hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Demographics of Armenia
The population of Eastern Armenia – corresponding to the First Republic of Armenia as well as Soviet and post-Soviet Armenia – has undergone significant changes in the 20th century.

Following Turkey's genocide of Armenians in 1915, between 300,000-600,000 Armenians fled from Western Armenia to Eastern Armenia, a number which increased further following Turkey's invasion of Eastern Armenia in 1920. After registering steady increases during the Soviet period due to repatriation campaigns and low emigration rates, the population declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 3.075 million in 2025. Primary factors contributing to this emigration include the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the economic hardship caused by the ongoing blockade imposed by Turkey and Azerbaijan (1989-present). Recently there has been a moderate influx of Armenians returning to Armenia.

Shirak Province
Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ, Armenian pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾɑk] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north-west of the country, bordering the provinces of Lori to the east and Aragatsotn to the south and southeast, and the countries of Turkey to the west and Georgia to the north. Its capital and largest city is Gyumri, which is the second largest city in Armenia. It is as much semi-desert as it is mountain meadow or high alpine. In the south, the high steppes merge into mountain terrain, being verdant green in the spring, with hues of reddish brown in the summer. The province is served by the Shirak International Airport of Gyumri.
Bamba Sutherland
Princess Bamba Sutherland (29 September 1869 – 10 March 1957) was a member of the royal family that once ruled the Sikh Empire in the Punjab.  After a childhood in England, she settled in Lahore, the capital of what had been her father's kingdom, where she was a suffragette and a passionate advocate of self rule and independence of India. She was a close and personal friend of Indian revolutionaries whom she hosted at her house in Lahore like Lala Lajpat Rai.

Royal family
A royal family is the immediate family of monarchs and sometimes their extended family.

The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term papal family describes the family of a pope, while the terms baronial family, comital family, ducal family, archducal family, grand ducal family, or princely family are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning baron, count/earl, duke, archduke, grand duke, or prince.

However, in common parlance members of any family which reigns by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and their descendants as a royal family. A dynasty is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.
ERA-45
ERA-45 is a synthetic estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERα. It shows 286-fold selectivity for transactivation of the ERα over the ERβ, with EC50 values of 0.37 nM for the ERα (7-fold weaker than estradiol) and 13 nM for the ERβ (20,000-fold weaker than estradiol). However, another found only about 35-fold potency for transactivation of the ERα over the ERβ. The drug has no antagonistic activity at either receptor. ERA-45 induced prostate cancer development in preclinical models when it was given in combination with testosterone, whereas testosterone alone did not do so. In contrast, the selective ERβ agonist ERB-26 was protective against the development of prostate cancer produced by these two drugs. These findings suggest opposing roles of the ERα and ERβ in the prostate gland. The chemical structure of ERa-45 does not appear to have been disclosed.

Preclinical development
In drug development,  preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.

The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.

Companies use stylized statistics to illustrate the risks in preclinical research, such as that on average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
TBWA\Chiat\Day
TBWA\Chiat\Day (/ˈtʃaɪ.æt/ CHY-at) is the American division of the advertising agency TBWA Worldwide. Created in the 1995 merger of TBWA and Chiat/Day, the agency operates offices in Los Angeles, New York City, Nashville, and Mexico City. Prior to the merger, Chiat/Day created internationally notable advertising, including "1984" for Apple Computer, the advertisement that introduced the Macintosh computer. The merger also inspired the creation of the ad agency St.Lukes by Chiat/Day's London office's employees.

TBWA Worldwide is part of the global marketing group Omnicom, with a reputation for more quirky or "disruptive" work. The youngest network in the group's portfolio, TBWA expanded rapidly in the final years of the 1990s and is a competitor to BBDO and DDB. A significant step came in 1998 when the agency absorbed Anglo-French marketing network GGT BDDP.

The current president of the Los Angeles office is Courtney Nelson; the New York office is headed by Rob Schwartz.

Advertising agency
An advertising agency, often referred to as a creative agency or an ad agency, is a business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising and sometimes other forms of promotion and marketing for its clients. An ad agency is generally independent of the client; it may be an internal department or agency that provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the client's products or services, or an outside firm. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and promotions for its clients, which may include sales as well.

Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and private agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce television advertisements, radio advertisements, online advertising, out-of-home advertising, mobile marketing, and AR advertising, as part of an advertising campaign.
Sorkh Qaleh, North Khorasan
Sorkh Qaleh (Persian: سرخ قلعه, also Romanized as Sorkh Qal‘eh; also known as Sorkh Qal‘eh-ye Torkhā) is a village in Milanlu Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 274, in 56 families.

North Khorasan province
North Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان شمالی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country. Its capital is the city of Bojnord.

North Khorasan is one of the three provinces created after the division of Khorasan in 2004. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5.
NCRA
NCRA is an initialism which may stand for:

National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, a premier Radio Astronomy research institute in Pune, India

National Campus and Community Radio Association, a non-profit association of campus radio and community radio stations in Canada

National Coalition for Reform and Advancement, a political coalition in the Solomon Islands

National Cooperative Refinery Association, an energy cooperative in Kansas, US

National Court Reporters Association, a US organization committed to advancing the profession of court reporting

North Coast Railroad Authority, a US organization to restore and preserve rail service along the Northwestern Pacific rail line.

Northern California Recycling Association, an environmental organization in California, US

Nottinghamshire County Rowing Association, an elite rowing organization from Nottingham, England (1981-2006)

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Targeted projection pursuit
Targeted projection pursuit is a type of statistical technique used for exploratory data analysis, information visualization, and feature selection. It allows the user to interactively explore very complex data (typically having tens to hundreds of attributes) to find features or patterns of potential interest.

Conventional, or 'blind', projection pursuit, finds the most "interesting" possible projections in multidimensional data, using a search algorithm that optimizes some fixed criterion of "interestingness" – such as deviation from a normal distribution. In contrast, targeted projection pursuit allows the user to explore the space of projections by manipulating data points directly in an interactive scatter plot.

Targeted projection pursuit has found applications in DNA microarray data analysis, protein sequence analysis, graph layout and digital signal processing. It is available as a package for the WEKA machine learning toolkit.

Weka (software)
Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (Weka) is a collection of machine learning and data analysis free software licensed under the GNU General Public License. It was developed at the University of Waikato, New Zealand and is the companion software to the book "Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques".
2018 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Oliver Marach and Mate Pavić were the defending champions, but chose not to defend their title.

Luke Bambridge and Jonny O'Mara won the title, defeating Marcus Daniell and Wesley Koolhof in the final, 7–5, 7–6(10–8).

Jonny O'Mara
Jonny O'Mara (born 2 March 1995) is a British tennis player. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 44 achieved on 20 May 2019. He also has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 489 achieved on 10 April 2017. He is also a North of Scotland Tennis Legend often representing the county in the prestigious County Cup event while serving as a professional player. He joins the likes of Andy Murray, Jamie Murray and Jake Leyni as true Legends to play for the North of Scotland in a professional capacity.
Vinh Long Airfield
Vĩnh Long Airfield (also known as Vĩnh Long Army Airfield, Gauvin-Upton Airfield or Shannon-Wright Compound) is a former United States Army base west of Vĩnh Long in Vĩnh Long Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Vĩnh Long province
Vĩnh Long (listenⓘ) is a province located in the Mekong Delta of southwestern Vietnam. Its provincial capital is Long Châu ward. Its population is 4,257,581 and its area is 6,296.20 km2 (2,430.98 mi2). After merging with Bến Tre and Trà Vinh provinces, Vĩnh Long province has many large river islands, including: Bảo island, Minh island and An Hoá island. The east of the province has a coastline with the East Sea.
Ng Siu-hong
Andy Ng Siu-hong (Cantonese: 吳兆康, Cantonese Yale: Ǹgh Shiuh Hōng, born 1979) is a Hong Kong-born English politician. Ng is now a local councillor in Wokingham, England and was a councillor in the Central and Western District Council in Hong Kong.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Bev Craig
Beverley Anne Craig OBE is a Labour politician serving as the leader of Manchester City Council, and the councillor for Burnage. As leader she is also a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority and is the combined authority's portfolio lead for Economy, Business and Inclusive Growth. She was also a founding signatory of Open Labour, an activist group for the soft left of the Labour Party.

Craig was elected Leader of Manchester City Council by the ruling Labour group of councillors in October 2021, and officially succeeded Richard Leese at a full meeting of the council on his retirement on 1 December 2021.

Open Labour
Open Labour is an activist group in the British Labour Party which acts as a forum for members to discuss ideas, tactics and campaigning. It is in the soft left political tradition, to the right of left-wing groups like Momentum and to the left of New Labour groups such as Progressive Britain.
Voltron Force
Voltron Force is an animated television series that premiered on June 16, 2011, exclusively on Nicktoons. It is a sequel to the 1980s animated series Voltron and the 1999 CGI series Voltron: The Third Dimension. It ended after one season on April 25, 2012, with the planned second season being unproduced.

Nicktoons (American TV channel)
Nicktoons (formerly Nicktoons TV and Nicktoons Network) is an American pay television channel owned by the Nickelodeon Group, a sub-division of the Paramount Media Networks division of Paramount Skydance. Launched on May 1, 2002, the channel is geared towards children aged 7 to 11, and serves as an extension of the eponymous brand used by Nickelodeon for its original animated programming.

As of December 2023, Nicktoons is available to approximately 43 million pay television households in the United States, down from its peak of 69 million households in 2013.
Oricilla
Oricilla was a genus of Early Devonian land plant with branching axes. Fossils have been found from the Pragian to the Emsian (413 to 393 million years ago).

A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Oricilla in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).

Hao and Xue in 2013 used the absence of terminal sporangia to place the genus in the paraphyletic order Gosslingiales, a group of zosterophylls considered to have indeterminate growth, with fertile branches generally showing circinate vernation (initially curled up). Kenrick and Crane in 1997 also placed the genus in the family Gosslingiaceae, but they place this family in the order Sawdoniales.

Pragian
The Pragian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 413.02 ± 1.91 million years ago to 410.62 ± 1.95 million years ago. It was preceded by the Lochkovian Stage and followed by the Emsian Stage. The most important Lagerstätte of the Pragian is Rhynie chert in Scotland. It is named after the city of Prague. The GSSP is located within the Prague Formation at Velká Chuchle, Prague.

In North America the Pragian Stage is represented by Siegenian or Deerparkian time.
Guard rail
Guard rails, guardrails, railings or protective guarding, in general, are a boundary feature and may be a means to prevent or deter access to dangerous or off-limits areas while allowing light and visibility in a greater way than a fence.  Common shapes are flat, rounded edge, and tubular in horizontal railings, whereas tetraform spear-headed or ball-finialed are most common in vertical railings around homes. Inside the home, at the edge of stairs or balconies, they are called balustrades, especially when of a more elaborate design.  Park and garden railings commonly in metalworking feature swirls, leaves, plate metal areas and/or motifs particularly on and beside gates.

High-security railings (particularly if in flat metal then a type of palisade) may instead feature jagged points and most metals are well-suited to anti-climb paint.

A handrail is less restrictive on its own than a guard rail and provides support.

Gate
A gate or gateway is a point of entry to or from a space enclosed by walls. The word is derived from Proto-Germanic *gatan, meaning an opening or passageway. Synonyms include yett (which comes from the same root word) and portal. The concept originally referred to the gap or hole in the wall or fence, rather than a barrier which closed it. Gates may prevent or control the entry or exit of individuals, or they may be merely decorative. The moving part or parts of a gateway may be considered "doors", as they are fixed at one side whilst opening and closing like one.

A gate might have a latch that can be raised and lowered to both open a gate or prevent it from swinging. Gate operation can be either automated or manual. Locks are also used on gates to increase security.

Larger gates can be used for a whole building, such as a castle or fortified town. Doors can also be considered gates when they are used to block entry as prevalent within a gatehouse.
Cheung Lung Wai Estate
Cheung Lung Wai Estate (Chinese: 祥龍圍邨) is a public housing estate in Sheung Shui, New Territories, Hong Kong near North District Hospital. It comprises two residential blocks providing 1,358 units completed in 2015.

North District Hospital
North District Hospital (Chinese: 北區醫院; Cantonese Yale: Bākkēui Yīyún) or NDH is a district general hospital serving the population of the New Territories East Cluster. It has now 683 in-patient beds, 24-hour Accident & Emergency service, specialist out-patient, day and community facilities.

NDH is the first hospital completely planned and built by the Hospital Authority since their establishment in 1990. After five years' construction, the hospital commenced service in February 1998. The location was formerly known as the Dodwell's Ridge Camp (Chinese: 天祥營; Cantonese Yale: Tīn chèuhng yìhng) of the Royal Hong Kong Police Cadet School.
Adelobasileus
Adelobasileus cromptoni is a genus of mammaliamorph cynodonts from the Late Triassic (Carnian to Rhaetian), about 225 - 220 million years ago. It is known only from a partial skull recovered from the Tecovas Formation in western Texas and partial specimens from the Chinle Formation in Arizona, Southern United States.

Distinct cranial features, especially the housing of the cochlea, suggest that Adelobasileus is a transitional form in the character transformation from non-mammaliaform cynodonts to mammaliaforms. For this reason, it is thought to be a close relative of the common ancestor of all modern mammals. Though formerly classified as a mammal by trait-based taxonomy, it is currently placed outside the crown group containing all true mammals.

Tecovas Formation
The Tecovas Formation is a geological formation in the Texas panhandle and eastern New Mexico. It is one of several formations encompassed by the Late Triassic Dockum Group.

The lower unit of the Cooper Canyon Formation in Garza County to the south is stratigraphically equivalent to the Tecovas Formation. It is also contiguous with the Garita Creek Formation of New Mexico, as well as partially to the Santa Rosa Formation.
Newton Cloud
Newton Cloud (November 29, 1804 – July 22, 1877) was an American politician and Methodist minister.

Cloud was born in Stokes County, North Carolina. He moved to Kentucky with his parents. In 1828, he moved to Morgan County, Illinois and settled in Waverly, Illinois. Cloud served as a Methodist minister and was a farmer. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1830 to 1832, from 1834 to 1836, from 1836 to 1840, from 1842 to 1844, from 1846 to 1848, and from 1871 to 1873. He served as speaker of the house from 1846 to 1848. Cloud served as chief clerk of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1844 to 1846. Cloud also served in the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1847 and was the president of the convention. Cloud served in the Illinois Senate from 1849 to 1852. Cloud was a Democrat. He died at his home in Waverly, Illinois.

Morgan County, Illinois
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 32,915. Its county seat is Jacksonville.

Morgan County is part of the Jacksonville, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Springfield–Jacksonville–Lincoln, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Duke Ellington at Fargo, 1940 Live
Duke Ellington at Fargo, 1940 Live is a live album by the Duke Ellington Orchestra that won the Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album in 1980. The album was recorded at a dance in Fargo, North Dakota.

Ben Webster
Benjamin Francis Webster (March 27, 1909 – September 20, 1973) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. He performed in the United States and Europe and made many recordings with Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday, Johnny Hodges, and others.
John Newsom-Davis
John Michael Newsom-Davis (18 October 1932 – 24 August 2007) was a neurologist who played an important role in the discovery of the causes of, and treatments for, Myasthenia gravis, and of other diseases of the nerve-muscle junction, notably Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia. Regarded as "one of the most distinguished clinical neurologists and medical scientists of his generation," he died in a car accident in Adjud, Romania, having visited a neurological clinic in Bucharest earlier the same day.

Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
The Medical Research Council (MRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for co-coordinating and funding medical research in the United Kingdom.

The MRC focuses on high-impact research and has provided the financial support and scientific expertise behind a number of medical breakthroughs, including the development of penicillin and the discovery of the structure of DNA. Research funded by the MRC has produced 32 Nobel Prize winners to date.
Bien Viet Securities
Bien Viet Securities J.S.C. (CBV) (a former name of Woori CBV Securities Corporation) is Vietnam provider of financial and investment services. CBV has been well known as the first and largest provider of Vietnam’s financial market indexes and economic indicators.
Vietnam Securities Indexes is the first equity index that composes all stocks listed on the two exchanges in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam Finance Indexes family is the first family of Vietnam finance indexes to be sponsored and introduced  by Bloomberg to global financial institutions. The index system developed by CBV is the world's largest index family for Vietnam with over 450 equity indexes, 50 fixed income indexes, and over 50 indexes in other categories.

The company's most known indexes include Vietnam Securities Indexes, Vietnam Bond Indexes, Vietnam Investor Confidence Index, VND Index, Vietnam Consumer Confidence Index.

NH Investment & Securities
NH Investment & Securities Co., Ltd. (NH I&S; Korean: 엔에이치투자증권 주식회사; RR: En Eichi Tuja Jeunggwon Jusik Hoesa) is one of the largest securities firms in Korea, offering a broad range of financial services, encompassing wealth management, investment banking, brokerage and merchant banking through 121 domestic branches and overseas subsidiaries.