hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Federalist No. 69
Federalist No. 69 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the sixty-ninth of The Federalist Papers. It was published on March 14, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, under which all The Federalist papers were published. The title is "The Real Character of the Executive", and is the third in a series of 11 essays discussing the powers and limitations of the Executive branch in response to the Anti-Federalist Papers, and in comparison to the King of Great Britain's powers.

Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist Papers is the collective name given to the works written by the Founding Fathers who were opposed to, or had objections concerning, the United States Constitution of 1787. Starting on 25 September 1787 (eight days after the final draft of the US Constitution) and through the early 1790s, these Anti-Federalists published a series of essays arguing against the ratification of the new Constitution. They opposed the implementation of a stronger federal government without protections for certain rights. The Anti-Federalist papers failed to halt the ratification of the Constitution, but they succeeded in influencing the first assembly of the United States Congress to draft the Bill of Rights. The essays were authored primarily by anonymous contributors using pseudonyms such as "Brutus" and the "Federal Farmer." Unlike the Federalists, the Anti-Federalists created their works as part of an unorganized group.
Shatter attack
In computing, a shatter attack is a programming technique employed by hackers on Microsoft Windows operating systems to bypass security restrictions between processes in a session.  A shatter attack takes advantage of a design flaw in Windows's message-passing system whereby arbitrary code could be injected into any other running application or service in the same session, that makes use of a message loop.  This could result in a privilege escalation exploit.

Hacker
A hacker is a person skilled in information technology who achieves goals and solves problems by non-standard means. The term has become associated in popular culture with a security hacker – someone with knowledge of bugs or exploits to break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them. In a positive connotation, though, hacking can also be utilized by legitimate figures in legal situations. For example, law enforcement agencies sometimes use hacking techniques to collect evidence on criminals and other malicious actors. This could include using anonymity tools (such as a VPN or the dark web) to mask their identities online and pose as criminals.

Hacking can also have a broader sense of any roundabout solution to a problem, or programming and hardware development in general, and hacker culture has spread the term's broader usage to the general public even outside the profession or hobby of electronics (see life hack).
Happō, Akita
Happō (八峰町, Happō-chō) is a town located in Akita, Japan. As of 31 January 2023, the town had an estimated population of 6,466 in 2981 households, and a population density of 28 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 234.14 square kilometres (90.40 sq mi).

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.
Vladimir Koshelev
Vladimir Alexeyevich Koshelev (Russian: Владимир Алексеевич Кошелев; born 1 October 1974, Kuybyshev) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Dumas.

From 1999 to 2005, Koshelev worked as deputy director of the Aviacor JSC. In 2006, he led the privatization of the company's construction division. In the same year, he was elected chairman of the board of directors of the Aviacor construction corporation, which in 2014 was renamed the Koshelev-project. In 2011, he was appointed the advisor to the Governor of the Ulyanovsk Oblast. From 2016 to 2021, he was the deputy of the Samara Regional Duma of the 6th convocation. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

Samara Regional Duma
The Samara Regional Duma (Russian: Самарская губернская дума, romanized: Samarskaya gubernskaya duma) is the regional parliament of Samara Oblast, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 50 deputies are elected for five-year terms.
Herbert M. Fox House
The Herbert M. Fox House is a pioneer farmhouse in Becker, Minnesota, United States.  It was built in 1876 with an unusual construction method using load-bearing vertical planks rather than wall studs.   It originally stood in Santiago Township, was moved to Becker in 1981, and moved again in 2006 to the grounds of the Sherburne History Center.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and exploration/settlement.  It was nominated for being an example of early pioneer architecture in Minnesota, representing the houses of mid-19th-century subsistence farmers while displaying a rare vernacular construction method.

Becker, Minnesota
Becker is a city in Sherburne County, Minnesota, between the Mississippi and Elk Rivers. The population was 4,877 at the 2020 census.

Becker is located 46 miles northwest of Minneapolis and 19 miles southeast of St. Cloud. U.S. Highway 10 serves as a main route in Becker.

The city is home to the Sherburne County Generating Station (Sherco) which accounted for 77% of the city's tax base in 2019 and two thirds of taxes generated for the city in 2023. Homeowners have considerable lower property taxes than surrounding communities due to taxes paid by the power plant.
Afowiri Fondzenyuy
Afowiri Kizito Fondzenyuy (French pronunciation: [a.fo.wi.ʁi ki.zi.to fɔ̃.dzɛ.nɥi] born 26 December 1972) Nicknamed the Toghu Marathoner, is a Cameroonian philanthropist, social entrepreneur, charity fundraiser, and long-distance marathon enthusiast, who runs marathons in Toghu attire to raise funds for various charitable causes. He holds the Guinness World Record for the fastest marathon run in traditional Toghu attire. and is an Abbott Major Marathon Six Star finisher.

Fondzenyuy was born in Bamenda, northwest Cameroon. He began participating in marathons in early 2011, initially competing in triathlons that combined swimming, cycling, and running.

He is the founder of the Amom Foundation, a non-governmental organization, and also established African BBQ Sauce (ABS), a food brand based in the United States.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 259
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 259 (P. Oxy. 259 or P. Oxy. II 259) is a fragment of Bail for a Prisoner, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was written after 17 May 23. Currently it is housed in the University of Pennsylvania (University Museum, E 2798) in Philadelphia.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Nattawut Innum
Nattawut Innum (Thai: ณัฐวุฒิ อินนุ่ม) is a Thai long-distance runner.

He has a twin brother, Nattawat Innum (ณัฐวัฒน์ อินนุ่ม), who is also a runner.

On February 11, 2018, Nattawut Innum ran 29:48 for the 10K run at Buriram, Thailand, setting a new Thai national record for the 10 km road race.

Buriram
Buriram (Thai: บุรีรัมย์, RTGS: Buri Ram, pronounced [bū.rīː rām]; Northern Khmer: มฺืงแปะ) is a city municipality (thesaban nakhon) in Thailand, capital of Buriram Province, about 300 km (190 mi) northeast of Bangkok. incorporating Nai Mueang and Isan Subdistricts and parts Samet Subdistricts of Mueang Buriram District. In 2023 it had a population of 23,364.
Bareket
Bareket (Hebrew: ברקת, lit. 'Emerald') is a religious Zionist moshav in the Central District of Israel. Located near the town of Shoham and the Judean Foothills, around five kilometres north-east of Ben Gurion International Airport and covering 2,500 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Modi'in Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 2,260.

Central District (Israel)
The Central District (Hebrew: מחוז המרכז, Meḥoz haMerkaz; Arabic: المنطقة الوسطى, Minṭaqat al-Wasaṭ) of Israel is one of six administrative districts, including most of the Sharon region. It is further divided into four sub-districts: Petah Tikva, Ramla, Sharon, and Rehovot. The district's largest city is Rishon LeZion. The district's population as of 2017 was 2,115,800. According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, 88% of the population is Jewish, 8.2% is Arab, and 4% are "non-classified", being mostly former Soviet Union immigrants of partial or nominal Jewish ethnic heritage or household members of Jews.
Atari Calculator
Atari Calculator (or Calculator) is a proprietary software program developed by Atari, Inc. for Atari 8-bit computers and published in 1979. It incorporates the functionality of a scientific calculator into a software calculator. It was written in assembly language by American programmer and game designer Carol Shaw.  The program supports multiple  modes, including enabling it to be used as a programmable calculator with a then-popular reverse Polish notation (RPN) input method.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Jojoba wax esters
Jojoba wax esters are polyethylene glycol derivatives of the acids and alcohols obtained from the saponification of jojoba oil.  With an average ethoxylation value of 80, it is known as jojoba wax PEG-80 esters or PEG-80 jojoba.  With an average ethoxylation value of 120, it is known as jojoba wax PEG-120 esters or PEG-120 jojoba. Jojoba wax esters are used in cosmetic formulations as emollients.

Saponification
Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is a long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate and ethanol:

C2H5O2CCH3  +  NaOH   →    C2H5OH  +  NaO2CCH3
Helensburgh Glow Worm Tunnel
The Metropolitan Tunnel, also known as Helensburgh Glow Worm Tunnel, is a disused rail tunnel in Helensburgh, New South Wales. It is a popular tourist attraction due to its glow worm population.

It is considered crown land and managed by community group Helensburgh Landcare,  who in early 2019, restricted access to the tunnel for the conservation of the glow worm colony.

The Chronicle (South Australia)
The Chronicle was a South Australian weekly newspaper, printed from 1858 to 1975, which evolved through a series of titles. It was printed by the publishers of The Advertiser, its content consisting largely of reprints of articles and Births, Marriages and Deaths columns from the parent newspaper. Its target demographic was country areas where mail delivery was infrequent and businesses that serviced those areas.
2014 MuchMusic Video Awards
The 2014 MuchMusic Video Awards (MMVAs) was held on June 15, 2014 outside the Much headquarters in downtown Toronto. Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner served as co-hosts for the show.

The ceremony, which marked the 25th edition of the MMVAs, was simulcast live on Much and CTV.

Worst Behavior
"Worst Behavior" is a song by Canadian recording artist Drake from his third studio album Nothing Was the Same (2013). "Worst Behavior" was produced by DJ Dahi, and was written by Drake, Anthony Palman, DJ Dahi, and Detail. The song peaked at number 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. On June 9, 2014, the song was serviced to urban contemporary radio in the United Kingdom as the album's seventh single.
Andy Drake
Andrew J. Drake (1907 - death date unknown) was an American professional baseball catcher in the Negro leagues. He played with the Birmingham Black Barons, Louisville Black Caps, Chicago American Giants, and St. Louis Stars from 1932 to 1939.

St. Louis–New Orleans Stars
The St. Louis–New Orleans Stars, originally the Indianapolis ABCs and then the St. Louis Stars, were a major Negro league baseball team that played in the Negro American League from 1938 through 1941. They disbanded for the 1942 season due to financial difficulties but regrouped for the 1943 season in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania as the Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars in the Negro National League before folding for good.
Elisha Lawrence
Elisha Lawrence (1746 – July 23, 1799) was an American Federalist Party politician, who represented Monmouth County in the New Jersey Legislative Council, the precursor to the New Jersey State Senate, from 1780 through 1783, from 1789 through 1792 and in 1795. He served as Vice-President of Council from 1789 through 1792, and again in 1795. He served as acting governor of New Jersey in 1790.

Governor of New Jersey
The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor's office is located inside the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey unique in having the executive's office located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable as one of the few states in which the governor's official residence is not located in the state capital.

The first and longest-serving governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. A. Harry Moore remains the longest-serving popularly elected governor. The current and 57th governor is Mikie Sherrill, a Democrat who assumed office on January 20, 2026.
Michigan's 17th Senate district
Michigan's 17th Senate district is one of 38 districts in the Michigan Senate. The 17th district was created by the 1850 Michigan Constitution, as the 1835 constitution only permitted a maximum of eight senate districts. It has been represented by Republican Jonathan Lindsey since 2023, succeeding fellow Republican Dale Zorn.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
CCDC121
Coiled-coil domain containing 121 (CCDC121) is a protein encoded by the CCDC121 gene in humans.  CCDC121 is located on the minus strand of chromosome 2 and encodes three protein isoforms. All isoforms of CCDC121 contain a domain of unknown function referred to as DUF4515 or pfam14988.

Domain of unknown function
A domain of unknown function (DUF) is a protein domain that has no characterised function. These families have been collected together in the Pfam database using the prefix DUF followed by a number, with examples being DUF2992 and DUF1220. As of 2019, there are almost 4,000 DUF families within the Pfam database representing over 22% of known families. Some DUFs are not named using the nomenclature due to popular usage but are nevertheless DUFs.

The DUF designation is tentative, and such families tend to be renamed to a more specific name (or merged to an existing domain) after a function is identified.
1998 World Mountain Running Trophy
The 1998 World Mountain Running Championships was the 14th edition of the global mountain running competition, World Mountain Running Championships, organised by the World Mountain Running Association.

World Mountain Running Association
The World Mountain Running Association (WMRA), formerly the International Committee for Mountain Running, is the global governing body of mountain running.

For World Athletics purposes, mountain running takes place on terrain that is mainly off-road, but if there is significant elevation gain on the route, surfaced roads may be used. Courses involve considerable amounts of ascent (for mainly uphill races), or both ascent and descent (for up and down races with the start and finish at similar heights). The average incline is normally between five and twenty percent. Courses are clearly marked and should avoid dangerous sections.
(Diene)iron tricarbonyl
In organometallic chemistry, (diene)iron tricarbonyl describes a diverse family of related coordination complexes consisting of a diene ligand coordinated to a Fe(CO)3 center.  Often the diene is conjugated, e.g., butadiene, but the family includes nonconjugated dienes as well.  The compounds are yellow, air-stable, often low-melting, and soluble in hydrocarbon solvents.  The motif is so robust that even unstable dienes form easily characterized derivatives, such as norbornadienone and cyclobutadiene.

Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, often an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.
Susa, Yamaguchi
Susa (須佐町, Susa-chō) was a town located in Abu District, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,605 and a density of 41.37 persons per km2. The total area was 87.15 km2.

On March 6, 2005, Susa was merged into the expanded city of Hagi along with the town of Tamagawa, and the villages of Asahi, Fukue, Kawakami and Mutsumi (all from Abu District).

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.
Akrotiri, Santorini
Akrotiri (Greek: Ακρωτήρι) is a village and a community on the island of Santorini in Greece. It is located 15 kilometers south of the capital Fira, built on the slopes of a hill offering staggering views of the caldera cliffs. On top of this hill, there are remains of a Venetian castle (Goulas). 
Akrotiri is part of the Thira region and had 515 permanent inhabitants according to the Greek census of 2021.

Approximately 2 km southeast, the Minoan Bronze Age Akrotiri archaeological site is located. This is one of the most important of its kind in the Aegean.

West of Akrotiri and on Santorini's westmost tip, there is a lighthouse dating from 1892. Much of the town is built around the ruins of a 13th-century fortress, the Castle of Akrotiri.

Thira (regional unit)
Thira (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Θήρας) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of South Aegean. The regional unit covers the islands of Thira (Santorini), Anafi, Folegandros, Ios, Sikinos and several smaller islands in the Aegean Sea.
Portrait of Mary Somerville
Portrait of Mary Somerville is an 1834 portrait painting by the British artist Thomas Phillips. It depicts the Scottish scientist Mary Somerville. Somerville was a polymath known amongst other things for her interest in astronomy. Somerville College of Oxford University is named after her.

Sommerville was around 54 years old when the portrait was made, however she still looks quite young and elegant for her age. She has a fancy hairstyle of the time and a wears a fine dress, with a fur around her neck.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1834 at Somerset House in London. Today the work is in the collection of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh, having been acquired in 1929. 
.

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.