hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Negligent homicide
Negligent homicide is a criminal charge brought against a person who, through criminal negligence, allows another person to die. Negligent homicide can be distinguished from involuntary manslaughter by its mens rea requirement: negligent homicide requires criminal negligence, while manslaughter requires recklessness.

In the United Kingdom, common law gross negligent manslaughter covers the same conduct as negligent homicide.

Criminal negligence
In criminal law, criminal negligence is an offence that involves a breach of an objective standard of behaviour expected of a defendant. It may be contrasted with strictly liable offences, which do not consider states of mind in determining criminal liability, or offenses that requires mens rea, a mental state of guilt.
Drepana curvatula
Drepana curvatula, the dusky hook-tip, is a moth of the family Drepanidae. It was first described by Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen in 1790 and it is found from Europe to Japan.

The wingspan is 34–42 mm. The moth flies from May to August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on alder, oak and birch.

Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen
Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen (3 December 1760, Giessen – 30 November 1806, Darmstadt) was a German naturalist and forester. He took part in the production of Teutsche Ornithologie oder Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Teutschlands in naturgetreuen Abbildungen und Beschreibungen by Johann Conrad Susemihl.

He received his education in Giessen, and in 1796 started work as an assessor at the forestry office in Darmstadt. In 1800, he attained the title of Kammerrat, followed by a role as counselor at the Oberforsthaus Collegium in 1804.

As a botanist, he was the taxonomic author of Alliaceae and Asclepiadaceae as well as the circumscriber of numerous plant genera and species.
1st Dismounted Brigade
The 1st Dismounted Brigade was a formation of the British Army in World War I. It was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Lowland and Scottish Horse Mounted Brigades. The brigade was on Suez Canal defences attached to the 52nd (Lowland) Division and was broken up in October 1916.

Macedonian front
The Macedonian front, also known as the Salonica front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the autumn of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. The expedition came too late and with insufficient force to prevent the fall of Serbia and was complicated by the internal political crisis in Greece (the National Schism). Eventually, a stable front was established, running from the Albanian Adriatic coast to the Struma River, pitting a multinational Allied force against the Bulgarian army, which was at various times bolstered with smaller units from the other Central Powers. The Macedonian front remained stable, despite local actions, until the Allied offensive in September 1918 resulted in Bulgaria capitulating and the liberation of Serbia.
Susan Zarate
Susan Zarate is an American costume illustrator for the film and music industry known for her work on the films To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, Batman & Robin, Amistad, A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, and X-Men: The Last Stand; the television series 24, under costume designer Jim Lapidus; and with costume designer Erin Lareau on Katy Perry's California Dreams Tour. She has worked with lead costume designers Milena Canonero, Ruth E. Carter, Michael Christiansen, Ingrid Ferrin, Shelley Komarov, Christopher Lawrence, Judianna Makovsky, Debra McGuire, Ha Nguyen, Bob Ringwood, Marlene Stewart, and Robert Turturice.

Zarate taught on the faculty of Otis College of Art and Design in Los Angeles, California.

Her sketch of a design for Julianna Margulies in The Newton Boys is included in the Costume Designers Guild collection of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

California Dreams Tour
The California Dreams Tour was the second concert tour by American singer Katy Perry, in-support of her third studio album, Teenage Dream (2010). The tour played 124 shows, beginning February 20, 2011 in Lisbon, Portugal and concluding on January 22, 2012 in Pasay, Philippines. It visited Europe, Oceania, Asia and the Americas. The tour became an international success, with tickets selling out and ranking 16th in Pollstar's "2011 Top 25 Worldwide Tours", earning over $59.5 million from over 1 million tickets sold. At the end of 2011, Billboard ranked it #13 on its annual "Top 25 Tours", earning nearly $48.9 million. It won an award for Favorite Tour Headliner at the 38th People's Choice Awards.
Phycobiliprotein
Phycobiliproteins are water-soluble proteins present in cyanobacteria and certain algae (rhodophytes, cryptomonads, glaucocystophytes). They capture light energy, which is then passed on to chlorophylls during photosynthesis. Phycobiliproteins are formed of a complex between proteins and  covalently bound phycobilins that act as chromophores (the light-capturing part).  They are most important constituents of the phycobilisomes.

Chromophore
A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color. The word is derived from Ancient Greek  χρῶμᾰ (chroma) 'color' and  -φόρος (phoros) 'carrier of'.
The color that is seen by our eyes is that of the light not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible light. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two separate molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum (or in informal contexts, the spectrum under scrutiny). Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited state. In biological molecules that serve to capture or detect light energy, the chromophore is the moiety that causes a conformational change in the molecule when hit by light.
Binucleating ligand
In coordination chemistry, a binucleating ligand binds two metals.  Much attention has been directed toward such ligands that hold metals side-by-side, such that the pair of metals can bind substrates cooperatively.

A variety of metalloenzymes feature bimetallic active sites.  Examples include superoxide dismutase, urease, nickel-iron hydrogenase.  Many Non-heme iron proteins have diiron active sites, e.g. ribonucleotide reductase and hemerythrin.

NiFe hydrogenase
not be confused with [NiFeSe] hydrogenase found in many Bacteria, a subclass of NiFe hydrogenase [NiFe] hydrogenase is a type of hydrogenase, which is an oxidative enzyme that reversibly converts molecular hydrogen in prokaryotes including Bacteria and Archaea. The catalytic site on the enzyme provides simple hydrogen-metabolizing microorganisms a redox mechanism by which to store and utilize energy via the reaction

This is particularly essential for the anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio as well as pathogenic organisms Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori. The mechanisms, maturation, and function of [NiFe] hydrogenases are actively being researched for applications to the hydrogen economy and as potential antibiotic targets.
Charles Frodsham
Charles Frodsham (15 April 1810 – 11 January 1871) was a distinguished English horologist, establishing the firm of Charles Frodsham & Co, which remains in existence as the longest continuously trading firm of chronometer manufacturers in the world. In January 2018, the firm launched a new chronometer wristwatch, after sixteen years in development. It is the first watch to use the George Daniels double-impulse escapement.

Chronometer watch
A chronometer (Ancient Greek: χρονόμετρον, khronómetron, "time measurer") is an extraordinarily accurate mechanical timepiece, with an original focus on the needs of maritime navigation. In Switzerland, timepieces certified by the Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres (COSC) may be marked as Certified Chronometer or Officially Certified Chronometer. Outside Switzerland, equivalent bodies, such as the Japan Chronometer Inspection Institute, have in the past certified timepieces to similar standards, although use of the term has not always been strictly controlled.
Duke of Rubí
Duke of Rubí (Spanish: Ducado de Rubí) is a hereditary title of Spanish nobility, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee. It was created on 8 July 1920 by King Alfonso XIII in favor of Army general Valeriano Weyler, 1st Marquess of Tenerife, chief of staff of the Army.

Spanish Army
The Spanish Army (Spanish: Ejército de Tierra, lit. 'Army of Land') is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest active armies, dating back to the late 15th century.

The Spanish Army has existed continuously since the reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (late 15th century). The oldest and largest of the three services, its mission was the defence of Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Melilla, Ceuta and the Spanish islands and rocks off the northern coast of Africa.
Michel-Esdras Bernier
Michel Esdras Bernier, PC (September 28, 1841 – July 27, 1921) was a Canadian politician.

Born in St-Hyacinthe, Canada East, he was a notary and businessman before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of St. Hyacinthe in 1882. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1887, 1891, 1896, and 1900. From 1900 to 1904, he was the Minister of Inland Revenue. From 1904 to 1914, he was the Deputy Commissioner of the Board of Railway Commissioners and Transport Commissioners.

1882 Canadian federal election
The 1882 Canadian federal election was held on June 20, 1882, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 5th Parliament of Canada.

Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservatives and Liberal-Conservatives retained power, defeating the Liberal Party of Edward Blake.
Usingeriessa brunnildalis
Usingeriessa brunnildalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1906. It has been recorded in the US states of California and Texas.

The length of the forewings is 7.5–11 mm. The forewings are dark brown, but lighter in the median area and at the anal angle. The hindwings are gray. Adults have been recorded on wing from August to October.

The larvae live on rocks in streams covered in algae.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Cirkovljan
Cirkovljan (Hungarian: Drávaegyház) is a village in Međimurje County, Croatia.

The village is administratively part of the wider area of the town of Prelog. It is located on the D20 state road, approximately halfway between Prelog and Draškovec. The centre of Čakovec, the county seat of Međimurje County, is located around 19 kilometres from the village. The population of Cirkovljan in the 2001 census was 819.

The village is mainly surrounded by agricultural fields and some forests. There are also two gravel pits nearby, between Cirkovljan and Lake Dubrava.

Field (agriculture)
In agriculture, a field is an area of land, enclosed or otherwise, used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating crops or as a paddock or enclosure for livestock.  A field may also be an area left to lie fallow or as arable land.

Many farms have a field border, usually composed of a strip of shrubs and vegetation, used to provide food and cover necessary for the survival of wildlife. It has been found that these borders may lead to an increased variety of animals and plants in the area, but also in some cases a decreased yield of crops.
Henri-Joseph Dulaurens
Henri Joseph Du Laurens (sometimes Laurens or Dulaurens, original name Henri Joseph Laurent, 1719–1793 or 1797) was a French unfrocked Trinitarian friar, satirical poet and novelist, born at Douai, the son of the regimental surgeon Jean Joseph Laurent and his wife Marie Josephe Menon. He was author of such libertine works as Le compère Matthieu, Imirce, ou la fille de la nature and L'Arrétin moderne. He may also have written Candide, Part II. He died at Mariembourg in the French First Republic, now in Belgium.

Trinitarians
The Trinitarians, formally known as the Order of the Most Holy Trinity and of the Captives (Latin: Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis et Captivorum; abbreviated OSsT), is a mendicant order of the Catholic Church for men founded in Cerfroid, outside Paris, in the late 12th century. From the very outset, a special dedication to the mystery of the Holy Trinity has been a constitutive element of the order's life.

Papal documents refer to the founder only as "Brother John", but tradition identifies him as John of Matha, whose feast day is celebrated on 17 December. The founding-intention for the order was the ransom of Christians held captive by Muslims, a consequence of crusading and of piracy along the Mediterranean coast of Europe.
1992 Croatian First A League
1992 Croatian First A League was the first season of First A League. It was the first season of Croatian handball to be played after their departure from the Yugoslav First League. The tournament started 21 March 1992. No teams were relegated during this season.

Croatian Handball Premier League
The Croatian Handball Premier League (Croatian: Hrvatska rukometna premijer liga) is the highest men's handball league in Croatia. It is organized by the Croatian Handball Federation (Hrvatski rukometni savez). The league comprises 16 teams.

The league was formed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Yugoslav leagues.
Sons of Adventure
Sons of Adventure is a 1948 American Western film directed by Yakima Canutt, written by Franklin Adreon and Sol Shor, and starring Lynne Roberts, Russell Hayden, Gordon Jones, Grant Withers, George Chandler and Roy Barcroft. It was released on September 1, 1948 by Republic Pictures.

Yakima Canutt
Enos Edward "Yakima" Canutt (November 29, 1895 – May 24, 1986) was an American rodeo rider, stuntman, and actor. Sometimes called "the King of the Stuntmen," he is considered one of the influential figures in the history of motion picture stuntcraft.

Canutt worked on over 200 films between 1915 and 1975, developing numerous stunt techniques and technologies which later became ubiquitous. He received an Academy Honorary Award in 1967. His oft-collaborator, director William Witney, said "there will probably never be another stuntman who can compare to Yakima Canutt."
Dale Miller (academic)
Dale Miller is an American computer scientist and author. He is a Director of Research at Inria Saclay and one of the designers of the λProlog programming language and the Abella interactive theorem prover.

Miller is most known for his research on topics in computational logic, including proof theory, automated reasoning, and formalized meta-theory. He has co-authored the book Programming with Higher-order Logic.

Miller is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), has been a two-term Editor-in-Chief of the ACM Transactions on Computational Logic from 2009 to 2015 and holds an editorial appointment on the Journal of Automated Reasoning.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Broadcast News (film)
Broadcast News is a 1987 American romantic comedy-drama film written, produced and directed by James L. Brooks. The film concerns a virtuoso television news producer (Holly Hunter) who has daily emotional breakdowns, a brilliant yet prickly reporter (Albert Brooks), and the latter's charismatic but far less seasoned rival (William Hurt). It also stars Robert Prosky, Lois Chiles, Joan Cusack, and Jack Nicholson. The film was produced by Gracie Films and distributed by 20th Century Fox.

The film was acclaimed by critics and at the 60th Academy Awards received seven nominations, including Best Picture. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.".

Virtuoso
A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, Italian: [virˈtwoːzo] or Italian: [virtuˈoːso]; Late Latin virtuosus; Latin virtus; 'virtue', 'excellence' or 'skill') is an individual who possesses outstanding talent and technical ability in a particular art or field such as fine arts, music, singing, playing a musical instrument, or composition.
Waldo H. Dubberstein
Waldo Herman "Doobie" Dubberstein (October 21, 1907 - April 29, 1983) was a lifelong American intelligence officer, and a scholar and professor of middle eastern studies, political science, history, and archaeology. He worked for decades at both the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Dubberstein was involved with the American intelligence effort surrounding Anwar Sadat's visit to Jerusalem, border hostilities between Egypt and Libya, and the Camp David accords.

In 1983, the day after he was indicted by a grand jury on selling classified information in connection with Edwin P. Wilson and Frank Terpil, he was found dead of a shotgun blast to the head in an apparent suicide. While his death was ruled a suicide, Dubberstein's family, former colleagues, and some federal investigators suspect that he was murdered. One of four notes left to his lawyers read "I am not guilty." The contents of the other three notes are not known.

Anwar Sadat's visit to Jerusalem
On 19–21 November 1977, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat visited Jerusalem. The purpose of the visit was to address the Knesset, the legislative body of Israel, to try to advance the Arab-Israeli peace process. Sadat met with senior Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Menachem Begin. It was the first visit of its kind by an Arab leader to Israeli-controlled territory. As of today, it remains the only such visit. At that time, the two countries were considered at war.
Schrader-Griswold Cottage
Schrader-Griswold Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake in the town of Harrietstown, Franklin County, New York.  It was built around 1905 and is a 2+1⁄2-story, gable-roofed, wood frame dwelling with clapboard siding in the Queen Anne style.  It features a 2-story cure porch on half of the front facade and a 1-story verandah continuing across front and around the side.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Franklin County, New York
Franklin County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. To the north across the Canada–United States border are the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, from east to west. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 47,555. Its county seat is Malone. The county is named in honor of the United States Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Franklin County comprises the Malone, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. Much of Franklin County is within Adirondack Park. Within the border of the county is the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation, or Akwesasne in the Mohawk language. Its population was nearly 3,300 in the 2010 census. The people are linked by community and history with the Mohawk of the Akwesasne reserve across the river, spanning the border of Quebec and Ontario. The Mohawk have had authority under the Jay Treaty to freely cross this international border.
Polonodon
Polonodon is an extinct genus of dromatheriid cynodonts that lived in what is now Poland during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic. It includes one species, Polonodon woznikiensis, which is known only from isolated teeth.

Cynodontia
Cynodontia (from Ancient Greek  κύων (kúōn) 'dog' and  ὀδούς (odoús) 'tooth') is a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 mya), and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Mammals are cynodonts, as are their extinct ancestors and close relatives (Mammaliaformes), having evolved from advanced probainognathian cynodonts during the Late Triassic.

Non-mammalian cynodonts occupied a variety of ecological niches, both as carnivores and as herbivores. Following the emergence of mammals, most other cynodont lines went extinct, with the last known non-mammaliaform cynodont group, the Tritylodontidae, having its youngest records in the Early Cretaceous.
1981 McPherson by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of McPherson on 21 February 1981. This was triggered by the sudden death of Liberal Party MP Eric Robinson. It was held on the same day as by-elections for Boothby and Curtin.

Although National Country Party Senator Glen Sheil resigned from the Senate to contest the by-election, it was won by Liberal candidate Peter White, a former member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland who had retired in preparation for the by-election.

The 1981 McPherson by-election is among the frequent by-elections triggered by the death of the sitting member and would in fact be the last by-election triggered by the death of a sitting member until the 2000 Isaacs by-election triggered by the suicide of Greg Wilton.

Eric Robinson (Australian politician)
Eric Laidlaw Robinson (18 January 1929 – 7 January 1981) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party and held ministerial office in the Fraser government, serving as Minister for the Capital Territory (1975–1976), Post and Telecommunications (1976–1977), and Finance (1977–1979, 1979–1980). He represented the Queensland seat of McPherson in the House of Representatives from 1972 until his death in 1981.
Laugier–Hunziker syndrome
Laugier–Hunziker syndrome (/ˈloʊʒieɪ ˈhʊntsɪkər/) is a cutaneous condition characterized by hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa, longitudinal melanonychia, and genital melanosis.

The hyperpigmentation presented in Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is benign and should be differentiated from Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation is a condition characterized by the darkening of an area of the skin or nails due to an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This increase in melanin can result from a variety of factors, including sun exposure, inflammation, trauma, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions.

Hyperpigmentation is associated with numerous dermatological disorders and can present in various forms, such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and lentigines. It tends to be more prevalent and persistent in individuals with darker skin tones, who have more active melanocytes and are thus more prone to uneven pigmentation.