hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Józef Mikołaj Radziwiłł
Prince Józef Mikołaj Radziwiłł  (Lithuanian: Juzefas Mikalojus Radvila; 13 November 1736–1813) was a Polish–Lithuanian noble (szlachcic).

The 8th Ordynat of Kleck, Grand Clerk of Lithuania since 1764, voivode of Minsk Voivodeship since 1773, castellan of Trakai since 1784, voivode of Trakai Voivodeship since 1788 and Knight of Malta.

Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1777.

Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
This article discusses the organizational and administrative structure of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a confederative mixed monarchy of the period 1569–1795, comprising the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and their fiefs. The Commonwealth was governed by the Parliament (Sejm) consisting of the King, the King-appointed Senate (Voivodes, Castellans, Ministers, Bishops) and the rest of hereditary nobility either in person or through the Sejm proper (consisting of deputies representing their lands). The nobility's constitutional domination of the state made the King very weak and the commoners (burgesses and peasants) almost entirely unrepresented in the Commonwealth's political system.
Pär Djoos
Per Olov Johan Djoos (born May 11, 1968) is a Swedish former ice hockey defenceman who played for the Detroit Red Wings and the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League between 1990 and 1993. He most recently played in the Elitserien for Brynäs IF. He is currently coaching IF Sundsvall in the Swedish Allsvenskan. He is the father of former Detroit Red Wings defenseman Christian Djoos.

Djoos was drafted in the 7th round (127th overall) by Detroit in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft.

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.
Frantic Romantic
Frantic Romantic is the second album by American R&B singer Jermaine Stewart, released in 1986.  The album includes Stewart's biggest pop hit, "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off", as well as the minor follow-up hit, "Jody", for whom Stewart's former Soul Train dance-mate Jody Watley was the inspiration. The album was re-issued on CD on October 18, 2010 by Cherry Red in the UK.

Walter Afanasieff
Walter Afanasieff (born Vladimir Nikitich Afanasiev; Russian: Владимир Никитич Афанасьев, February 10, 1958), formerly nicknamed Baby Love in the 1980s, is an American record producer and songwriter. He was a frequent collaborator of Mariah Carey on her first six studio albums. Afanasieff and Carey co-wrote many songs together, including the number-one singles "Hero", "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "One Sweet Day", and "My All". He won the 1999 Grammy Award in the Record of the Year category for producing "My Heart Will Go On" by Celine Dion, and the 2000 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical.
Jerusalem, Arkansas
Jerusalem is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Conway County, Arkansas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 137. Jerusalem is located on Arkansas Highway 124, 18 miles (29 km) north-northwest of Morrilton. Jerusalem has a post office with ZIP code 72080.

Arkansas Highway 124
Arkansas Highway 124 is a designation for two state highways in Central Arkansas. The western segment of 72.17 miles (116.15 km) runs from Russellville to Rose Bud. An eastern segment of 9.17 miles (14.76 km) runs east in White County from Pangburn to Highway 157.
John Flittie
John Flittie (March 22, 1856 – January 21, 1913) was a U.S. politician who served as North Dakota's first Secretary of State from 1889 to 1892.

Johan Flittie was born in Lesja Municipality in Oppland, Norway. He was the son of Johannes Throndson Flittie and  Anna Johannesdotter Flittie. His family emigrated to North America in 1867, settling in Watonwan County, Minnesota. He graduated from Mankato Normal School (now Minnesota State University, Mankato) in 1878 and moved to Dakota Territory soon after. He was a member of the Dakota Territorial Council (the upper house of the territorial legislature) in 1885–1886, and won election as a Republican to the newly created office of Secretary of State in 1889. After serving an abbreviated 1-year term, he was re-elected to a full 2-year term in 1890. He did not seek re-election in 1892. He died in Williston, North Dakota.

Oppland
Oppland [ˈɔ̂plɑn] ⓘ is a former county in Norway which existed from 1781 until its dissolution on 1 January 2020. The old Oppland county bordered the counties of Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. The county administration was located in the town of Lillehammer.
Albino Morales
Albino Morales Pérez (30 May 1940 – 11 March 2020) was a Mexican professional footballer.

Born in Mexico City, Morales played club football with Toluca, América and Guadalajara. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, where the Mexico national football team placed fourth. He also competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

On 11 March 2020, he died in Toluca.

Deportivo Toluca F.C.
Deportivo Toluca Fútbol Club S.A. de C.V., simplified as Toluca FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Toluca, State of Mexico. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Nemesio Díez. Founded in 1917 as Club Deportivo Toluca, it is one of seven Mexican clubs that have never been relegated.

Domestically, Toluca FC is one of the most successful Mexican clubs, winning 12 Liga MX titles, two Copa MX titles and 5 Campeón de Campeones. Internationally, it has won two CONCACAF Champions Cup titles and also finished as runners-up in the 1969 Copa Interamericana. Subregionally, it has won one Campeones Cup.

The club's top goalscorer is José Saturnino Cardozo, who played from 1995 to 2005 and scored 249 goals in 332 appearances.
Christians for Fair Witness on the Middle East
Christians for Fair Witness on the Middle East is a Christian organization working to correct bias against Israel in the North American Christian community.

National Director Sr. Ruth Lautt, OP, Esq., told a reporter that she believes that the "one-sided, unbalanced approach" on the Middle East taken by many mainline churches is the result of "shallow understanding" of the Arab-Israel conflict. In 2008, Fair Witness worked with members of the United Methodist Church to stop the denomination from divesting from its investments in Israeli companies.

Disinvestment from Israel
Disinvestment from Israel is a campaign that aims to use disinvestment to pressure the government of Israel to put "an end to the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories captured during the 1967 military campaign." The disinvestment campaign is related to other economic and political boycotts of Israel.

A notable campaign was initiated in 2002 and endorsed by South Africa's Desmond Tutu. Tutu said that the campaign against Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories and its continued settlement expansion should be modeled on the successful historical disinvestment campaign against South Africa's apartheid system.

There have been renewed calls for disinvestment from Israel in 2024 as pro-Palestine protests in the United States have increased nationwide there, especially on college campuses.
Sun Lutang
Sun Lutang (1860-1933) was a master of Chinese neijia (internal) martial arts and was the progenitor of the syncretic art of Sun-style tai chi. He was also considered an accomplished Neo-Confucian and Taoist scholar (especially of the I Ching), and was a distinguished contributor to the theory of internal martial arts through his many published works.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
Mercedes-Benz M133 engine
The M133 is a turbocharged inline-four engine produced by Mercedes-Benz. Since its debut in 2013, it has been awarded International Engine of the Year three times in the "Best New Engine" and "1.8-litre to 2-litre" categories.

International Engine of the Year
The International Engine of the Year was an annual competition for automotive industry internal combustion engines and electric motors, judged by a panel of automobile journalists from around the world.  It is organised by UKi Media & Events' Automotive Magazines.  The competition was started in 1999. The last competition was held in 2019. The 2020 competition was initially delayed due to COVID-19 and was never scheduled.

The award is determined by the panellists using "subjective driving impressions and technical knowledge, and took into account characteristics such as fuel economy, noise, smoothness, performance and driveability".
Jomon Kuriakose
Jomon Kuriakose, also known as Chef Jomon, is the  
Director of Culinary at The Tiffin Box a chain of international restaurants since April 2024. He was previously the Executive Chef at LaLiT London, England making him one of the youngest executive chefs in London. and before that Chef de Cusine at LaLiT London. senior Chef de Partie and then Sous-chef under Vivek Singh (chef) at the Cinnamon Collections in London. He has also participated in MasterChef (British TV series) 2018 where he trained Spencer Matthews and Frankie Bridge.

He was a competitor on  the National Chef of the Year, 2021 and also writes regularly for Malayala Manorama Online.

Sous-chef
A sous chef is a chef who is second-in-command of a kitchen, ranking directly below the head chef in the Kitchen Brigade system developed by Auguste Escoffier. In large kitchens, sous-chefs are typically left in charge of managing members of the kitchen on behalf of the head chef, who may often be preoccupied with other tasks such as purchasing, staffing or developing dishes.
Van der Laan & Woe
Van der Laan & Woe is a Dutch cabaret duo, consisting of Niels van der Laan and Jeroen Woe. They are best known for their collaboration on the satirical program De Kwis and their satirical current affairs program Even tot hier.

News satire
News satire or news comedy is a type of parody presented in a format typical of mainstream journalism, and called a satire because of its content. News satire has been around almost as long as journalism itself, but it is particularly popular on the web, with websites like The Onion and The Babylon Bee, where it is relatively easy to mimic a legitimate news site. News satire relies heavily on irony and deadpan humor.

Two slightly different types of news satire exist. One form uses satirical commentary and sketch comedy to comment on real-world events, while the other presents wholly fictionalized news stories.
Tarantola
Tarantola is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Tarantola (1949–2009), Spanish-born physicist

Anna Maria Tarantola (born 1945), Italian manager, former director of the Bank of Italy and former President of Rai

Daniel Tarantola (born 1949)

Laura Tarantola (born 1994), French rower

Vinnie Tarantola, American gasser drag racer

Albert Tarantola
Albert Tarantola (June 15, 1949 – December 6, 2009), was a Spanish-born physicist of the University of Paris and the Institut de Physique du Globe (IPGP), and author of the book Probabilistic Formulation of Inverse Problems (Tarantola, 1987, 2005). Tarantola was the leader of the Geophysical Tomography Group, that during the years 1985—2000 developed methods for the interpretation of seismic waveform data. Beyond just this field, he is widely credited with popularizing the idea that inverse problems can be interpreted in a statistical sense, yielding the Bayesian perspective of inverse problems. Apart from his scientific research, Tarantola taught both at IPGP and at other universities.

In 2018, he was given the Maurice Ewing Medal of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, its highest award.
Hari Strait
The Hari Strait (Estonian: Hari kurk) is a strait in Estonia, located between Hiiumaa and Vormsi; this strait is part of Väinameri.

The strait's width is 10 to 13 km, and its depth mostly some meters.

Several islets are located in the strait, including Hellamaa rahu and Kadakalaid.

Strait
A strait is a water body connecting two seas or water basins. The surface water is, for the most part, at the same elevation on both sides and can flow through the strait in either direction, although the topography generally constricts the flow somewhat. In some straits, there is a dominant directional current. Most commonly, the strait is a narrow channel that lies between two land masses. Straits are loci for sediment accumulation, with sand-sized deposits usually occurring on the two strait exits, forming subaqueous fans or deltas. Some straits are not navigable because they are too narrow, too shallow, or due to the presence of a reef or archipelago.
Shozo Ishihara
Shozo Ishihara (Japanese: 石原省三; 10 August 1910 – 19 July 1993) was a Japanese speed skater who competed in the 1932 and 1936 Winter Olympics.

He was born in the Tochigi Prefecture.

In 1932 he participated in the 500 metres competition, in the 1500 metres event, in the 5000 metres competition, and in the 10000 metres event, but was eliminated in the heats in all four contests.

Four years later he finished fourth in the 500 metres competition and 19th in the 1500 metres event.

Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres
The 5000 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on Thursday, February 4, 1932. Eighteen speed skaters from six nations competed. Like all other speed skating events at this Olympics the competition was held for the only time in pack-style format, having all competitors skate at the same time.
Welsh Golf Classic
The Welsh Golf Classic was a men's professional golf tournament on the European Tour, that was held annually in Wales from 1979 to 1982. The inaugural event was held at Wenvoe Castle Golf Club near Cardiff, with the other three stagings taking place at Royal Porthcawl Golf Club in Mid Glamorgan.

The most notable winner was future two-time major championship winner Sandy Lyle.

In its final year, the prize fund was £50,000, which was one of the smaller purses on the tour that year.

Sandy Lyle
Alexander Walter Barr "Sandy" Lyle OBE (born 9 February 1958) is a Scottish professional golfer. He has won two major championships during his career. Along with Nick Faldo and Ian Woosnam, he became one of Britain's top golfers during the 1980s. He spent 167 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking from its introduction, in 1986, until 1989.
Sphodanam
Sphodanam (transl. Explosion) is a 1981 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by P. G. Viswambharan, starring Sukumaran, M. G. Soman,  Mammootty, Ravikumar and Seema. The role of Sukumaran was initially intended for Jayan. However, he died before production began.

M. G. Soman
M. G. Soman (28 October 1941 – 12 December 1997) was an Indian actor and former Indian Air Force officer who appeared in Malayalam films. He was among the actors who played leading roles in Malayalam cinema during the late 1970s and early 1980s. He also had some Tamil films to his credit, including Aval Oru Thodar Kathai. However, in the late 1980s and 1990s, he switched to character and villainous roles.
Allison Guard Station
The Allison Guard Station is a Forest Service compound consisting of eight rustic buildings located in the Malheur National Forest in the Ochoco Mountains of eastern Oregon.  It was originally built as a district ranger station for the Snow Mountain Ranger District.  It was later converted to a summer guard station.  Today, it is an active Forest Service guard station with a crew of twelve fire fighters on station during the summer fire season.  The station's oldest building, the Donnelly Cabin, is currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the "Allison Ranger Station".  Most of the other buildings at the Allison Guard Station are eligible for historic designation, but are not yet listed on the National Register.

Ochoco Mountains
The Ochoco Mountains are a mountain range in central Oregon in the United States, located at the western end of the Blue Mountains.  They were formed when Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic rocks were slowly uplifted by volcanic eruptions to form the Clarno Formation.  Today, the highest point in the range is Lookout Mountain.  The dominant vegetation on the west side of the range is old-growth ponderosa pine; on the east side, western juniper is common.  The western area of the mountains is administered by the Ochoco National Forest, while the southeastern section is part of the Malheur National Forest.  The Ochoco Mountains draw visitors for hiking, camping, bird watching, rockhounding, and hunting, as well as cross-country skiing in the winter.
Pichaikaranpallam Canal
Pichaikaranpallam Canal is a canal that runs in Erode, Tamil Nadu. It is one of the tributary to River Kaveri. The canal gets sourced by the rain water through rivulets and the seepage water from LBP Canal near Nasiyanur, which further flows into Ellapalayam Tank. The canal runs a length of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) through Ellapalayam, Villarasampatti, Periyasemur, BP Agraharam and passes under the Kalingarayan Canal with the help of an Aqueduct to reach River Kaveri.

Brahmana Periya Agraharam
Brahmana Periya-Agraharam is a neighborhood in the city of Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. It functioned as an independent Village Panchayat until the corporation expansion in 2011. It is now a part of Erode Municipal Corporation. It is located 7 km from Erode Junction and 4 km from Central Bus Terminus, Erode.
Philip Sawyers
Philip Sawyers (born 20 June 1951) is a British composer of orchestral and chamber music, including six symphonies.

Sawyers was born in London. He began composing as a teenager, studying at Dartington College of Arts in Devon with Colin Sauer (violin) and Helen Glatz (composition), and then at the Guildhall School of Music where his teachers were Joan Spencer and Max Rostal (violin), and Buxton Orr, Patric Standford and Edmund Rubbra (composition).

From 1973 Sawyers worked as an orchestral violinist with the Royal Opera House Orchestra, Covent Garden. He was a violin coach for the Kent County Youth Orchestra, and a visiting teacher at schools and colleges. In 1997 he spent a year in postgraduate study at Goldsmiths College. From 2000-2013 he was an examiner for the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music.

ABRSM
The ABRSM (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music) is an examination board and registered charity based in the United Kingdom. ABRSM is one of five examination boards accredited by Ofqual to award graded exams and diploma qualifications in music within the UK's National Qualifications Framework (along with the London College of Music, RSL Awards (Rockschool Ltd), Trinity College London, and the Music Teachers' Board). 'The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music' was established in 1889 and rebranded as ABRSM in 2009. The clarifying strapline "the exam board of the Royal Schools of Music" was introduced in 2012.

More than 600,000 candidates take ABRSM exams each year in over 90 countries. ABRSM also provides a publishing house for music which produces syllabus booklets, sheet music and exam papers and runs professional development courses and seminars for teachers.

ABRSM is one of the UK's 200 largest charitable organisations ranked by annual expenditure.
Laverne Hanover
Laverne Hanover (foaled 1966 in Pennsylvania) was a brown Standardbred horse whose wins included the 1969 Little Brown Jug, the most important race for three-year-old pacers, and the 1970 American Pacing Classic at Hollywood Park Racetrack.

Laverne Hanover was retired to stud at the end of the 1971 race season having won 61 of his 98 career starts. He had limited success as a sire.

Little Brown Jug (horse race)
The Little Brown Jug is a harness race for three-year-old pacing standardbred horses hosted by the Delaware County Agricultural Society since 1946 at the Delaware County Fairgrounds racetrack in Delaware, Ohio. The race takes place every year on the third Thursday after Labor Day.

Along with the Hambletonian, a race for trotters, it is one of the two most coveted races for standardbreds. The event is named after Little Brown Jug, a pacer, who won nine consecutive races and became a USTA Hall of Fame Immortal in 1975.

The race is the counterpart to the Jugette for three-year-old fillies.
Chess puzzle
A chess puzzle is a puzzle in which knowledge of the pieces and rules of chess is used to logically solve a chess-related problem. The history of chess puzzles reaches back to the Middle Ages and has since evolved.

Usually the goal is to find the single best, ideally aesthetic move or a series of single best moves in a chess position, that was created by a composer or is from a real game. But puzzles can also set different objectives. Examples include deducing the last move played, the location of a missing piece, or whether a player has lost the right to castle. Sometimes the objective is antithetical to normal chess, such as helping (or even compelling) the opponent to checkmate one's own king.

Checkmate
Checkmate (often shortened to mate) is any game position in chess and other chess-like games in which a player's king is in check (threatened with capture) and there is no possible escape. Checkmating the opponent wins the game.

In chess, the king is never actually captured. The player loses as soon as their king is checkmated. In formal games, it is usually considered good etiquette to resign an inevitably lost game before being checkmated.

If a player is not in check but has no legal moves, then it is stalemate, and the game immediately ends in a draw. A checkmating move is recorded in algebraic notation using the hash symbol "#", for example: 34.Qg3#.
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy of stereoisomers
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) can distinguish between enantiomers by showing a distinct Cotton effect for each isomer.  UV–vis spectroscopy sees only chromophores, so other molecules must be prepared for analysis by chemical addition of a chromophore such as anthracene.  Two methods are reported: the octant rule and the exciton chirality method.

The octant rule was introduced in 1961 by  William Moffitt, R. B. Woodward, A. Moscowitz, William Klyne and Carl Djerassi. This empirical rule allows the prediction of the sign of the Cotton effect by analysing relative orientation of substituents in three dimensions and in this way the absolute configuration of an enantiomer.

Cotton effect
The Cotton effect in physics, is the characteristic change in optical rotatory dispersion and/or circular dichroism in the vicinity of an absorption band of a substance.
In a wavelength region where the light is absorbed, the absolute magnitude of the optical rotation at first varies rapidly with wavelength, crosses zero at absorption maxima and then again varies rapidly with wavelength but in the opposite direction. This phenomenon was discovered in 1895 by the French physicist Aimé Cotton (1869–1951).

The Cotton effect is called positive if the optical rotation first increases as the wavelength decreases (as first observed by Cotton), and negative if the rotation first decreases.
A protein structure such as a beta sheet shows a negative Cotton effect.