hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paraphrasing (computational linguistics)
Paraphrase or paraphrasing in computational linguistics is the natural language processing task of detecting and generating paraphrases. Applications of paraphrasing are varied including information retrieval, question answering, text summarization, and plagiarism detection. Paraphrasing is also useful in the evaluation of machine translation, as well as semantic parsing and generation of new samples to expand existing corpora.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Russian coast defense ship Admiral Seniavin
Admiral Seniavin (Russian: Адмирал Сенявин), was an Admiral Ushakov-class coastal defense ship built for Imperial Russian Navy during the 1890s. She was one of eight Russian pre-dreadnought battleships captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy from the Russians during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. She subsequently served in the Japanese Navy under the name Mishima (見島) until sunk as a target in 1936.

Admiral Ushakov-class coastal defense ship
The Admiral Ushakov class were coastal defense battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the 1890s to counter armored ships of the Swedish Navy. All three ships were stationed in the Baltic Sea when the Russo-Japanese War began and sailed with the Baltic Fleet around the Cape of Good Hope to the Pacific. Two ships were captured by the Japanese and one was scuttled during the Battle of Tsushima.
Transportation in St. Louis
Transportation in Greater St. Louis, Missouri includes road, rail, ship, and air transportation modes connecting the bi-state St. Louis metropolitan area with surrounding communities throughout the metropolitan area, national transportation networks, and international locations. The Greater St. Louis region also supports a multi-modal transportation network that includes bus, light rail, and paratransit service in addition to shared-use paths, bike lanes and greenways.

Bike lane
Bike lanes (US) or cycle lanes (UK) are types of bikeways (cycleways) with lanes on the roadway for cyclists only. In the United Kingdom, an on-road cycle-lane can be firmly restricted to cycles (marked with a solid white line, entry by motor vehicles is prohibited) or advisory (marked with a broken white line, entry by motor vehicles is permitted). In the United States, a designated bicycle lane (1988 MUTCD) or class II bikeway (Caltrans) is always marked by a solid white stripe on the pavement and is for 'preferential use' by bicyclists. There is also a class III bicycle route, which has roadside signs suggesting a route for cyclists, and urging sharing the road. A class IV separated bike way (Caltrans) is a bike lane that is physically separate from motor traffic and restricted to bicyclists only.

Research shows that separated bike lanes improve the safety of bicyclists, and either have positive or non-significant economic effects on nearby businesses.
Don Pati
Don Pati (born 24 May 1990) is a Samoan-born American professional rugby union player. He plays as a wing or full back for the Utah Warriors in Major League Rugby and previously for the USA Sevens team internationally.

Pati was born in Apia in Samoa and moved to the United States in 2004. He was educated at Hunter High School and the University of Utah.

In July 2021 he was named head coach of the University of Utah sevens team.

Apia
Apia (Samoan: [a.pi.a]) is the capital and largest city of Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second-largest island. Apia falls within the political district (itūmālō) of Tuamasaga.

The Apia Urban Area (generally known as the City of Apia) has a population of 35,974 (2021 census). Its geographic boundaries extend from the east approximately from Letogo village in Vaimauga to the west in the newer, industrialized region of Apia which extends to Vaitele village in Faleata.
1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane
1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (also R-132b or HCFC-132b) is a haloalkane and a hydrochlorofluorocarbon.  It is an intermediate during the production of HFC-134a.: Figure 7-2   According to a 2022 report by the WMO and other agencies, it has an ODP of 0.038 and a 100-year GWP of 332.: Table A-5   It has been detected in the atmosphere at concentrations of up to 0.17 parts per trillion, probably because of its use during the production of other chemicals.  Most emissions seem to come from East Asia.

1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (also known as norflurane (INN), R-134a, Klea 134a, Freon 134a, Forane 134a, Genetron 134a, Green Gas, Florasol 134a, Suva 134a, HFA-134a, or HFC-134a) is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) but with insignificant ozone depletion potential and a lower 100-year global warming potential (1,430, compared to R-12's GWP of 10,900). It has the formula CF3CH2F and a boiling point of −26.3 °C (−15.34 °F) at atmospheric pressure.  R-134a cylinders are colored light blue.  A phaseout and transition to HFO-1234yf and other refrigerants, with GWPs similar to CO2, began in 2012 within the automotive market.
Montefoscoli
Montefoscoli is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Palaia, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 529.

Montefoscoli is about 42 km from Pisa and 5 km from Palaia.

Province of Pisa
The province of Pisa (Italian: provincia di Pisa) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of 2,448 square kilometres (945 mi2) and a total population of 421,642 (As of 2014), it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 comuni (sg.: comune).

With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower, and other historic landmarks that attract tourists.
Together! (Elvin Jones and Philly Joe Jones album)
Together! is a jazz album by drummers ”Philly” Joe Jones and Elvin Jones recorded in 1961 and released on the Atlantic label. It features trumpeter Blue Mitchell, trombonist Curtis Fuller, tenor saxophonist Hank Mobley, pianist Wynton Kelly and bassist Paul Chambers.

Philly Joe Jones
Joseph Rudolph "Philly Joe" Jones (July 15, 1923 – August 30, 1985) was an American jazz drummer. He was noted for being able to adjust his style of playing to allow for any group or individual's needs.
Tokirima
Tokirima is a valley and rural community, located west of Taumarunui and 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Ōhura, in the Ruapehu District and Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. State Highway 43 and Stratford–Ōkahukura railway line pass through the valley, and Ōhura River passes nearby.

The name Tokirima translates as five (rima) adzes (Toki).

Stratford–Okahukura line
The Stratford–Okahukura Line (SOL) is a 144 km (89 mi) secondary railway in New Zealand’s North Island, linking the Marton–New Plymouth line (MNPL) with the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT). Traversing steep and rugged terrain, the line features 24 tunnels, 91 bridges, and gradients as steep as 1 in 50 (2%). It once served 15 intermediate stations along its length.

Near Okahukura, the line crosses the Ongarue River via an unusual combined road-rail bridge, with a single-lane road deck situated beneath the railway track. Although the line is currently out of service, it is under a 30-year lease for a tourism-based venture. In July 2019, KiwiRail’s CEO named its reopening a priority, and in May 2021, Minister of Transport Michael Wood included the line in a 10-year government rail investment plan that outlined possible restoration.
Buckler Cars
The Buckler Cars company founded by C. D. F. Buckler was based at 67 Caversham Road, Reading, Berkshire, England and produced approximately 400 cars between 1947 and 1962. In about 1947, Buckler took over the Welco Farm Implements Ltd at Crowthorne, Berkshire and a plaque can be seen on the site of the former factory.

Crowthorne
Crowthorne is a village, and civil parish, in the Bracknell Forest district of southeastern Berkshire, England. It had a population of 7,806 at the 2021 census.

Crowthorne is the location of Wellington College, a large co-educational boarding and day independent school, which opened in 1859, and of Broadmoor Hospital, one of England's three maximum-security psychiatric hospitals, which lies on the eastern edge of the village.
Pedro Vázquez Colmenares
Pedro Vázquez Colmenares (1934 – September 24, 2012) was a Mexican politician who served as the Governor of Oaxaca from 1980 to 1985. He left the Oaxacan governor's office in 1985, before the expiration of his term, when Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid appointed him as the director general of the Center for Research and National Security (CISEN), Mexico's intelligence agency. He served as the director general of CISEN from 1985 to 1988. Vazquez then became the Mexican Ambassador to Guatemala from 1989 to 1985.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.
Ylvingen
Ylvingen is an island in Vega Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 7.6-square-kilometre (2.9 sq mi) island lies just off the west coast of Norway, between the island of Vega and the mainland. In 2017, there were 25 residents on the island.

The island is connected by fast ferry to the mainland towns of Brønnøysund and Sandnessjøen, and to the island of Vega and the mainland by car ferry, all operated by Torghatten Trafikkselskap.

The landscape is relatively flat, yet rocky in many places. The highest point on the island is the 68-metre (223 ft) tall mountain Stornonshaugen in the middle of the island. The island has a relatively large moose population. The residents of the island earn a living by farming and fishing and the island has increasing tourist traffic.

Torghatten ASA
Torghatten ASA  is a Norwegian shipping company based in Brønnøysund. The company's areas of operation include operating car ferries, fast ferries, travel agencies, real estate, security and maintenance. The company's main asset is a 100% ownership in Fosen Trafikklag.

The companies ship operations include  passenger ferry operations in southern Helgeland, between Bindal Municipality and the town of Sandnessjøen.

In addition to operations in its own name, Torghatten owns 100% of Fosen Trafikklag. This company again operates car- and passenger ferries in Sør-Trøndelag, owns Bastø Fosen that operates the Bastø Ferry. Furthermore, the company also has some joint venture in shipping, including 5% of Edda Gas (49% being owned by Bergesen d.y.) and 50% of an Aframax ship.

In 2022, the owner EQT merged Torghatten with Molslinjen to form the company Nordic Ferry Infrastructure Holding AS.
Biocatalysis
Biocatalysis refers to the use of living (biological) systems or their parts to speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions. In biocatalytic processes, natural catalysts, such as enzymes, perform chemical transformations on organic compounds. Both enzymes that have been more or less isolated and enzymes still residing inside living cells are employed for this task. Modern biotechnology, specifically directed evolution, has made the production of modified or non-natural enzymes  possible. This has enabled the development of enzymes that can catalyze novel small molecule transformations that may be difficult or impossible using classical synthetic organic chemistry. Utilizing natural or modified enzymes to perform organic synthesis is termed chemoenzymatic synthesis; the reactions performed by the enzyme are classified as chemoenzymatic reactions.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Robbie Mulhern
Robert "Robbie" Mulhern (born 18 October 1994) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Leigh Leopards in the Super League. Mulhern has represented Ireland, England and the England Knights at international level.

He has previously played for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League, and on loan from Leeds at the Hunslet Hawks in the Championship. Mulhern also played for the Warrington Wolves and Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League and the Championship, and on loan from Hull KR at Newcastle Thunder in League 1.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
Craig Rivera
Craig Rivera (born October 10, 1954) is an American television journalist, producer, and correspondent for Fox News Channel. He also appeared regularly on the Fox News Channel newsmagazine program Geraldo at Large.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
Nayak (2019 film)
Nayak is a 2019 Indian Bhojpuri language action Thriller film released on 6 September 2019 and directed by Ramana Mogili, story screenplay by Rajendra Bharadwaj and Produced by Ramana Rao  on  Rochisri Movies banner. The film stars Pradeep Pandey, Pavani, Nidhija, and Prabhakar in pivotal roles with music was composed by Madhukar Anand.

Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.
Tomoko Fukumi
Tomoko Fukumi (福見 友子, Fukumi Tomoko; born 26 June 1985 in Tsuchiura, Ibaraki) is a Japanese judoka from Tsukuba University. She competed for Japan at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Fukumi is a 4th dan in judo. She is the only judoka to have beaten Ryoko Tani twice. Later she won the gold medal in the extra-lightweight (‍–‍48 kg) division at the 2009 World Judo Championships. She is known for her seoinage, kouchigari, and newaza. In 2014, Fukumi took a year off to study abroad at Loughborough University.

Seoi nage
Seoi nage (背負投 or 背負い投げ; "over the back throw" or "shoulder throw") is a throw in judo. It is one of the traditional forty throws of judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the first group, Dai Ikkyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo (no waza), of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current official throws of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a hand technique, te-waza, and is the second throw performed in the Nage-no-kata.
Lisa Reid
Lisa Reid (born in 1975 in Melbourne) is an Australian artist, known primarily for her highly detailed figurative works in a variety of mediums. Reid has worked from her Northcote-based studio at Arts Project Australia (APA) since 2000, where she held her first solo show in 2015.  She has exhibited widely, both nationally and internationally and her work was recently selected for the landmark exhibition Painting. More Painting, at the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, Melbourne. Her work is held in the collection of the National Gallery of Australia.

Northcote, Victoria
Northcote (/ˈnɔːθkət/ ⓘ) is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 km (3.7 mi) north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Darebin local government area. Northcote recorded a population of 25,276 at the 2021 census.
Devdutt Pattanaik
Devdutt Pattanaik is a mythologist, writer, illustrator, and speaker known for explaining the relevance of Indian and World mythology in modern times, especially in management, leadership, and culture.

A medical doctor by qualification, with a 15-year career in the healthcare and pharma industries, he has written over 50 books and 1,500 newspaper columns on these topics. His popular books including Jaya: An Illustrated Retelling of the Mahabharata, Business Sutra, and Escape the Bakasura Trap: Let Contentment Fuel Your Growth.

His TV shows include Devlok with Devdutt Pattanaik and Business Sutra. He consults organisations and media on art, cultural heritage, storytelling and Indian Knowledge Systems.

Indian Knowledge Systems
The Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), or the Bhāratīya Jñāna Paramparā Vibhāga is a division of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India which purports to promote Indian systems of knowledge. Established in October 2020, it is located in the AICTE headquarters in New Delhi.

Critics of the IKS division have asserted that its curricula peddle pseudoscience and pseudohistory, do not constitute a genuine scholarly "decolonisation" programme, are a tool of indoctrination by the Hindutva ideology of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and will economically and professionally disadvantage Indian graduates in the workforce.  The work of the IKS division has been interpreted by some as being guided by a mission to preserve Indian heritage, apply what they consider to be ancient knowledge to modern problems such as climate change, and decolonise Indian education in a way that reduces undue Western influences.
Bagnoles-de-l'Orne
Bagnoles-de-l'Orne is a former commune in the Orne department in northwestern France. On 1 January 2000, Tessé-la-Madeleine and Bagnoles-de-l'Orne merged becoming one town called Bagnoles-de-l'Orne, however, it adopted the former Insee code of Tessé-la-Madeleine (61483) for identification purposes. It is classed as a Petites Cités de Caractère. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bagnoles-de-l'Orne-Normandie.

INSEE code
The INSEE code (/ɪnseɪ/ in-SAY) is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) to identify various entities, including communes and départements. They are also used as national identification numbers given to people.
Donegal Progressive Party
The Donegal Progressive Party was a minor political party in the Republic of Ireland.

The party drew its support mostly from the unionist and Protestant community in eastern County Donegal. It was opposed to a united Ireland. At the 1973 general election, the party's leader advised Protestants to vote for Fianna Fáil, as it had "the most stable policy" on the border question. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the party held a single seat on Donegal County Council, but it lost this at the 1999 local elections. The party was registered to contest local elections only.

Jim Devenney, a butcher and member of the East Donegal Ulster Scots Association and the former deputy chairman of the Ulster-Scots Agency, was the party's final representative. He contested Donegal North-East at the 1992 and 1997 general elections, and stood in Letterkenny again in 2004. The party was removed from the Register of Political Parties in November 2009.

Protestantism in Ireland
Protestantism is a Christian community on the island of Ireland. In the 2011 census of Northern Ireland, 48% (883,768) described themselves as Protestant, which was a decline of approximately 5% from the 2001 census. In the 2011 census of the Republic of Ireland, 4.27% of the population described themselves as Protestant. In the Republic, Protestantism was the second largest religious grouping until the 2002 census in which they were exceeded by those who chose "No Religion". Some forms of Protestantism existed in Ireland in the early 16th century before the English Reformation, but demographically speaking, these were very insignificant and the real influx of Protestantism began only with the spread of the English Reformation to Ireland. The Church of Ireland was established by King Henry VIII of England, who had himself proclaimed as King of Ireland.
After Midnight: Kean College, 2/28/80
After Midnight: Kean College, 2/28/80 is a live album by the Jerry Garcia Band. It was recorded in Union Township, Union County, New Jersey, at Kean College on February 28, 1980, and released in 2004.

Some copies of After Midnight included a bonus disc, Way After Midnight, with tracks recorded on February 29 at Calderone Concert Hall in Hempstead, New York and on March 1 at the Capitol Theatre in Passaic, New Jersey. The recording is widely considered to be one of the best from the early 1980s that the Jerry Garcia Band played.

Capitol Theatre (Passaic, New Jersey)
The Capitol Theatre was an entertainment venue located at the intersection of Monroe Street and Central Avenue in Passaic, New Jersey. Opened in 1921 as a vaudeville house, the Capitol later served as a movie theater, and then as a venue for rock concerts.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the 3,200-seat theatre was a popular stop on many major rock artist's tours. The venue was known for its in-house video system which resulted in a number of good quality, black and white video bootlegs. After it closed, the building fell into disrepair and it was demolished in April 1991. A shopping center known as Capitol Plaza occupies the site now.