hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrew Ian Port
Andrew Ian Port is an American historian and professor of modern European history at Wayne State University. He is known for his research on everyday life in the German Democratic Republic and on postwar German memory culture. Port is the author of several books, including Conflict and Stability in the German Democratic Republic (2007) and Never Again: Germans and Genocide after the Holocaust (2023). He served as editor-in-chief of the journal Central European History from 2014 to 2019.

Central European History
Central European History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal on history published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Central European History Society, an affiliate of the American Historical Association. It covers all aspects of central European history from the Middle Ages to the present day. It was established in 1968 and is edited by Kenneth Ledford and Catherine Epstein.

The journal was published by Brill Publishers in the past.
PS Young Australian
PS Young Australian was a paddle steamer that was lost on the Roper River in what is now the Northern Territory of Australia.

In 1854, Young Australian was driven ashore at Cape Northumberland in South Australia. It serviced the Roper River in the  Northern Territory  for twenty years before sinking in 1872 while bringing supplies for the overland telegraph work crews at Roper Bar. Young Australian sunk  upstream from the settlement at Ngukurr, and can still be seen in the river on the edge of the Limmen National Park.

In 1980, the wreck site was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

Young Australian received an Engineering Heritage Marker from Engineers Australia as part of its Engineering Heritage Recognition Program.

Cape Northumberland (South Australia)
Cape Northumberland is a headland in the southeast of the Australian state of South Australia. It is the southernmost point of South Australia. It is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the town of Port MacDonnell, 28 kilometres south southwest from the municipal seat of Mount Gambier and about 393 kilometres (244 mi) southeast of the state's capital Adelaide.
Sean Sasser
Sean Franklin Sasser (October 25, 1968 – August 7, 2013) was an American educator, activist, pastry chef, and reality television personality best known for his appearances on MTV's The Real World: San Francisco, which depicted his relationship with fellow AIDS activist Pedro Zamora. Although not one of the original cast members himself, Sasser's relationship with Zamora was one of the focal points of that season. This included a commitment ceremony in which the two exchanged vows, the first such ceremony for a same sex couple on television, and considered a landmark event in the medium.

Pastry chef
A pastry chef is a station chef in a professional kitchen, skilled in the making of pastries, desserts, breads and other baked goods. They are employed in large hotels, bistros, restaurants, bakeries, by caterers, and some cafés.
Frinton-on-Sea
Frinton-on-Sea is a seaside town in the civil parish of Frinton and Walton, in the Tendring district of Essex, England. At the 2021 census the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 4,951.

Office for National Statistics
The Office for National Statistics (ONS; Welsh: Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol) is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the UK Parliament.
Crary Knoll
Crary Knoll (78°16′S 161°37′E﻿ / ﻿78.267°S 161.617°E﻿ / -78.267; 161.617) is a symmetrical ice-covered knoll rising to 1,520 metres (5,000 ft), 2 nautical miles (4 km) south-southeast of Holmes Block in the Skelton Glacier area, Hillary Coast. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1994. The toponym provides a historical footnote that U.S. scientist Albert P. Crary, for whom Crary Ice Rise is also named, led geophysical traverses past this feature to the Polar Plateau en route to the South Pole and other destinations.

Holmes Block
Holmes Block (78°13′S 161°35′E﻿ / ﻿78.217°S 161.583°E﻿ / -78.217; 161.583) is a blocklike bluff, rising to 1,855 metres (6,090 ft) at the west side of Ruecroft Glacier, 2 nautical miles (4 km) west of Cooke Bluff, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1994 after John W. Holmes, a cartographer specialising in Antarctic mapping with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Branch of Special Maps, 1951–77, and from 1977, assigned to the USGS Mapping Applications Center.
K. B. Prasanna Kumar
K. B. Prasanna Kumar is a politician from Karnataka. He defeated K. S. Eshwarappa, Ex-Deputy Chief Minister in the Shimoga constituency in the 2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He was associated with Indian National Congress till 21 April 2023 for 20+ years. He joined JDS ( JANATA DAL SECULAR) Party on 21 April 2023 in the presence of EX PM H. D. Deve Gowda and EX CM H. D. Kumaraswamy.

2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
The 2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election was held on 5 May 2013 to elect members from 223 constituencies in the Indian state of Karnataka. The election for the Piriyapatna constituency was postponed to 28 May 2013 due to the death of the BJP candidate for the seat. The voter turnout in the state was 70.23%.

Five major political parties contested the election: Indian National Congress (INC) led by Siddaramaiah, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led by Chief Minister Jagadish Shettar, Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)) led by H. D. Kumaraswamy, B. S. Yediyurappa's Karnataka Janata Paksha (KJP) and B. Sriramulu's Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress (BSRCP).

The INC won the election with an absolute majority of 122 seats, including the Piriyapatna seat, 9 more than the majority mark of 113. As a result, the INC returned to power on its own after nine years with Siddaramaiah becoming the Chief Minister.
Karina Gerber
Karina Gerber (born 18 May 1977) is a South African modern pentathlete. She represented South Africa at the 2000 Summer Olympics held in Sydney, Australia in the women's modern pentathlon and she finished in 18th place.

South Africa at the 2000 Summer Olympics
South Africa competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.

The South African Airways had one of their Boeing 747-300s specially painted in rainbow colours to transport the South African Olympic team to Sydney. The aircraft was fondly dubbed the Ndizani.
Theatre on the Bay
Theatre on the Bay is a theatre in Camps Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. Pieter Toerien converted the building into a theatre in the 1980s. It opened in December 1988 with a production of Dan Goggin's Nunsense.

Toerien's theatre hosts a mix of local and international drama, concerts, comedies, and dance.

Nunsense
Nunsense (1985) is a musical comedy with a book, music, and lyrics by Dan Goggin. Originating as a line of greeting cards, Goggin expanded the concept into a cabaret show that ran for 38 weeks, and eventually into a full-length musical. The original Off-Broadway production opened December 12, 1985, running for 3,672 performances and becoming the second-longest-running Off-Broadway show in history. The show has since been adapted for television, starring Rue McClanahan, and has spawned six sequels and three spin-offs.
2001 Ericsson Open – Women's singles
Venus Williams defeated Jennifer Capriati in the final, 4–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–4) to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2001 Miami Open. Williams saved eight championship points in the third set.

Martina Hingis was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Venus Williams.

Mariana Díaz Oliva
Mariana Díaz Oliva (born 11 March 1976) is a former professional tennis player from Argentina.

She played professionally from September 1992 until 12 October 2006. Her highest ranks were world No. 42 for singles and No. 93 for doubles, both achieved in 2001. At the 2001 Bol Open, she defeated Kim Clijsters to reach the final, where she lost to Ángeles Montolio. In 2002, she won the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo. In 2003, she also reached the Mexican Open singles final.
Tropidurus melanopleurus
Tropidurus melanopleurus, the black lava lizard, is a species of lizard from the Andean region of western South America, ranging between the three different countries of Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. It was described in 1902 by zoologist George Boulenger. It is fairly small in size, but is known for its different appearance and differing size between the males and females. However, while the patterns of color may be different between the sexes, both males and females have a very distinct physical color array with a patterned mix of green, orange, cream, black and or brown. This species of lizard lives in a generally warm to hot climate all year round and spends most of its day on the side of vertical rock structures in the mountains, feeding on various types of insects, with an emphasis on ants.

George Albert Boulenger
George Albert Boulenger FRS (19 October 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Belgian-British zoologist who described and gave scientific names to over 2,000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Boulenger was also an active botanist during the last 30 years of his life, especially in the study of roses.
Shakhmurza Adyrbekov
Shakhmurza Adyrbekov (Kazakh:  Шахмурза Адырбеков; born 5 July 2006) is a Kazakhstani footballer who currently plays for Slovak First Football League club AS Trenčín.

He currently represents the Kazakhstan national under-21 football team.

Adyrbekov is currently the only Kazakh football player to play for  clubs of the highest European leagues outside the post-Soviet era.

Demographics of Kazakhstan
The demographics of Kazakhstan enumerate the demographic features of the population of Kazakhstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Some use the word Kazakh to refer to the Kazakh ethnic group and language (autochthonous to Kazakhstan as well as parts of China and Mongolia) and Kazakhstani to refer to Kazakhstan and its citizens regardless of ethnicity, but it is common to use Kazakh in both senses. It is expected that by 2050, the population will range from 23.5 to 27.7 million people.
6th Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 6th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army.  It served in the Napoleonic Wars (notably at the Battle of Waterloo), in the First World War on the Western Front where it was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry Division, and with the 1st Cavalry Division during the Second World War.

Second Battle of El Alamein
The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt.

In October 1942 Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery,  commander of Eighth Army, opened his offensive against the Axis forces. In a 13-day battle the Axis Panzerarmee Afrika was crushed and forced to retreat from Egypt and Libya to the borders of Tunisia. The Allied victory at El Alamein was the beginning of the end of the Western Desert Campaign.

The battle ended the Axis threat to the Middle East and Iran and revived the morale of the western Allies, being their first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The end of the battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch on 8 November, which opened a second front in North Africa.
Polnische Hochzeit
Polnische Hochzeit (Polish Wedding) is a 1937 operetta by the Polish Jewish composer Joseph Beer to a libretto by his mentor Fritz Löhner-Beda and Alfred Grünwald, which premiered on 3 April 1937 at the Zürich Opera House. The Austrian premiere followed on 6 November 1937 in Linz. The operetta received spectacular success. Within a few years it was performed throughout Europe on some 40 stages (including the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, the Teatr Wielki in Warsaw, and the Teatro Fontalba in Madrid) and translated into eight languages.

The following year, following the Anschluss in 1938, Beer fled Austria and his works were suppressed by the Nazis.

The Staatsoperette Dresden presented the first performance in Germany on 22 April 2023.

Theater an der Wien
The Theater an der Wien is a historic theatre in Vienna located on the Left Wienzeile in the Mariahilf district. Completed in 1801, the theatre has hosted the premieres of many celebrated works of theatre, opera, and symphonic music. Since 2006, it has served primarily as an opera house, hosting its own company.

Although "Wien" is German for "Vienna", the "Wien" in the name of the theatre is actually the name of the Wien River, which once flowed by the theatre site; "an der Wien" means "on the banks of the Wien". In modern times, the river has been covered over in this location and the covered riverbed now houses the Naschmarkt, an open-air market.

The theatre is operated in cooperation with Vereinigte Bühnen Wien (VBW) which also operates the Raimund Theater and the Ronacher.
Battle of Pedroso
The Battle of Pedroso was fought on 18 February 1071, in Pedroso, near the Cávado river crossing next to Monastery of São Martinho de Tibães, Braga, Portugal.

Although the battle of Pedroso has been mistakenly dated in January, as mentioned in the Chronica Gothorum, a donation to the Monastery of Santo Antonino de Barbudo dated 17 February 1071 shows that the battle took place in February rather than in January.

Forces under García II, the King of Galicia, defeated those under Nuno II Mendes, the last count of Portugal of the House of Vímara Peres.  Nuno Mendes died in the battle, allowing Garcia to take possession of the province.

Monastery of São Martinho de Tibães
The Monastery of St Martin of Tibães (Portuguese: Mosteiro de São Martinho de Tibães) is a monastery in the parish of Mire de Tibães near Braga in northern Portugal. It was the mother house of the Benedictine order in Portugal and Brazil, and it is known for its church's exuberant Rococo interior.
Roberts Bartholow
Roberts Bartholow or Roobert Bartholow (November 28, 1831 – May 10, 1904) was an American physician and a professor at several American medical colleges. He is best known for his experiments involving a 30-year-old patient named Mary Rafferty. Rafferty was admitted to Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1874 with a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) hole in her skull caused by a cancerous ulcer. Bartholow experimented with applying current to Rafferty's exposed dura using needle electrodes. His report detailed the first observations of how electrical stimulation of the brain affects motor functions of the body, but many ethical concerns were raised about the way in which he carried out his experiments. Rafferty went into a coma for three days and then died the day after coming out of the coma from a massive seizure.

Ulcer (dermatology)
An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. Ulcers are most common on the skin of the lower extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract. An ulcer that appears on the skin is often visible as an inflamed tissue with an area of reddened skin. A skin ulcer is often visible in the event of exposure to heat or cold, irritation, or a problem with blood circulation.

They can also be caused due to a lack of mobility, which causes prolonged pressure on the tissues. This stress in the blood circulation is transformed into a skin ulcer, commonly known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers. Ulcers often become infected, and pus forms.
El Amrouni mausoleum
The El Amrouni mausoleum is a Punic tower mausoleum in Tunisia, south of Tataouine, in the Gefara region. It contains a Neo-punic inscription known as KAI 117.

Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften proposes a date of the first century CE, but Latin epigraphy specials have been in favour of a later date.

Punic language
The Punic language, also called Phoenicio-Punic or Carthaginian, is an extinct variety of the Phoenician language, a Canaanite language of the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages. An offshoot of the Phoenician language of coastal West Asia (modern Lebanon and north western Syria), it was principally spoken on the Mediterranean coast of Northwest Africa, the Iberian Peninsula  and several Mediterranean islands, such as Malta, Sicily, and Sardinia by the Punic people, or western Phoenicians, throughout classical antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD.
Bryan Bullington
Bryan Paul Bullington (born September 30, 1980) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Bullington was the first overall selection in the 2002 Major League Baseball draft. In Major League Baseball (MLB), he played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Cleveland Indians, Toronto Blue Jays, and Kansas City Royals. He also played in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hiroshima Carp and the Orix Buffaloes.

Quality start
In baseball, a quality start (QS) is a statistic for a starting pitcher defined as a game in which the pitcher completes at least six innings and permits no more than three earned runs. The quality start was developed by sportswriter John Lowe in 1985 while writing for The Philadelphia Inquirer. He wrote that it "shows exactly how many times a baseball pitcher has done his job."

The quality start was created to be an accurate measure of a starting pitcher's performance. However, the implied earned run average (ERA) of a minimum quality start has been criticized, with Tim McCarver noting "three runs for six innings ... means the ERA would be 4.50 ... Rubbish."
Jeffrey McColl
Jeffrey McColl (June 16, 1833 – March 3, 1900) was a shipbuilder, businessman, and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1886 to 1890 as a Liberal member. He married Ann McGregor, the sister of James Drummond McGregor. McColl died in 1900 in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. He was elected in the 1882 and the 1886 Nova Scotia general election.

New Glasgow, Nova Scotia
New Glasgow is a town in Pictou County, in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated on the banks of the East River of Pictou, which flows into Pictou Harbour, a sub-basin of the Northumberland Strait.

The town's population was 9,471 in the 2021 census. New Glasgow is at the centre of the province's fourth largest urban area; the population of the New Glasgow census agglomeration in the 2021 census was 34,397. The New Glasgow census agglomeration includes the smaller adjacent towns of Stellarton, Westville, and Trenton as well as adjacent rural areas of the county.
Kyle Scatliffe
Kyle Scatliffe (born July 18, 1986) is an American stage actor best known for playing Enjolras in the 2014 Broadway revival of Les Misérables, and Harpo in the 2015 Broadway Revival of The Color Purple. He was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical in 2014 for his performance as Haywood Patterson in The Scottsboro Boys.

Scatliffe has portrayed the role of the Marquis de Lafayette / Thomas Jefferson in the second U.S. tour of Hamilton, which began performances in February 2018.

2014 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 2014 Laurence Olivier Awards was held on Sunday 13 April 2014 at the Royal Opera House, London. The awards were presented by Gemma Arterton and Stephen Mangan. The highlights programme was presented on ITV after the ceremony.
San Marco basin
San Marco basin (Italian: Bacino San Marco; Venetian: Basin de San Marco) in Venice, Italy, is an area of the Venetian Lagoon that faces the Riva degli Schiavoni and Doge's Palace of the San Marco sestiere.

Doge's Palace
The Doge's Palace (Doge pronounced /doʊ(d)ʒ/; Italian: Palazzo Ducale; Venetian: Pałaso Dogal) is a palace built in Venetian Gothic style, and one of the main landmarks of the city of Venice in northern Italy. The palace included government offices, a jail, and the residence of the Doge of Venice, the elected authority of the former Republic of Venice. It was originally built in 810, rebuilt in 1340 and extended and modified in the following centuries. It became a museum in 1923 and is one of 11 museums run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.
Zhang Ping
Zhang Ping or Ping Zhang may refers to:

Zhang Ping (Sixteen Kingdoms) (died 361), warlord during the Sixteen Kingdoms period

Zhang Ping (politician) (born 1946), Chinese politician

Zhang Ping (writer) (born 1953), Chinese novelist

Zhang Ping (engineer)  (born 1959), Chinese engineer

Zhang Ping (volleyball) (born 1982), Chinese volleyball player

Zhang Ping (actor) (1917–1986), Chinese actor

Ping Zhang (information scientist)

Ping Zhang (graph theorist)

Ping Zhang (biologist)

Zhang Ping (Sixteen Kingdoms)
Zhang Ping (died 361) was a warlord during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of China. He was initially the Inspector of Bingzhou under the Later Zhao dynasty who later gained autonomy over the province following the decline of the state at the start of the 350s. He wavered his loyalty between Former Qin, Former Yan and the Eastern Jin dynasties until he was able to muster the strength to briefly compete with the Former Qin and Former Yan as a rival state in 357. That year, he went to war with Fu Jiān (Emperor Xuanzhao of Former Qin) but was decisively defeated and forced back into submission. Shortly after his defeat, Zhang surrendered to the Former Yan. In 361, Zhang Ping rebelled against the Former Yan over a territorial dispute but was killed by invading Former Qin forces in the process.
La Manga Club
La Manga Club is a sports and leisure resort located in the south-eastern region of Spain, Murcia, south of La Manga, and bordered by the Mar Menor and Calblanque Regional Park. The resort complex opened in 1972 and covers an area of 1,400 acres (560 ha).

La Manga Club - The Resort, in fact resides within an area called Atamaria, and provides sporting services to an established and growing "Small Town" - The La Manga Club Community - LMCC. It comprises over 2,200 privately owned homes with growing resident population. Within LMCC there is a Church - St Teresa's, a Post Office and local Bank offices.

Calblanque Regional Park
Calblanque Regional Park, Monte de las Cenizas y Peña del Águila is a regional park in the south-east of Spain, and in this country in the autonomous community Región de Murcia. In this region, it is located in the municipalities Cartagena and La Unión. It is part of Sierra Minera, a mountain chain in the Baetic System.

It is one of the best preserved areas in the Mediterranean littoral in spite of human activities and interactions. The two last facts brings this area a cultural value.

In regards of its geology, there are two kinds of lithology: metamorphic rocks and Quaternary sediments. Overall, there are the most ancient rocks in The Region of Murcia and the most recent ones, which are altered by sundry erosion processes. These phenomenon turn into the existence of beaches, risks, natural arcs, and tafoni.

There is a large diversity of habitats, including slopes, forests, and sandy areas.