hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Methylammonium formate
Methylammonium formate is an ionic liquid consisting of methylammonium (CH3NH3+) as the cation and formate (HCOO–) as the anion. This  salt can be formed by the reaction between methylamine (CH3NH2) and formic acid (HCOOH). It has characteristics of both an ammonium salt and a formate salt. It is soluble in water, as well as other polar solvents.

Ammonium
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom.  It is a positively charged (cationic) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH+4 or [NH4]+. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged (protonated) substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations ([NR4]+), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic or other groups (indicated by R). Not only is ammonium a source of nitrogen and a key metabolite for many living organisms, but it is an integral part of the global nitrogen cycle. As such, human impact in recent years could have an effect on the biological communities that depend on it.
ConBravo!
ConBravo! was an annual fan-run anime, gaming, and new media convention held during July in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, started in 2010. The convention was created as a multi-genre event which gave it much of its framework, but then began to tout its specialization in the aforementioned areas.

It was notable for the special attention it paid to online personalities, including the first Canadian speaking appearances of Doug Walker, Noah Antwiler, Angry Joe, Nathan Barnatt, and James Rolfe in 2011 and 2012. Further, its 2012 show was the first time Rolfe and Walker had appeared at a convention together, revisiting an online rivalry which saw a boom in popularity for the latter.

Angry Joe
Jose Antonio Vargas (born June 18, 1984) is an American media commentator and YouTuber. He is notable for his portrayal of Angry Joe, the titular host of his media review-oriented YouTube channel AngryJoeShow.
SteelPath
SteelPath was an American investment advisory firm based in Dallas, Texas that specialized exclusively in master limited partnerships ("MLPs"). The company was registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment advisor. In 2010, the company received press attention by becoming the first investment advisor to offer open-ended MLP mutual funds.  In July 2012, OppenheimerFunds, now Invesco, acquired SteelPath for its MLP business.

Invesco
Invesco Ltd. is an American (formerly British) independent investment management company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, with branch offices in 20 countries. Its common stock is a constituent of the S&P 500 and trades on the New York Stock Exchange. Invesco operates under the Invesco, Invesco Perpetual, and Powershares brand names.
John Cade
John Frederick Joseph Cade AO (18 January 1912 – 16 November 1980) was an Australian psychiatrist who in 1948 discovered the effects of lithium as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder, then known as manic depression. At a time when the standard treatments for mania were electroconvulsive therapy and lobotomy, lithium had the distinction of being the first effective medication available to treat a mental illness. Cade's discovery in 1948 began a revolution in psychopharmacology.

Mood stabilizer
A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, such as bipolar disorder and the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder.
Claire Adam
Claire Adam (born 1973/1974) is a Trinidad and Tobago-born author whose first novel Golden Child triggered critical acclaim.

On 5 November 2019, the BBC News listed Golden Child on its list of the 100 most inspiring novels. Adam's second novel, Love Forms, was longlisted for the Booker Prize in July 2025.

Faber & Faber
Faber and Faber Limited, commonly known as Faber & Faber or simply Faber, is an independent publishing house in London. Published authors and poets include T. S. Eliot (an early Faber editor and director), W. H. Auden, C. S. Lewis, Margaret Storey, William Golding, Samuel Beckett, Philip Larkin, Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, Seamus Heaney, Paul Muldoon, Milan Kundera and Kazuo Ishiguro.

Founded in 1929, in 2006 the company was named the KPMG Publisher of the Year.

Faber and Faber Inc., formerly the American branch of the London company, was sold in 1998 to the Holtzbrinck company Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG). Faber and Faber ended the partnership with FSG in 2015 and began distributing its books directly in the United States.
Katuwal (messenger)
Katuwal[Don't misinterpret with Chhetri Katuwal] is a Nepalese term for a messenger. A person who roams or walks to a village or villages and delivers messages to people of villages or loudly  announces programs organized by the government or an institution is a Katuwal.

This is an old system which is still in use in some villages of Nepal. The main reason of this system to be still in use in some villages of Nepal is because they are not connected to other areas via roads and other transportation means.

Katuwal
Katuwal, Katawal,  Katwal (Nepali: कटवाल) is a surname used in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, Nepal.

They belong to Ekthariya subcaste that is widely accepted to be of Jharra Chhetri  origin, which is in contrast to Bahuthariya (multiple clan) Chhetri subcaste . They were one of a subcaste of the Tagadhari Chhetri community of Mandavya Gotra. They were actively involved in Bhardar family aristrocracy throughout the Nepalese history of Khas Kingdom and western province of Kingdom of Gorkha. They belong to Jharra Chhetri.
Death to Smoochy
Death to Smoochy is a 2002 satirical black comedy crime film directed by Danny DeVito and written by Adam Resnick. Starring Robin Williams, Edward Norton, Catherine Keener, DeVito, and Jon Stewart, the film centers on "Rainbow" Randolph Smiley (Williams), a disgraced former children's television host who attempts to sabotage his replacement, Sheldon Mopes (Norton), and his character, Smoochy the Rhino.

Produced by FilmFour, Senator Entertainment and Andrew Lazar's Mad Chance Productions, the German-British-American co-production was released in the United States on March 29, 2002, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received mixed to negative reviews from critics and was a box-office bomb, grossing $8.3 million against a budget of $50 million, but has since developed a cult following.

Wild Bunch (company)
Wild Bunch AG is a German film distribution company, originally created in 1979 as Senator Film Verleih GmbH, which later became Senator Entertainment AG. The name Wild Bunch comes from the French company Wild Bunch S.A., created in 2002, which became a subsidiary of Senator Entertainment in February 2015. Senator Entertainment AG renamed itself Wild Bunch AG in July 2015. Wild Bunch has distributed and sold films such as Land of the Dead (2005), Southland Tales (2006), Cassandra's Dream (2007), Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008), Che (2008), Whatever Works (2009), The King's Speech (2010), The Artist (2011), Titane  and Where Is Anne Frank (2021).

Wild Bunch was also formerly an international sales holding company, but they soon divested the division as an independent company in July 2019 as Wild Bunch International, which rebranded as Goodfellas in March 2023 following the expiration of the company's three-year pact to use the Wild Bunch name.
Tractrix
In geometry, a tractrix (from Latin  trahere 'to pull, drag'; plural: tractrices) is the curve along which an object moves, under the influence of friction, when pulled on a horizontal plane by a line segment attached to a pulling point (the tractor) that moves at a right angle to the initial line between the object and the puller at an infinitesimal speed. It is therefore a curve of pursuit. It was first introduced by Claude Perrault in 1670, and later studied by Isaac Newton (1676) and Christiaan Huygens (1693).

Mathematics and the Imagination
Mathematics and the Imagination is a book published in New York by Simon & Schuster in 1940. The authors are Edward Kasner and James R. Newman. The illustrator Rufus Isaacs provided 169 figures. It rapidly became a best-seller and received several glowing reviews. Special publicity has been awarded it since it introduced the term googol for 10100, and googolplex for 10googol. The book includes nine chapters, an annotated bibliography of 45 titles, and an index in its 380 pages.
Behind the Bridge to Elephunk
Behind the Bridge to Elephunk is the first video album by American group the Black Eyed Peas. It was released outside North America on May 26, 2004, by A&M Records, Interscope Records and will.i.am Music Group. The album includes music videos for singles from the group's first three studio albums–Behind the Front (1998), Bridging the Gap (2000) and Elephunk (2003)–alongside live performances and behind-the-scenes footage.

Will.i.am Music Group
will.i.am Music Group is a vanity label founded by rapper and record producer will.i.am of the Black Eyed Peas in 1998. The label serves as the distributor of releases for him and the group, as well as Fergie as a solo act, Macy Gray, Cheryl, and Sérgio Mendes. Initially an imprint of Interscope Records, it was moved to A&M Records (under the name of Interscope) in 2003 before being moved back to Interscope in 2007. Since 2020, the label is an imprint of Epic Records.
Cherie Bennett
Cherie Bennett (born Sharon Lynne Berman, October 6, 1960 in Buffalo, New York) is an American novelist, actress, director, playwright, newspaper columnist, singer, and television writer on the CBS Daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless.

CBS Daytime
CBS Daytime is the division of the CBS television network that is responsible for the daytime television block programming on the network's late morning and early afternoon schedule. The block has historically encompassed soap operas and game shows.
Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's rings
The men's rings competition was one of eight events for male competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.  The qualification and final rounds took place on July 29, 31 and August 4 at UCLA’s Pauley Pavilion. There were 71 competitors from 19 nations, with nations competing in the team event having 6 gymnasts while other nations could have to up to 3 gymnasts. The event was won in a tie between Li Ning of China, in the nation's debut in the Games, and Koji Gushiken, with Japan's first gold medal in the rings since 1972 (and fourth overall). The bronze medal went to American Mitchell Gaylord, the nation's first medal in the event since 1932. The Soviet Union's eight-Games podium streak in the event ended with no Soviets competing due to the boycott.

Mitch Gaylord
Mitchell Jay Gaylord (born March 10, 1961) is an American gymnast, actor, and 1984 Los Angeles Olympic gold medalist in gymnastics. He was a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team.
Czyżów, Busko County
Czyżów [ˈt͡ʂɨʐuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stopnica, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Stopnica, 20 km (12 mi) east of Busko-Zdrój, and 53 km (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Stopnica
Stopnica [stɔpˈnit͡sa] is a town in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Stopnica. It lies in Lesser Poland, approximately 17 km (11 mi) east of Busko-Zdrój and 55 km (34 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Macy Bolinske
Macy Bolinske (née Christianson) is an American politician serving as a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 40th district. A Republican, she was elected in the 2024 North Dakota House of Representatives election. In 2016, she was crowned Miss North Dakota and later competed in Miss America 2017.

Miss North Dakota
The Miss North Dakota competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of North Dakota in the Miss America pageant. The first Miss North Dakota to compete at Miss America was Kitty Page in 1949.  In 2017, Cara Mund became the first North Dakotan to win the Miss America title, when she won the Miss America 2018 pageant.

Kennedy DeLap of Bismarck was crowned Miss North Dakota 2025 on June 7, 2025, at Bakken Auditorium in Williston, North Dakota. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026.
Marjana Semkina
Marjana Semkina (pronunciation: má-ree-á-na sem-kee-na) (also: Mariana Semkina; Russian: Марьяна Сёмкина) is a Russian-born singer and songwriter, based in the United Kingdom since 2020. She has released music as a solo artist, and as a member and co-founder of the bands iamthemorning and Maer.

Jordan Rudess
Jordan Rudess (born Jordan Charles Rudes; November 4, 1956) is an American keyboardist, composer, and software developer, best known as a member of the progressive metal band Dream Theater and the supergroup Liquid Tension Experiment.
Twilight Over Burma
Twilight Over Burma (Burmese: မြန်မာ့ဆည်းဆာ) is a 2015 Austrian biographical film based on the eponymous novel, an autobiography written by Inge Sargent, the Austrian-born consort of Sao Kya Seng, the last saopha of Hsipaw. The film was directed by Sabine Derflinger and produced by Dor Film; it premiered in Austria on October 26, 2015.

Saopha
Saopha (lit. 'lord of the heavens'), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India.
Cwmgors
Cwmgors is a village in the county of Glamorgan, and administered as part of the unitary authority borough of Neath Port Talbot, Wales. It is part of the community of Gwaun-cae-Gurwen and lies within the ceremonial county of West Glamorgan.

Cwmgors is represented in Parliament by David Chadwick and in the Senedd by Jeremy Miles.

Its church, Llanfair, falls within the Diocese of St Davids.

The village used to be home to the Yggd Cwmgors primary school, that closed in 2015. At the time of closure it was a Welsh-medium school having originally been a bilingual village school. It fed Ysgol Gyfun Ystalyfera for fully Welsh-medium education, Ysgol Uwchradd Dyffryn Aman for Welsh- and English-medium education, and Cwmtawe Community Comprehensive School for English-medium education.

Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within their areas, or perform additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by multiple tiers of local government.

Typically, unitary authorities cover towns or cities that are large enough to function independently of a council or other authority. An authority can be a unit of a county or combined authority.
Lakeshore Hospital
VPS Lakeshore Hospital, also known as Lakeshore Hospital is a multi super-speciality hospital in Kochi, Kerala, India. It is located along National Highway 66 in Nettoor, and is a 470-bedded facility with over 30 clinical departments. The hospital is headed by Shamsheer Vayalil, the founder and managing director of VPS Healthcare.

Shamsheer Vayalil
Shamsheer Vayalil Parambath (born 11 January 1977) is an Indian radiologist and businessman. He is the founder and chairman of Burjeel Holdings. Through VPS Healthcare, his family office, he oversees an extensive investment portfolio including Burjeel Holdings, RPM, LifePharma, Lakeshore Hospital, Ziva, Keita, and Educare Institute. As of April 2023, Vayalil has a net worth of US$2.4 billion.
Ian Edmond
Ian Edmond (born 2 June 1978) is a former competitive swimmer and breaststroke specialist who represented Great Britain in the Olympics, FINA world championships, and European championships, and competed for Scotland in the Commonwealth Games.

In his junior years he swam for Reading SC in England, and joined Warrender BC as his Scottish club team.  In 1996 he relocated to Edinburgh for University and swam with Warrender and the City of Edinburgh Swim Team under coach Tim Jones.

Edmond was the silver medallist at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in the 200 m breaststroke. In the same year he was champion in the same event at the European SC Championships.

At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens he represented Great Britain in the men's 200-metre breaststroke where he reached the semi-final, but was disqualified during his swim. He also represented Scotland at the 1998 and 2002 Commonwealth Games.

2003 World Aquatics Championships
The 10th FINA World Aquatics Championships were held July 12–27, 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. The championships featured competition in all 5 of FINA's disciplines: Swimming, Diving, Synchronised swimming, Water Polo, and Open Water Swimming.

Competition was held in the facilities all around the city: Palau Sant Jordi, Piscines Bernat Picornell, Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc, Club de Natació de Barcelona and Port Vell.
Lily Tuck
Lily Tuck (born October 10, 1938) is an American novelist and short story writer whose novel The News from Paraguay won the 2004 National Book Award for Fiction. Her 2008 biography Woman of Rome: A Life of Elsa Morante won the Premio Elsa Morante.
Her novel Siam was nominated for the 2000 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. She is a Guggenheim Fellow.

She has published five other novels, two collections of short stories, as well as her biography of Italian novelist Elsa Morante.

PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction
The PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction is awarded annually by the PEN/Faulkner Foundation to the authors of the year's best works of fiction by living Americans, Green Card holders or permanent residents.  The winner receives US$15,000 and each of four runners-up receives US$5000. Judges read citations for each of the finalists' works at the presentation ceremony in Washington, D.C. The organization claims it to be "the largest peer-juried award in the country." The award was first given in 1981.

Mary Lee Settle was one of the founders of the PEN/Faulkner Award following the controversy at the 1979 National Book Award, when PEN America voted for a boycott on the grounds that the award had become too commercial.
Scipio Africanus (play)
Scipio Africanus is a 1718 historical tragedy by the British writer Charles Beckingham. It is inspired by the story of The Continence of Scipio, featuring the Ancient Roman general Scipio Africanus during the Second Punic War.

Staged at Lincoln's Inn Fields the cast included James Quin as Scipio, John Leigh as Trebellius, Sarah Thurmond as Almeyda, Jane Rogers as Semanthe, Thomas Smith as Alucius, John Corey as Lelius, John Ogden as Lucilius, Thomas Smith as Alucius, and Mary Kent as Axarte.

Lisle's Tennis Court
51°30′55″N 0°6′55″W﻿ / ﻿51.51528°N 0.11528°W﻿ / 51.51528; -0.11528

Lisle's Tennis Court was a building off Portugal Street in Lincoln's Inn Fields in London.  Originally built as a real tennis court, it was used as a playhouse during two periods, 1661–1674 and 1695–1705. During the early period, the theatre was called Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse, also known as The Duke's Playhouse, The New Theatre or The Opera.  The building was rebuilt in 1714, and used again as a theatre for a third period, 1714–1732.  The tennis court theatre was the first public playhouse in London to feature the moveable scenery that would become a standard feature of Restoration theatres.
Camp Rock Enon
Camp Rock Enon or CRE is a Boy Scouts of America resident summer camp for both younger and older youth with high adventure opportunities. The mineral springs of the area afforded the development of a resort in 1856. In 1944 the resort and most of the land began the conversion to youth development resources. The summer camp includes familiar outdoor programs like aquatics, camping, cooking, fishing, handicraft, and shooting sports, yet also includes less common programs like canyoneering, rappelling, rock climbing, scuba, space exploration, volleyball, white water rafting, and wilderness survival. The property includes 14 campsites that accommodate from 16 to 56 campers, as well as a dining hall that can serve 450.

High adventure
High adventure is a type of outdoor experience. It typically is meant to include activities like backpacking, hiking, kayaking or canoeing. It may also include mountaineering, rock climbing, mountain biking, orienteering, hang gliding, paragliding and hot air ballooning.
Sancreed Beacon
Sancreed Beacon is a Bronze Age archaeological site near the village of Sancreed in the Penwith peninsula of Cornwall maintained by the Cornwall Heritage Trust. On top of the hill are several stone cists and Bronze Age archaeological remains comprising burial mounds and the remains of a Bronze Age hut on the Western slope.

This site can be taken in the context of a rich variety of archaeological evidence in the vicinity from the Iron Age, Bronze Age and dating as far back as Neolithic times including Carn Euny Iron Age village 1 mile to the southwest, Caer Bran Hill Fort half a mile southwest, Sancreed Holy Well to the southeast, and Bartinney Castle to the west about 1 mile.

Cist
In archeology, a cist (/ˈkɪst/; also kist /ˈkɪst/;
ultimately from Ancient Greek: κίστη; cognate to English: chest) or cist grave is a small stone-built coffin-like box or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the dead. In some ways, it is similar to the deeper shaft tomb. Examples occur across Europe and in the Middle East.
A cist may have formerly been associated with other monuments, perhaps under a cairn or a long barrow. Several cists are sometimes found close together within the same cairn or barrow. Often ornaments have been found within an excavated cist, indicating the wealth or prominence of the interred individual.

This old word is preserved in the Nordic languages as kista in Swedish and kiste in Danish and Norwegian, as well as in Dutch (kist), where it is the word for a funerary coffin.  In English the term is related to cistern and to chest.
Jörg Stolz
Jörg Stolz (born June 19, 1967, in Zürich, Switzerland) is a Swiss and German sociologist, Professor of Sociology of religion at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. His research mainly focuses on secularization, evangelicalism, and religiosity. He combines an explanatory approach with quantitative methods and mixed methods.

University of Lausanne
The University of Lausanne (UNIL; French: Université de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland, was founded in 1537 as a school of Protestant theology, before being made a university in 1890. The university is the second-oldest in Switzerland, and one of the oldest universities in the world to be in continuous operation. As of fall 2017, about 15,000 students and 3,300 employees studied and worked at the university. Approximately 1,500 international students attend the university (120 nationalities), which has a wide curriculum including exchange programs with other universities.

Together with the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) the university forms a vast campus at the shores of Lake Geneva.