hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R (on the application of Farrakhan) v Secretary of State for the Home Department
R (on the application of Farrakhan) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (legal citation [2002] EWCA Civ 606) was a challenge by way of judicial review to the ban on Louis Farrakhan entering the United Kingdom.  The ban was imposed on Farrakhan, the leader of the black separatist Nation of Islam in the United States, in 1986. He sought to overturn the ban in 2001, relying on the provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998, and was initially successful in the Administrative Court of the High Court of Justice – the first time that an exclusion order had been successfully challenged in court.

The British government appealed and in 2002 the Court of Appeal overturned the earlier decision, reinstating the ban.  Farrakhan's solicitor, Sadiq Khan, later became Mayor of London.

Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.
North Down Area A
North Down Area A was one of the four district electoral areas in North Down, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected five members to North Down Borough Council, and formed part of the North Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Ballyholme, Ballymagee, Bangor Harbour, Churchill and Groomsport. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Ballyholme and Groomsport DEA.

North Down (UK Parliament constituency)
North Down is a parliamentary constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The current MP is Alex Easton, an Independent Unionist, who was elected at the 2024 United Kingdom general election.
Hanro
Hanro International GmbH, with headquarters in Götzis in Austria, produces lingerie, nightwear, and loungewear for men and women. The company's products can be found in almost 50 countries and are sold at specialty retailers, department stores, and its own 14 boutiques and outlet stores. The company was founded in 1884 in Liestal, Switzerland, by Albert Handschin. The Huber Group acquired the company in 1991.

Boutique
A boutique (French: [butik]) is a retail shop that deals in high end fashionable clothing or accessories. The word is French for "shop", which derives ultimately from the Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothēkē) "storehouse".

Some multi-outlet businesses (chain stores) can be referred to as boutiques if they target small, upscale niche markets. Although some boutiques specialize in hand-made items and other unique products, others simply produce T-shirts, stickers, and other fashion accessories in artificially small runs and sell them at high prices.
Tickle Me Elmo
Tickle Me Elmo is a children's plush toy from Tyco Preschool, a division of Tyco Toys, of the Muppet character Elmo from the children's television show Sesame Street. When squeezed, Elmo recites his trademark giggle. When squeezed three times, Elmo shakes and vibrates.

The toy was first produced in the United States in 1996 and slowly became a fad, reaching its apex during the 1996 Christmas shopping season, with some instances of violence reported over the limited available supply. People reported that the toy, which retailed for $28.99 according to its MSRP, was being re-sold by scalpers in newspapers and on the Internet for up to $1,500 by the end of 1996.

Playskool
Playskool is an American brand of educational toys and games for preschoolers. The former Playskool manufacturing company was a subsidiary of the Milton Bradley Company and was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Playskool's last remaining plant in the aforementioned city was shut down in 1984, and Playskool became a brand of Hasbro, which had acquired Milton Bradley that same year. Amidst a major corporate restructuring at Hasbro, to focus on licensing, digital games and core toy brands in 2023, Hasbro has entered into licensing agreements with other toy companies, such as PlayMonster and Just Play Products, to outsource the brand's toy production.
Dime (United States coin)
The dime, in United States usage, is a ten-cent coin, one tenth of a United States dollar, labeled formally as "one dime". The denomination was first authorized by the Coinage Act of 1792.

The dime is the smallest in diameter and is the thinnest of all U.S. coins currently minted for circulation, being 0.705 inches (17.91 millimeters) in diameter and 0.053 in (1.35 mm) in thickness. The obverse of the current dime depicts the profile of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the reverse has an olive branch, a torch, and an oak branch, from left to right respectively.

The word dime comes from the Old French disme (Modern French dîme), meaning "tithe" or "tenth part", from the Latin decima [pars]. The dime is currently the only United States coin in general circulation that is not denominated in terms of dollars or cents. As of 2024, the dime cost 5.76 cents to produce.

Cent (currency)
The cent is a monetary unit of many national currencies that equals a hundredth (1⁄100) of the basic monetary unit. The word derives from the Latin centum, 'hundred'.

The cent sign is commonly a simple minuscule (lower case) letter c. In North America, the c is crossed by a diagonal or vertical stroke (depending on typeface), yielding the character ¢.

The United States one cent coin is generally known by the nickname "penny", alluding to the British coin and unit of that name. Australia ended production of their 1c coin in 1990, New Zealand last produced their 1c coin in 1988, as did Canada in 2012 and the US in 2025. Some Eurozone countries ended production of the 1 euro cent coin, most recently Slovakia in 2022.
Earth sciences graphics software
Earth sciences graphics software is a plotting and image processing software used in atmospheric sciences, meteorology, climatology, oceanography and other Earth science disciplines.

Earth Sciences graphics software includes the capability to read specialized data formats such as netCDF, HDR and GRIB. Such software is sometimes able to access the data from remote data centers. Examples of applications include satellite data processing, analysis of output from complex meteorological models and display of time series of data. Graphics capabilities range from simple line plots to complex three-dimensional visualizations.

This type of graphics software is often used to display results from earth sciences  numerical models.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Mercantile Exchange of Vietnam
Mercantile Exchange of Vietnam (MXV) is the only national centralized commodity trading market organizer in Vietnam, licensed by the Vietnam Ministry of Industry & Trade.

MXV is located in Hanoi, Vietnam, and was launched in December 2006. It has connected most of the major futures and forwards exchanges in the world such as: London Metal Exchange (LME); CME Group (CBOT, CME, COMEX, NYMEX); Intercontinental Exchange; Osaka Commodity Exchange (OSE); Singapore Commodity Exchange (SGX) and Bursa Malaysia Derivatives Exchange.

At MXV, there are 31 commodities with 38 types of futures contracts, which are standard, mini and micro futures contracts.

February 2006, the trading value at MXV exceeded VND10 trillion (US$438 million) for the first time, a milestone in the development of the commodity trading market in Vietnam.

Chicago Board of Trade
41°52′40″N 87°37′56″W﻿ / ﻿41.877821°N 87.632285°W﻿ / 41.877821; -87.632285

The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) is an American futures and options exchange that was founded in 1848. It operated as an independent exchange for more than 150 years, before merging with its long-time rival the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) to form CME Group in 2007. It is now a designated contract market of the CME Group.

Since 1930 it has operated out of the Chicago Board of Trade Building, a landmark Art Deco skyscraper in the Chicago Loop.
Gerd Gruber
Gerd Gruber (born April 27, 1982 in Graz) is an Austrian ice hockey defenceman currently playing for EHC Black Wings Linz in the Erste Bank Hockey League.

Gruber began his career in 1998, playing for his hometown team.  He spent a total of seven seasons with the Graz 99ers before moving to the Vienna Capitals in 2005.  He signed for Linz in 2006.

Vienna Capitals
The Vienna Capitals are an Austrian professional ice hockey team that participate in the ICE Hockey League. Founded in 2001, the Capitals play their home games in Vienna, Austria, at Steffl Arena. In the 2004–05 season, the Capitals claimed their first Austrian Championship in defeating EC KAC.
House Rules season 1
The first season of Australian reality television series House Rules, also known as House Rules 2013, was commissioned in 2012 and began airing on 14 May 2013. The series is produced by the team who created the Seven reality show My Kitchen Rules and is hosted by Johanna Griggs.

House Rules places six teams renovating each other's homes and further challenges for the ultimate prize of a full mortgage payment.

House Rules (2013 TV series)
House Rules is an Australian reality television series broadcast on the Seven Network. The series follows state-based teams of two who renovate each other's homes, with the team receiving the highest score winning an ultimate prize. The series is produced by the team who created the Seven reality show My Kitchen Rules.

House Rules premiered on 14 April 2013 and steadily gained viewers throughout its first season. The show's eighth season premiered on 6 April 2020. Seven did not renew the series for a ninth season at their annual upfronts in October 2020, however suggested the show may return in future.

In October 2021, during Seven’s annual upfronts, it was announced a spin-off series, titled Apartment Rules, would originally air in 2022, As of June 2025, the series never went into production.  In 2026, a new renovation show using the Rules branding, titled My Reno Rules was announced, with Chris Brown announced as host.
Cowboy Bob Ellis
Robert Al Ellis (March 15, 1929 – December 21, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He wrestled under the ring name, Cowboy Bob Ellis for over 20 years in various wrestling promotions in the States, Canada and Australia. He was a two-time WWA World Heavyweight Champion in Indianapolis. He is known as the inventor of the bulldog.

NWA Americas Tag Team Championship
The NWA Americas Tag Team Championship was a professional wrestling tag team title in the National Wrestling Alliance's NWA Hollywood Wrestling based out of Los Angeles, California.

The championship began as the WWA World Tag Team Championship for Worldwide Wrestling Associates in 1964. However, when WWA became an NWA affiliate on October 1, 1968, its name was changed to NWA Hollywood Wrestling and the title was renamed the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship in January 1969. The title served as the top tag team championship in the promotion until 1979 when it was relegated to serve as a secondary tag title since the company created its own regional version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship. The championship lasted until the promotion closed on December 26, 1982.
Irtysh Air
Irtysh-Air (Kazakh: АО Авиакомпания "Иртыш-Аир", romanized: AO Avıakompanııa "Irtysh-Aır") was an airline headquartered in Ekibastuz, Pavlodar Province, Kazakhstan. Despite the airline being based at Pavlodar Airport, it operated a domestic network within that country from its hub in Almaty International Airport. Irtysh-Air ceased operations in 2013.

Pavlodar Region
Pavlodar Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its population was 742,475 (2009 census results) and before that 806,983 (1999 census results). The latest official estimate (as at the start of 2022) was 756,511. Its capital is the city of Pavlodar, which had a population of 360,014 at the start of 2018. Many people, especially Ukrainians, migrated to Pavlodar during Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign.

The Bayanaul National Park, a protected area of the Kazakh Uplands, is located in the Bayanaul Range, within 100 km of Ekibastuz.
Canton of Jarnac
The canton of Jarnac is an administrative division of the Charente department, southwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Jarnac.

It consists of the following communes:

Jarnac
Jarnac (French pronunciation: [ʒaʁnak]; Occitan: [d͡ʒaɾˈnak]; Saintongese: Jharnat) is a commune in the Charente department, southwestern France. It is situated on the right (north) bank of the river Charente 20 km west of Angoulême, and about 10 km east of and Cognac.

It was the site of the Battle of Jarnac in 1569.

The region has long been associated with the production of cognac. The town is host to numerous smaller cognac producers as well as larger internationally known brands such as Courvoisier, Delamain and Thomas Hine & Co.

It is the birthplace and resting place of François Mitterrand, President of France from 1981 to 1995.
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Zía
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Zía was a Spanish Mission to the Zia Indians, established around 1610 by Franciscan missionaries accompanying Juan de Oñate. The church sustained severe damage in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680; after the reconquest of the territory by Diego de Vargas in 1692, the Franciscans returned and performed a mass baptism of the Zia. Reconstruction of the church began in 1706 under the supervision of Fray Juan Alvarez, and was completed in 1750 under Fray Manuel Bermejo.

The church building underwent several further renovations, including stuccoing in 1972 and 1998.  Its retablo is painted by the anonymous artist known as the "Laguna Santero".

Santo (art)
A santo ('saint') is a religious statue in the Catholic traditions of Spain and the former Spanish Empire.  They are usually made of wood or sometimes ivory and may be fitted with textile clothing.  They depict the Virgin Mary, Jesus, saints, or angels.  A santero (female: santera) is a craftsperson who makes the image. Some santos which have gained greater public devotion among the faithful have also merited papal approval through canonical coronations.  Santos remain a living tradition of religious iconography and folk art in Mexico, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and some other Caribbean islands, South and Central America, and the Southwestern United States, especially New Mexico.
Hasie Versfeld
Charles "Hasie" Versfeld (24 September 1866 – 6 January 1941) was a South African international rugby union player. Born in Wynberg, Cape Town, he was educated at Green Point Grammar School before playing provincial rugby for Western Province. Versfeld made his only appearance for South Africa in the 3rd Test of Great Britain's 1891 tour, he played on the wing. His brother, Oupa Versfeld, was also selected to play in the 3rd Test of the series, making the Versfelds the first brothers to represent South Africa. Versfeld died in 1941, in Cape Town, at the age of 74.

Test match (rugby union)
A test match in rugby union is an international match, usually played between two senior national teams, that is recognised as such by at least one of the teams' national governing bodies.

Some teams do not represent a single country but their international games are still considered test matches (for example the British and Irish Lions). Likewise some countries award caps for games between their full national teams and some invitation teams such as the Barbarians.
Gunnar Mueller
Folke Gunnar Mueller (born 5 January 1948) is a Swedish professional golfer, who formerly played on the European Tour and the Asian Golf Circuit. He was the first Swedish player to qualify for all four rounds in The Open Championship.

World Cup (men's golf)
The World Cup of Golf is a men's golf tournament contested by teams of two representing their country. Only one team is allowed from each country. The players are selected on the basis of the Official World Golf Ranking, although not all of the first choice players choose to compete. The equivalent event for women was the Women's World Cup of Golf, played from 2005 to 2008.
Mangart Saddle
Mangart Saddle or the Mangart Pass (Slovene: Mangartsko sedlo or Mangrtsko sedlo) is a mountain saddle in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia. It has an elevation of 2,072 metres (6,798 ft). It is the most common starting point for the ascent of Mt. Mangart (2,679 m or 8,789 ft). The Mangart Road (Mangartska cesta) that leads over Mangart Saddle, with its elevation of 2,055 m (6,742 ft), has a number of turns and is the highest-lying road in Slovenia. It was built in 1938. The Mangart Pass offers a picturesque  view towards the Log Koritnica Valley in Slovenia to the south and the Lakes of Fusine in Italy to the north. The Mangart Saddle Lodge (koča na Mangrtskem sedlu) lies under the saddle. The saddle was the scenery of the film Let's Go Our Own Way. Mangart Saddle is also known as the finding place of manganese nodules from the Early Jurassic period.

Fusine in Valromana
Fusine in Valromana (Slovene: Fužine or Bela Peč; German: Weißenfels; Friulian: Fusinis) is a frazione (fractional parish) of the comune of Tarvisio in the Province of Udine, in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy.
Lecithocera eretma
Lecithocera eretma is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Chun-Sheng Wu and You-Qiao Liu in 1993. It is found in Sichuan, China.

The wingspan is about 19 mm. The species resembles Lecithocera metacausta, but is larger.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Endiandra floydii
Endiandra floydii  is a small-sized rainforest tree. Despite its common name, Crystal Creek walnut, this tree is unrelated to northern-hemisphere walnuts, and is a laurel. It is named after the Australian botanist, Alexander Floyd.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Ed Jucker
Edwin Louis Jucker (July 8, 1916 – February 2, 2002) was an American basketball and baseball coach and college athletics administrator.  He served as the head basketball coach at the United States Merchant Marine Academy from 1945 to 1948, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) from 1948 to 1953, the University of Cincinnati from 1960 to 1965, and Rollins College from 1972 to 1977, compiling a career college basketball coaching record of 270–122.  He led the Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball program to consecutive national titles, winning the NCAA basketball tournament in 1961 and 1962.  Jucker was also the head coach of the Cincinnati Bearcats baseball team from 1954 to 1960 while serving as an assistant coach for the basketball team.  He spent two seasons coaching in the professional ranks, leading the Cincinnati Royals of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1967 to 1969.  Jucker served as the athletic director at Rollins College from 1981 to 1983.

Cincinnati Bearcats baseball
The Cincinnati Bearcats baseball team represents The University of Cincinnati in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's baseball competition.  The Bearcats currently compete in the Big 12 Conference.

The University of Cincinnati began varsity intercollegiate competition in baseball in 1886.  Former Bearcats who have gone on to success in Major League Baseball include Sandy Koufax and manager Miller Huggins, 3-time All-Star and 2-time World Series Champion Kevin Youkilis, and  2-time MLB All-Star Josh Harrison. Cincinnati plays home games on UC's campus at UC Baseball Stadium.

The 2023 baseball season marked the program's last season as a member of the AAC. In September 2021, Cincinnati, Houston, and UCF accepted bids to join the Big 12. On June 10, 2022 the American Athletic Conference and the three schools set to depart from the league (Cincinnati, Houston, UCF) announced that they had reached a buyout agreement that will allow those schools to join the Big 12 Conference in 2023.
Beach water polo at the 2023 World Beach Games
The Beach water polo tournaments at the 2023 World Beach Games, the first edition of the Games, will be held from 6 to 12 August 2023 in Bali, Indonesia and organised by the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC).

Two events will take place: the men's tournament and the women's tournament. A total of 24 teams will participate (12 in the men's competition and 12 in the women's). Both the men's and women's squads can consist of up to 7 players, meaning a total of 168 athletes are expected to take part.

Association of National Olympic Committees
The Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) is an international organization that affiliates the current 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Every two years, it gathers all its members at the ANOC General Assembly, in which the ANOC Awards are awarded to NOCs and their athletes since 2014. The association organises the ANOC World Beach Games, a multi-sport event held every two years.