hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mount Bruno Country Club
Mount Bruno Golf Club is a private club located in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada. It is reputed to be one of the most exclusive golf clubs in Canada, and it has hosted the Canadian Open twice: in 1922, when it was won by Al Watrous, and in 1924, won by Leo Diegel.

The course was originally designed by Willie Park Jr., later renovated by Stanley Thompson and Tom McBroom. Its mountain terrain is difficult because the ball often breaks in the opposite direction from what golfers are expecting. The signature hole is the 14th, a 435-yard, par 4, which is located at the highest point on the course and offers a view of the course and the surrounding valley. The elevated tee plays downhill and then requires an uphill approach to the elevated green, which slopes to the left and is protected by sand on the right and large bumps on the left side.

Tom McBroom
Thomas McBroom, (born September 17, 1952) is a Canadian golf course architect.

McBroom is the principal and founder of Thomas McBroom Associates Ltd., a Toronto-based landscape architecture firm specializing in golf course design. McBroom holds a Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (BLA) from the University of Guelph. He is a member of the American Society of Golf Course Architects. As of early 2007, McBroom had completed over 40 original course designs and led numerous course renovations of varying scale.

McBroom lives in Toronto, Ontario. He is married and has two children.
Para greenlet
The Para greenlet (Tunchiornis rubrifrons) is a passerine bird in the family Vireonidae, the vireos. It is found in South America, where it is endemic to the rainforests of Pará in Brazil. It was split from the ochre-crowned greenlet in 2025 by AviList and the Clements Checklist. Owing to its recent separation as a species, virtually nothing distinctive is known about its natural history.

Vireo
The vireos /ˈvɪrioʊz/ make up a family, Vireonidae, of small to medium-sized passerine birds found in the New World (Canada to Argentina, including Bermuda and the West Indies) and Southeast Asia.  The family contains 62 species and is divided into eight genera. "Vireo" is a Latin word referring to a green migratory bird, perhaps the female golden oriole, possibly the European greenfinch.

They are typically dull-plumaged and greenish in color, the smaller species resembling wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. They range in size from the Chocó vireo, dwarf vireo and lesser greenlet, all at around 10 cm and 8g, to the peppershrikes and shrike-vireos at up to 17 cm and 40g.
Elof Axel Carlson
Elof Axel Carlson (1931 – December 17, 2025) was an American geneticist who was a distinguished teaching professor emeritus at State University of New York at Stony Brook, as well as being a historian of science. Carlson earned his B.A. in 1953 from New York University, and his PhD in 1958 in zoology from Indiana University Bloomington under the mentorship of Hermann Joseph Muller. Carlson was a past recipient of the E. Harris Harbison Award for excellence in teaching given by the Danforth Foundation.

Carlson was a visiting professor at the University of Minnesota, San Diego State University, and Tougaloo College. He was also a McMurrin Visiting Professor at the University of Utah. He also taught on several voyages of Semester at Sea.

Carlson died in Vancouver, Washington, on December 17, 2025, at the age of 94.

Danforth Foundation
The Danforth Foundation was one of the largest private nonprofit foundations in the St. Louis Metropolitan region. It closed its doors in 2011 after 84 years of operation and more than a billion dollars in grants distributed.
Domestic Terminal railway station
Domestic Terminal railway station or Domestic Airport railway station can refer to:

Domestic Airport railway station, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (also known as Domestic Terminal)

Domestic Airport railway station, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Domestic Airport railway station, Brisbane
Domestic Airport railway station is the terminus station of the Airport line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the Domestic Terminal at Brisbane Airport, opening on 5 May 2001 at the same time as the line.

The station along with the line is owned and operated by Airtrain Citylink under a BOOT scheme. It will pass to Queensland Rail ownership in 2036.

Services are operated by Queensland Rail's City network. Although Translink's go card is able to be used, the station is not included in the TransLink fare structure, with Airtrain able to charge a premium fare.
Pethia didi
Pethia didi is a species of cyprinid fish which has only been recorded in the vicinity of Myitkyina and Indawgyi Lake in the north of Myanmar.

This is a small fish which can reach a length of 4 centimetres (1.6 in) SL. It is generally brownish with a dark vertical bar just behind the operculum and a round dark blotch on the caudal peduncle. The species P. tiantian – with a range close to P. didi – is similarly marked, but P. didi can be distinguished by its truncated lateral line, deeper body and longer dorsal fin, with two rows of dark markings rather than one.

Indawgyi Lake
Indawgyi Lake (Burmese: အင်းတော်ကြီး; MLCTS: ang: dau kri: [ʔɪ́ɰ̃.dɔ̀.d͡ʑí]) is one of the largest inland lakes in Southeast Asia. It is located in Mohnyin Township in the Kachin State of Myanmar. The lake measures 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east to west, and 24 kilometres (15 mi) north to south. There are over 20 villages around the lake. The predominant ethnic groups living in the surroundings of the lake are the Shan and the Kachin, who mainly practise agriculture. The lake is 546 feet (166 m) above sea level and is the main feature of the Indawgyi Lake Wildlife Sanctuary.

It has a length of 14 miles (23 km), width of seven miles and an area of 100 square miles (260 km2). There are 11 village-tracts, 36 villages around the lake; 13 villages are on the bank of the lake.
Portugal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Portugal competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom, from August 29 to September 9, 2012. The Paralympic Committee of Portugal was represented by a delegation of 30 competitors (22 men and 8 women) in 5 sports – athletics, boccia, equestrian, rowing and swimming.

The opening ceremony flag bearer was athlete Inês Fernandes.

Inês Fernandes
Inês Fernandes (born 28 June 1988) is a Portuguese Paralympic athlete who competes in shot put at the Paralympic Games and hammer throw, javelin throw and discus throw at the INAS World Athletics Championships and INAS Global Games.
Let the Record Show (Schulman book)
Let the Record Show: A Political History of ACT UP New York, 1987–1993 is a 2021 oral history written by former ACT UP activist Sarah Schulman. Using 188 interviews conducted as part of the ACT UP Oral History Project, Schulman shows how the activist group was successful, due to its decentralized, dramatic actions, and emphasizes the contributions of people of color and women to the movement.

Stop the Church
Stop the Church was a demonstration organized by members of AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) on December 10, 1989, that disrupted a Mass being said by Cardinal John O'Connor at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. One-hundred and eleven protesters were arrested, 53 of whom were arrested inside the church. The main objective of the demonstration was to protest O'Connor's opposition to the teaching of safe sex in the public school system, and his opposition to the distribution of condoms to curb the spread of AIDS.  During planning, the protest was joined by Women's Health Action and Mobilization (WHAM!), who opposed the Catholic position on abortion rights.

The protest was condemned in media editorials and by national figures such as President George H. W. Bush, and was controversial in the gay community. The protest, and especially the desecration of the Eucharist, made headline news in the US and several European countries. The protest was a major effort for ACT-UP.
P. S. Thiruvengadam
Periyakilambadi Subburayan Thiruvengadam (17 August 1935 – 14 September 2022) was an Indian politician who served as member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly on four separate occasions. He was a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), a Dravidian political party in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Thiruvengadam was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Kalasapakkam constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1977, 1980, 1989, and 1996 elections. He was latterly a member of DMK Asset Protection Committee. This post was assigned to him by former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. Karunanidhi.

Kalasapakkam Assembly constituency
12°25′0″N 79°6′0″E﻿ / ﻿12.41667°N 79.10000°E﻿ / 12.41667; 79.10000

Kalasapakkam is a state assembly constituency in Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India.
It comprises portions of the Kalasapakkam, Polur and Chengam taluks and is a part of Tiruvannamalai Lok Sabha constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India. This constituency did not exist during the elections held in 1957 and 1962. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Kwon Oh-joong
Kwon Oh-joong (born November 24, 1971) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for starring in Gourmet (2008), as well as the television series The Secret Lovers (2005), Freedom Fighter, Lee Hoe-young (2010), and Miss Ajumma (2011). Kwon has also appeared in films such as To Catch a Virgin Ghost (2004) and Mr. Kim vs. Mr. Kim vs. Mr. Kim (also known as Master Kims, 2007).

Kwon is also certified as a level 2 social worker, and is known for his volunteer activities. He founded the organization 천사를 돕는 사람들의 모임 ("A Group of Angels Who Help Others") in 2002.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
Dumbarton Collegiate Church
The Collegiate Church of St Mary, Dumbarton, Scotland, was founded in about 1453 by Isabella, Countess of Lennox and Duchess of Albany. During the medieval period, collegiate churches took on the responsibility of caring for the sick and elderly within their parishes. St Mary's met these needs in a hospital attached to the main church building, and a separate leper house located at a "safe" distance from the town centre. The church ceased to exist at some time during the Scottish Reformation of the mid-sixteenth century.

The site of the collegiate church is now occupied by Dumbarton Central railway station.  All that remains of the once extensive building is one of the tower arches.  The stone arch was removed in 1850 to a site in Church Street, Dumbarton, and moved again in 1907 to its present location in the grounds of the town's registry office, beside the railway station.

Isabella, Countess of Lennox
Isabella of Lennox (died 1458) was the ruler of Lennox, at least from 1437 to 1458, and last in the line of Mormaers or native Scottish rulers. As the wife of Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (died 1425), she was also Duchess of Albany (1420–1425), but in 1425 her family would be almost completely destroyed when her husband, father and two sons were executed by King James I of Scotland because of their rebellion. Only one son, James the Fat, would escape their family's punishment, and he would die in exile in Ireland. Isabella succeeded in escaping the fate of her family, and would eventually regain her title and estates, retiring to her castle in Loch Lomond where she raised her grandchildren. She would eventually live to see the assassination of her family's opponent, King James. Though none of her four sons survived her, her grandson Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avandale, became Lord Chancellor of Scotland.
Chapel of the Ascension
The Chapel of the Ascension (Arabic: كنيسة الصعود, romanized: Kanīsat aṣ-ṣuʕūd; Greek: Εκκλησάκι της Αναλήψεως, Ekklisáki tis Analípseos; Hebrew: קפלת העלייה Qapelat ha-ʿAliyya) is a chapel and shrine located on the Mount of Olives, in the At-Tur district of Jerusalem. Part of a larger complex, historically it started as part of a Christian church and monastery, which later became an Islamic mosque, Zawiyat al-Adawiya ('the zawiya of [Rabia] al-Adawiya'), and is located on a site believed since the Byzantine period to be the earthly spot where Jesus ascended into Heaven after his Resurrection. It houses a slab of stone believed to contain one of his footprints. This article deals with two sites: the Christian site of the Ascension, and the adjacent but separate mosque built over an ancient grave.

Aedicula
In ancient Roman religion, an aedicula (pl.: aediculae) is a small shrine, and in classical architecture refers to a niche covered by a pediment or entablature supported by a pair of columns and typically framing a statue. The early Christian ones sometimes contained funeral urns. Aediculae are also represented in art as a form of ornamentation.

The word aedicula is the diminutive of the Latin aedes, a temple building or dwelling place. The Latin word has been anglicised as aedicule and as edicule.  Describing post-antique architecture, especially Renaissance architecture, aedicular forms may be described using the word tabernacle, as in tabernacle window.
Inverted row
The inverted row is an exercise in calisthenics. It primarily works the muscles of the upper back—the trapezius and latissimus dorsi—as well as the biceps as a secondary muscle group. The supine row is normally carried out in three to five sets, but repetitions depend on the type of training a lifter is using to make their required gains. This exercise is lighter on the joints compared to weighted rows. The exercise can also be performed with mixed, underhand, or overhand grips with either wide or narrow hand placement.

One study showed that the inverted row activated the latissimus dorsi muscles, upper back, and hip extensor muscles more than the standing bent-over row and also resulted in less load on the lower spine area, which makes the exercises preferable for people with lower-back issues compared to other rowing exercises.

Trapezius
The trapezius is a large paired trapezoid-shaped surface muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae of the spine and laterally to the spine of the scapula.  It moves the scapula and supports the arm.

The trapezius has three functional parts:

an upper (descending) part, which supports the weight of the arm;

a middle region (transverse), which retracts the scapula; and

a lower (ascending) part, which medially rotates and depresses the scapula.
Oberweißbacher Bergbahn
The Oberweißbacher Bergbahn (German pronunciation: [ˌoːbɐˈvaɪsbaxɐ ˈbɛʁkˌbaːn], lit. 'Oberweißbach Mountain Railway') is a German railway in the Thuringian Highland, Thuringia. Since 1922 it connects Obstfelderschmiede (Mellenbach-Glasbach) with the village Lichtenhain, Oberweißbach and Cursdorf. The train consists of 1.351 km broad gauge cable railway and connects to a 2.635 km standard gauge electrified adhesion railway.

Mellenbach-Glasbach
Mellenbach-Glasbach (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛlənbax ˈɡlaːsbax]) is a village and a former municipality in the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Schwarzatal.
USS Colonial
USS Colonial (LSD-18) was a Casa Grande-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy, named in honor of the Colonial National Historical Park, which comprises Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown in southeastern Virginia.

Colonial was launched on 28 February 1945 by Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Newport News, Va., sponsored by Mrs. L. L. Dean; and commissioned on 15 May 1945.

Dock landing ship
A dock landing ship (also called landing ship, dock or LSD) is an amphibious warfare ship with a well dock to transport and launch landing craft and amphibious vehicles. Some ships with well decks, such as the Soviet Ivan Rogov class, also have bow doors to enable them to deliver vehicles directly onto a beach (like a tank landing ship). Modern dock landing ships also operate helicopters.

A ship with a well deck (docking well) can transfer cargo to landing craft in rougher seas far more easily than a ship which has to use cranes or a stern ramp. The U.S. Navy hull classification symbol for a ship with a well deck depends on its facilities for aircraft—a (modern) LSD has a helicopter deck, a landing platform dock also has a hangar, and a landing helicopter dock or landing helicopter assault has a full-length flight deck.
Ballinger High School
Ballinger High School is a public high school located in Ballinger, Texas (USA) and classified as a 3A school by the UIL.  It is part of the Ballinger Independent School District located in south central Runnels County.  In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Arisaema heterophyllum
Arisaema heterophyllum, the dancing crane cobra lily, belongs to the monocotyledonous flowering family Araceae. It is a perennial, rhizomatous herb native to East Asia. It has a spadix inflorescence and can be recognized by its green spathe and comparatively smaller central leaflet.

The rhizome is often used in Chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for coughs, epilepsy, and tetanus. It is prepared using ginger and potassium aluminum sulphate for purifying purposes.

Potassium alum
Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound defined as the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2.  It is commonly encountered as the dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. It crystallizes in an octahedral structure in neutral solution and cubic structure in an alkali solution with space group Pa3 and lattice parameter of 12.18 Å. The compound is the most important member of the generic class of compounds called alums, and is often called simply alum.

Potassium alum is commonly used in water purification, leather tanning, dyeing, fireproof textiles, and baking powder as E number E522. It also has cosmetic uses as a deodorant, as an aftershave treatment and as a styptic for minor bleeding from shaving.
Mildred Aldrich
Mildred Aldrich (1853–1928) was an American journalist, editor, writer and translator. She spent her early career as a journalist and editor in Boston before moving to Paris, where she continued working as a foreign correspondent and translator. In 1914, shortly before the start of World War I, she retired to a house in the French countryside overlooking the Marne River valley. She published a novel and four accounts of her life based on collections of her letters written during the war years. In 1922, she was awarded the French Legion of Honour in recognition of her assistance to soldiers and refugees, and the influence her books apparently had in persuading the United States government to declare war on Germany.

United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)
The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917. President Woodrow Wilson asked a special joint session of the United States Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917, which passed in the Senate on the same day and then in the House of Representatives four days later on April 6. Wilson signed it into law the same day, making the United States officially involved in the First World War.

Despite heavy opposition to the war initially, several incidents resulted in the United States public largely turning against Germany and its allies by 1917. In his speech to the Congress, Wilson stated that the war would make the world ''safe for democracy'' and cited the German Empire's decision to resume unrestricted submarine warfare as an attack on not only Europe, but the United States as well.
Glen Grey Act
In the colonial history of South Africa, the Glen Grey Act was an 1894 Act of the Parliament of the Cape Colony. Instigated by the government of Prime Minister Cecil John Rhodes, it established a system of individual (rather than communal) land tenure and created a labour tax to force Xhosa men into employment on commercial farms or in industry. The act was so named because, although it was later extended to a larger area, it initially applied only in the Glen Grey district, a former name for the area around Lady Frere, east of Queenstown, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

The Glen Grey district became part of the Transkei within which it was named Cacadu district (not to be confused with the former Cacadu District Municipality, now the Sarah Baartman District Municipality, further west) and is now the magisterial district of Lady Frere. It is part of the Western Thembuland traditional kingdom.

History of South Africa (1815–1910)
During the Napoleonic Wars, the Cape Colony was annexed by the British and officially became their colony in 1815. Britain encouraged  settlers to the Cape, and in particular, sponsored the 1820 Settlers to farm in the disputed area between the colony and the Xhosa in what is now the Eastern Cape. The changing image of the Cape from Dutch to British excluded the Dutch farmers in the area, the Boers who in the 1820s started their Great Trek to the northern areas of modern South Africa. This period also marked the rise in power of the Zulu under their king Shaka. Subsequently, several conflicts arose between the British, Boers and Zulus, which led to the Zulu defeat and the ultimate Boer defeat in the Second Anglo-Boer War. However, the Treaty of Vereeniging established the framework of South African limited independence as the Union of South Africa.
Brzozowo, Gmina Nowogard
Brzozowo [bʐɔˈzɔvɔ] (German: Birkenwalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogard, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Nowogard, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and 54 km (34 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Gmina Nowogard
Gmina Nowogard is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Nowogard, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów and 45 km (28 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 338.66 square kilometres (130.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 24,510 (out of which the population of Nowogard amounts to 16,745, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,765).