hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Cowan (cricketer)
David Cowan (born 30 March 1964) is a former Scottish international cricketer who represented the Scottish national side between 1989 and 1999. He played as a right-arm pace bowler.

Cowan was born in St Andrews, and attended Bell Baxter High School in nearby Cupar. His club cricket was played for the Freuchie Cricket Club. Cowan made his debut for Scotland in May 1989, playing against Lancashire in the Benson & Hedges Cup. Against Northamptonshire in the 1990 edition of the competition, he took 3/36 from 11 overs, helping Scotland to a two-run victory. They were to be his best figures in List A cricket. Cowan made his first-class debut in June 1991, against Ireland, but made only sporadic appearances for Scotland over the following seasons. His first and only major international tournament was the 1997 ICC Trophy in Malaysia, although he played only match at the event (against Italy. Cowan made his last appearance for Scotland in the 1999 NatWest Trophy, against Dorset.

Cupar
Cupar (/ˈkuːpər/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Cùbar) is a town, former royal burgh and parish in Fife, Scotland. It lies between Dundee and Glenrothes. According to a 2011 population estimate, Cupar had a population around 9,000, making it the ninth-largest settlement in Fife, and the civil parish a population of 11,183 (in 2011). It is the historic county town of Fife, although the council now sits at Glenrothes.
Voltage regulator
A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage. It may use a simple feed-forward design or may include negative feedback. It may use an electromechanical mechanism or electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.

Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies where they stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements. In automobile alternators and central power station generator plants, voltage regulators control the output of the plant. In an electric power distribution system, voltage regulators may be installed at a substation or along distribution lines so that all customers receive steady voltage independent of how much power is drawn from the line.

Power supply unit (computer)
A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a desktop computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the main voltage.

Most modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the ATX specification, which includes form factor and voltage tolerances. While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5-volt standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard. They also provide a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC voltages are in spec, so that the computer is able to safely power up and boot. The most recent ATX PSU standard is version 3.1 as of mid 2025.
Orelsan et Gringe sont les Casseurs Flowters
Orelsan et Gringe sont les Casseurs Flowters is the debut studio album by Casseurs Flowters, a French hip hop duo consisting of rappers Orelsan and Gringe. It was released on 15 November 2013 by 7th Magnitude and Wagram Music in France and on 18 November 2013 on iTunes.

Entering the French Albums Chart at number 8 in its first week, the album received generally positive reviews from music critics, and has sold more than 100,000 copies in France to date.

7th Magnitude
7th Magnitude (French: Septième magnitude) is a record label founded by French record producer Matthieu "Skread" Le Carpentier and co-founder Abdoulaye "Ablaye" Doucouré. The label is known for having signed French rappers Orelsan, Nessbeal and Gringe.
Allium paepalanthoides
Allium paepalanthoides is a plant species native to China. It has been reported from Henan, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Sichuan at elevations of 1400–2000 m.

Allium paepalanthoides produces a single narrow bulb up to 15 mm across. Scape is up to 50 cm tall. Leaves lance-linear, tapering at the tip, up to 25 mm wide at the widest point. Umbels with many flowers; tepals white with green midveins.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Domowina
Domowina (lit. 'Homeland') is a political independent league of the Sorbian and Wendish people and umbrella organization of Sorbian societies in Lower and Upper Lusatia, Germany. It represents the interests of Sorbian people and is the continual successor of the previous Domowina League of the Lusatian Sorbs (German: Domowina Bund Lausitzer Sorben, Upper Sorbian: Zwjazk Łužiskich Serbow, Lower Sorbian: Zwězk Łužyskich Serbow). The organization has been a member of the Federal Union of European Nationalities since 1990.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
2019–20 Russian Cup
The 2019–20 Russian Cup was the 28th season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

The competition started 19 July 2019, but suspended on 17 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia.

Lokomotiv Moscow was the reigning cup-holder, winning its eighth Russian Cup in 2018–19, defeating Ural Yekaterinburg in the final, 1–0. However, Lokomotiv was eliminated in the round of 32 after it was defeated by Baltika Kaliningrad (1–1 after extra time and 1–4 by penalty shootout).

Lokomotiv Moscow has the most Russian Cup championships in history, followed by CSKA Moscow (7), Spartak Moscow and Zenit Saint Petersburg (3 each).

Penalty shootout
The penalty shootout is a method of determining a winner in sports matches that would have otherwise been drawn or tied. The rules for penalty shootouts vary between sports and even different competitions; however, the usual form is similar to penalty shots in that a single player takes one shot on goal from a specified spot, the only defender being the goalkeeper. If the result is still tied, the shootout usually continues on a "goal-for-goal" basis, with the teams taking shots alternately, and the one that scores a goal unmatched by the other team is declared the winner. This may continue until every player has taken a shot, after which players may take extra shots, until the tie is broken, and is also known as "sudden death".
China Communications Services
China Communications Services Corporation Limited, doing business as China Comservice, is a subsidiary of China Telecommunications Corporation. It is engaged in providing telecommunication infrastructure services and outsourcing services to telecommunication operators and government organizations in China.

CCS was incorporated in the People's Republic of China in 2006. As a part of the restructuring, China Telecom Group transferred its telecommunication support businesses in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong and Hainan to CSS.CCS's H shares were listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2006 and they were admitted to the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index from 2007 to 2010.

Incorporation (business)
Incorporation is the formation of a new corporate body. The body may be a business corporation, a nonprofit organization, sports club or similar. The term also applied in local government to the formation of a new city or town.
Sakar (mountain)
Sakar (Bulgarian: Сакар) is a low dome-shaped mountain range in southeastern Bulgaria, whose southeasternmost limits extend to European Turkey. Its highest peak is Vishegrad with an altitude of 856 meters above sea level. It is an important ornithological area and contains 220 bird species. Sakar Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after it.

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS; Bulgarian: Българска академия на науките, romanized: Bŭlgarska akademiya na naukite, abbreviated БАН) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869.

The Academy, with headquarters in Sofia, is autonomous and consists of a Society of Academicians, Correspondent Members and Foreign Members. It publishes and circulates different scientific works, encyclopaedias, dictionaries and journals, and runs its own publishing house.

The activities are distributed in three main branches: Natural, mathematical and engineering sciences; Biological, medical and agrarian sciences and Social sciences, humanities and art. They are structured in 42 independent scientific institutes, and a dozen of laboratories and other sections.

Julian Revalski has been the president of the BAS since 2016. As of 2022, its budget was 119,860 million leva (€61.28 million).
Connecticut's 10th State Senate district
Connecticut's 10th State Senate district elects one member of the Connecticut State Senate. It consists of the cities of New Haven and West Haven. It is currently represented by Democrat Gary Winfield, who has been serving since 2014.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Iron Bridge, Timișoara
The Iron Bridge (Romanian: Podul de Fier; Hungarian: Közötti híd; German: Eisenbrücke), also known as the Metal Bridge, is the name of a pedestrian bridge in Timișoara, Romania, which crosses the Bega Canal between Ady Endre and Andrei Mureșanu streets.

Bega (Tisza)
The Bega or Begej (Romanian: Bega; Serbian: Бегеј / Begej; German: Bega; Hungarian: Béga, formerly Kistemes), is a 244 km (152 mile) long river in Romania (169 km; 105 mi.) and Serbia (75 km; 47 mi.). It rises in the Poiana Ruscă Mountains in Romania, part of the Carpathian Mountains, and it flows into the Tisa river near Titel, Vojvodina, Serbia. Its drainage basin covers an area of 4,458 km2 (1,721 sq mi),: 22  of which 2,362 km2 (912 sq mi) is in Romania.
Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences
Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences is a private medical college located at Anwarpur, near Pilkhuwa in Hapur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 2008. It is run by the Saraswathi Ammal Educational Trust. It is privately funded for profit organisation. It is affiliated under Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University (ABVMU) is a state university run by the state government. It is an affiliating university in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India). It is situated at Chak Ganjaria City, Lucknow and gave affiliation to all government and private medical, dental, paramedical and nursing colleges in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established by Uttar Pradesh act no. 42 of 2018, although 2020 is considered as its establishment year, in which appointment of first vice-chancellor happened.
Cornelia Oschkenat
Cornelia Oschkenat, (née Riefstahl; born 29 October 1961) is a German former track and field athlete who represented East Germany. She competed at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul.  At the 1987 World Championships in Rome, she won a bronze medal in the 100 metres hurdles with a time of 12.46s as well as silver medal as a member of the East German 4 × 100 metres relay team.

She also won the 1987 World Indoor 60 m hurdles title, two World Cup 100 m hurdles titles and three European Indoor 60 m hurdles titles. Her world indoor record for the 50 metres hurdles of 6.58 secs in 1988, still stands (as of 2019).

Oschkenat won eleven East German individual national titles, taking five titles in the 100 m hurdles between 1984 and 1989 at the East German Athletics Championships, as well as six consecutive titles in the 60 m hurdles at the East German Indoor Athletics Championships over that period.

1987 World Championships in Athletics
The 2nd World Championships in Athletics (Italian: Campionati del mondo di atletica leggera 1987) under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations were held in the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy between August 28 and September 6, 1987.
South Seas
Today the term South Seas, or South Sea, most commonly refers to the portion of the Pacific Ocean south of the equator. The term South Sea may also be used synonymously for Oceania, or even more narrowly for Polynesia or the Polynesian Triangle, an area bounded by the Hawaiian Islands, New Zealand and Easter Island. Pacific Islanders are commonly referred to as South Sea Islanders, particularly in Australia.

The term was coined as Mar de Sur, or "South Sea",  by Spanish conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513 as he encountered it on the southern coast of the Isthmus of Panama and it was applied to the entirety of today's Pacific Ocean. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan named the same ocean the Pacific Ocean, and over time Magellan's name became more well-known.

William Hodges
William Hodges RA (28 October 1744 – 6 March 1797) was an English painter. He was a member of James Cook's second voyage to the Pacific Ocean, and is best known for the sketches and paintings of locations he visited on that voyage, including Table Bay, Tahiti, Easter Island, New Zealand, Dusky Sound and the Antarctic.
Spider Murphy Gang
The Spider Murphy Gang is a German rock band from Munich best known for their greatest hit "Skandal im Sperrbezirk", which is a famous song of the Neue Deutsche Welle. It was founded in 1977 by bank clerk Günther Sigl, together with Gerhard Gmell ("Barny Murphy"), Michael Busse and Franz Trojan. Elements of the Bavarian German dialect are used in many songs.

Their name is a reference to Elvis Presley's song, "Jailhouse Rock", in which a 'Spider Murphy' played the tenor saxophone. "Spider Murphy" is also referred to in a song written by Larry Kirwan of the Irish fusion Band Black 47's song, "Forty Deuce."  The song appears referential to both the Spider Murphy Gang and to "Jailhouse Rock", for the live version from 2006's "Bittersweet 16" includes a saxophone solo which the singer recalls having heard in Sing Sing prison.

Black 47 (band)
Black 47 was an American Celtic rock band from New York City, formed in 1989 by Larry Kirwan and Chris Byrne, which derived its name from a traditional term for the summer of 1847, the worst year of the Great Famine in Ireland. Associated with Irish republicanism and left-wing politics, the band was considered a forerunner of Flogging Molly and Dropkick Murphys. The band broke up in 2014.

In 2025, Jeff Mezydlo of Yardbarker included the band in his list of "20 underrated bands from the 1990s who are worth rediscovering".
Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees
Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees is a heritage-listed memorial at Anzac Avenue, Beerburrum, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1920. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 October 2008.

Sunshine Coast Region
The Sunshine Coast Region is a local government area located in the Sunshine Coast region of South East Queensland, Australia, from which it takes its name.

It was created by the amalgamation in 2008 of the City of Caloundra and the Shires of Maroochy and Noosa. It contains 4,194 kilometres (2,606 mi) of roads, 211 kilometres (131 mi) of coastline and a population of 351,424 in January 2021. The budget for the 2020–2021 financial year totals A$782 million including $243 million for Capital Works.

On 1 January 2014, the Shire of Noosa was re-established independent of the Sunshine Coast Regional Council.

In the 2021 census, the Sunshine Coast Region had a population of 342,541 people.
Curries Woods
Curries Woods is a neighborhood in the southern part of Greenville in Jersey City, New Jersey bordering Bayonne.  It was named after James Curie, who was on the town Committee for Greenville when it was its own Township in the 19th century.  The area remained rural until the later part of the century when the Central Railroad of New Jersey built a line connecting ferries to Elizabeth, New Jersey and New York City.  Currie's Woods still remained untouched through the late part of the century and it was valued for its woods, rocky shore and dunes on Newark Bay.  A lot of the land was eventually lost, but a tract was set aside in the early part of the 20th century. A small cemetery, the Old Greenville Cemetery, was nearby. This park lost much of its land to the city's largest Housing Authority project in 1959, except a small tract in Bayonne, Mercer Park.

Elizabeth, New Jersey
Elizabeth is a city in and the county seat of Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city retained its ranking as the state's fourth-most-populous city behind neighboring Newark, Jersey City and Paterson, with a population of 137,298, an increase of 12,329 (+9.9%) from the 2010 census count of 124,969, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,401 (3.7%) from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 census.

The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 140,413 for 2024, making it the 201st-most populous city in the nation and the fifth-most populous municipality of any type in the state, falling behind Lakewood Township.
2017 Open de Limoges – Doubles
Elise Mertens and Mandy Minella were the defending champions, but neither player chose to participate.

Valeria Savinykh and Maryna Zanevska won the title, defeating Chloé Paquet and Pauline Parmentier in the final 6–0, 6–2.

Mandy Minella
Mandy Carla Minella (born 22 November 1985) is a Luxembourgish politician and former professional tennis player. Having made her debut on the WTA Tour in 2001, she peaked at No. 66 in the WTA singles rankings in September 2012, and No. 47 in doubles in April 2013.

Minella won two doubles tournaments on the WTA Tour, as well as one singles title and three doubles events of WTA 125 tournaments. She also won 16 singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Minella was coached by Norbert Palmier from May 2008 until 2011, and later by Tim Sommer, her husband, from October 2014 until she retired.

After her retirement in 2022, she began a career in national politics, joining the Democratic Party and being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 2023.
Muhammadboqir Muhammadboqirov
Muhammadboqir Muhammadboqirov (10 October 1963 – 22 May 2022), commonly known as Colonel Boqir, was a Pamiri political figure, at one point associated with the United Tajik Opposition political alliance, from the Barkhorugh microraion of the city of Khorugh in the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. He has been variously described as someone who was either a warlord or popular oppositionist, by his enemies and supporters respectively.

Warlord
Warlords are individuals who exercise military, economic, and political control over a region, often one without a strong central or national government, typically through informal control over local armed forces. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories. The term is often applied in the context of China around the end of the Qing dynasty, especially during the Warlord Era. The term may also be used for a supreme military leader.
Alan Glynn (bacteriologist)
Alan Glynn (1923-2014) was a British physician and bacteriologist.

Glynn was born in Hackney, London, on 9 May 1923, the son of Charlotte, née Fluxbaum, and Hyman Glynn, an accountant. His Jewish parents had arrived in London from Poland/ Russia as children in the 1890s.

He underwent National Service in the Royal Army Medical Corps from 1950, being stationed in occupied Hamburg, with the rank of captain.

From 1956 to 1958 he undertook clinical practise at St Mary's Hospital, London. While there he became interested in bacteriology, eventually being made a professor in 1971 and head of the Department of Bacteriology in 1974.

He was director of the Central Public Health Laboratory from 1980 to 1988, when he retired.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) and a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists (FRCPath).

He died on 2 April 2014.

Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and non-microorganism viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
Kiryak Shkurtov
Kiryak Hristov Shkurtov or Kiriak Shkurtov (Bulgarian: Киряк Христов Шкуртов) (1872 in Starichani, present-day  Lakkomata, Greece – 1965 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, voivode of Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization in the region of Kostur, present-day Greece.

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.