hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Commemoration of the American Civil War
The commemoration of the American Civil War is based on the memories of the Civil War that Americans have shaped according to their political, social and cultural circumstances and needs, starting with the Gettysburg Address and the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery in 1863. Confederates, both veterans and women, were especially active in forging the myth of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.

The five major Civil War battlefield parks operated by the National Park Service (Gettysburg, Antietam, Shiloh, Chickamauga/Chattanooga and Vicksburg) had a combined 3.1 million visitors in 2018, down 70% from 10.2 million in 1970.  Attendance at Gettysburg in 2018 was 950,000, a decline of 86% since 1970.

Clint Johnson
Clint Johnson (born in Fish Branch, Florida) is an American author of nonfiction, primarily about the American Civil War. He is a graduate of the University of Florida.

Fascinated with the American Civil War since childhood, Johnson has written eight books on the subject. He was also coauthor of They Call Me Big House, ISBN 0-89587-303-6, the autobiography of the late Clarence Gaines, one of America's best collegiate basketball coaches. Johnson is also the author of two corporate biographies, and hundreds of newspaper and magazine articles on business, history and travel.
Marcus Faison
Marcus Vondell Faison (born February 18, 1978) is a Belgian-American former professional basketball player. He played Division I basketball for Siena College prior to his professional career. Was a prep standout at Irvin High School in El Paso, Texas.

Siena University (New York)
Siena University, formerly Siena College, is a private Franciscan university in Loudonville, New York, United States. It was founded by the Order of Friars Minor in 1937 and is named after the Franciscan friar Bernardino of Siena. The university enrolls approximately 3,600 students and offers undergraduate and graduate programs through three schools in business, liberal arts, and science. Siena competes in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.
Elena Pavel
Elena Iuliana Pavel (born 26 March 1984) is a Romanian retired footballer who played as a defender. She has been a member of the Romania women's national team. She previously played for CFF Clujana, with whom she played the UEFA Women's Cup, and Motorul Oradea.

She first played with the Romanian national team in the last match of the 2001 European Championship qualifying against Estonia. In the 2011 World Cup qualifying she scored against Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In January 2016, Pavel was asked on a date during a Primera División match versus Santa Teresa CD by the referee. Unimpressed by his advances ("Hey brown hair, let's get coffee this afternoon") Pavel answered: "Better stick to blowing your whistle". The incident left her feeling humiliated.

Santa Teresa CD
Santa Teresa Club Deportivo, formerly Badajoz Club de Fútbol and Deportivo Pacense, was a football club based in Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. Founded in 2006 and dissolved in 2022, it last played in Segunda Extremeña – Group 5.
V. Saminathan
V. Saminathan is an Indian politician and member of the Thamizhaga Vettri Kazhagam. He's formerly a president of Pondicherry BJP. Saminathan is a member of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly from 4 July 2017 as Nominated by Central Government of India.

V. Saminathan was serving BJP from last 1990s and he is the seniormost of BJP Pondicherry. He was elected as BJP Pondicherry State President three times. He's a prominent leader in Puducherry who belongs to Sengunthar. He is a popular Neta from Lawspet constituency, Puducherry. He contested 2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election from Lawspet constituency and got 8,891 votes. He is the ex President of BJP Puducherry unit.

Lawspet Assembly constituency
Lawspet is a legislative assembly constituency in the Union territory of Puducherry in India. Lawspet Assembly constituency is a part of Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency. It is currently represented by M. Vaidianathan of the Indian National Congress in the fourteenth legislative assembly.
V. Somanna
Veeranna Somanna is an Indian politician currently serving as Union Minister of State (MoS) in Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India. He was the minister of housing and Infrastructure Development department of Karnataka  from 4 August 2021 to 13 May 2023. He was Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Govindraj Nagara constituency from May 2018 to 13 May 2023.

On 10 June 2016, he was re-elected to the Karnataka Legislative Council. He secured 31 votes of BJP MLAs. In March 2024, he was announced as the BJP candidate for the Tumkur constituency in the 2024 General Elections. He went on to win the Lok Sabha election from Tumkur and was subsequently appointed the Minister of State of Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Jal Shakti.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
Tommy Condell
Thomas Condell is a professional Canadian football coach who is the offensive coordinator for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a Grey Cup champion having won as an assistant coach with the Toronto Argonauts in 2017. He played college football as a wide receiver for the Lock Haven Bald Eagles and Cortland Red Dragons.

Lock Haven Bald Eagles football
The Lock Haven Bald Eagles football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania located in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. The Bald Eagles play in the NCAA Division II and are members of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference.
The Transformers: Escalation
The Transformers: Escalation is a six-issue comic book mini-series, published by IDW Publishing, based on the Transformers and following on from The Transformers: Infiltration. The series launched in November 2006 and ended in April 2007. The series is available in The Transformers: Volume 2.

Decepticon
The Decepticons are a fictional faction of sentient robots in the Transformers multimedia franchise. Serving as the main antagonists in the franchise, their goals include conquering their fictional homeworld planet Cybertron, defeating the Autobots, and achieving universal domination.
Villach
Villach (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlax] ⓘ; Slovene: Beljak; Italian: Villaco; Friulian: Vilac) is the seventh-largest city in Austria and the second-largest in the state of Carinthia. It is an important traffic junction for southern Austria and the whole Alpe-Adria region. As of 2025, Villach had a population of 65,749.

Together with other Alpine towns Villach engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. 
In 1997, Villach was the first town to be awarded Alpine Town of the Year.

Statutory city (Austria)
In Austrian politics, a statutory city (German: Stadt mit eigenem Statut or Statutarstadt [ʃtatuˈtaːɐ̯ˌʃtat] ⓘ), also known in Burgenland as free city (German: Freistadt), is a city that is vested, in addition to its purview as a municipality, with the powers and duties of a district administrative authority. The city administration thus functions as both a municipal government and a branch of the executive arm of the national government. A resident of a statutory city would, for example, contact a city office and interact with city employees to apply for a driver's license or a passport.

As of 2022, there are 15 statutory cities. Statutory cities are mostly major regional population centers with residents numbering in the tens of thousands. The median statutory city has a population of about sixty thousand.
Alkapeca
Alkapeca, also called Mesomediterranean terrane, is the name given to the terrane located 10 million years ago inside the Tethyan domain, between the Iberian plates and Europe to the north, Apulia to the east and Africa to the south.

Van Dijk & Scheepers place it in parallel with Sardinia and Corsica, on the edge of the European continent, inside the "Trans Mediterranean Bridge".

The Alkapeca terrane was made up of present-day Kabylia, Sicily, and Sardinia. It probably acquired its individuality only from the Toarcian. Previously, the Alkapeca still had to be part of the margin of the Iberia plate. Today Sicily and Sardinia are islands while Kabylia is attached to the African continent on Algerian territory and Calabria is attached to the European continent on Italian territory.

Toarcian
The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 184.2 Ma (million years ago) and 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.  It follows the Pliensbachian and is followed by the Aalenian.

The Toarcian Age began with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, a major anoxic event associated with marine extinctions and increased global temperatures  that sets its fossil faunas apart from the previous Pliensbachian age. It is believed to have ended with a global cooling event known as the Comptum Cooling Event, although whether it represented a worldwide event is controversial.
Perique
Perique (/pəˈriːk/) is a type of tobacco from Grand Point, Louisiana, (St James Parish), known for its strong, powerful, and fruity aroma.  When the Acadians made their way into this region in 1776, the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes were cultivating a variety of tobacco with a distinctive flavor.  A farmer named Pierre Chenet is credited with first turning this local tobacco into what is now known as Perique in 1824 through the labor-intensive technique of pressure-fermentation. It is reported by John C. Leffingwell, PhD, an authority on tobacco, that Perique is based on a variety of Red Burley (USDA Type 72) leaf. The Tobacco Institute says perique has been shipped out of New Orleans for more than 250 years and  is considered to be one of America's first export crops.

Choctaw
The Choctaw (Choctaw: Chahta Choctaw pronunciation: [tʃahtá(ʔ)]) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States, historically based in what is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The Choctaw language is a Western Muskogean language. Today, Choctaw people are enrolled primarily in three federally recognized tribes: the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, and the Jena Band of Choctaw Indians in Louisiana. The Yowani Choctaw, a historic Choctaw band, are federally recognized as a people within the Caddo Nation and are also enrolled as citizens of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Choctaw descendants are also members of other tribes.
PANSAT
PANSAT (Petite Amateur Navy Satellite, also known as OSCAR 34) was an amateur radio satellite. It was launched by Space Shuttle Discovery during the STS-95 mission as part of the third International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH-3) mission, on 30 October 1998 from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

The satellite was built by students from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. It offered the possibility of packet radio transmission in BPSK or Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum in the 70 cm band. The satellite was configured in a sphere-like shape, featuring 26 sides used for solar cell and antenna placement. The spacecraft supplied direct-sequence, spread-spectrum modulation with an operating center frequency of 436.5 MHz, a bit rate of 9600 bit/s and 9 MB of message storage.

Hitchhiker Program
The Hitchhiker Program (HH) was a NASA program established in 1984 and administered by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The program was designed to allow low-cost and quick reactive experiments to be placed on board the Space Shuttle. The program was discontinued after the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster of STS-107.
Olef Valley Railway
The Olef Valley Railway (German: Oleftalbahn or Flitsch) or OTB is a 17.8-kilometre-long, single tracked, unelectrified branch line from Kall through the Schleiden Valley above Schleiden to Hellenthal. The line is currently used by tourists; travelling on the heritage railway in the summer months or occasionally by goods trains. However, there are attempts to reactivate passenger services that were ceased in 1981.

Freight train
A freight train, goods train, or cargo train, is a railway train that is used to carry cargo, as opposed to passengers. Freight trains are made up of one or more locomotives which provide propulsion, along with one or more railroad cars (also known as wagons) which carry freight. A wide variety of cargoes are carried on trains, but the low friction inherent to rail transport means that freight trains are especially suited to carrying bulk and heavy loads over longer distances.
Slonimsky Uyezd
Slonimsky Uyezd (Russian: Слонимский уезд) was one of the nine subdivisions of the Grodno Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Slonim.

Slonim
Slonim is a town in Grodno Region, in western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slonim District. It is located at the junction of the Shchara and Isa rivers, 143 km (89 mi) southeast of Grodno. As of 2025, it has a population of 48,402.
Chief Zabu
Chief Zabu is a long-unreleased film that was written, produced and directed by Neil Cohen and Zack Norman (under his birth name, Howard Zuker). It is a socio-political comedy about a New York real estate developer who tries to take over a Polynesian nation. The film starred Norman, Allen Garfield and Allan Arbus. Production began in 1986 but, due to various issues, Cohen and Norman were unable to complete the film until 2016. It premiered at Laemmle Theatres' Monica Film Center on October 28, 2016 and screened a week later, on November 7, at the Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival ("FLIFF"). Trailers and clips are available through both Vimeo and YouTube. On August 16, 2017, Zabu's co-writer/directors were pictured on the front page of the New York Times Arts Section with a history of the film's unique and unusual journey.

A long running advertisement for the film in Variety was the source of a recurring joke on Mystery Science Theater 3000.

Josh Abramson
Josh Abramson (born 1981) is an American entrepreneur and co-founder of the comedy website CollegeHumor. He was one of the principal owners and founders of Connected Ventures, whose properties also included Vimeo and BustedTees, and the co-founder, owner, and CEO of the crowdsourced T-shirt design company TeePublic.
Juhan Kunder
Juhan Kunder (26 December 1852 – 24 April 1888) was an Estonian poet, playwright, author of natural history textbooks, and folklore collector from the Russian Empire.

From 1872 to 1875 he attended Tartu Teachers' College.

He became a member of the Estonian Students' Society in 1873, and he was a member of the Society of Estonian Literati, serving as its deputy chairman from 1882 to 1888. He was also active in the Alexander School movement.

He wrote for several Estonian newspapers and magazines, including Postimees, Sakala, Valgus, and Meelejahutaja.

He died of typhus in 1888. He is buried at Rakvere Cemetery.

Sakala (newspaper)
Sakala is an Estonian language daily newspaper first published in Viljandi on 11 March 1878 by Carl Robert Jakobson, a major figure of the Estonian national awakening period in the 19th century. It was considered as having a more radical line than the moderate Olevik.

Sakala was the first political newspaper in Estonian. It was the most popular newspaper among Estonians in the late 19th century. Today, it is the local newspaper of Viljandi County.

The masthead logo of Sakala was designed by Eduard Magnus Jakobson.
Sathyam Sivam Sundaram (2000 film)
Sathyam Sivam Sundaram (transl. The Truth, the God, the Beauty) is a 2000 Indian Malayalam-language comedy drama film written and directed by Rafi Mecartin and produced by Siyad Kokker through Kokers Films. It stars Kunchacko Boban, Aswathi Menon, and Jagadish, with Harisree Ashokan, Cochin Haneefa, and Balachandra Menon in supporting roles. The movie marked the debut of cinematographer Ravi Varman.

Balachandra Menon
Balachandra Menon (born 11 January 1954) is an Indian actor, director and script writer. He made a number of films in the 1980s and 1990s. He has directed 40 films and has acted in over 100.

He won two National Film Awards including the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance as station master Ismail the 1998 film Samaantharangal, which was also directed by him. He has also worked as a distributor, editor, composer, singer and producer in the Malayalam film industry. He has found space in the Limca Book of Records for the maximum number of films directed, scripted and acted in. Menon has introduced many actors into the Malayalam Cinema Industry. Actors who made their debut in his films include Shobana in April 18, Parvathy in Vivahithare Ithile, Maniyanpilla Raju in Maniyan Pilla Adhava Maniyan Pilla, Karthika in Manicheppu Thurannappol, Annie in Ammayane Sathyam, and Nandini in April 19.
Laughlin River Run
Laughlin River Run was an annual motorcycle rally held in Laughlin, Nevada.  It was the largest gathering of bikes and bikers in the Western United States.  The event drew an estimated 70,000 motorcycle enthusiasts in 2005.

Motorcycle rally
A motorcycle rally is a gathering of motorcycle enthusiasts. Rallies can be large or small, and one-time or recurring. Some rallies are ride-in events, whereas some like the Iron Butt Rally involve days of riding and an actual gathering only at the end of the ride.
Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Music in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production
The Annie Award for Music in an Animated Television/Broadcasting Production is an Annie Award given annually to the best music composed for animated television or broadcasting productions. It was first given at the 25th Annie Awards, initially the category included both scores and songs from television productions.

At the 28th Annie Awards, two categories were created, though both were only presented that year, one was for music scores especially made for  television productions under the name of Outstanding Individual Achievement for Music Score in an Animated Television Production, while the other category was to reward songs from both films and television productions named Outstanding Individual Achievement for a Song in an Animated Production. Since the 30th Annie Awards, the category Outstanding Achievement for Music in a Television/Broadcast Production is presented.

25th Annie Awards
The 25th Annie Awards were given by the International Animated Film Association to honor outstanding achievements in animation in 1997. Cats Don't Dance led the nominations with 8 and won two awards, including Best Animated Feature, the first non-Disney film to win it. Disney's Hercules and Fox's The Simpsons won the most awards with four. The Simpsons won its Best Animated Television Program for the sixth time in a row.
Edward Bassenet
Christianity portal

Edward Bassenet D.D.  was a Welsh Anglican Dean.

Culme was born in Wales and appointed a Privy Counsellor by Henry VIII. He was Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral Dublin from 1537 until 1547. He died before the restoration of the cathedral.

St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
Saint Patrick's Cathedral (Irish: Ard-Eaglais Naomh Pádraig) in Dublin, Ireland is the national cathedral of the Church of Ireland. Christ Church Cathedral, also a Church of Ireland cathedral in Dublin, is designated as the local cathedral of the Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough.
Mylius My 102 Tornado
The Mylius My 102 Tornado is a prototype single-seat German aerobatic aircraft. It was designed as a smaller derivative of the MBB Bo 209, but was not placed in production, with only two aircraft built.

Air-Britain
Air-Britain, traditionally sub-titled 'The International Association of Aviation Enthusiasts', is a non-profit aviation society founded in July 1948. As from 2015, it is constituted as a British charitable trust and book publisher.
1954 Bordeaux Grand Prix
The 1954 Bordeaux Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 9 May 1954 on a street circuit centred around the Place des Quinconces in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. The Grand Prix was won by José Froilán González, driving with Ferrari. Gonzalez also set fastest lap. Ferrari drivers Robert Manzon and Maurice Trintignant finished second and third, with Trintignant starting from pole.

Place des Quinconces
The Place des Quinconces, located in Bordeaux, France, is among the largest city squares in Europe (approximately 63 ac or 25.6 ha).

It was laid out in 1820 on the site of Château Trompette and was intended to prevent rebellion against the city. Its guns were turned towards the centre. Its current shape (lengthened rectangle rounded off with a semicircle) was adopted in 1816. Trees were planted (in quincunxes, hence the name of the square) in 1818.

With the installation of a tram system in 2003, the place has become the most important public transport hub of the area, with Quinconces tram stop serving three tram lines, 21 bus lines (including 3 night buses), an electric shuttle, and 12 coach lines through Gironde as well as a reception area in the south.
Kastanozem
Kastanozem (also known as "chestnut soil") is one of the 32 Reference Soil Groups of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). These soils are brighter than Chernozems, and are related to the Mollisols in the USDA soil taxonomy.  They are rich in humus, and originally covered with early maturing native grasslands vegetation, which produces a characteristic brown surface layer in the first meter in depth. They have a relative high level of exchangeable calcium ions and secondary carbonates starting within 70 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Kastanozems are found in relatively dry zones with 200 to 450 mm of rainfall a year.

The name has two origins: the Russian term 'каштановые почвы', 'каштанозем', where 'каштановые' is a shade of brown derived from the word "каштан" (kashtan), "chestnut" and refers to the color of its husk, and the Latin term castanea (chestnut).

Chestnut
Chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus Castanea, in the beech family Fagaceae. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.