hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brown skua
The brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus), also known as the Antarctic skua, Subantarctic skua, southern great skua, southern skua, or hākoakoa (Māori), is a large seabird that breeds in the subantarctic and Antarctic zones and moves farther north when not breeding. Its taxonomy is highly complex and a matter of dispute, with some splitting it into two or three species: Falkland skua (S. antarcticus), Tristan skua (S. hamiltoni), and subantarctic skua (S. lönnbergi). To further confuse, it hybridizes with both the south polar and Chilean skuas, and the entire group has been considered to be a subspecies of the great skua, a species otherwise restricted to the Northern Hemisphere.

Lumpers and splitters
Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any academic discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example, schools of literature, biological taxa, and so on. A "lumper" is a person who assigns examples broadly, judging that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" makes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways.
Bill Martini
William John Martini (born February 10, 1947) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, having been in active service from November 14, 2002, to February 10, 2015. Martini is one of 24 judges seated on the New Jersey District Court, and his highest profile case to date was the corruption trial for former Newark Mayor Sharpe James.

Before his judicial service, Martini was a Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 8th congressional district in the House of Representatives, where he served from January 3, 1995 to January 3, 1997.

United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (in case citations, D.N.J.) is a federal court in the Third Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The Judiciary Act of 1789 established New Jersey as a single District on September 24, 1789.  On February 13, 1801 the Judiciary Act of 1801 reorganized the federal court system, resulting in the state being divided into Eastern and Western districts.  The Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed on March 8, 1802 and New Jersey was re-established as a single district court.

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of March 24, 2025 the acting United States attorney for the District of New Jersey is Alina Habba.
Rákoczi Oak
The Rákoczi Oak (Slovak: Rákocziho Dub) is a protected tree on the periphery of Strážov Mountains, near the village of Podlužany, Slovakia.

The exact age of the tree is unknown but it is alleged that the leader of uprising against Habsburgs, Francis II Rákóczi had built his tent beneath it when he marched with his army in the end of 17th century. Today it is an important natural landmark and a picnic site on the side of the marked green trail.

Army
An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch, or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army.
Time's Arrow (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Time’s Arrow" is the 26th episode of the fifth season and the first episode of the sixth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. It comprises the 126th and 127th episodes of the series.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D.
In this episode, an engineering team finds evidence that aliens visited Earth in 19th century San Francisco: Data's severed head, buried five hundred years ago.

The second part of the episode was nominated for three Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, winning the award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Hairstyling for a Series.

Geordi La Forge
Geordi La Forge (/ˈdʒɔːrdi lə ˈfɔːrdʒ/ JOR-dee lə FORJ) is a fictional character who appeared in all seven seasons of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and its four feature films as well as the third season of Star Trek: Picard. Portrayed by LeVar Burton, he served as helmsman of the USS Enterprise-D in the first season of The Next Generation, then occupied the role of the chief engineer for the rest of the series and in the films before appearing as a commodore in Picard. La Forge has been blind since his birth and uses technological devices that allow him to see – a VISOR in the series and the first film, replaced by ocular prosthetic implants in the last three films and in Picard.
The Murder (album)
The Murder is the fifth solo studio album by American rapper Boondox from Covington, Georgia. It was released on March 24, 2017, via Majik Ninja Entertainment, making it his first project since leaving Psychopathic Records in April 2015.

Lex The Hex Master
Lex The Hex Master (born May 14, 1986) is an American rapper from Queens, New York. He signed to Twiztid's label Majik Ninja Entertainment in mid 2015 and left sometime in early 2024. In April 2024 it was announced he signed to Scum's label Lyrikal Snuff Productions.
Marisol Pérez Lizaur
Marisol Pérez Lizaur (December 17, 1994 – February 8, 2024) was a Mexican social anthropologist. Her research focused on kinship, business networks, and social organization in Mexico. She worked as a professor and researcher at Universidad Iberoamericana and collaborated with various academic institutions in Latin America.

Universidad Iberoamericana
The Ibero-American University (Spanish: Universidad Iberoamericana), commonly known as La Ibero and abbreviated as UIA, is a private Catholic Mexican higher education institution sponsored by the Mexican Province of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 2009, UIA received the SEP-ANUIES Prize as the best private university in Mexico. The university's flagship campus is located in the Santa Fe district of Mexico City.

Its main library, Biblioteca Francisco Xavier Clavigero, holds more than 400,000 books and journals and as of 2007 is one of the largest university libraries in the country.

Other institutions affiliated with, but independent from, Ibero in Mexico City are found in Guadalajara, León, Torreón, Puebla, Playas de Tijuana, and Jaltepec. Together, they form the Jesuit University System, a network of Jesuit-run private universities.
60S ribosomal protein L8
60S ribosomal protein L8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL8 gene.

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L2P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. In rat, the protein associates with the 5.8S rRNA, very likely participates in the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, and is a constituent of the elongation factor 2-binding site at the ribosomal subunit interface. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein exist. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.

Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)
The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) is the smaller subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome (80S), with the other major component being the large ribosomal subunit (60S). The "40S" and "60S" names originate from the convention that ribosomal particles are denoted according to their sedimentation coefficients in Svedberg units. It is structurally and functionally related to the 30S subunit of 70S prokaryotic ribosomes. However, the 40S subunit is much larger than the prokaryotic 30S subunit and contains many additional protein segments, as well as rRNA expansion segments.
Te lapa
Te lapa is a Polynesian term for an unexplained light phenomenon underneath, or on the surface of, the ocean. Te lapa has been loosely translated as "flashing light", "underwater lightning", "the flashing", or "something that flashes". It was used by historic and modern Polynesians as a navigation aid to find islands in the Pacific Ocean. In some instances, it has been theorized to be bioluminescence or electromagnetic in nature. Other hypotheses include the interference patterns of intersecting waves creating a raised curve acting as a lens, but would not explain the source of light. David Lewis speculated that te lapa may originate from luminescence of organisms, or related to deep swell, ground swell, or backwash waves from reefs or islands.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Imperial Furniture Collection
The Imperial Furniture Collection (German: Hofmobiliendepot) in Vienna is a furniture museum that houses one of the most important collections of furniture in the world.

Today, the museum mainly contains furniture of the Habsburg monarchs. In addition the museum offers an overview of the history of Viennese cabinet making and interior decoration, from purveyors to the Imperial Household to well-known artists of the early 20th century, Adolf Loos, Josef Hoffmann and Otto Wagner, who characterized the domestic architecture of Vienna.

The main building is located in Andreasgasse 7 in the 7th Vienna district of Neubau.

Josef Hoffmann
Josef Hoffmann (15 December 1870 – 7 May 1956) was an Austrian-Moravian architect and designer. He was among the founders of Vienna Secession and co-establisher of the Wiener Werkstätte.  His most famous architectural work is the Stoclet Palace, in Brussels, (1905–1911) a pioneering work of Modern Architecture, Art Deco and peak of Vienna Secession architecture.
Bring Out a Briton
Bring Out a Briton was an Australian propaganda short film directed by Lee Robinson and presented by Chips Rafferty.

It was made by the Australian government to promote British emigration to Australia as part of the "Bring Out a Briton" campaign launched in 1957 by Athol Townley.

Lee Robinson (director)
Lee Robinson OAM (22 February 1923 – 22 September 2003) was an Australian producer, director and screenwriter who was Australia's most prolific filmmaker of the 1950s and part of the creative team that produced the late 1960s international hit television series Skippy the Bush Kangaroo.
Donald Dillbeck
Donald David Dillbeck (May 24, 1963 – February 23, 2023) was an American convicted murderer executed by the state of Florida for killing a woman in a Tallahassee mall parking lot in 1990. This crime occurred after his second escape from prison, where he was serving a life sentence for the 1979 murder of a deputy sheriff.

Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida.

Since 1976, the state has executed 127 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of February 24, 2026, 250 offenders are awaiting execution.
Mystery of Iniquity
"Mystery of Iniquity" is a song by American singer Lauryn Hill from her live album MTV Unplugged No. 2.0 (2002). The song was written and produced by Hill, with the album's producer Alex Coletti also being credited with the song's production. Lyrically, the songs finds Hill confronting capitalism and systemic injustice within the American legal and political systems.

In 2003, "Mystery of Iniquity" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance. The track saw renewed attention when Kanye West interpolated it for his 2004 single "All Falls Down", which became his first major commercial hit. Over time, "Mystery of Iniquity" has continued to inspire cultural and academic discussions and remains one of the most discussed songs from Hill's Unplugged set.

Alex Coletti
Alex Coletti is an executive producer and director. He is a Brooklyn native and graduate of Brooklyn College, and formerly worked for MTV Networks. He now heads Alex Coletti Productions. Coletti produced MTV's Unplugged series, was a five-time producer of the VMAs, and served as a producer for Super Bowl XXXV and Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime shows.
Gotlandic
Gotlandic (Swedish: gotländska) is the form of Swedish spoken on the islands of Gotland and Fårö in the Baltic Sea.

The dialect has to be distinguished from Gutnish (Gutamål), which is the autochthonous language on the islands and which was spoken well into the 20th century, it is estimated that around 2,000 to 5,000 people still speak Gutnish today. The Gotlandic dialect is characterized by a special singing language melody and by many diphthongs (like Gutnish), but is otherwise quite similar to standard Swedish in inflection and syntax. In contrast to Gutnish the Gotlandic dialect has fewer features in common with the Old Gutnish language.

The following table shows some differences between Gotlandic and Gutnish.

Indigenous language
An Indigenous language, or autochthonous language, is a language that is native to a region and spoken by its Indigenous peoples. Indigenous languages are not necessarily national languages but they can be; for example, Aymara is both an Indigenous language and an official language of Bolivia. Also, national languages are not necessarily Indigenous to the country.

Many Indigenous peoples worldwide have stopped the generational passage of their ancestral languages and have instead adopted the majority language as part of their acculturation into their host culture. Furthermore, many Indigenous languages have been subject to linguicide (language killing). Recognizing their vulnerability, the United Nations proclaimed 2019 the International Year of Indigenous Languages "to draw attention to the critical loss of Indigenous languages and the urgent need to preserve, revitalize and promote Indigenous languages."
Olena Halushka
Olena Mykhailivna Halushka (born 28 February 1989) is a Ukrainian politician and activist. She was a member of the Kyiv City Council, a co-founder of the International Center for Ukrainian Victory (ICUV), and Head of International Relations at Kyiv Anti-Corruption Action Centre.

Halushka is a contributor to Ukrainska Pravda, the Atlantic Council, EUobserver, The Washington Post, Foreign Policy, and Foreign Affairs.

Atlantic Council
The Atlantic Council is an American think tank in the field of international affairs, favoring Atlanticism, founded in 1961 by Christian Herter and William L. Clayton. It manages sixteen regional centers and functional programs related to international security and global economic prosperity. It is headquartered in Washington, DC, and is a member of the Atlantic Treaty Association.
Trong Gewog
Trong Gewog (Dzongkha: ཀྲོང་) is a gewog (village block) of Zhemgang District, Bhutan. It has a total area of 358 km2 and a total population of 3371. In 2003, The Dzongkhag administration declared Trong a “heritage village,” whereby house-owners were restricted from changing the appearance of their houses and surroundings. This was done to encourage the preservation of traditional Bhutanese architecture and increase culture-based tourism in the region. As of 2023, there were 380 households in this gewog, and 39 empty houses. The broader district of Zhemgang is known for its rich biodiversity, particularly of bird species, and Trong Gewog is a popular destination for bird-watching.

Within Trong Gewog, there are five Chiwogs; Gomphu, Tshanglajong Zuphel, Tama Berti, Soobdrang and Dangkhar.

Dzongkha
Dzongkha (རྫོང་ཁ་ [d͡zòŋkʰɑ́]), also known by its exonym Bhutanese, is a Tibeto-Burman language in the Sino-Tibetan language family that is primarily spoken by the Bhutanese people. It is the official and national language of Bhutan, and is written using the Tibetan script.

The word dzongkha means "the language of the fortress", from dzong "fortress" and kha "language". As of 2013, Dzongkha had 171,080 native speakers and about 640,000 total speakers.

Dzongkha is a South Tibetic language. It is closely related to Laya and Lunana and partially intelligible with Sikkimese, and to some other Bhutanese languages such as Chocha Ngacha, Brokpa, Brokkat and Lakha. It has a more distant relationship to Standard Tibetan.
Mara X
The Mara X (stylized as Mara X) is an Android smartphone in the Maraphone series, manufactured in Rwanda. It was officially announced and released on 7 October 2019 in both Kigali, Rwanda, and Durban, South Africa, alongside the Mara Z. At launch, it retailed for approximately 120,250 Rwandan francs (US$130 at the time).

Rwandan franc
The Rwandan franc (Kinyarwanda: ifaranga ry'u Rwanda; abbreviation: FRw; ISO code: RWF) is the currency of Rwanda. It is technically divided into 100 centimes, though they have never been issued in physical form. The National Bank of Rwanda is mandated to issue the national currency.
Osa, Missouri
Osa is an unincorporated community in the northeast corner of Barry County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Missouri Route JJ 1.5 miles north of Reavisville. Crane in adjacent Stone County is three miles to the east.

Stone County, Missouri
36°44′N 93°28′W﻿ / ﻿36.74°N 93.47°W﻿ / 36.74; -93.47

Stone County is located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 31,076. Its county seat is Galena.

Stone County was part of the Branson micropolitan area until 2023.
Aavani Thingal
Aavani Thingal (transl. Aavani Monday) is a 2006 Indian Tamil language romantic drama film directed by Harikrishna. The film stars newcomers Subramanian Gopalakrishnan, Tejini and Mathisha, with Livingston, Kadhal Sukumar, Delhi Kumar, Ajay Rathnam, Ramkumar, Lavanya and Sundari playing supporting roles. It was released on 17 November 2006.

Delhi Kumar
Delhi Kumar (born 9 May  1942) is an Indian  actor known for playing various roles in teleserials like Chithi, Metti Oli, Anandham, Malargal, Enge Brahmanan and Bommalattam. He has also acted in a few Tamil films, such as Dumm Dumm Dumm (2001), Kannathil Muthamittal (2002) and Enthiran (2010).
Richard M. Siddoway
Richard M. Siddoway (born 1940) is an American author and politician. He was a member of the Utah House of Representatives from 1997 to 2002, serving as a Republican.  Siddoway is also the author of several books including the New York Times bestseller The Christmas Wish.

Utah House of Representatives
The Utah House of Representatives is the lower house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The House is composed of 75 representatives elected from single member constituent districts. Each district contains an average population of 44,000 people. Members of the House are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The House convenes at the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City.
Better Man (Pearl Jam song)
"Better Man" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. It is the eleventh track on the band's third studio album, Vitalogy (1994). The song was written by vocalist Eddie Vedder. Despite the lack of a commercial single release, "Better Man" topped the US Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, spending eight weeks at number one. The song was included on Pearl Jam's 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror (Greatest Hits 1991–2003).

VH1 Storytellers
Storytellers is a television music series produced by the VH1 network.

In each episode, artists perform in front of a (mostly small and intimate) live audience, and tell stories about their music, writing experiences and memories, somewhat similar to MTV Unplugged. The show started in 1996 with a broadcast of Ray Davies, during his "Storyteller" tour, and took its name from this first show.The original idea and title was suggested by a young music lawyer at Sony Music, Jonathan Polk, who suggested to the Kink's manager in 1991, that Davies do a one man show called 'Ray Davies: Storyteller" at New York City's The Bottom Line, where he told the story behind each song.

98 episodes aired before the show's cancellation, and many of the performances have subsequently been released on CD or DVD. "Best of" collections have also been released. In February 2025, many Storytellers episodes became available to stream on Paramount+.
NASCAR Speedway Division
The NASCAR Speedway Division was a short-lived series brought forth in 1952 by NASCAR president and founder Bill France Sr. The series consisted of open-wheel race cars competing with stock engines. The idea of the series was to draw from the popularity of other open-wheel racing events such as the Indianapolis 500.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Telecommunications link
In a telecommunications network, a link is a communication channel that connects two or more devices for the purpose of data transmission. The link may be a dedicated physical link or a virtual circuit that uses one or more physical links or shares a physical link with other telecommunications links.

A telecommunications link is generally based on one of several types of information transmission paths such as those provided by communication satellites, terrestrial radio communications infrastructure (a radio link) and computer networks to connect two or more points.

The term link is widely used in computer networking to refer to the communications facilities that connect nodes of a network.

Sometimes the communications facilities that provide the communication channel that constitutes a link are also included in the definition of link.ipv4 for cell phone

Space radio system
Space radio system (also: space system) is – according to article 1.110 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as "any group of cooperating earth stations and/or space stations employing space radiocommunication for specific purposes".

Each system shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily.
SOLRAD 6
SOLRAD 6 (from "solar radiation"; also called SOLRAD 6A) was the sixth solar X-ray monitoring satellite in the United States Navy's SOLRAD series, the third in the series to successfully orbit.  It was launched along with POPPY 2, an ELINT surveillance package, as well as three other satellites, boosted into orbit via a Thor Augmented Delta-Agena D rocket on June 15, 1963.

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.