hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osaka Monorail
The Osaka Monorail is a straddle-beam, Alweg-type monorail system in northern Osaka Prefecture, Japan, operated by Osaka Monorail Co., Ltd. At 28 kilometres (17 mi) long, it is the longest monorail system in Japan. Its mainline forms an arc through the northern and eastern suburbs of Osaka, and is the only rail transit link to Itami Airport. It also links the three campuses of Osaka University.

IC cards can be used on the Osaka Monorail, including Suica, Pasmo, PiTaPa and ICOCA.

Suica
Suica (Japanese: スイカ, romanized: Suika) is a prepaid, rechargeable, contactless smart card and electronic money system used as a fare card on train lines and other public transport systems in Japan, launched on November 18, 2001 by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The card can be used across the nation as part of Japan's Nationwide Mutual Usage Service, including support on virtually any train, tramway, or bus system in the Greater Tokyo Area. The card is also widely used as electronic money for purchases at stores and kiosks, especially at convenience stores, chain restaurants, and shops within train stations.

Three years after launch, as of October 2004, over 10 million Suica had been sold. In 2018, JR East reported that Suica was used for 6.6 million daily transactions. As of October 2023, a total of 95.64 million Suica (including Mobile Suica) have been issued, and 1.63 million stores accept payment via Suica's digital currency.
Theodore, Australian Capital Territory
Theodore is a suburb in the Canberra, Australia district of Tuggeranong. The suburb is named after Edward Granville Theodore (1884–1950), a Queensland premier and deputy Prime Minister. It was gazetted on 5 August 1975. Streets are named after people involved with the civilian war effort during the world wars. The main street through the suburb is named after Sir Lawrence Wackett KBE, DFC, AFC, who is widely regarded as the "father of the Australian aircraft industry".

At the 2021 census, Theodore had a population of 3,798.

It is next to the suburbs of Conder and Calwell. It is bounded by the Monaro Highway and Tharwa drive. Located in the suburb is Theodore Primary School and a neighbourhood oval. It borders on Tuggeranong Hill and the Canberra Nature Park of Tuggeranong Hill nature reserve.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
Hiroyuki Tani
Hiroyuki Tani (谷 博之, Tani Hiroyuki, born July 6, 1943) is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Tokushima, Tokushima and graduate of Utsunomiya University, he had served in the city assembly of Utsunomiya, Tochigi for two terms since 1979 and then in the assembly of Tochigi Prefecture for four terms since 1987. He was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2001.

Utsunomiya
Utsunomiya (宇都宮市, Utsunomiya-shi; [ɯt͡sɯnomija] ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 513,584, and a population density of 1,232 persons per square kilometre (3,190/sq mi). The total area of the city is 416.85 km2 (160.95 sq mi). Utsunomiya is famous for its gyoza (pan fried dumplings). There are more than two hundred gyoza restaurants in Utsunomiya.

Greater Utsunomiya (宇都宮都市圏, Utsunomiya Toshi-ken) had a population of 888,005 in the 2000 census. The nearby city of Oyama is included in Greater Tokyo, but Greater Utsunomiya is not, despite the two areas amalgamating somewhat. It is the 10th most populated city in the Kantō region.
Cagayan Sulu
Cagayan Sulu can refer to:

Mapun, an island in the southern Sulu Sea in Tawi-Tawi Province. Formerly known as "Cagayan de Sulu" and "Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi".

Cagayancillo, an island located in the northern Sulu Sea in Palawan Province and part of the Cagayan Islands. Formerly known simply as "Cagayan"

Cagayancillo
Cagayancillo, officially the Municipality of Cagayancillo (Tagalog: Bayan ng Cagayancillo),  is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 7,164 people.

Located between the islands of Palawan and Negros in the Sulu Sea, Cagayancillo is the closest settlement to the Tubbataha National Marine Park. The word Cagayancillo is Spanish meaning "Little Cagayan".
Sunnydale, Cape Town
Sunnydale is a suburb in Cape Town under the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. According to the 2011 census, Sunnydale had a population of 7,012.

2011 South African census
The South African National Census of 2011 is the 3rd comprehensive census performed by Statistics South Africa.

The 2011 census was the first census to include geo-referencing for every individual dwelling in South Africa.
Norman MacPhee
Norman MacPhee (born July 9, 1943) is a Canadian politician and businessman. He represented Crapaud-Hazel Grove in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1996 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative.

MacPhee was born in 1943 in Long Creek, Prince Edward Island. He married Elaine Carver. MacPhee received his third-class Stationary Engineer at the Provincial Vocational Institute, and has operated his own plumbing and heating business since 1975.

MacPhee entered provincial politics in the 1996 election, defeating Liberal candidate Eric MacArthur by 137 votes in the new Crapaud-Hazel Grove riding. He was re-elected in the 2000 election. MacPhee was defeated when he ran for re-election in 2003, losing to Liberal Carolyn Bertram by 146 votes.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Emanuel School
Emanuel School is a private, co-educational day school in Battersea, south-west London. The school was founded in 1594 by Anne Sackville, Lady Dacre and Queen Elizabeth I and today occupies a 12-acre (4.9 ha) site close to Clapham Junction railway station.

The school is part of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and at the start of the 2022-23 academic year had 1081 pupils between the ages of ten and eighteen, paying fees of £7,687 per term. It teaches the GCSE and A-Level syllabuses.

Clapham Junction (area)
Clapham Junction is a district in the London Borough of Wandsworth, in south-west London, England; it is an urban locality around Clapham Junction railway station. Despite its name, it is not located in Clapham, but forms the commercial centre of Battersea. It was named Clapham Junction to stress its proximity to nearby Clapham Common.
Denver Botanic Gardens
The Denver Botanic Gardens is a public botanical garden located in the Cheesman Park neighborhood of Denver, Colorado. The 23-acre (93,000 m2) park contains a conservatory, a variety of theme gardens and a sunken amphitheater, which hosts various concerts in the summer.

Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.
Battle of Manila (1896)
The Battle of Manila (Filipino: Labanan sa Maynila; Spanish: Batalla de Manila) occurred in Manila in the Spanish colony of the Philippines during the Philippine Revolution. Katipunan under Andres Bonifacio attempted to take the city but the attempt failed, and Bonifacio retreated to the city's outskirts. The Battle of San Juan del Monte was joined a day later when Bonifacio attempted to capture the San Juan's powder magazine, but this too failed.

Gunpowder magazine
A gunpowder magazine is a building designed to store the explosive gunpowder in wooden barrels for safety. Gunpowder, until largely superseded, was a universal explosive used in the military and for civil engineering: both applications required storage magazines. Most magazines were purely functional and tended to be in remote and secure locations. They are the successor to the earlier powder towers and powder houses.
Aztec script
The Aztec or Nahuatl script is a pre-Columbian writing system that combines ideographic writing with Nahuatl specific phonetic logograms and syllabic signs which was used in central Mexico by the Nahua people in the Epiclassic and Post-classic periods. It was originally thought that its use was reserved for elites; however, the topographical codices and early colonial catechisms, recently deciphered, were used by tlacuilos (scribes), macehuallis (peasants), and pochtecas (merchants).

Mesoamerican chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Pre-classic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present).

The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region.
Rhos-y-garth
Rhos-y-garth is a hamlet in the  community of Llanilar, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 68.7 miles (110.6 km) from Cardiff and 174.7 miles (281.1 km) from London. Rhos-y-garth is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Ceredigion Preseli
Ceredigion Preseli is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament, first contested at the 2024 general election following the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies. It is currently represented by Ben Lake of Plaid Cymru, who represented the predecessor constituency of Ceredigion from 2017 to 2024.
Rewriting
In mathematics, linguistics, computer science, and logic, rewriting covers a wide range of methods of replacing subterms of a formula with other terms. Such methods may be achieved by rewriting systems (also known as rewrite systems, rewrite engines, or reduction systems). In their most basic form, they consist of a set of objects, plus relations on how to transform those objects.

Rewriting can be non-deterministic. One rule to rewrite a term could be applied in many different ways to that term, or more than one rule could be applicable. Rewriting systems then do not provide an algorithm for changing one term to another, but a set of possible rule applications. When combined with an appropriate algorithm, however, rewrite systems can be viewed as computer programs, and several theorem provers and declarative programming languages are based on term rewriting.

Jan Willem Klop
Jan Willem Klop (19 December 1945 – 28 September 2025) was a Dutch mathematician who was professor of applied logic at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. He held a Ph.D. in mathematical logic from Utrecht University. Klop is known for his work on the algebra of communicating processes, co-author of TeReSe and his fixed point combinator

Yk = (L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L)

where

L = λabcdefghijklmnopqstuvwxyzr. (r (t h i s i s a f i x e d p o i n t c o m b i n a t o r))

Klop became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003. He died on 28 September 2025, at the age of 79.
Chimney Rock National Historic Site
Chimney Rock is a prominent geological rock formation in Morrill County in western Nebraska. Rising over 300 feet (91 m) above the surrounding North Platte River valley, the peak of Chimney Rock is 4,228 feet (1,289 m) above sea level. The formation served as a landmark along the Oregon Trail, the California Trail, and the Mormon Trail during the mid-19th century. The trails ran along the north side of the rock, which remains a visible landmark for modern travelers along U.S. Route 26 and Nebraska Highway 92. Chimney Rock National Historic Site was designated in 1956 and is an affiliated area of the National Park Service, operated by History Nebraska. Chimney Rock was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
Georg Herman Krohn
Georg Herman Krohn (16 August 1831 – 15 May 1870) was a Norwegian actor.

He was born in Bergen. He made his debut at Det Norske Theater in 1856, and later worked at Christiania Norske Theater and Christiania Theater.

He was the father-in-law of William Duborgh and Bertram Dybwad.

Christiania Norwegian Theatre
The Christiania Norwegian Theatre (Norwegian: Kristiania norske Theater) was founded in 1852 under the name Norwegian Dramatic School. The initiative came from lieutenant engineer Johannes Benedictus Klingenberg (1817–1882) after he had  been disappointed by the un-Norwegian repertoire selection and had visited the Norwegian Theatre in Bergen. In 1854, the drama school was made into a performing arts theater.

Henrik Ibsen, then associated with the Norwegian Theatre in Bergen, where he was stage director, was called in to become the first artistic director of the Christiania Norwegian Theater. Ibsen took over the responsibility for the new theater operations from autumn 1857, serving as theater director until it went bankrupt, in the summer of 1862. The Christian Norwegian Theatre and the Christiania Theatre were officially merged on 15 July 1863.
JACDEC
Jet Airliner Crash Data Evaluation Centre (JACDEC) is a company that provides commercial aviation safety analysis.

The company promotes the ‘JACDEC Safety Index’, a rating system developed from the company's proprietary database. The JACDEC Centre also monitors current safety occurrences and provides updates on airline safety issues on several social networks.

The ratings take into account the number and fatality rate of the hull losses (destroyed aircraft) they have suffered in the past 30 years, more recent safety data, and number of flights flown without incident. These results, however, do not take into account the cause of the hull losses or whether the airline is at fault.

Rating system
A rating system can be any kind of rating applied to a certain application domain. They are often created using a rating scale.

Examples include:

Motion picture content rating system
Motion Picture Association film rating system
Canadian motion picture rating system

Television content rating system

Video game content rating system

DC Comics rating system

Marvel Comics rating system

Elo rating system

Glicko rating system

Chess rating system

Rating system of the Royal Navy

Star rating

Sports rating system

Wine rating

Texas Education Agency accountability ratings system
Aanchal Kumar
Anchal Kumar is an Indian actress, super-model, influencer, and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest and represented India at Miss Intercontinental 1999. She has also acted in Bollywood films Fashion and Bluffmaster!.

Baazi Kiski
Baazi Kiski is an Indian game show which premiered on Zee Tv on 2 September 2001. The game show is hosted by actor Ashutosh Rana, and involves a gender-war between men and women for a total cash prize of 21,000 rupees per contestant. The show replaced Zee TV's game show Sawaal Dus Crore Ka, which did not meet audiences expectations.
2008 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles
The defending champions lost separately in the first round. Sania Mirza partnered with Anna Chakvetadze and lost to Eva Hrdinová and Vladimíra Uhlířová. Shahar Pe'er teamed with Gisela Dulko to lose to Ayumi Morita and Ai Sugiyama.

Cara Black and Liezel Huber won the final 6–4, 6–3, over Elena Vesnina and Vera Zvonareva.

Anna Chakvetadze
Anna Djambuliovna Chakvetadze (Анна Джамбулиевна Чакветадзе listenⓘ; born 5 March 1987) is a Russian former professional tennis player.

In her career, Chakvetadze won eight WTA Tour singles titles. She reached her highest singles ranking of world No. 5 in September 2007, after reaching the US Open semifinals. She also made the quarterfinals of the Australian Open and French Open that same year. She announced her retirement on 11 September 2013, due to a persisting back injury. She is currently a commentator on the Eurosport channel.
Dennis Drainville
Dennis Paul Drainville (born February 20, 1954) is a Canadian retired bishop, educator and politician. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to 1993; later taught humanities and history for 12 years at the Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Îles and was the Anglican Bishop of the Diocese of Quebec from 2009 to 2017. He was the Green Party of Canada candidate in Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine for the 2019 Canadian federal election.

Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Îles
Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Îles is a bilingual college of general and vocational education (known by the French acronym CEGEP), with an English section, in Gaspé, Quebec, Canada. The CEGEP is affiliated with the ACCC, and CCAA.
Vadim Tarasov
Vadim Gennadievich Tarasov (Russian: Вадим Геннадьевич Тарасов; born December 31, 1976) is a retired Kazakhstani-Russian professional ice hockey goaltender.

Tarasov was drafted 196th overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft and after two seasons with Metallurg Novokuznetsk he signed a contract in 2001 and was assigned to their AHL affiliate the Quebec Citadelles, but played in only 14 regular season games and returned to Russia the next season, re-joining Metallurg Novokuznetsk.  He remained with the team until 2006 where he signed for Salavat Yulaev Ufa.

His son, Daniil, is a professional ice hockey goaltender who was drafted 86th overall by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the third round of the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, and currently with the Florida Panthers.

2017 NHL entry draft
The 2017 NHL entry draft was the 55th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 23–24, 2017, at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois. The first three selections were Nico Hischier by the New Jersey Devils, Nolan Patrick by the Philadelphia Flyers, and Miro Heiskanen by the Dallas Stars.

As of 2025 there are 61 active NHL players from this draft.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema (USA), lymphœdema (UK) also known as lymphatic edema (US)/œdema (UK), is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. The lymphatic system functions as a critical portion of the body's immune system and returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

Lymphedema is most frequently a complication of cancer treatment or parasitic infections, but it can also be seen in a number of genetic disorders. Tissues with lymphedema are at high risk of infection because the lymphatic system has been compromised.

Though incurable and progressive, a number of treatments may improve symptoms. This commonly includes compression therapy, good skin care, exercise, and manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), which together are known as combined decongestive therapy. Diuretics are not useful.

Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome
Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome, formerly Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome and sometimes angioosteohypertrophy syndrome and hemangiectatic hypertrophy, is a rare congenital medical condition in which blood vessels and/or lymph vessels fail to form properly. The three main features are nevus flammeus (port-wine stain), venous and lymphatic malformations, and soft-tissue hypertrophy of the affected limb. It is similar to, though distinct from, the less common Parkes Weber syndrome.

The classical triad of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome consists of:

vascular malformations of the capillary, venous and lymphatic vessels;

varicosities of unusual distribution, particularly the lateral venous anomaly; and

unilateral soft and skeletal tissue hypertrophy, usually the lower extremity.

It belongs to the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum of diseases which are caused by mutations in the PIK3CA gene.
Arthroleptis taeniatus
Arthroleptis taeniatus is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is found in southern Cameroon, south-western Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko), Gabon, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, and probably the Republic of the Congo.
Its natural habitats are shallow marshes in forest. It can be locally threatened by habitat loss. It is common in parts of its range (i.e., Cameroon).

Arthroleptidae
The Arthroleptidae /ˌɑːrθroʊˈlɛptɪdiː/ are a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa. This group includes African treefrogs in the genus Leptopelis along with the terrestrial breeding squeakers Arthroleptis, and several genera restricted to the Guinean forests of central and west Africa, such as the hairy frog (Trichobatrachus).