hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross FAHA (born 3 May 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University (ANU).

Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
2022–23 Liga Leumit
The 2022–23 Liga Leumit is the 24th season as second tier since its realignment in 1999 and the 81st season of second-tier football in Israel.

A total of sixteen teams are contesting in the league, including twelve sides from the 2020-21 season, the two promoted teams from 2021–22 Liga Alef and the two relegated teams from 2021–22 Israeli Premier League.

2021–22 Israeli Premier League
The 2021–22 Israeli Premier League, also known as Ligat Tel Aviv Stock Exchange for sponsorship reasons, was the 23rd season since its introduction in 1999 and the 80th season of top-tier football in Israel.
Los Flamencos Sanctuary
Los Flamencos Sanctuary (Spanish: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Los Flamencos) has been a designated wildlife sanctuary since 1977. It is located in the Guajira Peninsula of Colombia's Caribbean Region. Its main attraction is the American flamingoes, and their nests that can reach 60 cm (2.0 ft) high.

The sanctuary is located between the fishing village of Camarones and the Tapias River, surrounded by estuaries and marshes including Manzanillo, Laguna Grande, Ciénaga del Navío Quebrado and Tocoromanes marshes.

Many other shore and water birds can be found in the sanctuary such as roseate spoonbills, great egrets, laughing gulls and many others.  The surrounding xerophytic scrub habitat is also home to many endemic birds such as buffy hummingbirds, white-whiskered spinetails, Tocuyo sparrows, and vermilion cardinals.

Laughing gull at sunset

Entrance sign

Tocuyo sparrow
The Tocuyo sparrow (Arremonops tocuyensis) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae that is found in Colombia and cities like Tocuyo and Lara of Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. The species' name comes from Tocuyo de la Costa, a town in Venezuela, which it inhabits.
Tanzan Shrine
Tanzan Shrine (談山神社, Tanzan-jinja), also known as the Danzan Shrine, the Tōnomine Shrine (多武峯社, Tōnomine-sha) and the Tōnomine Temple (多武峯寺, Tōnomine-ji), is a Shinto shrine in Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is located 5km from Ishibutai Kofun.

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture (奈良県, Nara-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425 sq mi). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
Kamchatka Krai Police
The Main Directorate for Internal Affairs of Kamchatka (Russian: Главного управления Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации по Камчатский край) or the Police of Kamchatka (Russian: Полиция Камчатки) is the main law enforcement agency in Government of Kamchatka Krai in Far East Russia. The central Headquarters is in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Militsiya
The militsiya was the police force of the Russian SFSR and Soviet Union from 1917 to 1991. The term was likewise used for police forces in several Eastern Bloc countries and in the SFR Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992.

The term militsiya continues to be used in common and sometimes official usage in some of the individual post-Soviet states, such as Belarus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as in the partially recognised or unrecognised republics of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. In Russian law enforcement, the term remained in official usage until the police reform of 2011.
Santo Pecado
Santo Pecado (English: Holy Sin) is the ninth studio album recorded by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona. It was released by Sony BMG Latin on November 19, 2002 (see 2002 in music) and was produced by Arjona, Carlos Cabral Jr. and Fernando Otero. The album earned nomination for Latin Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Album in the 4th Annual Latin Grammy Awards on September 3, 2003, losing by Quizás by Enrique Iglesias.

Guatemalans
Guatemalans (Spanish: guatemaltecos or less commonly guatemalenses) are people connected to the country of Guatemala. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Guatemalans, several (if not all) of these connections exist.

Guatemala is a multicultural society, though most Guatemalans have varying degrees of European (predominantly Spaniard) and Amerindian ancestry. Guatemalans are also colloquially nicknamed chapines in other Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America.
Tony Williams (rugby league)
Tony Williams (born 12 December 1988), also known by the nickname of "T-Rex", is a former professional rugby league footballer. He played for both Tonga and Australia at international level.

He played for the Parramatta Eels, Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, where he won the 2011 NRL Grand Final, the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the National Rugby League. He has also played for the Blacktown Workers Sea Eagles in the Canterbury Cup NSW. He played on the wing and as a centre earlier in his career. Williams played for NSW City Origin and New South Wales in the State of Origin series.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.
White Waltham Airfield
White Waltham Airfield (ICAO: EGLM) is an operational general aviation aerodrome located at White Waltham, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southwest of Maidenhead, in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England.

This large grass airfield is best known for its association with the Air Transport Auxiliary from 1940 to 1945 and also has a significant history of prewar flying training, wartime and postwar RAF use and postwar use as a flight test centre by the Fairey and Westland aircraft companies. In the mid-1950s it was HQ of RAF Home Command. It is now privately owned and is the home of the West London Aero Club.

Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is a unitary authority area with royal borough status in Berkshire, England. The borough is named after its two largest towns of Maidenhead (where the council is based) and Windsor. The borough also includes the towns of Ascot and Eton, plus numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. It is home to Windsor Castle, Eton College, Legoland Windsor and Ascot Racecourse. It is one of only four boroughs in England entitled to be prefixed royal, and the only one of them which is not a London borough.
George Brown Polytechnic
The George Brown College of Applied Arts and Technology, branded as George Brown Polytechnic since 2025, is a publicly funded college of applied arts and technology with three campuses in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Like many other colleges in Ontario, George Brown College was chartered in 1966 by the government of Ontario and opened the following year.

Applied arts
The applied arts are all the arts that apply design and decoration to everyday and essentially practical objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing. The term is used in distinction to the fine arts, which are those that produce objects with no practical use, whose only purpose is to be beautiful or stimulate the intellect in some way. In practice, the two often overlap.  Applied arts largely overlap with decorative arts, and the modern making of applied art is usually called design.

Examples of applied arts are:

Industrial design – mass-produced objects.

Sculpture – also counted as a fine art.

Architecture – also counted as a fine art.

Crafts – also counted as a fine art.

Culinary arts

Ceramic art

Automotive design

Fashion design

Calligraphy

Interior design

Graphic design

Cartographic (map) design
2018 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II – Pool A
Pool A of the 2018 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II was one of four pools in the Asia/Oceania zone of the 2018 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I.

2018 Fed Cup
The 2018 Fed Cup was the 56th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis. The 2018 Fed Cup was expected to feature some structural changes, including a 16-team World Group and the introduction of a Final Four event at a neutral, predetermined location. However, the ITF announced shortly before their annual meeting that they were tabling a vote on the changes for at least one year.

In one of the biggest shocks in the tournament history, Russia was demoted to the Zonal Groups for the first time in two decades, after consecutive losses to Slovakia and Latvia.

The final took place on 10–11 November and was won by the Czech Republic.
Aisi Hai Tanhai
Aisi Hai Tanhai (Urdu: ایسی ہے تنہائی, lit. 'Such is Loneliness') is a Pakistani television serial that originally aired on ARY Digital Network on 8 November 2017 and ended on 21 March 2018. It is written by Mohsin Ali, produced by Fahad Mustafa, and Dr. Ali Kazmi, and directed by Badar Mehmood. In this serial, Sami Khan has played the lead role, which was based on a love story with Sonya Hussain and Nadia Khan. Aisi Hai Tanhai talks about how social media can become a curse for someone's life and destroy everything.

Saba Hameed
Saba Hameed (Urdu: صبا حميد) is a Pakistani actress and director.

She is one of the most popular actresses of Pakistan. She was one of the most successful actress of 1980s and 1990s. She got early recognition with her role of Sumbul in sitcom Family Front which broadcast for five years. Her recent recent roles are in the TV drama series Kahin Deep Jaley, Mere Humsafar and Fitoor.
Bielby (surname)
Bielby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elizabeth Bielby, British physician and missionary

Jonathan Bielby (born 1944), British organist

Matt Bielby (born 1965), British magazine editor

Paul Bielby (born 1956), British footballer

Richard Bielby (born 1947), British cricketer

William T. Bielby, American sociologist

Matt Bielby
Matt Bielby is a magazine editor based in the UK. He is best known for launching and editing many successful titles in assorted markets during the 1990s, mostly on the subjects of computer and video games, and film and television. These include .net, Amiga Power, Super Play and PC Gamer.
35th Republican People's Party Ordinary Convention
The 35th Republican People's Party Ordinary Convention took place on 16 and 17 January 2016, having originally been scheduled for 2014. The convention date was pushed back from 2014, when it was supposed to be held two years after the previous in 2012, due to the 18th Extraordinary Convention that was held in September 2014. It w held shortly after the CHP's defeat in the November 2015 general election. The party was expected to see challengers to the leadership of Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, however, Kılıçdaroğlu was re-elected with no other candidate challenging him.

In November 2015, Kılıçdaroğlu ruled out any prospect of holding an Extraordinary Convention prior to the scheduled Ordinary Convention despite calls from some CHP MPs, claiming that the preparations for the Ordinary Convention had already begun.

İlhan Cihaner
İlhan Cihaner (born 23 February 1968, Kağızman), is a Turkish leftist politician and a former prosecutor. He's a parliamentary deputy for the Republican People's Party (CHP) since 2011. He was the Chief Public Prosecutor of Erzincan from 2007; he resigned in 2011 in order to stand for election. He is a suspect in the Ergenekon trials. He is a columnist for the soL newspaper.
Horasan
Horasan (Kurdish: Xoresan), is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,740 km2, and its population is 36,519 (2022). The mayor is Hayrettin Özdemir (AKP).

Horasan is located in the east of Erzurum Province, and borders the provinces of Ağrı and Kars.

Kars Province
Kars Province (Turkish: Kars ili; Azerbaijani: Qars Rayonu; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Qersê; Armenian: Կարսի նահանգ) is a province of Turkey, located in the northeastern part of the country. It shares part of its closed border with Armenia. Its area is 10,193 km2, and its population is 274,829 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Kars. The provinces of Ardahan and Iğdır were part of Kars Province until 1992.
Athletics at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's discus throw
The men's discus throw competition of the athletics events at the 2019 Pan American Games took place on the 6th of August at the 2019 Pan American Games Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Fedrick Dacres from Jamaica.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.
Japan House
Japan House is a learning facility founded in 1976 by Shozo Sato. It is part of the College of Fine and Applied Arts, at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
The facility includes three tea rooms, or Chashitsu, a tea garden (Roji) and Japanese rock garden. It currently conducts classes in Japanese tea ceremony, Japanese Aesthetics and Ikebana for university students and members of the community. An annual event at the house welcomes international students. In 2019 an expansion effort was under way.

Japanese aesthetics
Japanese aesthetics comprise a set of ancient ideals that include wabi (transient and stark beauty), sabi (the beauty of natural patina and aging), and yūgen (profound grace and subtlety). These ideals, and others, underpin much of Japanese cultural and aesthetic norms on what is considered tasteful or beautiful. Thus, while seen as a philosophy in Western societies, the concept of aesthetics in Japan is seen as an integral part of daily life. Japanese aesthetics now encompass a variety of ideals; some of these are traditional while others are modern and sometimes influenced by other cultures.
Pattakkathi Bhairavan
Pattakkathi Bhairavan (transl. Gauntlet-sword Bhairavan) is a 1979 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by V. B. Rajendra Prasad, starring Sivaji Ganesan, Jai Ganesh, Sridevi and Jayasudha. It is a remake of the 1978 Telugu film Katakataala Rudrayya. The film was released on 19 October 1979.

Jayasudha
Jayasudha Kapoor (born Sujatha Nidudavolu), known mononymously as Jayasudha is an Indian actress and politician known for her works predominantly in Telugu cinema. She has also worked in some Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, and Hindi films. Known as a natural actress, in a career spanning over 5 decades she has received nine state Nandi Awards for her acting in works such as  Jyothi (1976), Idi Katha Kaadu (1979), Premabhishekam (1981), Meghasandesam (1982), and Dharmaatmudu (1983).

She has garnered five Filmfare Awards South, for her performances in Jyothi (1976), Aame Katha (1977), Gruha Pravesam (1982), Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi (2004), and Kotha Bangaru Lokam (2008). She received the ANR National Award (2008) and the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award - South (2010) for her contributions to Indian cinema. Jayasudha served as Member of Legislative Assembly, from Secunderabad constituency during 2009–2014 in the erstwhile combined Government of Andhra Pradesh.
2019 Korea Open – Singles
Karolína Muchová defeated Magda Linette in the final, 6–1, 6–1 to win the singles title at the 2019 Korea Open. It was her first WTA Tour title.

Kiki Bertens was the reigning champion,  but chose to compete in Osaka instead.

Magda Linette
Magda Linette (born 12 February 1992) is a Polish professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 19, achieved in March 2023. She has reached eight finals on the WTA Tour, winning three titles, and the semifinals of the 2023 Australian Open, and the third round of the other majors.

Linette made her first appearance in a WTA Tour main draw at the Internationaux de Strasbourg in May 2013, where she also scored her first match win at this level. The same year, she reached her first WTA Tour semifinal in Baku, coming from qualifying. Linette won her first WTA 125 title at the 2014 Ningbo International Open, and her first WTA Tour title at the 2019 Bronx Open. Her best result in WTA Premier tournaments is the quarterfinals of 2016 Pan Pacific Open.

In 2020, she earned the Fan Favorite Shot of the Year award by the WTA for a slice forehand that she played against Peng Shuai en route to her second WTA Tour title at the Thailand Open.
Andrew Kennedy (Canadian politician)
Andrew Kennedy (January 3, 1842 – February 10, 1904) was a construction contractor and political figure in Quebec. He represented Mégantic in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1876 to 1878 as a Conservative.

He was born in Mégantic County, the son of Daniel Kennedy and Mary Sheridan, and was educated there and in Worcester, Massachusetts. Kennedy returned to Canada East during the American Civil War, settling in Saint-Ferdinand. He was involved in construction in Texas, Kansas, British Columbia and Alberta. Kennedy was elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1876 by-election held after George Irvine resigned his seat. He was defeated by Irvine when he ran for reelection in 1878. In 1888, Kennedy married Marie Cloutier. He died in Saint-Ferdinand at the age of 62.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Rasyid Bakri
Rasyid Assyahid Bakri (born in Gowa, Indonesia, 17 January 1991) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Super League club PSM Makassar. In 2005, he played in Danone Nations Cup with Makassar Football School.

Gowa Regency
Gowa (Makassar language : ᨁᨚᨓ) is a regency in the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,883.33 km2 and a population of 652,329 at the 2010 census, increasing to 765,836 at the 2020 census; the official estimate at mid-2023 was 799,999 (comprising 396,130 males and 403,869 females). The majority of the regency (the western eleven districts, with 632,039 inhabitants, or just over 79% of the regency's population in mid 2023) lies within the official metropolitan area of the city of Makassar, including the regency's administrative capital at Sungguminasa. The hill resort of Malino is in the eastern (non-metropolitan) part of the regency.
Thomas Mensah (engineer)
Thomas Owusu Mensah (1950 – 27 March 2024) was a Ghanaian-American chemical engineer and inventor who contributed to the development of fiber optic manufacturing and nanotechnology. He had 14 patents, and was inducted into the US National Academy of Inventors in 2015. In 2017, Mensah served as editor-in-chief of the textbook Nanotechnology Commercialization, published by John Wiley & Sons.

University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (French: Université de Montpellier; Occitan: Universitat de Montpelhièr) is a public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.

The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity.