hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ignacio González-Llubera
Ignacio Miguel González-Llubera (1893–1962) was a Spanish literary scholar, specialising in Judaeo-Spanish literature. Born in Barcelona, he was educated at the Colegio del Sagrado Corazón, the University of Barcelona (for his undergraduate degree) and the University of Madrid (for his doctorate in Semitic studies). He then studied in Madrid, Paris, London and Cambridge before he was appointed the first lecturer in Spanish at Queen's University Belfast in 1920. He was appointed its first Professor of Spanish in 1926, a chair he held until he retired in 1960.

Semitic studies
Semitic studies, or Semitology, is the academic field dedicated to the studies of Semitic languages and literatures and the history of the Semitic-speaking peoples. A person may be called a Semiticist or a Semitist, both terms being equivalent.

It includes Assyriology, Aramaic, Arabic, Hebraic, and Ethiopian studies, as well as comparative studies of Semitic languages aiming at the reconstruction of Proto-Semitic.
Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli
Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-‘Abbās al-Ṣūlī (Arabic: أبو بكر محمد بن يحيى بن العباس الصولي) (born c. 870 Gorgan – died between 941 and 948 Basra) was a Turkic scholar and a court companion of three Abbāsid caliphs: al-Muktafī, his successor al-Muqtadir, and later, al-Radi, whom he also tutored. He was a bibliophile, wrote letters, editor-poet, chronicler, and a shatranj (chess) player. His contemporary biographer Isḥāq al-Nadīm tells us he was "of manly bearing." He wrote many books, the most famous of which are Kitāb Al-Awrāq and Kitāb al-Shiṭranj.

Gorgan
Gorgan (Persian: گرگان; [ɡoɾˈɡɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Gorgan County, Golestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It lies approximately 400 km (250 mi) to the northeast of the national capital Tehran, and some 30 km (19 mi) away from the Caspian Sea.
Fay Grim
Fay Grim is a 2006 espionage thriller film written and directed by Hal Hartley. The film is a sequel to Hartley's 1997 film Henry Fool, and revolves around the title character, played by Parker Posey, the sister of Simon Grim (James Urbaniak).  The plot revolves around Fay's attempt to unravel an increasingly violent mystery in Europe.

Hartley began writing the script in 2002, and filming took place in Europe from January to March 2006. It premiered in September at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival, and received a theatrical release in the United States on May 18, 2007. The film was shot almost entirely in Dutch angles, meaning the vast majority of shots are framed diagonally, or "tilted".  At the 2007 Sundance Film Festival, Hartley revealed that the two shots in the film's final cut that are not "Dutched" occurred when he and the film crew forgot to tilt the camera.

A sequel, Ned Rifle, was released in 2014.

Spy fiction
Spy fiction is a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device. It emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligence agencies. It was given new impetus by the development of communism and fascism in the lead-up to World War II, continued to develop during the Cold War, and received a fresh impetus from the emergence of rogue states, international criminal organizations, global terrorist networks, maritime piracy and technological sabotage and espionage as potent threats to Western societies.  As a genre, spy fiction is thematically related to the novel of adventure (The Prisoner of Zenda, 1894, The Scarlet Pimpernel, 1905), the thriller (such as the works of Edgar Wallace) and the politico-military thriller (The Schirmer Inheritance, 1953, The Quiet American, 1955).
Norma Smith
Norma Ruth Smith (née Creighton; born October 8, 1951) is an American politician of the Republican Party. She was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 10th Legislative District from 2008 to 2021.

Washington's 10th legislative district
Washington's 10th legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature. The district includes all of Island County, the northwestern tip of Snohomish, and the southwestern part of Skagit counties. Cities in the district include Oak Harbor, Coupeville, Langley, Mount Vernon, La Conner, and Stanwood.

The mostly rural district is represented by state senator Ron Muzzall (R) and state representatives Clyde Shavers (D; position 1), and Dave Paul (D; position 2).
Weser Tunnel
The Wesertunnel crosses the river Weser in northwestern Germany between the villages of Rodenkirchen and Dedesdorf, offering a connection between the cities of Nordenham and Bremerhaven on a regional level.

It was built from 1998 to 2004 and connects the districts of Wesermarsch and Cuxhaven by means of the B 437, providing easy access to the A 27 motorway and the B 212.

In the long run it will be part of the planned A 22, 2010 renamed A 20 as prospective part of the Ostsee- or Küstenautobahn (Baltic or Coastal Freeway).

53°26′07″N 8°29′39″E﻿ / ﻿53.43528°N 8.49417°E﻿ / 53.43528; 8.49417

Bundesautobahn 27
Bundesautobahn 27 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 27, short form Autobahn 27, abbreviated as BAB 27 or A 27) branches off the A 7 at Autobahndreieck Walsrode to the northwest, crossing A 1 at the Bremer Kreuz and continuing eastwards of Bremen, toward Cuxhaven. It also serves as European route E234, a B Class road on the International E-road network.

Due to the large ports (especially in Bremerhaven) alongside the Autobahn, there is heavy truck traffic.

Its northernmost part, between Bremen and Cuxhaven, largely replaced the Bundesstraße 6, although some maps still show the B 6 within the city limits of Bremerhaven.
Holmes rebound phenomenon
The Holmes rebound phenomenon is a reflex that occurs when one attempts to move a limb against resistance that is suddenly removed. When the resistance is removed, the limb will usually move a short distance in the original direction, at which point the antagonist muscles will contract, causing the muscle to yank back in the opposite direction. The phenomenon will be present in limbs unaffected by disease or illness, and strongly exaggerated in limbs exhibiting signs of spasticity. A complete absence of the phenomenon (that is, a failure of the antagonist muscles to contract) may indicate the presence of cerebellar disease. Therefore, an awareness of the phenomenon can assist in the diagnoses of both types of disorders.

The phenomenon was first described by Gordon Morgan Holmes and Thomas Grainger Stewart in a paper published in 1904, though it was not named until a 1917 paper published by Holmes.

Thomas Grainger Stewart
Sir Thomas Grainger Stewart FRSE FRCPE (23 September 1837, in Edinburgh – 3 February 1900, in Edinburgh) was an eminent Scottish physician who served as president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1889–1891), president of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh, president of the medicine section of the British Medical Association, and Physician-in-Ordinary to the Queen for Scotland. He was perhaps best known for describing the condition known as multiple neuritis as well as directing scientific attention in Great Britain to the deep reflexes.
Spirit of Aggieland
The Spirit of Aggieland is the  alma mater of the Texas A&M University. It was originally written as a poem by Marvin H. Mimms while he was a student at Texas A&M. Richard J. Dunn, the director of the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band at the time, composed the music. Students, faculty, and former students of the A&M sing the song at Aggie sporting events, Muster, and other events.

The song was used as a wakeup call on Day 10 of space mission STS-124 for Texas A&M former student and mission specialist Mike Fossum.

Michael E. Fossum
Michael Edward Fossum (born December 19, 1957, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota) is a former American astronaut, engineer, and the Chief Operating Officer of Texas A&M University at Galveston. He flew into space on board the NASA Space Shuttle missions STS-121 and STS-124 and served as a mission specialist of Expedition 28 and commander of Expedition 29 aboard the International Space Station.
2001 Liberty Bowl
The 2001 AXA Liberty Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game played on December 31, 2001, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. The 43rd edition of the Liberty Bowl featured the Louisville Cardinals and the BYU Cougars. 
The game was sponsored by the Axa Equitable Life Insurance Company and was branded as the AXA Liberty Bowl. Louisville won the game, 28–10.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.
Masatoshi Yoshino
Masatoshi Yoshino (吉野 正敏, Yoshino Masatoshi; January 1, 1928 – July 4, 2017) was a Japanese physical geographer and climatologist. He served as the founder and chairman of the International Geographical Union's (IGU) Commission on Climatology from 1988 to 1992, as well as the Vice President of the IGU from 1992 until 1996. He was a full professor at Hosei University (1969–1974), University of Tsukuba (1974–1991) and Aichi University (1991–1998).

In 1980, Yoshino served as the Secretary General of the International Geographical Congress' conference in Tokyo. He had been a foreign honorary member of the Romanian Academy since 1992, and a recipient of the IGU's Lauréat d'Honneur award in 2000. He died on July 4, 2017, at the age of 89.

Hosei University
Hosei University (法政大学, Hōsei Daigaku; lit. University of Law and Politics) formerly known as Tokyo University of Law (東京法学社, Tokyo Hogakusha) is a research university in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Hosei University and four other private universities in Tokyo are collectively known as MARCH.

The university is also a member of the Tokyo Big6 (東京六大学, Tokyo Roku Daigaku), which refers to six universities in Tokyo known for their historic rivalry in baseball. The Tokyo Big6 Baseball League was established in 1925. The league is known for players who go on to have careers in Japan's professional baseball leagues.

Hosei University is a member of the Top Global University Project (Top Type), funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in 2014. This program supports universities aiming to enhance their global competitiveness and internationalization.
C. H. Jaeger
Lieutenant Colonel Cecil Harry "Jiggs" Jaeger, OBE  (29 April 1913  – 27 September 1970) was a British military band leader.

Jaeger was born in Elham, Kent, the son of a German father, Heinrich Jaeger, and English mother, Mina Pickering. He joined the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry at the age of 14. During World War II, he served  in Italy, Greece and Austria, as the bandmaster of the 4th Hussars.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 18 November 1968. At that time he was Senior Director of Music in the Brigade of Guards, a post he had held since 1949.

He was an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

He died in Richmond upon Thames, aged 57.

4th Queen's Own Hussars
The 4th Queen's Own Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1685. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War and the Second World War. It amalgamated with the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, to form the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars in 1958.
Chicago Rockers
The Chicago Rockers were a men's professional basketball team based in Chicago from 1994 to 1996. The Rockers competed in the American Conference of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA). The team was owned by Chris Devine, a Chicago businessman. Home games were played at UIC Pavilion.

John Treloar served as the Rockers head coach during the 1994–95 season. Former Chicago Bulls player Dave Corzine was hired as the head coach for the 1995–96 season.

The team was relocated to Chicago from Wichita Falls, Texas where the team was playing as the Texans from 1988 to 1994. After a financially tumultuous season in 1995–96 the team relocated to La Crosse, Wisconsin and renamed the Bobcats.

Pittsburgh Piranhas
The Pittsburgh Piranhas was a semi-pro basketball team that began in 1994 as part of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA). The team played its home games at the A.J. Palumbo Center at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. From 1983 to 1985 the Piranhas were known as the Louisville Catbirds and then the La Crosse Catbirds from 1985 until moving to Pittsburgh in 1994. During their first year in Pittsburgh, the Piranhas made it to the CBA Championship. The team was defeated in a best of seven series against the Yakima Sun Kings.

The team lasted one season.
Amerio
Amerio or Amério is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Luigi Amerio (1912–2004), Italian electrical engineer and mathematician

Romano Amerio (1905–1997), Swiss Roman Catholic theologian

Sandy Amerio (born 1973), French film director

Luigi Amerio
Luigi Amerio (15 August 1912 – 28 September 2004), was an Italian electrical engineer and mathematician. He is known for his work on almost periodic functions, on Laplace transforms in one and several dimensions, and on the theory of elliptic partial differential equations.
Therese Murray
Therese Murray (born October 10, 1947 in Boston) is an American politician who served as President of the Massachusetts Senate from 2007 to 2015. Murray, a Democrat, was the first woman to lead a house of the Massachusetts General Court. She represented the Plymouth and Barnstable district in the Massachusetts Senate from 1993 to 2015.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Independent dominating set
In graph theory, an independent dominating set for a graph  is a subset  that is both a dominating set and an independent set; equivalently, it is a maximal independent set.

The independent domination number  of a graph  is the size of the smallest independent dominating set (equivalently, the smallest maximal independent set). The notation  was introduced by Cockayne and Hedetniemi.

Corona product
In graph theory, the corona product of graphs G and H, denoted , can be obtained by taking one copy of G, called the center graph, and a number of copies of H equal to the order of G. Then, each copy of H is assigned a vertex in G, and that one vertex is attached to each vertex in its corresponding H copy by an edge.

The star edge coloring of a graph G is a proper edge coloring without bichromatic paths and cycles of length four, similar to the star coloring of a graph, but coloring the edges instead of the vertices. The star edge chromatic index  of the corona product of a path graph with cycle, wheel, helm and gear graphs are known.
1973 World Championship for Makes
The 1973 World Sportscar Championship season was the 21st season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured the 1973 World Championship for Makes and the 1973 Cup for GT Cars which were contested concurrently over a ten race series. The World Championship for Makes, which was open to Group 5 Sports Cars and Group 4 GT Cars, was won by Matra and the Cup for GT Cars, which was open only to Group 4 GT Cars, was won by Porsche.

Group 5 (motorsport)
Group 5 was an FIA motor racing classification which was applied to four distinct categories during the years 1966 to 1982. Initially Group 5 regulations defined a Special Touring Car category and from 1970 to 1971 the classification was applied to limited production Sports Cars restricted to 5 litre engine capacity. The Group 5 Sports Car category was redefined in 1972 to exclude the minimum production requirement and limit engine capacity to 3 litres. From 1976 to 1982 Group 5 was for Special Production Cars, a liberal silhouette formula based on homologated production vehicles.
Mutalyzer
Mutalyzer is a web-based software tool which was primarily developed to check the description of sequence variants identified in a gene during genetic testing. Mutalyzer applies the rules of the standard human sequence variant nomenclature and can correct descriptions accordingly. Apart from the sequence variant description, Mutalyzer requires a DNA sequence record containing the transcript and protein feature annotation as a reference. Mutalyzer 2 accepts GenBank and Locus Reference Genomic (LRG) records. The annotation is also used to apply the correct codon translation tables and generate DNA and protein variant descriptions for any organism. The Mutalyzer server supports programmatic access via a SOAP Web service described in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and an HTTP/RPC+JSON web service.

JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced /ˈdʒeɪsən/ or /ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn/) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). It is a commonly used data format with diverse  uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.

JSON is a programming language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON filenames use the extension .json.

Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. They and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001.
Cherrier
Cherrier is the French surname of the following persons:

Beatrice Cherrier, French historian of economics

Côme-Séraphin Cherrier (Lower Canada politician) (1798–1885), a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada

Côme-Séraphin Cherrier (Quebec politician) (1848–1912), a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec

François-Pierre Cherrier (1717–1793), a French-born merchant and notary in Lower Canada.

Lionel Cherrier (born 1929), a New Caledonian politician.

Séraphin Cherrier (1762–1843), a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada

Côme-Séraphin Cherrier (Quebec politician)
Côme-Séraphin Cherrier (4 April 1848 – 29 November 1912) was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 1897 Quebec general election for the Quebec Liberal Party in Laprairie electoral district.  He was re-elected in 1900 and 1904, but was defeated in 1908.
2005 East Asian Football Championship
The 2005 EAFF East Asian Football Championship was a football competition between teams from East Asian countries and territories held from 31 July to 7 August 2005 in South Korea, with the qualifiers held in Taiwan in March 2005.

China PR, South Korea, and Japan were the automatic finalists. The fourth finalist spot was competed among North Korea, Guam, Hong Kong, Chinese Taipei, and Mongolia. North Korea was the winner in the qualifiers.

EAFF E-1 Football Championship
EAFF E-1 Football Championship, known as the East Asian Football Championship from 2003 to 2010, and the EAFF East Asian Cup for the 2013 and 2015 editions, is a men's international football competition in East Asia for member nations of the East Asian Football Federation (EAFF). Before the EAFF was founded in 2002, the Dynasty Cup was held between the East Asian top four teams, and was regarded as the East Asian Championship. There is a separate competition for men (first held in 2003) and women (first held in 2005).

The most recent edition was held in 2025 in Korea.
Gerti Pertlwieser
Gerti Pertlwieser was an Austrian slalom canoeist who competed in the late 1940s and the early 1950s. She won four medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with three golds (Folding K-1: 1951; Folding K-1 team: 1949, 1951) and a bronze (Folding K-1: 1949).

Her granddaughter Stephanie Vock is an Austrian tennis player.

1949 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1949 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Geneva, Switzerland under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the inaugural edition.

Eight sets of medals were awarded. There were four individual events and four team events. The team events were just combined times of three selected athletes or crews from the individual events. Only two teams were classified in the men's C1 team, men's C2 team and women's folding K1 team events.
Herøyfjorden
Herøyfjorden is a fjord which bisects Herøy Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The fjord is about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide, between the islands of Bergsøya and Gurskøya. The fjord has a maximum depth of 175 metres (574 ft).

The fjord has many islands located within it including Herøya and Nautøya in the east. The Flåvær islands are located in the central part of the Herøyfjorden. It is a group of islets and skerries including Flåvær, Husholmen, Torvholmen and Varholmen. The Flåvær Lighthouse is located on Varholmen.

The village of Eggesbønes lies on the north shore of the fjord, just south of the town of Fosnavåg.

Skerry
A skerry (/ˈskɛri/ SKERR-ee) is a small rocky island, or islet, usually too small for human habitation. It may simply be a rocky reef. A skerry can also be called a low sea stack.

Skerries may have vegetative life such as moss and small, hardy grasses. They are often used as resting places by animals such as seals and birds.
Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig
Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig (1 September 1899 – 20 October 1946) was a German Army Oberst (colonel) who transferred to the Waffen-SS during World War II and commanded the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) in 1943–1944, and the IX Waffen Mountain Corps of the SS (Croatian) in 1944–1945, reaching the rank of SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS. He returned to the Wehrmacht in January 1945 and was appointed as a Generalleutnant to command a corps within Army Group H in northern Germany. Faced with the prospect of being  extradited to Yugoslavia to stand trial for war crimes, Sauberzweig committed suicide in Allied captivity in 1946.

Brigadeführer
Brigadeführer (German: [bʁiˈɡaːdəfyːʁɐ], lit. 'brigade leader') was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between 1932 and 1945.  It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as Untergruppenführer in late 1929 and 1930.