hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Code generation
In computing, code generation denotes software techniques or systems that generate executable code which may then be used independently of the generator system in a runtime environment.

Specific articles:

Code generation (compiler), a mechanism to produce the executable form of computer programs, such as machine code, in some automatic manner

Automatic programming (source code generation), the act of generating source code based on an ontological model such as a template

Generating code at run time in self-modifying code and just-in-time compilation

Model-driven development uses graphical models and metamodels as basis for generating programs

Program synthesis consists of synthesizing programs from a high-level, typically declarative specification

Random test generators are used in functional verification of microprocessors

Comparison of code generation tools shows the diversity of tools and approaches for code generation

Metamodeling
A metamodel is a model of a model, and metamodeling is the process of generating such metamodels. Thus metamodeling or meta-modeling is the analysis, construction, and development of the frames, rules, constraints, models, and theories applicable and useful for modeling a predefined class of problems. As its name implies, this concept applies the notions of meta- and modeling in software engineering and systems engineering. Metamodels are of many types and have diverse applications.
Beckman Fellow
A Beckman Fellow receives funding, usually via an intermediary institution, from the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, founded by Arnold Orville Beckman and his wife Mabel.  The Foundation supports programs at several institutions to encourage research, particularly the work of young researchers who might not be eligible for other sources of funding.  People from a variety of different programs at different institutions may therefore be referred to as Beckman Fellows. Though most often designating postdoctoral awards in science, the exact significance of the term will vary depending on the institution involved and the type(s) of Beckman Fellowship awarded at that institution.

Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology is a unit of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign dedicated to interdisciplinary research. A gift from scientist, businessman, and philanthropist Arnold O. Beckman (1900–2004) and his wife Mabel (1900–1989) led to the building of the Institute which opened in 1989. It is one of five institutions which receive support from the  Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation on an ongoing basis. Current research at Beckman involves the areas of molecular engineering, intelligent systems, and imaging science. Researchers in these areas work across traditional academic boundaries in scientific projects that can lead to the development of real-world applications in medicine, industry, electronics, and human health across the lifespan.
Tåkern
Lake Tåkern (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈtǒːkɛɳ]) is a lake in Östergötland County, Sweden. It is considered one of northern Europe's foremost bird lakes. It is 12 km (7.5 mi) long and 8 km (5.0 mi) wide, with an average depth only 0.8 metres (2.6 feet). The lake lies around 20 km (12 mi) west of Mjölby, bordering in the west to Omberg. The whole lake, with the surrounding beaches, has been a nature reserve since 1975. From April to the end of July, it is not open to the public, except for visiting areas and walking routes.

The lake's history as a birdlake is related to the lake's water level lowering between 1842 and 1844. A number of bird species benefited from this. A change of the water level in the 1960s was made to prevent large differences in the water level.

Tåkern is in Ramsar Convention, an international convention for protection of valuable wetlands.

Östergötland County
Östergötland County (Swedish: Östergötlands län) is a county or län in southeastern Sweden. It has land borders with the counties of Kalmar to the southeast, Jönköping to the southwest, Örebro to the northwest, and Södermanland to the northeast. It also has a sea border with Västra Götaland to the west (across lake Vättern), and borders the Baltic Sea to the east.

Östergötland County has a population of 456,550 (September 30, 2017) and the capital and biggest city is Linköping. Linköping and neighbouring twin city Norrköping together form one of Sweden's metropolitan areas; The Linköping-Norrköping Corridor is therefore sometimes marketed as The Fourth Metropolitan Region of Sweden, the other three being Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Princess Estelle is Duchess of Östergötland.
Cylindrococcus
Cylindrococcus is a genus of scale insects that induces galls on plants of the genus Allocasuarina.  There are two described species of Cylindrococcus, both of which occur only in Australia.  The galls of adult females (10–30 mm long) look somewhat similar to the cone-like "fruit" of the host plant and might be mistaken for such.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Springfield Armory M1A
The Springfield Armory M1A is a semi-automatic rifle made by Springfield Armory, Inc., beginning in 1971, based on the M14 rifle, for the civilian and law enforcement markets in the United States. "M1A" is a proprietary name for Springfield Armory's M14-pattern rifle. Early M1A rifles were built with surplus G.I. parts until Springfield Armory, Inc. began manufacturing their own. Robert Reese bought Springfield Armory from Elmer Ballance and moved the manufacturing from Devine, Texas to Geneseo, Illinois in 1974.

Semi-automatic rifle
A semi-automatic rifle is a type of self-loading rifle that fires a single round each time the trigger is pulled while automatically loading the next cartridge. Such rifles were developed before World War II and were widely used throughout that war. Rifles are firearms designed to be fired while held with both hands and braced against the shooter's shoulder for stability. Externally similar shotguns can fire multiple pellets simultaneously through a smoothbore, while rifle barrels are rifled to spin-stabilize individual bullets. The actions of semi-automatic rifles use a portion of the fired cartridge's energy to eject the spent casing and load a new round into the chamber, readying the rifle to be fired again. This design differs from manually operated rifles such as bolt-action and lever-action rifles, which need to chamber a cartridge manually before firing again, and automatic rifles, which continue firing as long as the trigger remains depressed.
Besselsbreen
Besselsbreen is a glacier on Barentsøya, Svalbard. It is the largest offshoot of Barentsjøkulen, reaching down to the sea in the northeast direction, west of the point Kapp Bessels. The glacier is named after German Arctic explorer Emil Bessels.

Emil Bessels
Emil Bessels (2 June 1847 – 30 March 1888) was a German zoologist, entomologist, physician, and Arctic researcher who is best known for his controversial role in the attempted but ill-fated American Polaris expedition to the North Pole in 1871. Circumstantial evidence strongly points to Bessels as the most likely suspect in the death of the expedition's commander, American explorer Charles Francis Hall, by arsenic poisoning.

Bessels spent much of his scientific career at the Smithsonian Institution.
AutoGyro Calidus
The AutoGyro Calidus is a German autogyro, designed and produced by AutoGyro GmbH of Hildesheim.  The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The Calidus was approved in the United Kingdom in 2010 in a modified form as the RotorSport UK Calidus.

Aircraft fairing
An aircraft fairing is a structure whose primary function is to produce a smooth outline and reduce drag.

These structures are covers for gaps and spaces between parts of an aircraft to reduce form drag and interference drag, and to improve appearance.
La Loche Community School
La Loche Community School is located in the village of La Loche in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The school consists of two campuses. One campus, Ducharme School (56°28′56″N 109°26′18″W﻿ / ﻿56.48222°N 109.43833°W﻿ / 56.48222; -109.43833﻿ (Ducharme School)), offers kindergarten to grade six; and the other, Dene High School (56°29′18″N 109°26′43″W﻿ / ﻿56.48833°N 109.44528°W﻿ / 56.48833; -109.44528﻿ (Dene High School)), offers grades seven to twelve. The school has an enrollment of 900 students and a support staff of 110.

The majority of the students are bilingual and speak both Denesuline and English.

Chipewyan language
Chipewyan /ˌtʃɪpəˈwaɪən/ CHIP-ə-WY-ən or Dënesųłinë́ (ethnonym: Dënesųłinë́ yatié or Dëne Sųłıné Yatıé [tènɛ̀sũ̀ɬìné jàtʰìɛ́]), often simply called Dëne, is the language spoken by the Chipewyan people of northwestern Canada. It is categorized as part of the Northern Athabaskan language family. It has nearly 12,000 speakers in Canada, mostly in Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. It has official status only in the Northwest Territories, alongside eight other aboriginal languages: Cree, Tlicho, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey and South Slavey.

Most Chipewyan people now use Dëne and Dënesųłinë́ to refer to themselves as a people and to their language, respectively. The Saskatchewan communities of Fond-du-Lac, Black Lake, Wollaston Lake and La Loche are among these.
Louis Maurer (footballer)
Louis Maurer (21 February 1904 – 1 May 1988) was a Swiss football player and manager. He played as a goalkeeper.

Maurer coached FC Blue Stars Zürich, Lausanne Sports, FC Fribourg, Marseille, R. Union Sportive Tournaisienne, FC Zürich, FC Lugano, AC Bellinzona and Switzerland. In his coaching career, he won two national championship titles and three Swiss Cups.

FC Lugano
Football Club Lugano is a Swiss professional football club based in Lugano. The club was refounded as AC Lugano in 2004 as a result of relegation and the financial situation of FC Lugano, which was founded in 1908. In 2008, the club reverted to its original name, FC Lugano. They play at the Stadio Cornaredo. They have played in what is now the Swiss Super League during the periods of 1922–53, 1954–60, 1961–63, 1964–76, 1979–80, 1988–97, 1998–02, and from 2015 until present.
Institute for Research in Economics and Business Administration
Institute for Research in Economics and Business Administration (Norwegian: Samfunns- og næringslivsforskning) or SNF is a research institute that is associated with the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH) in Bergen, Norway.

The institute performs commercial research related to economics and particularly in energy, evaluation studies, fisheries, health economics, agricultural economics, regional business development, strategy and management as well as telecommunications, media and network economics.

SNF has between 30-40 full-time researchers as well as 20-30 assistants. In addition more than 100 researchers from NHH and the University of Bergen (UiB) have associated work with SNF. The institute is organized as a limited company that is owned by the foundation Stiftelsen SNF (80%), NHH (16%) and UiB (4%).

The institute dates back to 1991 when three research institutes associated with NHH were merged. The limited company was founded in 2001.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Foul Play (1978 film)
Foul Play is a 1978 American romantic neo-noir comedy thriller film written and directed by Colin Higgins, and starring Goldie Hawn, Chevy Chase, Dudley Moore, Burgess Meredith, Eugene Roche, Rachel Roberts, Brian Dennehy and Billy Barty. The plot concerns a recently divorced librarian who is drawn into a mystery when a stranger hides a roll of film in a pack of cigarettes and gives it to her for safekeeping.

The film received seven Golden Globe Award nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Hawn), Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Chase) and Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture (Moore), as well as for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, but won none.

The film inspired a television series of the same name starring Barry Bostwick and Deborah Raffin that aired on the ABC network in early 1981, and was canceled after six episodes.

Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
The Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association in 1944 for a performance in a motion picture released in the previous year. The formal title has varied since its inception; since 2005, the award has officially been called "Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture". Six actors have won the award twice: Richard Attenborough, Edmund Gwenn, Martin Landau, Edmond O'Brien, Brad Pitt, and Christoph Waltz.
Kees Bakker (zoologist)
Kornelis "Kees" Bakker (28 April 1931, Winterswijk – 3 November 2010, Warmond) was Professor at Leiden University Faculty of Ecology.

During his PhD research he studied the intra and inter specific competition of Drosophila in  detailed lab experiments. After his postdoc period in Silwood Park (Imperial College of London) he returned to Leiden. There he conducted a research program on parasite-host relations, with evolutionairy-ecological subjects like competition, host selection, parasital behaviour, parasital defense systems, optimized food collection behaviour and sex ratio-evolution.

He was a member of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen since 1982 and the Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, Honorary Member of the British Ecological Society and of the Nederlandse Ecologen Vereniging.

Winterswijk
Winterswijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɪntərsˈʋɛik] ⓘ; also known as Winterswiek or Wenters) is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. It has a population of 29,022 and is situated in the Achterhoek, which lies in the easternmost part of the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands.

It was also known as Winethereswick, Winriswic or Wenterswic; the Low Saxon wich or wic means the living place of a certain person. The person would likely have been called Wenether, Winitar or Winter.
Let Me Feel Your Power
Let Me Feel Your Power is the tenth live album by British heavy metal band Saxon. The title comes from the third track on their seventeenth studio album, The Inner Sanctum. Originally, it was to be released on 23 September 2016, but the release date was pushed back to 7 October. In the US, the release date was 28 October.

Saxon (band)
Saxon are  an English heavy metal band formed in Barnsley in 1975. As leaders of the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM), they had eight UK Top 40 albums during the 1980s including four UK Top 10 albums and two Top 5 albums. They had numerous hit singles on the UK Singles Chart and experienced success all over Europe, South America and Japan, as well as in the United States and Canada.

During the 1980s, Saxon established themselves among Europe's most successful metal acts. The band tours regularly and have sold more than 23 million records worldwide.
Gioiosa Ionica
Gioiosa Ionica (Calabrian: 'A Gejusa) is a town and comune in Italy in the province of Reggio Calabria, region of Calabria. It lies near the east coast of Calabria and covers an area of 35 square kilometres (14 mi2).

The remains of a theatre belonging to the Roman period were discovered in 1883 at Marina di Gioiosa Ionica.

Languages of Calabria
The primary languages of Calabria are the Italian language as well as regional varieties of Extreme Southern Italian and Neapolitan languages, all collectively known as Calabrian (Italian: calabrese). In addition, there are speakers of the Arbëresh variety of Albanian, as well as Calabrian Greek speakers and pockets of Occitan.
Willie Coffey
William Lynch Coffey (born 24 May 1958) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician. He has been a  Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Kilmarnock and Irvine Valley since 2011, and previously Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 2007 to 2011, before boundary changes.

Coffey studied at the University of Strathclyde where he obtained a degree in Computer Science. He subsequently worked as Software Development Manager and latterly as a Quality and Risk Manager with Learning and Teaching Scotland before his election to the Scottish Parliament. He has been a councillor on East Ayrshire Council.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Creech St Michael
Creech St Michael is a village and civil parish in Somerset, three miles (5 km) east of Taunton. The parish straddles the M5 motorway and includes several scattered settlements.  The village of Creech St Michael and the hamlets of Charlton, Creech Heathfield, and Ham lie east of the motorway. The hamlets of Adsborough, Coombe, Langaller, and Walford lie west of the motorway. The parish has a population of 2,416.

M5 motorway
The M5 is a motorway in England. It runs south-west from the M6 at junction 8 (West Bromwich), north-west of Birmingham to Exeter in Devon. The M5 runs through Sandwell Valley and its early sections form part of the Birmingham Motorway Box, after which it passes Worcester, Cheltenham, and Gloucester. It intersects with the M4 motorway at Almondsbury Interchange north of Bristol, then serves Taunton, and Tiverton, before terminating at junction 31 to the south of Exeter. At a total length of 163 miles (262 km), the M5 is the fourth-longest motorway in the UK.
Vemuru railway station
Vemuru railway station (station code:VMU) is an Indian Railways station, located in Vemuru of Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh. It is situated on Tenali–Repalle branch line and is administered by Guntur railway division of South Coast Railway zone. It is classified as an E-category station in the division.: 11

Guntur district
Guntur district is  in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, one of the major urban centres of the state. Historically significant, the region was part of ancient Buddhist and Satavahana-era settlements and later came under various South Indian dynasties before British rule. The district is known for its agricultural prominence—particularly chilli and cotton cultivation—as well as education and trade. It forms part of the larger Coastal Andhra region and contributes significantly to the state’s economy and cultural heritage.
Sékou Touré (footballer)
Sékou Touré (1 May 1934 – 2 April 2003) was an Ivorian professional footballer who played as a striker.

He played in Ivory Coast for ASEC and Africa Sports, before playing in France between 1958 and 1966 for Olympique Alès, Nîmes Olympique, Nice, Sochaux, US Forbach, Grenoble, Dieppe, Montpellier and AS Béziers.

Touré was the Ligue 1 top scorer in the 1961–62 season, scoring 25 goals.

Nîmes Olympique
Nîmes Olympique (commonly referred to as simply Nîmes) is a French association football club based in Nîmes. The club was founded on 12 April 1937 and currently plays in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of French football. The Stade des Antonins is the club's home stadium.
Music Hall of Williamsburg
40°43′09″N 73°57′42″W﻿ / ﻿40.71917°N 73.96171°W﻿ / 40.71917; -73.96171

Music Hall of Williamsburg (formerly Northsix) is a music venue located at 66 North 6th Street in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City. The venue is operated by The Bowery Presents, a group stemming from Bowery Ballroom that was bought by AEG in 2017. The Music Hall of Williamsburg has a capacity of 650 people and has shows on most nights of the week.

The venue is planned to close at its current location in 2026.

Anschutz Entertainment Group
Anschutz Entertainment Group, Inc. (AEG), also known as AEG Worldwide, is an American global sporting and music entertainment presenter and a subsidiary of the Anschutz Corporation. It is the world's largest owner of sports teams and sports events. Under the AEG Presents brand, it is the world's second-largest presenter of live music and entertainment events, after Live Nation. AEG Presents was founded in 2002 as AEG Live.
Mathematics on stamps
The depiction of mathematics on stamps began in 1923 with the issue of a set of three Polish stamps commemorating the 450th birth anniversary of the astronomer and mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus. As the definition of what constitutes a valid mathematical stamp is not universally agreed, some collectors make the case that the first mathematical stamp was the 1847 United States issue depicting the polymath Benjamin Franklin even though he was not primarily a mathematician;: 64  others prefer to recognize the 1926 German Leibniz stamp as the first depicting a mathematician.

The total number of mathematical stamps that have been issued is approximately 1,600 as of 2024.

Squaring the square
Squaring the square is the problem of tiling an integral square using only other integral squares. (An integral square is a square whose sides have integer length.) The name was coined in a humorous analogy with squaring the circle. Squaring the square is an easy task unless additional conditions are set.  The most studied restriction is that the squaring be perfect, meaning the sizes of the smaller squares are all different. A related problem is squaring the plane, which can be done even with the restriction that each natural number occurs exactly once as a size of a square in the tiling. The order of a squared square is its number of constituent squares.
Scarlet-breasted fruiteater
The scarlet-breasted fruiteater (Pipreola frontalis) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae.
It is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru where its natural habitat is subtropical and tropical moist montane forests. Two subspecies are recognised though some researchers consider these should be regarded as distinct species. It is a plump green bird with a black head, the males having red throats and the females yellow. It is a relatively common species with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "least concern".

Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, formerly the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is the oldest natural science research institution and museum in the Americas. It was founded in 1812, by many of the leading naturalists of the young American republic with an expressed mission of "the encouragement and cultivation of the sciences". It has sponsored expeditions, conducted original environmental and systematics research, and amassed natural history collections containing more than 17 million specimens. The Academy also organizes public exhibits and educational programs for both schools and the general public.