hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hopkins v. Reeves
Hopkins v. Reeves, 524 U.S. 88 (1998), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, in death-penalty cases, the constitution does not require juries to be informed of a lesser-included offense that may suit the facts without being death-eligible when the proposed alternative is not a lesser-included offense under state law. In this case, the proposed alternative was manslaughter; however, manslaughter is not a lesser-included offense of felony murder under Nebraska law.

Lesser included offense
In criminal law, a lesser included offense is a crime for which all of the elements necessary to impose liability are also elements found in a more serious crime.  It is also used in non-criminal violations of law, such as certain classes of traffic offenses.

For example, the common law crime of larceny requires the taking and carrying away of tangible property from another person, with the intent of permanently depriving the owner of that property. Robbery, under the common law, requires all of the same elements and also the use of force or intimidation to accomplish the taking. Therefore, larceny is a lesser included offense in the offense of robbery, as every robbery includes a larcenous act as part of the crime. Assault is also a lesser included offense of robbery, just as false imprisonment is usually a lesser included offense of kidnapping. However, an offense will not be a lesser included offense if it carries a maximum penalty greater than that carried by the charged offense.
Strathmore (Maryland)
Strathmore is a cultural and artistic venue and institution in North Bethesda, Maryland, United States.  Strathmore was founded in 1981 and consists of two venues: the Mansion and the Music Center.

It is the home to hundreds of performances and events per year presented by Strathmore Hall Foundation, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, National Philharmonic, Annapolis Symphony Orchestra, Levine Music, City Dance, interPLAY Orchestra, and others.

The Strathmore arts complex is connected to an upper floor of the parking garage at the Grosvenor-Strathmore Washington Metro station via an elevated pedestrian walkway, the Carlton R. Sickles Memorial Sky Bridge, named after late Congressman Carlton R. Sickles. The complex is thus accessible for patrons coming from Washington, D.C., as well as the northern part of Montgomery County, Maryland via the Metro rail system.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
Songkhla Lake
Songkhla Lake (Thai: ทะเลสาบสงขลา, RTGS: Thale Sap Songkhla, IPA: [tʰa.leː sàːp sǒŋ.kʰlǎː]) is the largest natural lake in Thailand. It is on the Malay Peninsula in Southern Thailand. Covering an area of 1,040 km2 it borders the provinces of Songkhla and Phatthalung. Despite being called a lake, it is actually a lagoon complex.

The lake is divided into three distinct parts. The southern part opens with a 380 m wide strait to the Gulf of Thailand at the city of Songkhla. Here it contains brackish water about half the salinity of seawater. Further north, after a narrowing to 6 km width, is the Thale Luang (782.80 km2). At the northern end between mangrove swamps is the 28 km2 Thale Noi in Phatthalung Province. The most striking feature is the long 75 km long spit which separates the lake from the sea. Unlike most spits, it was probably formed when originally existing islands were connected by silting from the lake precursor.

Siltation
Siltation is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. Siltation is most often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill.

It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term "sediment pollution", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity.
Lion Grove Garden
The Lion Grove Garden (simplified Chinese: 狮子林园; traditional Chinese: 獅子林園; pinyin: Shī Zǐ Lín Yuán; Suzhou Wu, Wugniu: sy1 tsy3 lin2 yoe2, Wu Chinese pronunciation: [sz̩ tsz̩ lin ɦyø]) is a garden located at 23 Yuanlin Road in Gusu District (formerly Pingjiang District), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. The garden is famous for the large and labyrinthine grotto of taihu rocks at its center. The name of the garden is derived from the shape of these rocks, which are said to resemble lions. The garden is recognized with other classical gardens in Suzhou as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Suzhou dialect
Suzhounese (Suzhounese: 蘇州閒話; sou1 tseu1 ghe2 gho6), also known as the Suzhou dialect (alternatively Soochow dialect), is the variety of Chinese traditionally spoken in the city of Suzhou in Jiangsu, China. Suzhounese is a variety of Wu Chinese, and was traditionally considered the Wu Chinese prestige dialect. Suzhounese has a large vowel inventory and it is relatively conservative in initials by preserving voiced consonants from Middle Chinese.
Portugal at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Portugal competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. It was the nation's third appearance at the Olympics, after debuting in 1912.

A delegation of thirty competitors (biggest at the time) participated in eight sports, with the equestrian team winning the nation's first ever Olympic medal.

First Portuguese Republic
The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

The sixteen years of the First Republic saw eight presidents and 45 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance.
Scoparia eutacta
Scoparia eutacta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1931. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are white with blackish irroration (sprinkling). There is a white antemedian transverse line, edged with blackish. There are two brown-blackish spots, as well as some blackish dots on the costa. The postmedian line is white and there is a series of blackish spots on the termen and tornus. The hindwings are whitish. Adults have been recorded on wing in March.

Alfred Jefferis Turner
Alfred Jefferis Turner (3 October 1861 in Canton – 29 December 1947 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) was a pediatrician and amateur entomologist. He was the son of missionary Frederick Storrs-Turner. He introduced the use of diphtheria antitoxin to Australia in 1895, and resided in Dauphin Terrace, Highgate Hill, Brisbane.

The Jefferis Turner Centre for mothercraft was opened in 1952 as part of the Queensland Government's Maternal and Child Welfare program. In 1986, its role was changed to provide short-term respite care for intellectually disabled children. It is located in the heritage building Fairy Knoll in Ipswich.
PCI-SIG
PCI-SIG, or Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group, is an electronics industry consortium responsible for specifying the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), PCI-X, and PCI Express (PCIe) computer buses.  It is based in Beaverton, Oregon. The PCI-SIG is distinct from the similarly named and adjacently-focused PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group.

It has produced the PCI, PCI-X and PCI Express specifications.

As of 2024, the board of directors of the PCI-SIG has representatives from: AMD, ARM, Dell EMC, IBM, Intel, Synopsys, Keysight, NVIDIA, and Qualcomm. The chairman and president of the PCI-SIG is Al Yanes, a "Distinguished Engineer" from IBM. The executive director of the PCI-SIG is Reen Presnell, president of VTM Group (an association management company).

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Crossostephium
Crossostephium is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The only species is Crossostephium chinense native to parts of Japan (Kazan-retto, Nansei-shoto), Taiwan, Guangdong, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and the Philippines.

Volcano Islands
The Volcano Islands (火山列島, Kazan Rettō), also known as Iwo Islands (硫黄列島, Iō Rettō) are a group of three Japanese islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. They lie southwest of the Ogasawara Islands and are administered as part of the Ogasawara, Tokyo Metropolis. The islands are all active volcanoes lying atop the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc that stretches south to the Marianas. They have an area of 32.55 square kilometres (12.57 mi2), and a population of 380. The island of Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands lies about 1,240 kilometres (670 nmi; 771 mi) southeast of Miyazaki.
Shuriken Sentai Ninninger the Movie: The Dinosaur Lord's Splendid Ninja Scroll!
Shuriken Sentai Ninninger the Movie: The Dinosaur Lord's Splendid Ninja Scroll! (手裏剣戦隊ニンニンジャー THE MOVIE 恐竜殿さまアッパレ忍法帖！, Shuriken Sentai Ninninjā Za Mūbī Kyōryū Tono-sama Appare Ninpōchō!) is a Japanese superhero film serving as the theatrical adaptation of the 2015 Super Sentai television series Shuriken Sentai Ninninger. It was released on August 8, 2015, as a double-billing with Kamen Rider Drive: Surprise Future The film is written by television series screenwriter Kento Shimoyama.

Fujiwara (comedy duo)
Fujiwara (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese comedy duo (kombi) consisting of Toshifumi Fujimoto (藤本 敏史) and Takayuki Haranishi (原西 孝幸). They are from Osaka, but are currently primarily active in Tokyo and, like most other comedians originating the Kansai region, are employed by Yoshimoto Kōgyō.
Wierzbowo-Wieś
Wierzbowo-Wieś [vjɛʐˈbɔvɔ ˈvjɛɕ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zambrów, within Zambrów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is located 6 km (4 mi) from Mragowo near the national road No. 59.

Zambrów County
Zambrów County (Polish: powiat zambrowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zambrów, which lies 64 kilometres (40 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.

The county covers an area of 733.11 square kilometres (283.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 43,663, out of which the population of Zambrów is 22,098 and the rural population is 21,565.
Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play
The Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play was an annual award given to the best featured actress in a non-musical play on Broadway or Off-Broadway, as determined by Outer Critics Circle. The award was established in 1997 as "Best Featured Actress in a Musical," before formally changing to "Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play" in 1999.

The award was retired in 2022 and replaced by Outstanding Featured Performer in a Broadway Play and Outstanding Featured Performer in an Off-Broadway Play in gender-neutral performance categories.

Allison Janney and Laurie Metcalf are the only performers to win the award twice (both from two nominations), while Jan Maxwell has the most nominations with four. Close behind are Kristine Nielsen, Jayne Houdyshell and Judith Light with three nominations.

Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Performer in an Off-Broadway Play
The Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Performance by a Featured Performer in an Off-Broadway Play is an honor presented at the Outer Critics Circle Awards, a ceremony established in 1950 for excellence in Off-Broadway productions, to actors for quality leading roles in a play, whether a new production or a revival. The awards replaced the former awards for Outstanding Featured Actor and Actress in a Play in 2022, voting to establish distinct Broadway and Off-Broadway gender-neutral categories.
Elle Purrier St. Pierre
Elinor Purrier St. Pierre (born February 20, 1995), better known as Elle Purrier St. Pierre, is an American track and field athlete who specializes in middle-distance and long-distance running. She won a gold medal in the 3000 meters at the 2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships in Glasgow. Purrier is a two-time Olympian for the United States, making the final in the 1500m at both the 2020 and 2024 Olympic Games.

University of New Hampshire
The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover, moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923.

The university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

As of 2018, its combined campuses made UNH the largest state university system in the state of New Hampshire, with over 15,000 students. It was also the most expensive state-sponsored school in the United States for in-state students.
Matthias Murmann
Matthias Joachim Murmann, (né Matthias Joachim Schulz; born 28 August 1984) is a German film producer. He is known for shows such as Neo Magazin and How to Sell Drugs Online (Fast). Murmann was awarded the Grimme-Preis and the Deutscher Fernsehpreis.

Westdeutscher Rundfunk
Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (pronounced [ˈvɛstˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk ˈkœln]; "West German Broadcasting Cologne"), shortened to WDR (pronounced [ˌveːdeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD. As well as contributing to the output of the national television channel Das Erste, WDR produces the regional television service WDR Fernsehen (formerly known as WDF and West3) and six regional radio networks.
Jean Spiro
Jean Herszek Spiro (19 February 1847, in Arnhem – 13 April 1914, in Lausanne) was a Swiss clergyman and orientalist.

In 1871 he received his ordination in Neuchâtel, and afterwards served as a pastor in the communities of Trey (1872–76) and Porrentruy (1876–83). From 1883 to 1890 he taught classes in oriental languages at Collège Sadiki in Tunis. In 1891 he returned to Switzerland, where he became a lecturer at the University of Lausanne and served as a pastor in the town of Vufflens-la-Ville. In 1894 he was named an associate professor of Semitic and oriental languages at Lausanne. Among the lessons he taught at the university, were classes on Phoenician and Sabaean epigraphy.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
2018 UCI World Championships
There are several 2018 UCI World Championships. The International Cycling Union (UCI) holds World Championships every year. For 2018, this includes:

2018 UCI Road World Championships

2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships

2018 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships

2018 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships

2018 UCI BMX World Championships

2018 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships

2018 UCI Road World Championships
The 2018 UCI Road World Championships were held in Innsbruck, Austria. It was the 91st UCI Road World Championships and the third to be held in Austria.

The World Championships consisted of a total of twelve competitions, one road race, one team time trial and one individual time trial for men and women, as well as one road race and one individual time trial for U23 riders and juniors. The Tour de Suisse organisers were responsible for the operational organisation of the races. The competitions were very demanding: the 265-kilometre men's road race had nine climbs with around 5000 metres of altitude difference. Because of the many climbs, some sprinters did not participate in the World Championships because they saw no prospect of success for themselves. It was the last edition to feature a team time trial for UCI trade teams. From 2019 onwards it will be replaced by a mixed team time trial for national teams.
Sam Bell (politician)
Samuel W. Bell (born July 7, 1989) is an American geologist and politician who serves in the Rhode Island State Senate representing the 5th district in Providence. A Democrat, he was first elected to the senate in the 2018 elections, and assumed office in 2019. Bell is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America.

Rhode Island Senate
The Rhode Island Senate is the upper house of the Rhode Island General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, the lower house being the Rhode Island House of Representatives. It is composed of 38 Senators, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Rhode Island is one of the 14 states where its upper house serves at a two-year cycle, rather than the normal four-year term as in most states. There is no limit to the number of terms that a Senator may serve. The Rhode Island Senate meets at the Rhode Island State Capitol in Providence.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, commissions and boards and Justices to the Rhode Island Judiciary.
William J. Sutherland
William James Sutherland CBE FRS (born 27 April 1956) is the Director of Research at the University of Cambridge Department of Zoology, and was previously  the Miriam Rothschild Professor of Conservation Biology. He has been the president of the British Ecological Society. He has been a Fellow of St Catharine's College, Cambridge since 2008. In 2025, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Calling Festival
Calling Festival (formerly Hyde Park Calling and Hard Rock Calling) was an annual music festival, formerly held in Hyde Park, London, from 2006 until 2012, and from 2013 in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London. In September 2013, Hard Rock International announced that they would no longer be sponsoring the festival; however, the event returned in 2014 and 2015 under the name Calling Festival at the Clapham Common.

The music played is primarily rock music, and various performers, including The Killers, Paul McCartney, Eric Clapton, The Who, Bon Jovi, Roger Waters (with Nick Mason), The Police, Aerosmith, Neil Young and Bruce Springsteen have played at the event. The festival was organised by Hard Rock Cafe and Live Nation.

Hard Rock Cafe
Hard Rock Cafe, Inc. is a chain of theme bar-restaurants, memorabilia shops, casinos, hotels and museums founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London. In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, a tradition which expanded to others in the chain. In 2007, Hard Rock Cafe International (USA), Inc. was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida and was headquartered in Orlando, Florida, until April 2018, when the corporate offices were relocated to Davie, Florida.  The Hard Rock Cafe chain continues to be owned by Hard Rock International.
Umm Khalid
Umm Khalid (Arabic: أم خالد), also called Mukhalid, was a Palestinian village in the Tulkarm Subdistrict, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) west of Tulkarm. It was an ancient site in the central coastline of what is now the city of Netanya, Israel.

Tulkarm
32°18′45″N 35°1′36″E﻿ / ﻿32.31250°N 35.02667°E﻿ / 32.31250; 35.02667

Tulkarm or Tulkarem (Arabic: طولكرم, Ṭūlkarm) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine and the capital of the Tulkarm Governorate. Netanya is to the west in Israel, while Nablus and Jenin are to the east. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2017 Tulkarm had a population of 64,532. Tulkarm is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority.