hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mottos of Norwegian institutions
This list contains mottos of Norwegian institutions. Norway does not have a state motto; however, the personal motto of the reigning monarch can be said to fill some of that function. The motto of the three last monarchs has been Alt for Norge which translates roughly as All for Norway. The motto was first chosen by King Haakon VII and immortalised as the rallying motto of the Norwegian resistance against the German occupation of Norway. It is not common for Norwegian municipalities or government agencies to have mottos.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Ivan Tregubov
Ivan Sergeyevich Tregubov (Russian: Иван Серге́евич Трегубов; January 19, 1930 – September 1, 1992) was a Soviet ice hockey defenceman in the 1950s and 1960s. Tregubov was born in the Mordovian ASSR of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.

Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Russian: Мордовская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика, Mordovskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika; Moksha: Мордовскяй Автономнай Советскяй Социалистическяй Республикась, Mordovskjaj Avtonomnaj Sovetskjaj Socialističeskjaj Respublikaś; Erzya: Мордовской Автономной Советской Социалистической Республикась, Mordovskoj Avtonomnoj Sovetskoj Socialističeskoj Respublikaś) was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union. It is now known as the Republic of Mordovia, a federal subject of Russia.
John Boland (Fine Gael politician)
John James Boland (30 November 1944 – 14 August 2000) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Health from January 1987 to March 1987, Minister for the Environment from 1986 to 1987, Minister for the Public Service from 1982 to 1986 and Minister for Education from 1981 to 1982. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1977 to 1989. He also served as a Senator for the Labour Panel from 1969 to 1977.

Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage
The Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage (Irish: An tAire Tithíochta, Rialtais Áitiúil agus Oidhreachta) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

The Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage since January 2025 is James Browne, TD.

He is assisted by three Ministers of State:

John Cummins, TD – Minister of State for local government and planning

Christopher O'Sullivan, TD – Minister of State for nature, heritage and biodiversity

Kieran O'Donnell, TD – Minister of State for housing
Panagaeus bipustulatus
Panagaeus bipustulatus is a species of ground beetle native to Europe and the Near East. In Europe, it is found in Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, mainland Denmark, Estonia, Finland, mainland France, Germany, Great Britain including the Isle of Man, Hungary, mainland Italy, Kaliningrad, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Ukraine.

Britain I.
Britain I. is a distribution area defined in the Fauna Europaea database. It comprises the island of Great Britain and all surrounding islands and island groups including Orkney, Shetland, the Outer and Inner Hebrides, Anglesey and the Isles of Scilly. The Isle of Man is also included in the distribution area.

The following territories have their own defined distribution areas and are not included in Britain I.:

Northern Ireland

Republic of Ireland

Channel Islands
Arturo Triangi di Maderno e Laces
Arturo Corrado Luigi Triangi, Conte di Maderno e Laces (18 February 1864 in Fiesole – 3 March 1935 in Florence) was an Italian admiral. He was also a member of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy and briefly Minister of the Navy in the Boselli government. A count of the Holy Roman Empire, his title was officially recognised in Italy by a ministerial decree of 8 April 1925.

Imperial Count
Imperial Count (German: Reichsgraf, pronounced [ˈʁaɪ̯çsˌɡʁaːf]) was a title in the Holy Roman Empire. During the medieval era, it was used exclusively to designate the holder of an imperial county, that is, a fief held directly (immediately) from the emperor, rather than from a prince who was a vassal of the emperor or of another sovereign, such as a duke or prince-elector. These imperial counts sat on one of the four "benches" of Counts, whereat each exercised a fractional vote in the Imperial Diet until 1806. Imperial counts rank above counts elevated by lesser sovereigns.

In the post–Middle Ages era, anyone granted the title of Count by the emperor in his specific capacity as ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (rather than, e.g. as ruler of Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, the Spanish Netherlands, etc.) became, ipso facto, an "Imperial Count" (Reichsgraf), whether he reigned over an immediate county or not.
Boerma
Boerma is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Addeke Hendrik Boerma (1912–1992), Dutch civil servant

Anthonius Cornelis Boerma (1852–1908), Dutch architect

Hanneke Boerma (born 1975), Dutch diplomat and politician

Scott Boerma (born 1964), American composer

Thomas Boerma (born 1981), Dutch field hockey player

Addeke Hendrik Boerma
Addeke Hendrik Boerma (3 April 1912 – 8 May 1992) was a Dutch civil servant who served as the first executive director of the World Food Programme from 1962 to 1967 and as the director general of the Food and Agriculture Organization from 1967 until December 1975.
Chicago Riot Rugby Football Club
The Chicago Riot Rugby Football Club is a Division II rugby union team based out of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is a member of the Chicago Area Rugby Football Union and the Midwest Rugby Football Union. The Riot play league matches throughout Illinois, as well as numerous tournaments and friendly matches in the Midwest.

Chicago Area Rugby Football Union
The Chicago Area Rugby Football Union (CARFU) is the Local Area Union (LAU) for rugby union teams in the Chicago metropolitan area. CARFU is part of the Midwest Rugby Football Union (MRFU), which is also the governing body for the Allegheny, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin LAU's. All local and territorial unions are part of USA Rugby.
Fox Fur Nebula
The Fox Fur Nebula is a nebula (a formation of gas and dust) located in the constellation of Monoceros (the Unicorn) not far off the right arm of Orion and included in the NGC 2264 Region. In the Sharpless catalog it is number 273.

The image is a close-up of a small section of a much larger complex, generally known as the Christmas Tree cluster. The Cone Nebula is also a part of this same cloud.

The red regions of this nebula are caused by hydrogen gas that has been stimulated to emit its own light by the copious ultraviolet radiation coming from the hot, blue stars of the cluster.  The blue areas shine by a different process: they are mainly dust clouds that reflect the bluish light of the same stars.

Its popular name arises because the nebula looks like the head of a stole made from the fur of a red fox.

Shawl
A shawl (from Persian: شال shāl) is a simple item of clothing, loosely worn over the shoulders, upper body and arms, and sometimes also over the head. It is usually a rectangular piece of cloth, but can also be square or triangular in shape. Other shapes include oblong shawls.
Canoe Lake (Syine Township)
Canoe Lake (French: lac Canoe) is a lake in geographic Syine Township in the Unorganized Part of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada, about 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) northeast of the municipality of Terrace Bay.

The lake has a number of unnamed tributaries, and has as its outflow an unnamed west branching of Fishnet Creek that leads to Jackfish Lake, and thence by a short channel into Lake Superior. It is 700 metres (2,297 ft) long, 500 metres (1,640 ft) wide, and lies at an elevation of 234 m (768 ft). Ontario Highway 17 travels along the north shore of the lake.

Terrace Bay
Terrace Bay is a township in Thunder Bay District in northern Ontario, Canada, located on the north shore of Lake Superior east of Thunder Bay along Highway 17. The name originates from a series of lake terraces formed as the water level in Lake Superior lowered following the latest ice age.
Ben Harris (rugby union, born 1999)
Benjamin James Harris (born 8 September 1999 in England) is an English rugby union player who plays for Ealing Trailfinders in the RFU Championship. His playing position is wing. He was promoted to Saracens' first-team squad ahead of the 2021–22 season. Harris has represented England at rugby sevens since 2017, playing in 14 tournaments. He was named the "England 7's RPA Mens Player of the Year" for the 2019/20 season, making him the youngest player to receive the award. He also competed in the men's tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics for Great Britain.

On 22 May 2024, it was confirmed that Harris would join Ealing Trailfinders in the RFU Championship from the 2024–25 season.

2021–22 Premiership Rugby
The 2021–22 Premiership Rugby was the 35th season of the top flight of English domestic rugby union competition and the fourth to be sponsored by Gallagher. It is also the first since 1992–93 to feature thirteen teams. The competition was broadcast by BT Sport for the ninth successive season with four league season games and the final also simulcast free-to-air on ITV. Highlights of each weekend's games were shown on ITV with extended highlights on BT Sport.

The reigning champions entering the season were Harlequins who claimed their 2nd title after defeating Exeter Chiefs in the 2021 final. Saracens were promoted as champions from the 2020–21 RFU Championship at the first attempt.

Due to changes to the global rugby calendar implemented in 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic causing a moratorium to be placed on relegation last season, the tournament features thirteen teams and will include an extra four rounds. The season would take place over 40 weeks.
Malanquilla
Malanquilla is a municipality in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 132 inhabitants.

The town is located at the western end of the Sierra de la Virgen, between this range and the Moncayo Massif.

Sierra de la Virgen
Sierra de la Virgen is a mountain range in the Aranda and Comunidad de Calatayud comarcas, Aragon, Spain. It is located south of the Moncayo Massif between the valleys of the Jalón and the Aranda rivers, rising north of the N-234 road, roughly between Calatayud and Torrelapaja.
Vladimir Ivić
Vladimir "Vladan" Ivić (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Ивић; born 7 May 1977) is a Serbian football manager and former player, who is the head coach of UAE Pro League club Al-Ain.

A former Serbia and Montenegro international, Ivić is best remembered for his time with Partizan and PAOK at club level.

After hanging up his boots, Ivić won back-to-back championship titles as Maccabi Tel Aviv manager in 2019 and 2020.

UAE Pro League
The UAE Pro League (Arabic: دوري المحترفين الإماراتي), also known as the ADNOC Pro League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the highest level of the Emirati football league system.

The first team to win the title was Al Orouba (Sharjah), whilst Al Ain has the record with 14 league titles to their name. Fourteen clubs compete in the league that operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the First Division League.

The League was founded in 1973 as the UAE Football League. The first 1973–74 season was a "trial" championship but was declared official by the UAE FA in 2001. In February 2007, the Pro League Committee was formed, and became the organising body of the league.
Where Did You Get That Girl?
Where Did You Get That Girl? is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Arthur Lubin and starring Leon Errol,  Helen Parrish and  Charles Lang. The title comes from the popular song of the same name, which dates to 1913 and was written by Bert Kalmar and Harry Puck. The song figures prominently in the film. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. The plot of the film is about the misadventures of a swing band trying to break into the big time. Helen Parrish plays the band's vocalist.

Swing music
Swing music is a style of jazz that developed in the United States during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It became nationally popular from the mid-1930s. Swing represents the most famous era of jazz as a genre of entertainment, before the emergence of modern jazz. Swing bands usually featured soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement. The danceable swing style of big bands and bandleaders such as Fletcher Henderson and Benny Goodman was the dominant form of American popular music from 1935 to 1946, known as the swing era, when people were dancing the Lindy Hop. The verb "to swing" is also used as a term of praise for playing that has a strong groove or drive. Big band leaders of the swing era include Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Jimmie Lunceford, Cab Calloway, Benny Carter, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Earl Hines, Bunny Berigan, Harry James, Lionel Hampton, Glenn Miller, and Artie Shaw.
Bryan Nesbitt
Bryan Edward Nesbitt (b. January 24, 1969, in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American automobile designer who has served as Senior Vice President of Global Design for General Motors Corporation since July 1, 2025.

Previously Nesbitt had held the position of GM's North American Exterior Design and Global Architecture Strategy and had been a designer with Chrysler. Several of his more prominent styling contributions have been to the Chrysler PT Cruiser, the similarly retro Chevrolet HHR, the seventh generation Chevrolet Malibu, and the 1997 Chrysler CCV, which had been conceived as a Chinese people's car with bodywork constructed of recycled plastic bottles.

Retro style
Retro style is imitative or consciously derivative of lifestyles, trends, or art forms from the past, including in music, modes, fashions, or attitudes. It has been argued that there is a nostalgia cycle in popular culture.
Anthony Douglas
Anthony Douglas (born 1985, in Nottingham) is a British former short track speed skater who competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Douglas was a member of the British team that finished sixth in the 5000 meter relay.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
Bordesley railway station
Bordesley railway station is a small railway station serving the area of Bordesley in Birmingham, England located between Birmingham Moor Street and Small Heath stations. The current minimal level of service at the station is provided by West Midlands Trains services between Whitlocks End and Kidderminster via Birmingham Snow Hill. The station is the least used in the West Midlands county with only 9,088 passengers using it annually.

The station opened in 1855, was resited in 1915, and downgraded in the 1960s.

The surviving single island platform is above street level, as the railway line here is on a viaduct, and lies south of Coventry Road. The only public access is from Coventry Road, directly underneath the railway bridge.

Viaduct
A viaduct is a bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via meaning "road", and ducere meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an analogy with ancient Roman aqueducts. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length.
Ben Bolt-Palito Blanco Independent School District
The Ben Bolt-Palito Blanco Independent School District is located in Jim Wells County in South Texas off U.S. Route 281. The district contains three schools, two of which are located in Ben Bolt (high school, middle school), and an elementary in Palito Blanco.

The majority of Ben Bolt is in the district.

South Texas
South Texas is a geographic and cultural region of the U.S. state of Texas that lies roughly south of—and includes—San Antonio. It is bordered by the Rio Grande,to the south and west, and by the Gulf of Mexico to the east. The population of this region is more than 5 million according to the 2024 census estimates. The southern portion of this region is often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley. The eastern portion along the Gulf of Mexico is also referred to as the Coastal Bend.

Greater Houston and Beaumont–Port Arthur are occasionally tied to the region because they are on the southern end of the state and for businesses that use "South Texas" in its name. (i.e. South Texas School of Law, South Texas State Fair, etc.). However, the two are more commonly associated with East Texas or Southeast Texas.
Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco
The Treaty between France and Spain regarding Morocco was signed on 27 November 1912 by French and Spanish heads of state, establishing de jure a Spanish Zone of influence in northern and southern Morocco, both zones being de facto under Spanish control, while France was still regarded as the protecting power as it was the sole occupying power to sign the Treaty of Fes.

The northern part was to become the zone of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco with its capital in Tetuan, while the southern part was ruled from El Aiun as a buffer zone between the Spanish Colony of Rio de Oro and French Morocco.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Still Waters (1915 film)
Still Waters is a 1915 American silent comedy-drama film starring Marguerite Clark and directed by J. Searle Dawley. It was produced by Adolph Zukor's Famous Players Film Company. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and is now lost.

Marguerite Clark
Helen Marguerite Clark (February 22, 1883 – September 25, 1940) was an American stage and silent film actress. As a movie actress, at one time Clark was second only to Mary Pickford in popularity.
With a few exceptions and some fragments, most of Clark's films are considered lost.
James Stewart Perry
Jim Perry is an American sculptor. He received a BA in sculpture from Bard College. He began his sculpture career in the early 1970s in New York City where he exhibited extensively and, in 1975, was included in the Whitney Biennial.

Whitney Biennial
The Whitney Biennial is a biennial exhibition of contemporary American art organized by the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. The event began as an annual exhibition in 1932; the first biennial was held in 1973. It is considered the longest-running and most important survey of contemporary art in the United States. The Biennial helped bring artists including Georgia O'Keeffe, Jackson Pollock, and Jeff Koons, among others to prominence.
If I Hadn't Got You
"If I Hadn't Got You" is a song recorded by Chris Braide for his 1997 album, Life in a Minor Key. It was covered in 2004 by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her album, The Moment. The song was written by Chris Braide and Chris Difford. Stansfield's version was produced by Trevor Horn and released as a commercial single in June 2005. An accompanying music video, directed by Steve Kemsley in 2004, was also released and included on the enhanced CD of The Moment in 2005.

Enhanced CD
Enhanced CD is a certification mark of the Recording Industry Association of America for various technologies that combine audio and computer data for use in both CD-Audio and CD-ROM players.

Formats that fall under the enhanced CD category include mixed mode CD (Yellow Book CD-ROM/Red Book CD-DA), CD-i, CD-i Ready, and CD-Extra/CD-Plus (Blue Book, also called simply Enhanced Music CD or E-CD).
Gröbner fan
In computer algebra, the Gröbner fan of an ideal in the ring of polynomials is a concept in the theory of Gröbner bases. It is defined to be a fan consisting of cones that correspond to different monomial orders on that ideal. The concept was introduced by Mora and Robbiano in 1988. 
The result is a weaker version of the result presented in the same issue of the journal by Bayer and Morrison. Gröbner fan is a base for the nowadays active field of tropical geometry.
One implementation of the Gröbner fan is called Gfan, based on an article of Fukuda, et al. which is included in some computer algebra systems such as Singular, Macaulay2, and CoCoA.

Singular (software)
Singular (typeset Singular) is a computer algebra system for polynomial computations with special emphasis on the needs of commutative and non-commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, and singularity theory. Singular has been released under the terms of GNU General Public License. Problems in non-commutative algebra can be tackled with the Singular offspring Plural. Singular is developed under the direction of Wolfram Decker, Gert-Martin Greuel, Gerhard Pfister, and Hans Schönemann, who head Singular's core development team within the Department of Mathematics of the Technische Universität Kaiserslautern.
In the DFG Priority Program 1489, interfaces to GAP, Polymake and Gfan are being developed in order to cover recently established areas of mathematics involving convex and algebraic geometry, such as toric and tropical geometry.
Classic Christmas (George Strait album)
Classic Christmas is an album of Christmas music recorded by country music artist George Strait. It was released by MCA Nashville on October 7, 2008. The album was previously released in 2006 under the title Fresh Cut Christmas and was available exclusively at Hallmark Gold Crown stores.

All songs in public domain.

Hallmark Cards
Hallmark Cards, Inc. is a privately held, family-owned American company based in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1910 by Joyce Hall, Hallmark is one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of greeting cards in the United States. In 1985, the company was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

In addition to greeting cards, Hallmark also manufactures such products as party goods, gift wrap, and stationery. Hallmark acquired Binney & Smith in 1984, and would later change its name to Crayola, LLC after its well-known Crayola brand of crayons, markers and colored pencils. The company is also involved in television, having produced the long-running Hallmark Hall of Fame series since 1951, and launching the Hallmark Channel 50 years later (replacing an earlier joint venture with The Jim Henson Company, Odyssey Network).