hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of applied sciences (Finland)
The University of Applied Sciences (UAS; Finnish: ammattikorkeakoulu (AMK); Swedish: yrkeshögskola) in Finland is a type of institute of higher education offering tertiary level instruction with a heavy emphasis on professional practice. The UAS are qualitatively different from Finnish universities.

Unlike universities, the UAS focus on R&D by applying previous knowledge, rather than scientific discovery. They have a statutory objective in regional development. As there is mandatory five-month practical training for all students, the UAS are a platform for dispersing applied knowledge throughout higher education. The UAS provide professionals for locally important purposes and are often governed by the municipality, though they receive most of the funding from the state. No tuition fees are required from the students from EU/EEA.

Regional development
Regional development refers to a broad category of policies aimed at reducing regional disparities within an economy or across economies by devoting resources to underdeveloped areas. Regional development can be national or international in nature. Therefore, the implications and scope of regional development may vary according to the definition of a region and how the region and its boundaries are perceived internally and externally.

In the past, regional development tended to center mostly on inward investment within national economies (OECD,2020). In recent decades, however, regional development has taken on an increasingly international character. For example, organizations such as the OECD, UN, and IMF have stepped up various forms of economic assistance to less developed regions.
Danny Warr
Daniel John Warr (22 October 1905 – 27 August 1972) was an Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Warr spent two seasons at St Kilda and his 37 games consisted of one final in 1929. He was a goal-kicking rover and managed 24 goals in each of his two years at the club.

After captain-coaching Rochester in 1930, Warr returned to his original club Preston. He won a Recorder Cup in 1934, captain-coached them in 1935 and topped Preston's goal-kicking every year from 1932 to 1935 (54, 37, 57 and 42 goals respectively).

His coaching career continued with stints at Camperdown(1937-1939) and Finley. After the war he moved to Canberra and was in charge of Eastlake from 1947 to 1953 with the exception of 1951 which he spent at Turner. He steered Eastlake to a premiership in 1948 and coached the ACT.

J. J. Liston Trophy
The J. J. Liston Trophy is awarded annually to the best and fairest senior player in the Victorian Football League (VFL), which was formerly known as the Victorian Football Association (VFA). It is named after J. J. Liston, a businessman, civic leader and sports administrator who was fundamental in advancing sport in Australia, particularly Australian Rules Football and Soccer.
ISO 3166-2:AT
ISO 3166-2:AT is the entry for Austria in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Austria, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for nine states.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is AT, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Austria. The second part is a digit (1–9).

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Xibozi railway station
Xibozi station (Chinese: 西拨子站; pinyin: Xībōzǐ zhàn) is a former fourth-class railway station in Badaling Town, Yanqing District, Beijing. Located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of Badaling station and 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) west of Kangzhuang station, it was on the historic Beijing–Zhangjiakou Railway line and represents over a century of history.

Passenger services were suspended around 2011, leading to closure of the station. To the north of the old station house, there is an entrance to an underground bunker which railway historian Wang Wei has suggested was built by the Imperial Japanese Army. As of 2019, Wang had applied for recognition of Xibozi station as a cultural relic.

Badaling Town
Badaling Town (simplified Chinese: 八达岭镇; traditional Chinese: 八達嶺鎮; pinyin: Bādálǐng Zhèn) is a town on the southwestern part of Yanqing District of Beijing. It borders Kangzhuang and Dayushu Towns to its north, Jingzhuang Town to its east, Nankou Town to its southeast, and Donghuayuan Town to its west. It was home to 10,024 people as of 2020.

The name originates from Badaling, a famous section of the Great Wall of China that is located on the south of the town.
Calephelis rawsoni
Calephelis rawsoni, commonly known as Rawson's metalmark, is a butterfly of the family Riodinidae. It was described by Wilbur S. McAlpine in 1939 and ranges through southern Arizona, south and west Texas and south to central Mexico. The habitat consists of moist areas including stream edges, gulches, subtropical woodland, shaded limestone outcrops.

The wingspan is 3⁄4 - 1+1⁄8 inches (2 - 2.9 cm).

The larvae feed on Eupatorium havanense and Eupatorium greggii.

Ageratina havanensis
Ageratina havanensis, the Havana snakeroot or white mistflower, is a species of flowering shrub in the family Asteraceae, native to the south-western United States (Texas), Cuba, and north-eastern and east-central Mexico (Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Puebla, Guanajuato, Querétaro). Unlike many other species of Ageratina, it is evergreen.
Vashakidze (crater)
Vashakidze is a lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side, just beyond the northeastern limb. This area of the surface is not completely hidden from the Earth, however, as suitable combinations of libration and sunlight will bring it into view.  It was named by the IAU in 1970.

This crater has a well-defined rim that has not suffered much wear from impact erosion. It is roughly circular, with outward bulges to the south and east, giving it a slightly skewed appearance. The inner wall displays some slumping along the edges, particularly to the north and southeast, but little terrace development. The interior floor is relatively level with some irregularities in the eastern half.

The southeastern rim of this crater grazes the outer rim of the huge walled plain Harkhebi. It lies to the southeast of the crater Boss and to the northeast of the ruined walled plain Riemann.

Libration
In lunar astronomy, libration is the cyclic variation in the apparent position of the Moon that is perceived by observers on the Earth and caused by changes between the orbital and rotational planes of the moon. It causes an observer to see slightly different hemispheres of the surface at different times. It is similar in both cause and effect to the changes in the Moon's apparent size because of changes in distance. It is caused by three mechanisms detailed below, two of which cause a relatively tiny physical libration via tidal forces exerted by the Earth. Such true librations are known as well for other moons with locked rotation.

The quite different phenomenon of a trojan asteroid's movement has been called Trojan libration, and Trojan libration point means Lagrangian point.
The Child (1977 film)
The Child (also known as Children of the Night and Kill and Go Hide) is a 1977 American supernatural horror film directed by Robert Voskanian, and starring Laurel Barnett, Rosalie Cole, Frank Janson, and Richard Hanners. Set in the 1930s, it follows a young woman who takes a job as a nanny at a decrepit, isolated manor where a series of strange incidents begin to occur.

Supernatural horror film
Supernatural horror film is a film genre that combines aspects of supernatural film and horror film. Supernatural occurrences in such films often include ghosts and demons, and many supernatural horror films have elements of religion. Common themes in the genre are the afterlife, the devil, and demonic possession. Not all supernatural horror films focus on religion, and they can have "more vivid and gruesome violence".
Presidential standard of India
The presidential standard of India was a flag flown by the president of India from 1950 to 1971. It succeeded the flag of the governor-general of India (used during the 1947–1950 period of the Dominion of India) on 26 January 1950, when India became a republic. It ceased being used on 15 August 1971, when the president began using the national flag of India.

Republic Day (India)
Republic Day is a national holiday in India commemorating the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of India and the country's transition to a republic which came into effect on 26 January 1950.

The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the governing document of India, thus turning the nation from a dominion into a republic, following its independence from the British Raj in 1947. The constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The date was chosen because the Indian National Congress had proclaimed Purna Swaraj (complete independence) on that date in 1930.

Republic Day is commonly associated with parades, political speeches, cultural events and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and the traditions of India.
Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz flux equation
The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz flux equation (or GHK flux equation or GHK current density equation) describes the ionic flux across a cell membrane as a function of the transmembrane potential and the concentrations of the ion inside and outside of the cell.  Since both the voltage and the concentration gradients influence the movement of ions, this process is a simplified version of electrodiffusion. Electrodiffusion is most accurately defined by the Nernst–Planck equation and the GHK flux equation is a solution to the Nernst–Planck equation with the assumptions listed below.

Flux
Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance. Flux is a concept in applied mathematics and vector calculus which has many applications in physics.  For transport phenomena, flux is a vector quantity, describing the magnitude and direction of the flow of a substance or property. In vector calculus, flux is a scalar quantity, defined as the surface integral of the perpendicular component of a vector field over a surface.
Hello Friend (song)
"Hello Friend" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released on 10 November 1986 as the third single from his eighth studio album, On the Beach. The song was written by Rea, and produced by Rea and David Richards.

For its release as a single, Rea re-recorded the song and produced it alongside Stuart Eales. It reached No. 79 in the UK Singles Chart and remained in the Top 100 for six weeks.

The single's B-side is the first version of "Driving Home for Christmas" that Rea recorded. The song was re-recorded for New Light Through Old Windows in 1988 and released as a single in its own right. A special double 7-inch edition of the single was also released, containing two live tracks recorded earlier in 1986 at Montreux. The re-recorded version of "Hello Friend" was later included on the two-disc deluxe and remastered edition of On the Beach, released by Magnet in 2019.

On the Beach (Chris Rea album)
On the Beach is the eighth studio album by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in April 1986, and built on the success of the preceding Shamrock Diaries. It reached No. 11 on the UK Albums Chart (and also in Sweden), topped the Dutch charts (where it charted for more than nine months), reached number two in West Germany and No. 4 in New Zealand (where is also spent more than nine months in the charts). It also reached the top 10 in Norway. In 2019, a deluxe remastered version of the album was released.
Vinton Cassidy
Vinton Cassidy is an American politician from Maine. Vinton, a Republican, was elected a Washington County Commissioner in November 2013. He had previously served as State Senator from 1992 to 1998, representing District 3 in Washington County. In 1992, he defeated incumbent Democrat Harry Vose to take the seat. He has also been appointed to state boards by two governors, Democrat John Baldacci and Republican Paul LePage.

Washington County, Maine
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, its population was 31,095, making it the third-least populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Machias. The county was established on June 25, 1789. It borders the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It is sometimes referred to as "Sunrise County" because it includes the easternmost point in the 48 contiguous United States. Claims have been made that Washington County is where the sun first rises on the 48 contiguous states.  Many small seaside communities have small-scale fishing-based economies. Tourism is also important along the county's shoreline, but it is not as important as elsewhere in the state. The blueberry crop plays a major role in the county's economy.
KYTN
KYTN (104.9 FM, "104.9 K-Y-T-N") is an American radio station broadcasting country music format. Licensed to Union City, Tennessee, United States, the station serves the Jackson, Tennessee and the Ken-Tenn area (Northwest Tennessee and the Jackson Purchase portion of Kentucky). The station is owned by Thunderbolt Broadcasting Company and features programming from Fox News Radio, Compass Media Networks, and Westwood One.

Fox News Radio
Fox News Radio is an American radio network owned by Fox News. It is syndicated to over 500 AM and FM radio stations across the United States. It also supplies programming for three channels on Sirius XM Satellite Radio.
U. Srinivas Mallya
Ullal Srinivasa Mallya (21 November 1902 – 19 December 1965) was an Indian politician. He served an 18-year tenure as a member of Parliament in Lok Sabha, from 1946 to 1965. He played a key role in development of undivided Dakshina Kannada.

Dakshina Kannada
Dakshina Kannada district is located in the state of Karnataka in India, with its headquarters in the coastal city of Mangaluru. The district covers an area nestled  between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon. It is bordered by Udupi district (formerly a part of this district) to the north, Chikmagalur district to the northeast, Hassan district to the east, Kodagu to the southeast and Kasaragod district of Kerala to the south. According to the 2011 census of India, Dakshina Kannada district had a population of 2,089,649. It is the only district in Karnataka to have all modes of transport - road, rail, water and air - due to the presence of a major hub, Mangaluru. This financial district is also known as the Cradle of Indian banking.
Xanthoparmelia surrogata
Xanthoparmelia surrogata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected by Hale from a large flat Table Mountain sandstone boulder in fynbos vegetation, at an elevation of 800 m (2,600 ft). The lichen thallus is dull yellowish green in color, has a leathery texture, and measures 6–10 cm (2.4–3.9 in) broad. Although it does not produce apothecia (fruiting bodies), pycnidia (asexual fruiting bodies) are common; these structures produce conidia (asexual spores) that have a bifusiform shape and measure 0.5 by 5–6 μm. The lichen contains salazinic acid, usnic acid, and skyrin.

Mason Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific American lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens.
Josef Isser
Josef "Pepi" Isser is an Austrian luger who competed in the 1950s.  He won two medals at the inaugural event at the FIL World Luge Championships in Oslo in 1955 with a silver in the men's doubles and a bronze in the men's singles events. His silver in the men's doubles was with his sister Maria marked the only time a woman ever won a medal in a men's event at a World Championships, Winter Olympics, or European Championships until the debut of a mixed team event at both the European and World Championships in the late 1980s.

Isser also won four medals at the European luge championships with two golds (Men's singles: 1956, Men's doubles: 1954), one silver (Men's doubles: 1951), and one bronze (Men's bronze: 1952).

In bobsleigh, Isser won three medals at the FIBT World Championships with one silver (Two-man: 1955) and two bronzes (Two-man: 1958, Four-man: 1962).

FIL World Luge Championships 1955
The FIL World Luge Championships 1955 took place in Oslo, Norway under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation in (in French)) under their "Section de Luge". It would be the only world championship under the FIBT until formation of the International Luge Federation (FIL) in 1957.
Kokkonen
Kokkonen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akseli Kokkonen (born 1984), Norwegian ski jumper

Ere Kokkonen (1938–2008), Finnish film director

Joonas Kokkonen (1921–1996), Finnish composer

Kiti Kokkonen (born 1974), Finnish actress and author

Lauri Kokkonen (1918–1985), Finnish author and playwright

Marketta Kokkonen (born 1946), Finnish city manager

Mikko Kokkonen (born 2001), Finnish ice hockey player

Pentti Kokkonen (born 1955), Finnish ski jumper

Sonja Kokkonen (born 1996), Finnish rhythmic gymnast

Taina Kokkonen (born 1975), Finnish singer

Terhi Kokkonen (born 1974), Finnish musician

Veli-Pekka Kokkonen (born 1966), Finnish high jumper

Akseli Kokkonen
Akseli Ensio "Axu" Kokkonen (born 27 February 1984) is a Norwegian former ski jumper who competed from 2001 to 2010. He originally had Finnish nationality, but from the 2009/10 World Cup season onwards he represented Norway.
Karen Roberts (television presenter)
Karen Roberts is a British-born television presenter. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, Roberts was an in-vision continuity announcer and newsreader for Border Television in Carlisle.

By 2002, she had joined the now defunct ITN News Channel (latterly ITV News Channel) as a presenter and was also a regular anchor of the ITV Morning News on ITV1. Roberts also freelanced as an overnight shift presenter for Sky News. Formerly worked for RTTV in Moscow, Russia from 2005–2010. She then worked and presented on CCTV News in Beijing, China from 2010 to 2012. As of 2012, Roberts works as a newsreader for the English service of France 24 in Paris. From October 2021-January 2022 Roberts read bulletins on GB News.

ITV News at 5:30
ITV News at 5:30 was an early morning news bulletin which was broadcast on the British television network ITV from 15 February 1988 until 21 December 2012. It was produced by ITN.

The 30-minute programme covered British national and international news stories, a brief business update, a look at the morning's newspapers and regular NBC News segments and was broadcast at 5:30 am every day. In the event of a major news story, they occasionally went live to the scene or crossed to the newsroom.
Swing Easy!
Swing Easy! is the eighth studio album by Frank Sinatra. It was released in 1954 as a 10" album (Capitol H-528) and consisted of only eight songs, as each side of the record only allowed approximately fourteen minutes of music.

In 2000 it was voted number 368 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.

Ted Fetter
Theodore Fetter (June 10, 1906 – March 13, 1996) was a Broadway lyricist who contributed material to such revues as The Show Is On (1936) and Billy Rose's Aquacade (1939), but is best remembered for co-writing the song "Taking a Chance on Love," introduced in the 1940 musical comedy Cabin in the Sky.
Breay
Breay is a surname of English, specifically Devonian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Claire Breay (born 1968), English manuscript curator and medieval historian

Lara Breay (fl. 2007), British film producer

Claire Breay
Claire Breay, MBE FRHistS (born 18 October 1968) is an English manuscript curator and medieval historian. She is the Head of Ancient, Medieval and Early Modern Manuscripts at the British Library, where she specializes in Western medieval manuscripts in the Department of Collections.
Cape Hansen
Cape Hansen is a cape which separates Marshall Bay and Iceberg Bay on the south coast of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. The name appears on a chart based upon a running survey of the islands in 1912–13 by Petter Sørlle, a Norwegian whaling captain.

Running survey
A running survey is a rough survey made by a vessel while coasting.  Bearings to landmarks are taken at intervals as the vessel sails offshore, and are used to fix features on the coast and further inland. Intervening coastal detail is sketched in.

The method was used by James Cook, and subsequently by navigators who sailed under—or were influenced by—him, including George Vancouver, William Bligh and Matthew Flinders.

In land surveying, the term can refer to establishment of a boundary by a combination of distance measurement, using Gunter's chain or similar, and direction, using a magnetic compass or astronomic means. The results obtained by such methods are irreproducible and open to legal challenge.
Shobhabazar Lal Mandir
The Lal Mandir is an old Hindu temple in the locality of Shobhabazar, at the crossing of Raja Nabakrishna Street and Jyotindra Mohan Avenue of Kolkata, India. It is said to be built by the Raja of Shobhabazar. It is located near Sobhabazar Metro Station entrance.

Metro Railway, Kolkata
Metro Railway, Kolkata, is the owner and operator of Kolkata Metro, the oldest metro system of India. On 29 December 2010, it became the 17th zone of the Indian Railways, operated by the Ministry of Railways.
Artjoms Osipovs
Artjoms Osipovs (born 8 January 1989) is a Russian-Latvian former professional footballer.

Previously he played for FK Ventspils, FK Blāzma Rēzekne, FC Tiraspol, FC Neman Grodno, JFK Olimps/RFS, FC Jūrmala and Skonto Riga.

SK Blāzma
SK Blāzma is a Latvian football club in Rēzekne. The club is a continuation of the city's main football club, Dižvanagi. The club competed in Virslīga in the 2008 season following promotion from the 1. Liga in 2007.