hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rose Morton
Rose Katherine Morton-Sayre (December 3, 1925 – November 12, 1999) was an American mathematician known for her work in fluid mechanics. The Morton number, a dimensionless parameter used to describe bubbles, is named after her.

Morton was born in Albemarle, North Carolina. She graduated from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (at that time a women's college) with a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1948; at the university, she was president of the Square Circle Club. She worked at the David Taylor Model Basin, a test facility for the U. S. Navy, from 1949 to 1960.

Her husband was mechanical engineer Clifford L. Sayre, Jr., who also worked at the David Taylor Model Basin from 1956 to 1960.

Bubble (physics)
A bubble is a globule of a gas substance in a liquid. In the opposite case, a globule of a liquid in a gas, is called a drop. 
Due to the Marangoni effect, bubbles may remain intact when they reach the surface of the immersive substance.
St. Francis Xavier High School (Edmonton)
St. Francis Xavier High School is a high school in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  It is operated by Edmonton Catholic Schools System. The school started in 1955, with the purpose built school (since expanded) opened in 1958. Originally part of the Town of Jasper Place school system, St. Francis Xavier transferred to the Edmonton system when Jasper Place amalgamated with Edmonton in 1964.

Edmonton annexations
The City of Edmonton has experienced a series of municipal boundary adjustments over its history since originally incorporating as a town in 1892 through incorporation as a city, amalgamation or annexation of other urban municipalities, annexation of rural lands from its surrounding neighbours, and separation of lands back to its rural neighbours. Its most recent annexations, which came into effect on January 1, 2019, involved acquisition of lands from predominantly Leduc County as well as Beaumont and Sturgeon County.
Harz-Heide Road
The Harz-Heide Road is a road that runs over the Harz mountains in Germany through heath (German: Heide) landscape and which is known for its scenery.

It runs from Göttingen along the B 27 and B 446 federal highways to Duderstadt and Herzberg. From there it continues on the B 27 to Bad Lauterberg and Braunlage. It then follows the B 4 through Bad Harzburg, Vienenburg, Wolfenbüttel, Braunschweig, Gifhorn and Uelzen to the town of Lüneburg.

Bad Harzburg
Bad Harzburg (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhaʁtsˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Bad Harzborch) is a spa town in central Germany, in the Goslar district of Lower Saxony. It lies on the northern edge of the Harz mountains and is a recognised saltwater spa and climatic health resort.
Water on Venus
Water on Venus is the hypothesis that for 2 billion years, a shallow liquid water ocean may have covered the surface of Venus. It is thought that dry land lying near the equator would have limited the evaporation of oceans and the greenhouse effect, allowing liquid water to exist for some time on Venus.

Magellan (spacecraft)
The Magellan spacecraft was a 1,035-kilogram (2,282 lb) robotic space probe launched by NASA on May 4, 1989. Its mission objectives were to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic-aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field.

The Magellan probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit. Magellan was the fifth successful NASA mission to Venus, and it ended an eleven-year gap in U.S. interplanetary probe launches.
Marl (Conwy electoral ward)
Marl is one of the electoral wards in the community of Conwy, Conwy County Borough, Wales. It elects councillors to Conwy Town Council and, until 2022, also elected representatives to Conwy County Borough Council.

Conwy County Borough
Conwy County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy) is a county borough in the north of Wales. It borders Gwynedd to the west and south and Denbighshire to the east. The largest settlement is Colwyn Bay, and Conwy is the administrative centre.

Conwy has an area of 1,126 square kilometres (435 sq mi) and a population of 114,891 in 2024, making it sparsely populated. The population is concentrated along the coast, along which are several seaside resorts and the county's largest towns: Colwyn Bay (34,284), Llandudno (20,701), and Conwy (14,753). Inland is much less populous, and the only town is Llanrwst (3,323).
Steneurytion hawaiiensis
Steneurytion hawaiiensis is a species of centipede in the Geophilidae family. It was described in 1953 by American myriapodologist Ralph Vary Chamberlin. This species is known from a single male specimen measuring 28 mm in length with 39 pairs of legs.

Myriapodology
Myriapodology is the scientific study of myriapods which includes centipedes and millipedes. The field of myriapodology can also cover other myriapods such as pauropods and symphylans. Those who study myriapods are myriapodologists.
Artists Rights Society
Artists Rights Society (ARS) is a copyright, licensing, and monitoring organization for visual artists in the United States. Founded in 1987, ARS is a member of the International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers and as such represents in the United States the intellectual property rights interests of over 122,000 visual artists and estates of visual artists from around the world (painters, sculptors, photographers, architects and others).

Orphan work
An orphan work is a copyright-protected work for which rightsholders are positively indeterminate or uncontactable. Sometimes the names of the originators or rightsholders are known, yet it is impossible to contact them because additional details cannot be found. A work can become orphaned through rightsholders being unaware of their holding, or by their demise (e.g. deceased persons or defunct companies) and establishing inheritance has proved impracticable. In other cases, comprehensively diligent research fails to determine any authors, creators or originators for a work. Since 1989, the amount of orphan works in the United States has increased dramatically since some works are published anonymously, assignments of rights are not required to be disclosed publicly, and registration is optional. As a result, many works' statuses with respect to who holds which rights remain unknown to the public even when those rights are being actively exploited by authors or other rightsholders.
Rhinogobio hunanensis
Rhinogobio hunanensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Gobionidae, the gudgeons. It is endemic to the middle and upper reaches of the Yuan River in China.

It can grow to 20.3 cm (8.0 in) standard length.

Yuan River
The Yuan River, also known by its Chinese name as the Yuanjiang, is one of the four largest rivers in Hunan province in southeast-central China. It is a tributary of Yangtze River. It is 864 kilometres (537 mi) long and rises in Guizhou province in the Miao Mountains near Duyun and is navigable. The upper stream is called the Longtou River, and downstream it is called the Qingshui or Ch‘ing-shui River. It becomes the Yuan River after its confluence with its northern tributary, the Wu River.

After its merger with the Wu River, the Yuan flows in a northeasterly direction, hugging the western side of the Xuefeng Mountains of Hunan. Ultimately, the Yuan flows into the Dongting Lake at Changde and from there into the Yangtze River. The Yuan serves as a major waterway for western Hunan and eastern Guizhou. The Yuan is navigable for large vessels up to Changde, whereas smaller boats can make it to Taoyuan.
Motorola Aura
Motorola Aura (model no. R1), also marketed as MOTOAURA, is a luxury mobile phone introduced by Motorola in October 2008 for the GSM network. The Aura R1 was launched with a price of approximately US$2,000. It features a 2 megapixel camera, 2GB of internal memory, and a user interface optimized for its circular display, which is a 1.55" screen with a resolution of 300 DPI.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.
Brad Bolen
Bradford Bolen (born January 22, 1989, in River Forest, Illinois) is a judoka from United States.

He was in group of 2012 Olympic hopefuls. His current biggest success is winning Pan American Judo Championships in 2010 where he stunned the international field of 66 kg players by winning automatically, only after his opponents were disqualified and not even allowed to compete.

Brad is currently the Head Junior Coach at the Jason Morris Judo Center in  Glenville, New York.

Glenville, New York
Glenville is a town in Schenectady County, New York, United States. It was incorporated in 1821 from Schenectady. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 29,326.

Including the village of Scotia, the town of Glenville encompasses the part of Schenectady County north of the Mohawk River.
LXVI Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
The LXVI Army Corps (German: LXVI. Armeekorps), initially known as the LXVI Reserve Corps (German: LXVI. Reservekorps), was an army corps of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. The corps was formed in September 1942.

Erich Marcks
Erich Marcks (6 June 1891 – 12 June 1944) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He authored the first draft of the operational plan, Operation Draft East, for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, advocating what was later known as A–A line as the goal for the Wehrmacht to achieve, within nine to seventeen weeks. Marcks studied philosophy in Freiburg in 1909.
Sonny Winters
Lingel A. "Sonny" Winters (June 2, 1900 – October 5, 1945) was an American football player born in Napoleon, Ohio.

A recounting by his nephew, Jack Winters, was that Sonny was seen playing basketball in a campus tournament by head football coach George Gauthier which got him recruited to Ohio Wesleyan.

He played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) as a quarterback for the Columbus Tigers (1923–1924).

He was selected as the third-team quarterback on the 1924 All-Pro Team.

Columbus Panhandles
The Columbus Panhandles were a professional American football team based in Columbus, Ohio. The club was founded in 1901 by workers at the Panhandle shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad. They were a part of the Ohio League from 1904 before folding after one season. Three years later, the team tried again, playing in the Ohio League from 1907 to 1919, not winning a championship, before becoming charter members of the American Professional Football Association (APFA) which became the National Football League (NFL).

The Panhandles are credited with playing in the first NFL game against the Dayton Triangles. They have no NFL championships, but Joseph Carr, the team's owner from 1907 to 1922, is enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame for his work as NFL president.
William O'Gara
William B. O'Gara (December 6, 1931 – November 5, 2024) was an American schoolteacher and politician from Maine. O'Gara, a Democrat, served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1985 to 1997 and in the Maine Senate from 1997 to 2003, representing his residence in Westbrook, Maine, and nearby areas of Cumberland County.

Westbrook, Maine
Westbrook is a city in Cumberland County, Maine, United States and a suburb of Portland. The population was 20,400 at the 2020 census, making it the fastest-growing city in Maine between 2010 and 2020. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.
G-man
G-man (short for "government man", plural G-men) is an American slang term for agents of the United States Government. It is especially used as a term for an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

G-man is also a term used for members of G Division, a Dublin Metropolitan Police unit operating out of Dublin Castle prior to Irish independence in 1922. Colonel Ned Broy uses the term in his official testimony for the Irish Army's Bureau of Military History in their archive of the Easter Rising (1916) and the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921).

Eamon Broy
Eamon "Ned" Broy (also called Edward Broy; 22 December 1887 – 22 January 1972) was successively a member of the Dublin Metropolitan Police, the Irish Republican Army, the National Army, and the Garda Síochána of the Irish Free State.  He served as Commissioner of the Gardaí from February 1933 to June 1938. He later served as president of the Olympic Council of Ireland for fifteen years.
Cortland at Colliers Yard
Cortland at Colliers Yard is a 153-metre (500 ft), 50-storey residential skyscraper in the Greengate area of Salford, England. The building is part of developer Renaker's Greengate masterplan, known as Colliers Yard, which comprises three adjacent towers: Bankside, which topped out in 2025, and Parkside, which was granted planning permission in March 2023. It was designed by OMI Architects, with Denton Corker Marshall serving as delivery architects. As of January 2026, it is the tallest building in Salford and the 10th-tallest in Greater Manchester.

Greengate, Salford
Greengate is an inner-city suburb of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. It is bounded by the River Irwell, Victoria Bridge Street and Chapel Street, Blackfriars Road and Trinity Way. Greengate is the original historic core of Salford and sits within the easternmost part of the City of Salford. Greengate is currently experiencing a period of intensive development activity and growth, benefiting from its location just across the River Irwell from the City of Manchester.
Cedar Brush Creek
Cedar Brush Creek is a suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, located 24 kilometres (15 mi) upstream from Wyong along the Wyong River. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area.

The first permanent resident was William Beaven who was also the first person buried at St Barnabas Church Yarramalong.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.
Vologda Aviation Enterprise
Joint-Stock Company "Vologda Aviation Enterprise", doing business as Vologda Air Company (VAC, Вологодское авиапредприятие, Vologodskoje aviapredprijatije), is an airline with its head office on the property of Vologda Airport in Vologda, Russia. It operates scheduled domestic and regional passenger services. It was formerly the Aeroflot Vologda division, United Air Detachment of Northern Territorial Board of Civil Aviation (1952–1963), Vologda United Air Detachment (1963–1991) and Vologda Air Company (1991–present).

The airline also has branches located on the properties of the airports serving Belozersk, Kichmengsky Gorodok, Nikolsk, Nyuksenitsa, Totma, Veliky Ustyug, and Vytegra. These branches are not legal divisions of the company.

At any one time they have an average of 1500 staff working there.

It is currently banned from flying into the European Union.

Nyuksenitsa
Nyuksenitsa (Russian: Ню́ксеница) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nyuksensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River. It also serves as the administrative center of Beryozovsky and Nyuksensky Selsoviets, two of the eleven selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Nyuksenskoye Rural Settlement. Population:  4,271 (2010 Census); 4,407 (2002 Census); 4,164 (1989 Soviet census).
Gier Choung Aloung
Gier Chuang Aloung is a South Sudanese politician. He served as Minister of Internal Affairs in the Cabinet of South Sudan. He was appointed to that position on 10 July 2011. In 2013, Gier was  accused and arrested for a coup attempt that killed hundreds, though he denied all involvement and was later released and exonerated. Gier is now a businessman with ventures all over east Africa that he runs with the help of his children and wife. He is also a very well respected golf enthusiast and is the current president of the South Sudan Golf Union.

Interior minister
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency management, supervision of regional and local governments, conduct of elections, public administration and immigration (including passport issuance) matters. This position is head of a department that is often called an interior ministry, a ministry of internal affairs or a ministry of home affairs. In some jurisdictions, there is no department called an "interior ministry", but the relevant responsibilities are allocated to other departments.
Hans Döring (SS-Brigadeführer)
Johannes Rudolf Georg Hans Döring (31 August 1901 – 2 July 1970) was a German Nazi Party politician,  SS-Brigadeführer and officer in the Waffen-SS. He held important SS commands in several major cities of Nazi Germany and served as an SS and Police Leader in Stalino (today, Donetsk) during the Second World War.

Untersturmführer
Untersturmführer (German: [ˈʊntɐʃtʊʁmˌfyːʁɐ], lit. 'Junior storm leader'; short: Ustuf) was a paramilitary rank of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) first created in July 1934. The rank can trace its origins to the older SA rank of Sturmführer, which had existed since the founding of the SA in 1921. The rank of Untersturmführer was senior to Hauptscharführer (or Sturmscharführer in the Waffen-SS) and junior to the rank of Obersturmführer.
Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts
Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in Massachusetts since May 17, 2004, as a result of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health that it was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Massachusetts to allow only opposite-sex couples to marry. Massachusetts was the sixth jurisdiction in the world to legalize same-sex marriage after the Netherlands, Belgium, Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec. It was the first U.S. state to open marriage to same-sex couples.

Same-sex marriage in Belgium
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Belgium since 1 June 2003. A bill for the legalization of same-sex marriages was passed by the Senate on 28 November 2002, and by the Chamber of Representatives on 30 January 2003. King Albert II granted his assent, and the bill entered into force on 1 June. Polling indicates that a significant majority of Belgians support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. Belgium was the second country in the world to legalise same-sex marriage, after the Netherlands.

"Statutory cohabitation", a form of civil union open to any two legally consenting cohabiting persons, has been available since 1 January 2000.
The lamps are going out
"The lamps are going out all over Europe, we shall not see them lit again in our life-time", British Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey remarked to a friend on the eve of the United Kingdom's entry into the First World War. First published in Grey's memoirs in 1925, the statement earned wide attention as an accurate perception of the First World War and its geopolitical and cultural consequences.

Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)
The secretary of state for foreign, commonwealth and development affairs, commonly known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The role is one of the most senior ministers in the UK Government and is a Great Office of State. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and National Security Council, and reports directly to the prime minister.

The officeholder works alongside the other Foreign Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow foreign secretary. The Foreign Affairs Select Committee also evaluates the secretary of state's performance.

The current foreign secretary is Yvette Cooper. She was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.
Trond Einar Moen Pedersli
Trond Einar Moen Pedersli  (born 21 February 1994) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor. He was born in Trondheim. At the 2018 European Orienteering Championships in Cadempino he won a bronze medal in the sprint relay with the Norwegian team. He competed at the 2018 World Orienteering Championships in Latvia, where he qualified for the sprint final, placing 23rd.

As a track athlete representing Strindheim IL, he placed 8th in 5000 metres at the 2017 Norwegian Championships.

Strindheim IL
Strindheim Idrettslag is a Norwegian multisports club located in Trondheim. It has sections for athletics, handball, football, speed skating, and cross-country skiing. The cross-country ski team has several world cup competitors (see separate article for Petter Northug). The football team currently plays in the 3. divisjon after being promoted from 4. divisjon in 2018.
HMS Orestes (1805)
HMS Orestes was a 16-gun brig-sloop of the Seagull class of the British Royal Navy, launched in October 1805. She served during the Napoleonic Wars, primarily in the North Sea and the Channel, where she captured three privateers. The Navy sold her in 1817.

Seagull-class brig-sloop
The Seagull class were built as a class of thirteen 16-gun brig-sloops for the Royal Navy, although an extra 2 carronades were added soon after completion. The class was designed by one of the Surveyors of the Navy - Sir William Rule -  and approved on 4 January 1805. Five vessels to this design were ordered in December 1804; eight more were ordered in the summer of 1805.
Sergeant Cecil
Sergeant Cecil (2 May 1999 – 23 June 2024) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. Sold very cheaply as a foal, he was a slow-maturing stayer who showed unremarkable form in his first four seasons and took fourteen attempts to win his first race. As a six-year-old in 2005 he made rapid improvement and completed a unique treble in handicap races when he won the Northumberland Plate, Ebor Handicap and Cesarewitch Handicap. In the following year he made a successful transition to weight-for-age races, taking the Lonsdale Cup, Doncaster Cup and Prix du Cadran. He was never as good again, but recorded a final major victory in the 2007 Yorkshire Cup. He was an example of a "hold up" horse who typically dropped to the back of the field before coming with a late charge in the closing stages.

Cesarewitch Handicap
The Cesarewitch Handicap is a flat handicap horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Newmarket over a distance of 2 miles and 2 furlongs (3,621 metres), and finishes on the Rowley Mile. It is scheduled to take place each year in October.