hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guymon, Oklahoma
Guymon (/ˈɡaɪmən/ GHY-mən) is a city in and the county seat of Texas County, in the panhandle of Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 12,965, an increase of 13.3% from 11,442 in 2010, and represents more than half of the population of the county, along with being the largest city in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Cattle feedlots, corporate pork farms, and natural gas production dominate its economy, with wind energy production and transmission recently diversifying landowners' farms.  Guymon was the only town or city in Oklahoma in 2010 and 2020 in which the majority of the population was Hispanic.

Feedlot
A feedlot or feed yard is a type of animal feeding operation (AFO) which is used in intensive animal farming, notably beef cattle, but also swine, horses, sheep, turkeys, chickens or ducks, prior to slaughter.  Large beef feedlots are called concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) in the United States and intensive livestock operations (ILOs) or confined feeding operations (CFO) in Canada.  They may contain thousands of animals in an array of pens.

The basic purpose of the feedlot is to increase the amount of fat gained by each animal as quickly as possible; if animals are kept in confined quarters rather than being allowed to range freely over grassland, they will gain weight more quickly and efficiently with the added benefit of economies of scale.
Prasert na Nagara
Prasert na Nagara (Thai: ประเสริฐ ณ นคร, RTGS: Prasoet Na Nakhon, pronounced [prā.sɤ̀ːt náʔ ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn]; 21 March 1919 – 7 May 2019) was a Thai scholar. Best known for his studies of ancient Thai inscriptions, he was formally trained in engineering and statistics, subjects which he taught as a professor at Kasetsart University. He served as vice president at the university and as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of University Affairs. His influential work in history, archaeology and linguistics include the history of the Sukhothai Kingdom as well as the structure of the Tai language family.

Office of the Higher Education Commission
The Office of the Higher Education Commission (OHEC, Thai: สำนักงานคณะกรรมการการอุดมศึกษา, RTGS: Samnakngan Khanakammakan Kan Udomsueksa) is a department-level agency of the Thai government. It is the operating body of the Higher Education Commission, which oversees the country's universities and other higher education institutions.

The office was established as the Ministry of State University Affairs in 1972, operating as a sub-ministry under the Office of the Prime Minister. It was elevated to ministry level in 1977, and became known as the Ministry of University Affairs (ทบวงมหาวิทยาลัย, RTGS: Thabuang Mahawitthayalai) until 2003, when it was restructured and absorbed into the Ministry of Education as the Office of the Higher Education Commission.

In 2019, the Office was transferred to the new Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation.
Farigh Bukhari
Akbar Shah (11 November 1917 – 13 April 1997), known by his pen name as Farigh Bukhari (romanized: Fārigh Buk̲h̲ārī), was a Pakistani multilingual poet and progressive writer. He wrote books, including poetry on various subjects such as literature, social issues and politics in Hindko, Pashto and predominantly in Urdu language. Some of his publications appear about universal values and humanism.

Farigh was born in British India (in modern-day Peshawar, Pakistan). He along with Raza Hamdani is credited with introducing Urdu literature to Pukhtuns of Attock city, making him the 20th century's first writer of Peshawar translating Urdu into Pashto literature.

Urdu literature
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language. While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including the short story, or afsana (افسانہ). Urdu literature is popular mostly in Pakistan, where Urdu is the national language, and in India, where it is an Eighth Schedule language.
Ming-Fa Lin
Ming-Fa Lin (Chinese: 林明發; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Bîng-Huat; (1962-07-02)July 2, 1962 – August 14, 2023) was a Taiwanese theoretical physicist. He was a distinguished professor in the Department of Physics of National Cheng Kung University in Tainan, Taiwan. His main scientific interests focus on the essential properties of carbon-related materials and low-dimensional systems. He presided over more than 10 Ministry of Science and Technology research projects. He published more than 300 peer-reviewed articles and over 10 academic books. His research principles include innovation, uniqueness, diversity, completeness, and generalization.

Landau levels
In quantum mechanics, the energies of cyclotron orbits of charged particles in a uniform magnetic field are quantized to discrete values, thus known as Landau levels. These levels are degenerate, with the number of electrons per level directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. It is named after the Soviet physicist Lev Landau who developed the theory in 1930.

Landau quantization contributes towards magnetic susceptibility of metals, known as Landau diamagnetism. Under strong magnetic fields, Landau quantization leads to oscillations in electronic properties of materials as a function of the applied magnetic field known as the De Haas–Van Alphen and Shubnikov–de Haas effects.

Landau quantization is a key ingredient in explanation of the integer quantum Hall effect.
Nordic combined at the 2015 Winter Universiade – Team normal hill/3 x 5 km
The team normal hill/3×5 km competition of the 2015 Winter Universiade was held at the Sporting Centre FIS Štrbské Pleso on January 31. It consisted of three jumps per team from the normal hill and a 3×5 km cross-country races.

2015 Winter Universiade
The 2015 Winter Universiade, the XXVII Winter Universiade, was a multi-sport winter event with the host duties shared by Granada, Spain and Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia. 
On 14 March 2009, FISU announced that the host would be Granada because they were the only bid.

On 25 June 2014, after Granada announced that it could not host cross-country skiing events for environmental and logistical reasons, FISU announced that Slovakia was invited to be a co-host of the 2015 Winter Universiade. FISU approved moving the Nordic skiing and biathlon events to Štrbské Pleso and Osrblie in Slovakia. In this way, Slovakia was allowed to add another sport to its program, ski jumping.
Jean-François Ballester
Jean-François Ballester (1 September 1965 – 2 December 2018) was a French figure skating coach. He is best known for his work with Aliona Savchenko / Bruno Massot, who won gold at the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 World Championships and 2017–18 Grand Prix Final.

Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pair skating
The pair skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aljona Savchenko and Bruno Massot became Olympic champions after finishing fourth in the short program and setting a record with their score in the free program to take the gold by 0.43 points. Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, leading after the short program, made a couple of mistakes in the free program and won silver. Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford were third.

Chinese judges Chen Weiguang and Huang Feng were investigated by the ISU and banned for mark manipulation.
Foramen
In anatomy and osteology, a  foramen (/fəˈreɪmən/; pl.: foramina, /fəˈræmɪnə/ or foramens /fəˈreɪmənz/; from Latin 'an opening produced by boring') is an opening or enclosed gap within the dense connective tissue (bones and deep fasciae) of extant and extinct amniote animals, typically to allow passage of nerves, arteries, veins or other soft tissue structures (e.g. muscle tendon) from one body compartment to another.

Dense connective tissue
Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, is a type of connective tissue with fibers as its main matrix element. The fibers are mainly composed of type I collagen. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. In addition, the sclera contains dense connective tissue
South-West Deeps (West)
South-West Deeps (West) MPA, along with the South West Deeps (East) MPA is an offshore Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ), approximately 230 km (140 mi) off Land's End, Cornwall, England, in the Western Channel and Celtic Sea. It was one of twenty-seven MCZs designated on 21 November 2013 by the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 and is a predominantly sandy area of the continental shelf, supporting molluscs and crustaceans living in and on the mixed and coarse sediments.

Land's End
Land's End (Cornish: Penn an Wlas or Pedn an Wlas) is a headland and tourist and holiday complex in western Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, on the Penwith peninsula about eight miles (13 km) west-south-west of Penzance at the western end of the A30 road. To the east of it is the English Channel, and to the west the Celtic Sea.

Land's End is the most westerly point of mainland England. However, it is not the westernmost point on mainland Great Britain.  This title narrowly goes to Corrachadh Mòr in the Scottish Highlands.
Eduard Kučera
Eduard Kučera (born 11 January 1953) is a Czech software engineer and an entrepreneur. He is the co-founder of the computer security company Avast along with Pavel Baudiš. Kučera is the 13th wealthiest person in the Czech Republic as of 2023 according to Forbes, with a net worth of more than 29.8 billion Czech koruna.

Kučera studied  in Charles University before co-founding Alwil Software with Baudiš. The company was renamed to Avast Software and Avast Antivirus became one of the most used computer security software applications.

Czech koruna
The koruna, or crown (sign: Kč; code: CZK, Czech: koruna česká), has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993. The koruna is one of the European Union's seven currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro in the future.

The official name in Czech is koruna česká (plural koruny české, though the zero-suffixed genitive plural form korun českých is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher). The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the numeric value (e.g., "50 Kč") or sometimes before it (as is seen on the 10-koruna coin). One crown is made up of 100 hellers (abbreviated as "h", official name in Czech: singular: haléř, nominative plural: haléře, genitive plural: haléřů – used with numbers higher or equal to 5 – e.g. 3 haléře, 8 haléřů), but hellers have now been withdrawn from circulation, and the smallest unit of physical currency is 1 Kč.
Bridge in Metal Township
Bridge in Metal Township, also known as Keggereis Ford Bridge, is a historic multi-span concrete arch bridge located at Metal Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It is a 105-foot-long (32 m) bridge with three spans, the longest of which measures 45 feet (14 m) long. It was constructed in 1907.  It carries Stone Bridge Road (State Route 4006) over the West Branch Conococheague Creek.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
2 Skinnee J's
2 Skinnee J's (alternatively spelled Two Skinnee J's or Too Skinnee J's) is an American hip hop band from Brooklyn, New York, whose music has been categorized as nerdcore and rap rock. The band was founded in 1991 by Special J (vocals), Rabbi J-Slim (vocals), Joey Viturbo (guitar), Sammy B (bass guitar), DJ Casper (keyboards), and Andy Action (drums). With numerous line-up changes, the band was active through the 1990s until 2003, when they officially disbanded. The group recorded several demos, 2 EPs, and 3 studio albums; SuperMercado! on Capricorn Records, Volumizer on Volcano Records, and Sexy Karate on Dolphins vs. Unicorns. The band went through several key membership changes before its breaking up in 2003, although they briefly reunited for reunion tours in 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2012.

Capricorn Records
Capricorn Records was an independent record label founded by Phil Walden and Frank Fenter in 1969 in Macon, Georgia. Capricorn Records is often credited by music historians as creating the southern rock genre.
Kyle, Ayrshire
Kyle (or Coila poetically; Scottish Gaelic: Cuil) is a former comital district of Scotland which stretched across parts of modern-day East Ayrshire and South Ayrshire. It is supposedly named after Coel Hen, a legendary king of the Britons, who is said to be buried under a mound at Coylton.

Coylton
Coylton (Scots: Culton) is a village and civil parish in South Ayrshire, Scotland. It is five miles (eight kilometres) east of Ayr and 2+1⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) west of Drongan, on the A70.  Sundrum Castle Holiday Park is to the west of the village, in the grounds of Sundrum Castle, which partly dates to the 13th century.  A rocking stone stands atop the Craigs of Kyle near Coylton.  It weighs about 30 tons and rests upon two stones. A large standing stone known as Wallace's Stone stands nearby.  The village is also home to a parish church of the Gothic style, built in 1832.
1942 Alabama Senate election
The 1942 Alabama Senate election took place on Tuesday, November 3, 1942, to elect 35 representatives to serve four-year terms in the Alabama Senate. The election used the same districts first drawn by the Alabama Constitution of 1901.

As the Democratic Party was dominant in the state, state legislative seats were generally decided at the Democratic primary election. The first round of the Democratic primary was held on May 7 with runoff elections on June 4.  Only one Democratic nominee, incumbent senator James A. Simpson in Jefferson County's District 13, faced opposition in the general election, receiving 95.59% of the vote against a Republican and a Communist. Simpson was unanimously elected President pro tempore at the November 1942 opening session.

The election took place concurrently with elections for U.S. Senate, U.S. House, governor, state house, and numerous other state and local offices.

Alabama Senate
32°22′36″N 86°17′56″W﻿ / ﻿32.37667°N 86.29889°W﻿ / 32.37667; -86.29889

The Alabama State Senate is the upper house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alabama. The body is composed of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, with each district containing at least 127,140 citizens. Similar to the lower house, the Alabama House of Representatives, the senate serves both without term limits and with a four-year term.

The Alabama State Senate meets at the State House in Montgomery.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the United States Senate, the senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Marinella (1969 album)
Marinella (Greek: Μαρινέλλα) is the name of a self-titled album by popular Greek singer Marinella. It was released in 1969 by Margophone/Minos EMI in Greece and all songs were released on 45 rpm vinyl records in 1965–67.

Giorgos Katsaros
Giorgos Katsaros (Greek: Γιώργος Κατσαρός; born 7 March 1934) is a Greek musician and songwriter. He plays the alto saxophone. He has made a variety of recordings, collaborating amongst others with Greek musical composers and singers, such as Yannis Theodoridis, Nana Mouskouri, and Mimis Plessas.

In 1972, he wrote the music for Alekos Sakellarios' I Komissa tis Kerkyras (Greek: Η κόμησσα της Κέρκυρας The Countess of Corfu).

He is currently the art director of the Municipal Symphonic Orchestra of Athens.

He has served as a Board Member for Panathinaikos, the team he is a supporter of.
Ab Rauf Yusoh
Ab Rauf bin Yusoh  (Jawi: اب رؤوف بن يوسف; born 20 September 1961) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 13th chief minister of Malacca since March 2023 and Member of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tanjung Bidara since November 2021. He served as Senior Member of the Malacca State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Chief Minister Sulaiman Md Ali from November 2021 to his promotion to the chief ministership in March 2023 and Speaker of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly from May 2020 to October 2021. He is a Member of Supreme Council and Division Chief of Masjid Tanah of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition. He has also served as the State Chairman of BN and UMNO of Malacca since July 2018.

Malacca State Executive Council
The Malacca State Executive Council is the State Executive Council (or EXCO) as executive authority of the Government of Malacca, Malaysia. The Council comprises the Chief Minister, appointed by the Governor on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly, a number of members made up of members of the Assembly, the State Secretary, the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer.

This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia, while being smaller in size. As federal and state responsibilities differ, there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments.

Members of the Council are selected by the Chief Minister, appointed by the Governor. Unlike Sabah and Sarawak, the Council has no ministry, but instead a number of committees; each committee will take care of certain state affairs, activities and departments. Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee.
Reinforcement theory
Reinforcement theory is a limited effects media model applicable within the realm of communication. The theory generally states that people seek out and remember information that provides cognitive support for their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs. The main assumption that guides this theory is that people do not like to be wrong and often feel uncomfortable when their beliefs are challenged.

Additionally, this theory focuses on the behavior-to-consequence connection within the antecedent-behavior-consequence (ABC) model. This theory, in management, can also be referred to as operant conditioning or the law of effect.  Quite simply, this theory notes that a behavior will continue with a certain level of frequency based on pleasant or unpleasant results.

Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process in which voluntary behaviors are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversive stimuli. The frequency or duration of the behavior may increase through reinforcement or decrease through punishment or extinction.
August Lepik
August Lepik (also August Leppik; 6 February 1881 –  27 February 1955) was an Estonian politician. He was born in Pudivere, Lääne-Viru County. He was a member of Estonian National Assembly (Estonian: Rahvuskogu).

Estonian National Assembly
Estonian National Assembly (Estonian: Rahvuskogu) was a bicameral national assembly which was convened after the 1936 Estonian National Assembly referendum received popular support to draft a new constitution. The First Chamber had 80 members and was elected (although opposition parties were not allowed to stand), and the Second Chamber contained 40 representatives of corporate chambers. Elections for the First Chamber were held in December 1936 and the Estonian National Assembly sat between 18 February 1937 and 17 August 1937, approving a new constitution. The Riigikogu was substantially reformed and sat for its sixth session (VI Riigikogu) the following year.
Ian Whyte (actor)
Ian Stuart Whyte (born 17 September 1971) is a Welsh actor, stuntman and former professional basketball player. He is best known for his roles as Predators in the Alien vs. Predator film series, Sheikh Suleiman in the 2010 remake of Clash of the Titans, The Last Engineer in Prometheus, as well as various characters in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones.

Clash of the Titans (1981 film)
Clash of the Titans is a 1981 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Desmond Davis and written by Beverley Cross, loosely based on the Greek myth of Perseus. Starring Harry Hamlin, Judi Bowker, Burgess Meredith, Maggie Smith and Laurence Olivier, the film features the final work of stop-motion visual effects artist Ray Harryhausen, who also co-produced the film alongside Charles H. Schneer.

An international co-production between the United States and United Kingdom, Clash of the Titans was theatrically released on June 12, 1981, and grossed $41 million at the North American box office, making it the eleventh-highest grossing film of the year. A novelization by Alan Dean Foster was also published in 1981. A 3D remake of the same name was released by Warner Bros. on April 2, 2010.
Gary McDonald (Australian footballer)
Gary McDonald (born 3 March 1953) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

McDonald started his football career in Western Australia where he played for Swans Districts. He represented his state at interstate football in 1975 and in 1978 made his debut for St Kilda. The club struggled during the three years he was at the club and he experienced victory just once in 14 games. McDonald kicked bags of three goals in successive weeks midway through the 1979 season.

Swan Districts Football Club
The Swan Districts Football Club, nicknamed the Swans, is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW). The club is based at Bassendean Oval, in Bassendean, an eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The club was formed in 1933, and joined the then-Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) in 1934, acting as a successor to Midland Junction Football Club, which had disbanded during World War I, in the Perth Hills region.
Vedasandur taluk
10°31′49″N 77°55′22″E﻿ / ﻿10.5302058°N 77.9226457°E﻿ / 10.5302058; 77.9226457
Vedasandur taluk is a taluk of Dindigul district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Vedasandur.

Dindigul district
Dindigul district is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. Dindigul District is the largest district in Tamil Nadu by area. The district was carved out of Madurai District in 1985. It has an area of 6266.64 km2 and comprises 3 revenue divisions, 10 taluks, and 14 panchayat unions. The district is  located in Southwest of Tamil Nadu. The district is bound by Madurai district in the south,Tiruppur district in the northwest, Karur district in the north, Tiruchirappalli district in the northeast,  Theni district in the Southwest and Idukki district of Kerala to the west. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,159,775 with a sex-ratio of 998 females for every 1,000 males.