hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese city wall
Chinese city walls (traditional Chinese: 城牆; simplified Chinese: 城墙; pinyin: chéngqiáng; lit. 'city wall') refer to defensive walls built to protect important towns and cities in pre-modern China. In addition to walls, Chinese city defenses also included fortified towers and gates, as well as moats and ramparts around the walls.

Fortified tower
A fortified tower (also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions.
Robert William Felkin
Robert William Felkin FRSE LRCSE LRCP (13 March 1853 – 28 December 1926) was a British medical missionary and explorer, a ceremonial magician, member of the S.R.I.A, member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, a prolific author on Uganda and Central Africa, and early anthropologist, with an interest in hypnotism, ethno-medicine and tropical diseases.

He was the founder in 1903 of the Stella Matutina, a new Order based on the original Order of the Golden Dawn, with its Hermes Temple in Bristol, UK and, later, Whare Ra (or more correctly, the Smaragdum Thallasses Temple) in Havelock North, New Zealand in 1912.

The fullest account of his life is found in A Wayfaring Man, a fictionalised biography written by his second wife Harriot and published in serial form between 1936 and 1949.

Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism (/ˌroʊzɪˈkruːʃəˌnɪzəm, ˌrɒzɪ-/) is a spiritual and cultural movement influenced by Esoteric Christianity and Hermeticism that arose in early modern Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts announcing to the world a new secret society. Rosicrucianism is symbolized by the Rose Cross or Rosy Cross. There have been several Rosicrucian (or Rosicrucian-inspired) organizations since the initial movement was founded, including the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross (1750s–1790s), the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (1865–present), and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1887–1903).
Niyi Adebayo
Otunba Adeniyi Adebayolistenⓘ (born 4 February 1958) is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who served as the Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment of Nigeria from August 2019 to May 2023. He previously served as the first democratically elected governor of Ekiti State from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2003 on the platform of the Alliance for Democracy (AD).

He is currently a member of the All Progressives Congress, and is a top chieftain in the party. He was appointed minister of trade in August 2019 by President Muhammadu Buhari following the announcement of his second cabinet. Adebayo has extensive experience in a wide range of disputes and legal and advisory work. His more notable achievements have been in the areas of project finance, oil and gas, contract procurement and business facilitation. He is a member of Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) and the International Bar Association (IBA).

Second cabinet of President Muhammadu Buhari
The second cabinet of President Muhammadu Buhari consists of the ministers appointed in the Buhari administration to take responsibility for each of the government ministries of Nigeria following the 2019 elections. Most ministers were sworn in on 21 August 2019 and the cabinet was dissolved on 29 May 2023, the day of Bola Tinubu's inauguration.
Miguel Angel Escotet
Miguel Angel Escotet is a social scientist, education administrator and author, emeritus professor at the University of Texas at Brownsville, of which he was dean of the College of Education. He was also secretary general of Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos and professor at Florida International University. He is since 2014 director general of corporate social responsibility of Abanca. He is also president of Fundación Galicia Obra Social, Afundación, and president of IESIDE, Afundacion's business school.

Abanca
ABANCA Corporación Bancaria (ABANCA) is a Spanish bank based in Galicia that provides banking services across Spain.

It was created in September in 2011 following the "bankisation" of Novacaixagalicia savings bank as NCG Banco. It operates in the autonomous communities of Galicia, Asturias and the province of León, in other parts of Spain and in Portugal, as well as offices in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, Mexico and the United States.

Abanca has been designated as a significant institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.
1981 Sturt state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Sturt on 21 February 1981 following the resignation of Tim Fischer (National Country) to successfully contest the seat of Murray at the 1980 by-election.

By-elections for the seats of Cessnock, Oxley and Maitland were held on the same day.

Electoral district of Murray
Murray (The Murray until 1910) is an electoral district in the Australian state of New South Wales.

Murray is a regional electorate lying in the southwestern corner of the state. It encompasses several local government areas, namely Wentworth Shire, Balranald Shire, Carrathool Shire, the City of Griffith, Leeton Shire, Hay Shire, Murrumbidgee Shire, Murray River Council, Edward River Council and Berrigan Shire.
Deposition (van Dyck, 1629–30)
The Deposition or Lamentation over the Dead Christ was a painting by the Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck, produced between 1629 and 1630. It measured 220 cm by 166 cm. Its final owners were the Kaiser Friedrich Museum then the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin, before it was lost (either missing or destroyed) in May 1945 in the Friedrichshain flak tower fire. A copy of the work is now in the Gedächtniskapelle  of the Deutschordensmünster in Heilbronn.

Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
The Gemäldegalerie (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmɛːldəɡaləˌʁiː], lit. 'Painting Gallery') is an art museum in Berlin, Germany, and the museum where the main selection of paintings belonging to the Berlin State Museums (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) is displayed.  It was first opened in 1830, and the current building was completed in 1998. It is located in the Kulturforum museum district west of Potsdamer Platz.

It holds one of the world's leading collections of European paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries.  Its collection includes masterpieces from such artists as Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach, Hans Holbein, Rogier van der Weyden, Jan van Eyck, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Caravaggio, Peter Paul Rubens, David Teniers the Younger, Rembrandt, Frans Hals, Johannes Vermeer, Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds  and Antonio Viviani.
Carl Seumanutafa
Carl Seumanutafa (born June 15, 1983) is a Samoan mixed martial artist, wrestler and bare-knuckle boxer who competes in the Heavyweight division. A professional since 2007, he has competed for Bellator, Strikeforce, ShoXC, EliteXC, Tachi Palace Fights, King of the Cage, M-1 Global, and the PFL.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Chanakya Sapatham
Chanakya Shapatham (transl. Chanakya's vow) is a 1986 Indian Telugu language action film starring Chiranjeevi, Vijayashanti, Rao Gopal Rao and Satyanarayana, produced  by D. V. S. Raju and directed by K. Raghavendra Rao.

The film marked the third collaboration of Chiranjeevi with Raghavendra Rao after two highly successful films : Adavi Donga and Kondaveeti Raja. However, unlike their previous ventures, Chanakya Shapatham was a critical and commercial failure. Paruchuri brothers had scripted all three films.

Paruchuri brothers
Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao (born 21 June 1944) and Paruchuri Gopala Krishna (born 25 September 1947), collectively referred to as the Paruchuri Brothers, are a screenwriting duo whose work is predominant as story writers, dialogue writers, actors, directors, poets, playwrights, and novelists in the Indian Telugu film industry.

They have written the stories and dialogues for over 358 films; to name a few E Charithra Ye Siratho, Naa Desam, Khaidi, Eenadu, Mundadugu, Bobbili Brahmanna, Prajaswamyam, Karthavyam, Varsham, Sarpayagam, Major Chandrakanth Samarasimha Reddy, Narasimha Naidu, Okkadu, Indra, Tagore, Manasantha Nuvve, Nee Sneham, Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana, Shankardada MBBS, Drushyam, Khaidi No. 150, Rudrama Devi and Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy.
Robert David Brady
Robert Brady (born 1946) is an American modernist sculptor who works in ceramics and wood.  Born in Reno, Nevada, he has made his home in the San Francisco Bay Area for many decades. Brady is a multi-faceted artist who works in  ceramics, wood, painting, and illustration, and is best known for his abstract figurative sculptures. Brady came out of the California Clay movement, and the Bay Area Arts scene of the 1950s and 1960s, which includes artists such as Peter Voulkos, Viola Frey, Stephen de Staebler, and Robert Arneson who was his mentor and teacher in college.

Crocker Art Museum
The Crocker Art Museum is the oldest art museum in the Western United States, located in Sacramento, California. Founded in 1885, the museum holds one of the premier collections of Californian art. The collection includes American works dating from the Gold Rush to the present, European paintings and master drawings, one of the largest international ceramics collections in the U.S., and collections of Asian, African, and Oceanic art. The Crocker Art Museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.
Nelson (provincial electoral district)
Nelson was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It first appeared on the hustings in the general election of 1916 in place of the former riding of Nelson City. Its last appearance was in the 1928 election. Following redistribution, the Nelson area was combined with the Creston riding to create Nelson-Creston, which first appeared in the 1933 election.

Husting
A husting originally referred to a native Germanic governing assembly, the thing. By metonymy, the term may now refer to any event (such as debates or speeches) during an election campaign where one or more of the candidates are present.
Bradfield School
Bradfield School is a secondary school with academy status situated on the edge of the village of Worrall, in the civil parish of Bradfield, in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The school is a specialist Engineering College formerly catering for pupils between the ages of 11 and 18. However, as of September 2019, the school's sixth form has closed down and the school now only caters to between the ages of 11 and 16.

Specialist school
Specialist schools, also known as specialised schools or specialized schools, are schools which specialise in a certain area or field of curriculum. In some countries, for example New Zealand, the term is used exclusively for schools specialising in special needs education, which are typically known as special schools. Specialist schools often have admission criteria making them selective schools as well.
Untold: Shooting Guards
Untold: Shooting Guards is a 2025 American sports documentary film directed by Walter Thompson-Hernández. The film was released by Netflix on May 6, 2025, as part of the fifth volume of films in the Untold series. The film chronicles the infamous 2009 incident in which Washington Wizards teammates Gilbert Arenas and Javaris Crittenton drew firearms during a heated locker-room argument and follows the personal tragedies and career-altering consequences that followed.

Javaris Crittenton
Javaris Cortez Crittenton (born December 31, 1987) is an American former professional basketball player. During his four year career, Crittenton played for the Los Angeles Lakers, Memphis Grizzlies, and Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Zhejiang Lions of the Chinese Basketball Association, and the Dakota Wizards of the NBA D-League. He was previously the starting point guard for the Georgia Tech men's basketball team. On August 26, 2011, Crittenton was charged with the murder of Jullian Jones, a 22-year-old mother of four. After pleading guilty to manslaughter in 2015, he was sentenced to 23 years in prison, though it was later reduced to 10 years. He was released from prison on April 21, 2023.
Crossroads Care
Crossroads Care, also known as Crossroads, was a registered charity in England and Wales which provided support for carers. In 2012, it merged with The Princess Royal Trust for Carers to form Carers Trust.

The organisation was first established in 1974. It took its name from the TV soap opera Crossroads, in which the problems of families caring for disabled people at home were highlighted by an accident to one of the characters. The programme makers, Central Television, made a donation of £10,000 for a pilot scheme to be set up in Rugby, Warwickshire. Crossroads subsequently expanded to become a national organisation with over 250 local schemes throughout England and Wales, with a sister organisation in Scotland, Crossroads Caring Scotland.

Some local charities continue to use the name "Crossroads Care" or "Crossroads" together with a geographic location, such as Crossroads Care Slough and Oxfordshire Crossroads.

ITV Central
ITV Central, previously known as Central Independent Television, Central ITV, Carlton Central, ITV1 for Central England and commonly referred to as simply Central, is the Independent Television franchisee in the English Midlands. It was created following the restructuring of ATV and officially began broadcasting on 1 January 1982. The service is owned and operated by ITV plc under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting Limited. Historically Central made a major contribution to the ITV network schedule – especially in entertainment and drama – but today its main responsibility is the regional news service.
Cuntz
Cuntz is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Erich Cuntz (1916–1975), German field hockey player

Joachim Cuntz (born 1948), German mathematician

Manfred Cuntz (born 1958), German astrophysicist

Matthias Cuntz (born 1990), German soccer player

Otto Cuntz (1865–1932), German-Austrian classical historian

Matthias Cuntz
Matthias Cuntz (born 4 May 1990 in Karlsruhe) is a German footballer who plays for SV Elversberg.

Cuntz made his debut for Karlsruhe on 5 February 2010, in a 2–1 away defeat against St. Pauli, coming off the bench to replace Marco Engelhardt in the 61st minute.
Veterans Crisis Line
The Veterans Crisis Line is a United States–based crisis hotline for military veterans, service members, their families, and caregivers. The service is available 24/7 via the toll-free hotline number 988. Callers press 1 on their keypad to connect to the Veterans Crisis Line instead of the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, which shares the same number. It can also be reached by texting the SMS number 838255 or via online chat on the hotline's website.

Military personnel
Military personnel or military service members are members of the state's armed forces. Their roles, pay, and obligations differ according to their military branch (army, navy, marines, coast guard, air force, and space force), rank (officer, non-commissioned officer, or enlisted recruit), and their military task when deployed on operations and on exercise.
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 100
Route 100 (also known as The Cape Shore Highway and Argentia Access Road) is a major highway in Newfoundland and Labrador.  The highway begins at its northern terminus at the Trans-Canada Highway (Route 1) in the town of Whitbourne, runs for 108 kilometres (67 mi) until it ends at its southern terminus, the town of Branch, where it transitions into Route 92.  Motorists can drive along the coast of Placentia Bay once traveling south of Point Verde.

The route's most important community is the town of Placentia, which is home to the province's only lift bridge.

Route 100 also serves as an access to the Marine Atlantic ferry to Nova Scotia, which is located in Argentia.  The ferry only operates during the summer months.

Summer
Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and darkness hours are the shortest, with day length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunrises and latest sunsets also occur near the date of the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to definition, climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
Tom Old Boot
Tom Old Boot (a grotesque dwarf) (French: Tom Old Boot (nain grotesque)) was an 1896 French short silent film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is film #75 in its catalogues.

Though no synopsis survives, the film appears to have captured a performance by Tom Old Boot, a small-sized entertainer, who played at Méliès's stage venue, the Théâtre Robert-Houdin, as an "American dwarf" ("nain americain"). The magazine La Vie Parisienne reported that Tom Old Boot was playing at the Robert-Houdin Theatre in late December 1895, at Thursday and Sunday matinées. The reports claimed that the performances were a great success, getting many laughs, especially from the children in the audiences. The newspaper Le Petit Parisien reported on the March 1896 performances at the Robert-Houdin and called Tom Old Boot a "joyful, eccentric, dwarf comedian" ("joyeux nain comic excentric").

The film Tom Old Boot is presumed lost.

La Vie Parisienne (magazine)
La Vie Parisienne ("The Parisian Life") was a French weekly magazine founded in Paris in 1863 by Émile Planat under the name of Émile Marcelin and was published without interruption until 1970. It was popular at the start of the 20th century.
Joe Lockridge
Joseph Edwin Lockridge (July 15, 1932 – May 3, 1968) was one of the first African Americans to serve in the Texas House of Representatives since Reconstruction, representing the 33rd District in Dallas County. He was elected alongside State Senator Barbara Jordan and state representative Curtis Graves.

Prairie View A&M University
Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU or PV) is a public historically black (HBCU) land-grant university in Prairie View, Texas, United States. Founded in 1876, it is the oldest public HBCU in Texas  and the second oldest public institution of higher learning in the state. It offers baccalaureate degrees in 50 academic majors, 37 master's degrees and four doctoral degree programs through eight colleges and the School of Architecture. PVAMU is the largest HBCU in the state of Texas and the third largest HBCU in the United States.  PVAMU is a member of the Texas A&M University System and Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Prairie View A&M fields 18 intercollegiate sports team, commonly known by their Prairie View A&M Panthers nickname. Prairie View A&M competes in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).  Prairie View A&M is the only charter member remaining in the conference.
Prince Consort Essay
The Prince Consort Essay was a surface printed printer's sample stamp created in 1851 as an example of the surface printed stamps that Henry Archer proposed to print and perforate under contract with the British government at a lower price than the current printing firm of Perkins Bacon. The Prince Consort stamps were provided by the artist Robert Edward Branston, from an engraving executed by Samuel William Reynolds.

Although commonly known as an essay, the stamp was not really an essay as it was never intended that a postage stamp be produced based on the design, nor was it an un-adopted design. It is more accurately described as a printer's sample stamp, or dummy stamp.

Postage stamp separation
For postage stamps, separation is the means by which individual stamps are made easily detachable from each other.

Methods of separation include:

perforation: cutting rows and columns of small holes

rouletting: small horizontal and vertical cuts

diecutting: cut paper to shape using a metal die—used for self-adhesive stamps.
Blue Star (film)
Blue Star is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language sports drama film directed by S. Jayakumar in his directorial debut and jointly produced by Pa. Ranjith under his production banner Neelam Productions along with R. Ganesh Murthy and G. Soundarya under Lemon Leaf Creation Pvt Ltd. The film stars Ashok Selvan, Shanthanu Bhagyaraj and Keerthi Pandian, with Prithvi Rajan, Bagavathi Perumal, Elango Kumaravel and Lizzie Antony in supporting roles, and Saju Navodaya in an extended cameo. The film features music composed by Govind Vasantha with cinematography by Thamizh A Azhagan and editing by Selva R. K. It was released on 24 January 2024 to positive reviews from critics.

Saju Navodaya
Pappanikunnel Thankappan Saju (born 14 October 1973), better known by his stage name Saju Navodaya, is an Indian actor and comedian who works in Malayalam films, television and stage. He began his career as a comedian on stage shows and later forayed into television and into films. In January 2020, he contested in the second season of Malayalam reality TV show Bigg Boss.
2015 French Open – Girls' doubles
Miriam Kolodziejová and Markéta Vondroušová won the title, defeating Caroline Dolehide and Katerina Stewart in the final, 6–0, 6–3.

Ioana Ducu and Ioana Loredana Roșca were the defending champions, but were no longer eligible to participate in junior events.

Ioana Ducu
Ioana Ducu (born 8 April 1996) is a former Romanian tennis player. In her career, she won one doubles title on the ITF Women's Circuit and reached best WTA rankings of 830 in singles and 736 in doubles.

In June 2014, together with fellow Romanian Ioana Loredana Roșca, Ducu won the girls' doubles tournament at the French Open, defeating CiCi Bellis and Markéta Vondroušová in the final, in three sets.

In 2017, it was announced that she ended her tennis career for pursuit of a career in medicine. She played her last match on the ITF Circuit in September 2014 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.
Swindale Beck (Brough)
Swindale Beck is a river in Cumbria, England,  near Appleby-in-Westmorland, which for much of its length forms the boundary between the civil parishes of Helbeck to the west and Stainmore to the east, in the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority area. It is formed at Swindale Head, about 400 m (440 yd) west of the B6276 road from Brough to Middleton-in-Teesdale, at the confluence of Tarn Gill and Coalgill Syke, and flows through Brough and into the River Eden at Great Musgrave.

At Brough, it is crossed by a grade II listed Bridge.

Middleton-in-Teesdale
Middleton-in-Teesdale is a market town and civil parish in County Durham, England. It is in Teesdale, on the River Tees's north banks, and surrounded by the North Pennines. The town is between Eggleston and Newbiggin, a few miles to the north-west of Barnard Castle. In 2011 it had a population of 1,137.