hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Listed buildings in Alvaston
Alvaston is an electoral ward in the city of Derby, England.  The ward contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, three are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The ward was initially a village, and it has grown to become a suburb of the city.  Towards the north of the ward are the former Tri Junct Station and the Derby Railway Works, and associated with them are four listed buildings.  Some of the oldest listed buildings, consisting of cottages and a farmhouse, are located near the original centre of the village.  The other listed buildings include churches and associated structures, a former toll house, and a conference centre.

Derby railway station
Derby (/ˈdɑːrbi/ ⓘ, also known as Derby Midland) is a main line railway station serving the city of Derby, in Derbyshire, England. It lies 127 miles (204 km) north of London St Pancras on the Midland Main Line. Owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway, the station is also served by CrossCountry services. It is the busiest station in Derbyshire and the third busiest station in the East Midlands. It is situated to the south-east of Derby city centre, close to the west bank of the River Derwent.
Manjoi
Manjoi or Gugusan Manjoi is a satellite town in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia,. It is considered a major Malay neighbourhood in Peninsular Malaysia second only to the Kampung Baru at the heart of Kuala Lumpur, the nation's capital. Manjoi has mosques and many facilities that are convenient for its residents. It combines several locales/Malay villages (Kampungs). This neighbourhood is under the administration of Mukim Hulu Kinta (Ipoh) of Kinta District.

Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur
Kampung Baru or Kampong Bharu (meaning "New Village") is a Malay enclave in central Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One of the most valuable tracts of land in the capital, it has been estimated to be worth up to US$1.4 billion.
Caesarius of Terracina
Saint Caesarius of Terracina (Italian: Saint Cesario Deacono, "Saint Caesarius the Deacon") was a Christian martyr. The church of San Cesareo in Palatio in Rome bears his name. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church, with a feast day on 1 November.

Morton Grove, Illinois
Morton Grove is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 25,297. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.

The village is named after former United States Vice President Levi Parsons Morton, who helped finance the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad (later the Milwaukee Road), which roughly tracked the North Branch of the Chicago River in the area and established a stop at the old Miller's Mill. Miller's Mill Road, now Lincoln Avenue, connected the former riverside sawmill to the township's central settlement (Niles Center, now Skokie). The railroad stop facilitated trade and development; the upstart neighborhood grew enough to incorporate in December 1895.
Lincoln Memorial (album)
Lincoln Memorial is the second album by Project Z. It was recorded in March 2002 at ZAC Recording Studio in Atlanta, Georgia, and was released in 2005 by Abstract Logix. On the album, core Project Z members Jimmy Herring (guitar), Ricky Keller (bass), and Jeff Sipe (drums) are joined by guest artists Greg Osby (saxophone) and Jason Crosby (keyboards).

The album is dedicated to Ricky Keller, who died in June 2003, and who had been given the nickname "Lincoln Metcalf" by Col. Bruce Hampton.

Bruce Hampton
Bruce Hampton (born Gustav Valentine Berglund III; April 30, 1947 – May 1, 2017) was an American musician. He was a key figure in the Atlanta music scene, mentoring numerous other musicians who became national stars.  His own musical style was avant-garde, combining elements of jazz, fusion, southern rock, and jam band styles.

He first rose to prominence as the leader of the Hampton Grease Band. Adopting the moniker Colonel Hampton B. Coles, Retired or alternatively Col. Bruce Hampton Ret., and sometimes playing a sort of dwarf guitar called a "chazoid", he later formed several other bands, some of whose names include The Late Bronze Age, The Aquarium Rescue Unit, The Fiji Mariners, The Codetalkers, The Quark Alliance, Pharaoh Gummitt, and Madrid Express.
Shoko Asahara
Shoko Asahara (麻原 彰晃, Asahara Shōkō; March 2, 1955 – July 6, 2018), born Chizuo Matsumoto (松本 智津夫, Matsumoto Chizuo), was a Japanese cult leader and terrorist who founded and led the doomsday cult known as Aum Shinrikyo. He was convicted of masterminding the 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway which killed 14 people and injured thousands more, and was also involved in several other assassinations and terrorist attacks. Asahara was sentenced to death in 2004, and his final appeal failed in 2011. In June 2012, his execution was postponed due to further arrests of Aum members. He was ultimately executed along with other senior members of Aum Shinrikyo on July 6, 2018.

Potassium chloride
Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. KCl is used as a salt substitute for table salt (NaCl), a fertilizer, as a medication, in scientific applications, in domestic water softeners (as a substitute for sodium chloride salt), as a feedstock, and in food processing, where it may be known as E number additive E508.

It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, which is named after salt's historical designations sal degistivum Sylvii and sal febrifugum Sylvii, and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.
Horsehay Quarries
Horsehay Quarries is a 8.4-hectare (21-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Bicester in Oxfordshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

These quarries expose rocks dating to the Middle Jurassic period. The sequence runs from the Northampton Sand Formation of the Aalenian about 172 million years ago to the Taynton Limestone Formation of the Middle Bathonian around 167 million years ago.

The site is private land with no public access.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi
General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Somali: Maxamed Xasan Cabdilaahi) also known as "Jidhif" was a chief of staff of the Somaliland Armed Forces. He hails from  In the 1980s, he joined the Somali National Movement. Before being appointed as the chief of staff, he was head of Mercy Corps in Somaliland.

Mercy Corps
Mercy Corps is a global non-governmental, humanitarian aid organization operating in transitional contexts that have undergone, or have been undergoing, various forms of economic, environmental, social and political instabilities. The organization claims to have assisted more than 220 million people survive humanitarian conflicts, seek improvements in livelihoods, and deliver durable development to their communities.

Mercy Corps proposes a mission to "alleviate suffering, poverty and oppression by helping people build secure, productive and just communities." As of August 2021, the organization reports to be operating within 38 countries, including Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Myanmar and Yemen, with programs focused in a number of humanitarian sectors ranging from conflict management, children & youth to agriculture and food security.
Fischer's inequality
In mathematics, Fischer's inequality gives an upper bound for the determinant of a  positive-semidefinite matrix whose entries are complex numbers in terms of the determinants of its principal diagonal blocks. 
Suppose A, C are respectively p×p, q×q positive-semidefinite complex matrices and B is a p×q complex matrix.
Let

so that M is a (p+q)×(p+q) matrix.

Then Fischer's inequality states that

If M is positive-definite, equality is achieved in Fischer's inequality if and only if all the entries of B are 0. Inductively one may conclude that a similar inequality holds for a block decomposition of M with multiple principal diagonal blocks. Considering 1×1 blocks, a corollary is Hadamard's inequality. On the other hand, Fischer's inequality can also be proved by using Hadamard's inequality, see the proof of Theorem 7.8.5 in Horn and Johnson's Matrix Analysis.

Matrix analysis
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra and applications, matrix analysis is the study of matrices and their algebraic properties. Some particular topics out of many include; operations defined on matrices (such as matrix addition, matrix multiplication and operations derived from these), functions of matrices (such as matrix exponentiation and matrix logarithm, and even sines and cosines etc. of matrices), and the eigenvalues of matrices (eigendecomposition of a matrix, eigenvalue perturbation theory).
Keselo
Keselo (Georgian: კესელო) is a small medieval fortress just above the village of Omalo in Tusheti (historic geographic area in eastern Georgia). The site is surrounded by the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. It is bordered to the north and east by Russia, to the east by the Georgian historic provinces Kakheti and to the south by Pshav-Khevsureti. The population of the area is mainly ethnic Georgians called Tush or Tushetians (Georgian: tushebi), However, there are some villages nearby which are populated by Daghestanis.

Kakheti
Kakheti (/kəˈxɛti/; Georgian: კახეთი K’akheti [kʼaχetʰi]) is a region of Georgia. Telavi is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts: Telavi, Gurjaani, Qvareli, Sagarejo, Dedoplistsqaro, Signagi, Lagodekhi and Akhmeta.

Kakhetians speak the Kakhetian dialect of Georgian. Kakheti is one of the most significant wine producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of Georgian wines. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli, to the north and east by the Russian Federation, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetera, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery.

The Georgian David Gareji monastery complex is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities.
2013–14 Albanian Cup
2013–14 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) is the sixty-second season of Albania's annual cup competition. KF Laçi are the most recent winners of the competition, that being their first Cup trophy.

Ties are played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregate score is tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advances. If the number of away goals is equal in both games, the match is decided by extra time and a penalty shoot-out, if necessary.

KF Laçi
Klubi i Futbollit Laçi is an Albanian professional football club based in Laç. The club competes in the Kategoria e Parë, the second tier of Albanian football. Their home ground is Laçi Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 2,271.

Under the ownership of local businessman and club president Pashk Laska, Laçi has established itself as a top-half Kategoria Superiore side since being promoted back to the division in 2009, with their highest-ever finish coming in the 2013–14 Kategoria Superiore season where they finished third. The club have also won the Albanian Cup on two occasions during this period, in 2013 and 2015, they have qualified for the Europa League seven times, reaching the second qualifying round on three occasions, and they have qualified for the Europa Conference League one time, reaching the third qualifying round in 2021.
Koivula (surname)
Koivula is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ritva Koivula (1933–2025), Finnish swimmer

Ilkka Koivula (born 1966), Finnish actor

Heli Koivula Kruger (born 1975), Finnish track and field athlete

Jussi Koivula (born 1983), Finnish professional boxer

Otto Koivula (born 1998), Finnish professional ice hockey forward

Ilkka Koivula
Ilkka Koivula (born 16 March 1966) is a Finnish actor. He has appeared in 28 films and television shows since 1988. He starred in the film Lights in the Dusk, which was entered into the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.
Welscheid
Welscheid (Luxembourgish: Welschent) is a village in the commune of Bourscheid, in north-eastern Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the village had a population of 222.

Welscheid is connected to the cycling path PC16 with a short serpentine road to Bourscheid.

Cycling infrastructure
Cycling infrastructure is all infrastructure cyclists are allowed to use. Bikeways include bike paths, bike lanes, cycle tracks, rail trails and, where permitted, sidewalks. Roads used by motorists are also cycling infrastructure, except where cyclists are barred such as many freeways/motorways. It includes amenities such as bike racks for parking, shelters, service centers and specialized traffic signs and signals. The more cycling infrastructure there is, the more people travel by bicycle.

Good road design, road maintenance and traffic management can make cycling safer and more useful. Settlements with a dense network of interconnected streets tend to be places for getting around by bike. Their cycling networks can give people direct, fast, easy and convenient routes.
Toch-v-Toch
"Toch-v-Toch" (Russian: "Точь-в-точь", "Right to a Tee") is a TV program on Russia's Channel One and the unofficial sequel to the show "One to One!" (the Russian version of the international format "Your Face Sounds Familiar" by "Endemol").

Like its predecessor, "One to One!", "Toch-v-toch" also involves celebrities trying to impersonate well-known musicians, singers and actors, trying to appear as similar as possible. Four jury members and an arbitrator rank the performances, with the winner being the contestant to amass the most points throughout the season.

Your Face Sounds Familiar
Your Face Sounds Familiar (abbreviated as YFSF) is a television reality singing competition franchise. Originating from the Spanish programme Tu cara me suena created and produced by Gestmusic, as well as the format similar to predecessors like Soundmixshow, My Name is..., and Súper Sábado Sensacional segment Buscando una Estrella, it features celebrities and also civilians impersonating on their respective singers through competitive means.
George Vansittart
George Vansittart (15 September 1745 – 31 January 1825) was a British politician.

He was the younger son of Arthur Vansittart of Shottesbrook and educated at Reading school. His brothers Arthur Vansittart and Henry Vansittart were also MPs.

He made his fortune as a merchant in British India and settled at Bisham Abbey on his return to England in 1776. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Berkshire from 1784 to 1812.

Vansittart married Sarah, daughter of Sir James Stonhouse, 11th Baronet, with whom he had 5 sons and 3 daughters. General George Henry Vansittart and Vice-Admiral Henry Vansittart (1777–1843) were their sons. His grandson, George Henry Vansittart, would also represent Berkshire in Parliament, from 1852 to 1859.

Berkshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Berkshire was a parliamentary constituency in England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. The county returned two knights of the shire until 1832 and three between 1832 and 1885.
Yellow Rage
Yellow Rage is a duo of Philadelphia-based Asian American female spoken word poets, made up of Michelle Myers, who holds a PhD from Temple University, and Catzie Vilayphonh, the Fashion Director for two.one.five magazine. Their poems are self-written and are often based on personal experiences, focussing on social and political issues relevant to the Asian American community and aiming to challenge common misconceptions of Asianness. The performances are often aggressive and include frequent swearing, but also include wit and humor.

Spoken word
Spoken word is an oral poetic performance art that is based mainly on the poem's as well as the performer's aesthetic qualities. It is a 20th-century continuation of an ancient oral artistic tradition that focuses on the aesthetics of recitation and word play, such as the performer's live intonation and voice inflection. Spoken word is a catch-all term that includes any kind of poetry recited aloud, including poetry readings, poetry slams, jazz poetry, pianologues, musical readings, and hip hop music, and can include comedy routines and prose monologues. Unlike written poetry, the quality of spoken word is shaped less by the visual aesthetics on a page, and more from phonaesthetics or the aesthetics of sound.
Phil Young (politician)
Phil Young is an American Democratic Party politician who served as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 120th district, which includes part of Stratford, from 2018 to 2022. Young was first elected in 2018 during a special election against Republican Bill Cabral. In that year's general election, Young defeated Republican Jim Feehan by just 13 votes. Young defeated Feehan again in 2020 by a 2.6 point margin. In February 2022, Young announced that he will seek re-election in the 2022 Connecticut House of Representatives election but was unseated by Republican Laura Dancho. Young served as a member of the house's Judiciary Committee, Public Health Committee, and the Environment Committee.

Unseating
Unseating is a political term which refers to a legislator who loses their seat in an election. A legislator who is unseated loses the right to sit in a legislative chamber. A landslide victory results in many legislators being unseated.
James Pitt Mabee
James Pitt Mabee (November 5, 1859 – May 6, 1912) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and railway commissioner.

Born in Port Rowan, Canada West, Mabee studied at University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall before being called to the Bar in 1882. A lawyer, he ran unsuccessfully as the Liberal Party of Canada candidate against Alexander Ferguson MacLaren in the riding of Perth North in the Federal election of 1904. In 1905, he was appointed the first chairman of the Canadian section of the International Waterways Commission. Later in 1905, he resigned when he was appointed the chancery division of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. In 1908. he was appointed head of the Board of Railway Commissioners succeeding Albert Clements Killam. He served until getting appendicitis in April 1912. He died of the complications from gangrene in May 1912 and was buried in the Anglican cemetery at Port Rowan.

Osgoode Hall Law School
Osgoode Hall Law School, commonly shortened to Osgoode, is the law school of York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is home to the Law Commission of Ontario, the Journal of Law and Social Policy, and the Osgoode Hall Law Journal. A variety of J.D. LL.M. and Ph.D. degrees in law are available. Osgoode is widely considered to be one of the top law schools in Canada, ranking second in the country according to the most recent rankings by Maclean.

The law school's alumni include two Canadian prime ministers, four Attorneys General, eight premiers of Ontario, four Mayors of Toronto, eleven Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, four of whom were Chief Justices, and one Academy Award nominee. The current dean of the law school is Trevor C.W. Farrow.
Aleksandr Kuligin
Aleksandr Vasilievich Kuligin (Russian: Александр Васильевич Кулигин; born 5 February 1991 in Dzerzhinsk) is a Russian football defender. He was the captain of the Russian team that won gold medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

Dzerzhinsk, Russia
Dzerzhinsk (Russian: Дзержи́нск, IPA: [dzʲɪrˈʐɨnsk]) is a city in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located along the Oka River, about 370 kilometers (230 mi) east of Moscow and 35 kilometers (22 mi) west of Nizhny Novgorod. Population:  240,742 (2010 census); 261,334 (2002 census); 285,071 (1989 Soviet census).

It was previously known as Rastyapino (until 1929).
Chuck Versus the Colonel
"Chuck Versus the Colonel" is the 21st episode of Chuck's second season, and the 34th episode overall. It aired on NBC on April 20, 2009. Chuck and Sarah go on the run in an effort to locate Chuck's father. At the Buy More, Morgan becomes a pariah among his coworkers after Big Mike's demotion.

Chuck season 5
The fifth and final season of the American action-comedy television series Chuck was announced on May 13, 2011. It included 13 episodes, which premiered on October 28, 2011, and concluded on January 27, 2012, with a two-hour finale.

Continuing from the eponymous cliffhanger ending of the fourth season finale, "Chuck Versus the Cliffhanger", the fifth season featured the series returning to its roots. With their new-found wealth, Chuck (Zachary Levi) and Sarah Bartowski (Yvonne Strahovski) own the fictional big-box store Buy More, as well as their new freelance spy organization, Carmichael Industries, which includes John Casey (Adam Baldwin) and Morgan Grimes (Joshua Gomez). Meanwhile, Morgan acts as the human possessor of the government database known as the Intersect, and Chuck is forced to act as Morgan's protector in the same way that Sarah and Casey were to Chuck in past seasons.
William Pakenham, 4th Earl of Longford
General William Lygon Pakenham, 4th Earl of Longford, GCB, DL, JP  (31 January 1819 – 19 April 1887), styled The Honourable William Pakenham before 1860, was an Anglo-Irish hereditary peer, soldier and Conservative politician.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Ronald Ludington
Ronald Ludington (September 4, 1934 – May 14, 2020) was an American figure skating coach and pair skater. With Nancy Rouillard Ludington, he was the 1960 Olympic bronze medalist, 1959 World bronze medalist, and a four-time U.S. national champion.

Figure skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Pair skating
The pair skating competition of the 1960 Winter Olympics was held at the Blyth Arena in Squaw Valley, California, United States. The event took place on Friday 19 February 1960. Each judge ranked the skaters by Ordinal Placement from first to last place. If a skater was ranked first by a majority of the judges, that skater was placed first overall; this process was repeated for each place. If more than one skater had a majority ranking for the same position, then a series of tiebreaks were in place, indicated in order in the Results section below.

Barbara Wagner / Robert Paul won gold for Canada, having not been beaten since the 1956 Winter Olympics.