hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turiisk
Turiisk (Ukrainian: Турійськ) is a rural settlement in Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historic region of Volhynia. It is located in Kovel Raion. Population: 5,432 (2024 estimate); 5,808 (2022 estimate).

Volhynia
Volhynia or Volynia (/voʊˈlɪniə/ voh-LIN-ee-ə; see #Names and etymology) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in Ukraine it is roughly equivalent to Volyn Oblast, Rivne Oblast, and the northern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Ternopil Oblast. The territory that still carries the name is Volyn Oblast.

Volhynia has changed hands numerous times throughout history and been divided among competing powers. For centuries it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Russian annexation during the Partitions of Poland, all of Volhynia was made part of the Pale of Settlement on the southwestern border of the Russian Empire. Important cities include Rivne, Lutsk, Zviahel, and Volodymyr.
Desiree Charbonnet
Desiree Mary Charbonnet ( /ˈdɛzʌreɪ ˈʃɑːrboʊneɪ/ DEZ-uh-ray SHAR-boh-nay; born on June 5, 1968) is an American politician, attorney, former Orleans Parish Recorder of Mortgages, and former Chief Judge of Orleans Parish Municipal Court. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Charbonnet is a relative of Louis Charbonnet, III who was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 1972. Louis Charbonnet, III, one of the original 10 members of the Louisiana Legislative Black Caucus, was one of the first African Americans elected to serve in the Louisiana House of Representatives since the Reconstruction era. The Charbonnet family traces their New Orleans roots back to the 1790s.

Mayor of New Orleans
The post of Mayor of the City of New Orleans (French: Maire de La Nouvelle-Orléans) has been held by the following individuals since New Orleans came under American administration following the Louisiana Purchase — the 1803 acquisition by the U.S. of 828,800 square miles (2,147,000 km2) of the French province La Louisiane. In all mayoral elections since 1930, New Orleans has used a two-round system with a preliminary round and a runoff if no candidate reached a majority in the first round. All mayors of New Orleans since 1872 have been Democrats.
Kevin Hench
Kevin Hench is an American screenwriter, television producer, television writer and columnist for foxsports.com.

Hench is a frequent collaborator with comedian Adam Carolla, having co-written and co-produced the 2007 film The Hammer and two network TV pilots starring Carolla. Hench was also a producer on Carolla's series The Man Show and Too Late with Adam Carolla. With retired NBA player John Salley, Hench hosted a podcast called Spider and the Henchman for Carolla's ACE Broadcasting Network.

Hench appears regularly on the NPR sports show Only A Game and to discuss Boston-area sports on The Bill Simmons Podcast. He has also appeared on the ESPN show Jim Rome Is Burning.

Hench is an alumnus of the University of Vermont. He resides in Los Angeles with his wife, actress Heather Juergensen.

Too Late with Adam Carolla
Too Late with Adam Carolla is a late night talk show hosted by Adam Carolla and produced by Jackhole Industries, a team made up of old collaborators: Carolla, Jimmy Kimmel, and Daniel Kellison. The show, which mixed celebrity interviews, chatty everyday observations, scripted sketches, and phone conversations with viewers (often canned), premiered on August 8, 2005 in the 11:30 p.m. time slot on Comedy Central. The show struggled to find an audience, averaging fewer than 700,000 viewers, a poor performance that Carolla jokingly acknowledged on air. On September 20, the show was moved to midnight and the live audience was dropped. The show got its highest ratings when Steve-O of Jackass and Wildboyz fame came onto the show intoxicated and tackled Adam while yelling obscenities. The last episode aired in November 2005.
Southern Province (Victoria)
Southern Province (also known as South Province) was an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Council.

Southern Province was created in 1856, after the colony of Victoria obtained self-government. It was one of the six original Legislative Council provinces of the newly established bicameral Victorian Parliament. Southern Province was finally abolished in 1970, after Boronia Province and Templestowe Province were created in 1967.

History of Victoria
The history of Victoria refers to the history of the Australian state of Victoria and the area's preceding Indigenous and British colonial societies.

Before British colonisation of Australia, many Aboriginal peoples lived in the area now known as Victoria. After the first Europeans settled there in October 1803, in September 1836 the area became part of the colony of New South Wales, known as the District of Port Phillip. In July 1851, the District of Port Phillip was established as its own colony, becoming the Colony of Victoria, with its own government within the British Empire. During the 1850s, gold was discovered in Clunes and Buninyong in Ballarat in 1851, which was the start of the Victorian Gold Rush. In 1901 it became a state of the Commonwealth of Australia.
Gangs in Belize
An estimated 900 to 1,400 people in Belize were part of street gangs as of 2019, with some three dozen gangs active in the country. These gangs were formed in the 1980s in Southside Belize City, as offshoots of the American Bloods and Crips gangs. Most gangs in Belize remain based in the Southside, and retain at least loose affiliation with Bloods or Crips. They are widely deemed primarily responsible for sustained waves of violent, gun, and organised crime in the country since the 1990s, still unabated as of today (the 2020s).

Bloods
The Bloods are a primarily African American street gang which was founded in Los Angeles, California. The gang is widely known for its rivalry with the Crips. It is identified by the red color worn by its members and by particular gang symbols, including distinctive hand signs.

The Bloods comprise various subgroups known as "sets", among which significant differences exist, such as colors, clothing, operations, and political ideas that may be in open conflict with each other. Since the gang's creation, it has branched throughout the United States.
Artavasdes
Artavasdes is the Hellenized form of the Iranian name *R̥tavazdāʰ. Variant renderings in Greek include Artabazos (Ἀρτάβαζος), Artabazes (Ἀρταβάζης), and Artabasdos (Ἀρτάβασδος); in Armenian Artavazd (Արտավազդ); and in Latin Ardabastus or Artabasdus. Artavasdes' name is the Latin attestation of an Old Iranian name *Ṛtavazdah-, identical to the Avestan Ašavazdah, presumably meaning "powerful/persevering through truth"

People with this name include:

Hellenization
Hellenization or Hellenification is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language, and identity by non-Greeks. In the ancient period, colonization often led to the Hellenization of indigenous people. In the Hellenistic period, many of the territories which were conquered by Alexander the Great were Hellenized.
Eyre Saitch
Eyre Saitch (February 20, 1905 in Pembroke Parish, Bermuda – November 28, 1985 in New Jersey) was an American professional basketball player. He was a member of the New York Renaissance basketball team, and part of the first black team to win a world championship in basketball. He would win over 2000 games with the team. He along with his team was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Erye was a national level tennis player who would win a national title in tennis. Erye died in 1985. He won a 1926 American Tennis Association singles title. Sylvester Smith served as Saitch's doubles partner.  During his career he was also known as Bruiser Saitch.

American Tennis Association
The American Tennis Association (ATA) is based in Largo, Maryland, outside Washington, D.C., and is the oldest African-American sports organization in the United States.  The core of the ATA's modern mission continues to be promoting tennis as a sport for black people and developing junior tennis players, but the ATA welcomes people of all backgrounds.
Bithynia tentaculata
Bithynia tentaculata, common names the mud bithynia or common bithynia, or faucet snail is a relatively small species of freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Bithyniidae.

Chara (alga)
Chara is a genus of charophyte green algae in the family Characeae. They are multicellular and superficially resemble land plants because of stem-like and leaf-like structures. They are found in freshwater, particularly in limestone areas throughout the northern temperate zone, where they grow submerged, attached to the muddy bottom. They prefer less oxygenated and hard water and are not found in waters where mosquito larvae are present. They are covered with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposits and are commonly known as stoneworts. Cyanobacteria have been found growing as epiphytes on the surfaces of Chara, where they may be involved in fixing nitrogen, which is important to plant nutrition.
Richmond Transport tunnel
The Richmond Transport tunnel is a 10,200-foot-long (3,100 m), 14-foot  diameter (4.3 m) combined sewer transport and storage tunnel in San Francisco, California. The tunnel travels from its east portal in the Sea Cliff neighborhood westward under Lincoln Park and Lands End then southward to the north point of the Great Highway.

Lands End (San Francisco)
Lands End is a park in San Francisco within the larger Golden Gate National Recreation Area. It is also the geographic name of a specific promontory next to the Pacific Ocean on the northwest side of the park. The park is in large part a rocky and windswept shoreline at the mouth of the Golden Gate, situated between the Sutro District and Lincoln Park and abutting Fort Miley Military Reservation.  Numerous hiking trails follow the former railbeds of the Ferries and Cliff House Railway along the cliffs and also down to the shore.
AN/SQS-26
AN/SQS-26 was a United States Navy surface ship, bow mounted, low frequency, active/passive sonar developed by the Naval Underwater Sound Laboratory and built by General Electric and the EDO Corporation. At one point, it was installed on 87 US Navy warships from the 1960s to the 1990s and may still be in use on ships transferred to other navies.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/SQS-26" designation represents the 26th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for surface ship sonar search system. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.

EDO Corporation
EDO Corporation was an American company which was acquired by ITT Corporation in 2007.  EDO designed and manufactured products for defense, intelligence, and commercial markets, and provided related engineering and professional services. It employed 4,000 people worldwide and had revenues of $715 million in 2006. EDO's assets went to ITT Defense Electronics and Services.  As of May 2015, these assets were part of Harris Corporation, and since June 2019, L3Harris Technologies.
Bhola Island
Bhola Island (also called Dakhin Shahbazpur) is the largest island of Bangladesh with an area of 1,295 km2 (500 sq mi) and a coastline of 324 km (201 mi). It accounts for most of the land area of Bhola District in Barisal Division.

Meghna River
The Meghna (Bengali: মেঘনা, romanized: Mēghnā) is one of the major rivers in Bangladesh, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest delta on earth, which fans out to the Bay of Bengal. A part of the Surma-Meghna River System, the Meghna is formed inside Bangladesh in Kishoreganj District above the town of Bhairab Bazar by the joining of the Surma and the Kushiyara, both of which originate in the hilly regions of eastern India as the Barak River. The Meghna meets its major tributary, the Padma, in Chandpur District. Other major tributaries of the Meghna include the Dhaleshwari, the Gumti, and the Feni. The Meghna empties into the Bay of Bengal in Bhola District via four principal mouths, named Tetulia (Ilsha), Shahbazpur, Hatia, and Bamni.
Lam Sơn
Lam Sơnⓘ is a region on the Chu river in today's Thọ Xuân District  of Thanh Hóa Province of Vietnam. It was the first location of the Lam Sơn uprising led by Lê Lợi against Ming rule. Several other Vietnamese geographical locations are named after this place, including:

Lam Sơn, Haiphong, a ward of Lê Chân District

Lam Sơn, Hưng Yên, a ward of Hưng Yên

Lam Sơn, Thanh Hóa City, ward of Thanh Hóa city in Thanh Hóa Province

Lam Sơn, Bỉm Sơn, a ward of Bỉm Sơn in Thanh Hóa Province

Lam Sơn, Thọ Xuân, a township of Thọ Xuân District in Thanh Hóa Province

Lam Sơn, Nghệ An, a commune of Đô Lương District

Lam Sơn, Bắc Kạn, a commune of Na Rì District

Lam Sơn, Ngọc Lặc, a commune of Ngọc Lặc District in Thanh Hóa Province

Lam Sơn, Hải Dương, a commune of Thanh Miện District

Nam Sam River
Chu River (name in Vietnam, Vietnamese: Sông Chu), also known as the Nam Sam River or Nam Xam River  (name in Laos), is the largest tributary of Mã River. It originates from Houa peak at 2062m near Xam Neua town, Houaphanh Province in eastern Laos and travels east to meander through the Nghệ An and Thanh Hóa provinces of Vietnam. It joins Mã River on the left in Thiệu Hóa.

The river is 325 km long (165 km in Laos and 160 km in Vietnam) with a drainage area of about 7,580 km2 (4,570 km2 in Laos and 3,010 km2 in Vietnam).

19°52′52″N 105°45′23″E﻿ / ﻿19.8812°N 105.7565°E﻿ / 19.8812; 105.7565
Laser bonding
Laser bonding is a marking technique that uses lasers to bond an additive marking substance to a substrate.

First invented in the mid 1990s by Essilor International, this patented method  produces permanent marks on metal, glass, ceramic and plastic parts for a diverse range of industrial and artistic applications, ranging from aerospace and medical to the awards and engraving industries. It differs from the more widely known techniques of laser engraving and laser ablation in that it is an additive process, adding material to the substrate surface instead of removing it.

Laser bonding has been achieved by Nd:YAG, CO2 laser, Fiber laser and Diode-pumped solid-state laser and can be accomplished using other forms of radiant energy.

Fiber laser
A fiber laser (or fibre laser in Commonwealth English) is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth elements such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, thulium and holmium. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers, which provide light amplification without lasing.

Fiber nonlinearities, such as stimulated Raman scattering or four-wave mixing, can also provide gain and thus serve as gain media for a fiber laser.
Crestview Local School District (Richland County)
Crestview Local School District is a public school district  serving students in the northeastern part of Richland County just north of the city of Mansfield and the northwestern part of Ashland County just northwest of the city of Ashland in the U.S. state of Ohio. Municipalities and townships that are included in the school district in Richland County are northern parts of the city of Mansfield, most of Franklin Township, all of Weller Township (including the unincorporated community of Olivesburg), all of Butler Township, and southern parts of Blooming Grove Township. Municipalities and townships that are included in the school district in Ashland County are the villages of Savannah and Bailey Lakes, most of Clear Creek Township, and northwestern parts of Orange Township. The school district enrolls 1,256 students as of the 2007–2008 academic year.

Ashland, Ohio
Ashland is a city in Ashland County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is approximately 66 miles (106 km) southwest of Cleveland. The population was 19,225 at the 2020 census. It is the center of the Ashland Micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Ashland County.
Waldron Cutting
Waldron Cutting is a 0.2-hectare (0.49-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest  in East Sussex. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This site exposes siltstones and fine sandstone of the Ashdown Formation, dating to the Early Cretaceous between 140 and 100 million years ago. It has one metre long fossils of Lycopodites plants in life position.

This very small site is on both sides of a public road.

Siltstone
Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

Although its permeability and porosity is relatively low, siltstone is sometimes a tight gas reservoir rock, an unconventional reservoir for natural gas that requires hydraulic fracturing for production to be economical.

Siltstone was prized in ancient Egypt for manufacturing statuary and cosmetic palettes. The siltstone quarried at Wadi Hammamat was a hard, fine-grained siltstone that resisted flaking and was almost ideal for such uses.
Lake Clifton, Western Australia
Lake Clifton is a small town located on the east side of the lake of the same name in the Peel region of Western Australia just off the Old Coast Road, between Mandurah and Bunbury at the north end of the Yalgorup National Park. At the 2021 census, Lake Clifton had a population of 759.

Bunbury, Western Australia
Bunbury (/ˈbʌnbəɹɪ/ BUN-bə-REE; Noongar: Goomburrup) is a coastal city in the Australian state of Western Australia, approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. It is the state's third most populous city after Perth and Mandurah, with a population of approximately 75,000.

Located at the south of the Leschenault Estuary, Bunbury was established in 1836 on the orders of Governor James Stirling, A port was constructed on the existing natural harbour soon after, and eventually became the main port for the wider South West region. Further economic growth was fuelled by completion of the South Western Railway in 1893, which linked Bunbury with Perth.

Greater Bunbury includes four local government areas (the City of Bunbury and the shires of Capel, Dardanup, and Harvey), and extends between Yarloop in the north, Boyanup to the south and Capel to the southwest.
Joseph Bassey
Joseph Bassey is a Nigerian politician who serves as a member of the House of Representatives, representing the Akpabuyo/Bakassi/Calabar South federal constituency of Cross River State. He was elected to the 10th National Assembly in the 2023 general election on the platform of the All Progressives Congress.

Calabar South
Calabar South is a Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are In the town of Anantigha.

It has an area of 264 km2 and a population of 191,630 according to  the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 540.

The local Government Headquarters are in Anantigha.

There are 12 local Government wards.
Villeneuve, Alberta
Villeneuve is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Sturgeon County. It is located on Highway 44, approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of Edmonton's city limits. It is home to the band government of the Michel First Nations.

Alberta Highway 44
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 44, commonly referred to as Highway 44, is a highway in northern Alberta, Canada that extends from Hondo to Highway 16 (Yellowhead Highway) east of Spruce Grove.  It is the primary route between the Edmonton area and the Lesser Slave Lake region.  The stretch between Highway 16 and Westlock was formerly Secondary Highway 794, but due to a large increase in traffic it was upgraded to Highway 44 in 1999. Highway 44 is approximately 172 kilometres (107 mi) long.
Bhojsing Gurdinomal Pahalajani
Bhojsing Gurdinomal Pahalajani (d. February 1938) was an Indian politician and the first speaker of the Sind legislative assembly. He was elected to the Sind Legislative Assembly in 1937, from Sukkur. After the election, he was elected speaker of the assembly with 40 votes.

Bhojsing Gurdinomal Pahalajani died in February 1938.

Sukkur
Sukkur is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh along the western bank of the Indus River, directly across from the historic city of Rohri. Sukkur is the third largest city in Sindh after Karachi and Hyderabad, and 17th largest city of Pakistan by population. The city was originally founded by the Rai dynasty of Sindh. The modern city was built in the 1840s. New Sukkur was established during the British era alongside the village of Sukkur. Sukkur's hill, along with the hill on the river island of Bukkur, form what is sometimes considered the "Gate of Sindh".
A Mad & Faithful Telling
A Mad & Faithful Telling is the fifth studio album from the American band DeVotchKa. It was released by Anti- on March 18, 2008. The band's largest tour to date, in support of the album, began on April 26, 2008 at the music festival Coachella.

Anti- (record label)
Anti- is an American record label founded in 1999 as a sister label to Epitaph Records.

Founded by Andy Kaulkin, Anti- first gained attention by releasing Tom Waits's Grammy Award–winning Mule Variations in 1999. Other veteran recording artists such as rhythm and blues singers Solomon Burke, Bettye LaVette, Mavis Staples and Marianne Faithfull have signed to Anti- after leaving other labels.
Edwin G. Krebs
Edwin Gerhard Krebs (June 6, 1918 – December 21, 2009) was an American biochemist. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University in 1989 together with Alfred Gilman and, together with his collaborator Edmond H. Fischer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for describing how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins and regulate various cellular processes.

Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
The Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research is one of the prizes awarded by the Lasker Foundation for a fundamental discovery that opens up a new area of biomedical science. The award frequently precedes a Nobel Prize in Medicine; almost 50% of the winners have gone on to win one.
Barium sulfate suspension
Barium sulfate suspension, often simply called barium, is a contrast agent used during X-rays. Specifically it is used to improve visualization of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, intestines) on plain X-ray or computed tomography. It is taken by mouth or used rectally.

Side effects include constipation, diarrhea, appendicitis, and if inhaled inflammation of the lungs. It is not recommended in people with intestinal perforation or bowel obstruction. Allergic reactions are rare. The use of barium during pregnancy is safe for the baby; however, X-rays may result in harm. Barium sulfate suspension is typically made by mixing barium sulfate powder with water. It is a non-iodinated contrast media.

Barium sulfate has been known since the Middle Ages. In the United States it had come into common medical use by 1910. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Some versions contain flavors to try to make it taste better.

Rectal administration
Rectal administration uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels, and flow into the body's circulatory system, which distributes the drug to the body's organs and bodily systems.