hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mohammad Nazari
Mohammad Nazari (born 1971; Persian: محمد نظری) is an Azeri-Kurdish political prisoner from Iran. Nazari was arrested on May 30, 1994, by the Ministry of Intelligence in Bukan, West Azerbaijan Province, and was sentenced to death for his alleged membership in the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI). His sentence was later reduced to life imprisonment during the 1999 Eid-e-Qorban pardons by the Supreme Leader of Iran.

In 2012, Nazari sewed his lips and went on hunger strike in protest of authorities' disregard for his pleads. His demands were not met. As of 2017, Nazari has spent 24 years behind bars without any leave of absence, and his health has deteriorated as a result of protracted hunger strikes.

Lip sewing
Lip sewing or mouth sewing, the operation of stitching together human lips, is a form of body modification. It may be carried out for aesthetic or religious reasons or as a form of protest.

Sutures are often used to stitch the lips together, though sometimes piercings are made with needle blades or cannulas and monofilament is threaded through the holes. There is usually a fair amount of swelling, but permanent scarring is rare.
Electoral district of Footscray
The electoral district of Footscray is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It lies just west of Melbourne, covering the suburbs of Footscray, Maidstone, Maribyrnong, Seddon, West Footscray, and parts of Yarraville.

The seat was first created by The Electoral Act Amendment Act 1876 taking effect at the 1877 elections. It was abolished in 1904 and recreated in 1927.  In its current incarnation it has been held by the Labor Party for its entire existence. It has usually been a comfortably safe Labor seat, as it lies in Labor's traditional heartland of western and northern Melbourne.

Seddon, Victoria
Seddon is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Maribyrnong local government area. Seddon recorded a population of 5,143 at the 2021 census.

Located south of Footscray and north of Yarraville, Seddon was formerly a semi-industrial, working-class suburb. In recent years Seddon has experienced rapid gentrification due to its close proximity to the Melbourne City Centre.
Kalkaska Public Schools
Kalkaska Public Schools is a public school district in Kalkaska County in Northern Michigan. It serves Kalkaska and the townships of Blue Lake, Kalkaska, and Oliver. It also serves parts of the townships of Bear Lake, Clearwater, Cold Springs, Excelsior, Garfield, Orange, and Rapid River, and Springfield.

Excelsior Township, Michigan
Excelsior Township is a civil township of Kalkaska County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 991 at the 2020 census.

The township was established in 1875.  Portions of the township are served by the Excelsior Township School District 1, which is one of the last remaining one-room schoolhouses in the state.  The current township hall also served as a high school in the past and is listed as a state historic site.
K. Radhakrishnan (politician)
K. Radhakrishnan (born 24 May 1964) is an Indian politician who is the CPI(M) Parliamentary Party Leader  in 18th Lok Sabha and Member of the Lok Sabha for Alathur since 2024. A veteran leader of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), Radhakrishnan has previously served as a State Minister of Kerala from 2021 to 2024, and from 1996 to 2001.

He also served as Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 2006 to 2011. Radhakrishnan served in the Kerala Legislative Assembly for five terms, representing Chelakkara from 1996 to 2016 and again from 2021 to 2024.

He is CPI(M) Central Committee member and the All India President of Dalit Shoshan Mukti Manch (DSMM).

18th Lok Sabha
The 18th Lok Sabha was formed after general elections were held in India over seven phases from 19 April to 1 June 2024, to elect all members from 543 constituencies of the Lok Sabha. The results were declared on 4 June 2024. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a plurality of 
seats with 240, followed by the Indian National Congress (INC) with 99 seats With the required absolute majority being 272 seats, having 293 seats, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) coalition formed the government. Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi (BJP) is the Leader of the House and Rahul Gandhi (INC) is the Leader of the Opposition.
Christina Karlsson
Irma Christina Karlsson (later Wuopio, born 3 June 1946) is a retired Swedish speed skater. She competed in the 1500 and 3000 m events at the 1968 Winter Olympics and finished in 18th and 13th place, respectively.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Palatalization sign
The palatalization sign or palatalization mark is one of the historic signs of Cyrillic that was used in Old Church Slavonic to indicate the palatalization of the base consonant. An example of use is in the word избавитєл҄ь ('redeemer', palatalized л [lʲ]).

Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ ⓘ, US also /-lɪ-/) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, to the base letter. Palatalization is not phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian; Uralic languages such as Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Enets and Mansi; Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; and other various languages such as Irish, Lithuanian, Marshallese and Kashmiri.
Seismic zone
In seismology, a seismic zone or seismic belt is an area of seismicity potentially sharing a common cause. It can be referred to as an earthquake belt as well. It may also be a region on a map for which a common areal rate of seismicity is assumed for the purpose of calculating probabilistic ground motions. An obsolete definition is a region on a map in which a common level of seismic design is required.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Josue Ortega (academic)
Josue Ortega is a British academic and lecturer in economics at Queen's University Belfast. He is the author of a controversial article that suggests that the emergence of online dating has caused an increase in the number of interracial marriages in the US. Ortega's findings have been covered by international media, including Forbes, the Times, New Scientist, Business Insider and the MIT Technology Review. Ortega has been interviewed by Thinking Allowed at BBC Radio 4.

Ortega obtained his PhD at the University of Glasgow's Adam Smith Business School under the supervision of Professor Hervé Moulin. He received the Catherine Richards prize by the UK Institute for Mathematics and its Applications in 2016. He sits in the editorial board of Palgrave Communications and has published his research in the Journal of Mathematical Economics, the Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, Economics Letters and Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications.

Economics Letters
Economics Letters is a scholarly peer-reviewed journal of economics that publishes concise communications (letters) that provide a means of rapid and efficient dissemination of new results, models and methods in all fields of economic research. Published by Elsevier.

The journal was established in 1978 and the current editors-in-chief are Badi H. Baltagi (Syracuse University), Joao F. Gomes (Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania), Costas Meghir (Yale University), Pierre-Daniel Sarte, (Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond) and Roberto Serrano (Brown University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.097.
Vladyslav Vanat
Vladyslav Andriyovych Vanat (Ukrainian: Владисла́в Андрі́йович Вана́т; born 4 January 2002) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a striker for La Liga club Girona and the Ukraine national team.

Ukrainian Cup
The Ukrainian Cup (Ukrainian: Кубок України [ˈkubok ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is an association football national knockout cup competition run by the Ukrainian Association of Football. The competition is conducted almost exclusively among professional clubs. Since the 2003–04 season, the Cup winner qualifies to play the Ukrainian Premier League winner for the Ukrainian Super Cup.
Powadra
Powadra is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3 km from postal head office in Bilga, 12 km from Nurmahal, 14 km from Phillaur, 41.3 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 127 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Phillaur
Phillaur is a town and a municipal council as well as a tehsil in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. The city is situated 20 km from Ludhiana, 45 km from Jalandhar and 140 km from Amritsar. It is situated on the border of the Doaba and Puadh regions.This city was Founded by a Rajput Maharaja Ratan Pal Naru, during the 12-13th century to 1947 as Kingdom of Phulnagar, but later came to be known as Phillaur.
1824 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1824 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was an election held on April 21, 1824, to elect the governor of Rhode Island. James Fenner, the Jackson Republican nominee, beat Wheeler Marion, the Democratic Republican candidate, with 78.05% of the vote.

James Fenner
James Fenner (January 22, 1771 – April 17, 1846) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator as well as the 7th, 11th and 17th Governor of Rhode Island (on three occasions). He was the son of Arthur Fenner, the fourth governor of Rhode Island.
Hammond Pond Parkway
Hammond Pond Parkway is a historic parkway in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The road, built in 1932, extends 2 miles (3.2 km) from Hobart Road (at Beacon Street) in Newton to Horace James Circle in Brookline, where it joins the West Roxbury Parkway. It was designed by Charles Eliot and the Olmsted Brothers to provide a parkway setting that provided access from Brookline, Newton, and the western portions of Boston to the southern parks of the Emerald Necklace. The parkway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Charles Eliot (landscape architect)
Charles Eliot (November 1, 1859 – March 25, 1897) was an American landscape architect. Known for pioneering principles of regional planning, naturalistic systems approach to landscape architecture, and laying the groundwork for conservancies across the world. Eliot was instrumental in the formation of the Trustees of Reservations, the world's first land trust, played a central role in shaping the Boston, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Park System, designed a number of public and private landscapes, and wrote prolifically on a variety of topics.
Antonia Maria Verna
Antonia Maria Verna (12 June 1773 – 25 December 1838) was an Italian Roman Catholic religious sister and the founder of the Suore di carità dell'Immacolata Concezione. Verna left her hometown when she was fifteen due to increasing offers of marriage (which she did not want to accept) and returned sometime later when she decided to pursue her religious vocation. Her emphasis was on catechism and founded her religious congregation to better teach catechism to children as well as to tend to ill people.

Her beatification process launched after her death in the 1930s and she was titled as a Servant of God while the confirmation of her life of heroic virtue enabled for her to be titled as venerable on 19 December 2009. Pope Benedict XVI approved a miracle attributed to her intercession which would allow for Verna's beatification; Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone presided over her beatification in 2011 on the pope's behalf.

Heroic virtue
Heroic virtue is the translation of a phrase coined by Augustine of Hippo to describe the virtue of early Christian martyrs. The phrase is used by the Roman Catholic Church.

The Greek pagan term hero described a person with possibly superhuman abilities and great goodness. "[I]t connotes a degree of bravery, fame, and distinction which places a man high above his fellows". The term was later applied to other highly virtuous people who do extraordinary good works.
The Last Frontier (1926 film)
The Last Frontier is a 1926 American silent Western film directed by George B. Seitz and starring William Boyd, Marguerite De La Motte, and Jack Hoxie.  The plot of this film was later reused in the 1948 Columbia Pictures serial Tex Granger.

William Boyd (actor)
William Lawrence Boyd (June 5, 1895 – September 12, 1972) was an American actor and film producer, known for portraying the cowboy hero Hopalong Cassidy in dozens of Western films released during the 1930s and '40s.
Catholic Guides of Ireland
The Catholic Guides of Ireland (Irish: Banóglaigh Catoilicí na hÉireann)  is one of the two Guiding organisations in the Republic of Ireland. It has members in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Catholic Guides of Ireland began in 1928 and thus in 2003 celebrated 75 years of Guiding in Ireland.

Together with the Irish Girl Guides, it forms the Council of Irish Guiding Associations. In total three Guide associations operate on the island of Ireland. The other two are Irish Girl Guides (IGG) and Girlguiding Ulster, part of Girlguiding UK.

Girlguiding Ulster
Girlguiding Ulster is one of the nine regions of Girlguiding UK. Its headquarters are at Lorne House, County Down. In 2006, there were approximately 500 units across Northern Ireland.

In 1974, the Guides' headquarters in Belfast were burned down.
Rodney Williams (wide receiver)
Rodney Allen Williams (born August 15, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for two seasons with the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He first enrolled at Los Angeles Pierce College before transferring to play college football for the Arizona Wildcats. Williams was also a member of the Barcelona Dragons, Green Bay Packers and San Diego Chargers.

Los Angeles Pierce College
Los Angeles Pierce College, shortened to Pierce College or simply Pierce, is a public community college in the San Fernando Valley neighborhood of Woodland Hills in Los Angeles, California. It is part of the Los Angeles Community College District and is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges. It serves 22,000 students each semester.

The college began with 70 students and 18 faculty members on September 15, 1947. Originally known as the Clarence W. Pierce School of Agriculture, the institution's initial focus was crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Nine years later, in 1956, the school was renamed to Los Angeles Pierce Junior College, retaining the name of its founder, Dr. Pierce, as well as his commitment to agricultural and veterinary study. (Pierce still maintains a 225-acre (91 ha) working farm for hands-on training.)
DXJR
DXJR (1575 AM) was a radio station owned by Cagayan de Oro Media Corporation. After existing as a commercial station in Cagayan de Oro from 2005 to 2012, it left the air before being taken over by the Rizal Memorial Colleges Broadcasting Corporation in 2014 and moved to Manolo Fortich. After being relaunched in 2017, DXJR provided programming for the Lumad community. Under harassment from government supporters, the station ceased broadcasting in January 2019.

Cagayan de Oro College
PHINMA – Cagayan de Oro College (PHINMA–COC) is a private non-sectarian college on Max Suniel St, Carmen, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. The college offers a wide range of courses including criminology, education, arts and sciences, engineering, commerce, nursing, and vocational education. It is one of the leading educational institutions in the country in the field of criminology, having produced a number of topnotch graduates since its inception in 1947. The college also offers preschool, elementary and secondary education, which primarily serve as laboratory schools for its teacher education programs.

PHINMA COC attracts students from Northern Mindanao, especially the provinces of Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, and Bukidnon. Most of these students stay in boarding houses throughout the city.

The official student publication The Oro Collegian. Its supreme student government is the Cagayan de Oro College – Central Student Government (COC – CSG).
YourTV (Canada)
YourTV (formerly TVCogeco and CogecoTV) is the brand of community channels owned by Cogeco. YourTV broadcasts into the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Some channels broadcast in both the English and French languages, often on separate channels, in which case the French-language station is branded NousTV.

Programming the channels is produced with the assistance of volunteers. This programming was created in response to CRTC regulations which previously required that cable companies produce local content (this is no longer required but strongly encouraged).

Canadian French
Canadian French (French: français canadien, [fʁãˈsɛ kanaˈd͡zjɛ̃]) is the French language as it is spoken in Canada. It includes multiple varieties, the most prominent of which is Québécois (Quebec French). Formerly Canadian French referred solely to Quebec French and the closely related varieties of Ontario (Franco-Ontarian) and Western Canada—in contrast with Acadian French, which is spoken by Acadians in New Brunswick (including the Chiac dialect) and some areas of Nova Scotia (including the dialect St. Marys Bay French), Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland & Labrador (where Newfoundland French is also spoken).
Codex Freerianus
Codex Freerianus, designated by I or 016 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 1041 (von Soden), also called the Washington Manuscript of the Pauline Epistles, is a 5th-century manuscript in an uncial hand on vellum in Greek.

It is named after Charles Lang Freer, who purchased it in Egypt. The Codex is now located in the Freer Gallery of Art at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, with the shelf number 06.275.

According to Guglielmo Cavallo, 016 comes from the Nitrian Desert.

Nitrian Desert
The Nitrian Desert is a desert region in northeastern Egypt, lying between Alexandria and Cairo west of the Nile Delta. It is known for its history of Christian monasticism.

There were three monastic centres in the Nitrian Desert in Late Antiquity. Around 330, Macarius the Egyptian established a monastic colony in the Wadi El Natrun (Scetis), far from cultivable land. In the 330s, Saint Amun founded Nitria, only 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Alexandria, using the rules of Saint Anthony. He founded a second centre, Kellia, on Anthony's suggestion, deeper into the desert. Kellia has been the object of scientific excavations. Only Scetis in the Wadi El Natrun remains a monastic site today.
1949 Australian coal strike
The 1949 Australian coal strike was the first time that Australian military forces were used during peacetime to break a trade union strike. The strike by 23,000 coal miners lasted for seven weeks, from 27 June 1949 to 15 August 1949, with troops being sent in by the Ben Chifley Federal Labor government to the open cut coal mines in New South Wales on 28 July 1949, with the workers returning to work, defeated, two weeks later.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Jason Quinn (chef)
Jason Quinn is a chef who won The Great Food Truck Race in 2011 and who is frequently a reference point in the development of culinary culture in Orange County, California.

As recently as the 1990s, award-winning restaurants in Orange County consisted mostly of national chain restaurants with traditional American or Tex-Mex comfort food, in the late 1990s, culinary restaurant groups were formed featuring nouvelle cuisine, gourmet burgers and more; later in 2007 the Marneaus founded Marché Moderne and Top Chef chef Amar Santana opened a branch of Charlie Palmer (closed 2015).

Against the backdrop of this initial culinary scene in Orange County, Quinn opened Playground in Downtown Santa Ana (now "Playground DTSA") and later, Playground 2.0.

In 2016, Quinn also opened three stands ("Noodle Tramp", "PFC", and "Wagyu Chuck") in the Downtown Santa Ana 4th Street Market food hall when it opened, but later closed them, but kept operating his bar there called "Recess Libations".

The Great Food Truck Race
The Great Food Truck Race is an American reality television and cooking series that debuted on August 15, 2010, on Food Network, with Tyler Florence as the host. Billed as a cross between Cannonball Run and Top Chef, this late summer show features several competing teams of three who drive across the United States in their food trucks and make stops every week to sell food in different cities.

The show's eighteenth season premiered on August 3, 2025.
Otello (1986 film)
Otello is a 1986 film based on the Giuseppe Verdi opera of the same name, which was itself based on the Shakespearean play Othello. The film was directed by Franco Zeffirelli and starred Plácido Domingo in the title role, Katia Ricciarelli as Desdemona and Justino Díaz as Iago. For the film's soundtrack, Lorin Maazel conducted the Orchestra and Chorus of the Teatro alla Scala. The film premiered in West Germany on 28 August 1986 and received a U.S. theatrical release on 12 September 1986. It was nominated for a Bafta Award and a Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film.

Desdemona
Desdemona (/ˌdɛzdəˈmoʊnə/) is a character in William Shakespeare's play Othello (c. 1601–1604). Shakespeare's Desdemona is a Venetian beauty who enrages and disappoints her father, a Venetian senator, when she elopes with Othello, a Moorish Venetian military prodigy. When her husband is deployed to Cyprus in the service of the Republic of Venice, Desdemona accompanies him. There, her husband is manipulated by his ensign Iago into believing she is an adulteress, and, in the last act, she is murdered by her estranged spouse.