hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miss World USA 1971
Miss World USA 1971 was the 10th edition of the Miss World USA pageant, held in the Hampton Roads Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia, and was won by Karen Brucene Smith of Texas. She was crowned by outgoing titleholder Sandra Wolsfeld of Illinois. Smith went on to represent the United States at the Miss World 1971 Pageant in London later that year. She finished as fifth runner-up at Miss World. She later won Miss American Beauty 1974 (Miss U.S. International 1974) and competed in and later won Miss International 1974.

Miss World
Miss World is the oldest existing international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has chaired the pageant. Along with Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The current Miss World is Suchata Chuangsri of Thailand who was crowned on 31 May 2025 in Hyderabad, India.
WJJO
WJJO (94.1 FM, "94-1 JJO") is a commercial radio station licensed to Watertown, Wisconsin, United States, and serving the Madison metropolitan area. Owned by Mid-West Family Broadcasting, it has an active rock format, with studios located on Rayovac Drive in Madison and the transmitter sited on Wedvick Road in Deerfield.

Madison metropolitan area
The Madison metropolitan area, also known as Greater Madison, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Madison, Wisconsin. The Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, consists of Columbia, Dane, Green, and Iowa counties in south-central Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 680,796, making it the 84th-largest in the United States.

The Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the four counties in the Madison MSA as well as Rock County (Janesville–Beloit metropolitan area) and Sauk County (Baraboo micropolitan area). The CSA population as of the 2020 census was 910,246, making it the 64th-largest in the United States.
Rainbow (1837 ship)
The Rainbow was an iron paddle-wheel steamer for passengers and cargo, built in 1837 by John Laird in Birkenhead, England for the General Steam Navigation Company. The engines were produced by George Forrester and Company from Liverpool. It was said to be the largest iron steamer of its day, and the fastest. It covered 190 nautical miles in 14 hours during a passage to Antwerp. The ship has been described as "a landmark in naval architecture" and had "influence on Brunel", who traveled to Antwerp on the Rainbow. It is seen as a "precursor of the ocean-going iron steamer".

The ship was intended to travel between London and Ramsgate, but also made voyages between London and Antwerp. Later she was used for the cargo trade between London and Le Havre. She was scrapped in 1869.

Sir George Biddell Airy, the Astronomer Royal, conducted experiments on board the ship about the influence of an iron hull on the workings of the compass.

Astronomer Royal
Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Households of the United Kingdom. There are two officers, the senior being the Astronomer Royal dating from 22 June 1675; the junior is the Astronomer Royal for Scotland dating from 1834.

The Astronomer Royal works to make observations to improve navigation, cartography, instrument design, and applications of geomagnetism. The position was created with the overall goal of discovering a way to determine longitude at sea when out of sight of land. The incumbent Astronomer Royal is Professor Michele Dougherty.
Homesick (Deacon Blue album)
Homesick is a studio album by Scottish rock band Deacon Blue. Released in May 2001, it was the band's fifth studio album (or the sixth, counting the part-studio, part-compilation Walking Back Home released two years earlier). It includes the single "Everytime You Sleep", which reached No. 64 in the UK Singles Chart. Homesick was Deacon Blue's final album to feature guitarist Graeme Kelling, who died in 2004.

A promotional CD was made available to readers of The Daily Telegraph via a voucher appearing in the newspaper two weeks before the album's release date. This contained three tracks from the album ("Silverlake", "This Train Will Take You Anywhere", and "Homesick", the last in an exclusive acoustic mix), and three other tracks ("Away", "Wages Day", and "Dignity").

Wages Day
"Wages Day" is a song by Scottish rock band Deacon Blue, released on 20 February 1989 as the second single from their second album, When the World Knows Your Name (1989). The song reached the top 20 in Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The main B-side is "Take Me to the Place", which is musically based on the hymn "Abide with Me" and the traditional melody "Eventide".  Some versions of the single contain two songs: "Take the Saints Away" and a cover of Julian Cope's "Trampolene".
1958 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 16 April 1958. The result was a victory for the National Party, now under the leadership of J. G. Strijdom after the retirement of D. F. Malan in 1954. The opposition United Party campaigned for the first time under De Villiers Graaff, who would remain party leader for two decades.

The National Party won 103 seats in the House of Assembly. It was the first election in South Africa with a whites-only electorate, following the removal of the Cape Qualified Franchise in the late 1950s, after the resolution of the coloured vote constitutional crisis. Coloured voters were now represented by four white MPs elected in separate constituencies, after the model introduced for native (black) voters in 1936. As these latter (NMP) seats were abolished in 1960, this was the only general election in which both separate coloured and native (Black) MPs were seated.

Cape Qualified Franchise
The Cape Qualified Franchise was the system of multi-racial franchise that was adhered to in the Cape Colony, and in the Cape Province in the early years of the Union of South Africa. Qualifications for the right to vote at parliamentary elections were applied equally to all men, regardless of race.

This local system of multi-racial suffrage was later gradually restricted, and eventually abolished, under various National Party and United Party governments. In 1930 white women were enfranchised, and in 1931 property qualifications for white voters were removed. In 1936 black voters were then removed from the common voters' rolls and allowed only to elect separate members in 1936, and subsequently denied all representation in the House of Assembly in 1960. Coloured voters similarly followed in 1958 and 1970, respectively.
Haile Maryam Gebre
Haile Maryam Gebre of Semien, Horse name: Abba Dammana (lit: Father of the Cloud) was an early 19th century governor of Semien, Welkait and Wogera. Haile Maryam tried to hold his hereditary possessions in the face of continuous pressure from rival lords during Ethiopia's Zemene Mesafint era. He is remembered as the guardian of Waldeba monastery.

Wegera (woreda)
Wegera or  Wogera (Amharic: ወገራ), is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Wegera is named for the former province Wegera, which was located roughly in the same location, and was later made part of the province of Semien. Part of the Semien Gondar Zone, Wegera is bordered on the south by Mirab Belessa, on the southwest by Gondar Zuria, on the west by Lay Armachiho, on the northwest by Tach Armachiho, on the north by Dabat, on the northeast by Jan Amora, and on the southeast by Misraq Belessa. Towns in Wegera include Amba Giyorgis and Gedegbe.

Due to its inaccessibility and the lack of the most basic infrastructure, in 1999 the Regional government classified Wegera as one of its 47 drought prone and food insecure woredas.
Marche-en-Famenne
Marche-en-Famenne (French pronunciation: [maʁʃ ɑ̃ famɛn] ⓘ; Walloon: Måtche-el-Fåmene [mɑːtʃ ɛl fɑːmɛn]; literally "Marche in Famenne") is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Aye, Hargimont, Humain, Marche-en-Famenne, On, Roy, and Waha.

Other population centres include Grimbiémont, Hollogne, Lignières, Marloie, and Verdenne.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Intergovernmental immunity
Intergovernmental immunity is a legal doctrine in federations that defines the extent to which laws of a federal government and its subnational units can bind one another.

Intergovernmental immunity (Australia)

Intergovernmental immunity (United States)

Intergovernmental immunity (Australia)
In Australia, the doctrine of intergovernmental immunity defines the circumstances in which Commonwealth laws can bind the States, and where State laws can bind the Commonwealth. This is distinct from the doctrine of crown immunity, as well as the rule expressed in Section 109 of the Australian Constitution which governs conflicts between Commonwealth and State laws.
1971 Spring Trophy
The Rothmans/Daily Express Spring Trophy was a non-championship Formula One race held on 9 April 1971 at Oulton Park.

Only twelve cars took part. Team Lotus entered three different chassis types - a 49C, a 72D and the Pratt & Whitney gas-turbine-engined 56B. Local favourite and Formula 3 driver Cyd Williams was entrusted with a
Frank Williams Racing Cars March but crashed heavily during untimed practice and did not start the race.
Jackie Stewart set pole position in the spare car but in the race itself he struggled with his regular car's handling. Pedro Rodriguez won ahead of Peter Gethin, the two of them sharing fastest lap. Stewart finished third.

Oulton Park
Oulton Park is a hard surfaced track used for motor racing, close to the village of Little Budworth, Cheshire, England, 5-mile (8.0 km) from Winsford, 13-mile (21 km) from Chester city centre, 8-mile (13 km) from Northwich and 17-mile (27 km) from Warrington, with a nearby rail connection along the Mid-Cheshire Line. It occupies much of the area which was previously known as the Oulton Estate. The racing circuit is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.
Villaronga
Villaronga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agustí Villaronga (1953–2023), Spanish film director, screenwriter and actor

Mariano Villaronga-Toro (1906–1987), Puerto Rican educator

Raúl G. Villaronga (1938–2021), Puerto Rican politician and military officer

Raúl G. Villaronga
Raúl G. Villaronga (April 1, 1938 – March 20, 2021) was a United States Army officer who was the first Puerto Rican mayor of a Texas city.  He served as  mayor of Killeen, Texas, for three consecutive terms, from 1992 to 1998.
God's Clay (1928 film)
God's Clay is a 1928 British silent drama film directed by Graham Cutts and starring Anny Ondra, Trilby Clark, Haddon Mason and Franklyn Bellamy. It is an adaptation of the novel God's Clay by Claude Askew and Alice Askew. It had previously been made into a 1919 film of the same name. The film was made at Elstree Studios by the British subsidiary of the First National Pictures.

Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)
Elstree Studios on Shenley Road, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire is a British film and television production centre operated by Elstree Film Studios Limited. One of several facilities historically referred to as Elstree Studios, the Shenley Road studios originally opened in 1926.

The studio complex has passed through many owners during its lifetime, and is now owned by Hertsmere Borough Council. Known as the studios used for filming Alfred Hitchcock's Blackmail (1929)—the first British talkie, Star Wars (1977),  The Shining (1980) and Indiana Jones, its largest stage is known as the George Lucas Soundstage 2 (15,770 sq ft), with the studios used both for film and television productions.

With the BBC Elstree Centre nearby, a number of the stages are leased to BBC Studioworks, and are used for recording television productions such as Strictly Come Dancing.
Dowding (surname)
Dowding is an English surname of Old English origin. Notable people with this surname include the following:

Alan Dowding (1929–2023), Australian cricketer and schoolteacher

Bruce Dowding, Australian spy for Britain

Gordon Dowding (1918–2003), Canadian politician

Hugh Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding, Royal Air Force commander during World War II

Keith Dowding, professor of political science at the London School of Economics

Keith Dowding (activist), Australian Presbyterian minister

Leilani Dowding, British glamour model

Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding, wife of Hugh Dowding; English animal rights campaigner

Peter Dowding, former Australian politician and premier of Western Australia

Gordon Dowding
Gordon Hudson Dowding (March 1, 1918 – November 9, 2003) was a lawyer and politician in British Columbia, Canada. He represented Burnaby and then Burnaby-Edmonds in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1956 to 1975 as a CCF/NDP member.

He was born in Kamloops and educated there and at the University of British Columbia. In 1945, he married Gwen Olson. Dowding was called to the British Columbia bar in 1952 and the Alberta bar in 1967. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the provincial riding of Lillooet in 1952 and 1953. Dowding was the speaker of the British Columbia Legislature from 1972 to 1975 (he was the only incumbent NDP MLA not to be appointed to cabinet). He was defeated by Ray Loewen when he ran for reelection in 1975.

In 1962, Dowding was a founding member of the B.C. Civil Liberties Association. He died in 2003.
TinyShell
TinyShell is a backdoor written in C that has been used by groups such as Limnal Panda and Violet Ant.

TinyShell is open source and runs on Unix. It has been used to connect to command and control servers.

Botnet
A botnet is a group of Internet-connected devices, each of which runs one or more bots. Botnets can be used to perform distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, steal data, send spam, and allow the attacker to access the device and its connection. The owner can control the botnet using command and control (C&C) software. The word "botnet" is a portmanteau of the words "robot" and "network". The term is usually used with a negative or malicious connotation.
Mbayang Sow
Mbayang Sow (born 21 January 1993) is a Senegalese footballer who plays as a defender for Seconde Ligue club Marseille and the Senegal women's national team.

She played for Senegal at the 2012 African Women's Championship. During the match against DR Congo, she was shown a red card for a handball in the penalty area.

2012 African Women's Championship
The 2012 African Women's Championship was a football competition, which was organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). The final tournament was held in from 28 October to 11 November in Equatorial Guinea.
KLVE
KLVE (107.5 FM, "107.5 K-LOVE") is a commercial radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California, with a Spanish AC format. The station is owned by TelevisaUnivision, and is the flagship station for the Uforia Audio Network. The station has studios and offices located on Center Drive (near I-405) in West Los Angeles, and the transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson. KLVE also uses a 100-watt booster station in Santa Clarita, KLVE-FM1 on 107.5 MHz.

Latin pop
Latin pop (Spanish: pop latino), also referred to as Spanish-language pop (Spanish: pop en español), is a subgenre of popular music defined primarily as pop music performed in Spanish. While its foundation lies in the structural and commercial conventions of international pop music—memorable melodies, rhythmic regularity, electric instrumentation, and broad appeal—it is often enriched by stylistic influences from Latin American and Iberian musical traditions.

Emerging from Spanish-speaking musicians, Latin pop remains distinct from other Latin genres such as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, and dance, though it may incorporate elements of these styles. In this sense, the fusion with Latin or Hispanic folk genres is characteristic but secondary to its central definition as pop music in Spanish.
Crave (play)
Crave is a one-act play by British playwright Sarah Kane. It was first performed in 1998 by the theatre company Paines Plough, with which Kane was writer-in-residence for the year, at the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh. The play was initially presented under the pseudonym Marie Kelvedon; Kane used a pseudonym to avoid the distraction of her reputation for graphic staged violence from her previous works. Crave was Kane's fourth play. It is dedicated by the author to Mark Ravenhill.

Traverse Theatre
The Traverse Theatre is a theatre in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was founded as The Traverse Theatre Club in 1962 by John Calder, John Malcolm, Jim Haynes, Richard Demarco, Terry Lane, Andrew Muir, John Martin and Sheila Colvin.

The Traverse Theatre company commissions and develops new plays or adaptations from contemporary playwrights, often describing itself as "Scotland’s new writing theatre".

The Traverse also presents productions from visiting companies and acts as a host venue for Edinburgh Festival Fringe shows in August. It is also the home of 'Imaginate' the Edinburgh International Children's Festival.
Wuri District
Wuri District (Chinese: 烏日區; pinyin: Wūrì Qū) is a district in southern Taichung, Taiwan. Both of the two north–south freeways (National Freeway 1 and National Freeway 3), as well as Provincial Highway 74 pass through Wuri. Wuri is also home to a large military training centre, Chengkungling, as well as Taichung HSR station, which can connect to Taiwan High Speed Rail, Taiwan Railways, and Green line of Taichung MRT.

Taiwan Railways Administration
Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) was a governmental agency in Taiwan which operated Taiwan Railway from 1948 to 2023. It managed, maintained, and operated conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation. The agency's headquarters was at Taipei Main Station in Zhongzheng District, Taipei at the time of dissolution, the site which became the headquarter of the new company.
Cornelius Nary
Cornelius Nary, (1660–3 March 1738), was an Irish priest and religious writer. Born in County Kildare and educated at Naas, he was ordained in 1684 in Kilkenny, and shortly after moved to Paris, where he studied at the Irish College in Paris (earning a DCL from the University of Paris), where he later became provisor. In 1694 he was granted a degree (LL.D) at Cambray. For a time he was tutor to the Earl of Antrim.

He returned to Ireland at some point about 1700 where he became parish priest of St. Michan's Catholic Church, Dublin. He wrote about fifteen books.

Tutoring
Tutoring is private academic help, usually provided by an expert teacher; someone with deep knowledge or defined expertise in a particular subject or set of subjects.

A tutor, formally also called an academic tutor, is a person who provides assistance or tutelage to one or more people on certain subject areas or skills. The tutor spends a few hours on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis to transfer their expertise on the topic or skill to the student (also called a tutee). Tutoring can take place in different settings.
Geography of Indonesia
Indonesia is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia, lying between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is located in a strategic location astride or along major sea lanes connecting East Asia, South Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world. Indonesia's various regional cultures have been shaped—although not specifically determined—by centuries of complex interactions with its physical environment.

Banda Islands
The Banda Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Banda) are a volcanic group of ten small islands in the Banda Sea, about 140 km (87 mi) south of Seram Island and about 2,000 km (1,243 mi) east of Java, and constitute an administrative district (kecamatan) within the Central Maluku Regency in the Indonesian province of Maluku. The islands rise out of 4-to-6-kilometre (2.5 to 3.7 mi) deep ocean and have a total land area of approximately 172 square kilometres (66 sq mi); with associated maritime area this reaches 736.3 square kilometres (284.3 sq mi). They had a population of 18,544 at the 2010 Census and 20,924 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 21,902. Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree. The islands are also popular destinations for scuba diving and snorkeling. The main town and administrative centre is Banda Neira, located on the island of the same name.
Bendiganahalli, Bengaluru East
Bendiganahalli  is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Bendiganahalli village is located in Bangalore East taluka of Bangalore Urban district in Karnataka, India. It is situated 11 km away from Krishnarajapuram and around 11 km from Hoskote. As per 2009 stats, Mandur is the gram panchayat of Bendiganahalli village.

Hoskote
Hoskote (also known as Hosakote and historically called Ooscata by the British) is a taluk or city in Bengaluru North District, India. Headquartered at the Hoskote town, it consists of five hoblis - Kasaba, Anugondanahalli, Jadigenahalli, Nandagudi and Sulibele. There are 294 villages in Hoskote taluk including the 5 hoblis. Also famous for the Dum Biriyanis which is unique in taste and flavour.
Bushell v Faith
Bushell v Faith [1970] AC 1099 is a UK company law case, concerning the possibility of weighting votes, and the relationship to section 184 of Companies Act 1948 (the predecessor of s 168 of the Companies Act 2006) which mandates that directors may be removed from a board by ordinary resolution (a simple majority of shareholder votes).

The decision is not relevant to companies listed on the London Stock Exchange as the listing rules refuse listing where the articles of association contain restrictions on removing the board of directors.

Articles of association
In corporate governance, a company's articles of association (AoA, called articles of incorporation in some jurisdictions) is a document that, along with the memorandum of association (where applicable), forms the company's constitution. The articles define the responsibilities of the directors, the nature of business, and the mechanisms by which shareholders exert control over the board of directors.

Articles of association are essential to corporate operations, as they may regulate both internal and external affairs.

Articles of incorporation, also referred to as the certificate of incorporation or the corporate charter, is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada. They generally are filed with the Secretary of State in the U.S. State where the company is incorporated, or other company registrar. An equivalent term for limited liability companies (LLCs) in the United States is articles of organization.