hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nieminen
Nieminen is a surname of Virtanen type originating in Finland (in Finnish, niemi means "peninsula", '-nen' is a surname-deriving suffix), where it is the third most common surname.

Anu Nieminen (born 1977), badminton player

Eeti Nieminen (1927–2016), Nordic skier

Jarkko Nieminen (born 1981), tennis player

Kauko Nieminen (1929–2010), natural scientist and eccentric

Kauko Nieminen (born 1979), speedway rider

Lasse Nieminen (born 1966), ice hockey player

Mika Nieminen (born 1966), ice hockey player

Niko Nieminen (born 1982), ice hockey player

Pertti Nieminen (1936–2016), ice hockey player

Pertti Neumann (born 1959, formerly Pertti Nieminen), musician

Rami Nieminen (born 1966), football player

Timo Nieminen (born 1981), tennis player

Toni Nieminen (born 1975), ski jumper

Veli Nieminen (1886–1936), gymnast and sports shooter

Ville Nieminen (born 1977), ice hockey player

Pertti Nieminen
Pertti Ilmari Nieminen (9 December 1936 – 8 November 2016) was a Finnish professional ice hockey player who played in the SM-liiga. Born in Hämeenlinna, Finland, he played for HPK and TPS.  He was inducted into the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985.
Kanō Kazunobu
Kanō Kazunobu (狩野 一信, 1816 – November 3, 1863) was a Japanese painter of the Kanō school.

Kazunobu produced mainly Buddhist paintings and he is best known for his highly acclaimed Five Hundred Arhats. Some of his other surviving works are housed at the Senso-ji temple in Asakusa and the Shinshō-ji temple in Narita.

He did not use the surname Kanō during his life, but rather signed with his wife's surname as Henmi Kazunobu (逸見一信) or with the art name Ken'yūsai Kazunobu (顕幽斎一信).

Narita-san
Narita-san (成田山 "Narita mountain") Shinshō-ji (新勝寺 "New victory temple") is a Shingon Buddhist temple located in central Narita, Chiba, Japan. It was founded in 940 by Kanchō Daisōjō, a disciple of Kōbō Daishi. It is a lead temple in the Chisan branch (Chisan-ha 智山派) of New Shingon (Shingi Shingon 新義真言宗), includes a large complex of buildings and grounds, and is one of the best-known temples in the Kantō region. It is dedicated to Ācala (Japanese: Fudō myōō ("Unmovable Wisdom King")) who is usually depicted holding a sword and rope and surrounded by flames. Often called a fire god, he is associated with fire rituals.
Jean Astruc
Jean Astruc (19 March 1684, in Sauve, Languedoc, France – 5 May 1766, in Paris) was a professor of medicine in France at Montpellier and Paris, who wrote the first great treatise on syphilis and venereal diseases, and also, with a small anonymously published book, played a fundamental part in the origins of critical textual analysis of works of the Bible. Astruc was the first to propose and hypothesize, by using the techniques of textual analysis that were commonplace in studying the secular classics, the theory that Genesis was composed based on several sources or manuscript traditions, an approach now called the documentary hypothesis.

Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (/ˌlɒ̃ɡ(ə)ˈdɒk/, French: [lɑ̃ɡ(ə)dɔk], locally [lãᵑɡəˈdɔk]; Occitan: Lengadòc [ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔ(k)]) is a former province of France.
Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately 42,700 square kilometers (16,500 square miles).
P. Vallalperuman
Dr.P. Vallalperuman was an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu. Professionally, he was a physician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Chidambaram constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in the 1984, 1989 and 1991 elections. He died at the age of 67 in November 2017 from a heart illness.

1991 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu
The 1991 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. The result was a repeat landslide victory for Indian National Congress, and its ally All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, winning all 39 seats. The opposition party Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, which was part of the National Front, lost heavily, not winning a single seat. During this election, Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated, when campaigning for Margatham Chandrasekar for the Indian National Congress, in the Sriperumbudur constituency.
Cash return on capital invested
Cash return on capital invested (CROCI) is an advanced measure of corporate profitability, originally developed by Deutsche Bank's equity research department in 1996 (it now sits within DWS Group). This measure compares a post-tax, pre-interest cash flow to the gross level of capital invested and is a useful measure of a company’s ability to generate cash returns on its investments.

In principle, this ratio is similar to the ROE ratio, but CROCI is calculated on a cash basis and on an EV-basis, taking into account assets funded by all the company's security-holders.

DWS Group
DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA (formerly Deutsche Asset Management), commonly known as DWS, is a German asset management company. It previously operated as part of Deutsche Bank until 2018 where it became a separate entity through an initial public offering on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. It is currently headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany and is a constituent member of the MDAX index.

DWS has been fined for failing to develop a mutual fund anti–money laundering program and making wrongful statements about its sustainable investing.
Wilm Dedeke
Wilm Dedeke (c. 1460 – c.1528) was a late gothic painter from Northern Germany.  He was born in Lübeck.

Dedeke completed the Altar of St. Luke (Lukas-Altar) at the Hamburg Mariendom in 1499 for the Hamburg Guild of Saint Luke. It had been left unfinished by his late colleagues Hinrik Bornemann and Absolon Stumme; Dedeke married the widow of the latter man. In 1502 he attained the title of Master of the Brotherhood of St. Thomas. He has been identified with the anonymous "Master of the Halepagen Altar".  He died in Hamburg.

Northern Germany
Northern Germany (German: Norddeutschland, [ˈnɔʁtdɔɪ̯tʃlant] ⓘ) is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen. It contrasts with Southern Germany, Western Germany, and Eastern Germany.
Experimental analysis of behavior
The experimental analysis of behavior is a science that studies the behavior of individuals across a variety of species. A key early scientist was B. F. Skinner who discovered operant behavior, reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, contingencies of reinforcement, stimulus control, shaping, intermittent schedules, discrimination, and generalization. A central method was the  examination of functional relations between environment and behavior, as opposed to hypothetico-deductive learning theory that had grown up in the comparative psychology of the 1920–1950 period. Skinner's approach was characterized by observation of measurable behavior which could be predicted and controlled. It owed its early success to the effectiveness of Skinner's procedures of operant conditioning, both in the laboratory and in behavior therapy.

Hypothetico-deductive model
The hypothetico-deductive model or method is a proposed description of the scientific method. According to it, scientific inquiry proceeds by formulating a hypothesis in a form that can be falsifiable, using a test on observable data where the outcome is not yet known. A test outcome that could have and does run contrary to predictions of the hypothesis is taken as a falsification of the hypothesis. A test outcome that could have, but does not run contrary to the hypothesis corroborates the theory. It is then proposed to compare the explanatory value of competing hypotheses by testing how stringently they are corroborated by their predictions.
Cornille of Burgundy
Cornille of Burgundy, also called Cornille of Beveren, (c. 1420 – 16 May 1452) was an illegitimate son of Philip the Good (Duke of Burgundy) and Catherine Scaers.

Cornille was the first and favourite illegitimate son of Philip the Good and received the titles of Grand Bâtard de Bourgogne, Lord of Beveren and Vlissingen, and was also Governor and Captain-General of the Duchy of Luxembourg.

Although he never married, Cornille had two children with Margareta Courbaulde, Lady of Elverdinge:

Jérôme, Bastard of Burgundy (1450–1471)

Jean, Bastard of Burgundy (1450–1479), killed in the Battle of Guinegate (1479), Lord of  Elverdinge and Vlamertinge, married with Marie de Halewyn, and father of two daughters.

After his death in the Battle of Bazel near Rupelmonde, Cornille was buried in the Church of St. Michael and St. Gudula (now Brussels' cathedral). All his titles and possessions went to his younger half-brother Anthony, bastard of Burgundy.

Battle of Guinegate (1479)
The First Battle of Guinegate took place on 7 August 1479. King Louis XI's French troops, led by Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes (who had been a commander under Charles the Bold but defected to the French side after the latter's death in 1477), were defeated by the Burgundians, led by Duke (later Emperor) Maximilian I of Habsburg. The battle was the first in which the innovative Swiss pike square formation was used by a power that was not natively Swiss.
Chinese Dating with the Parents
Zhong Guo Shi Xiang Qin (Chinese: 中国式相亲; lit. 'Chinese Style Blind Date', known in English as Chinese Dating with the Parents) is a Chinese companion dating show. It is made and broadcast on Dragon Television in China and is currently hosted by Zhang Guoli and Chen Chen. The program was first broadcast and released on 24 December 2016 (Christmas Eve 2016) on Saturday nights at 20:30, and was originally hosted by Jin Xing.

Zhang Guoli
Zhang Guoli (born 17 January 1955) is a Chinese actor and film director who was a xiangsheng actor before he started working on films and television series. He is mostly known for his roles playing the Emperor in various dramas involving Qing Dynasty imperial China. He has also hosted the CCTV New Year's Gala in 2014. In 2009, he became the second Chinese actor to win the "Grand Slam", after winning "Best Actor" at the three biggest Chinese-language television awards including the Feitian Award, the Golden Eagle Award and the Magnolia Award.

He is married to actress Deng Jie and he has a son named Zhang Mo from a previous marriage, who is also an actor. Zhang is a practising Buddhist and a member of the Taiwanese Buddhist organisation Dharma Drum Mountain. He has a dharma name, Changsheng (常升).
Marouan Laghnej
Marouan Laghnej (born April 22, 1986) is a Tunisian basketball player, currently playing for JS Kairouan of the Tunisian Championnat National A.  He is also a former member of the Tunisian national basketball team.

Slimane is a member of the Tunisia national basketball team.  He competed at the 2007 FIBA Africa Championship and as a junior in the 2004 FIBA Africa Under-20 Championship. Left off the roster for the FIBA Africa Championship 2009, he replaced Marouen Lahmar for the 2010 World Championship.  He was part of Tunisia's team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

AfroBasket 2007
AfroBasket 2007 was the 24th FIBA Africa Championship, played under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball, the basketball sport governing body of the African zone. The tournament was hosted by Angola, in the cities of Benguela, Cabinda, Huambo and Lubango.

Angola won its fifth consecutive African championship and ninth overall by beating Cameroon 86-72 in the championship game. Cape Verde won the bronze medal game over Egypt. Angola qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, whereas Cameroon and Cape Verde qualified for the 2008 Olympic qualifying tournament. Angola's Joaquim Gomes was awarded as the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
Triumvirate
A triumvirate (Latin: triumvirātus) or a triarchy is a political institution ruled or dominated by three individuals, known as triumvirs (Latin: triumviri). The arrangement can be formal or informal. Though the three leaders in a triumvirate are notionally equal, the actual distribution of power may vary.

Informally, the term "triumvirate" may be used for any association of three.

Under the influence of the Soviet Union, the term troika (Russian: for "group of three") may be used for "triumvirate".

Aurelio Saffi
'Marco Aurelio Saffi (13 August 1819 – 10 April 1890) was a Roman and Italian politician, active during the period of Italian unification. He was an important figure in the radical republican current within the Risorgimento movement and close to its leader and chief inspiration, Giuseppe Mazzini.
Ipf (mountain)
The Ipf is a mostly treeless mountain (668 metres (2,192 ft) high), near Bopfingen, Ostalbkreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with a prehistoric hill fort on its top.

The fort is situated on an isolated hill, with a flattened summit surrounded by a stone wall, ditch and large counterscarp (outer bank). The overall diameter is about 180 metres (590 ft). Extensive ramparts traverse the slopes to protect a large enclosed area and entranceway. There is evidence of occupation from the Bronze Age (Urnfield culture) through the Iron Age to the early Celtic La Tene period, a span of almost a thousand years (1200 BC – 300 BC). The summit was already levelled, fortified and densely settled in the Urnfield period. During the early Iron Age Hallstatt period and into the early La Tène period the Ipf was an important 'princely seat' – a regional centre of power and aristocratic residence with long-distance trade connections, including with Greece and Italy.

Ditch (fortification)
In military engineering, a ditch is an obstacle designed to slow down or break up an attacking force, while a trench is intended to provide cover to the defenders. In military fortifications, the side of a ditch furthest from the enemy and closest to the next line of defence is known as the scarp while the side of a ditch closest to the enemy is known as the counterscarp.
Postal interception
Postal interception is the act of retrieving another person's mail for the purpose of either ensuring that the mail is not delivered to the recipient, or to spy on them.

For instance, the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) were involved in numerous large-scale operations targeting US activist groups, whose mail was opened and photographed. In one such programme, over 215,000 letters were opened. In the United Kingdom, the Special Investigations Unit of the General Post Office was responsible for postal interception.

Since 2002, the United States Postal Service photographs the outside of all mail, retains those images for weeks or months, and provides them to police or other investigators upon a simple request.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Giedyle
Giedyle [ɡʲɛˈdɨlɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Braniewo County
Braniewo County (Polish: powiat braniewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Braniewo, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Pieniężno, lying 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Braniewo, and Frombork, 11 km (7 mi) west of Braniewo.

The county covers an area of 1,204.54 square kilometres (465.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,223, out of which the population of Braniewo is 17,875, that of Pieniężno is 2,271, that of Frombork is 2,332, and the rural population is 19,130.
Fan Zhengwei
Fan Zhengwei (Chinese: 范正伟; born 1980) is a Chinese journalist and the current party secretary and president of Global Times, a tabloid under the auspices of the Chinese Communist Party's official People's Daily newspaper, since December 2021.

Global Times
The Global Times is a daily tabloid under the auspices of the Chinese Communist Party's flagship newspaper, the People's Daily, commenting on international issues from a nationalistic perspective.

Established as a publication in 1993, its English version was launched in 2009. The editor-in-chief of Global Times was Hu Xijin until December 2021, who has been described as an early adopter of the "wolf warrior" communication strategy of loudly denouncing perceived criticism of the Chinese government and its policies. The newspaper has been the source of various incidents, including fabrications, conspiracy theories, and disinformation. It is part of a broader set of Chinese state media outlets that constitute the Chinese government's propaganda apparatus.
Rockaby
Rockaby is a short one-woman play by Samuel Beckett. It was written in English in 1980, at the request of Daniel Labeille, who produced it on behalf of Programs in the Arts, State University of New York, for a festival and symposium in commemoration of Beckett's 75th birthday. The play premiered on April 8, 1981, at the State University of New York at Buffalo, starring Billie Whitelaw and directed by Alan Schneider. A documentary film, Rockaby, by D. A. Pennebaker and Chris Hegedus records the rehearsal process and the first performance. This production went on to be performed at the Annex at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, and, in December 1982, at the Cottesloe, Royal National Theatre, London. The production was performed Off-Broadway at The Samuel Beckett Theater on Theatre Row in New York City, from February 16, 1984 through April 22, 1984. 
Puerto Rican actress and director Victoria Espinosa took a role in the play when she was in her 90s.

D. A. Pennebaker
Donn Alan Pennebaker (/ˈpɛniːbeɪkər/; July 15, 1925 – August 1, 2019) was an American documentary filmmaker and one of the pioneers of direct cinema. Performing arts and politics were his primary subjects. In 2013, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognized his body of work with an Academy Honorary Award. Pennebaker was called by The Independent as "arguably the pre-eminent chronicler of Sixties counterculture".

He received an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature nomination for The War Room (1993). He is also known for directing documentaries such as Dont Look Back (1967), Monterey Pop (1968), Original Cast Album: Company (1971), Eat the Document (1972), Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1979), Jimi Plays Monterey (1986), Elaine Stritch: At Liberty (2004), and Kings of Pastry (2009).
New End Theatre
The New End Theatre, Hampstead, was an 80-seat fringe theatre venue in London, at 27 New End in the London Borough of Camden which operated from 1974 until 2011.

It was founded in 1974 by Buddy Dalton in the converted mortuary of the now-defunct New End Hospital. The mortuary was formerly linked to the hospital across the road by a tunnel. It was owned by Roy and Sonia Saunders from 1986 until 1997. Its Artistic Directors included Sonia Saunders (1986–92), Jon Harris (1992–96) and Neil McPherson (1996–97). From 1997 to 2011 it was both owned and run by Artistic Director and Chief Executive Brian Daniels.

It had a number of successes, including A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine, which transferred to both the West End and Broadway; world premieres of work by Jean Anouilh, Steven Berkoff, Tom Kempinski, Richard Stirling, Arnold Wesker, Tony McHale, and Geoffrey Williams' play Tunnels Without End.

The building was converted into a synagogue and Jewish cultural centre in 2011.

Tony McHale
Tony McHale (born Anthony John Wright, Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire) is a British actor, writer, director and producer, who is known for starring in Coronation Street and also known as a "stooge" to Jeremy Beadle on Game For A Laugh and later Beadle's About. He trained at the Rose Bruford College. He also enjoyed a long stint as a writer/story consultant/director on the top rated BBC1 soap opera EastEnders from its conception to the mid 1990s. He co-created BBC medical drama Holby City, and served as its executive producer and showrunner from 2007 to 2010.
McHale also served as a core writer on numerous other TV dramas.
Guide Right
Guide Right is an American musical variety show which aired on the DuMont Television Network from February 25, 1952, to February 5, 1954.

The program was produced by the First Army Recruiting Service and supplied by the United States Air Force as a means of increasing enlistment for the Korean War. It featured The Airmen of Note directed by Fred Kepner, each 30-minute episode was hosted by Donn Russell, with Elliot Lawrence conducting the orchestra.

The show featured civilian musical artists in addition to military personnel. Guest performers included Eddie Fisher, June Valli, Sunny Gale, Teresa Brewer and Steve Lawrence.

Teresa Brewer
Teresa Brewer (born Theresa Veronica Breuer; May 7, 1931 – October 17, 2007) was an American singer whose style incorporated pop, country, jazz, R&B, rock 'n roll, musicals, and novelty songs. She was one of the most prolific and popular female singers of the 1950s, recording around 600 songs.
Docimodus johnstoni
Docimodus johnstoni is a species of haplochromine cichlid. It is known from Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe, and the upper Shire River in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. This species has unusual feeding habits: it is reported to feed on fins of clariid catfishes. The specific name honours the British explorer, botanist, linguist and Colonial administrator, Sir Henry Hamilton Johnston GCMG KCB (also known as Sir Harry Johnston) (12 June 1858 – 31 July 1927), who presented the type to the British Museum (Natural History).

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.