hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 in sports
This page describes and summarizes the year 2023 in world sporting events.

The main events taking place this year include the 2023 Cricket World Cup in India, 2023 Rugby World Cup in France, and the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup in Australia and New Zealand.

Most of the major Continental multi-sports events – the Pan American, European, Asian and Pacific Games – are held this year, one year ahead of the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, in addition to the Francophone Games. 2023 sees the first combined cycling world championships, including all disciplines except Cyclo-cross, and the first mixed-sex United Cup in tennis.

UAE Team Emirates XRG
UAE Team Emirates XRG (UCI team code: UAD) is an Emirati road bicycle racing team. The team competes at the UCI WorldTeam level and has done so since the UCI World Tour was formed as the top category of road cycling in 2005.

Since becoming UAE Team Emirates in 2018, the team has won the Tour de France four times and the Giro d'Italia once, with Slovenian rider Tadej Pogačar. Pogačar has also won the Monuments of Giro di Lombardia (4 times), Liège–Bastogne–Liège (3 times) and Tour of Flanders (2 times) for the team.

The "XRG" in the current team name indicates the addition of UAE energy sponsor XRG as co-title sponsor and the official energy partner in late 2024, for a 6-year partnership.
The Seeds (album)
The Seeds is the debut album by American garage rock band the Seeds. It was released in April 1966 through GNP Crescendo Records and produced by Sky Saxon. After the release of two singles in 1965, "Can't Seem to Make You Mine" and "Pushin' Too Hard", the album was released and charted in the United States where it peaked at No. 132 on the Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart. Modern reception of the album is positive, with Malcolm Russel noting the band's influence on CBGB musicians a decade later.

GNP Crescendo Records
GNP Crescendo Record Co. is an independent record label founded in 1954 by Gene Norman (né Eugene Abraham Nabatoff; 1922–2015). It started as a producer of jazz, then expanded into many other genres, including comedy, rock, and Star Trek soundtracks. Currently GNP Cresendo is run by Gene Norman's son, Neil Norman.
Chüy District
Chüy (Kyrgyz: Чүй району, romanized: Chüy rayonu) is a district of Chüy Region in northern Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 1,756 square kilometres (678 sq mi), and its resident population was 54,622 in 2021. The district surrounds the city of Tokmok, but does not include it. The administrative seat lies at Tokmok.

Districts of Kyrgyzstan
The regions of Kyrgyzstan are divided into districts (raions), administered by government-appointed officials. Rural communities (ayyl aymagy) consisting of up to twenty small settlements have their own elected mayors and councils. The raions are listed below, by region:
Jamie Lee Wilson
Jamie Lee Wilson, also known as JVMIE, is an Australian singer, songwriter and music producer. She is best known for the 2017 single Back 2 Love in collaboration with Dave Audé, which peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Club Dance Chart and No. 31 on the Billboard Hot Dance Electronic Songs Chart.

Dave Audé
Dave Audé (/ˈɔːdeɪ/) is an American DJ, producer and remixer. He operates his own label Audacious Records, and is known for having more number ones than any other producer on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. He has done production for artists such as U2, will.i.am, t.A.T.u., Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, Barenaked Ladies, Faith No More, Rihanna, Yoko Ono, Britney Spears, Alexis Jordan, Madonna, CeCe Peniston, Jennifer Lopez, Celine Dion, LeAnn Rimes, Selena Gomez, Olivia Holt, Laura Pausini and Beyoncé. As an artist, Audé has scored 14 hit singles so far on the Billboard charts, and an unprecedented 132 No. 1 remixes on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. In 2016, Audé won a Grammy Award in the Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical category for his remix of "Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson and Bruno Mars. Audé's songs are represented by Downtown Music Publishing. He is managed by songwriter and producer Darrell Brown.
Rafał Piotrowski (footballer)
Rafał Piotrowski (14 April 1974 – 3 December 2024) was a Polish footballer who played as a midfielder.

Best known for time at hometown club Pogoń Szczecin and Stal Mielec, he played 153 matches scoring eight goals in the Ekstraklasa., of which 25 appearances and one goal was with Stal. With Lech Poznań, then in the second tier, he made 12 appearances and scored one goal.

After retiring from playing, he went on to coach various amateur teams. He died in Szczecin on 4 December 2024, at the age of 50.

Pogoń Szczecin
Pogoń Szczecin Spółka Akcyjna (lit. 'Pogoń Szczecin Joint Stock Company'), commonly referred to as Pogoń Szczecin (Polish pronunciation: [ˌɛmkaˈɛs ˌpɔɡɔj̃ ˈʂtʂɛtɕin]), is a Polish professional football club based in Szczecin, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, which plays in the Ekstraklasa.
2004 Hong Kong Sevens
The 2004 Hong Kong Sevens was an international rugby sevens tournament that took place at the Hong Kong Stadium between 26 and 28 March 2004. It was the 29th edition of the Hong Kong Sevens and was the fifth tournament of the 2003–04 World Sevens Series. Twenty-four teams competed in the tournament and were separated into six groups of four with the top eight teams qualifying through to the cup tournament.

After winning all three of their group stage matches, England took out the Hong Kong title for the third year running, defeating Argentina in the cup final 22–12. The plate-final saw Scotland defeat France while the Cook Islands took home the bowl defeating Japan.

Argentina national rugby sevens team
The Argentina national rugby sevens team competes in the World Rugby Sevens Series, in the Rugby World Cup Sevens, and, beginning in 2016, in the Summer Olympics.

The Argentine rugby sevens team has had some success in the World Rugby Sevens Series, finishing third in 2003–04, and finishing among the top six teams in five out of six seasons from 2003–04 to 2008–09. Argentina won the USA Sevens tournament in 2004 and again in 2009. During its peak, the Argentine team was led by Santiago Gómez Cora, who is ranked all-time first in tries (230), fifth in points (1,178), and third in appearances (61).

Argentina's best finish at the Rugby World Cup Sevens came in 2009, when the team reached the finals and finished as runners up.
Foobar2000
foobar2000 (often abbreviated as fb2k or f2k) is a freeware audio player for Microsoft Windows, iOS, Android, macOS, and formerly Windows Phone, developed by Peter Pawłowski. It has a modular design, which provides user flexibility in configuration and customization. Standard "skin" elements can be individually augmented or replaced with different dials, buttons, and visualizers. foobar2000 offers third-party user interface modifications through a software development kit (SDK).

foobar2000 supports many audio file formats, has many features for organizing metadata, files, and folders, and has a converter interface for use with command line encoders. To maximize audio fidelity in cases where resampling or downscaling in bit depth is required, it provides noise shaping and dithering. There are a number of official and third-party components which add many additional features. The core is closed source, whereas the SDK is licensed under the Three-Clause BSD license.

Noise shaping
Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process of quantization or bit-depth reduction of a signal. Its purpose is to increase the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the resultant signal. It does this by altering the spectral shape of the error that is introduced by dithering and quantization, such that the noise power is at a lower level in frequency bands at which noise is considered to be less desirable and at a correspondingly higher level in bands where it is considered to be more desirable. A popular noise shaping algorithm used in image processing is known as ‘Floyd Steinberg dithering’; and many noise shaping algorithms used in audio processing are based on an ‘Absolute threshold of hearing’ model.
Marian Pană
Marian Pană (born 24 December 1968, in Moreni) is a football manager and former professional footballer. He previously managed teams like Cetatea Suceava, Știința Bacău, Gloria Bistrița, Universitatea Cluj and Farul Constanța. As a player, he won the Liga I title with Dinamo București playing alongside his brother, the midfielder Costel who was also an International footballer.

ACF Gloria Bistrița
Asociația Club de Fotbal Gloria Bistrița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈɡlori.a ˈbistritsa]), commonly known as Gloria Bistrița, or simply as Gloria, was a Romanian professional football club based in Bistrița, Bistrița-Năsăud County founded on 6 July 1922 and dissolved in 2015.
Francis Wolley
Sir Francis Wolley (1583 – November 1609) was the son of Queen Elizabeth's Latin secretary, Sir John Wolley, and Elizabeth More, the daughter of Sir William More of Loseley, Surrey. He was a Member of Parliament, and one of those to whom King James granted the Second Virginia Charter. From 1601 to 1609 he provided a home at Pyrford for John Donne and Anne More after their clandestine marriage.

William More (died 1600)
Sir William More (30 January 1520 – 20 July 1600), of Loseley, Surrey, was the son of Sir Christopher More. The great house at Loseley Park was built for him, which is still the residence of the More Molyneux family. Of Protestant sympathies, as Sheriff and Vice-Admiral of Surrey he was actively involved in local administration of the county of Surrey and in the enforcement of the Elizabethan religious settlement, and was a member of every Parliament during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. He was the owner of property in the Blackfriars in which the first and second Blackfriars theatres were erected. He has been described as "the perfect Elizabethan country gentleman" on account of his impeccable character and his assiduity and efficiency of service.
Maca District
Maca District is one of twenty districts of the province Caylloma in Peru.

Colca River on the northern border of the Maca District

Souvenir sellers west of Maca

the church in Maca

The church in Maca (altar)

Districts of Peru
The districts of Peru (Spanish: distritos) are the third-level country subdivisions of Peru. They are subdivisions of the provinces, which in turn are subdivisions of the larger regions or departments. There are 1,838 districts in total.
Icy moon
Icy moons are a class of natural satellites with surfaces composed mostly of ice. An icy moon may harbor an ocean underneath the surface, and possibly include a rocky core of silicate or metallic rocks. It is thought that they may be composed of ice II or other polymorph of water ice. The prime example of this class of object is Europa.

Icy moons warmed by tides may be the most common type of celestial body in the galaxy to have liquid water, and thus the most likely type of object to possibly have water-based life.

Some icy moons exhibit cryovolcanism, as well as geysers. The best studied example is Saturn's Enceladus.

Crystal polymorphism
In crystallography, polymorphism is the phenomenon where a compound or element can crystallize into more than one crystal structure.

The preceding definition has evolved over many years and is still under discussion today. Discussion of the defining characteristics of polymorphism involves distinguishing among types of transitions and structural changes occurring in polymorphism versus those in other phenomena.
The Tunnel (1935 film)
The Tunnel (U.S. title: Transatlantic Tunnel) is a 1935 British science fiction film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Richard Dix, Leslie Banks, Madge Evans, Helen Vinson, C. Aubrey Smith and Basil Sydney. It is based on the 1913 novel The Tunnel by Bernhard Kellermann, about the building of a transatlantic tunnel between New York and London. The script was written by Curt Siodmak, L. du Garde Peach and Clemence Dane. The film, produced at a time when the threat of war loomed in Europe, emphasized international cooperation between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Curt Siodmak
Curt Siodmak (August 10, 1902 – September 2, 2000) was a German-American novelist, screenwriter and director. He is known for his work in the horror and science fiction film genres, with such films as The Wolf Man and Donovan's Brain (the latter adapted from his novel of the same name). He was the younger brother of noir director Robert Siodmak.
December Boys
December Boys is a 2007 Australian drama film directed by Rod Hardy and written by Marc Rosenberg and adapted from the 1963 novel of the same name by Michael Noonan. It was released on 14 September 2007 in the United Kingdom and the United States and 20 September 2007 in Australia. The film follows four orphan boys who compete to be adopted by a family. This was Daniel Radcliffe's first non-Harry Potter film role since his film debut in The Tailor of Panama.

The Tailor of Panama (film)
The Tailor of Panama is a 2001 spy thriller film directed by John Boorman from a screenplay he co-wrote with John le Carré and Andrew Davies. Based on le Carré's 1996 novel of the same name, it stars Pierce Brosnan and Geoffrey Rush. Rush portrays the title character, a former convict turned tailor who is strong-armed by an amoral MI6 agent (Brosnan) into spying on the Panamanian government. Jamie Lee Curtis, Brendan Gleeson, Catherine McCormack, Leonor Varela and Harold Pinter co-star, along with Daniel Radcliffe in his film debut.

The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on 11 February 2001, and was released theatrically in the United States by Columbia Pictures on 30 March. It received positive reviews, with praise for the performances of Brosnan and Rush, and grossed $28 million on a $21 million budget.
History of the Karnak Temple complex
The history of the Karnak Temple complex is largely the history of Thebes. The city does not appear to have been of any significance before the Eleventh Dynasty, and any temple building here would have been relatively small and unimportant, with any shrines being dedicated to the early god of Thebes, Montu. The earliest artifact found in the area of the temple is a small, eight-sided column from the Eleventh Dynasty, which mentions Amun-Re. The tomb of Intef II mentions a 'house of Amun', which implies some structure, whether a shrine or a small temple is unknown. The ancient name for Karnak, Ipet-Isut (usually translated as 'most select of places') only really refers to the central core structures of the Precinct of Amun-Re, and was in use as early as the 11th Dynasty, again implying the presence of some form of temple before the Middle Kingdom expansion.

Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-second Dynasty was an Ancient Egyptian dynasty of ancient Libyan origin founded by Shoshenq I. It is also known as the Bubastite Dynasty, since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city of Bubastis.

The Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group designation of the Third Intermediate Period.
Hilde Glomsås
Hilde Glomsås (born 26 April 1978) is a retired Norwegian cross-country skier.

She competed at the 1996, 1997 and 1998 Junior World Championships, winning the gold medal in the 15 km race in 1998.

She made her World Cup debut in the 1997–98 season opener at Beitostølen, finishing 35th. She collected her first World Cup points with a 15th place in the December 1998 Davos 10 km, and improved to a 12th place in January 2000 in Nové Město na Moravě. Her last World Cup outing came in December 2000 in Brusson, where she finished 34th. Her strongest placement came in the 30 km race at the 1999 World Championships, where she finished 7th.

She represented the sports clubs Bærums Verk IF, growing up at Rykkinn.

FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The FIS Cross-Country World Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition, arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS) since 1981. The competition was arranged unofficially between 1973 and 1981, although it received provisional recognition on the 31st FIS Congress, 29–30 April 1977 in Bariloche, Argentina.

The first World Cup races were held on 9 January 1982 and were located in Reit im Winkl, West Germany and Klingenthal, East Germany. Bill Koch of the United States and Berit Aunli of Norway were the overall winners in the first season.
Yakima County, Washington
Yakima County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 256,728. The county seat and most populous city is Yakima. The county was formed out of Ferguson County in January 1865 and is named for the Yakama tribe of Native Americans.

Yakima County comprises the Yakima, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area and is Washington state's most populous majority-Hispanic county as of 2020.

Washington Territory
The Washington Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia. At its largest extent, it also included the entirety of modern Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming, before attaining its final boundaries in 1863.

The territory was named after George Washington, a Founding Father and first president of the United States.
Lignowy Szlacheckie
Lignowy Szlacheckie [liɡˈnɔvɨ ʂlaˈxɛt͡skʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pelplin, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Gothic church in Lignowy. Front elevation.

Saint Martin Church, back view.

Martin of Tours
Martin of Tours (Latin: Martinus Turonensis; 316/336 – 8 November 397) was the third bishop of Tours. He is the patron saint of many communities and organizations across Europe, including France's Third Republic. A native of Pannonia (present-day Hungary), he converted to Christianity at a young age. He served in the Roman cavalry in Gaul, but left military service prior to 361, when he became a disciple of Hilary of Poitiers, establishing the monastery at Ligugé. He was consecrated as Bishop of Caesarodunum (Tours) in 371. As bishop, he was active in the suppression of the remnants of Gallo-Roman religion.

The contemporary hagiographer Sulpicius Severus wrote a Life of St. Martin. He is best known for the account of his using his sword to cut his cloak in two, to give half to a beggar clad only in rags in winter. His shrine in Tours became an often-frequented stop for pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
Chateau Woods, Texas
Chateau Woods is an unincorporated community in southern Montgomery County, Texas, United States, that was formerly an incorporated municipality. It is located east of Interstate 45, approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of Conroe and 27 miles (43 km) north of Houston.

Conroe, Texas
Conroe is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Texas, United States, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Houston. It is a principal city in the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area.

As of 2024, the population was 114,581. Since 2007, the city has increased in size (and population) by annexation, with the city territory expanding from 52.8 to 74.4 square miles. Some communities have attempted to fight such annexation. According to the Census Bureau, Conroe was the fastest-growing large city in the United States between July 1, 2015, and July 1, 2016.
Capture of Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein, the deposed president of Iraq, was captured by the United States military in the town of Ad-Dawr, Iraq, on 13 December 2003. The military operation to capture him was codenamed Operation Red Dawn, after the 1984 American film Red Dawn.

The mission was executed by joint operations Task Force 121—an elite and covert joint special operations team, supported by the 1st Brigade Combat Team (led by Colonel James Hickey) of the 4th Infantry Division, commanded by Major General Raymond Odierno.

They searched two sites, "Wolverine 1" and "Wolverine 2", outside ad-Dawr, and did not find Saddam. A continued search between the two sites found Saddam hiding in a "spider hole" at 20:30 local Iraqi time. Saddam did not resist capture.

Raymond T. Odierno
Raymond Thomas Odierno /oʊdiˈɛərnoʊ/ (8 September 1954 – 8 October 2021) was an American military officer who served as a four-star general of the United States Army and as the 38th chief of staff of the Army. Prior to his service as chief of staff, Odierno commanded United States Joint Forces Command from October 2010 until its disestablishment in August 2011. He served as Commanding General, United States Forces – Iraq and its predecessor, Multi-National Force – Iraq, from September 2008 through September 2010.
Tustin Unified School District
Tustin Unified School District was created from the 1972 voter-approved unification of the Tustin Elementary School District and the Tustin Union High School District. It is located in Tustin, a city in Orange County, California. Its district territory comprises Tustin, the unincorporated community of North Tustin, and parts of the cities of Irvine and Santa Ana. It has 18 elementary schools, five middle schools, four high schools, one K-8 school, and one adult school.

North Tustin, California
North Tustin is an unincorporated community in Orange County, California. The population was 25,718 at the 2020 census, up from 24,917 in 2010. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined North Tustin as a census-designated place (CDP). It is both the largest CDP and largest unincorporated community in Orange County. The CDP's name was changed from Tustin Foothills in 2005. Located outside the city limits of Tustin, North Tustin has 92705 and 92780 ZIP Codes.
Gebru Desta
Gebru Desta also known as Kantiba Gebru and Aleqa Gebru Desta (1855 – January 1950) was an Amhara intellectual, and former mayor of Gondar and Addis Abeba. Gebru was one of the few foreign-educated Ethiopians during Menelik II’s reign, and served the emperor and his successors in various positions ranging from diplomat and interpreter. He was a political prisoner during Ethiopia's occupation by Fascist Italy.

Gondar
Gondar, also spelled Gonder (Amharic: ጎንደር, Gonder or Gondär; formerly ጐንደር, Gʷandar or Gʷender), is a city and woreda in Ethiopia. Located in the North Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, Gondar is north of Lake Tana on the Lesser Angereb River and southwest of the Simien Mountains. As of 2021, Gondar has an estimated population of 443,156.

Gondar previously served as the capital of both the Ethiopian Empire and the subsequent Begemder Province. The city holds the remains of several royal castles, including those in the Fasil Ghebbi UNESCO World Heritage Site for which Gondar has been called the "Camelot of Africa".
John Batchelor (illustrator)
John Henry Batchelor MBE (1936-2019) was an English artist and technical illustrator, particularly known for his clear and detailed cutaway illustrations of vehicles and military equipment, and his stamp illustrations.  His work can be seen in many hundreds of late-20th-century works on armour, fighting vehicles, ships (often in conjunction with Antony Preston), firearms and heavy ordnance (for example the many works of Ian V. Hogg), etc. Batchelor's work is particularly sought after by scale model makers for its accuracy. He provided illustrations for many magazines such as Radio Times, TV Times and technical interest publications such as  Popular Mechanics, Air & Space, and The Aeroplane.

Cutaway drawing
A cutaway drawing, also called a cutaway diagram, is a 3D graphics, drawing, diagram and or illustration, in which surface elements of a three-dimensional model are selectively removed, to make internal features visible, but without sacrificing the outer context entirely.