hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Achilleas Kallakis
Achilleas Michalis Kallakis (born Stefan Michalis Kollakis on 3 September 1968) is responsible for the UK's largest ever mortgage fraud, of over £760 million, and has been called "Britain's most successful serial confidence trickster". By making a slight change to his name, purporting to be related to an oil and property tycoon and using a corrupt lawyer, he was able to defraud banks into giving him mortgages on offices with inflated valuations. He and his accomplice Alexander Williams were successfully prosecuted by the UK's Serious Fraud Office in 2013.  Kallakis and Williams succeeded in bypassing fraud and due diligence checks by the banks despite having a previous convictions for fraud in 1995 and warning being raised about their lawyer who escaped prosecution.

Due diligence
Due diligence is the investigation or exercise of care that a reasonable business or person is normally expected to take before entering into an agreement or contract with another party or an act with a certain standard of care.

Due diligence can be a legal obligation, but the term more commonly applies to voluntary investigations. It may also offer a defence against legal action. A common example of due diligence is the process through which a potential acquirer evaluates a target company or its assets in advance of a merger or acquisition. The theory behind due diligence holds that performing this type of investigation contributes significantly to informed decision making by enhancing the amount and quality of information available to decision makers and by ensuring that this information is systematically used to deliberate on the decision at hand and all its costs, benefits, and risks.
2023 Moselle Open – Singles
Ugo Humbert defeated Alexander Shevchenko in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Moselle Open. It was his fourth career ATP Tour singles title.

Lorenzo Sonego was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Fabio Fognini.

Fabio Fognini
Fabio Fognini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈfaːbjo foɲˈɲiːni]; born 24 May 1987) is an Italian former professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP ranking of world No. 9 achieved on 15 July 2019. Fognini's most successful surface is red clay, where he has won eight of his nine ATP singles titles, most notably at the 2019 Monte-Carlo Masters. He also reached the quarterfinals of the 2011 French Open. Together with Simone Bolelli, Fognini won the 2015 Australian Open doubles championship, becoming the first all-Italian men's pair to win a Grand Slam title in the Open Era.
Eaves Housing for Women
Eaves Housing for Women (or simply Eaves) was a charitable company based in London. It provided support to vulnerable women, including female victims of domestic violence, sex trafficking, or domestic servitude, and campaigned against prostitution. The organisation also conducted research and lobbying.

Eaves was the umbrella organisation for a number of projects, including: "The Poppy Project", "The Scarlet Centre", "The Serafina Project", and "The Lilith Project".

The charity closed in October 2015.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Megalonisi Lighthouse
39°12′45″N 25°49′58″E﻿ / ﻿39.212618°N 25.832666°E﻿ / 39.212618; 25.832666

The Megalonisi Lighthouse, also erroneously called the Sigri Lighthouse, is a lighthouse located on the island of Megalonisi (Nisiopi), c. 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) west of the village Sigri near the western tip of the Greek island of Lesbos. It is a circular tower standing 13.4 metres (44 ft) meters tall with its focal plane at a height of 53 metres (174 ft), and has an attached 1-storey keeper's house. The light was established in 1861 with oil as its energy source. The petroleum lantern was replaced by an electric light in 1989. The only time when the light was turned off was during the Second World War and it was repaired in 1945. It is still used today for navigation safety, and emits two white flashes every 15 seconds in a luminous range of 21 nautical miles.

Cardinal point (optics)
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points. For simple cases where the medium on both sides of an optical system is air or vacuum, four cardinal points are sufficient: the two focal points and either the principal points or the nodal points. The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately determined with simple calculations.
Charles James Hamilton
Charles James Hamilton (15 September 1855 – 19 December 1937) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Goderich, Canada West and became a physician.

Hamilton was elected to Parliament at the Stormont riding in the 1925 general election. After serving one term in the 15th Canadian Parliament, he was defeated by Arnold Neilson Smith of the Liberals in the 1926 election.

Hamilton served as a reeve of Cornwall Township at one time. He was a municipal councillor for Cornwall, Ontario in 1884 and served as that city's mayor in 1889 and 1894.

1925 Canadian federal election
The 1925 Canadian federal election was held on October 29, 1925, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 15th Parliament of Canada. The Conservative party took the most seats in the House of Commons, although not a majority. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party was invited to form a minority government. Unlike the Conservative party, King's Liberals had the conditional support of the many Farmer/Progressive MPs. As a result, this is the only election in which the party that won the most seats did not get to form a government afterward.

The government fell the following year. Governor General Baron Byng of Vimy offered the Conservatives under Meighen a chance to form government. This too fell in short order. Byng's action in refusing King's request became the main issue of the 1926 election under the name "King–Byng Affair".
Wheeler Independent School District
The Wheeler Independent School District is a public school district in Wheeler County, Texas, United States, based in Wheeler, Texas. The district extends into a small portion of Gray County.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Wheeler County, Texas
Wheeler County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,990. Its county seat is Wheeler. The county was formed in 1876 and organized in 1879. It is named for Royall Tyler Wheeler, a chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court.

Wheeler County was formerly one of 30 entirely dry counties in the state of Texas. However, circa 2010, the community of Shamrock, located in Wheeler County at the intersection of Interstate 40 and U.S. Highway 83, voted to allow liquor sales. Within the city limits of Shamrock is the only place to purchase liquor in Wheeler County.

The Pioneer West Museum, the Wheeler County historical museum, is located in Shamrock off U.S. Highway 83.
Indre's 2nd constituency
The 2nd constituency of Indre is a French legislative constituency in the Indre département.

From 1958 to 2012, it was one of three constituencies in Indre.
In the 2010 redistricting, the number of constituencies in Indre was reduced to two.
It consists of the following cantons (partial cantons noted in brackets)
Ardentes (11/12 communes), Argenton-sur-Creuse, La Châtre, Issoudun, Levroux, Neuvy-Saint-Sépulchre, Valençay and Saint-Gaultier (2/34 communes).

Canton of Neuvy-Saint-Sépulchre
The canton of Neuvy-Saint-Sépulchre is an administrative division of the Indre department, central France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Neuvy-Saint-Sépulchre.

It consists of the following communes:
Capurso
Capurso (Barese: Capùrse) is a town and comune of around 15,000 inhabitants in the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, Italy, located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) southeast of the capital. Capurso has many places to visit, for example the local church named Madonna del Pozzo.

Barese dialect
Barese dialect (natively dialètte barése; Italian: dialetto barese) is an Italo-Romance dialect belonging to the "southern intermediate" group (or Neapolitan), spoken in the regions of Apulia and Basilicata. Influences include Messapian, Oscan, Greek, Spanish, Old French, Franco-Provençal and Arabic, creating one of the most distinct Italian dialects both phonetically and lexically.
Kazembe Kazembe
Kazembe Raymond (Ray) Kazembe (born 23 June 1969) is a Zimbabwean politician and currently serves as the Minister of Home Affairs and Cultural Heritage. He also served as Zimbabwe's Minister of Sport, Arts and Recreation and Zimbabwe's Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs. He was elected to the National Assembly in 2013 as a Zanu-PF member for Mazowe West Constituency. Previous to his move to politics, Kazembe was the chairman of the Dynamos football club.

ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.
Panorama portrait
A panorama portrait in photography and painting is the use of panoramic photography or imaging to convey a portrait of a person. It intends to be a bi-dimensional record of a 3D reality (experiences and events related to the subject) where the whole environment is emphasized and captured.

Panoramic photography is mostly used on landscapes and architecture. The approach to panorama portraits arose from a desire to depict the whole surroundings of the artist and the subject. Examples of 16th century paintings that use perspective to wholly depict an environment include The Burial of the Count of Orgaz by El Greco and Self-portrait in a convex Mirror by The Parmigianino. M. C. Escher is also famous for his distorted or impossible perspectives, notably his Fisheye Lens Portraits and Curvilinear Perspectives.

Curvilinear perspective
Curvilinear perspective, also five-point perspective, is a graphical projection used to draw 3D objects on 2D surfaces, for which (straight) lines on the 3D object are projected to curves on the 2D surface that are typically not straight (hence the qualifier "curvilinear"). It was formally codified in 1968 by the artists and art historians André Barre and Albert Flocon in the book La Perspective curviligne, which was translated into English in 1987 as Curvilinear Perspective: From Visual Space to the Constructed Image and published by the University of California Press.

Curvilinear perspective is sometimes colloquially called fisheye perspective, by analogy to a fisheye lens. In computer animation and motion graphics, it may also be called tiny planet.
Napa Junction, California
Napa Junction (formerly, Adelante) is an unincorporated community in Napa County, California. It lies at an elevation of 79 feet (24 m). Napa Junction is located on the California Northern Railroad (formerly the Southern Pacific Railroad), 7.5 miles (12.1 km) south-southeast of Napa. The junction has connected the railroads of the California Coast Ranges north of San Francisco Bay to the national rail network since completion of the Santa Rosa and Carquinez Railroad in 1888.

The Adelante post office functioned from 1869 to 1871. The Napa Junction post office opened in 1875, was closed for a time in 1880, and closed permanently in 1933.

Part of Napa Junction has been annexed to and incorporated in American Canyon.

Napa, California
Napa is the largest city in and the county seat of Napa County and a principal city of Wine Country in Northern California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the Bay Area, the city had a population of 76,921 as of the July, 2024. Napa is a major tourist destination in California, known for its wineries, restaurants, and arts culture.
NCSL
NCSL can refer to several things:

National College for School Leadership – British government-funded Non-Departmental Public Body for head teachers and school leaders

National Conference of State Legislatures – non-governmental organization for members and staff of US state legislatures

New Caledonia Super Ligue, top division association football league of New Caledonia

New Caledonia Second Level, second division association football league of New Caledonia

NCSL International – non-profit organization concerned with metrology and related fields

Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway - American railway which operated from 1851-1957

New Caledonia Super Ligue
The New Caledonian Super League (French: Super Ligue de Nouvelle-Calédonie) is the top division of the New Caledonian football league system. It is run by the New Caledonian Football Federation.

The league is played as a double round robin between the top-4 clubs from the Division Honneur of Grande Terre and the champions of the Îles.
The Brian Setzer Orchestra
The Brian Setzer Orchestra (sometimes known by its initials BSO) is a swing and jump blues band formed in 1992 by Stray Cats frontman Brian Setzer. In 1998, for their breakout album The Dirty Boogie, the group covered Louis Prima's "Jump, Jive an' Wail", which originally appeared on Prima's 1957 album The Wildest!. The BSO's follow up single, appearing on the album Vavoom!, was "Gettin' in the Mood."

The Wildest!
The Wildest! is an album by Louis Prima, first released in 1956. It features singer Keely Smith with saxophonist Sam Butera and the Witnesses. It is considered an innovative mixture of early rock and roll, jump blues and jazz as well as eccentric humor.
English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2003–04
Sri Lanka won the 3 match series 1-0 and 4 limited overs matches, one of which was the Bungle in the jungle.

Sri Lanka won the Test series by winning 1 of the 3 matches with 2 drawn:

1st Test (Galle International Stadium) – match drawn

2nd Test (Asgiriya Stadium, Kandy) – match drawn

3rd Test (Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo) – Sri Lanka won by an innings and 215 runs

Galle International Stadium
Galle International Stadium (Sinhala: ගාල්ල ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාංගණය, Tamil: காலி பன்னாட்டு அரங்கம்) is a cricket stadium in Galle, Sri Lanka, situated near Galle Fort and fringed on two sides by the Indian Ocean.  It is considered to be one of the most picturesque cricket grounds in the world. Before being brought up to international cricket standards, it was known as 'The Esplanade', and is the home ground of the Galle Cricket Club. This stadium is identified as one of the luckiest venues for the Sri Lankan national cricket team.
Mucoperiosteum
Mucoperiosteum is a compound structure consisting of mucous membrane and underlying periosteum. It includes epithelium and lamina propria, but attaches directly to the periosteum of underlying bone without the usual submucosa. It consists of loose fatty or glandular tissues; with blood vessels & nerve fibres that supply the mucosa.

It can be found in the midline of the hard palate, the palatine raphe, among other places.

Submucosa
The submucosa (or tela submucosa) is a thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. It is the layer of dense irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa (mucous membrane) and joins it to the muscular layer, the bulk of overlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle).

The submucosa (sub- + mucosa) is to a mucous membrane what the subserosa (sub- + serosa) is to a serous membrane.
Santha Moorthy
Santha Moorthy (born 10 September 1979) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 10 October 2019, for Puducherry in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 18 November 2019, for Puducherry in the 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.

He made his first-class debut on 12 February 2020, for Puducherry in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy. In the match, he took a five-wicket haul, and at the age of 40 years and 155 days, became the oldest bowler to take five wickets on debut. The previous record was set 125 years earlier, when Fred Wright took five wickets for Leicestershire against Derbyshire in the 1895 County Championship in England, when Wright was 40 years and 49 days old on debut.

1895 County Championship
The 1895 County Championship was the sixth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 6 May to 2 September 1895. Surrey claimed their fifth title, which was decided by the percentage of completed matches by each team.

The competition saw the first participation in the competition by Derbyshire, Essex, Hampshire, Leicestershire and Warwickshire.
Laura Dekker
Laura Dekker (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʌuraː ˈdɛkər]; born 20 September 1995) is a Dutch sailor. In 2009, she announced her plan to become the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe single-handed. A Dutch court stepped in, owing to the objections of the local authorities, and prevented Laura from departing while under shared custody of both her parents. In July 2010, a Dutch family court ended this custody arrangement, and the record-breaking attempt finally began on 21 August 2010. Dekker successfully completed the solo circumnavigation in a 12.4-metre (40 ft) two-masted ketch named Guppy, arriving in Simpson Bay, Sint Maarten, 518 days later at the age of 16.

Single-handed sailing
The sport and practice of single-handed sailing or solo sailing is sailing with only one crewmember (i.e., only one person on board the vessel). The term usually refers to ocean and long-distance sailing and is used in competitive sailing and among cruisers.
Charalambos Zouras
Kharalambos Zouras (Greek: Χαράλαμπος Ζούρας, January 1, 1885 – 1972) was a Greek athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was born in Vourvoura, Arcadia.

In 1908 he finished fourth in the freestyle javelin competition. He also participated in the javelin throw event, but the result is unknown.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
4B5B
In telecommunications, 4B5B is a form of data communications line code. 4B5B maps groups of 4 bits of data onto groups of 5 bits for transmission. These 5-bit words are predetermined in a dictionary and they are chosen to ensure that there will be sufficient transitions in the line state to produce a self-clocking signal. A collateral effect of the code is that 25% more bits are needed to send the same information.

An alternative to using 4B5B coding is to use a scrambler. Some systems use scramblers in conjunction with 4B5B coding to assure DC balance and improve electromagnetic compatibility.

Depending on the standard or specification of interest, there may be several 5-bit output codes left unused.  The presence of any of the unused codes in the data stream can be used as an indication that there is a fault somewhere in the link.  Therefore, the unused codes can be used to detect errors in the data stream.

DC bias
In signal processing, when describing a periodic function in the time domain, the DC bias, DC component, DC offset, or DC coefficient is the mean value of the waveform. A waveform with zero mean or no DC bias is known as a DC balanced or DC free waveform.
JoNell Bakke
JoNell Bakke is a former Democratic-NPL member of the North Dakota Senate from the 43rd district located in the Grand Forks area. Bakke previously served in the North Dakota Senate during the 60th Legislative Assembly from 2006 to 2010. A retired special education teacher, Bakke earned her Bachelor of Science and Master of Education at the University of North Dakota.

In the November 2018 election, Bakke defeated Senator Lonnie Laffen by six percentage points.

University of North Dakota
The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".
Misamis Oriental's 1st congressional district
Misamis Oriental's 1st congressional district is one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Misamis Oriental. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district encompasses the eastern half of the province consisting of the city of Gingoog and the municipalities of Balingasag, Balingoan,  Binuangan, Kinoguitan, Lagonglong, Magsaysay, Medina, Salay, Sugbongcogon and Talisayan. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Karen Lagbas of the National Unity Party (NUP).

Binuangan
Binuangan, officially the Municipality of Binuangan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Binuangan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Binuangan), is a municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 7,441 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province.
Patrick Friesacher
Patrick Friesacher (born 26 September 1980) is an Austrian racing driver. He is the longest-serving Red Bull driver, and also drove for the Minardi Formula One team during the first half of the 2005 season.

After his departure from Formula One, Friesacher became an exhibition driver for Red Bull Racing and a instructor at the Red Bull Ring. Between 2017 and 2018, he was one of the drivers of the two-seater F1 Experiences cars.

Red Bull GmbH
Red Bull GmbH (German pronunciation: [ʁɛt ˈbʊl]) is an Austrian multinational private conglomerate company that created the Red Bull range of energy drinks. It is also known for its wide range of sporting events and teams. The headquarters of Red Bull GmbH are located in Fuschl am See, Salzburg.