hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Budo Renshu
Budo Renshu (武道練習, Budō Renshū, lit. "budo practice") is a technical manual describing 166 techniques of the martial art of aikido. It was written by aikido's founder, Morihei Ueshiba and his student Kenji Tomiki, and illustrated by Takako Kunigoshi.

Budo Renshu was published in 1933, and thus details Ueshiba's pre-war aikido techniques, when the art he was teaching was essentially Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu. The book was only produced in small quantities, and was made available to selected students at the Kobukan Dojo, to whom it was presented as a teaching licence.

Kenji Tomiki
Kenji Tomiki (富木 謙治, Tomiki Kenji; March 15, 1900 – December 25, 1979) was a Japanese martial artist who specialized in aikido and judo family of martial arts. He was a pedagogue of martial arts theory (武道論, Budo-ron). He is the founder of Japan Aikido Association and the competitive aikido (aikido kyogi) style.

Tomiki was a professor at Kenkoku University in Manchuria and later at the Faculty of Education at Waseda University. Tomiki is credited in devising and introducing new forms of Randori practice in Aikido. He founded his own Aikido system, which has many differences from other Aikido styles, mainly in randori training, and is referred by several names including Tomiki Aikido, Shodokan Aikido and Sport Aikido.
1921–22 Lancashire Cup
The 1921–22 Lancashire Cup competition, the fourteenth contest for this regional rugby league competition, saw a new name on the trophy, Warrington. They beat Oldham in the final at The Cliff, Broughton, Salford  by a score of 7–5. The final was watched by 18,000 and receipts were £1,200.

Broughton, Salford
Broughton is a suburb and district of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. Located on the east bank of the River Irwell, it is 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Manchester and 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Prestwich.

Historically in Lancashire, the former manor house, Broughton Hall, belonged to the Chethams and the Stanleys, both distinguished local families, and later passed, by marriage, to the Clowes family. Part of Broughton was amalgamated into the Municipal Borough of Salford in 1844, and the remaining area in 1853.

In the 21st century, parts of Lower Broughton and Higher Broughton have been redeveloped with a mixture of town houses and flats. Together with neighbouring Whitefield, Prestwich and Crumpsall, Broughton is home to a large Jewish community.
277 Fifth Avenue
277 Fifth (also called 281 Fifth Avenue) is a condominium tower in Manhattan, New York City designed by architect Rafael Viñoly. The building rises 55 stories and contains 130 residential condominiums. It is tied with two other buildings, One Grand Central Place and the Barclay Tower as the 94th tallest building in New York at 209 meters. It has been compared to another building of Viñoly's, 432 Park Avenue.

Barclay Tower
The Barclay Tower is a skyscraper located in the Tribeca neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The residential building rises 673 feet (205 m) above street level, containing 56 floors and 441 rental units. It is tied with One Grand Central Place as the 81st tallest building in New York. The building was erected from 2005 to 2007 and had a topping out ceremony in late 2006.

The land that the building is standing on was formerly occupied by numerous five-story business buildings, including the Pearl Desk Company structure at 10 Barclay Street.
Charles Darwin Trust
The Charles Darwin Trust is a British educational charity. 
The trust was founded in 1999 by Stephen Keynes.
The trust was part of a campaign with other organizations to back the bid to make Down House a World Heritage Site.

Down House
Down House is the former home of the English naturalist Charles Darwin and his family. It was in this house and garden that Darwin worked on his theory of evolution by natural selection, which he had conceived in London before moving to Down.

The Grade I listed building stands in Luxted Road, one-quarter mile (400 m) south of Downe, a village 14+1⁄4 miles (23 km) south-east of London's Charing Cross. The village was known as Down when Darwin moved there in 1842. In his day, Downe was a parish in Kent. Since 1965, it has lain within the London Borough of Bromley.

The house, garden and grounds are in the guardianship of English Heritage. They have been restored and are open to the public.
La Mouette SR 210
The La Mouette SR 210 is a French paramotor that was designed and produced by La Mouette of Fontaine-lès-Dijon for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Fontaine-lès-Dijon
Fontaine-lès-Dijon (French pronunciation: [fɔ̃tɛn lɛ diʒɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
It is known for the Couvent et Basilique Saint-Bernard, a collection of buildings on the site of the birthplace of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux.
Phil O'Keeffe
Disambiguation: the geographer Phil O'Keefe

Phillip O'Keeffe (born 17 December 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1989. He was recruited from the East Ballarat Football Club in the Ballarat Football League.

O'Keeffe later played for Werribee in the Victorian Football Association. He was ordered off in the final quarter of the 1991 Grand Final, after assaulting Dandenong's Ian Atkinson, leaving him with a severely broken jaw; it was considered one of the turning points of the Grand Final, which Werribee lost by nine points. He later played for Williamstown.

Werribee Football Club
The Werribee Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is an Australian rules football club based in the suburb of Werribee. The club was formed in 1964 and currently plays in the Victorian Football League (VFL). It is the western-most Melbourne-based VFL club as of 2021.
Saanich North and the Islands
Saanich North and the Islands is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the northern suburbs of the provincial capital, Victoria, and includes the southern Gulf Islands.

Saanich North and the Islands was created by 1990 legislation dividing the previous two-member district of Saanich and the Islands which came into effect for the 1991 BC election.

1991 British Columbia general election
The 1991 British Columbia general election was the 35th provincial election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on September 19, 1991, and held on October 17, 1991.

The New Democratic Party of Mike Harcourt defeated the incumbent Social Credit Party of British Columbia, which had been beset by scandals during Bill Vander Zalm's only term as premier. Liberal Party leader Gordon Wilson surprised observers by leading his party to winning one-third of the votes cast and 23 percent of the seats, and forming the official opposition in the legislature after having held no seats at all since 1979. The new legislature met for the first time on March 17, 1992.

The election was held at the same time as a referendum on recall and initiative. It was also the first British Columbia general election with only single-member districts.
Hrebienok
Hrebienok (Hungarian: Tarajka) is a small ski resort in the Tatra Mountains, in northern Slovakia. It is connected by the Starý Smokovec–Hrebienok funicular to the town of Starý Smokovec, which is in turn part of the Tatra Electric Railway.

Tatra Electric Railway
The Tatra Electric Railway (Slovak: Tatranská elektrická železnica), colloquially Tatra Railway, is an electrified (1500 V DC) single track 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) narrow gauge railway in the Slovak part of the Tatra mountains. It consists of two connected lines:

Poprad – Starý Smokovec – Štrbské Pleso (29,1 km)

Starý Smokovec – Tatranská Lomnica (5,9 km)

At Štrbské Pleso, the railway connects to the Štrbské Pleso–Štrba rack railway.

At Starý Smokovec, the railway connects to the Starý Smokovec–Hrebienok funicular.
Yoell's Copse
Yoell's Copse is a  5.5-hectare (14-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Horndean in Hampshire. It is owned and managed by Horndean Parish Council.

This ancient wood has coppiced mature oak trees and wild service trees. There are uncommon plants such as butcher's-broom and common cow-wheat.

Ruscus aculeatus
Ruscus aculeatus, known as butcher's-broom, 
is a low evergreen dioecious Eurasian shrub, with flat shoots known as cladodes that give the appearance of stiff, spine-tipped leaves. Small greenish flowers appear in spring, and are borne singly in the centre of the cladodes. The female flowers are followed by a red berry, and the seeds are bird-distributed, but the plant also spreads vegetatively by means of rhizomes. It is native to Eurasia and some northern parts of Africa.
Ruscus aculeatus occurs in woodlands and hedgerows, where it is tolerant of deep shade, and also on coastal cliffs. Likely due to its attractive winter/spring color, Ruscus aculeatus has become a fairly common landscape plant. 
It is also widely planted in gardens, and has spread as a garden escapee in many areas outside its native range. The plant grows well in zones 7 to 9 on the USDA hardiness zone map.

The Latin specific epithet aculeatus means "prickly".
Clyde T. Lusk
Clyde Thomas Lusk Jr.  (December 20, 1932 – October 23, 2014) was a vice admiral in the United States Coast Guard who served as Vice Commandant from 1988 to 1990. He had been commander of the Commander of the Eighth Coast Guard District, Chief of Operations of the Eighth Coast Guard District, Commanding Officer of the Merchant Marine Inspection Office, and Chief of the Office of Merchant Marine Safety at Coast Guard Headquarters. He is an alumnus of the United States Coast Guard Academy (1954) and Industrial College of the Armed Forces.

His awards include the Distinguished Service Medal, two Legion of Merit Medals, and two Meritorious Service Medals. the Secretary's Award for Service Silver Medal, the Coast Guard Commendation Medal and the Coast Guard Achievement Medal. Lusk was born in Medford, Massachusetts and has six children with his wife, Beverly J. Tasko, who is from Wethersfield, Connecticut. On October 23, 2014, Lusk died at the age of 81 of natural causes.

Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy
The Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy (Eisenhower School), formerly known as the Industrial College of the Armed Forces (ICAF), is a part of the National Defense University. It was renamed on September 6, 2012, in honor of Dwight D. Eisenhower who graduated from this school when it was previously known as the Army Industrial College.

The Eisenhower School is a United States military educational institution tasked with preparing selected military officers and civilians for senior national security leadership positions dealing with the resource component of national power. The college conducts postgraduate, executive-level courses of study, and associated research, awarding a Master of Science degree in national resource strategy to its graduates. Special emphasis is placed on materiel acquisition, joint logistics, and their integration into national security strategy.
Joaquim Albareda
Joaquim Albareda Salvadó (Manlleu, 1957), is the chairing professor of modern history at Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona) and former director of the Institut Universitari d'Història Jaume Vicens Vives at the same college. He is the head researcher of the research project España y los tratados de Utrecht (1712-1714), of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Grup d’estudi de les institucions i de la societat a la Catalunya moderna (16th-19th Century). Director of the history collection publication Referències from Eumo Editorial. During recent years he has focused his research on the topic of the War of Spanish Succession (1705-1714) and the political history of the 18th century.

Political history
Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social history, people's history, and public history. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies.

From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.
Sina Surgical System
The Sina Surgical System is a robotic surgical system that uses a minimally invasive surgical approach. The system is manufactured by the company Sina Robotics and Medical Innovators. The system is used for prostatectomies, and increasingly for cardiac valve repair, and for renal and gynecologic surgical procedures.

In May 2023, two devices of this system have been exported to Indonesia. Russian institutions have also expressed interest in the device. In this context, a joint production agreement of this system has been signed with the Russian Central Research and Development Institute of Robotics and Cybernetic Technologies. According to this agreement, the Sina surgeon robot is supposed to be produced in Iran in semi-assembled form and exported to Russia as SKD and assembled in Saint Petersburg.

Heart valve
A heart valve (cardiac valve) is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart. Heart valves are opened or closed by a difference in blood pressure on each side.

The mammalian heart has two atrioventricular valves separating the upper atria from the lower ventricles: the mitral valve in the left heart, and the tricuspid valve in the right heart. The two semilunar valves are at the entrance of the arteries leaving the heart. These are the aortic valve at the aorta, and the pulmonary valve at the pulmonary artery.

The heart also has a coronary sinus valve and an inferior vena cava valve, not discussed here.
Commitment device
A commitment device is a way to lock oneself into following a plan of action that one might not want to do, but which one knows is good for oneself. In other words, a commitment device is a way to give oneself a reward or punishment to make what might otherwise become an empty promise stronger and believable.

A commitment device is a technique where someone makes it easier for themselves to avoid akrasia (acting against one's better judgment), particularly procrastination.

Commitment devices have two major features. They are voluntarily adopted for use, and they tie consequences to follow-through failures. Consequences can be immutable (irreversible, such as a monetary consequence) or mutable (allows for the possibility of future reversal of the consequence).

Akrasia
Akrasia refers to the phenomenon of acting against one's better judgment—the state in which one intentionally performs an action while simultaneously believing that a different course of action would be better. Sometimes translated as "weakness of will" or "incontinence," akrasia describes the paradoxical human experience of knowingly choosing what one judges to be the inferior option.
Kwaw Ampah
Kwaw Ampah also known by the name Joseph Kwaw Ampah was a Ghanaian trade unionist and politician. He was appointed secretary general (national secretary) of the Trade Union Congress (TUC) by the then Convention People's Party government in June 1964 replacing Magnus George. Prior to his appointment, he was the secretary of the Public Utility Workers' Union. In 1965 he together with other trade unionists including John Tettegah who was then the All-African Trade Union Federation secretary general became members of parliament representing the Convention People's Party. Kwaw Ampah served as the member of parliament for the Juabeso-Bia constituency from 1965 until 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown. He held this office while serving as secretary general of the TUC.

Public Utilities Workers' Union
The Public Utilities Workers' Union (PUWU) is a trade union representing utility workers in Ghana.

The union's origins lie in the Gold Coast Public Utility and Allied Government Industrial Union, which represented junior staff in the Public Works Department, working in the water and electric sectors.  In the early 1960s, it merged with the Government Clerical and Technical Employees Union, which renamed itself as the Public Services Workers' Union.  However, in 1967, the public utility workers split away to form their own union, PUWU.

The new union affiliated to the Ghana Trades Union Congress, and by 1985, it had 20,000 members, falling to 10,288 in 2018.  Most of its members work for the Ghana Water Company, the Electricity Company of Ghana, the State Housing Company, or the Community Water and Sanitation Agency.
Garth Wheatley
Garth Angus Wheatley (28 May 1923	– 4 September 2001) was an English first-class cricketer active 1946–50 who played for Surrey and Oxford University. He was born in Twickenham; died in Uppingham.

Wheatley was educated at Uppingham School and Balliol College, Oxford. After achieving a first-class honours degree and a doctorate he returned to Uppingham in 1951 to teach physics, but was also master-in-charge of cricket for 32 years.

Uppingham
Uppingham is a market town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Rutland, England, off the A47 between Leicester and Peterborough, 6 miles (10 km) south of Oakham. It had a population of 4,745 according to the 2011 census, estimated at 4,853 in 2019.

The town is known for its eponymous public school. With its art galleries Uppingham has become a popular destination for art lovers. Uppingham was named "best place to live in the Midlands in 2022" by The Times newspaper, who commented on the town by calling it "a discerning market town with art, heart and smarts — plus the magnificent Rutland Water".
Al-Qadi, Jarabulus
Al-Qadi (Arabic: القاضي; Turkish: Kadı) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. With 415 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, al-Qadi administratively belongs to Ghandoura Subdistrict within Jarabulus District. The village is inhabited by Turkmen.

Ghandoura Subdistrict
Ghandoura Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية غندورة)  is a subdistrict of Jarabulus District in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the town of Ghandoura.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 17,314.
An Education
An Education is a 2009 coming-of-age drama film based on a memoir by journalist Lynn Barber. The film was directed by Lone Scherfig from a screenplay by Nick Hornby, and stars Carey Mulligan as Jenny, a bright schoolgirl, and Peter Sarsgaard as David, the charming man who seduces her.

An Education premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, was theatrically released in the US on 16 October 2009 and in the UK on 30 October. The film received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actress for Mulligan. It was also nominated for eight British Academy Film Awards (including Best Film and Best Supporting Actor for Alfred Molina), with Mulligan winning Best Leading Actress.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Tony D'Souza
Tony D'Souza is an American novelist, journalist, essayist, reviewer, travel, and short story writer. He has published three novels with the publisher Houghton Mifflin Harcourt including: Whiteman (2006), The Konkans (2008), and Mule (2011). He sold a feature film adaptation of a Holocaust memoir, Tilli's Story, to Barn 38 Productions as "My Thoughts Are Free" (2017). He ghost wrote Dr. Anna Kohen's Holocaust memoir, "Flower of Flora" (Amsterdam Publishing, 2023), and "Century of Excellence" (2025), a centennial history of the Williams Parker Law Firm.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
David Parry (English cricketer)
David Parry (born 9 December 1956) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Cheshire. He was born in Middlewich, Cheshire.

Parry, who played two matches in the English Estates Trophy and a single match in the Minor Counties Championship, made a single List A appearance for the team, in the 1985 NatWest Trophy, against Yorkshire. Parry did not bat in the match, and took bowling figures of 0-32.

Middlewich
Middlewich is a market town and civil parish in the Cheshire East district of Cheshire, England. It is located 20 miles (32.2 km) east of Chester, 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Winsford, 5 miles (8.0 km) south-east of Northwich and 5 miles (8.0 km) north-west of Sandbach. The population of the parish at the 2021 census was 14,421.

Middlewich lies at the confluence of three rivers: the Dane, Croco and Wheelock. Three canals also pass through the town: the Shropshire Union, Trent & Mersey and the Wardle Canal. The town has three major roads: the A533, A54 and A530; there are also good motorway links to the nearby cities of Manchester and Liverpool. The town's population has doubled since 1970, despite a reduction in the number of manufacturing jobs in salt and textile manufacturing.

Since 1990, there have been initiatives to increase the volume of tourism into the town, through events such as the annual folk and boat festival, the Roman and Norman festivals, and regular farmers' markets.
Laure Mériguet
Laure Meriguet (born August 15, 2008) is a Swiss ice hockey player. She is a member of the Switzerland women's national ice hockey team that participated in women's ice hockey tournament at the 2026 Winter Olympics. She was one of 17 teenagers that played in women's ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Switzerland women's national ice hockey team
The Swiss women's national ice hockey team represents Switzerland at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Women's Championships. The women's national team is controlled by the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation.