hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Czech Tour
The 2024 Czech Tour was a road cycling stage race between 25 and 28 July 2024 in the Czech Republic. The race was rated as a category 2.1 event on the 2024 UCI Europe Tour calendar, and was the 15th edition of the Czech Tour. The route spanned nearly 600 kilometers between four stages, and concluded at the event's traditional finish line in the cobbled historic district of Šternberk.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Skindergade 21
Skindergade 21 is a Neoclassical property situated on Skindergade, opposite Lille Kannikestræde, in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1964. Former residents include architect Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll, poet Henrik Hertz, painter Heinrich Hansen and politician Carl Theodor Zahle.

Skindergade
Skindergade is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Running roughly parallel to Strøget, to which it is connected through Jorcks Passage, it extends for approximately 400 metres from Gammeltorv to Købmagergade.
Kar chale hum fida
"Kar Chale Ham Fida" is a song written by Urdu poet Kaifi Azmi, which featured in the soundtrack of the 1964 Hindi film Haqeeqat. Music director Madan Mohan compiled the music and it was sung by Mohammad Rafi. In her memories of her life with her husband, Shaukat Kaifi recalled that the song "achieved the status of an anthem". It has been used in election campaigns in India.

This song also appears as a poem in a NCERT [India] Class 10 Textbook Sparsh

Shaukat Kaifi
Shaukat Kaifi (21 October 1926 – 22 November 2019), also credited as Shaukat Azmi, was an Indian theater and film actress. Her husband was the Urdu poet and film lyricist, Kaifi Azmi. The couple were leading lights of the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) and the Progressive Writers Association (IWA), which were the cultural platforms of the Communist Party of India.
Bernstein's problem
In differential geometry, Bernstein's problem is as follows: if the graph of a function on Rn−1 is a minimal surface in Rn, does this imply that the function is linear? 
This is true for n at most 8, but false for n at least 9.  The problem is named for Sergei Natanovich Bernstein who solved the case n = 3 in 1914.

European Mathematical Society
The European Mathematical Society (EMS) is a European organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in Europe. Its members are different mathematical societies in Europe, academic institutions and individual mathematicians. The current president is Jan Philip Solovej, professor at the Department of Mathematics at the University of Copenhagen.
Saurania
Saurania (Ancient Greek: Σαυρανία), or Sauronisena, or Saunaria (Σαυναρία), was a town of ancient Pontus, inhabited during Roman and Byzantine times. It was in the later province of Pontus Polemoniacus, and mentioned by Ptolemy.

Its site is tentatively located near Gölköy in Asiatic Turkey.

Gölköy
Gölköy is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 421 km2, and its population is 25,960 (2022). The town is located 60 km (37 mi) inland from the city of Ordu on the road to Sivas. The town lies at an elevation of 820 m (2,690 ft).

Places of interest include the Byzantine castle of Habsamana, and a number of places for walking and climbing including the village of Cihadiye and the lake of Ulugöl.
Manpo Chongnyon station
Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn station is a railway station in Manp'o municipal city, Chagang Province, North Korea, on the Manp'o Line of the Korean State Railway; it is also the starting point of the Pukbunaeryuk Line to Hyesan and of the Unha Line to Unha.

Hyesan Chongnyon station
Hyesan Ch'ŏngnyŏn station is the central railway station of Hyesan city, located in the Ch'un-dong neighbourhood of greater Hyesan city, Ryanggang province, North Korea. A large station with seven tracks, it is the junction point of the Korean State Railway's Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Pukbunaeryuk lines.
Family voting
Family voting is a form of electoral fraud, where family members enter a voting booth together and collude, discuss, or direct voting intentions. Family voting violates the individual voter sovereignty and secret ballot principles of free and fair elections, by enabling undue influence and coercion during the voting process. It can also occur during postal voting.

Research in Turkey in 2019 suggested that family voting had been under-reported there. In 2023, the United Kingdom passed the Ballot Secrecy Act to make it an offence for a person to "accompany an elector into a polling booth; or position near an elector inside a polling station with the intention of influencing how they cast their vote".

Free and fair election
A free and fair election is defined  as an election in which "coercion is comparatively uncommon". This definition was popularized by political scientist Robert Dahl. A free and fair election involves political freedoms and fair processes leading up to the vote, a fair count of eligible voters who cast a ballot, a lack of electoral fraud or voter suppression, and acceptance of election results by all parties. An election may partially meet international standards for free and fair elections, or may meet some standards but not others.
ITN World News
ITN World News is a news programme broadcast during the late 1980s and most of the 1990s. It was either shown on cable or satellite television, or shown internationally. The newscast was broadcast from London, England, and was produced by Independent Television News. A domestic national version was also shown in the United Kingdom on terrestrial television.

ITN World News began broadcasting on Super Channel, and aired on NBC Europe, Nine Network Australia, TVNZ, Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) stations and most of the ITV regions. The broadcast began in 1987, and has not been seen on British screens since 1999. The newscast was produced by ITN and broadcast from its studios in London.

WIN Television
WIN Television is an Australian television network owned and operated by WIN Corporation that is based in Wollongong, New South Wales. WIN commenced transmissions on 18 March 1962 as a single television station covering the Wollongong region. The WIN Network has since grown to cover much of regional Australia. The network's name, WIN, originates from its first station, Wollongong's WIN-4.

WIN has a programme supply agreement with metropolitan broadcaster Nine Network, covering its stations in Regional Queensland, Southern and Western New South Wales, Griffith, Regional Victoria, Mildura, Tasmania, Eastern South Australia, and Regional Western Australia. WIN also produces and broadcasts weeknight half-hour local news bulletins across its Queensland, southern New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania markets as WIN News.
Original Nuttah
"Original Nuttah" is a 1994 jungle song that was produced by Shy FX with lyrics and vocals by UK Apache. The track's lyrics were written by UK Apache in the late 1980s and were dubbed over a Shy FX track titled "Gangsta Kid". After receiving approval from his peers for his version, UK Apache contacted producer Shy FX and the head of Sour Records to record an official version. The track is one of the earliest in the genre to become a top 40 chart hit in the United Kingdom. In 2022, Rolling Stone included "Original Nuttah" in their list of the "200 Greatest Dance Songs of All Time".

Wax Poetics
Wax Poetics is a global music platform for music collectors, with its roots as a music magazine dedicated to vintage and contemporary jazz, funk, soul, Latin, hip-hop, reggae, blues, and R&B in the crate-digger tradition; the name of the magazine is itself an allusion to vinyl records. Its first incarnation was in regular circulation between 2001 and 2017.

Since the first issue of Wax Poetics was published in December 2001, the magazine expanded its operations to include apparel sales, a record label, and book publishing imprint.

In November 2008, Wax Poetics, Inc. unveiled Wax Poetics Japan.

In 2021, Wax Poetics was relaunched through a Kickstarter campaign, becoming a membership platform focused on long-form music journalism.
GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase
GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.78) is an enzyme with systematic name GDP:alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

GDP-alpha-D-glucose + phosphate  alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GDP

The enzyme may be involved in prevention of misincorporation of glucose in place of mannose residues into glycoconjugates.

Glycoconjugate
In molecular biology and biochemistry, glycoconjugates are a subfamily for carbohydrates where saccharides are covalently linked with proteins, peptides, lipids. Glycoconjugates are formed in processes termed glycosylation. Glycoconjugates  are involved in cell–cell interactions, including cell–cell recognition; in cell–matrix interactions; and in detoxification processes.

Although the important molecular species DNA, RNA, ATP, cAMP, cGMP, NADH, NADPH, and coenzyme A all contain a carbohydrate part, generally they are not considered as glycoconjugates.

Glycans can be found attached to proteins as in glycoproteins and proteoglycans. In general, they are found on the exterior surface of cells. O- and N-linked glycans are very common in eukaryotes but may also be found, although less commonly, in prokaryotes.
Palanan Airport
Palanan Airport is a community airport in the Philippines located in the Pacific coastal town of Palanan, Isabela. It is one of the two community airports in the province, the other being Maconacon Airport in the municipality of Maconacon.

Maconacon
Maconacon, officially the Municipality of Maconacon (Ibanag: Ili nat Maconacon; Ilocano: Ili ti Maconacon; Tagalog/Kasiguranin: Bayan ng Maconacon), is a municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 4,252 people making it the least populous municipality in the province.
Unicode input
Unicode input is a method to encode specific characters that are not directly available on a physical keyboard.  Characters can be entered either by selecting them from a display, by typing a certain sequence or a 'chord' of keys on a physical keyboard, or by drawing the symbol by hand on touch-sensitive screen. In contrast to ASCII's 96 element character set (which it contains), Unicode encodes hundreds of thousands of graphemes (characters) from almost all of the world's written languages as well as many other signs and symbols.

A comprehensive Unicode input system must provide for a large repertoire of characters, ideally all valid Unicode code points. This is different from a keyboard layout which defines keys and their combinations only for a limited number of characters appropriate for a certain locale. Nevertheless, the latter technique (particularly if an "extended" setting is used) is often adequate to satisfy the needs of most users, most of the time.

Windows code page
Windows code pages are sets of characters or code pages (known as character encodings in other operating systems) used in Microsoft Windows from the 1980s and 1990s. Windows code pages were gradually superseded when Unicode was implemented in Windows, although they are still supported both within Windows and other platforms, and still apply when Alt code shortcuts are used.

Current Windows versions support Unicode, new Windows applications should use Unicode (UTF-8) and not 8-bit character encodings.

There are two groups of system code pages in Windows systems: OEM and Windows-native ("ANSI") code pages.
(ANSI is the American National Standards Institute.) Code pages in both of these groups are extended ASCII code pages. Additional code pages are supported by standard Windows conversion routines, but not used as either type of system code page.
Foundation of the Communist Party of India
The Communist Party of India is one of the oldest political parties in India. However within the Indian communist movement, there is a controversy on what date to consider as the foundation date of the party. The early history of the Indian communist movement was tumultuous and complicated. An Indian communist group emerged in Tashkent in 1920, led by M. N. Roy. From 1921 onward small local communist groups began to emerge inside India. A national communist conference was held in Kanpur in 1925. The efforts to build a Communist Party organization inside India were hampered by arrests and court cases against leading party members.

Following the party split in 1964 the two main entities of the Indian communist movement, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) and the contemporary CPI would interpret the early party history differently. The CPI(M) maintains the party was founded in Tashkent in October 1920 whilst CPI argues that the party was founded in Kanpur in December 1925.

Satya Bhakta
Satyabhakta (Hindi: सत्यभक्त) (2 April 1897 – 3 December 1985), was one of the founders of the Communist Party of India 25–28 December 1925 at Kanpur (then spelled Cawnpore). Satyabhakta was however indifferent to the traditional ideas of communism. He may also be referred to as a proponent of the Hindu left in India.  His quote "the basic purpose of communism is to establish Ram Rajya on Earth" is a partial summary of his ideology.
1948 Salta earthquake
The 1948 Salta earthquake took place in the Argentinian province of Salta on 25 August at 03:09:28 local time The shock was 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (Violent). Property damage and casualties occurred in several towns in the east and southeast of Salta, and also in northern Tucumán and Jujuy, affecting the capitals of both. It was the last major earthquake recorded in the Argentine Northwest until the 2010 Salta earthquake.

Tucumán Province
Tucumán (Spanish pronunciation: [tukuˈman]) is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neighboring provinces are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.
Jian dui
Jiandui or sesame balls are a type of fried Chinese pastry made from glutinous rice flour. The pastry is coated with sesame seeds on the outside and is crisp and chewy after immediately being cooked. Inside the pastry is a large hollow, caused by the expansion of the dough. The hollow of the pastry is filled with a filling usually consisting of lotus paste, or alternatively, sweet black bean paste, or red bean paste.

Depending on the region and cultural area, jiandui are known as matuan (麻糰) in North and Northwest China, mayuan (麻圆) in Northeast China, and zhendai (珍袋) in Hainan.

Black bean paste
Black bean paste, commonly called in Mandarin as 豆沙 (pinyin: dòushā) or 黑豆沙 (pinyin: hēidòushā), and in Hokkien as 豆沙 (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu-sa / tāu-se) or 烏豆沙 (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘-tāu-sa / o͘-tāu-se), is a sweet bean paste often used as a filling in cakes such as mooncakes or 豆沙包 (pinyin: dòushābāo) in many Chinese and Taiwanese cuisines.

Black bean paste is made from pulverized mung beans, combined with potassium chlorate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (皂礬; zàofán), crystal (which in Indonesian is known as tawas hijau, or "green crystal"), or black food colouring.

Black bean paste is similar to the more well-known red bean paste. The recorded history of black bean paste goes as far back as the Ming Dynasty.
Mary Julia Young
Mary Julia Young (fl. 1775–1810) was a prolific novelist, poet, translator, and biographer, active in the Romantic period, who published the bulk of her works with market-driven publishers James Fletcher Hughes and William Lane of the Minerva Press. She is of particular interest as an example of a professional woman writer in "a market of mass novel production."

Minerva Press
Minerva Press was a publishing house, notable for creating a lucrative market in sentimental and Gothic fiction, active in the late 18th and early 19th centuries (1790–1820). It was established by William Lane (c. 1745–1814) at No 33 Leadenhall Street, London, when he moved his circulating library there in about 1790.
Morph (video game)
Morph (also known as Super Morph on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System release) is a 1993 Super NES, Amiga and Amiga CD32 puzzle video game released by Millennium Interactive. The game's plot is of a child who is given a temporary ability to change between states of solid, liquid, or gas coming in the forms of a cannonball, a rubber ball, a water droplet, and a cloud. The player must go through over 36 challenging levels set in four different zones collecting special cogs from each level in order to fix a machine capable of turning him back into a normal boy.

Guerrilla Cambridge
Guerrilla Cambridge (formerly SCEE Cambridge Studio and Cambridge Studio) was a British video game developer based in Cambridge, England. The studio was founded under Sony Computer Entertainment in July 1997 through the buyout of the game development division of CyberLife Technology. In 2010, SCEE Cambridge Studio was restructured as a sister studio to Guerrilla Games under the name Guerrilla Cambridge and shut down in 2017. The studio is best known for developing the MediEvil series.
Pariceract
Pariceract (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name BIA 28-6156 or LTI-291) is a β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activator or positive allosteric modulator which is under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is taken orally. GCase is a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the gene GBA1. Loss-of-function mutations in this gene are thought to promote α-synuclein accumulation and are among the leading genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease. As such, activation of GCase might provide a disease-modifying therapy for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Pariceract was first described in the scientific literature by 2017. It was originated by Lysosomal Therapeutics and is under development by Lysosomal Therapeutics and Bial. As of October 2025, it is in phase 2 clinical trials.

Enzyme activator
Enzyme activators are molecules that bind to enzymes and increase their activity. They are the opposite of enzyme inhibitors. These molecules are often involved in the allosteric regulation of enzymes in the control of metabolism. 
In some cases, when a substrate binds to one catalytic subunit of an enzyme, this can trigger an increase in the substrate affinity as well as catalytic activity in the enzyme's other subunits, and thus the substrate acts as an activator.
2012 Minnesota Senate election
The 2012 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 6, 2012, to elect members to the Senate of the 88th and 89th Minnesota Legislatures. A primary election was held in several districts on August 14, 2012.

The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) won a majority of seats, defeating the majority of the Republican Party of Minnesota.

The new Legislature convened on January 8, 2013.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
August Brunetti-Pisano
August Brunetti-Pisano (24 October 1870 - 1 September 1943), was an Austrian composer.

Brunetti-Pisano was born in St. Gilgen.  He was Georg Trakl's piano teacher. He was for a long time the president of the "Kunstgesellschaft Pan" (Society of Arts Pan) in Salzburg. In 1926 the "Brunetti-Gesellschaft" (Brunetti Society) was founded in Vienna.

As a Late Romantic he struggled all his life for recognition, but with little success. Since 2005 he has been rediscovered, especially in Salzburg, where he died.

Romantic music
Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism—the intellectual, artistic, and literary movement that became prominent in Western culture from about 1798 until 1837.

Romantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic, and often programmatic; reflecting broader trends within the movements of Romantic literature, poetry, art, and philosophy. Romantic music was often ostensibly inspired by (or else sought to evoke) non-musical stimuli, such as nature, literature, poetry, super-natural elements, or the fine arts. It included features such as increased chromaticism and moved away from traditional forms.
Novoye, Amur Oblast
Novoye (Russian: Новое) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novinsky Selsoviet of Belogorsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 398 as of 2018. There are 12 streets.

Belogorsky District
Belogorsky District  (Russian: Белого́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 2,591 square kilometers (1,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Belogorsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 20,052 (2010 Census); 23,848 (2002 Census); 28,648 (1989 Soviet census).
Ubaghsicystis
Ubaghsicystis is a genus of eocrinoid known from a single specimen each from the Barrios de Luna shales of Spain, the Burgess Shale of British Columbia,, and the Tarhoucht Member of the Jbel Wawrmast Formation of Morocco, all from the Wuliuan (Stage 5) of the Middle Cambrian.

Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. At 508 million years old (middle Cambrian), it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints.

The rock unit is a black shale and crops out at several localities near the town of Field in Yoho National Park and the Kicking Horse Pass. Another outcrop is in Kootenay National Park 42 km to the south.
Osmylidae
Osmylidae are a small family of winged insects of the net-winged insect order Neuroptera. The osmylids, also called lance lacewings, stream lacewings or giant lacewings, are found all over the world except North and Central America. There are around 225 extant species.

Itat Formation
The Itat Formation (Russian: итатская свита) is a geologic formation in western Siberia. It was deposited in the Bajocian to Bathonian ages of the Middle Jurassic. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, including the proceratosaurid Kileskus, as well as fish, amphibians, mammals and many other vertebrates. The formation is noted for bearing significant coal reserves, with large open pit coal mines extracting lignite from the unit currently in operation.