hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nat Hentoff
Nathan Irving Hentoff (June 10, 1925 – January 7, 2017) was an American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic, and syndicated columnist for United Media. Hentoff was a columnist for The Village Voice from 1958 to 2009. Following his departure from The Voice, Hentoff became a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and continued writing his music column for The Wall Street Journal, which published his works until his death. He often wrote on First Amendment issues, vigorously defending the freedom of the press.

Hentoff was formerly a columnist for: Down Beat, JazzTimes, Legal Times, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The Progressive, Editor & Publisher and Free Inquiry. He was a staff writer for The New Yorker, and his writings were also published in The New York Times, Jewish World Review, The Atlantic, The New Republic, Commonweal, and Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo.

ALM (company)
ALM (formerly American Lawyer Media) is a media company headquartered in the Socony–Mobil Building in Manhattan, and is a provider of specialized business news and information, focused  on law.

ALM owns and publishes national, regional, and international magazines and newspapers, including  The American Lawyer, the New York Law Journal, Corporate Counsel, The National Law Journal, The Legal Intelligencer, Legal Times, Law.com, and Law.com International.

The company also produces conferences and trade shows for business leaders and the legal profession. Law Journal Press, ALM's professional book imprint, publishes over 130 treatises on a broad range of legal topics. Other ALM businesses include newsletter publishing, court verdict and settlement reporting, production of professional educational seminars, market research, and content distribution.
Whitchurch railway station (Wales)
Whitchurch railway station is a railway station serving Whitchurch, Cardiff, Wales. It is located on the Coryton Line 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Cardiff Central and is situated beneath the A470 road.

Passenger services are provided by Transport for Wales as part of the Valley Lines network.

Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes
Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes (formerly Valley Lines) is the urban and suburban rail network radiating from Cardiff, Wales. It includes lines within the city itself, the Vale of Glamorgan and the South Wales Valleys.

The services are currently operated by Transport for Wales Rail as the South Wales Metro. In total, it serves 81 stations in six unitary authority areas: 20 in the city of Cardiff, 11 in the Vale of Glamorgan, 25 in Rhondda Cynon Taf, 16 in Caerphilly, 8 in Bridgend and 5 in Merthyr Tydfil.

Services on these routes are currently provided by a transitional fleet of Class 150 DMUs, Class 231 Diesel–electric multiple units and Class 756 tri-mode multiple units. They are typically end-to-end, in that they run from one branch terminus, through Cardiff Queen Street station, to another branch terminus, e.g. from Pontypridd to Barry Island.

The major hubs of the network are Cardiff Queen Street and Cardiff Central. Other hubs are Pontypridd, Bridgend and Barry.
Hartwig Masuch
Hartwig Masuch (born July 20, 1954) is a German music executive. Since 2008, he has been chief executive officer of BMG Rights Management, a Bertelsmann group division. Under his leadership, BMG became a leading international music company. According to Billboard, he is among the most influential representatives of the industry in the world. Masuch was himself a musician and producer and is considered a pioneer of the Neue Deutsche Welle.

Neue Deutsche Welle
Neue Deutsche Welle (NDW, pronounced [ˈnɔʏə ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈvɛlə], "new German wave") is a genre of West German rock music originally derived from post-punk and new wave with electronic influences. The term was first coined by Dutch radio DJ Frits Ritmeester on the nationwide radio station Hilversum 3, which was very popular among German listeners. Soon after that, the term was used in a record-shop advertisement by Burkhardt Seiler in an August 1979 issue of the West German magazine Sounds. It was then used by journalist Alfred Hilsberg in an October 1979 Sounds article about the movement, titled Neue Deutsche Welle — Aus grauer Städte Mauern ("new German wave—from the walls of grey cities").
Stevardiidae
Stevardiidae is a large family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes. It includes many genera previously placed in the family Characidae, which was split into multiple families in 2024. They are found throughout South and Central America. In earlier taxonomic treatments, most genera in this family were placed in the characid subfamily Glandulocaudinae, which has been redefined as a much smaller subfamily of the Stevardiidae.

As suggested by their former taxonomic name, a gland on their caudal fin is found almost exclusively in the males of many species of this family, which allows the release and pumping of pheromones. Members of this subfamily have complex courtship behaviors which lead to insemination. The ecology and life history of these fish is complex yet little studied. Stevardiids are important components of the diet for commercially-harvested larger fish.

Mimagoniates lateralis
Mimagoniates lateralis is a species of tetra in the genus Mimagoniates.  Its common names include

croaking tetra (a name also applied to M. inequalis and  M. microlepis). The croaking tetra (Mimagoniates lateralis) typically reaches a size of 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) in length, but the maximum length is 3.3 cm (1.3 in) for males and unsexed individuals. Aquarium specimens can sometimes grow slightly larger, reaching up to 5 cm (2.0 in).
Disclosure and Barring Service
The Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) is a non-departmental public body of the Home Office of the United Kingdom. The DBS enables organisations in the public, private and voluntary sectors to make safer recruitment decisions by identifying candidates who may be unsuitable for certain work, especially involving children or vulnerable adults, and provides wider access to criminal record information through its disclosure service for England and Wales.

National Audit Office (United Kingdom)
The National Audit Office (NAO) is an independent Parliamentary body in the United Kingdom which is responsible for auditing central government departments, government agencies and non-departmental public bodies. The NAO also carries out value for money (VFM) audits into the administration of public policy.
Alexis Hellmer
Alexis Hellmer is a Mexican Latinist and classicist and the founder of Studium Angelopolitanum. He is a Professor of the Latin language and literature at the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla and at the Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla.

Professor Hellmer is an alumnus of Luigi Miraglia's Accademia Vivarium Novum. As a student, he spent one year in Montella learning Latin language and classical humanities. From 2009 to 2012, he taught (ancient) Latin literature at Vivarium Novum.

A proponent of Hans Ørberg's natural method of language learning, he has been ranked among the top Latin speakers in the world. In 2015 and 2016, he served as repetitor (teaching staff) at Rusticatio Virginiana  and Conventiculum Bostoniense. In February 2017, Professor Hellmer was a speaker in the Living Latin in New York City conference, organized by the Paideia Institute and Fordham University of New York.

Montella
Montella (Neapolitan: Monteddra) is an Italian town and comune (municipality) in the province of Avellino, Campania, with a population of 7,699. The zone was inhabited already in the Neolithic period. The town was founded by the Samnites in the 1st millennium BC, to become a municipality of the Roman Empire and a town under the Lombards.
EMD 1010
The EMD 1010 or EMD 265 is a line of four-stroke diesel engines manufactured by Electro-Motive Diesel.  The precursor to the 1010 was introduced around 1998 as the 265H or H-Engine. The H-engine was initially designed for use as a 6,300 hp (4,700 kW) 16 cylinder, the EMD SD90MAC; however, the early engines were found to be unreliable, and unsuccessful in the market, with the proven EMD 710 2-stroke  design being preferred.  The EMD four-stroke engine was resurrected in 2015 to meet EPA Tier 4 emissions regulations.

Diesel exhaust fluid
Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF; also known as AUS 32 and sometimes marketed as AdBlue) is a liquid used to reduce the amount of air pollution created by a diesel engine. Specifically, DEF is an aqueous urea solution made with 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water. DEF is consumed in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) that lowers the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the diesel exhaust emissions from a diesel engine.
Lake Musters and Lake Colhué Huapí
Lake Musters and Lake Colhué Huapi (45°25′S 69°11′W﻿ / ﻿45.417°S 69.183°W﻿ / -45.417; -69.183, at altitudes of around 260 metres (850 ft)) form the terminal stage of the Senguerr River endorheic basin, located in the patagonic central region of Argentina in the south of Chubut province. Closest populated area is Sarmiento, an 8,000 inhabitant former Welsh immigrant colony. The lakes gave their names to the Mustersan and Colhuehuapian South American land mammal ages.

Sarmiento, Chubut
Sarmiento is a town in the province of Chubut, Argentina. It has about 14,289 inhabitants as per the 2022 census [INDEC], and is the head town of the department of the same name. It is located on the so-called Central Corridor of Patagonia, in a fertile valley amidst an otherwise arid region, 140 km west from Comodoro Rivadavia, in the south of Chubut.  It sits between two lakes, Lake Musters and Lake Colhue Huapi.  Notable attractions are the Petrified Forest and caves with Aborigine hand paintings.
Oxyptilus chrysodactyla
Oxyptilus chrysodactyla is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in most of Europe, except most of the Balkan Peninsula, Great Britain, Ireland and Portugal.

The wingspan is 15–21 millimetres (0.59–0.83 in). Adults are brown.

The larvae feed on Hieracium umbellatum, Hieracium amplexicaule, Hieracium sabaudum and Picris hieracioides. They feed in the heart of their host plant and later spin the top-leaves together.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Charlie Snyder (American football)
Charles Colbert Snyder (September 14, 1922 – February 5, 2007) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Marshall University from 1959 to 1967, compiling a record of 28–58–3. A native of Catlettsburg, Kentucky, Snyder played college football in the late 1940s as a tackle under Cam Henderson. From 1948 to 1956 he was the head football coach at his alma mater, Catlettsburg High School, leading his teams to a record of 55–21–4 in nine seasons. Snyder also worked as an assistant football coach at the University of Kentucky and the University of Toledo. He died at the age of 84, on February 5, 2007, in Bellevue, Ohio.

Catlettsburg, Kentucky
Catlettsburg is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Boyd County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 1,780 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area.
Polog Statistical Region
The Polog Statistical Region (Macedonian: Полошки Регион, romanized: Pološki Region; Albanian: Rajoni i Pollogut) is one of eight statistical regions of the Republic of North Macedonia. Polog, located in the northwestern part of the country, borders Albania and Kosovo. Internally, it borders the Southwestern and Skopje statistical regions.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Manoharpur Sri Ramkrishna High School
Manoharpur Sri Ramkrishna High School, is one of the oldest school, in the village Manoharpur of Chandrakona Block -I in sub-division Ghatal, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India. It is a co-ed Higher Secondary School.

The school follows the course curricula of West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (WBBSE) and West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education (WBCHSE) for Standard 10th and 12th Board examinations respectively.

Paschim Medinipur district
Paschim Medinipur  (English: West Medinipur, alternative spelling Midnapore) district is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal, India. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the partition of Midnapore into Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur. On 4 April 2017, the Jhargram subdivision was upgraded to a district. GDP of West Midnapore district is 12 billion USD.
Bhut, Nawanshahr
Bhut or Bhoot is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) away from the postal head office at Kahma, 5.3 kilometres (3.3 mi) from Banga, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from district headquarters Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 101 kilometres (63 mi) from the state capital of Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, an elected representative of the village.

Banga, India
Banga is a town and Municipal council in the Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab, India. Banga is also one of the sub-division (tehsil) headquarters of the district. Banga is located on Phagwara-Rupnagar section of National Highway 344A (Earlier State Highway 18 of Punjab). It is currently estimated to have a population of about 23,000 and is classified as a class 2 Municipality. The town also incorporates the former village of Jindowal apart from Banga town.
Arrondissement of Montreuil
The arrondissement of Montreuil is an arrondissement of France in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 161 communes. Its population is 110,907 (2021), and its area is 1,327.1 km2 (512.4 sq mi).

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Midland Pullman
The Midland Pullman was the name given to a former express passenger train service operating on British Railways' old Midland Main Line between London St Pancras and Manchester Central via Leicester and Millers Dale. The train completed the journey in 3 hours 15 minutes.

This service is not to be confused with the first Midland Railway Pullman coach introduced in 1874, named "Midland" which was of clerestory roofed design, imported from the Pullman Company in the US and assembled in Derby.

Millers Dale railway station
Millers Dale railway station was in Millers Dale, near Tideswell, in Derbyshire, England. It was opened in 1863 by the Midland Railway on its line from Rowsley, extending the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway. It closed in 1967 and the site is now used as a car park for the Monsal Trail, which follows the trackbed.
Nalyvaiko Uprising
The Nalyvaiko Uprising (Polish: powstanie Nalewajki, Ukrainian: повстання Наливайка) was a Cossack rebellion against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Headed by Severyn Nalyvaiko, it lasted from 1594 to 1596. The second in a long series of Cossack uprisings, the conflict was ultimately won by the Crown of Poland, but two years of warfare and scorched-earth tactics employed by both sides left much of Right-bank Ukraine in ruins.

Krzysztof Kosiński
Krzysztof Kosiński, also known as Kryshtof Kosynsky (Ukrainian: Криштоф Косинський; 1545–1593), was a Polish-Cossack noble from the Podlachia region. He was a colonel of the Registered Cossacks and self-proclaimed hetman. He led two consecutive rebellions against the local Ruthenian nobility, known as the Kosiński uprising.
Rudolf Illovszky
Rudolf Illovszky (21 February 1922 – 23 September 2008) was a Hungarian football player and manager. He was both a player and manager of Vasas SC. He also served as the manager of the Hungary national football team from 1971 to 1974.

A football stadium in Budapest, home to Vasas SC, was named after Illovszky on February 12, 1960.

Illovszky died of pneumonia in Budapest  in 2008, at the age of 86.

Magyar Kupa
The Hungarian Cup (Hungarian: Magyar Kupa, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈkupɒ]), officially known as MOL Magyar Kupa for sponsorship reasons, is the Hungarian cup competition for football clubs. It was started by the Hungarian Football Association, in 1909, eight years after the commencement of the Hungarian League.

Besides all of the professional clubs of Hungary numerous amateur sides take part every year. These have to qualify through local cup competitions.

The most successful participant in the Magyar Kupa has been Ferencváros with 24 wins, followed by local rivals MTK with 12 cups. The current holder is Paks, having won their 1st title in 2024.
Isaac Haddad
Isaac Ḥaddad (Hebrew: יצחק חדאד; died 1755) was a Talmudic scholar from Djerba. He was a pupil of Tzemaḥ ha-Kohen, and was the author of two works, Toledot Yitzḥak, novellæ on Haggadah and Midrashim (Livorno, 1761), and Ḳarne Re'em, novellæ on Rashi's and Mizraḥi's commentaries to the Pentateuch, followed by Zera Yitzḥak, notes on Midrashim (Livorno, 1765).

Djerba
Djerba (/ˈdʒɜːrbə, ˈdʒɛərbə/; Arabic: جربة, romanized: Jirba, IPA: [ˈʒɪrbæ] ⓘ; Italian: Meninge, Girba), also transliterated as Jerba or Jarbah, is a Tunisian island and the largest island of North Africa at 514 square kilometers (198 sq mi), in the Gulf of Gabès, off the coast of Tunisia. Administratively, it is part of Medenine Governorate. The island had a population of 139,544 at the 2004 census, which rose to 163,726 at the 2014 census. Citing its long and unique history, Tunisia has sought UNESCO World Heritage status protections for the island, and, in 2023, Djerba was officially designated a World Heritage Site.
Chewang, Sichuan
Chewang (simplified Chinese: 车辋; traditional Chinese: 車輞; pinyin: Chēwǎng) is a town in Hejiang County, in southeastern Sichuan province, China, located on the eastern (right) bank of the Chishui River (赤水河), located upstream from the county seat, where that river joins the Yangtze, and downstream of Chishui City in Guizhou. As of 2011, it has 1 residential community (社区) and 9 villages under its administration. The town is about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-southwest of the county seat, Hejiang Town (合江镇), but just under 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Chishui City.

Chishui City
Chishui (Chinese: 赤水; pinyin: Chìshǔi) is a county-level city of Guizhou Province, China, bordering Sichuan to the north and west.  It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zunyi.

The city has a total area of 1,801 km2, and in 2020, it had a population of 247,287.

Chishui is famous for its bamboo forestry, the city has around 87,000 hectares (340 sq mi) of bamboo forest coverage. The bamboo is used for paper production and bamboo weaving among others.

In 1935 the Battle of Chishui River took place in the city.
Department of State (Ireland)
A Department of State (Irish: Roinn Stáit) of Ireland is a department or ministry of the Government of Ireland. The head of such a department is a minister termed a Minister of the Government; prior to 1977 such ministers were called Ministers of State, a term now used for junior (non-cabinet) ministers. Most members of the government are Ministers of the Government, though there may occasionally be a minister without portfolio who does not head a department of state. The law regarding the departments of state and ministers of the government is based in the Constitution of Ireland, primarily in Article 28; legislative detail is given in the Ministers and Secretaries Acts 1924 to 2020.

Constitution of Ireland
The Constitution of Ireland (Irish: Bunreacht na hÉireann, pronounced [ˈbˠʊnˠɾˠəxt̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ]) is the fundamental law of Ireland. It asserts the national sovereignty of the Irish people. It guarantees certain fundamental rights, along with a popularly elected non-executive president, a bicameral parliament, a separation of powers and judicial review.

It is the second constitution of the Irish state since independence, replacing the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State. It came into force on 29 December 1937 following a statewide plebiscite held on 1 July 1937. The Constitution may be amended solely by a national referendum. It is the longest continually operating republican constitution within the European Union.
Miss Singapore 1958
Miss Singapore 1958, the first edition of Miss Universe Singapore pageant was held on 24 June 1958 at the Capitol Theatre, Singapore. Out of 32 applicants, it was then cut down to only 14 contestants to compete for the crown and title. A 19-year-old stenographer Marion Faulkner Willis won the title at the end of the event. She then had the rights to represent Singapore in the Miss Universe 1958 pageant in Long Beach, California, United States. She became the second woman to represent Singapore in the Miss Universe pageant after Marjorie Wee, of Malaya in 1954.

Miss Malaya 1954
Miss Malaya 1954, was held on 28 June 1954 at the Capitol Theatre, Singapore. 21 candidates from across Malaya and Singapore and 3 candidates from Sarawak participated in this year's competition. Most of the candidates were nominated by various organisations such as Qantas Boac, Fortune Advertising Ltd., Robinson and Co. Ltd., Malayan Airways, Shewan Tomes and more but individual entries were also welcomed to compete in the pageant. The prizes of the pageant were a free trip to America, a trip to Hong Kong, and a trip either to Penang or Singapore.

Marjorie Wee, a 21-year-old air hostess represented Malayan Airways won the title at the end of the event. Wee was supposed to debut in Miss Universe 1954 as Miss Malaya but due to several reasons she had to represent Singapore instead in the pageant held in Long Beach, California, United States.
Need to Feel Loved
"Need to Feel Loved" is the debut single of English electronic music duo Reflekt, featuring English singer Delline Bass on vocals. Released in February 2005, it reached number 14 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the UK Dance Singles Chart in March 2005. It was featured in the 2005 British-Canadian film It's All Gone Pete Tong.

It's All Gone Pete Tong
It's All Gone Pete Tong is a 2004 British-Canadian mockumentary-drama film about a DJ (Paul Kaye) who goes completely deaf. The title uses a rhyming slang phrase used in Britain from the 1980s (Pete Tong = "wrong"), referring to the BBC Radio 1 DJ Pete Tong who cameos in the film. English singer Gary Haisman was behind the popular clubbing phrase "It’s all gone Pete Tong," which later inspired the title of the film.

It won two awards at the US Comedy Arts Festival for Best Feature and Best Actor (Kaye) and swept the Gen Art Film Festival awards (Grand Jury and Audience). It was filmed on location in Ibiza and shot entirely in HD.

Ibiza locations used in the movie include the music venues Pacha, Amnesia, Privilege, DC10 and the historic Pike's Hotel and Cala Llonga beach.