hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feedforward (management)
Feed forward in  management theory is an application of the cybernetic concept of feedforward first articulated by I. A. Richards in 1951. It reflects the impact of Management cybernetics in the general area of management studies.

I. A. Richards
Ivor Armstrong Richards CH (26 February 1893 – 7 September 1979), known as I. A. Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, poet, and rhetorician. His work contributed to the foundations of New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained and self-referential æsthetic object.

Richards' intellectual contributions to the establishment of the literary methodology of New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism (1923), by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism (1924), Practical Criticism (1929), and The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936).
Llywelyn Aurdorchog
Llywelyn Aurdorchog (Welsh: "of the Golden Torc"; Latin: Torquatus; c. 1005 – c. 1065) was a Welsh noble who served as the penteulu ("War-chief") and Prime Minister of the King of Wales, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.

He was rewarded with the Lordship of Ial (English: "Yale") and Ystrad Alud, two commotes in northeast Powys. His arms were azure, a lion rampant guardant or.

Llywelyn traced his ancestry to Sandde, a different son of Llywarch Hen from that claimed by the kings of Gwynedd and Deheubarth.

His eldest son Llywelyn Fychan inherited his domain around the year AD 1065. His other sons were Iorwerth, Idris, Dolfyn, and Ednywain. His daughter Agnes wed Uchdryd ap Edwin Tegeingl, who was lord of Cyfeiliog and Meirion.

Kingdom of Powys
The Kingdom of Powys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈpowɪs]; Latin: Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. It very roughly covered the northern two-thirds of the modern county of Powys and part of today's English West Midlands (see map). More precisely, and based on the Romano-British tribal lands of the Ordovices in the west and the Cornovii in the east, its boundaries originally extended from the Cambrian Mountains in the west to include the modern West Midlands region of England in the east. The fertile river valleys of the Severn and Tern are found there, and this region is referred to in later Welsh literature as "the Paradise of Powys" (an epithet retained in Welsh for the modern UK county).
The Danish Constituent Assembly
The Danish Constituent Assembly (Danish. Den Grundlovsgivende Rigsforsamling) is a monumental oil painting by Constantin Hansen depicting the Danish Constituent Assembly's first meeting on 23 October 1848 at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark. The painting was commissioned by merchant and National Liberal politician Afred Hage in 1860 and later donated by his widow to the Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Castle in Hillerød where it is now on display.

Hillerød
Hillerød (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhiləˌʁœðˀ]) is a Danish town with a population of 36,604 (1 January 2025) located in the centre of North Zealand approximately 30 km to the northwest of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hillerød is the administrative centre of Hillerød Municipality and also the administrative seat of Region Hovedstaden (Capital Region of Denmark), one of the five regions in Denmark. It is most known for its large Renaissance castle, Frederiksborg Castle, now home to the Museum of National History. The town is surrounded by the former royal forests of Gribskov to the north and Store Dyrehave to the south.
Whitehead, Nova Scotia
Whitehead is a rural community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County.

As of 2011 the population of Whitehead consists of between 50 and 120 people. The location and geography of Whitehead is very typical of a coastal fishing village, in that it has various large rockformations and many small islands surrounding it. The harbour is protected by islands and points extending out into the bay from either side. Whitehead experiences large amounts of fog due to its relative location. Each year during the second week in August the annual Whitehead Days festival is held, with a parade, games for children, a beer garden, and many other attractions.

Guysborough County
Guysborough County (Scottish Gaelic: Siorramachd a' Mhainisdeir) is a historic county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The area was first inhabited by the indigenous Mi'kmaq, and was colonized by France in the 17th century. Following the defeat of France in North America, the area was settled by loyalists after the American Revolutionary War. The county was created when it was split from Sydney County in 1836. Guysborough County was divided into two administrative districts with separate councils and courts in 1879: Guysborough and St. Mary's. The town of Canso was incorporated in 1901, followed by Mulgrave in 1923. Canso was dissolved as a town in 2012.

While there has been no county administration since 1879, Guysborough County exists as a census subdivision. As of 2021, Guysborough County had a population of 7,373, down from a peak population of 18,320 in 1901. The largest communities are Canso, Mulgrave, Sherbrooke, and Guysborough.
2023 Monterrey Challenger – Doubles
Hans Hach Verdugo and Austin Krajicek were the defending champions, but only Hach Verdugo chose to defend his title, partnering Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela. Hach Verdugo lost in the semifinals to André Göransson and Ben McLachlan.

Göransson and McLachlan won the title after defeating Luis David Martínez and Cristian Rodríguez 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela
Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel ˈaŋxel ˈreʝes βaˈɾela]; born June 21, 1987) is a Mexican professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 49 achieved on 20 August 2018 and a career-high ATP singles ranking is No. 400 achieved on 17 June 2013. He has won two doubles ATP titles and has played multiple seasons of the Davis Cup, including on the 2011 Mexican Davis Cup squad.
Bonnie Doon, Victoria
Bonnie Doon is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Maroondah Highway, in the Shire of Mansfield. Bonnie Doon is 168 kilometres north-east of Melbourne via the Melba Highway. At the 2021 census, Bonnie Doon had a population of 666.

Melba Highway
Melba Highway is a highway that connects the outer eastern suburbs of Melbourne to the town of Yea, in Victoria's Upper Goulburn region. It is named after Dame Nellie Melba, a famed Australian opera singer of the early 20th century, whose former country estate lies at the southern end of the highway in Coldstream.
Callechelys leucoptera
Callechelys leucoptera is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Jean Cadenat in 1954. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, including Senegal to Côte d'Ivoire. It is known to dwell at a depth of 45 metres. It inhabits shallow waters where it forms burrows in the sand, which are sometimes exposed during low tide. Males can reach a maximum total length of 73 centimetres, but more commonly reach a TL of 50 centimetres.

Callechelys leucoptera is preyed upon by the African wedgefish (Rhynchobatus luebberti) and the white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus).

African wedgefish
The African wedgefish, guitarra, Lubbert's guitarfish, or spikenose wedgefish (Rhynchobatus luebberti) is a species of fish in the Rhinidae family. It is the only species in its genus to occur in the East Atlantic.
Xanthoparmelia hybrida
Xanthoparmelia hybrida is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Pilgrim's rest along the Treur River near the Bourkes Luck Potholes, at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) (Transvaal), where it was found growing on a sandstone boulder. The lichen has a yellowish-green thallus measuring 6–9 cm (2.4–3.5 in) in diameter, comprising somewhat irregular to linear lobes that measure 1–2.5 mm wide. It contains protocetraric acid, stictic acid, constictic acid, and usnic acid.

Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).
Alitak Seaplane Base
Alitak Seaplane Base (IATA: ALZ, FAA LID: ALZ) is a public use seaplane base located in Alitak, Lazy Bay, in the Kodiak Island Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is privately owned by Columbia Ward Fisheries.

Scheduled passenger service to Kodiak, Alaska, is subsidized by the United States Department of Transportation via the Essential Air Service program.

United States Department of Transportation
The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT or DOT) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is headed by the secretary of transportation, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

The department's fiscal year 2022–2026 strategic plan states that its mission is "to deliver the world's leading transportation system, serving the American people and economy through the safe, efficient, sustainable, and equitable movement of people and goods."
Vigdis Moe Skarstein
Vigdis Moe Skarstein  (born 24 December 1946) is a Norwegian librarian. She was born in Levanger.

She was appointed director of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology from 1998 to 2004. She served as director of the National Library of Norway from 2004 to 2014. From 2001 to 2009 she chaired the Arts Council Norway.

Levanger (town)
Levangerⓘ (Norwegian) or Levangke. (Southern Sami) is a town and the administrative center of Levanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The university town is located along the eastern shore of the Trondheimsfjorden, at the mouth of the river Levangselva. The town is located about half-way between the towns of Steinkjer and Stjørdalshalsen. Prior to 1962, Levanger Municipality was coterminous with the town of Levanger and its immediate vicinity, but since 1962, the town has just been once small area within a much larger municipality. The town houses a campus of the Nord University.

The 5.32-square-kilometre (1,310-acre) town has a population (2024) of 10,813 and a population density of 2,033 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,270/sq mi).
Pentland Group
Pentland Group Limited is a British privately held multinational company that owns and invests in retail and wholesale businesses in the sports, outdoor and sports fashion sectors. The company is the majority shareholder of JD Sports, which operates 2,420 stores across 19 countries. Pentland also owns Speedo, Berghaus, Canterbury of New Zealand, Endura, Boxfresh, Ellesse, Red or Dead and Mitre. It is the UK footwear licensee for Kickers and has a joint venture partnership for Lacoste footwear. The company also holds interests in other sectors.

With annual sales of $6.4 billion, Pentland Group is headquartered in London and employs more than 50,000 people.

In 2017, the Group was awarded the International Institute for Management Development Global Family Business International Award.

Kickers (brand)
Kickers is a brand created in 1970 in France that produces a wide range of footwear and clothing. Kickers was bought in 2007 by the Royer group.

Kickers are primarily popular amongst British school children, with Kickers 'Lo' style shoes being a popular choice of school shoes for British boys attending secondary school.
Apple Watch health monitoring patent dispute
In 2020, multinational technology company, Apple Inc., entered into a patent dispute with health technology company Masimo and its subsidiary, Cercacor Laboratories, over alleged employee poaching attempts and patent infringement regarding the company's Apple Watches.

Joe Kiani
Joe Kiani (Persian: ماس کیانی; born on September 16, 1964, is an Iranian-born American engineer, entrepreneur, and corporate executive. He is the founder of medical technology company Masimo, established in 1989, and Willow Laboratories, founded in 1998. In 2021, he was appointed by President Joe Biden to serve on the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). In 2024, Joe Kiani resigned as Masimo CEO after shareholders voted to remove him from the company's board. Kiani was subsequently sued by Masimo for allegedly conspiring with investment firm RTW Investments to manipulate the shareholder vote. Kiani is now the CEO of Willow Laboratories.
Saint-Laurent-le-Minier
Saint-Laurent-le-Minier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ loʁɑ̃ lə minje]; Occitan: Sent Laurenç del Minièr) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region in southern France. It is the southern village of the Cévennes mountains, crossed by the Vis river.

Vis (river)
The Vis is a 57.8-kilometre-long (35.9 mi) river in south-central France, in the Occitanie administrative region. It is a right tributary of the Hérault. Its source is in the Cévennes, near the village of Alzon. It flows between the Causse du Larzac and the Causse de Blandas into the Hérault and Gard departments. The Vis flows into the Hérault near Ganges.
Isaac José Pardo
Isaac José Pardo Soublette (Caracas, 14 October 1905 - 3 March 2000), was a Venezuelan intellectual of German-Jewish  extraction known for his essays: Esta tierra de gracia (1955) and Fuegos bajo el agua. La invención de la utopía (1983).

Also, was part of the Generation of 1928, movement against the dictatorship of Juan Vicente Gómez; founder of the party Unión Republicana Democrática (URD) in 1945, director of El Nacional, redactor of the humorist paper El Morrocoy Azul, and principal authority of the Supreme Electoral Council of Venezuela in 1963.

As physician, worked along with José Ignacio Baldó in the hospital of El Algodonal, facing the battle against tuberculosis in the zone.

Pardo won the National Prize for Literature in 1984. In 1999 received the Order of the Liberator and an honorary degree from the Simón Bolívar University.

The library of the CELARG, was named after him.

National Electoral Council (Venezuela)
The National Electoral Council (Spanish: Consejo Nacional Electoral, CNE) is the head of one of the five branches of government of Venezuela under its 1999 constitution. It is the institution that has the responsibility of overseeing and guaranteeing the transparency of all elections and referendums in Venezuela at the local, regional, and national levels. The creation of the CNE was ratified in Venezuela's 1999 constitutional referendum. Following the election of Nicolás Maduro into the presidency, the CNE has been described, by the president's opponents, as being pro-Maduro.
South-West Oxford
South-West Oxford is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within Oxford County. The township had a population of 7,664 in the 2016 Canadian census. A predominantly rural municipality, South-West Oxford was formed in 1975 through the amalgamation of Dereham and West Oxford townships and the village of Beachville.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Yokohama–Yokosuka Road
The Yokohama–Yokosuka Road (横浜横須賀道路 Yokohama-Yokosuka dōro, sometimes called the yoko yoko road

) is a toll road that links the city of Yokosuka, Kanagawa on the south end of the Miura Peninsula to Yokohama. It is numbered E16 under the "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."

Miura Peninsula
The Miura Peninsula (三浦半島, Miura-hantō) is a peninsula located in Kanagawa, Japan.  It lies south of Yokohama and Tokyo and divides Tokyo Bay, to the east, from Sagami Bay, to the west.  Cities and towns on the Miura Peninsula include Yokosuka, Miura, Hayama, Zushi, and Kamakura. The northern limit of the peninsula runs from Koshigoe, Kamakura in the west, across to Mt. Enkai, in the southern wards of Yokohama in the east, overlooking Tokyo Bay.
John Skelton (herbalist)
John Skelton (1805 – 1880) was born in Holbeton, South Hams, Devon. He recounted how he and his grandfather collected herbs locally for use by his grandmother who he described as the skilful doctress and midwife of the village.

Holbeton
Holbeton is a civil parish and village located 9 miles south east of Plymouth in the South Hams district of Devon, England. At the 2001 census the parish had a population of 579, down from 850 in 1901. By 2011 it had increased to 619.

The southern boundary of the parish lies on the coast (at Bigbury Bay), and it is surrounded clockwise from the west by the parishes of Newton and Noss, Yealmpton, Ermington, Modbury, and on the opposite bank of the ria of the River Erme, Kingston. The village, set back from the wooded shores of the river, is accessed by minor roads south of the A379 road, between the villages of Modbury and Yealmpton. Within the parish, north of the village, is the hamlet of Ford.
Israel Hershkovitz
Israel Hershkovitz (Hebrew: ישראל הרשקוביץ) is an Israeli anthropologist and anatomist, and a Professor Emeritus at Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences. Hershkovitz is known for his extensive study of skeletal remains from various prehistoric and historic populations in Israel, including significant discoveries from Qesem Cave, Misliya Cave, Skhul Cave, Geula Cave, Tinshemet Cave, Manot Cave and Nesher Ramla open-air site. He founded and led the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research and the Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, and he held the Tassia and Dr. Joseph Meyshan Chair of the History and Philosophy of Medicine.

Qesem Cave
Qesem Cave (Hebrew: מערת קסם) is a Lower Paleolithic archaeological site near the city of Kafr Qasim in Israel. Early humans were occupying the site by 400,000 until c. 200,000 years ago.

The karstic cave attracted considerable attention in December 2010, when reports suggested Israeli and Spanish archaeologists had found the earliest evidence yet of modern humans. Science bloggers pointed out that the media coverage had inaccurately reflected the scientific report.

Selective large-game hunting was regularly done followed by butchery of desired carcass parts for transport back to a residence for food sharing and cooking.
Larry King (musician)
Larry King is an American singer-songwriter, music producer, and band leader based in Chicago, Illinois. In the late 1980s King along with guitarist Keith Burnstine (Bluesmind, Mindspool) was the co-founder and lead singer of the Los Angeles glam rock band Human Factor, and after moving back to Chicago, founded the Larry King Orchestra in 1997. He founded MFO Entertainment Group a year later, and remains as president of the company. In 1999 King and John Blasucci founded Soleil Moon, an adult contemporary band that has since had two studio releases, and involved session musicians such as the London Symphony Orchestra, Kenny Aronoff, Todd Sucherman of Styx, Michael Thompson, Leland Sklar, Vinnie Colaiuta In 2012 Larry collaborated with Michael Thompson and became the new lead singer for the Michael Thompson Band under the Frontiers Records Label based in Italy. Frontiers also picked up the 'Soleil Moon – On The Way To Everything' record for international release in 2013.

Vinnie Colaiuta
Vincent Peter "Vinnie" Colaiuta (born February 5, 1956) is an American drummer known for his technical mastery who has worked as a session musician in many genres. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1996 and the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2014. Colaiuta has won one Grammy Award and has been nominated twice. Since the late 1970s, he has recorded and toured with Frank Zappa, Joni Mitchell, and Sting, among many other appearances in the studio and in concert.
Thoresway
Thoresway is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west from the B1225 road, 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast from Caistor and 6 miles (10 km) north-east from Market Rasen. The population (including Kirmond le Mire and Stainton le Vale) was 198 at the 2011 census.

Thoresway is recorded in Domesday Book as "Toreswe", and listed as having 62 households and two mills.  In an 1187 Gilbertine charter it was listed as "Toresweie". The name may derive from:-

Old Norse Þórirs vegr = "way of a Viking called Thórir", or

Old Norse Þórs væ = "temple of the god Thor".

The parish church is a Grade II listed building dedicated to Saint Mary and dating from the 12th century, although it was largely rebuilt between 1879 and 1886 by James Fowler of Louth. It was built of ironstone and limestone and has a 12th-century font.

Also in the village is a Grade II listed watermill dating from 1816.

Ironstone
Ironstone is a sedimentary rock, either deposited directly as a ferruginous sediment or created by chemical replacement, that contains a substantial proportion of an iron ore compound from which iron (Fe) can be smelted commercially.

Not to be confused with native or telluric iron, which is very rare and found in metallic form, the term ironstone is customarily restricted to hard, coarsely banded, non-banded, and non-cherty sedimentary rocks of post-Precambrian age. The Precambrian deposits, which have a different origin, are generally known as banded iron formations. The iron minerals comprising ironstones can consist either of oxides, i.e. limonite, hematite, and magnetite; carbonates, i.e. siderite; silicates, i.e. chamosite; or some combination of these minerals.
East Uniacke, Nova Scotia
East Uniacke is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in East Hants Municipality in Hants County.

East Uniacke Road is the main route passing through the area, connecting Trunk 1 to the south (via Etter Rd.) to Route 354 (Beaver Bank Road) to the north.

Nova Scotia Trunk 1
Trunk 1 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia's system of Trunk Highways.

It is located in the western part of the province and connects Bedford with Yarmouth via the Annapolis Valley. It was known for many years as "the Post Road". The route runs parallel to, and in some places has been replaced by, Highway 101.  Trunk 1 often forms the main street in communities that Highway 101 bypasses.

The highway is 323 km (201 mi) in length and hosts the Evangeline Trail scenic travelway for its entire length, as well as the Glooscap Trail scenic travelway for a section between Windsor and Wolfville.

Just east of Windsor, between Garlands Crossing and Currys Corner, Trunk 1 and Trunk 14 are duplexed for about 2 km.