hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Α-Halo carboxylic acids and esters
α-Halo carboxylic acids and esters are organic compounds with the respective formulas RCHXCO2H and RCHXCO2R' where R and R' are organic substituents.  The X in these compounds is a halide, usually chloride and bromide.  These compounds are often used as intermediates in the preparation of more elaborate derivatives.   They are often potent alkylating agents.  The mono halide derivatives are chiral.

Alkylation
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation.  Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation.  Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for gasoline. In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. Alkylation is accomplished with the class of drugs called alkylating antineoplastic agents.
Pietro Bartolo
Pietro Bartolo, OMRI, MEP (born 10 February 1956), is an Italian doctor and politician. From 1992 to 2019, he was known as the responsible medician for first visits to migrants who landed in Lampedusa; in 25 years, he examined and cared for about 250,000 refugees on the island. In 2019, Bartolo was elected as a member of the European Parliament for the Democratic Party.

Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italian: Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the most senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second president of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi.

The highest-ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for "merit acquired by the nation" in the fields of science, literature, arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers.

The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy (1831), the Order of the Crown of Italy (1868), the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) and the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (1362).
Yeleninka
Yeleninka (Еленинка), also known as Yeleninsky (Еленинский) and Yeleninskoye (Еле́нинское), is a rural locality (a selo) in Kartalinsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.

It is the birthplace of Vasily Zaytsev, the famous World War II Soviet sniper.

Soviet snipers
Snipers of the Soviet Union played an important role mainly on the Eastern Front of World War II, apart from other preceding and subsequent conflicts. In World War II, Soviet snipers used the 7.62×54mmR rifle cartridge with light, heavy, armour-piercing (B-30), armour-piercing-incendiary (B-32), zeroing-and-incendiary (P3), and tracer bullets. Most Soviet World War II snipers carried a combat load of 120 rifle cartridges in the field.

During World War II, 428,335 individuals, including partisans, are believed to have received Red Army sniper training, and of those 9,534 obtained higher-level qualifications. Unlike the militaries of other states, these snipers could be men or women. Between 1941–1945, a total of 2,484 Soviet female snipers were functioning in this role, of whom about 500 survived the war.
Rosa 'Cinco de Mayo'
Rosa 'Cinco de Mayo',  (aka Wekcobeju ), is a floribunda rose  cultivar, bred by Tom Carruth in 2006. The rose was introduced into the United States by Weeks Rose Growers in 2009 as 'Cinco de Mayo'. The plant was created from a hybridization of floribunda cultivars, 'Topsy Turvy' and 'Julia Child'. The cultivar was introduced into New Zealand by Matthews Nurseries Ltd in 2013 as 'The Shire', and was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 2009.

Tom Carruth
Tom Carruth is an American rose hybridizer, who has created more than 100 rose varieties, including eleven All-America Rose Selections (AARS). He is currently the E.L. and Ruth B. Shannon Curator of the Rose Collections at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California.
Jambulingam 3D
Jambulingam 3D is a 2016 Indian Tamil language 3D adventure comedy film directed by Hari Shankar and Harish Narayan.  The film stars Ambuli Gokulnath and Anjena Kirti in lead roles, while Baby Hamsika, Sukanya, Kalairani, Ashvin Raja, and Yog Japee play supporting roles. The film released on 13 May 2016. Filming for Jambulingam 3D took place extensively in Japan.

3D film
3D films are motion pictures made to give an illusion of three-dimensional solidity, usually with the help of special glasses worn by viewers. 3D films were prominently featured in the 1950s in American cinema and later experienced a worldwide resurgence in the 1980s and 1990s driven by IMAX high-end theaters and Disney-themed venues. 3D films became increasingly successful throughout the 2000s, peaking with the success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009, after which 3D films again decreased in popularity. Certain directors have also taken more experimental approaches to 3D filmmaking, most notably celebrated auteur Jean-Luc Godard in his film Goodbye to Language.
Colin McNeilledge
Colin McNeilledge (1798 – October 16, 1839) was a Scottish-born merchant, mill operator and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented Norfolk in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1833 to 1834.

He settled in Port Dover. He served in the Lincoln and then Norfolk Militia, reaching the rank of captain. McNeilledge was a justice of the peace for the London District. He was elected to the assembly in an 1833 by-election held following the death of Duncan McCall. McNeilledge died in Port Dover.

Norfolk County, Ontario
Norfolk County (/ˈnɔːrfoʊk/ NOR-fohk) is a rural single-tier municipality on the north shore of Lake Erie in Southwestern Ontario, Canada with a 2023 population of 73,015. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. The largest community in Norfolk County is Simcoe, whose 2021 population was 16,121. The other population centres are Port Dover, Delhi, Waterford and Port Rowan, and there are many smaller communities. For several years in the late 20th century, the county was merged with Haldimand County but the merged entity was dissolved in 2000.
Katumba Wamala
Edward Katumba Wamala (born 19 November 1956), commonly known as Katumba Wamala, is a Ugandan military officer and politician who serves as Minister of Works and Transport in the Ugandan cabinet, since 14 December 2019.

Prior to his current position, from 17 January 2017 until 14 December 2019, he served as Minister of State for Works in the Ugandan cabinet. He also served as the chief of staff of the Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF), from 2013 until 2017, and was the commander of the UPDF's ground forces from 2005 to 2013. He also served as the inspector general of police (IGP) of the Uganda Police Force (UPF), the highest rank in that branch of Uganda's government, from 2001 until 2005. Wamala was the first active UPDF soldier to serve as the head of the UPF. On 1 June 2021, Katumba survived an assassination attempt in Kisaasi, a Kampala suburb when gunmen attacked and wounded the General, killing his daughter and driver, leaving him with gunshot wounds on both shoulders.

Gunshot
A gunshot is a single discharge of a gun, typically a man-portable firearm, producing a visible flash, a powerful and loud shockwave and often chemical gunshot residue.  The term can also refer to a ballistic wound caused by such a discharge.

Multiple discharges of one or more firearms are referred to as gunfire.  The word can connote either the sound of a gun firing, the projectiles that were fired, or both.  For example, the statement "gunfire came from the next street" could either mean the sound of discharge, or it could mean the bullets that were discharged.  It is better to be a bit more specific while writing however. "The sound of gunfire" or "we came under gunfire" would be more descriptive and prevent confusion.  In the latter phrase, in particular, "fire" is used more (i.e. "under fire"), as both words hold the same general meaning within the proper context.
Solomon Islands dollar
The Solomon Islands dollar (ISO 4217 code: SBD) is the currency of Solomon Islands since 1977. Its symbol is $, with SI$ used to differentiate it from other currencies also using the dollar sign. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

Cent (currency)
The cent is a monetary unit of many national currencies that equals a hundredth (1⁄100) of the basic monetary unit. The word derives from the Latin centum, 'hundred'.

The cent sign is commonly a simple minuscule (lower case) letter c. In North America, the c is crossed by a diagonal or vertical stroke (depending on typeface), yielding the character ¢.

The United States one cent coin is generally known by the nickname "penny", alluding to the British coin and unit of that name. Australia ended production of their 1c coin in 1990, New Zealand last produced their 1c coin in 1988, as did Canada in 2012 and the US in 2025. Some Eurozone countries ended production of the 1 euro cent coin, most recently Slovakia in 2022.
Júlio Prestes (CPTM)
Júlio Prestes is a train station on ViaMobilidade Line 8-Diamond, located in the district of Santa Cecília in São Paulo. This historical station was named after former Governor of São Paulo and former President-elect of Brazil, Júlio Prestes. Currently, the station serves only Line 8-Diamond.

The station is the head office of the State Secretariat of Culture of São Paulo and, since 1999, the concert house for the São Paulo Symphonic Orchestra (Osesp), Sala São Paulo. In Praça Júlio Prestes, it is possible to see the bronze statue of Alfredo Maia and the iron abstract structure of Emanoel Araújo.

Line 8 (CPTM)
Line 8 (Diamond) (Portuguese: Linha 8–Diamante), formerly Line B (Gray), is one of the thirteen lines that make up the São Paulo Metro Rail Transport Network in Brazil and one of the three lines operated by ViaMobilidade.
The line was previously operated by Fepasa, and subsequently by CPTM. Since 27 January 2022, ViaMobilidade has been operating it under a contract for 30 years, along with Line 9-Emerald.
Gărâna Jazz Festival
Gărâna Jazz Festival (Romanian: Festivalul de jazz de la Gărâna) is a four day music festival taking place annually in July in Gărâna, southwestern Romania. The Festival launched in 1996 and in the intervening years has raised the profile of Gărâna, a small village in the Western Carpathians. The festival has featured an impressive lineup of high-class artists — including Eberhard Weber, Mike Stern, Jan Garbarek, Charles Lloyd, Jean-Luc Ponty, Victor Wooten, Béla Fleck, Stanley Jordan, John Abercrombie, Miroslav Vitouš (the original bassist of jazz fusion band Weather Report), Zakir Hussain, Magnus Öström, Bugge Wesseltoft, Lars Danielsson, Avishay Cohen, and Nils Petter Molvær.

Western Carpathians
The Western Carpathians (Czech: Západní Karpaty) are a mountain range and geomorphological province that forms the western part of the Carpathian Mountains.

The mountain belt stretches from the Low Beskids range of the Eastern Carpathians along the border of Poland with Slovakia toward the Moravian region of the Czech Republic and the Austrian Weinviertel. In the south the North Hungarian Mountains cover northern Hungary. The area of the Western Carpathians comprises about 70,000 km2. The highest elevation is the Gerlachovský štít (2,655m) situated in the High Tatra Mountains.
Research Object
In computing, a Research Object is a method for the identification, aggregation and exchange of scholarly information on the Web. The primary goal of the research object approach is to provide a mechanism to associate related resources about a scientific investigation so that they can be shared using a single identifier. As such, research objects are an advanced form of Enhanced publication.

Current implementations build upon existing Web technologies and methods including Linked Data, HTTP, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), the Open Archives Initiative Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) and the Open Annotation model, as well as existing approaches for identification and knowledge representation in the scientific domain including Digital Object Identifiers for documents, ORCID identifiers for people, and the Investigation, Study, and Assay (ISA) data model.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Bernstein's theorem on monotone functions
In real analysis, a branch of mathematics, Bernstein's theorem, named after Sergei Bernstein, states that every real-valued function on the half-line [0, ∞) that is completely monotone is a mixture of exponential functions or in more abstract language, that it is the Laplace transform of a positive Borel measure on [0, ∞).  In one important special case the mixture is a weighted average, or expected value.  It is also known as the Bernstein–Widder theorem or Hausdorff–Bernstein–Widder theorem.

Krein–Milman theorem
In the mathematical theory of functional analysis, the Krein–Milman theorem is a proposition about compact convex sets in locally convex topological vector spaces (TVSs).

This theorem generalizes to infinite-dimensional spaces and to arbitrary compact convex sets the following basic observation: a convex (i.e. "filled") triangle, including its perimeter and the area "inside of it", is equal to the convex hull of its three vertices, where these vertices are exactly the extreme points of this shape. 
This observation also holds for any other convex polygon in the plane
Reventure
Reventure (formerly Lonk's Adventure) is an action-adventure video game released on June 4, 2019, by Spanish studio Pixelatto. It is an expanded re-imagining of the Ludum Dare game jam submission Lonk's Greedy Adventure, also by Pixelatto. In the game, players are sent on a quest to rescue a princess from the Dark Lord in an open world environment. Depending on the actions taken by the player, any of 100 endings can occur. The game is a humorous parody of role-playing video games, particularly of The Legend of Zelda series. Reventure was released to critical acclaim and was praised for its humor.

Game jam
A game jam is an event where participants try to make a video game from scratch. Depending on the format, participants might work independently, or in teams. The event duration usually ranges from 24 to 72 hours. Participants are generally programmers, game designers, artists, writers, sound designers and others in game development-related fields. While many game jams are run purely as a game-making exercise, some game jams are contests that offer prizes. Some submissions were eventually released as fully-developed games.

Traditionally, game jams focus on video games; however, board games have also been the subject of game jams.
Budětsko
Budětsko is a municipality and village in Prostějov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Budětsko lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Prostějov, 24 km (15 mi) west of Olomouc, and 189 km (117 mi) east of Prague.

Prostějov
Prostějov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈproscɛjof] ⓘ; German: Proßnitz) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 43,000 inhabitants. The city is historically known for its fashion industry. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

AČR special forces unit 601. skss is based in Prostějov.
2010 Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil – Doubles
Júlio César Campozano and Emilio Gómez were the defending champions, but lost to Jorge Aguilar and Paul Capdeville in the first round.
Juan Sebastián Cabal and Robert Farah won the final against Franco Ferreiro and André Sá 7–5, 7–6(7–3).

Franco Ferreiro
Franco Ferreiro (born July 1, 1984) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player. He qualified for the 2009 French Open, but lost to Feliciano López in five sets in the first round after leading two sets to love.
7mm Backcountry
The 7mm Backcountry  (abbrivated by SAAMI as 7mm BC) is a modern rifle cartridge developed to utilize a one piece steel alloy cartridge case patented as Peak Alloy case technology, which is able to withstand higher pressures than traditional brass alloys. According to Federal this case technology was developed in response to U.S. military solicitations. The objective is to obtain higher muzzle velocities from short-barreled rifles, which are lighter and easier to carry than the long rifles traditionally used for shooting at extended range. The cartridge is dimensionally similar to the .30-06 Springfield and its derivatives, particularly the .280 Remington and .280 Ackley Improved. Federal Premium Ammunition designed the cartridge to utilize long, heavy-for-caliber bullets due to their superior ballistic coefficients.

Muzzle velocity
Muzzle velocity is the speed of a projectile (bullet, pellet, slug, ball/shots or shell) at the moment it leaves the end of a gun's barrel (i.e. the muzzle). Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the .220 Swift and .204 Ruger, all the way to 1,700 m/s (5,600 ft/s) for tank guns firing kinetic energy penetrator ammunition. To simulate orbital debris impacts on spacecraft, NASA launches projectiles through light-gas guns at speeds up to 8,500 m/s (28,000 ft/s).
Several factors, including the type of firearm, the cartridge, and the barrel length, determine the bullet's muzzle velocity.
Daxing Airport Express
The Daxing Airport Express of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁大兴机场线; pinyin: Běijīng Dìtiě Dàxīng Jīchǎng Xiàn) is an airport rail link from Caoqiao (located at the Southern 3rd Ring Road) to the Beijing Daxing International Airport. It is colored blue on subway maps. The line opened on September 26, 2019.

It is one of two lines connecting the urban area of Beijing to the Beijing Daxing International Airport. The other line is the Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway, a high-speed rail operated by China Railway.

The line is the second Beijing Subway line to be fully automated and driverless, after the Yanfang line.

Airport rail link
An airport rail link is a service providing passenger rail transport between an airport and a nearby city. Direct links operate straight from the airport terminal to the city, while other links require an intermediate use of a people mover or shuttle bus. Advantages for the passenger include faster travel times and easy connections with other public transport. Advantages for the airport include increased patronage and enhanced accessibility for staff. Additionally, authorities have benefitted from less highway congestion, less pollution, and more business opportunities.
Knabrostræde 25
Knabrostræde 25 is an 1830s apartment building situated at the slightly acute-angled corner of Knabrostræde and Snaregade, close to Gammel Strand, in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945.

Knabrostræde
Knabrostræde is a street in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Strøget (Vimmelskaftet/Nygade) in the northwest to Nybrogade at Slotsholmen Canal in the southeast, crossing Strædet (Kompagnistræde) on the way.
Lady Scott
Lady Scott, later John Cadman and Harbour Queen, was a Sydney Harbour ferry built in 1914 for the Balmain New Ferry Company, and named in honour of Kathleen Scott. She and four similar ferries, Lady Chelmsford (1910), Lady Denman (1912), Lady Edeline (1913), and Lady Ferguson (1914), were a new series of "Lady-class", designed by naval architect, Walter Reeks.

Lady Scott and her four sisters survived the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and were converted to diesel power that decade. They also survived the 1951 NSW State Government takeover of the ailing ferry fleet. Lady Scott was sold out of ferry service in 1969 for use as a cruise boat. A 1972 fire destroyed her superstructure and she was re-built and successfully run as the John Cadman cruising restaurant. She was sold to new owners, renamed Harbour Queen and enjoyed limited subsequent success. She sank in 2014 in Blackwattle Bay where she was broken up.

Hunters Hill
Hunters Hill  is a suburb of Northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Hunters Hill is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north-west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the Municipality of Hunter's Hill.

Hunters Hill is situated on a small peninsula that separates the Lane Cove and Parramatta Rivers. It can be reached by bus or by ferry.
The Human Animal (TV series)
The Human Animal: A Personal View of the Human Species is a British nature documentary series written and presented by English zoologist Desmond Morris, first transmitted on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 27 July to 31 August 1994. It was co-produced in association with Discovery Communications (later Warner Bros. Discovery) in the United States, as well as several public broadcasters include: ORF in Austria, various ARD networks (MDR, SFB and WDR) in Germany, and Teleac in the Netherlands.

The series was later repeated on BBC Knowledge between 29 November 2000 and 31 January 2002 – with the exception of its controversial fourth episode due to various erotic scenes with sexually explicit material.

Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk
Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "Central German Broadcasting"), shortened to MDR (pronounced [ˌɛmdeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ; stylized as mdr), is the public broadcaster for the federal states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt in Germany.  Established in January 1991, its headquarters are in Leipzig, with regional studios in Dresden, Erfurt and Magdeburg. MDR is a member of the ARD consortium of public broadcasters in Germany.

MDR broadcasts its own television channel to the three states it serves and also contributes programming to the first German TV channel (Das Erste), and broadcasts a number of radio channels.
Tsedaye Makonnen
Tsedaye Makonnen (born 1984, Washington, D.C.) is an American visual and performance artist. Her work is inspired by Black women's experiences, including their experiences with police brutality and traumatic birth.

Walters Art Museum
The Walters Art Museum is a public art museum located in the Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. Founded and opened in 1934, it holds collections from the mid-19th century that were  amassed substantially by major American art and sculpture collectors, including William Thompson Walters and his son Henry Walters. William Walters began collecting when he moved to Paris as a nominal Confederate loyalist at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, and Henry Walters refined the collection and made arrangements for the construction what ultimately was Walters Art Museum.

Admission to the museum is free.