hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Free buses in Greater Manchester
Free bus is a zero-fare bus system that operates in Greater Manchester. The system was first introduced in Manchester city centre in 2002, with two routes linking the city's major thoroughfares and stations with its main commercial, financial and cultural districts.

Spinningfields
Spinningfields is an area of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. It developed in the 2000s between Deansgate and the River Irwell by Allied London Properties. The £1.5 billion project consists of 20 buildings, totalling approximately 430,000 m2 (4,600,000 sq ft) of commercial, residential, and retail space. It takes its name from Spinningfield, a narrow street which ran westwards from Deansgate. In 1968, Spinningfield and the area to the south were turned into Spinningfield Square, an open paved area. Landmark buildings within the scheme include the Manchester Civil Justice Centre and 1 Spinningfields, a 90 m (300 ft) tall office building.
Kahutara, New Zealand
Kahutara is a rural locality and a statistical area in the South Wairarapa District and Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island. The locality is east of Lake Wairarapa and west of Martinborough. The statistical area covers the area around Lake Wairarapa and extends southwest to Ocean Beach on Palliser Bay.

New Zealand census
The New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings (Māori: Te Tatauranga o ngā Tāngata Huri Noa i Aotearoa me ō rātou Whare Noho) is a national population and housing census conducted by Statistics New Zealand, a government department, every five years. There have been 34 censuses since 1851. In addition to providing detailed information about national demographics, the results of the census play an important part in the calculation of resource allocation to local service providers.

The 2023 census held on 7 March 2023 was the most recent, with the results being released from 29 May 2024 to August 2025.
JLO cocycle
In noncommutative geometry, the Jaffe–Lesniewski–Osterwalder (JLO) cocycle (named after Arthur Jaffe, Andrzej Lesniewski, and Konrad Osterwalder) is a cocycle in an entire cyclic cohomology group. It is a non-commutative version of the classic Chern character of the conventional differential geometry. In noncommutative geometry, the concept of a manifold is replaced by a noncommutative algebra  of "functions" on the putative noncommutative space. The cyclic cohomology of the algebra  contains the information about the topology of that noncommutative space, very much as the de Rham cohomology contains the information about the topology of a conventional manifold.

The JLO cocycle is associated with a metric structure of non-commutative differential geometry known as a -summable spectral triple (also known as a -summable Fredholm module). It was first introduced in a 1988 paper by Jaffe, Lesniewski, and Osterwalder.

Konrad Osterwalder
Konrad Osterwalder (3 June 1942 – 19 December 2025) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist, Undersecretary-General of the United Nations, Rector of the United Nations University (UNU), and Rector Emeritus of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich). He was known for the Osterwalder–Schrader theorem.
Crescentini
Crescentini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carolina Crescentini (born 1980), Italian actress

Dino Crescentini (1947–2008), Sammarinese bobsledder

Federico Crescentini (1982–2006), Sammarinese footballer

Francesco Florimo (1800–1888), Italian librarian, musicologist, historian of music and composer

Giorgio Crescentini (born 1950), Sammarinese footballer

Girolamo Crescentini (1762–1846), Italian singer castrato, singing teacher and composer

Dino Crescentini
Dino Crescentini (22 September 1947 – 22 June 2008) was a Sammarinese bobsledder and racing driver. He competed in the two man event at the 1994 Winter Olympics. He was killed while taking part in a motor race in Canada in 2008.
Armin von Gerkan
Armin von Gerkan (November 30, 1885 in Subate, Courland Governorate – December 22, 1969 in Garstedt, present Norderstedt, Germany) was a Baltic German classical archaeologist and member of an aristocratic family. He was an expert for archaeological building research and joint founder of Robert Johann Koldewey Society (Koldewey-Gesellschaft e.V.)  in Berlin. Gerkan is a seminal figure in ancient architectural history.  His report "Griechische Stadtanlagen" (1924) is still consulted today as a basic text for ancient city planning, and his methodology has been widely adopted.

Architect Meinhard von Gerkan (born 1935 Riga) was a relative of his.

Courland Governorate
Courland Governorate, also known as the Province of Courland or Governorate of Kurland, and known from 1795 to 1796 as the Viceroyalty of Courland, was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire. Its area roughly corresponded to Kurzeme, Zemgale and Sēlija of modern-day Latvia.
Alfred A. Robb House
The Alfred A. Robb House is a historic house in Clarksville, Tennessee. It was built in 1859 for Alfred Robb, a graduate of the University of Nashville and lawyer who served on the board of the Masonic College, now known as Austin Peay State University. Robb lived here with his wife, née Mary E. Conrad, and their five children. One of their sons, James E. Bailey, served as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1877 to 1881.

The house was designed in the Italianate architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 22, 2000.

Austin Peay State University
Austin Peay State University (APSU; /piː/) is a public university in Clarksville, Tennessee, United States. Standing on a site occupied by a succession of educational institutions since 1845, the precursor of the university was established in 1927 and named for then-sitting Governor Austin Peay, who is further honored with "Governors", the name of the university's athletic teams. Affiliated with the Tennessee Board of Regents, it is now governed by the Austin Peay State University Board of Trustees as of May 2017. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) and, in 2012, was the fastest-growing university in Tennessee. In 2025, Austin Peay State University hit 11,185 registered students for the fall semester.
Popple Creek, Minnesota
Popple Creek is an unincorporated community in Mayhew Lake Township, Benton County, Minnesota, United States.  The community is located near the junction of Benton County Roads 3 and 4.  Nearby places include Sauk Rapids and Foley.

Sauk Rapids, Minnesota
Sauk Rapids (/sɔːk/ SAWK) is a city in Benton County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,862 at the 2020 census and is 13,896 according to 2021 census estimates, about a third of Benton County's population. It is on a set of rapids on the Mississippi River near its confluence with the Sauk River.

Sauk Rapids is part of the St. Cloud metropolitan area.
Krzywnica
Krzywnica [kʂɨvˈnit͡sa] (German: Uchtenhagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Dąbrowa, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Stara Dąbrowa, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Stargard, and 41 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Stargard County
Stargard County (Polish: powiat stargardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Stargard, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains four other towns: Chociwel, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Stargard, Dobrzany, 27 km (17 mi) east of Stargard, Ińsko, 37 km (23 mi) east of Stargard, and Suchań, 21 km (13 mi) east of Stargard.

The county covers an area of 1,519.59 square kilometres (586.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 119,402, out of which the population of Stargard is 70,534, that of Chociwel is 3,285, that of Dobrzany is 2,420, that of Ińsko is 2,001, that of Suchań is 1,446, and the rural population is 39,716.
Natalya Spiridonova (athlete, born 1963)
Natalya Spiridonova (born 6 April 1963) is a Russian former athlete who specialized in racewalking. She competed in the 5000 metres race walk, 10 kilometres race walk and 20 kilometres race walk for the Soviet Union. She competed at the European Athletics Indoor Championships in 1988 European Athletics Indoor Championships, where she placed sixth in the women's 3000 metres walk event. She also took part in the 1986 Goodwill Games where she competed in the 10 kilometers walk event. She had her best ranking in the 5 km race walk in the 1988 World Year Ranking, where she was ranked third. In 1983, Natalya won gold at the 1983 Soviet Athletics Championships in the 10 Kilometres race walk.

10 kilometres race walk
The 10 kilometres race walk, or 10-kilometer racewalk, is a racewalking event.  The event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it.  10 kilometers is 6.2 miles.
Area code 321
Area code 321 is an area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Brevard and Seminole counties, and the Space Coast region in the U.S. state of Florida. The area code was activated in 2000, as an overlay for  the Orlando area.

Prior to October 2021, the area code had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988, which created conflicts given the designation of 988 as a three-digit code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. In 2020, the Federal Communications Commission ordered 82 area codes to transition to ten-digit dialing, including 321, in the area not overlaid by 407. Per the timeline set by the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), permissive dialing began on April 24, 2021, and 10-digit dialing was required on October 24, 2021.

American Space Museum volunteer Robert Osband petitioned the creation of area code 321. The code refers to the countdown sequence which has launched many spacecraft from Cape Canaveral.

Ten-digit dialing
Ten-digit dialing is a telephone dialing procedure in the countries and territories of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is the practice of including the area code of a telephone number when dialing to initiate a telephone call. When necessary, the ten-digit number may be prefixed with the trunk code 1, which is referred to as 1+10-digit dialing or national format.
Gorle Kiran Kumar
Gorle Kiran Kumar (born 1972) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election on YSRCP ticket from Etcherla constituency in Srikakulam district. He defeated Kimidi Kalavenkata Rao of Telugu Desam Party by a margin of 18,711 votes. Despite opposition from local leaders, he was nominated again to contest from the Etcherla seat for the 2024 Assembly Election.

2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on 13 May 2024 for constituting the sixteenth Andhra Pradesh Assembly. They were held alongside the 2024 Indian general election. The election results were declared on 4 June 2024.

The political alliance Kutami, led by the Telugu Desam Party, won the election in a landslide, winning 164 of the 175 seats. The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won 135 out of 144 contested seats. In comparison, the Janasena Party (JSP) won all the 21 seats it contested and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 8 out of 10 contested seats. The incumbent YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) only won 11 seats. The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) comprising Indian National Congress (INC), Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) failed to win any seats, for the third time continuously in a row.
George Adey
George W. Adey (1869 – after 1901) was an English professional footballer born in Handsworth, Birmingham, who played as a wing half or inside forward. He made 71 appearances for Small Heath in the Football League, and went on to play for Kettering of the Southern League.

In a 1901 profile of the Small Heath club and players in the Daily Express, C.B. Fry wrote that "Adey is not showy, but he is a fine tackler, and remarkably persistent", and that he and his half-back colleagues Alex Leake and Walter Wigmore "get through an amount of work that is simply astonishing".

Handsworth, West Midlands
Handsworth (grid reference SP035905) is an inner-city area of Birmingham in the county of the West Midlands, England. Historically in Staffordshire, Handsworth lies just outside Birmingham City Centre and near the town of Smethwick. In 2021 the ward had a population of 11,820.
Baqerabad, Dashtabi
Baqerabad (Persian: باقراباد, also Romanized as Bāqerābād; also known as Baghirābād) is a village in Dashtabi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Dashtabi District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 67, in 15 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
La Bastide-Puylaurent
La Bastide-Puylaurent (French pronunciation: [la bastid pɥiloʁɑ̃]; Occitan: Puèglaurenç) is a commune in the southern French department of Lozère.

The Trappist monastery Notre-Dame-des-Neiges (Our Lady of the Snows), visited by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1878 and described in his book Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes, is about one and a half miles east of the village, in the department of Ardèche. The Robert Louis Stevenson Trail (GR 70), a popular long-distance path approximately following Stevenson's journey, runs through the village.

Lozère
Lozère (French pronunciation: [lɔzɛʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Losera [luˈzeɾɔ]) is a landlocked department in the region of Occitanie in southern France, located near the Massif Central, bounded to the northeast by Haute-Loire, to the east by Ardèche, to the south by Gard, to the west by Aveyron, and the northwest by Cantal. It is named after Mont Lozère. With 76,604 inhabitants as of 2019, Lozère is the least populous French department.
Aylacostoma chloroticum
Aylacostoma chloroticum is a species of freshwater snail, aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Hemisinidae. This species is found in Argentina and Paraguay. It was feared that the species had become extinct in the wild as a consequence of the building of the Yacyretá Dam on the Paraná River, but a single small wild population remains. A captive "safety" population is jointly managed by the National University of Misiones and Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Museum. Its relatives A. brunneum, A. guaraniticum and A. stigmaticum from the same region had a similar fate, but the first only survives in captivity (extinct in the wild) and the last two are entirely extinct.

National University of Misiones
The National University of Misiones (in Spanish: Universidad Nacional de Misiones, UNaM) is a public university in Argentina. It has a publishing house and a radio station, LRH301 FM Universidad Nacional de Misiones, that streams in Ogg Vorbis format.
Comparison of digital and film photography
The merits of digital versus film photography were considered by photographers and filmmakers in the early 21st century after consumer digital cameras became widely available. Digital photography and digital cinematography have both advantages and disadvantages relative to still film and motion picture film photography. In the 21st century, photography came to be predominantly digital, but traditional photochemical methods continue to serve many users and applications.

Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm).

In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. It is also responsible for the appearance of DNA mutations leading to skin cancers.

Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. Photochemical paths access high-energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes.  Photochemistry can also be destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics.
Greatest Hits (Scarface album)
Greatest Hits is the first compilation album by American rapper Scarface. It was released on October 22, 2002 via Rap-A-Lot/Virgin Records. Composed of 17 previously released songs from his solo albums and a new song, it was produced by Scarface himself, N.O. Joe, Mike Dean, Tone Capone, John Bido, Kanye West, Leslie Brathwaite, Mr. Lee, and J Prince, who also served as executive producer. It features guest appearances from Devin the Dude, 2Pac, Beanie Sigel, Ice Cube, Jay-Z, Johnny P., Master P, Tela and Too $hort.

In the United States, the album peaked at number 40 on the Billboard 200 and number 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. Later the same year, a chopped and screwed remix version of the album was released entitled Greatest Hits Chopped Up, with slightly different track listing, edited by DJ Michael "5000" Watts.

In 2010, Rhapsody called it one of the best "coke rap" albums of all time.

Devin the Dude
Devin Charles Copeland (born June 4, 1969), better known by his stage name Devin the Dude, is an American rapper from Houston, Texas, whose career has spanned multiple decades and helped shape Southern hip hop; he is widely regarded as a pioneer of stoner rap and an “everyman” storyteller associated with lifestyle-focused narratives. In 2025, he co-created Coughee by Devin the Dude, a hemp and cannabis-culture brand.
Cort van der Linden cabinet
The Cort van der Linden cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 29 August 1913 until 9 September 1918. The cabinet was formed by Independent Liberal Pieter Cort van der Linden after the election of 1913 and received confidence and supply in the House of Representatives from other Independent Liberals and several members of the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB), Christian Historical Union (CHU) and the Liberal Union (LU) and from 15 December 1917 also the Economic League (EL). The centre cabinet was officially a minority government in the House of Representatives but was also supported by additional members of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) for a majority. It was the last cabinet with a Liberal Prime Minister until Mark Rutte became Prime Minister 92 years later on 14 October 2010.

Free-thinking Democratic League
The Free-thinking Democratic League (Dutch: Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond, VDB) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands. Established in 1901, it played a relatively large role in Dutch politics, supplying one Prime Minister, Wim Schermerhorn. The League is a predecessor of two of the major Dutch political parties, the conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the social democratic Labour Party (PvdA). The social liberal Democrats 66 also claims an ideological connection with the VDB.
Yum China
Yum China Holdings, Inc. (Chinese: 百胜中国; pinyin: Bǎishèng Zhōngguó) is an  American-Chinese Fortune 500 fast-food restaurant company based in Shanghai, China. With US$9.5 billion in revenue and 10,600 restaurants worldwide it is one of the largest restaurant companies. It was spun off from Yum! Brands in 2016, becoming an independent, publicly traded company on November 1, 2016. Yum China is a trademark licensee of Yum Brands, paying 3% of total systemwide sales to Yum Brands. It operates 8,484 restaurants in over 1,100 cities located in every province and autonomous region in mainland China. It has a workforce of 450,000 employees. Since the stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the company has an office in Plano, Texas, for SEC filings.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
Mary W. Gray
Mary Lee Wheat Gray (born in Hastings on April 8, 1938) is an American mathematician, statistician, and lawyer. She is the author of books and papers in the fields of mathematics, mathematics education, computer science, applied statistics, economic equity, discrimination law, and academic freedom.

She was founding member and first president of the Association for Women in Mathematics.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Powell Mountain
Powell Mountain (or "Powells Mountain") is a mountain ridge of the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians of the Appalachian Mountains. It is a long and narrow ridge, running northeast to southwest, from about Norton, Virginia, to near Tazewell, Tennessee. It separates the Clinch River basin and the Powell River basin of Powell Valley. It was named for an 18th-century explorer.

Tazewell, Tennessee
Tazewell is a town in and the county seat of Claiborne County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 2,165 at the 2000 census, 2,218 at the 2010 census, and 2,348 at the 2020 census. The town is named for Tazewell, Virginia, which itself was named for Henry Tazewell (1753–1799), a U.S. senator from Virginia.