hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
The 144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (144 RAC) was an armoured regiment of the British Army. Originally raised during World War II as a battalion of the East Lancashire Regiment it was later transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps. It fought in the campaign in North-West Europe, from June 1944 to May 1945.

Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.
Graeme Spiers
Graeme Hendry Gordon Spiers (15 January 1925 – 20 June 2007) was a clergyman in the Church of England.

Spiers was educated at the Mercers' School and the London College of Divinity. He was with the Westminster Bank from 1941 to 1949, also serving in the RNVR from 1943 to 1947. He was ordained in  1953. After a curacy in Addiscombe he was Succentor of Bradford Cathedral. He held incumbencies at Speke and Aigburth. He was appointed Archdeacon of Liverpool in 1979 and resigned in 1991.

Westminster Bank
Westminster Bank was a British retail bank which operated in England and Wales. It was created in 1834 as the London and Westminster Bank. It merged with the London and County Bank in 1909, after which it renamed itself the London County and Westminster Bank, then acquired the former business of Birkbeck Bank in 1911, Ulster Bank in 1917, and Parr's Bank in 1918, following which it changed its name again to London County Westminster and Parrs. It shortened its name to Westminster Bank in 1923.

Following that transformative sequence of acquisitions, Westminster Bank was the fifth-largest bank in England, thus one of the so-called Big Five together with Barclays, Lloyds Bank, Midland Bank, and National Provincial Bank. In 1968 it announced its merger with National Provincial to form the National Westminster Bank, which was completed on 1 January 1970.
Good-morning (exercise)
The good-morning is a weight training exercise. It is known as a good-morning because of the movement in the erector spinae which resembles the bow that traditionally begins a schoolday in some East Asian countries. The erector spinae muscles of the lower back work isometrically to keep the spine in an extended position while the hamstrings and gluteus maximus work isotonically to perform hip extension. Other muscles are involved in stabilizing weight on the back and maintaining balance.

The degree of knee bend used will change the focus. The straighter the knees, the more the hamstrings are stretched and stressed by the movement and this stretch involves them more as the hip extensors. Bent knees can shift the weight forward, which allows the pelvis to drift back further as the body hinges in hip flexion.

Human back
The human back, also called the dorsum (pl.: dorsa), is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck. It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest and the abdomen. The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession. The breadth of the back is created by the shoulders at the top and the pelvis at the bottom.

Back pain is a common medical condition, generally benign in origin.
Jameh Mosque of Qerveh
The Jāmeh Mosque of Qerveh (Persian: مسجد جامع قروه; Arabic: جامع قروة), also known as the Qerveh Spacious Mosque, is a Shi'ite Friday mosque (jāmeh) located in Qerveh, in Abhar County, in the province of Zanjan, Iran. The mosque was completed in the 5th century AH (11th century CE), during the Seljuk era.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 24 February 1963, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

The Jāmeh Mosque of Qerveh is one of the historical monuments in the Abrrud (Great River) region. Located in the heart of the old part of the village, the mosque was built in the four-dome style and has a beautiful dome resting on four piers. The mosque is a valuable work comparable to the porches of the Jāmeh mosques of Qazvin and Kabul.

Zanjan province
Zanjan province (Persian: استان زنجان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Zanjan. It is a mountainous province with close to 22,000 km2 of land placed in Iran's Region 3. Two-thirds of the people of the province live in the cities, mainly the capital and Abhar.
Oier Aizpurua
Oier Aizpurua Aranzadi (born 6 November 1977 in Zumaia) is a Spanish sprint canoer who competed in the early 2000s. He won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-4 200 m: 2002) and two bronzes (K-4 200 m: 2003, K-4 500 m: 2002).

2003 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 2003 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held September 10–14, 2003 in Gainesville, Georgia, United States at Lake Lanier. Located north of Atlanta, this was also where the canoe sprint and rowing events for the 1996 Summer Olympics took place.

The men's competition consisted of nine Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Women competed in nine events, all in kayak.

This was the 33rd championships in canoe sprint.
Net acid excretion
In renal physiology, net acid excretion (NAE) is the net amount of acid excreted in the urine per unit time. Its value depends on urine flow rate, urine acid concentration, and the concentration of bicarbonate in the urine (the loss of bicarbonate, a buffering agent, is physiologically equivalent to a gain in acid). NAE is commonly expressed in units of milliliters per minute (ml/min) and is given by the following equation:

where

V is the volume of urine produced per unit time;

[NH4] is the urine concentration of ammonium;

[TA] is the urine concentration of titratable acid (e.g. phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid);

[HCO−3] is the urine concentration of bicarbonate.

Minute
A minute is a unit of time defined as equal to 60 seconds.
It is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but is accepted for use with SI. The SI symbol for minutes is min (without a dot). The prime symbol ′ is also sometimes used informally to denote minutes.

In the UTC time standard, a minute on rare occasions has 61 seconds, a consequence of leap seconds; there is also a provision to insert a negative leap second, which would result in a 59-second minute, but this has never happened in more than 40 years under this system.
Chilean frigate Almirante Williams
Almirante Williams is a Type 22 frigate in service with the Chilean Navy. It entered service with the British Royal Navy in 1988 with the name HMS Sheffield, and served with the Royal Navy until 2002. Initially it was meant to be called Bruiser, but was named Sheffield in honour of the previous Sheffield, a Type 42 destroyer sunk in the Falklands War. In 2003, the vessel was acquired by the Chilean Navy and renamed Almirante Williams.

Type 22 frigate
The Type 22 frigate also known as the Broadsword class was a class of frigates built for the British Royal Navy. Fourteen were built in total, with production divided into three batches.

Initially intended to be anti-submarine warfare frigates as part of NATO contribution, the ships became general purpose warships.

HMS Cornwall was the last Royal Navy Type 22 frigate, retired from service on 30 June 2011.

Five Type 22s were scrapped and two more were sunk as targets. The seven other vessels were sold to the Brazilian, Romanian and Chilean navies; four of these remain in service, one was sunk as a target, one laid up, and one sold for scrap.
Unconditional Love (Donna Summer song)
"Unconditional Love" is the second single from Donna Summer's eleventh studio album, She Works Hard for the Money (1983). The song was released in August 1983 by Mercury Records. It was written by Summer and Michael Omartian, produced by Omartian. Though uncredited, it also features vocals by British reggae band Musical Youth, who had scored a Top 10 pop and R&B hit in the US with "Pass the Dutchie" earlier in 1983.

The song peaked at #43 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #40 on the Cashbox chart, though it performed significantly better on the R&B chart (reaching the Top Ten). In the UK, it became Summer's fourteenth Top 20 single, reaching a peak position of No.14. The song also peak #26 in Spain Radio chart.

Cashbox called the "purity and innocence" of the song "a bright departure [for Summer] and complete success."

The song was edited from the original album version for its release on the 7" single format. The 12" single featured an extended remix clocking in at 5:20.

Pass the Dutchie
"Pass the Dutchie" is a song performed by the British reggae band Musical Youth, taken from their debut studio album, The Youth of Today (1982). It was produced by Toney Owens from Kingston, Jamaica. The single peaked at the top of the UK Singles Chart. Outside the United Kingdom, "Pass the Dutchie" topped the charts in at least eight other countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Ireland, as well as peaking within the top ten of the charts in Iceland and the United States. The single sold over five million copies worldwide.
Unyambwa
Unyambwa is an administrative ward in the Singida Urban district of the Singida Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 10,206 people in the ward, from 9,301 in 2012.

National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania)
The National Bureau of Statistics is a branch of the Government of Tanzania which has the mandate to provide official statistics to the Government of Tanzania, business community and the public at large. It is based in Dodoma and obtains a wide range of economic, social and demographic statistics about the country. The bureau compiled data on every village in Tanzania for the censuses of 2002, 2012 and 2022, but also provides the results of the previous censuses of 1967, 1978 and 1988.
David Bellini
David Bellini (7 November 1972 – 20 October 2016) was an Italian screenwriter, television writer, story editor and docu-director. Screenwriter of the famous TV series Un medico in famiglia, head writer of the Italian programs: Tetris and Festa italiana, creator and director of a number of docu-series such as Passaggi Segreti and Tra cielo e terra.

Un medico in famiglia
Un medico in famiglia (English: A doctor in the family) is an Italian television series, based on the format of the Spanish series of Telecinco Médico de familia, produced by Publispei and Rai Fiction. The series aired for ten seasons on Rai 1 from 6 December 1998 to 24 November 2016.

Since the first season aired, the series immediately became one of the most famous Italian TV series of all time. In 1999 it won the Best Fiction Award and the Best TV Program of the Year Award, two acknowledgements regularly awarded by the Italian TV networks, and the Telegatto for the Best Italian TV Series.
Sceafa
Sceafa (Old English: Scēafa [ˈʃæːɑvɑ], also Scēaf, Scēf) was an ancient Lombardic king in English legend. According to his story, Sceafa appeared mysteriously as a child, coming out of the sea in an empty skiff. The name also appears in the corrupt forms Seskef, Stefius, Strephius, and Stresaeus. Though the name has historically been modernized Shava (and Latinized Scefius), J.R.R. Tolkien used the correctly constructed modern English spelling Sheave.

William of Malmesbury
William of Malmesbury (Latin: Willelmus Malmesbiriensis; c. 1095 – c. 1143) was the foremost English historian of the 12th century. Modern historian C. Warren Hollister described him as "a gifted historical scholar and an omnivorous reader, impressively well versed in the literature of classical, patristic, and earlier medieval times as well as in the writings of his own contemporaries. Indeed William may well have been the most learned man in twelfth-century Western Europe."

William was born about 1095 or 1096 in Wiltshire, England. His father was Norman and his mother English. He spent his whole life in England and his adult life as a monk at Malmesbury Abbey in Wiltshire.
Udayan Express
Udayan Express (Train No. 723/724) is an intercity train running from Chittagong to Sylhet under Bangladesh Railway. This train is currently operated by MG PT Inca coaches from Indonesia. It is the 2nd intercity train on the Chittagong-Sylhet route, Udayan Express. Udayan Express was inaugurated on 16 May 1988. Apart from Udayan Express, Paharika Express also runs on the Chittagong-Sylhet route.

Inter-city rail
Inter-city rail services are express trains that run services that connect cities over longer distances than commuter or regional trains. They include rail services that are neither short-distance commuter rail trains within one city area nor slow regional rail trains stopping at all stations and covering local journeys only. An inter-city train is typically an express train with limited stops and comfortable carriages to serve long-distance travel.

Inter-city rail sometimes provides international services. This is most prevalent in Europe because of the proximity of its 50 countries to a 10,180,000-square-kilometre (3,930,000-square-mile) area. Eurostar and EuroCity are examples. In many European countries, the word InterCity or Inter-City is an official brand name for a network of regular-interval and relatively long-distance train services that meet certain criteria of speed and comfort. That use of the term appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and has been widely imitated.
Chance baronets
The Chance Baronetcy, of Grand Avenue in the parish of Hove in the County of Sussex, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 19 June 1900 for James Timmins Chance, a grandson of William Chance, one of the Chance brothers who started the family business in 1771. He became head of Chance Brothers and Company. He was High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1868.

He was succeeded by his eldest son. The second Baronet, High Sheriff of Surrey in 1911, died childless and was succeeded by his nephew who was the son of George Ferguson Chance, (High Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1910), second son of the first Baronet. As of December 2017, the title is held by his grandson, the fifth Baronet, who succeeded his father in 2017.

High Sheriff of Worcestershire
This is a list of sheriffs and since 1998 high sheriffs of Worcestershire.

The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown.  Formerly the Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as Sheriff was retitled High Sheriff.

Under the same act Herefordshire and Worcestershire were merged to form the new county of Hereford and Worcester, therefore the office of Sheriff of Worcestershire was replaced by that of High Sheriff of Hereford and Worcester. However, in 1998 the new county was dissolved, restoring Herefordshire and Worcestershire and creating the offices of High Sheriff of Herefordshire and High Sheriff of Worcestershire.
Bible translations into the languages of the Philippines
The Bible has been translated into multiple Philippine languages (with regional languages colloquially referred to as dialects), including Filipino language, based on the Tagalog (the major language), the national language of the Philippines.

New World Translation
The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (NWT, also simply NW) is a translation of the Bible published by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society; it is used and distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses. The New Testament portion was released first in 1950 as the New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures, with the first revised edition of the complete New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures released in 1961.

It is not the first Bible to be published by the Watch Tower Society, but it is its first translation into English. Commentators have noted that scholarly effort went into producing the translation but many have described it as "biased".
Future Starts Slow
"Future Starts Slow" is the second single from indie rock band The Kills' fourth studio album, Blood Pressures (2011). It was released on June 27, 2011 through the independent label Domino. The song has been featured as the opening theme for the American TV miniseries Political Animals (2012), starring Sigourney Weaver.  It was also featured in episodes of Altered Carbon, Person of Interest, The Vampire Diaries,  Walker Independence, and  Kaos.

A music video for the song, following the band on their travels around, was directed by Philip Andelman and released on June 20, 2011.

Altered Carbon (TV series)
Altered Carbon is an American cyberpunk television series created by Laeta Kalogridis and based on the 2002 novel of the same title by English author Richard K. Morgan. In a world where consciousness can be transferred to different bodies, Takeshi Kovacs, a former soldier turned investigator, is released from prison in order to solve a murder. The first season consists of ten episodes and premiered on Netflix on February 2, 2018. On July 27, 2018, the series was renewed for a second season of eight episodes, which was released on February 27, 2020, with an anime film set before the first season released on March 19, 2020.  Though the series received generally positive reviews, it was canceled after two seasons.
Marie Luise von Hammerstein
Marie Luise Baroness of Münchhausen (27 September 1908 – 6 November 1999), born Baroness of Hammerstein-Equord,  was a German lawyer. Despite being born into an aristocratic army family she became an activist member of the Communist Party.   She worked for the party's intelligence service during the 1930s.  She was treated with on-going suspicion and subjected to a number of interrogations by the security services between 1933 and 1945, although her party intelligence involvement is confirmed only in a document dated 1973.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Urazovo
Urazovo (Russian: Ура́зово) is an urban-type settlement in Valuysky District of Belgorod Oblast, Russia. Population: 6,570 (2021 Census); 6,982 (2010 Census); 6,878 (2002 Census); 6,345 (1989 Soviet census).

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Love Letter (1975 film)
Love Letter is a 1975 Indian Malayalam film, directed and produced by Dr. Balakrishnan. The film stars Vincent, Sudheer, Vidhubala, Jose Prakash, Manavalan Joseph, KPAC Lalitha and Pattom Sadan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by KJ Joy. And this was his very first film as a composer which kick started his illustrious career as a leading music director in Malayalam.

Jose Prakash
Kunnel Joseph Joseph, better known by his stage name, Jose Prakash (14 April 1925 – 24 March 2012) was an Indian actor and singer who worked in Malayalam cinema. He was a singer turned actor who had appeared in more than 300 films mostly in antagonist roles. He was awarded with the J. C. Daniel Award in 2011, a day before he died aged 86. In a career spanning for around 40 years,  he was known for portraying some of the iconic villain characters in the Malayalam film industry. Later, he switched to character roles in the mid 90s.
Meiningen Court Orchestra
The Meiningen Court Orchestra (German: Meininger Hofkapelle) is one of Europe's oldest orchestras. Since 1952, the 68-member ensemble has been affiliated with the Meiningen Court Theatre, where it regularly performs opera, symphony concerts, and youth concerts. The current music director (GMD) is Killian Farrell.

Johann Ludwig Bach
Johann Ludwig Bach (14 February [O.S. 4 February] 1677 – 1 May 1731) was a German composer and violinist.

He was born in Thal (Ruhla) near Eisenach. At the age of 22 he moved to Meiningen eventually being appointed cantor there, and later Kapellmeister. He wrote a large amount of music and regularly oversaw performances, both at Meiningen and neighbouring courts.

He was a third cousin of Johann Sebastian Bach, who made copies of several of his cantatas and performed them at Leipzig. The cantata Denn du wirst meine Seele nicht in der Hölle lassen, BWV 15, once thought to be by Johann Sebastian, and listed as BWV 15 in Wolfgang Schmieder's catalogue of his works, is now thought to be by Johann Ludwig.

Bach died in Meiningen.
1891 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1891 include  Basra reed warbler, Cape shoveler, charming hummingbird, cobalt-winged parakeet, Lord Howe parakeet,  Kermadec red-crowned parakeet, Pangani longclaw, Patagonian yellow finch, Père David's tit,

Père David's tit
Père David's tit or the rusty-breasted tit (Poecile davidi) is a species of bird in the tit family Paridae. It is endemic to central China in southern Gansu, western Hubei, southern Shaanxi and Sichuan.

It is 12–13 centimetres (4.7–5.1 in) long with a weight of 10–12.5 grams (0.35–0.44 oz), and is similar to the related sombre tit (P. lugubris) in appearance, with a black head with white cheeks, dark grey-brown back, wings and tail, and rusty brown underparts.

Its natural breeding habitat is subalpine forests at 2,135–3,400 m altitude, mostly resident but higher altitude birds descending a little in winter to below 3,050 metres (10,010 ft).
Gornje Lipovo
Gornje Lipovo (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Липово) is a village in northern Montenegro, in Kolašin Municipality. It has a population of about 250 people.

Lipovo is well known in Montenegro for its cold-water springs, green forests and rivers which are full of fish.

Montenegrin alphabet
The Montenegrin alphabet is the collective name given to "Abeceda" (Montenegrin Latin alphabet; Абецеда in Cyrillic) and "Азбука" (Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet; Azbuka in Latin), the writing systems used to write the Montenegrin language. It was adopted on 9 June 2009 by the Montenegrin Minister of Education, Sreten Škuletić and replaced the Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets in use at the time.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the two alphabets, and words are usually spelled so that they work in both.

Although the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets enjoy equal status under the Constitution of Montenegro, the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use the Latin script exclusively; it is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media.