hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Putinland
Putinland is a political neologism referring to Russia under the rule of Vladimir Putin. The term has been used in various contexts, from portraying Russia as a corrupt and murderous regime where the line between security forces and organized crime is blurred, to a military industrial oil and gas concern that is ready to swat away criticism at home, squash troublesome neighbours, and sacrifice personal freedoms in the name of a strong centralised state.

Regime
In politics, a regime (also spelled régime) is a system of government that determines access to public office, and the extent of power held by officials. The two broad categories of regimes are democratic and autocratic. A key similarity across all regimes is the presence of rulers of both formal and informal institutions, which interact dynamically to adapt to changes to their environment.
Vallum
Vallum is either the whole or a portion of the fortifications of a Roman camp. The vallum usually comprised an earthen or turf rampart (Agger) with a wooden palisade on top, with a deep outer ditch (fossa). The name is derived from vallus (a stake), and properly means the palisade which ran along the outer edge of the top of the agger, but is usually used to refer to the whole fortification.

Agger (ancient Rome)
An agger (Latin) is an ancient Roman linear mound or embankment. The word is sometimes applied to fortifications, such as the Agger Servianus, a part of the Servian Wall of Rome, which protected the city on its most vulnerable side, the Campus Esquilinus. It consisted of a double rampart bearing formidable fortifications. In modern usage however, particularly in British archaeology, it is most commonly used to describe the ridge or embankment on which Roman roads were built. The course of a Roman road can often be traced today by the distinctive line of the agger across the landscape and even when destroyed by agriculture, the vestigial mound that can persist has allowed archaeologists in recent years to trace the course of many Roman roads using lidar.
Hodoedocus
In Greek mythology, Hodoedocus or Hodedocus (/həˈdɛdəkəs/; Ancient Greek: Ὁδοίδοκος) was a son of Cynus and grandson of Opus. His father and sister, Larymna, were eponyms of the cities Kynos in Locris and Larymna in Boeotia respectively.

Hodoedocus was the father of Oileus by Agrianome, daughter of Perseon, and of Calliarus by Laonome.

Locris
Locris (/ˈloʊkrɪs, ˈlɒk-/; Modern Greek: Λοκρίδα, romanized: Lokrída; Ancient Greek: Λοκρίς, romanized: Lokrís) was a region of ancient Greece, the homeland of the Locrians, made up of three distinct districts.
Watsonia versfeldii
Watsonia versfeldii is a plant belonging to the genus Watsonia and forming part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Piketberg and Porterville Mountains. There are a few small scattered, subpopulations but there are no threats to the plant.

Piketberg
Piketberg (also sometimes spelt Piquetberg in the past) is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa, located about 80 km east of Saldanha Bay.  The original spelling of the name was "Piquetberg". The town is in the foothills of the Piketberg mountains, a range of low mountains formed from Table Mountain Sandstone.

The area around the mountains is conducive to the farming of wheat, while the area on top of the Piketberg Mountains range (called Piket-Bo-Berg), being cooler and generally frost-free, is suited to the farming of fruit and Rooibos Tea.  Piketberg has a large Dutch Reformed Church designed by the architect Carl Otto Hager in his trademark neo-Gothic style.
Chaplin: His Life and Art
Chaplin: His Life and Art is a 1985 book (revised second edition 2001) by film critic David Robinson which examines the life and works of Sir Charlie Chaplin. Along with Chaplin's 1964 book My Autobiography, it was used as source material for the 1992 film Chaplin. The idea for the book originated with Chaplin's long-time collaborator and producer Jerome Epstein.

Jerome Epstein (director)
Jerome Leonard Epstein (January 17, 1922 – November 16, 1991) was an American director, screenwriter and producer known for his nearly 30-year professional collaboration and friendship with Charlie Chaplin and his son Sydney Chaplin.
OCZ
OCZ was a brand of Toshiba that was used for some of its solid-state drives (SSDs) before they were rebranded with Toshiba.  OCZ Storage Solutions was a manufacturer of SSDs based in San Jose, California, USA and was the new company formed after the sale of OCZ Technology Group's SSD assets to Toshiba Corporation.  Since entering the memory market as OCZ Technology in 2002, the company has targeted its products primarily at the computer hardware enthusiast market, producing performance DDR SDRAM, video cards, USB drives, power supply units, and various cooling products.

OCZ Storage Solutions was dissolved on April 1, 2016 and absorbed into Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc, which later then became Kioxia.

Power supply unit (computer)
A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a desktop computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the main voltage.

Most modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the ATX specification, which includes form factor and voltage tolerances. While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5-volt standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard. They also provide a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC voltages are in spec, so that the computer is able to safely power up and boot. The most recent ATX PSU standard is version 3.1 as of mid 2025.
Juha Uotila
Juha Uotila is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for Kiekko-Espoo of the Suomi-sarja.

Uotila played hockey for the University of Nebraska-Omaha Mavericks. He played one season with the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League before returning to Europe.

Suomi-sarja
The Suomi-sarja is Finland's third highest ice hockey league. Suomi-sarja has 14 teams. Suomi-sarja has been played since the 1999–2000 season. Prior to this, Finland's third league had been Division II since 1975 and before that the Provincial Series since 1947. During the 1990s the series also included an Estonian team. The series was played in two segments in the 2006–2007 season. During the 2007–2008 season there were four divisions. Teams playing in the Suomi-sarja can be relegated to the 2. Divisioona or promoted to Mestis.

During the 2022–23 season, there are 13 teams. The eight best teams continue to the playoffs and the worst two teams play in the qualifiers against 2. divisioona teams. The Suomi-sarja champion and the runner-up advance to Mestis qualifiers.
Pichação
Pichação, sometimes misspelled as pixação (Portuguese pronunciation: [piʃaˈsɐ̃w]), is the name given to a type of Brazilian graffiti. It consists of tagging done in a distinctive, cryptic style, mainly on walls and vacant buildings. Many pichadores (pichação painters) compete to paint in high and inaccessible places, using such techniques as free climbing and abseiling to reach the locations. Pichação is mostly condemned both by society and the government as an act of vandalism. The main difference between graffiti and pichação is both the consenting nature and benevolent artistic expression of graffiti, whereas pichação is made as an act of vandalism without consent and to uglify a public space as a form of protest and social validation.

Abseiling
Abseiling (/ˈæbseɪl/ AB-sayl or /ˈɑːpzaɪl/ AHP-zyle; from German  abseilen 'to rope down'), also known as rappelling (/ˈræpɛl/ RAP-pell or /rəˈpɛl/ rə-PELL; from French  rappeler 'to recall, to pull through'), is the controlled descent of a steep slope, such as a rock face, by moving down a rope. When abseiling, the person descending controls their own movement down a static or fixed rope, in contrast to lowering off, in which the rope attached to the person descending is payed out by their belayer.
Canton of Saint-Chamond-Nord
The canton of Saint-Chamond-Nord is a French former administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Rhône-Alpes region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of part of the commune of Saint-Chamond, which joined the new canton of Saint-Chamond in 2015. It had 17,001 inhabitants (2012).

Canton of Saint-Chamond
The canton of Saint-Chamond is an administrative division of the Loire department, in eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Chamond.

It consists of the following communes:

L'Horme

Saint-Chamond
Haley Stevens
Haley Maria Stevens (born June 24, 1983) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 11th congressional district since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, Stevens represents most of urbanized Oakland County, including many of Detroit's northern suburbs. She is currently a candidate in the 2026 U.S. Senate election in Michigan.

Metro Detroit
Metro Detroit is a major metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Michigan, consisting of the city of Detroit and over 200 municipalities in the surrounding area. There are varied definitions of the area, including the official statistical areas designated by the Office of Management and Budget, a federal agency of the United States.

Metro Detroit is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, popular music, food, cultural diversity, and sports. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches, with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes. Metro Detroit also has one of the largest metropolitan economies in the U.S. with 17 Fortune 500 companies.
Godfrey Stone
The Ven. Godfrey Owen Stone, FRGS (born 15 December 1949) is a British clergyman who was Archdeacon of Stoke from 2002 until 2013.

He was ordained deacon in 1981, and priest in 1982. After a curacy at Rushden-with-Newton Bromswold he was Director of Pastoral Studies at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford from  1987 to 1992. He was Team Rector at Bucknall from 1992 to 2002; and Rural Dean of Stoke-upon-Trent from 1998 to 2002.

He has been chair of the ecumenical Christian charity 'The Friends of the Church in China' since 2017 (www.thefcc.org).

Rushden
Rushden is a town and civil parish in the North Northamptonshire district, in the county of Northamptonshire, England, around 18 miles (29 km) east of Northampton. The parish is on the border with Bedfordshire, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bedford.

The parish of Rushden covers an area of some 9,001 acres (36.43 km2). The population of Rushden is 32,038, making it the fifth largest town in the county.  The larger urban area, which includes the adjoining town of Higham Ferrers, has a population of 40,865.
Photosensitive anodized aluminum
Photosensitive anodized aluminum, also referred to as photo anodized aluminum or photo metal, utilizes the porous nature of unsealed anodized aluminum  to create a sub-surface image. The image can be created either through exposure and development of an anodic layer impregnated with silver compounds (Type 1), much like traditional black and white photography, or through the use of a photomask (Type 2) and chemical etching, color addition, or color subtraction.

Photomask
A photomask (also simply called a mask) is an opaque plate with transparent areas that allow light to shine through in a defined pattern. Photomasks are commonly used in photolithography for the production of integrated circuits (ICs or "chips") to produce a pattern on a thin wafer of material (usually silicon). In semiconductor manufacturing, a mask is sometimes called a reticle.

In photolithography, several masks are used in turn, each one reproducing a layer of the completed design, and together known as a mask set. A curvilinear photomask has patterns with curves, which is a departure from conventional photomasks which only have patterns that are completely vertical or horizontal, known as manhattan geometry. These photomasks require special equipment to manufacture.
Deuterophysa fernaldi
Deuterophysa fernaldi is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1983. It is found in Cuba and the south-eastern United States, where it has been recorded from Florida.

Adults have been recorded on wing from January to October and in December in Florida.

The larvae feed on Psychotria nervosa.

Psychotria nervosa
Psychotria nervosa, also known as Seminole balsamo or wild coffee, is a shade tolerant medium-sized shrub native to Florida as well as the West Indies and Central and South America. It produces a "small, red, ellipsoid fruit" that resembles "the true coffee bean" in shape and attract birds. Its maximum height ranges from approximately 4–10 feet.

Despite its common name of wild coffee, this species is not known to contain any caffeine. In recounting anecdotes from others, the Florida ethnobotanist, Dan Austin, reported that the use of the seeds as a coffee substitute resulted in "only bad taste and terrible headaches." A similar account reported no known usage as a coffee substitute in Jamaica and noted the morphological similarity of its seed to coffee, the more likely reason for its common name being wild coffee. Reports of DMT in this species are also unsubstantiated.
Vicarious Hypothesis
The Vicarious Hypothesis, or hypothesis vicaria, was a planetary hypothesis proposed by Johannes Kepler to describe the motion of Mars. The hypothesis adopted the circular orbit and equant of Ptolemy's planetary model as well as the heliocentrism of the Copernican model. Calculations using the Vicarious Hypothesis did not support a circular orbit for Mars, leading Kepler to propose elliptical orbits as one of three laws of planetary motion in Astronomia Nova.

Circular orbit
A circular orbit is an orbit with a fixed distance around the barycenter; that is, in the shape of a circle.
In this case, not only the distance, but also the speed, angular speed, potential and kinetic energy are constant. There is no periapsis or apoapsis. This orbit has no radial version.

Listed below is a circular orbit in astrodynamics or celestial mechanics under standard assumptions. Here the centripetal force is the gravitational force, and the axis mentioned above is the line through the center of the central mass perpendicular to the orbital plane.
Sikkim State Commission For Women
Sikkim State Commission for Women is a statutory body constituted in the year 1993 to deal with the issues relating to crime against women in the state of Sikkim. The commission for welfare of women in the state was set up by Sikkim Government as a quasi-judicial body.

Quasi-judicial body
A quasi-judicial body is a non-judicial body which can interpret law. It is an entity such as an arbitration panel or tribunal board, which can be a public administrative agency (not part of the judicial branch of government) but also a contract- or private law entity, which has been given powers and procedures resembling those of a court of law or judge and which is obliged to objectively determine facts and draw conclusions from them so as to provide the basis of an official action. Such actions are able to remedy a situation or impose legal penalties, and they may affect the legal rights, duties or privileges of specific parties.
AC Palmanova
Associazione Calcio Palmanova, or simply Palmanova, was an Italian association football club located in Palmanova, Friuli-Venezia Giulia. In 2010 it was dissolved and since then it has been carrying out only youth activities.

Terza Categoria
The Terza Categoria is the lowest level of amateur football in Italy.  It is the ninth level in the Italian football league system. Each individual league winner within the Terza Categoria level progresses to their closest regional league in the Seconda Categoria level.  Unlike all the levels above the Terza Categoria, there is no relegation.

This level of Italian football is completely amateur and is run on a provincial level from the Local and Provincial Committees. It is also the only Italian football division where head coaches are not requested to own any license released by the federation.

In theory, this is the final league in Italy from which a team can rise the ranks and eventually become Serie A champions.
The Maniacal Vale
The Maniacal Vale is the fifth studio album by the British funeral doom metal band Esoteric. It is a double album and was released on 26 June 2008 through French label Season of Mist. Recorded, mixed and mastered by Esoteric at Priory Recording Studios. Artwork by Kati Astraeir.

Season of Mist
Season of Mist is an independent record label and record distributor with subsidiaries in France and the United States. The record label was founded in 1996 by Michael S. Berberian in Marseille, France. From the start releasing black metal, pagan metal, and death metal records, the label moved on to releasing albums of avant-garde metal, gothic metal and punk bands as well. The label has two offices, one in Marseille, France and one in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Season of Mist's name originates from The Sandman: Season of Mists, which in turn comes from the opening phrase of John Keats' "To Autumn".
Jimmy Jump
Jaume Marquet i Cot (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʒawmə məɾˈkɛt i kɔt]), more popularly known as Jimmy Jump (born 14 March 1976), is a streaker from Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain, known for interfering in several major entertainment and sporting events.

László Kubala
László Kubala (10 June 1927 – 17 May 2002) was a professional footballer. He played as a forward for Ferencváros, Slovan Bratislava, Barcelona, and Espanyol, among other clubs. Regarded as one of the greatest players in history, Kubala is considered a hero of Barcelona. He was born in Hungary but also had Czechoslovak and Spanish citizenship, and played for the national teams of all three countries.

Kubala was noted for his quick and skilful dribbling, composed and powerful finishing, and accuracy from free kicks. During the 1950s, he was a leading member of the successful Barcelona team, scoring 280 goals in 345 appearances (including unofficial goals). During the club's 1999 centenary celebrations, a fan's poll declared Kubala the best player ever to play for the Spanish club. After retiring as a player, he had two spells as coach of Barcelona and also coached both Spain's senior national team and Spain national under-21 football team.
Robert Kinkel
Robert  Kinkel is an American professional session keyboardist and music engineer most known for his role as a co-creator/co-producer/co-composer and touring keyboardist with Trans-Siberian Orchestra along with extensive studio work with the progressive metal band Savatage. He attended Hamilton College and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in music with a minor in physics.

Christmas Eve and Other Stories
Christmas Eve and Other Stories is the debut studio album by American symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. It was released on October 15, 1996, through Lava Records and Atlantic Records. It is the first album in the band's "Christmas trilogy", with The Christmas Attic (1998) and The Lost Christmas Eve (2004) coming afterward. All three albums, as well as their The Ghosts of Christmas Eve DVD, were featured in the box set of The Christmas Trilogy. The album's cover art was created by Edgar Jerins.

The album became one of the best-selling Christmas albums of all time in the U.S. and has been certified 3× platinum by the RIAA for selling 3 million copies in the US. As of November 2016, the album track "Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24" has sold 1.3 million downloads, becoming one of the best-selling Christmas songs of all time in the US as well.
Momiki Tameike Dam
Momiki Tameike (Japanese: 籾木溜池) is an earthfill dam located in Miyazaki Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 1 km2. The dam impounds about 19  ha of land when full and can store 167 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1914.

Miyazaki Prefecture
Miyazaki Prefecture (宮崎県, Miyazaki-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.jaꜜ.(d)za.kʲi, -ja.(d)za.kʲi̥ꜜ.keɴ, -(d)zaꜜ.kʲi̥.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Miyazaki Prefecture has a population of 1,028,215 as of 1 January 2025 and has a geographic area of 7,735 km2 (2,986 sq mi). Miyazaki Prefecture borders Ōita Prefecture to the north, Kumamoto Prefecture to the northwest, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the southwest.

Miyazaki is the capital and largest city of Miyazaki Prefecture, with other major cities including Miyakonojō, Nobeoka, and Hyūga. Miyazaki Prefecture is located in southeastern Kyūshū on Japan's Pacific coast, with its coastline extending from Nobeoka near the entrance to the Bungo Channel to Shibushi Bay in Kushima.
Eduard Matusevich
Eduard Antonovich Matusevich (Belarusian: Эдуард Антонавіч Матусевіч; born 16 November 1937) is a retired Soviet speed skater who won a gold, a bronze and a silver medal at the European championships in 1965, 1967 and 1968, respectively. He competed at the 1964 and 1968 Winter Olympics in the 1,500 m event and finished in sixth and eighth place, respectively. He was all-round national champion in 1964–1966 and 1966 and won five individual titles in 1963–1966.

His personal bests were

500 m – 40.6 (1968)

1500 m – 2:04.5 (1968)

5000 m – 7:35.1 (1965)

10000 m – 15:43.6 (1968)

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Turrialba Volcano National Park
Turrialba Volcano National Park, or in Spanish the Parque Nacional Volcan Turrialba is a national park in the Central Conservation Area of Costa Rica that encompasses the area around the Turrialba Volcano in Cartago Province.

Major eruptions in the past have occurred in the years between 1864 and 1868.  Volcanism increased in the park starting in 2014 and has featured ash clouds that have repeatedly impacted portions of Costa Rica with deposits of gritty soot and caused temporary closures of Juan Santamaría International Airport in the capital city of San Jose.

Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by various processes, such as radioactive decay or tidal heating. This heat partially melts solid material in the body or turns material into gas. The mobilized material rises through the body's interior and may break through the solid surface.