hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hybridization in perennial plants
Hybridization, when new offspring arise from crosses between individuals of the same or different species, results in the assemblage of diverse genetic material and can act as a stimulus for evolution. Hybrid species are often more vigorous and genetically differed than their ancestors. There are primarily two different forms of hybridization: natural hybridization in an uncontrolled environment, whereas artificial hybridization (or breeding) occurs primarily for the agricultural purposes.

Heterosis
Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents. The heterotic offspring often has traits that are more than the simple addition of the parents' traits, and can be explained by Mendelian or non-Mendelian inheritance. Typical heterotic/hybrid traits of interest in agriculture are higher yield, quicker maturity, stability, drought tolerance etc.
Victory Square, Minsk
53°54′30″N 27°34′28″E﻿ / ﻿53.90833°N 27.57444°E﻿ / 53.90833; 27.57444

Victory Square (Belarusian: Пло́шча Перамо́гі, romanized: Plóšča Pieramóhi; Russian: Пло́щадь Побе́ды) is a square in Minsk, Belarus, located at the intersection of Independence Avenue and Zakharau Street. The square is located in the historic centre of Minsk with the Museum of the 1st Congress of RSDLP, the main offices of National State TV and Radio and the City House of Marriages nearby. A green park stretches from Victory Square to the Svislach River and to the entrance to Gorky Park. Holiday parades typically go through Victory Square, while newlyweds traditionally take their picture at the square.

Belteleradio
The National State TV and Radio Company of the Republic of Belarus or simply Belteleradio, is a state-owned television and radio broadcasting service in Belarus.

From 1993 until 2021, it was a full active member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) under the name Belarusian Television and Radio Company (BTRC). In May 2021, the EBU Executive Board agreed to suspend BTRC as a member of the broadcasting union effective 11 June 2021. The broadcaster later іndіcated that the suspension would expire in 2024, but this was later denied by the EBU a couple months prior to when the suspension hypothetically would have been lifted as they publicly addressed that it had "no reason" to reinstate BTRC's membership "at the current time". This means that BTRC's membership is indefinitely suspended, and as a result cannot rejoin the organisation. Until the suspension is lifted or another Belarusian member joins in its place, there are presently no members of the EBU who are from Belarus.
Ine Lamers
Ardina Gerarda Maria "Ine" Lamers (born 15 May 1954) is a Dutch photographer and video installation artist, who is specialized in ilfochrome photography and chromogenic color print.

Born in Wijchen in Gelderland, Lamers received her art education at the AKI (now AKI ArtEZ Academy for Art & Design Enschede, part of Artez) from 1983 to 1987, and at the Jan Van Eyck Academie in Maastricht from 1987 to 1989. After her graduation, she settled as independent artist in Rotterdam in 1990. Since 1995, she lectured at the Piet Zwart Institute, and in the same year she was awarded the Hendrik Chabot Prize.

Chromogenic print
A chromogenic print, also known as a C-print or C-type print, a silver halide print, or a dye coupler print, is a photographic print made from a color negative, transparency or digital image, and developed using a chromogenic process. They are composed of three layers of gelatin, each containing an emulsion of silver halide, which is used as a light-sensitive material, and a different dye coupler of subtractive color which together, when developed, form a full-color image.
Monbulla, South Australia
Monbulla is a locality in the Limestone Coast region of South Australia. It is west of Penola and occupies the eastern part of the Hundred of Monbulla. There is no town centre, and the locality population was 127 at the 2016 census. Monbulla school opened in 1894 but has now closed.

The locality includes the Penola Conservation Park on its western edge. It is crossed by the roads connecting Penola to Clay Wells (towards Robe), Mount Burr (towards Millicent) and Kalangadoo. The Ladbroke Grove Power Station is near the southeastern corner of the locality.

Robe, South Australia
Robe is a town and fishing port located in the Limestone Coast region in the south-eastern part of South Australia. The town's distinctive combination of historical buildings, ocean, fishing fleets, lakes and dense bush attracts many tourists. Robe lies on the southern shore of Guichen Bay, just off the Princes Highway. At the 2021 census, Robe had a population of 1252. Robe is the main town in the District Council of Robe local government area. It is in the state electorate of MacKillop and the federal Division of Barker.
Sahasram (film)
Sahasram is a 2010 Malayalam action crime film directed by director Dr. Janardhanan, starring Suresh Gopi, Lakshmi Gopalaswamy, Bala,  Sarayu and Sandhya in the lead roles. Later in 2013 the film was dubbed in Tamil as Ruthravathy.

Bala (actor)
Bala Kumar (born 19 December 1982) is an Indian actor and director, who works in Malayalam and Tamil films. He made his debut in the Telugu film 2 Much (2002). He is well known for his roles in films such as Big B (2007), Sound of Boot (2008), Puthiya Mukham (2009), Hero (2012), Veeram (2014), Ennu Ninte Moideen (2015), Pulimurugan (2016), Aanakkallan (2018), Lucifer (2019), and Thambi (2019).
Barbie & Teresa: Recipe for Friendship
Barbie & Teresa: Recipe for Friendship is a 2025 CGI-animated adventure comedy television film directed by Karen J. Lloyd and written by Margaret Dunlap that debuted on Netflix in the United States on 6 March.

The 44th and latest entry in the Barbie film series and the 7th to feature Barbie's family and/or friends, it centers on Barbie's in-universe Hispanic friend, Teresa, striving to re-create a cherished family tamale recipe for the launch of her cousin's tamale-themed New York City restaurant.

This film also aired on POP in the UK and Ireland, Super RTL in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, Cartoonito in Italy, Canal Panda in Portugal, Plus Plus in Ukraine and Kidzone Max in the Baltics, among other global kids channels.

Super RTL
Super RTL is a German free-to-air television network owned by SUPER RTL Fernsehen GmbH, a fully owned subsidiary of RTL Deutschland. The channel originally launched in 1995 as a joint venture between RTL Group predecessor company CLT-UFA and Disney's Buena Vista International Television Investments (later Disney International Operations) division, with the venture then-known as RTL Disney Fernsehen GmbH & Co. KG.

The channel airs daily from 5:00am-12:00am under two different programming slots; Toggo (5:00am-8:00pm), which is aimed at children, and RTL Super (8:00pm-12:00am), which is aimed at families and young adults.
Tangs
1°17′05″N 103°48′35″E﻿ / ﻿1.2846°N 103.8096°E﻿ / 1.2846; 103.8096

TANGS is a department store located on Orchard Road in Singapore, owned by C.K. Tang Limited. The store is regarded as a principal shopping destination in the city, comparable to Bloomingdale's in New York City and Selfridges in London. The company was founded by Tang Choon Keng in 1932.

Tangs historically used to not operate on Sundays as the Tang family were "devout" Christians.

Bloomingdale's
Bloomingdale's Inc. is an upmarket American department store chain founded in 1861 by Joseph Bloomingdale and Lyman Bloomingdale. It was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 1930.  Federated purchased Macy's department store chain in 1994 and was renamed Macy's, Inc. in 2007.

As of 2024, Bloomingdale's had a total of 32 directly-owned department stores, 21 outlet stores and 4 Bloomie's by Bloomingdale's concept stores. Nordstrom is its primary competitor.  Internationally, Bloomingdale's has 3 franchised stores in Dubai and Kuwait.

Comparable sales rose 9% in the third quarter of 2025 — the strongest gain in 13 quarters. In 2025 and 2026, the company added  brands including Chloé, Burberry, Casablanca, Bottega Veneta, Jacquemus, Khaite, Roger Vivier, Skims, and Zimmermann. Its headquarters and flagship store are located at 59th Street and Lexington Avenue in  Manhattan, New York City. Its CEO is Olivier Bron.
Theodore Tuttle Woodruff
Theodore Tuttle Woodruff (April 8, 1811 – May 2, 1892) was an American inventor who was an early developer of sleeping cars.

Born in New York State, Woodruff became a wagon maker at a young age before working on railroad cars in Massachusetts. It is through his work on cars that led to Woodruff's invention of the Woodruff sleeping car, which entered operation in 1858. It is in this position that Woodruff was an early competitor to George Pullman and his company up until Pullman purchased Woodruff's company and patents in 1889. Woodruff also invented a coffee-hulling machine, a surveyor's compass and a steam plow.

Sleeping car
The sleeping car or sleeper (often wagon-lit) is a railway passenger car that can accommodate all passengers in beds of one kind or another, for the purpose of sleeping. George Pullman was the main American innovator and owner of sleeper cars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when railroads dominated intercity passenger travel.

The first such cars saw sporadic use on American and English railways in the 1830s; they could be configured for coach seating during the day.
Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt
The Barberton Greenstone Belt of eastern South Africa contains some of the most widely accepted fossil evidence for Archean life. These cell-sized prokaryote fossils are seen in the Barberton fossil record in rocks as old as 3.5 billion years. The Barberton Greenstone Belt is an excellent place to study the Archean Earth due to exposed sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks.

Studying the earliest forms of life on Earth can provide valuable information to help understand how life can evolve on other planets. It has long been hypothesized that life may have existed on Mars due to the similarity of environmental and tectonic conditions during the Archean time. By knowing the environments in which early life evolved on Earth, and the rock types that preserve them, scientists can have a better understanding of where to look for life on Mars.

Pilbara Craton
The Pilbara Craton is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

The Pilbara Craton is one of only two pristine Archaean 3.8–2.7 Ga (billion years ago) crusts identified on the Earth, along with the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa. The youngest rocks are 1.7 Ga old in the historic area assigned to the Craton. Both locations may have once been part of the Vaalbara supercontinent or the continent of Ur.

There are two subregional geographical classification regimes used, being:

The Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia based upon interacting geo-ecosystems

Based on geology alone where the eastern continuous oldest portion is called the Eastern Pilbara Craton and younger surface lithologies within the larger craton have different names.
Promyshlenniki
The promyshlenniki (Russian: промышленники, sg. промышленник, promyshlennik) were Russian and Indigenous Siberian artel members, or self-employed workers drawn largely from the state serf and townsman class who engaged in the  Siberian,  maritime, and later fur trades.

Initially, the Russians in Russian America were Siberian fur-hunters, river-merchants, and mercenaries, although many later worked as sailors, carpenters, artisans, and craftsmen. The promyshlenniki formed the backbone of Russian trading-operations in Russian Alaska. Some of them worked on preliminary request contracts, including for the Russian-American Company, and their duties and activities became less involved in the company's fur-gathering activities.

Artisan
An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative art, sculpture, clothing, food items, household items, and tools and mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist.
Thealka, Kentucky
Thealka is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. It was created by the North East Coal Company in 1906.and was originally called Muddy Branch. In 1911, it was renamed "Thealka" after the steamboat known by the same name. Both the community and the steamboat were named after John C.C. Mayo's wife, Alice Jane Mayo, who was given the nickname "Alka". Thealka is in the 41240 ZIP Code Tabulation Area, which includes the nearby city of Paintsville.

John C. C. Mayo
John Caldwell Calhoun Mayo (September 16, 1864 – May 11, 1914) was an American entrepreneur, educator, and politician. He is known for attracting corporate interest in the coal deposits of  Eastern Kentucky and Southwestern Virginia, leading to the development of commercial coal mining in the region. The creation of the broad form deed is also attributed to Mayo in the early 1900s.
Diane Larsen-Freeman
Diane Larsen-Freeman (born 1946) is an American linguist. She is currently a Professor Emerita in Education and in Linguistics at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. An applied linguist, known for her work in second language acquisition, English as a second or foreign language, language teaching methods, teacher education, and English grammar, she is renowned for her work on the complex/dynamic systems approach to second language development.

Teacher education
Teacher education or teacher training refers to programs, policies, procedures, and provision designed to equip (prospective) teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, approaches, methodologies and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in the classroom, school, and wider community. The professionals who engage in training the prospective teachers are called teacher educators (or, in some contexts, teacher trainers).

There is a longstanding and ongoing debate about the most appropriate term to describe these activities. The term 'teacher training' (which may give the impression that the activity involves training staff to undertake relatively routine tasks) seems to be losing ground, at least in the U.S., to 'teacher education' (with its connotation of preparing staff for a professional role as a reflective practitioner). The two major components of teacher education are in-service teacher education and pre-service teacher education.
2022 UEC European Track Championships
The 2022 UEC European Track Championships were the thirteenth edition of the elite UEC European Track Championships in track cycling and took place at Messe München in Munich, Germany, from 11 to August 2022, as part of the 2022 European Championships. This was the second edition of this event, after 2018, which takes place as part of the wider European Championships multi-sport event.

European Championships (multi-sport event)
The European Championships was a multi-sport tournament which brought together the existing European Championships of some of the continent's leading sports every four years. The inaugural edition in 2018 was staged by the host cities of Berlin, Germany and Glasgow, United Kingdom between 2 and 12 August. The second edition in 2022 took place in Munich, Germany.

The various Europe-wide championships in the same disciplines that were held outside this quadrennial framework (e.g. annually in the cases of cycling, gymnastics, rowing and triathlon; biennially in the cases of athletics and aquatics) were unaffected by this event.

In January 2025, the UEC confirmed that the combined event would not be happening in 2026, and the future of the event is uncertain. In December 2024, the organising company behind the venture was dissolved.
Valcárcel
Valcárcel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel (1917–1976), Francoist Spanish politician

Kitín Muñoz y Valcárcel (born 1958), Spanish navigator, scientist and sociological explorer

Aurelio Valcárcel Carroll, television producer and director associated with the Telemundo television network

Carlos Valcárcel (born 1981), boxer from Puerto Rico, competitor at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia

Eleazar Huerta Valcárcel (1903–1974), Spanish lawyer and politician

Gisela Valcárcel (born 1963), Peruvian television hostess, actress and businesswoman

Nate Valcarcel (born 2002), American football player

Ramón Luis Valcárcel (born 1954), Spanish politician, president of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia from 1995 to 2014

Ramón Luis Valcárcel
Ramon Luis Valcárcel Siso (born 16 November 1954) is a Spanish politician and former Member of the European Parliament from Spain. He served in the Parliament between the 2014 and 2024 elections.

Prior to his service in the European Parliament, he served as President of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia from 1995 to 2014, and as a former president of the Committee of the Regions (CoR) of the European Union.
The Vatican Tapes
The Vatican Tapes is a 2015 American supernatural horror film directed by Mark Neveldine from a screenplay written by Christopher Borrelli and Michael C. Martin, based on a story conceived by Borrelli and Chris Morgan.

The film stars Olivia Taylor Dudley, Michael Peña, Dougray Scott, Djimon Hounsou, Peter Andersson, Kathleen Robertson, and John Patrick Amedori, and was released on July 24, 2015, by Lionsgate.

Chris Morgan (filmmaker)
Chris Morgan is an American screenwriter and producer. His writing credits include multiple screenplays in the Fast & Furious franchise, Wanted, and the Fox crime drama Gang Related.  Morgan's production company, Chris Morgan Productions, signed a first-look deal with Universal in 2011. In 2013, Morgan launched a TV production company with a first-look deal at Fox. He was spoofed in a video in The Onion in which he was played by a five-year-old.
Janakabhorn Karunayadhaj
Janakabhorn Karunayadhaj (Thai: ชนกภรณ์ การุณยธัช, RTGS: Chanokphon Karunyathat, Thai pronunciation: [t͡ɕʰá.nòk̚.pʰɔ̄ːn kāː.rūn.já.tʰát̚]; born 18 August 1997 in Bangkok, Thailand), nicknamed Pri-an (Thai: ปรีดิ์อัญ, Thai pronunciation: [prīː.ʔān]), is a Thai equestrian. Karunayadhaj competed at the 2018 FEI World Equestrian Games and at the 2022 Asian Games. She has been selected by the Thai Equestrian Federation to represent Thailand as individual at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, which will be her first Olympic appearance.

2018 FEI World Equestrian Games
The 2018 FEI World Equestrian Games were held in Mill Spring, North Carolina, U.S. at the Tryon International Equestrian Center, from September 11 to September 23, 2018. It was the eighth edition of the games, which are held every four years and run by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI). This was the second time that North America hosted the Games, the previous time being in 2010, also in the United States.
Kim Yun-mi (footballer)
Kim Yun-Mi (Korean: 김윤미; born 1 July 1993) is a North Korean footballer who plays as a midfielder for the North Korea women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2014 Algarve Cup, 2014 Asian Games and 2015 EAFF Women's East Asian Cup. At the club level, she played for April 25 Sports Club in North Korea.

April 25 Sports Club
April 25 Sports Club (Korean: 4.25체육단, Sa io ch'eyuktan), shortly 4.25 SC, also known as April 25 National Defence Sports Club (4.25'국방체육단', Sa io "Kukpang ch'eyuktan"), is a multi-sports club based in Pyongyang, North Korea, primarily known for its men's and women's football teams. The club belongs to the Ministry of People's Armed Forces; all members of the professional teams (male and female) are considered officers of the Army.
Zahid Husain (banker)
Zahid Husain (1893–1957) was the founder and the first governor of State Bank of Pakistan from June 1948 to July 1953. He also served as Pakistan's first High Commissioner to India from August 1947 to April 1948.

He was close aide of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and also the father of Supreme Court of Pakistan Justice (R) Nasir Aslam Zahid.

High commissioner (Commonwealth)
In the Commonwealth of Nations, a high commissioner is the senior diplomat, generally ranking as an ambassador, in charge of the diplomatic mission of one Commonwealth government to another. Instead of an embassy, the diplomatic mission is generally called a high commission.
Bilahari
Bilahari is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 29th melakarta scale Sankarabharanam. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the sampurna raga scale Sankarabharanam.

Sampurna raga
In Indian classical music, Sampūrṇa rāgas (संपूर्ण, Sanskrit for 'complete', also spelt as sampoorna) have all seven swaras in their scale. In general, the swaras in the Arohana and Avarohana strictly follow the ascending and descending scale as well. That is, they do not have vakra swara phrases (वक्र, meaning 'crooked').

In Carnatic music, the Melakarta ragas are all sampurna ragas, but the converse is not true, i.e., all sampurna ragas are not Melakarta ragas. An example is Bhairavi raga in Carnatic music (different from the Bhairavi of Hindustani music). Some examples of Melakarta ragas are Mayamalavagowla, Todi, Sankarabharanam and Kharaharapriya.
Nerchau
Nerchau is a town and a former municipality in the Leipzig district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is a part (Ortschaft) of the town Grimma. It is situated on the river Mulde, 7 km northeast of Grimma, and 30 km east of Leipzig (centre).

Leipzig (district)
Leipzig (official name: Landkreis Leipzig) is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony in eastern Germany. It is named after the city of Leipzig, which borders onto the district, but the city is not part of the district. Leipzig district has borders with (from the west and clockwise) the state of Saxony-Anhalt, the urban district of Leipzig, the districts of Nordsachsen and Mittelsachsen, and the state of Thuringia.
Stephen James (visual effects artist)
Stephen James is a Canadian visual effects artist. He won an Academy Award in the category Best Visual Effects for the film Dune: Part Two.

In addition to his Academy Award nomination, he won a Primetime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Special Visual Effects for his work on the television program The Last of Us. He also won a BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects. His win was shared with Paul Lambert, Gerd Nefzer and Rhys Salcombe.

Visual effects
Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated as VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using CGI have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and compositing software.