hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Imara pallasia
Imara pallasia is a moth in the Castniidae family. It is found in south-eastern Brazil. It is found along cloud forests.

Adults have been observed hill-topping with several Morpho and Nymphalidae species. It is thought to be a mimic of Parides ascanius.

Parides ascanius
Parides ascanius, the Fluminense swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to Brazil where it is confined to the municipalities of Atafona (São João da Barra) and Itaguaí.It is found in subcoastal swamps and thickets ('restinga'). It is a said to be a primitive species, lacking vigour and facing competition from the sympatric Parides zacynthus and Parides anchises nephalion, the two most advanced members of the genus, both strong and aggressive species.
Most of its habitat is threatened and the localities in which it occurs  are scattered. A strikingly beautiful butterfly it is on the Brazilian list of animals threatened with extinction, the first insect so designated.
Snopes trilogy
The Snopes trilogy is a series of three novels written by William Faulkner regarding the Snopes family in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi. It consists of The Hamlet, The Town, and The Mansion. It was begun in 1940 and completed in 1959.

The Mansion (novel)
The Mansion is a novel by the American author William Faulkner, published in 1959. It is the last in a trilogy of books about the fictional Snopes family of Mississippi, following The Hamlet and The Town.

The Mansion completes Faulkner’s trilogy of novels about the fictional Snopes family in the fictional county of Yoknapatawpha, Mississippi. The trilogy also includes The Hamlet and The Town. Beginning with the murder of Jack Houston, and ending with the murder of Flem Snopes, it traces the downfall of this post-bellum family, who managed to seize control of the town of Jefferson within a generation.

The novel charts the downfall of Flem Snopes at the hands of his relative Mink Snopes, in part aided by Flem's deaf Spanish-Civil-War-veteran daughter, Linda Snopes.  It falls into three parts:  'Mink', 'Linda', and 'Flem'.  Three narrators tell the story: Gavin Stevens, V.K. Ratliff, and Charles (Chick) Mallison.
1814 Kentucky's 2nd congressional district special election
A special election was held in Kentucky's 2nd congressional district in 1814 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Henry Clay (DR) on January 19, 1814, to accept a diplomatic position to the United Kingdom.

Kentucky's 2nd congressional district
Kentucky's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located in west central Kentucky, the district includes Bowling Green, Owensboro, Elizabethtown, and a portion of eastern Louisville. The district has not seen an incumbent defeated since 1884.

The district is currently represented by Republican Brett Guthrie.

Former Representative Democrat William Natcher is noted for holding the record for most consecutive roll call votes in the history of Congress—more than 18,000 votes.
Capital punishment in Vietnam
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Vietnam for a variety of crimes.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative gives Vietnam a score of 5 out of 10 on the right to freedom from the death penalty, based on responses from human rights experts in the country as of 2024. These experts have also identified that certain groups, such as migrants or immigrants, people with low social or economic status, and refugees or asylum seekers are particularly at risk of having their right to freedom from the death penalty violated. In 2021, these experts additionally identified "politicians or government employees, particularly those who are convicted on corruption charges" and "detainees or prisoners, especially those from low socioeconomic backgrounds and who have low education levels", as being especially vulnerable to death penalty executions.

Human Rights Measurement Initiative
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) is a non-profit organisation primarily housed in Wellington, New Zealand. It was established in 2016 by Anne-Marie Brook, K. Chad Clay, and Susan Randolph, experts in human rights and economics, who noticed a gap in easily accessible and understandable human rights data. HRMI produces a free database of metrics, summarizing human rights performance in countries around the world. They believe that with a good set of measures, it will be easier to improve human rights around the world.
Jammes
Jammes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Jammes (1927–2026), French bookseller and photography historian

Francis Jammes (1868–1938), French poet

Jean-Vital Jammes (1825–1893), French opera singer

Robert Jammes (1927–2020), French linguist

Francis Jammes
Francis Jammes (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃sis ʒam]; 2 December 1868 – 1 November 1938) was a French poet. He spent most of his life in his native region of Béarn and the Basque Country and his poems are known for their lyricism and for singing the pleasures of a humble country life (donkeys, maidens). His later poetry remained lyrical, but also included a strong religious element brought on by his reversion to Catholicism in 1905.
Breaking Bad season 3
The third season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad premiered on March 21, 2010, and concluded on June 13, 2010. It consisted of 13 episodes, each running about 47 minutes. AMC broadcast the third season on Sundays at 10:00 pm in the United States. The complete third season was released on Region 1 DVD and Region A Blu-ray on June 7, 2011.

Season 3 saw actors Bob Odenkirk, Giancarlo Esposito and Jonathan Banks, who play Saul, Gus and Mike respectively, upgraded to main cast status after guest starring the previous season, although they are not credited for every episode until season 4.

Anna Gunn
Anna Kathryn Gunn (born August 11, 1968) is an American actress. She is known for portraying Skyler White on the AMC crime drama series Breaking Bad (2008–2013), for which she won two Primetime Emmy Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award.

Gunn has starred in the legal drama series The Practice (1997–2002), the Western series Deadwood (2004–2006) as Martha Bullock, and the crime drama series Gracepoint (2014). Her film roles include the action thriller Enemy of the State (1998), the independent thriller Red State (2011), the docudrama Little Red Wagon (2012), the financial thriller Equity (2016), the biographical drama Sully (2016), the comedy drama Being Frank (2018), and the Deadwood sequel film Deadwood: The Movie (2019). She also voiced Ariel in the Legacy of Kain video game series (1996–2003).
Wan Kwong
Jackson Wan Kwong (Chinese: 尹光), born Lữ Minh Quang (Chinese: 呂明光), is a Vietnamese-born Hong Kong singer, nicknamed "the Temple Street Prince."

Wan was born in Cholon, Saigon in 1949 to a Cantonese Vietnamese family and was trained as a Cantonese opera singer. Wan left South Vietnam for British Hong Kong with his family as the Vietnam War heated up. From the 1960s to the 1980s, he switched to pop songs, whose lyrics, often in vulgar language, reflected the lives of the Hong Kong working class. Around the 1990s, he collaborated with other senior singers in Hong Kong, singing in pubs and on TV shows. He released an album called Ignoring Father (少理阿爸) in 2002 and still holds concerts occasionally.

Cantonese opera
Cantonese opera is one of the major categories in Chinese opera, originating in southern China's Guangdong Province. It is popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau and among Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. Like all versions of Chinese opera, it is a traditional Chinese art form, involving music, singing, martial arts, acrobatics, and acting.
Podospora anserina
Podospora anserina is a filamentous ascomycete fungus from the order Sordariales. It is considered a model organism for the study of molecular biology of senescence (aging), prions, sexual reproduction, and meiotic drive. It has an obligate sexual and pseudohomothallic life cycle. It is a non-pathogenic coprophilous fungus that colonizes the dung of herbivorous animals such as horses, rabbits, cows and sheep.

Autogamy
Autogamy or self-fertilization refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual. Autogamy is predominantly observed in the form of self-pollination, a reproductive mechanism employed by many flowering plants. However, species of protists have also been observed using autogamy as a means of reproduction. Flowering plants engage in autogamy regularly, while the protists that engage in autogamy only do so in stressful environments.
Sidimund
Sidimund was a 5th-century Ostrogothic warrior. Under the Ostrogothic king Valamir, Sidimund had been plundering Epirus. He was a member of the Amali dynasty and a close relative of Aidoingus, the comes domesticorum. Sidimund later served in the Eastern Roman army with great distinction, and acquired extensive land holdings in the area near Durazzo. He was considered a friend of the Romans and was held in great esteem. In 479, Sidimund helped his relative Theodoric the Great settle in Epirus, despite the opposition of another fellow Goth, Gento.

Domesticus (Roman Empire)
The origins of the word domesticus can be traced to the late 3rd century of the Late Roman army. They often held high ranks in various fields, whether it was the servants of a noble house on the civilian side, or a high-ranking military position. After serving under the emperor for a certain duration, the Domestici would be able to become leaders themselves and potentially command their own regiment of legionaries in the military. Relatively, the most important offices were the “Comes Domesticorum” also known as, “Commander of the Protectores Domestici,” and “Comes rei Militaris” or General.
President of the Parliament of Montenegro
The president of the Parliament of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Предсједник Скупштине Црне Горе, romanized: Predsjednik Skupštine Crne Gore) is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Montenegro. The president's term lasts four years, and is elected by members of each new assembly.

The president of the Parliament serves as the acting president of Montenegro if the elected president vacates the office before the expiration of its five-year term due to death, resignation or removal.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Lighting Design
The Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Lighting Design is an honor presented at the Outer Critics Circle Awards, a ceremony established in 1950 for excellence in Broadway and Off-Broadway productions, to lighting designers of any production. The category was added to the ceremony in 1988 as "Best Lighting Design" before being changed to "Outstanding Lighting Design" in 1999.

Paul Gallo holds the record for the most wins, with five from eight nominations. Four designers share the record for the most nominations, with nine each: Donald Holder, Natasha Katz, Brian MacDevitt and Kenneth Posner.

Nigel Levings
Nigel Levings is an Australian stage lighting designer. He has twice won the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design, for the 1996 Broadway revival of The King and I and for the 2003 Broadway restaging of La bohème.
WWWOFFLE
Free and open-source software portal

WWWOFFLE is a proxy server and web caching software, allowing dial-up or broadband users to cache data for offline use. It can handle HTTP, FTP, and finger protocol, and operates on IPv4 and IPv6. Version builds are Unix-based: ports are available for Linux, and Win32 support is provided via Cygwin.

Windows API
The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is the foundational application programming interface (API) that allows a computer program to access the features of the Microsoft Windows operating system in which the program is running. Programs typically access this API using system libraries, which are shared libraries.

Each major version of the Windows API has a distinct name that identifies a compatibility aspect of that version. For example, Win32 is the major version of Windows API that runs on 32-bit systems. The name, Windows API, collectively refers to all versions of this capability of Windows.

Microsoft provides developer support via a software development kit, Microsoft Windows SDK, which includes documentation and tools for building software based on the Windows API.
Flavoparmelia baltimorensis
Flavoparmelia baltimorensis, the rock greenshield lichen (from Lichens of North America), is a medium to large foliose lichen with a yellow green upper thallus surface when dry; its lobes are rounded without pseudocyphellae; and the upper surface is covered with globose, pustule-like growths resembling isidia. The lower surface is black with a narrow brown zone at the margins.

Pseudocyphella
Pseudocyphellae (singular pseudocyphella) are structures in lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface (the cortex) of the lichen.  They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen, and the medullary hyphae extend to the surface.  Pseudocyphellae are the same colour as the medulla of the lichen, which is generally white, but can be yellow in some species of Pseudocyphellaria and in Bryoria fremontii.  The presence/absence, abundance, colour, and shape of pseudocyphellae can all be diagnostic features used to identify different species. They facilitate gas exchange through the surface of the lichen, and may provide an adaptive advantage in temperate environments.
Peace Circle
Peace Circle is a traffic circle in Washington, D.C., located at the intersection of Pennsylvania Avenue and First Street NW. At its center is the Peace Monument, also known as the Naval Memorial. It is a monument to the naval deaths during the American Civil War. The monument is topped by the allegorical sculptures of Grief and History. On the southeast side facing the United States Capitol there is a figure of Peace, and on the northwest side, there are figures of Victory and the babies Mars and Neptune. The monument is located on Capitol grounds adjacent to the Capitol Reflection Pool. The monument was sculpted by Franklin Simmons and completed in 1878. The monument was restored in the 1990s. The January 6 Capitol attack in 2021 physically started at the circle.

Victoria (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion Victoria was the deified personification of victory. She first appeared during the first Punic War, seemingly as a Romanised re-naming of Nike, the goddess of victory associated with Rome's Greek allies in the Greek mainland and in Magna Graecia. Thereafter she comes to symbolise Rome's eventual hegemony and right to rule. She is a deified abstraction, entitled to a cult. But unlike Nike, she has virtually no mythology of her own.
Mugen MF308
The Mugen MF308 is a naturally aspirated, petrol-powered, 3.0 L (180 cu in), V8 racing engine, designed, developed, and built by Mugen Motorsports, for Formula 3000 racing categories, between 1988 and 2005. It produced between 490–500 hp (370–370 kW) over its lifetime. It famously powered Jean Alesi to the 1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, with Eddie Jordan Racing.

Jordan Grand Prix
Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005. The team was named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan (1948–2025) and was based at Silverstone, England, but raced with an Irish licence.

In early 2005, the team was sold to Midland Group, who competed for one final season as 'Jordan', before renaming the team as Midland F1 Racing for the 2006 season. Later that same year, it was sold to Dutch car manufacturer, Spyker, to become Spyker F1 for the 2007 season, and then sold again to become Force India in 2008. In 2018, as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team, and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll, the team's FIA entry was not transferred, and the Jordan Grand Prix's original entry came to an end. As of 2025, the team competes as the Aston Martin Aramco F1 Team.
Spectral risk measure
A Spectral risk measure is a risk measure given as a weighted average of outcomes where bad outcomes are, typically, included with larger weights. A spectral risk measure is a function of portfolio returns and outputs the amount of the numeraire (typically a currency) to be kept in reserve.  A spectral risk measure is always a coherent risk measure, but the converse does not always hold.  An advantage of spectral measures is the way in which they can be related to risk aversion, and particularly to a utility function, through the weights given to the possible portfolio returns.

Weighted average
Weighted average is a single number or value that best represents a set of data, when each data point is assigned different "weights" or importance. 
The most common weighted average is the weighted arithmetic mean, which is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean except some data points contribute more than others. 
Other cases include the weighted geometric mean and weighted harmonic mean.
Jeff Broadbent
Jeff Broadbent is an American multimedia composer, musician, and music producer.  He has won several Hollywood Music in Media Awards and a G.A.N.G. Award for composing music for video games including PlanetSide 2, Resident Evil 3, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon, among others.   He composes music for film and television as well, such as Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit, X-Men: Days of Future Past, The Lazarus Effect, and others.

Call of Duty: Mobile
Call of Duty: Mobile is a 2019 shooter video game developed by TiMi Studio Group and published by Activision for Android and iOS. Released as a free-to-play title, it was one of the largest mobile game launches in history, generating over US$480 million with 270 million downloads within a year. Call of Duty: Mobile was published in other regions by Garena, Tencent Games, VNG Corporation and TiMi Studio Group.
Glencoe High School (Alabama)
Glencoe High School is a public high school, located in Glencoe, Alabama, United States serving approximately 339 students in grades nine through twelve. The school is part of the Etowah County Schools.

The school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.  Glencoe High School is recognized in the National Rankings and earned a silver medal by Newsweek's Best High Schools in American . Schools are ranked based on their performance on state-required tests and how well they prepare students for college.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Al Dorow
Albert Richard Dorow (November 15, 1929 – December 7, 2009) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL), American Football League (AFL), and Canadian Football League (CFL).  He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Spyke
Spyke (Evan Daniels) is a fictional character created by writer Robert N. Skir and artist Steven E. Gordon for the WB animated superhero series X-Men: Evolution, which is based on American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Voiced by Neil Denis, the character is a high school student with the mutant ability to project spikes out of his body. Originally, Spyke was intended to be called Armadillo and have cornrows. He was created as a way to diversify the series' X-Men roster and include an African-American character among the main cast. Spyke has similar powers to Marrow, a pre-existing character, though Boyd Kirkland stated that this was not intentional.

Mutant (Marvel Comics)
In American comic books published by Marvel Comics, a mutant is a human being that possesses a genetic trait called the X-gene. It causes the mutant to develop superhuman powers that manifest at puberty. Human mutants are sometimes referred to as a human subspecies Homo sapiens superior or simply Homo superior. Mutants are the evolutionary progeny of Homo sapiens, and are often referred to as the next stage in human evolution. The accuracy of this is the subject of much debate in the Marvel Universe.

Unlike Marvel's mutates, which are characters who develop their powers only after exposure to outside stimuli or energies (such as Spider-Man, Captain America, Fantastic Four, Hulk), mutants have innate genetic mutations from birth.
Golden Rock (archaeological site)
Golden Rock is the name of an archaeological site in the centre of the island of Sint Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean, named after a nearby former plantation. Golden Rock was the nickname of Sint Eustatius from its prominence as a major colonial trading port in the late 17th and early 18th century. The site contains the remains of a late Saladoid village, an African burial ground, and a village of enslaved Africans.

Dutch Caribbean
The Dutch Caribbean (historically known as the Dutch West Indies) are the New World territories, colonies, and countries (former and current) of the Dutch colonial empire and the Kingdom of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean Sea, mainly the northern and southwestern regions of the Lesser Antilles archipelago.

The Dutch Caribbean comprises the constituent countries of Curaçao, Aruba and Sint Maarten (the 'CAS' islands) and the special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (BES islands). The term "Dutch Caribbean" is sometimes also used for the Caribbean Netherlands, an entity consisting of the three special municipalities forming part of the constituent country of the Netherlands since 2010. The population of the Dutch Caribbean is 337,617 as of January 2019.