hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carl H. Fischer
Carl H. Fischer (May 22, 1907 – November 23, 2005) was a floriculturalist in the United States known for creating many new varieties of gladiolus flowers. The company he founded in 1945, Noweta Gardens, continues to market some of the 600 hybrids of glads he developed.

St. Charles, Minnesota, the city where he lived for most of his life, holds a Gladiolus Days festival which recognizes him every August.

Gladiolus
Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of gladius, a sword) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae).

It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural gladioli).

The genus occurs in Asia, Mediterranean Europe, South Africa, and tropical Africa. The center of diversity is in the Cape Floristic Region. The genera Acidanthera, Anomalesia, Homoglossum, and Oenostachys, formerly considered distinct, are now included in Gladiolus.
Vičanci
Vičanci (pronounced [ˈʋiːtʃantsi]) is a settlement in the Slovene Hills northwest of Ormož in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

There is a small roadside chapel with a belfry in the northern part of the settlement. It was built in the early 20th century.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Norman Preston
Norman Preston, MBE (18 March 1903 – 6 March 1980) was an English cricket journalist.

He began his career with the old Pardon's Cricket Reporting Agency in 1933 and served on three overseas tours as Reuters' correspondent. He succeeded his father, Hubert Preston, as editor of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack and was in charge for 29 editions from 1952 until his death in 1980. He was awarded the MBE in the Queen's Silver Jubilee Honours List in 1977. He was succeeded as editor of Wisden by John Woodcock.

He and his wife Molly had three children.

Cricket Reporting Agency
The Cricket Reporting Agency (CRA) was founded by Charles Pardon and George Kelly King in 1880. Throughout its 85-year existence, the CRA provided the Press Association (PA) with cricket and football reports and scores for use by newspapers. In its early years it covered other sports as well, including horse racing.

From Charles Pardon's becoming editor of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 1887, the editor was nearly always a CRA partner. The CRA was responsible for the editorial production of the Almanack, until in 1965 the agency merged with the PA.
Glen M. Bagnell
Glen Merlyn Bagnell (born February 15, 1936) is a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Dartmouth North in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1970 to 1978. He is a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Bagnell was born in Truro, Nova Scotia. He attended Acadia University and Dalhousie University and was a pharmacist. He married Shirley Joan Smith in 1957.

Bagnell first attempted to enter provincial politics in a November 1968 by-election in Dartmouth North, but was defeated by Progressive Conservative Gerald Wambolt by 76 votes. He ran again in the 1970 election, and defeated Wambolt by almost 1,800 votes. Bagnell was re-elected in the 1974 election. Bagnell served in the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Mines, Minister of Environment, Minister of Tourism, Minister of Consumer Affairs, and Minister of Municipal Affairs. He was defeated by Progressive Conservative Laird Stirling when he ran for re-election in the 1978 election.

Truro, Nova Scotia
Truro is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. Truro is the shire town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain, close to the river's mouth at the eastern end of Cobequid Bay.
Matthew 5:41
Matthew 5:41 is the forty-first verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This is the fourth verse of the antithesis on the commandment: "Eye for an eye".

Simon of Cyrene
Simon of Cyrene (Hebrew: שמעון‎, Standard Hebrew Šimʿon, Tiberian Hebrew Šimʿôn; Greek: Σίμων Κυρηναῖος, Simōn Kyrēnaios) was the man compelled by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus of Nazareth as Jesus was taken to his crucifixion, according to all three Synoptic Gospels: He was also the father of the disciples Rufus and Alexander.
2018 in Kunlun Fight
The year 2018 was the 5th year in the history of the Kunlun Fight, a kickboxing promotion based in China. 2018 started with Kunlun Fight 69.

The events were broadcasts through television agreements in mainland China with Jiangsu TV and around the world with various other channels. The events were also streamed live on the Kunlun Fight app and multiple other services. Traditionally, most Kunlun Fight events have both tournament fights and superfights (single fights).

Tongling
Tongling (simplified Chinese: 铜陵; traditional Chinese: 銅陵; pinyin: Tónglíng; Wade–Giles: T'ung-ling; lit. 'Copper Hillock') is a prefecture-level city in southern Anhui province of China. A river port along the Yangtze River, Tongling borders Wuhu to the east, Chizhou to the southwest and Anqing to the west.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,311,726 inhabitants whom 842,675 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts.
At the end of 2024 and the beginning of 2025, the permanent population will be 1.302 million. The asteroid 12418 Tongling was named after the city.
HMS Bustard
Four vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Bustard after the Bustard:

HMS Bustard (1806) was launched in 1803 as the brig Royal George for the Revenue Service. The Royal Navy purchased her in 1806 and renamed her HMS Bustard. She served on active duty between 1808 and 1815, distinguishing herself in operations in the Mediterranean. The Royal Navy sold her in 1815 and she became the whaler Royal George. She made three whaling voyages and was lost in 1825 on her fourth.

HMS Bustard (1818) was a Cherokee-class brig-sloop; she was sold in 1829.

HMS Bustard (1855) was an Albacore-class wood screw gunboat; she was sold at Hong Kong in 1869.

HMS Bustard (1871) was an Ant-class iron screw gunboat; listed until 1921 but possibly sold in November 1917.

Royal George (1803 ship)
Royal George was launched in 1803 as a brig for the Revenue Service. The Royal Navy purchased her in 1806 and renamed her HMS Bustard. She served on active duty between 1808 and 1815, distinguishing herself in operations in the Mediterranean. She then sailed to the West Indies. The Royal Navy sold her in 1815 and she became the whaler Royal George. She made three whaling voyages and was lost in 1825 on her fourth.
Burg, Bernkastel-Wittlich
Burg (Mosel) (German pronunciation: [bʊʁk] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is purely a winegrowing and tourism centre.

Zell (Mosel)
Zell (Mosel) (German pronunciation: [tsɛl] ⓘ) is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Zell has roughly 4,300 inhabitants and is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
1st Information Operations Command (Land)
The 1st Information Operations Command (Land), formerly the Land Information Warfare Activity Information Dominance Center (LIWA/IDC), was an information operations unit under the operational control of U.S. Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) and headquartered at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.

It provided multi-disciplinary Information Operations (IO) support to the component and major commands of the United States Army. 1st IO CMD had broad authority to coordinate IO topics and establish contact with Army organizations, the United States Navy (USN) and United States Air Force (USAF), and JCS IO Centers, and with United States Department of Defense (DoD) and National Agency IO elements.

Control (management)
Control is a primary function of management that assists in identifying errors and taking corrective actions. This minimizes deviation from standards and ensures that the stated goals of the organization are achieved effectively. In simple terms, it ensures that activities are performed as stated by managerial plans.

According to modern concepts, control is a proactive action; earlier concepts of control were only used when errors were detected. Control in management includes setting standards, measuring actual performance, and taking corrective action in decision-making.
Narkissos (ballet)
Narkissos is a ballet made by Edward Villella to music by Robert Prince, from an idea by William D. Roberts. The premiere took place on 21 July 1966, with the New York City Ballet at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center, Saratoga Springs, NY.

Robert Prince (composer)
Robert Prince (May 10, 1929 – March 4, 2007) was an American composer of music for dance, theater, television, film and records and a graduate of the Juilliard School. In addition to his work as composer and arranger he also performed on vibraphone and timpani.
Ksar Bjir
Ksar Bjir is a small town and rural commune in Larache Province of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 14,876 people living in 2583 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Mitsri genealogy inscription
The Mitsri genealogy inscription, known as KAI 78 or CIS I 3778, is a votive stele from Carthage in the Punic language.

It was excavated between 1922-25 by French archaeologist François Icard (Icard no. C!4392*) and published by Eusèbe Vassel. Francis Kelsey took a squeeze of the stele during his 1925 archaeological mission.

The inscription was originally attached to a statue of Baal-Hammon, and is dated to the fourth century BCE. It is remarkable because it traces back the lineage of a certain Baalay, who put up the statue, for no less than sixteen generations, spanning a period of at least four centuries.

The name of the earliest ancestor, Mitsrî, means "(the) Egyptian". Two of Baalay's forefathers, three and four generations before him, had high functions in Carthage as a General (rab) and a head of state (suffes), respectively.

Shophet
In several ancient Semitic-speaking cultures and associated historical regions, the shopheṭ or shofeṭ (plural shophetim or shofetim; Hebrew: שׁוֹפֵט, romanized: šōp̄ēṭ, Phoenician: 𐤔𐤐𐤈, romanized: šōfēṭ, Punic: 𐤔𐤐𐤈, romanized: šūfeṭ, the last loaned into Latin as sūfes; see also Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎔𐎉, romanized: ṯāpiṭ) was a community leader of significant civic stature, often functioning as a chief magistrate with authority roughly equivalent to Roman consular powers.
Voleuse de Coeurs
Voleuse de Coeurs (foaled 20 February 2009) is an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. A specialist stayer who was favoured by soft ground she won five of her seventeen races in a track career which lasted from September 2011 until May 2014. She failed to win as a two-year-old but made steady improvement when tried over long distance in the following year, winning three races including the two-mile Irish Cesarewitch (by ten lengths). She continued to improve as a four-year-old, winning the Vintage Crop Stakes  and recording her biggest win in the Irish St. Leger. She was then sold to race in Australia where she failed to win in four races.

Irish St. Leger
The Irish St Leger is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

It is Ireland's equivalent of the St Leger Stakes, a famous race in England (although unlike the English race, it is open to both horses above age three and geldings).
MUDC (New York City Subway car)
The MUDC (Multiple-Unit Door Control) was a series of New York City Subway cars originally built by the St. Louis, Wason, Jewett, Cincinnati, and Barney and Smith companies, and rebuilt by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company in 1923–1924 from former Manhattan El gate cars.

Cincinnati Car Company
The Cincinnati Car Company or Cincinnati Car Corporation was a subsidiary of the Ohio Traction Company. It designed and constructed interurban cars, streetcars (trams) and (in smaller scale) buses. It was founded in 1902 in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1928, it bought the Versare Car Company.
Robert Smolańczuk
Robert Smolańczuk (born in Olecko, Poland) is a Polish theoretical physicist.

He received his doctorate from the Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies in 1996. He later visited Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) as a Fulbright Fellow between 1998 and 2000.

He predicted in late 1998 that a lead-and-krypton collision technique could produce the element oganesson, at that time considered impossible by most scientists involved in heavy-element research. This was experimentally attempted at LBNL in 1999 and appeared to have been successful, but an investigation determined that the data had been fabricated by Victor Ninov. It is now expected that this reaction is unlikely to succeed. Smolańczuk received the Nitschke Award in 1999 for developing a phenomenological model of synthesis of superheavy nuclei. He currently works at the National Centre for Nuclear Research in Otwock, Poland.

Otwock
Otwock ([ˈɔtfɔt͡sk] ⓘ; Yiddish: אָטוואָצק) is a city in the Masovian Voivodeship in east-central Poland, some 23 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Warsaw, with 43,895 inhabitants (2024). Otwock is part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. It is situated on the right bank of the Vistula River, below the mouth of the Świder River. Otwock is home to a unique architectural style called Świdermajer.

It is the capital of Otwock County. The town covers an area of 47 square kilometres (18 sq mi). Forested areas make up 23% of the territory, and there are several nature reserves.
Hufnagel
Hufnagel (literally "hoof nail", metonymic occupational name for a farrier) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles A. Hufnagel (1916–1989), American surgeon

Johann Siegfried Hufnagel (1724–1795), German parson

John Hufnagel (born 1951), Canadian football player, coach, and executive

Kevin Hufnagel, American musician

Klaus Hufnagel (born 1955), East German track and field athlete

Leon Hufnagel (1893–1933), Polish astrophysicist

Tibor Hufnágel (born 1991), Hungarian sprint canoeist

Yanni Hufnagel (born 1982), American college basketball coach

Tibor Hufnágel
Tibor Hufnágel (born 18 March 1991) is a Hungarian sprint canoeist. He competed in the K-2 1000 and K-4 1000 m events at the 2016 Summer Olympics and placed 7th and 11th, respectively.

He originally won a silver medal with Bence Dombvári in the K-2 1000 m event at the 2016 European Championships until Dombvári tested positive for stanozolol.

Hufnágel began paddling aged 10, following his brother. His brother did canoeing, but Hufnágel did not want to kneel, and chose kayaking instead.
Gomnes
Gomnes is a small village in the municipality of Hole in Buskerud, Norway.

Gomnes is located on  the peninsula of Røyse (Røysehalvøya) in Tyrifjorden.  It is largely surrounded by areas of farmland. The area of Røyse is one of the most productive agricultural areas in the region. The area is known for its production of fruit, grains and vegetables. The village had 369 residents as of 1 January 2014.

Buskerud
Buskerud (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbʉ̂skərʉː] ⓘ) is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Innlandet, Vestland, Telemark and Vestfold. It extends from Oslofjord and Drammensfjord in the southeast to the Hardangervidda mountain range in the northwest. The administrative centre of the county is Drammen.

Buskerud was one of the three counties merged into Viken on 1 January 2020. On 23 February 2022, the Viken County Council voted 49-38 to submit an application to the Norwegian government for a demerger of itself. Due to this, Buskerud (except the area forming the defunct municipalities of Røyken and Hurum) was re-established in 2024.
This 15 Me World Tour
This 15 Me was a promotional world tour by Filipino singer Sarah Geronimo, held in support of her thirteenth studio album of the same name. The tour also commemorated Geronimo’s fifteenth anniversary in the Philippine entertainment industry. It commenced with a sold-out concert in Manila, which reportedly set the record for the highest-grossing local concert in the history of the Smart Araneta Coliseum. In August 2019, Netflix acquired the rights to stream the concert film, making Geronimo the first Filipino artist to have a concert film featured on the platform. The tour’s setlist included several songs from the This 15 Me album, such as “Sandata,” “Ganito,” and “Duyan.” The Cebu leg of the tour was purchased by the BPO company Convergys as part of its "Made by You" 15th anniversary concert series. In other locations, including international and regional stops, the show was alternatively billed as Sarah G Live! This 15 Me or simply Sarah G Live!

Xian Lim
Alexander Xian Cruz Lim-Uy (Tagalog: [ˈsijɐn lim]; born July 12, 1989) is a Filipino actor. He is currently an exclusive actor of GMA Network and GMA Pictures. He is best known for his roles in My Binondo Girl (2011), The Reunion (2012), Ina, Kapatid, Anak (2012–13), Bakit Hindi Ka Crush ng Crush Mo? (2013), Bride for Rent (2014), The Story of Us (2016) and Everything About Her (2016). Lim was a contract artist of Star Magic from 2008 to 2017, until signing a contract with Viva Artists Agency in January 2018, and he officially moved to GMA Network in 2022. Since 2012, Lim has notably hosted for many major televised events, particularly Binibining Pilipinas (Miss Philippines) annually, as well as Miss Grand International in Vietnam in 2017.
Art Brut
Art Brut is an English indie rock band. Their debut album, Bang Bang Rock & Roll, was released on 30 May 2005, with its follow up, It's a Bit Complicated, released on 25 June 2007. Named after French painter Jean Dubuffet's definition of outsider art – art by prisoners, loners, the mentally ill, and other marginalized people, and made without thought to imitation or presentation – South London's Art Brut were tagged by NME as part of the "Art Wave" scene that also included bands such as The Rakes, Franz Ferdinand and Bloc Party. The band released further albums, Art Brut vs Satan in 2009 and Brilliant! Tragic! in 2011.  A fifth album, Wham! Bang! Pow! Let's Rock Out!", was released in 2018.

The band's sound is characterised by their straightforward guitar rock setup, as well as frontman Eddie Argos' enthusiastic sprechgesang-style vocal delivery, and his humorous, often self-reflexive lyrics about music, relationships and other personal interests.

Sprechgesang
Sprechgesang (German: [ˈʃpʁɛçɡəzaŋ] ⓘ, "spoken singing") and Sprechstimme (German: [ˈʃpʁɛçʃtɪmə], "spoken voice"), more commonly known as speak-singing in English, are expressionist musical vocal techniques between singing and speaking. Though sometimes used interchangeably, Sprechgesang is directly related to the operatic recitative manner of singing (in which pitches are sung, but the articulation is rapid and loose like speech), whereas Sprechstimme is closer to speech itself (because it does not emphasise any particular pitches).
Society to Save Rocks
Society to Save Rocks is a not-for-profit entity established in 1996 in Hyderabad, India, by rocks enthusiasts with preservation motif, especially those rock formations abutting the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad amidst the Deccan Plateau.  Frauke Quader, Laxma Goud, M. Hassan and others have been credited with the formation of the Society way back in the 1990s.

As a Hyderabadi interested in preservation of the rocks, Frauke Quader has much to share about the importance of the rocks,

...Rocks sustain a very special ecosystem with unique flora and fauna, and once destroyed they can never grow back

Notable civil servant Narendra Luther (1932–2021) had been associated with the society as a member and also held the position of elected president for more than a decade.

Laxma Goud
Kalal Laxma Goud (born 21 August 1940) is an Indian painter, printmaker and draughtsman. He works in variety of mediums including etching, gouache, pastel, sculpture, and glass painting. He is best known for his early drawings that depict eroticism in a rural context, and also for the originality and quality of his etchings and aquatints.
The Monthly Review (London)
The Monthly Review (1749–1845) was an English periodical founded by Ralph Griffiths, a Nonconformist bookseller. The first periodical in England to offer reviews, it featured the novelist and poet Oliver Goldsmith as an early contributor. Griffiths himself, and likely his wife Isabella Griffiths, contributed review articles to the periodical. Later contributors included James Ralph, Dr. Charles Burney, John Cleland, Theophilus Cibber, James Grainger, Anna Letitia Barbauld, Elizabeth Moody, and Tobias Smollett—who would go on to establish the Monthly's competitor in 1756, The Critical Review. William Kenrick, the "superlative scoundrel", was editor from 1759 to 1766.

In 1758, the periodical reviewed James Ralph’s pamphlet The Case of Authors, characterising it as a just appraisal of the difficulties faced by professional authors.

Review
A review is an evaluation of a publication, product, service, or company or a critical take on current affairs in literature, politics or culture. In addition to a critical evaluation, the review's author may assign the work a rating to indicate its relative merit.

Reviews can apply to a movie, video game, musical composition, book; a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or software such as business software, sales software; or an event or performance, such as a live music concert, play, musical theater show, dance show or art exhibition. Online review platforms also aim to provide a space where buyers can share authentic experiences—positive or negative—and businesses can use this feedback to improve their services. In the cultural sphere, The New York Review of Books, for instance, is a collection of essays on literature, culture, and current affairs.
Sweet Vengeance Mine
The Sweet Vengeance Mine was a gold mine in Browns Valley, California, discovered by African American miners during the Gold Rush. The mine was later owned and operated by a French company, which used one of the first stamp mills in California there.

Stamp mill
A stamp mill (or stamp battery or stamping mill) is a type of mill machine that crushes material by pounding rather than grinding, either for further processing or for extraction of metallic ores. Breaking material down is a type of unit operation.
Why You Should Give a Damn About Gay Marriage
Why You Should Give a Damn About Gay Marriage is a 2004 book by Davina Kotulski in which the author advocates the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. It received generally positive reviews in the LGBT press.

Bay Area Reporter
The Bay Area Reporter is a free weekly LGBT newspaper serving the LGBT communities in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is one of the largest-circulation LGBT newspapers in the United States, and the country's oldest continuously published newspaper of its kind.