hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alan Shepard (academic)
Alan Shepard (born c. 1962) is an American-Canadian academic and the current and 11th president and vice-chancellor of Western University in London, Ontario, effective July 2019. He previously served as the president and vice-chancellor of Concordia University in Montreal.

American Canadians
American Canadians are Canadians of American descent. The term is most often used to refer to Canadians who migrated from or have ancestry from the United States. This may include people born in the United States who have naturalized as Canadian citizens. Many American Canadians and Canadian Americans hold both US and Canadian citizenship.
Ryan Penn
Ryan Penn (born April 6, 1988) is a Bahamian sprinter from Freeport, Bahamas who competed in the 100m and 200. He attended Grand Bahama Catholic High School in Freeport, Bahamas, before going on to compete for Southwestern Christian College and Louisiana State University.

He won a bronze medal on the 4 × 100 m relay at the 2005 CARIFTA Games in Tobago. He Also ran the 100m at the 2006 CARIFTA Games where he placed 8th in the 100m after suffering muscle cramps. He then placed 6th in the 100m at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships.
Penn also competed at the 2005 World Youth Championships in Athletics and the 2005 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships.

In 2012 Penn competed in the IAAF World Challenge Grande Prêmio Brasil Caixa de Atletismo in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He ran the anchor leg of the 4x100m relay in a time of 39.36.

2006 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships
The 17th Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships were held in the Hasely Crawford Stadium in Port of Spain, Trinidad, between 14–16 July 2006, and organized by the National Amateur Athletic Association of Trinidad & Tobago (NAAATT).  The event was open for athletes from the invited countries, that are members of the Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation (CACAC), in two categories:  Junior A Category: 17 to 19 years as of 31 December 2004 (Born between 1987 and 1989), and Junior B Category: 14 to 16 years as of 31 December 2006 (Born between 1990 and 1992).  A preview and detailed discussions of the results on a day-by-day basis are given.
Riverside Estate, Victoria
Riverside Estate is a residential area of Melbourne located in the north western corner of Balwyn North, 11km north-east of the Melbourne CBD. Established in 1938, the area is bordered by Burke Road to the west, the Eastern Freeway to the north, Doncaster Road to the south, and Bulleen Road to the east.

Famed for its leafy green streets and for its interwar art deco architecture, the estate is one of the most well known neighbourhoods within the City of Boroondara, with its entirety being recognized by the Victorian Heritage Register.

Bulleen Road
Bulleen Road is a 4 kilometre long road in north-eastern Melbourne, Australia serving the suburbs of Bulleen and Balwyn North, which can be seen as an alternative thoroughfare between Heidelberg and Doncaster via the Eastern Freeway.

Since the opening of EastLink the road has seen significantly larger volumes of traffic, particularly between the Eastern Freeway and Manningham Road due to the traffic between the Eastern Freeway and the Metropolitan Ring Road.
Dr. Silvester Gardiner
Dr. Silvester Gardiner is an oil painting on canvas completed ca. 1772 by the Anglo-American artist John Singleton Copley. The subject of the portrait, Silvester Gardiner, was a physician who founded the city of Gardiner, Maine.

The painting is part of the collection of the Seattle Art Museum.

John Singleton Copley
John Singleton Copley /ˈkɑːpli/ RA (July 3, 1738 – September 9, 1815) was an American-born painter active in both the Thirteen Colonies and England. He is believed to have been born in Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, to Richard and Mary Singleton Copley, both Anglo-Irish. After becoming well-established as a portrait painter of the wealthy in colonial New England, he moved to London in 1774, never returning to America.  In London, he met considerable success as a portraitist for the next two decades, and also painted a number of large history paintings, which were innovative in their readiness to depict modern subjects and modern dress.  His later years were less successful, and he died heavily in debt. He was father of John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst and half-brother of Henry Pelham, the  American  painter, engraver, and cartographer.
Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz
Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz  (26 January 1891 – 17 December 1978) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions. He participated in the campaigns of Poland, France and the invasion of the Soviet Union. Gablenz stayed on the Russian Front from 1941 to 1943. He later assumed command of the 232nd Infantry Division in Italy, a command he held until the final surrender in May 1945.

He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

Spring 1945 offensive in Italy
The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. The attack in the Lombard Plain by the 15th Allied Army Group started on 6 April 1945 and ended on 2 May with the surrender of all Axis forces in Italy.
Oleksandr Kvachuk
Oleksandr Kvachuk (Ukrainian: Олександр Квачук; born 23 July 1983) is a Ukrainian former racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2004 and 2014 for the Diquigiovanni–Androni, ISD–NERI, Lampre–ISD and Kolss Cycling Team squads.

GW Erco Shimano
GW Erco Shimano (UCI team code: GES) is a Colombian-registered UCI Continental cycling team that participates in road bicycle racing events on the UCI Continental Circuits. Prior to 2023, the team was based in Italy and held UCI ProTeam status. Gianni Savio manages the team, with assistance from directeurs sportifs Giovanni Ellena, Antonio Castano, Didier Paindaveine and Marco Bellini.

In 2022, with the arrival of a new sponsor — Drone Hopper (an aeronautical engineering company based in Spain) — the team has received a new name Drone Hopper–Androni Giocattoli.
Hammatoderus
Hammatoderus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. The genus is distributed in the Americas, from Mexico through Central America to South America south to Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay.

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Borrowed Trouble
Borrowed Trouble is a 1948 American Western film directed by George Archainbaud and written by Charles Belden. The film stars William Boyd, Andy Clyde, Rand Brooks, Helen Chapman, Anne O'Neal, John Parrish and Cliff Clark. The film was released on July 23, 1948, by United Artists.

Charles S. Belden
Charles Spencer Belden (April 21, 1904 – November 3, 1954) was an American screenwriter and journalist, known for writing screenplays to several Charlie Chan films in the 1930s, notably Charlie Chan at the Opera (1936).  His 1932 short story "The Wax Works" served as the basis for the 1933 film Mystery of the Wax Museum. He was married to stage actress Beth Milton in the early 1930s and to actress Joan Marsh who had starred in Charlie Chan on Broadway (1937), from 1938 to 1943. He was born in Montclair, New Jersey, and died in the Motion Picture Country Hospital, Los Angeles, at the age of 50.
Dolgoprudnenskoe Scientific Production Plant
OJSC Dolgoprudnenskoye Scientific Production Plant (also translated as Dolgoprudny Research Production Enterprise, Russian: Долгопрудненское научно-производственное предприятие) or DNPP for short is a Soviet/Russian designer and mass producer of surface-to-air missiles located in the city of Dolgoprudny, Moscow Oblast.

Currently, it's producing SAMs for land-based air defence systems (Buk-M1-2 for example) and its naval version (Shtil-1). It also develops and produces devices for the automatic launching and flight control of the missiles.

It is served by a branch line of the Moscow - Savyolovo railway with frequent cargo trains departing Mark station bound to and from the factory.

Dolgoprudny
Dolgoprudny (Russian: Долгопру́дный, Russian pronunciation: [dəlɡɐˈprudnɨj]) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located about 20 kilometers (12 mi) north of Moscow city center. The town's name is derived from Russian "Долгий пруд" (dolgy prud, lit. "long pond")—a long and narrow pond situated in the northeastern part of the town. The town's name is sometimes colloquially shortened as Dolgopa. Population: 120,907 (2021 Census); 90,956 (2010 Census); 68,792 (2002 Census); 70,751 (1989 Soviet census).
Ernie Holmes
Earnest Lee Holmes (July 11, 1948 – January 17, 2008) was an American professional football defensive tackle who played in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons, primarily with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Nicknamed "Fats", he was selected by the Steelers in the eighth round of the 1971 NFL draft and won two Super Bowl titles with the team. He spent all but one season of his career in Pittsburgh, retiring in 1978 after a stint with the New England Patriots.

Jamestown, Texas
Jamestown is an unincorporated community in Smith County located in the U.S. state of Texas. The town was first settled in 1846. The town underwent rapid expansion and a post office was built. The community was primarily focused on growing and shipping cotton. In 1861, Company G of the 14th Texas Voluntary Infantry of the Confederate States Army was raised in Jamestown. In 1903, the post office was moved to Overton.  The final business in Jamestown closed in 1964.
Kurt Hovelijnck
Kurt Hovelijnck (born 2 June 1981) is a Belgian former professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 2005 and 2013, competing for the Topsport Vlaanderen, Quick-Step, Donckers Koffie-Jelly Belly and Crelan–Euphony squads.

He fractured his skull during a training accident in Belgium on 17 March 2009, but returned to racing the following February.

Soudal Quick-Step
Soudal–Quick-Step (UCI team code: SOQ) is a Belgian UCI WorldTeam cycling team led by team manager Jurgen Foré. The directeurs sportifs are Davide Bramati, Iljo Keisse, Klaas Lodewyck, Wilfried Peeters, Tom Steels, Geert Van Bondt, Dries Devenyns and Kevin Hulsmans.

The team is nicknamed 'The Wolfpack' and has used the term in its branding since 2017.
2003–04 Duleep Trophy
The 2003–04 Duleep Trophy was the 43rd season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone. In addition to these five teams, a guest team (England A) also featured in the tournament.

North Zone won the title, defeating East Zone in the final.

Central Zone cricket team
The Central Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents central India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from central India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Railways, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Vidarbha. Central Zone has the fourth strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 7 times, with the best team, North Zone having won 17 times.
The Cork Museum
The Cork Museum of Palafrugell, Spain, is a museum about the cork industry in Catalonia.  Founded in 1972, the Cork Museum is part of the Costa Brava Museum Network and the Network of Local Museums of Catalonia in Girona.

The Cork Museum is located in a modernist factory around a small cork forest. The exhibition consists of an audiovisual space, a journey from the forest to work at the factory to obtain plugs, discs, paper and agglomerate, a space to experiment and a space for participation.

Girona
Girona, also known as Gerona, is the capital city of the Province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers. The city had an official population of 106,476 in 2024, but the population of the Girona–Salt urban area is estimated to be about 156,400 (2020). Girona is also capital of the comarca of the Gironès and the vegueria of Girona. Since much of the old quarter of this ancient city has been preserved, Girona is a popular tourist destination. The city is located 99 km (62 mi) northeast of Barcelona.
Lee Valley Lake
Lee Valley Lake is Arizona's highest elevation reservoir, situated at 9,420 feet (2,870 m) in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests near Mount Baldy. It is located approximately 35 miles from Pinetop-Lakeside, connected by Arizona highways 260 and 273 and forest road 113. Access is restricted in the winter when roads are closed due to snow, generally December to early April.

Pinetop-Lakeside, Arizona
Pinetop–Lakeside is a town in Navajo County, Arizona, United States.  According to 2020 census, the population of the town is 4,030. It was founded in 1984 when the neighboring towns of Pinetop and Lakeside merged.

Pinetop–Lakeside is a popular summer resort and second-home area for Arizona desert residents. In 2002, a large forest fire, the Rodeo–Chediski Fire, threatened the town and forced an evacuation.
Caroline Donald
Caroline Donald is a British journalist and author, and was the gardening editor of The Sunday Times from 2000 to 2019.

Her book, The Generous Gardener: Private Paradises Shared, is a compilation of 43 articles or essays, primarily from The Sunday Times. Gardeners and their gardens covered include Jilly Cooper, Will Alsop, Henry Cecil, Corinne Bailey Rae, Jim Carter, Imelda Staunton, Christopher Gibbs, Natasha Spender, Penelope Hobhouse, Bob Flowerdew, Kelly Brook, and Roy Lancaster. It has been described as "a pick up and browse gem to lift the spirits and reinforce what we all know – that gardening is good for you!"

Henry Cecil
Sir Henry Richard Amherst Cecil (11 January 1943 – 11 June 2013) was a British flat racing horse trainer. Cecil was very successful, becoming Champion Trainer ten times and training 25 domestic Classic winners. These comprised four winners of the Derby, eight winners of the Oaks, six winners of the 1,000 Guineas, three of the 2,000 Guineas and four winners of the St Leger Stakes. His 1000 Guineas and Oaks successes made him particularly renowned for his success with fillies. He was noted for his mastery at Royal Ascot, where he trained 75 winners.

Describing his approach to training, Cecil told The Daily Telegraph: "I do everything by instinct really, not by the book. I like to think I’ve got a feeling for and understand my horses, that they tell me what to do really."

Cecil was knighted for services to horse racing in the Queen's 2011 Birthday Honours.
Lesley Locke
Lesley Cameron Locke (24 January 1934 – 1996) was a Scottish footballer, who played in the Football League for Queens Park Rangers and a track and field athlete from Scotland who competed at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (now Commonwealth Games).

1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
The 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (Welsh: Gemau Ymerodraeth Prydain a'r Gymanwlad 1958) were held in Cardiff, Wales, from 18 to 26 July 1958. It was the sixth edition of what would come to be known as the Commonwealth Games, the second Games held in the United Kingdom, and the second held under the name British Empire and Commonwealth Games.

Thirty-five nations sent a total of 1,130 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals, including, for the first time, Singapore, Ghana, Kenya and the Isle of Man. 178,000 tickets were eventually sold during the Games.

The Cardiff Games introduced the Queen's Baton Relay, which has been conducted as a prelude to every Commonwealth Games ever since. England topped the medal table.
Sir George Tressady
Sir George Tressady is a novel by Mary Augusta Ward. Originally published as a serial from 1895 to 1896, it was Ward's seventh novel.

This is the book that Miss Adeline Glendower, the elder of the Glendower half-sisters, has chosen for her seaside reading in The Sea Lady, a social satire by H. G. Wells.

Mary Augusta Ward
Mary Augusta Ward CBE (née Arnold; 11 June 1851 – 24 March 1920) was a British novelist who wrote under her married name as Mrs Humphry Ward. She worked to improve education for the poor, setting up a Settlement in London. She was a staunch opponent of giving women the right to vote, and in 1908 she became the founding President of the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League.
Calceolaria martinezii
Calceolaria martinezii is a species of plant in the Calceolariaceae family. It is endemic to the Ambato plateau in central Ecuador, where it is known from only two subpopulations: one on the slopes of the Tungurahua volcano, and another close to the town of Patate.

Calceolariaceae
Calceolariaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that has been recently segregated from Scrophulariaceae. The family includes two genera, Calceolaria and Jovellana. Porodittia is treated as a synonym of Calceolaria. Recent molecular phylogenies that included Calceolaria have shown not only that this genus does not belong in Scrophulariaceae (or any of the numerous families recently segregated from Scrophulariaceae) but also that it is the sister clade to the majority of the other families of the Lamiales. Morphological and chemical characters also support the separation of Calceolariaceae from Scrophulariaceae and other Lamiales. Some recent studies have supported a sister-group relationship between Calceolariaceae and Gesneriaceae. Given this close relationship, some authors opt to merge this family into Gesneriaceae as subfamily Calceolarioideae
Rzgów Pierwszy
Rzgów Pierwszy [ˈʐɡuf ˈpjɛrfʂɨ] ("First Rzgów", as distinct from the neighbouring Rzgów Drugi, "Second Rzgów") is a village in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rzgów.

Konin County
Konin County (Polish: powiat koniński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Konin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Golina, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Konin, Kleczew, 19 km (12 mi) north of Konin, Sompolno, 27 km (17 mi) north-east of Konin, Ślesin, 17 km (11 mi) north of Konin, and Rychwał, 18 km (11 mi) south of Konin.

The county covers an area of 1,578.71 square kilometres (609.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 123,646, out of which the population of Golina is 4,330, that of Kleczew is 4,173, that of Sompolno is 3,695, that of Ślesin is 3,102, that of Rychwał is 2,377, and the rural population is 105,969.
Mailam Assembly constituency
Mailam is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu, India, that was formed after constituency delimitations in 2008. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 71. Located in Viluppuram district, it comprises portions of the Gingee and Tindivanam taluks. It is included in Arani Lok Sabha constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

Arani Lok Sabha constituency
Arani is a Lok Sabha (Parliament of India) constituency in Tamil Nadu. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 12 of 39. It was created during the 2008 assembly delimitation from the former Vandavasi constituency.
Democratic and Liberal Youth
The Democratic and Liberal Youth (French: Jeunesse Démocrate et Libérale) is the youth wing of the Democratic Party of Luxembourg.

It is a member of European Liberal Youth, the youth wing of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.

Youth wing
A youth wing is a subsidiary, autonomous, or independently allied front of a larger organization (usually a political party but occasionally another type of organization) that is formed in order to rally support for that organization from members and potential members of a younger age, as well as to focus on subjects and issues more widely relevant among that organization's youth. Youth wings may also be discussion forums for younger members and supporters of the organization to debate policy and ideology.
HD 231701 b
HD 231701 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 356 light years away in the constellation of Sagitta. This planet orbits at 0.55 AU from the star HD 231701 with eccentricity 0.19. Based on its high mass of 1.08 MJ, the planet is probably a gas giant, meaning the planet has no solid surface and have composition similar to Solar System's outer planets.

The planet HD 231701 b is named Babylonia. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Iraq, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Babylonia was a key kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia from the 18th to 6th centuries BC.

NameExoWorlds
NameExoWorlds (also known as IAU NameExoWorlds) were various projects managed by the International Astronomical Union (I.A.U.) to encourage names to be submitted for astronomical objects, notably exoplanets. The accepted names would later be considered for official adoption by the organization.
Essex Cricket Board
The Essex Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Essex.

From 1999 to 2003 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List-A status.

Friends Provident Trophy
The Friends Provident Trophy was a one-day cricket competition in the British Isles.

It was one of the four tournaments in which the eighteen first-class counties competed each season. They were joined by teams from Scotland and Ireland. Lancashire won the title a record seven times.

The competition was previously known as the Gillette Cup (1963–1980), the NatWest Trophy (1981–2000), and the C&G Trophy (2000–2006). For a short period following the 2006 season, the competition was known as the ECB One-Day Trophy because no sponsors were forthcoming when Cheltenham and Gloucester decided to end their association with the competition after the 2006 season. The tournament, along with the Pro40 forty-overs competition, was replaced by the ECB 40 competition from the 2010 season.
Inuit phonology
This article discusses the phonology of the Inuit languages. Unless otherwise noted, statements refer to Inuktitut dialects of Canada.

Most Inuit varieties have fifteen consonants and three vowel qualities (with phonemic length distinctions for each). Although Inupiatun and Qawiaraq have retroflex consonants, retroflexes have otherwise disappeared in all the Canadian and Greenlandic dialects.

Retroflex consonant
A retroflex (/ˈrɛtrəflɛks, -roʊ-/ ⓘ) consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants—especially in Indology. Other terms are domal and cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though in rare cases either word can mean palatal consonants more broadly.

The Latin-derived word retroflex means "bent back"; some retroflex consonants are pronounced with the tongue fully curled back so that articulation involves the underside of the tongue tip (subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having a similar place of articulation without such extreme curling of the tongue; these may be articulated with the tongue tip (apical) or the tongue blade (laminal). When apical, they have been called apico-domal or apico-palatal consonants.