hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Williams (born 1736)
John Williams (born 1736) was an English politician. He was MP for Saltash in 1772.

He was the son of John and Sarah Williams, of Nevis, and was baptised on 21 November 1736. He is recorded as being a resident of Brook Street, London, and as having married Charlotte Mary Thornhill on 9 October 1766. He stood for the constituency of Saltash in May 1772, defeating Thomas Bradshaw, who contested the result. Horace Walpole wrote that Williams was a "West Indian", who had been elected by bribery. He held the seat for only two months, before Bradshaw's petition against him succeeded. During this time he spoke twice in the Commons, once to assert his readiness to submit the election to an investigation, and again to speak on the subject of African trade.

A John Williams unsuccessfully contested the seat of Fowey in 1768, and Poole in 1774, though this may have been a different person.

Horace Walpole
Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford (/ˈwɔːlpoʊl/; 24 September 1717 – 2 March 1797), better known as Horace Walpole, was an English Whig politician, writer, historian and antiquarian.

He had Strawberry Hill House built in Twickenham, southwest London, reviving the Gothic style some decades before his Victorian successors. His literary reputation rests on the first Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764), and his Letters, which are of significant social and political interest. They have been published by Yale University Press in 48 volumes. In 2017, a volume of Walpole's selected letters was published.

The youngest son of the first British prime minister, Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, he became the 4th and last Earl of Orford of the second creation on his nephew's death in 1791.
Mount Orne Covered Bridge
The Mount Orne Bridge is a covered bridge over the Connecticut River between Lancaster, New Hampshire, and Lunenburg, Vermont. It joins Elm Street (New Hampshire Route 135) in South Lancaster with River Road (Town Highway 1) in Lunenburg. Built in 1911, it is one of two Howe truss bridges across the Connecticut River. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

New Hampshire Route 135
New Hampshire Route 135 (abbreviated NH 135) is a 46.677-mile-long (75.119 km) north–south state highway in New Hampshire. The highway runs along the Connecticut River from Woodsville in the town of Haverhill to Lancaster.

The southern terminus of NH 135 is at New Hampshire Route 10 in Woodsville. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 2 and U.S. Route 3 in Lancaster.
Jason Alchin
Jason Andrew Alchin (born 17 March 1967) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who primarily played as a halfback.  He played for Canterbury-Bankstown, St. George and Western Suburbs in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.

He is currently the coach of the Western Clydesdales in the Queensland Cup competition.

Balmain Tigers
The Balmain Tigers (also known as the Sydney Tigers from 1995 to 1996) are a rugby league club based in the inner-western Sydney suburb of Balmain. They were a founding member of the New South Wales Rugby League and one of the most successful in the history of the premiership, with eleven titles. In 1999 they formed a joint venture club with the Western Suburbs Magpies club to form the Wests Tigers for competition in the National Rugby League (NRL). They no longer field any senior teams in the lower divisions. At the time of the joint venture only South Sydney Rabbitohs and the St George Dragons had won more titles than the Tigers.

The club's home grounds are at present Leichhardt Oval, in Lilyfield, and T.G Milner Sportsground, in Marsfield.
Luv Ka The End
Luv Ka The End (transl. The end of Luv) is a 2011 Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Bumpy, starring Shraddha Kapoor and Taaha Shah. The film was the first production of Y-Films, a subsidiary of Yash Raj Films and released to mostly positive reviews on 6 May 2011. The film is also loosely based on the 2009 American film Wild Cherry, the 2006 American film John Tucker Must Die and John Green's novel Paper Towns.

John Tucker Must Die
John Tucker Must Die is a 2006 teen comedy film directed by Betty Thomas and starring Jesse Metcalfe, Brittany Snow, Ashanti, Sophia Bush, Arielle Kebbel, and Jenny McCarthy. The plot centers around a trio of teenage girls who plan to break the heart of school basketball star John Tucker (Metcalfe) after they learn he has been secretly dating all three and pledging each is "the one". They recruit a shy, unpopular girl (Snow) in their scheme to publicly humiliate him. The story is loosely based on William Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor.

Released theatrically by 20th Century Fox on July 28, 2006, John Tucker Must Die received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the cast's performances but called the film derivative. The film was a box office success, grossing $68.8 million worldwide against an $18 million budget.
Bradish
Bradish is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alvah Bradish (1806–1901), American portrait painter and professor

Joseph Bradish (1672–1700), English pirate

Kyle Bradish (born 1996), American baseball player

Luther Bradish (1783–1863), American lawyer and politician

Sarah Powers Bradish (1867–1922), American writer and temperance activist

Sarah Powers Bradish
Sarah Powers Bradish (1867–1922) was an American writer. She is known for her textbook Old Norse Stories, published in 1900, and a memoir titled ... Stories of Country Life.

Sarah Powers Bradish is also known for her service as Wisconsin State Secretary of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

She was a graduate of Ripon College and traveled extensively in Europe. 
She traveled in England and France from 1872 to 1873. She resided in Dartford, Wisconsin, from 1873 to 1874; in Ripon, Wisconsin, from 1874 to 1875; and in Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 1875 to 1894.

Her husband, James H. Bradish, also attended Ripon College. He became assistant general solicitor of the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railroad Company, and a Minneapolis alderman. The couple had two children, Bertha and Herman.
Isothermal process
An isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature T of a system remains constant: ΔT = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in the system occurs slowly enough to allow the system to be continuously adjusted to the temperature of the reservoir through heat exchange (see quasi-equilibrium). In contrast, an adiabatic process is where a system exchanges no heat with its surroundings (Q = 0).

Simply, we can say that in an isothermal process

For ideal gases only, internal energy

while in adiabatic processes:

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
Free State women's cricket team
The Free State women's cricket team, also known as Recon Tactical Free State and previously known as Orange Free State women's cricket team, is the women's representative cricket team for the South African province of Free State. They compete in the CSA Women's One-Day Cup and the CSA Women's T20 Challenge.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Donna Leon (TV series)
Donna Leon is the author of the Commissario Guido Brunetti crime novels series that was adapted as the German television series Commissario Brunetti.  The television program, which features music by André Rieu and has been produced 2000–2019 by the ARD in Germany, is also shown in Spain and in Finland by Yle.

André Rieu
André Léon Marie Nicolas Rieu (Dutch: [ˈɑndreː riˈjøː], French: [ɑ̃dʁe ʁjø]; born 1 October 1949) is a Dutch violinist and conductor best known as the founder of the waltz-playing Johann Strauss Orchestra.

Rieu and his orchestra tour worldwide, often playing in stadiums. He resides in his native Maastricht, where he also regularly performs at the Vrijthof.
John Bockoven
John Sanbourne Bockoven (1915 – 2007) was an American psychiatrist. He served as an officer in the U.S. Army  Medical Corps of the during World War II.

He served as a research psychiatrist at Boston Psychopathic Hospital, as Clinical Director and then Acting Superintendent of Butler Health Center in Providence, Rhode Island, as Superintendent at the Cushing Hospital at Framingham, Massachusetts, and, starting in 1966, as Superintendent of the Dr. Harry C. Solomon Mental Health Center in Lowell, Massachusetts.

He taught at the Harvard Medical School and the University of Vermont College of Medicine. He was interested in the history of mental hospital care, and wrote extensively about it. In 1964 he received a Certificate in Commendation from the American Psychiatric Association for his service as Chairman of the Committee on History of Psychiatry.

He was born in North Dakota and died in Concord, Massachusetts.

Framingham, Massachusetts
Framingham (/ˈfreɪmɪŋhæm/ ⓘ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,  United States. Incorporated in 1700, it is located in Middlesex County and the MetroWest subregion of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The city proper covers 25 square miles (65 km2) with a population of 72,362 in 2020, making it the 14th most populous municipality in Massachusetts. Residents voted in favor of adopting a charter to transition from a representative town meeting system to a mayor–council government in April 2017, and the municipality transitioned to city status on January 1, 2018. Before it transitioned, it had been the largest town by population in Massachusetts.

The city has one of the largest Brazilian American populations in the United States, with a considerable Brazilian presence since the 1980s.
Ministry of Culture and Arts (Algeria)
The Ministry of Culture and Arts (Arabic: وزارة الثقافة والفنون, French: Ministère de la Culture et des Arts) is the Algerian government ministry which oversees the protection and enhancement of Algeria's cultural heritage. Its head office is in Kouba, Algiers Province.

Kouba, Algeria
Kouba is a suburb situated on a height just south-east of the central city of Algiers in northern Algeria.
It is home to the Kouba city council, which was built during the French colonial times. Its name refers to "Qubba", which means "dome".
Kewal Krishan
Kewal Krishan (10 October 1923 – 30 June 2008) was a medical practitioner and politician in Punjab, India. He was the Speaker of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) from 2002 to 2007.

He was first elected as an Indian National Congress member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1969, serving as Speaker from 1973 to 1977 and again from 2002 to 2007. He served as Minister of Finance in the Punjab Government from 1980 to 1983.

In 2005, he led an Assembly delegation on a goodwill visit to the Punjab Assembly in Pakistan.

In January 2006 he announced his intention of standing down as an MLA, saying "I am 83 and have played my innings in politics. I do not want to continue till 90. Now the time has come for the younger generation to take the reins." He died on 30 June 2008, of a heart attack.

State legislative assemblies of India
The State Legislative Assembly, also known as the Vidhan Sabha or the Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India. Members of the legislative assembly are often directly elected to serve five year terms from single-member constituencies. A legislative assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the governor on request of the chief minister of the respective state or union territory, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
Eremophila foliosissima
Eremophila foliosissima, commonly known as poverty bush, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a small, erect, densely foliaged shrub with long, narrow, hairy leaves and mauve to purple flowers. It is similar to Eremophila gilesii but is more dense and rounded, has more crowded leaves and has different hairs on the flowers.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
4-oxoproline reductase
In enzymology, 4-oxoproline reductase (EC 1.1.1.104) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The substrates of this enzyme are cis-4-hydroxyproline, and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are 4-oxo-L-proline and reduced NADH.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called hydroxy-L-proline oxidase. This enzyme was originally thought to participate in the metabolism of arginine and proline. However, recent data show that it is unlikely since neither 4-oxo-L-proline nor cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline are metabolites of these metabolic pathways.

Arginine and proline metabolism
Arginine and proline metabolism is one of the central pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acids arginine and proline from glutamate. The pathways linking arginine, glutamate, and proline are bidirectional. Thus, the net utilization or production of these amino acids is highly dependent on cell type and developmental stage.
Altered proline metabolism has been linked to metastasis formation in breast cancer.
WROC (AM)
WROC (950 kHz), branded as WGR Rochester, is an AM radio station licensed to Rochester, New York, airing a sports radio format. The format is closely aligned with Buffalo sister station WGR, and carries local shows as well as content from WGR, Westwood One Sports, along with play-by-play from teams owned by Pegula Sports and Entertainment.  The station's studios are located at High Falls Studios downtown, and its transmitter tower is on Rochester's southside near the I-390/I-590 freeway interchange.

The station's call sign is a reference to WROC-TV; while the stations are not and have never been co-owned, WROC radio has an agreement with WROC-TV to provide local news coverage, and the borrowing of the WROC call sign from WROC-TV is included in this agreement. (The WROC call sign was previously used on 1280 kHz, now WHTK, which was originally co-owned with WROC-TV.)

WROC-TV
WROC-TV (channel 8) is a television station in Rochester, New York, United States, affiliated with CBS and owned by Nexstar Media Group. The station's studios are located on Humboldt Street in downtown Rochester, and its transmitter is located on Pinnacle Hill in Brighton, New York.

Prior to 2021, the WROC studios hosted the master control operations of Nexstar's "virtual triopoly" in the Quad Cities television market of southeastern Iowa and west-central Illinois, which includes fellow CBS affiliate WHBF-TV, CW owned-and-operated station KGCW, and Fox-affiliated LMA partner KLJB.
Advances in Applied Mathematics
Advances in Applied Mathematics is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal publishing research on applied mathematics. Its founding editor was Gian-Carlo Rota (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); from 1980 to 1999, Joseph P. S. Kung (University of North Texas) served as managing editor. It is currently published by Elsevier with eight issues per year and edited by Hal Schenck (Auburn University) and Catherine Yan (Texas A&M University).

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Marek Vašut
Marek Vašut (born 5 May 1960 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech film, stage, and television actor, best known for his appearances in Solomon Kane and Blade II. He voiced the character Tommy Angelo for the Czech version of the video game Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven. Vašut later reprised his role as Tommy in the 2020 remake Mafia: Definitive Edition. He also portrays Otto von Bergow in the single-player RPG game Kingdom Come Deliverance II.

Solomon Kane
Solomon Kane is a fictional character created by the pulp-era writer Robert E. Howard. A late-16th-to-early-17th century Puritan, Solomon Kane is a somber-looking man who wanders the world with no apparent goal other than to vanquish evil in all its forms. His adventures, published mostly in the pulp magazine Weird Tales, often take him from Europe to the jungles of Africa and back.

When Weird Tales published a story featuring Conan the Barbarian, the editors introduced it by writing that "Its author, Robert E. Howard, is already a favorite with the readers of this magazine for his stories of Solomon Kane, the dour English Puritan and redresser of wrongs".

Solomon Kane was portrayed by James Purefoy in the film Solomon Kane in 2009. He has also been featured in a series of comics published by Marvel from 1973 to 1994, from 2008 to 2009 at Dark Horse Comics, and beginning again in 2025 with Titan Comics.
Anne E. Patrick
Anne Estelle Patrick, SNJM (April 5, 1941 – July 21, 2016), was an American Catholic religious sister, theologian, and professor. She was an active member of the Catholic Theological Society of America, the International Network of Societies for Catholic Theology, the Society of Christian Ethics, and the National Assembly of Women Religious.

Society of Christian Ethics
The Society of Christian Ethics (SCE) is a non-denominational academic society that promote scholarly work in Christian ethics and the relation of Christian ethics to other ethics traditions. Its members are faculty and students at universities, colleges, and theological schools primarily in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Founded as the American Society of Christian Social Ethics in 1959, the society changed its name to the American Society of Christian Ethics in c. 1964 before adopting its current name in 1980.

The SCE sponsors an annual meeting in conjunction with the Society of Jewish Ethics and the Society for the Study of Muslim Ethics. Some papers from these meetings are published in the Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics.

Emilie M. Townes, the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Chair in Ethics and Society at Vanderbilt University, was President of the SCE 2024-25.
Warren Hawke
Warren Robert Hawke (born 20 September 1970) is an English former footballer who played for Sunderland, Berwick Rangers, Greenock Morton and Queen of the South. Although he never started more than three games in a season during his time at Sunderland he is remembered for playing in the 2-0 play-off semi-final win at Newcastle United in 1990, while one of his 19 substitute appearances was in the 1992 FA Cup Final.

Berwick Rangers F.C.
Berwick Rangers Football Club is a football team based in the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England, who play in the Scottish football system. Founded in 1884, they currently play in the Lowland League, the fifth tier of Scottish football, despite being based in England. They were the only club from outside Scotland in the Scottish Professional Football League until their relegation in 2019.
Bailando 2012
Bailando 2012 was the eighth Argentinean season of Bailando por un Sueño. The first show of the season aired on 11 June 2012 on El Trece, with Marcelo Tinelli as host and 30 couples competing.

The jury were Carmen Barbieri, Anibal Pachano, Antonio Gasalla, Moria Casán, Flavio Mendoza and Marcelo Polino.
Though Gasalla had been a guest judge in season 5, this was his first time as a permanent judge; however, he left the show in round 10. Santiago Bal was also confirmed as a judge, but he recused himself before the beginning of the show at the request of his son, Federico Bal, who was a contestant.

This was the first season to feature three disabled contestants: Noelia Pompa (dwarfism), Ayelén Barreiro (Down syndrome) and Reinaldo Ojeda (leg amputee). Verónica Perdomo is also a special case, as she is a cerebrovascular disease survivor.

Noelia Pompa and Hernán Piquín won for the second year in a row.

Marcelo Tinelli
Marcelo Hugo Tinelli (born 1 April 1960) is an Argentine television and radio host, media producer and businessman, best known as the host of the TV show Showmatch broadcast on Argentina's El Trece.

One of the most famous supporters of sports club San Lorenzo de Almagro, in 2019 Tinelli became president of the club after winning the election by more than 80% of the vote. Since March 2020, Tinelli is also president of Liga Profesional de Fútbol, the association that rules and organises Primera División championships.
St Andrew's Church, Wanborough
St Andrew's Church is in the village of Wanborough in north Wiltshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the Diocese of Bristol, one of only three churches in England to have both a western tower and a central spire. It has been designated a Grade I listed building.

Spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are typically made of stonework or brickwork, or else of timber structures with metal cladding, ceramic tiling, roof shingles, or slates on the exterior.

Since towers supporting spires are usually square, square-plan spires emerge directly from the tower's walls, but octagonal spires are either built above a pyramidal transition section called a broach at the spire's base, or else free spaces around the tower's summit for decorative elements like pinnacles. The former solution is known as a broach spire. Small or short spires are known as spikes, spirelets, or flèches.