hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamavaran
Hāmāvarān (Persian: هاماوَران) is a place in Shahnameh and other Iranian writings. The consensus between scholars is that Hamavaran is usually identified with Yemen. According to Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, it is an altered form of Himyarite Kingdom.

Shahnameh
The Shahnameh is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of Iran from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.
Tim and Tom
Tim and Tom were an American comedy duo made up of Tim Reid and Tom Dreesen. DuPont marketing manager Reid and insurance salesman Dreesen met at a Junior Chamber of Commerce meeting near Chicago  in 1968.  They were "put together to promote an anti-drug program in the local schools" and, prompted by a comment from a child, decided to form a comedy team.  The team, later billed as "Tim & Tom", was the first interracial comedy duo (Reid is African-American and Dreesen is white).  Years later, Reid and Dreesen co-wrote a book about those years called Tim & Tom: An American Comedy in Black and White (ISBN 978-0-226-70900-0, co-written with sports writer Ron Rapoport).

A 1970 Jet article stated that the comedy duo were good examples of racial cooperation and had received national attention "in persuading young people against the use of drugs".

Double act
A double act (also known as a comedy duo) is a form of comedy originating in the British music hall tradition, and American vaudeville, in which two comedians perform together as a single act, often highlighting differences in their characters' personalities. Pairings are typically long-term, in some cases for the artists' entire careers. Double acts perform on the stage, television and film.

The format is particularly popular in the United Kingdom where successful acts have included Peter Cook and Dudley Moore (Cook's deadpan delivery contrasted with Moore's buffoonery), Flanagan and Allen, Morecambe and Wise, The Two Ronnies, and French and Saunders, Armstrong and Miller, and Mitchell and Webb. The tradition is also present in the United States with acts like Wheeler & Woolsey, Abbott and Costello, Gallagher and Shean, Burns and Allen, Olsen and Johnson and Lyons and Yosco. The British-American comedy double act Laurel and Hardy has been described as the most popular in the world.
Bouret-sur-Canche
Bouret-sur-Canche (French pronunciation: [buʁɛ syʁ kɑ̃ʃ], literally Bouret on Canche; Picard: Bouret-su-Canche) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
William Scot
William Scot (or William of Stitchill; died c. 1243) was a medieval Bishop of Durham-elect.

Scot was Archdeacon of Worcester in December 1218. He was elected to the see of Durham before 20 October 1226 but the election was quashed by Pope Gregory IX on 19 May 1227. He died about 1242 or 1243.

Scot may have been the father of Robert Stitchill, who was Bishop of Durham from 1260 to 1274.

Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.

He worked initially as a cardinal, and after becoming the successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy.
What a Farmwife Painted, 1940
What a Farmwife Painted was the first solo exhibition of works by Grandma Moses at the Galerie St. Etienne in October 1940.

Moses’ first exhibition had taken place the previous year with three paintings in the exhibition "Contemporary Unknown American Painters", at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1939. The interest generated there led to these three paintings The First Automobile, Home, and In the Maple Sugar Days being included in her first solo exhibition "What a Farmwife Painted" at the Galerie St. Etienne. It was organized by Louis J. Caldor and Otto Kallir and was a success, although Kallir felt the exhibition "included many of her early attempts in which her great talent was scarcely recognizable."

The list of 35 paintings included were referenced with numbers 1-34, taken from an old exhibition handout, in his 1976 catalogue raisonné by Otto Kallir:

Galerie St. Etienne
Galerie St. Etienne is a New York art gallery specializing in Austrian and German Expressionism, established in Vienna in 1939 by Otto Kallir (originally Otto Nirenstein). In 1923, Kallir founded the Neue Galerie in Vienna. Forced to leave Austria after the 1938 Nazi invasion, Kallir established his gallery in Paris as the Galerie St. Etienne, named after the Neue Galerie's location near Vienna's Cathedral of St. Stephen. In 1939, Kallir and his family left France for the United States, moving the Galerie St. Etienne to New York City. The gallery still exists, run by Otto Kallir's granddaughter Jane at 24 West 57th Street.
Petechia
A petechia (/pɪˈtiːkiə/; pl.: petechiae) is a small red or purple spot (< 3 mm in diameter) that can appear on the skin, conjunctiva, retina, and mucous membranes which is caused by haemorrhage of capillaries. The word is derived from Italian  petecchia 'freckle', of obscure origin. It refers to one of the three descriptive types of hematoma differentiated by size, the other two being ecchymosis (> 1 cm in diameter) and purpura (3 to 10 mm in diameter). The term is typically used in the plural (petechiae), since a single petechia is seldom noticed or significant.

Petechiae can be caused by a number of infectious or noninfectious conditions, or by physical trauma. The presence of petechiae in certain locations, such as the eyes or neck, are sometimes considered forensically significant, such as in cases of suspected strangulation.

Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system. Capillaries are microvessels and the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are composed of only the tunica intima (the innermost layer of an artery or vein), consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells. They are the site of the exchange of many substances from the surrounding interstitial fluid, and they convey blood from the smallest branches of the arteries (arterioles) to those of the veins (venules). Other substances which cross capillaries include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose, uric acid, lactic acid and creatinine. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymphatic fluid collected in microcirculation.
Connie Mak Kit-man
Connie Mak Kit-man (born 19 December 1954 in HK; Chinese: 麥潔文; Jyutping: Mak6 Kit3 Man6), also called Connie Mak and Kitman Mak, is a Hong Kong singer and actress. Her ancestral hometown is Qingyuan, Guangdong.

In 1977, she was the contestant of the Miss Hong Kong Pageant but did not win the title. She made albums for primarily Crown Records (娛樂唱片) and Cinepoly Records. Some of her songs are heard in Cantonese-language series and films. In 1983, Mak recorded "Rhine River Romance" (萊茵河之戀), lyricised by Cheng Kwok-kong (鄭國江) and composed by Joseph Koo. Hong Kong University professor, Stephen Chu (朱耀偉), called the song a fairy tale feeling. In 1989, she sang "Years of Silence" (歲月無聲), written by Gene Lau and composed by Beyond band member Wong Ka Kui, before the rock band Beyond re-recorded it in a rockier style.

She is married to actor Kwong Wa since 19 December 1992, with a son and a daughter.

On 16 October 2019, she held a concert called 《BACK月黑風高旺角夜麥潔文MUSIC 2019》.

Beyond (band)
Beyond was a Hong Kong rock band formed in 1983. The band became prominent in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, mainland China, and Overseas Chinese communities. The band is widely considered as the most successful and influential Cantopop band from Hong Kong. In 1993, band frontman and major composer Wong Ka Kui died at the age of 31, after an accident during the filming of a gameshow at Fuji Television in Tokyo. Beyond continued to perform, record, and release music after Wong Ka Kui's death. In 2005, the remaining members Paul Wong, Wong Ka Keung and Yip Sai Wing decided to pursue their own solo careers, and Beyond officially disbanded. They are one of the most-streamed Chinese groups on YouTube.
Transport in Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago, a country that relies heavily on industrialisation and tourism, has various transport systems. The nation drives on the left, and has a network of roads and highways. There is also some ports and smaller harbors, as well as highways.

Gross tonnage
Gross tonnage (GT, G.T. or gt) is a nonlinear measure of a ship's overall internal volume.  Gross tonnage is different from gross register tonnage.  Neither gross tonnage nor gross register tonnage should be confused with measures of mass or weight such as deadweight tonnage or displacement.

Gross tonnage, along with net tonnage, was defined by the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1969, and came into force on 18 July 1982.  These two measurements replaced gross register tonnage (GRT) and net register tonnage (NRT).  Gross tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port dues, whereas the older gross register tonnage is a measure of the volume of only certain enclosed spaces.
Arensky Glacier
Arensky Glacier (71°39′S 72°15′W﻿ / ﻿71.650°S 72.250°W﻿ / -71.650; -72.250) is an Antarctic glacier, lying 3 miles (5 km) east of Alyabiev Glacier and flows south from Beethoven Peninsula, Alexander Island, into the north end of Boccherini Inlet. The glacier was named by the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1987, after Anton Arensky, the Russian composer.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Arses of Persia
Arses (Old Persian: *R̥šā; Ancient Greek: Ἀρσής), also known by his regnal name Artaxerxes IV (/ˌɑːrtəˈzɜːrksiːz/; Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 Artaxšaçāʰ; Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης), was the twelfth Achaemenid King of Kings from 338 to 336 BC.

Arses ascended the throne, after his father Artaxerxes III—who had caused a resurgence of the Persian Empire—was poisoned by the eunuch Bagoas. The latter put Arses on the throne with the expectation of being able to control him. With the weakening of the Achaemenid Empire from the assassination of Artaxerxes III and the succession of Arses, the Greek league sent troops into Asia in 336.

Arses, in an attempt to free himself from Bagoas' influences, tried to have the eunuch poisoned; but did not succeed, instead succumbing to poison himself at the orders of Bagoas. Bagoas put Arses's cousin Darius III on the throne after him.

Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
National Reconstruction (Peru)
The name of National Reconstruction (Spanish: Reconstrucción Nacional) is given to the period following the War of the Pacific, which ended through the signing of the Treaty of Ancón on October 20, 1883. It takes place between the civil wars of 1884–1885 and 1894–1895, when an economic, political and social resurgence took place (although some historians extend it to 1919, when the presidency of Augusto B. Leguía begins). During this period, what was known as the Second Militarism (Spanish: Segundo militarismo) took place, also known as the Militarism of the defeat (Spanish: Militarismo de la derrota) in contrast to that which followed Peruvian Independence.

Antonio Arenas
Antonio Arenas Merino (July 13, 1808, Lima – December 27, 1891) was a Peruvian politician. He served as the President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1860 to 1862, and President of the Constituent Congress from 1884 to 1885.
Arenas served as the Interim Caretaker of Peru, officially as the President of the Government Junta of Peru, from December 3, 1885 to July 5, 1886. He also served as Prime Minister of Peru on several occasions.
Gauley Subdivision
The Gauley Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of West Virginia and Virginia. It was formerly part of the CSX Huntington East Division. It became part of the CSX Florence Division on June 20, 2016.

The line runs from Gauley, West Virginia, to Fola, West Virginia, for a total of 22.0 miles (35.4 km). At its east end the line continues west from the New River Subdivision and at its west end the track comes to an end.  It follows the Gauley River up to Belva, and then Twentymile Creek to its terminus.  It has junctions with the Norfolk Southern West Virginia Secondary twice, at Gauley Bridge and Belva.

West Virginia Secondary
The West Virginia Secondary is a rail line that connects Columbus, Ohio, to Charleston, West Virginia, and beyond to the Gauley River valley, ending in Enon, West Virginia.  The line is about 250 miles long.  It crosses the Ohio River over the Point Pleasant Rail Bridge.

The line was built in the late 19th century in segments by several railroads, most notably the Toledo and Ohio Central Railway and Kanawha and Michigan Railroad.  These were all acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1910, and later passed to Penn Central and then Conrail.  In 1999 it became part of Norfolk Southern Railway.  The majority of the line was acquired by Watco to form the Kanawha River Railroad in 2016, with the exception of a 9-mile segment owned by CSX Transportation in southeastern Ohio known as the Pomeroy Subdivision.
Mount (surname)
Mount is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anson Mount (born 1973), American actor

Balfour Mount (1939–2025), Canadian physician

Charles Mount (1928–1995), American artist

Deiontrez Mount (born 1993), American football player

Evelina Mount (1837–1920), American painter

Ferdinand Mount (born 1939), British writer, novelist and columnist for The Sunday Times

Harry Mount (born 1971), British author and journalist

James A. Mount (1843–1901), Governor of Indiana

Lambton Mount (1836–1931), Canadian-born Australian businessman

Mason Mount (born 1999), English footballer

Peggy Mount (1915–2001), English actress

Pete Mount (1925–1990), American professional basketball player and father of Rick

Rick Mount (born 1947), American professional basketball player and son of Pete

Rita Mount (1885–1967), Canadian artist

William Sidney Mount (1807–1868), American painter

Mason Mount
Mason Tony Mount (born 10 January 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Manchester United.

Mount began his senior club career with Chelsea, and joined Vitesse Arnhem and Derby County on consecutive loans between 2017 and 2019. He established himself as an integral player for Chelsea in the following years, and won the UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Super Cup, and the FIFA Club World Cup in 2021. He was named Chelsea Player of the Year in the 2020–21 and 2021–22 seasons. Mount left Chelsea in July 2023, and was signed by Manchester United for an initial transfer fee of £55 million.

Mount won the UEFA European Under-19 Championship with the England national under-19 team in 2017. He made his senior debut in 2019, aged 20, and was part of the England team at UEFA Euro 2020 and the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Karachi rail crash
The Karachi rail crash (also referred to as the Landhi rail disaster) was a train accident between the Fareed Express and the Bahauddin Zakaria Express that occurred on 3 November 2016 at 7:18 PST at Landhi station, in Karachi, Pakistan. The Fareed Express (from Lahore to Karachi) was parked at the Landhi station when the Bahauddin Zakaria Express, which was traveling from Multan to Karachi, collided with the Fareed Express from behind, killing 21 people and injuring 65 people. Minister of Railways Khawaja Saad Rafique originally attributed the crash to the engineers of the Bahauddin Zakaria Express for failing to see both yellow and red signals earlier en-route, but Senator Saeed Ghani attributed the crash to a green signal being accidentally activated on the track the Bahauddin Zakaria Express was traveling on.

Saeed Ghani
Saeed Ghani Khaskheli (Urdu:  سعید غنی خاصخیلی; born 8 July 1972) is a Pakistani politician who served as the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Labour and Information and Human Resources.  He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 to August 2023. Previously, he was a member of Provincial Assembly of Sindh from July 2017 to May 2018 and a member of the Senate of Pakistan. He is currently serving as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh for PS-105 Karachi East-IX and as the Provincial Minister for Local Government.
Kenzie Ruston Hemric
Kenzie Ruston Hemric (born October 12, 1991) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. She last competed in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East in 2015, driving the No. 4 Toyota Camry for Rev Racing. Hemric is married to current NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series driver and 2021 NASCAR Xfinity Champion Daniel Hemric.

Hemric began her professional stock car racing career in the 2011 ARCA Racing Series, driving four races for Venturini Motorsports. She later competed as a NASCAR Drive for Diversity member in the K&N Pro Series East, where she competed for three seasons (2013–15). Her best career finish came in 2014 at Iowa Speedway, where she finished second.

2021 NASCAR Xfinity Series
The 2021 NASCAR Xfinity Series was the 40th season of the NASCAR Xfinity Series, a stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season began at Daytona International Speedway with the Beef. It's What's for Dinner. 300 on February 13. The regular season ended with the Food City 300 at Bristol Motor Speedway on September 17. The NASCAR playoffs ended with the NASCAR Xfinity Series Championship Race at Phoenix Raceway on November 6.

Following the Food City 300 at Bristol Motor Speedway, A. J. Allmendinger of Kaulig Racing clinched the Regular Season Championship. Chevrolet took the Manufacturer Championship following the Dead On Tools 250 at Martinsville Speedway. At the season finale, Daniel Hemric of Joe Gibbs Racing scored his first career win and claimed the Xfinity Series championship. It was also the first Xfinity Series championship for the Toyota Supra.
Galah, Victoria
Galah /ɡəˈlɑː/ is a locality situated on the Mallee Highway and Pinnaroo railway line in the Sunraysia region of Victoria. It is situated about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west from Ouyen and 15 kilometres (9 mi) east from Walpeup.   It is in the local government area of the Rural City of Mildura.

Galah State School (No. 3955) opened in June 1917. The school was held at the Galah Hall until a school building from Lower Homebush was re-erected at Galah. The building was destroyed by fire in 1933, and the school returned to the Hall until the former Timberoo South School was moved there in 1934. The school closed in 1947, and the building was moved to Ouyen.

Galah North State School (No. 4262) opened in May 1926 and closed in 1942. The building was moved to Mildura Central School around 1950.

Walpeup
Walpeup /wɔːlpiːˈʌp/ is a town in the Mallee region of north west Victoria. The town is in the Rural City of Mildura local government area and on the Mallee Highway and Pinnaroo railway line between Ouyen and the South Australian border, 458 kilometres (285 mi) north west of the state capital, Melbourne and 130 kilometres (81 mi) south west of the regional centre of Mildura. At the 2016 census, Walpeup had a population of 158.
Armenians in Istanbul
Armenians in Istanbul (Armenian: Պոլսահայեր, romanized: Bolsahayer; Turkish: İstanbul Ermenileri) are a major part of the Turkish Armenian community and historically one of the largest ethnic minorities of Istanbul, Turkey. The city is often referred to as Bolis (Պոլիս) by Armenians, which is derived from the ending of the historical name of the city Constantinople.

Today, most estimations put the number of Armenian-Turkish citizens in Istanbul at 50,000, 60,000 or 70,000. They constitute the largest Christian and non-Muslim minority in Istanbul, as well as in Turkey. They are not considered part of the Armenian Diaspora by the Ministry of Diaspora, since they have been living in their historical homeland for more than four thousand years.

In addition to local ethnic Armenians who are Turkish citizens, there are also between 10,000 and 30,000 recent illegal immigrants from Armenia in Istanbul.

Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs
The Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության սփյուռքի գործերի գլխավոր հանձնակատարի գրասենյակ) is a government agency in Armenia in charge of coordinating and developing the country's relations with the Armenian diaspora. It was established on 11 June 2019 to replace the now-defunct Ministry of Diaspora.