hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lydden and Temple Ewell Downs
Lydden and Temple Ewell Downs is a 63.2-hectare (156-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Dover in Kent. It is a Special Area of Conservation and Nature Conservation Review site. It is also part of the 78.5-hectare (194-acre) Lydden Temple Ewell National Nature Reserve and the 90-hectare (220-acre) Lydden Temple Ewell nature reserve, which is managed by the Kent Wildlife Trust. It is in the North Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

This site has some of the richest chalk downland in the county. The invertebrate community is outstanding, including butterflies such as marbled whites, adonis blue and the very rare silver-spotted skipper. A colony of Periclepsis cinctana, the Dover twist moth, was found at Lydden Temple Ewell in June 2025, the species not having been seen in England since 1952.

There is public access to the site.

North Downs
The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills and an area of downland in south-east England, that stretch from Farnham in Surrey to the White Cliffs of Dover in Kent. Much of the North Downs comprises two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs): the Surrey Hills and the Kent Downs. The North Downs Way National Trail runs along the North Downs from Farnham to Dover. They form the northern boundary of the Weald, which is correspondingly bounded to the south by the South Downs.

The highest point in the North Downs is Botley Hill, Surrey (270 metres (890 ft) above sea level). The County Top of Kent is  Betsom's Hill (251 m (823 ft) above sea level), which is less than 1 km from Westerham Heights, Bromley, the highest point in Greater London at an elevation of 245 m (804 ft).
James Campbell Reddie
James Campbell Reddie WS (26 November 1807 – 4 July 1878) was a 19th-century British solicitor, collector and author of pornography, who, writing as "James Campbell", worked for the publisher William Dugdale.  According to Henry Spencer Ashbee, Reddie was self-taught and viewed his works from a philosophical point of view.

Steven Marcus
Steven Paul Marcus (December 13, 1928 – April 25, 2018) was an American academic and literary critic who published influential psychoanalytic analyses of the novels of Charles Dickens and Victorian pornography. He was George Delacorte Professor Emeritus in the Humanities at Columbia University.
Edmond La Beaume Cherbonnier
The Rev. Edmond La Beaume Cherbonnier (February 11, 1918 – March 7, 2017) was an American scholar in the field of religious studies. He served as Professor of Religion at Trinity College, Connecticut, and as a deacon in the Episcopal Church. He is known for his work on Christianity, analyzing idolatry and distinctions between mystical and biblical thought, his efforts on developing and advancing religious studies, and for founding the Religion Department at Trinity College in 1955.

The Journal of Religion
The Journal of Religion is an academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press founded in 1897 as The American Journal of Theology.  The journal "embraces all areas of theology (biblical, historical, ethical, and constructive) as well as other types of religious studies (literary, social, psychological, and philosophical)."
Bodens BK
Bodens BK is a Swedish football club located in Boden in Norrbotten. The club was formed on 2 November 1916 and began playing soccer in 1918. It is currently playing in the third tier of Swedish football, Division 1.

Norrbotten
Norrbotten (Swedish: [ˈnɔ̂rːˌbɔtːɛn]; Meänkieli: Norrbotteni), sometimes called North Bothnia, is a Swedish province (landskap) in northernmost Sweden. It borders south to Västerbotten, west to Swedish Lapland, and east to Finland.
Madrasa Andaloussiya
36°48′04″N 10°10′26″E﻿ / ﻿36.801226°N 10.173994°E﻿ / 36.801226; 10.173994

Madrasa Andaloussiya (Arabic: المدرسة الأندلسية) also known as the Madrasa El Younsiya, is a tunisian Madrasah in the Medina of Tunis. It also called Madrasa of Sidi El Ajmi because it is close to his zaouia.

Medina of Tunis
The Medina of Tunis is the medina quarter of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979.

The Medina contains some 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasas and fountains dating from various periods.
Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung
The Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung (Carl Zeiss Foundation), legally located in Heidenheim an der Brenz and Jena, Germany, and with its administrative headquarters in Stuttgart, is the sole shareholder of the two companies Carl Zeiss AG and Schott AG. It was founded by Ernst Abbe in 1889 and named after his long-term partner Carl Zeiss. The products of these companies include the classic areas of optics and precision mechanisms, as well as glass (including optical glass), optoelectronics, and glass ceramics. The statutes of the foundation emphasize the social responsibility of the companies and the importance of a fair treatment of the employees.

In fiscal year 2007/2008 more than 30,000 people were employed by the foundation's companies and their subsidiaries, with total sales of over 4.9 billion Euros.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Taşucu
Taşucu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,184 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It had obtained the status of belde after the local elections in Turkey, 1955.

In 2000 a military pier, Agalar, was built 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-west of the town. During the Syrian Civil War the pier was used to ship weapons to Syrian rebel groups as part of the U.S. Timber Sycamore program.

2013 Turkish local government reorganisation
Municipalities (Turkish: belediyeler)  are the basic units of local government in Turkey.  According to the Turkish Statistical Institute the population of Turkey was 76,667,864 as of 31 December 2013. The majority of the population live in settlements with municipalities.  The number of municipalities in Turkey was 2,947 in 2009.  But in 2013, most of the small town (Turkish: belde) municipalities were merged to district (Turkish: ilçe) municipalities by the Act 6360 which came into effect at the 2014 local elections sharply decreased the number of municipalities to 1,394.
Strawberries Need Rain
Strawberries Need Rain is a 1970 film directed by Larry Buchanan and starring Les Tremayne and Monica Gayle. The film was inspired by the works of Ingmar Bergman, and Buchanan allegedly persuaded some theatre owners to advertising it as a Bergman film. It was shot in various German towns in the Texas Hill Country. Buchanan described the story as "essentially European in nature".

Larry Buchanan
Larry Buchanan (January 31, 1923 − December 2, 2004), born Marcus Larry Seale Jr., was a film director, producer and writer, who proclaimed himself a "schlockmeister". Many of his extremely low-budget films have landed on "worst movie" lists or in the public domain, but all at least broke even and many made a profit. Most of his films were made for television and were never shown theatrically.

He is perhaps most famous for his American International Pictures films In the Year 2889, The Eye Creatures, Zontar, the Thing from Venus, Curse of the Swamp Creature, Creature of Destruction, It's Alive!, and Mars Needs Women, all of which were released directly to late night television.
Satu Mare metropolitan area
The Satu Mare Metropolitan Area is a metropolitan area of Romania founded on April 26, 2013 around Satu Mare, the capital city of Satu Mare County. It has a population of 233,306 and, besides Satu Mare, it includes four cities and towns (Carei, Ardud, Livada, and Tășnad), as well as 26 communes.

As defined by Eurostat, the Satu Mare functional urban area has a population of 149,387 residents (as of 2015).

Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County (Romanian: Județul Satu Mare, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare], Hungarian: Szatmár megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.
Emma Eriksson
Emma Eriksson (born 24 October 1993) is a Swedish former Paralympic athlete who competes in international track and field competitions. She has competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics where she finished fifth in the long jump F20.

Paralympic sports
The Paralympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. As of 2020, the Summer Paralympics included 22 sports and 539 medal events, and the Winter Paralympics include 5 sports and disciplines and about 80 events. The number and kinds of events may change from one Paralympic Games to another.

The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities or intellectual impairments. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. Paralympic sports refers to organized competitive sporting activities as part of the global Paralympic movement. These sports are organized and run under the supervision of the International Paralympic Committee and other international sports federations.
Anantapur Urban Assembly constituency
Anantapur Urban Assembly constituency is a constituency in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency.

Daggupati Venkateswara Prasad is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 255,682 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 2008, as per the Delimitation Orders (2008).

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Suhor, Kostel
Suhor (pronounced [ˈsuːxɔɾ]; German: Suchor) is a small abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Kostel in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Kostel
The Municipality of Kostel (pronounced [ˈkɔːstɛu̯]; Slovene: Občina Kostel) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. Its seat is the settlement of Vas. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It borders Croatia.
Democratic Partnership
Democratic Partnership was an electoral coalition in Northern Ireland.

Democratic Partnership was founded for the Northern Ireland Forum election of 1996 by the Peace People group, independent peace activists and a number of people from the labour movement, including former Northern Ireland Labour Party Member of Parliament David Bleakley.

The organisation called for reconciliation to end The Troubles, including an acceptance of Northern Ireland's status as part of the United Kingdom, the creation of links with the Republic of Ireland, and the inclusion of Sinn Féin in discussions.  It also called for the adoption of a bill of rights.

The group stood eighteen candidates in a number of constituencies, but took only 1,046 votes.  It did not undertake any further activity.

Northern Ireland Forum
The Northern Ireland Forum for Political Dialogue was a body set up in 1996 as part of a process of negotiations that eventually led to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.

The forum was elected, with five members being elected for each Westminster Parliamentary constituency for Northern Ireland, under the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.  There was also a "topup" of two seats for the ten parties polling most votes; this ensured that two loyalist parties associated with paramilitary groups were represented.  See members of the Northern Ireland Forum for a complete list.
Ilhi Synn
Dr. Ilhi Synn is a South Korean academic, and the President of Keimyung University from 1988–2004 and 2008–present.  As president, he transformed the school from a small college to a major university with over 24,000 students.  In 2007, Dr. Synn received the National Award of Korea for Lifetime Achievement. In 2011, Dr. Synn was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his commitment to enhance Korea-German relations.

Keimyung University
Keimyung University (Korean: 계명대학교), abbreviated as KMU or Keimyung, is a private university located in Daegu, the fourth largest city in South Korea. The university was founded in 1954 with the support of the leaders of the Northern Presbyterian Church of the U.S. as a Christian university. KMU is composed of three campuses in the city of Daegu, South Korea. They are named for their locations within the city; Daemyeong, which is near the downtown area; Seongseo, which is in the western part of the city; and Dongsan campus, which includes Dongsan Medical Center.

Keimyung University has relationships with more than 400 research and educational organizations worldwide as well as one of the largest communities of international professors in South Korea.
Danish Cricket Federation
The Danish Cricket Federation (Danish: Dansk Cricket Forbund; DCF) is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in the Kingdom of Denmark. Its headquarters is currently based in Brøndby, Copenhagen.

Brøndby Municipality
Brøndby Kommune (Danish: [ˈpʁɶnpy kʰoˈmuːnə]), a municipality (Danish: kommune) in the former Copenhagen County (now Region Hovedstaden), is on the east coast of the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 20.85 km2 (8.05 sq mi), and has a total population of 40,401 (2025).  Its mayor is Maja Højgaard, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party.

The site of its municipal council is the town of Brøndbyvester. Neighboring municipalities are Hvidovre to the east, Rødovre to the north, Glostrup to the north, Albertslund to the northwest, and Vallensbæk to the west.  To the south is Køge Bay (Køge Bugt).

The geography of Brøndby municipality was not affected by the nationwide Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007) on 1 January 2007.
Antonio Carrillo Flores
Antonio Carrillo Flores (June 23, 1909 – March 20, 1986) was a Mexican statesman, born in Mexico City. He was the second son of composer Julián Carrillo Trujillo, and older brother of Nabor Carrillo, rector of the National University and a distinguished scientist.

Julián Carrillo
Julián Carrillo Trujillo (January 28, 1875 – September 9, 1965) was a Mexican composer, conductor, violinist and music theorist, famous for developing a theory of microtonal music which he dubbed "The Thirteenth Sound" (Sonido 13).
Groenplaats
The Groenplaats (Green Square) is a large square in the center of the Belgian city of Antwerp, situated south of the Antwerp cathedral. There are various trees with benches on the square, which is a 'resting place'. A statue of Rubens, designed in 1840 and erected in 1843 by Willem Geefs, is in the center of the square. Adjacent lie many cafes as well as a Hilton hotel, located in the old Grand Bazar building. An underground parking garage and the Groenplaats metro station are situated underneath the square.

Guillaume Geefs
Guillaume Geefs (10 September 1805 – 19 January 1883), also Willem Geefs, was a Belgian sculptor. Although known primarily for his monumental works and public portraits of statesmen and nationalist figures, he also explored mythological subject matter, often with an erotic theme.
Porius
Porius is a genus of Papuan jumping spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1892. As of August 2019 it contains only two species, found only in Papua New Guinea: P. decempunctatus and P. papuanus.

Tamerlan Thorell
Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell (3 May 1830 – 22 December 1901) was a Swedish arachnologist.

Thorell studied spiders with Giacomo Doria at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genoa. He corresponded with other arachnologists, such as Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, Eugène Simon and Thomas Workman.

He described more than 1,000 spider species during his time from the 1850s to 1900.

Thorell wrote: On European Spiders (1869) and Synonym of European Spiders (1870-73).
Old Bridge, Hasankeyf
The Old Bridge (Turkish: Eski Köprü), also known as the Old Tigris Bridge, is a ruined four-arch bridge spanning the Tigris River in the town of Hasankeyf in Batman Province in southeastern Turkey. It was built by the Artuqid Turkmens in the mid-12th century, between about 1147 and 1167, and at the time its central arch was one of the largest in the world, if not the largest. The bridge was repaired by Ayyubid Kurdish and Aq Qoyunlu Turkmen rulers during the 14th and 15th centuries and appears to have eventually collapsed in the early or mid-17th century. The bridge's ruined piers still stand (two of them in the Tigris River), as does one arch. Since 2020 the ruins of the bridge, along with most of the town of Hasankeyf, have been submerged underwater by the filling of the Ilısu Dam reservoir.

Uzun Hasan
Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan (اوزون حسن; February or March 1425 – January 6, 1478) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Hasan was from the Bayandur tribe, and ruled between 1452 and 1478, presiding over the confederation's territorial apex, when it included parts or all of present-day Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, Transcaucasia and Syria.
Saptarishi Tila statue
The Saptarishi Tila statue, also called the Kambojika statue, is a statue of a woman found in the Saptarishi mound ("Saptarishi Tila") in Mathura. The statue is life-size and is now in the Mathura Museum. The statue was discovered by Bhagawanlal Indraji, at the same time and place as another important artifact, the Mathura lion capital, dated to the beginning of the 1st century CE.

The statue wears a sleeved blouse, a full skirt, and a torque and necklace like those of the Kamboj Bodhisattvas.

Government Museum, Mathura
Government Museum, Mathura, commonly referred to as Mathura museum, is an archaeological museum in Mathura city of Uttar Pradesh state in India. The museum was founded by then collector of the Mathura district, Sir F. S. Growse in 1874. Initially, it was known as Curzon Museum of Archaeology, then Archaeology Museum, Mathura, and finally changed to the Government Museum, Mathura.
Faith to Faithless
Faith to Faithless is a non-profit organisation in the United Kingdom dedicated to confronting discrimination against atheists and non-religious people, in particular discrimination towards individuals who have left minority religions. It provides support to people leaving religion and helps them to "come out" to friends and family and gives a platform for individuals to speak out publicly and to find mutual support in the wider atheist, secular and humanist communities. Faith to Faithless advocates for individuals and families leaving any religion, and aims to bring discussion and support for ex-religious people into the public domain.

Since 2017 Faith to Faithless has been incorporated as a programme within Humanists UK, formerly the British Humanist Association, the national charity supporting non-religious people.

Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious spirituality. These perspectives can vary, with individuals who identify as irreligious holding diverse beliefs about religion and its role in their lives.

Relatively little scholarly research was published on irreligion until around the year 2010.
Immune checkpoint
Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system. These pathways are crucial for self-tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking cells indiscriminately. However, some cancers can protect themselves from attack by stimulating immune checkpoint targets.

Inhibitory checkpoint molecules are targets for cancer immunotherapy due to their potential for use in multiple types of cancers. Currently approved checkpoint inhibitors block CTLA4, PD-1 and PD-L1. For the related basic science discoveries, James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo won the Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018.

Tasuku Honjo
Tasuku Honjo (本庶 佑, Honjo Tasuku; born January 27, 1942) is a Japanese physician-scientist and immunologist. He won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and is  best known for his identification of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). He is also known for his molecular identification of cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, as well as the discovery of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) that is essential for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation.

He was elected as a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (2001), as a member of German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina (2003), and also as a member of the Japan Academy (2005).

In 2018, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with James P. Allison. He and Allison together had won the 2014 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science for the same achievement.
Ray Schnittker
Raymond W. "Ray" Schnittker (born February 11, 1958, in Buffalo, New York) is a driver, trainer and owner of Standardbred harness racing horses who is also a Director of the United States Trotting Association His successful horses includes Hambletonian Stakes winner Deweycheatumnhowe.

In 2008, Ray Schnittker was voted the Dan Patch Trainer of the Year Award by the United States Harness Writers Association (USHWA).

Hambletonian Stakes
The Hambletonian Stakes is a major American harness race for three-year-old trotting horses, named in honor of Hambletonian 10, a foundation sire of the Standardbred horse breed, also known as the "Father of the American Trotter."  The first in the Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Trotters, the Hambletonian is currently held at the Meadowlands Racetrack in East Rutherford, New Jersey, on the first Saturday in August.