hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nephelometer
A nephelometer or aerosol photometer is an instrument for measuring the concentration of suspended particulates in a liquid or gas colloid. A nephelometer measures suspended particulates by employing a light beam (source beam) and a light detector set to one side (often 90°) of the source beam. Particle density is then a function of the light reflected into the detector from the particles. To some extent, how much light reflects for a given density of particles is dependent upon properties of the particles such as their shape, color, and reflectivity. Nephelometers are calibrated to a known particulate, then use environmental factors (k-factors)  to compensate lighter or darker colored dusts accordingly. K-factor is determined by the user by running the nephelometer next to an air sampling pump and comparing results. There are a wide variety of research-grade nephelometers on the market as well as open source varieties.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Philippa Garety
Philippa Garety is Professor of Clinical Psychology and Clinical Director of the Psychosis Clinical Academic Group (CAG), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Garety specializes in the psychological understanding and treatment of psychosis and, in particular, delusions.

Garety is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society and received the Shapiro award in 2002. In 2008 Garety was selected as a Senior Investigator of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).

South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, is an NHS foundation Trust based in London, England, is one of the country’s largest and most complex multi-site providers of mental healthservices. It comprises four psychiatric hospitals (Bethlem Royal Hospital, Lambeth Hospital and the Maudsley Hospital), the Ladywell Unit based at University Hospital Lewisham, and over 100 community sites and 300 clinical teams. The Trust forms part of the institutions that make up King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre.

In its most recent inspection of the Trust, The Care Quality Centre (CQC) rated the Trust ‘Good’ overall following a full inspection
Sölvesborg Ladies Open
The Sölvesborg Ladies Open was a women's professional golf tournament on the Swedish Golf Tour played between 1995 and 2018. It was included on the LET Access Series from 2013 to 2016. It was always held at Sölvesborg Golf Club in Sölvesborg, Sweden, except in 2016 when it was hosted at nearby Elisefarm Golf Club in Hörby.

Hörby
Hörby (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhœ̂ːrbʏ]) is a locality and the seat of Hörby Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 15 631 inhabitants in 2019.

6 km (3.7 mi) south-east of the center of Hörby is at least since 1959 the location of a radio and TV transmitter. Short wave antennas have been dismantled there in 2011.
Ghana Medical Journal
The Ghana Medical Journal is a quarterly open-access peer-reviewed medical journal from Ghana. It is published by the Ghana Medical Association and the current editor-in-chief is David Ofori-Adjei. The journal is under the African Health Journals Partnership Project that is funded by the United States National Library of Medicine and the John E. Fogarty International Center. Full text of published articles are available on the journal's website and through African Journals OnLine and PubMed Central.

African Journals OnLine
African Journals OnLine (AJOL) is a South African non-profit organization with headquarters in Grahamstown. It is dedicated to improving the online visibility and access to the published scholarly research of African-based academics. By using the internet as a gateway, AJOL aims to enhance conditions for African learning as well as African development.
Kulamavu Saddle Dam (Right Bank)
Kulamavu Saddle Dam (RIght Bank) is an earthen dam constructed across Kilivallithodu at Arakkulam village in Idukki district, Kerala, India. It is one of the two saddle dams constructed to augment Idukki reservoir. The dam has a height of 27.43 metres (90.0 ft) and a length of 384.96 metres (1,263.0 ft). It is a rolled-earth-filled dam which has no spillways or river outlets.

Arakkulam
Arakkulam  is a village in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala.It is 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Thodupuzha which is the gateway to the high ranges of Kerala. Thodupuzha-Idukki road goes through this village.  Arakulam is enriched with the Moovattupuzha River, the tail end of the Moolamattom Hydro Electric Power station, and where the Malankara Dam is located.
Abdul Wahid Siddique
Abdul Wahid Siddiqui is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly Balochistan from August 2018 to August 2023. He was also the Chairman of Standing Committee For Education and has served as education minister of Balochistan.

Provincial Assembly of Balochistan
The Provincial Assembly of Balochistan is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Balochistan, and is located in Quetta, the provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan having a total of 65 seats, with 51 general seats, 11 seats reserved for women and 3 reserved for non-Muslims. 
The Assembly has 51 directly elected Members of the Provincial Assembly, representing constituencies from each district, as well as 11 seats reserved for women and 3 for non-Muslims.
2025 Dutch Open
The 2025 Dutch Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the Challenger tournament of this name, which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took for the first time place in Bunschoten, Netherlands between 14 and 20 July 2025, as previous editions had been played in Amersfoort.

Michael Geerts
Michael Geerts (born 17 January 1995) is a Belgian tennis player.
He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 212 achieved on 3 April 2023. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 162 achieved on 17 October 2022. Geerts competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour, where he has won one singles and five doubles titles.
Andre Townsend
Andre Townsend (born October 8, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for seven seasons with the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL).

Townsend was born in Chicago, Illinois. After a standout high school career for the Aberdeen, Mississippi High School Bulldogs, he played college football for the Ole Miss Rebels As a senior, he was honored by Football News as a third-team All-American.

Townsend was selected by the Broncos in the second round of the 1984 NFL draft. He spent his entire career with the Broncos, and started in Super Bowl XXI and Super Bowl XXII. He accumulated 22 career sacks and 6 fumble recoveries.

1984 NFL draft
The 1984 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held May 1–2, 1984, at the Omni Park Central Hotel in New York City, New York. No teams elected to claim any players in the regular supplemental draft that year. However, the NFL did have a special supplemental draft for college seniors who had already signed with the USFL or CFL on June 5, 1984.

The 1984 draft was the first in ten years in which a quarterback was not selected in the first round; the first quarterback selected in 1984 was Boomer Esiason, who was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round with the 38th overall pick. The New England Patriots used the first overall pick of the draft to select wide receiver Irving Fryar.
TeamBackpack
TeamBackpack is a music movement created in San Francisco by Armani Cooper, Dev Tejwani, and Nelson Silva. Since its early days, TeamBackpack has held cypher events in which underground & independent emcees rap a verse over originally produced beats, all in one take. With three to four people on a beat, these sessions are filmed live. Past cyphers featured artists such as Hopsin, Cyhi da Prynce, Joell Ortiz, Krizz Kaliko, Denzil Porter, Dizzy Wright and Rapsody.

On June 7, 2018, TeamBackPack, in conjunction with World Underground announced their inaugural World Underground Festival. The festival is scheduled for August 29 to 31, 2018.

Rapsody
Marlanna Evans (born January 21, 1983), better known by her stage name Rapsody, is an American rapper.  After signing with music producer 9th Wonder's music label It's a Wonderful World Music Group, she released a series of mixtapes and collaborated with Erykah Badu and Talib Kweli. Soon afterwards Rapsody released her debut album The Idea of Beautiful (2012). She would attain further prominence when she was featured on Kendrick Lamar's 2015 album To Pimp a Butterfly, on the track "Complexion (A Zulu Love)".

Her second album, Laila's Wisdom (2017), received critical acclaim and was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Album and Best Rap Song. Rapsody released her third studio album, Eve on August 23, 2019, to critical acclaim from music critics. In 2020, she was featured alongside Cordae, Chika, and Busta Rhymes, on the Stevie Wonder song "Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate". Rapsody released her fourth album, Please Don't Cry, on May 17, 2024.
2025 Berlin Tennis Open
The 2025 Berlin Tennis Open by Hylo was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in Berlin, Germany from 16 June to 22 June 2025. It was the 98th edition of the WTA German Open classed as a WTA 500 on the 2025 WTA Tour.

Eva Lys
Eva Lys (German pronunciation: [ˈeːfa ˈlyːs]; born 12 January 2002) is a Ukrainian-born German professional tennis player. Lys reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 39 on 5 January 2026. She has won 3 ITF singles titles.
Robiul Hoque
Robiul Hoque (born 4 January 1997) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Central Zone in the 2018–19 Bangladesh Cricket League on 21 November 2018. He made his List A debut on 15 March 2022, for Prime Bank Cricket Club in the 2021–22 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League.

Central Zone cricket team (Bangladesh)
The Central Zone cricket team or Walton Central Zone is a first-class cricket team that represents central Bangladesh – the Dhaka Division – in the Bangladesh Cricket League (BCL). It is a composite team of two Bangladeshi first-class teams from central Bangladesh: Dhaka Division and Dhaka Metropolis. Central Zone has won the BCL thrice, in the opening 2012–13 season, in the 2015–16 season and in the 9th edition of BCL played during the 2021–22, where they defeated BCB South Zone in the finals under the captaincy of Shuvagata Hom.
Edward Doorly
Catholicism portal

The Most Reverend Edward Doorly (23 November 1868 in County Roscommon – 5 April 1950), was an Irish Roman Catholic clergyman who served as the Bishop of Elphin from 1926 to 1950.

The national school in Forthill, Sligo was dedicated in honour of St. Edward as an expression of appreciation of the educational work of Bishop Doorly, the founder and first patron of the school.
 The school was for both boys and girls, though they were taught in separate classrooms until 1975. In 1994 the school kept its name but moved to Ballytivnan.

Doorly park in Sligo was also named after the Bishop Doorly. The park contains an arch in his honor.

In 1936, during the Spanish civil war, Doorly gave a passionate sermon in Sligo Cathedral describing the killing of priests in Spain. Following the sermon, 11 Sligo volunteers set off for Spain to fight for Franco.

County Roscommon
County Roscommon (Irish: Contae Ros Comáin) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the province of Connacht and the Northern and Western Region. It is the 11th largest Irish county by area and 26th most populous. Its county town and largest town is Roscommon. Roscommon County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,259 as of the 2022 census.
Autobares
Autobares (Greek: Αὐτοβάρης; from Old Persian Wata-para) was a Persian nobleman who flourished in the second half of the 4th century BC. He and his brother Mithrobaeus were enrolled into the Agema of the Hetairoi cavalry at Susa in 324 BC during the short-lived reign of Alexander the Great.

Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). Old Persian is close to both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit, and all three languages are highly inflected.

Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BCE to 300 BCE). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran,  Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt, with the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription (dated to 522 BCE).

In 2007, research into the vast Persepolis Administrative Archives at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago unearthed Old Persian tablets, which suggest Old Persian was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display.
Cornufer heffernani
Cornufer heffernani, sometimes known as the Solomon Island palm frog,  is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Solomon Islands archipelago where it can be found in at least Buka and Bougainville Islands of Papua New Guinea and Choiseul and Santa Isabel Islands of the Solomon Islands, but probably also more widely. The specific name heffernani honours Mr. N. S. Heffernan, who collected the type series.

Buka Island
Buka Island is the second-largest island in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, in eastern Papua New Guinea. It is in Buka Rural LLG of North Bougainville District, with the Autonomous Region's and district's capital city of Buka on the island.

The island is separated by the narrow Buka Passage from the northwestern coast of Bougainville Island, and has an area of approximately 500 km2 (190 sq mi). Buka, Bougainville Island and the Tabar Islands and their surrounding waters are identified as being part of the Solomon Archipelago terrestrial ecoregion and marine ecoregion.
Köprübaşı, Anamur
Köprübaşı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Anamur, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,290 (2022). It has almost merged to Çeltikçi, a town lying to the north east of Anamur.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
John Alexander Wilson (missionary)
John Alexander Wilson (15 June 1809 – 5 June 1887) was an Anglican missionary and a member of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) mission in New Zealand in the 19th century. He entered the Royal Navy in 1822 as a gentleman volunteer.  He participated in the capture of a pirate vessel in the Bay of Campeche off Mexico, and the rescue in 1824 by HMS Windsor Castle of John VI of Portugal out of the hands of a faction in the April Revolt. He married Anne Catherine Hawker in Jersey in 1828. Wilson retired from the Royal Navy and in 1832 he joined the CMS as a lay missionary.

April Revolt
The April Revolt (Portuguese: Abrilada) was an absolutist political revolt that took place in the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in April 1824. It succeeded the 1823 Vilafrancada and foreshadowed the Liberal Wars which raged from 1828 until 1834.
Kilbegnet Novice Chase
The Kilbegnet Novice Chase is a Grade 3 National Hunt novice steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged four years or older. 
It is run at Roscommon over a distance of about 2 miles and half a furlong (2 miles and 72 yards, or 3,284 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late September or early October.

The race was awarded Grade 3 status in 2007.

Novice (racehorse)
A novice in horse racing is an inexperienced racehorse which has not run in a certain number of races of a particular type, or not won in such races. The definition of a novice is determined by the horse racing authority in a particular country or area.
Sybra baculina
Sybra baculina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1866. It contains seven subspecies:

S. baculina baculina

S. baculina mimogeminata

S. baculina miyakoana

S. baculina musashinoi

S. baculina nipponensis

S. baculina omoro

S. baculina oshimana

Henry Walter Bates
Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825 – 16 February 1892) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. He was most famous for his expedition to the rainforests of the Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace, starting in 1848. Wallace returned in 1852, but lost his collection on the return voyage when his ship caught fire. When Bates arrived home in 1859 after a full eleven years, he had sent back over 14,712 species (mostly of insects) of which 8,000 were (according to Bates, but see Van Wyhe) new to science. Bates wrote up his findings in his best-known work, The Naturalist on the River Amazons (1863). Batesian mimicry is named in his honor.
Latrobe Armory
The Latrobe Armory was an historic National Guard armory that was located in Latrobe, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The structure was demolished in 2011.

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the population was 354,663. The county seat is Greensburg and the most populous community is Hempfield Township. It is named after Westmorland, a historic county of England. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
2009 Interwetten Austrian Open Kitzbühel
The 2009 Interwetten Austrian Open Kitzbühel is a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is the 29th edition of the tournament and was part of the World Tour 250 series of the 2009 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Tennis Stadium Kitzbühel in Kitzbühel Austria from 16 May until 23 May 2009. Unseeded Guillermo García López won the singles title.

Austrian Open Kitzbühel
The Generali Open Kitzbühel, sponsored by Generali and originally known as the Austrian International Championships (1894–1968), is an annual tennis tournament held in Kitzbühel, Austria. The event was part of the ATP World Series from the creation of ATP World Tour until 1998, International Series Gold from 1999 to 2008, and ATP World Tour 250 series in 2009. It was downgraded to the ATP Challenger Tour in 2010, replaced by the Open de Nice Côte d'Azur, before regaining top tour status in 2011 once again, as part of the ATP 250 series. The tournament has been held, since 1894, on clay courts and is the sixth oldest tennis tournament in the world.
Michele Cianciulli
Michele Cianciulli (1895–1965) was an Italian lawyer, historian, and philosopher.

Cianciulli,  born in Montella, was charged with the teaching of philosophy at the University La Sapienza in Rome.

He has written books in history and philosophy. The most well-known are the works on King Manfred of Sicily and on Brigantaggio.

Known for his moral integrity he executed the last wills for several important inheritances and was a known anti-fascist in the period 1922-1945.

He was the administrator responsible for the Grande Oriente di Italia in the 1950-1955. He was friends with and exchanged letters with the composer Nino Rota. He died in Rome in 1965.

Montella
Montella (Neapolitan: Monteddra) is an Italian town and comune (municipality) in the province of Avellino, Campania, with a population of 7,699. The zone was inhabited already in the Neolithic period. The town was founded by the Samnites in the 1st millennium BC, to become a municipality of the Roman Empire and a town under the Lombards.
Kursauli
Kursauli, also spelled Kursoli or Kursaoli, is a large village in Uttar Pradesh, India on the Lower Ganga Canal. 
It is about 3 km from Mandhana on the GT road, and about 7 km from IIT Kanpur along the path of the canal.  The road from Mandhana to Tikra village crosses the canal at a pool here. 
The population is 925 (503 males, 422 females, 2001 census).  It has a junior high and a primary school.

Mandhana, Kanpur
Mandhana is a town in the Kanpur district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, situated about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Kanpur on the Grand Trunk Road to Delhi. As of the 2011 Census of India, the town had 213 households with a population of 993 of which 504 were male and 489 female. It has a 60% literacy rate and is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Chobepur, its sister town. It also falls within the Kanpur metropolitan area. The language commonly spoken is Hindi with accent and tone of Kannauji. The IIT Kanpur is just 7 kilometres from Mandhana and also houses some of the successful alumnus of the institute. Mandhana is also known for private institutes like Maharana Pratap Engineering College and Rama University.
Loch Aline
Loch Aline (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Àlainn) is a small salt water loch home to fish, birds and game, located in Morvern, Lochaber, Scotland. Key features of interest are Kinlochaline Castle, Ardtornish Castle and the Ardtornish estate located at its head.

Lochaline, the main village in Morvern, sits on the north shore, at the mouth of the loch.

Loch
Loch (/lɒx/ LOKH) is a word meaning "lake" or "sea inlet" in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, subsequently borrowed into English. In Irish contexts, it often appears in the anglicized form "lough". A small loch is sometimes called a lochan. Lochs which connect to the sea may be called "sea lochs" or "sea loughs".