hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pohlia nutans
Pohlia nutans, the nodding thread-moss, is a species of moss in the family Mniaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, found on all seven continents; Europe, Iceland, Siberia, Japan, North America, Greenland, the Andes of South America, South Africa, Tasmania and nearby mainland Australia, New Zealand, and the Antarctic Peninsula and Mount Rittmann in Antarctica. An extremophile, it is resistant to cold, drought, salt, acid, heavy metals, and intense UV radiation.

Pohlia nutans is subject to fungal infections which cause fairy rings to appear. Some causative agents have been identified, including species of Cladosporium, Mortierella gamsii and Mortierella fimbricystis.

Pathogenic fungus
Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organisms. Although fungi are eukaryotic, many pathogenic fungi are microorganisms. Approximately 300 fungi are pathogenic to humans; their study is called "medical mycology". Fungal infections are estimated to kill more people than either tuberculosis or malaria—about two million people per year.

In 2022 the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of fungal pathogens which should be a priority for public health action.

Markedly more fungi are pathogenic to plant life than those of the animal kingdom. The study of fungi and other organisms pathogenic to plants is called plant pathology.
Andrzej Przyłębski
Andrzej Przyłębski (born 14 May 1958) is a Polish philosopher and the author of six books on Neo-Kantianism and hermeneutics. He served as an informer Służba Bezpieczeństwa informer (under the codename TW Wolfgang) and as ambassador to Germany from 2016 to 2022

Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hans-Georg Gadamer (/ˈɡɑːdəmər/; German: [ˈɡaːdamɐ]; 11 February 1900 – 13 March 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opus on hermeneutics Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode).
Rubberband Banks
"Rubberband Banks" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Young Dro, released as the second single from his debut studio album Best Thang Smokin' (2006). The song, like its predecessor, was produced by Grand Hustle in-house producer Cordale "Lil' C" Quinn. The song's title refers to the act of storing large quantities of banknotes using rubber bands.

Best Thang Smokin'
Best Thang Smokin' is the commercial debut and second studio album by American rapper Young Dro. It was released on August 29, 2006, by Grand Hustle Records and Atlantic Records. Best Thang Smokin' serves as Dro's major label debut, following his independent album, I Got That Dro (2001).

The album's production was handled by several high-profile record producers, such as Jazze Pha, Nitti and Develop, as well as Grand Hustle in-house producers Lil' C, Khao and Keith Mack. The Atlantic debut also features guest appearances from Slim Thug, T.I. and Xtaci. The album was supported by two singles, "Shoulder Lean" and "Rubberband Banks", the former of which went on to become a hit single.
Dryden Goodwin
Dryden Goodwin (born in 1971) based in London, is a British artist known for his intricate drawings, often in combination with photography and live action video; he creates films, gallery installations, projects in public space, etchings, works on-line and soundtracks.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Linguistic Systems
Linguistic Systems, Inc., also known as LSI, provides language translation services (conversion) for all media in over 115 languages. LSI focuses on the translation of legal, medical, business, institutional, academic, government and personal documents. LSI is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Academy
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek: Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded c. 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines an academy as a scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature.
I. Rice Pereira
Irene Rice Pereira (née Rice; August 5, 1902 – January 11, 1971), known professionally as I. Rice Pereira, was an American abstract artist, poet and philosopher who played a major role in the development of modernism in the United States. Pereira is known for her work in the genres of geometric abstraction, abstract expressionism and lyrical abstraction, as well as her use of the principles of the Bauhaus school. Her paintings and writings were significantly influenced by the complex intellectual currents of the 20th century.

Dallas Museum of Art
The Dallas Museum of Art (DMA) is an art museum located in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas, along Woodall Rodgers Freeway between St. Paul and Harwood. In the 1970s, the museum moved from its previous location in Fair Park to the Arts District. The new building was designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes and John MY Lee Associates, the 2007 winner of the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal. The construction of the building spanned in stages over a decade.

The museum collection is made up of more than 24,000 objects, dating from the third millennium BC to the present day. It is known for its dynamic exhibition policy and educational programs. The Mildred R. and Frederick M. Mayer Library (the museum's non-circulating research library) contains over 50,000 volumes available to curators and the general public. With 159,000 square feet (14,800 m2) of exhibition spaces, it is one of the largest art museums in the United States.
Spanish Military Hospital Museum
The Spanish Military Hospital Museum is located at 3 Aviles Street, St. Augustine, Florida.  The museum covers the Second Spanish Period (1784-1821) medical practices.  The museum is open seven days a week from 9 am to 5 pm.  Tours start on demand throughout the day and cover a surgical demonstration, apothecary demonstration, and tours of a medicinal herb garden.

History of surgery
Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment. Ambroise Paré, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, "To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has been united, join that which has been divided and repair the defects of nature."

Since humans first learned how to make and handle tools, they have employed these skills to develop increasingly sophisticated surgical techniques. However, until the Industrial Revolution, surgeons were incapable of overcoming the three principal obstacles which had plagued the medical profession from its infancy—bleeding, pain, and infection. Advances in these fields have transformed surgery from a risky art into a scientific discipline capable of treating many diseases and conditions.
Thames Ditton Regatta
Thames Ditton Regatta is a rowing regatta, on the River Thames in England which takes place at Thames Ditton, Surrey opposite Hampton Court Palace.

Thames Ditton Regatta was established in 1948, and is held annually in May. The regatta attracts top crews from schools, clubs and universities from around the UK, and over 250 entries are received each year. Racing takes place on the 1050 metre course that stretches alongside Hampton Court Palace and ends just downstream of the River Mole.

The regatta should not be confused with Hampton Court and Dittons Regatta which is a skiffing and punting regatta held at approximately the same location in July.

Skiffing
Skiffing refers to the sporting and leisure activity of rowing (or more correctly sculling) a Thames skiff. The skiff is a traditional hand built clinker-built wooden craft of a design which has been seen on the River Thames and other waterways in England and other countries since the 19th century. Sculling is the act of propelling the boat with a pair of oars (or blades), as opposed to rowing which requires both hands on a single oar.
Greased paper window
A greased paper window is a very inexpensive window made of paper coated in grease. The grease fills gaps between the paper fibers, reducing the amount of light lost to scattering. Greased paper windows provide a diffuse light source, while blocking wind and preventing insects and other small animals from entering a structure.

Greased paper windows were often used by American pioneers of the early 1800s and other itinerant peoples, in lieu of relatively expensive traditional glass windows. Laura Ingalls Wilder recalled living in a home with a greased paper window in her 1937 children's novel, On the Banks of Plum Creek.

American pioneer
American pioneers were predominantly European American settlers who had marched on westward from the British Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America, to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America.

The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the settlement of the Western United States, with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone, a key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky, when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped.

One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts, which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the existing inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes.
Halber Mensch
Halber Mensch (or ⁠1/2⁠ Mensch; English: Half Person) is the third studio album by German industrial band Einstürzende Neubauten, released on 2 September 1985 by Some Bizzare Records in the U.K. and by What's So Funny About GmbH in Germany. In the U.S., the album was distributed by Rough Trade Records.

Some Bizzare Records
Some Bizzare Records was a British independent record label owned by Stevo Pearce. The label was founded in 1981, with the release of Some Bizzare Album, a compilation of unsigned bands including Depeche Mode, Soft Cell, The The, Neu Electrikk and Blancmange.
Cotten
Cotten is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Cotten (born 1982), American-born Austrian writer

Elizabeth Cotten (1893–1987), American musician and singer-songwriter

Elizabeth Brownrigg Henderson Cotten (1875–1975), American suffragist and librarian

Gerald Cotten (1988–2018), Canadian CEO of bankrupt cryptocurrency exchange Quadriga Fintech Solutions

James Cotten (born 1974), American actor, film director, producer and writer

Joanna Cotten, American country music singer

Joni Cotten (born 1953), American curler

Joseph Cotten (1905–1994), American actor

Lyman A. Cotten (1874–1926), American naval officer
USS Cotten, warship named after him

Mike Cotten (born 1939), American football player

Sallie Southall Cotten (1846–1929), American writer and clubwoman
SS Sallie S. Cotten, Liberty ship named after her

Sonia Cotten (born 1974), Canadian writer

Sonia Cotten
Sonia Cotten (born September 13, 1974) is a Canadian writer living in Quebec.

She was born in Rouyn-Noranda and studied human resource management, editorial practices and business communications at the Université du Québec à Montréal. Cotten was employed at the Maison de la culture Pointe-aux-Trembles and at the Cégep de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

In 2002, she published her first poetry collection Changer le Bronx en or. She has also contributed to various poetry magazines. In 2015, she received the Prix Geneviève-Amyot for her poem Pour Jean-Paul Daoust.
Carl Nebel
Carl Nebel (18 March 1805 – 4 June 1855) was a German engineer, architect and draughtsman, best known for his detailed paintings and lithographic prints made from them of the Mexican landscape and people during the battles of the Mexican–American War.

Battle of Molino del Rey
The Battle of Molino del Rey (8 September 1847) was one of the bloodiest engagements of the Mexican–American War as part of the Battle for Mexico City. It was fought in September 1847 between Mexican forces under General Antonio León against an American force under Major General Winfield Scott at El Molino del Rey on the fringes of Mexico City. The Americans made little progress in this battle, but the Mexican forces were unable to hold them back long enough to prevent the capture of Mexico City one week later. Ulysses S. Grant served as a captain during this battle.
Visual odometry
In robotics and computer vision, visual odometry is the process of determining the position and orientation of a robot or other computer-based system by analyzing a set of camera images taken by the system of its environment. It has been used in a wide variety of robotic applications, such as on the Mars Exploration Rovers.

Uses for visual odometry include augmented reality and robotics.

It is called visual-inertial odometry (VIO) if it uses an inertial measurement unit.

Mars Exploration Rover
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission was a robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars. It began in 2003 with the launch of the two rovers to explore the Martian surface and geology; both landed on Mars at separate locations in January 2004.  Both rovers far outlived their planned missions of 90 Martian solar days: MER-A Spirit was active until March 22, 2010, while MER-B Opportunity was active until June 10, 2018.
Tuscarora State Park
Tuscarora State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on 1,618 acres (655 ha) in Rush, Ryan, Schuylkill Townships, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The most prominent features of the park are Locust Mountain and Tuscarora Lake. The park is named for the Tuscarora Indians, who lived in the area, following the Tuscarora War in North Carolina, until they were forced out by the colonial settlers of Pennsylvania. Tuscarora State Park is 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Tamaqua just off of Pennsylvania Route 54.

Tamaqua, Pennsylvania
Tamaqua (/təˈmɑːkwə/, Delaware: tëmakwe) is a borough in eastern Schuylkill County in the Coal Region of Pennsylvania, United States. It had a population of 6,934 as of the 2020 U.S. census.

Tamaqua was established from territory from West Penn and Schuylkill Townships. The borough is part of the micropolitan statistical area of Pottsville.

Tamaqua is located 37.8 miles (60.8 km) northwest of Allentown, 87 miles (140 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 125.5 miles (202.0 km) west of New York City.
Minion (cannon)
The minion (from the French mignon or "dainty") was a type of smoothbore cannon used during the Tudor period and into the late 17th century. It was of a smaller bore diameter - typically 75 millimetres (3.0 in) - than larger cannons such as sakers and culverins, and usually fired round shot weighing 2.5 kilograms (5.5 lb).

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Fred Andrus
Frederick Hotham Andrus (August 23, 1850 – November 10, 1937) was an American outfielder and pitcher in Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Stockings. In 1876 he played 8 games in the outfield, batting .306 in 36 at bats. In 1884, he played one game, pitching a complete game win on July 4 against the Philadelphia Quakers, allowing two earned runs.

He previously played for a club in Jackson, Michigan, called the Mutuals in 1875, while working for a newspaper. After playing for the White Stocking in 1876, he played for a Milwaukee team in 1877, and stayed there to work as a clerk in a book store. He moved to Chicago in 1884 to be the treasurer for Albert Spalding's sporting goods company, a position he held for eight years. He joined David Whitney Jr.'s real estate company in Detroit, later managing his estate until his death of pneumonia at the age of 87. He was initially interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in Detroit, but was later re-interred at Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago.

David Whitney House
The David Whitney House is a Romanesque Revival mansion at 4421 Woodward Avenue in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. Completed in 1894 to the designs of architect Gordon W. Lloyd for lumber entrepreneur David Whitney Jr., it features rose-pink jasper stone cladding and numerous art-glass windows. The property is a contributing resource in Detroit’s Cultural Center Historic District and was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Since 1986, the building has housed a restaurant.
Neolissochilus compressus
Neolissochilus compressus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes. This species is endemic to Myanmar.

Barb (fish)
A barb is one of various ray-finned fish species in a non-phylogenetic group, with members in the family Cyprinidae, and especially the genera Barbus and Puntius, but many others also. They were formerly united with the barbels in the subfamily Barbinae but that group is paraphyletic with the Cyprininae. If the Labeoninae are recognized as distinct, many small African "barbs" would probably, however, warrant recognition as a new subfamily.

The root of the word "barb" is common in cyprinid names of European languages, from the Latin barba ("beard") (COD):

barb from Catalan

barbi from Finnish

barbo from Spanish

barbeau from French

barbo from Italian

barbe from German

and many others. This is in reference to the barbels which are prominently seen around the mouth of many "barbs".
Watts Up With That?
Watts Up With That? (WUWT) is a blog promoting climate change denial that was created by Anthony Watts in 2006.

The blog predominantly discusses climate issues with a focus on anthropogenic climate change, generally accommodating beliefs that are in opposition to the scientific consensus on climate change. Contributors include Christopher Monckton and Fred Singer as guest authors. In November 2009, the blog was one of the first websites to publish emails and documents from the Climatic Research Unit controversy, and a driving force behind its coverage.

In the early months of 2010, it was reported the site might be "the most read climate blog in the world," and in 2013 Michael E. Mann referred to it as the leading climate change denial blog.

Leo Hickman
Leo Hickman is a journalist specialising in climate change and has been the editor and director of CarbonBrief since 2015. Previously, he was a features journalist and editor with The Guardian from 1997 to 2013. From September 2013 to December 2014, he worked as the chief advisor on climate change for the UK branch of the World Wide Fund for Nature.
Micranthemum glomeratum
Micranthemum glomeratum, commonly known as manatee mudflower is a species of plant in the family Linderniaceae. This plant is commonly sold incorrectly under the name of a similar species, Micranthemum micranthemoides, in aquascaping. It is endemic to Florida and grows on the margins of lakes and streams on sandy substrates.

Micranthemum micranthemoides
Micranthemum micranthemoides (syn. Hemianthus micranthemoides), commonly known as Nuttall's mudflower is an extinct species of subaquatic Micranthemum that previously inhabited wet areas from Virginia to New York. It is commonly misidentified as a similar species, Micranthemum glomeratum, in aquascaping.
Manzil Saini
Manzil Saini (born 1975) is an Indian Police Service officer of 2005 batch, who previously served as Senior Superintendent of Police for Lucknow. She is the first woman to assume the post of SSP of Lucknow in the history of Uttar Pradesh. She has also served as Deputy Inspector General in National Human Rights Commission. In 2021, she was raised to the post of Deputy Inspector General of National Security Guards. Saini has also served in Etawah, the hometown of Samajwadi Party founder Mulayam Singh Yadav. She gained nationwide fame for her role in investigating Amit Kumar Kidney Racket case. Saini is an alumnus of Delhi School of Economics, and she is a gold medalist from there.

Mulayam Singh Yadav
Mulayam Singh Yadav (22 November 1939 – 10 October 2022) was an Indian politician, schoolmaster, lecturer and a socialist figure and the founder of the Samajwadi Party. Over the course of his political career spanning more than six decades, he served for three terms as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, and also as the Union Minister of Defence in the Government of India. A long-time parliamentarian, he was a seven-time Member of Parliament representing Mainpuri, Azamgarh, Sambhal and Kannauj constituencies in the Lok Sabha, a ten-time member of the Legislative Assembly, member of the Legislative Council and the Leader of Opposition several times as well. Yadav was often referred to as Netaji by his party leaders and workers. In 2023, he was posthumously conferred with Padma Vibhushan, India’s second highest civilian award by the Government of India.
Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council
Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council is a local government area (LGA) located in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a merger of the City of Queanbeyan and Palerang Council.

The council has an area of 5,319 square kilometres (2,054 sq mi) and lies between the eastern boundary of the Australian Capital Territory and the coastal escarpment on both sides of the Great Dividing Range. At the 2021 census it had a population of 63,304. At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 56,368.

Great Escarpment, Australia
The Great Escarpment in eastern Australia is an escarpment that runs east of the Great Dividing Range along most of the east of the continent. It was created due to formation of a new continental margin in the Mesozoic, followed by tectonic uplifting of the divide and then scarp retreat. The escarpment is estimated to be approximately 3,600 kilometres (2,200 mi) in length, from north to south.
Mark Tomforde
Mark Louis Tomforde is an American mathematician who works on operator algebras and C*-algebras, topics in the broader area of functional analysis.  He held academic positions at the University of Houston and at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs.

Operator algebra
In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, an operator algebra is an algebra of continuous linear operators on a topological vector space, with the multiplication given by the composition of mappings.

The results obtained in the study of operator algebras are often phrased in algebraic terms, while the techniques used are often highly analytic.  Although the study of operator algebras is usually classified as a branch of functional analysis, it has direct applications to representation theory, differential geometry, quantum statistical mechanics, quantum information, and quantum field theory.