hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subsidence (atmosphere)
In meteorology, subsidence is the downward movement of an air parcel as it cools and becomes denser. By contrast, warm air becomes less dense and moves upwards (atmospheric convection).

Atmospheric subsidence generally creates a high-pressure area as more air moves into the same space: the polar highs are areas of almost constant subsidence, as are the horse latitudes, and the areas of subsidence are the sources of much of the prevailing winds in the Earth's atmosphere.

Subsidence also causes many smaller-scale weather phenomena, such as morning fog; on the other hand, its absence may cause air stagnation. An extreme form of subsidence is a downburst, which can result in damage similar to that produced by a tornado. A milder form of subsidence is referred to as downdraft.

Fog
Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals held in the air  near the Earth's surface. Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog affects many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare.

Fog appears when water vapor (water in its gaseous form) condenses. During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to make tiny water droplets that hang in the air. Sea fog, which shows up near bodies of saline water, is formed as water vapor condenses on bits of salt. Fog is similar to, but less transparent than, mist.
Chloroxynil
Chloroxynil is a postemergent benzonitrile herbicide, used to control broad leaved weeds on cereal crops. It was manufactured by Rhone-Poulenc and May & Baker, and is now considered obsolete, though its usage may continue.

Chloroxynil was developed as a variant of bromoxynil, which is identical except for bromines replacing chloroxynil's chlorines. A 1972 study found chloroxynil less injurious to alfalfa and red clover, but also less potent at controlling broadleaf weeds.

Chloroxynil's MoA inhibits electron transfer in the photosystem II receptor. Its HRAC group is Group C, (Australia) C3 (global) or 6 (numeric).

Mode of action
In pharmacology and biochemistry, mode of action (MoA) describes a functional or anatomical change, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance. In comparison, a mechanism of action (MOA) describes such changes at the molecular level.

A mode of action is important in classifying chemicals, as it represents an intermediate level of complexity in between molecular mechanisms and physiological outcomes, especially when the exact molecular target has not yet been elucidated or is subject to debate. A mechanism of action of a chemical could be "binding to DNA" while its broader mode of action would be "transcriptional regulation". However, there is no clear consensus and the term mode of action is also often used, especially in the study of pesticides, to describe molecular mechanisms such as action on specific nuclear receptors or enzymes. Despite this, there are classification attempts, such as the HRAC's classification to manage pesticide resistance.
Phil Ockinga
Phillip Ockinga (born c. 1980) is an American college football coach. He was the head football coach for Peru State College, a position he held from 2022-2025. He also coached for Hastings, Fort Hays State, FIU, Hutchinson, Western Illinois, and South Dakota. He played college football for Wyoming and Hastings.

Wyoming Cowboys football
The Wyoming Cowboys football program represents the University of Wyoming in NCAA college football. They compete in the Mountain West Conference of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of NCAA Division I and have won 14 conference titles. Their current head coach is Jay Sawvel who is entering his second season as head coach in 2025 after serving as the programs Defensive Coordinator for the previous four seasons.

The Cowboy football program has been among the most notable of "stepping stone" programs due to the success of its former coaches. Coaches such as Bowden Wyatt, Bob Devaney, Fred Akers, Pat Dye, Dennis Erickson and Joe Tiller were at Wyoming immediately prior to gaining notoriety at bigger football powerhouses.
Robert Tools
Robert L. Tools (July 31, 1942 – November 30, 2001) was the world's first recipient of a fully self-contained artificial heart, called AbioCor. The operation took place on July 2, 2001. He survived for 151 days without a living heart. Dr. Joseph Fredi at Saint Thomas Hospital suggested the experimental procedure based on his knowledge of a research project by Abiomed. While recovering from surgery, Robert had the chance to enjoy some of his favorite past time hobbies, fishing and dining out.  While at Jewish Hospital, Robert became renowned and received press throughout the world on shows like Cooking Network, Dateline, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, and CNN. As a result of Robert's press, he received visits from Lt. Governors, The Oak Ridge Boys, and Muhammad Ali. While meeting with Ali, Tools earned the name "#1 Champ" because of his fight to survive.

Due to continued complications of abdominal bleeding and a stroke, Robert died November 30, 2001.

The Oak Ridge Boys
The Oak Ridge Boys are an American vocal quartet. The group consists of Duane Allen (lead), William Lee Golden (baritone), Richard Sterban (bass), and Ben James, who replaced Joe Bonsall as tenor in December of 2023. Allen, Bonsall, Golden, and Sterban comprised the group's longest-lasting lineup, from 1973 until 2023, except for the period between 1987 and 1995 when Golden was replaced by Steve Sanders.

The act was founded in 1943 as Wally Fowler and the Georgia Clodhoppers, but were soon known as The Oak Ridge Quartet. They became popular in Southern gospel in the 1950s and their name was changed to Oak Ridge Boys in the 1960s. They moved from traditional southern gospel to contemporary gospel before going into popular music in the mid-1970s.

The Oak Ridge Boys finally broke through in the late 1970s, including their appearance on "Slip Slidin' Away" with Paul Simon, and reached their commercial peak in 1981 with their cover of "Elvira", a Top 5 hit on the Billboard Hot 100.
Aakashdevi Temple
Aakashdevi Temple (Nepali: आकाशदेवी मन्दिर नेपाल) also called Tarakhase Temple is a Hindu temple located in Bahigaun Tarakhase within the Chhatradev Rural Municipality of Arghakhanchi District, Nepal. With its 13 storied architecture (125 feet tall), it is recognized as the tallest temple in the district.  The temple was constructed in 2008 BS (1951-1952).

The temple serves as a focal point for various local festivals, including Teej, Shivarattri, Ram Navami, Bala Chathurdasi, Krishna Janmashtami, and Dashain. These events attract numerous devotees, who believe that worshipping at the temple fulfils their wishes through the blessings of the goddess.

Chhatradev Rural Municipality
Chhatradev is a Rural municipality located within the Arghakhanchi District of the Lumbini Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 87.62 square kilometres (33.83 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 25,336 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Chhatraganj, Bhagawati, Balkot, Kerunga, Thulo Pokhara and small portion from Arghatos, Mareng, Chidika VDCs were merged to form Chhatradev Rural Municipality. Chhatradev is divided into 8 wards, with Chhatraganj declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.
Cabó
Cabó (Catalan pronunciation: [kaˈβo]) is a municipality in the comarca of Alt Urgell, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 89 (register office, 2024) .

The municipality contains three villages: Cabó, el Vilar de Cabó, and Pujal. It includes a small exclave to the south-east.

Alt Urgell
Alt Urgell (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈalt uɾˈdʒeʎ]) is a comarca (county) in the Alt Pirineu region, in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the historic County of Urgell (ca. 789 – 1413) and the historic region of Urgellet. The capital is La Seu d'Urgell.
1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election
Assembly elections 1995 was held in Maharashtra, India in two phases on February 12, 1995, and  March 9, 1995. Election results were declared on March 13, 1995. The major parties were Bharatiya Janata Party - Shiv Sena Yuti (alliance) against the Congress.

Manohar Joshi
Manohar Gajanan Joshi (2 December 1937 – 23 February 2024) was an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra, who served as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra from 1995 to 1999, and Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 2002 to 2004. He was one of the prominent leaders of the Shiv Sena, and also one of the Indians to be elected to all of the four legislatures. He was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian honour, by the Government of India in 2025.
2017 Empire Slovak Open – Singles
Kateřina Siniaková was the defending champion, but chose to participate at the 2017 Internazionali BNL d'Italia instead.

Markéta Vondroušová won the title, defeating Verónica Cepede Royg in the final, 7–5, 7–6(7–3).

Verónica Cepede Royg
Verónica Cepede Royg (Latin American Spanish: [beˈɾonika seˈpeðe ˈrojɣ]; born 21 January 1992) is a Paraguayan former tennis player.

On 7 August 2017, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of No. 73. Her best doubles ranking is No. 85, achieved on 19 September 2016. Cepede Royg has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour, one WTA 125 doubles title, and 14 singles titles and 20 doubles titles on ITF tournaments. Playing for Paraguay Fed Cup team, Cepede Royg has a win–loss record of 61–26. She participated in the 2012 London Olympics, losing in the opening round to American Varvara Lepchenko in three sets, as well as the 2016 Rio Olympics and 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Her best performance at a Grand Slam championship was reaching the fourth round of the 2017 French Open.
Gwak Mi-hee
Gwak Mi-hee (Korean: 곽미희; born May 10, 1974) is a South Korean cross-country mountain biker and ski mountaineer, who has won all individual races of all Asian Championships of Ski Mountaineering since the first edition.

Gwak was born in Yesan, and lives in Seoul. She started cycling in 1997, and became a member of the national team in 2001.

Yesan County
Yesan (Korean: [je.san]) is a county in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea.  Famous people from Yesan include independence fighter Yoon Bong-Gil.

Sudeoksa, a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, is located on the southern slopes of Deoksungsan in Deoksan-myeon, Yesan County. Its main hall is daeungjeon (大雄殿), Korea's oldest wooden building and National Treasure 49.

In 2009, Yesan was designated a "slow city," one in which traditional cultures and communities are preserved.
Sophie Elizéon
Sophie Elizéon (born 3 November 1970) is a French civil servant. From 2023 to 2025, she served as prefect of Ardèche. From 2021 to 2023, she served as interministerial delegate for racism, antisemitism and homophobia. From 2019 to 2021, she served as prefect of Aude. From 2017 to 2019, she served as prefect of the Territoire de Belfort. From 2012 to 2015, she served as interministerial delegate for equal opportunities for overseas France.

Ardèche
Ardèche (French pronunciation: [aʁdɛʃ] ⓘ; Occitan: Ardecha, pronounced [aɾˈdet͡ʃɔ]; Arpitan: Ardecha) is a department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. It is named after the river Ardèche and had a population of 328,278 as of 2019. Its prefecture is in Privas, but its largest city is Annonay.
The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon
The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon is a Canadian children's television series which aired on YTV in Canada and on public television stations (through Tampa, Florida PBS member station WEDU) in the United States. It aired from 1993 to 1997 and later reran until 1999. Made in live-action, it incorporated actors, full body costume characters (notably the titular dragon) and puppets.

Graham Greene won a Gemini Award in 1994 for his role. He was nominated in 1998 for the episode The Tiny Little Raincloud. Jackie Burroughs was also nominated in 1994 for the same award, this time for performing in the episode High Flying Dragon.

Jackie Richardson
Jackie Richardson CM (born January 4, 1947) is a Canadian singer and actress. Richardson is known for her screen roles in Turning to Stone, The Gospel According to the Blues, The Doodlebops, and Sins of the Father. She is also known for her appearance on the YTV show Catwalk where she played the grandmother to Atlas (Christopher Lee Clements).
Camp four (Guantanamo)
Camp four is one of the camps that make up the complex of camps for captives held in extrajudicial detention in the United States' Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
Camp four is the camp that most closely resembles a traditional Prisoner of War camp.
Captives held there live in communal dormitories, and have day long access to communal exercise yard, games, and books.

Camp authorities only allowed the captives they considered "compliant" to stay in camp four.
The captives in Camp four are allowed to wear white or tan uniforms which distinguish them from the orange uniforms "non-compliant" captives wear.

Guantanamo Bay detainee uniforms
The prison uniforms worn by detainees held at the US-run Guantanamo Bay detention camp are solid orange or solid white. The orange boiler-suit worn by many detainees held during the war on terror became a global symbol of the camp.
The Jelly Roll Kings
The Jelly Roll Kings were an American electric Delta blues band. The members of the band were Frank Frost (keyboard/harmonica), Big Jack Johnson (guitar) and Sam Carr (drums). Some of their most well-known songs included "The Jelly Roll King", and "Catfish Blues".

Delta blues
Delta blues is one of the earliest-known styles of blues. It originated in the Mississippi Delta and is regarded as a regional variant of country blues. Guitar and harmonica are its dominant instruments; slide guitar is a hallmark of the style. Vocal styles in Delta blues range from introspective and soulful to passionate and fiery.
Los Pleneros de la 21
Los Pleneros de la 21 is a New York City-based drum and dance ensemble that has been active since 1983. They specialize in Afro-Puerto Rican bomba and plena music and related dance forms. In addition to performing, they run a community-based, not-for-profit educational company dedicated to preserving and celebrating Puerto Rican traditional culture and "fostering the legacy and history of Puerto Rican artistic traditions of African and Creole descent."

Demographics of Africa
The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries. 
Total population as of 2017 is estimated at more than 1.25 billion, with a growth rate of more than 2.5% p.a. 
The most populous African country is Nigeria with 191 million inhabitants as of 2017 and a growth rate of 2.6% p.a.
The Cheviot, the Stag and the Black, Black Oil
The Cheviot, the Stag and the Black, Black Oil is a play written in the 1970s by Merseyside-born playwright John McGrath. From April 1973, beginning at a venue in Aberdeen (Aberdeen Arts Centre), it was performed in a touring production in community centres on Scotland by 7:84 and other community theatre groups. A television version directed by John Mackenzie was broadcast on 6 June 1974 by the BBC as part of the Play for Today series.

Play for Today
Play for Today is a British television strand, produced by the BBC and transmitted on BBC1 from 1970 to 1984. During the run, more than three hundred programmes, featuring original television plays, and adaptations of stage plays and novels, were transmitted. The individual episodes were (with a few exceptions noted below) between fifty and a hundred minutes in duration. A handful of these plays, including Rumpole of the Bailey, subsequently became television series in their own right.

In 2025, Channel 5 announced they would revive the series, which began broadcasting on 13 November, 2025.
Valle di Cadore
Valle di Cadore is a comune (municipality) in the province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 110 km (68 mi) north of Venice and about 35 km (22 mi) northeast of Belluno.

Valle is part of the Cadore Valley, not far from the Antelao peak, 3,264 metres (10,709 ft) above sea level. The main attraction is the Renaissance Palazzo Costantini Lanza.

Province of Belluno
The province of Belluno (Italian: provincia di Belluno; Austrian German: provinz Belluno; Ladin: provinzia de Belum) is a province in the region of Veneto in Italy. Its capital is the city of Belluno.

It has a population of 197,708 in an area of 3,610 square kilometres (1,390 mi2) across its 61 municipalities.
Bugyō
Bugyō (奉行) was a title assigned to samurai officials in feudal Japan. Bugyō is often translated as commissioner, magistrate, or governor, and other terms would be added to the title to describe more specifically a given official's tasks or jurisdiction.

Nikkō
Nikkō (日光市, Nikkō-shi; IPA: [ɲikkoꜜːɕi]) is a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.  As of 2 December 2020, the city's population was 80,239, in 36,531 households. The population density was 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,449.83 square kilometres (559.78 sq mi).

Nikkō is a popular destination for Japanese and international tourists. Attractions include the mausoleum of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Nikkō Tōshō-gū shrine, and that of his grandson Tokugawa Iemitsu (Iemitsu-byō Taiyū-in), along with Futarasan shrine, which dates to the year 767. There are many famous onsen (hot springs) in the area. Elevations range from 200 to 2,000 meters.

The Japanese saying "Never say kekkō until you've seen Nikkō" (日光を見ずして結構と言うなかれ)" – with kekkō (結構) meaning splendid, magnificent, or satisfied – is a reflection of the beauty and sites in Nikkō.
Walter Zürrer (footballer, born 1916)
Walter Zürrer (7 September 1916 – 1968) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel in the late 1930s as a striker.

Zürrer joined Basel's first team during their 1938–39 season. He played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 12 March 1939 as Basel drew 1–1 with Young Boys.

Between the years 1938 and 1940 Zürrer played three games for Basel. Two of these games were in the Nationallige and one was in the 1. Liga after the team's relegation.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition
Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition is a 1964 non-fiction book by British historian Frances A. Yates.  The book delves into the history of Hermeticism and its influence upon Renaissance philosophy and Giordano Bruno.

With the publication of Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition, Yates transformed Renaissance historiography. In it, she revealed the hermeticism with which the Renaissance was imbued, and the revived interest in mysticism, magic and Gnosticism of Late Antiquity that survived the Middle Ages. In the face of longstanding conventional interpretations, Yates suggested that the itinerant Catholic priest Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake in 1600 for espousing the Hermetic tradition rather than his affirmation of heliocentricity.

The Golden Bough
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (retitled The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion in its second edition) is a wide-ranging, comparative study of mythology and religion, written by the Scottish anthropologist Sir James George Frazer. The Golden Bough was first published in two volumes in 1890; in three volumes in 1900; and in twelve volumes in the third edition, published 1906–1915. It has also been published in several different one-volume abridgments. The work was for a wide literate audience raised on tales as told in such publications as Thomas Bulfinch's The Age of Fable, or Stories of Gods and Heroes (1855). The influence of The Golden Bough on contemporary European literature and thought has been substantial.
Duckie
Duckie can mean:

An informal word for a rubber duck

Duckie, a character from Pretty in Pink

Duckie (group), a London-based collective of performance artists

Derrick "Duckie" Simpson, founding member of reggae band Black Uhuru

Duckie Thot, an Australian model

Duckie Thot
Nyadak "Duckie" Thot (born 23 October 1995) is an Australian model. Thot rose to prominence after being the last contestant eliminated on the Australia's Next Top Model season 8 and made her runway debut at the Yeezy S/S 17 show. She is best known for being a face of Fenty Beauty as well as playing the lead role in the Alice in Wonderland–inspired 2018 Pirelli Calendar.
Substation 401
Substation #401, also called the "Essex Sub-station" is a historic New York City Subway electrical substation.

This facility is located on the south side of Fulton Street, between Essex Street and Shepherd Avenue, in the Cypress Hills neighborhood of the borough of Brooklyn. It sits adjacent to the BMT Jamaica Line between the Cleveland Street and Norwood Avenue stations.

It was built in 1901 by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company for the Cypress Hills extension of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line, and is a Beaux Arts style structure. Through a series of acquisitions, it was passed over to the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation, then the New York City Board of Transportation, the New York City Transit Authority, and finally the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), where it remains to this day.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

New York City Board of Transportation
The New York City Board of Transportation or the Board of Transportation of the City of New York (NYCBOT or BOT) was a city transit commission and operator in New York City, consisting of three members appointed by the mayor. It was created in 1924 to control city-owned and operated public transportation service within the New York City Transit System. The agency oversaw the construction and operation of the municipal Independent Subway System (IND), which was constructed shortly after the Board was chartered. The BOT later presided over the major transfers of public transit from private control to municipal control that took place in the 1940s, including the unification of the New York City Subway in 1940. In 1953, the Board was dissolved and replaced by the state-operated New York City Transit Authority, now part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA).
George Skipper
George John Skipper (6 August 1856 – 1 August 1948) was a leading Norwich-based architect of the late Victorian and Edwardian period. Writer and poet, John Betjeman said of him "he is altogether remarkable and original. He was to Norwich what Gaudi was to Barcelona" He is regarded as an important Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style) architect.

Norwich Union
Norwich Union was a British insurance company. It was originally established in 1797. In 2000, it merged with CGU, to form CGNU, which became Aviva. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

On 29 April 2008, Aviva announced that the Norwich Union brand would be phased out and disappear over a period of two years, on the grounds that a consistent Aviva brand would bring "global impact." On 1 June 2009, Norwich Union was rebranded as Aviva.