hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parenchymia
Parenchymia is a proposed clade encompassing Nemertea and Platyhelminthes. The clade was suggested in a 2019 study showing the clade as a sister to Annelida, with both groups together being sister to Lophophorata. The synapomorphies include similar organization of ciliary bands in the larva of both groups, as well as a lack of chitin, and is named for the abundant parenchyma found between the body wall and internal organs of both. A similar taxon, with Mollusca being likewise linked together with Symbion and Entoprocta, has been proposed in a clade called Tetraneuralia.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Hans Laurids Sørensen
Hans Laurids Sørensen (13 August 1901 in Hvalsø, Denmark – 14 November 1974 in Besser, Samsø, Denmark) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Danish team, which was able to win the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event in 1920.

Hvalsø
Hvalsø is a town and a former municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Sjælland on the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in east Denmark. The former municipality covered an area of 72 km2, and had a total population of 7,856 (2005).  Its last mayor was Virginia Holst, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. She was the first foreign national becoming mayor in a Danish municipality.
Premio Fernanda Pivano
The Fernanda Pivano Award for American Literature is an Italian literary award for American authors. It is named in honor of Fernanda Pivano.

The Fernanda Pivano Award represents the work of spreading American literature that Pivano undertook in Italy. The beginning of her literary journey dates back to 1943, with the publication of the first translation of the Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters.

Since 2009, the Award took over the specific objective of promoting the works of American writers in Italy.

Edgar Lee Masters
Edgar Lee Masters  (August 23, 1868 – March 5, 1950) was an American attorney, poet, biographer, and dramatist. He is the author of Spoon River Anthology (1915), The New Star Chamber and Other Essays, Songs and Satires, The Great Valley, The Serpent in the Wilderness, An Obscure Tale, The Spleen, Mark Twain: A Portrait, Lincoln: The Man, and Illinois Poems. In all, Masters published twelve plays, twenty-one books of poetry, six novels and six biographies, including those of Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, Vachel Lindsay, and Walt Whitman.
Platz glider
The Platz glider was a very simple, though unusual, collapsible canard glider designed and tested in Germany in the early 1920s. The Platz glider predated the well known Rogallo designs by over two decades. But in the same decade of the 1920s was a device that had also a high second deck: the Argabrite man-carrying device that featured a triangle undercarriage with wheels on the basebar.

The Platz glider was intended to provide a cheap, easily transported, and simple to fly introduction to the increasingly popular sport.

Francis Rogallo
Francis Melvin Rogallo (January 27, 1912 – September 1, 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer inventor born  in Sanger, California, U.S. Together with his wife, he is credited with the invention of the Rogallo wing, or "flexible wing", a precursor to the modern hang glider and paraglider. His patents were ranged over mechanical utility patents and ornamental design patents for wing controls, airfoils, target kite, flexible wing, and advanced configurations for flexible wing vehicles.
Márcia Pellicano
Márcia Pellicano (born 1 July 1970) is a Brazilian sailor. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in the women's 470, and both the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics in the Europe class. She is the older sister of fellow sailor Kiko Pellicano.

Europe (dinghy)
The Europe is a one-person dinghy designed in Belgium in 1960 by Alois Roland as a class legal Moth dinghy. The design later changed into its own one-design class.

The dinghy is ideal for sailors weighing 50–85 kilos. The hull is made of fibre glass and weighs 45 kg, fully rigged 60 kg. The dinghy is tapering in the stem and round in the bottom. The sail is made of dacron. The mast is made of carbon fibre and specially designed to the sailor. A soft mast is best for light sailors, while heavier sailors use stiffer masts. Sails are also specially designed according to mast stiffness and crew weight.

The Europe was introduced as an Olympic class in the 1992 Summer Olympics as the women's single-handed dinghy. It was replaced by the Laser Radial in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Since 2008 the Europe is one of the Vintage Yachting Classes at the Vintage Yachting Games.
Larry Silva
Hilarion "Larry" Cuenca Silva (October 21, 1937 – April 25, 2004), also known as Pipoy, was a Filipino comedian, film actor, television personality, boxer and politician, who served as 30th Vice Mayor of Manila from March 28 to June 30, 1998. He started as an amateur boxer before being discovered in the show business and appearing in numerous films. Beyond acting and being a prominent comedian, he also ventured into politics, wherein he was elected as a member of the Manila City Council multiple times from 1995 to 2004 and briefly as acting vice mayor in 1998.

Mayor of Manila
The City Mayor of Manila (Filipino: Punong Lungsod ng Maynila, sometimes referred to as, Alkalde ng Maynila) is the head of the executive branch of Manila's city government. The mayor holds office at Manila City Hall. Like all local government heads in the Philippines, the mayor is elected via popular vote, and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former mayor may return to office after an interval of one term). In case of death, resignation or incapacity, the vice mayor becomes the mayor.
Giraffe weevil
The giraffe weevil (Trachelophorus giraffa) is a species of small weevil endemic to Madagascar. They are black-bodied and have bright red elytra covering their wings. Giraffe weevils are known for their elongated necks, with the males having necks 2 to 3 times the size of their female counterparts. There are several advantages to their elongated necks, including using them for combat, attracting mates, building nests, and acquiring resources.  In the field of coleopterology, giraffe weevils are of interest because they exhibit sexual dimorphism.  There are other beetle species that share the common name giraffe weevil, like the New Zealand giraffe weevil Lasiorhynchus barbicornis.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
Jennyfer Marques Parinos
Jennyfer Marques Parinos (born 22 February 1996) is a Brazilian para table tennis player who competes in international elite competitions. She is a Paralympic bronze medalist, double Parapan American Games silver medalist and a World champion. She has won numerous team event medals with Danielle Rauen and Bruna Costa Alexandre.

Marques Parinos was diagnosed at a young age with a rare disease called X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) when she found walking unaided painful.

Parapan American Games
The Parapan American Games is an international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities held every four years after every Pan American Games. The first Games were held in 1999 in Mexico City, Mexico. The 2003 Parapan American Games was the last Parapan American Games that was not held in the same city as the Pan American Games. The most recent Parapan American Games were held between 17 and 26 November 2023, in Santiago, Chile.
It is organized by the Americas Paralympic Committee.
Stephanie Maxwell
Stephanie Angela Maxwell is an animator, filmmaker and Professor Emeritus in the School of Film and Animation at the Rochester Institute of Technology. She specializes in hand-painted experimental abstract animation. Her techniques include direct-on-film painting, motion painting, object animation, copier techniques, and live action manipulation. Most of her works are collaborations with composers.

Stephanie Maxwell's works have been presented in many international festivals and solo retrospectives, including the Northwest Film Forum, the Downtown Los Angeles Film Festival, and the Ottawa International Animation Festival. She was co-founder and co-director for 12 years of the ImageMovementSound festivals, an annual festival of collaborative productions by interdisciplinary artists.

Rochester Institute of Technology
The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private research university in Henrietta, New York, United States, a suburb of Rochester. It was founded in 1829. It is one of only two institutes of technology in New York state, the other being the New York Institute of Technology.

RIT enrolls about 21,000 students, of whom 18,000 are undergraduate and 3,000 are graduate students. These students come from all 50 states in the United States and more than 100 countries. The university has more than 4,000 faculty and staff. It also has branches abroad in Croatia, Kosovo,  and the United Arab Emirates. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Dasharna
Dasharna (Sanskrit:दशार्ण Daśārṇa) was an ancient Indian janapada (realm) in eastern Malwa region between the Dhasan River and the Betwa River. The name of the janapada was derived from the Daśārṇa, the ancient name of the Dhasan River. The janapada was also known as Akara and Rudradaman I in his Junagarh rock inscription referred to this region by this name. Kalidasa in his Meghaduta (Purvamegha, 24-25) mentioned the city of Vidisha as the capital of Dasharna. Other important cities of this janapada were Erakina and Erikachha. According to the Mahabharata, the queen of king Virabahu or Subahu of Chedi kingdom and the queen of king Bhima of Vidarbha (the mother of Damayanti) were daughters of the king of Dasharna.

Rudradaman I
Rudradāman I (r. 130–150) was a Śaka ruler from the Western Kshatrapas dynasty. He was the grandson of the king Caṣṭana. Rudradāman I was instrumental in the decline of the Sātavāhana Empire. Rudradāman I took up the title of Maha-kshtrapa ("Great Satrap"), after he became the king and then strengthened his kingdom.
Another Mississippi Sunday Morning
Another Mississippi Sunday Morning is an album of gospel and blues songs, sung by inmates at Parchman Prison. The recordings were made live at a chapel service in February 2024, and the album was released by Glitterbeat Records, a subsidiary of Glitterhouse Records, on January 17, 2025.

Glitterhouse Records
Glitterhouse Records is a German independent record label and mail order company based in Beverungen, North Rhine-Westphalia. It was founded in the mid-1980s. From the late 1980s until the mid-1990s it was the European branch of the American label Sub Pop. Since 1997 the annual Orange Blossom Special Festival has been staged behind the Glitterhouse headquarters. Glitterhouse created the subsidiary Glitterbeat Records label (2012) and Stag-O-Lee Mailorder record shop.
Arne Sande
Arne Sande (18 March 1905 in Moss, Norway – 31 May 1985 in Copenhagen, Denmark) was a Danish boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

In 1932 he was eliminated in the first round of the welterweight class after losing his fight to Patrick Lenehan.

Boxing at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Welterweight
The men's welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics.  The weight class was the fourth-heaviest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 147 pounds (66.7 kilograms). The competition was held from August 7, 1928 to August 11, 1928.
A Song in the Night (song)
"A Song in the Night" is a country music song written by Bobby Lee Springfield, recorded by Johnny Duncan.  It was the first of two singles from his 1977 LP, Come a Little Bit Closer.  Harmony vocals during the last minute of the song were provided by Janie Fricke.

Initially promoted as "his best record yet," the song went to No. 5 on both Billboard American and Canadian Hot Country Singles charts. It became his fourth of a string of seven Top Five hits.

Duncan's only song to cross over to the Pop charts, "A Song in the Night" also reached #105 in the U.S.

Johnny Duncan (country singer)
John Richard Duncan (October 5, 1938 – August 14, 2006) was an American country music singer-songwriter, best known for a string of hits in the mid- to late 1970s. In his career, he released 14 studio albums, including thirteen on Columbia Records. These albums produced more than 30 chart singles, with three of those reaching number one: "Thinkin' of a Rendezvous", "It Couldn't Have Been Any Better", and "She Can Put Her Shoes Under my Bed (Anytime)" from 1976, 1977, and 1978, respectively. Seven more of his singles were top-10 hits.
Edward McGlynn
Edward McGlynn (September 27, 1837 – January 7, 1900) was an American Catholic priest and social reformer who was controversial in Catholic circles for his acceptance of public schools. He actively promoted the political goals of Henry George and the single-tax movement and campaigned for George when he ran for mayor in 1886. McGlynn was censured and excommunicated from 1887 until 1892 on charges of disobedience and the suspicion of socialism.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Penjuru Crescent
Penjuru Crescent is an industrial area in Singapore, bounded by Sungei Jurong, Ayer Rajah Expressway, Penjuru Road, Jalan Buroh, Sungei Pandan, West Coast Highway and West Coast Park, on the peninsula of Tanjong Penjuru. Penjuru Crescent consists of mostly heavy industries and the first two railroad crossings of the Jurong Line.

It is accessible through Tower Transit  bus services 78, 79, 285 and SMRT bus service 176 at the southern border although SBS Transit and Tower Transit bus services 30, 51, 143 and 533 are found near the northern border.

West Coast Highway, Singapore
West Coast Highway (Chinese: 西海岸大路; Malay: Lebuhraya Pantai Barat; Tamil: மேற்கு கடற்கரை நெடுஞ்சாலை) is a major arterial road in Singapore which links Jurong industrial estate and Clementi New Town to the city. It is an at-grade road from its junction with Pandan Loop and West Coast Road to its interchange with Pasir Panjang Road, where it becomes a grade-separated viaduct; the viaduct merges with Keppel Road before its interchange with Ayer Rajah Expressway. The total length of the highway is 11 km. The viaduct is newer than the at-grade section, having been completed in 2006.

Despite what its name may suggest, the speed limit on the highway is less than that of an expressway. The highway also has a few traffic light junctions, something that expressways do not have. The at-grade section of the highway is a three-lane dual carriageway, and the viaduct is a two-lane dual carriageway with a 1-metre hard shoulder. At a length of 5 km, the viaduct is the longest in Singapore.
Muga silk
Muga silk is a variety of wild silk geographically tagged to the state of Assam in India. The silk is known for its extreme durability and has a  natural yellowish-golden tint with a shimmering, glossy texture. It was previously reserved for the use of royalty. Muga is one of the three major types of indigenous wild silks produced in Assam, and is a key variety of Assam silk renowned for its natural golden color

In the Brahmaputra Valley, the larvae of the Assam silkmoth feed on aromatic Som (Machilus bombycina) and Sualu (Litsea polyantha) leaves. Muga silk can be dyed after bleaching. This silk can be hand-washed with its lustre increasing after every wash. Muga silk, like other Assam silks, is used in products like saris, mekhalas and chadors.

Brahmaputra Valley
The Brahmaputra Valley (also Assam Valley) is a region situated between hill ranges of the eastern Himalayan range of Assam in Northeastern India.

The valley consists of the Western Brahmaputra Valley covering the regions of Goalpara and Kamrup; Central Brahmaputra Valley region covering Darrang, Nagaon and the North Bank and Eastern Brahmaputra Valley comprising districts of Sonitpur, Lakhimpur, Dibrugarh and Sivasagar. The Teesta River in North Bengal also drains into Brahmaputra River.

The Brahmaputra Valley has a total area of 71,516 km2 with containing 30 districts. Brahmaputra Valley with its rainforest-like climate contains some of the most productive soils in the world. The Brahmaputra River flows from Assam to Bangladesh where it meets the Ganges River to form the world's largest delta and finally flows into the Bay of Bengal in the south.
Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation
Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation (JAMSS) is a private company that provides training to astronauts and coordinates space experiments conducted at the International Space Station (ISS). The company assists the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in the operation of Japan's ISS Kibō module and the H-II Transfer Vehicle, and provides quality assurance for items heading to space through analysis of materials, parts, and software. JAMSS also provides opportunities for commercial use of space stations such as the Kirara service for the ISS. From 2023, JAMSS has been assisting Toyota in the development of the Lunar Cruiser crewed rover.

Employees of JAMSS include astronaut training instructors that provide ground training for astronauts conducting experiments at the Kibō module, and flight directors at the Kibō module Mission Control Room in JAXA's Tsukuba Space Center.

Funagata, Yamagata
Funagata (舟形町, Funagata-machi) is a town located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2020, the town has an estimated population of 5,101, and a population density of 43 persons per km². The total area of the town is 119.03 square kilometres (46 sq mi).
Orden Ogan
Orden Ogan is a German power metal band with folk metal elements. The band was formed in 1996 by Sebastian Grütling (drums) and Sebastian Levermann (lead vocals and guitar). They currently have three demos and seven studio albums and are signed with Reigning Phoenix Music. Prior to 2024, the band was signed with AFM Records.

They are also the organizers of the German metal festival WinterNachtsTraum, which has featured such bands as Rage, Sinister, Axxis, Ensiferum, Van Canto, and Agathodaimon.

Ensiferum
Ensiferum (Latin: ensiferum, n adj., meaning "sword bearing") is a Finnish folk metal band from Helsinki. The members of the band label themselves as "melodic folk metal". The group has released nine studio albums.
Adam Willis Wagnalls
Adam Willis Wagnalls (September 24, 1843 – September 3, 1924) was an American publisher. He was the co-founder of the Funk & Wagnalls Company in 1877.

Wagnalls was born in Lithopolis, Ohio, but moved away at age 5. Wagnalls attended Wittenberg College (now Wittenberg University) in Springfield, Ohio, where he became a Lutheran minister, with Isaac Kaufmann Funk. He married Hester Anna Willis, also a native of Lithopolis. They had one child, Mabel Wagnalls Jones.

Wagnalls died on September 3, 1924, in Northport, New York and is buried with his wife and their daughter at Lithopolis Cemetery.

Wittenberg University
Wittenberg University (officially Wittenberg College) is a private liberal arts college in Springfield, Ohio, United States. It had 1,326 full-time students drawn from 33 states and 9 foreign countries in 2022 but enrollment has declined. Wittenberg University is associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Although the college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, it was placed on probation in November 2025 for not meeting HLC criteria related to financial management.
Cookie (novel)
Cookie is a children's novel written by English author Jacqueline Wilson, published in October 2008 by Doubleday. It is illustrated, as are most of her books, by Nick Sharratt. The book was released on 9 October 2008.

The book was age-banded (as "9+") by the publisher, despite Wilson's opposition to the practice.

Jacqueline Wilson
Dame Jacqueline Wilson (née Aitken; born 17 December 1945) is an English novelist known for her children's literature. Her novels have tackled realistic topics such as adoption and divorce. Since her debut novel in 1969, Wilson has written more than 100 books.
Flodaigh (Outer Loch Ròg)
Flodaigh is an islet in outer Loch Ròg, Lewis, Scotland. It lies north west of Great Bernera and Little Bernera, south of Bearasaigh and Seanna Chnoc and west of Campaigh.

There are various islets and skerries surrounding the island including Fleisgeir, Sgeir an Saoidhean and the tidal Tamna.

There is no regular access to the island although boat excursions are available locally.

Loch Ròg
Loch Ròg or Loch Roag is a large sea loch on the west coast of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.  It is broadly divided into East Loch Roag and West Loch Roag with other branches which include Little Loch Roag. The loch is dominated by the only inhabited island Great Bernera and East Loch Roag is actually referred to as Loch Bernera on early maps, most notably Murdoch MacKenzie's original Admiralty Chart from 1776. The use of west and east to differentiate the sections of the loch appear from the original Ordnance Survey in the 19th century.