hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Farashgard
Farashgard (Persian: فَرَشگَرد) also known as Iran Revival, is an Iranian political action network. This organization was founded in September 2018, ten months after the beginning of the 2017–2018 Iranian protests. The organization was founded by 40 Iranian activists across the United States, Canada, Europe, and Iran.

Farashgard advocates for a secular democracy in Iran either through a Republic or a Constitutional monarchy, but states that the exact form of a future political system will be determined by the people of Iran after the overthrow of the Islamic Republic.

The group's slogan is: "We Will Reclaim Iran and Rebuild It". Its original name Farashgard was metaphorically named after the Middle Persian concept Frashokereti.

Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg  (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐‎, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, the official language of Iran (also known as Persia), Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).
Methodius Dkhar
Methodius Dkhar (born 1976) is an Indian politician from Meghalaya. He is a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from Mawshynrut Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in West Khasi Hills district. He won the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election representing the Hill State People's Democratic Party.

2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Meghalaya on 27 February 2023 to elect all 60 members of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 2 March 2023. The ruling NPP emerged as the single largest party and won 26 seats. It formed a government under the MDA.
Kastner
Kastner is a German language surname, originating from the medieval occupation Kastner ("bursary officer"). Notable people with the surname include:

Bruno Kastner (1890–1932), German actor

Daniel Kastner (born 1981), Austrian footballer

Daniel L. Kastner (fl. 2020), American researcher and physician

Elliott Kastner (1930–2010), American film producer

Hermann Kastner (1886–1957), German politician

Jean-Georges Kastner  (1810–1867), French composer and musicologist

John Kastner (born 1969), Canadian musician and composer

Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783–1857), chemist, natural scientist

Kas Kastner, racing driver, racing car builder, racing team manager

Marc A. Kastner (born 1945), American physicist

Peter Kastner (1943 – 2008), Canadian born actor

Rudolf Kastner (1906–1957), Jewish-Hungarian lawyer, head of the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee during the Holocaust
Kastner train, after Rudolf Kastner

Sabine Kastner (* 1964), German-born American cognitive neuroscientist

Marc A. Kastner
Marc A. Kastner (born November 20, 1945) is an American physicist and Donner Professor of Science and the former dean of the School of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Currently he is president of the Science Philanthropy Alliance.
II Marine Expeditionary Force
The II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF) is a Marine Air-Ground Task Force consisting of ground, air and logistics forces capable of projecting offensive combat power ashore while sustaining itself in combat without external assistance for a period of 60 days. The II Marine Expeditionary Force is commanded by a lieutenant general, who serves under U.S. Marine Corps Forces Command, providing Marine fighting formations and units to European Command, Central Command and Southern Command.

United States European Command
The United States European Command (EUCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Its area of focus covers 21,000,000 square miles (54,000,000 km2) and 51 countries and territories, including Europe, the Caucasus, and Russia. The Commander of the United States EUCOM simultaneously serves as the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) within NATO, a military alliance. During the Gulf War and Operation Northern Watch, EUCOM controlled the forces flying from Incirlik Air Base.
Battle of Loděnice (1179)
The Battle of Loděnice was a conflict that took place in 23 January 1179 near the village Loděnice. It was a clash between two Bohemian princes over the succession of the duchy. Soběslav II defeated Bedřich, who was forced to flee.

Despite Soběslav's significant victory, he was eventually routed by Bedřich and Czech prince, Konrád II Ota, who overthrew Soběslav, at the end of the war. Therefore, Bedřich took the throne, however his reign caused many problems.

Loděnice (Beroun District)
Loděnice is a municipality and village in Beroun District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,000 inhabitants. The municipality is home to GZ Media, the world's largest vinyl records manufacturer.
Malwila Ruins
The Malwila Raja Maha Vihara is an ancient monastery situated at Saliya Pura, Wanatawilluwa in the Puttalam District of north western Sri Lanka. It is located two miles from the turnoff to the right at Karadipuwa, which could be reached after travelling nine miles on the Puttalam–Mannar Road.

According to folklore prevalent in the area, the monastery had been built by Prince Saliya, son of King Dutugemunu the Great. This sacred site has ruins of a Dagoba, three buildings with stone pillars, a structure that could be identified as a Bodhighara, a stone Buddha statue, moonstones signifying the entrances to buildings and a flight of steps with a balustrade.

The ruins of the Dagoba could be climbed and on top of it a rare octagonal pillar could be seen. The ruins have been victims of treasure hunters. Presently it is guarded by the Civil Defence Force.

Dutugamunu the Great
Dutugamunu (Sinhala: දුටුගැමුණු, lit. 'Duṭugæmuṇu', [duʈugæmuɳu]), also known as Duṭṭhagāmaṇī Abhaya, was a king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom who reigned from 161 BC to 137 BC. He is renowned for first uniting the whole island of Sri Lanka by defeating and overthrowing Elara the Pious, a Tamil king from the Chola Kingdom, who had invaded the Anuradhapura kingdom in 205 BC. Dutugamunu also expanded and beautified the city of Anuradhapura and projected the power of the Rajarata kingdom across the island of Sri Lanka.

Due to his significance as one of the most potent symbols of Sinhalese historical power, Dutugamunu's story is swathed in myth and legend. However, many aspects of the accounts of his life have been verified by contemporary inscriptions, and the basic account of his life is generally accepted as accurate.
Paku Alam V
Paku Alam V, 5th Duke of Pakualaman between 1878 and 1900.
Pakualaman (also written Paku Alaman) became a small hereditary Duchy within the Yogyakarta Sultanate, as a mirror-image of Mangkunegaran in the territory of the Surakarta Sunanate.

The son of Paku Alam IV, Paku Alam V was the instigator of and buried at the graveyard in Girigondo.

Surakarta Sunanate
Surakarta Sunanate (Javanese: ꦟꦒꦫꦶꦑꦱꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦁꦫꦠ꧀, romanized: Nagari Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat; Indonesian: Kesunanan Surakarta) is a Javanese monarchy centred in the city of Surakarta, in the province of Central Java, Indonesia.

The Surakarta Kraton was established in 1745 by Pakubuwono II. Surakarta Sunanate and Yogyakarta Sultanate are together the successors of Mataram Sultanate. Unlike their counterparts in Yogyakarta, who use the title of sultan, the rulers of Surakarta use the title of sunan. The Dutch name was used during Dutch colonial rule until 1942. Notable Susuhunan that ruled this Sultanate are Pakubuwana VI, Pakubuwana X, and Pakubuwana XII. All of them are National Heroes of Indonesia.
Francis Barlow (artist)
Francis Barlow (c. 1626 – 1704) was an English painter, etcher, and illustrator.

He ranks among the most prolific book-illustrators and printmakers of the 17th century, working across several genres: natural history, hunting and recreation, politics, and decoration and design.

Barlow is known as "the father of British sporting painting"; he was Britain's first wildlife painter, beginning a tradition that reached a high-point a century later, in the work of George Stubbs. He was furthermore a pioneer in the history of comics by creating A True Narrative of the Horrid Hellish Popish Plot (c. 1682), a picture story about the life of Titus Oates and the Popish Plot, which is told in a series of illustrated sequences where the story is written underneath them and the characters depicted on those images use speech balloons to talk. While it is not the first example of its kind in history, it is one of the oldest which is signed.

Speech balloon
Speech balloons (also speech bubbles, dialogue balloons, or word balloons) are a graphic convention used most commonly in comic books, comics, and cartoons to allow words (and much less often, pictures) to be understood as representing a character's speech or thoughts. A formal distinction is often made between the balloon that indicates speech and the one that indicates thoughts; the balloon that conveys thoughts is often referred to as a thought bubble or conversation cloud.
Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar
The Hindu calendar is based on a geocentric model of the Solar System. A geocentric model describes the Solar System as seen by an observer on the surface of the Earth.

The Hindu calendar defines nine measures of time (Sanskrit: मान IAST:māna):

brāhma māna

divya māna

pitraya māna

prājāpatya māna

guror māna

saura māna

sāvana māna

candra māna

nākṣatra māna

Of these, only the last four are in active use and are explained here.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Quetelet (crater)
Quetelet is a lunar impact crater, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter, that lies in the Moon's northern hemisphere, on the far side from the Earth. It lies to the southeast of the crater Schlesinger, and to the east of Von Zeipel. To the east of Quetelet is Perrine.

As is the case with many of the craters on the Moon, this feature has become worn and eroded by subsequent impacts. A small crater with a flat floor intrudes into the southwestern rim of Quetelet. Several small craterlets lie along the northern rim and the inner wall. The inner wall of Quetelet is narrower in the west than elsewhere, so that the level, relatively featureless interior floor is offset in that direction. The worn remains of a small craterlet lies along the southern inner wall.

Prior to formal naming by the IAU in 1970, Quetelet was called Crater 89.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Annika Wells
Annika Marie Wells (born February 16, 1996) is an American singer-songwriter from Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California. After relocating to Los Angeles, Wells established herself as a prolific songwriter, collaborating with artists including BTS, the Jonas Brothers, Steve Aoki, PRETTYMUCH, ILLENIUM, Grey, Shawn Wasabi, Benjamin Ingrosso, The Chainsmokers, Hailee Steinfeld, Whethan, Emily Warren, Social House, Lennon Stella, Kennedi, Sabrina Carpenter, Tove Styrke, and Matoma, as well as songwriters Freddy Wexler and Jason Evigan. She has maintained ongoing creative partnerships with Maggie Lindemann and AJ Mitchell.

Grey (duo)
Grey is an American electronic music duo consisting of brothers Kyle and Michael Trewartha. They are best known for their debut 2016 single "Starving", with American singer Hailee Steinfeld and production work by Zedd, and "The Middle", a 2018 single featured with Zedd and Maren Morris. They primarily produce music of the future bass genre.
Mount Noyes (Washington)
Mount Noyes is a 6,173-foot (1,882 m) mountain summit located deep within Olympic National Park in Jefferson County of Washington state. Part of the Olympic Mountains, Mount Noyes is situated seven miles southeast of Mount Olympus, and set within the Daniel J. Evans Wilderness. The nearest higher neighbor is Mount Meany, 0.6 miles (0.97 km) to the north, and Mount Seattle rises one mile to the southeast. Noyes is a major triple divide point with precipitation runoff from the mountain draining east into the headwaters of the Elwha River, west into headwaters of Saghalie Creek which is a tributary of the Queets River, and south into headwaters of Seattle Creek which is a tributary of the Quinault River. Topographic relief is significant as the east, west, and south aspects of the peak each rise 2,200 feet (670 m) in approximately one mile.

Jefferson County, Washington
Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,977. The county seat and only incorporated city is Port Townsend. The county is named for Thomas Jefferson.

Jefferson County was formed out of Thurston County on December 22, 1852, by the legislature of Oregon Territory, and included the northern 4,854-square-mile (12,571.8 km2) portion of the Olympic Peninsula. On April 26, 1854, the legislature of Washington Territory created Clallam County from the northwestern 2,670-square-mile (6,915.3 km2) portion of this original area.

The Hood Canal Bridge connects Jefferson County to Kitsap County, Washington. The Coupeville-Port Townsend route of the Washington State Ferries connects the county to Whidbey Island in Island County, Washington.
Sparx* Studios
Sparx* Studios (stylized as SPARX*) is a French-Vietnamese visual effects, 3D art, game and animation studio. Originally founded as Sparx Animation Studios in 1995, it initially worked primarily on animated feature films. In 2011, Virtuos purchased the company and reopened in Ho Chi Minh City the same year. The current incarnation of the company primarily works on animation for video games as well as VFX work for feature films.

Virtuos
Virtuos Ltd is a Singaporean video game development company headquartered in Fusionopolis, Singapore, with studios across Asia, Europe, and North America. Virtuos specializes in game development and art production for AAA consoles, PC, and mobile titles. Virtuos does not develop its own original games; instead, it works as an external developer for other companies.
Chloe-Beth Morgan
Chloe-Beth Morgan (born 1986) is a Welsh model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Wales 2008 contest and competed in the Miss World 2008 competition held in South Africa, later that year.

Morgan scored the highest among the British delegates in Miss World 2008 and was chosen to represent the United Kingdom in Miss International 2009, where she placed third. She has a national diploma with a distinction in musical theatre, and qualified as a fitness instructor. she also won Miss Universe Great Britain 2011 and she represented Great Britain at the Miss Universe 2011 pageant in Brazil.

Miss World 2008
Miss World 2008 was the 58th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa, on 13 December 2008.

Zhang Zilin of China crowned Ksenia Sukhinova of Russia as her successor at the end of the event. This is the second time Russia has won the title.
Mount Elbrus
Mount Elbrus is the highest mountain in Russia and Europe. It is a dormant stratovolcano rising 5,642 m (18,510 ft) above sea level, and is the highest volcano in Eurasia, as well as the tenth-most prominent peak in the world. It is situated in the southern Russian republic of Kabardino-Balkaria in the western extension of Ciscaucasia, and is the highest peak of the Caucasus Mountains.

Elbrus has two summits, both of which are dormant volcanic domes. The taller, western summit is 5,642 metres (18,510 ft); the eastern summit is 5,621 metres (18,442 ft). The earliest recorded ascent of the eastern summit was on 10 July 1829 by a Circassian man named Khillar Khashirov, and the western summit in 1874 by a British expedition led by F. Crauford Grove and including Frederick Gardiner, Horace Walker and the Swiss guide Peter Knubel.

Aerial tramway
An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway or ropeway is a type of aerial lift that uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third moving cable providing propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion cable and cannot be decoupled from it during operation. Aerial tramways usually provide lower line capacities and longer wait times than gondola lifts.
Advanced Cell Therapeutics
Advanced Cell Therapeutics (formerly known as BioMark International) was a company that marketed fraudulent medical treatments in the form of stem cell therapy, starting in 2002.  It was originally located in Atlanta, and offered its services in the US and Europe, and was founded and run by Stephen van Rooyen and Laura Brown. After the US Food and Drug Administration closed the company down, van Rooyen and Brown fled to South Africa and started operating the business under the name Advanced Cell Therapeutics.

Quackery
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.
Waterfoot, County Antrim
Waterfoot or Glenariff (from Irish  Gleann Airimh 'glen of arable land') is a small coastal village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is at the foot of Glenariff, one of the Glens of Antrim, within the historic barony of Glenarm Lower and the civil parishes of Ardclinis and Layd. The village is in the townland of Warren, 16 miles (26 km) north-east of Ballymena. The 2001 census recorded a population of 504 inhabitants.

The village appeared in the news in November 2010 when Peter Wilson, one of the "disappeared" of the Troubles, was found buried on its beach on 2 November 2010.

Ballymena
Ballymena (/ˌbæliˈmiːnə/ BAL-ee-MEE-nə; from Irish: an Baile Meánach [ənˠ ˌbˠalʲə ˈmʲaːn̪ˠəx]ⓘ, meaning 'the middle townland') is a town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 31,205 people at the 2021 United Kingdom census, making it the seventh largest town in Northern Ireland by population. It is part of the Borough of Mid and East Antrim.

The town was built on the Braid River, on land given to the Adair family by King Charles I in 1626, with a right to hold two annual fairs and a Saturday market in perpetuity. Surrounding villages are Cullybackey, Ahoghill, Broughshane, and Kells-Connor.
Pro Basketball League Rising Star
The Pro Basketball League (PBL) Rising Star is an annual Pro Basketball League (PBL) award given to the best young player in the top tier domestic basketball league in Belgium. Formerly, the award was named the PBL Most Promising Player of the Year. Maxime De Zeeuw was the inaugural winner in 2009.

Maxime De Zeeuw
Maxime De Zeeuw (born 26 April 1987) is a Belgian professional basketball player who last played for Limburg United of the BNXT League. De Zeeuw usually plays at the power forward position. He has also been a member of the Belgian national basketball team, whom he played with at the European championships of 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017.
Sunghori concentration camp
The Sŭnghori concentration camp was a labor camp for political prisoners which was located in North Hwanghae Province, North Korea, about 70 kilometers from Pyongyang.

Little is known about it as its inmates were considered 'irredeemables' and never released. Sunghori is described by North Korean refugees and defectors as one of North Korea's most feared labor camps, where approximately 21,000 inmates live and work in terrible conditions. Kang Chol-hwan described it as a "camp of no return." Prisoners, including Kang's grandfather, who were sent there, would almost never be released. Kang did meet one prisoner who was transferred to his own camp, who described Sŭnghori prisoners being worked as coal miners. According to Kang, the camp was closed after a report by Amnesty International.

Kang Chol-hwan
Kang Chol-hwan (Korean: 강철환; pronounced [ka̠ŋ tɕʰʌ̹l.βʷa̠n]; born 18 September 1968) is a North Korean defector, author, and the founder and president of the North Korea Strategy Center.

As a child, he was imprisoned in the Yodok concentration camp for 10 years. After his release he fled the country, first to China and eventually to South Korea. He is the author, with Pierre Rigoulot, of The Aquariums of Pyongyang and worked as a staff writer specialized in North Korean affairs for The Chosun Ilbo.
Pandit Lal Das
Pandit Lal Das was a Maithili poet, writer and composer known by the sobriquet Mahakavi ( means a great poet ) during 19th century CE in the Mithila region of Bihar. He was a scholar of Maithili, Sanskrit, Hindi and Persian languages.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.