hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bybee (surname)
Bybee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ariel Bybee (born 1943), American mezzo-soprano with a distinguished career as a soloist, voice teacher and university opera director

Jay Bybee (born 1953), federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals

Joan Bybee (born 1945), American linguist

Ariel Bybee
Ariel Bybee (January 9, 1943 – March 20, 2018) was a mezzo-soprano who has had a distinguished career as a soloist, voice teacher and university opera director.  According to Opera News (June 2000), she was "a prominent mezzo at the Metropolitan Opera for eighteen seasons." She sang over 460 performances at the Metropolitan Opera.

Bybee received a bachelor's degree from Brigham Young University in 1965. She later took advanced musical studies in New York where one of her voice teachers was Cornelius L. Reid. Bybee was an alumna of the Music Academy of the West where she attended in 1969.

Bybee was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and has soloed with the Tabernacle Choir. At the 2001 dedication of the Winter Quarters, Nebraska Temple Bybee sang a solo.
Large Combustion Plant Directive
The Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD, 2001/80/EC) is a European Union directive which required member states of the European Union to legislatively limit flue gas emissions from combustion plant having thermal capacity of 50 MW or greater.

Flue gas
Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases, as from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. It often refers to the exhaust gas of combustion at power plants. Technology is available to remove pollutants from flue gas at power plants.

Combustion of fossil fuels is a common source of flue gas. They are usually combusted with ambient air, with the largest part of the flue gas from most fossil-fuel combustion being nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
2019 Speedway Grand Prix
The 2019 Speedway Grand Prix season was the 25th season of the Speedway Grand Prix era, and decided the 74th FIM Speedway World Championship. It was the nineteenth series under the promotion of Benfield Sports International, an IMG company.

The title was won by Bartosz Zmarzlik, who beat debutant Leon Madsen by two points with Russia's Emil Sayfutdinov finishing third. Zmarzlik became the third Polish world champion after Jerzy Szczakiel won in 1973 and Tomasz Gollob took the title in 2010. Defending champion Tai Woffinden's season was hampered by injury and he finished in 13th place.

IMG (company)
IMG, originally known as the International Management Group, is a global sports, fashion, events and media company headquartered in New York City. The company manages athletes and fashion celebrities; owns, operates and commercially represents live events; and is an independent producer and distributor of sports and entertainment media.
Timeline of Jerusalem
This is a timeline of major events in the history of Jerusalem; a city that has been fought over sixteen times over millennia. During its history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times.

Chronology
Chronology (from Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρόνος, chrónos, 'time'; and -λογία, -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as in a timeline or other sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".

Chronology is a part of periodization. It is also a part of the discipline of history including earth history, the earth sciences, and study of the geologic time scale.
Svitlana Bondarenko
Svitlana Bondarenko (Ukrainian: Світлана Бондаренко; born 12 August 1971 in Zaporizhzhia) is a former international breaststroke swimmer from Ukraine. She swam at three Olympics (1996, 2000 and 2004), multiple World Championships and European Championships, and several other meets during her international career from 1991 to 2010.

In the 1990s, she was the silver-medalist in the 100 Breaststroke at every European Championships (1991, 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999), and also won silver in the 200 Breaststroke in 1995. At the 1995 Short Course Worlds, she garnered silver medals in both breaststroke events (100 and 200).

In the 2000s, at the 2004 European Championships, she won the 100 Breaststroke.

Bondarenko was the oldest contender at the 2010 European Championships.

1993 European Aquatics Championships
The 1993 European Aquatics Championships were held in Sheffield, United Kingdom from Tuesday 3 August to Sunday 8 August, in the 50 m pool of the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre. The 21st edition of the event was organised by the LEN.

Besides swimming there were titles contested in open water swimming, diving, synchronised swimming (women) and water polo. The open water competition though was held in Slapy, Czech Republic from 28 to 29 August, while the women's water polo tournament was played in Leeds.

The swimming championships resulted in one world and one European record: Károly Güttler improved the world's best time in the qualifying heats of the men's 100 m breaststroke, while Franziska van Almsick bettered the continental's best time in the women's 100 m freestyle. Star swimmer at this meet was Krisztina Egerszegi, winning four gold medals for Hungary.
Patrick Obi Ngoddy
Patrick Obi Ngoddy is a Nigerian professor of Food Engineering and Processing at the Faculty of Agriculture University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He is the pioneer head of department of Food Science and Technology, a former dean of faculty of Agriculture and a member of the Nigeria Academy of Science

Food Science and Technology International
Food Science and Technology International is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes scholarly articles in the field of food science. The journal was established in 1995, and is currently published by SAGE Publications in association with the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC).
Manyu sukta
Manyu suktam is hymn 10.83 and 10.84 from the Rigveda. It contains 14 verses and is dedicated to the deity Manyu. Manyu in Vedic Sanskrit stands for anger, temper, or passion. The deity Manyu worshipped in this sukta is visualised in Vaishnavism as the Lord Narasimha, who is victorious over anger, temper, or passion. Other devatas such as Varuna, Indra, and Rudra (Shiva) are also mentioned in this sukta.

The renowned Hindu theologian Madhvacharya quoted Manyu Sukta in the context of Bhima killing Dushasana in the Mahabharata war and said that Bhima invoked Lord Narasimha through this hymn after killing Dushasana. Vaishnava saint Dhirendra Tirtha wrote a commentary on the Manyu Sukta and dedicated it to Lord Narasimha. Indian scholar V. R. Panchamukhi has said, "The commentary Manyu Sūkta by Sri Dhirendratirtha interprets Manyu as Narasimha, the internal controller of Rudra and who is the embodiment of knowledge."

V. R. Panchamukhi
V. R. Panchamukhi (also referred as Vadiraj Panchamukhi, and Vachaspati V. R. Panchamukhi), is an Indian Economist and Sanskrit scholar. He was born on September 17, 1936, in Dharwad, Karnataka. He is the eldest son of Vidyaratna Shri R. S. Panchamukhi, an archaeologist and indologist and Sanskrit Scholar. V. R. Panchamukhi has been honored with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award, for his contributions to the literature and education on 26 January 2025 by the Government of India.
Mahindra Roxor
The Mahindra Roxor is a 4x4 off-road utility vehicle assembled by Mahindra Automotive North America (MANA) since 2018. It is based on a variant of the Mahindra Thar, produced and sold in the Indian market since 2010. Mahindra has made Jeep-like off-road vehicles since a 1947 contract with Willys to build them for the Indian market.

The Roxor was announced in November 2017 and began sales on March 2, 2018. In the United States, it is classified as an off-highway side-by-side (SxS). The Roxor is assembled at Mahindra's factory in Auburn Hills, Michigan, and is sold across the U.S. and Canada.

Utility vehicle
A utility vehicle (UV) is a vehicle, generally motorized, that is designed to carry out a specific task with more efficacy than a passenger vehicle. It sometimes refers to a small truck with low sides.
Jensenobotrya
Jensenobotrya lossowiana is the only species of genus Jensenobotrya, in the family Aizoaceae. It is a succulent plant endemic to Namibia. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It grows at Dolphin Head in Spencer Bay where it obtains moisture from the saline mists. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Jensenobotrya is named after Emil Jensen and the Greek βότρυς - botrys (bunch of grapes), because the leaves look like grapes. The vernacular name druiwetrosvygie means 'bunch of grapes mesemb'.

Grape cluster
In viticulture, the grape cluster (also bunch of grapes) is a fertilized inflorescence of the grapevine, the primary part of this plant used for food (grape leaves are also used in some culinary traditions). The size of the grape bunch greatly varies, from few grams to kilograms, depending on the grape variety and conditions during the fruit set.
European banking crisis of 1931
The European banking crisis of 1931 was a major episode of financial instability that peaked with the collapse of several major banks in Austria and Germany, including Creditanstalt on 11 May 1931, Landesbank der Rheinprovinz on 11 July 1931, and Danat-Bank on 13 July 1931. It triggered Germany's exit from the gold standard on 15 July 1931, followed by the UK on 19 September 1931, and extensive losses in the U.S. financial system that contributed to the Great Depression.

The causes of the crisis included a complex mix of financial, fiscal, macroeconomic, political, and international imbalances that have sparked a lively debate in historiography.

Harold James (historian)
Harold James (born 19 January 1956 in Bedford, United Kingdom) is an economic historian specialising in the history of Germany and European economic history. He is a Professor of History at Princeton University as well as the university's Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. He currently writes monthly columns for Project Syndicate covering economic history. He is also a senior fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation.
Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package
The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) is a science payload on board the InSight lander that features instruments to study the heat flow and other thermal properties of Mars. One of the instruments, a burrowing probe nicknamed "the mole", was designed to penetrate 5 m (16 ft) below Mars' surface. In March 2019, the mole burrowed a few centimeters, but then became unable to make progress due to various factors. In the following year further attempts were made to resolve the issues, with little net progress. On January 14, 2021, it was announced that efforts to drill into the martian surface using the device had been terminated.

HP3 was provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The hammering mechanism inside the mole was designed by the Polish company Astronika and the Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences under contract and in cooperation with DLR.

The Principal Investigator is Tilman Spohn from the German Aerospace Center.

German Aerospace Center
The German Aerospace Center (German: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR, literally German Center for Air- and Space-flight) is the national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research of Germany, founded in 1969. It is headquartered in Cologne with 35 locations throughout Germany. The DLR is engaged in a wide range of research and development projects in national and international partnerships.

The DLR acts as the German space agency and is responsible for planning and implementing the German space programme on behalf of the German federal government. As a project management agency, DLR coordinates and answers the technical and organisational implementation of projects funded by a number of German federal ministries. As of 2020, the German Aerospace Center had a national budget of €1.348 billion.
2015 Siirt bombing
2015 Siirt bombing was a bombing targeting an armoured vehicle with personnels of Turkish Gendarmerie in it in Şirvan - Pervari road of Siirt Province on 19 August 2015, around 14:10 with a bomb that was placed on the road several hours before the detonation. 8 people died and 1 was injured as a result of the attack. No one has claimed responsibility, but Turkish government has blamed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) for the attack.

Şirvan, Siirt
Şirvan (Arabic: شروان, Syriac: ܫܝܪܘܢ, romanized: Sherwan, Kurdish: Kufra, Şêrvan, Armenian: Քուֆրա, romanized: Qufra) is a municipality in the Şirvan District of Siirt Province in southeastern Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Silokan and Sturkiyan tribes and had a population of 3,958 in 2021.
Zeidane Ould Hmeida
Zeidane Ould Hmeida (born in 1955) is a Mauritanian politician and former Minister of Oil and Energy.

He was appointed Minister of Industry and Mines on November 4, 2001, by President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya. On March 29, 2005, he was appointed Minister of Oil and Energy, a new portfolio. Following Taya's fall from power in August 2005, Ould Hmeida lost his ministerial position and was arrested for alleged 'economic crimes'.

Since May 13, 2014, he has served as a presidential Advisor, under both Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz and current head of state Mohamed Ould Ghazouani.

He retired in 2020.

Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Ould Taya (born 28 November 1941) is a Mauritanian military officer and politician who served as the President of Mauritania from 1984 to 2005. He also served as the fifth Prime minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1992 except for a brief period in 1984.

Born in Atar, French West Africa, Ould Taya studied at Franco-Arab school and then French military school. He participated in the Western Sahara War against the Polisario Front. Ould Taya was appointed Chief of the Army staff in July 1980 and then as Prime minister in April 1981 after an unsuccessful coup attempt against Mohamed Haidalla.

Having come to power through a bloodless military coup, he won the 2003 elections and was ousted by a military coup in 2005. During his presidency, he pursued policies of Arab nationalism and deepening ties with the United States. He established close relations with Saddam Hussein of Iraq and had a pro-Iraqi stance on the Gulf War.
Variational quantum eigensolver
In quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm for quantum chemistry, quantum simulations and optimization problems. It is a hybrid algorithm that uses both classical computers and quantum computers to find the ground state of a given physical system. Given a guess or ansatz, the quantum processor calculates the expectation value of the system with respect to an observable, often the Hamiltonian, and a classical optimizer is used to improve the guess. The algorithm is based on the variational method of quantum mechanics.

It was originally proposed in 2014, with corresponding authors Alberto Peruzzo, Alán Aspuru-Guzik and Jeremy O'Brien. The algorithm has also found applications in quantum machine learning and has been further substantiated by general hybrid algorithms between quantum and classical computers. It is an example of a noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithm.

Alán Aspuru-Guzik
Alán Aspuru-Guzik is a professor of chemistry, computer science, chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Toronto. He is also Senior Director of Quantum Chemistry, NVIDIA.  His research group, the matter lab, studies quantum chemistry, AI for chemical and materials discovery, quantum computing and self-driving chemical. He is the co-founder of Kebotix, a company focused on automated chemical and material discovery.  He previously cofounded  Zapata Computing, which temporarily closed in 2024, and has since been undergoing restructuring.
Norman Aviation Nordic 8 Mini Explorer
The Norman Aviation Nordic 8 Mini Explorer is a Canadian ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by Norman Aviation of Saint-Anselme, Quebec. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Norman Aviation
Norman Aviation is a Canadian aircraft manufacturer originally based in Lévis, Quebec and now in Saint-Anselme, Quebec. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of steel tube and wood ultralight aircraft on a custom basis.

The company was founded by and is currently owned by Jacques Norman, to produce his designs and those of other designers. All his aircraft utilize 4130 steel tube fuselage construction and wooden wings, with the whole aircraft covered in doped aircraft fabric.
ICAM-1
ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a / CD18, or CD11b / CD18 and is also exploited by rhinovirus as a receptor for entry into respiratory epithelium.

LYN
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LYN gene.

Lyn is a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases, which is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells, in neural tissues liver, and adipose tissue. In various hematopoietic cells, Lyn has emerged as a key enzyme involved in the regulation of cell activation. In these cells, a small amount of LYN is associated with cell surface receptor proteins, including the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), CD40, or CD19. The abbreviation Lyn is derived from Lck/Yes novel tyrosine kinase, Lck and Yes also being members of the Src kinase family.
Nannienus
Nannienus (also Nannenus, or Naniemus, Nanninus), (c. 350 AD), was a late Roman military commander in the Western Roman Empire.

In 370, as Comes rei militaris under the Emperor Valentinian I he fought the Saxons. In 378, under the Emperor Gratian, together with the comes domesticorum Mallobaudes, he defeated the Lentienses, a group of Alamanni, at the Battle of Argentovaria. It is suggested that at this time he may have been comes utriusque Germaniae, since he was of the same rank as Mallobaudes. It is also conjectured that he was the magister militum Nanninus who served the Emperor Magnus Maximus, defeated the Franks, and served as guardian of Magnus' son Flavius Victor.

Valentinian I
Valentinian I (Latin: Valentinianus; 321 – 17 November 375), sometimes known as Valentinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 364 to 375. He is the second-last emperor to govern the empire as a whole, albeit he only did so from February 26th to March 28th of 364, after which he appointed Valens to rule over the Eastern half the empire, while he remained in control of the West. During his reign, he fought successfully against the Alamanni, Quadi, and Sarmatians, strengthening the border fortifications and conducting campaigns across the Rhine and Danube. Also, his general Theodosius the Elder defeated a revolt in Africa and the Great Conspiracy (a coordinated assault on Roman Britain by Picts, Scoti, and Saxons). Valentinian founded the Valentinian dynasty, with his sons Gratian and Valentinian II succeeding him in the western half of the empire and his daughter Galla marrying emperor Theodosius I.
John Langdon Down
John Langdon Haydon Down (18 November 1828 – 7 October 1896) was a British physician best known for his description of the genetic condition Down syndrome which he originally classified in 1862. He is also noted for his work in social medicine and as a pioneer in the care of mentally disabled patients.

Social medicine
Social medicine is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between socio-economic factors and individual health outcomes. Rooted in the challenges of the Industrial Revolution, it seeks to:

Understand how specific social, economic, and environmental conditions directly impact health, disease, and the delivery of medical care.

Promote conditions and interventions that address these determinants, aiming for a healthier and more equitable society.

Social medicine as a scientific field gradually began in the early 19th century in Europe, during the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent increase in poverty and disease among workers raised concerns about the effect of social processes on the health of the poor. The field of social medicine is most commonly addressed today by efforts to understand what are known as social determinants of health.
Casals (surname)
Casals (Eastern Calatan: [kəˈzals]) is a Catalan surname, the plural form of Casal (house). Notable persons with that surname include:

Marta Casals Istomin (born 1936), wife of Pablo Casals and former president of Manhattan School of Music

Pablo Casals (1876–1973), Catalan cellist and conductor

Rosemary Casals (born 1948), American professional tennis player

Stephen Casals, (born 1968), American artist

Toni Casals Rueda (born 1980), Andorran ski mountaineer

"Sammy Casals", a police detective in the film Heat portrayed by Wes Studi

Wes Studi
Wesley Studi (Cherokee: ᏪᏌ ᏍᏚᏗ; born December 17, 1947) is a Cherokee actor and film producer. He has garnered critical acclaim and awards throughout his career, particularly for his portrayal of Native Americans in film. In 2019, he received an Academy Honorary Award, becoming the first Native American as well as the first Indigenous person from North America to be honored by the academy.

Studi has appeared in Academy Award-winning films, such as Dances with Wolves (1990) and The Last of the Mohicans (1992), and in the Academy Award-nominated films Geronimo: An American Legend (1993) and The New World (2005). He is also known for portraying Sagat in Street Fighter (1994). Other films he has appeared in are Heat, Hostiles, Mystery Men, Avatar, A Million Ways to Die in the West, and the television series Penny Dreadful.

In December 2020, The New York Times ranked him No. 19 in its list of the "25 Greatest Actors of the 21st Century (So Far)".
2006 British National Road Race Championships
The British National Road Race Championships 2006 took place on 24 and 25 June in the Yorkshire town, Beverley. The men's road race saw a new champion, Hamish Haynes but the women's race held no surprises as Nicole Cooke took her seventh victory - her sixth in a row.

Russell Downing
Russell Downing (born 23 August 1978) is an English former professional cyclist, who rode competitively between 1999 and 2019 for numerous teams, such as Team Sky and JLT–Condor. He is the younger brother of fellow cyclist Dean Downing, and both brothers competed largely on the UCI Continental Tour and in British Premier Calendar races.
Pavlovich (surname)
Pavlovich is an anglicized form or transliteration of the Slavic surnames Pavlović/Павловић (Serbo-Croatian) and Pavlovič/Павлович/Паўловіч/Павлович (Slovenian/Russian/Belarusian/Bulgarian). Notable people with the surname include:

Nicolás Pavlovich (born 1978), Argentine footballer

Parteniy Pavlovich (circa 1695 – 1760), Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox bishop

Paul Pavlovich (born 1970), American artist

Veronika Pavlovich (born 1978), Belarusian table tennis player

Viktoria Pavlovich (born 1978), Belarusian table tennis player

Vladislav Pavlovich (born 1971), Russian fencer

Claudia Pavlovich Arellano Former Governor of the Mexican State of Sonora

Pavlović noble family, served the Kingdom of Bosnia (1391–1463)

Sergei Pavlovich (born 1992), Russian professional mixed martial artist

Aleksandar Pavlović (footballer) (born 2004), Serbian-German football player

Aleksandar Pavlović (footballer)
Aleksandar Pavlović (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Павловић; born 3 May 2004) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the Germany national team.