hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rage at Dawn
Rage at Dawn is a 1955 American Technicolor Western film directed by Tim Whelan, and starring Randolph Scott, Forrest Tucker, Mala Powers, and J. Carrol Naish. It purports to tell the true story of the Reno Brothers, an outlaw gang which terrorized the American Midwest, particularly Southern Indiana, in the period immediately following the American Civil War.

A more successful version of the Reno brothers' story was released the following year as Love Me Tender, starring Elvis Presley as Clint Reno.

Tim Whelan
Tim Whelan (November 2, 1893 – August 12, 1957) was an American film director, writer, producer and actor, best remembered for his writing credits on Harold Lloyd and Harry Langdon comedies, and for directing mostly British films, such as The Thief of Bagdad (1940).

In Britain he worked with leading production companies including British International Pictures, Gainsborough Pictures and Alexander Korda's London Films. In the United States he was employed by MGM and RKO. He returned to America following the outbreak of the Second World War, but came back to Britain for a film in 1948, This Was a Woman.

He was married to the film actress Miriam Seegar in 1932. Whelan died at his home in Beverly Hills.
Modelnomics
An economic assessment of the highly controversial issue of body image within the global fashion industry, along the lines of Alfred Marshall's supply-demand model.

"Modelnomics" illustrates the tendency for models to gain value by way of salary, from marked losses in weight.

The term was first used by fashion writer Lottie Ntim, to illustrate the tradeoff between a model's self-worth and their food intake, following apparent industry aversion to model Coco Rocha's weight gain and a call on the Council of Fashion Designers of America(CFDA) to revise the model sample size.

Council of Fashion Designers of America
The Council of Fashion Designers of America, Inc. (CFDA), founded in 1962 by publicist Eleanor Lambert, and headquartered in Manhattan, is a not-for-profit trade association comprising a membership of over 370 American fashion and accessory designers. The organization promotes American designers' participation in the global economy.

In addition to hosting the annual CFDA Fashion Awards, the organization develops future American design talent through scholarships and resources in colleges, and postgraduate schools. The CFDA also provides funding and business opportunities for working designers. Through the CFDA Foundation, the organization engages in various charitable activities.
Albert Kempster
Albert Joseph Kempster (23 August 1874 – 2 January 1952) was a British sport shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics and the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1908, he finished fifth in the running deer single shots competition as well as in the running deer double shots event. Four years later, he won the bronze medal as a member of the British team in the team 30 metre military pistol event as well as in the team 50 metre military pistol competition. In the individual 50 metre pistol event he finished 24th. RSM Royal Jersey Militia.

Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre pistol
The men's individual competition with revolver and pistol, distance 50 metres (later standardized by the IOC to the men's 50 metre pistol) was a shooting sports event held as part of the shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which was the only one to have been featured at every edition of the Games to that point. The competition was held on Monday, 1 July 1912. Fifty-four sport shooters from twelve nations competed. Nations were limited to 12 shooters each. The event was won by Alfred Lane of the United States, completing a double for him with the rapid fire pistol event. It was the United States' second victory in the event. Another American, Peter Dolfen, finished second. Charles Stewart of Great Britain took the bronze medal, the nation's first in the free pistol.
Saioku-ji
Saioku-ji (柴屋寺) is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Myōshin-ji branch of Rinzai school of Japanese Zen located in Mariko-juku, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.  Its main image is a statue of Jūichimen Kannon. The Japanese garden at this temple was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1936 and National Place of Scenic Beauty, with the borders of the historical site expanded in 1970.

Rinzai school
The Rinzai school (Japanese: 臨済宗, romanized: Rinzai-shū, simplified Chinese: 临济宗; traditional Chinese: 臨濟宗; pinyin: Línjì zōng), named after Linji Yixuan (Romaji: Rinzai Gigen, died 866 CE) is one of three sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, along with Sōtō and Ōbaku. The Chinese Linji school of Chan Buddhism was first transmitted to Japan by Myōan Eisai (1141–1215). Contemporary Japanese Rinzai is derived entirely from the Ōtōkan lineage transmitted through Hakuin Ekaku (1686–1769), who is a major figure in the revival of the Rinzai tradition.
Tetanocera robusta
Tetanocera robusta is a species of fly in the family Sciomyzidae. It is found in the  Palearctic and Nearctic
The larvae develop in aquatic pulmonate snails including Gyraulus, Helisoma, Lymnaea, Physa, Planorbis. The habitat is marshy borders of lakes and ponds and permanent marshes.

Physa
Physa is a genus of small, left-handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Physinae of the family Physidae.

These snails eat algae, diatoms and detritus.
Bangre
Bangre  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1776 people living in 350 individual households.

Lamjung District
Lamjung District (Nepali: लमजुङ जिल्ला [ˈlʌmd͡zuŋ] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Besisahar as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,692 square kilometres (653 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 167,724.  lies in the mid-hills of Nepal spanning tropical to trans-Himalayan geo-ecological belts, including the geographical midpoint of the country (i.e., Duipipal). It has mixed habitation of castes and ethnicities. It is host to probably the highest density of the Gurung ethnic population in the country.

Popular Media in Lamjung Includes Mero Lamjung, Radio Chautari, Aantaranga Saptahik, Radio Marsyangdi,Radio Lamjung, etc.
Gündoğan, Bodrum
Gündoğan is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Bodrum, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population is 4,306 (2023). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is a touristic settlement located between Yalıkavak and Türkbükü.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Pleshanovo
Pleshanovo (Russian: Плешаново) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Pleshanovo, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Pleshanovsky Selsoviet of Krasnogvardeysky District of Orenburg Oblast

Pleshanovo, Palkinsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Palkinsky District, Pskov Oblast

Pleshanovo, Pytalovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pytalovsky District, Pskov Oblast

Pleshanovo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Nelazsky Selsoviet of Cherepovetsky District of Vologda Oblast

Orenburg Oblast
Orenburg Oblast (also Orenburzhye) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe, with some land in the southern and eastern portions of the oblast falling within Asia. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast in honor of Valery Chkalov. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast had a population of 1,862,767, down from 2,033,072 in the 2010 Census.
Midnight House
Midnight House is a mystery thriller novel by the British writer Ethel Lina White, which was first published in 1942. It was published in America by Harper under the alternative title Her Heart in Her Throat.

Harper (publisher)
Harper is an American publishing house, the flagship imprint of global publisher HarperCollins, based in New York City. Founded in New York in 1817 by James Harper and his brother John, the company operated as J. & J. Harper until 1833, when it changed its name to Harper & Brothers, reflecting the inclusion of Joseph and Fletcher Harper. Harper began publishing Harper's Magazine, Harper's Weekly, and other periodicals beginning in the 1850s. From 1962 to 1990, the company was known as Harper & Row after its merger with Row, Peterson & Company. Harper & Row was purchased in 1987 by News Corporation and combined with William Collins, Sons, its United Kingdom counterpart, in 1990 to form HarperCollins, although the Harper name has been used in its place since 2007.
Chris Anderson (high jumper)
Christopher Daniel Anderson (born 6 April 1968) is an Australian retired high jumper. He competed at the 1995 World Championships and the 1996 Olympic Games.

His personal best jump is 2.28 metres, achieved in December 1994 in Perth.

Anderson finished second behind Steve Smith in the high jump event at the British 1995 AAA Championships.

1995 AAA Championships
The 1995 AAA Championships sponsored by KP, was an outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA), held from 15 to 16 July at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham, England. It was considered the de facto national championships for the United Kingdom.
Mashta Deir Mama
Mashta Deir Mama (Arabic: مشتى دير ماما)  is a Syrian village located in Masyaf Nahiyah in Masyaf District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mashta Deir Mama had a population of 169 in the 2004 census.

Masyaf District
Masyaf District (Arabic: مصياف Maṣyāf)  is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 169,341. Its administrative centre is the city of Masyaf.
Formignana
Formignana (Ferrarese: Furmgnàna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Ferrara. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,898 and an area of 22.3 square kilometres (8.6 sq mi).

Formignana borders the following municipalities: Copparo, Ferrara, Jolanda di Savoia, Tresigallo.

Province of Ferrara
The province of Ferrara (Italian: provincia di Ferrara; Emilian: pruvîncia ad Fràra) is a province in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. Its capital is the city of Ferrara. As of May 2023, it has a population of 338,143 inhabitants over an area of 2,635.12 square kilometres (1,017.43 sq mi). The province contains 23 comuni (sg.: comune), listed in the list of comuni of the province of Ferrara. Its provincial president is Gianni Michele Padovani.
Drewry (surname)
Drewry is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Drewry (1891–1961), English director of football and FIFA president

Christopher Drewry, British Army general

David Drewry (born 1947), English glaciologist and geophysicist

George Leslie Drewry (1894–1918), English Royal Navy officer and Victoria Cross recipient

James Sidney Drewry (1883–1952), British engineer

Patrick H. Drewry (1875–1947), American politician

Patrick H. Drewry
Patrick Henry Drewry (May 24, 1875 – December 21, 1947) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician from Virginia. He served in the Virginia Senate (1912–1920). He also represented  Virginia's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1920 until his death in 1947. Drewry was a long-serving member of the House Naval Affairs Committee and was involved in naval expansion efforts during World War II.
5th Division (South Vietnam)
The Fifth Division  of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)—the army of the government of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975—was part of the III Corps that oversaw the region of the country surrounding the capital, Saigon.

The Fifth Division was based in Biên Hòa, a town on the northern outskirts of Saigon, and due to the Division's close proximity to Saigon was a key factor in the success or failure of the various coup attempts in the nation's history. As a result, the loyalty of the commanding officer of the Division was crucial in maintaining power.

Biên Hòa
Biên Hòa (Northern accent: listenⓘ, Southern accent: listenⓘ) is a former city in Vietnam and was the capital city of Đồng Nai Province. Situated northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (also known as Saigon), Biên Hòa is connected to it via Hanoi Highway (part of National Route 1). As a class-1 provincial city, it is the sixth largest city in Vietnam by population.

Biên Hòa ceased to exist as a municipal city on 1 July 2025, following the elimination of district level units in Vietnam, and became a part of the Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area.
Credit rationing
Credit rationing by definition is limiting the lenders of the supply of additional credit to borrowers who demand funds at a set quoted rate by the financial institution. It is an example of market failure, as the price mechanism fails to bring about equilibrium in the market. It should not be confused with cases where credit is simply "too expensive" for some borrowers, that is, situations where the interest rate is deemed too high. With credit rationing, the borrower would like to acquire the funds at the current rates, and the imperfection is the absence of supply from the financial institutions, despite willing borrowers. In other words, at the prevailing market interest rate, demand exceeds supply, but lenders are willing neither to lend enough additional funds to satisfy demand, nor to raise the interest rate they charge borrowers because they are already maximising profits, or are using a cautious approach to continuing to meet their capital reserve requirements.

Credit
Credit (from Latin creditum, "loan") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party wherein the second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided by the first party can be either property, fulfillment of promises, or performances. In other words, credit is a method of making reciprocity formal, legally enforceable, and extensible to a large group of unrelated people.

The resources provided may be financial (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment. Credit is extended by a creditor, also known as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.
Riccardo Calafiori
Riccardo Calafiori (born 19 May 2002) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Premier League club Arsenal and the Italy national team.

Calafiori began his senior career with Roma. He featured sparingly for the club, and was loaned out to Genoa, before departing to Basel and later Bologna. In July 2024, he joined Premier League club Arsenal for an initial fee of £33.6 million.

Calafiori has represented Italy through various youth levels since 2017, and made his senior debut in June 2024. He played for Italy during UEFA Euro 2024, starting in all three group matches.

2025–26 Premier League
The 2025–26 Premier League is the 34th season of the Premier League and the 127th season of top-flight English football. The fixtures were released on 18 June 2025 at 09:00 BST. The season will consist of 33 weekend and five midweek rounds of matches.

Liverpool are the defending champions, having won their second Premier League title (and 20th English top-flight crown overall) in the previous season.

This is the first season to feature the Tyne–Wear derby in the Premier League since the 2015–16 season, following Sunderland's promotion via the Championship play-offs.

The summer transfer window opened on 16 June 2025 and closed at 19:00 BST on 1 September 2025. The winter window opened on 1 January 2026 and closed on 2 February 2026.
Way to Normal
Way to Normal is the third studio album by Ben Folds. It was released in Japan on September 17, 2008, in Australia on September 27, in UK and Europe on September 29, and in the US on September 30. The album is Folds' highest-charting solo album in the US, reaching #11 on the Billboard 200 in its first week of release.

A music video for "You Don't Know Me" was directed by Eric Wareheim, featuring Wareheim himself and his comedy partner Tim Heidecker.

In 2009, Folds re-released the album in less compressed audio quality as Stems and Seeds, adding various bonus tracks and providing "stems" for fans to create their own remixes.

Tim & Eric
Tim & Eric are an American comedy duo consisting of Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim. They are the creators and stars of the Adult Swim television series Tom Goes to the Mayor, Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule, Tim & Eric's Bedtime Stories, and Beef House.
Indian Child Welfare Act
The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA, enacted November 8, 1978 and codified at 25 U.S.C. §§ 1901–1963) is a United States federal law that governs jurisdiction over the removal of American Indian children from their families in custody, foster care, and adoption cases.

ICWA acknowledges tribal governments' exclusive jurisdiction over children who reside on or are domiciled on a reservation, or are existing wards of a Tribal court. It gives concurrent, but presumptive jurisdiction over foster care placement proceedings for Native American children who do not live on the reservation. It was enacted to respond to the disproportionate removal of Indigenous children from Tribal communities and the resulting threat to the survival of Native American culture.

En banc
In law, an en banc (/ˌɑːn ˈbɑːŋk/; alternatively in banc, in banco or in bank; French: [ɑ̃ bɑ̃]) session is when all the judges of a court sit to hear a case, not just one judge or a smaller panel of judges.
For courts like the United States Courts of Appeals, in which each case is normally heard by a three-judge panel instead of the entire court, an en banc review is usually used for only very complex or important cases or when the court believes there is an especially significant issue at stake. En banc is a French phrase meaning "in bench." Convening an en banc court may enhance a court’s legitimacy by ensuring the quality and consistency of its case law and by signalling broad collective ownership of outcomes by all the court’s judges.
Middlethorpe, North Yorkshire
Middlethorpe is a hamlet in the civil parish of Bishopthorpe, in the unitary authority area of City of York, in North Yorkshire, England.

The village was made a Conservation Area in 1975. Middlethorpe Hall dates from 1699 and Middlethorpe Manor from about 1700.

Middlethorpe was formerly a township in the parish of St. Mary-Bishopshill-Senior, in 1866 Middlethorpe became a separate civil parish, in 1894 the parish was abolished and split to form Middlethorpe Within from the part in the County Borough of York and Middlethorpe Without from the rural part. In 1891 the parish had a population of 128.

The name Middlethorpe derives from the Old English middel meaning 'middle', and the Old Norse þorp meaning 'secondary settlement'.

City of York
The City of York is a unitary authority area with city status in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.

The district's main settlement is York, and its coverage extends to the town of Haxby and the villages of Earswick, Upper Poppleton, Nether Poppleton, Copmanthorpe, Bishopthorpe, Dunnington, Stockton on the Forest, Rufforth, Askham Bryan and Askham Richard, among other villages and hamlets. The district had a population of 202,800 in the 2021 Census The City of York is administered by the City of York Council based in The Guildhall.
Cephisia
Cephisia or Kephisia (Ancient Greek: Κηφισιά) was a deme of ancient Attica, of the phyle of Erechtheis, sending six or eight delegates to the Athenian Boule.

Strabo states that Cephisia  was one of the twelve original cities of Attica founded by the mythical king of Athens Cecrops II and one of cities Theseus would later unite in the city-state of Athens.

Cephisia had become a famous retreat of philosophers during the reign of the Roman emperor Hadrian, when the wealthy Herodes Atticus of Marathon built the Villa Cephisia. In his Attic Nights, Aulus Gellius describes the unique ambiance of intellectual ferment and aristocratic leisure in an idyllic setting which he created there. It was also the practice of Herodes to provide free instruction in philosophy for selected youths from Athens.

Phyle
Phyle (Greek: φυλή, romanized: phulē, lit. 'tribe, clan'; pl. phylai, φυλαί; derived from Greek φύεσθαι, phyesthai lit. 'to descend, to originate') is an ancient Greek term for tribe or clan. Members of the same phyle were known as symphyletai (Greek: συμφυλέται) meaning 'fellow tribesmen'. During the late 6th century BC, Cleisthenes organized the population of Athens in ten phylai (tribes), each consisting of three trittyes ("thirtieths"), with each trittys comprising a number of demes. Tribes and demes had their own officers and were self-administered. Some phylai can be classified by their geographic location, such as the Geleontes, the Argadeis, the Hopletes, and the Agikoreis in Ionia, as well as the Hylleans, the Pamphyles, the Dymanes in Doris.
Leena (film)
Leena is a 2019 Maldivian thriller film directed by Abdulla Muaz. Co-produced by Muaz and Sayyah Abbas under Abdulla Muaz Productions in association with Baiskoaf, the film stars Mariyam Azza, Muaz, Ali Azim, Nuzuhath Shuaib, Zeenath Abbas, Ahmed Saaed and Mariyam Haleem in pivotal roles.

The film is based on the murder of Azleena Nafees who was found dead in a bathroom with multiple stab wounds at the Chamber of Commerce. Working as a secretary at that place, Nafees was killed on 5 April 2001 by Abdullah Zuhair, who was serving as a security guard in the office of the Haveeru News Services, which is next to the Chamber of Commerce.

Haveeru Daily
Haveeru Daily (Dhivehi: ހަވީރު ދުވަހު ނޫސް) was the longest serving daily newspaper in the Maldives, established on 1 January 1979.

Haveeru Online is owned by Haveeru Media Group – a company registered under the founder, Mohamed Zahir Hussain's three children – Lubna Zahir Hussain, Leena Zahir Hussain and Vail Zahir Hussain.