hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bunkbed conjecture
The bunkbed conjecture (also spelled bunk bed conjecture) is a statement in percolation theory, a branch of mathematics that studies the behavior of connected clusters in a random graph. The conjecture is named after its analogy to a bunk bed structure. It was first posited by Pieter Kasteleyn in 1985. In 2024, Nikita Gladkov, Igor Pak, and Alexander Zimin gave a counter-example to the bunkbed conjecture, proving that it is false.

Igor Pak
Igor Pak (Russian: Игорь Пак) (born 1971, Moscow, Soviet Union) is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles, working in combinatorics and discrete probability. He formerly taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Minnesota, and he is best known for his bijective proof of the hook-length formula for the number of Young tableaux, and his work on random walks. He was a keynote speaker alongside George Andrews and Doron Zeilberger at the 2006 Harvey Mudd College Mathematics Conference on Enumerative Combinatorics.

Pak is an associate editor for the journal Discrete Mathematics. He gave a Fejes Tóth Lecture at the University of Calgary in February 2009.

In 2018, he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rio de Janeiro.
MG 17 machine gun
The MG 17 was a 7.92 mm machine gun produced by Rheinmetall-Borsig for use at fixed mountings in many World War II Luftwaffe aircraft, typically as forward-firing offensive armament. The MG 17 was based on the older MG 30 light machine gun, as was its defensive flexible-mount counterpart, the MG 15 machine gun.

Weapon mount
A weapon mount is an assembly or mechanism used to hold a weapon (typically a gun) onto a platform in order for it to function at maximum capacity. Weapon mounts can be broken down into two categories: static mounts and non-static mounts.
Kënga Magjike
Kënga Magjike (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈkəŋɡa maˈɟikɛ]; transl. "The Magic Song") is an annual music competition organised by the Albanian television broadcaster Televizioni Klan. The music competition has been broadcasting annually since its inauguration in 1999 with the exception of 2020 and 2023.

The first edition of the contest was broadcast live by Radio Televizioni Shqiptar while all the editions from 2003 by Televizioni Klan. Ardit Gjebrea has been the main presenter of the contest since the first edition and in other occasions he has hosted with other co-presenters amongst them Brigitte Nielsen, Natalia Estrada, Songül Öden and Elia Zogu.

Brigitte Nielsen
Brigitte Nielsen (Danish pronunciation: [pʁiˈkitə ˈne̝lsn̩]; born Gitte Nielsen; 15 July 1963) is a Danish actress, model, and singer. She began her career modelling for Greg Gorman and Helmut Newton. She subsequently acted in the 1985 films Red Sonja and Rocky IV, later returning to the Rocky series in Creed II (2018). Nielsen starred in the 1986 film Cobra alongside her then-husband Sylvester Stallone. She played a villain in Beverly Hills Cop II (1987) and starred as the Black Witch in the 1990s Italian film series Fantaghirò. She later built a career starring in B-movies, hosting TV shows, and appearing on reality shows.
Joseph T. C. Liu
Joseph Tsu Chieh Liu (born 1934) is an engineer.

Liu completed a bachelor's degree, followed by a Master of Science in Engineering, at the University of Michigan in 1958. He worked for a Convair for a year and was based in Fort Worth, Texas, before pursuing a doctorate at the California Institute of Technology in 1964. Liu subsequently worked for the Gas Dynamics Laboratory at Princeton University's Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Sciences. He joined the Brown University faculty in 1966, and upon his retirement, was granted emeritus status. Liu was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 1984, "[f]or original and significant theoretical contributions in integrating and concepts of large scale turbulent structure into quantitative calculations of developing shear flows and their noise production."

Master of Science in Engineering
A Master of Science in Engineering (MSE) is an academic graduate degree awarded by universities in many countries. It is differentiated from a Master of Engineering (a professional degree). A MSE can require completion of a thesis and qualifies the holder to apply for a program leading to a Doctor of Philosophy (often abbreviated PhD or DPhil) in engineering, while a Master of Engineering can require completion of a project rather than thesis and usually does not qualify its holder to apply for a PhD or DPhil in engineering science.

The MSE is considered equivalent to diplom degree in engineering in the countries that do not have a specific distinction between MSE and Master of Engineering.

In the UK the MEng is an extended undergraduate degree, and the MSc is a one year postgraduate degree for those who already have a BEng. They both contribute to obtaining a chartered engineer qualification.
ISO standards for trailer connectors
A number of ISO standards cover trailer connectors, the electrical connectors between vehicles and the trailers they tow that provide a means of control for the trailers. These are listed below, with notes on significant deviations from them that can cause problems.

CAN bus
A controller area network (CAN) is a vehicle bus standard designed to enable efficient communication primarily between electronic control units (ECUs). Originally developed to reduce the complexity and cost of electrical wiring in automobiles through multiplexing, the CAN bus protocol has since been adopted in various other contexts, such as 3D printing. This broadcast-based, message-oriented protocol ensures data integrity and prioritization through a process called arbitration, allowing the highest priority device to continue transmitting if multiple devices attempt to send data simultaneously, while others back off. Its reliability is enhanced by differential signaling, which mitigates electrical noise. Common versions of the CAN protocol include CAN 2.0, CAN FD, and CAN XL which vary in their data rate capabilities and maximum data payload sizes.
Boudeuse Cay
Boudeuse Cay is an uninhabited islet lying at the western edge of the Amirantes group, of the Outer Islands of the Republic of Seychelles, in the western Indian Ocean. It is located with a distance of 332 km south of Victoria, Seychelles.

Amirante Islands
The Amirante Islands (Les Amirantes) are a group of coral islands and atolls that belong to the Outer Islands of the Seychelles.

They stretch about 155 km from the African Banks (African Islands) in the north to Desnœufs (Isle des Noeufs) in the south, all on the shallow Amirantes Bank (Amirantes Plateau, with depths of mostly 25 to 70 m), except the main island Île Desroches in the east, and submerged Lady Denison-Pender Shoal at the northern end. 90 km south of the Amirante Islands is Alphonse Group, the closest group of islands, which are sometimes considered part of the Amirantes.
2025 OFC Women's Champions League final
The 2025 OFC Women's Champions League final was the final match of the 2025 OFC Women's Champions League, the 3rd edition of the OFC Women's Champions League, Oceania's premier women's club football tournament organized by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). It took place at Stade Pater in Pirae on 17 May 2025. The winner will qualify for the inaugural FIFA Women's Champions Cup to be held in 2026.

The final was between Papua New Guinea's Hekari United and New Zealand's Auckland United, a rematch of the previous years' final.

Auckland United successfully defended their title.

2026 FIFA Women's Champions Cup
The 2026 FIFA Women's Champions Cup was the first edition of FIFA Women's Champions Cup organised by FIFA. The tournament featured the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations, playing each other in a single-elimination bracket, to determine the world's premier women's club team.

The first two matches were played in the home stadium of a team involved in each match, and the final four matches (including the final) were played in London.
Tucker Fredricks
Tucker Daniel Fredricks (born April 16, 1984) is an American speed skater and the former US record holder in the 500 meter event. He competed at the 2006, 2010, and 2014 Winter Olympics.

Fredricks was born in Janesville, Wisconsin, where he graduated in 2002 from Joseph A. Craig High School. He began skating in 1994 when a friend of his father took him skating in lieu of playing hockey.  He considers his greatest accomplishment to be winning the gold medal in 500m at the 2003 World Junior Championships.

On November 17, 2007, at the World Cup Race in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Fredricks beat the previous American 500m record (34.42) which was originally held by 2002 Olympic gold medalist Casey Fitzrandolph, with a time of 34.31.

Janesville, Wisconsin
Janesville is a city in and the county seat of Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 65,615 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 66,428 in 2024, making it the tenth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Janesville–Beloit Metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,461 residents in the 2024 estimate. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin.
Château de la Mercerie
Château de la Mercerie is located in the commune of Magnac-Lavalette-Villars, Charente, France.

Enlarged in the 20th century in a classical Italian Renaissance style by two men, but never completed, it is nicknamed the Versailles charentais.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.
Severn Bridge Junction
Severn Bridge Junction is the area of railway lines just south east of Shrewsbury railway station, in Shropshire, England. It is controlled by a mechanical interlocked signal box of the same name, which is the largest operational mechanical signal box in the world. The Network Rail signalling area code is 'SBJ.'

Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway
The Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway was an English railway company that built a standard gauge line between those places. It opened its main line in 1853 (1853).

Its natural ally seemed to be the Great Western Railway. With other lines it formed a route between the mineral resources of South Wales and the industries of the north-west of England, and this attracted the interest of the London and North Western Railway, which sought access to South Wales. The GWR and the LNWR jointly leased the S&HR line in 1862, later jointly acquiring ownership of it, in 1871. LNWR mineral traffic developed, and after the opening of the Severn Tunnel in 1886, the line became an important main line for traffic from the south-west of England to the north-west.

With the decline in local passenger and goods traffic in the 1950s many intermediate stations closed, but the main line continues in important use at the present day.
Libanius
Libanius (Ancient Greek: Λιβάνιος, romanized: Libanios; c. 314–392 or 393) was a teacher of rhetoric of the Sophist school in the Eastern Roman Empire. His prolific writings make him one of the best documented teachers of higher education in the ancient world and a critical source of history of the Greek East during the 4th century AD. During the rise of Christian hegemony in the later Roman Empire, he remained unconverted and in religious matters was a pagan Hellene.

Greek East and Latin West
Greek East and Latin West are terms used to distinguish between the two parts of the Greco-Roman world and of Medieval Christendom, specifically the eastern regions where Greek was the lingua franca and the western parts where Latin filled this role.

Greek had spread as a result of previous Hellenization, whereas Latin was the official administrative language of the Roman state, stimulating Romanization. In the east, where both languages co-existed within the Roman administration for several centuries, the use of Latin ultimately declined as the role of Greek was further encouraged by administrative changes in the empire's structure between the 3rd and 7th centuries, which led to the split between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire; the collapse of the latter, and failed attempts to restore unity by the former. This Greek–Latin divide continued with the East–West Schism of the Christian world during the Early Middle Ages.
Reindel
Reindel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Reindel (1935–2009), American actor

Edna Reindel (1894–1990), American painter, printmaker, illustrator, sculptor, muralist and teacher

Friedrich Reindel (1824–1908), Royal Prussian executioner

Carl Reindel
Carl Warren Reindel (January 20, 1935 – September 4, 2009) was an American actor, who was known for portraying Lieutenant Kenneth M. Taylor in the epic war film Tora! Tora! Tora!.

He also played "Stanton" in Steve McQueen's hit film Bullitt (1968) and "Lt. Comroe" in classic science fiction film The Andromeda Strain (1971).
Matthew Goode and Co
Matthew Goode and Co. was a softgoods wholesaler (soft goods being cloth and articles made from it) of Adelaide, South Australia with branches in Perth, Western Australia and Broken Hill, New South Wales in Australia.

Portage la Prairie
Portage la Prairie (/ˈpɔːrtɪdʒ lə ˈprɛəri/) is a small city in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba, Canada. In 2016, the population was 13,304 and the land area was 24.68 square kilometres (9.53 sq mi).

Portage la Prairie is approximately 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Winnipeg, alongside the Trans-Canada Highway (exactly halfway between the provincial boundaries of Saskatchewan and Ontario). It sits on the Assiniboine River, which flooded the town persistently until a diversion channel north to Lake Manitoba (the Portage Diversion) was built to divert the flood waters. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Portage la Prairie.

According to Environment Canada, Portage la Prairie has the most sunny days during the warm months in Canada. It is the administrative headquarters of the Dakota Tipi First Nations reserve.
1980 Fiesta Bowl
The 1980 Fiesta Bowl was the tenth edition of the college football bowl game, played at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona on Friday, December 26. Part of the 1980–81 bowl game season, it matched the tenth-ranked Penn State Nittany Lions and the #11 Ohio State Buckeyes of the Big Ten Conference.
A slight underdog, independent Penn State rallied in the second half to win, 31–19.

This was the last Fiesta Bowl played in December until 1997.

Curt Warner
Curtis Edward Warner (born March 18, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL).  A two-time All-American playing college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions, Warner was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the first round of the 1983 NFL draft. Warner was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame on December 8, 2009.

Warner was the 1983 AFC Offensive Player of the Year in his rookie NFL season.
Places in the works of Madeleine L'Engle
Madeleine L'Engle has published more than fifty books, including twenty-three novels, virtually all of them interconnected by recurring characters and locales. In particular, L'Engle's three major series have a consistent geography, including a number of significant fictional locations. These generally fall into two categories:

Fictionalized versions of real locations, such as the homes of the Murry and Austin families. They are usually based on actual places L'Engle has lived.

Exotic locations in other countries, on other planets and elsewhere, usually with a symbolic name that relates to a major feature of the locale. These places help to illustrate the themes of their respective novels.

Major fictional locations in L'Engle's novels include the following places, grouped by the series in which they appear.

Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, relationship, or mathematical formula. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols: for example, a red octagon is a common symbol for "STOP"; on maps, blue lines often represent rivers; and a red rose often symbolizes love and compassion. Numerals are symbols for numbers; letters of an alphabet may be symbols for certain phonemes; and personal names are symbols representing individuals. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics.

In the arts, symbolism is the use of a concrete element to represent a more abstract idea. In cartography, an organized collection of symbols forms a legend for a map.
2005 Glendale train crash
The 2005 Glendale train crash occurred on January 26, 2005, at 6:03 a.m. PST, when a Metrolink commuter train collided with a sport utility vehicle that had been parked on the tracks by a man in an industrial area of Glendale, California, just east of the Los Angeles city limits, causing the deaths of 11 people and injuring 177 more. The driver of the car, who was trying to commit suicide and had changed his mind shortly before the impact but left his car on the tracks due to rain not making it move, survived the incident and was charged with eleven counts of murder and one count of arson.

Ventura County Line
The Metrolink Ventura County Line is a commuter rail line serving Ventura County and the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County and the City of Los Angeles, in the Southern California system. The line is the successor of the short lived CalTrain commuter rail line.
Hein Willemse
Heinrich Stephen Samuel Willemse (born 18 September 1957, Ladismith, Cape Province) is a South African academic, literary critic, activist and author. He currently serves as professor in the Department of Afrikaans at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. He was the former editor-in-chief of the African literary journal Tydskrif vir Letterkunde (Journal for Literature).

As a young academic, Willemse played an active role in the opposition of apartheid, and along with other Afrikaans authors - including André Brink, Breyten Breytenbach and Etienne van Heerden - attended the historical Victoria Falls Writers' Conference in 1989, where various Afrikaans intellectuals met with banned South African authors and members of the African National Congress.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Lyubitskoye, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast
Lyubitskoye (Russian: Любицкое) is a rural locality (a village) in Druzhnensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  81 (2010 census); 142 (2002 census);

Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast
Kurchatovsky District (Russian: Курча́товский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 678 square kilometers (262 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kurchatov (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 17,497 (2021 Census); 18,021 (2010 Census);  19,714 (2002 Census); 25,224 (1989 Soviet census).
Pankaj Kumar Singh (politician)
Pankaj Kumar Singh (born 6 November 1977) is an Indian politician from Delhi. He is currently serving as the heath and family welfare, transport and information technology minister of Delhi. He is a member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly representing Bharatiya Janata Party from Vikaspuri Assembly constituency in South West Delhi district.

South West Delhi district
South West Delhi district (ISO: Dakṣinṇa Paścima Dillī) is one of the eleven administrative districts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India. Kapashera serves as the administrative headquarters of South West Delhi.

South West Delhi is bounded by the districts of West Delhi to the north, Central Delhi to the northeast, New Delhi and South Delhi to the east, Gurgaon District of Haryana state to the south, and Jhajjar District of Haryana to the west.

South West Delhi has a population of 2,292,958 (2011 census), and an area of 420 km², with a population density of 5,445 inhabitants per square kilometre. It is the fourth most populous district in Delhi.

The district court that functions under the Delhi High Court for South West Delhi is also located in Dwarka Sector 10.

Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Dwarka, Najafgarh and Kapashera.
Ken H. Harrison
Ken H. Harrison (born c. 1940) is a British comic artist best known for his work for DC Thomson. His credits include Robbie Rebel, Big Brad Wolf and Lord Snooty for The Beano, The Hoot Squad for Hoot (later reprinted as The Beano's The Riot Squad), The Broons and Oor Wullie for The Sunday Post, Skookum Skool, Spookum Skool and The Snookums for Buzz and Cracker comics.

He drew Oor Wullie and The Broons for The Sunday Post for many years, Desperate Dan for The Dandy between 1983 and 2007 until The Dandy was revamped. He drew the front cover illustration for Classics from the Comics. Until 2012 he drew Minnie the Minx from The Beano, in a style reminiscent of original artist Leo Baxendale.

Cracker (comics)
Cracker was a British comic book magazine printed by D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd that ran from the issues dated 18 January 1975 to 11 September 1976 (a total of 87 issues), when it merged with The Beezer. Some material from Cracker was reprinted in Classics from the Comics.
Sneakerasers
Sneakerasers (stylized as SneakERASERS), formerly called Sole Rubbers, is an American manufacturer of sneaker-cleaning products.

Created by Ohio University alumni Chris Pavlica and Kevin Consolo, the product was designed to cheaply maintain the white color of rubber soles on sneakers. During an appearance on the twelfth season of Shark Tank, Pavlica and Consolo made a deal with Lori Greiner and Alex Rodriguez for a 20% stake in their company.

It was announced in December 2023 that the company had partnered with Skechers to manufacture SkechERASERS for the brand worldwide. In addition to brand partnerships, Sneakerasers has expanded its distribution through leading retailers. Following its win of a "golden ticket" at Walmart's Made in America Open Call event, Sneakerasers gained access to shelf space in thousands of Walmart stores across the United States.

Shark Tank season 12
This is a list of episodes from the twelfth season of Shark Tank. The season premiered on October 16, 2020, on ABC.

The 12th season was filmed inside a production bubble at the Venetian Las Vegas to allow for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.