hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Strigulaceae
Strigulaceae is a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi, one of two families in the order Strigulales (class Dothideomycetes). A molecular analysis of the type genus, Strigula, has led to a reallocation of the foliicolous species into six genera that correspond to well-delimited clades with diagnostic phenotype features. These lichens live almost exclusively in tropical rainforests, where they grow as thin films on the surface of living leaves rather than on bark or rock like many other lichens. The family includes around 140 species distributed across multiple continents, making them one of the most widespread groups of leaf-dwelling organisms. DNA studies have revealed that what scientists once thought was a single large genus actually represents several distinct evolutionary lineages.

Foliicolous lichen
A foliicolous lichen  is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
Economic and Social Research Council
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding and support for research and training in the social sciences. It is the UK's largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues.

Michael Posner (economist)
Michael Vivian Posner CBE (25 August 1931 – 14 February 2006) was a University of Cambridge economics lecturer turned government adviser, who later worked to safeguard social science research in the United Kingdom.
Paul A. Catlin
Paul Allen Catlin ((1948-06-25)June 25, 1948 – (1995-04-20)April 20, 1995) was a mathematician, professor of mathematics who worked in graph theory and number theory. He wrote a significant paper on the series of chromatic numbers and Brooks' theorem, titled  Hajós graph coloring conjecture: variations and counterexamples.

Journal of Graph Theory
The Journal of Graph Theory is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal specializing in graph theory and related areas, such as structural results about graphs, graph algorithms with theoretical emphasis, and discrete optimization on graphs.

The scope of the journal also includes related areas in combinatorics and the interaction of graph theory with other mathematical sciences. It is  published by John Wiley & Sons. The journal was established in 1977 by Frank Harary. The editors-in-chief are  Paul Seymour (Princeton University) and Carsten Thomassen (Technical University of Denmark).
Fina Kurreeman
Fina Kurreeman is a Mauritian-Dutch medical geneticist and professor of rheumatology at the Leiden University Medical Center. Kurreeman has authored 52 papers and received more than 6000 citations for her work in the genetic basis of Inflammatory disorders, in particular studying the role of non-coding RNA in disease pathologies. She was awarded a 2011 Leiden University Medical Center Fellowship.

Rheumatology
Rheumatology (from Ancient Greek  ῥεῦμα (rheûma) 'flowing current') is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and management of disorders of which the common feature is inflammation in the bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs. Rheumatology covers more than 100 different complex diseases, collectively known as rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren's syndrome. Doctors who have undergone formal training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists.

Many of these diseases are now known to be disorders of the immune system, and rheumatology has significant overlap with immunology, the branch of medicine that studies the immune system.
Peckoltia braueri
Peckoltia braueri is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Rio Negro and the Branco River. It is typically found among large boulders in fast-moving riffles. The species reaches 10.3 cm (4.1 inches) SL.

P. braueri appears in the aquarium trade, where it is referred to either as the worm-line peckoltia or by one of three associated L-numbers, which are L-121, L-135, and L-305.

Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro (Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge. It originates in the tepuis of the department of Guainía, Colombia, and then flows southeastward before finally entering Brazil. Despite its high flow, the Rio Negro has a low sediment load (5.76 million tonnes per year on average in Manaus).
Prediction
A prediction (from Latin  prae- 'before' and  dictum 'something said') or  forecast is a statement about a future event or about future data. Predictions are often, but not always, based upon experience or knowledge of forecasters. There is no universal agreement about the exact difference between "prediction" and "estimation"; different authors and disciplines ascribe different connotations.

Future events are necessarily uncertain, so guaranteed accurate information about the future is impossible. Prediction can be useful to assist in making plans about possible developments.

Failure cause
Failure causes are defects in design, process, quality, or part application, which are the underlying cause of a failure or which initiate a process which leads to failure. Where failure depends on the user of the product or process, then human error must be considered.
Operation Gang Bust
On 13 January 2026, multiple Indian state police agencies, led by the Delhi Police, launched a 48-hour gang-crackdown operation.  Around 9,000 police men from the Delhi Police, Haryana Police, Punjab Police, Himachal Pradesh Police, Rajasthan Police, and Uttar Pradesh Police carried out the operation in their respective districts. The agencies have reported the arrests of 854 people, including 280 known gangsters. Another 6,494 suspects were brought into questioning by the police. The police have also seized around 300 illegal arms, 130 rounds of ammunition, and Rs 25 lakh of cash from the arrested.

Punjab Police (India)
The Punjab Police (PP) is the police agency responsible for law enforcement and investigations within the state of Punjab, India. The Punjab Police has a broad array of specialised services, including the prevention and detection of crime, maintenance of law and order and the enforcement of the Constitution of India.
Its headquarters are located at Jan Marg, Chandigarh. On 7 September 2011, Punjab Police started a video conferencing service to redress problems of NRIs. The present DGP of the Punjab Police is Gaurav Yadav. He is an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the 1992 batch.
Chile at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Chile competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. The nation returned to the Summer Games after participating in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. 52 competitors, 50 men and 2 women, took part in 25 events in 8 sports.

Fernando Vera
Fernando Vera (born 4 February 1954) is a Chilean former cyclist. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Vera tested positive for a prohibited substance at the 1983 Pan American Games and was disqualified.
Tuzkol, Mendykara District
Tuzkol (Kazakh: Тұзкөл) is a salt lake in Mendykara District, Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake lies roughly 30 kilometers (19 mi) ENE of Borovskoy, the district capital, 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) northeast of Sosna and 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) north of Aksuat.

Borovskoy, Kazakhstan
Borovskoy (Kazakh: Боровской) is a village in the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Mendykara District and of the Borovskoy Rural District (KATO code - 395630100). Population: 9,781 (2009 census results); 10,025 (1999 census results).
The New Force (TV series)
The New Force (Swedish: Skiftet, lit. 'The Shift') is a Swedish drama series created by Patrik Ehrnst and Rojda Sekersöz. Set in 1958, it follows a trio of Sweden's first female police officers (Josefin Asplund, Agnes Rase, Malin Persson) as they patrol in Klara, Stockholm. The series was filmed in Norrköping, and produced by Cecilia Forsberg Becker from Art & Bob. It was the first Swedish period drama produced for Netflix.

The lead roles were played by Josefin Asplund, Agnes Rase, and Malin Persson. The New Force premiered on Netflix on 3 October 2025 and received mixed to negative reviews from critics.

Klara, Stockholm
59°19′55″N 18°03′04″E﻿ / ﻿59.33181°N 18.05111°E﻿ / 59.33181; 18.05111

Klara (Swedish: Klarakvarteren, lit. 'Klara quarters') is a part of lower Norrmalm in the central part of Stockholm. It has its name from Klara Church. Today the name, though not often used in daily speech, has become synonymous with the old city that once occupied lower Norrmalm.
Henry Clegg
Henry Clegg (8 December 1850 – 30 December 1920) was an English first-class cricketer, who played six matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1881.  He also appeared for T Emmett's XI in first-class matches in 1881 and 1883.

Born in Birstall, near Batley, Yorkshire, England, Clegg was a right hand batsman, who scored 96 runs at 10.66,  with a top score of 27. He also played for Northumberland in the Minor Counties Cricket Championship in 1884.  He played for the Dewsbury and Savile club in the 1890s, and spent a year at Little Lever C.C. in Bolton, as joint groundsman.  He worked as a woollen cloth finisher, according to the census of 1881, and had a wife, Hannah and a son, James.

Clegg died aged 70, in December 1920, in Dewsbury, Yorkshire.

Northumberland County Cricket Club
Northumberland County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England, and Wales. It represents the historic county of Northumberland.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Northumberland played List A matches occasionally from 1971 until 2005, but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is based at Osborne Avenue, Jesmond and also plays matches around the county at Benwell Park and at the South Northumberland CC ground at Gosforth.
Mario Camus
Mario Camus García (20 April 1935 – 18 September 2021) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter. He won the  Golden Bear at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival with La colmena. His 1987 film The House of Bernarda Alba was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival and in the main competition at the 15th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1993 film Shadows in a Conflict was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.

1987 Cannes Film Festival
The 40th Cannes Film Festival took place from 7 to 19 May 1987. French-Italian actor Yves Montand served as jury president for the main competition.

French filmmaker Maurice Pialat won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Under the Sun of Satan, a choice which critics considered "highly controversial" and the prize was given under the jeers of the public. Pialat is quoted to have retorted "You don't like me? Well, let me tell you that I don't like you either!"

The festival opened with A Man in Love by Diane Kurys, and closed with Aria by Robert Altman, Bruce Beresford, Bill Bryden, Jean-Luc Godard, Derek Jarman, Franc Roddam, Nicolas Roeg, Ken Russell, Charles Sturridge and Julien Temple.
Pervukhin
Pervukhin (Russian: Перву́хин), female form Pervukhina (Russian: Перву́хина) is a Russian surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Ilya Pervukhin (born 1991), Russian canoeist

Konstantin Pervukhin (1863–1915), Russian painter

Mikhail Pervukhin (1904–1978), Soviet official

Vasili Pervukhin (born 1956), Russian ice hockey player

Mikhail Pervukhin
Mikhail Georgiyevich Pervukhin (Russian: Михаи́л Гео́ргиевич Перву́хин; 14 October [O.S. 1 October] 1904 – 22 July 1978) was a Soviet politician and an engineer who served as people's commissar for various commissions under Stalin and Khrushchev presidiums.

He served as a First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1955 to 1957.
Fasten Your Seatbelts
Fasten Your Seatbelts (Italian: Allacciate le cinture) is a 2014 Italian drama film written and directed by Ferzan Özpetek. For their performances in this film  Kasia Smutniak and Paola Minaccioni won the Nastro d'Argento Awards for best actress and best supporting actress respectively.

Nastro d'Argento
The Nastro d'Argento (plural: Nastri d'Argento; English: Silver Ribbon) is an Italian film award, held since 1946 by the Sindacato Nazionale Giornalisti Cinematografici Italiani (Italian National Union of Film Journalists). Awards are given annually in a wide range of categories, covering not only feature films but also short films (Corti d'argento) and television series (Nastri d'Argento Grandi Serie). The main awards are given at Taormina Film Fest, Sicily, while the short film awards ceremony is held in Naples.
Anderson Regional Transportation Center
Anderson Regional Transportation Center (RTC) (noted on MBTA schedules and maps as Anderson/Woburn, and on Amtrak schedules and maps as Woburn–Anderson) is a train and bus station located at 100 Atlantic Avenue, off Commerce Way, in Woburn, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston.  It can be accessed from Exit 30 off Interstate 93 or Exit 54 (Washington Street) from southbound Interstate 95/Route 128.

It opened on April 28, 2001, replacing nearby Mishawum as Woburn's main Amtrak and MBTA station. It was named in memory of James R. "Jimmy" Anderson (1968–1981), whose death led to the Woburn Wells court case (Anderson v. Cryovac) chronicled in the book, and film, A Civil Action.

A Civil Action
A Civil Action is a 1995 non-fiction book by Jonathan Harr about a water contamination case in Woburn, Massachusetts, in the 1980s.  The book became a best-seller. It won the National Book Critics Circle Award for nonfiction.

It is based on the case of Anderson v. Cryovac. The first reported decision in the case is at 96 F.R.D. 431 (denial of defendants' motion to dismiss).

A 1998 film of the same name, starring John Travolta as plaintiff's lawyer Jan Schlichtmann and Robert Duvall as Beatrice Foods attorney Jerome Facher, was based on the book.
Castillo de los Tres Reyes Del Morro
The Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro (English: "Castle of the Three Kings of Morro"), also known as Castillo del Morro (Morro Castle), is a fortress guarding the entrance to the Havana harbor.
The design is by the Italian engineer Battista Antonelli (1547–1616). Originally under the control of Spain, the fortress was captured by the British in 1762 and returned to Spain under the Treaty of Paris (1763) a year later. The Morro Castle was the primary defence in the Havana harbor until La Cabaña was completed in 1774.

Boom (navigational barrier)
A boom or a chain (also boom defence, harbour chain, river chain, chain boom, boom chain or variants) is an obstacle strung across a navigable stretch of water to control or block navigation. They are sometimes mixed with pile barrages.

In modern times they usually have civil uses, such as to prevent access to a dangerous river channel. But, especially historically, they have been used militarily, with the goal of denying access to an enemy's ships: a modern example is the anti-submarine net.

Booms have also been used to force passing vessels to pay a toll.
Biathlon at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Individual
The Men's 20 kilometre individual biathlon competition at the 1960 Winter Olympics was held on 21 February, at McKinney Creek Stadium. The firing ranges were located at the following points on the 20-kilometer course: 6.5 km — 200 meter range, 9.5 km — 250 meter range, 12.5 km — 150 meter range and 15 km — 100 meter range. The first three series were fired from a prone position, the last standing. Each miss of the target cost two minutes.

McKinney Creek Stadium
McKinney Creek Stadium was a temporary ski stadium located at Tahoma, California, in the United States. Built in 1959, it was used for cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and biathlon at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley.
Ha, Bhutan
Ha, also known as Haa or Has, is a Thromde or town, and the seat of Haa District in Bhutan.

Ha is situated in Haa Valley in the west of Bhutan bordering Sikkim. The major economic activity is rice production, yak herding and trade with neighbouring China. Ha accommodates The Indian Military Training Team (also known as IMTRAT). IMTRAT is responsible for the training of the personnel of the Royal Bhutan Army (RBA) and the Royal Bodyguard of Bhutan (RBG). It is the oldest training team sent outside India to a friendly-foreign nation. The place has a religious significance as Lhakhang Karpo and other monasteries are situated there.

Royal Bodyguard of Bhutan
The Royal Bodyguard (RBG) of Bhutan is the royal guard of the Kingdom of Bhutan and a part of the Royal Bhutan Army (RBA), which specializes in anti-irregular military, clandestine and covert operations, commando-style raids, countering sudden attacks, counterintelligence to prevent assassination of royal family members or royal palace sabotage, counterterrorism and hostage rescue missions, irregular warfare, mountain warfare, special operations, and protection of important or high-ranking personnel. It has a size of more than 1,000 soldiers.

It is independently under the personal command of the King of Bhutan (as of 2026, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck). The commandant is Brigadier Pem Dorji.
Double Dose (Tela album)
Double Dose is the fourth  studio album by American rapper Tela. It was released on October 8, 2002, through Rap-A-Lot Resurrection. Recording sessions took place at House Of Blues Studios and Out Da Woods Studios in Memphis and at Dean's List House Of Hits in Houston. Production was handled by Tela himself, along with DJ Slice T, Drumma Boy, Insane Wayne, Paragon, DJ Jus Borne and Jazze Pha. It features guest appearances from Bun B, Jazze Pha, Low Key, Criminal Manne, Devin the Dude, 8Ball & MJG, Gangsta Boo, Haystak, Maru, Papa Reu, Streetboy, The Game, Yo Gotti and Geno. The album peaked at number 116 on the Billboard 200 and number 18 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

Papa Reu
Reuben Nero, better known by his stage name Papa Reu, (born October 17, 1974) is a Trinidad and Tobago-born rapper, singer, producer, and songwriter from Houston, Texas., United States. He is also a former member of hip-hop record label Cash Money Records. He has established his own record label Reu Muzik, Inc. through which he has released three albums, namely Xcuse Me, U Know Me, and Certified.
Apozomus eberhardi
Apozomus eberhardi is a species of short-tailed whip-scorpions, also known as schizomids, in the Hubbardiidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2001 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet eberhardi honours Stefan Eberhard, who collected the sole specimen.

Mark Harvey (arachnologist)
Mark Stephen Harvey (born 17 September 1958) is a museum scientist and biologist specializing in Australian arachnids. Since 1989 he has been based at the Western Australian Museum as Curator of Arachnids and Myriapods. He has described over 1,000 species, being one of the few biologists to do so.
Filcas (cycling team)
Filcas was an Italian professional cycling team that existed only for the 1974 season. The team competed in the 1969 Giro d'Italia, with rider Wilfried Reybrouck winning stage one after attacking the field with 400 metres to go.

Wilfried Reybrouck
Wilfried Reybrouck (born 27 January 1953 in Bruges) is a former Belgian cyclist. He is the brother of Guido Reybrouck and the nephew of Gustave Danneels, both former cyclists.

In 1974, as his first year as a professional, Reybrouck attacked on the first stage of the Giro d'Italia with 400 meters to go and won the stage.
Itaweret
Itaweret (Ita-the elder) was an Ancient Egyptian king's daughter who lived in the 12th Dynasty. She is known from her burial next to the pyramid of king Amenemhat II at Dahshur. The burial was found intact and contained a decorated wooden coffin and canopic box with longer religious texts including her name. Some personal adornments were found in the tomb too. The location of the tomb might indicate that she was a daughter of Amenemhat II, but final proof is missing. Remarkable is the wooden statue of a swan found in one of her burial apartments.

Dahshur
Dahshur (in English often called Dashur; Arabic: دهشور Dahšūr  pronounced [dɑhˈʃuːɾ]) is an ancient Egyptian pyramid complex and necropolis and shares the name of the nearby village of Manshiyyat Dahshur (Arabic: منشأة دهشور) in markaz Badrashin, Giza.

Dahshur is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is located on the Western Desert plateau at the edge of the cultivated plain, and along with the pyramid complexes at Saqqara, Abusir, and Giza,  to its north, forms the pyramid fields of the ancient capital city of Memphis. It is known chiefly for several pyramids, mainly Sneferu's Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, which are among the oldest, largest and best preserved in Egypt, built from 2613 to 2589 BC.
Yashashree Kulkarni
Yashashree Kulkarni is a Bill D. Cook Professor of Mechanical Engineering 
at the University of Houston, and the president of the Society Of Engineering Science. Her research involves the mechanical properties of advanced materials, including nanocrystalline and nanotwinned metals.

Nanocrystalline material
A nanocrystalline (NC) material is a polycrystalline material with a crystallite size of only a few nanometers. These materials fill the gap between amorphous materials without any long range order and conventional coarse-grained materials. Definitions vary, but nanocrystalline material is commonly defined as a crystallite (grain) size below 100 nm. Grain sizes from 100 to 500 nm are typically considered "ultrafine" grains.

The grain size of a NC sample can be estimated using x-ray diffraction. In materials with very small grain sizes, the diffraction peaks will be broadened. This broadening can be related to a crystallite size using the Scherrer equation (applicable up to ~50 nm), a Williamson-Hall plot, or more sophisticated methods such as the Warren-Averbach method or computer modeling of the diffraction pattern. The crystallite size can be measured directly using transmission electron microscopy.