hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valvisciolo Abbey
Valvisciolo Abbey is a Cistercian monastery in the province of Latina, central Italy, near the towns of Sermoneta and Ninfa.

It is an example of rigorous Romanesque-Cistercian architecture, considered a masterpiece of that style in central Italy second only to the nearby Fossanova Abbey.

Cistercian architecture
Cistercian architecture is a style of architecture associated with the churches, monasteries and abbeys of the Roman Catholic Cistercian Order. It was heavily influenced by Bernard of Clairvaux (d. 1153), who believed that churches should avoid superfluous ornamentation so as not to distract from prayer. Although a few images of religious subjects were allowed, such as the crucifix, elaborate figures common in medieval churches were prohibited. Later abbeys were constructed in Renaissance and Baroque styles, which were more ornate by nature.

Most of the famous Cistercian abbeys were begun in the 12th and 13th centuries and were located in remote valleys.
Minorities in Iraq
Minorities in Iraq have been incredibly influential to the history of the country, and consist of various ethnic and religious groups. The largest minority group in Iraq is the Kurds, with Turkmen following shortly after. Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Assyrians constituted a sizeable population of 1.5 million, and belonged to various different churches such as the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, and the Syriac Orthodox/Catholic Churches. Other minority groups in Iraq include Armenians, Mandaeans, Baha'i, and Marsh Arabs, among others.

Shabak Brigade
The Shabak Brigade, also known as the Shabak Militia or Liwa al-Shabak (Arabic: لواء الشبك), is an Iraqi armed group that was formed in 2014. The group was initially formed with around 1,500 militiamen in order to recover the Nineveh Plains from the Islamic State (ISIS).
Fumarase
Fumarase (or fumarate hydratase) is an enzyme (EC 4.2.1.2) that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of fumarate to malate. Fumarase comes in two forms: mitochondrial and cytosolic. The mitochondrial isoenzyme is involved in the Krebs cycle and the cytosolic isoenzyme is involved in the metabolism of amino acids and fumarate. Subcellular localization is established by the presence of a signal sequence on the amino terminus in the mitochondrial form, while subcellular localization in the cytosolic form is established by the absence of the signal sequence found in the mitochondrial variety.

This enzyme participates in 2 metabolic pathways: citric acid cycle and reductive citric acid cycle (CO2 fixation), and is also important in renal cell carcinoma. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the  development of leiomyomas in the skin and uterus in combination with renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC syndrome).

Reverse Krebs cycle
The reverse Krebs cycle (also known as the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, the reverse TCA cycle, or the reverse citric acid cycle, or the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, or the reductive TCA cycle) 
is a sequence of chemical reactions that are used by some bacteria and archaea to produce carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by the use of energy-rich reducing agents as electron donors.

The reaction is the citric acid cycle run in reverse. Where the Krebs cycle takes carbohydrates and oxidizes them to CO2 and water, the reverse cycle takes CO2 and H2O to make carbon compounds.
This process is used by some bacteria (such as Aquificota) to synthesize carbon compounds, sometimes using hydrogen, sulfide, or thiosulfate as electron donors. This process can be seen as an alternative to the fixation of inorganic carbon in the  Calvin cycle which occurs in a wide variety of microbes and higher organisms.
2006–07 2. Bundesliga
The 2006–07 2. Bundesliga was the 33rd season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of Germany football league.

Karlsruher SC, FC Hansa Rostock and MSV Duisburg were promoted to the Bundesliga. Rot-Weiss Essen, SpVgg Unterhaching, SV Wacker Burghausen and Eintracht Braunschweig were relegated to the Regionalliga.

SpVgg Unterhaching
Spielvereinigung Unterhaching (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpiːlfɛɐ̯ˈʔaɪ̯nɪɡʊŋ ʔʊntɐˈhaxɪŋ]) is a German sports club in Unterhaching, a semi-rural municipality on the southern outskirts of the Bavarian capital Munich. The club is widely known for playing in the first-division association football league Bundesliga alongside its more famous cousins, Bayern Munich and 1860 Munich, for two seasons between 1999 and 2001, while the club's bobsleigh department has captured several world and Olympic titles. The football team won promotion into the 3. Liga (third tier) after beating Cottbus 4–1 on aggregate in June 2023.
Alican Karataş
Alican Karataş (born 9 September 1991) is a Turkish curler, and member of the Turkey men's national curling team.

He began curling at Sital Spor in Ankara in 2009. Karataş curled with the Turkish national team, which captured the gold medal at the 5th Debrecen Bonspiel. He skipped at the European Curling Championships-Group B in Karlstad, Sweden following his team's promotion from Group C.

Karakaş took part at the 2013 European Junior Curling Challenge#Men in Prague, Czech Republic, which was the qualifying tournament for the 2013 World Junior Curling Championships. He skipped a 4-2 win in the round robin of Group A, tying with the Italian team. Losing in the tiebreaker game, he failed to reach the semifinals. He ranked 4th of 12 competitors.

2013 World Junior Curling Championships
The 2013 World Junior Curling Championships were held from February 28 to March 10 at the Ice Cube Curling Center in Sochi, Russia. Sochi is also scheduled to host the curling tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics.
Meat glaze
Meat glaze (French: glace de viande) is a dark brown, gelatinous flavouring agent used in food preparation.  It is obtained by reducing brown stock through evaporation by slow heating. Compared to demi-glace, meat glaze is about twice as concentrated.
Its high viscosity and salt content gives it an unusually long shelf life.

Meat glaze is used to add flavor to soups.

Shelf life
Shelf life is the length of time that a commodity may be stored without becoming unfit for use, consumption, or sale. In other words, it might refer to whether a commodity should no longer be on a pantry shelf (unfit for use), or no longer on a supermarket shelf (unfit for sale, but not yet unfit for use). It applies to cosmetics, foods and beverages, medical devices, medicines, explosives, pharmaceutical drugs, chemicals, tyres, batteries, and many other perishable items. In some regions, an advisory best before, mandatory use by or freshness date is required on packaged perishable foods. The concept of expiration date is related but legally distinct in some jurisdictions.
2025 Italian Open – Men's doubles
Marcelo Arévalo and Mate Pavić defeated Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul in the final, 6–4, 6–7(6–8), [13–11] to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2025 Italian Open. They saved a championship point en route to the title.

Marcel Granollers and Horacio Zeballos were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Joe Salisbury and Neal Skupski.

Marcel Granollers
Marcel Granollers Pujol (Catalan pronunciation: [məɾˈsɛl ɣɾənuˈʎes puˈʒɔl]; Spanish: [maɾˈθel ɣɾanoˈʎeɾs puˈʝol]; born 12 April 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 1 on 6 May 2024, becoming the second Spanish man to achieve the feat (after Emilio Sánchez Vicario in 1989). He is a Grand Slam champion at the 2025 French Open and at the 2025 US Open with Horacio Zeballos. He also has a career-high singles ranking of No. 19 achieved on 23 July 2012.

Granollers has won 36 ATP titles, 4 in singles and 32 in doubles, including also the 2012 ATP World Tour Finals in doubles with compatriot Marc López. Additionally, Granollers also has 5 runner-up finishes at the 2014 French Open & 2014 US Open with López, at the 2019 US Open, at the 2021 & 2023 Wimbledon Championships with Zeballos.
Constitution of Sint Maarten
The Constitution of Sint Maarten (Dutch: Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten) was unanimously adopted by the island council of Sint Maarten on 21 July 2010.

The constitution entered into force on 10 October 2010, on the date of the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles.

Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles
The Netherlands Antilles was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was dissolved on 10 October 2010.

After dissolution, the "BES islands" of the Dutch Caribbean—Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba—became the Caribbean Netherlands, "special municipalities" of the Netherlands proper—a structure that only exists in the Caribbean.  Meanwhile Curaçao and Sint Maarten became constituent countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the same status as Aruba gained before, when separated from the Netherlands Antilles on 1 January 1986.
Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau
Nossa Senhora de Fátima is the northernmost and largest civil parish in the Macau Peninsula of Macau. It has an area of 3.2 square kilometers (1.2 sq mi) and a population of 126,000, which constitutes about 40.3% of the peninsula's land mass and one-third of the population.

This parish was one of five in the former Municipality of Macau, one of Macau's two municipalities that were abolished on 31 December 2001 by Law No. 17/2001, following the 1999 transfer of sovereignty over Macau from Portugal to China. While their administrative functions have since been removed, these parishes are still retained nominally.

It is northeast of the parishes of Santo António and São Lázaro. It borders the Chinese city of Zhuhai to the north.

Municipality of Macau
The Municipality of Macau (Portuguese: Concelho de Macau) was one of the two municipalities (concelhos) of Macau, along with the Municipality of Ilhas.

Its organs, the Municipal Council of Macau (Câmara Municipal de Macau) and the Municipal Assembly of Macau (Assembleia Municipal de Macau), had been abolished. The law provided for their dissolution (dissolução) became effective on 31 December 2001. The law also provided for the "extinction" (extinção) of the provisional municipalities (municípios provisórios) but had not mentioned anything about the concelhos.
Alessandro Piccolo (agricultural scientist)
Alessandro Piccolo (born 7 July 1951 in Rome) is an Italian chemist and agricultural scientist, with particular expertise in soil science. He is a professor at the University of Naples Federico II and has been honoured by the prize for chemistry in 1999 by the Humboldt Foundation. He received the Doctorate Honoris Causa by the University of Life Sciences of Prague, Czech Republic in 2009. He is chief editor of the Springer journal Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture. He has been coordinator of two research EU projects and a member of numerous other EU research projects such as the project Biofector with the University of Hohenheim. He has published more than 300 peer reviewed scientific papers and he is ranked among the top Italian scientists (http://www.topitalianscientists.org/Top_italian_scientists_VIA-Academy.aspx).

University of Hohenheim
The University of Hohenheim (German: Universität Hohenheim) is a campus university located in the south of Stuttgart, Germany. Founded in 1818, it is Stuttgart's oldest university. Its primary areas of specialisation had traditionally been agricultural and natural sciences. Today, however, the majority of its students are enrolled in one of the many study programs offered by the faculty of business, economics and social sciences. The faculty has regularly been ranked among the best in the country, making the University of Hohenheim one of Germany's top-tier universities in these fields. The university maintains academic alliances with a number of partner universities and is involved in numerous joint research projects.
I Left My Heart in Sorsogon
I Left My Heart in Sorsogon is a Philippine television drama romance series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mark Sicat dela Cruz, it stars Heart Evangelista, Richard Yap and Paolo Contis. It premiered on November 15, 2021 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on February 11, 2022 with a total of 65 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Richard Yap
Richard Edison Uy Yap (born May 18, 1967) is a Filipino actor and recording artist. He is best known for portraying Richard "Sir Chief" Lim in Be Careful with My Heart and "Papa Chen" in My Binondo Girl. And from 2022 to 2024, he portrays Dr. RJ "Obeng" Tanyag in Abot-Kamay na Pangarap.
Sándor Cséfai
Sándor Cséfai (13 July 1904 in Budapest – 2 September 1984 in Budapest) was a Hungarian field handball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the Hungarian field handball team, which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played three matches.

He then has been coach, especially leading 7-player Hungary national team at 1958 World Championship.

1958 World Men's Handball Championship
The 1958 World Men's Handball Championship was the third indoor handball World Championship. It was held in the German Democratic Republic between 27 February and 8 March 1958. Germany sent a united team composed of players from the GDR and the FRG. Sweden won the championship.
Rowena (horse)
Rowena (foaled 1817) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare that won the classic 1000 Guineas at Newmarket in 1820. On her only other appearance, she finished second in the Oaks Stakes. She later became a successful broodmare.

British Classic Races
The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses, and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own age group. As such, victory in any classic marks a horse as amongst the very best of a generation. Victory in two or even three of the series (a rare feat known as the Triple Crown) marks a horse as truly exceptional.
James Edgar Jamieson
James Edgar Jamieson (July 20, 1873 – June 17, 1958) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Simcoe West from 1923 to 1926 and Simcoe Southwest from 1929 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member.

He was born in Mulmur Corners, Mulmur, Ontario. In 1902, he married Sarah M. Crisp, a local schoolteacher. He owned a farm at Singhampton, later moving south of Collingwood. Jamieson served as reeve for Nottawasaga Township. He served thirty years on the executive of the Ontario Good Roads Association and was president in 1935. He was part of a group which convinced the provincial government to raise the hull of HMS Nancy and erect a building over it on Nancy Island near Wasaga Beach.

Collingwood, Ontario
Collingwood is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is situated on Nottawasaga Bay at the southern point of Georgian Bay. Collingwood is well known as a tourist destination, for its skiing in the winter, and limestone caves along the Niagara Escarpment in the summer.
Andrus Ansip
Andrus Ansip (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈɑnːtrus ˈɑnʲːsʲipː]; born 1 October 1956) is an Estonian politician, a member of the European Parliament, the former European Commissioner for Digital Single Market and Vice President of the European Commission, in office from 2014 until 2019. Previously, he was Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 to 2014 and chairman of the liberal Estonian Reform Party (Estonian: Reformierakond) from 2004 to 2014.

Before his entry into politics Ansip trained as a chemist, before working in banking and business. He entered Parliament in 2004, quickly becoming Minister of Economic Affairs, and subsequently prime minister in April 2005. On 1 November 2014, he was appointed to the European Commission.

European Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies
The European Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies is a member of the European Commission responsible for media and information issues such as telecoms and IT. The current officeholder is Henna Virkkunen since December 2024.

The portfolio was previously Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society (previously for Digital Agenda). Mariya Gabriel served as Digital Economy and Society Commissioner from 2017 to 2019.
Enkeli-Elisa
Enkeli-Elisa (Finnish for 'Elisa the Angel') is the name used for the main character in a story written by Finnish author Minttu Vettenterä, which first spread on the Internet and as a self-published book titled Jonakin päivänä kaduttaa ("Someday There Will Be Regrets") and thus spread through the media. The story is about a 15-year-old girl who was bullied at school and was claimed to have committed suicide. An organisation against school bullying was founded because of the story. Although fictional, the narrative was presented as truthful by much of the media, until the Helsingin Sanomat monthly supplement questioned the veracity of the events in July 2012 and the police began investigating the matter as a crime. During police interrogations, Vettenterä admitted that Elisa's parents were not real people, but, according to her, the story is based on real people and events.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Vagarshak Ter-Vaganyan
Vagharshak Harutyuni Ter-Vahanyan or Ter-Vaganyan (5 November 1893 – 25 August 1936) was an Armenian Soviet Communist Party official, journalist, and functionary who was one of the earliest victims of Joseph Stalin's Great Purge.

Ter-Vaganyan was one of sixteen Old Bolsheviks and others who stood as defendants during the Moscow Show Trials. He was accused of being part of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite centre which allegedly prepared terrorist acts against Stalin, Klim Voroshilov, Andrei Zhdanov, Lazar Kaganovich, Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Stanislav Kosior, and Pavel Postyshev.  Under pressure, Ter-Vaganyan admitted his "guilt." He was shot and his personal property was confiscated by the Soviet Union. He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1988, under Mikhail Gorbachev.

Stanisław Kosior
Stanislav Vikentyevich Kosior (Russian: Станислав Викентьевич Косиор; 18 November 1889 – 26 February 1939), sometimes spelled Kossior, was a Soviet politician who was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union and member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). He and his wife were both executed during the Great Purge.
2023 Mubadala Citi DC Open – Men's singles
Dan Evans defeated Tallon Griekspoor in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2023 Washington Open. It was his second ATP Tour singles title.

Nick Kyrgios was the reigning champion, but withdrew due to injury before the tournament began.

Sho Shimabukuro
Sho Shimabukuro (島袋 将, Shimabukuro Shō, born 30 July 1997) is a Japanese professional tennis player.
Shimabukuro has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 130 achieved on 23 February 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 376 achieved on 16 September 2024. He is currently the No. 3 Japanese player.

Shimabukuro represents Japan at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 1–0.
Take a Pair of Private Eyes
Take a Pair of Private Eyes is a  British comedy crime television series which originally aired on BBC 2 in six episodes from 10 April to 15 May 1966. It was written by Peter O'Donnell, best known as the creator of Modesty Blaise. The title is a reference to the Gilbert and Sullivan song Take a Pair of Sparkling Eyes. In the style of The Thin Man it focuses on Ambrose and Dominique Fraynes a husband and wife who run a private detective agency assisted by his father Hector.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Naitō Yorinao
Naitō Yorinao (内藤頼直; November 20, 1840 – August 17, 1879) was the 8th (and final) Naitō daimyō of Takatō Domain in Shinano Province, Honshū, Japan (modern-day Nagano Prefecture) and 13th hereditary chieftain of the Takatō-Naitō clan. His courtesy title before the Meiji restoration was Yamato-no-kami, Suruga-no-kami and subsequently Wakasa-no-kami, and his Court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade.

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.
Chempittapally
Chempittapally (Bengali: চেম্পিত্তাপল্লী মসজিদ, romanized: Chempitta Palli, lit. 'Bronze Mosque'; Arabic: مسجد شمبتابالي), also known as Chembitta Palli and as Chembittapally Juma Masjid, is a Sifi Friday mosque in the Mattancherry neighbourhood, in Kochangadi, Kochi, in the Ernakulam district of the state of Kerala, India. Built between 1520 and 1540, the roof of the mosque was decorated with copper tiles, hence chempitta pally. The mosque was built in the Kerala-Islamic style, and is located within a heritage area, near the MANI-listed Mattancherry Palace.

Monuments of National Importance
This article contains lists of Monuments of National Importance in India.

An Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 defines an "Ancient Monument" as follows:

Ancient Monument means any structure, erection or monument, or any tumulus or place of interment, or any cave, rock-sculpture, inscription or monolith which is of historical, archaeological or artistic interest and which has been in existence for not less than 100 years

A "Monument of National Importance" is designated by the Archaeological Survey of India and includes the following:

The remains of an ancient monument

The site of an ancient monument

The land on which there are fences or protective covering structures for preserving the monument

Land by means of which people can freely access the monument

monument is something that show our history our strength and our power.

In 2023 an updated list was published by National Monument Authority which identifies a total of 3757 monuments.
Cottage Grove, Illinois
Cottage Grove is an unincorporated community in Cottage Township, Saline County, Illinois, United States. Cottage Grove is 4 miles (6.4 km) west-northwest of Equality.

Cottage Grove Cemetery sits across the road from the old Cottage Grove school. The community sits to the east of Southeastern Illinois College.

Equality, Illinois
Equality is a village in Equality Township, Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 539 at the 2020 census. Near the village are two points of interest, the Crenshaw House and the Garden of the Gods Wilderness. Equality was the county seat of Gallatin County from 1826–1851.