hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Autodesk Alias
Autodesk Alias (formerly known as Alias StudioTools) is a family of computer-aided industrial design (CAID) software predominantly used in automotive design and industrial design for generating class A surfaces  using  Bézier surface and non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) modeling method.

The product is sold specifically as CAID rather than CAD, and its tools and abilities are oriented more towards the "styling" aspect of design - that is to say, the product's housing and outer appearance. It does not go into mechanical detail like other CAD programs such as Siemens NX,  Inventor, CATIA, Creo and SolidWorks.

Bézier surface
Bézier surfaces are a type of mathematical spline used in computer graphics, computer-aided design, and finite element modeling. 
As with Bézier curves, a Bézier surface is defined by a set of control points. Similar to interpolation in many respects, a key difference is that the surface does not, in general, pass through the central control points; rather, it  is "stretched" toward them as though each were an attractive force. They are  visually intuitive and, for many applications, mathematically convenient.
Ban of Croatia
Ban of Croatia (Croatian: Hrvatski ban) was the title of local rulers or office holders and after 1102, viceroys of Croatia. From the earliest periods of the Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by bans as a ruler's representative (viceroy) and supreme military commander. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually became the chief government officials in Croatia.

They were at the head of the Ban's Government, effectively the first prime ministers of Croatia. The institution of ban persisted until the first half of the 20th century, when it was officially superseded in function by that of a parliamentary prime minister.

Cvetković–Maček Agreement
The Cvetković–Maček Agreement (Serbo-Croatian: Sporazum Cvetković-Maček, Споразум Цветковић-Мачек), also known simply as the Sporazum in English-language histories,
was a political compromise on internal divisions in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was settled on August 26, 1939, by  Yugoslav prime minister Dragiša Cvetković (an ethnic Serb) and by Vladko Maček (a Croat politician.) The agreement established the Banovina of Croatia, with boundaries drawn to include as many ethnic Croats as possible. This effectively created within  unitary Yugoslavia an  autonomous Croatian sub-state, a demand of Croat politicians since the  1918 founding of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). The Banovina later provided a model for eventual post-war constitutional arrangements in Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1945).
1986 Ohio earthquake
On January 31, 1986, at 11:46 EST (16:46 UTC), an earthquake of Mb 5.0 struck 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Cleveland, Ohio, and about 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of the Perry Nuclear Power Plant. The earthquake was felt over a broad area due to its location, including parts of the US such as the District of Columbia, and parts of Ontario, Canada. The earthquake generated relatively high accelerations (0.18 g) of short duration at the Perry plant. Thirteen aftershocks were detected in the following weeks, with six occurring within the first 8 days. Two of the aftershocks were felt. Magnitudes for the aftershocks ranged from about 0.5 to 2.5. Focal depths for all of the earthquakes ranged from 2 to 6 km (1.2 to 3.7 mi). Except for one small earthquake, all of the aftershocks occurred in a very tight cluster with a north-northeast orientation.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Bafunani Mnguni
Bafunani Aaron Mnguni (born 22 December 1960), also spelled Bafumani Mnguni, is a South African politician from the Free State. He represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Council of Provinces from 2009 to 2014 and in the National Assembly from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he served in the Free State Provincial Legislature.

National Council of Provinces
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) is the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa under the post-apartheid constitution which came into full effect in 1997. It replaced the former Senate, but is very similar to that body, and to many other upper houses of legislatures throughout the world, in that its purpose is to represent the governments of the provinces, rather than directly representing the people.
Angelo Bendinelli
Angelo Bendinelli (1876 in Lari, Tuscany – 1942 in Livorno) was an Italian tenor. Possessing a soothing, gentle voice, he debuted at the Teatro San Marco and was a student of Cortesi in Pisa and Giacchetti in Florence.

Later he performed in theaters in many Italian cities, like Bologna, Mantua and Venice, and performed important works such as Rigoletto, La sonnambula, L'amico Fritz, Iris, and Manon.

He regularly sang at the Teatro Petruzzelli of Bari from 1907 to 1925 and also sang abroad in places such as Cairo, Montevideo, and Buenos Aires.

In 1904, he sang at the Teatro G. Donizetti in Bergamo, and the following year he sang at the Palais du Trocadéro in Paris, along with the baritone Titta Ruffo and the soprano Gemma Bellincioni, performing the second act of La Traviata by Giuseppe Verdi.

Bendinelli was noted for his recording work with the Italian Columbia Company, and was one of their earliest tenor stars.

Titta Ruffo
Titta Ruffo (9 June 1877 – 5 July 1953), born as Ruffo Cafiero (double forename) Titta, was an Italian operatic baritone who had a major international singing career. Known as the "Voce del leone" ("voice of the lion"), he was greatly admired, even by rival baritones, such as Giuseppe De Luca, who said of Ruffo: "His was not a voice, it was a miracle" (although not often published is the second part of De Luca's conclusion "which he [Ruffo] bawled away..."), and Victor Maurel, the creator of Verdi's Iago and Falstaff. Maurel said that the notes of Ruffo's upper register were the most glorious baritone sounds he had ever heard (see Pleasants, cited below). Indeed Walter Legge, the prominent classical record producer, went so far as to call Ruffo "a genius".
Raratoka Island
Raratoka Island (also known as Centre Island) is a small island of 86 hectares (210 acres) in Foveaux Strait off the coast of Stewart Island / Rakiura, New Zealand. It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Stewart island's northernmost point, Black Rock Point, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of the Southland town of Riverton on the South Island mainland. Several small reefs surround the island, notably Escape Reefs, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east, and Hapuka Rock, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the southwest.

The island was named by Māori after the Island of Rarotonga, and is the Southern Māori form of the same word, meaning "beneath the south" or "south wind".

Raratoka Island is used as an island sanctuary, with the Department of Conservation releasing 15 captive-bred birds in 2006 after eradicating the population of Polynesian rats. The island contains a lighthouse and a small airstrip.

Rarotonga
Rarotonga is the largest and most populous island of the country of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of 67.39 km2 (26.02 sq mi), and is home to 72% of the country's population, with 10,898 of a total population of 15,040. Avarua, on the north coast, is the location of the Parliament buildings and the capital of the Cook Islands. The country's international airport is also in Avarua, and Rarotonga is a popular tourist destination, with many resorts, hotels and motels.

Rarotonga has been populated by a Polynesian people since late in the 1st millennium. Captain John Dibbs, master of the colonial brig Endeavour, is credited as the European discoverer, on 25 July 1823 while transporting the missionary Reverend John Williams.
Axel Ståhle
Axel Reinhold Ståhle (1 February 1891 – 21 November 1987) was a Swedish Army officer and horse rider who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He and his horse Cecil finished seventh in the individual jumping event and won a gold medal with the Swedish jumping team.

Ståhle became ryttmästare in the reserve in 1928.

Ryttmästare
Ryttmästare (from the German word Rittmeister) was a military rank in the Swedish cavalry in the Swedish Army. The rank corresponded to the rank of captain in other service branches. The rank was abolished in 1972.
Es buah
Sop Buah (also known as Es Buah) is an Indonesian iced fruit cocktail dessert. This cold and sweet beverage is made of diced fruits, such as honeydew, cantaloupe, pineapple, papaya, squash, jackfruit and kolang kaling (Arenga pinnata fruit), mixed with shaved ice or ice cubes, and sweetened with liquid sugar or syrup. The type of fruit used in this dessert may vary, some might add any available fruits such as mango, watermelon or longan — some imported fruits — such as lychee, kiwi, strawberry, pear, peach or grapes. Other ingredients might be added too, such as agar-agar jelly, grass jelly, seaweed or nata de coco.

Sop buah is a popular drink among Indonesians, especially during Ramadhan as a popular choice for iftar — to break the fast among Indonesian Muslims. It is quite similar with es campur and es teler although with different contents.

Nata de coco
Nata de coco, also marketed as coconut gel, is a chewy, translucent, jelly-like food produced by the fermentation of coconut water, which gels through the production of microbial cellulose by Komagataeibacter xylinus.

Originating in Ramon, Isabela, nata de coco was invented in 1949 by Teódula Kalaw África as an alternative to the traditional Filipino nata de piña made from pineapples. It is most commonly sweetened as a candy or dessert, and can accompany a variety of foods, including pickles, drinks, ice cream, puddings, and fruit cocktails.  Nowadays, nata de coco can be made using ground konjac plant fibers. The konjac in the composition helps make nata de coco low in calories.  Nata de coco with added konjac is often used to make low-calorie bubble tea.
Expend4bles
Expend4bles (also known as The Expendables 4) is a 2023 American action film and the fourth in The Expendables film series. The film stars an ensemble cast, including Jason Statham, Sylvester Stallone, Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson, Megan Fox, Dolph Lundgren, Tony Jaa, Iko Uwais, Randy Couture and Andy Garcia. It was directed by Scott Waugh and written by Kurt Wimmer, Tad Daggerhart and Max D. Adams.

Expend4bles was released in China on September 15, 2023, and in the United States a week later, by Lionsgate. The film received negative reviews from critics and grossed $51 million worldwide against a budget of $100 million, making it a box-office bomb. It was nominated for seven Golden Raspberry Awards, winning two, for Worst Supporting Actor and Worst Supporting Actress.

Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor
The Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor is an award presented at the annual Golden Raspberry Awards to the worst supporting actor of the previous year. The following is a list of nominees and recipients of that award, along with the film(s) for which they were nominated.

The category of "actor" has expanded to include the subjects of documentary films. The "supporting actor" category includes short cameo appearances.
John Dornon
John Dornon (February 22, 1940 – January 14, 1996) was an American football coach.  He was the head football coach at Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa. He held that position for three seasons, from 1974 until 1976. His coaching record at Morningside was 4–22–1.

Morningside University
Morningside University is a private university affiliated with the United Methodist Church and located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1894 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, Morningside University has 21 buildings on a 68-acre (280,000 m2) campus in Sioux City (area population 143,157 in 2008). The Morningside College Historic District, which includes most of the campus, is on the National Register of Historic Places. Morningside College officially became Morningside University on June 1, 2021.
Battle of Ishibashiyama
The Battle of Ishibashiyama (石橋山の戦い, Ishibashiyama no tatakai) (referred to as the Battle of Kobayakawa in the Gikeiki) was fought on August 24th, 1180 (Jishō calendar) or September 14th, 1180 (Gregorian calendar) at the end of the Heian period between Minamoto no Yoritomo, who became the first shōgun of Japan less than a decade later, and the forces of the Taira clan, including Ōba Kagechika. It was the first battle in which Yoritomo was commander of the Minamoto forces.

The battle was fought in the southwest of present-day Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, near Yoritomo's headquarters at Kamakura. The Minamoto army, consisting of 300 cavalry, positioned themselves on Ishibashiyama, while the Taira army, numbering 3000 cavalry, deployed across a valley. Minamoto no Yoritomo suffered a crushing defeat and fled into the Hakone Mountains, then escaped by boat to Awa Province and regrouped.

Sakawa River
The Sakawa River (Japanese: 酒匂川（さかわがわ）, Hepburn: sakawagawa) is a river in Shizuoka Prefecture and Kanagawa Prefecture Japan. In Shizuoka Prefecture it is called the Ayuzawa River. It flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Maur Hill–Mount Academy
Maur Hill–Mount Academy is a coed Catholic, college prep, boarding high school in Atchison, Kansas. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas and sponsored by the St. Benedict's Abbey (monastery) and Mount St. Scholastica (convent) in Atchison, KS. It became Maur Hill–Mount Academy with the merger of the two long established schools: Maur Hill Prep School (1919) was an all-boys school and Mount St. Scholastica Academy (1863), an all-girls school.

The student population is around 190-220 students (about 80-90 boarding and 100-120 day students from the surrounding area. Boarding students attend from many states across the US and approximately 50 of the boarding students are international students.

Benedictine Sisters of Mount St. Scholastica
The Benedictine Sisters of Mount St. Scholastica are an education-focused Benedictine religious community in Atchison, Kansas. The monastery founded Mount St.Scholastica College, a women's college which merged with St. Benedict's College in 1971, forming what is now Benedictine College.
Elkins Act
The Elkins Act is a 1903 United States federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The Act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates.  The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates. Railroad corporations, their officers, and their employees, were all made liable for discriminatory practices.

Prior to the Elkins Act, the livestock and petroleum industries paid standard rail shipping rates, but then would demand that the railroad company give them rebates. The railroad companies resented being extorted by the commercial and industrial trusts and therefore welcomed passage of the Elkins Act. The law was sponsored by President Theodore Roosevelt as a part of his "Square Deal" domestic program, and greatly boosted his popularity.

Price ceiling
A price ceiling is a government- or group-imposed price control, or limit, on how high a price is charged for a product, commodity, or service. Governments impose price ceilings to protect consumers from conditions that could make commodities prohibitively expensive. Economists generally agree that consumer price controls do not accomplish what they intend to in market economies, and many economists instead recommend such controls should be avoided.

While price ceilings are often imposed by governments, there are also price ceilings that are implemented by non-governmental organizations such as companies, such as the practice of resale price maintenance. With resale price maintenance, a manufacturer and its distributors agree that the distributors will sell the manufacturer's product at certain prices (resale price maintenance), at or below a price ceiling (maximum resale price maintenance) or at or above a price floor.
Clonmel Island
Clonmel Island is a sand island in Corner Inlet, in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. Located within the Nooramunga Marine and Coastal Park, it is a part of a complex of barrier islands that protects a large marine embayment from the pounding waves of the Bass Strait. It is one of the five major islands of Corner Inlet, a Ramsar site, and hosts significant breeding colonies of Caspian terns,  crested terns, and Australian fairy terns.

Bird colony
A bird colony is a large congregation of one or more species of bird that nest or roost in proximity at a particular location. Many kinds of birds are known to congregate in groups of varying size; a congregation of nesting birds is called a breeding colony. Colonial nesting birds include seabirds such as auks and albatrosses; wetland species such as herons; and a few passerines such as weaverbirds, certain blackbirds, and some swallows. A group of birds congregating for rest is called a communal roost. Evidence of colonial nesting has been found in non-neornithine birds (Enantiornithes), in sediments from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania.
Blue-legged mantella
The blue-legged mantella (Mantella expectata) is a small species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to the Isalo National Park and areas south of it in Madagascar, a range it shares with the rainbow frog (Scaphiophryne gottlebei). Both are locally common, but endangered due to habitat loss and over-collected for the pet trade.

Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates, Oophaga and Phyllobates, among others.
Dane Byers
Dane Byers (born February 21, 1986) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He last played for and captained Manchester Storm of the UK's EIHL. He was originally drafted by the New York Rangers 48th overall in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.

Prince Albert Raiders
The Prince Albert Raiders are a Canadian major junior ice hockey team based in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Founded in 1971 as a member of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League, the Raiders have been members of the Western Hockey League since 1982. They play in the East Division of the Eastern Conference and host games at the Art Hauser Centre.The Raiders are two-time Ed Chynoweth Cup winners, and won the Memorial Cup as Canadian junior champions in 1985.
Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict
The Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict started in late October 2014, during the Syrian Civil War, in Idlib and Aleppo governorates, during which Al-Nusra attempted to establish an Islamic state rival to that of IS. Despite this, the Al-Nusra Front and Free Syrian Army factions continued to cooperate in the southern Syrian governorates of Quneitra and Daraa.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
2011 Tatarstan Open – Doubles
Ekaterina Dzehalevich and Lesia Tsurenko were the defending champions, but both chose not to participate.
Ekaterina Ivanova and Andreja Klepač won the title when Vitalia Diatchenko and Alexandra Panova withdrew from the final.

Lesia Tsurenko
Lesia Viktorivna Tsurenko (Ukrainian: Леся Вікторівна Цуренко; born 30 May 1989) is a Ukrainian inactive professional tennis player. Tsurenko has won four singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as ten singles and eight doubles tournaments on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 18 February 2019, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 23. On 28 May 2018, she peaked at No. 115 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Honda CB400F
The Honda CB400F is a motorcycle produced by Honda from 1975 to 1977. It first appeared at the 1974 Cologne motorcycle show, Intermot, and was dropped from the Honda range in 1978.
It had an air-cooled, transverse-mounted 408 cc (24.9 cu in) inline four-cylinder engine with two valves per cylinder operated by a single chain-driven overhead camshaft. Fuelling was provided by four 20 mm Keihin carburettors. The CB400F is commonly known as the Honda 400 Four.: 110

Intermot
INTERMOT Cologne is a biennial trade show for motorcycle manufacturers. The trade show began in Munich in 1998, though it was founded in Cologne. Since 2006 it has moved to Koelnmesse in Cologne. The Intermot 2006 had over 1,000 exhibitors and some 187,000 visitors.
Rudăria-Bănia mine
The Rudăria-Bănia mine is a large open pit mine in the south-western Romania in Caraș-Severin County. Rudăria-Bănia represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 70 million tonnes of ore grading 45% iron metal and 20% manganese metal. The mine has the capability to produce around 500,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Summit Lake (Crooked River)
Summit Lake, elevation 710 m (2329 ft), is a lake in the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located to the north of the city of Prince George.  It is the namesake of the community of the same name, which lies alongside the John Hart Highway to the south of the community of McLeod Lake (Fort McLeod).  It is at the head of the Crooked River, which flows north to McLeod Lake.

Summit Lake is situated at the divide between the Fraser and Peace basins and so is at the divide between the Pacific and Arctic drainages.  As such, it is also the location of the prominence col for Pico de Orizaba, in relation to Denali, meaning also that it is one of the lowest locations along the Continental Divide of North America north of Mexico.

Pico de Orizaba
Citlaltépetl (from Náhuatl citlal(in) = star, and tepētl = mountain), otherwise known as Pico de Orizaba, is an active volcano and the highest in North America, as well as the highest mountain in Mexico and third highest peak in North America, after Denali/Mount McKinley of the United States and Mount Logan of Canada. It rises 5,636 metres (18,491 ft) above sea level in the eastern end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, on the border between the states of Veracruz and Puebla. The volcano is currently dormant but not extinct, with the last eruption taking place during the 19th century. It is the second most prominent volcanic peak in the world after Mount Kilimanjaro. Pico de Orizaba is ranked 16th by topographic isolation.