hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation
The Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation is the law enforcement agency under the Ministry of Finance responsible for investigating violations of India's tax laws, including fraud, evasion and money laundering. The controlling authority is the Investigation Division of the Central Board of Direct Taxes.

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
Louis Gerlach Pareau
Louis Gerlach Pareau, (August 10, 1800 – October 27, 1866) was a Dutch theologian born in Deventer. He was the son of Jean Henri Pareau (1761–1833), a professor of Oriental languages at the University of Utrecht.

In 1826 he graduated from Utrecht with a dissertation titled Commentatio critica et exegetica in Paulinae Epistolae prioris ad Corinthos caput XIII. In 1831 he was appointed professor of theology at the University of Groningen, where he remained until his death in 1866. At Groningen he taught classes in exegesis and hermeneutics.

Pareau was one of the three founders of the so-called "Groningen School", a progressive movement within the Dutch Reformed Church. In 1837 he was co-founder, and for many years, editor of the journal Waarheid in Liefde (Truth in Love). With Petrus Hofstede de Groot (1802-1886), he was co-author of the Encyclopaedia theologi Christiani.

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Marlin Eller
Marlin Eller is an American programmer who was a manager and a software developer at Microsoft Corporation from 1982 to 1995, and he was development lead for the Graphics Device Interface of Windows 1.0 and also for Pen Windows. He was also a co-founder and the CEO of Sunhawk Digital Music LLC. He was later chairman of the game development company Reflexive Entertainment.

Eller also co-authored the book Barbarians Led by Bill Gates with Jennifer Edstrom.

Eller received his Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Whitman College in 1974. He then went on for his Master of Science in mathematics from the University of Washington.

Whitman College
Whitman College is a private liberal arts college in Walla Walla, Washington. The school offers 53 majors and 33 minors in the liberal arts, and it has a student-to-faculty ratio of 9:1.

Founded as a seminary by a territorial legislative charter in 1859, the school became a four-year degree-granting institution in 1882 and abandoned its religious affiliation in 1907. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities and competes athletically in the NCAA Division III as a member of the Northwest Conference.
Load rejection
Load rejection in an electric power system is the condition in which there is a sudden load loss in the system which causes the generating equipment to be over-frequency.

A load rejection test is part of commissioning for power systems to confirm that the system can withstand a sudden loss of load and return to normal operating conditions using its governor. Load banks are normally used for these tests.

Electric power system
An electric power system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power. An example of a power system is the electrical grid that provides power to homes and industries within an extended area.  The electrical grid can be broadly divided into the generators that supply the power, the transmission system that carries the power from the generating centers to the load centers, and the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries.

Smaller power systems are also found in industry, hospitals, commercial buildings, and homes. A single line diagram helps to represent this whole system. The majority of these systems rely upon three-phase AC power—the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world. Specialized power systems that do not always rely upon three-phase AC power are found in aircraft, electric rail systems, ocean liners, submarines, and automobiles.
Sufasar
Sufasar was a Roman town, one of many in Roman North Africa. Sufasar faded with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. The site has been tentatively identified with ruins at Amourah in modern Algeria.

Sufasar was also the seat, of an ancient bishopric, Metropolitan of Caesarea Mauretaniae (modern Cherchell).

Its bishop, Urbanus, was one of the Catholic bishops whom the Arian Vandal king Huneric summoned to a conference in Carthage in 484 and then exiled.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
Noël Declercq
Noël Declercq (26 December 1912 – 3 May 1945) was a Belgian cyclist. He was one of the victims of the bombing of the SS Cap Arcona and SS Thielbek by the RAF in May 1945. He was one of the prisoners that were being moved from the Neuengamme concentration camp.

SS Thielbek (1940)
Thielbek was a 2,815 GRT cargo steamship that was built in Germany in 1940, sunk in an air raid in 1945, refloated in 1949 and repaired, and was in service until 1974. Lübecker Maschinenbau Gesellschaft in Lübeck built the ship in 1940 for the Knöhr and Burchard shipping company of Hamburg. In 1961 Knöhr and Burchard sold the ship to buyers who used the name Magdalene and registered the vessel in Panama. In 1965, the ship was renamed Old Warrior and was scrapped in Yugoslavia in 1974.

Thielbek is notable for having been sunk by RAF aircraft on 3 May 1945, killing 2,750 people aboard. The ship was at anchor in the Bay of Lübeck with the passenger ships Cap Arcona and the Deutschland, which were sunk in the same air raid. At the time Cap Arcona and Thielbek were crowded with prisoners from the Neuengamme, Stutthof, and Mittelbau-Dora concentration camps.
King's Scout Award
King's Scout can refer to several ranks in Scout organizations around the world:

King Scout, the highest rank in the National Scout Organization of Thailand

Pengakap Raja, the highest rank in the Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia

King's Scout is the highest rank in many Commonwealth countries; termed Queen's Scout during the reign of a female monarch of the Commonwealth realms

National Scout Organization of Thailand
The National Scout Organization of Thailand (NSOT; Thai: คณะลูกเสือแห่งชาติ, RTGS: Khana Luk Suea Haeng Chat), informally known as the Luk Suea (Thai: ลูกเสือ, lit. "Tiger Cubs"), is the national Scouting organization of Thailand. Scouting was founded in Thailand in 1911 and was among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. It is currently regulated by the Scouting Act, B.E. 2551 (2008). The organization has 828,248 members (as of 2013) and is open to boys and girls.
Ben Bhabra
Benjamin 'Ben' Jack Bhabra (born 18 August 1996) is an English cricketer.

Bhabra was born at Huddersfield in August 1996. He was educated at The Becket School, before going up to Loughborough University. While studying at The Becket School, Ben became known for eating paper. While studying at Loughborough, he played two first-class cricket matches for Loughborough MCCU against Leicestershire and Kent in 2019. He scored 14 runs in his two matches, in addition to taking a single wicket with his right-arm medium-fast bowling.

Loughborough MCC University
Loughborough MCC University (previously known as Loughborough University Centre of Cricketing Excellence) is a cricket coaching centre based at Loughborough University in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England, and the name under which the university's cricket team plays.

The former Loughborough University Centre of Cricketing Excellence played 27 first-class matches from 2001 to 2009. As Loughborough Marylebone Cricket Club University, the team has played fourteen first-class matches from 2010 to 2015.
Kennedy Cottage (Saranac Lake, New York)
Kennedy Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake, town of North Elba in Essex County, New York.  It was built about 1897 and is a large, 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame rectangular structure in the Queen Anne style.  It features a 3-story tower set at a 45-degree angle at the northwest corner of the house, glass-enclosed verandah, and three visible attached cure porches.  It was operated as a private sanatorium and the National Vaudeville Artists Philanthropic Association sent patients here before the opening of Will Rogers Memorial Hospital in 1928.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.  It is located in the Helen Hill Historic District.

North Elba, New York
North Elba is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 7,480 at the 2020 census.

North Elba is on the western edge of the county. It is 57 miles (92 km) by road southwest of Plattsburgh, 112 miles (180 km) south-southwest of Montreal, and 138 miles (222 km) north of Albany. While it is only 59 miles (95 km) west-southwest of Burlington, Vermont, one would have to either take a ferry across Lake Champlain, or drive around it. The entirety of the village of Lake Placid is located within the boundaries of North Elba, as is part of the village of Saranac Lake.
Brampton Assembly
Brampton Assembly Plant is a Stellantis Canada automobile factory located at 2000 Williams Parkway East Brampton, Ontario, Canada. Originally built by American Motors Corporation (AMC) for US$260 million, in the Bramalea, Ontario area of Brampton, the manufacturing plant was specially designed for building the Eagle Premier. Its role since has primarily been to assemble full-sized Chrysler products.

It was originally opened as the "Bramalea Assembly" under American Motors. At the time, AMC had another, older, facility in Brampton that was known as "Brampton Assembly" which was located at Kennedy Road and Steeles Avenue. It had been built and operated from 1961 until 1992 under American Motors and later Chrysler, assembling American Motors and Jeep vehicles. After the older facility was shut down and sold off for warehouse use in 1992, Chrysler renamed  the newer Bramalea Assembly to the Brampton Assembly.

Chrysler 300
The Chrysler 300 is a full-size car produced by Chrysler under Stellantis North America and its predecessors. The first generation (model years 2005–2010) was available as a four-door sedan and station wagon, in the second generation (model years 2011–2023) was available solely as a sedan.

The second generation 300 was marketed as the Chrysler 300C in the United Kingdom and Ireland and as the Lancia Thema in the remainder of Europe.
Samsung Galaxy J5 (2017)
Samsung Galaxy J5 (2017) is an Android-based smartphone produced, released and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It was unveiled and released in July 2017 along with the Samsung Galaxy J3 (2017). It has an advanced 64-bit class system on a chip (SoC) backed by 2 GB of LPDDR3 RAM (933MHz). The Galaxy J5 (2017) is the successor to the Samsung Galaxy J5 (2016). Another version of the Galaxy J5 (2017), the Samsung Galaxy J5 Pro was released for the Malaysian market with 3 GB of RAM and 32 GB of internal storage, while the other specifications are the same.

The Galaxy J5 (2017) was available at the major carriers following the Galaxy J3.

LPDDR
Low-Power Double Data Rate (LPDDR) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) designed to use less power than conventional memory. It is commonly used in smartphones, tablet computers, and laptops, where reducing power consumption is important for battery life. For this reason, earlier versions of the technology were also known as Mobile DDR.

LPDDR differs from standard DDR SDRAM in both design and features, with changes that make it more suitable for mobile devices. Unlike DDR, which is typically installed in removable modules, LPDDR is usually soldered directly onto the device's motherboard to conserve space and improve efficiency. Although LPDDR uses a generational naming convention similar to that of DDR memory (such as LPDDR4 and DDR4), the two follow separate development standards, and the version numbers do not indicate that they share the same technologies. The LPDDR standard is developed and maintained by the JEDEC Solid State Technology Association.
Aamjiwnaang First Nation
Aamjiwnaang First Nation (formerly Chippewas of Sarnia First Nation; Ojibwe: Aamjiwnaang Anishinaabek, lit. 'at the spawning stream') is an Anishinaabe (Ojibwe)  First Nations Band located on reserve land by the St. Clair River in Ontario, Canada, three miles south of the southern tip of Lake Huron. The reserve is located across from the United States border from Port Huron, Michigan, and is a result of treaties that were negotiated with the Crown in the 1820s. There are approximately 2,600 band members with about 900 living on the reserve. Their heritage language is Ojibwe.

The word Aamjiwnaang (am-JIN-nun) means "meeting place by the rapid water", which describes the surrounding communities.

St. Clair River
The St. Clair River is a 40.5-mile-long (65.2 km) river in eastern North America that flows from Lake Huron into Lake St. Clair, forming part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States and between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Michigan.  The river is a significant component in the Great Lakes Waterway, whose shipping channels permit cargo vessels to travel between the upper and lower Great Lakes. The St. Clair Delta is located at the mouth of the St. Clair River where it meets Lake St. Clair and is the largest delta in the Great Lakes system, covering approximately 140 square miles (360 km2).
Convergence (SSL)
Convergence was a proposed strategy for replacing SSL certificate authorities, first put forth by Moxie Marlinspike in August 2011 while giving a talk titled "SSL and the Future of Authenticity" at the Black Hat security conference. It was demonstrated with a Firefox addon and a server-side notary daemon.

In the talk, Marlinspike proposed that all of the current problems with the certificate authority (CA) system could be reduced to a single missing property, which he called "trust agility" and which Convergence aimed to provide. The strategy claimed to be agile, secure, and distributed.

As of 2013, Marlinspike was focused on an IETF proposal called TACK, which was designed to be an uncontroversial first step that advocates for dynamic certificate pinning instead of full CA replacement and reduces the number of times a third party needs to be trusted.

Development of Convergence was continued in a "Convergence Extra" fork until about 2014.

Add-on (Mozilla)
For Mozilla software, an add-on is a software component that extends the functionality of the Firefox web browser and related applications – although most are browser extensions. Mozilla provides add-ons to users via its official add-on website.

In 2017, Mozilla enacted major changes to the application programming interface (API) for extensions in Firefox, replacing the long-standing XPCOM-based add-on APIs with the WebExtensions API that is modeled after Google Chrome's API. Thus add-ons that remain compatible with Firefox are now largely compatible with Chrome as well. As of January 2026, there are more than 74,000 add-ons and over 511,000 themes available for Firefox.
MIAA women's basketball tournament
The Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association women's basketball tournament (formerly Missouri Intercollegiate Athletics Association women's basketball tournament) is the annual conference women's basketball championship tournament for the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association. The tournament has been held annually since 1983. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records.

The winner receives the MIAA's automatic bid to the NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament.

Emporia State and Washburn have been the most successful teams at the MIAA tournament, with nine championships each.

NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament (officially styled as "Championship" instead of "Tournament") is an annual tournament to determine the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II women's college basketball national champion.

Basketball was one of 12 women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981–82 school year, as the NCAA and Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) sought for sole governance of women's collegiate athletics. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championships; however, after a year of dual women's championships at the national level, the AIAW disbanded.

The 2020 Elite Eight was due to be held at the Birmingham CrossPlex in Birmingham, AL before the NCAA called off the tournament due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

The field was reduced to 48 in 2021 and returned to the normal 64 in 2022.

Grand Valley State are the defending national champions, winning their second national title in 2025.
Clari
Clari is an opera semiseria in three acts by Fromental Halévy, to an Italian libretto by Pietro Giannone. 
It was first produced at the Théâtre-Italien in Paris on 19 December 1828.

Clari was based on a popular novella, the storyline of which had already been set as an opera by Henry Bishop in London in 1823 (Clari, or the Maid of Milan – it included what came to be Bishop's most famous song, Home! Sweet Home!). There had also been a production of the story as Clari ou la promesse de mariage as a 'ballet-pantomime' in three acts at the Paris Opéra in 1820, with music by  Rodolphe Kreutzer and designs by Cicéri and Louis Daguerre.

Pietro Giannone
Pietro Giannone (7 May 1676 – 17 March 1748) was an Italian philosopher, historian and jurist born in Ischitella, in the province of Foggia, Kingdom of Naples. He opposed the papal influence in Naples, for which he was excommunicated and imprisoned for twelve years until his death.
Prillieuxina
Prillieuxina is a genus of fungi in the Asterinaceae family. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.

The genus name of Prillieuxina is in honour of Édouard Ernest Prillieux (1829-1915), who was a French botanist and agronomist known for his work with plant diseases.

The genus was circumscribed by Gabriel Arnaud in Ann. École Natl. Agric. Montpellier ser.2, vol.16 on pages 161-162 in 
1918.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Ducan's Marsh
Ducan's Marsh is a 3.6-hectare (8.9-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Loddon in Norfolk, England. It is part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation.

This unimproved area of wet grassland is in the valley of Carleton Beck, a small tributary of the River Yare. There are species-rich fen and fen grassland communities in areas around springs on the side of the valley. The grassland is maintained by light summer grazing and it has a number of uncommon plants.

The site is private land with no public access.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Japanese submarine I-24 (1939)
I-24 (伊24) was the fifth Type C cruiser submarines built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. During World War II, she operated as the mother ship for a midget submarine during the attack on Pearl Harbor and the attack on Sydney Harbour, supported Japanese forces during the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, and served in the Guadalcanal campaign, New Guinea campaign, and Aleutian Islands campaign. She was sunk in June 1943.

Type C submarine
The Cruiser submarine Type-C (巡潜丙型潜水艦, Junsen Hei-gata sensuikan) was one of the first classes of submarine in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) to serve during the Second World War. Type-C submarines were better armed than the Type-A and Type-B. The Type-Cs were also utilized as Kō-hyōteki or Kaiten mother ships, for this reason they were not equipped with aviation facilities.