hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Władysław Santarius
Władysław Santarius (also known as Vladislav Santarius) (12 November 1915 in Stonava, Austrian Silesia – 5 June 1989 in Havířov, Czechoslovakia) was a Polish Lutheran Evangelical pastor, one of the most significant Christian leaders in Czechoslovakia during the Communist era. He was leader of revivalist movement in Cieszyn Silesia and because of it he was persecuted (but never jailed).

Havířov
Havířov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦaviːr̝of] ⓘ) is a city in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 69,000 inhabitants, making it the second largest city in the region. Havířov was founded in 1955 and is the youngest Czech city. It is an industrial city, historically associated with hard coal mining in the region.
SS J. H. G. Hagarty
The J.H.G. Hagarty was a 550-foot (170 m) Canadian Great Lakes freighter that served from her launching in 1914 to her scrapping in 1968. The Hagarty was used to haul bulk cargoes such as iron ore, coal, grain and occasionally limestone. She had a length of 550-feet, a beam of 58-feet and a height of 31-feet. She was powered by a 2,400 horsepower triple expansion steam engine and fueled by two coal-fired Scotch marine boilers.

Collingwood, Ontario
Collingwood is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is situated on Nottawasaga Bay at the southern point of Georgian Bay. Collingwood is well known as a tourist destination, for its skiing in the winter, and limestone caves along the Niagara Escarpment in the summer.
Titus Vettius Scato
Titus Vettius Scato (also Cato) was an Italian commander, general of the Marsi during the Social War. At the Battle of the Tolenus River (11 June 90 BC), Scato and the Marsi defeated the Roman consul, Publius Rutilius Lupus while the Romans were crossing the River Tolenus, routing them with heavy losses (8,000 Romans killed, including the Consul) . Unfortunately for Scato, Rutilius's senior legate, Gaius Marius, and his division were operating separately from Rutilius and crossed the river downstream of the battle, attacking the undefended Marsi. He defeated Lucius Julius Caesar in battle before marching on and capturing Aesernia. When he encountered an army under Pompey Strabo, instead of fighting, the two met, their armies treating each other without hatred. According to Seneca, he was captured by the Romans but was stabbed to death by his slave rather than face the ignominy of defeat.

Legate (ancient Rome)
A legate (Latin: legatus, Classical Latin: [ɫeːˈɡaːtʊs]) was a high-ranking military officer in the Roman army, equivalent to a modern-era general officer. Initially used to delegate power, the term became formalised under Augustus as the officer in command of a Roman legion.

From the times of the Roman Republic, legates received large shares of the military's rewards at the end of a successful campaign. This made the position a lucrative one, so it could often attract even distinguished consuls or other high-ranking political figures within Roman politics (e.g., the consul Lucius Julius Caesar volunteered late in the Gallic Wars as a legate under his first cousin, Gaius Julius Caesar).

Diplomats and envoys sent by Rome were also given the title of legate.
Tzav
Tzav, Tsav, Zav, Sav, or Ṣaw (צַו‎—Hebrew for "command," the sixth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 25th weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Leviticus. The parashah teaches how the priests performed the sacrifices and describes the ordination of Aaron and his sons. The parashah constitutes Leviticus 6:1–8:36. The parashah is made up of 5,096 Hebrew letters, 1,353 Hebrew words, 97 verses, and 170 lines in a Torah scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה‎, Sefer Torah). Jews read it the 24th or 25th Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in the second half of March or the first half of April.

Kohen
Kohen (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן, romanized: kōhēn, pronounced [koˈ(h)en]; pl. כֹּהֲנִים, kōhănīm, [ko(h)aˈnim]) is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. They are traditionally believed, and halakhically required, to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also Aharon), brother of Moses, and thus belong to the Tribe of Levi.

During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem (and previously the Tabernacle), kohanim performed the Temple sacrificial offerings, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following its destruction, it seems that most of them joined the Synagogal Jewish movement before adopting gradually Rabbinic Judaism, other types of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Today, kohanim retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism, including certain honors and restrictions.

In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders.
Agenesis
In medicine, agenesis (/eɪˈdʒɛnəsəs/) refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development due to the absence of primordial tissue. Many forms of agenesis are referred to by individual names, depending on the organ affected:

Agenesis of the corpus callosum - failure of the Corpus callosum to develop

Renal agenesis - failure of one or both of the kidneys to develop

Amelia - failure of the arms or legs to develop

Penile agenesis - failure of penis to develop

Müllerian agenesis - failure of the uterus and part of the vagina to develop

Agenesis of the gallbladder - failure of the Gallbladder to develop. A person may not realize they have this condition unless they undergo surgery or medical imaging, since the gallbladder is neither externally visible nor essential.

Amelia (birth defect)
Amelia is the birth defect of lacking one or more limbs. The term may be modified to indicate the number of legs or arms missing at birth, such as tetra-amelia for the absence of all four limbs. The term is from Ancient Greek  ἀ- 'lack of' and  μέλος 'limb'.
Fort Sumner (Maine)
Fort Sumner was a coastal defense fortification on Munjoy Hill in Portland, Maine, United States. It was built in 1794 as part of the first system of coastal fortifications built by the United States. It was reportedly originally named Fort Allen after the nearby Revolutionary War battery that probably became part of Fort Sumner, but was renamed in 1797 after Increase Sumner, the incumbent Governor of Massachusetts, of which Maine was then a part. The location is now Fort Sumner Park (or Standpipe Park).

Increase Sumner
Increase Sumner (November 27, 1746 – June 7, 1799) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician from Massachusetts. He was the fifth governor of Massachusetts, serving from 1797 to 1799. Trained as a lawyer, he served in the provisional government of Massachusetts during the American Revolutionary War, and was elected to the Confederation Congress in 1782. Appointed to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court the same year, he served there as an associate justice until 1797.

He was elected governor of Massachusetts three times by wide margins, but died shortly after the start of his third term. His descendants include his son William H. Sumner, for whom the Sumner Tunnel in Boston, Massachusetts, is named, and 20th-century diplomats Sumner Welles and Sumner Gerard.
Donut County
Donut County is a puzzle video game developed by American designer Ben Esposito and published by Annapurna Interactive in 2018. The player moves a hole to swallow objects, which makes the hole increase in size. The concept originated in a game jam based on pitches from a Twitter account parody of game designer Peter Molyneux and later added a mechanic similar to that of Katamari Damacy. Other inspirations for the game included Hopi figurines—a theme Esposito later relinquished—and locations from Bruce Springsteen songs. Donut County was released in August 2018 for iOS, macOS, PlayStation 4, and Microsoft Windows platforms, while versions for Xbox One and Nintendo Switch were released in December 2018. It was also released for Android in December 2020.

Polygon (website)
Polygon is an American entertainment website created by Vox Media covering video games, movies, television, comics, and other popular culture. At its October 2012 launch as Vox Media's third property, Polygon sought to distinguish itself by focusing on the stories of the people behind video games and long-form magazine-style feature articles.

The site was built over the course of ten months by eight co-founding editors which included the editors-in-chief of the gaming sites Joystiq, Kotaku and The Escapist. Vox Media produced a documentary series on the founding of the site. In May 2025, Polygon was sold to Valnet.
Tun Ali of Malacca
Bendahara Sri Nara Diraja Tun Ali was a Tamil Muslim and the fourth bendahara of the Malacca Sultanate. He was the penghulu bendahari of Malacca before becoming bendahara. He allegedly conspired to assassinate the sultan of Malacca, Raja Sri Parameswara Dewa Shah. According to other sources, Tun Ali and his nephew, Raja Kassim was conspiring to murder Raja Rokan who was disliked by palace officials. It was said that during the attack, Raja Rokan who was with Sri Parameswara stabbed the king in retaliation to an attacker stabbing Raja Rokan. Tun Ali and Raja Kassim was unable to save the king. Tun Ali then installed Raja Kassim as the monarch of Malacca who took the title Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Tun Ali stepped down in 1446 upon the advice of Sultan Muzaffar in favour of Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak.

Bendahara
A bendahara (Jawi: بندهار‎) was an important administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier prior to the European colonisation of Southeast Asia during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post with candidates selected from the male descendants of the bendahara. The bendahara and the sultan often shared the same lineage, and the former could at times be more powerful than the sultan.
Arbaş
Arbaş (Tatar: Арбаш, romanized: Arbaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Baltaç District, Tatarstan. The population was 414 as of 2010.
Arbaş is located 9 km from Baltaç, district's administrative centre, and 107 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 16th or 17th century.
There are 5 streets in the village.

Baltasinsky District
Baltasinsky District (Russian: Балтаси́нский райо́н; Tatar: Балтач районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located in the north of the republic and occupies an area of 1,094.5 square kilometers (422.6 sq mi). According to the 2010 census, the municipality had a population of 33,879 people. 
Its administrative center — an urban-type settlement of Baltasi — accounts for 22.8% of the district's total population.

The current district was first established in 1930 as an administrative entity of the Tatar ASSR. In 1963 the district's territory was annexed to the Arsky district but was reestablished two years later with its administrative center in the settlement of Baltasi.

In 2019, an industrial park “Baltach” was built in the district for companies engaged in production of halal goods.
World Cricket Tsunami Appeal
The World Cricket Tsunami Appeal was an effort by the International Cricket Council to raise funds to support the humanitarian relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004. It was scheduled to be held over two games but was reduced to one due to an over-crowded international playing schedule and concerns for players' health playing in the April heat in Kolkata. The match was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 10 January 2005.

The tsunami affected several leading cricketing nations. India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh were the affected Test match playing nations, as were Malaysia, Thailand, the Maldives and Indonesia among the other associate & affiliate members of the ICC.

Malaysia national cricket team
The Malaysia national cricket team represents Malaysia in international cricket matches. The team is organised by the Malaysian Cricket Association which has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1967.

During the British colonial period, the Federated Malay States, Straits Settlements and Malaya cricket teams played regularly in Interport matches and against other visiting teams. Following Malaysian independence, the team's most frequent opponent has been Singapore in the Saudara Cup and Stan Nagaiah Trophy. Malaysia made its debut in ICC tournaments in the inaugural 1979 ICC Trophy, making regular appearances until ICC pathways were altered in the 2000s and hosting the 1997 ICC Trophy. Malaysia has regularly hosted Asian Cricket Council (ACC) tournaments and finished runner-up in the 1998 ACC Trophy. In the World Cricket League the team reached as high as Division Three, subsequently being placed in the ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.
Hypericum tetrapterum
Hypericum tetrapterum (syn. H. quadrangulum) is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae. Its common names include St. Peter's wort, Peterwort, square stemmed St. John's wort, and square stalked St. John's wort.

Hypericaceae
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. Hypericum and Triadenum occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical.
Neeraj Gupta
Neeraj Gupta (born 1969) is an Indian sculptor. In 2017 Gupta became the first Indian artist to win Florence Biennale Award, taking second prize in the sculpture section. In 2004 he won the Sahitya Kala Parishad award.

He is founder and president of the Delhi Art Society. He is a member of the Royal Society of Sculptors, United Kingdom.

Royal Society of Sculptors
The Royal Society of Sculptors (RSS) is a British charity established in 1905, which promotes excellence in the art and practice of sculpture. Its headquarters are a centre for contemporary sculpture on Old Brompton Road in South Kensington, London. It is the oldest and largest organisation dedicated to sculpture in the UK. Until 2017, it was known as the Royal British Society of Sculptors.

The Royal Society of Sculptors is a registered charity with a selective membership of around 700 professional sculptors. It aims to inspire, inform and engage people of all ages and backgrounds with sculpture, and to support sculptors' development of their practice to the highest professional standards.
Electronic Theatre Controls
Electronic Theatre Controls (ETC) is a manufacturer of live event technology based in Middleton, Wisconsin. Starting in the entertainment industry with a custom lighting control console in 1975, ETC has since expanded into power controls, rigging, luminaires, architectural and commercial installations, and horticulture lighting. They are known for lighting performance venues, museums, building exteriors, stadiums, and houses of worship. ETC has won awards for its products, innovation, and company culture, including awards from Live Design and the Professional Lighting and Sound Association. They are known for their various lines of lighting fixtures, Eos lighting controllers, and Paradigm architectural control systems.

Architectural lighting design
Architectural lighting design is a field of work or study that is concerned with the design of lighting systems within the built environment, both interior and exterior.  It can include manipulation and design of both daylight and electric light or both, to serve human needs.
Lighting design is based in both science and the visual arts.  The basic aim of lighting within the built environment is to enable occupants to see clearly and without discomfort. The objective of architectural lighting design is to balance the art and the science of lighting to create mood, visual interest and enhance the experience of a space or place whilst still meeting the technical and safety requirements.
Backroad Nation
Backroad Nation is the fifteenth studio album by Australian country singer Lee Kernaghan. It was released digitally and physically in Australia on 10 May 2019 through ABC Music/Universal Music Australia. The album peaked at number 3 on the ARIA Charts.

Kernaghan describes the album as "a celebration of us, our way of life and the people who make our country great. Much of the inspiration for the songs has come from the people I've met and the places I've travelled to from Alice Springs to the Deni Ute Muster, from the mighty Pilbara region in WA to backroads QLD and everywhere in between."

At the Country Music Awards of Australia of 2020, the album won Top Selling Album of the Year. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2019, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album. At the AIR Awards of 2020, the album was nominated for Best Independent Country Album.

Universal Music Australia
Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd. (UMA) is the largest Australian music corporation. It is a division of the Universal Music Group. Universal Music Australia's corporate headquarters are located in Sydney, Australia.
Problem of pain
Problem of pain can mean:

the problem of evil, the central concern of theodicy

The Problem of Pain, a book about that topic by C. S. Lewis

The Problem of Pain, a science fiction novella by Poul Anderson from 1973

The Problem of Pain
The Problem of Pain is a 1940 book on the problem of evil by C. S. Lewis, in which Lewis argues that human pain, animal pain, and hell are not sufficient reasons to reject belief in a good and powerful God.

Lewis states that his writing is "not primarily arguing the truth of Christianity but describing its origin – a task ... necessary if we are to put the problem of pain in its right setting". He begins by addressing the flaws in common arguments against the belief in a just, loving, and all-powerful God such as: "If God were good, He would make His creatures perfectly happy, and if He were almighty He would be able to do what he wished. But the creatures are not happy. Therefore God lacks either goodness, or power, or both." Topics include human suffering and sinfulness, animal suffering, and the problem of hell, and seeks to reconcile these with an omnipotent force beyond ourselves.
Maxine Case
Maxine Case (born January 17, 1976, in Cape Town) is a South African novelist, and short story writer.
Her debut novel, All We Have Left Unsaid, (Kwela Books, 2006) won the 2007 Commonwealth Writers’ Prize for Best First Book, Africa Region and was the joint winner of the Herman Charles Bosman Prize 2007.

She was a 2009 International Writing Program fellow at the University of Iowa and a writer in residence at the City of Asylum/Pittsburgh from November 2009 to February 2010.

Commonwealth Foundation prizes
Commonwealth Foundation has presented a number of prizes since 1987. The main award was called the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and was composed of two prizes: the Best Book Prize (overall and regional) was awarded from 1987 to 2011; the Best First Book prize was awarded from 1989 to 2011. In addition the Commonwealth Short Story Competition was awarded from 1996 to 2011.

Beginning in 2012, Commonwealth Foundation discontinued its previous awards and created a new cultural initiative called Commonwealth Writers, which offered two new awards: the Commonwealth Book Prize for the best first book, in which regional winners received £2,500 and the overall winner received £10,000; and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for the best short stories, in which regional winners received £1,000 and the overall winner received £5,000. After two years, the Book Prize was discontinued. The Short Story Prize remains the sole award from Commonwealth Writers.
David Douglas Cunningham
David Douglas Cunningham CIE FRS FZS FLS (29 September 1843 – 31 December 1914) was a Scottish medical doctor and researcher who worked extensively in India on various aspects of public health and medicine. He studied the spread of bacteria and the spores of fungi through the air and conducted research on cholera. In his spare time he also studied the local plants and animals.

Zoological Society of London
The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity and organization devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. It was founded in 1826. Since 1828, it has maintained London Zoo, and since 1931 Whipsnade Zoo.
Acústico MTV: O Rappa
Acústico MTV (English: MTV Unplugged) is the sixth album by Brazilian band O Rappa and their second live album. It was produced by Carlos Eduardo Miranda. It was released in 2005 through Warner Music.
It was recorded in May 2005 in São Paulo, and the crowd was made up of only friends of the band and members of the official fan club.

Electric organ
An electric organ, also known as electronic organ, is an electronic keyboard instrument which was derived from the harmonium, pipe organ and theatre organ. Originally designed to imitate their sound, or orchestral sounds, it has since developed into several types of instruments:

Hammond-style organs used in many styles of popular music including Pop, Rock, Country, Blues, Gospel and Jazz;

digital church organs, which imitate pipe organs and are used primarily in churches;

other types including combo organs, home organs, and software organs.
Chung Cheng Aviation Museum
The Chung Cheng Aviation Museum (Chinese: 中正航空科學館; pinyin: Zhōngzhèng Hángkōng Kēxuéguǎn) was an aviation museum located at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Dayuan Township, Taoyuan County (now Dayuan District, Taoyuan City), Taiwan. The museum closed on March 31, 2014, to allow for planned construction of Terminal 3 at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and for relocation of taxiway WC. Items displayed at the museum have been sent to storage and all 18 aircraft on display were relocated Taoyuan Naval Base during the second half of 2014.

The museum was located in the southeastern area of the airport between the main freeway entrance and the airport terminals. It was built in 1981 by Boeing under a Civil Aeronautics Administration contract.

Many retired Republic of China Air Force fighters were represented in the museum.

Dayuan District
Dayuan District (Chinese: 大園區; pinyin: Dàyuán Qū; Taiwanese: Tuā-hn̂g-khu), formerly known as Dayuan Township (Chinese: 大園鄕; pinyin: Dàyuán Xiāng; Taiwanese: Tuā-hn̂g-hiong) is a coastal district in northwestern Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
301st Heavy Tank Battalion (United States)
The 301st Heavy Tank Battalion of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a Heavy Tank unit during World War I. Of the eight heavy battalions (the 301st to 308th) raised, only the 301st saw combat. The 301st was reorganized post-war into the 66th Infantry Regiment (Light Tanks), later to become the 66th Armor Regiment, the oldest armored regiment in the United States Army.

American Expeditionary Forces
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont, France under the command of then-major general John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, British Indian Army, New Zealand Army and Australian Army units against the Imperial German Army. A small number of AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in 1918 against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.