hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Kaminiates
John Kaminiates (Greek: Ἰωάννης Καμινιάτης, fl. tenth century) was a Greek resident of Thessalonica when the city, then one of the largest in the Byzantine Empire, was besieged and sacked by a Saracen force led by Leo of Tripoli in 904. His account of the city's plunder, On the capture of Thessalonica (Εἰς τὴν ἅλωσιν τῆς Θεσσαλονίκης, Eis tēn alōsin tēs Thessalonikēs), survives in four manuscripts; though of these, none were written before the fourteenth century, causing some concern over the text's authenticity.

Rhomaioi
Rhomaioi or Romaioi (Ῥωμαῖοι) were the Greek-speaking inhabitants of Southern Europe and Western Asia that identified as Romans starting from Late Antiquity. Although modern scholarship commonly refers to these populations as Byzantines, Eastern Romans, or Byzantine Greeks, they consistently understood their identity as Roman, rooted in imperial continuity, the Christian faith, and the Greek language and culture. Over time, Rhōmaios became closely associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church as well as Greek speech, and the identity continued in use among Greek Orthodox communities after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Albert Randolph Ross
Albert Randolph Ross (October 26, 1868 – October 27, 1948) was an American architect, known primarily for designing libraries, especially those funded by Andrew Carnegie. His father, John W. Ross, was an architect based in Davenport, Iowa, and the architect of its city hall.

Davenport City Hall
Davenport City Hall is the official seat of government for the city of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The building was constructed in 1895 and is situated on the northeast corner of the intersection of Harrison Street (U.S. Route 61) and West Fourth Street in Downtown Davenport. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 1993. In 2020 it was included as a contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District.
Underwater acoustic communication
Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving messages in water. There are several ways of employing such communication but the most common is by using hydrophones. Underwater communication is difficult due to factors such as multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth and strong signal attenuation, especially over long ranges. Compared to terrestrial communication, underwater communication has low data rates because it uses acoustic waves instead of electromagnetic waves.

At the beginning of the 20th century some ships communicated by underwater bells as well as using the system for navigation. Submarine signals were at the time competitive with the primitive maritime radionavigation. The later Fessenden oscillator allowed communication with submarines.

Radio navigation
Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio waves to determine a position of an object on the Earth, either the vessel or an obstruction.  Like radiolocation, it is a type of radiodetermination.

The basic principles are measurements from/to electric beacons, especially

Angular directions, e.g. by bearing, radio phases or interferometry,

Distances, e.g. ranging by measurement of time of flight between one transmitter and multiple receivers or vice versa,

Distance differences by measurement of times of arrival of signals from one transmitter to multiple receivers or vice versa

Partly also velocity, e.g. by means of radio Doppler shift.

Combinations of these measurement principles also are important—e.g., many radars measure range and azimuth of a target.
2025 Turner Prize
The 2025 Turner Prize was awarded to Nnena Kalu for her sculptures and drawings. Announcing the prize, the jury praised the "bold and compelling work" and "the powerful presence" of her works. Kalu was awarded £25,000 in a ceremony held at Bradford Grammar School.

The other nominees were Rene Matić, Mohammed Sami, and Zadie Xa. The nominees' work is being shown at Cartwright Hall Art Gallery in Bradford as part of its UK City of Culture celebrations.

Bradford Grammar School
Bradford Grammar School (BGS) is a co-educational private day school located in Frizinghall, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.  
Entrance is by examination. Sixth form admission is based on GCSE results. The school gives means-tested bursaries to help with fees. Like many other independent schools, BGS also offers a small number of scholarships based on academic achievement.
Body Count (book)
Body Count: The Terrifying True Story of the Spokane Serial Killer is a non-fiction book released in December 2012 by Pinnacle Books and written by the crime writer Burl Barer about the American serial killer Robert Lee Yates from Spokane, Washington. It was first published in 2002, and then updated and re-released 10 years later.

Robert Lee Yates
Robert Lee Yates Jr. (born May 27, 1952), also known as the Spokane Serial Killer and the Grocery Bag Killer, is an American serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, necrophile, and former U.S. Army aircraft pilot who murdered at least sixteen people, mostly female prostitutes, in eastern Washington between 1975 and 1998.

Yates was enlisted in the United States Army from 1977 to 1996, during which time he flew helicopters. He is believed to have begun killing in 1975 when a couple was shot to death in Walla Walla. Between 1988 and 1998, Yates committed eleven murders in Spokane County, two in Pierce County, and one in Skagit County. He was sentenced to death in 2002 but it was commuted to life without parole after the Washington Supreme Court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional in 2018. He is currently serving life in prison at the Washington State Penitentiary.
Noel Davern
Noel Davern (24 December 1945 – 27 October 2013) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister of State from 1997 to 2002 and Minister for Education from 1991 to 1992. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary South constituency from 1969 to 1981 and 1987 to 2007. He served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Munster constituency from 1979 to 1984.

Tipperary South (Dáil constituency)
Tipperary South is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects three deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Nicolás Martínez (footballer, born 1987)
Nicolás Martinez (born 25 September 1987), known simply as Nico, is an Argentine professional footballer who last played as a midfielder for Greek Super League 2 club Apollon Smyrnis.

His brother is the footballer Juan Manuel Martínez.

Super League Greece 2
The Super League 2 (Greek: Σούπερ Λιγκ 2), also officially known as A2 Ethniki Katigoria (Greek: Α2 Εθνική Κατηγορία, lit. 'A2 National Division'), is the second-tier professional men's association football league in Greece. Made up of 20 teams in two groups, it is usually played from September to May. Super League 2  is ranked below the Greek Super League 1 and above the Greek Third National Division in the Greek football league system. All of the Super League 2 clubs take part in the Greek Football Cup, the annual Greek Cup competition.
2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona
The 2006 congressional elections in Arizona were elections for Arizona's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred along with congressional elections nationwide on November 7, 2006. Arizona has eight seats, as apportioned during the 2000 United States census. Prior to the election, Republicans held six of the eight seats and Democrats held two. In the 8th district, Republican Congressman Jim Kolbe retired, leaving an open seat. Following the elections, Democrats gained two seats at the expense of the Republicans, who lost two.

Supreme Allied Commander Europe
The Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) is the commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) and head of ACO's headquarters, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE). The commander is based at SHAPE in Casteau, Belgium. In effect, SACEUR is the second-highest military position within NATO, below only the Chair of the NATO Military Committee in terms of precedence. There is another Supreme Allied Commander in NATO, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT), titularly equal, but whose duties are less operational. SACT, in Norfolk, Virginia, has responsibility for capability development rather than operations.

SACEUR has always been held by a U.S. military officer, and the position is dual-hatted with that of Commander of United States European Command.

The current SACEUR is General Alexus G. Grynkewich of the US Air Force.
Railway Museum (Saitama)
The Railway Museum (鉄道博物館, Tetsudō Hakubutsukan) is a railway museum in Saitama, Saitama, Japan, which opened on 14 October 2007. It was built and is operated by the East Japan Railway Culture Foundation, a non-profit subsidiary of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It consists of a 19,800 m2 building on a site covering 42,500 m2, with a display area 9,500 m2 in size.

The museum features about 30 railway cars, train cab simulators, railway model dioramas, mini trains, storage for artifacts and books, video booths, a multi-purpose hall, a gallery balcony, a cafeteria, a museum shop, and a research room.

0 Series Shinkansen
The 0 series (Japanese: 0系) was a Shinkansen high-speed train type introduced by Japanese National Railways (JNR) in October 1964 for use on the newly opened Tōkaidō Shinkansen line, the first Shinkansen route. They were later used on the San'yō Shinkansen after it opened in 1972 and the Hakataminami Line after it opened in 1990. A total of 3,216 vehicles, arranged into 201 sets, were built between 1963 and 1986 by Hitachi, Kawasaki Sharyo, Kinki Sharyo, Kisha Seizo, Nippon Sharyo, and the Tokyu Car Corporation.

Following JNR's privatization in 1987, the trains were transferred to the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West), and many sets were refurbished during their service lives before being withdrawn in 2008 after 44 years of service.
William Pinckney Reinhardt House
William Pinckney Reinhardt House, also known as the Pink Reinhardt House, Reinhardt-Sigmon House, and Sigmon House, is a historic home located near Maiden, Catawba County, North Carolina. It was built about 1845, and is a two-story, Greek Revival style frame dwelling. The front facade features center bay portico supported by two
stuccoed-brick Doric order columns and a sophisticated Asher Benjamin-inspired doorway.  It has a 1+1⁄2-story frame addition built in the 1920s.  It is nearly identical to the neighboring Franklin D. Reinhardt House.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Catawba County, North Carolina
Catawba County (/kəˈtɔːbə/ kuh-TAW-buh) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,610. Its county seat is Newton, and its largest community is Hickory.

The county is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Gering (surname)
Gering is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Galen Gering (born 1971), American actor

Giles Gering, an artist at the court of King Henry VIII of England

Jurij Gering, politician in the Holy Roman Empire, mayor of Ljubljana in 1524

Rudi Gering (1917 – 1998 or 1999), German ski jumper

Ulrich Gering (died 1510), one of three partners who established the first printing press in France

Galen Gering
Galen Laius Gering (born February 13, 1971) is an American actor most known for his portrayal of characters on daytime soap operas. He currently plays the role of Rafe Hernandez on the long-running NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives. He also appeared on the NBC daytime soap opera Passions as Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald.
Shanaze Reade
Shanaze Danielle Reade (born 23 September 1988 in Crewe, Cheshire, United Kingdom) is a British former bicycle motocross (BMX) racer and track cyclist whose prime competitive years began in 2002. She has won the UCI BMX World Championships three times. Reade is the daughter of a Jamaican father and an Irish mother.

British Cycling
British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation) is the main national governing body for cycle sport in Great Britain. It administers most competitive cycling in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It represents Britain at the world body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and selects national teams, including the Great Britain (GB) Cycling Team for races in Britain and abroad. As of 2020, it has a total membership of 165,000.

It is based at the National Cycling Centre on the site of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
Mt St Michael's College
Mt St Michael's College is an independent Catholic secondary school for girls located in Ashgrove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was established in 1925 by the Sisters of Charity at the invitation of James Duhig the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Brisbane.

The college is a member of the Catholic Secondary Schoolgirls' Sports Association. The College is a ministry of Mary Aikenhead Education Australia.

James Duhig
Sir James Duhig KCMG (2 September 1871 – 10 April 1965) was an Irish-born Australian Roman Catholic religious leader.  He was the Archbishop of Brisbane for 48 years from 1917 until his death in 1965. At the time of his death he was the longest-serving bishop in the Catholic Church (1905–1965).
Mramor
Mramor can mean:

Mramor, Sofia City Province, a village near Sofia, Bulgaria

Mramor (mountain), a mountain in Kosovo

Mramor (Niš), a village in Serbia

Mramor (Kakanj), a village in the municipality of Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mramor, Tuzla, a village in the municipality of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mramor, Tuzla
Mramor is a village in the municipality of Tuzla, Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located between Tuzla and Srebrenik.

It was the location of the 1990 Dobrnja-Jug mine disaster, where 180 miners died.
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 1 – Women's 500 metres
The women's 500 metres races of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 1, arranged in the Olympic Oval, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, were held on 8 and 9 November 2013.

The podium placings of both races were identical – Lee Sang-hwa of South Korea won, followed by Jenny Wolf of Germany and Wang Beixing of China. In race two, Lee set a new world record with a time of 36.74 seconds. Yuliya Liteykina of Russia won Division B of race one, which promoted her to Division A of race two. Anice Dac of the Netherlands won Division B of race two.

Wang Beixing
Wang Beixing (Chinese: 王北星; pinyin: Wáng Běixīng; born 10 March 1985) is a Chinese long track speed skater, specializing in short distances (500 m and 1000 m).

Wang first competed in 2003. Her breakthrough came in the 2004–05 season, winning several times in the World Cup B-group and competing in the A-group. At the World Single Distance Championships she won silver. She appeared to be a medal candidate at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She got a 7th place in the 500 m and a 29th in the 1000 m.

In January 2009, she won the World Sprint Championships, the first Chinese woman to do so since Ye Qiaobo in 1993. She won the bronze medal in the 500 m sprint at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.

She was formerly coached by retired Canadian Olympic medallist and former world record holder Kevin Overland.
Beyond the Black Stump (comic strip)
Beyond the Black Stump is an Australian comic strip written by Sean Leahy. It debuted in 1988 and won the "Best Comic Strip" at the 2003 National Coffs Harbour Cartoon Awards and the "Comic Strip Cartoonist of the Year" at the Australian Cartoonist's Association's Stanley Award the same year.

The strip follows a cast of Australian wildlife who deal with the day-to-day stresses of marriage, parenting and friendship.

Australian Cartoonists' Association
The Australian Cartoonists' Association (ACA) is the Australian professional cartoonists' organisation and was established on 17 July 1924 as the Society of Australian Black and White Artists. It was the first association of newspaper artists in the world.

It soon became The Black and White Artists Society; and, by 1938, its name had been changed to The Black and White Artists Club. By 1939, it had a sketching division and an etching division.

In 2024, a collection of artworks were put on display in the exhibit "A Century of Satire" at State Library of New South Wales to celebrate 100 years since the Black & White Artists Club began.
Veinerville
Veinerville is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within Cypress County. It is located 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) northwest of Highway 41A, and less than 150 metres (490 ft) from Medicine Hat's east boundary.

Alberta Highway 41
Highway 41, officially named Buffalo Trail, is a 686-kilometre (426 mi) north-south highway in eastern Alberta, Canada. It extends from the United States border at Wild Horse to Highway 55 in the hamlet of La Corey north of Bonnyville. Highway 41, along with Highway 36 and the portion of Highway 881 north of Lac La Biche, is part of the Eastern Alberta Trade Corridor, an economic development corridor that links the oil sands with Texas and Mexico, and works in association with the North American Ports-to-Plains Alliance.
Budiriro South
Budiriro South is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It was established through the 2023 delimitation report and was first contested at the 2023 general election. The current MP is Darlington Dzikamai Chigumbu of the Citizens Coalition for Change since the 2023 election.

National Assembly of Zimbabwe
The National Assembly of Zimbabwe, previously the House of Assembly until 2013, is the lower house of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It was established upon Zimbabwe's independence in 1980 as one of two chambers of parliament. Between the abolition of the Senate in 1989 and its reestablishment in 2005, the House of Assembly was the sole chamber of parliament.

Since the 2023 election, the National Assembly has had 280 members. Of these, 210 are elected in single-member constituencies. 60 seats are reserved for women, and are elected by proportional representation in 10 six-seat constituencies based on the country's provinces. The last 10 seats are reserved for youth and are also elected through proportional representation in 10 one-seat constituencies based on the provinces as well.

Jacob Mudenda has been Speaker of the National Assembly since September 2013.
2014–15 I liga
The 2014–15 I liga is the 7th season of the Polish I liga under its current title, and the 67th season of the second highest division in the Polish football league system since its establishment in 1949. The league is operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN). The league is contested by 18 teams. The regular season was played in a round-robin tournament. The season began on 1 August 2014, and concluded on 6 June 2015. After the 19th matchday the league will be on winter break between 1 December 2014 and 6 March 2015.

According to the competition rules, all clubs are required to field at least one youth player (born on 1994 or later and Polish or trained in Poland) in every game (except for the times when the only youth player on the roster is sent off or unable to continue playing).

Sports league
A sports league is a group of individual athletes, sports teams or clubs who form a league to compete against each other and gain points in a specific sport. At its simplest, it may be a local group of amateur athletes who form teams among themselves and compete periodically, at its most complex, it can be an international professional league making large amounts of money and involving dozens of teams and thousands of players.
Davāzdah Imām
Davāzdah Imām, also known as The Shrine of the Twelve Imams, is an 11th-century mausoleum and ziyarat (shrine) in the Fahadan quarter of Yazd, Iran. It is the earliest-dated building in Yazd. It is adjacent to Zendan-e Eskandar (Alexander's Prison). The building is made of brick, and the inside bears inscriptions of the names of The Twelve Imams (who are not, despite its name, buried in the mausoleum).

Twelve Imams
The Twelve Imams (Arabic: ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر, al-ʾAʾimmah al-ʾIthnā ʿAšar; Persian: دوازده امام, Davâzdah Emâm) are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, including that of the Alawite and Alevi.

According to Twelver theology, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the community with justice, but also are able to keep and interpret sharia and the esoteric meaning of the Quran. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and sin (known as ismah, or infallibility) and must be chosen by divine decree through Muhammad.
Lupin the 3rd Part II season 3
Lupin the 3rd Part II, also known as Shin Lupin III or simply as Lupin III for the American market, is a Japanese anime series based on the manga by Monkey Punch and is produced by Tokyo Movie Shinsha. The third season, which contains 52 episodes, aired between October 2, 1978 and October 1, 1979 on NTV. Twenty-six episodes of English adaptation of the anime aired on Adult Swim starting on January 13, 2003, while episode 79 (the 28th episode of the third season) was the last episode to be released dubbed into English. The opening theme is Theme from Lupin III '79 by Yuji Ohno, while the ending theme is Love Squall by Sandii Hohn.

Monkey Punch
Kazuhiko Katō (Japanese: 加藤一彦, Hepburn: Katō Kazuhiko; May 26, 1937 – April 11, 2019), known by the pen name Monkey Punch (モンキー・パンチ, Monkī Panchi), was a Japanese manga artist, best known for his series Lupin III.
Ruana
A ruana (possibly from Spanish ruana "ragged" or Chibcha ruana "Land of Blankets") is a poncho-style outer garment native to the Colombian and Venezuelan Andes. In Colombia, the ruana is the characteristic and traditional garment of the department of Boyacá, initially made by indigenous and mestizo people, although it is also made in the departments of Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Nariño, Bogotá, Santander (Colombia), Norte de Santander and Caldas. In Venezuela it is widely used and made in the Andean states of Táchira, Mérida and Trujillo, used since the colonial times by all Venezuelan inhabitants, currently only in the Andean region its traditional use is maintained.

Similar to other poncho-like garments in Latin America, a ruana is basically a very thick, soft and sleeveless square or rectangular blanket with an opening in the center for the head to go through with a slit down the front to the hem. A ruana may or may not come with a hood to cover the head.

Norte de Santander Department
Norte de Santander (Spanish for Northern Santander) (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnoɾte ðe santanˈdeɾ]) is a department of northeastern Colombia. It is in the north of the country, bordering Venezuela. Its capital is Cúcuta, one of the country's major cities.

Norte de Santander is bordered by Venezuela to the east and north, by Santander Department and Boyacá Department to the south, and by Santander Department and Cesar Department to the west.

The official department name is "Departamento de Norte de Santander" (Norte de Santander Department) in honor of Colombian military and political leader Francisco de Paula Santander, who was born and raised near Cúcuta. Norte de Santander Department is located in the northwestern zone of the Colombian Andean Region.

The area of present-day Norte de Santander played an important role in the history of Colombia, during the War of Independence from Spain when Congress gave origin to the Greater Colombia in Villa del Rosario.