hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hostapd
hostapd (host access point daemon) is a user space daemon software enabling a network interface card to act as an access point and authentication server. There are three implementations: Jouni Malinen's hostapd, OpenBSD's hostapd and Devicescape's hostapd.

Authentication server
An authentication server provides a network service that applications use to authenticate the credentials, usually account names and passwords, of their users. When a client submits a valid set of credentials, it receives a cryptographic ticket that it can subsequently use to access various services.

Authentication is used as the basis for authorization, which is the determination whether a privilege may be granted to a particular user or process, privacy, which keeps information from becoming known to non-participants, and non-repudiation, which is the inability to deny having done something that was authorized to be done based on the authentication.

Major authentication algorithms include passwords, Kerberos, and public key encryption.
Private Jiangnan University
The Private Jiangnan University (私立江南大学; 1947 – 1952, in Wuxi), was founded in Wuxi in 1947 by Rong Desheng ( 荣德生, the father of Rong Yiren ), the largest national capitalist in the Republic of China era.

Rong Yiren
Rong Yiren (Chinese: 荣毅仁; pinyin: Róng Yìrén; Wade–Giles: Jung2 I4-jen2; May 1, 1916 – October 26, 2005) was the Vice President of China from 1993 to 1998 and was heavily involved with the opening of the Chinese economy to western investment. Rong is known both in China and in the Western world as "the Red Capitalist" because his family were some of the few pre-1949 industrialists in Shanghai to have been treated well by the Chinese Communist Party in return for their co-operation with the government of the People's Republic of China.
Visa requirements for Dutch citizens
Visa requirements for Dutch citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Netherlands, the joint nationality of the four countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

As of 2025, Dutch citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 188 countries and territories, ranking the Dutch passport 4th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Dutch identity card
The Dutch identity card (Dutch: nederlandse identiteitskaart [ˈneːdərlɑntsə ʔidɛntiˈtɛitskaːrt]) is an official non-compulsory identity document issued to Dutch nationals in the European part of the Netherlands and certain diplomatic missions. It has similar dimensions and structure as those of a regular bank card.
Éamonn Fitzmaurice
Éamonn Fitzmaurice (born 1977) is an Irish former Gaelic football manager and player. He played at senior level for the Kerry county team and later managed it between 2012 and 2018, during which time he became one of the small number of people to have won All-Ireland SFC titles as a player and as a manager.

He has been involved in 10 All Ireland wins - 1 minor, 2 under 21, 3 senior All Irelands as a player with Kerry, 1 All Ireland club junior with Finuge, 1 All Ireland junior club as coach with Fossa, 1 All Ireland as a selector and 1 All Ireland as a manager with Kerry.

Since departing as Kerry manager, he has continued to write a column with the Irish Examiner and is a co-commentator and analyst on The Sunday Game on RTÉ.

2004 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 2004 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2004 Bank of Ireland All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the premier Gaelic football competition in 2005. It consisted of 33 teams and began on Sunday 2 May 2004. The championship concluded on Sunday 26 September 2004, when Mayo were defeated by Kerry by 1–20 to 2–9.
Alat tribe
The Alat (a.k.a. Ala-at, Ala, Alachin, Alagchin, Alchin, Alchi, Alayontli, Ulayundluğ (اُوﻻيُنْدْلُغْ) ("piebald horse", pinto); Boma (駁馬 or 駮馬 "piebald horse"), Helai (賀賴), Helan (賀蘭), Hela (曷剌), Bila (弊剌), or dru-gu ha-la-yun-log ("Ha la yun log Turks")) were one salient Turkic tribe known from Chinese annals.

Alats were possibly identical to the Luandi, or Xueyantuo, or Khalajes, the last group being a Turkic Central Asian people known to medieval Arab and Persian Muslim geographers and in Bactrian inscriptions.

Literature on Alats is very rich; Alats were a subject of study by Tangshu, Jiu Tangshu, Tang Huiyao, N.Ya. Bichurin, S.E. Malov, N.A. Aristov, Grigory Grum-Grshimailo, Yu. Nemeth, G. Howorth, P. Pelliot, L. Hambis, and others.

Grigory Grum-Grshimailo
Grigory Yefimovich Grum-Grshimailo (Russian: Григо́рий Ефи́мович Грумм-Гржима́йло, 1860–1936) was a Russian zoologist best known for his expeditions to Central Asia (Pamir, Bukhara, Tianshan, Gansu, and Kukunor), western Mongolia and Tuva, and the Russian Far East. In literature his name is sometimes spelled as Grigor Efimowitsch Grumm-Grzhimailo or Grigory Yefimovich Grumm-Grzhimaylo.
Warwick Estevam Kerr
Warwick Estevam Kerr (9 September 1922 – 15 September 2018) was a Brazilian agricultural engineer, geneticist, entomologist, professor and scientific leader, notable for his discoveries in the genetics and sex determination of bees. The Africanized bee in the western hemisphere is directly descended from 26 Tanzanian queen bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) accidentally released by one of his assistant bee-keepers. When reassembling a hive, the assistant forgot to install the queen excluder. This occurred in 1957 in Rio Claro, São Paulo in the southeast of Brazil from hives operated by Kerr, who had interbred honey bees from Europe and southern Africa.

Agricultural engineering
Agricultural engineering, also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical, food science, environmental, software, and chemical engineering to improve the efficiency of farms and agribusiness enterprises as well as to ensure sustainability of natural and renewable resources.

An agricultural engineer is an engineer with an agriculture background. Agricultural engineers make the engineering designs and plans in an agricultural project, usually in partnership with an agriculturist who is more proficient in farming and agricultural science.
AlterGeo
AlterGeo, formerly known as Wi2Geo, is a Russian IT company specializing in the development of a global hybrid positioning system which combines Wi-Fi, WiMAX, GSM, GPS, LTE, IP address and network environment approaches. It also created cross-platform location-based services Gvidi and AlterGeo, and hyperlocal banner ad system Local Hero.

According to the Financial Times, AlterGeo is one of four "Russia's next tech titans".(registration required) The company was named winner and finalist of multiple domestic and international awards in the field of technology and media, and currently is a Skolkovo Innovation Center resident. It received funding from several prominent investors, including Intel Capital and Esther Dyson.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
4-Chlorobenzoic acid
4-Chlorobenzoic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula ClC6H4CO2H.  It is a white solid that is soluble in some organic solvents and in aqueous base. 4-Chlorobenzoic acid is prepared by oxidation of 4-chlorotoluene.

Chlorotoluene
Chlorotoluenes are aryl chlorides based on toluene in which at least one aromatic hydrogen atom is replaced with a chlorine atom. They have the general formula C7H8–nCln, where n = 1–5 is the number of chlorine atoms.
Guðrún Helgadóttir
Guðrún Helgadóttir (7 September 1935 – 23 March 2022) was a prominent writer of children's literature and politician in Iceland. She was born in Hafnarfjörður, Iceland. Her first book, Jón Oddur og Jón Bjarni, appeared in 1974, when she worked at the National Health and Insurance Office. It concerned scheming twins. Several more books in this series were released. In 1981, they became the basis for a film. By the late 1980s, she had won several awards, and was nominated for the Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1988. She was also awarded the honorary Saga Stone from IBBY for her contributions. She has written a small amount of drama for adults, but most of her work is for young children.

As a politician, she became the first woman to be Speaker of the Althing in 1988 and held that position until 1991. Before that, she had served in the legislative assembly and held a position on the Reykjavík City Council, representing the People's Alliance.

Hans Christian Andersen Award
The Hans Christian Andersen Awards are two literary awards given by the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), recognising one living author and one living illustrator for their "lasting contribution to children's literature". The writing award was first given in 1956, the illustration award in 1966. The former is sometimes called the "Nobel Prize for children's literature".

The awards are named after Hans Christian Andersen, a 19th-century Danish author of fairy tales, and each winner receives the Hans Christian Andersen Medaille (a gold medal with the bust of Andersen) and a diploma. Medals are presented at the biennial IBBY Congress.
Paddy Andrews (Gaelic footballer)
Paddy Andrews (born 18 July 1988) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for St Brigid's and previously with the Dublin county team. He has been on the Dublin football panel since January 2008. He is the younger brother of former Dublin footballer Peadar Andrews. He won a Sigerson Cup medal with DCU in 2010.

On 17 August 2011, Andrews signed for Monaghan United in the League of Ireland First Division.

Andrews won the Dublin Senior Football Championship with St Brigid's in 2011.

Andrews won the all-Ireland senior football championship with Dublin in September 2013 at Croke Park against Mayo.

Following the completion of the five-in-row in 2019, Andrews spent a week in New York with Ciarán Kilkenny and Dean Rock.

In January 2021, Andrews announced his retirement from inter-county football after 12 years.

League of Ireland First Division
The League of Ireland First Division, also known as the SSE Airtricity League First Division for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest division in both the League of Ireland and the Republic of Ireland football league system. The division was formed in 1985 as it replaced the League of Ireland B Division as the League of Ireland's second level division. Since 2003 the First Division has operated as a summer league. The division is contested by 10 clubs.
North Toronto Collegiate Institute
North Toronto Collegiate Institute (NTCI) is a semestered, public high school with over 1,200 students located in the North Toronto area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The school is operated and governed by the Toronto District School Board. From its founding in 1912 until 1998, it was overseen by the Toronto Board of Education.

The school is located in Midtown Toronto in the Yonge and Eglinton neighbourhood. The majority of students come from the surrounding Chaplin Estates, Lytton Park, Mount Pleasant, Davisville Village, Bayview Avenue, Moore Park, Lawrence Park, Broadway Avenue and St. Clair Avenue areas. All students have North Toronto CI as their home school. The closest TTC subway station is Eglinton station. The school's motto is Labor Omnia Vincit, which is Latin for 'Work conquers all'. North Toronto CI celebrated its 100th anniversary in May 2012.

Eglinton station
Eglinton is a Toronto subway station serving Line 1 Yonge–University and Line 5 Eglinton in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located on Eglinton Avenue, it is located in the centre of the Yonge–Eglinton neighbourhood in Midtown Toronto. Eglinton station is the seventh busiest station of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC).
Dimaina
Dimaina (Greek: Δήμαινα) is a village and a community in Argolis, Greece. With Nea Epidavros, Palaia Epidavros and Tracheia it is part of the Epidaurus municipality. The community includes the village Nea Dimaina.

Near Dimaina there is  famous monastery of Taxiarchon built in 15th century. The founder of the monastery was the Patriarch Niphon of Constantinople.

Nephon II of Constantinople
Nephon II of Constantinople (Nifon II (Greek: Νήφων; Albanian: Nifoni; died 11 August 1508), born Nicholas (Νικόλαος), was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople three times: from 1486 to 1488, from 1497 to 1498 and for a short time in 1502. He is honored as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and his feast day is 11 August.
Heiko Bonath
Heiko Bonath (born 1 April 1961) is a former handballer from East Germany, who played for the club SC Dynamo Berlin. He won the bronze medal at the world championships in 1986.

His son Rico Bonath is also a handball player.

SC Dynamo Berlin
The Sports Club Dynamo Berlin  was an East German sports club that existed from 1954 to 1991. It was the largest sports club of SV Dynamo, the sports association of the security agencies. The club was reformed after German reunification and succeeded by sports club SC Berlin.
Lunar Crag
Lunar Crag (71°8′S 68°42′W﻿ / ﻿71.133°S 68.700°W﻿ / -71.133; -68.700) is one of the rock-exposed summits within the Planet Heights mountain range, rising to about 1,200 metres (4,000 ft) at the head of Pluto Glacier on the east side of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, and mapped from these photographs by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. The crag was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1977 in association with nearby landforms named after planets and satellites of the Solar System; other examples include Phobos Ridge and Jupiter Glacier.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Optus (satellite)
This is a list of the satellites operated by Optus, an Australian telecommunications company. The satellite communications facility is located at Belrose on Sydney's Northern Beaches. Optus' satellites are divided into 4 classes A, B, C and D. As of April 2014 it owns and operates Optus B3, Optus C1, Optus D1, Optus D2 and Optus D3. Optus A1, Optus A2, Optus A3 and Optus B1 satellites have been retired. Optus has the largest network of satellites in Australia and New Zealand.

On 2 February 2014, NBN Co of Australia chose Optus for a five-year contract to operate two purpose-built satellites (the Sky Muster satellites) to deliver high speed broadband across rural and remote Australia.

Belrose, New South Wales
Belrose is a suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia 19 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. Belrose is also considered to be part of the Forest District, colloquially known as The Forest.
Oliver Zhang
Oliver Zhang or Eichu Cho (Japanese: 張睿中; born November 21, 1997) is a Canadian-Japanese ice dancer. With his skating partner, Rikako Fukase, he is the 2020 NHK Trophy silver medalist and a two-time Japanese national medalist. They competed in the final segment at the 2020 Four Continents Championships.

2020 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2020 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships were held on February 4–9, 2020 in Seoul, South Korea. Held annually since 1999, the competition featured skaters from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Shinku La
Shinku La (or Shingo La) mountain pass on Nimmu-Padum-Darcha road on the state boundary between Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh, connects the Zanskar region of Ladakh with the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh. The under-construction Shingo La Tunnel, with target expected completion date of 2028, will reduce the Manali to Kargil distance by 522 km while providing an additional all-weather route to Ladakh as an alternative to the existing Leh–Manali Highway.

Lahaul and Spiti district
Lahaul and Spiti district is a high-altitude district in Himachal Pradesh, north India. This entirely mountainous district consists of two geographically distinct as well as formerly separate political-administrative units, called Lahaul (Tibetan: གར་ཞ་, Wylie: gar zha) and Spiti (Tibetan: སྤི་ཏི་, Wylie: spi ti; or Tibetan: སྤྱི་ཏི, Wylie: spyi ti). Lahaul and Spiti is the largest district by area in Himachal Pradesh, and one of the least populous districts in the whole of India. Kyelang (also spelled as 'Keylong') in Lahaul is the headquarters of the whole district, while Spiti also has a subdivisional headquarters, at Kaza.

Lahaul and Spiti is fast becoming a top weekend getaway destination in Himachal, due to improved road access via Atal Tunnel and rising investment in resorts and adventure activities.
Scrambling
In mountaineering, scrambling is ascending steep terrain using one's hands to assist in holds and balance. It can be described as being between hiking and rock climbing. "A scramble" is a related term, denoting terrain that could be ascended in this way.

Sure-footedness and a head for heights are essential. Canyoning and stream climbing both involve scrambling.

Via ferrata
A via ferrata (Italian for "iron path", plural vie ferrate or in English via ferratas) is a protected climbing route found in the Alps and certain other alpine locations.  The protection includes steel fixtures such as cables and railings to arrest the effect of any fall, which the climber can either hold onto or clip into using climbing protection.  Some via ferratas can also include steel fixtures that provide aid in overcoming the obstacles encountered, including steel ladders and steel steps.
Electoral district of Zeehan
The Electoral district of Zeehan was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in the mining town of Zeehan in the West Coast region of Tasmania.

The seat was created in a redistribution ahead of the 1900 election out of Lyell, and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare–Clark electoral system in 1909. Its final member, James Ogden, successfully stood for the multi-member seat of Darwin (now known as Braddon) and retained political office for 13 years.

Hare–Clark electoral system
Hare–Clark is a type of single transferable vote electoral system of proportional representation used for elections in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory. With its use in 1909, it was one of the first uses of the Gregory method for transfers of winner's surplus votes.

The name is derived from the names of English barrister Thomas Hare, the original inventor of single transferable voting, and Attorney-General of Tasmania Andrew Inglis Clark, who introduced a modified form to Tasmania in 1896.
Lars Faaborg-Andersen
Lars Faaborg-Andersen RSKmd (22 June 1956 – 2 June 2021) was a Danish diplomat who served as ambassador of the European Union (EU) to Israel from 2013 – 2017. He had a distinguished career spanning over thirty years in the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark (Danish: Udenrigsministeriet, Faroese: Uttanríkismálaráðið, Greenlandic: Nunanut Allanut Ministereqarfik) and its overseas representations (the Danish embassies, diplomatic missions, consulates and trade offices) are in charge of the Danish Realm's foreign policy and relations. Among these tasks are policy towards the Arctic Council, European Union, Nordic Council, development aid, trade policy and legal affairs in relation to the outside world.

The ministry services five distinct ministers: the foreign minister, the Minister for Nordic Cooperation, the Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment, the Minister for European Affairs and the Minister for Development Cooperation. The ministry is led by the head of department and four directors.
Ukan
Ukan (有漢町, Ukan-chō) was a town located in Jōbō District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 2,621 and a density of 56.14 persons per km2. The total area was 46.69 km2.

On October 1, 2004, Ukan, along with the towns of Bitchū, Kawakami and Nariwa (all from Kawakami District), was merged into the expanded city of Takahashi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Okayama Prefecture
Okayama Prefecture (岡山県, Okayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.ja.ma, o.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,815,165 (1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west.

Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki, Tsuyama, and Sōja. Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge, while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains.
Sittensen (Samtgemeinde)
Sittensen is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Sittensen.

The Samtgemeinde Sittensen consists of the following municipalities:

Groß Meckelsen

Hamersen

Kalbe

Klein Meckelsen

Lengenbostel

Sittensen

Tiste

Vierden

Wohnste

53°16′59″N 9°30′00″E﻿ / ﻿53.283°N 9.500°E﻿ / 53.283; 9.500

Klein Meckelsen
Klein Meckelsen is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Klein Meckelsen belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown – interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) – and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeral Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which – after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 – incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Klein Meckelsen, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.