hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
English plurals
English plurals include the plural forms of English nouns and English determiners. This article discusses the variety of ways in which English plurals are formed from the corresponding singular forms, as well as various issues concerning the usage of singulars and plurals in English. For plurals of pronouns, see English personal pronouns.

Phonological transcriptions provided in this article are for Received Pronunciation and General American. For more information, see English phonology.

English phonology
English phonology is the system of sounds used in spoken English. Like many languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the dialects of English around the world have largely similar (but not identical) phonological systems. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex set of phonological features that distinguish fortis and lenis consonants (stops, affricates, and fricatives).

Phonological analysis of English often concentrates on prestige or standard accents, such as Received Pronunciation for England, General American for the United States, and General Australian for Australia. Nevertheless, many other dialects of spoken English have developed, different from these standard accents, particularly regional dialects. Descriptions of standard reference accents provide only a limited guide to the phonology of other dialects of English.
Robert T. Price
Robert T. Price (June 7, 1903 – July 24, 1982) was a justice of the Kansas Supreme Court from November 30, 1948, to May 1, 1966, and chief justice from May 1, 1966, to September 1, 1971. He filled the position of Justice of the Supreme Court No. 7 as the republican nominatee. He succeed Jay S. Parker who stepped down after 23 years as chief justice in May 1966. When he retired Perry L. Owsley, a Democrat was appointed to fill the court position with Harold R. Fatzer appointed as the new chief justice.

Price was born in Shawnee County, Kansas and was graduated from the University of Kansas. He served in the navy in World War II, and spent 6 months as a prosecutor in the Japanese war trials.

Kansas Supreme Court
The Kansas Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of seven justices, the court supervises the legal profession, administers the judicial branch, and serves as the state court of last resort in the appeals process.
USS Hebe
USS Hebe (SP-966) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918.

Hebe was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1912 by George Bishop at Patchogue on Long Island, New York. On 19 May 1917, the U.S. Navy leased her from her owner, Edwin Thome of New York City, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, as USS Hebe (SP-966) on 1 August 1917.

Assigned to the 3rd Naval District and based at Sayville, New York, Hebe patrolled the Great South Bay and Fire Island region of southern Long Island through the end of World War I.

Hebe was returned to Thome on 14 December 1918.

Great South Bay
The Great South Bay is a lagoon situated between Long Island and Fire Island, in the State of New York. It is about 45 miles (72 km) long and has an average depth of 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 m) and is 20 feet (6.1 m) at its deepest. It is protected from the Atlantic Ocean by Fire Island, a barrier island, as well as the eastern end of Jones Beach Island and Captree Island.

The Robert Moses Causeway adjoins the Great South Bay Bridge, which leads to Robert Moses State Park.

The bay is accessible from the ocean through Fire Island Inlet, which lies between the western tip of Fire Island and the eastern tip of Jones Beach Island. The bay adjoins South Oyster Bay on its western end, and Patchogue and Moriches bays at the east end.
Enrique
Enrique (Spanish pronunciation: [enˈrike]) is the Spanish variant of the given name Heinrich of Germanic origin.

Equivalents in other languages are Henry (English), Enric (Catalan), Enrico (Italian), Henrik (Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian), Heinrich (German), Hendrik, Henk (Dutch), Henri (French), and Henrique (Portuguese). Common nicknames of Enrique are Kiki, Kiko, Kike, Rick, Ricky, and Quique.

Enrique is also a surname. A variant surname is Enriquez (son of Enrique).

Notable people with the name include:

Hendrik (given name)
Hendrik is a given name of Dutch origin, and a cognate to the English Henry. The spelling Hendrick or Henderick was interchangeable until the 19th century. Birth names of people with this name can be Latinized to Henderickus, Hendricus, Hendrikus, or Henricus, while common nicknames for Hendrik are Han, Hein, Henk, Hen, Hennie, Henny, Henrie, Henry, Hendrie, Hendry, Rijk, Ric, Rick, Ricky, Rickie, and Rik. People with Hendrik, Henderick, or Hendrick as their first name include:
Holga
The Holga is a medium format 120 film camera, made in Hong Kong, known for its low-fidelity aesthetic.

The Holga's low-cost construction and simple meniscus lens often yields pictures that display vignetting, blur, light leaks and other distortions. The camera's limitations have brought it a cult following among some photographers, and Holga photos have won awards and competitions in art and news photography. As of July 2017, the camera was in production after being unavailable for two years.

Lo-fi photography
Lo-fi photography ("lo-fi" meaning low-fidelity, referring to "any process which fails to achieve the accuracy and 'transparency'") refers to unconventional photographic practices, chosen for aesthetics, which give an impression of low quality. Popular techniques include the use of toy cameras or pinhole cameras, for their distinctive stylistic effects. It can be considered a reaction to the perceived ease of creating technically perfect photos in the digital age. Some emphasize a return to film, while others use digital technology to accomplish the same effects. Low-fidelity photography has also been commonly linked with lo-fi music as well.
Pleuranthodium pedicellatum
Pleuranthodium pedicellatum is a monocotyledonous plant species first described by Theodoric Valeton, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Pleuranthodium pedicellatum is part of the genus Pleuranthodium and the family Zingiberaceae.

The species' range is in Papua New Guinea. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae, the ginger family, is a family of flowering plants containing 58 genera and about 1600 described species distributed globally in the tropics and subtropics. They are aromatic perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes, sometimes tuberous. Basal leaf sheathing forms a pseudostem taller than their true stems which emerge unbranched. Flowers are typically zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) and inflorescence is raceme. Fruit is typically a dry capsule and seeds are arillate.

Ancient fossils and phylogenetics indicate the Zingiberaceae evolved in Africa during the mid-Cretaceous period. The dispersal of these plants across Asia, the Americas, and Australia followed the expansion of tropical rain forest habitat soon after this period.
T. Liem
Tess Liem is a Canadian poet from Montreal, Quebec, who published their debut poetry collection Obits in 2018. The book was named one of the year's best Canadian poetry collections by CBC Arts, and won the Gerald Lampert Award from the League of Canadian Poets in 2019.

The book was also nominated for a Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Poetry at the 31st Lambda Literary Awards, and was longlisted for the Pat Lowther Award.

Liem's second collection, Slows: Twice, was published in 2023 by Coach House Books. Reviewing the collection for Montreal Review of Books, Salena Wiener called Slows: Twice "chock-full of versions, inversions, and revisions of the self." The collection as its central image the mirror, which is replicated formally by the second half of the collection being a mirror image of the first. Sylee Gore, for Poetry, praised the book's formal inventiveness as well as its "poised and raw" tone.

Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Poetry
The Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Poetry is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation to a lesbian-themed book of poetry by a female writer. At the first two Lambda Literary Awards in 1989 and 1990, a single award for LGBT Poetry, irrespective of gender, was presented. Beginning with the 3rd Lambda Literary Awards in 1991, the poetry award was split into two separate awards for Lesbian Poetry and Gay Poetry, which have been presented continuously since then except at the 20th Lambda Literary Awards in 2008, when a merged LGBTQ poetry award was again presented for that year only.
Sourashtra College, Madurai
Sourashtra College, Madurai, is a general degree college located in Pasumalai, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1967. The college is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Madurai district
Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist places in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns of the district include Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.
2015 ATP Shenzhen Open – Doubles
Jean-Julien Rojer and Horia Tecău were the defending champions but chose not to participate.  Jonathan Erlich and Colin Fleming won the title, defeating Chris Guccione and André Sá in the final, 6–1, 6–7(3–7), [10–6].

Chris Guccione (tennis)
Christopher Luke Guccione (/ˌɡuːtʃiˈoʊni/ GOO-chee-OH-nee; born 30 July 1985) is an inactive Australian professional tennis player from Greenvale, Victoria. He has won five ATP Tour doubles titles, and reached career-high rankings of singles world No. 67 in April 2008 and doubles world No. 38 in November 2014.
The Spanish Earth
The Spanish Earth is a 1937 anti-fascist film made during the Spanish Civil War in support of the democratically elected Republicans, whose forces included a wide range from the political left like communists, socialists, anarchists, to moderates like centrists, and liberalist elements. The film was directed by Joris Ivens, written by John Dos Passos and Ernest Hemingway, narrated by Orson Welles and re-recorded by Hemingway (with Jean Renoir doing the narration in the French release), with music composed by Marc Blitzstein and arranged by Virgil Thomson.

Virgil Thomson
Virgil Thomson (November 25, 1896 – September 30, 1989) was an American composer and critic. He was instrumental in the development of the "American Sound" in classical music. He has been described as a modernist, a neoromantic, a neoclassicist, and a composer of "an Olympian blend of humanity and detachment" whose "expressive voice was always carefully muted" until his late opera Lord Byron which, in contrast to all his previous work, exhibited an emotional content that rises to "moments of real passion".
SKGLB Museum
The SKGLB-museum is a railway museum in Mondsee in Upper Austria. It shows relics of the 1957 closed Salzkammergut-Lokalbahn (abbreviation: SKGLB) that was a railway line in 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) gauge track from Salzburg to Bad Ischl with a branch to Mondsee - a town located at the lake Mondsee. The engine shed of the terminal station at Mondsee is the only preserved engine shed of this line. It has been converted to a museum about the line and its history and contains a collection of original vehicles, photographs and a model layout of the SKGLB's Mondsee branch. The line was privately owned firstly by the Bavarian company "Lokalbahn Aktiengesellschaft" known as LAG. This company owned the cog railway from St. Wolfgang to the Schafberg too which is still in operation.

Wolfgang of Regensburg
Wolfgang of Regensburg (Latin: Wolfgangus; c. 934 – 31 October 994 AD) was bishop of Regensburg in Bavaria from Christmas 972 until his death. He is a saint in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. He is regarded as one of the three great German saints of the 10th century, the other two being Ulrich of Augsburg and Conrad of Constance. Towards the end of his life Wolfgang withdrew as a hermit to a solitary spot, in the Salzkammergut region of Upper Austria. Soon after Wolfgang's death many churches chose him as their patron saint, and various towns were named after him.
Geelong Hospital
The University Hospital Geelong, formerly the Geelong Hospital, is an Australian public hospital located in Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria. The hospital is part of Barwon Health, Victoria's largest regional health care provider, which has 21 sites. It is the largest hospital in regional Victoria and the only tertiary hospital outside of the Melbourne Metropolitan area. The site is bounded by Ryrie, Bellarine, Myers, and Swanston Streets.

Public hospital
A public hospital, or government hospital, is a hospital which is government owned and is predominantly funded by the government and operates predominantly off the money that is collected from taxpayers to fund healthcare initiatives. In almost all the developed countries but the United States of America, and in most of the developing countries, this type of hospital provides medical care almost free of charge to patients, covering expenses and wages by government reimbursement.

The level of government owning the hospital may be local, municipal, state, regional, or national, and eligibility for service, not just for emergencies, may be available to non-citizen residents.
Longman (surname)
Longman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Heber Longman (1880–1954), Australian naturalist and museum director

Charles Longman (1852–1934), played in the 1873 FA Cup Final

Evelyn Beatrice Longman (1874–1954), US sculptor

Frank Longman (1882–1928), American football player and coach

George Longman (cricketer) (1852–1938), English cricketer

George Longman (MP) (1776–1822), English politician and business

Sir Hubert Harry Longman (1856–1940), the sole Longman baronet

Irene Longman (1877–1964), Australian politician

Phillip Longman (born 1956), American demographer

Richard Longman, British racing driver

Thomas Longman (1699–1755), English publisher who founded the publishing house of Longman

Thomas Norton Longman (1771–1842), his great nephew, English publisher

Thomas Longman (1804–1879), son of Thomas Norton Longman, English publisher

Tremper Longman, Old Testament scholar

William Longman (1892–1967), English croquet player

George Longman (MP)
George Longman (1776–1822), of 22 Bloomsbury Square, Middlesex, was a politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Maidstone 1806–1812 and 1818–1820.

His father, Thomas Longman (1699–1755), was the founder of the publishing company Longman. George Longman was also a major financial supporter of the inventor John Dickinson (1782–1869). Dickinson had developed a continuous mechanised papermaking process, the cylinder mould machine, close on the heels of the first mechanised paper machine of 1803, known to this day as the Fourdrinier. With Longmans backing he set up the company Longman & Dickinson in 1809 and bought in the same year his first paper mill at Apsley (Hertfordshire), which later developed into John Dickinson & Co. Ltd., a longtime international leader in papermaking and stationery.
Buenaventura Macabeo Maldonado Vivas
Buenaventura Macabeo Maldonado Vivas (Ureña, Venezuela, 1854 – Cúcuta, Colombia, December 19, 1901) was a Venezuelan military man and politician, and a key figure in the political and military conflicts of the Venezuelan and Latin American Andes.

In Venezuela he worked as a congressman, representing the state of Táchira (in the years 1878, 1880, 1881, 1893, and 1896); he was a columnist for various periodical publications, and founded and directed the newspaper El Republicano; he co-founded the Republican Party in an alliance with supporters of Carlos Rangel Garbiras and José Manuel Hernández.

Legalist Revolution
The Legalist Revolution was a civil war in Venezuela that was caused by the "Continuity movement" of President Raimundo Andueza Palacios who wanted to perpetuate himself in power through a constitutional reform. Although it was constitutionally stipulated that his term would end on 20 February 1892, Andueza planned to reform the Constitution in order to prolong his stay in power for two more years, which is why he was called a Continuationist.

Joaquín Crespo took up arms on March 11 in his power base of "El Totumo", in Guárico state, starting the war that spread to the rest of the country. The government appointed General Sebastián Casañas, commander of the army, to fight the Revolution while Generals Ramón Guerra, Wenceslao Casado and José Manuel Hernández, known as "El Mocho Hernández", joined the Legalist movement of Joaquin Crespo.
Scherzer
Scherzer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Scherzer, German writer, pseudonym of Christian August Gottlob Eberhard (1769–1845)

Julius Scherzer (born 1928), Romanian chemist

Karl von Scherzer (1821–1903), Austrian explorer

Max Scherzer (born 1984), American baseball pitcher

Otto Scherzer (1909–1982), German theoretical physicist

Steffi Scherzer (born 1957), German ballet dancer

William Donald Scherzer (1858–1893), American engineer, "Scherzer" system of Bascule bridges

Christian August Gottlob Eberhard
Christian August Gottlob Eberhard (12 January 1769 – 13 May 1845) was a German miscellaneous writer.

He was born at Belzig, in the Electorate of Saxony. He studied theology at Leipzig; but, having had a story successfully published in a periodical, he began a career in literature. With the exception of Hannchen und die Küchlein (1822), a narrative poem in ten parts, and an epic on the creation, Der erste Mensch und die Erde (1828), Eberhard's work was ephemeral in character and is now forgotten. He died at Dresden.

His collected works (Gesammelte Schriften) appeared in 20 volumes in 1830–1831.
Callanthias legras
Callanthias legars, the goldie or African splendid perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa.

Callanthiidae
Callanthiidae, the splendid perches  and groppos is a small family of marine ray-finned fishes in the order Spariformes. These fishes are mainly found in the Indo-Pacific but two species are found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.
Simeon R. Adams
Simeon Roe Adams (1813/1814 – April 3, 1860) was an American newspaper printer and politician. He served in the Mississippi State Senate from 1844 to 1848. He also owned the Eastern Clarion newspaper, a predecessor of The Clarion-Ledger, from 1839 to 1860.

Jasper County, Mississippi
Jasper County is located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. At the 2020 census, the population was 16,367. In 1906, the state legislature established two county courts, one at the first county seat of Paulding in the eastern part of the county and also one at Bay Springs in the west, where the railroad had been constructed. Jasper County is part of the Laurel, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Bay Springs' growth soon surpassed that of Paulding. No roadway connected the two parts of the county until one was built in 1935–1936. The still largely rural county is the major producer in the state of gas and oil, located in the southeast, and of timber, cattle, and poultry.
23rd Busan International Film Festival
The 23rd Busan International Film Festival was held from 4 October to 13 October 2018 at the Busan Cinema Center. A total of 324 films from 79 countries were screened during the festival, including 115 world premieres and 25 international premieres.

The DGK Award, which had been boycotted by the Director's Guild of Korea in 2016 and 2017, was reinstated during this edition of the festival.

Arctic (film)
Arctic is a 2018 survival drama film directed by Joe Penna and written by Penna and Ryan Morrison. The film is an international co-production between Iceland and the United States, and stars Mads Mikkelsen as a man stranded in the Arctic. The film premiered at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, and was released in theatres on 1 February 2019.
Under a Jarvis Moon
Under a Jarvis Moon is a 2010 documentary film about the young men, mostly of Hawaiian origin, sent in the 1930s and 1940s to colonize the Line Island of Jarvis and the Phoenix Islands of Howland and Baker. Directed by Noelle Kahanu and Heather Giugni, the film is related to a 2002 Bishop Museum exhibition "Hui Panalāʻau: Hawaiian Colonists, American Citizens." In 2010 Hawaii International Film Festival, the film scored #1 in Best Documentary nomination.

Bishop Museum
The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaiʻi State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a museum of history and science in the historic Kalihi district of Honolulu on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Founded in 1889, it is the largest museum in Hawaiʻi and has the world's largest collection of Polynesian cultural artifacts and natural history specimens. Besides the comprehensive exhibits of Hawaiian cultural material, the museum's total holding of natural history specimens exceeds 24 million, of which the entomological collection alone represents more than 13.5 million specimens (making it the third-largest insect collection in the United States). The Index Herbariorum code assigned to Herbarium Pacificum of this museum is BISH and this abbreviation is used when citing housed herbarium specimens.

The museum complex is home to the Richard T. Mamiya Science Adventure Center.
Mount Terry Fox
Mount Terry Fox is a peak in the Selwyn Range of the Canadian Rockies in British Columbia, Canada. In 1981, the previously unnamed mountain was named in honour of Terry Fox. It is 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) north of Valemount, British Columbia and 21 kilometres (13 mi) southwest of Mount Robson, and is within Mount Terry Fox Provincial Park.

Valemount
Valemount is a village municipality of 1,018 people in east central British Columbia, Canada, 320 kilometres (200 mi) from Kamloops, British Columbia. It is between the Rocky, Monashee, and Cariboo Mountains. It is the nearest community to the west of Jasper National Park, and is also the nearest community to Mount Robson Provincial Park, which features Mount Robson, the tallest mountain in the Canadian Rockies. Outdoor recreation is popular in summer and winter—hiking, skiing, snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, mountain biking and horseback riding are common activities. Valemount is one of 14 designated resort municipalities in British Columbia.

The name Valemount was coined for the Canadian National Railway station there in 1927 from the words vale and mount.
Koy Sinjaq District
Koy Sanjaq District (Kurdish: قەزای کۆیە, romanized: Qezay Koye; Arabic: قضاء كويسنجق) is a district in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The district encompasses five Sub-Districts Shorash, Ashti, Segrdkan and Taqtaq. It is neighbored from the east and south by the Little Zab river, which separates it from the Governorate of Kirkuk and Suleimaniyah. It is bordered to the northeast by Mount Haibat Sultan and embraced by Mount Bawage to the west.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.