hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Galloway (police)
Alexander Galloway (January 18, 1847 – August 24, 1915) served as the chief of police for the Los Angeles Police Department from February 14, 1910, to January 2, 1911, a tenure lasting 10 months and 21 days. He is remembered as one of a series of "inexperienced, non-professional chiefs". During his time in office he gave Alice Stebbin Wells her first police badge, making her one of the first policewomen in the world.

Born 1847 in Glasgow, Scotland, he immigrated to Montreal, Canada, with his family when he was a boy. Galloway later pursued a career on the railroad industry, ending his transportation-industry career with the Southern Pacific Railway. Galloway was succeeded as chief of police by Charles E. Sebastian, who would later serve as the mayor of Los Angeles. Galloway died in Los Angeles on August 24, 1915.

Women in law enforcement
The integration of women into law enforcement positions can be considered a large social change. Within industrialized nations in the early 1900s, there were few jobs open to women in law enforcement; however, timelines vary for developing nations. Within industrialized nations, a small number of women worked as correctional officers, and their assignments were usually limited to peripheral tasks.  Women traditionally worked in juvenile facilities, handled crimes involving female offenders, or performed clerical tasks. In these early days, women were not considered as capable as men in law enforcement. Recently, many options have opened up, creating new possible careers.
Arthur A. Wilson
Arthur A. Wilson  is an Indian cinematographer. He predominantly works in Tamil and Telugu cinema. He is best known for his collaborations with directors Bala, K. S. Ravikumar, N. Lingusamy, Boyapati Srinu, and K. S. Ravindra.

He won the Tamil Nadu State Award twice for Best Cinematography, Cult Movies International Film Festival award, Oniros Film Awards and other international awards for Iravin Nizhal (2023).

Bala (director)
Bala  is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and film producer, working in Tamil cinema. Bala has been praised for "revolutionizing Tamil cinema" through his realistic, dark and disturbing depiction of the working class on celluloid screen. His films are known to be tragic and disturbing.
Setina irrorella
Setina irrorella, the dew moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in the Palearctic from Ireland and the Isle of Man, then through Europe and east to northern and central Asia to the Pacific Ocean (Siberia, Kamchatka, Chukotka northern Mongolia). It is missing in the high north and parts of the Mediterranean region. It is found also in the limestone Alps up to 2,000 meters above sea level.

10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.
Apostolis Kolokotronis
Apostolis Kolokotronis (Greek: Αποστόλης Κολοκοτρώνης) was a chieftain of the Greek War of Independence and an officer of the Greek army from Arcadia. He was member of the well-known Kolokotronis family.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
Louhans
Louhans (French pronunciation: [lu.ɑ̃]) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. Louhans is the capital of Bresse bourguignonne and a subprefecture of the department.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Mary Livingstone
Mary Livingstone (born Sadya Marcowitz, later known as Sadie Marks; June 25, 1905 – June 30, 1983) was an American radio comedienne and actress. She was the wife and radio partner of comedian Jack Benny.

Enlisted casually to perform on her husband's program, she proved a talented comedian. But she also proved one of the rare performers to experience severe stage fright years after her career was established, so much so that she retired from show business completely, after two decades in the public eye, almost three decades before her death and at the height of her husband and partner's fame.

Anglicisation of names
The anglicisation of personal names is the change of non-English-language personal names to spellings nearer English sounds, or substitution of equivalent or similar English personal names in the place of non-English personal names.
Marron Valley
Marron Valley is an inhabited locality and former post office in the South Okanagan region of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located to the west of Skaha Lake.

Named in association with the Marron River, a post office was first opened in 1909 as Marron Lake.  The post office was re-designated Marron Valley in 1924.  The Geological Survey of Canada map for 1936 show "Marron Valley (town)" though this was downgraded to "Marron Valley (settlement)" in 1954.

Geological Survey of Canada
The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC; French: Commission géologique du Canada, CGC) is a Canadian federal government agency responsible for performing geological surveys of the country developing Canada's natural resources and protecting the environment. A branch of the Geoscience and Earth Monitoring Sector of Natural Resources Canada, the GSC is the country's oldest scientific agency and was one of its first government organizations.
Ksawery Lubomirski
Franciszek Ksawery Lubomirski (1747–1819) was a Polish noble, Russian general.

Franciszek was born in a family of Stanisław Lubomirski voivode of Kijow who he had many possessions in Kiev Voivodeship, which following the First Partition of Poland fell under the Russian Empire control.

Franciszek Ksawery decided to become a Russian citizen. In 1777 he joined the Russian Army, eventually reaching the rank of general major.

Married three times, he had several children. His first wife was a daughter of the voivode of Kijow Franciszek Salezy Potocki. His second wife was a daughter of the Great Standard-bearer of Lithuania Stanisław Ferdynand Rzewuski. His third wife was a granddaughter of Kirill Razumovsky.

Kirill Razumovsky
Count Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky or Razumovski (also known as Cyril Razumovski; Russian: Кирилл Григорьевич Разумовский; Ukrainian: Кирило Григорович Розумовський, romanized: Kyrylo Hryhorovych Rozumovskyi; 29 March [O.S. 18 March] 1728 – 21 January [O.S. 9 January] 1803) was a Russian statesman of Ukrainian Cossack origin who served as the last hetman of the Zaporozhian Host on both sides of the Dnieper (from 1750 to 1764) and then as a General field marshal in the Imperial Russian Army. Razumovsky was also the president of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences from 1746 to 1798.
The Medium (1951 film)
The Medium (Italian: La medium) is a 1951 Italian drama film directed by Gian Carlo Menotti. It is based on the opera of the same name and was entered into the 1952 Cannes Film Festival. It would later be screened out of competition at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.

1987 Cannes Film Festival
The 40th Cannes Film Festival took place from 7 to 19 May 1987. French-Italian actor Yves Montand served as jury president for the main competition.

French filmmaker Maurice Pialat won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Under the Sun of Satan, a choice which critics considered "highly controversial" and the prize was given under the jeers of the public. Pialat is quoted to have retorted "You don't like me? Well, let me tell you that I don't like you either!"

The festival opened with A Man in Love by Diane Kurys, and closed with Aria by Robert Altman, Bruce Beresford, Bill Bryden, Jean-Luc Godard, Derek Jarman, Franc Roddam, Nicolas Roeg, Ken Russell, Charles Sturridge and Julien Temple.
Robert Thies
Robert Edward Thies is an American pianist, composer, recording artist, and producer. In 1995, he won the Gold Medal at the International Prokofiev Competition in St. Petersburg, Russia.  In 2024, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Mythologies II.  As a concert pianist, his work encompasses performing solo recitals, chamber music, and concerti with orchestras internationally. He has worked with such film composers as John Williams, James Horner, James Newton Howard, Danny Elfman, and Mychael Danna, and his playing has been featured in films, The Fabelmans, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, Concussion, Fracture, Life of Pi, and Fifty Shades Freed, among others.

Danaë Xanthe Vlasse
Danaë Xanthe Vlasse (also known as Danaë Vlasse) is a French-American pianist, composer, performing artist, music producer, and music teacher.  She won a Grammy Award for Best Classical Solo Vocal Album for Mythologies in 2022. Her song "Penelope", from the album, was featured in 2021 on PBS's Front & Center, performed by Sangeeta Kaur. In 2024, she was nominated for a Grammy Award for Mythologies II for "Best Classical Compendium."
Joy Ride (1935 film)
Joy Ride is a 1935 British comedy film directed by Harry Hughes and starring Gene Gerrard, Zelma O'Neal and Betty Ann Davies. The film was made at the Nettlefold Studios in Walton. The film's art direction was by Don Russell.

Walton Studios
Walton Studios, previously named Hepworth Studios and Nettlefold Studios, was a film production studio in Walton-on-Thames in Surrey, England. Hepworth was a pioneering studio in the early 20th century and released the first film adaptation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Alice in Wonderland, 1903).

The decline of the British cinematic production industry in the mid-20th century led to a decline in work for the facility, and after failing to financially survive as a television production outlet it was eventually closed in 1961. The studio was subsequently demolished and the land was sold for house-building.
Jaelyn Liu
Jaelyn Liu (born March 12, 2009) is an American right-handed foil fencer. She won gold medals in World Championships and Junior and Cadet World Championships at the same year (2025), becoming the first and youngest American won the world champion in foil history.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
B. J. Garbe
Brandon James Garbe (born February 3, 1981, in Moses Lake, Washington) is an American former minor league baseball player. In 1999, Garbe won the Gatorade High School Baseball Player of the Year Award.

Moses Lake, Washington
Moses Lake is a city in Grant County, Washington, United States. The population was 25,146 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 26,969 in 2024. Moses Lake is the most populous city in Grant County. The city anchors the Moses Lake Micropolitan area, which includes all of Grant County and is part of the Moses Lake–Othello combined statistical area.

Moses Lake, on which the city lies, is made up of three main arms over 18 miles (29 km) long and up to one mile (1.6 km) wide. It is the largest natural body of fresh water in Grant County and has over 120 miles (190 km) of shoreline covering 6,500 acres (2,600 ha). Before it was dammed in the early 1900s and then incorporated into the Columbia Basin Project, Moses Lake was a smaller shallow lake. To the south of the town is the Potholes Reservoir and the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge that has a number of seep lakes and vast amounts of migratory birds and other fauna natural to the area.
The Outsider (1931 film)
The Outsider is a 1931 British drama film directed by Harry Lachman and starring Joan Barry, Harold Huth and Norman McKinnel. The screenplay concerns an unorthodox osteopath who cures one of his patients, the daughter of a fellow Doctor. It was made at Elstree Studios and based on the 1923 play of the same title by Dorothy Brandon, previously made into an American silent film in 1926. The film's sets were designed by Wilfred Arnold.

Harold Huth's performance was voted the best in a British film in 1931. The film was remade in 1939 as The Outsider with George Sanders and Mary Maguire in the leading roles.

Harry Lachman
Harry B. Lachman (June 29, 1886 – March 19, 1975) was an American artist, set designer, and film director.

He was born in La Salle, Illinois on June 29, 1886. Lachman was educated at the University of Michigan before becoming a magazine and book illustrator, contributing 4 colour illustrations to the 1907 work John Smith, Gentleman Adventurer by Charles Harcourt Ainslie Forbes-Lindsay. In 1911, he emigrated to Paris where he earned a substantial reputation as a Post-Impressionist painter and was awarded the Légion d'Honneur by the French government.

Lachman's interest in motion pictures stemmed from his position as a set designer in Nice, leading to work on Mare Nostrum in 1925. He worked as a director in France and England before settling in Hollywood in 1933. His credits include Down Our Street, Baby Take a Bow, Dante's Inferno, Our Relations, and Dr. Renault's Secret.

In 1928 he married Jue Quon Tai. Lachman returned to painting in the 1940s. He died on March 19, 1975.
Ryan, California
Ryan (also known as Ryan Camp) is an unincorporated community in Inyo County, California that is now privately owned and stewarded by the Death Valley Conservancy. A former mining community, company town, and seasonal hotel, it is now under careful restoration and preservation. Ryan is situated at an elevation of 3,045 feet (928 m) in the Amargosa Range, and is 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Dante's View and 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Furnace Creek. The Ryan Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2025.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Matthew Eyles
Matthew James Eyles (born 1 May 1979) is an English cricketer.  Eyles is a left-handed batsman who bowls slow left-arm orthodox.  He was born in Amersham, Buckinghamshire.

Eyles made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1999 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire.  He has played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire from 1999 to present, which has included 28 Minor Counties Championship matches and 9 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy against the Kent Cricket Board.  In this match he scored 5 runs before being dismissed by Eddie Stanford. He played one further List A matches for Buckinghamshire, against Dorset in the 1st round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2003. In this match he was dismissed for a duck by Reginald Keates, leaving him with a List A batting average of 2.50.

Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club
Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty National County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Buckinghamshire.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Buckinghamshire played List A matches occasionally from 1965 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club plays its matches around the county at various locations including at Wormsley on the Getty Estate. Until 1979 it played regularly at Ascott Park, the home of the Rothschild family which was prominent in the club's foundation.
Macrofungi of Guatemala
Guatemala is one of the richest biodiversity hotspots in the world. This is due to the variety of its territory and ecosystems that occur from sea level up to more than 4,000 meters above sea level. Ecological niches include (but are not limited to) subtropical and tropical rain forests, wetlands, dry forests, scrublands, cloud forests, and pine-fir forests in the highlands. Despite this wealth, however, our knowledge on the mycobiota of the country is very poor. There are several reasons for this, primarily the prolonged Guatemalan civil war (1960–1996) and related political and social instability that have severely hampered field work in the country. The lack of trained local mycologists has certainly also delayed the detailed investigation of the rich mycota inhabiting the highly diversified Guatemalan biotopes.

Biotope
A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals. Biotope is almost synonymous with the term habitat, which is more commonly used in English-speaking countries. However, in some countries these two terms are distinguished: the subject of a habitat is a population, the subject of a biotope is a biocoenosis, or "biological community".

It is an English loanword derived from the German Biotop, which in turn came from the Greek bios, meaning 'life', and topos, meaning 'place'. (The related word geotope has made its way into the English language by the same route, from the German Geotop.)
Textlocal
Textlocal is a mobile communications company founded in 2005 with offices based in Malvern and Chester.

In 2005, Alastair Shortland and Darren Daws decided they wanted to transform the way businesses, individuals and groups communicate using mobile. Txtlocal Ltd was then formed.

Since then, with the development of their Messenger product, it has allowed over 165,000 users to communicate via SMS, MMS and Mobile Web. Its services include inbound and outbound SMS and MMS communications using a web-based control panel, SMS Gateway and MMS API, mobile web page creation, mobile forms and surveys, SMS attachments and mobile vouchers and loyalty cards.

They are members of the Chartered Institute of Marketing, Institute of Direct and Digital Marketing, Direct Marketing Association and Federation of Small Businesses.

Mobile web
The mobile web comprises mobile browser-based World Wide Web services accessed from mobile devices, such as laptops, tablets, mobile phones, smartwatches, smartglasses, handheld devices like fitness trackers, PDAs and so on through a mobile or other wireless network.
Pehlwan Goth
Pehlwan Goth (Urdu: پہلوان گوٹھ) is a neighborhood in the Karachi East district of Karachi, Pakistan. It was previously administered as part of the Gulshan Town borough, which was disbanded in 2011.

The neighborhood is home to several ethnic groups, including Sindhis as majority, Muhajirs, Punjabis, Saraikis, Pashtuns, Balochis, etc. Over 95% of the population is Muslim; among other religious believers, Christians comprise around 5% of the total population. The population of Gulshan Town is estimated to be nearly one million.

Baloch people
The Baloch people or the Balochs are an Iranian nomadic pastoral ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and are native to the Balochistan region of South and West Asia, occupying parts of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.

The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan, while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number resides in the Pakistani Punjab. They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, 2% of Iran's population, and around 0.5%–1% of the population of Afghanistan, and the largest non-Arab community in Oman.
Zarinsk
Zarinsk (Russian: Заринск) is a town in Altai Krai, Russia, located on the Chumysh River 99 kilometers (62 mi) east of Barnaul. Population:  48,461 (2010 Census); 50,368 (2002 Census); 50,235 (1989 Soviet census).

Chumysh
The Chumysh (Russian: Чумыш) is a river in Russia, a right branch of the Ob River. It enters the Ob 88 kilometres (55 mi) downriver from Barnaul. The Chumysh begins at the confluence of the Kara-Chumysh and the Tom-Chumysh rivers in Kemerovo Oblast. The Chumysh is 644 kilometres (400 mi) long, and it drains a basin of 23,900 square kilometres (9,200 sq mi).

About 68 percent of its right-side basin is known as the Salair Ridge (Russian: Салаирский кряж) and the Pre-Salair plains.
Bearded Ladies (radio show)
Bearded Ladies was a radio programme that was originally aired on BBC Radio 4 between 2003 and 2007. There are currently 22 half-hour episodes; although the last 6, aired in 2007, do have a loose narrative structure holding the individual sketches together, it is essentially a sketch-driven comedy programme.  It stars Oriane Messina, Fay Rusling, Charlotte MacDougall, and Susie Donkin.

"This sub-Smack the Pony all-female comedy troupe set back feminism some 30 years...The Bearded Ladies couldn't raise a laugh with a syringe full of adrenaline and those defibrillator things they use in ER. Have Radio 4 comedy commissioner Caroline Raphael's ears fallen off?" - Gareth McLean, The Guardian

Smack the Pony
Smack the Pony is a British sketch comedy show that was originally broadcast between 1999 and 2003 on Channel 4. The main performers on the show were Fiona Allen, Doon Mackichan and Sally Phillips. There were also regular appearances from Sarah Alexander, Darren Boyd and Cavan Clerkin. The show's theme tune was a version of the Dusty Springfield song "In the Middle of Nowhere", sung by Jackie Clune. In addition to the three principal cast members, the show was written by many writers, the core of whom went on to write Green Wing and Campus.

Among the show's regular themes were unsuccessful relationships, competition in the workplace, and latent lesbianism, but sketches would also dip into the surreal. Two regular strands involved a series of different women making dating agency videos about their general likes and dislikes, and a musical parody that would close the show.