hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sangarédi
Sangarédi is a mining town and sub-prefecture in western Guinea, where bauxite is mined. The ore is shipped by a railway to the Atlantic coast port of Kamsar, 135km to the west. As of 2016, Sangarédi had a population of 81,736 people, an increase of around 5% in just two years from 2014 due to the expansion of the area's three bauxite mines and refinery by CBG (the Compagnie des bauxites de Guinée) which currently produces around 14,000,000 tonnes per year from Sangarédi.

Bauxite
Bauxite (/ˈbɔːksaɪt/ ⓘ) is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and hematite (Fe2O3), the aluminium clay mineral kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and small amounts of anatase (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeTiO3 or FeO·TiO2).
Bauxite appears dull in luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan.

In 1821, the French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France, the origin of the name.
Christopher Church
Christopher Church (4 October 1940 – 1 May 2001) was a British cyclist, businessman and human powered flight pioneer. He competed in the men's sprint and men's tandem events at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was multiple times a British champion on the track and a reserve for Great Britain at the 1960 Summer Olympics

After the death in 1945 of his father James Brindley Nicolson he was adopted by Fred and Elsie Church and adopted their surname.

Church worked as an aeronautic engineer for Hawker Siddeley and became involved, as a test pilot, in the HMPAC Puffin programme. According to his son, Church was the first to fly the plane in preliminary trials but was injured when it crashed.

He moved to the USA in 1970 to work for the American arm of Spode and rose to become the CEO of the company. He was also a vice president of Gucci.

James Brindley Nicolson
James Brindley Eric Nicolson, VC, DFC (29 April 1917 – 2 May 1945) was a fighter pilot and wing commander in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, for his actions in August 1940 during the Battle of Britain.
Candidates of the 2014 Victorian state election
This is a list of candidates for the 2014 Victorian state election. The election was held on 29 November 2014.

At the close of nominations on 14 November 2014, there were a total of 896 candidates in the election (a 26 per cent increase to the 711 candidates in the 2010 election). There were 545 candidates contesting the 88 seats of the Victorian Legislative Assembly (up from 501, an 8.6 per cent increase); and 351 candidates contesting the 40 seats in the Legislative Council (up from 206, a 68 per cent increase).

Northern Victoria Region
Northern Victoria Region is one of the eight electoral regions of Victoria, Australia, which elects five members to the Victorian Legislative Council (also referred to as the upper house) by proportional representation. The region was created in 2006 following the 2005 reform of the Victorian Legislative Council.

The region comprises the Legislative Assembly districts of Benambra, Bendigo East, Bendigo West, Eildon, Euroa, Macedon, Mildura, Murray Plains, Ovens Valley, Shepparton and Yan Yean.
Chain code
A chain code is a lossless compression based image segmentation method for binary images based upon tracing image contours. The basic principle of chain coding, like other contour codings, is to separately encode each connected component, or "blob", in the image.

For each such region, a point on the boundary is selected and its coordinates are transmitted. The encoder then moves along the boundary of the region and, at each step, transmits a symbol representing the direction of this movement.

This continues until the encoder returns to the starting position, at which point the blob has been completely described, and encoding continues with the next blob in the image.

This encoding method is particularly effective for images consisting of a reasonably small number of large connected components.

Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.
Joshua Wright (Alaska politician)
Joshua J. Wright II (August 6, 1929 – November 2, 2017) was a dentist and politician in the United States who served as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives between 1970 and 1972. Born in Georgetown, South Carolina on August 6, 1929, to Joshua and Louise Wright, he attended Howard University, where he studied zoology, chemistry, and later, dentistry. By 1956, Wright had moved to Mt. Edgecombe, Alaska, where he worked for the Public Health Service Hospital until 1958, when he moved to Anchorage.

Wright was a member of the Anchorage School Board between 1969 and 1972, and served a nearly concurrent term on the Alaska House of Representatives from 1970 to 1972. He retired from dentistry in 2013, and died on November 2, 2017, aged 88.

Alaska House of Representatives
The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. The House is composed of 40 members, each of whom represents a district of approximately 17,756 people per 2010 census figures.  Members serve two-year terms without term limits. With 40 representatives, the Alaska House is the smallest state legislative lower chamber in the United States. The House convenes at the State Capitol in Juneau.
NGC 169
NGC 169 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on September 18, 1857, by R. J. Mitchell.

NGC 169 has a smaller companion named NGC 169A, also designated IC1559. The two are currently interacting, and the pair is included in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

Halton Arp
Halton Christian "Chip" Arp  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer.  He is remembered for his 1966 book Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, which catalogued unusual-looking galaxies and presented their images.

Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for advocating a non-standard cosmology incorporating intrinsic redshift. Arp developed those views in a book, Seeing Red: Redshift, Cosmology and Academic Science, in 1998.
Jean Cottereau
Jean Cottereau (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ kɔtʁo]; 1458 – February 8, 1530) was the royal treasurer to Louis XII of France. In 1509, he purchased the old castle in Maintenon, and rebuilt it, transforming it into the Château de Maintenon. Later, it was remade into a fashionable country house for Madame de Maintenon, the second wife of Louis XIV.

Clément Marot's verse epitaphs, "De Messire Jean Cotereau, chevalier, seigneur de Maintenon", are included in his Cimitière (nos. viii, ix, and x). In his Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe (published 1849/50), François-René de Chateaubriand wrote that "Marot, in his Cimetière, maintains that Cottereau was too honest a man for a financier. One of Cottereau's daughters brought the Maintenon domain into the d'Angennes family". Specifically, Isabelle Cottereau, who married Jacques d'Angennes and was the mother of twelve children, including Charles d'Angennes, Claude d'Angennes and Nicolas d'Angennes.

François-René de Chateaubriand
François-René, vicomte de Chateaubriand (4 September 1768 – 4 July 1848) was a French writer, politician, diplomat and historian who influenced French literature of the nineteenth century. Descended from an old aristocratic family from Brittany, Chateaubriand was a royalist by political disposition. In an age when large numbers of intellectuals turned against the Church, he authored the Génie du christianisme in defense of the Catholic faith. His works include the autobiography Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe (Memoirs from Beyond the Grave), published posthumously in 1849–1850.

Historian Peter Gay said that Chateaubriand saw himself as the greatest lover, the greatest writer, and the greatest philosopher of his age. Gay states that Chateaubriand "dominated the literary scene in France in the first half of the nineteenth century".
Sir William Monson, 4th Baronet
William Monson (ca. 1653 – 7 March 1727), of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, was an English Whig politician who sat in the English House of Commons between 1695 and 1707 and in the British House of Commons between 1708 and 1722.

Broxbourne
Broxbourne is a town in the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, England, with a population of 15,303 at the 2011 Census. It is located to the south of Hoddesdon and to the north of Cheshunt, 17 miles (27 km) north of London. The town is near the River Lea, which forms the boundary with Essex, and 5 miles (8.0 km) north of the M25 motorway. To the west of the town are Broxbourne Woods, a national nature reserve. The Prime Meridian runs just east of Broxbourne.
The Mysterious Rider (1933 film)
The Mysterious Rider is a 1933 American pre-Code Western film directed by Fred Allen and written by Harvey Gates and Robert N. Lee. The film stars Kent Taylor, Lona Andre, Berton Churchill, Irving Pichel, Warren Hymer, Gail Patrick and Cora Sue Collins. The film was released on January 20, 1933, by Paramount Pictures.

Harvey Gates
Harvey Harris Gates (January 19, 1894 – November 4, 1948) was an American screenwriter of the silent era. He wrote for more than 200 films between 1913 and 1948. He was born in Hawaii and died in Los Angeles, California.
Petar Barbarić
Petar Barbarić, SJ (19 May 1874 – 15 April 1897) is a Bosnian Herzegovinian Catholic novice from Šiljevišta, near Ljubuški, Bosnia Vilayet (modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, who was in the midst of his studies for the priesthood before he died of tuberculosis.

Upon realizing his condition, he made his solemn profession as a Jesuit before his death. Barbarić was known for his devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ and his charismatic nature among his peers.

On 18 March 2015, he was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope Francis acknowledged the fact that Barbarić had lived a life of heroic virtue.

Catholic Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Catholic Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome. According to the official Bishops' Conference of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the total number of Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2022 was 333,790.
Wormald
Wormald is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Three English cricketers:

Alfred Wormald (1855–1940)

Edward Wormald (1848–1928)

Philip Wormald (b. 1963)

Four British historians:

Jenny Wormald (1948–2015)

Patrick Wormald (1947–2004)

B. H. G. Wormald (1912–2005)

Francis Wormald (1904–1972)

Other well-known people:

Kevin Wormald, (b. 1996) Chilean weightlifter

Ethel Wormald (1901–1993), English politician

Frank Wormald (1868–1915), English soldier

Harry Hugh Wormald (1879–1955), English phytopathologist and mycologist

Kenny Wormald (b. 1984), American dancer and actor

Leslie Wormald (1890–1965), English rower

Nick Wormald, (b. 1953) Australian mathematician

Steven Wormald (b. 1946), Canadian-British Antarctic explorer and meteorologist

Thomas Wormald (1802–1873), English surgeon

Chris Wormald (b.1968) English civil servant

Nick Wormald
Nicholas Charles Wormald FAA (born 1953) is an Australian mathematician and professor of mathematics at Monash University. He specializes in probabilistic combinatorics, graph theory, graph algorithms, Steiner trees, web graphs, mine optimization, and other areas in combinatorics.

In 1979, Wormald earned a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Newcastle with a dissertation titled Some problems in the enumeration of labelled graphs.

In 2006, he won the Euler Medal from the Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications.  He has held the Canada Research Chair in Combinatorics and Optimization at the University of Waterloo.  In 2012, he was recognized with an Australian Laureate Fellowship for his achievements.  In 2017, he was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.

In 2018, Wormald was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rio de Janeiro.
Tim Bentinck
Timothy Charles Robert Noel Bentinck, 12th Earl of Portland, Count Bentinck (born 1 June 1953), commonly known as Tim Bentinck, is an Australian-born British actor and writer, known for his long-running role as David Archer in the BBC Radio 4 series The Archers.

As the Earl of Portland, Bentinck was a member of the House of Lords from 1997 to 1999.§ He is also Count Bentinck in the peerage of the Holy Roman Empire.

By the Sword Divided
By the Sword Divided is a British television series produced by the BBC between 1983 and 1985.

The series, created by John Hawkesworth, was a historical drama set during the mid-17th century, dealing with the impact of the English Civil War on the fictional Lacey family, made up of both Royalist and Parliamentarian supporters.

It follows the family as it is torn apart by the conflicting and changing loyalties of the war, as families were during that time, and the defeat of the Royalist forces at the end of the First English Civil War. Series two covers the second and third civil wars and the eventual Restoration of the Monarchy. The last episodes see the surviving members of the family (from both sides of the divide) witness the arrival of King Charles II on a visit to the ancestral Lacey home.
Paul Jackson (ice hockey)
Paul Jackson (born August 1, 1940) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Jackson played  major junior ice hockey in the Ontario Hockey League, and was a member of the  Toronto St. Michael's Majors when they won the Memorial Cup in 1961. The following season he turned professional, playing the 1961–62 AHL season with the Pittsburgh Hornets.

Toronto St. Michael's Majors
The Toronto St. Michael's Majors were a Canadian major junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League, based in Toronto, Ontario. The most recent franchise was revived on August 15, 1996. In 2007, the team relocated to Mississauga, Ontario and became the Mississauga St. Michael's Majors until 2012. The hockey program was founded and operated by St. Michael's College School in 1906, and adopted the name "Majors" in 1934, and was commonly referred to as St. Mike's Majors.
Double layer potential
In potential theory, an area of mathematics, a double layer potential is a solution of Laplace's equation corresponding to the electrostatic or magnetic potential associated to a dipole distribution on a closed surface S in three-dimensions.  Thus a double layer potential u(x) is a scalar-valued function of x ∈ R3 given by

where ρ denotes the dipole distribution, ∂/∂ν denotes the directional derivative in the direction of the outward unit normal in the y variable,  and dσ is the surface measure on S.

More generally, a double layer potential is associated to a hypersurface S in n-dimensional Euclidean space by means of

where P(y) is the Newtonian kernel in n dimensions.

Hypersurface
In geometry, a hypersurface is a generalization of the concepts of hyperplane, plane curve, and surface. A hypersurface is a manifold or an algebraic variety of dimension n − 1, which is embedded in an ambient space of dimension n, generally a Euclidean space, an affine space or a projective space.
Hypersurfaces share, with surfaces in a three-dimensional space, the property of being defined by a single implicit equation, at least locally (near every point), and sometimes globally.

A hypersurface in a (Euclidean, affine, or projective) space of dimension two is a plane curve. In a space of dimension three, it is a surface.

For example, the equation

defines an algebraic hypersurface of dimension n − 1 in the Euclidean space of dimension n. This hypersurface is also a smooth manifold, and is  called a hypersphere or an (n – 1)-sphere.
1976 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1976 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 89th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1976 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 5 September 1976, between Cork and Wexford. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 2-21 to 4-11.

Wexford GAA
The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Loch Garman) or Wexford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wexford. The county board is also responsible for the Wexford county teams.

Wexford is one of the few counties to have won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in both football and hurling.

The county hurling team last won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 1996.

The county football team has won five All-Ireland Senior Football Championships, with the most recent win achieved in 1918.
Shutze Lake
Schutze Lake is a lake in Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It was named after Luther Schuetze, who carved his name on a tamarack tree without the c and e because there was not room for them.

The lake is about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) long and 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) wide, lies at an elevation of 314 metres (1,030 ft), and is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of the community of Poplar Hill / Poplar Hill First Nation. There are four unnamed creek inflows at the east, south and southwest. The primary outflow, at the west, is an unnamed creek to the Berens River, which flows into Lake Winnipeg. The lake is this part of the Hudson Bay and Nelson River drainage basins.

Nelson River
The Nelson River is a river of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The river drains Lake Winnipeg and runs 644 kilometres (400 mi) before it ends in Hudson Bay near Port Nelson. Its full length (including the Saskatchewan River and Bow River) is 2,575 kilometres (1,600 mi), it has mean discharge of 2,370 cubic metres per second (84,000 cu ft/s), and has a drainage basin of 1,072,300 square kilometres (414,000 sq mi), of which 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) is in the United States.
Chrysochromulina
Chrysochromulina is a genus of haptophytes. This phytoplankton is distributed globally in brackish and marine waters across approximately 60 known species. All Chrysochromulina species are phototrophic, however some have been shown to be mixotrophic, including exhibiting phagotrophy under certain environmental conditions. The cells are small, characterized by having scales, and typically observed using electron microscopy. Some species, under certain environmental conditions have been shown to produce toxic compounds that are harmful to larger marine life including fish.

Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek  φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and  κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.  It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.

In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients. The two main cells that do this are the Macrophages and the Neutrophils of the immune system.

Where phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding and provides the organism part or all of its nourishment, it is called phagotrophy and is distinguished from osmotrophy, which is nutrition taking place by absorption.
Mount Zion
Mount Zion (Hebrew: הַר צִיּוֹן, Har Ṣīyyōn; Arabic: جبل صهيون, Jabal Sahyoun) is a hill in Jerusalem, located just outside the walls of the Old City to the south. The term Mount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill. In a wider sense, the term Zion is also used for the entire Land of Israel.

Jebusites
The Jebusites (/ˈdʒɛbjəˌsaɪts/; Hebrew: יְבוּסִי, romanized: Yəḇusi) were, according to the Book of Joshua and Books of Samuel from the Hebrew Bible, a Canaanite tribe that inhabited Jerusalem, called Jebus (Hebrew: יְבוּס, romanized: Yəḇus, lit. 'trampled place') before the conquest initiated by Joshua (Joshua 11:3, Joshua 12:10) and completed by David (2 Samuel 5:6–10). According to some biblical chronologies, it was conquered in 1003 BC.

A majority of scholars agree that the Book of Joshua holds little historical value for early Israel and reflects a much later period.

1 Chronicles 11:4 states that Jerusalem was known as Jebus before this event. Scholars sometimes dispute the identification of Jebus with Jerusalem.

Joshua conquered the Jebusites in Jerusalem before David and King David bought the threshing floor from the Jebusites
Three-way junction
A three-way junction (or three-way intersection) is a type of road intersection with three arms. A Y junction (or Y intersection) generally has three arms of equal size coming at an acute or obtuse angle to each other; while a T junction (or T intersection) also has three arms, but one of the arms is generally a smaller road joining a larger road at right angle.

Right angle
In geometry and trigonometry, a right angle is an angle of exactly 90 degrees or ⁠/2⁠ radians corresponding to a quarter turn. If a ray is placed so that its endpoint is on a line and the adjacent angles are equal, then they are right angles. The term is a calque of Latin angulus rectus; here rectus means "upright", referring to the vertical perpendicular to a horizontal base line.

Closely related and important geometrical concepts are perpendicular lines, meaning lines that form right angles at their point of intersection, and orthogonality, which is the property of forming right angles, usually applied to vectors. The presence of a right angle in a triangle is the defining factor for right triangles, making the right angle basic to trigonometry.
Henriette May
Henriette May née Lövinson (1862–1928) was a German Jewish women's activist and educator. She is remembered, together with Bertha Pappenheim and Sidonie Werner, as a co-founder of Germany's League of Jewish Women in 1904.

League of Jewish Women (Germany)
The League of Jewish Women in Germany (German: Jüdischer Frauenbund, JFB) was founded in 1904 by Bertha Pappenheim. Pappenheim led the JFB throughout the first twenty years of its existence, and remained active in it until her death in 1936. The JFB became increasingly popular through the 20th century. At its peak in 1928, the organization had 50,000 members from 34 local branches and 430 subsidiary groups. At the time, the JFB was Germany's third largest Jewish organization, with 15–20% of Jewish women in Germany becoming members.