hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Di Lauro clan
The Di Lauro clan (Italian pronunciation: [di ˈlauro]) is an Italian crime clan, part of the Camorra in Naples. The clan operates in the neighbourhoods of Secondigliano, Scampìa, Miano, Marianella, Piscinola, and in the adjacent municipalities of Casavatore, Melito, Arzano, Villaricca and Mugnano (all in the province of Naples). At its peak, between the mid-1990s and the early 2000s, the organisation was earning more than €500,000 a day from the sale of drugs alone, making Secondigliano the largest open-air drug market in Europe. The founder of the clan is Paolo Di Lauro (known as "Ciruzzo il milionario"), from Via Cupa dell'Arco, in Secondigliano.

Casavatore
Casavatore is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region of Campania, located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of Naples. It is the first Italian comune by population density and land consumed, with 90.9% of urbanized land.
Elhovo Gap
Elhovo Gap (Elhovska Sedlovina \'el-hov-ska se-dlo-vi-'na\) is a 420 m high saddle extending 1 km (1 mi) in west-southwest–east-northeast direction from Gleaner Heights to Leslie Hill on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica, which forms part of the overland route between Bowles Ridge and Vidin Heights. The saddle is named  after the Bulgarian town of Elhovo, in association with the artificial Christmas tree ('elha' in Bulgarian) brought by the Tangra 2004/05 Survey team (Lyubomir Ivanov and Doychin Vasilev) to their bivouac at Leslie Hill occupied 24–28 December 2004, making in the process the first crossing of Elhovo Gap.

Lyubomir Ivanov (explorer)
Lyubomir Ivanov (Bulgarian: Любомир Иванов, born 7 October 1952 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian scientist, non-governmental activist, and Antarctic explorer.  He is a graduate of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia with M.S. degree in mathematics in 1977. He earned his PhD from Sofia University in 1980, under the direction of Dimiter Skordev with a dissertation titled Iterative Operative Spaces, and was the 1987 winner of Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.
Un monde à changer
"Un monde à changer" is a French language single by French singer and actor Nyco Lilliu, his debut charting single.

The song written and composed by Lionel Florence, Patrice Guirao and Matthieu Mendès is taken from the forthcoming French musical Robin des Bois, an adaptation of Robin Hood, that premiered on Palais des congrès de Paris on 26 September 2013 starring M. Pokora. Nyco Lilliu plays the role of Frère Tuck (in English Friar Tuck).

Friar Tuck
Friar Tuck is one of the Merry Men, the band of heroic outlaws in the folklore of Robin Hood. Although a common character in the modern Robin Hood legend, Tuck does not appear in the earliest surviving Robin Hood ballads.
Giazotto
Giazotto is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adalberto Giazotto (1940–2017), Italian physicist, son of Remo

Remo Giazotto (1910–1998), Italian musicologist, music critic, and composer

Remo Giazotto
Remo Giazotto (4 September 1910, Rome – 26 August 1998, Pisa) was an Italian musicologist, music critic, and composer, mostly known through his systematic catalogue of the works of Tomaso Albinoni. He wrote biographies of Albinoni and other composers, including Antonio Vivaldi.

Giazotto served as a music critic (from 1932) and editor (1945–1949) of the Rivista musicale italiana and was appointed co-editor of the Nuova rivista musicale italiana in 1967. He was a professor of the history of music at the University of Florence (1957–69) and in 1962 was nominated to the Accademia Nazionale di S. Cecilia.

In 1949, Giazotto became the director of the chamber music programs for Italian state broadcaster RAI and in 1966 was appointed director of its international programs organized through the European Broadcasting Union. He was also the president of RAI's auditioning committee and editor of its series of biographies on composers.

Giazotto was the father of physicist Adalberto Giazotto.
1998 Heineken Trophy – Men's doubles
The 1998 Heineken Trophy was a tennis tournament played on grass courts in Rosmalen in the Netherlands that was part of the International Series of the 1998 ATP Tour and of Tier III of the 1998 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from June 15 through June 21, 1998.

1998 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Tributyrin
Tributyrin is a triglyceride naturally present in butter. It is an ester composed of butyric acid and glycerol.‍ Among other things, it is used as an ingredient in making margarine. It is present in butter and can be described as a liquid fat with an acrid taste.

Tributyrin is also used in microbiological laboratories to identify the bacterium Moraxella catarrhalis.‍

Tributyrin is a stable and rapidly absorbed prodrug of butyric acid which enhances antiproliferative effects of dihydroxycholecalciferol in human colon cancer cells.‍

Glycerol
Glycerol (/ˈɡlɪsərɒl/) is a sugar alcohol with chemical formula C3H5(OH)3. It has three carbon atoms and as many hydroxyl groups. It is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid at Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP). Because of its three hydroxyl groups, glycerol is miscible with water and is hygroscopic in nature.

The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides, where one or more of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with fatty acids. The most abundant of glycerides are triglycerides (found in animal fats and vegetable oils), the form in which glycerol is most commonly found in nature. It is also widely used as a sweetener in the food industry and as a humectant in pharmaceutical formulations.

Modern use of the word glycerine (alternatively spelled glycerin) refers to commercial preparations of less than 100% purity, typically 95% glycerol.
Ann Lynn
Elizabeth Ann Lynn (7 November 1933 – 30 August 2020) was a British actress, especially prominent during the British New Wave of the 1960s, appearing in many films that represented what is known as kitchen sink realism.

Lynn's career spanned 40 years and included roles in many British TV series, including The Count of Monte Cristo (1956), The Vise (1959–1960), Danger Man (1965), The Saint, Gideon's Way (1965), Public Eye (1966), The Champions (episode: The Body Snatchers) (1969), Family at War (1972), Special Branch (1973), Just Good Friends (1984–1986, as Rita Pinner, possibly her best remembered role), Minder and Only Fools And Horses.

Special Branch (TV series)
Special Branch is a British television series made by Thames Television for ITV and shown between 1969-1970 and 1973-1974. A police drama series, the action was centred on members of the Special Branch counterintelligence and counterterrorism department of the London Metropolitan Police. The first two series starred Derren Nesbitt, before the programme went through an overhaul, with George Sewell taking over as the new lead.
Liptak
Liptak or Lipták (Slovak/Czech feminine: Liptáková) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Liptak (born 1960), American journalist

Attila Lipták, Hungarian sprint canoer

Béla G. Lipták (born 1936), Hungarian engineer

David Liptak (born 1948), American composer and music teacher

Jiří Lipták (born 1982), Czech trap shooter

Juraj Lipták, Slovak sprint canoer

Ľubomír Lipták (1930–2003), Slovak historian

Martina Liptáková (born 1965), Czech basketball player

Matthew Liptak (born 1970), AFL footballer

Mattie Liptak (born 1996), American actor

Miroslav Lipták (born 1968), Slovak cyclist

Pál Lipták (1914–2000), Hungarian anthropologist

Peter Lipták (born 1989), Slovak football player

Vanessa Ray Liptak (born 1981), American actress and singer

Zoltán Lipták (born 1984), Hungarian footballer

Adam Liptak
Adam Liptak (born September 2, 1960)  is an American journalist, lawyer and instructor in law and journalism. He is the Chief Legal Affairs Correspondent for The New York Times.

Liptak has written for The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, Rolling Stone, The New York Observer, Business Week and other publications. He was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 2009 for a series of articles that examined ways in which the American legal system differs from those of other developed nations.
Reg Mountford
Reginald Charles Mountford (16 July 1908 – 1994) was an English professional footballer who played as a full-back in the Football League for Darlington and Huddersfield Town. He went on to manage Copenhagen club Boldklubben Frem and the Denmark national team.

Mountford started his career at Darlington, making 12 appearances and scoring three goals before moving to Huddersfield Town in 1929. He made 236 appearances and scored seven goals up until the outbreak of World War II (his three appearances in the 1939–40 season were struck from the record).

He played one wartime international for England in a 3–2 defeat against Scotland at St James' Park on 8 February 1941 in front of a crowd of 25,000. After the war, he emigrated to Denmark and managed Boldklubben Frem in Copenhagen. He managed the Denmark national team for the 1948 Olympics, winning a bronze medal.

After returning to England, he lived near Brighton. He died in 1994.

St James' Park
St James' Park is a football stadium in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is the home of Newcastle United. With a seating capacity of 52,264, it is the 9th largest football stadium in England.

St James' Park has been the home ground of Newcastle United since 1892 and has been used for football since 1880. Throughout its history, the desire for expansion has caused conflict with local residents and the local council. This has led to proposals to move at least twice in the late 1960s, and a controversial 1995 proposed move to nearby Leazes Park. Reluctance to move has led to the distinctive lop-sided appearance of the present-day stadium's asymmetrical stands.

Besides club football, St James' Park has also been used for international football, at the 2012 Olympics, for the rugby league Magic Weekend, rugby union World Cup, Premiership and England Test matches, charity football events, rock concerts, and as a set for film and reality television.
Panini Rural Municipality
Panini is a Rural municipality located within the Arghakhanchi District of the Lumbini Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 151.42 square kilometres (58.46 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 23,424 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Panena, Khidim, Pokharathok, Pathauti, Maidan, Dhatiwang, Adguri and small portion from Chidika, Pali VDCs were merged to form Panini Rural Municipality.
Panini is divided into 8 wards, with Khidim declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Dhatiwang
Dhatiwang is a village in Arghakhanchi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, the village had a population of 2100 living in 391 houses. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census, the population was 2227, of which 70% was literate.
Mademoiselle La Grange
Marie Ragueneau de l’Estang, stage name Mademoiselle La Grange (1639–1727), was a French stage actress.

She was a pioneer member of both the Molière's company (from 1672), and of the Comédie-Française. She belonged to the first Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française (see Troupe of the Comédie-Française in 1680). She retired in 1692.

Comédie-Française
The Comédie-Française (French: [kɔmedi fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ⓘ), or Théâtre-Français (French: [teɑtʁ(ə) fʁɑ̃sɛ] ⓘ), is a state theatre in France. Founded in 1680, it is the oldest active theatre company in the world. Established as a French state-controlled entity in 1995, it is one of the few in the nation and the only to have its own permanent troupe of actors. The company's primary venue is the Salle Richelieu, a part of the Palais-Royal complex located at 2 Rue de Richelieu on Place André-Malraux in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.

The theatre has also been known as the Théâtre de la République, and popularly as "La Maison de Molière" (The House of Molière). It acquired the latter name from the troupe of its best-known playwright, Molière, considered the patron of French actors. He died seven years before his troupe became known as the Comédie-Française, but the company continued to be known as "La Maison de Molière" even after the official change of name.
Iolanda Nanni
Iolanda Nanni (29 November 1968 – 27 August 2018) was an Italian politician for Five Star Movement. Nanni graduated from the classical high school, before becoming a politician she worked as an employee in a private company.

In the regional elections in Lombardy in 2013 she was elected Regional Councilor, among the ranks of the 5 Star Movement in the Province of Pavia.

In January 2018 she decided to run for the 2018 parliamentary elections in the Chamber of Deputies despite being ill. She was elected to the Chamber in its constituency with 21.88% of the votes.

She had been diagnosed with cancer and died on 27 August 2018 at the age of 49. Valentina Barzotti took her place in the Chamber.

2013 Lombard regional election
The 2013 Lombard regional election took place on 24 and 25 February 2013 and was the first snap election in Lombard political history, and the first one paired with a general election. The 10th term of the Regional Council was chosen.
Justice League Odyssey
Justice League Odyssey is a 25-issue ongoing comic series published by DC Comics from September 25, 2018 to October 13, 2020. Written by Joshua Williamson with art by Stjepan Sejic, the series has a connection to the New Justice relaunch.

Joshua Williamson
Joshua Williamson is an American comic book writer. He is known for his long run on The Flash, as well as DC Comics events, Dark Crisis on Infinite Earths and Knight Terrors. Along with The Flash he has also worked on several other DC Comic characters, such as Robin and Green Arrow. Along with his prolific work in the DC Universe, he has also written several Image Comics titles such as Nailbiter, Birthright, Ghosted and Dark Ride. Williamson has also worked within the Energon Universe, alongside writer Robert Kirkman and writer/artist Daniel Warren Johnson, writing two five-issue mini-series, Duke and Cobra Commander.

As part of his DC work, he co-created the character Godspeed.

Williamson is currently writing Superman and G.I. Joe.
Penex
The Penex process is a continuous catalytic process used in the refining of crude oil. It isomerizes light naphtha (C5/C6) into higher-octane, branched C5/C6 molecules. It also reduces the concentration of benzene in the gasoline pool. It was first used commercially in 1958. Ideally, the isomerization catalyst converts normal pentane (nC5) to isopentane (iC5) and normal hexane (nC6) to 2,2- and 2,3-dimethylbutane. The thermodynamic equilibrium is more favorable at low temperature.

Isomerization
In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion   or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization.

When the activation energy for the isomerization reaction is sufficiently small, both isomers can often be observed and the equilibrium ratio will shift in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with each other. Many values of the standard free energy difference, , have been calculated, with good agreement between observed and calculated data.
A Lover's Oath
A Lover's Oath is a lost 1925 American silent fantasy film directed by Ferdinand P. Earle, jun. and featuring Ramon Novarro. The film is based upon the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, as translated by Edward Fitzgerald, and included quotes of its text on intertitles. Actor Milton Sills was scenarist and editor for the film.

The film was shot in 1920–21 but not released in America until 1925. Actor Edwin Stevens died in 1923 before the film was released.

Published details of this film resemble those of Omar Khayyam, screened in Australia in 1923 to positive reviews.

Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám is an 1859 translation from Persian to English by  Edward FitzGerald of a selection of quatrains (rubāʿiyāt) attributed to Omar Khayyam (1048–1131), dubbed "the Astronomer-Poet of Persia".

Although commercially unsuccessful at first, FitzGerald's work was popularised from 1861 onward by Whitley Stokes, and the work came to be greatly admired by the Pre-Raphaelites in England. FitzGerald had a third edition printed in 1872, which increased interest in the work in the United States. By the 1880s, the book was extremely popular throughout the English-speaking world, to the extent that numerous "Omar Khayyam clubs" were formed and there was a "fin de siècle cult of the Rubaiyat".

FitzGerald's work has been published in several hundred editions and has inspired similar translation efforts in English, Hindi and in many other languages.
Antonio Corgos
Antonio Corgos Cervantes (born 10 March 1960 in Barcelona, Catalonia) is a retired long jumper from Spain. He won two silver medals at the European Athletics Indoor Championships as well as one at the 1982 European Athletics Championships. He was also a silver medallist at the 1983 Mediterranean Games and the 1983 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics. Corgos was an Olympic finalist on three occasions, his best result being fifth at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

He set personal bests of 8.23 m (27 ft 0 in) in the long jump and 16.33 m (53 ft 6+3⁄4 in) in the triple jump (indoors).

1983 Mediterranean Games
The IX Mediterranean Games (Arabic: ألعاب البحر الأبيض المتوسط 1983), commonly known as the 1983 Mediterranean Games, were the 9th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Casablanca, Morocco, from 3 to 17 September 1983, where 2,192 athletes (1,845 men and 347 women) from 16 countries participated. There were a total of 162 medal events from 20 different sports.
Văn Quan district
Văn Quan is a rural district of Lạng Sơn province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 57,050. The district covers an area of 549 km2. The district capital lies at Văn Quan.

District (Vietnam)
Districts (Vietnamese: huyện), also known as rural districts or counties, were one of several types of former second-tier administrative subdivisions of Vietnam, the other types being urban districts (Vietnamese: quận), provincial cities (thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh), municipal cities (thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương), and district-level towns (thị xã). The districts were subdivisions of the first-tier divisions, namely the provinces and municipalities. Districts were subdivided into third-tier units, namely townships and communes.

Districts and the whole second-tier of administrative subdivisions of Vietnam were eliminated in 2025, following a major governmental reform.
Grzybów, Łódź Voivodeship
Grzybów [ˈɡʐɨbuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szadek, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Szadek, 13 km (8 mi) north of Zduńska Wola, and 40 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zduńska Wola County
Zduńska Wola County (Polish: powiat zduńskowolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zduńska Wola, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Szadek, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Zduńska Wola.

The county covers an area of 369.19 square kilometres (142.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 67,704, out of which the population of Zduńska Wola is 44,370, that of Szadek is 2,007, and the rural population is 21,327.
Yemen Football Association
The Yemen Football Association (Arabic: الاتحاد اليمني لكرة القدم) is the governing body of football in Yemen. The organisation joined FIFA in 1980 as the Yemen Arab Republic, and was later united with People's Republic of South Yemen in 1990.

In 2005 the YFA was suspended by FIFA due to serious interference by political authorities in the internal affairs of the association, violating Article 17 of the FIFA Statutes.

Yemeni unification
The Yemeni unification took place on 22 May 1990, when the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) and the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) merged together, forming the modern Republic of Yemen.
He Yizhen
He Yizhen (Chinese: 何怡贞; pinyin: Hé Yízhēn; 1910–2008) was a Chinese physicist. She contributed to applying spectroscopy to the steel industry in China and to the research in amorphous state physics. Her research specialty in amorphous physics was metallic glass. She filled up the blank of spectroscopy research in China, and became the first person to measure the whole internal friction peak of metallic glass. He Yizhen was one of the founders of the Institute of Solid State Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei. The research emphases of the institute are nuclear engineering, special metallic materials, and internal friction of solid.

Amorphous solid
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is a characteristic of a crystal. The terms "glass" and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous materials that undergo a glass transition. Examples of amorphous solids include glasses, metallic glasses, and certain types of plastics and polymers.
Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin
Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: شہزادہ محمد صلاح الدین; 5 August 1861 – 29 April 1915) was an Ottoman prince, the only surviving son of Sultan Murad V, and his second consort Reftarıdil Kadın.

Dolmabahçe Palace
Dolmabahçe Palace (Turkish: Dolmabahçe Sarayı [doɫmabahˈtʃe saɾaˈjɯ]) is a 19th-century imperial palace located in Istanbul, Turkey, along the European shore of the Bosporus, which served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1853 to 1887 and from 1909 to 1922.
Salute (pyrotechnics)
In pyrotechnics a salute is a device primarily designed to make a loud report (bang), rather than have a visual effect, although most salutes also have a bright flash. They most commonly consist of a 70:30 mixture of potassium perchlorate and dark aluminium powder and may have titanium added for a cloud of sparks (titanium salute).  The salute may be fired on the ground (ground salute) or launched from a mortar as a shell (aerial salute).  Due to the nature of the effect, large salutes are some of the more hazardous fireworks.

Most of the "salutes" are made with flash powder. Flash powder has a fast burn rate, unlike black powder.

All ground salutes over 50 mg and air salutes over 130 mg are restricted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the Child Protection Act of 1966.

Potassium perchlorate
Potassium perchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. Like other perchlorates, this salt is a strong oxidizer when the solid is heated at high temperature, although it usually reacts very slowly in solution with reducing agents or organic substances. This colorless crystalline solid is a common oxidizer used in fireworks, ammunition percussion caps, and explosive primers, and is used variously in propellants, flash compositions, stars, and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application it has mostly been replaced by the more performant ammonium perchlorate.

KClO4 has a relatively low solubility in water (1.5 g in 100 mL of water at 25 °C).