hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marie Torhorst
Marie Torhorst (28 December 1888 – 7 May 1989) was a German school teacher and political activist who became an East German politician.  She served as Minister for People's Education in the state of Thuringia between 1947 and 1950. Some sources identify her as "the first-ever female minister (on state or national level) in the history of Germany". Others are content to record that, within Germany, she was the first-ever female minister in the state of Thuringia.

Marie Torhorst stated and proved what is today known as the Carathéodory-Torhorst theorem in her 1918 doctoral dissertation. The dissertation was subsequently lost and Torhorst's contribution was for many decades overlooked; but in the twenty-first century mathematics scholars are happy to acknowledge and celebrate her work.

Neukölln
Neukölln (German: [nɔʏˈkœln] ⓘ; officially abbreviated Neuk), is one of the twelve boroughs of Berlin. It is located south-east of Berlin's center and stretches from the inner city southward to the border with Brandenburg, encompassing the eponymous quarter of Neukölln in the north, and the southern quarters of Britz, Gropiusstadt, Buckow and Rudow.

The borough was constituted in 1920, when the Greater Berlin Act came into effect. After World War II, Neukölln was part of the American sector during the Allied occupation of the city, and of West Berlin from 1949 until German reunification in 1990. Since the late 1950s, it has been characterised by one of the highest shares of immigrant residents in Berlin, especially in its urbanized and industrialized northern regions. An influx of students and artists since the mid-2000s has led to gentrification.
Majorana (surname)
Majorana is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benedetto Majorana della Nicchiara (1899–1982), Italian politician

Cristoforo Majorana (fl. c. 1480–94), Italian limner and painter

Ettore Majorana (1906 – dis. 1938), Italian theoretical physicist

Quirino Majorana (1871–1957), Italian experimental physicist

Cristoforo Majorana
Cristoforo Majorana (flourished c. 1480–94) was an Italian limner and painter. He was born in Naples, Italy. Majorana trained under Cola Rapicano. He produced work for Ferdinand of Aragon, Giovanni d'Aragona and Andrea Matteo Acquaviva. His work is held in the collections of the Walters Art Museum, National Library of France and the Fitzwilliam Museum.
Vhambelani Ramabulana
Vhambelani Edward Ramabulana (1929/1930 – 28 July 2022) was a South African politician and Venda traditional leader. He was the leader of the tribal authority in Ha-Maelula, a village in Makhado, Limpopo, about 30 kilometres northeast of Louis Trichardt. He was also a member of the Sinthumule tribal council.

Ramabulana represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly during the first democratic Parliament. He was not initially elected in the 1994 general election but joined during the legislative term, filling a casual vacancy. He did not stand for re-election in 1999. He died on 28 July 2022 at his home in Maelula after a long illness.

1999 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 2 June 1999. The result was a landslide victory for the governing African National Congress (ANC), which gained fourteen seats. Incumbent president Nelson Mandela declined to seek re-election as president on grounds of his age. This election was notable for the sharp decline of the New National Party, previously the National Party (NP), which without former State President F. W. de Klerk lost more than half of their former support base. The liberal Democratic Party became the largest opposition party, after being the fifth largest party in the previous elections in 1994. The number of parties represented in the National Assembly increased to thirteen, with the United Democratic Movement, jointly headed by former National Party member Roelf Meyer, and former ANC member Bantu Holomisa, being the most successful of the newcomers with fourteen seats.
The Great British Bake Off series 2
The second series of The Great British Bake Off started 14 August 2011 with twelve amateur bakers.  Unlike series one, the competition was held in a single location – the grounds of Valentines Mansion, a 17th-century mansion house in Redbridge. In addition to their on-screen presenting, Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins also took over the narration, which had been done by Stephen Noonan for the previous series. Series two also introduced the "star baker" award for the most impressive performer each week.

Three and a half thousand people applied for the competition, and twelve were selected. Each episode was filmed over two fourteen-hour days. The competition was won by Jo Wheatley.

Valentines Park
Valentines Park is a 52-hectare (130-acre) park, south of Gants Hill, it is the largest green space in the London Borough of Redbridge. The park was originally the grounds of Valentines Mansion, a residence built in 1696. Valentines Park holds a Green Flag Award and was voted one of the ten best parks in Britain in 2019.

The park, including Valentines Mansion, is managed on behalf of Redbridge Council by Vision RCL, a registered charity.
1997 Italian Indoor – Doubles
1997 Italian Indoor, Andrea Gaudenzi and Goran Ivanišević were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Gaudenzi with Marc Rosset and Ivanišević with Saša Hiršzon.

Gaudenzi and Rosset lost in the first round to Pablo Albano and Peter Nyborg, as did Hiršzon and Ivanišević to David Adams and Andrei Olhovskiy.

Albano and Nyborg won in the final 6–4, 7–6 against Adams and Olhovskiy.

Andrei Olhovskiy
Andrei Stanislavovich Olhovskiy (Russian: Андре́й Станисла́вович Ольхо́вский; pronounced [ɐnˈdrʲej ɐlʲˈxofskʲɪj] ⓘ; born 15 April 1966) is a former tennis player from Russia, who turned professional in 1989.
Spišská Nová Ves
Spišská Nová Ves (Slovak pronunciation: [spiʃskaː nɔvaː ves] ⓘ; Hungarian: Igló; German: (Zipser) Neu(en)dorf) is a town in the Košice Region of Slovakia. The town is located southeast of the High Tatras in the Spiš region, and lies on both banks of the Hornád River. It is the biggest town of the Spišská Nová Ves District.

Tourist attractions nearby include the medieval town of Levoča, Spiš Castle, and the Slovak Paradise National Park. A biennial music festival, Divertimento musicale, is held here, attracting amateur music ensembles from all over Slovakia.

High Tatras
The High Tatras or High Tatra Mountains (Slovak: Vysoké Tatry; Polish: Tatry Wysokie; Rusyn: Высокы Татры, Vŷsokŷ Tatrŷ; German: Hohe Tatra; Hungarian: Magas-Tátra), are a mountain range along the border of northern Slovakia in the Prešov Region, and southern Poland in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. They are a range of the Tatra Mountains chain.
Po Leung Kuk Camões Tan Siu Lin Primary School
Po Leung Kuk Camões Tan Siu Lin Primary School is a DSS primary school in Hong Kong, previously known as "Portuguese Community Schools, Inc., Escola Camões", in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The school has over 800 students from 18 countries.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Kazuo Yokoyama
Kazuo Yokoyama (Japanese: 横山和生; born March 23, 1993) is a Japanese jockey.

Kazuo was born into a family of horse racing, with his grandfather Tomio and father Norihiro being jockeys, as well as his younger brother Takeshi.

Kazuo earned his jockey license with the JRA following his graduation from the Horse Racing School in 2011, and raced against his father for the first time in a maiden race held at Nakayama Racecourse on March 5, 2011, where Norihiro finished 3rd and Kazuo 6th. Kazuo won his first race on April 30th with Laurel Cantata at Niigata Racecourse after 27 starts.

Kazuo won his first Grade I race in 2022 when he won the Tenno Sho (Spring) with Titleholder. This made him the third generation within the same family to have won the same race, with Tomio winning the race with Mejiro Musashi in 1971, and Norihiro winning the same race three times. That year, Kazuo also won, with Titleholder, the Takarazuka Kinen, which was another race won by both his grandfather and father.

Niigata Racecourse
Niigata Racecourse (新潟競馬場, Niigata keibajō) is located in Kita-ku Niigata, Niigata in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is used for horse racing. It was built in 1965. The capacity of the grandstand is 75,000.
1931 Grand National
The 1931 Grand National was the 90th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 27 March 1931.

The steeplechase was won by Grakle, at odds of 100/6. The nine-year-old was ridden by jockey Bob Lyall and trained by Tom Coulthwaite for owner Cecil Taylor, who collected the £9,310 prize.

Gregalach, winner in 1929, finished in second place; Annandale was third and Rhyticere fourth. Forty-three horses ran and all but two returned safely to the stables. Swift Roland was fatally injured at Becher's Brook when another faller landed on him, and Drin was euthanised after incurring a leg fracture at Valentine's Brook.

Animal euthanasia
Animal euthanasia (euthanasia from Greek: εὐθανασία; "good death") is the act of killing an animal humanely, most commonly with injectable drugs. Reasons for euthanasia include terminal, incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control.

In domesticated animals, the discussion of animal euthanasia may be substituted with euphemisms, such as "put down" or "put to sleep" to make the wording less harsh.
Sri Lanka at the 2022 Asian Games
Sri Lanka competed at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, China from September 23 to October 8, 2023. This was Sri Lanka's 19th appearance at the Asian Games, having competed at every Games since the second edition in 1951.

Originally on July 26, 2023, a team of 96 athletes (62 men and 34 women) were named to the team competing in 21 sports. A total of 57 officials (including coaches) were also included in the final delegation. In September 2023, two track and field athletes withdrew due to injury, while a male artistic gymnast was added, bringing the final team to 95 athletes (61 men and 34 women). The 95 athletes marked a decline of 78 athletes from the 2018 Asian Games, because the country chose only athletes with medal winning possibilities.

On September 14, 2023 it was announced golfer Anura Rohana and athlete Gayanthika Abeyratne would be the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. At the age of 52, Rohana became the oldest flagbearer in Asian Games history.

Anura Rohana
Anura Rohana (born 11 September 1973) is a Sri Lankan professional golfer. He plays primarily on the Professional Golf Tour of India, where he has won three times. He also plays on the Asian Tour and Asian Development Tour, primarily in events played in India. He won a silver medal at the 2002 Asian Games.
Calponin
Calponin is a calcium binding protein. Calponin tonically inhibits the ATPase activity of myosin in smooth muscle. Phosphorylation of calponin by a protein kinase, which is dependent upon calcium binding to calmodulin, releases the calponin's inhibition of the smooth muscle ATPase.

Kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase (/ˈkaɪneɪs, ˈkɪneɪs, -eɪz/) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups to substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation.  Typically ATP is the phosphate donor. Kinases are pervasive, the human genome codes for about 500 of these enzymes.

Kinases are part of the larger family of phosphotransferases. Kinases should not be confused with phosphorylases, which catalyze the addition of inorganic phosphate groups to an acceptor, nor with phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups (dephosphorylation). The phosphorylation state of a molecule, whether it be a protein, lipid or carbohydrate, can affect its activity, reactivity and its ability to bind other molecules. Therefore, kinases are critical in metabolism, cell signalling, protein regulation, cellular transport, secretory processes and many other cellular pathways, which makes them very important to physiology.
Peter Johnston Jr.
Peter Johnston Jr. (January 6, 1763 – December 8, 1831) was a Virginia military officer, lawyer, politician and judge. He was raised in Prince Edward County, which he represented for many terms in the Virginia House of Delegates; he also served as that body's speaker between 1805 and 1807. During the last two decades of his life, Johnston served as judge of the southwest Virginia Circuit and resided in Abingdon.

Abingdon, Virginia
Abingdon is a town in and the county seat  of Washington County, Virginia, United States, 133 miles (214 km) southwest of Roanoke. The population was 8,375 at  the 2020 census. The town encompasses several historically significant sites and features a fine arts and crafts scene centered on the galleries and museums along Main Street.

Abingdon is part of the Kingsport−Bristol (TN) Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City−Kingsport−Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area − commonly known as the Tri-Cities region.
Singapore Naval Base
His Majesty's Naval Base, Singapore, also Her Majesty's Naval Base, Singapore (HMNB Singapore), alternatively known as the Singapore Naval Base, Sembawang Naval Base and HMS Sembawang, was situated in Sembawang at the northern tip of Singapore and was both a Royal Navy shore establishment and a cornerstone of British defence policy (the Singapore strategy) in the Far East between the World Wars. From 1921 to 1941 it was a  China Station base, from 1941 to 1945 a repair facility for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), and from 1945 to 1958 a Far East Fleet base. Today, it is a commercial dockyard but British military activity still exists at the British Defence Singapore Support Unit (BDSSU).

North Region, Singapore
The North Region is one of the five regions in the city-state of Singapore. The region is the second largest region in terms of land area, and has a population of 582,330. Woodlands is the regional centre and also the most populous town with 255,130 residents living in the area. Comprising 13,500 hectares of land area, it includes eight planning areas.

The relative isolation of the area from the Downtown Core meant relatively belated urban development and the greater abundance of natural greenery. Still, the region includes one of Singapore's largest new towns, Woodlands. Largely grouped into three new towns, it houses 129,000 residential housing units of various types, although public housing tends to dominate. Excluding naturally occurring green spaces, the region has 3 square kilometres of recreational spaces.
Lebia ornata
Lebia ornata is a species of ground beetle in the genus Lebia ("colorful foliage ground beetles"), in the family Carabidae ("ground beetles"). It was described by American entomologist Thomas Say in 1823.

It is found in a broad range across eastern North America, from Texas to South Dakota, east Nova Scotia, and south to Florida.

Thomas Say
Thomas Say (June 27, 1787 – October 10, 1834) was an American entomologist, conchologist, and herpetologist. His studies of insects and shells, numerous contributions to scientific journals, and scientific expeditions to Florida, Georgia, the Rocky Mountains, Mexico, and elsewhere made him an internationally known naturalist. Say has been called the father of American descriptive entomology and American conchology. He served as librarian for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, curator at the American Philosophical Society (elected in 1817), and professor of natural history at the University of Pennsylvania.
Bangladesh Navy
The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী, romanized: Bānlādeś Noubāhinī; abbreviated as BN) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for defending the maritime interests and territorial waters of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the Navy conducts maritime security, naval defense, surveillance, and disaster relief operations. Established after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a modern and professional force, actively participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and regional maritime security initiatives. The Bangladesh Navy today is typically categorized as a green-water navy both domestically and internationally.

Green-water navy
A green-water navy is a maritime force that is capable of operating in its state's littoral zones and has limited competency to operate in the surrounding marginal seas. It is a relatively new term, and has been created to better distinguish, and add nuance, between two long-standing descriptors: blue-water navy (deep waters of open oceans) and brown-water navy (inland waters, littoral and shallow seas).

As a non-doctrinal term with no concrete legal or political definition, it can be used in several different ways. It originated with the United States Navy, who use it to refer to the portion of their fleet that specializes in offensive operations in coastal waters. Nowadays such ships rely on stealth or speed to avoid destruction by shore batteries or land-based aircraft.
Leuchars Station
Leuchars Station (IATA: ADX, ICAO: EGQL) is a British Army installation located in Leuchars, Fife, on the east coast of Scotland, near to the historic town of St Andrews.

Formerly RAF Leuchars, it was the second most northerly air defence station in the United Kingdom (the most northerly being RAF Lossiemouth). The station ceased to be an RAF station in April 2015 when control of the site was transferred to the Army.

Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
The Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME /ˈriːmiː/ REE-mee) is the arm of the British Army that maintains the equipment that the Army uses. The corps is described as the "British Army's professional engineers".
Cucuron
Cucuron (French pronunciation: [kykyʁɔ̃]) is a village (commune) in the Vaucluse department, of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France. Its inhabitants are called Cucuronnais.

Located on the south side of the Luberon mountain range, Cucuron is surrounded by slopes of grapevines and olive trees. There are several cooperatives in the village, including for wine and olive oil production. The present village dates from earlier than the 11th century and suffered a serious plague epidemic in 1720. Its primary features are a long pond (l'étang) that occupies its main square, the ruins of a medieval keep, and two churches.

Cucuron features in two movies: A Good Year and The Horseman on the Roof (French: Le hussard sur le toit).

Vaucluse
Vaucluse (French: [voklyz]; Provençal: Vauclusa (Classical norm) or Vau-Cluso (Mistralian norm)) is a department in the southeastern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It had a population of 561,469 as of 2019. The department's prefecture is Avignon.

It is named after a spring, the Fontaine de Vaucluse, one of the largest karst springs in the world. The name Vaucluse itself derives from the Latin Vallis Clausa ("closed valley") as the valley ends in a cliff face from which the spring emanates.
All-National TV
All-National Television  (Russian: Общенациональное телевидение, Obshchenatsional'noe Televidenie, ONT; Belarusian: Агульнанацыянальнае тэлебачанне, Ahuľnanacyjanaľnaje teliebačannie, ANT) is  Belarus's second state-owned television station. Established on 15 February 2002 by decree of the President of Belarus, the station replaced relays of Channel One and currently broadcasts most of the channel's content.

Vremya
Vremya (Russian: Вре́мя, lit. 'Time'; pronounced [ˈvrʲemʲə]) is the main evening newscast in Russia, airing on Channel One Russia (Первый канал, Pervy kanal) and previously on Programme One of the Central Television of the USSR (CT USSR; Russian: Центральное телевидение СССР, ЦТ СССР). The programme has been on the air since 1 January 1968 (there were no broadcasts from August 1991 to December 1994) and has broadcast in color since 1974.
Colborne (surname)
Colborne is a surname. Notable people by that name include:

Col Colborne (1909–1987), Australian politician.

Francis Colborne (1817–1895), commander of British troops in China.

Howie Colborne (born 1950), Canadian ice hockey player.

John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton (1778–1863), British Army officer and colonial governor.

Joe Colborne (born 1990), Canadian professional ice hockey forward.

Michael Colborne (1934–2017), Royal Navy officer.

Michael Colborne, a journalist that worked in Bellingcat.

Nicholas Ridley-Colborne, 1st Baron Colborne (1779–1854), British politician.

William Colborne (1859–1945), member of the Queensland Legislative Council.

Howie Colborne
Howie Colborne (born June 28, 1950) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

During the 1973–74 season, Colborne played two games in the World Hockey Association with the Edmonton Oilers. His professional career was predominantly with low-level minor teams in the Southern Hockey League and North American Hockey League, playing a combined 206 games, on four teams, over three seasons.
Vidrga
Vidrga (pronounced [ˈʋiːdəɾɡa]; in older sources also Viderga) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. It lies north of Vače on the main road from Moravče to Izlake. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Vače
Vače (pronounced [ˈʋaːtʃɛ]; German: Waatsch) is a settlement in the Municipality of Litija in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.
Memory (Kane Brown and Blackbear song)
"Memory" is a song by American singers Kane Brown and Blackbear. It was released on July 9, 2021. The song was written by Brown, Ernest Keith Smith, Joe Kirkland, Andrew Goldstein and Blackbear, and produced by Blackbear and Goldstein.

Andrew Goldstein (musician)
Andrew Goldstein (born March 17, 1986) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was born in Reston, Virginia, and attended James Madison University, graduating in 2008.

Goldstein began his career by singing in the band The Friday Night Boys on Fueled by Ramen. He has worked across genres with a wide array of artists, including Maroon 5, Megan Thee Stallion, Katy Perry, Tate McRae, Addison Rae, Linkin Park, Britney Spears, Demi Lovato, 5 Seconds of Summer, Blink-182, Kane Brown, blackbear, Yungblud, Reneé Rapp, LANY, and ILLENIUM. He also releases music as a solo artist and is sometimes credited under the name FRND (disemvoweling of "friend").
Gazella praegaudryi
Gazella praegaudryi was a small species of prehistoric gazelle described from late Miocene sediments near Bou Hanifia, Algeria. It had lightly compressed horn cores and no forward turning metaconid of its P4 premolars, differentiating it from the earlier Miocene Gazella dentition recovered at Fort Ternan.

It has been characterized as "similar" to, though morphologically distinct from, fossils excavated from formations such as at Fort Ternan, Lothagam, and Namulungle.

Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.

The structures within the molars receive different names according to their position and morphology. This nomenclature was developed by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1907 and is, although with many variations, the one that continues today.