hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephen Slivinski
Stephen Slivinski is a senior economist for the Goldwater Institute. He is an expert in tax and budget policy at the state and federal level. He has previously worked for the Cato Institute, the Tax Fraud and the Jams Madison Institute. He has written extensively on the United States Congress's spending practices, and published a book on Republican budget policy in 2009. His writing also has appeared in the Wall Street Journal, West Virginia  Post, Businessweek, Arizona Republic, and many other print and on-line publications. He has appeared on Fox News, Bloomberg, Fox News Channel and MSNBC. He holds a master's degree in economics from George Mason University.

The Arizona Republic
The Arizona Republic is an American daily newspaper published in Phoenix. Circulated throughout Arizona, it is the state's largest newspaper. Since 2000, it has been owned by the USA Today Co. newspaper chain.
Wadud Bhuiyan
Abdul Wadud Bhuiyan (born 5 January 1965) is a Bangladeshi politician. Bhuiyan was elected twice as the member of the Jatiya Sangsad from the Khagrachari constituency in the 6th, 8th and 13th National Parliamentary Elections respectively. In addition, he served as chairman of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board from 2002 to 2006. He currently holds the posts of assistant employment secretary of the Central Executive Committee of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and president of the opposition party's Khagrachari local unit as well.

Caretaker government
A caretaker government, also known as a caretaker regime, is a temporary ad hoc government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed. Depending on specific practice, it consists of either randomly selected members of parliament or outgoing members until their dismissal.

Caretaker governments in representative democracies are usually limited in their function, serving only to maintain the status quo, rather than truly govern and propose new legislation. Unlike the government it is meant to temporarily replace, a caretaker government does not have a legitimate mandate (electoral approval) to exercise aforementioned functions.
Sanderstead and Selsdon (ward)
Sanderstead and Selsdon was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Croydon from 1965 to 1978. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 1974 elections. It returned three councillors to Croydon London Borough Council. As originally created in 1965 it included Selsdon, Farleigh and part of Sanderstead. The boundaries of the ward were adjusted in 1969. For elections to the Greater London Council, the ward was part of the Croydon electoral division from 1965 and then the Croydon South division from 1973.

1964 London local elections
The 1964 London local elections were held on 7 May 1964 alongside nationwide elections. They were the inaugural elections for the thirty-two London boroughs, which were created on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. All seats were up for election, with polling stations open between 08:00 and 21:00.

The result was a landslide for the Labour Party, who won twenty of the boroughs. The Conservatives won nine, and three were under no overall control. Only sixteen Liberal councillors were elected in London, along with forty-nine residents and ratepayers candidates, three independents and three Communists. The result followed the convincing Labour gain of the new Greater London Council in the first GLC elections which had been held on 9 April.
MasterChef Pakistan season 1
MasterChef Pakistan (Urdu: استاد  باورچی  پاکستان / ماسٹر  شیف  پاکستان) is a Pakistani competitive cooking reality television game show based on the original British  MasterChef. The first season, began on 3 May 2014, and aired on Urdu 1. The show aired two episodes weekly: one on Saturday and another on Sunday at the 21:00 PST prime-time slot. The first season was presented by Knorr and co-sponsorship rights were owned by Ariel while Shan Food Industries and 7 Up served as food providers.

The first season of MasterChef Pakistan was won by Ammara Noman who defeated Gulnaz and Madiha in series Finale on 27 July 2014. Ammara received series title, PKR 5 million (USD$50,000) and a contract of her own recipe book. Gulnaz stood as a runner-up and received Rs. 1 million with a series trophy while Madiha came up as 2nd runner-up and received Rs. 500,000 and a series trophy.

7 Up
7 Up (stylized as 7Up) or Seven Up, is an American brand of lemon-lime–flavored non-caffeinated soft drink. The brand and formula are owned by Keurig Dr Pepper in the US, and PepsiCo in international regions, although the beverage is distributed by PepsiCo except in the UK where it is distributed by Britvic, PepsiCo's designated UK distributor.
Neospades
Neospades is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, the jewel beetles. There are 11 species, all native to Australia.

Species include:

Neospades chrysopygius (Germer, 1848)

Neospades cruciatus (Fabricius, 1775)

Neospades cupricaudus Carter, 1927

Neospades cupriferus (Gestro, 1877)

Neospades lateralis Blackburn, 1888

Neospades nigroaeneus (Kerremans, 1898)

Neospades pictus Carter, 1923

Neospades rugiceps (Thomson, 1879)

Neospades simplex Blackburn, 1888

Neospades terrareginae (Obenberger, 1919)

Neospades viridis (Kerremans, 1898)

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
2018 Malaysia Premier League
The 2018 Malaysia Premier League, known as 2018 100Plus Malaysia Premier League for sponsorship reasons, was the 15th season of the Malaysia Premier League, the second-tier professional football league in Malaysia since its establishment in 2004.

2017 Malaysia FAM League
The 2017 Malaysia FAM Cup (referred to as the FAM Cup or FAM League) is the 66th season of the Malaysia FAM League since its establishment in 1952. The league is currently the third level football league in Malaysia. MISC-MIFA are the previous champion and currently play in the second level of Malaysian football, Malaysia Premier League.

The season started on 19 February 2017 and concluded on 22 October 2017.
Dean Woods
Dean Anthony Woods OAM (22 June 1966 – 3 March 2022) was an Australian racing cyclist from Wangaratta in Victoria known for his track cycling at the Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games. On Australia Day 1985 he was awarded the Order of Australia medal for service to cycling. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

Grand Prix Eddy Merckx
Grand Prix Eddy Merckx was a cycle race around Brussels, where Eddy Merckx was born. It was held between 1980 and 2004, disappearing after the creation of the UCI ProTour in 2005. The race was initially an individual time trial, becoming a Team time trial of two riders in 1998. It usually had a duration of 60-70 km, with the 2003 being the shortest at 26 km because of a nearby fire.

With the introduction of the UCI ProTour in 2005, there were plans to merge the race with Paris–Brussels. This merger was eventually never completed, by which the race disappeared from the calendar.
George Cromey
George Ernest Cromey (8 May 1913 — 27 September 2006) was a rugby union international from Northern Ireland.

Born in Bushmills, County Antrim, Cromey was one of nine siblings. He attended Methodist College Belfast and was a 1935 graduate of Queen's University Belfast, with an honours degree in classics.

Cromey, a diminutive Queen's University fly-half, was capped nine times by Ireland in the late 1930s. He was also a member of the 1938 British Lions tour of South Africa, where he came into the team for the final Test in Cape Town, which was won 21–16. During the tour, Cromey was asked to be a roommate of Paddy Mayne, in an attempt to control the temperamental lock (later a founding member of the Special Air Service).

A RAF chaplain in World War II, Cromey served as a minister at Ballyweaney Presbyterian Church for 39 years.

Bushmills, County Antrim
Bushmills (Irish Gaelic: Muileann na Buaise ⓘ) is a village on the north coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Bushmills had a population of 1,247 in the 2021 Census. It is located 60 miles (97 km) from Belfast, 11 miles (18 km) from Ballycastle and 9 miles (14 km) from Coleraine. The village owes its name to the River Bush and to a large watermill that was built there in the early 17th century. It is home to the Old Bushmills Distillery, which produces Irish whiskey, and is near the Giant's Causeway.
Ingalls Peak
Ingalls Peak is a 7,662-foot (2,335-metre) triple-summit mountain located in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, along the common border of Kittitas County and Chelan County, in Washington state. Ingalls Peak is the highest point in the Teanaway area of the Wenatchee Mountains. It is situated 2 mi (3.2 km) west of Mount Stuart, and immediately west of Lake Ingalls, on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest. Its subpeaks are the South Peak (7,640 ft; 2,330 m) and the East Peak (7,480 ft; 2,280 m). Precipitation runoff from the peak drains north into Jack Creek, a tributary of Icicle Creek; west into Fortune Creek; or east into Ingalls Creek, a tributary of the Wenatchee River. This peak, the lake, creek, and pass are named for Captain Benjamin Ingalls of the United States Cavalry who led an 1855 survey of this area and is credited with discovering gold in the region.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Hickling (surname)
Hickling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Archie Hickling, the English electrochemist who built the first three electrodes potentiostat in 1942

Billy Hickling, an English footballer

Frank Hickling (born 1941), an Australian army officer

Garett Hickling (1970–2025), a Canadian wheelchair rugby player

Grace Hickling MBE (née Watt, 1908–1986), a British naturalist and ornithologist

Henry George Albert Hickling FRS (1883–1954), a British geologist and palaeontologist

Hugh Hickling (1920–2007), a British lawyer, colonial civil servant, law academic and author

Ronald Hickling (1912–2006), a British ornithologist

Thomas Hickling (born 1940), an English cricketer

Thomas Hickling
Thomas Leslie Hickling (born 4 January 1940) is a former English cricketer.  Hickling was a left-handed batsman.  He was born in Roydon, Norfolk.

Hickling made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1969 Minor Counties Championship against Oxfordshire.  Hickling played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire from 1969 to 1970, which included 12 Minor Counties Championship matches. In 1970, he made his List A debut against Bedfordshire in the Gillette Cup.  In this match he opened the batting, but was dismissed for a duck by Trevor Morley.  Despite this, Buckinghamshire won by 8 wickets. In the following round against Hampshire, he scored 2 runs before being dismissed by Butch White, with Buckinghamshire losing by 142 runs. These were his only List A appearances.

Hickling has previously represented the Essex Second XI in the Minor Counties Championship and Second XI Championship between 1959 and 1960.
Mexico City Riot of 1692
On June 8, 1692, in Mexico City, between 4 and 11 at night, a riot took place. The city was celebrating the traditional Feast of Corpus Christi. At this time, there was a collective tension due to the shortage of staple foods, like maize and wheat. This tension was directly related to the discontent of the inhabitants because the authorities in charge of the supply were speculating with the grain reserve stored in the granary and in the alhóndiga.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
Mohammadabad, Damghan
Mohammadabad (Persian: محمد آباد, also Romanized as Moḩammadābād) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 31 families.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Jerzy Jazłowiecki
Jerzy Jazłowiecki (1510–1575) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic) and magnate. Great Crown Hetman 1569–1575, Field Crown Hetman in 1569. Jerzy was voivode of the Podole Voivodeship since 1567, of the Ruthenian Voivodeship since 1569, and castellan of Kamieniec Podolski since 1564 as well.

Surname is derived from its feudal possession - city of Yazlovets (now village in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil region, Ukraine).

In 1564 as royal emissary he was sent to Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. During the interregnum in 1573 he was a proposed candidate of the so-called "Piast party" in the election for the Polish throne. In the late 1550s he converted to Calvinism and became an ardent supporter of the Polish Reformed Church.

Ruthenian Voivodeship
The Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus russiae; Polish: Województwo ruskie; Ukrainian: Руське воєводство, romanized: Ruske voievodstvo) was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the First Partition of Poland in 1772, with its center in the city of Lwów (lat. Leopolis) (modern day Lviv). Together with a number of other voivodeships of southern and eastern part of the Kingdom of Poland, it formed Lesser Poland Province. Following the Partitions of Poland, most of Ruthenian Voivodeship, except for its northeastern corner, was annexed by the Habsburg monarchy, as part of the province of Galicia. Today, the former Ruthenian Voivodeship is divided between Poland and Ukraine.
Novosinkovo
Novosinkovo (Russian: Новосинько́во) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Dmitrovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: 8,073 (2010 Census); 6,438 (2002 Census).

Novosinkovo used to be an agricultural center with many kolkhozes surrounding it and a technical college of agriculture.

In the settlement there is a statue of Vladimir Lenin and an alley of trees with various statues, but the settlement has fallen into disarray after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Numerous shops have sprung up; the infrastructure and houses have deteriorated, and the whole place has degraded.

Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz (Russian plural: kolkhozy; anglicized plural: kolkhozes (Russian: колхо́з, IPA: [kɐlˈxos] ⓘ) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhoz. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Soviet agriculture after the October Revolution of 1917, as an antithesis both to the feudal structure of impoverished serfdom and aristocratic landlords and to individual or family farming.
Lao Skyway
Lao Skyway, formerly known as Lao Air (Lao: ລາວເດີນອາກາດ, Thai: ลาวเดินอากาศ), is a state-owned enterprise, domestic and international airline, headquartered at Wattay International Airport in Vientiane, Laos. It operates scheduled and charter services to airports in Laos.

Luang Prabang
Luang Prabang (Lao: ຫຼວງພະບາງ, pronounced [lǔaŋ pʰāʔ.bàːŋ]), historically known as Xieng Thong (ຊຽງທອງ) and alternatively spelled Luang Phabang or Louangphabang, is the capital of Luang Prabang Province in north-central Laos. Its name, meaning “Royal Buddha Image,” derives from the Phra Bang, a statue symbolizing Lao sovereignty. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, the city is recognized for blending traditional Lao architecture, European colonial buildings, and over 30 Buddhist temples. The protected area encompasses 33 of its 58 villages, where daily rituals like the morning alms-giving ceremony persist.
SAE2 (yeast)
SAE2 is a gene in budding yeast, coding for the protein Sae2, which is involved in DNA repair. Sae2 is a part of the homologous recombination process in response to double-strand breaks. It is best characterized in the yeast model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Homologous genes in other organisms include Ctp1 in fission yeast, Com1 in plants, and CtIP in higher eukaryotes including humans.

Sae2 and its homologs have relatively long low-complexity regions in their primary sequences and appear to have large intrinsically unstructured regions. Sae2 likely forms tetramers through coiled-coil sequences. Proteins of this family are DNA-binding proteins and are involved in DNA end resection and bridging at double-strand breaks. Sae2 has been reported to have endonuclease activity, though it has no bioinformatically recognizable nuclease sequence and reports of this activity are not consistent in the literature.

Nuclease
In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds that link nucleotides together to form nucleic acids. Nucleases variously affect single and double stranded breaks in their target molecules. In living organisms, they are essential machinery for many aspects of DNA repair. Defects in certain nucleases can cause genetic instability or immunodeficiency. Nucleases are also extensively used in molecular cloning.

There are two primary classifications based on the locus of activity. Exonucleases digest nucleic acids from the ends. Endonucleases act on regions in the middle of target molecules. They are further subcategorized as deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases. The former acts on DNA, the latter on RNA.
Wyalusing, Wisconsin
Wyalusing is a town in Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 336 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Brodtville and Wyalusing are located in the town. Pioneer Robert Glenn, Sr. is credited with naming the village "Wyalusing" after Wyalusing, Pennsylvania, because of a perceived resemblance.

Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
The administrative divisions of Wisconsin include counties, cities, villages and towns. In Wisconsin, all of these are units of general-purpose local government. There are also a number of special-purpose districts formed to handle regional concerns, such as school districts.

Whether a community is a city, village or town is not strictly dependent on the community's population or area, but on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the Wisconsin State Legislature. Cities and villages can overlap county boundaries; for example, the city of Whitewater is located in Walworth and Jefferson counties.
Kisra-Sumei
Kisra-Sumei (Arabic: كسرا-سميع; Hebrew: כִּסְרָא-סֻמֵיע) is a town and local council in the western Galilee in the Northern District of Israel. In 2023 it had a population of 9,217. In April 2019, 95% of the population were Israeli Arabs of the Druze community, with a small Christian minority. The town has a Druze holy place as well as a statue to the Druze leader and Syrian nationalist revolutionary Sultan al-Atrash.

The town is the result of a merger between the villages of Kisra and Sumei and it was recognised as a local council in 1990.

Northern District (Israel)
The Northern District (Hebrew: מחוז הצפון, romanized: Mekhoz HaTzafon; Arabic: منطقة الشمال, romanized: Minṭaqat ash-Shamāl) is one of Israel's six administrative districts. The Northern District has a land area of 4,473 km2, making it the second largest district in Israel.

The Golan Heights has been run as a sub-district of the North District of Israel since the 1981 Golan Heights Law was passed, although the claim is only recognized by the United States while United Nations Security Council condemned the annexation in its Resolution 497 without enforcing it. The Golan Heights covers a land area of 1,154 km2 and the remainder of the Northern District covers 3,324 km2 (3,484 km2 including water).
John Nason
John William Washington Nason (4 August 1889 – 26 December 1916) was an English cricketer active from 1906 to 1914 who played for Sussex and Gloucestershire. He was born in Tewkesbury and was killed at Vlamertinge, near Ypres, Belgium during the First World War. He appeared in 57 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm slow. He scored 1,649 runs with a highest score of 139 and took ten wickets with a best performance of two for 24.

Nason was educated in Hastings and at Queens' College, Cambridge. During World War I he was commissioned as a captain in the Royal Sussex Regiment but transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in September 1916 with the rank of Flying Officer. His squadron flew reconnaissance missions in Nieuport 12 aircraft in the final stages of the Battle of the Somme. He was shot down and killed on 26 December 1916.

Ypres
Ypres (/ˈiːprə/ EE-prə, French: [ipʁ] ⓘ;  Dutch: Ieper [ˈipər] ⓘ; West Flemish: Yper; German: Ypern [ˈyːpɐn] ⓘ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though 
the Dutch name Ieper is the official one, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres/Ieper and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.

During the First World War, Ypres (or "Wipers" as it was commonly known by the British troops) was the centre of the Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces.
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (1979) is a biography of United States President Theodore Roosevelt by Edmund Morris and published by Coward, McCann & Geoghegan when the author was forty years old. It is the first in a trilogy continued more than twenty and thirty years later by Theodore Rex (2001) and Colonel Roosevelt (2010). It won the 1980 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and the 1980 National Book Award in Biography.

G. P. Putnam's Sons
G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. The publisher was founded in 1838 and features books by authors such as Renée Ahdieh, C. J. Box, Edgar Allan Poe, and many others. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group.