hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
WIYN Observatory
The WIYN Observatory is owned and operated by the WIYN Consortium. Its 3.5-meter telescope is the second largest optical telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona. Most of the capital costs for the observatory were provided by the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Indiana University, and Yale University, while the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) provides most of the operating services. The NOAO is an institution of the United States; it is the national optical observatory program and supports a collection of ground-based telescopes at Kitt Peak (where WIYN is located) as well as other locations.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Walnut pie
Walnut pie is a pie prepared with walnuts as a primary ingredient. Whole or chopped walnuts may be used, or both, and toasted walnuts may be used. It may be prepared as a cream pie, and may include maple syrup, molasses, and cinnamon as ingredients. It may be prepared with a sweet filling base prepared with corn syrup, sugar, and eggs, similar to pecan pie filling. Chocolate and honey may also be used. Walnut pie may be prepared using fruits, such as raisins, figs, plums, and cranberries, among others. Walnut pie may be served at room temperature or warmed. It may be topped with whipped cream or served à la Mode.

Pie à la Mode
Pie à la Mode (literally "pie in the current fashion" or "fashionable pie") is pie served with ice cream. The French culinary phrase à la mode used in the name of this American dessert is also encountered in other dishes such as boeuf à la mode (beef à la mode).
Rādhān
Rādhān (or al-Rādhān, Arabic: راذان) was a region in south central Mesopotamia (Iraq) in the early Middle Ages. It was an administrative district under the ʿAbbāsids and also a diocese of the Church of the East. It is also known to have had a Jewish population and was probably the country of origin of the Rādhānite merchants. The name, however, does not appear in any Hebrew texts.

The exact location of Rādhān is not certain, but it was not far from Baghdad. It may have been roughly the same as the area known since the later Middle Ages as the Sawād, a fertile territory southeast of Baghdad on the eastern bank of the Tigris. Other authorities place it north of Baghdad, still east of the Tigris or further south of Baghdad and west of the Tigris in the region of Maishan.

Cities that have been located in Rādhān include al-Madāʾin (ancient Seleucia-Ctesiphon), Dastagird, Baʿqūbā, Nahrwān, ʿUkbarā and Kilwādhā (now the eastern part of Baghdad).

Ukbara
Ukbara (Arabic: عكبرا) was a medieval city in Iraq. It was located on the left bank of the Tigris between Samarra and Baghdad. The Tigris has changed course since, and its ruins now lie some distance from the river.
Bénigne Gagneraux
Bénigne Gagneraux (1756 at Dijon – 1795), was first instructed in the school at Dijon under François Devosge, from whence he proceeded to Rome, where he acquired a reputation by his picture of the Meeting of Gustavus III. of Sweden with Pope Pius VI., which is now in the King's Palace at Stockholm. In the Dijon Museum are pictures of Soranus and Servilius, Battle of Senef, Passage of the Rhine by the French Army under Condé, a Bacchanal, a Cavalry Charge, and a Triumph of Neptune. Owing to the disturbances in Rome he quit that city, and retired to Florence, where he died in 1795. In the Uffizi at Florence are his own portrait, a Battle Scene, and a Lion Hunt.

Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.
Hirschdale, California
Hirschdale is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, California. It lies at an elevation of 5446 feet (1660 m). Hirschdale is located 6.25 miles (10.1 km) east-northeast of Truckee.  Hirschdale began in 1926 as a stop on US 40, built by Jonas Hirsch; it was originally a recreational community with a tavern and several rental vacation cabins along the Truckee River.

Nevada County, California
Nevada County (/nɪˈvædə/ ⓘ niv-AD-ə; Nevada, Spanish for "Snowy") is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 102,241. The county seat is Nevada City. Nevada County comprises the Truckee-Grass Valley micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Sacramento-Roseville combined statistical area, part of the Mother Lode Country.
Borgie
Borgie (Scottish Gaelic: Borghaidh) is a hamlet in Sutherland, Highland, Scotland. Historically it was part of the 12,600-acre (5,100-hectare) Tongue estate with shooting rights, and it contains the Borgie Lodge, now a bed and breakfast. Borgie is noted for its salmon, which are caught in the nearby River Borgie.

The hamlet was affected by the Highland Clearances, the cleared crofting village being resettled in the early 20th century.

Crofting
Crofting (Scottish Gaelic: croitearachd) is a form of land tenure and small-scale food production peculiar to the Scottish Highlands, the islands of Scotland, and formerly on the Isle of Man. Within the 19th-century townships, individual crofts were established on the better land, and a large area of poorer-quality hill ground was shared by all the crofters of the township for grazing of their livestock. In the 21st century, crofting is found predominantly in the rural Western and Northern Isles and in the coastal fringes of the western and northern Scottish mainland.
KWMU
KWMU (90.7 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to St. Louis, Missouri, United States.  It airs a public radio format of news, talk and information as an NPR member.  KWMU is operated by St. Louis Public Radio (STLPR), with its license held by the Curators of the University of Missouri System.  The studios are on the campus of the University of Missouri–St. Louis  on Olive Street in Grand Center near the campus of Saint Louis University.

KWMU's transmitter is on Trianon Parkway Drive in Shrewsbury.  In addition to a standard analog transmission, KWMU broadcasts in HD Radio: the HD2 digital subchannel carries a jazz format, while the HD3 subchannel plays classical music. STLPR also broadcasts on KMST (88.5 FM)  in Rolla, Missouri, and WQUB (90.3 FM) in Quincy, Illinois.

Analog transmission
Analog transmission is a transmission method of conveying information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that information. It could be the transfer of an analog signal, using an analog modulation method such as frequency modulation (FM) or amplitude modulation (AM), or no modulation at all.

Some textbooks also consider passband data transmission using a digital modulation method such as ASK, PSK and QAM, i.e. a sinewave modulated by a digital bit-stream, as analog transmission and as an analog signal. Others define that as digital transmission and as a digital signal. Baseband data transmission using line codes, resulting in a pulse train, are always considered as digital transmission, although the source signal may be a digitized analog signal.
Cogmanskloof Pass
Cogmanskloof Pass is a mountain pass in Western Cape, South Africa, on the R62 provincial road over the Langeberg between Ashton in the Boland and Montagu in the Little Karoo. The pass was built by Thomas Charles John Bain and completed in 1877 as one of the first routes inland through that mountain range.

Ashton, South Africa
Ashton is a small town in the Western Cape in South Africa. The town is at the foot of the Langeberg mountain range, 10 km southwest of Montagu and 19 km east-southeast of Robertson. It is situated in a  valley known for production of wines and fruit.

Ashton is known for its canning factory, which has faced economic challenges in recent years. Ashton is also home to various tourist attractions, including vineyards and the Ashton Steam Locomotive.
Max Black
Max Black (February 24, 1909–August 27, 1988) was a Russian-born British-American philosopher who was a leading figure in analytic philosophy in the years after World War II. He made contributions to the philosophy of language, the philosophy of mathematics and science, and the philosophy of art, also publishing studies of the work of philosophers such as Frege. His translation (with Peter Geach) of Frege's published philosophical writing is a classic text.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Canada Prep Academy
Canada Prep Academy, formerly Canada Prep Football Academy, is a private, all-boys preparatory school located in St Catharines, Ontario, Canada. They play a full season of American football exclusively against US high schools.

The school has an enrollment of about 30 students, including grade 11, 12 and postgrad (PG) students. Students come from across Canada, including Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. A number of international students from the United Kingdom, United States and Brazil were enrolled. Most students board on campus. There are five teachers and three coaches, some of whom live on campus and act as residential supervisors.

University of North Dakota
The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".
Deirdre Bolger
Deirdre Bolger (born 27 July 1938) is a former Irish Fine Gael politician. She was elected to Seanad Éireann on the Industrial and Commercial Panel in 1981 and was re-elected in 1982. In the 1985 local elections, she was elected to Wexford County Council for the Gorey area and served until 2004.

1985 Irish local elections
The 1985 Irish local elections were held in all the local government areas on Thursday, 20 June 1985.

There were two tiers of local government areas. The state was divided into local government areas of administrative counties and county boroughs under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. Within administrative counties, there was a second tier in certain areas of boroughs governed by the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 and the 1898 Act, urban districts governed by the 1898 Act, and towns with town commissioners governed by the Towns Improvement (Ireland) Act 1854.

The elections had been postponed from June 1984. This allowed for the enactment of reforms under the Local Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985. Each local government area was divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) to be elected on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Teata Semiz
Anthony "Teata" Semiz (April 16, 1934 – November 23, 2021) was an American professional bowler who participated on the PBA Tour and PBA Senior Tour. He was inducted into the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) Hall of Fame (Performance category) in 1991, and the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) Hall of Fame (Veterans/Senior category) in 1998.

A resident of River Edge, New Jersey, Semiz started bowling at the age of 13 in Bergenfield, New Jersey. He became a PBA member in 1960, but did not start bowling regularly on the PBA Tour until 1968.

River Edge, New Jersey
River Edge is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 12,049, an increase of 709 (+6.3%) from the 2010 census count of 11,340, which in turn reflected an increase of 394 (+3.6%) from the 10,946 counted in the 2000 census.

The community was originally incorporated as the borough of Riverside by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 30, 1894, from portions of Midland Township, based on the results of a referendum held the previous day. On December 1, 1930, the borough's name was changed to River Edge. The borough was formed during the "Boroughitis" phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, in which 26 boroughs were formed in the county in 1894 alone. The borough was named for its location along the Hackensack River.
T2 Tunnel (Greece)
The T2 Tunnel (Greek: Σήραγγα Τ2), officially Marinos Antypas–Rigas Feraios Tunnel (Greek: Σήραγγα Μαρίνου Αντύπα–Ρήγα Φεραίου) is a 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) highway twin tunnel on the A1 motorway in Greece. It is the longest road tunnel in South-east Europe. It was built for the motorway to bypass the Vale of Tempe, which was traversed by the very narrow and dangerous Greek National Road 1.

Construction of the T2 Tunnel began in August 2008, along with a 25-kilometre (16 mi) section of the motorway, but both projects were slowed in 2010–11 by the country's economic crisis. Construction resumed in 2014 and was completed in April 2017, along with the Evangelismos-Skotina section of the motorway.

Vale of Tempe
The Vale of Tempe or Tembi (/ˈtɛmpi/; Greek: Τέμπη, Κοιλάδα των Τεμπών; Ancient Greek: Τέμπεα, Τέμπη) is a gorge in the Tempi municipality of northern Thessaly, Greece, located between Olympus to the north and Ossa to the south, and between the regions of Thessaly and Macedonia.

In the Greek municipality of Tempi, the valley is ten kilometers long and as narrow as 25 metres in places, with cliffs nearly 500 metres high. Through it flows the Pineios River on its way to the Aegean Sea. Historically the gorge has provided a strategic route through the mountains and its impressive rugged beauty is poetically renowned.
National Center for Preservation Technology and Training
The National Center for Preservation Technology and Training (NCPTT) was a research, technology, and training center of the U.S. National Park Service located on the campus of Northwestern State University.  Since its founding in 1994, NCPTT awarded over $9 million in grants for research that fulfilled its mission of advancing the use of science and technology in the field of historic preservation. NCPTT undertook research at its in-house laboratories at Lee H. Nelson Hall in Natchitoches, Louisiana. Working in the fields of archeology, architecture, landscape architecture and materials conservation, the NCPTT once trained education, research, technology transfer and partnerships.

Natchitoches, Louisiana
Natchitoches (/ˈnækətɪʃ/ ⓘ NAK-ə-tish; French: Les Natchitoches, [le nakitɔʃ]) is a city in and the parish seat of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 18,039 at the 2020 census. Established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis as part of French Louisiana, the community was named after the indigenous Natchitoches people. The city was incorporated on February 5, 1819, and is the oldest permanent settlement in the land acquired by the Louisiana Purchase. Natchitoches is home to Northwestern State University of Louisiana. Its sister city is Nacogdoches, Texas.
You Will Eventually Be Forgotten
You Will Eventually Be Forgotten is the second and final studio album by American emo band Empire! Empire! (I Was a Lonely Estate), released on August 19, 2014, on Count Your Lucky Stars Records and Topshelf Records.  Pre-orders began on July 22, 2014, through the Count Your Lucky Stars store and the Topshelf Records store. The band has made "A Keepsake" and "If It's Bad News, It Can Wait" available for streaming ahead of the release date.
Mineral's Chris Simpson and Braid's Bob Nanna have made guest appearances on the LP.

Mineral (band)
Mineral was an American emo band founded in Houston, Texas and originating in Austin that was primarily active in the late 1990s. Despite being initially active for less than five years and releasing only two albums, Mineral is considered among the seminal bands in the emo genre. Its first album, The Power of Failing, has received critical acclaim as a "classic" in the genre.
Sønsterud
Sønsterud is a village in Åsnes Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the southeast of the village of Gjesåsen, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northeast of the village of Kjellmyra, and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the northeast of the village of Flisa. The river Flisa runs just southeast of the village of Sønsterud.

The 0.36-square-kilometre (89-acre) village had a population (2020) of 229 and a population density of 636 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,650/sq mi). Since 2020, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Statistics Norway
Statistics Norway (Norwegian: Statistisk sentralbyrå, abbreviated to SSB) is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.

With a staff of approximately 1,000, it publishes around 1,000 new statistical releases annually on its website in both Norwegian and English. Additionally, it offers a number of edited publications, all of which are available for free online.

As the central Norwegian office for official government statistics, Statistics Norway provides the public and government with extensive research and analysis activities. It is administratively placed under the Ministry of Finance but operates independently from all government agencies. Statistics Norway has a board appointed by the government. It relies extensively on data from registers, but are also collecting data from surveys and questionnaires, including from cities and municipalities.
Harringay Station
Harringay Station may refer one of two railway stations in Harringay, North London:

Harringay railway station - a north–south station off Wightman Road

Harringay Green Lanes railway station - an east–west station on Green Lanes

Harringay Green Lanes railway station
Harringay Green Lanes is a station on the Suffragette line of the London Overground in Harringay, north London. It is 4 miles 61 chains (7.7 km) from St Pancras (measured via Kentish Town and Mortimer Street Junction) and is situated between Crouch Hill and South Tottenham.
Trossö
Trossö is an island in Blekinge County, southern Sweden. It is situated within the Karlskrona archipelago. The main road, Osterleden (E22), connects the island to the mainland. The city of Karlskrona is spread over 30 islands, the main one being Trossö where the city center is located. Landmarks on Trossö include the Karlskrona Naval Base and Stortorget, the large town square situated in the centre of the island at its highest point. The two churches in the square, Trinity Church and Fredrik Church, were both designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, with features such as burnt orange stucco and colonnades made of grey stone. Trossö is included in Karlskrona's distinction as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Karlskrona Naval Base
The Karlskrona Naval Base (Swedish: Karlskrona örlogsbas) is the largest naval base of the Swedish Navy. Located in Blekinge in southern Sweden, the base has close ties with the city of Karlskrona. It has an exceptionally well-sheltered location: arcs of islands provide a strong defense not only from the sea but also from land attacks. Two of Sweden's three naval warfare flotillas are based there. It contains the Marinmuseum and the Ropewalk, the longest wooden building in the country.
Australian Charbray
The Australian Charbray (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) is an Australian breed of cattle derived from a cross between the French Charolais cattle and American Brahman cattle. The charbray breed was first conceived in the United States of America in the 1930s and later introduced into Australia in 1969. In Australia, Australian charbray breeders are concentrated in the tropical Northern regions of Queensland. As of 1977, the official breeder society of Charbray cattle in Australia and New Zealand is the Charbray Society of Australia Limited, responsible for recording Charbray cattle in herd books, fostering improvement, enhancement and sales of Charbray cattle.

Bull
A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species Bos taurus (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including bullfighting and bull riding.
Spring Hollow Township, Laclede County, Missouri
Spring Hollow Township is an inactive township in Laclede County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

Spring Hollow Township was established in 1874, taking its name from a valley of the same name within its borders.

Spring Hollow Creek
Spring Hollow Creek is a stream in Dallas and Laclede counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Niangua River.

The stream headwaters arise in Laclede County just north of the Burlington Northern Railroad and Interstate 44 about 2.5 miles northeast of Phillipsburg. The stream flows northwest
passing under Missouri Route 32 to enter Bennett Spring State Park where it gathers the waters of Bennett Spring, and enters the Niangua River.

The stream source area is at 37°35′08″N 92°45′46″W﻿ / ﻿37.58556°N 92.76278°W﻿ / 37.58556; -92.76278 and its confluence is at 37°44′02″N 92°51′39″W﻿ / ﻿37.73389°N 92.86083°W﻿ / 37.73389; -92.86083.

Spring Hollow Creek was named for the surrounding valley where springs occur.