hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boyd Rutherford
Boyd Kevin Rutherford (born April 1, 1957) is an American politician, businessman and attorney who served as the ninth lieutenant governor of Maryland from 2015 to 2023.

A member of the Republican Party, Rutherford was nominated by President George W. Bush to serve as Associate Administrator in the U.S. General Services Administration, serving from 2001 to 2003. He then joined the administration of Governor Bob Ehrlich, serving as the Secretary of General Services from 2003 to 2006. Rutherford served as Assistant Secretary for Administration to the United States Department of Agriculture from 2006 to 2009.

Columbia, Maryland
Columbia is a planned community in Howard County, Maryland, United States, consisting of 10 self-contained villages. With a population of 104,681 at the 2020 census, it is the second-most-populous community in Maryland, after Baltimore. Columbia, located between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and is tracked by the United States Census Bureau as a census-designated place. Columbia proper consists only of territory governed by the Columbia Association, a not-for-profit management company. The United States Postal Service also uses the name for other communities that predate Columbia, including Simpsonville and Atholton; the Census Bureau also counts part of Clarksville as Columbia.

Developer James Rouse founded Columbia in 1967, aiming to create a community that would avoid the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design; eliminate racial, religious and class segregation; and reduce leapfrog and spot zoning development.
Danish phonology
The phonology of Danish is similar to that of the other closely related Scandinavian languages, Swedish and Norwegian, but it also has distinct features setting it apart. For example, Danish has a suprasegmental feature known as stød which is a kind of laryngeal phonation that is used phonemically. It also exhibits extensive lenition of plosives, which is noticeably more common than in the neighboring languages. Because of these and a few other features, spoken Danish can be challenging for Norwegians and Swedes to understand without training, although they can easily read written Danish.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
Carroll House
Carroll House (5 March 1985 – 8 February 2008) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from September 1987 until July 1990 he raced twenty times in six countries and won seven races. His most important win came in October 1989 when he won the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in Paris. His other wins included the Phoenix Champion Stakes, Grosser Preis von Baden, Princess of Wales's Stakes, Furstenberg Rennen and Welsh Derby. At the end of his racing career he was retired to become a breeding stallion in Japan and Ireland but had little success as a sire of winners.

Princess of Wales's Stakes
The Princess of Wales's Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to Thoroughbred horses aged three years or older. It is run on the July Course at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile and 4 furlongs (2,414 metres), and takes place each year in July.
Oreocarya subcapitata
Oreocarya subcapitata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae known by the common names Owl Creek miner's candle, Wallowa cat's eye, and Wallowa cryptantha. It is endemic to Wyoming in the United States, where it is limited to the Owl Creek and Bridger Mountains in Fremont County. There are three populations, with a total of about 38,000 individuals.

This plant is a perennial herb forming a low silvery mat of hairy leaves. The stems are up to 15 centimeters tall. It blooms in "sparkling white forget-me-not flowers."

This plant grows on barren, sandy and gravelly terrain on the Wind River Formation in the Wind River Basin. It grows on sandstone and limestone substrates. It occurs with other cushion-like plants such as Sphaeromeria capitata and Artemisia nova within sagebrush habitat. There are few threats to the species because the region is rugged and uninhabited.

Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, has two significantly different circumscriptions as of December 2025. In the narrower circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu stricto is one of 11 families placed in the order Boraginales and includes about 90–120 genera. This approach was developed by the Boraginales Working Group. In the older, broader circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu lato is the only family in the order Boraginales, and includes about 155 genera.
Augustine Baker
Augustine Baker OSB (9 December 1575 – 9 August 1641), also sometimes known as Austin Baker, was a well-known English Benedictine mystic and an ascetic writer. He was one of the earliest members of the English Benedictine Congregation, which was newly restored to England after the Reformation.

English Benedictine Congregation
The English Benedictine Congregation (EBC) is a congregation of autonomous abbatial and prioral monastic communities of Catholic Benedictine monks, nuns, and lay oblates. It is technically the oldest of the nineteen congregations affiliated to the Benedictine Confederation.
Lhotka Prize
The Lhotka Memorial Prize is a prize awarded to the author of a publication about numismatics which is considered most helpful to the elementary student of numismatics published in the previous two calendar years.

The prize was endowed in 1962 by Professor John Francis Lhotka Jr (University of Oklahoma) (1921–1993), an honorary fellow of the Royal Numismatic Society, in memory of his father, Dr John Francis Lhotka.

Martin Price (numismatist)
Martin Jessop Price (27 March 1939 – 28 April 1995) was a British numismatist who was made a Merit Deputy Keeper of the British Museum in 1978, a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute and was a visiting fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, 1986-87. In 1992 he was awarded the medal of the Royal Numismatic Society. He was considered a leading scholar in the field on Greek Coinage and his literature, focusing on all aspects of coinage in the Greek world, has received multiple awards. Such was his personal reputation that he became a leading international authority and an unofficial final court of appeal on the authenticity of Greek coins.
Ric Marlow
Eric "Ric" Marlow (born Sanford Phillip Schafler; December 21, 1925 – February 28, 2017) was an American songwriter and actor, best known for co-writing with Bobby Scott the song "A Taste of Honey" which won a Grammy in 1962. The song has been recorded by approximately 200 artists internationally, including The Beatles, Herb Alpert & The Tijuana Brass, Barbra Streisand, Tony Bennett, and Johnny Mathis. He also had several acting roles, most notably on the television programs, Bonanza, Hawaii Five-O and Magnum, P.I.

Magnum, P.I.
Magnum, P.I. is an American crime drama television series starring Tom Selleck as Thomas Magnum, a private investigator (P.I.) living in Oahu, Hawaii. The series ran from December 11, 1980, to May 1, 1988, during its first-run broadcast on the American television network CBS.

Magnum, P.I. consistently ranked in the top 20 U.S. television programs in the Nielsen ratings during the first five years of its original run, finishing as high as number three for the 1982–83 season. The series entered syndication in 1986 under the title Magnum in order to differentiate reruns from new episodes still airing under the original title on CBS.

A remake series of the same name was ordered to series on May 11, 2018, and premiered on September 24, 2018, on CBS.
Lin Colling
George Lindsay Colling (27 August 1946 – 13 July 2003) was a New Zealand rugby union player, coach and administrator. A halfback, Colling represented Otago and Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1972 and 1973. He played 21 matches for the All Blacks but did not appear in any internationals.

Auckland Rugby Union
The Auckland Rugby Union is a New Zealand provincial rugby union. The union was established in 1883 and was originally responsible for the administration of the sport in most of the former Auckland Province, although its boundaries have since shrunk to include only a portion of the Auckland urban area. The union governs the Auckland representative team, which has won New Zealand's first-tier domestic provincial competition 17 times, more than any other team. Their most recent title was the 2018 Mitre 10 Cup Premiership. The union administers all club rugby within its boundaries, including the Gallaher Shield and other senior club rugby, as well as school rugby. Auckland also acts as a primary feeder to the Blues, who play in the Super Rugby competition.
Hagar Association
The Hagar Association (Hebrew: לשוני בהגר, romanized: L'Shoni B'Hagar) also called Hagar – Jewish-Arab Education for Equality, is an educational organization located in Beersheba, Israel. The organization runs a bilingual school that serves both Jewish and Israeli-Arab children from preschool through sixth grade. It is the only integrated school in the Negev in southern Israel.

The organization also organizes cultural events in the community, and manages Scout Troop Adam, the country's only scouting troop with both Jewish and Arab members.

Israel Boy and Girl Scouts Federation
The Israel Boy and Girl Scouts Federation (Hebrew: התאחדות הצופים והצופות בישראל‎, Hit'ahdut HaTzofim VeHaTzofot BeYisrael) is Israel's federation of the five Scouting organizations in Israel, sorted by religious affiliation. Some 90,000 boys and girls belong to organizations in the federation.
Michael Maloney (art dealer)
Michael Maloney (born 1950) is an American art dealer, appraiser, and advisor based in Los Angeles, California. He is known for his long-standing contributions to the contemporary art world through his galleries, representation of both emerging and established artists, and work with major art institutions.

Jorge Pardo (artist)
Jorge Pardo (born 1963, in Havana) is a Cuban-American artist and sculptor. Pardo's artwork explores the intersection of contemporary painting, design, sculpture, and architecture. In 2010, he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.

He lives and works in Mérida, Mexico.
2023 Japan Women's Open – Doubles
Anna-Lena Friedsam and Nadiia Kichenok defeated Anna Kalinskaya and Yulia Putintseva in the final, 7–6(7–3), 6–3 to win the doubles title at the 2023 Japan Women's Open. Both teams saved match points en route to the final: Friedsam and Kichenok saved three in their first-round match against Alicia Barnett and Olivia Nicholls, while Kalinskaya and Putintseva saved two in their first-round match against Yuki Naito and Moyuka Uchijima.

Misaki Doi and Nao Hibino were the defending champions from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but Doi chose not to compete in doubles this year. Hibino partnered Mai Hontama, but lost in the quarterfinals to Eri Hozumi and Makoto Ninomiya.

Olivia Nicholls
Olivia Ann Nicholls (born 26 October 1994) is a British tennis player who specializes in doubles. On 23 June 2025, she peaked at world No. 23 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Nicholls has won three doubles titles on the WTA Tour, one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Glissando illusion
The glissando illusion is an auditory illusion, created when a sound with a fixed pitch, such as a synthesized oboe tone, is played together with a sine wave gliding up and down in pitch, and they are both switched back and forth between stereo loudspeakers. The effect is that the oboe is heard as switching between loudspeakers while the sine wave is heard as joined together seamlessly, and as moving around in space in accordance with its pitch motion. Right-handers often hear the glissando as traveling from left to right as its pitch glides from low to high, and then back from right to left as its pitch glides from high to low.

The effect was first reported and demonstrated by Diana Deutsch in Musical Illusions and Paradoxes, 1995.

Sine wave
A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion; as rotation, it corresponds to uniform circular motion. Sine waves occur often in physics, including wind waves, sound waves, and light waves, such as monochromatic radiation. In engineering, signal processing, and mathematics, Fourier analysis decomposes general functions into a sum of sine waves of various frequencies, relative phases, and magnitudes.

When any two sine waves of the same frequency (but arbitrary phase) are linearly combined, the result is another sine wave of the same frequency; this property is unique among periodic waves. Conversely, if some phase is chosen as a zero reference, a sine wave of arbitrary phase can be written as the linear combination of two sine waves with phases of zero and a quarter cycle, the sine and cosine components, respectively.
Ian Rutledge
Ian Gregory Rutledge (born 24 June 1972 in Cudal, New South Wales) is a field hockey coach, who was born in Australia. He attended both primary and secondary schooling in Orange, New South Wales, being a student at The Canobolas High School (now known as Canobolas Rural Technology High School) from 1985 to 1990.

Ian was responsible for qualifying the New Zealand Women's Hockey Team (the Black Sticks) for the 2004 and 2008 Olympics and has continued to coach Australian National League Teams.  He has been employed with Hockey Australia as Coaching Manager, the Australian Sports Commission as a High Performance Coach Consultant and also as a Sports Performance Manager with the Australian Institute of Sport.

Ian commenced employment with Field Hockey Canada in March 2013, as head coach of the Women's National Team.

Ian is married (to Donnette Marjoram, who also attended Canobolas High), and has two children (Imogen and Joshua).

Cudal, New South Wales
Cudal (/ˈkjuːdæl/ KEW-dal) is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia, on the traditional lands of the Wiradjuri people. Cudal is in the Cabonne Shire Council local government area, 296 kilometres (184 mi) west of the state capital, Sydney. The town was first surveyed in 1867. Running through the town is "Boree Creek". Platypodes are common in the Boree Creek, giving Cudal the catchline 'home of the platypus' on signs entering the town. The place name, Cudal, could have derived from an Aboriginal word meaning 'flat'. At the 2011 census, Cudal had a population of 339. Industry and commerce in Cudal is a mixture of retail, government services, and agriculture (sheep, canola). Cudal is surrounded by fertile basalt soils, the result of lava flows from Gaanha Bula Mount Canobolas, 30 kilometres to the east.
Dashcode
Dashcode was a software application created by Apple Inc. that was included with Mac OS X Leopard and facilitates the development of widgets for Dashboard. It was first included on new MacBooks shipping around the time of May 24, 2006, as part of the Xcode developer tools.

Dashcode, Version 3.0 (328), was included as part of Apple's Xcode developer tools on the Mac OS X Snow Leopard DVD as an optional install.

The last iteration of Dashcode, Version 3.0.5 for Xcode 4, is still available to developer account holders as an optional install from Downloads for Apple Developers (Apple Developer ID required).

MacBook
MacBook is a type of Mac laptop computer that is developed and marketed by Apple that use Apple's macOS operating system since 2006. The MacBook brand replaced the PowerBook and iBook brands during the Mac transition to Intel processors, announced in 2005. The current lineup consists of the MacBook Air (2008–present) and the MacBook Pro (2006–present). Two different lines simply named "MacBook" existed from 2006 to 2012 and 2015 to 2019. The MacBook brand was the "world's top-selling line of premium laptops" as of 2015.
Marcus Fabius Ambustus (pontifex maximus 390 BC)
Marcus Fabius Ambustus was Pontifex Maximus of the Roman Republic in the year that Rome was taken by the Gauls of Brennus, 390 BC. His three sons--Caeso, Numerius, and Quintus—were sent as ambassadors to the Gauls, when the latter were besieging Clusium, and participated in an attack against the besieging Gauls. The Gauls demanded that the Fabii should be surrendered to them for violating the law of nations; and upon the senate refusing to give up the guilty parties, they marched against Rome, which they sacked after the battle of the Allia. The three sons were in the same year elected consular tribunes.

Many scholars believe the entire story of the events at Clusium to be fiction, as Clusium had no real reason to appeal to Rome for help, and the Gauls needed no real provocation to sack Rome. The story, it is hypothesized, exists to provide an explanation for an otherwise unmotivated attack on Rome, and to depict Rome as a bulwark of Italy against the Gauls.

Brennus (leader of the Senones)
Brennus (or Brennos) was a Gallic chieftain of the Senones. In c. 387 BC he defeated the Romans at the Battle of the Allia. Later that year, he led an army of Cisalpine Gauls in their attack on Rome and captured most of the city, holding it for several months. Brennus's sack of Rome was the only time in 800 years the city was occupied by a non-Roman army before the fall of the city to the Germanic Visigoths in 410 AD.
Royal Society Bakerian Medal
The Bakerian Medal is one of the premier medals of the Royal Society that recognizes exceptional and outstanding science. It comes with a medal award and a prize lecture. The medalist is required to give a lecture on any topic related to physical sciences. It is awarded annually to an individual in a field of the physical sciences, including computer science.

Thomas Edward Thorpe
Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe CB, FRS HFRSE LLD (8 December 1845 – 23 February 1925) was a British chemist. From 1894 to 1909, he was Chief Chemist to the British Government, as Director of the Government Laboratory.
2009–10 Welsh Cup
The 2009–10 FAW Welsh Cup was the 123rd edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales, excluding those who play in the English League System. The 2009–10 tournament commenced on 14 August 2009 and concluded at Parc y Scarlets on 1 May 2010. Bangor City won the cup with a 3–2 win against Port Talbot Town.

Port Talbot Town F.C.
Port Talbot Town Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl Droed Port Talbot) is a Welsh football club from Port Talbot. It was founded in 1901 as Port Talbot Athletic, one of the first clubs in the country. The club plays in the South Wales Premier League, and is based at Victoria Road.
Copalyl diphosphate synthase
In enzymology, a copalyl diphosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

geranylgeranyl diphosphate  (+)-copalyl diphosphate

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, geranylgeranyl diphosphate, and one product, (+)-copalyl diphosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically the class of intramolecular lyases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (+)-copalyl-diphosphate lyase (decyclizing). This enzyme participates in diterpenoid biosynthesis.

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of diterpenes and diterpenoids. It is also the precursor to carotenoids, gibberellins, tocopherols, and chlorophylls.

It is also a precursor to geranylgeranylated proteins, which is its primary use in human cells.

It is formed from farnesyl pyrophosphate by the addition of an isoprene unit from isopentenyl pyrophosphate.

In Drosophila, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is synthesised by HMG-CoA encoded by the Columbus gene. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is utilised as a chemoattractant for migrating germ cells that have traversed the midgut epithelia. The attractant signal is produced at the gonadal precursors, directing the germ cells to these sites, where they will differentiate into eggs and spermatozoa (sperm).
Victoria & Abdul
Victoria & Abdul is a 2017 biographical historical drama film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Lee Hall. The film is based on the book Victoria & Abdul: The True Story of the Queen's Closest Confidant by Shrabani Basu, about the real-life relationship between Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her Indian Muslim servant Abdul Karim. It stars Judi Dench, Ali Fazal, Michael Gambon, Eddie Izzard, Tim Pigott-Smith (in his final film role), and Adeel Akhtar. The film had its world premiere at the 74th Venice Film Festival and was theatrically released on 15 September 2017 in the United Kingdom. It grossed $66.6 million worldwide.

The film was nominated for Best Costume Design and Best Makeup and Hairstyling at the 90th Academy Awards, and Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy (for Dench) at the 75th Golden Globe Awards.

The film has been criticised for emphasising the greatness of the British Empire, and also for social engineering.

75th Golden Globes
The 75th Golden Globe Awards honored film and American television of 2017, and was broadcast live on January 7, 2018, from The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST by NBC. This Golden Globe Awards ceremony was produced by Dick Clark Productions in association with the Hollywood Foreign Press Association.

Talk-show host Seth Meyers hosted the ceremony for the first time. Oprah Winfrey was announced as Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award honoree on December 13, 2017. The nominees were announced on December 11, 2017, by Sharon Stone, Alfre Woodard, Kristen Bell and Garrett Hedlund.

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri won the most awards for the evening with four, including Best Motion Picture – Drama. The Shape of Water and Lady Bird won two awards each. Big Little Lies, The Handmaid's Tale, and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel were among the television shows that received multiple awards.
Braided Hopf algebra
In mathematics, a braided Hopf algebra is a Hopf algebra in a braided monoidal category. The most common braided Hopf algebras are objects in a Yetter–Drinfeld category of a Hopf algebra H, particularly the Nichols algebra of a braided vector space in that category.

The notion should not be confused with quasitriangular Hopf algebra.

Braided monoidal category
In mathematics, a commutativity constraint   on a monoidal category  is  a choice of isomorphism  for each pair of objects A and B which form a natural family. In particular, to have a commutativity constraint, one must have  for all pairs of objects .

A braided monoidal category is a monoidal category  equipped with a braiding—that is, a commutativity constraint  that satisfies axioms including the hexagon identities defined below. The term braided references the fact that the braid group plays an important role in the theory of braided monoidal categories. Partly for this reason, braided monoidal categories and other topics are related in the theory of knot invariants.

Alternatively, a braided monoidal category can be seen as a tricategory with one 0-cell and one 1-cell.

Braided monoidal categories were introduced by André Joyal and Ross Street in a 1986 preprint.   A modified version of this paper was published in 1993.