hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of civil marriage in the United States
Many laws in the history of the United States have addressed marriage and the rights of married people.  Common themes addressed by these laws include polygamy, interracial marriage, divorce, and same-sex marriage.

Interracial marriage
Interracial marriage is a marriage involving spouses who belong to different "races" or racialized ethnicities.

In the past, such marriages were outlawed in certain U.S. states, Nazi Germany and apartheid-era South Africa as miscegenation (Latin: 'mixing types') — a term which first appeared in Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White Man and Negro, a hoax anti-abolitionist pamphlet published in 1864. Even in 1960, interracial marriage was forbidden by law in 31 U.S. states.

It became legal throughout the United States in 1967, following the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States under Chief Justice Earl Warren in the case Loving v. Virginia, which ruled that race-based restrictions on marriages, such as the anti-miscegenation law in the state of Virginia, violated the Equal Protection Clause (adopted in 1868) of the United States Constitution.
Olmeius
The Olmeius  or Olmeios (Ancient Greek: Ὀλμειός) was a stream rising in Mount Helicon, which, after uniting with the Permessus, flowed into Lake Copais near Haliartus. William Martin Leake, visiting the site in the 19th century, regarded the Kefalári as the Permessus, and the river of Zagará (modern Evangelistria] as the Olmeius.

William Martin Leake
William Martin Leake FRS (14 January 1777 – 6 January 1860) was an English soldier, spy, topographer, diplomat, antiquarian, writer, and Fellow of the Royal Society. He served in the British Army, spending much of his career in the Mediterranean seaports. He developed an interest in geography and culture of the regions visited, and authored a number of works, mainly about Greece.
Neesiochloa
Neesiochloa is a genus of Brazilian plants in the grass family. The only known species is Neesiochloa barbata. It is native to eastern Brazil (Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí).

The genus name of Neesiochloa is in honour of Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858), a prolific German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. The Latin specific epithet of barbata refers to "barba" meaning bearded.

Piauí
Piauí (/pjaʊˈiː/, pyow-EE; pronounced [pi.aˈwi] or [pjaˈwi] ⓘ) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the country's Northeast Region. The state has 1.6% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.7% of the Brazilian GDP.

Piauí has the shortest coastline of any coastal Brazilian state at 66 km (41 mi), and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the northeast to be located inland. The reason for this is, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí was first colonised inland and slowly expanded towards the ocean, rather than the other way around. In the southeast of the state, the National Park of Serra da Capivara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park has more than 400 archaeological sites and the largest concentration of rock paintings in the world, in a landscape dominated by canyons and caatinga.
Majang language
The Majang language is spoken by the Majangir people of Ethiopia. Although it is a member of the Surmic language cluster, it is the most isolated one in the group (Fleming 1983).  A language survey has shown that dialect variation from north to south is minor and does not seriously impede communication. The 2007 Ethiopian Census lists 6,433 speakers for Majang (Messengo), but also reports that the ethnic group consists of 32,822 individuals (Messengo and Mejengir). According to the census, almost no speakers can be found in Mezhenger Zone of Gambela Region; a total of eleven speakers are listed for the zone, but almost 10,000 ethnic Mejenger or Messengo people.

Language survey
A language survey is conducted around the world for a variety of reasons.

Measuring people's ability to speak and understand another language (usually community based, not school based) (multilingualism)

studying people's attitudes about different languages

evaluating the differences and similarities in speech of communities that speak related speech forms, noting comprehension or collecting details of linguistic form (dialectology)

assessing the vitality of languages that may be disappearing (language death)

doing initial descriptions of languages in areas that are linguistically undescribed
INS Sunayna
INS Sunayna is the second Saryu-class patrol vessel of the Indian Navy, designed and constructed indigenously by the Goa Shipyard Limited. It is designed to undertake fleet support operations, coastal and offshore patrolling, ocean surveillance and monitoring of sea lines of communications and offshore assets and escort duties.

Victoria, Seychelles
Victoria is the capital and largest city of Seychelles, situated on the north-eastern side of Mahé, the archipelago's main island. The city was first established as the seat of the British colonial government. In 2022, the Central region, comprising nine administrative districts within and around the capital, accounted for 30,145 (~30%) of the country's total population of 102,612.
The port is known as Port Victoria.
Tiqets
Tiqets is an online service for booking tickets to museums, heritage sites, and attractions, such as the Van Gogh Museum, Sagrada Família, and Vatican Museums. It was established in Amsterdam in late 2013. The platform works in over 60 countries and offers mobile apps for iOS and Android.

Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑŋˈɣɔx mʏˌzeːjʏm]) is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opened on 2 June 1973, and its buildings were designed by Gerrit Rietveld and Kisho Kurokawa.

The museum contains the largest collection of Van Gogh's paintings and drawings in the world. In 2017, the museum had 2.3 million visitors and was the most-visited museum in the Netherlands, and the 23rd-most-visited art museum in the world. In 2019, the Van Gogh Museum launched the Meet Vincent Van Gogh Experience, a technology-driven "immersive exhibition" on Van Gogh's life and works, which has toured globally.
German military rifles
The evolution of German military rifles is a history of common and diverse paths followed by the separate German states, until the mid-19th century when Prussia emerged as the dominant state within Germany and the nation was unified. This article discusses rifled shoulder arms developed in or for the military of the states that later became Germany; it excludes firearms of the Austrian Empire, except where they were used substantially by German troops.

There was also a period in the late 20th century when Germany was again divided and the two nations had separate armies and weapons, in "Cold War" opposition. The various rifles used during this period are displayed here, identified by either East German or West German usage.

Gas-operated reloading
Gas-operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate locked breech, autoloading firearms. In gas-operation, a portion of high-pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is used to power a mechanism to dispose of the spent case and insert a new cartridge into the chamber. Energy from the gas is harnessed through either a port in the barrel or a trap at the muzzle. This high-pressure gas impinges on a surface such as a piston head to provide motion for unlocking of the action, extraction of the spent case, ejection, cocking of the hammer or striker, chambering of a fresh cartridge, and locking of the action.
Sanajeh
Sanajeh (meaning "ancient gape" in Sanskrit) is a genus of late Cretaceous madtsoiid snake from western India. A fossil described in 2010 from the Lameta Formation was found coiled around an egg and an adjacent skeleton of a 50 cm (19 in) long sauropod dinosaur hatchling. This suggests that the snake preyed on hatchling sauropods at nesting sites.

2010 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2010.
Faculty of Law, University of Buenos Aires
The Faculty of Law (Spanish: Facultad de Derecho) is a faculty of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA), the largest university in Argentina. It was founded alongside the university in 1821, and has consistently remained one of its largest constituent schools, presently counting with 23,790 enrolled graduate students. At the graduate level, it offers law degrees as well as legal translation and forensic calligraphy degrees, in addition to the professorship on judicial sciences.

Among its alumni, the UBA Faculty of Law counts 16 Argentine presidents, as well as one of Argentina's five Nobel Prize laureates, Carlos Saavedra Lamas.

The faculty has its seat at a Neoclassical complex on Avenida Figueroa Alcorta, in the Recoleta district of Buenos Aires. The building was inaugurated in 1949, and has become a landmark of the city. It is served by the Buenos Aires Underground through Facultad de Derecho station of Line H.

President of Argentina
The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Throughout Argentine history, the office of head of state has undergone many changes, both in its title as in its features and powers. The current president Javier Milei was sworn into office on 10 December 2023. He succeeded Alberto Fernández.

The constitution of Argentina, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, the term of office and the method of election.
Yale Daily News
The Yale Daily News is a student newspaper published by students at Yale University, an Ivy League university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States since 1878. It is the oldest independent college daily newspaper in the United States.

ProPublica
ProPublica, Inc. (/proʊˈpʌblɪkə/), is a nonprofit investigative journalism organization based in New York City. ProPublica's investigations are conducted by its staff of full-time reporters, and the resulting stories are distributed to news partners for publication or broadcast. In some cases, reporters from both ProPublica and its partners work together on a story. ProPublica has partnered with more than 90 different news organizations and has won several Pulitzer Prizes.

In 2010, ProPublica became the first online news source to win a Pulitzer Prize; the story chronicled the urgent life-and-death decisions made by one hospital's exhausted doctors when they were cut off by the floodwaters of Hurricane Katrina, and it was published both in the New York Times Magazine and on ProPublica's website.
Kendal Park
Kendal Park or Hullbridge Foreshore is a 2.8 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Hullbridge in Essex. It is owned by Rochford District Council and managed by Hullbridge Parish Council.

The site has a wildflower meadow, coppiced woodland, grassland and a pond. Flowers in the meadow include hoary cress, charlock and ox-eye daisy, and there are many species of butterflies. The woodland has birds such as dunnock and song thrushes.

There is access from Ferry Road.

Rhamphospermum arvense
Rhamphospermum arvense, (syns. Brassica arvensis and Sinapis arvensis) the charlock, sometimes also called field mustard, wild mustard, or charlock mustard, is an annual or winter annual plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is found in the fields of North Africa, Asia, Europe, and some other areas where it has been transported and naturalised. Pieris rapae, the small white butterfly, and Pieris napi, the green veined white butterfly, are significant consumers of charlock during their larval stages.
Khedive
Khedive (/kəˈdiːv/ kə-DEEV; Ottoman Turkish: خدیو, romanized: hidiv; borrowed from Persian: خدیو, romanized: xædīv) was an honorific title of Classical Persian origin used for the sultans and grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, but most famously for the viceroy of Egypt from 1805 to 1914.

It is attested in Persian poetry from the 10th century and was used as an Ottoman honorific from the 16th. It was borrowed into Ottoman Turkish directly from Persian. It was first used in Egypt, without official recognition, by Muhammad Ali Pasha, the ethnically Albanian governor of Ottoman Egypt and Turco-Egyptian Sudan from 1805 to 1848. The initially self-declared title was officially recognized by the Ottoman government in 1867 and used subsequently by Isma'il Pasha of Egypt and his dynastic successors until 1914. The term entered Arabic in Egypt in the 1850s.

Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.
Heroes & Friends
Heroes & Friends is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released on August 31, 1990, by Warner Records. Except for the title track (which is reprised at the end), every song on this album is a duet with another recording artist. "A Few Ole Country Boys" (a duet with George Jones) and the title track were both released as singles from this album, peaking at numbers 8 and 3, respectively, on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1990.

"We're Strangers Again" was originally recorded by Merle Haggard and Leona Williams on their 1983 album Heart to Heart. The version here, a duet between Travis and Tammy Wynette, was later included on Wynette's Best Loved Hits album, from which it was released as a single in late 1991.

Leona Williams
Leona Belle Helton (born January 7, 1943, in Vienna, Missouri, United States) is an American country music singer known professionally as Leona Williams. Active since 1958, Williams has been a backing musician for Loretta Lynn and Merle Haggard and The Strangers. She also charted eight times on Hot Country Songs, with her only Top 40 hit being a duet with Haggard titled "The Bull and the Beaver."
Sandy Gilliam
Roosevelt "Sandy" Gilliam Jr. (1932 – May 16, 2014) was an American football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at Maryland State College—now known as the University of Maryland Eastern Shore—from 1964 to 1968. A Union, South Carolina native, Gilliam was a scout for the Denver Broncos of the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) from 1969 to 1973.

University of Maryland Eastern Shore
The University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) is a public historically black land-grant research university in Princess Anne, Maryland. It is part of the University System of Maryland. It is classified among "Research Colleges and Universities". It was established as Delaware Conference Academy. It has also been known as Princess Anne Academy and other names during its evolution.
John Kim (professor)
Jeongbin John Kim (born 1947) is the Rockwell International Distinguished Professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering in the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, since 1993. He currently resides in Calabasas, California.

UCLA Samueli School of Engineering
The UCLA Samueli School of Engineering is the engineering school of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). It opened as the College of Engineering in 1945 and was renamed the School of Engineering in 1969.

Since its initial enrollment of 379 students, the school has grown to approximately 6,500 students. The school offers 28 degree programs and is home to eight externally funded interdisciplinary research centers, including those in space exploration, wireless sensor systems, and nanotechnology.
Maadathy
Maadathy: An Unfairy Tale is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language folklore drama film directed by Leena Manimekalai. The film stars Ajmina Kassim, Patrick Raj, Semmalar Annam and Arul Kumar in the lead roles.

The film premiered at the 2019 Busan International Film Festival, where it received positive critical response. The film later got released in the OTT platform Neestream globally on  24, June 2021.

Leena Manimekalai
Leena Manimekalai is an Indian filmmaker, poet and an actor. Her works include five published poetry anthologies and several films in genres, documentary, fiction and experimental poem films. She has been recognised with participation, mentions and best film awards in many international and national film festivals.
Tuff Enuff
Tuff Enuff is a 1986 studio album by Texas-based blues rock band the Fabulous Thunderbirds, which pointed the band in a more mainstream direction. The single "Tuff Enuff" was featured in the films Gung Ho and Tough Guys, as was the follow-up single "Wrap It Up". It has also been played a number of times on the sitcom Married... with Children. "Tuff Enuff" remains the band's only Top 40 hit, peaking at No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Gung Ho (film)
Gung Ho (released in Australia and New Zealand as Working Class Man) is a 1986 American comedy film directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton. The story portrays the takeover of an American car plant by a Japanese corporation (although the title phrase is an Americanized Chinese term). A short-lived television series based on the film, followed in December 1986.
Kayts Electoral District
Kayts Electoral District was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the island of Kayts in Jaffna District, Northern Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Kayts electoral district was replaced by the Jaffna multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Kayts continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Northern Province, Sri Lanka
The Northern Province (Tamil: வட மாகாணம் Vaṭa Mākāṇam; Sinhala: උතුරු පළාත Uturu Paḷāta) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 8,884 km2, making it the 3rd largest province by area, and a population of 1,150,148 making it the least populated province. Jaffna is the capital city of the province.

Between 1988 and 2006, the province was temporarily merged with the Eastern Province into one province, the North Eastern Province. Due to its large Tamil population, the Northern Province is sometimes referred to as "Sri Lanka's Tamil country". The majority of the fighting in the Sri Lankan Civil War took place in the Northern province.
Columbia Lions fencing
The Columbia Lions fencing team is the intercollegiate fencing team for Columbia University located in Manhattan, New York City. The team competes in the Ivy League within Division I of the NCAA. The university first fielded a team in 1898, under the leadership of coach James Murray. The team is currently coached by Michael Aufrichtig.

The Blue Gym (or University Gym) is home to the Columbia Lion fencing team, located within the Dodge Physical Fitness Center on campus.

Columbia Lions
The Columbia University Lions are the collective athletic teams and their members from Columbia University, an Ivy League institution in New York City, United States. The current director of athletics is Peter Pilling.
Mesoceras
Mesoceras is a mid Silurian discosorid from central Europe named by Barrande in 1877, with a short, anteriorly contracted body chamber and an aperture that is a long transverse slit. (Teichert 1964). The cross section is slightly oval with the dorso-ventral dimension slightly less than the lateral. Sutures are straight and transverse, the siphuncle is subcentral.

The relationship of Mesoceras to the other discosorids is unclear (Teichert 1964) but it is most likely derived from the Mandeloceratidae (Flower and Teichert 1957, Teichert 1964), perhaps from Ovacerina

Suture (anatomy)
In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

Sutures are found in the skeletons or exoskeletons of a wide range of animals, in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Sutures are found in animals with hard parts from the Cambrian period to the present day. Sutures were and are formed by several different methods, and they exist between hard parts that are made from several different materials.
Mark Romanczuk
Mark J. Romanczuk represented the United States in numerous international baseball tournaments.

He was born September 24, 1983, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

He won a silver medal for the nation's national team in the 2003 Pan American Games. In the 2004 World University Baseball Championship, he won a gold medal.

Romanczuk also won the Louisville Slugger Freshman of the Year award in 2003, alongside pitcher Glen Perkins, catcher Jeff Clement and pitcher Stephen Head, while a pitcher at Stanford University. He played four seasons professionally after being drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 4th round of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft. He was 12–17 with a 5.14 ERA in 71 pro games.

In 2016 he was inducted into the Delaware Sports Hall of Fame.

Glen Perkins
Glen Weston Perkins (born March 2, 1983) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and a television analyst. He played his entire career in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins.

He made his major league debut with the Minnesota Twins in 2006. Perkins attended the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis–St. Paul and Stillwater Area High School in Oak Park Heights. Perkins earned his first major league win on May 20, 2008, against the Texas Rangers.
Ricardo Ramírez (footballer)
Ricardo Alberto Ramírez (5 April 1973 – 1 May 2021) was an Argentine professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Racing Club, Sportivo Italiano, San Martín de San Juan, Juventud Antoniana, Estudiantes de Buenos Aires and Berazategui.

He died at age 48 due to COVID-19 related respiratory complications.

San Martín de San Juan
Club Atlético San Martín, mostly known as San Martín de San Juan, is an Argentine football club from the city of San Juan. The team currently plays in the Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

It was founded on 27 September 1907 and is considered the best club of the San Juan Province.