hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ravish Siddiqi
Ravish  Siddiqi (Urdu: روش صدیقی, 1911–1971) born Shahid Aziz at Jwalapur in District Saharanpur of United Provinces of Agra and Oudh on 11 July 1911 was a renowned Urdu Ghazal and Nazm writer whose forte was Romantic Poetry and Patriotic Poetry. A self-educated person he had studied and gained fluency in Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Sanskrit and English.

United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 22 March 1902 to 1937; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces (UP), by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of independent India until 1950.

It corresponded approximately to the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Uttarakhand. Allahabad served as the administrative headquarters and the capital of the province. Two years after the annexation of Oudh State in 1856, i.e. after 1858 and until 1902, the region had existed as North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Oudh being a Chief Commissionership.

Lucknow became its capital some time after 1921. Nainital was the summer capital of the province.
Yahşihan railway station
Yahşihan railway station (Turkish: Yahşihan istasyonu) is a railway station in Yahşihan, Turkey, just west of Kırıkkale. The station was built in 1924 and opened on 20 November 1925 by the Anatolian—Baghdad Railways and was one of the first railway stations built by the newly formed Republic of Turkey.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates three daily intercity trains from Ankara to Kars, Kurtalan, and Tatvan, Regional train service between Ankara and Kırıkkale was suspended in 2016, due to the construction of the Başkentray commuter rail project. When completed in mid-April 2018, regional rail service is expected to return.

Yahşihan
Yahşihan is a town in Kırıkkale Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It serves as the administrative seat of Yahşihan District. Yahşihan was elected from the AK Party in the 2024 Turkish Local Elections, with Ahmet Sungur serving as the mayor.  
According to the 2024 census, the district's total population was 38,530.
Corey Frieswyk
Corey Frieswyk (born 26 January 1994) is an Australian male BMX rider, representing his nation at international competitions. He competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships, but did not finish.

BMX racing
BMX racing is a type of bicycle racing which features BMX riders sharing a short single-lap circuit or point-to-point course, with multiple banked corners, jumps and rollers. The format of BMX was derived from motocross racing, and sanctioned internationally by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), facilitated by a number of continental, national and local sanctioning bodies.
Arkhale, Khotang
Arkhale is a town and Village Development Committee  in Khotang District in the Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census it had a population of 3,025 persons living in 575 individual households.

Khotang District
Khotang District (Nepali: खोटाङ जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district, with Diktel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,591 km2 (614 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of 206,312. The district is bordered by Bhojpur District in the east, Udayapur District in the south, Okhaldhunga District in the west and Solukhumbu District in the North. In this district there are two municipalities and eight rural/urban municipalities.
Anna Cowin
Anna Cowin is a former Lake County School District superintendent and served in the Florida State Senate. A Republican representing Leesburg in the 20th District State Senate Seat, in 2004 Cowin announced that she would not seek re-election to her seat and instead would run for Lake County Superintendent of Schools. She was succeeded by Carey Baker.

Cowin was born in Brooklyn, New York. She has a BA from the College of New Rochelle in New York (1968) and an MS from Fordham University.
She authored Kayla McKean legislation (Kayla McKean Child Protection Act).

She is married and has three children.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
1870 Nottingham by-election
The 1870 Nottingham by-election was fought on 24 February 1870.  The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Charles Ichabod Wright.  It was won by the Liberal candidate Auberon Herbert.

Auberon Herbert
Hon. Auberon Edward William Molyneux Herbert (18 June 1838 – 5 November 1906) was an English writer, theorist, philosopher, and 19th century individualist. He was a son of the 3rd Earl of Carnarvon. He was  a Liberal Member of Parliament for the two-member constituency of Nottingham from 1870 to 1874.

He promoted a classical liberal philosophy and took the ideas of Herbert Spencer a stage further by advocating voluntary-funded government that uses force only in defence of individual liberty and private property. He is known as the originator of voluntaryism.
Daniel P. Foust House
Daniel P. Foust House is a historic home located near Whitsett, Guilford County, North Carolina. It consists of a two-story, three-bay Greek Revival style block built about 1856, with a two-story, triple-gable, frame Italianate style main block built between 1867 and 1881. It features an elaborately decorated two-tiered front porch.  Also on the property is a contributing granary (c. 1860) and cold frame (c. 1880).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Guilford County, North Carolina
Guilford County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 541,299, making it the third-most populous county in North Carolina. The county seat and largest community is Greensboro. Since 1938, an additional county court has been located in High Point. The county was formed in 1771. Guilford County is included in the Greensboro-High Point, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
X/Open Transport Interface
The X/Open Transport Interface (XTI) is an Open Group specification for network application programming present in UNIX System V operating systems. It provides OSI transport layer services with protocol independence. Although Open Group considers this specification withdrawn, an implementation is part of the standard programming interfaces on modern UNIX System V operating systems where it is implemented using the STREAMS character input/output mechanism.

UNIX System V
UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T and first released in 1983. Four major versions of System V were released, numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4. System V Release 4 (SVR4) was commercially the most successful version, being the result of an effort, marketed as Unix System Unification, which solicited the collaboration of the major Unix vendors. It was the source of several common commercial Unix features. System V is sometimes abbreviated to SysV.

As of 2026, the AT&T-derived Unix market is divided between three System V variants: IBM's AIX, Oracle's Solaris, and the free-software illumos forked from OpenSolaris.
Manuel Cañete
Manuel Cañete (6 August 1822–4 November 1891) was a Spanish journalist, literary critic and playwright whose work is linked to Romanticism.

Cañete was elected to seat S of the Real Academia Española, he took up his seat on 8 December 1858.

Royal Spanish Academy
The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: Real Academia Española, pronounced [reˈal akaˈðemja espaˈɲola]; RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language.

The RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories, to ensure a common standard. The proposed language guidelines are shown in a number of works.
João Almeida (cyclist)
João Pedro Gonçalves Almeida (pronounced [ʒuˈɐ̃w alˈmɐjðɐ]; born 5 August 1998) is a Portuguese professional cyclist who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam UAE Team Emirates XRG.

Almeida rose to prominence during the 2020 Giro d'Italia, his Grand Tour debut, where he held the race leader's pink jersey for two weeks. Almeida finished the race fourth overall, the best finish at the race for a Portuguese rider. Almeida finished third at the Giro in 2023, also winning a stage and the young rider classification, and has won four UCI WorldTour stage races: the 2021 Tour de Pologne, 2025 Tour of the Basque Country, 2025 Tour de Romandie and 2025 Tour de Suisse.

2025 Tour of the Basque Country
The 2025 Tour of the Basque Country (officially known as Itzulia Basque Country 2025) was a road cycling stage race that took place between 7 and 12 April in the Basque region in northern Spain. It was the 64th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country and the 15th race of the 2025 UCI World Tour.
Give My Life
"Give My Life" is a song written by Alexander Bard and Tim Norell from Norell Oson Bard and Jean-Pierre Barda. It was recorded by the Swedish group Army of Lovers, and released in September 1995 by Stockholm Records as the first single from their first compilation album, Les Greatest Hits (1995). It also was their first single after the return of La Camilla Henemark to the group, scoring a 1995/1996 hit. The single charted for 18 weeks in Sweden and 23 weeks in the Netherlands. It also charted on the Swedish Trackslistan and reached number 135 on the UK Singles Chart.

Jean-Pierre Barda
Michel Jean-Pierre Barda (Hebrew: ז'אן פייר ברדה; born 7 March 1965) is a Swedish and Israeli singer, actor, make up artist and hair dresser of French/Algerian Jewish descent. He is one of the founding members of the pop group Army of Lovers.
Fuzzy rule
Fuzzy rules are used within fuzzy logic systems to infer an output based on input variables. Modus ponens and modus tollens are the most important rules of inference.  A modus ponens rule is in the form

Premise: x is A

Implication: IF x is A THEN y is B

Consequent: y is B

In crisp logic, the premise x is A can only be true or false. However, in a fuzzy rule, the premise x is A and the consequent y is B can be true to a degree, instead of entirely true or entirely false. This is achieved by representing the linguistic variables A and B using fuzzy sets. In a fuzzy rule, modus ponens is extended to generalised modus ponens:.

Premise: x is A*

Implication: IF x is A THEN y is B

Consequent: y is B*

The key difference is that the premise x is A can be only partially true. As a result, the consequent y is B is also partially true. Truth is represented as a real number between 0 and 1, where 0 is false and 1 is true.

Modus tollens
In propositional logic, modus tollens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈtɒlɛnz/) (MT), also known as modus tollendo tollens (Latin for "mode that by denying denies") and denying the consequent, is a deductive argument form and a rule of inference. Modus tollens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism that takes the form of "If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore, not P." It is an application of the general truth that if a statement is true, then so is its contrapositive. The form shows that inference from P implies Q to the negation of Q implies the negation of P is a valid argument.

The history of the inference rule modus tollens goes back to antiquity. The first to explicitly describe the argument form modus tollens was Theophrastus.

Modus tollens is closely related to modus ponens. There are two similar, but invalid, forms of argument: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent.  See also contraposition and proof by contrapositive.
Giants of Rock
Giants of Rock was an annual hard rock and heavy metal festival in Hämeenlinna, Finland. It was held from 1987 to 1992 at Ahvenisto Race Circuit. The 1992 festival caused financial losses for organizers due to cancellations of some headlining acts. The last festival was arranged in 1994 as Power of Rock.

In 1988 Motörhead recorded their performance. It was later released as the band's second live album Nö Sleep at All.

Ahvenisto Race Circuit
Ahvenisto Race Circuit (Finnish: Ahveniston moottorirata) is a motor racing circuit located in Hämeenlinna, Finland. The circuit is 2.840 km (1.765 mi) long. It features a total elevation change of 32 metres (105 ft), its main straight is 0.280 km (0.174 mi) in length and its width varies between 9 and 17 metres (30 and 56 ft).
Its elevation changes, short or sometimes inexistent run-off areas, and numerous fast bends have led to some to suggest that it is the hardest and most dangerous race track in Finland, or even one of the most challenging in the world.
North Yorkshire (district)
North Yorkshire (legally, the County of North Yorkshire) is a non-metropolitan county and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It covers the majority of the North York Moors, the Vale of Mowbray and Vale of York, and the Yorkshire Dales. It does not include the north-east of the ceremonial county or the unitary authority area of York. The largest settlement is Harrogate, and the administrative centre is Northallerton. North Yorkshire is the largest local government area in England, with an area of 3,103 square miles (8,037 km2).

North York Moors
The North York Moors is an upland area and national park in North Yorkshire, England. It contains one of the largest expanses of heather moorland in the United Kingdom.

The area was designated a national park in 1952, through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The park covers an area of 554 sq mi (1,430 km2), and had a population of 22,935 at the 2021 census. It is administered by the North York Moors National Park Authority, which is based in Helmsley.
The Count of Luxembourg (1926 film)
The Count of Luxembourg is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Arthur Gregor and starring George Walsh, Helen Lee Worthing, and Michael Dark. It is based on the plot of Franz Lehar's operetta, The Count of Luxembourg.

George Walsh
George Frederick Walsh (March 16, 1889 – June 13, 1981) was an American actor. An athlete who became an actor and later returned to sport, he enjoyed 40 years of fame and was a performer with dual appeal, with women loving his sexy charm and men appreciating his manly bravura.

Known variously as "the Laughing Athletic Thunderbolt", "the Apollo of the Silver Sheet", "the Screen's Greatest Athlete" and "the King of Smiles", Walsh's movie career stretched from the start of true US filmmaking to the Golden Era (22 years) during which time he was featured in approximately 80 productions. He was attached to such studios as Mutual, Chadwick, Triangle, Fox, Universal, Goldwyn, United Artists, and Paramount.
Hélcio Milito
Hélcio Paschoal Milito (born February 4, 1931 - died June 7, 2014) was a Brazilian jazz samba/bossa nova drummer who has worked with musicians like Luiz Bonfá, João Gilberto, Astrud Gilberto, Aparecida, and Luíz Eça. He has also helped make film scores for several Brazilian movies. He has been known to perform in several Latin music mediums, including Choro.

Choro
Choro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃoɾu], "cry" or "lament"), also popularly called chorinho ("little cry" or "little lament"), is an instrumental Brazilian popular music genre which originated in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. Despite its name, the music often has a fast and happy rhythm. It is characterized by virtuosity, improvisation and subtle modulations, and is full of syncopation and counterpoint. Choro is considered the first characteristically Brazilian genre of urban popular music. The serenaders who play choros are known as chorões.
Fritz (company)
FRITZ! GmbH (known as AVM GmbH until July 2025) is a consumer electronics company founded in 1986 in Berlin, Germany. The company produces communications, networking devices such as DSL, ISDN, wireless and VoIP products.

It had sales of €620 million in 2022 with 880 employees achieving an estimated profit between €80 and €90 million.  It is well known for its popular FRITZ!Box series.

Networking hardware
Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts, end systems or data terminal equipment.
USS Paul Jones (1862)
USS Paul Jones was a large 1,210-ton sidewheel, double-ended, steam gunboat of the Union Navy that served during the American Civil War. She carried heavy guns and was assigned to the Union blockade of the waterways of the Confederate States of America.

During her tour of duty, she captured blockade runners and bombarded Confederate shore installations. Post-war, she served in the Gulf of Mexico for two years before being decommissioned.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Katja Lavonius
Katja Lavonius (born 6 April 1965) is a Finnish retired ice hockey player and former general manager of the Espoo Blues Naiset. As a member of the Finnish national ice hockey team, she won bronze medals at the IIHF Women's World Championships in 1990 and 1994, and gold medals at the IIHF European Women Championships in 1991 and 1993.

IIHF European Women Championships
The IIHF European Women Championships is a former international women's ice hockey tournament between ice hockey playing nations in Europe. Finland's national women's team won the championship title four times and Sweden women's national ice hockey team won it once in 1996, the final year the competition took place.

The European competition was organized by International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and was played from 1989 to 1996. An international women's ice hockey competition sanctioned by the IIHF began in 1990. The European tournament ceased in 1997 because there would be either an IIHF World Women's Championships or an Olympic tournament every year.
Haro Senft
Haro Senft (27 September 1928, Budweis, Czechoslovakia (now České Budějovice, Czech Republic – 4 February 2016, Munich) was a German filmmaker who was one of the founders of the New German Cinema movement. His short documentary film Kahl about the Kahl Nuclear Power Plant received an Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject nomination in 1961. In 2013, he received the Berlinale Camera award at the Berlin International Film Festival.

České Budějovice
České Budějovice (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Budweis) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.

České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Diocese of České Budějovice and the University of South Bohemia. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Marjorie Lees
Marjorie Berman Lees (1923–2012) was an American neuroscientist who was emeritus professor of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical School. Her research considered neurobiology and biochemistry. She was the first to identify the Folch-Lees proteolipid. She served as president of the American Society for Neurochemistry in 1983.

Analytical Biochemistry
Analytical Biochemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1960. It covers the field of biochemistry. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 2.219.
Japanese submarine I-2
I-2 was an Imperial Japanese Navy J1 type cruiser submarine commissioned in 1926. She served in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. During the latter conflict she operated in support of the attack on Pearl Harbor, conducted anti-shipping patrols in the Indian Ocean, supported the Indian Ocean raid, and took part in the Aleutian Islands campaign, the Guadalcanal campaign, Operation Ke, and the New Guinea campaign before she was sunk in April 1944.

Cruiser submarine
A cruiser submarine was a very large submarine designed to remain at sea for extended periods in areas distant from base facilities. Their role was analogous to surface cruisers; 'cruising' distant waters, commerce raiding, and otherwise operating independently. When operating in a fleet, cruisers and cruiser submarines were expected to scout for and screen the battle fleet. Cruiser submarines were successful for a brief period of World War I, but were less successful than smaller submarines during World War II. Large submarines remained vulnerable to damage from defensively equipped merchant ships (DEMS), were slow to dive if found by aircraft, offered a large sonar echo surface, and were less able to defensively maneuver during depth charge attacks.
Flammes Carolo Basket
The Flammes Carolo Basket Ardennes is a French professional women's basketball club from Charleville-Mezieres, that currently plays in the La Boulangère Wonderligue (French's first division for women's basketball).

Ligue Féminine de Basketball
The Ligue Féminine de Basketball (LFB; Women's Basketball League) is the top women's French professional basketball league. The LFB authorities announced that the championship is renamed La Boulangère Wonderligue (LBWL) as for the seasons 2024-2025 to 2026-2027.
Lynnwood, Edmonton
Lynnwood is a residential neighbourhood in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  It is near downtown, the University of Alberta, MacEwan College, and West Edmonton Mall.  It became a part of Edmonton when the Town of Jasper Place amalgamated with Edmonton in 1964.

The neighbourhood is bounded on the east by 149 Street (part of which was renamed "Lynnwood Way"), on the south by Whitemud Drive, on the west by 159 Street, and on the north by 87 Avenue.

The community is represented by the Lynnwood Community League, established in 1960, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located at 15525 84 Avenue NW.

MacEwan University
Grant MacEwan University, commonly known as MacEwan University, is a public university located in downtown Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Originally established as a community college which was named in honour of Dr. Grant MacEwan, 9th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta in 1971, Grant MacEwan College officially transitioned into a university in 2009 under the Post-Secondary Learning Act. While the university's name was rebranded as MacEwan University for public communication and marketing purposes in 2013, its official name remains Grant MacEwan University. MacEwan university offers a wide range of programs and is home to six faculties and schools, providing nearly 60 programs including baccalaureate degrees, certificates, diplomas, post-diplomas and university transfer programs.