hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vellore Assembly constituency
Vellore is a legislative assembly constituency in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 43. It includes the city of Vellore and forms a part of Vellore Lok Sabha constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

Vellore was one of the 17 assembly constituencies to have VVPAT facility with EVMs in the 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election. The most successful party is DMK, which has been elected seven times.

Tamil Nadu Legislature
The Tamil Nadu Legislature is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Legislature is composed of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and the state's governor.

Until 1 November 1986, the Tamil Nadu Legislature was a bicameral legislature which included the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council as the upper house, with the Legislative Assembly being the lower house.

In 2010, the erstwhile Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam government took steps to revive the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council and convert the legislature back into a bicameral one, but the administration lost power before completing the transition. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam government which assumed power in 2011 expressed its intent not to revive the Legislative Council.
Marcum
Marcum is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Art Marcum, American 21st century screenwriter

Deanna B. Marcum (1946–2022), American librarian and nonprofit leader

Diana Marcum (1963–2023), American journalist and writer

Eric Marcum, subject of the United States v. Marcum Court of Appeals case

John Marcum (born 1995), ARCA founder, NASCAR official

Johnny Marcum (1909–1984), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Justin Marcum (born 1984), American politician

Leo Marcum (1942–2023), American politician and lawyer

Shaun Marcum (born 1981), American former Major League Baseball pitcher

Tim Marcum (1944–2013), American football coach

Tim Marcum
Tim Marcum (February 10, 1944 – December 5, 2013) was an American football coach, best known for his long and successful career in the Arena Football League (AFL). He was the head coach of the AFL's Denver Dynamite in 1987, the Detroit Drive from 1988 to 1992 and the Tampa Bay Storm from 1995 to 2010. Marcum also served as an assistant coach in the NJCAA, NCAA, United States Football League, World Football League, NFL and the Arena Football League.

Marcum head coached in eleven ArenaBowl championship games, winning seven. Marcum was one of two men to win seven ArenaBowls (the other being Omarr Smith, who was a member of Marcum's 2003 championship team); and the only man to win seven ArenaBowls as a head coach (no other head coach won more than four). He was inducted into the AFL Hall of Fame in 1998. Marcum was one of the most successful coaches in the history of the sport of indoor football, and is considered the greatest coach in the Arena Football League's 32-year history.
Jaime Rios (judge)
Jaime Rios is a judge on the New York Supreme Court for Queens County. Prior to sitting on the Supreme Court, Judge Rios served on the New York City Civil Court and the Housing Court. Judge Rios holds a B.S. degree from City College of New York, a M.A. degree from New York University, and a law degree from Fordham University School of Law. Following law school, Judge Rios was a prosecutor in Kings County and later an attorney for the New York City Police Department. He also teaches landlord/tenant law at Fordham as an adjunct professor. He is also a co-chair of Fordham's Minority Mentorship Program for law students.
Judge Rios retired from the bench in December 2013.  Many attorneys mourned his retirement, noting that he was a consistent and fair jurist whose understanding of the law was generally above reproach.

New York City Civil Court
The Civil Court of the City of New York is a civil court of the New York State Unified Court System in New York City that decides lawsuits involving claims for damages up to $50,000 and includes a small claims part (small claims court) for cases involving amounts up to $10,000 as well as a housing part (housing court) for landlord-tenant matters, and also handles other civil matters referred by the New York Supreme Court. The court has divisions by county (borough), but it is a single citywide court.

It handles about 25% of all the New York state and local courts' total filings. The court consists of 3 parts: Housing, Small Claims, and General Civil. The court's jurisdiction includes ejectment actions, replevin of personal property within monetary limits, equity jurisdiction limited to real property actions, real property actions such as partitions, foreclosures within monetary limits, and actions to rescind or reform a contract.
Point View, Pennsylvania
Point View is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in eastern Blair County, along the southwestern edge of Catharine Township. It is in the valley of Township Run, which forms the boundary between Catharine and Frankstown Township. The small, steep valley is between Short Mountain to the east and the south end of Canoe Mountain to the west, and drains south to the Frankstown Branch of the Juniata River. Pennsylvania Route 866 is the southern edge of the CDP; the highway leads southeast down the Frankstown Branch 3 miles (5 km) to Williamsburg and west 0.5 miles (0.8 km) to U.S. Route 22, which continues west 9 miles (14 km) to Hollidaysburg, the Blair county seat.

Frankstown Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania
Frankstown Township is a township in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Altoona Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,399 at the 2020 census. The township was named after Stephen Franks, a pioneer citizen.
Woman with Animals
Woman with Animals, originally referred to as La dame aux bêtes and Portrait de Mme D.V. or Madame Raymond Duchamp-Villon, is a painting created late 1913 and completed during the month of February, 1914, by the French artist, theorist and writer Albert Gleizes. The painting was exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants, Paris, 1 March – 30 April 1914 (titled Portrait de Mme D.V.). Woman with animals is executed in a personal Cubist style noted by the fusing background and figure, the multiple perspective or successive views at various moments in time of the Mrs. Duchamp-Villon's face and other elements, the freestyle brushstrokes delineating juxtaposing planes. The work was restored in 1940 by Jacques Villon and Robert Delaunay. Formerly in the collection of Marcel Duchamp, the work—along with a 1913 lavis and gouache study of the same subject entitled La femme aux bêtes—has been in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, Italy, since 1940.

Société des Artistes Indépendants
The Société des Artistes Indépendants (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete dez‿aʁtist(z‿)ɛ̃depɑ̃dɑ̃], Society of Independent Artists) or Salon des Indépendants (pronounced [salɔ̃ dez ͜ ɛ̃depɑ̃dɑ̃]) was formed in Paris on 29 July 1884. The association began with the organization of massive exhibitions in Paris, choosing the slogan "sans jury ni récompense" ("without jury nor reward"). Albert Dubois-Pillet, Odilon Redon, Georges Seurat and Paul Signac were among its founders. For the following three decades their annual exhibitions set the trends in art of the early 20th century, along with the Salon d'Automne. This is where artworks were often first displayed and widely discussed. World War I brought a closure to the salon, though the Artistes Indépendants remained active. Since 1920, the headquarters has been located in the vast basements of the Grand Palais (next door to the Société des Artistes Français, the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, the Société du Salon d'Automne, and others).
Maura Mast
Maura B. Mast is an Irish-American mathematician, mathematics educator, and academic administrator, specializing in differential geometry and quantitative reasoning. With Ethan D. Bolker, she is the author of the textbook Common Sense Mathematics. Mast is dean of Fordham College at Rose Hill, part of Fordham University.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Mycolybas rufipennis
Mycolybas rufipennis is a species of beetle of the Erotylidae family. This species is found in Brazil (Amazonas).

Adults reach a length of about 8 mm. The colour of the elytra is ruby scarlet, while the head and pronotum are dark brown.

Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on each side. The prothorax never bears wings in extant insects (except in some cases of atavism), though some fossil groups possessed wing-like projections. All adult insects possess legs on the prothorax, though in a few groups (e.g., the butterfly family Nymphalidae) the forelegs are greatly reduced. In many groups of insects, the pronotum is reduced in size, but in a few it is hypertrophied, such as in all beetles (Coleoptera). In most treehoppers (family Membracidae, order Hemiptera), the pronotum is expanded into often fantastic shapes that enhance their camouflage or mimicry. Similarly, in the Tetrigidae, the pronotum is extended backward to cover the flight wings, supplanting the function of the tegmina.
Simon v. Commissioner
Simon v. Commissioner, 68 F.3d 41 (2d. Cir. 1995), was a decision by the Second Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals relating to the deductibility of expensive items or tools that may increase in value as a collectible but decrease in value if used in the course of a business or trade.

Collectable
A collectable, collectible, or collector's item is any object regarded as being of value or interest to a collector. Collectable items are not necessarily monetarily valuable or uncommon. There are numerous types of collectables and terms to denote those types. An antique is a collectable that is old. A curio is something deemed unique, uncommon, or weird, such as a decorative item. A manufactured collectable is an item made specifically for people to collect.
KNBL
KNBL (1260 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a farm and classic country format. Licensed to Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States, the station serves the Idaho Falls–Pocatello area. The station is owned by Frank VanderSloot's Riverbend Communications, LLC.

Pocatello, Idaho
Pocatello (/ˈpoʊkəˈtɛloʊ/ ⓘ) is the county seat of and the largest city in Bannock County, with a small portion on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation in neighboring Power County, containing the city's airport. It is the principal city of the Pocatello metropolitan area, which encompasses all of Bannock County in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Idaho.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Pocatello was 56,320. Pocatello is the 6th most populous city in the state, just behind Caldwell.

The city is at an elevation of 4,462 feet (1,360 m) above sea level and it sits on the Portneuf River in the Snake River Plain ecoregion. Pocatello covers a land area of 33.36 square miles (86.4 square kilometers).

Pocatello is the home of Idaho State University and the manufacturing facilities of Amy's Kitchen and ON Semiconductor Corporation; it is served by the Pocatello Regional Airport.
Cincinnati Street Gas Lamps
The Cincinnati Street Gas Lamps are a historic district in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.  Composed of more than 1,100 street lamps scattered throughout the city, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Cincinnati's system of streetlights has been seen as historic because it is representative of the application of early- to mid-nineteenth-century technology to daily life.  Prompted by a newly founded firm known as the "Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company," the city of Cincinnati began to implement streetlights in 1837.  An 1875 inventory counted 5290 public gas lamps connected by 170 miles (270 km) of mains and supply pipes. Today, perhaps 1,172 gas lights are in place in thirteen of the city's neighborhoods, as well as in certain portions of Columbia Township and Sycamore Township.  Included in the historic district are 1,109 of these lights, the oldest of which date back to 1843.

Columbia Township, Hamilton County, Ohio
Columbia Township is one of the twelve townships of Hamilton County, Ohio, U.S. At its founding in 1791, it was among Ohio's largest townships by area, but gradually shank to one of the smallest by early 1950s due to annexations by the City of Cincinnati, Norwood, Silverton, the Villages of Fairfax, Indian Hill, Mariemont and others. The 2020 census found 4,446 residents living in the township.
Lapteva Island
Lapteva Island (Bulgarian: остров Лаптева, romanized: ostrov Lapteva, IPA: [ˈɔstrof ˈɫaptɛvɐ]) is the island lying 1 km off the north coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The feature extends 900 m in north-south direction and 880 m in east-west direction.

The island is named after Gergana Lapteva, geologist at St. Kliment Ohridski base in 2006/07 and subsequent seasons.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Hall Cross Academy
Hall Cross Academy (formerly Hall Cross School and Doncaster Grammar School), is a co-educational academy in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England.
The 2012–2013 term saw the establishment change its name to Hall Cross Academy.
It is named after the Hall Cross on Hall Cross Hill, on the opposite side of the main road through Doncaster.

Salad Fingers
Salad Fingers is a British adult animated web series created by David Firth and Christian Webb in 2004. It revolves around the eponymous Salad Fingers, a thin, green humanoid creature with lettuce-like hands who inhabits a desolate world. As of September 2025, fourteen episodes have been published on YouTube and Newgrounds. The subject of a cult following, Salad Fingers has been described as a viral phenomenon and is considered a Flash animation classic.
Abernathy Municipal Airport
Abernathy Municipal Airport (FAA LID: F83) was a public use airport in Hale County, Texas, United States. It was owned by the City of Abernathy and located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) east of its central business district.

Abernathy, Texas
Abernathy is a city in Hale and Lubbock Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, Abernathy had a population of 2,865.

The Hale County portion of Abernathy is part of the Plainview micropolitan statistical area, while the Lubbock County portion is part of the Lubbock metropolitan area.
Royal Naval Reserve
The Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) is one of the two volunteer reserve forces of the Royal Navy in the United Kingdom. Together with the Royal Marines Reserve, they form the Maritime Reserve. The present RNR was formed by merging the original Royal Naval Reserve, created in 1859, and the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), created in 1903. The Royal Naval Reserve has seen action in World War I, World War II, the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan.

Landing craft
Landing craft are small and medium seagoing watercraft, such as boats and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault. The term excludes landing ships, which are larger. Production of landing craft peaked during World War II, with a significant number of different designs produced in large quantities by the United Kingdom and United States.

Because of the need to run up onto a suitable beach, World War II landing craft were flat-bottomed, and many designs had a flat front, often with a lowerable ramp, rather than a normal bow. This made them difficult to control and very uncomfortable in rough seas. The control point (too rudimentary to call a bridge on LCA and similar craft) was normally at the extreme rear of the vessel, as were the engines. In all cases, they were known by an abbreviation derived from the official name rather than by the full title.
Ferit Gümüş
Ferit Gümüş (born 1 January 1981) is a Turkish wheelchair basketball player and Paralympian. He is a 3 point player competing for Galatasaray Wheelchair Basketball Team, and is part of Turkey men's national wheelchair basketball team.

Ferit played in the national team, which qualified to the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

Galatasaray S.K. (wheelchair basketball)
Galatasaray Wheelchair Basketball Team is the wheelchair basketball section of Galatasaray SK, a major sports club in Istanbul, Turkey. Galatasaray play matches in 450-seat arena, called the Bahçelievler Engelliler Spor Salonu.
Bill Griggs
William Middleton Griggs, AM, ASM is a retired Australian Critical Care physician specialising in Major trauma, Disaster response, and Pre-hospital emergency medicine.

In 2006 Griggs became a Member of the Order of Australia for "service to medicine, particularly through trauma, emergency and care management and education, and critical care and retrieval and in support of the Australian Defence Force."

Griggs is one of the founding members of the Australasian Trauma Society and was president from 2001 to 2003. Griggs is the author of more than 75 publications and was described by Governor Hieu Van Le as "The face of trauma care and retrieval medicine in South Australia".

Griggs is currently a non-executive director of Super SA (since 2009), Return to Work SA (since 2013) and Funds SA (since 2018).

Pre-hospital emergency medicine
Pre-hospital emergency medicine (abbreviated PHEM), also referred to as pre-hospital care, immediate care, or emergency medical services medicine (abbreviated EMS medicine), is a medical subspecialty which focuses on caring for seriously ill or injured patients before they reach hospital, and during emergency transfer to hospital or between hospitals. It may be practised by physicians from various backgrounds such as anaesthesiology, emergency medicine, intensive care medicine and acute medicine, after they have completed initial training in their base specialty.

Doctors practising PHEM are usually well-integrated with local emergency medical services, and are dispatched together with emergency medical technicians or paramedics where potentially life-threatening trauma or illness is suspected that may benefit from immediate specialist medical treatment. This may involve travelling by car or air ambulance to the site.
Antillectual
Antillectual is a Dutch Punk or melodic hardcore band from the city of Nijmegen, founded in 2000.  Their lyrics are politically motivated and typically written in English. The band has toured extensively in the US, England, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Slovenia, Austria, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, and Luxembourg.  They have shared the stage with Rise Against, Strike Anywhere, A Wilhelm Scream, Against Me!, Anti-Flag, Ignite, Story of the Year, Strung Out, No Use For A Name, Bad Religion, Propagandhi, and NOFX.

No Use for a Name
No Use for a Name (sometimes abbreviated NUFAN or No Use) was an American punk rock band from Sunnyvale, California, formed in 1986 by Chris Dodge (guitar), Steve Papoutsis (bass) and Rory Koff (drums). The band's sound evolved considerably through its career, starting off as a Bay Area-influenced punk band, moving on to a much heavier metallic-tinted sound to finally taking on a much lighter brand of melodic punk as the years passed. Following Tony Sly's death on July 31, 2012, the remaining members chose to disband the group out of respect for him.
Quarterbridge, Isle of Man
Quarterbridge (Gaelic: Droichead an Cheathrú) (The Quarters or Quarter Dub: quarterlands of Ballabrooie and Ballaquayle) is situated soon after the 1 mile-marker measured from the TT Grandstand, part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races, at the junction of the primary A1 Douglas to Peel road, A2 Douglas to Ramsey road and the A5 Douglas to Port Erin road which forms the boundary between the parishes of Braddan and Onchan in the Isle of Man.

Ramsey, Isle of Man
Ramsey (Manx: Rhumsaa) is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man. It is the island's largest town after Douglas was granted city status in 2024.  Ramsey's population is 8,288 according to the 2021 Census. It has one of the biggest harbours on the Island, and has a prominent semi-derelict pier, called the Queen's Pier (currently under restoration). It was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland. Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by the Vikings and Scots.

Ramsey is also known as "Royal Ramsey" due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902.
Expatriation Act of 1868
The Expatriation Act of 1868 was an act of the 40th United States Congress that declared, as part of the United States nationality law, that the right of expatriation (i.e. a right to renounce one's citizenship) is "a natural and inherent right of all people" and "that any declaration, instruction, opinion, order, or decision of any officers of this government which restricts, impairs, or questions the right of expatriation, is hereby declared inconsistent with the fundamental principles of this government".

The intent of the act was also to counter claims by other countries that U.S. citizens owed them allegiance, and was an explicit rejection of the feudal common law principle of perpetual allegiance.

The Expatriation Act of 1868 was codified at 25 Rev. Stat. § 1999, and then by 1940 had been re-enacted at 8 U.S.C. § 800. It is now the last note to 8 U.S.C. § 1481.

Revised Statutes of the United States
The Revised Statutes of the United States (in citations, Rev. Stat.) was the first official codification of the Acts of Congress.  It was enacted into law in 1874.  The purpose of the Revised Statutes was to make it easier to research federal law without needing to consult the individual Acts of Congress published in the United States Statutes at Large.

After problems were quickly identified in the first edition, a second edition of the Revised Statutes was issued in 1878 that remedied some of those problems.  However, for the next 50 years, subsequent Acts of Congress were not regularly incorporated into the Revised Statutes, once again requiring researchers to use the Statutes at Large or unofficial codes.  This eventually led to the creation of the United States Code in 1926, which is now regularly maintained and updated.