hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of Gauteng
The Gauteng Province's total GDP for 2022 was R2.2 trillion (US$ 135 billion), making the province the single largest contributor to South Africa's GDP with a contribution of 33%, despite having only 1.4% of South Africa's land area. Gauteng's Gini coefficient of 0.62 makes it more equal than South Africa (the Gini coefficient of which is 0.63 (2014)) as a whole, although this is still a very high figure by international standards. The cities Johannesburg, Midrand and Pretoria, which are all economic powerhouses, and Vanderbijlpark, which is an industrial powerhouse, are all in Gauteng.

Gauteng is home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa, as well as the head offices of over 140 local and international banks. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom, MTN, Microsoft South Africa and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.

Vanderbijlpark
Vanderbijlpark  is an industrial city with approximately 95,000 inhabitants, situated on the Vaal River in the south of Gauteng province, South Africa. The city is named after Hendrik van der Bijl, an electrical engineer and industrialist.

Vanderbijlpark is home to Vanderbijlpark Steel, previously part of the South African Iron and Steel Corporation (ISCOR), which subsequently became a subsidiary of the global company ArcelorMittal. With neighbouring cities Vereeniging and Sasolburg, it forms the Vaal Triangle, historically a major industrial region of South Africa. It is situated in the local municipality of Emfuleni and district municipality of Sedibeng.

The peri-urban black townships Boipatong, Muvango, Bophelong, Sebokeng, Evaton, Tshepiso and Sharpeville are close to the city.
House mark
A house mark was originally a mark of property, later also used as a family or clan emblem, incised on the facade of a building, on animals, in signet and similar in the farmer and burgher culture of Germany, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries.

These marks have the appearance of glyphs or runes consisting of a pattern of simple lines, without the application of colour.

Glyph
A glyph (/ɡlɪf/ GLIF) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface (or computer font), of an element of written language. (That 'element' is called a grapheme –  the conceptual abstraction of some letter, number or symbol, which is independent of the glyph designed to represent it in a particular font.)
2006 Stroud District Council election
The 2006 Stroud Council election took place on 4 May 2006 to elect members of Stroud District Council in Gloucestershire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was

Conservative 29

Labour 9

Liberal Democrat 5

Green 5

Independent 3

Stroud District
51°44′53″N 2°12′58″W﻿ / ﻿51.748°N 2.216°W﻿ / 51.748; -2.216

Stroud District is a local government district in Gloucestershire, England. The district is named after its largest town of Stroud. The council is based at Ebley Mill in the district of Cainscross, west of central Stroud. The district also includes the towns of Berkeley, Dursley, Nailsworth, Stonehouse and Wotton-under-Edge, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Over half of the district lies within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Forest of Dean, Tewkesbury, Gloucester, Cotswold and South Gloucestershire.
Gull River (Balsam Lake)
The Gull River is a river in Algonquin Highlands and Dysart et al, Haliburton County and the single-tier municipality of Kawartha Lakes in south-central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Trent River and Lake Ontario drainage basins, and flows from southern Algonquin Provincial Park to Balsam Lake on the Trent–Severn Waterway.

Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within their areas, or perform additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by multiple tiers of local government.

Typically, unitary authorities cover towns or cities that are large enough to function independently of a council or other authority. An authority can be a unit of a county or combined authority.
Les Murray (footballer)
Les Murray (27 September 1928 – 27 May 1999) was  an Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Murray kicked 100 goals for Maldon in 1950, prior to playing with Footscray.

Maldon Football and Netball Club
The Maldon Football and Netball Club is an Australian rules football club that plays in the Maryborough Castlemaine District Football League and is situated in the township of Maldon, Victoria, in the central Victorian goldfields. The clubs plays its home games at Bill Woodfull Oval, Maldon, Victoria. The club's nickname is known as the Bombers.
St. Joseph's Cathedral, Zanzibar
The Roman Catholic cathedral of St. Joseph is one of the most important historical buildings in Stone Town, Zanzibar, as well as one of its main visitor attractions.

The church is regularly used by the local Catholic community, with several masses being held each Sunday and occasionally on weekdays.

Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.
Ryhill Halt railway station
Ryhill Halt railway station in Ryhill, West Yorkshire, England was a small railway halt on the Dearne Valley Junction Railway, a branch of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway which connected it to the Dearne Valley Railway. It was situated between Wakefield Kirkgate and Grimethorpe. It was opened for passenger traffic on 3 June 1912 and closed, along with others on the line on 10 September 1951.

Another station, Ryhill, served the village on the GCR's Barnsley Coal Railway from 1882 to 1930, about half a mile to the north-west.

Barnsley Coal Railway
The Barnsley Coal Railway was a short railway which, when fully opened, ran between Stairfoot Junction, on the Mexborough to Barnsley line of the South Yorkshire Railway (SYR) and a triangular junction at Nostell on the line of the West Riding and Grimsby Railway (WR&GR).

The railway rights were purchased by the SYR in July 1863, just one year before that company was absorbed into the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway.

Scheduled passenger services on the lined ended in 1930, and goods services in 1961.
Liubech settlement hromada
Liubech settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Любецька селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Chernihiv Raion, Chernihiv Oblast. The Liubech settlement hromada is located within the Dnieper Lowland, on the left bank of the Dnieper, near the state border with the Republic of Belarus. The territory of the hromada is locatedIts administrative center is the town of Liubech.

It has an area of 595.3 square kilometres (229.8 mi2) and a population of 5,473, as of 2020.

Chernihiv Oblast
Chernihiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Чернігівська область, romanized: Chernihivska oblast), also referred to as Chernihivshchyna (Ukrainian: Чернігівщина), is an oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Chernihiv. There are 1,511 settlements in the oblast, with a total population of 959,315 (2022 estimate).
Sgt. Frog season 2
The second season of Sgt. Frog (Japanese: ケロロ軍曹, Keroro Gunsō) is part of the anime television series adapted from the manga by Mine Yoshizaki. This season includes 52 episodes, continuing from episode 52 to 103, and aired in Japan on TV Tokyo between April 1, 2005, and March 31, 2006.

Mine Yoshizaki
Mine Yoshizaki (吉崎 観音, Yoshizaki Mine; born December 2, 1971) is a Japanese manga creator. His most well known works are Sgt. Frog, a manga he created which later received an anime adaption, and Kemono Friends, a multimedia franchise for which Yoshizaki serves as concept designer.
Chulymsky District
Chulymsky District (Russian: Чулы́мский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 8,500 square kilometers (3,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Chulym. Population: 23,909 (2010 Census);  26,763 (2002 Census); 31,854 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Chulym accounts for 48.4% of the district's total population.

Novosibirsk Oblast
Novosibirsk Oblast (Russian: Новосиби́рская о́бласть, romanized: Novosibirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southwestern Siberia. Its administrative and economic center is the city of Novosibirsk, the third-largest city in the country. As of the 2021 Census, Novosibirsk Oblast had a population of 2,797,176 with the majority, 1.63 million, lives in Novosibirsk.
Matty Todd
Lieutenant commander Matthew Robert Todd MBE (3 May 1924 – 29 January 2020) was a submariner who commanded the Royal Navy's Submarine Escape Training Tank from 1964 to 1974 and pioneered the use of new equipment which replaced the old Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus to enable escape from much greater depths.

His father, Jack, was the Conservative MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed. His son, Mark, was the Labour MP for South Derbyshire.

Submarine escape training facility
A Submarine Escape Training Tower is a facility used for training submariners in methods of emergency escape from a disabled submarine underwater. It is a deep tank filled with water with at least one underwater entrance at depth simulating an airlock in a submarine. Since the 1930s, towers have been built for use by the Royal Navy, US Navy, Royal Australian Navy and in several other countries.
Greg Dolezal
Gregory Robert Dolezal (born October 1, 1978) is an American politician who is currently serving as the Georgia state senator for the 27th district in Cumming, Georgia. He is a member of the Georgia Freedom Caucus.

Cumming, Georgia
Cumming is a city and the county seat of Forsyth County, Georgia, United States, and the sole incorporated area in the county. It is a suburban city, and part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. In the 2020 census, the population is 7,318, up from 5,430 in 2010. Surrounding unincorporated areas with a Cumming mailing address have a population of approximately 100,000.
Calvisia kneubuehleri
Calvisia kneubuehleri is a species of stick insects in the tribe Necrosciini: called the Picasso stick insect by the authors.  This species was found in the seasonal tropical forests of the Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve (type locality), which includes Cát Tiên National Park, Vietnam.

Then undescribed, the species (female) has been photographed by the Russian ornithologists Andrei V. Zinoviev 13/04/2001 in Ma Da Enterprise, Dong Nai Province.

Đồng Nai province
Đồng Nai is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). The capital of Đồng Nai Province is Trấn Biên Ward.

In June 2025, the province was merged with Bình Phước province, forming the new Đồng Nai Province with an area of 12.737,18 km2 and a population of 4,576,125 people.
Into That Silent Sea
Into That Silent Sea: Trailblazers of the Space Era 1961–1965 is a 2007 non-fiction book by space historians Francis French and Colin Burgess.  Drawing on a number of original personal interviews with astronauts, cosmonauts and those who worked closely with them, the book chronicles the American and Russian programs from 1961 onwards, from the first human spaceflight of Yuri Gagarin through the Mercury, Vostok and Voskhod flights, up to the first spacewalk by Alexei Leonov.

The book is the first volume in the Outward Odyssey spaceflight history series by the University of Nebraska Press. The space program history continues chronologically in the follow-on book In the Shadow of the Moon: A Challenging Journey to Tranquility, 1965–1969. Into That Silent Sea was named as a finalist for the 2007 Eugene M. Emme Award given by the American Astronautical Society.

Voskhod programme
The Voskhod programme (Russian: Восход, lit. 'ascent, dawn', IPA: [vɐsˈxot]) was the second Soviet human spaceflight project. Two one-day crewed missions were flown using the Voskhod spacecraft and rocket, one in 1964 and one in 1965, and two dogs flew on a 22-day mission in 1966.

Voskhod development was both a follow-on to the Vostok programme and a recycling of components left over from that programme's cancellation following its first six flights. The Voskhod programme was superseded by the Soyuz programme.
The Perfect Son
The Perfect Son is a 2000 Canadian drama film written and directed by Leonard Farlinger. The film centres on Ryan (Colm Feore) and Theo (David Cubitt) Taylor, estranged brothers reunited by their father's death. Growing up, Ryan was the "perfect son" and Theo was the "black sheep" who struggled with drug addiction. When Ryan reveals that he is dying of AIDS, however, the brothers attempt to repair their relationship while Theo simultaneously tries to win back his ex-girlfriend Sarah (Chandra West).

The film premiered on September 14, 2000 in the Perspectives Canada stream at the Toronto International Film Festival.

Black sheep
In the English language, black sheep is an idiom that describes a member of a group who is different from the rest, especially a family member who does not fit in. The term stems from sheep whose fleece is colored black rather than the more common white; these sheep stand out in the flock and their wool is worth less as it will not dye.

The term has typically been given negative implications, implying waywardness.

In psychology, the "black sheep effect" refers to the tendency of group members to judge likeable ingroup members more positively and deviant ingroup members more negatively than comparable outgroup members.
Traineeship scheme of the European Commission
The official traineeship scheme of the European Commission, also known as the Blue Book Traineeship, is a traineeship programme providing official in-service training with the European Commission.
Aimed at young university graduates, it has been running since 1960 and is the biggest traineeship programme in the world. Traineeships, which start in October or March and last five months, are carried out in a Directorate-General or a service of the Commission, in a Commissioner's Cabinet, or in some of European Union's executive bodies and agencies. The programme is managed by a dedicated Traineeships Office within DG EAC, with an annual budget of €7 million, that runs a selection procedure to recruit approximately 600 trainees (also called Blue book stagiaires) for each traineeship period.

European commissioner
A European commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission, the executive cabinet of the European Union. Their role is broadly equivalent to ministers at the national level, with each holding responsibility for a specific Directorate-General or group of them. The commission is led by the President of the European Commission, who serves as head of government for the European Union.
Statira principessa di Persia
Statira principessa di Persia ('Stateira, Princess of Persia') is an opera (dramma per musica) in a prologue and three acts by Francesco Cavalli, set to a libretto by Giovanni Francesco Busenello. The opera was first performed in Venice at the Teatro SS. Giovanni e Paolo, on 18 January 1656.

Francesco Cavalli
Francesco Cavalli (born Pietro Francesco Caletti-Bruni; 14 February 1602 – 14 January 1676) was a Venetian composer, organist and singer of the early Baroque period. He succeeded his teacher Claudio Monteverdi as the dominant and leading opera composer of the mid 17th-century. A central figure of Venetian musical life, Cavalli wrote more than thirty operas, almost all of which premiered in the city's theaters. His best known works include Ormindo (1644), Giasone (1649) and La Calisto (1651).
Subnormal operator
In mathematics, especially operator theory, subnormal operators are bounded operators on a Hilbert space defined by weakening the requirements for normal operators.  Some examples of subnormal operators are isometries and Toeplitz operators with analytic symbols.

Isometry
In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure". If the transformation is from a metric space to itself, it is a kind of geometric transformation known as a motion.
The Willow Tree (1920 film)
The Willow Tree is a surviving 1920 American silent film directed by Henry Otto and distributed by Metro Pictures. The film is based on a Broadway play, The Willow Tree, by J. H. Benrimo and Harrison Rhodes. Fay Bainter starred in the Broadway play in 1917. The film stars Viola Dana and is preserved in the George Eastman House Motion Picture Collection.

George Eastman Museum Motion Picture Collection
The George Eastman Museum Motion Picture Collection in Rochester, New York comprises about 28,000 titles, including features, shorts, documentaries, newsreels, and experimental moving images. The collection is renowned for its holdings of silent films. The George Eastman Museum owns the Louis B. Mayer Conservation Center, where its holdings of nitrate films are stored. In 1996, the Eastman Museum founded the L. Jeffrey Selznick School of Film Preservation.
The Man Who Could Not Sleep
The Man Who Could Not Sleep was a 1915 silent film by Edison Studios. The film is now considered a lost film with known extant copies nearly informationless because of nitrate decomposition. It was directed by John H. Collins and based on a script by Mark Swan. It starred Marc McDermott, Julia Calhoun, and Charles Sutton. Footage was featured in Decasia, an American collage film by director Bill Morrisson.

The plot involved a judge named Jeffer (Marc McDermott) who is cursed by a woman to be unable to sleep after an unfair sentence.

Bill Morrison (director)
Bill Morrison (born November 17, 1965) is an Academy Award nominated filmmaker and artist. His films often combine rare archival material set to contemporary music, and have been screened in theaters, cinemas, museums, galleries, and concert halls around the world.
Teddy Boys
The Teddy Boys or Teds were a mainly British youth subculture  originating in the early 1950s to mid-1960s and then revived in the 1970s who were interested in rock and roll and R&B music, wearing clothes partly inspired by the styles worn by dandies in the Edwardian period, which Savile Row tailors had attempted to reintroduce in Britain after the Second World War.

Bill Haley
William John Clifton Haley (/ˈheɪli/; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was an American rock and roll musician. He is credited by many with first popularizing this form of music in the early 1950s with his group Bill Haley & His Comets and million-selling hits such as "Rock Around the Clock", "See You Later, Alligator", "Shake, Rattle and Roll", "Rocket 88", "Skinny Minnie", and "Razzle Dazzle". Haley has sold over 60 million records worldwide. In 1987, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Margot Dalton
Margot Dalton is a pseudonym used by Phyllis Strobell to write contemporary romance novels.

Dalton has been nominated for a Romantic Times Career Achievement Award and for a Romantic Times Reviewers' Choice Award for Fourth Horseman.  Her novel Another Woman was developed into a made-for-TV movie in 1994, starring Justine Bateman.

Justine Bateman
Justine Bateman (born February 19, 1966) is an American filmmaker, author and actress. Her acting work has included Family Ties, Satisfaction, Men Behaving Badly, The TV Set, Desperate Housewives, and Californication. Her feature film directorial debut, Violet, starring Olivia Munn, Luke Bracey, and Justin Theroux, premiered at the 2021 SXSW Film Festival. Bateman also wrote, directed and produced the film short Five Minutes, which premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. She regularly makes guest appearances on USA television  including Fox News and Today  and is the author of the books Fame: The Hijacking of Reality (2018) and Face: One Square Foot of Skin (2021).
Laudario di Cortona
The Laudario di Cortona (Cortona, Biblioteca del Comune e dell'Accademia Etrusca, Ms. 91) is a musical codex (manuscript book) from the second half of the 13th century containing a collection of laude. It is the oldest known source of music in the Italian language, and the only such source from the thirteenth century. It is one of only two sources of Italian laude to contain musical notation.

Lauda (song)
The lauda (Italian pl. laude) or lauda spirituale was the most important form of vernacular sacred song in Italy in the late medieval era and the Renaissance.  Laude remained popular into the nineteenth century. The lauda was often associated with Christmas, and so is in part equivalent to the English carol, French noel, Spanish villancico, and like these genres occupies a middle ground between folk and learned lyrics.
Tuğba Karademir
Tuğba Karademir (born on 17 March 1985) is a Turkish former competitive figure skater. She won silver medals at the 2008 International Challenge Cup and 2008 Ondrej Nepela Memorial. She qualified to the free skate at two Winter Olympics (2006 Turin and 2010 Vancouver), two World Championships (2006 Calgary, 2009 Los Angeles), and seven European Championships (2004–2010). She served as the flag-bearer for Turkey at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The events took place between 14 and 27 February 2010.

Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo (CHN) won the gold medal in the pairs skating. This was the first time since 1960 that a Russian, Soviet, or Unified Team (CIS) flagged team did not win the gold medal.
Moin
Moin, moi or mojn is a Low German, Frisian, High German (moin [moin] or Moin, [Moin]), Danish (mojn) (mòjn) greeting from East Frisia, Northern Germany, the eastern and northern Netherlands, Southern Jutland in Denmark and parts of Kashubia in northern Poland. The greeting is also used in Finnish.

It means "hello" and, in some places, "goodbye" too.

Northern Germany
Northern Germany (German: Norddeutschland, [ˈnɔʁtdɔɪ̯tʃlant] ⓘ) is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen. It contrasts with Southern Germany, Western Germany, and Eastern Germany.
2012 Campeonato Amazonense
The 2012 Campeonato Amazonense de Futebol was the 96th season of the top professional football league in Amazonas, Brazil. The competition began on January 28 and concluded on May 26. Nacional won the championship for the 41st time, while CDC Manicoré and Operário were relegated.

Nacional Futebol Clube
Nacional Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as Nacional, is a Brazilian professional club based in Manaus, Amazonas founded on 13 January 1913. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Amazonense, the top flight of the Amazonas state football league.