hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Argyroxiphium grayanum
Argyroxiphium grayanum, commonly known as the greensword, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and a member of the silversword alliance, a group of over 50 species which are diverse in morphology and habitat but are genetically closely related.

The silversword alliance provides a convincing natural case study in evolution by adaptive radiation, with the greensword representing one extreme of the genus' plasticity. Some Argyroxiphium, including the well-known Haleakala and Mauna Kea silverswords, live in harsh alpine desert-like conditions of heat, sun, wind, and aridity, and are drought-adapted plants capable of storing water as a gel in leaf structures which are normally air pockets in other plants. However, A. grayanum is a bog plant adapted to very different conditions – excessive moisture, lack of regular sunlight, and cool temperatures, and its leaves are non-succulent like those of the related genus Dubautia.

Adaptive radiation
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches. Starting with a single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different morphological and physiological traits. The prototypical example of adaptive radiation is finch speciation on the Galapagos ("Darwin's finches"), but examples are known from around the world.
Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an award given by Indiantelevision.com as part of its annual Indian Telly Awards for TV serials, to recognize a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a Supporting Role.

The award was first awarded in 2004. Since 2010, the award has been separated in two categories, Jury Award and Popular Award. Jury award is given by the chosen jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting.

As of 2014, the original award is renamed to  the Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Drama) and an additional award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Comedy) has been introduced.

Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann
Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann (The wealth of the house - daughters) (also known as Betiyann) (International Title: Destiny) is a Hindi language television drama-series that aired on Zee TV. It premiered on 25 September 2006 and was directed by, Rajan Shahi. Show ended on 27 August 2009. Show was produced under the banner of Creative Eye Ltd.
North Queensland Young Guns
The North Queensland Young Guns were a rugby league team competing in the Queensland Cup. They acted as a feeder team for the North Queensland Cowboys. The Cowboys had previously entered reserve grade teams in the Australian Rugby League and Super League competitions. However, to prevent a drain on travelling expenses, the Cowboys applied to join the Queensland Cup for the 1998 season. Competing as the Townsville Stingers, the reserve grade team had some initial success before narrowly missing the finals. The team was excluded from the 1999 Queensland Cup season, and the Cowboys decided to enter their teams into the predominantly New South Wales-based First Division for the 2000 and 2001 seasons. Readmitted to the Queensland Cup in 2002, the Young Guns (as they were then known) would win the competition in 2005 with a 36–6 win against defending premiers Burleigh Bears in the grand final.

The Stingers/Young Guns record in the Queensland Cup is 67 wins, 5 draws and 38 losses.

Super League (Australia)
Super League was an Australian rugby league football administrative body that conducted professional competition in Australia and New Zealand for one season in 1997. Along with Super League of Europe, it was created by News Corporation during the Super League war which arose following an unsuccessful attempt to purchase the pay television rights to rugby league in Australia. After two years of legal battles the competition was played for a single season in 1997 alongside the rival Australian Rugby League (ARL) competition before the two merged in 1998 to form the National Rugby League (NRL).
Antonio Padovan
Antonio Padovan is an Italian-born film director, producer, screenwriter, and video artist who lives in Treviso, known for his short films Socks and Cakes (2010), Jack Attack (2013), Eveless (2016), his first feature, The Last Prosecco (2017), Il Grande Passo (2019) and Come Fratelli (2025). His video Japan, Beyond (2012) won the first prize at the Stand for Japan Awards, while Jack Attack was selected by more than fifty international film festivals and won dozens of awards and other honors. He was born and raised in the Veneto region, near Venice, but has called New York's West Village home since 2007, and is the co-founder of the Greenwich Village Film Festival.

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
Valentin Götzinger
Valentin Götzinger (born 12 December 2000) is an Austrian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team WSA KTM Graz p/b Leomo. In August 2020, he won the Austrian National Road Race Championships.

Austrian National Time Trial Championships
The Austrian National Time Trial Championships are held annually as part of the Austrian National Cycling Championships, they decide the best cyclists in this discipline in Austria, across various categories.

The winners of each event are awarded with a symbolic cycling jersey which is red and white, just like the national flag, these colours can be worn by the rider at other time trialling events in the country to show their status as national champion. The champion's stripes can be combined into a sponsored rider's team kit design for this purpose.
Dunka mig gul och blå
Dunka mig gul och blå (roughly "slap me yellow and blue", with a reference to the colours of the flag of Sweden) is a song written by Frida Muranius and Johan Nordlund. Recorded by Frida Muranius, it became a mid-2007 hit. topping the Swedish singles chart. Attention was also brought when the Sveriges Radio local station SR Kronoberg banned the song for associations to domestic violence.

Sveriges Radio
Sveriges Radio AB (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̌rjɛs ˈrɑ̌ːdɪʊ]; lit. 'Sweden's Radio'; SR), also called Swedish Radio in English, is Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcaster. Sveriges Radio is a public limited company, owned by an independent foundation, previously funded through a licensing fee, the level of which is decided by the Swedish Riksdag. As of 1 January 2019, the funds stem from standard taxation. No advertising is permitted. Its legal status could be described as that of a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization.
MacDonald–Todd House
The MacDonald–Todd House is an 1857 home in Hastings in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The Greek Revival-style house was built by A.W. MacDonald in the utopian town of Nininger when he relocated to Dakota County from New York. He came to become the managing editor of the Emigrant Aid Journal. The paper was owned by Lieutenant Governor Ignatius Donnelly, who also founded the community of Nininger. In 1866, the home was moved across the ice in the Mississippi River to its present location, by Irving Todd, who had bought it for $385.

Dakota County, Minnesota
Dakota County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Minnesota, located in the east central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 439,882. The population of Dakota County was estimated to be 453,156 in 2024. The county seat is Hastings. Dakota County is named for the Dakota Sioux tribal bands who inhabited the area. The name is recorded as "Dahkotah" in the United States Census records until 1851. Dakota County is included in the Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States with about 3.71 million residents. The largest city in Dakota County is the city of Lakeville, the ninth-largest city in Minnesota and fifth-largest Twin Cities suburb. The county is bordered by the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers on the north, and the state of Wisconsin on the east.
Esenevler, Tercan
Esenevler (Kurdish: Hemîpî) is a village in the Tercan District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Aşûran and Lolan tribes and had a population of 174 in 2021.

The hamlets of Çifteler and İbrahimağa are attached to the village.

Erzincan Province
Erzincan Province (Turkish: Erzincan ili; is province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. In Turkey, its capital is also called Erzincan. Its area is 11,815 km2, and its population is 239,223 (2022).
Calvo (staggered) contracts
A Calvo contract is the name given in macroeconomics to the pricing model that when a firm sets a nominal price there is a constant probability that a firm might be able to reset its price which is independent of the time since the price was last reset. The model was first put forward by Guillermo Calvo in his 1983 article "Staggered Prices in a Utility-Maximizing Framework".  The original article was written in a continuous time mathematical framework, but nowadays is mostly used in its discrete time version.  The Calvo model is the most common way to model nominal rigidity in new Keynesian DSGE macroeconomic models.

Real and nominal value
In economics, nominal value refers to value measured in terms of absolute money amounts, whereas real value is considered and measured against the actual goods or services for which it can be exchanged at a given time. Real value takes into account inflation and the value of an asset in relation to its purchasing power. In macroeconomics, the real gross domestic product compensates for inflation so economists can exclude inflation from growth figures, and see how much an economy actually grows. Nominal GDP would include inflation, and thus be higher.
Irina Slyusar
Irina Slyusar (Ukrainian: Ірина Слюсар; born 19 March 1963) is a Soviet Ukrainian former track and field sprinter. She represented the Soviet Union at the World Championships in Athletics in 1987 and 1991 – she was a relay bronze medallist on her debut, but was disqualified for doping on her second appearance. She was twice Soviet national champion in the 100 metres.

Slyusar was the Universiade 100 m champion in 1985 and won four further sprint medals at the competition in the following two years. She competed at the European Athletics Championships for the Soviet Union in 1986 (running the heats for their bronze medal-winning team) and also for Ukraine at the 1994 edition (helping the new nation to fourth in the relay with her twin sister Antonina Slyusar).

Ukrainian Athletics Championships
The Ukrainian Athletics Championships (Ukrainian: Чемпіонат України з легкої атлетики) is an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Ukrainian Athletic Federation, which serves as the national championship for the sport in Ukraine.

The event was first held in 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It replaced the Soviet Athletics Championships as the national event for athletes from Ukraine. Separate annual championships are held for certain track (relays, 10,000 metres) and field (throwing) disciplines, cross country running, road running and racewalking events. There is also a Ukrainian Indoor Athletics Championships.
Pancreatic disease
Pancreatic diseases are diseases that affect the pancreas, an organ in most vertebrates and in humans and other mammals located in the abdomen. The pancreas plays a role in the digestive and endocrine system, producing enzymes which aid the digestion process and the hormone insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. The most common pancreatic disease is pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas which could come in acute or chronic form. Other pancreatic diseases include diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, pseudocysts, cysts, congenital malformations, tumors including pancreatic cancer, and hemosuccus pancreaticus.

Pseudocyst
Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications caused by pseudocysts require surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used for initial imaging of cysts, and endoscopic ultrasounds are used in differentiating between cysts and pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage is a popular and effective method of treating pseudocysts.

This is not to be confused with the so-called "pseudocystic appearance", mainly radiographically, of other lesions, such as Stafne static bone cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws.
Oana Pantelimon
Oana Manuela Pantelimon, née Musunoiu (born 27 September 1972 in Tecuci) is a Romanian high jumper.

At the 2000 Olympic Games Pantelimon ended in third place, tied with Kajsa Bergqvist of Sweden. As the two athletes had an identical jumping record, with perfect attempts up to 1.99 where both had one foul, they shared the bronze medal. Pantelimon, who had no international honors before this competition, even jumped a personal best of 1.99 metres, improving her old mark by 5 centimetres.

Pantelimon did not win any further titles after the 2000 Olympics. She finished ninth at the 2001 World Championships, eighth at the 2002 European Indoor Championships, fourth at the 2002 European Championships, ninth at the 2003 World Indoor Championships, seventh at the 2004 Olympic Games and ninth at the 2005 European Indoor Championships. She also competed at the World Championships in 2003 and 2005 without qualifying for the final round. A 1.95 m jump from 2005 was her best post-2000 mark.

2005 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2005 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at the Palacio de Deportes in Madrid, the capital city of Spain, from Friday, 4 March to Sunday, 6 March 2005. This was the first edition to be held in an odd year since switching to the biennial format, so as not to occur in the same as the outdoor European Athletics Championships and also recently moved IAAF World Indoor Championships. To accommodate this change, there was a two-year gap since the previous edition. It also marked the last time that the 200 metres were contested at the event.

Russia finished on top of the medal table with 17 medals including 9 gold and a clear lead over Sweden and France. The host nation Spain lost only to Russia on the number of medals but won only one gold and finished fifth overall.
Viktor Onysko
Viktor Petrovych Onysko (Ukrainian: Віктор Петрович Онисько, 17 December 1982 – 30 December 2022) was a Ukrainian film editor and a serviceman of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, participating in the Russo-Ukrainian War.

The Rising Hawk
The Rising Hawk: Battle for the Carpathians (Ukrainian: «Захар Беркут», romanized: Zahar Berkut, also called Fall of a Kingdom in the United Kingdom) is a 2019 Ukrainian-American historical action film directed by John Wynn and co-directed by Akhtem Seitablayev. It is based on the historical fiction novella Zakhar Berkut by Ukrainian writer and poet Ivan Franko, taking place in the Carpathians during the 13th-century Mongol invasions. The film premiered on October 10, 2019.

The word berkut is the name for golden eagle, a type of eagle.
1970 United States Senate election in Vermont
The 1970 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 3, 1970. Incumbent Republican Winston L. Prouty successfully ran for re-election to a third term in the United States Senate, defeating Former Democratic Governor Philip H. Hoff.

Winston L. Prouty
Winston Lewis Prouty (September 1, 1906 – September 10, 1971) was an American banker and Republican politician who represented Vermont in the United States House of Representatives from 1951 to 1959 and the United States Senate from 1959 until his death in 1971. He also served as mayor of the city of Newport and a member of the Vermont House of Representatives. He was elected Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1947 to 1949.
American Irish Historical Society
The American Irish Historical Society (AIHS) is a historical society devoted to Irish American history that was founded in Boston in the late 19th century. Non-partisan and non-sectarian since its inception in 1897, it maintains the most complete private collection of Irish and Irish-American literature and history in the United States, and it publishes a journal entitled The Recorder. The society also holds various cultural events at its headquarters at 991 Fifth Avenue in New York City.

Historical society
A historical society is non-profit organization dedicated to collecting, preserving, interpreting, and promoting the history of a particular place, group of people, or topic. They play a crucial role in promoting historical awareness and understanding by providing a platform for research, education, and public engagement.

Historical societies vary in specialization, with focuses ranging from specific geographical areas such as countries, states/provinces or cities/towns, ethnographic such as ethnic and genealogical, and topical such as transportation, event based, or military history.
1174 Marmara
1174 Marmara, provisional designation 1930 UC, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 October 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was later named after the Sea of Marmara, located between Europe and Asia.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Pentaiodide
A pentaiodide is a compound or ion that contains five iodine atoms or ions. Some examples include:

pentaiodide - the anion I−5

Niobium pentaiodide - NbI5, which exists as a dimer

Tantalum pentaiodide - TaI5, which exists as a dimer

Protactinium pentaiodide - PaI5

Niobium pentaiodide
Niobium pentaiodide is the inorganic compound with the formula Nb2I10. Its name comes from the compound's empirical formula, NbI5.  It is a diamagnetic, yellow solid that hydrolyses readily.  The compound adopts an edge-shared bioctahedral structure, which means that two NbI5 units are joined by a pair of iodide bridges. There is no bond between the Nb centres. Niobium(V) chloride, niobium(V) bromide, tantalum(V) chloride, tantalum(V) bromide, and tantalum(V) iodide, all share this structural motif.
Marapanim
Marapanim is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil.

The municipality is on the left (west) bank of the Marapanim River.
It contains the 26,465-hectare (65,400-acre) Mestre Lucindo Marine Extractive Reserve, created in 2014.

North Region, Brazil
The North Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Norte do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈnɔʁtʃi du bɾaˈziw]) is the largest region of Brazil, accounting for 45.27% of the national territory. It has the second-lowest population of any region in the country, and accounts for a minor percentage of the national GDP. The region is slightly larger than India and slightly smaller than the whole European Union. It comprises the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins.

It has the lowest population density out of all the regions of Brazil, with only 4.5 inhabitants per km2. Most of the population is centered in urban areas.

Belém International Airport and Manaus International Airport connect the North Region with many Brazilian cities and also operate some international flights. The region is home to the Federal University of Amazonas and the Federal University of Pará, among others.
Minimum alveolar concentration
Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) is the concentration, often expressed as a percentage by volume, of a vapour in the alveoli of the lungs that is needed to prevent movement in 50% of patients in response to pain. MAC is used to compare the potency (dose required to induce a specific effect) of anaesthetic vapours. The concept of MAC was first introduced in 1965.

"Minimum alveolar concentration" is a misnomer, as MAC is representative of a median value. The original paper proposed MAC as the minimal alveolar concentration, which was shortly thereafter revised to minimum alveolar concentration. A lower MAC value represents a more potent volatile anesthetic.

Other uses of MAC include MAC-BAR (1.7–2.0 MAC), which is the concentration required to block autonomic reflexes to nociceptive stimuli, and MAC-awake (0.3–0.5 MAC), the concentration required to block voluntary reflexes and control perceptive awareness.

Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.