hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pierre Lassus
Pierre Lassus (11 April 1741 – 16 March 1807) was a French surgeon  born in Paris.

He was a one-time surgeon to the daughters of Louis XV, and in 1795 worked with Philippe-Jean Pelletan (1747–1829), Nicolas Dieudonné Jeanroy (1750–1816) and Jean-Baptiste Dumangin (1744–1826) on the autopsy of 10-year-old Louis XVII.

In 1802 he was appointed secrétaire perpétuel of the physical sciences section at the Institut de France. In 1804 he was chosen by Jean-Nicolas Corvisart (1755–1821) as a consultant-surgeon of the Emperor.

Louis XVII
Louis XVII (born Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy; 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795) was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. His older brother, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, died in June 1789, a little over a month before the start of the French Revolution. At his brother's death he became the new Dauphin (heir apparent to the throne), a title he held until 1791, when the new constitution accorded the heir apparent the title of Prince Royal.

When his father was executed on 21 January 1793, during the middle period of the French Revolution, he automatically succeeded as King of France, Louis XVII, in the eyes of the royalists. France was by then a republic, and since Louis-Charles was imprisoned and died in captivity in June 1795, he never actually ruled. Nevertheless, in 1814 after the Bourbon Restoration, his uncle acceded to the throne and was proclaimed his successor, as Louis XVIII.
Zultrax
Zultrax was  a multi-network peer-to-peer application. Supported networks are ZEPP and gnutella. Zultrax runs under the Microsoft Windows operating system.

Zultrax was originally developed in 2001 by Peter Bartholomeus. It is coded using Borland Delphi. Development and support stopped in 2009.

The aim of Zultrax was to provide ease of use combined with the encrypted ZEPP network. This network was fully concentrated around the concepts of swarming and privacy protection.

Gnutella
Gnutella is a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting the model.

In June 2005, Gnutella's population was 1.81 million computers  increasing to over three million nodes by January 2006. In late 2007, it was the most popular file-sharing network on the Internet with an estimated market share of more than 40%.
Arabic epic literature
Arabic epic literature encompasses epic poetry and epic fantasy in Arabic literature. Virtually all societies have developed folk tales encompassing tales of heroes. Although many of these are legends, many are based on real events and historical figures.

Antoine Galland
Antoine Galland (French: [ɑ̃twan ɡalɑ̃]; 4 April 1646 – 17 February 1715) was a French orientalist and archaeologist, most famous as the first European translator of One Thousand and One Nights, which he called Les mille et une nuits. His version of the tales appeared in twelve volumes between 1704 and 1717 and exerted a significant influence on subsequent European literature and attitudes to the Islamic world. Jorge Luis Borges has suggested that Romanticism began when his translation was first read.
Crosstown Freeway
The Crosstown Freeway can refers to three different freeways in the US state of California:

Crosstown Freeway (San Francisco) refers to a never-built freeway through Glen Canyon Park

Crosstown Freeway (San Bernardino) refers to a segment of Route 210 in San Bernardino.

Crosstown Freeway (Stockton) refers to a segment of State Route 4 which was built in the 1970s

California State Route 4
State Route 4 (SR 4) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California, routed from Interstate 80 in the San Francisco Bay Area to State Route 89 in the Sierra Nevada. It roughly parallels the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, a popular area for boating and fishing, with a number of accesses to marinas and other attractions. After crossing the Central Valley, the highway ascends up the Sierra foothills. It passes through Ebbetts Pass and contains the Ebbetts Pass Scenic Byway, a National Scenic Byway.
Harmonia Macrocosmica
The Harmonia Macrocosmica is a star atlas written by Andreas Cellarius and published in 1660 by Johannes Janssonius. The first part of the atlas contains copper plate prints depicting the world systems of Claudius Ptolemy, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Tycho Brahe. At the end are star maps of the classical and further constellations, the latter ones as introduced by Julius Schiller in his Coelum stellatum christianum of 1627.

For its importance in the history of cartography, particularly of celestial cartography, the Harmonia Macrocosmica is considered one of the notable masterworks from the Golden Age of Dutch/Netherlandish cartography (c. 1570s–1670s), along with Abraham Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum and Johannes Blaeu's Atlas Maior. It is often described as the most beautiful celestial atlas ever published.

Joan Blaeu
Joan Blaeu (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjoːɑm ˈblʌu]; 23 September 1596 – 21 December 1673), also called Johannes Blaeu, was a Dutch cartographer and the official cartographer of the Dutch East India Company. Blaeu is most notable for his map published in 1648, which was the first map to incorporate the heliocentric theory into a map of the world and was the first map that incorporated the discoveries of Abel Tasman. Blaeu renamed what is now New Zealand as Nieuw Zeeland after the Dutch province of Zeeland; the anglicized version of the name is still in use today.
Hürlimann
Hürlimann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Hürlimann (born 1934), Swiss rower who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics

Hans Hürlimann (1918–1994), Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974–1982)

Janet Hürlimann, Swiss curler and coach

Manfred Hürlimann (born 1958), Swiss painter

Martin Hürlimann (1897–1984), Swiss photographer

Patrick Hürlimann (born 1963), Swiss curler and Olympic champion

Robert Hürlimann (born 1967), Swiss curler

Thomas Hürlimann (born 1950), Swiss playwright and novelist

Hans Hürlimann
Hans Hürlimann (6 April 1918, Walchwil – 22 February 1994) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974–1982).

He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973 and handed over office on 31 December 1982. He was affiliated with the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland.

During his office time he held the Federal Department of Home Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1979.
Peter Treloar
Peter Andrew Treloar is an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Flinders for the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia from the March 2010 election until 2022.

Treloar held the position of Deputy Opposition Whip from soon after his election, promoted to Opposition Whip on 4 February 2016. He also held the Shadow Minister portfolios of Emergency Services, Volunteers and Veterans' Affairs from 6 November 2012 to 8 February 2013 at which time he became Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition instead.

Treloar grew up at Cummins on Eyre Peninsula in his electorate. He studied at Prince Alfred College in Adelaide. He won a Nuffield Australia Farming Scholarship. The topic of his report was Investigation of value adding opportunities and the study of grain industry structures.

Parliamentary secretary
A parliamentary secretary is a member of parliament in the Westminster system who assists a more senior minister with their duties. In several countries, the position has been re-designated as assistant minister, junior minister or associate minister.

In the parliamentary systems of several Commonwealth countries, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, India and Singapore, it is customary for the prime minister to appoint parliamentary secretaries from their political party in parliament to assist cabinet ministers with their work. The role of parliamentary secretaries varies under different prime ministers. The post has often served as a training ground for future ministers.
Antonio De Poli
Antonio De Poli (born 4 October 1960 in Vicenza) is an Italian politician and former Member of the European Parliament for North-East with the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats, part of the European People's Party. In the EP he was vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries and its Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.

He is also a member of the Delegation for relations with Canada and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the United States.

European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs
The Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL) is a committee of the European Parliament. It is responsible for issues of employment and social policy, including labour rights, social security, inclusion, free movement for workers and pensioners, professional and vocational training, the European Social Fund, and employment discrimination law. During the Ninth European Parliament (2019–2024), the committee has 55 members. Since July 2024, it is chaired by Li Andersson from Finland.
Muhammad al-Siti
Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Suleiman Al-Siti (in Arabic : أبو عبد الله محمد بن علي بن سليمان السِّطِّيّ), was a Maghrebi Muslim scholar of the 14th century (8th century Hijri) from Fes. He was a Maliki faqih (muslim jurist), and among his disciples was Yahya Ibn Khaldun, the brother of the historian Ibn Khaldun. Al-Siti enjoyed the respect of the Marinid sultan Abu al-Hasan, who appointed him as a professor at his court. In addition to his teaching role, he served as a mufti and preacher on various occasions.

In 748 AH (1347 AD), Al-Siti stayed in Tunis, where he remained until 750 AH (1349 AD). He was among those who accompanied the Marinid sultan Abu al-Hasan. During his return journey from Ifriqiya, he perished in Shawwal 750 AH (December 1349). His death occurred near Dellys, following the shipwreck of the Marinid fleet, caused by a sea storm.

Naval fleet
A naval fleet is the largest operational formation of warships in a navy, typically under a single command and organized for strategic missions. While modern fleets are permanent, multi-role forces (e.g., carrier strike groups), historical fleets were often ad hoc assemblies for specific campaigns. The term "fleet" can also synonymously refer to a nation’s entire navy, particularly in smaller maritime forces.

Fleets have shaped geopolitics since antiquity—from the trireme fleets of Athens to the nuclear-powered carrier groups of today—enabling power projection, trade protection, and deterrence. Multinational fleets, such as NATO’s Standing Maritime Groups, demonstrate their continued diplomatic-military role.
Avon (village), New York
Avon is a village in the town of Avon, Livingston County, New York, United States. The village population was 3,394 at the 2010 census, out of 7,146 people in the entire town. The village and town are named after the River Avon in England.

River Avon, Bristol
The River Avon (/ˈeɪvən/ AY-vən) is a river in the southwest of England. To distinguish it from a number of other rivers of the same name, it is often called the Bristol Avon. The name 'Avon' is loaned from an ancestor of the Welsh word afon, meaning 'river'.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire into Somerset. In its lower reaches from Bath (where it meets the Kennet and Avon Canal) to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol, the river is navigable and is known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the United Kingdom, at 83 miles (134 km), although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).
Hallfreðar saga
Hallfreðar saga vandræðaskálds (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhatl̥frɛðar ˈsaːɣa ˈvantrai̯ðaˌskau̯lts] ⓘ, Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈhalːfreðar ˈsaɣa ˈwandˌrɛːðaˌskalds]) is one of the sagas of Icelanders. The saga is preserved in several 14th-century manuscripts, including Möðruvallabók and Flateyjarbók, but there are significant differences between the versions.

It relates the story of Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld, an Icelandic poet active around the year 1000. The saga has some resemblance to the sagas of other poets, such as Kormáks saga or Gunnlaugs saga, but in Hallfreðar saga there is less emphasis on the romantic relationships of the skald. Instead, the saga dwells on the troubled conversion of Hallfreðr from Norse paganism to Christianity, and his relations with  King Óláfr Tryggvason and other Norwegian rulers.

Flateyjarbók
Flateyjarbók (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈflaːtˌeiːjarˌpouːk]; "Book of Flatey") is an important medieval Icelandic manuscript. It is also known as GkS 1005 fol. and by the Latin name Codex Flateyensis. It was commissioned by the knight and lawspeaker, Jón Hákonarson, and produced by the priests and scribes Jón Þórðarson and Magnús Þórhallsson.
Electoral district of Plantagenet
Plantagenet was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in Western Australia from 1890 to 1904.

The district, located in the Great Southern area of the state, was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election. In 1900, the seat included a number of towns along the Great Southern Railway, including Broomehill, Tambellup, Cranbrook, Tenterden, Kendenup, and Mount Barker, as well as Kojonup, Denmark, and Jerramungup. It excluded Albany which had its own seat. Plantagenet existed for four terms of parliament, electing the same member, Albert Hassell, on each occasion.

Kendenup, Western Australia
Kendenup is a small town and locality in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Plantagenet. It is known for its view of Porongurup Range and the Stirling Range. It is 345 kilometres (214 mi) south east of Perth and 22 kilometres (14 mi) north of Mount Barker. The Great Southern Railway (established 1889) passes through the town, which is one of the original stations on the line. At the 2006 census, Kendenup had a population of 1,290.

The town was once the centre of a vast sheep station, and was, in the early years of the Western Australian colony, one of the largest farming enterprises so far established.

At the time of the first European discovery, the area was known to the local Aboriginal people as "Moor-ilup". "Kendenup" is another local indigenous word that was used to describe the area.

The upper reach of the Kalgan River runs nearby.
Central Finland Province
The Central Finland Province (Finnish: Keski-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Mellersta Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1960 to 1997. The area of the Central Finland Province was the same as the area of Central Finland region.

The Central Finland Province was established in 1960 when it was separated from the Vaasa Province. Minor parts of Häme Province, Kuopio Province and Mikkeli Province were also merged to the new province. In 1997 it was reunited with Vaasa and together with the northern part of the Häme Province and the Turku and Pori Province it was merged into the new Western Finland Province.

Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaa (Finnish: [ˈpirkɑmˌmɑː]; Swedish: Birkaland; Latin: Birkaria), also known as Tampere Region in government documents, is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme and Southwest Finland. Most of the water area in the Kokemäki River watershed is located in the Pirkanmaa region, although Lake Vanajavesi is partly in the Kanta-Häme region. The region got its name from Pirkkala, which in the Middle Ages comprised most of present-day Pirkanmaa. Tampere is the regional center and capital of Pirkanmaa, and at the same time the largest city in the region.

The total population of Pirkanmaa was 529,100 on 30 June 2022, which makes it the second largest among Finland's regions after Uusimaa. The population density is well over twice the Finnish average, and most of its population is largely concentrated in the Tampere metropolitan area.
River Lochy (Glen Lochy)
The River Lochy flows west through Glen Lochy from Loch Bhe to the River Orchy and hence Lochawe in the West Highlands of Scotland.

The A85 road parallels the river for much of its length, as does the West Highland Line from Crianlarich to Dalmally.

Loch Awe
Loch Awe (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Obha; also sometimes anglicised as Lochawe, Lochaw, or Lochow) is a large body of freshwater in Argyll and Bute, Scottish Highlands. It has also given its name to a village on its banks, variously known as Loch Awe or Lochawe. There are islands within the loch such as Innis Chonnell and Inishail.
Piaski Coal Deposit
The Piaski coal deposit is a lignite deposit in the east of Poland in Piaski, Lublin Voivodeship, 200 km east of the capital, Warsaw. The Piaski lignite deposit has estimated reserves of 136.4 million tonnes of coal and an overburden to coal ratio of 7.3:1. The deposit is undeveloped but was considered potentially profitable. In 2020, PAK KWB Konin, a subsidiary of the polish utility company ZE PAK, decided to not develop the Piaski lignite deposit.

Piaski, Świdnik County
Piaski (Polish: [ˈpjaskʲi]), formerly Piaski Luterskie, is a town in Poland at the Giełczew river. The town's population is about 2,660 (2004). Administratively it belongs to Świdnik County of the Lublin Voivodeship.
Blue's Country Magazine
Blue's Country Magazine is a rural affairs magazine owned by Bauer Media Group. It is distributed across the sub-tropical and tropical farming belt of Australia. As a free monthly publication the magazine fills a niche between weekly newspapers and subscription-based monthly magazines. The headquarters is in Brisbane.

While Blue’s (as it is commonly known) does cover news and current events the bulk of the magazine covers community interest pieces (including letters, humour and bush ‘yarns’), equipment and product information – it also has a stable of regular columnists. The magazine is unusual in that it prides itself as being specifically biased toward primary producers. The mascot of the publication, the eponymous 'Blue' who forms the apostrophe in the magazine's masthead, is a Blue Heeler.

Nameplate (publishing)
The nameplate (American English) or masthead (British English) of a newspaper or periodical is its designed title as it appears on the front page or cover. Another very common term for it in the newspaper industry is "the flag". It is part of the publication's branding, with a specific font and, usually, color. It may include other details besides the name, such as ornamentation, a subtitle, or motto. For example, the masthead of The Times of London includes the British Royal Arms between the words "The" and "Times". Another example is the masthead of Daily Record of Scotland, which includes an ornamental lion in the "rampant" attitude to the right of the word "Daily".
Bodycount (video game)
Bodycount is a 2011 first-person shooter video game for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was developed and published by Codemasters. It is considered a spiritual successor to the 2006 video game Black. The player assumes control of Jackson, a former mercenary resolving wars between countries under an organization called the "Network". Like its predecessor, the game utilizes environmental destruction during gameplay. The game also features both cooperative and competitive multiplayer modes. Bodycount garnered mixed reviews upon release. Critics found enjoyable moments in the gameplay and campaign but felt it didn't distinguish itself from other first-person shooters. Because of the game's reception, Codemasters closed their Guildford studio, and cut their studio base by a third.

Spiritual successor
A spiritual successor (sometimes called a spiritual sequel) is a product or fictional work that is similar to, or directly inspired by, another previous product or work, but (unlike a traditional prequel or sequel) does not explicitly continue the product line or media franchise of its predecessor, and is thus only a successor "in spirit". Spiritual successors often have similar themes and styles to their preceding material, but are generally a distinct intellectual property.

In fiction, the term generally refers to a work by a creator that shares similarities to one of their earlier works, but is set in a different continuity, and features distinct characters and settings. Such works may arise when licensing issues prevent a creator from releasing a direct sequel using the same copyrighted characters and names as the original.
2C-T-29
2C-T-29, also known as 2C-T-PARGY or 2C-T-PROPARGYL or as 4-propargylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a designer drug from the substituted phenethylamine family, which was first synthesised by Josh Hartsel and colleagues in 2024. It is a potent agonist at the serotonin receptor 5-HT2A in vitro, with a binding affinity (Ki) of 1.3 nM and an EC50 of 0.67 nM, acting as a full agonist. While the closely related propylthio compound 2C-T-7 and the allylthio derivative 2C-T-16 are both known to be potent psychedelic drugs in humans, the propargylthio analogue 2C-T-29 is not known to have been tested in humans or other animals. It is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

Molar concentration
Molar concentration (also called amount-of-substance concentration or molarity) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Specifically, it is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per liter, having the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 (1000 mol/m3) in SI units. Molar concentration is often depicted with square brackets around the substance of interest; for example, the molarity of the hydronium ion is denoted as [H3O+].
Vision of Medea
Vision of Medea is an 1828 oil painting by the British artist J.M.W. Turner combining elements of landscape and history painting. It features a scene based on Greek Mythology with Medea gathering ingredients to cast a spell after she has been rejected by Jason, the leader of the Argonauts.

It was produced while Turner was visiting Italy and was first shown in a mini-exhibition in his artist's studio at the Palazzo Trulli in Rome. Although he hoped to display it at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1829 at Somerset House, it did not arrive from Italy in time. Two years later it was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1831 where it hung to one side of John Constable's Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows, sandwiching it between another Turner picture Caligula's Palace and Bridge.

Today the painting is in the collection of the Tate Britain in London having been part of the Turner Bequest of 1856.

Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
The Summer Exhibition is an open art exhibition held annually by the Royal Academy in Burlington House, Piccadilly in central London, England, during June, July, and August. The exhibition includes paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, architectural designs and models, and is the largest and most popular open exhibition in the United Kingdom. It is also "the longest continuously staged exhibition of contemporary art in the world".

When the Royal Academy was founded in 1768, one of its key objectives was to establish an annual exhibition, open to all artists of merit, which could be visited by the public. The first Summer Exhibition took place in 1769; it has been held every year since without exception.