hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History Museum of Armenia
The History Museum of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի պատմության թանգարան, romanized: Hayastani patmut'yan t'angaran) is a museum in Armenia with departments of Archaeology, Numismatics, Ethnography, Modern History and Restoration. It has a national collection of 400,000 objects and was founded in 1920. Of the main collection, 35% is made up of archaeology-related items, 8% is made up of ethnography-related items, 45% is made of numismatics-related items, and 12% is made up of documents. It is regarded as Armenia's national museum and is located on Republic Square in Yerevan. The state financially supports the museum and owns both the collection and the building. The museum carries out conservation and restoration work and publishes works on Armenian architecture, archaeology, ethnography, and history. They also have published a series of reports on archaeological excavations since 1948. The museum carries out educational and scientific programs on Armenian history and culture as well.

Architecture of Armenia
Armenian architecture comprises architectural works with an aesthetic or historical connection to the Armenian people. It is difficult to situate this architectural style within precise geographical or chronological limits, but many of its monuments were created in the regions of historical Armenia, the Armenian Highlands. The greatest achievement of Armenian architecture is generally agreed to be its medieval churches and seventh century churches, though there are different opinions precisely in which respects.
Jackson Edward Betts
Jackson Edward Betts (May 26, 1904 – August 13, 1993) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio from 1951 to 1973. He also served as Speaker of the House in the Ohio Legislature.

Findlay, Ohio
Findlay (/ˈfɪnli/ FIN-lee) is a city in Hancock County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The second-largest city in Northwest Ohio, Findlay lies about 40 miles (64 km) south of Toledo. The population was 40,313 at the 2020 census. The principal city of the Findlay micropolitan area, it is home to the University of Findlay and the headquarters of Marathon Petroleum.
Konagaluru
Konagaluru is a village in the Mandal of Podalakur in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Total population of Konagaluru is 1073 .Males are 522 and Females are 551 living in 244 Houses. Total area of Konagaluru is 1520 hectares.

Administrative divisions of India
The administrative divisions of India are subnational administrative units of India; they are composed of a nested hierarchy of administrative divisions. India consists of 28 States and 8 Union Territories. These are divided into districts (some states group a set of districts as a division), followed by subdistricts (known in different local names like tehsils and talukas), which are divided into blocks, which consist of villages.

Indian states and territories frequently use different local titles for the same level of subdivision (e.g., the mandals of Andhra Pradesh  and Telangana correspond to tehsils of Uttar Pradesh and other Hindi-speaking states but to talukas or taluks of Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu).

The smaller subdivisions (villages and development blocks) exist only in rural areas. In urban areas, urban local bodies exist instead of these rural subdivisions.
Hentschel
Hentschel is a Germanic surname. People with this surname include:

Carl Hentschel (1864-1930), British artist, photographer, printmaker, inventor and businessperson, and the original of "Harris" in Jerome K. Jerome's Three Men in a Boat (1889)

Dan Hentschel (born 1996), American comedian and satirist

David Hentschel (born 1952), English recording engineer, writer and music producer

Erwin Hentschel (1917–1944), German Knight's Cross recipient

Falk Hentschel (born 1982), German actor

Franziska Hentschel (born 1970), German field hockey player

Holger Hentschel (born 1985), German politician

Johannes Hentschel (1908–1982), German master electro-mechanic

Klaus Hentschel (born 1961), German historian of science

Trent Hentschel (born 1982), Australian rules footballer

York Hentschel (born 1953), Canadian football player

Johannes Hentschel
Johannes Hentschel (10 May 1908 – 27 April 1982) was a German mechanic who served at Adolf Hitler's Reich Chancellery apartments in Berlin during World War II. He also served in the same capacity in Hitler's Führerbunker in 1945. He surrendered to Soviet Red Army soldiers on 2 May 1945.
Ronald E. Mickens
Ronald Elbert Mickens (born February 7, 1943) is an American physicist and mathematician who is the Fuller E. Callaway Professor of Physics at Clark Atlanta University. His research focuses on nonlinear dynamics and mathematical modeling, including modeling epidemiology. He also has an interest in the history of science and has written on the history of black scientists. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and served as the historian of the National Society of Black Physicists. He has made significant contributions to the theory of nonlinear oscillations and numerical analysis.

Mathematically Gifted & Black
Mathematically Gifted & Black (MGB) is a website that features the accomplishments of black scholars in mathematical sciences. In addition to highlighting the work and lives of established mathematicians in the African Diaspora, the platform aims to support the next generation of these mathematicians as they pursue career goals in mathematics and mathematical sciences fields.

Featured mathematicians must have a degree in mathematics that they use in their work and be recognized as a leader in research, education, industry, government, academia, or outreach.

Founders of MGB received the Association for Women in Mathematics’ 2022 AWM Presidential Recognition Award.
Abydikos
Abydikos (Medieval Greek: ἀβυδικός) was a Byzantine official charged with overseeing maritime traffic.

The term most likely derives from the city of Abydos on the Hellespont, and evidently originally referred to an official responsible for overseeing maritime traffic through the straits there. Helene Ahrweiler suggested that he was the successor of the archon or komes "of the Straits", attested in Late Antiquity; scholars debate whether the office is the same as the "paraphylax of Abydos", which often occurs on seals. Eventually the term was more broadly applied to all officials with similar duties, and abydikoi are attested in Thessalonica, Amisus, Chrepos, and Euripus.

The abydikos was a military official, equivalent to the rank of komes, in the Byzantine navy. The office was often combined with the post of kommerkiarios, a fiscal office responsible for inspecting and taxing commerce. The office survived until the 11th century.

Abydos (Hellespont)
Abydos (Ancient Greek: Ἄβυδος, Latin: Abydus) was an ancient city and bishopric in Mysia. It was located at the Nara Burnu promontory on the Asian coast of the Hellespont (the straits of Dardanelles), opposite the ancient city of Sestos, and near the city of Çanakkale in Turkey. Abydos was founded in c. 670 BC at the most narrow point in the straits, and thus was one of the main crossing points between Europe and Asia, until its replacement by the crossing between Lampsacus and Kallipolis in the 13th century, and the abandonment of Abydos in the early 14th century.

In Greek mythology, Abydos is presented in the myth of Hero and Leander as the home of Leander. The city is also mentioned in Rodanthe and Dosikles, a novel written by Theodore Prodromos, a 12th-century writer, in which Dosikles kidnaps Rodanthe at Abydos.
Qu River (Yunnan)
The Qu River (Chinese: 曲江; pinyin: Qǔ Jiāng) is a tributary of the Nanpan River (Pearl River) in Yunnan province, southwestern China. The Qu rises in southwestern Jiangchuan County and flows through the Yuxi City, Eshan Yi Autonomous County, Tonghai County, Jianshui County and Huaning County to reach its mouth at the Panxi Town of the Huaning County. The river has a length of 208 km and drains an area of 3,472 square km.

There are some distinct names for the river in different places:

Jiangchuan County: Jiuxi River (Chinese: 九溪大河; pinyin: JiǔXī DàHé)

Yuxi City: Zhou River (Chinese: 州大河; pinyin: Zhōu DàHé) or Yuxi River (Chinese: 玉溪大河; pinyin: YùXī DàHé)

Eshan Yi Autonomous County: Ni River (Chinese: 猊江; pinyin: Ní Jiāng) or Eshan River (Chinese: 峨山大河; pinyin: Éshān DàHé)

Tonghai County: Liucun River (Chinese: 六村大河; pinyin: Liùcūn DàHé)

Jianshui County: Zhuji River (Chinese: 竹鸡河; pinyin: Zhújī Hé)

Huaning County: Huaxi River (Chinese: 华溪河; pinyin: HuáXī Hé)

Jiangchuan, Yuxi
Jiangchuan District (Chinese: 江川区; pinyin: Jiāngchuān Qū) is located in Yuxi, Yunnan, China.

The district is known for its Gantangjing Paleolithic sites which contains traces of the use of fire, presence of prehistoric carnivorous fauna.
Hans Kuster
Hans Kuster (born 5 June 1920, date of death unknown) was a Swiss figure skater. He competed in the pairs event at the 1948 Winter Olympics.

Kuster married fellow Swiss figure skater and Olympian Luny Unold.

Figure skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Pairs
The pair skating event was held as part of the figure skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics. It was the seventh appearance of the event, which had previously been held twice at the Summer Olympics in 1908 and 1920 and at all four Winter Games from 1924 onward. The competition was held on 7 February 1948. Thirty figure skaters from eleven nations competed.
Yoran Brondsema
Yoran Brondsema is a Belgian entrepreneur and author. He is co-founder with business partner Thomas Ketchell, of education start-up Sutori in 2013 and finance investment platform, Curvo in 2021.

In 2018, he was named one of the ’30 Under 30’ in education by Forbes magazine.

He is co-author with Tim Nijsmans of ‘De Hangmatbelegger’ a book on passive investing in Belgium through Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) which was published in Flemish in 2023 and French in 2024.

Exchange-traded fund
An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a type of investment fund that is also an exchange-traded product; i.e., it is bought and sold on stock exchanges. ETFs own financial assets such as stocks, bonds, currencies, debts, futures contracts, and/or commodities such as gold bars. Many ETFs provide some level of diversification compared to owning an individual stock.
Griseargiolestes metallicus
Griseargiolestes metallicus is a species of Australian damselfly in the family Argiolestidae,
commonly known as a metallic flatwing. 
It has only been recorded from rainforests in the vicinity of Tully Gorge National Park in northern Queensland, where it inhabits streams.

Griseargiolestes metallicus is a medium-sized damselfly, black-green metallic in colour with pale markings, without pruinescence.
Like other members of the family Argiolestidae, it rests with its wings outspread.

Pruinescence
Pruinescence /ˌpruːɪˈnɛsəns/, or pruinosity, is a "frosted" or dusty-looking coating on top of a surface. It may also be called a pruina (plural: pruinae), from the Latin word for hoarfrost. The adjectival form is pruinose /ˈpruːɪnoʊs, -z/.
2005 Zentiva Czech Indoor Open – Women's doubles
The 2005 Zentiva Czech Indoor Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Průhonice, Czech Republic. The event was part of the 2005 ITF Women's Circuit. It was the first edition of the tournament and it was held from 14 to 20 November 2005.

The final was played among Czech players, Lucie Hradecká and Libuše Průšová won the title defeating Olga Vymetálková and Eva Hrdinová in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3.

Libuše Průšová
Libuše Průšová (born 13 July 1979) is a former professional Czech tennis player.

In her career, Průšová won eleven singles and six doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 21 October 2002, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 103. On 7 June 2004, she peaked at No. 46 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Carlos Ward
Carlos Ward (born May 1, 1940, in Ancón, Panama) was an American funk and jazz alto saxophonist and flautist. He is best known as a member of the funk and disco band BT Express as well as a jazz sideman.

Karl Berger
Karl Hans Berger (March 30, 1935 – April 9, 2023) was a German-American jazz pianist, vibraphonist, composer, and educator. He was a leading figure in jazz improvisation from the 1960s when he settled in the United States for life. He founded the educational Creative Music Studio in Woodstock, New York, in 1972 with his wife and Ornette Coleman, to encourage international students to pursue their own ideas about music.
Bill Lochead
William Alexander "Whip" Lochead (/lɑːˈhɛd/ lah-HEHD; born October 13, 1954, in Forest, Ontario) is a retired ice hockey forward and current hockey player agent. He started his junior hockey career in 1969–70 with the Sarnia Bees of OHA Western Jr. B league. In 1970-71 he established the current Western Jr. B goal scoring record of 72 goals in 42 games. Lochead was drafted 2nd overall to the OHA Oshawa Generals in 1971. He was then drafted 1st (9th overall) by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1974 NHL draft. He was also selected 3rd (32nd overall) by the Indianapolis Racers in the 1974 WHA draft. He was known as Billy Lochead during his playing days in the NHL and was nicknamed "Whip".

Indianapolis Racers
The Indianapolis Racers were a major league ice hockey team that played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1974 to 1978. They competed in four full seasons before folding 25 games into the 1978–79 season. They played at Market Square Arena. They were the first major league professional team to secure Wayne Gretzky and Mark Messier.
Nuclear spectroscopy
Nuclear spectroscopy is a superordinate concept of methods that uses properties of a nucleus to probe material properties. By emission or absorption of radiation from the nucleus information of the local structure is obtained, as an interaction of an atom with its closest neighbours. Or a radiation spectrum of the nucleus is detected. Most methods base on hyperfine interactions, which are the interaction of the nucleus with its interaction of its atom's electrons and their interaction with the nearest neighbor atoms as well as external fields. Nuclear spectroscopy is mainly applied to solids and liquids, rarely in gases. Its methods are important tools in condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry., and analysis of chemical composition (analytical chemistry).

Nuclide
Nuclides (or nucleides, from nucleus; also known as nuclear species) are a class of atoms characterized by their number of protons, Z, their number of neutrons, N, and their nuclear energy state.

The word nuclide was coined by the American nuclear physicist Truman P. Kohman in 1947. Kohman defined nuclide as a "species of atom characterized by the constitution of its nucleus" containing a certain number of neutrons and protons. The term thus originally focused on the nucleus.
Shoulder surfing (computer security)
In computer security, shoulder surfing is a social engineering technique used to obtain a user's authentication information without their permission. In a shoulder-surfing attack, observation may be conducted remotely or at close range by covertly looking over the target's shoulder. For example, a shoulder surfer may spy on a person entering their PIN in an ATM.

Authentication
Authentication (from Greek: αὐθεντικός authentikos, "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης authentes, "author") is the act of proving an assertion, such as the identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity.

Authentication is relevant to multiple fields. In art, antiques, and anthropology, a common problem is verifying that a given artifact was produced by a certain person, or in a certain place (i.e. to assert that it is not counterfeit), or in a given period of history (e.g. by determining the age via carbon dating). In computer science, verifying a user's identity is often required to allow access to confidential data or systems. It might involve validating personal identity documents.
Fate's Turning
Fate's Turning is a 1911 short silent drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and produced by the Biograph Company. It stars Charles H. West and features Stephanie Longfellow. It survives in the Library of Congress.

Charles West (actor)
Charles West (November 30, 1885 – October 10, 1943) was an American film actor of the silent film era. He appeared in more than 300 films between 1908 and 1937. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and died in Los Angeles, California.
Alberto Mayol
Alberto Manfredo Mayol Miranda (born 8 July 1976) is a Chilean sociologist, political analyst, and politician. An independent researcher, and author of several works on social sciences, politics, and culture, he was a candidate in the Broad Front 2017 presidential primary.

An opinion poll, conducted by La Segunda in 2017, ranked Mayol in fifth place among the most admired public intellectuals nationwide.

Catalonia (publisher)
Catalonia is a Chilean book publishing company based in Santiago. The company was founded by Arturo Infante Reñasco an editor active in Spain, Argentina and Chile, who in 2012 was ranked among the top-50 most influential Spanish language publishers. The company was founded in 2003.
2023 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem – Doubles
Sabrina Santamaria and Yana Sizikova defeated Lidziya Marozava and Ingrid Gamarra Martins in the final, 3–6, 6–1, [10–8] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 Morocco Open.

Eri Hozumi and Makoto Ninomiya were the defending champions, but chose not to compete together. Hozumi partnered with Ulrikke Eikeri, but lost in the first round to Marozava and Gamarra Martins. Ninomiya partnered with Monica Niculescu, but lost in the semifinals to Santamaria and Sizikova.

Ulrikke Eikeri
Ulrikke Pia Eikeri (born 16 December 1992) is a Norwegian professional tennis player.
On 22 April 2024, she peaked at No. 26 in the WTA doubles rankings. She also has a career-high singles ranking of No. 206, achieved on 16 April 2018.

Eikeri has won four doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and two doubles titles on WTA Challenger Tour, along with eleven singles titles and 32 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2022 French Open, alongside Joran Vliegen.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Eikeri had been ranked as high as No. 16 in the world.

Playing for the Norway Billie Jean King Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 36–28, as of June 2024.
Solar eclipse of March 16, 1942
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Monday, March 16 and Tuesday, March 17, 1942, with a magnitude of 0.6393. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Antarctica and southern Oceania.

Solar eclipse of May 9, 2032
An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, May 9, 2032, with a magnitude of 0.9957. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter will be near the average diameter because it will occur 5.7 days after perigee (on May 3, 2032, at 21:40 UTC) and 7.4 days before apogee (on May 16, 2032, at 23:20 UTC).

Since most of the path of this eclipse is narrow and passes over the South Atlantic Ocean, no land areas will witness annularity. However, a partial eclipse will be visible for parts of southern South America and Southern Africa.
Essex Street station
Essex Street station could refer to:

Essex Street station (Hudson–Bergen Light Rail), a light rail station in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States

Essex Street station (NJ Transit), a commuter rail station in Hackensack, New Jersey, United States

Essex Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line), a subway station in New York City, United States

Essex Street station (Hudson–Bergen Light Rail)
Essex Street station is a station on the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) located between Hudson and Greene Streets in Jersey City, New Jersey. There are two tracks and two side platforms.

The station opened on April 15, 2000. Northbound service from the station is available to Hoboken Terminal and Tonnelle Avenue in North Bergen.
Satire Ménippée
The Satire Ménippée (French pronunciation: [satiʁ menipe]) or La Satyre Ménippée de la vertu du Catholicon d'Espagne was a political and satirical work in prose and verse that mercilessly parodied the Catholic League and Spanish pretensions during the Wars of Religion in France, and championed the idea of an independent but Catholic France. The work was a collaborative effort of various functionaries, lawyers, clerics and scholars. It appeared at a time that coincided with the ascendance of Henry IV of France and the defeat of the League.

The title derives from the classical Greek and Roman literary genre "menippean satire", a form of carnivalesque literature in a free-form mixture of prose, verse and dialogue. Mikhail Bakhtin called the Satyre Ménippée "one of the greatest political satires of world literature".

Mikhail Bakhtin
Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (/ˈbɑːxtɪn/; Russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович Бахти́н, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ bɐxˈtʲin]; 16 November [O.S. 4 November] 1895 – 7 March 1975) was a Russian philosopher and literary critic who worked on the philosophy of language, ethics, and literary theory. His writings, on a variety of subjects, inspired scholars working in a number of different traditions (Marxism, semiotics, structuralism, religious criticism) and in disciplines as diverse as literary criticism, history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. Although Bakhtin was active in the debates on aesthetics and literature that took place in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, his distinctive position did not become well known until he was rediscovered by Russian scholars in the 1960s.
Vadim Anokhin
Vadim Vladimirovich Anokhin (Russian: Вадим Владимирович Анохин, born 2 January 1992) is a Russian male épée fencer.

He took up fencing in 2001 with coach Olga Abrosikova and joined in 2008 the junior Russian national team, with whom he became junior world champion in 2012 and U23 European champion in 2014. In the senior category, he won the 2015 Doha Grand Prix. He was named into the Russian team qualified to the 2016 Summer Olympics as the top épée fencer in national rankings.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.