hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mining industry of the Central African Republic
The Central African Republic's mineral resource endowment includes copper, diamond, gold, graphite, ilmenite, iron ore, kaolin, kyanite, lignite, limestone, manganese, monazite, quartz, rutile, salt, tin, and uranium. Of these commodities, only diamond and gold were produced in 2006 - subsistence farming was the mainstay of the economy.

In 2006 the World Trade Organization estimated that the mining sector accounted for about 7% of the gross domestic product. Rough diamonds and timber were the country's leading export products.
However, in December 2014, the U.S. Department of Labor report on labor conditions around the world contained a List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor that mentioned diamonds as a good produced in such working conditions in the Central African Republic.

Rutile
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.

Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispersion. Owing to these properties, it is useful for the manufacture of certain optical elements, especially polarization optics, for longer visible and infrared wavelengths up to about 4.5 micrometres. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum.

Rutile derives its name from the Latin rutilus ('red'), in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light. Rutile was first described in 1803 by Abraham Gottlob Werner using specimens obtained in Horcajuelo de la Sierra, Madrid (Spain), which is consequently the type locality.
Brusand
Brusand is a village in Hå municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The small village is located on a small isthmus of land between the lake Bjåvatnet and the North Sea.  The village sits along the Sørlandet Line (traditionally called the Jæren Line) and it is served by the Jæren Commuter Rail which stops at the Brusand Station.  The village is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of the village of Vigrestad and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of the villages of Ogna and Sirevåg.

Brusand is located next to the large Brusandstranda beach which has a nice sandy beach, plus a good-sized area of sand dunes.  There is also a camping site near the shore. The 0.19-square-kilometre (47-acre) village has a population (2019) of 430 and a population density of 2,263 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,860/sq mi).

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Coletta (surname)
Coletta is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Coletta (born 1944), baseball player

Chris Coletta (cyclist) (born 1972), American cyclist

Damiano Coletta, (born 1960), Italian politician, physician and footballer

Gabriela Coletta (born 1968), American politician

Jacopo Coletta, (born 1992), Italian footballer

John Coletta (1932–2006), English music manager and producer

Kim Coletta, bassist for Jawbox

Sabino Coletta (1914-?),  Argentine footballer

Chris Coletta (cyclist)
Christopher John Coletta (born July 29, 1972) is an American former cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1992 Summer Olympics.  He graduated from University of Illinois and Harvard University.
Chicago Lock
Chicago Lock Co. is a lock manufacturer, founded in Chicago in 1920. Since 1933, it has sold a tubular pin tumbler lock marketed under the registered trademark "Ace." Millions of Ace locks have been sold; for instance, these locks are used in Northwestern Corporation's Triple Play bulk vending machine.
In 2004 it was widely publicized that the barrel of a cheap ballpoint pen would act as an effective lock pick for many brands of tubular lock.

NorthWestern Energy
NorthWestern Energy Group, Inc. is a utility company that serves South Dakota, Nebraska, and Montana that is based in Sioux Falls. As of 2019, the company serves approximately 718,000 customers. The company's corporate headquarters are located in Sioux Falls while the headquarters for the South Dakota operations (and which was the headquarters for the old NorthWestern Public Service Company) are in Huron, South Dakota.
Bob Barrell
Robert John Barrell (1 November 1905 – 13 January 1967) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

Born in Mountain Ash, Barrell was a forward and played his rugby for Cardiff from 1926 to 1934, making a total of 241 appearances. He was an occasional Wales representative during this period, with four caps. His only try came in a home win over France in 1929. He later competed for Penarth.

Barrell worked as a police officer outside of rugby, beginning from his time with Cardiff. He earned a promotion to sergeant while based at Nantymoel and retired from the Glamorgan Constabulary in 1954.

Glamorgan Constabulary
Glamorgan Constabulary, or Glamorganshire Constabulary, was the Home Office police force for the county of Glamorgan, Wales.

The force was formed in 1841. It absorbed Neath Borough Police in 1947

In 1965, the force had an establishment of 1,153 and an actual strength of 1,055, making it by far the largest police force in Wales.

In 1969, the force amalgamated with Cardiff City Police, Swansea Borough Police and Merthyr Tydfil Borough Police (which had seceded from it in 1908) to form South Wales Constabulary.

Chief Constables

1841–1867 : Captain Charles Napier

1867–1891 : Henry Gore Lindsay

1891–1936 : Lionel Arthur Lindsay

1936–1951 : Joseph Jones

1951– : Cecil Haydn Watkins
Irene Scruggs
Irene Scruggs (born Irene Smith, December 7, 1901 – July 20, 1981) was an American Piedmont blues and country blues singer, who was also billed as Chocolate Brown and Dixie Nolan. She recorded songs such as "My Back to the Wall" and "Good Grindin'" and worked with Clarence Williams, Joe "King" Oliver, Lonnie Johnson, Little Brother Montgomery, Blind Blake, Albert Nicholas, and Kid Ory. Scruggs achieved some success but today is largely forgotten.

Country blues
Country blues (also folk blues, rural blues, backwoods blues, or downhome blues) is one of the earliest forms of blues music, but also refers to a blend of country music and blues. The mainly solo vocal with acoustic fingerstyle guitar accompaniment developed in the rural Southern United States in the early 20th century.  It stands in contrast primarily to the urban blues style, especially in the pre-war era.
Sir William Davie, 4th Baronet
Sir William Davie, 4th Baronet (1662–1707) of Creedy in the parish of Sandford, near Crediton in Devon, inherited the Davie baronetcy and the Davie estates from his elder brother Sir John Davie, 3rd Baronet (1660–1692), MP for Saltash 1679–85 and Sheriff of Devon in 1688, who died unmarried at the age of 32.

Totnes (UK Parliament constituency)
Totnes was a parliamentary constituency in Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency name was abolished. With to minor boundary changes, it was renamed South Devon at the 2024 general election.
Brendan Maher (director)
Brendan Maher is a director of numerous episodes of Australian television series and several British TV series and feature films.

He directed episodes of Five Mile Creek (c. 1985), The Flying Doctors (c. 1986), Glass Babies (1985) and Skirts (1990).

Later Australian credits include the TV series Tomorrow, When the War Began, Sisters of War, The Cooks, White Collar Blue and The Secret Life of Us; also the telemovies Secret Bridesmaids' Business and an adaptation of Society Murders.

He directed the series Outlander, and The Passing Bells for the BBC, also episodes of Spartacus, Upstairs Downstairs, Silent Witness, and a TV adaptation of Wide Sargasso Sea.

Five Mile Creek
Five Mile Creek is a western television drama series adapted from Louis L'Amour's novel The Cherokee Trail and produced in Australia. It starred Liz Burch, Louise Caire Clark, Rod Mullinar, Jay Kerr, Michael Caton, Peter Carroll, Gus Mercurio, Martin Lewis, Priscilla Weems and Nicole Kidman. It also featured a then-unknown Asher Keddie in her film debut. Jonathan Frakes was a guest star as Maggie's estranged husband, Adam Scott. The series aired on the Disney Channel in the US in the 1980s.
Molar volume
In chemistry and related fields, the molar volume, symbol Vm, or  of a substance is the ratio of the volume (V) occupied by a substance to the amount of substance (n), usually at a given temperature and pressure. It is also equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density (ρ):

The molar volume has the SI unit of cubic metres per mole (m3/mol), although it is more typical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole (dm3/mol) for gases, and cubic centimetres per mole (cm3/mol) for liquids and solids.

Cubic centimetre
A cubic centimetre (or cubic centimeter in US English) (SI unit symbol: cm3; non-SI abbreviations: cc and ccm) is a commonly used unit of volume that corresponds to the volume of a cube that measures 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm. One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of one millilitre.  The mass of one cubic centimetre of water at 3.98 °C (the temperature at which it attains its maximum density) is almost equal to one gram.

In internal combustion engines, "cc" refers to the total volume of its engine displacement in cubic centimetres. The displacement can be calculated using the formula

where d is engine displacement, b is the bore of the cylinders, s is length of the stroke and n is the number of cylinders.

Conversions

1 millilitre = 1 cm3

1 litre = 1000 cm3

1 cubic inch = 16.38706 cm3.
Chuni Kotal
Chuni Kotal was an Adivasi social worker and the first woman graduate from the Lodha community, a Particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) in India. Her death in 1992 drew national attention to allegations of systemic discrimination faced by tribal communities in educational institutions.

Vidyasagar University
Vidyasagar University is a public state research university
that was established by an Act of the West Bengal legislature which was notified in the Calcutta Gazette on 24 June 1981. It is an affiliating university in Paschim Medinipur district of southern West Bengal, India. It offers courses at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.

It was founded by the University of Cambridge mathematician and statistician Anil Kumar Gain.
Seiji Isobe
Seiji Isobe (磯部清次, Isobe Seiji; born March 1, 1948) is a Japanese karate instructor residing in Brazil. He is a member of the IKO1 (Kyokushin Matsui Group)'s international committee and is the General Manager of the South American Regional Federation. He holds a rank of 9th Dan Black in Kyokushin Karate.

Seiji Isobe, although unsuccessful in Full-Contact Karate competitions himself, became renowned as one of the best Kyokushin and/or Full-Contact Karate coaches. He is known for training various highly prestigious Brazilian Karateka, including Francisco Filho, Glaube Feitosa, Ewerton Teixeira, Andrews Nakahara and Ademir da Costa.

Ewerton Teixeira
Ewerton Teixeira (born February 13, 1982) is a Brazilian professional kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and Kyokushin Kaikan karateka. Teixeira obtained his first K-1 title in 2008 at K-1 World Grand Prix 2008 in Fukuoka by beating Keijiro Maeda in the final. He is training K-1 at the Ichigeki Academy Kyokushin Kaikan in Tokyo, Japan. Despite the short career for a kickboxer, Teixeira has notable wins against K-1 legends: Jerome Le Banner, Errol Zimmerman and Musashi.
2021–22 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by first-year head coach Chris Beard and played their home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas as members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 22–12, 10–8 in Big 12 play to finish in fourth place. As the No. 4 seed in the Big 12 tournament, they were defeated in the Quarterfinals by TCU. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 6 seed in the East Region, where they defeated Virginia Tech in the first round before losing to Purdue in the second round.

This was the Longhorns' final season at the Frank Erwin Center, with the new Moody Center opening for the 2022–23 season.

2021–22 Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team represented Purdue University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Matt Painter in his 17th season with the Boilermakers. The Boilermakers played their home games at Mackey Arena in West Lafayette, Indiana as members of the Big Ten Conference.

On December 6, 2021, Purdue was ranked No. 1 in the AP poll for the first time in school history, receiving all 61 first-place votes. They were also ranked No. 1 in the Coaches poll.
Madame Arthur
Madame Arthur is the first gender-twist cabaret in France, opened in 1946, taking its name from the famous song written in 1860 by Paul de Kock and performed by Yvette Guilbert.

It is located at 75 bis rue des Martyrs, in the heart of Pigalle, in the 18th arrondissement of Paris.

In 2015, Madame Arthur's building was combined with the adjacent Divan du Monde to form a single cabaret club.

Marie-Pierre Pruvot
Marie-Pierre Pruvot (also known under the pseudonym Marie-Pier Ysser; born 11 November 1935) is a French transgender woman who performed under the stage name Bambi. She performed in a transgender showgirl revue at Le Carrousel de Paris for approximately 20 years.

While performing regularly, she appeared in several documentaries, including the 1959 film Costa Azzurra, directed by Vittorio Sala and the 1963 film 90 notti in giro per il mondo, directed by Mina Loy. During her entertainment career, she acquired university degrees at the Sorbonne in Paris, subsequently becoming a teacher of literature in 1974. She was initially appointed in Cherbourg; two years later, she began teaching at Garges-lès-Gonesse, and remained there for the next 25 years. She was honored with induction into the Ordre des Palmes Académiques.

She was profiled in Sébastien Lifshitz's documentary film Bambi, which won the Teddy Award for Best Documentary Film at the 2013 Berlin International Film Festival.
Xiamen BRT
Xiamen's Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a bus rapid transit system in Xiamen, Fujian, China. It was formally put into operation on August 31, 2008 and is considered China's first elevated BRT network. Eventually the system will be rebuilt into an elevated metro network and be integrated with the Xiamen Metro.

The system uses some dedicated elevated roadways as well as dedicated lanes on bridges which allow buses to reach speeds of 60 km/h. Due to its success, the city has won honors as the China's top transportation city for six years running with more than 30% of trips taken by public transport.

Line 1 (Xiamen Metro)
Line 1 of the Xiamen Metro is a subway line in Xiamen. The first section, running from Yannei to Zhenhai Road, has 24 stations and is 30.3 kilometres (18.8 mi) long. It began operations on 31 December 2017.
Isabelle Gallagher
Isabelle Gallagher (born 27 October 1973) is a French mathematician. Her research concerns partial differential equations such as the Navier–Stokes equations, the wave equation, and the Schrödinger equation, as well as harmonic analysis of the Heisenberg group.

Wave equation
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

This article focuses on waves in classical physics. Quantum physics uses an operator-based wave equation often as a relativistic wave equation.
T17 road (Tanzania)
The T17 is a Trunk road in Tanzania. The road runs from the T5 major trunk road junction at Makuyuni and heads north towards Musoma. The roads as it is approximately 431 km (268 mi).  The road is mostly not paved. The route goes through the Ngorongoro Conservation Area as well as the Serengeti National Park. The highway was in much controversy as the Government of Tanzania aimed to pave the road, with many campaigns mostly in Europe against the move to protect the ecosystem of the national parks. After much pressure, the government agreed to improve the regional roads instead and provide an alternative route around the park. The T37 trunk road was drawn up as the alternative to connect the communities in the northern regions.

Makuyuni, Monduli
Makuyuni is an administrative ward in the Monduli district of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 12,529 people in the ward, from 11,228 in 2012.
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
In enzymology, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and a proton. Its products are L-proline and oxidised (NAD+). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate can be used as an alternative cofactor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include proline oxidase, L-proline oxidase, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, NADPH-L-Delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase, and L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase.  This enzyme participates in arginine and proline metabolism.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
2023 Meerbusch Challenger – Doubles
David Pel and Szymon Walków were the defending champions but only Walków chose to defend his title, partnering Tim Sandkaulen. They lost in the first round to Orlando Luz and Sem Verbeek.

Manuel Guinard and Grégoire Jacq won the title after defeating Fernando Romboli and Marcelo Zormann 7–5, 7–6(7–3) in the final.

Sem Verbeek
Sem Verbeek (born 12 April 1994) is a Dutch tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 29 achieved on 19 May 2025. In 2025, Verbeek won the mixed doubles title at Wimbledon with Kateřina Siniaková. He is the current No. 3 Dutch doubles player. He also has a career-high in singles of No. 531 achieved on 15 April 2019.
Dunstan River
The Dunstan River is a 6.0-mile-long (9.7 km) river in the town of Scarborough in Cumberland County, Maine, USA. Its lower portion flows through salt marshes and it is a tributary of the tidal Scarborough River.

Scarborough, Maine
Scarborough is a town in Cumberland County on the southern coast of the U.S. state of Maine. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland, Scarborough is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The population was 22,135 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous town in Maine.
2017 Sudamérica Rugby Women's Sevens
This edition of the 2017 Sudamérica Rugby Women's Sevens was held in Villa Carlos Paz, Córdoba, Argentina from 18 to 19 February. Despite losing to Brazil in the final, Argentina still got to play at the 2017 USA Women's Sevens in Las Vegas because Brazil was already in the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series. Argentina and Colombia also qualified to compete in the Hong Kong Sevens Qualifier Tournament for the 2017–18 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series. This was Brazil's 13th Sudamérica title.

Villa Carlos Paz
Villa Carlos Paz (locally [ˈbiʝa ˈkaɾlos ˈpas]) is a city in the center-north of the province of Córdoba, Argentina, in the south of the Punilla Valley, lying on the western slope of the Sierras Chicas. It has a population of about 56,000 as per the 2001 census [INDEC]. The area of Punilla is a major tourist destination on the national level, and Villa Carlos Paz is in turn the most important city of Punilla, favoured by its closeness (36 km (22 mi)) to the populous Córdoba City, the capital of the province. Popular tourist activities include bathing in one of the many rivers, fishing, evening shows, kite surfing, windsurfing, hiking and mountain biking.
Ahmed El-Fakharany
Ahmed El-Fakharany (born 1981) is an Egyptian writer. He was born in Alexandria. He is the author of six novels:

Mandourla (2013),

The Story of the Pasha (2016),

The Family of Jado (2017),

Souk of the Syrians (2019),

Taming the Dog (2021) and

Bar Lialina (2022)

Both Souk of the Syrians and Mandourla have been honoured at the Sawiris Cultural Awards. His latest work Bar Lialina has been nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize.

He has also written a book of short stories, The Kingdom of the Orange Juice (2011), and a book of poetry, Simple Decoration (2017).

International Prize for Arabic Fiction
The International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) (Arabic: الجائزة العالمية للرواية العربية), also known as "the Arabic Booker", is regarded as the most prestigious and important literary prize in the Arab world.

Its aim is to reward excellence in contemporary Arabic creative writing and to encourage the readership of high-quality Arabic literature internationally through the translation and publication of winning and shortlisted novels in other major languages. In addition to the prize itself, IPAF supports other literary initiatives. In 2009, IPAF launched its inaugural nadwa (writers' workshop) for emerging writers of fiction in Arabic.

The prize is administered by the Booker Prize Foundation in London, and is currently funded by Department of Culture and Tourism, Abu Dhabi (DCT).

Each year, the winner of the prize receives US$50,000, and the six shortlisted authors receive US$10,000 each.
Next Wave Jazz Ensemble
The Next Wave Jazz Ensemble is a musical ensemble based at the United States Naval Academy and performing worldwide. The ensemble is a traditional big band.

Musical material for the group includes works originally performed by the Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Glenn Miller, Stan Kenton, and Thad Jones/Mel Lewis bands, along with more recent compositions by the likes of Bob Curnow.

While the group members act as cultural ambassadors around the country, past performance venues for the group within the Annapolis area have included Annapolis' City Dock and the Bowie Center for the Performing Arts. Vocalists featured with the group have included Jessica Hatfield. The group includes 17 members.

Mel Lewis
Melvin Sokoloff (May 10, 1929 – February 2, 1990), known professionally as Mel Lewis, was an American jazz drummer, session musician, professor, and author. He received fourteen Grammy Award nominations.