hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constant-mean-curvature surface
In differential geometry, constant-mean-curvature (CMC) surfaces are surfaces with constant mean curvature. This includes minimal surfaces as a subset, but typically they are treated as special case.

Note that these surfaces are generally different from constant Gaussian curvature surfaces, with the important exception of the sphere.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Funérailles
Funérailles is the 7th and one of the most famous pieces in Harmonies poétiques et religieuses (Poetic and Religious Harmonies), a collection of piano pieces by Franz Liszt. It was an elegy written in October 1849 in response to the crushing of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 by the Habsburgs.

Funérailles has been recorded by pianists such as György Cziffra, Claudio Arrau, Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein, John Ogdon, Martha Argerich, Evgeny Kissin, Sviatoslav Richter, Arnaldo Cohen, Arcadi Volodos, Sergio Fiorentino, Awadagin Pratt and Krystian Zimerman. The work was recorded on 19th century pianos by Andrea Bonatta, Claire Chevallier, Yves Henry, Ray Dudley, Pascal Mantin, Alexei Orlowetsky and Patrick Scheyder.

Evgeny Kissin
Evgeny Igorevich Kissin (Russian: Евге́ний И́горевич Ки́син, romanized: Evgénij Ígorevič Kísin, Yiddish: יעווגעני קיסין, romanized: Yevgeni Kisin; born 10 October 1971) is a Russian-born concert pianist and composer. He became a British citizen in 2002 and an Israeli citizen in 2013. He first came to international fame as a child prodigy. He has a wide repertoire and is especially known for his interpretations of the works of the Romantic era, particularly those of Franz Schubert, Frédéric Chopin, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Modest Mussorgsky, and Ludwig van Beethoven. He is commonly viewed as a great successor of the Russian piano school because of the depth, lyricism and poetic quality of his interpretations.
Tudeh Party of Iran
The Tudeh Party of Iran is an Iranian Marxist-Leninist communist party. Formed in 1941 with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its leader, the organization held significant influence in its early years and played an important role during Mohammad Mosaddegh's campaign to nationalize the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, as well as throughout his term as prime minister. From the Iran crisis of 1946 onwards, Tudeh became a pro-Soviet organization and remained prepared to carry out the dictates of the Kremlin, even if it meant sacrificing Iranian political independence and sovereignty. The crackdown that followed the 1953 coup against Mosaddegh is said to have "destroyed" the party, although a small part of it survived. The party still exists but has remained much weaker on account of being banned in Iran and mass arrests by the Islamic Republic in 1982, as well as the executions of political prisoners in 1988. Tudeh identified itself as the historical offshoot of the Communist Party of Persia.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
Dastaan-E-Mohabbat Salim Anarkali
Dastaan-E-Mohabbat: Salim Anarkali (transl. Story Of Love: Salim Anarkali) is an Indian historical television series that aired on Colors TV. Created by Ludhiana Pathak's Writer's Galaxy Studios, it premiered on 1 October 2018. Starring Shaheer Sheikh and Sonarika Bhadoria, the show explores the historical love story of Prince Salim and Anarkali.

Tassnim Sheikh
Tassnim Sheikh, also known as Tanisha Nerurkar, is an Indian actress, best known for her comic antagonistic roles as Mohini Harsh Virani in Ekta Kapoor's Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi and as Rakhi Dave in Director's Kut Productions' Anupamaa.
Cassinelle
Cassinelle is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 883 and an area of 23.8 square kilometres (9.2 sq mi).

Cassinelle borders the following municipalities: Cremolino, Molare, Morbello, and Ponzone.

Province of Alessandria
The province of Alessandria (Italian: provincia di Alessandria; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Lissandria; in Piedmontese of Alessandria: provinsa ëd Lissändria) is an province of the region of Piedmont in Italy. The capital is the city of Alessandria. It has a population of 407,029 across its 187 municipalities as of 2025.

With an area of 3,558.83 square kilometres (1,374.07 mi2) it is the third largest province of Piedmont after the province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin. To the north it borders on the province of Vercelli and to the west on the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Asti. It shares its southern border with Liguria (province of Savona and the Metropolitan City of Genoa). Its south-east corner touches the Province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, while to the east it borders on the Lombard province of Pavia.
Nisar Ahmad Nusrat
Mullah Nisar Ahmad Nusrat (Pashto: ملا نثار احمد نصرت) was an Afghan Taliban politician who served as Governor of Kunduz Province from 7 November 2021 to 3 March 2024. He also served as Governor of Baghlan from August 2021 to 6 November 2021.

On 6 March 2024, Nusrat was killed in a drone strike on Puli Alam, Logar Province.

Puli Alam
Pul-i-Alam, also written as Puli Alam, Pul-e Alam or Pul-e-Alam, is a city in eastern Afghanistan, serving as the capital of Logar Province. It is within the jurisdiction of Puli Alam District and has an estimated population of 130,793 people. They are mostly ethnic Pashtuns and Tajiks. The city had 2,546 dwellings in 2015.

Pul-i-Alam is connected by a major road to Kabul in the north, Gardez in the southeast and the Kabul–Kandahar Highway in Saydabad District of Maidan Wardak Province in the west. The Logar University is located around 17 km (11 mi) to the east from the center of the city.
Vialva
Vialva is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christopher Vialva (1980–2020), American convicted murderer

Marcus Vialva (born 1974), birth name of Shabaam Sahdeeq, American alternative hip hop artist

Naya Vialva, American soccer player

Christopher Vialva
Christopher Andre Vialva (May 10, 1980 – September 24, 2020) was an American man who was executed by the United States federal government for the 1999 murders of two Iowa pastors in Fort Hood, Texas. Vialva and his co-accused Brandon Bernard were both given the death penalty in 2000, while three more juveniles involved in the crime were convicted and jailed. Vialva spent 20 years on federal death row before he was executed via lethal injection on September 24, 2020, becoming the seventh person, as well as the first African American, to be executed by the federal government since the resumption of federal executions in July 2020.
Burecca of the Maldives
Burecca of the Maldives or Buraki Rani (fl. 1513–29), was a queen consort of the Maldives. She crowned her spouse Kalu Mohamed as king. She herself took the title rani instead of the title Rehendi or sultana, which was normally worn by female monarchs, signifying that she was queen consort rather than a monarch and ruler herself.

Sultana (title)
Sultana or sultanah (/sʌlˈtɑːnə/; Arabic: سلطانة sulṭāna) is a female royal title, and the feminine form of the word sultan. This term has been officially used for female monarchs in some Islamic states, and historically it was also used for a sultan's consort.
Metacosmos
Metacosmos is a symphonic poem by the Icelandic composer Anna S. Þorvaldsdóttir.  The work was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic with support from the Marie-Josée Kravis Prize for New Music.  It was first performed by the New York Philharmonic under the conductor Esa-Pekka Salonen on April 4, 2018.

Esa-Pekka Salonen
Esa-Pekka Salonen (pronounced [ˈesɑˌpekːɑ ˈsɑlonen] ⓘ; born 30 June 1958) is a Finnish conductor and composer. He is the principal conductor designate of Orchestre de Paris and creative director designate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He is also conductor laureate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Philharmonia Orchestra in London and the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra. He was music director of the San Francisco Symphony from 2020 to 2025.
Szymanowice Duże
Szymanowice Duże (Polish pronunciation: [ʂɨmanɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈduʐɛ]) is a village in Otwock County, Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory. The population is near 200.

From 1975 to 1998 this village was in Siedlce Voivodeship.

Otwock County
Otwock County (Polish: powiat otwocki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Otwock, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The county also contains the towns of Józefów, lying 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Otwock, and Karczew, 4 km (2 mi) south of Otwock.

The county covers an area of 615.09 square kilometres (237.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 124,241, out of which the population of Otwock is 44,827, that of Józefów is 20,698, that of Karczew is 9,856, and the rural population is 48,860.
Millosevichite
Millosevichite is a rare sulfate mineral with the chemical formula Al2(SO4)3. Aluminium is often substituted by iron. It forms finely crystalline and often porous masses.

It was first described in 1913 for an occurrence in Grotta dell'Allume, Porto Levante, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Aeolian Islands, Sicily. It was named for Italian mineralogist Federico Millosevich (1875–1942) of the University of Rome.

The mineral is mainly known from burning coal dumps, acting as one of the main minerals forming sulfate crust. It can be also found in volcanic fumeroles (solfatara environments).
It occurs with native sulfur, sal ammoniac, letovicite, alunogen and boussingaultite.

Salammoniac
Salammoniac, also sal ammoniac or salmiac, is a rare naturally occurring mineral composed of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl. It forms colorless, white, or yellow-brown crystals in the isometric-hexoctahedral class. It has very poor cleavage and is brittle to conchoidal fracture. It is quite soft, with a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2, and it has a low specific gravity of 1.5. It is water-soluble. Salammoniac is also the archaic name for the chemical compound ammonium chloride.
Web Experimental Psychology Lab
The Web Experimental Psychology Lab is a website for participating in Web-based experiments, a method used in experimental psychology. The Web Experimental Psychology Lab was founded in 1994-1995, by Ulf-Dietrich Reips at the University of Tübingen, then moved to the University of Zürich and on to the Universidad de Deusto, and is now at the University of Konstanz. For the first time, participants were able to take part in studies via a web browser in a virtual psychology laboratory.

In January 2017, the Society for Computation in Psychology named Reips' 2001 article on the Web Experimental Psychology Lab in the journal Behavior Research Methods one of eight "groundbreaking and influential" articles in the history of the society and the field.

Psychonomic Society
The Psychonomic Society is an international scientific society of over 4,500 scientists in the field of experimental psychology. The mission of the Psychonomic Society is to foster the science of cognition through the advancement and communication of basic research in experimental psychology and allied sciences. It is open to international researchers, and almost 40% of members are based outside of North America. Although open to all areas of experimental and cognitive psychology, its members typically study areas such as learning, memory, attention, motivation, perception, categorization, decision making, and psycholinguistics. Its name is taken from the word psychonomics, meaning "the science of the laws of the mind".
Estadio Coliseo Maya
The Estadio Coliseo Maya is a multi-use stadium located in Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is used mostly for American football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people.

The stadium currently serves as the home field of the college football program for the Universidad Anáhuac Cancún, the Leones Anáhuac Cancún. It also hosted the Tiburones de Cancún for a single game in 2022.

Universidad Anáhuac Cancún
The Anáhuac Cancún University belongs to the Anahuac University Network, affiliated with  the Anahuac University Network (RUA), the international education system of the Legion of Christ, in 18 countries and serving over 100,000 students from kindergarten to graduate school.

The university's program is coordinated with those of European universities. It has foreign students, both under curricula or by an abroad program
Slobodan Janković (footballer, born 1946)
Slobodan Janković (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Јанковић; born 23 April 1946) is a Serbian retired football midfielder who played for SFR Yugoslavia.

Janković made one appearance for Yugoslavia, in a November 1975 European Championship qualifier away against Northern Ireland.

UEFA Euro 1976 qualifying
The qualifying round for the 1976 European Football Championship consisted of 32 teams divided into eight groups of four teams. Each group winner progressed to the quarter-finals. The quarter-finals were played in two legs on a home-and-away basis. The winners of the quarter-finals would go through to the final tournament.
John Whitworth (RAF officer)
Air Commodore John Nicholas Haworth Whitworth, CB, DSO, DFC* (10 January 1912 – 13 November 1974) was a Royal Air Force pilot in the 1930s and a commander during and after the Second World War. He was educated at Oundle School in Northamptonshire.

Whitworth was station commander of RAF Scampton during the planning of Operation Chastise; in 1955 he was a technical advisor for the film dramatisation of the raid, The Dam Busters.  Whitworth was portrayed by Derek Farr in the film.

Whitworth was later the Chief of Staff of the Ghana Air Force; he was succeeded by the Ghanaian J. E. S. de Graft-Hayford in 1962.

He retired to the village of Rodmarton in Gloucestershire with his wife.

Ghana Air Force
The Ghana Air Force (GHF) is the aerial warfare organizational military branch of the Ghanaian Armed Forces (GAF). The GHF, along with the Ghanaian army (GA) and Ghanaian navy (GN), make up the Ghanaian Armed Forces (GAF), which are controlled by the Ghanaian Ministry of Defence (MoD).
Isopropyl methoxypyrazine
Isopropyl methoxypyrazine (IPMP) is a methoxypyrazine, a class of chemical compounds that produce odors.  The odor is rather undesirable and is produced by the Asian lady beetle or by the actinomycete Streptomyces sp, and yeast, specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  It can be detected by human taste at concentrations of as low as 2 nanograms per litre.

Orders of magnitude (mass)
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−67 kilograms (kg) and 1052 kg.  The least massive thing listed here is a graviton, and the most massive thing is the observable universe.  Typically, an object having greater mass will also have greater weight (see mass versus weight), especially if the objects are subject to the same  gravitational field strength.
David Lee (athlete)
David Lee (born April 23, 1959) is an American former hurdler. Lee qualified for the 1980 U.S. Olympic team but was unable to compete due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. He did however receive one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes.

Competing for the Southern Illinois Salukis track and field team, Lee won the 1980 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the 400 metres hurdles.

Lee won the British AAA Championships title in the 400 metres hurdles event at the 1983 AAA Championships.

1983 AAA Championships
The 1983 AAA Championships sponsored by (Robinsons Barley Water) was the 1983 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 23 to 24 July 1983 at the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London, England.
1997 Paris–Dakar Rally
1997 Dakar Rally also known as the 1997 Paris–Dakar Rally was the 19th running of the Dakar Rally event. The rally started and finished in Dakar, taking in a loop including Niger and the Ténéré desert. Jutta Kleinschmidt became the first woman to win a stage of the Dakar Rally. Japanese driver, Kenjiro Shinozuka, won the car class and Stephane Peterhansel won his fifth motorcycle title.

Jutta Kleinschmidt
Jutta Kleinschmidt (born 29 August 1962) is a German competitor of offroad automotive racing events. She is known for her numerous showings in the Paris Dakar Rally, and notably for having won the event in 2001, becoming the first woman driver to win the race and the only German to win the car category. In 2013, Kleinschmidt was named an FIM Legend for her motorcycling achievements.
Ronald MacDonald Douglas
Ronald MacDonald Douglas was the pseudonym of Ronald Edmonston (1896–1984), a Scottish author, actor and political figure known for his works compiling Scottish folklore and his involvement in the 1320 Club. Douglas was the editor of Catalyst, the magazine of the 1320 Club, following the removal of John Herdman.

John Herdman (author)
John Macmillan Herdman (born 20 July 1941) is a Scottish novelist, short story writer and literary critic.  He is the author of seventeen books including five novels and various works of shorter fiction, a play, two critical studies and a memoir, and he has contributed to twenty  other books.  His work has been translated, broadcast and anthologized, and taught at universities in France, Australia and Russia.
Arohaki Lagoon
Arohaki Lagoon (formerly Arahaki Lagoon) is a small ephemeral lagoon located in the Whakatāne District of the North Island, New Zealand. It is within the Whirinaki Te Pua-a-Tāne Conservation Park, south and can be accessed via a 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) walking track.

Ephemerality
Ephemerality (from Ancient Greek  ἐφήμερος (ephēmeros) 'lasting only a day') is the concept of things being transitory, existing only briefly. Academically, the term ephemeral constitutionally describes a diverse assortment of things and experiences, from digital media to types of ponds and streams. "There is no single definition of ephemerality". With respect to unique performances, for example, it has been noted that "[e]phemerality is a quality caused by the ebb and flow of the crowd's concentration on the performance and a reflection of the nostalgic character of specific performances". Because different people may value the passage of time differently, ephemerality may be a relative, perceptual concept: "In brief, what is short-lived may not be the object itself, but the attention we afford it".
Verri
Verri is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessandro Verri (1741–1816), Italian author

Carlos Caetano Bledorn Verri (born 1963), Brazilian footballer and football manager better known as Dunga

Francesco Verri (1885–1945), Italian track cycling racer

Pietro Verri (1728–1797), Italian philosopher, economist, historian and writer

members of the house Verri della Bosia:
Karl Graf Verri della Bosia (1790–18??), Bavarian general
Maximilian Graf von Verri della Bosia (1824–1909), Bavarian general

Pietro Verri
Count Pietro Verri (12 December 1728 – 28 June 1797) was an Italian economist, historian, philosopher and writer. Among the most important personalities of the 18th-century Italian culture, he is considered among the fathers of the Lombard reformist Enlightenment and the most important pre-Smithian authority on cheapness and plenty.
Château d'Ingwiller
The Château d'Ingwiller was a castle located at Ingwiller, approximately 30 km (19 mi) west of Haguenau in Bas-Rhin, in the Alsace region of France. The castle, with a tower, which was built towards the end of the fourteenth century, no longer exists.

Extensively renovated several times, its purpose was more residential than military and in the end it did not survive the turbulent history of Alsace. By the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648 much of the château was in ruins.  During the nineteenth century the Ingwiller Jewish community built a synagogue on a part of what had been the château's foundations.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Nafissath Radji
Nafissath Radji (born 2 August 2002 in Porto-Novo) is a Beninese swimmer.

She competed in the girls' 50 metre backstroke event at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She did not qualify to compete in the semi-finals.

In 2019, she represented Benin at the World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event. She did not advance to compete in the semi-finals. She also competed in the women's 50 metre backstroke event. In that same year, she also represented Benin at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco.

In 2021, she competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. Her time of 29.99 seconds in her heat did not qualify for the semifinals.

She represented Benin at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships held in Budapest, Hungary. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre freestyle events.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.