hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metadata removal tool
Metadata removal tool or metadata scrubber is a type of privacy software built to protect the privacy of its users by removing potentially privacy-compromising metadata from files before they are shared with others, e.g., by sending them as e-mail attachments or by posting them on the Web.

Email attachment
An email attachment is a computer file sent along with an email message. One or more files can be attached to any email message, and be sent along with it to the recipient. This is typically used as a simple method to share documents and images.
Andre Soma
Andre Davy Soma (born 12 August 1983) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium pace bowler, he played 13 first-class matches for Manicaland in the Logan Cup between 2000–01 and 2004–05. He also played one match for Easterns during the 2006–07 Logan Cup.

Soma was born in Mutare, Manicaland. He is the younger brother of cricketer Leon Soma.

Manicaland cricket team
The Manicaland cricket team was a first-class cricket team representing the Manicaland province in Zimbabwe. They competed in the Logan Cup from 1999 until the format was revamped after the 2004–05 season. The club played their home matches at the Mutare Sports Club.
Hawpa
Hawpa (Kurdish: ھاوپا, romanized: Hāwpa, lit. 'accomplice or person of same type'), also known as the Kurdish National Socialist organization (PSNK), is a Kurdish neo-Nazi and anti-government organization based in the Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq. The party was established during Nowruz in 2020 and is headquartered in Erbil.

Hawpa has undertaken a campaign promoting their belief that Arabs should be expelled from the Kurdistan Region, and also advocating for a genocide of Turkmens and Assyrians. The group has previously been criticized by Assyrian organizations for spreading hatred against ethnic minorities in Iraq fueling intimidation campaigns and land grabbing.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
Mud Lake (Pennsylvania)
There are several lakes named Mud Lake within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

Mud Lake, Crawford County, Pennsylvania.		41°33′14″N 80°22′05″W﻿ / ﻿41.55389°N 80.36806°W﻿ / 41.55389; -80.36806

Lilly Lake, also known as Mud Lake, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania.		41°32′40″N 75°43′25″W﻿ / ﻿41.54444°N 75.72361°W﻿ / 41.54444; -75.72361

Mud Lake, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.		40°03′22″N 76°27′09″W﻿ / ﻿40.05611°N 76.45250°W﻿ / 40.05611; -76.45250

Mud Lake, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania.		41°22′26″N 76°41′26″W﻿ / ﻿41.37389°N 76.69056°W﻿ / 41.37389; -76.69056

Margaret Lake, also known as Mud Lake, Wayne County, Pennsylvania.		41°48′03″N 75°12′07″W﻿ / ﻿41.80083°N 75.20194°W﻿ / 41.80083; -75.20194

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
1953 West Essex CC Formula 2 Race
The 2nd West Essex CC Formula 2 Race was a Formula Two motor race held on 27 June 1953 at Snetterton Circuit, Norfolk. The race was run over 10 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Kenneth McAlpine in a Connaught Type A-Lea Francis. McAlpine's teammate John Coombs was second and Rodney Nuckey in a Cooper T23-Bristol was third. Roy Salvadori in another Connaught set fastest lap but retired on the last lap with engine failure.

Formula Two
Formula Two (F2) is a type of open-wheel formula racing category first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 2009 to 2012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship. The name returned again in 2017 when the former GP2 Series became known as the FIA Formula 2 Championship.
Wanq'uri
Wanq'uri (Aymara wanq'u guinea pig, -ri a suffix, Hispanicized spelling Huancure) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about 5,074.9 metres (16,650 ft) high. It lies in the Puno Region, El Collao Province, Capazo District. Wanq'uri is situated southeast of the mountain Sura Wiqu and northeast of the mountains Tuma Tumani and Ch'ila (Chila).

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
C19MC miRNA cluster
The C19MC miRNA cluster is a microRNA cluster consisting of 46 genes. These 46 genes encode 59 mature miRNAs. The C19MC miRNA cluster is only found in primate (including human) genomes and expresses miRNAs almost exclusively in the placenta, but also in testis, embryonic stem cells, and some tumors.  They are also expressed highly in trophoblast-derived vesicles, including exosomes.  C19MC miRNAs have been shown to be among the most expressed miRNAs in the human placenta and are also found in the serum of pregnant women.

Trophoblast cells, found in the human placenta, produce many different types of microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs play a role in placental development or physiology.

Some placental cell lines derived from trophoblasts also express C19MC miRNA, including the choriocarcinoma lines JEG3, JAr, and BeWo, but not HTR8/SVneo.

Immortalised cell line
An immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism that would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods in vitro. The mutations required for immortality can occur naturally or be intentionally induced for experimental purposes. Immortal cell lines are a very important tool for research into the biochemistry and cell biology of multicellular organisms. Immortalised cell lines have also found uses in biotechnology.

An immortalised cell line should not be confused with stem cells, which can also divide indefinitely, but form a normal part of the development of a multicellular organism.
Erythrina vespertilio
Erythrina vespertilio is a tree native to north and north-east Australia. Its common names are grey corkwood, bat's wing coral tree, yulbah  and the more ambiguous "bean tree". In the Western Desert language it is known as ininti and in Arrernte and Anmatyerr it is known as atywerety.

Western Desert language
The Western Desert language, or Wati, is a dialect cluster of Australian Aboriginal languages in the Pama–Nyungan family.

The name Wati tends to be used when considering the various varieties to be distinct languages, Western Desert when considering them dialects of a single language, or Wati as Warnman plus the Western Desert cluster.
Wayne Seybold
Wayne Seybold (born September 5, 1963) is formerly the mayor of Marion, Indiana and a former Olympic pair skater representing the United States.

Competing with his sister Natalie Seybold, he won five senior international medals, became a two-time U.S. national silver medalist, and competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics. The pair grew up in Marion, Indiana and were coached by Ronald Ludington from 1984 in Wilmington, Delaware.

After retiring from skating, Seybold returned to Marion, Indiana. Running as a Republican, he was elected mayor in 2003 and won re-election in 2007 and 2011. In 2012, Seybold ran for the 5th District Congressional seat but finished fourth in the Republican primary. In 2014, he ran for Indiana State Treasurer but lost the Republican nomination to director of the TrustINdiana local government investment pool Kelly Mitchell.

Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics took place at the Stampede Corral, the Olympic Saddledome and the Father David Bauer Olympic Arena in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This was the last Olympic competition where compulsory figures were contested for the men's and ladies' events.
Manhunt (1959 TV series)
Manhunt is an American syndicated half-hour television crime drama starring Victor Jory as a San Diego police detective Lt. Howard Finucane, Charles Bateman as his partner Det. George Peters (in the first 13 episodes), and  Patrick McVey as police beat newspaper reporter Ben Andrews, who also narrated the episodes. Seventy-eight episodes were broadcast between April 15, 1959, and 1961.

Filmed on location in San Diego, the series regularly showcased local sites such as the Pacific Highway district, police headquarters, the San Diego Zoo, the Star of India, San Diego Bay, the Bali Hai Resort and the Hotel Del Coronado. A panorama of the cityscape was featured during the closing credits.

The character Ben Andrews was based on the San Diego Union police beat reporter Pliny Castanien.

The San Diego Union-Tribune
The San Diego Union-Tribune is a metropolitan daily newspaper published in San Diego, California, that has run since 1868. Its name derives from what were San Diego's two major daily newspapers, the morning San Diego Union and the San Diego Evening Tribune, which had the same publisher beginning in 1901 and were frequently referred to collectively as the Union-Tribune; they were merged into a single edition under that name in 1992.

The name was changed to U-T San Diego in 2012 but returned to The San Diego Union-Tribune in 2015.

In 2015, the newspaper was acquired by Tribune Publishing. In February 2018, it was announced it would be sold, along with the Los Angeles Times, to Patrick Soon-Shiong's investment firm Nant Capital LLC for $500 million plus $90 million in pension liabilities. The sale was completed on June 18, 2018. In July 2023, Soon-Shiong sold the paper to Digital First Media, a company owned by Alden Global Capital.
Pieve of San Leolino
The pieve (parish church) of San Leolino is a catholic place of worship near Panzano in Chianti, Greve in Chianti comune, in the province of Florence. It belongs to the diocese of Fiesole.

The earliest known reference to the pieve dates from 982, where it is referred to as San Leolino in Flacciano, in a parchment of the Abbey of Passignano, but two sculptural fragments within the church suggest even older origins.

The current building dates from the twelfth century, as can be deduced from the structure and architectural style. In medieval times the church had great importance. In 1508 the patronage of the church passed to the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence.

The church was subject to various restoration and renovation projects throughout its history, however in 1942 restoration was undertaken that returned the church to its original Romanesque appearance.

43°31′58″N 11°18′43″E﻿ / ﻿43.5329°N 11.3120°E﻿ / 43.5329; 11.3120

Pieve
In Italy in the Middle Ages, a pieve (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjɛːve], Corsican: [ˈpjɛvɛ]; Latin: plebe; pl.: pievi) was a rural church with a baptistery, upon which other churches without baptisteries depended. Pieve is also an Italian and Corsican term signifying the medieval ecclesiastical/administrative territory of its the mother church. It has thus become a common component of both place names and of the names of churches.

The Italian word pieve is descended from Latin plebs which, after the expansion of Christianity in Italy, was applied to the community of baptized people. Many pievi began to appear in the 5th century, as Christianity expanded in the rural areas outside the main cities. In the 9th-10th centuries, they were often designed with bell towers.
The Penny Wedding
The Penny Wedding is an 1818 genre painting by the British artist David Wilkie. It depicts a traditional penny wedding in which the guests each paid a penny towards the cost.

Wilkie had toured the Scottish Highlands the previous year but the painting was intentionally vague in its geography. The participants are dressed in old-fashioned Lowland costume, suggesting it was set at least a generation earlier than it was painted possibly as much as fifty years by one estimate.

It was commissioned by the Prince Regent who wanted a companion piece for Blind-Man's Buff, an 1812 work by Wilkie which hung at Carlton House in London. Wilkie was paid 500 guineas for the work which was exhibited at the Royal Academy's 1819 Summer Exhibition at Somerset House. Today it remains in the Royal Collection.

Scottish Lowlands
The Lowlands (Scots: Lallans or Lawlands, pronounced [ˈlɑːlən(d)z, ˈlo̜ːl-]; Scottish Gaelic: a' Ghalldachd, lit. 'place of the foreigners', pronounced [ə ˈɣauɫ̪t̪əxk]) is a cultural and historical region of Scotland.

The region is characterised by its relatively flat or gently rolling terrain as opposed to the mountainous landscapes of the Scottish Highlands. This area includes cities like Edinburgh and Glasgow and is known for its fertile farmland, historic sites, and urban centres. It is the more populous and industrialised part of Scotland compared to the sparsely populated Highlands.

Culturally, the Lowlands and the Highlands diverged from the Late Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands.
Scopula nupta
Scopula nupta is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1878. It is found in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Hong Kong, Korea, and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 17–24 mm (0.67–0.94 in).

Arthur Gardiner Butler
Arthur Gardiner Butler F.L.S., F.Z.S. (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English entomologist, arachnologist and ornithologist. He worked at the British Museum on the taxonomy of birds, insects, and spiders.
Pueblo Nuevo, Durango
Pueblo Nuevo is a village in Pueblo Nuevo Municipality, Durango, Mexico.

As of 2005, the village of Pueblo Nuevo which was the seat of government of the municipality before the 1920s had a total population of 2,837.

Durango
Durango, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, is one of the states which make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico, situated in the northwest portion of the country. With a population of 1,832,650, the 8th lowest of Mexico's states, Durango has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur. The capital city, Victoria de Durango, is named after the first President of Mexico, Guadalupe Victoria.
Brothers Osborne (album)
Brothers Osborne is the fourth studio album by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. It was released by EMI Nashville on September 15, 2023, and was produced by Mike Elizondo, marking their first project not to be produced by Jay Joyce. The album includes the single "Nobody's Nobody" and features a collaboration with Miranda Lambert.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
North American P-51 Mustang variants
Over twenty variants of the North American P-51 Mustang fighter were produced from 1940, when it first flew, to after World War II, some of which were employed also in the Korean War and in several other conflicts.

Air National Guard
The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force of the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as the "air militia" of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It, along with the Army National Guard component of each state, district, commonwealth or territory, makes up the National Guard of each region as applicable. Additionally, the ANG and the United States Air Force Reserve constitute the two air reserve components of the USAF.

When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, when federalized by order of the president of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the U.S. Air Force. They are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the U.S. National Guard.
Goitom Kifle
Goitom Kifle (born 3 December 1993) is an Eritrean athlete competing in long-distance events. He represented his country at the 2011 and 2013 World Championships.

He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's marathon.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon event at the 2020 Summer Olympics started at 07:00 on 8 August 2021 in Sapporo, Japan. 106 athletes from 46 nations competed. The previous Olympic champion, Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge, successfully defended his title, with Dutch and Belgian athletes Abdi Nageeye and Bashir Abdi gaining silver and bronze, respectively. Kipchoge was the third man to repeat as Olympic marathon champion, after Abebe Bikila and Waldemar Cierpinski. The Netherlands and Belgium earned their first men's marathon medals since 1980 and 1976, respectively.

The race was moved north, from Tokyo to Sapporo, because the latter is on average 4 °C (7 °F) cooler in August, as decided in 2019 by the IOC. Sapporo recorded 26.0 °C (78.8 °F) at 07:00 when the race started, not much different from Tokyo The gifts were presented by David Katz, United States; World Athletics Competition Commission Member.
1998 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The 1998 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament was the 17th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of Division II women's  collegiate basketball in the United States.

Defending champions North Dakota defeated Emporia State in the championship game, 92–76, to claim the Fighting Sioux's second NCAA Division II national title. This would go on to be the second of three consecutive titles for North Dakota.

The championship rounds were contested in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Pine Bluff is a city in Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 41,253 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Arkansas.

Pine Bluff is situated in the southeast section of the Arkansas Delta and straddles the Arkansas Timberlands region to its west. Its topography is flat with wide expanses of farmland, similar to other places in the Delta Lowlands. Pine Bluff has numerous creeks, streams, and bayous, including Bayou Bartholomew, the longest bayou in the world and the second most ecologically diverse stream in the United States. Large bodies of water include Lake Pine Bluff, Lake Langhofer (Slack Water Harbor), and the Arkansas River.
Peraza family
The Peraza family was a Castilian noble family of conquistadors, territorial lords, counts, and governors that were a significant force in the history and conquest of the Canary Islands during the Age of Discovery in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

The Canary Islands were first politically unified into a single governance under their rule, though their holdings would fragment and influence would wane over time. Due to their role in the Islands' political history, they are among the oldest recorded family lineages on the Canaries.

Seigneur
A seigneur (French pronunciation: [sɛɲœʁ] ⓘ) or lord is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution, in New France and British North America until 1854, and in the Channel Islands to this day. The seigneur owned a seigneurie, seigneury, or lordship—a form of title or land tenure—as a fief, with its associated obligations and rights over person and property. In this sense, a seigneur could be an individual—male or female, high or low-born—or a collective entity, typically a religious community such as a monastery, seminary, college, or parish. Seigneurialism was repealed in Acadia in 1733, France in 1789 and the Province of Canada in 1854. Since then, the feudal title has only been applicable in the Channel Islands and for sovereign princes by their families.
A.F. Cappelli Block
The A.F. Cappelli Block is a historic mixed-use commercial and residential building at 263 Atwells Avenue, facing DePasquale Plaza in the Federal Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island.  It is a four-story brick structure, with two storefronts on the ground floor, and residential units on the upper floors.  It is faced in red brick, with tan bricks at the corners giving it a quoined appearance.  The store fronts feature original cast iron finishes.  It was built in 1909 by Antonio Cappelli, and was (then as now) one of the tallest buildings in the Federal Hill area.

The block was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Federal Hill, Providence, Rhode Island
Federal Hill is a neighborhood in Providence, Rhode Island. It lies immediately west of the city's Downtown, across Interstate 95. Since the late 19th century, Federal Hill has been an enclave of Providence's Italian American community; today the neighborhood is noted for its abundance of Italian restaurants, markets, and cultural establishments.
Ivan Oh
Ivan Oh is a Malaysian karateka. At the 2019 Southeast Asian Games, he won the gold medal in the men's team kata event, alongside Emmanuel Leong and Thomson Hoe. He is coached by Ku Jin Keat who won the gold medal in the men's kata event at the 2010 Asian Games.

In 2019, he also won the silver medal in the men's team kata event at the 2019 Asian Karate Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

2019 Asian Karate Championships
The 2019 Asian Karate Championships were the 16th edition of the Asian Karate Championships, and were held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan from July 19 to July 21, 2019.

In the women's 68 kg event, the gold medalist Nodira Djumaniyazova of Uzbekistan has violated WKF Anti-doping Rules, Art Rules. As a result, Ceyco Georgia Zefanya received the gold medal and Chao Jou received the silver medal.