hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Carnegie (Labour politician)
John Carnegie (1860 – 4 February 1928) was a Scottish politician.

Born in Brechin, Carnegie began working at the age of ten.  He became interested in socialism, joining the Socialist League, and was an early member of the Scottish Labour Party, then became a founding member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP).  Under this label, he was elected to the Dundee Public Board in 1894, becoming its first socialist member, and in 1904 he was elected to Dundee Town Council.

By the 1920s, Carnegie was living in Barry near Carnoustie, and working as a building contractor.  He served on the Forfarshire Education Authority Works Committee.  He stood for the Labour Party in Montrose Burghs at the 1922 and 1923 United Kingdom general elections, taking a close second place on each occasion.

1922 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Wednesday 15 November 1922. It was won by the Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister Bonar Law, which gained an overall majority over the Labour Party, led by J. R. Clynes, and a divided Liberal Party.

This election is considered one of political realignment, with the Liberal Party falling to third-party status. The Conservative Party went on to spend all but eight of the next forty-two years as the largest party in Parliament, and Labour emerged as the main competition to the Conservatives.

The election was the first not to be held in Southern Ireland, due to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, under which Southern Ireland was to secede from the United Kingdom as a Dominion – the Irish Free State – on 6 December 1922. This reduced the size of the House of Commons by nearly one hundred seats when compared to the previous election.
Stalae
Stalae or Stalai (Ancient Greek: Στάλαι) was a town of ancient Crete. It is mentioned in a treaty between the town and Praesus dated to the beginning of the 3rd century BCE.

Its location is the subject of debate; two different sites have been proposed for its location: the ruins at Makry Gialos, and a site near Dasonari.

History of Crete
The history of Crete goes back to the 7th millennium BC, preceding the ancient Minoan civilization by more than four millennia. The Minoan civilization was the first civilization in Europe.

During the Iron Age, Crete developed an Ancient Greece-influenced organization of city-states, then successively became part of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Ottoman Empire, an autonomous state, and the modern state of Greece.
Erastus Wentworth
Erastus Wentworth (simplified Chinese: 万为; traditional Chinese: 萬為; Pinyin: Wànwéi; Foochow Romanized: Uâng-ùi; August 5, 1813 – May 26, 1886) was an educator, a Methodist Episcopal minister, and a missionary to Fuzhou, China.

Bàng-uâ-cê
Bàng-uâ-cê (abbr. BUC; Chinese: 平話字) or Fuzhou romanization (福州話羅馬字), is a Latin alphabet for the Fuzhou dialect of Eastern Min adopted in the middle of the 19th century by Western missionaries. It had varied at different times, and became standardized in the 1890s. Bàng-uâ-cê was mainly used inside of church circles, and was taught in some mission schools in Fuzhou. However, unlike its counterpart Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Hokkien, even in its prime days Bàng-uâ-cê was by no means universally understood by Christians.
Ferin Head
Ferin Head (65°59′S 65°20′W﻿ / ﻿65.983°S 65.333°W﻿ / -65.983; -65.333) is a headland 4 nautical miles (7 km) north of the entrance to Holtedahl Bay, in the northwest of Velingrad Peninsula on the Graham Coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, who from a distant position in Pendleton Strait charted this feature as an island, which Jean-Baptiste Charcot named for A. Ferin, French Vice-consul at Ponta Delgada in the Azores. The British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill, 1934–37, charted this coast and correlated their work with that of Charcot. Ferin Head, as here applied, is in accord with the BGLE interpretation.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot
Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).
As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Hahnenfurth/Düssel station
Hahnenfurth/Düssel station is located in the district of Dornap, Wuppertal, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The station was opened on a new section of line connecting Mettmann Stadtwald and the Wuppertal-Vohwinkel–Essen-Überruhr railway on 13 December 2020. There was formerly a nearby station called Dornap-Hahnenfurth on the Düsseldorf-Derendorf–Dortmund Süd railway, which was opened by the Rhenish Railway Company on 15 September 1879 and closed on 23 August 1991.

The station is served by line S 28 of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn, running between Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof and Kaarster See, operating every 20 or 40 minutes, alternatively, during the day.

Rhenish Railway Company
The Rhenish Railway Company (German: Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RhE)  was along with the Cologne-Minden Railway Company (CME) and the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company (BME) one of the railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia.
Edward Lewis (producer)
Edward Lewis (December 16, 1919 – July 27, 2019) was an American film producer and writer. As producer, he worked on nine films in partnership with actor Kirk Douglas; from 1958 to 1966, Lewis was Vice-President of Kirk Douglas film production company, Bryna Productions, as well as its subsidiaries, Brynaprod, Joel Productions and Douglas and Lewis Productions. He also produced nine films directed by John Frankenheimer. Lewis also wrote several books.

The Extraordinary Seaman
The Extraordinary Seaman is a 1969 American comedy war film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring David Niven, Faye Dunaway, Alan Alda, Mickey Rooney, and Jack Carter. Apart from his participation in the documentaries That's Entertainment! (1974), and That's Entertainment! III (1994), the  film is notable for being the last film Mickey Rooney acted in which was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, his studio during the period of his major stardom during the 1930s and 1940s.
Klaus Glahn
Klaus Glahn (born 23 March 1942) is a retired West German judoka who competed at the 1964 and 1972 Olympics. In 1964 he won a bronze medal in the openweight class while representing the United Team of Germany. Eight years later he won a silver medal for West Germany in the heavyweight category. Between 1967 and 1973 Glahn won five medals at World Championships in the heavyweight and open divisions. He also won three European heavyweight titles, in 1963, 1968 and 1970.

From 1985 to 1988 Glahn was president of the German Judo Federation. He also worked as a manager at Volkswagen Group.

In the 2000s Glahn was active in politics. He was a leading candidate from the Rentnerinnen- und Rentner-Partei (RRP) at the 2009 European Parliament election.

1970 European Judo Championships
The 1970 European Judo Championships were the 19th edition of the European Judo Championships, and were held in East Berlin, East Germany from 21 to 24 May 1970. The championships were divided into six individual competitions and a separate team competition.
London Calling (magazine)
London Calling (later renamed BBC Worldwide, then BBC On Air) is a former monthly magazine that contained programme listings for the BBC World Service shortwave radio broadcasting service.  Originally called the Empire Programme Pamphlet (for what was then known as the BBC Empire Service) and then BBC Empire Broadcasting, the title was changed to London Calling in mid-1939 when the magazine expanded from 12 pages to 16. The title alludes to the BBC World Service's station identification: "This is London calling ...", which was used during World War II, often in broadcasts to occupied countries.

Station identification
Station identification (ident, network ID, channel ID or bumper) is the practice of radio and television stations and networks identifying themselves on-air, typically by means of a call sign or brand name (sometimes known, particularly in the United States, as a "sounder", "stinger" or "sting", more generally as a station or network ID). This may be to satisfy requirements of licensing authorities, a form of branding, or a combination of both. As such, it is closely related to production logos, used in television and cinema alike.

Station identification used to be done regularly by an announcer at the halfway point during the presentation of a television program, or in between programs.
2019 Denmark Open
The 2019 Denmark Open (officially known as the Danisa Denmark Open presented by Victor 2019 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton competition which took place at Odense Sports Park in Odense, Denmark, from 15 to 20 October 2019. It had a total purse of $775,000.

Yuta Watanabe (badminton)
Yuta Watanabe (渡辺 勇大, Watanabe Yūta; born 13 June 1997) is a Japanese badminton player. He is a former member of the Japanese national team and joined J-Power in April 2025. He is known for his quick and explosive movements with signature drop shots. Partnered with Arisa Higashino, Watanabe won consecutive mixed doubles bronze medals at the 2020 and 2024 Olympics. The pair has also secured four medals at the BWF World Championships.
Rugrats (2021 TV series)
Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó, and Paul Germain. It has been described as a reboot of the original TV series of the same name which aired from 1991 to 2004. The series premiered on May 27, 2021, on Paramount+; it is the second Nickelodeon-based series created for the streaming service. As with previous incarnations of the franchise, the series was produced by Klasky Csupo and Nickelodeon Animation Studio.

On March 28, 2024, the series was removed from Paramount+ as part of a "strategic decision to focus on content with mass global appeal." Premieres had already moved to the Nicktoons channel on March 14, 2024.

A third season was produced, but it went unaired for reasons unknown.

Gábor Csupó
Gábor Csupó (/ˌɡɑːbɔːr ˈtʃuːpoʊ/ GAH-bor CHOO-poh, Hungarian: [ˈɡaːbor ˈtʃupoː]; born September 29, 1952) is a Hungarian animator, writer, director, producer and graphic designer. He is co-founder of the animation studio Klasky Csupo, which produced the first three years of The Simpsons, as well as episodes of Rugrats, The Wild Thornberrys, Duckman, Stressed Eric, Rocket Power, As Told by Ginger,  and Aaahh!!! Real Monsters.
Complex question
A complex question, trick question, multiple question, fallacy of presupposition, or plurium interrogationum (Latin, 'of many questions')  is a question that has a complex presupposition. The presupposition is a proposition that is presumed to be acceptable to the respondent when the question is asked. The respondent becomes committed to this proposition when they give any direct answer. When a presupposition includes an admission of wrongdoing, it is called a "loaded question" and is a form of entrapment in legal trials or debates. The presupposition is called "complex" if it is a conjunctive proposition, a disjunctive proposition, or a conditional proposition. It could also be another type of proposition that contains some logical connective in a way that makes it have several parts that are component propositions.

Complex questions can but do not have to be fallacious, as in being an informal fallacy.

Logical conjunction
In logic, mathematics and linguistics, and () is the truth-functional operator of conjunction or logical conjunction. The logical connective of this operator is typically represented as  or  or  (prefix) or  or  in which  is the most modern and widely used.

The and of a set of operands is true if and only if all of its operands are true, i.e.,  is true if and only if  is true and  is true.

An operand of a conjunction is a conjunct.

Beyond logic, the term "conjunction" also refers to similar concepts in other fields:

In natural language, the denotation of expressions such as English "and";

In programming languages, the short-circuit and control structure;

In set theory, intersection.

In lattice theory, logical conjunction (greatest lower bound).
Ctenarchis
Ctenarchis is a genus of moths of the family Carposinidae, containing only one species, Ctenarchis cramboides. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found in the North Island. It has been observed in the  Northland, Auckland, as well as in the Tararua regions. Adults have been observed or collected from December to March and in June and July as well as October. As at 2017 the larval host is currently unknown. Adults are attracted to light. It is classified as "At Risk, Naturally Uncommon" by the Department of Conservation.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Harry Kargman
Harry Kargman (born July 29, 1974) is an American entrepreneur. Kargman is founder and CEO of Kargo Global, Inc., a firm that manages mobile brand advertising for many media companies including CBS Interactive, Hearst, The Daily Mail, Meredith, Scripps, Target Corporation, T-Mobile, Vice, and Vox. Kargman holds numerous patents and is a member of Ad Council's Board of Directors.

Paramount Streaming
Paramount Streaming (formerly CBS Digital Media, CBS Interactive, and ViacomCBS Streaming) is a division of Paramount Skydance that oversees the company's video streaming technology and direct-to-consumer services; including Pluto TV and Paramount+. It was founded in 2005, and Tom Ryan is the company's president and CEO.
Barnette
Barnette is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elbridge Truman Barnette, (1863–1933) American adventurer

Lauren Barnette (born 1985), American pageant contestant

Michael C. Barnette (born 1971), American sea diver

Neema Barnette (born 1949), American director

Tony Barnette (born 1983), American baseball player

Neema Barnette
Neema Barnette is an American film director and producer, and the first African-American woman to direct a primetime sitcom. Barnette was the first African-American woman to get a three-picture deal with Sony Pictures. Since then, she accumulated a number of awards, including a Peabody, an Emmy and an NAACP Image Award.
Venus Engine
The Venus Engine is an image-processing engine for digital cameras. It was developed by the company Panasonic. Almost all of their Lumix cameras use a version of the Venus Engine. It is based on the Panasonic MN103/MN103S.

All image processors operate in four steps. Firstly, they receive data from the CCD sensor. Secondly, they create the Y-color difference signal (image processing). Thirdly, they perform JPEG compression. Finally, they save the image data. Panasonic claims that its VENUS II processing engine performs all of these simultaneously.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Purab Ki Awaaz
Purab ki Awaz is an Indian Historical drama film directed by Chandra Mudoi and produced by Loknath Deka. the film features Urmila Mahanta, Nipon Goswami, Debashis Borthakur, Rina Bora and others. this film release in All India on 10 March and will be releasing soon in Assam in August 2017.

Loknath
C. H. Loknath (14 August 1927 – 31 December 2018) was an Indian actor who made more than 1000 Kannada plays and 650 films. Loknath is affectionately known as "Uncle Loknath" or "Uppinakayi"  in the industry. His last performance was in a Star Suvarna Channel's TV series titled Priyadarshini.
Gerardo Ribeiro
Gerardo Ribeiro (born 1950, Oporto, Portugal) is a violinist who serves on the faculty of the Bienen School of Music at Northwestern University. He studied at the Juilliard School of Music under Ivan Galamian. He previously taught at Central Michigan University, Florida State University, and the University of Rochester's Eastman School of Music. In 2001, Ribeiro received a Recognition Award by the Presidential Scholars Program.

In 2000, he won the highest Civilian Title of "Comendador" from his native Portugal. He serves on the faculty of the Meadowmount School of Music, and in January 2006 was invited to the Australian String Academy Summer School, held in Sydney. Ribeiro is a chamber music coach and appears for performance classes at the Midwest Young Artists pre-college music conservatory in Fort Sheridan, Illinois.

Ivan Galamian
Ivan Alexander Galamian (Armenian: Իվան Ղալամեան; February 5 [O.S. January 23] 1903 – April 14, 1981) was an Armenian-American violin teacher of the twentieth century who was the violin teacher of many seminal violin players including Itzhak Perlman and Kyung Wha Chung.
Bang Rak Soi 9
Bang rak soi 9 (Thai: บางรักซอย 9; lit. 'the 9th soi of Bang Rak District') is a Thai sitcom that ran for eleven seasons between 2003 and 2012. The show was produced by The One Enterprise PLC., directed by Phongsak Chimcharoen and starring by Saksit Tangtong and Phiyada Akkraseranee. The show is about Chadjen, an architect who came to work in Bangkok and rented a house from Pang. It started with tumult of their houses, and relationship of Chadjen and Pang slowly grew. The show was first aired on 4 April 2003 until 5 May 2012. The show also became a stage-play of "Before Bang rak soi 9 on stage" (ก่อนจะถึง บางรักซอย 9 on stage). The last airing was on 5 May 2012 as "It has come to saturation point"

Bang Rak district
Bang Rak (Thai: บางรัก, pronounced [bāːŋ rák]) is one of the fifty districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It lies on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya River, beyond Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem, which marked the old city boundary. Originating from riverside settlements dating from before the city's foundation, Bang Rak grew inland as new roads and canals were constructed through the area during the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth, attracting communities of expatriates and developing into a major commercial district.

Bangkok's rapid economic growth in the late twentieth century saw the areas along Si Lom and Sathon roads transformed into one of the city's main business districts, teeming with skyscrapers. The district, officially recognised at least since 1908, covers an area of 5.54 square kilometres (2.14 sq mi), and has a registered population of 48,227 (as of 2019).
Checkendon
Checkendon is a village and civil parish about 6 miles (10 km) west of Henley-on-Thames in South Oxfordshire and about 9 miles (14 km) north west of Reading in Berkshire on a mid-height swathe of the Chilterns.

Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
The Feast of Saints Peter and Paul or Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul is a liturgical feast in honor of the martyrdom in Rome of the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul, which is observed on 29 June. The celebration is of ancient Christian origin, the date selected being the anniversary of either their death or the translation of their relics.
Pınarbaşı, Çelikhan
Pınarbaşı (Kurdish: Bulam) is a town (belde) and municipality in the Çelikhan District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The town is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 3,193 in 2021.

The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Aktaş, Balıkburnu, Cami, Çamlıyayla, Hacılar, İnönü, Kaya and Kurudere.

The town was impacted by the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake on 6 February, including ten mortalities. Subsequently, an aftershock (Mw 4.2) with an epicenter located in the town hit on 11 February.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Pycnocomon
Pycnocomon is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae. They were formerly placed in the defunct family of Dipsacaceae.

It is native to the Mediterranean and found in the countries of Algeria, Corsica, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain and Tunisia.

It was first published in Fl. Portug. vol.2 on page 93 in 1820.

It was included in genus Scabiosa L. for a long time but molecular data demonstrated that genera Pycnocomon and Lomelosia (another Scabiosa-like genus) form a clade distinct from Scabiosa.

In 2017, a new species from the family Eriophyidae, the gall mites, Aceria pycnocomi was found on Pycnocomon rutifolium in Spain.

Pycnocomon rutifolium in Spain was screened for Anticancer activity in 2021.

Eriophyidae
Eriophyidae is a family of more than 200 genera of mites, which live as plant parasites, commonly causing galls or other damage to the plant tissues and hence known as gall mites. About 3,600 species have been described, but this is probably less than 10% of the actual number existing in this poorly researched family. They are microscopic mites and are yellow to pinkish white to purplish in color. The mites are worm like, and have only two pairs of legs. Their primary method of population spread is by wind. They affect a wide range of plants, and several are major pest species causing substantial economic damage to crops. Some species, however, are used as biological agents to control weeds and invasive plant species.
Pedicularis sudetica
Pedicularis sudetica, common names of which are fernweed, Sudeten lousewort, Sedetic lousewort, and Sudetic lousewort is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae which is native to Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, and northern Russia to the Urals, but can now be found in such US states as Alaska, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Canada since it was introduced there. The plant is both  perennial and bisexual. It grows 0.3 m (1 ft 0 in) high with the flowers being hermaphrodite.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.