hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Josiah Burr Plumb
Josiah Burr Plumb (25 March 1816 – 12 March 1888) was an American-born Canadian businessman and parliamentarian.

Born in East Haven, Connecticut, Plumb immigrated to Canada in 1865 and settled near Niagara Falls, Ontario.

Soon thereafter he became active in the Conservative Party of Canada.  He was elected three times as a member of parliament for Niagara in the House of Commons of Canada. He was first elected in the Canadian federal election of 1874, but this result was voided, although he successfully defended the seat in a by-election held on 22 December 1874. Although defeated in the 1878 election, he regained his seat in a contested election in 1879.

Following a defeat in 1882 election, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada on 8 February 1883 on the recommendation of Sir John A. Macdonald. He served as Speaker of the Senate from 4 April 1887 – 12 March 1888, upon his death.

Niagara (federal electoral district)
Niagara was a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, which was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1883. It is sometimes also considered one of Ontario's historic counties, as it was listed in some post-Confederation census records as a county of residence.

Niagara consisted of the Lincoln County townships of Niagara and Grantham, including the towns of Niagara-on-the-Lake and St. Catharines.

The electoral district was abolished in 1882 when it was merged into Lincoln and Niagara riding.
Hamilton Psalter
The Hamilton Psalter (Breviario Greco, with illuminations, 4to MS on velum [Ham. 119]) is an illustrated manuscript that consists of Psalms 1-150 and twelve canonical Odes. It is most notable among Byzantine manuscripts due to being one of the few surviving bilingual manuscripts from the Byzantine era, written primarily in Greek and Latin. There’s no sole author of the manuscript but it’s in fact a compilation of multiple scribes' writing.
Its name is derived from being a part of the Hamilton Collection, arranged to be purchased from Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton in 1882 by Wilhelm von Bode and Karl Friedrich Lippmann for the Royal Library in Berlin. It is currently housed within the Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Kupferstichkabinett Berlin.

Wilhelm von Bode
Wilhelm von Bode (10 December 1845 – 1 March 1929) was a German art historian and museum curator.  Born Arnold Wilhelm Bode in Calvörde, and known as Wilhelm Bode for most of his career, he was ennobled in 1913, and thereafter adopted the aristocratic "von". He was the creator and first curator of the Kaiser Friedrich Museum, now called the Bode Museum in his honor, in 1904.

He wrote a number of books, many large and authoritative studies of the art of the Italian Renaissance and the Dutch and Flemish Baroque, but also other subjects.
TD Terrace
TD Terrace is a commercial skyscraper near the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located at northeast corner of the intersection of Front Street and Simcoe Street, TD Terrace is an office space for and a branch of Toronto-Dominion Bank. The building also includes offices of the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.

The 236.5-metre (776 ft) tall skyscraper is owned and was developed by Cadillac Fairview and designed by Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture. It is one of the tallest buildings in Canada.

TD Terrace opened in 2024.

Front Street (Toronto)
Front Street is an east–west road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. First laid out in 1796, the street is one of the original streets of the Town of York. The street was laid out along the shoreline of Lake Ontario as it existed during that time. It remains an important street with many important landmarks, including the St. Lawrence Market, Meridian Hall, Union Station, and the Metro Toronto Convention Centre. The eastern section of Front Street, in the West Don Lands, east of Cherry Street, is being rebuilt as a broad tree-lined boulevard, intended to be the pedestrian-friendly commercial spine of the new neighbourhood.
Linnebach lantern
A Linnebach lantern or Linnebach projector is a lensless projection system used in theatrical productions. It was developed by (and named after) Adolf Linnebach (1876-1963) around 1917 and was used in North American theatres in the 1920s.  Since the middle of the 20th century, it has largely been replaced by other projection technologies.

The lantern consists of a long case that is painted black on the inside. The case contains a high-powered concentrated lamp (such as an arc lamp). One side of the case is a transparent slide with the image that is to be projected. Projection is often done from behind onto a translucent material. A system of lenses can optionally be used to prevent distortion of the projected image. The projector is used for background scenery such as clouds, hills, or city skylines.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
University of Jammu
The University of Jammu informally known as Jammu University (JU), accredited as A++ grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), was established in 1969 by an act of the state legislature which effectively split the Jammu and Kashmir University into the separate University of Jammu and University of Kashmir.

The university is currently located at the foothills of Trikuta on the banks of the Tawi River. The university has set up seven off-site campuses at Bhaderwah, Kishtwar, Poonch, Reasi, Ramnagar, Kathua and Udhampur. The university is the first university in India to receive the ISO-9001 certification. The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs. It also affiliates and recognizes colleges.

Kathua
Kathua is a city and municipal council of the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. The city is the headquarters of Kathua district and is divided into 27 wards which constitute the Kathua Municipal Council. It is situated along NH-44. The city has a bustling industrial area and an army cantonment adjoining it. Being a transit hub for industrial activity in the state, the city has a large industrial base with a textile park, biotechnology and pharma industrial and research park, cement industry, and many medium-scale MSMEs.
Function (musician)
David Charles Sumner (born 1 December 1973), who records as Function, is an American techno DJ and producer.

Born in the Canarsie area of Brooklyn in New York City Sumner's early musical interests included Kraftwerk, Afrika Bambaataa, Man Parrish, John Robie and Arthur Baker, The Human League, New Order and Depeche Mode. and released his first record in 1996, producing work on the Synewave label and becoming the only non-Birmingham Dj to release work on the Downwards Records label.

In 2004 Sumner joined Regis's Sandwell District collective.

Man Parrish
Manuel Parrish (born May 6, 1958) is an American songwriter, vocalist and producer. He, along with artists such as Yellow Magic Orchestra, Kraftwerk, Art of Noise, Arthur Baker, Afrika Bambaataa, John Robie, Jellybean Benitez, Lotti Golden, Richard Scher and Aldo Marin, helped create and define electro in the early 1980s.
President of the Supreme Court
President of the Supreme Court of Spain

President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

President of the Supreme Court of Albania

President of the Supreme People's Court of China

Chief Justice of the United States

President of the Supreme People's Court
The president of the Supreme People's Court is the head of the Supreme People's Court and is the highest-ranking official in the judiciary of China. The office is also legally titled the Chief Justice of the People's Republic of China.

Under the current constitution, the president of the SPC is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the National People's Congress (NPC), the legislature. The incumbent president of the Supreme People's Court is Zhang Jun, who took office on 11 March 2023.
Regional Government of Madre de Dios
The Regional Government of Madre de Dios (Spanish: Gobierno Regional de Madre de Dios; GORE Madre de Dios) is the regional government that represents the Department of Madre de Dios. It is the body with legal identity in public law and its own assets, which is in charge of the administration of provinces of the department in Peru. Its purpose is the social, cultural and economic development of its constituency. It is based in the city of Puerto Maldonado.

Puerto Maldonado
Puerto Maldonado (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpweɾto maldoˈnaðo] ⓘ) is a city in southeastern Peru in the Amazon rainforest 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Bolivian border, located at the confluence of the Tambopata and Madre de Dios rivers. The latter river joins the Madeira River as a tributary of the Amazon. This city is the capital of the Department of Madre de Dios.

Nearby are the Manu National Park, Tambopata National Reserve, and Bahuaja-Sonene National Park, which have been established to protect natural resources. These are some of the most pristine primary rain forests in the world. They include several oxbow lakes and clay licks, where hundreds of birds, including macaws, feed on clay. Among the indigenous peoples in this area are the Machiguenga.
Har du glemt
"Har du glemt" (English: Have you forgotten) is a song performed by Danish pop, dance and R&B singer and songwriter Medina. It was released on 29 October 2012 as a digital download in Denmark. The song was released as the first single of the re-release of For altid. The song peaked at number 4 on the Danish Singles Chart.

Hitlisten
Hitlisten (lit. 'the hit list'), formerly known as Tracklisten, is a Danish top 40 record chart that is updated every Wednesday at 00:01 on the website hitlisten.nu. The weekly Danish singles chart combines the 40 best-selling tracks from streaming and legal music downloads. The Danish albums chart combines downloads, streaming and also sales of CDs. There is a separate vinyl chart. The data are collected by M&I Service, who also compile the chart on behalf of IFPI Danmark, the local branch of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.
Dave Harding
David Harding (born 14 August 1946) is an Australian former football (soccer) midfielder. He played for Wrexham from 1965 to 1966, New Brighton in the Cheshire League from 1967-1968, and then South Liverpool in the Northern Premier League, before moving to Australia, where he played for Pan Hellenic, Western Suburbs, Blacktown City, and APIA until 1981. During this time, he won NSW representative honours in 1974 against Bristol Rovers.

Harding was a member of the Australian 1974 FIFA World Cup squad in West Germany and represented Australia 45 times between 1974 and 1977, scoring 11 times.

Blacktown City Council
Blacktown City Council is a local government area in Western Sydney, situated on the Cumberland Plain, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1906 as the Blacktown Shire and becoming the Municipality of Blacktown in 1961 before gaining city status in 1979, the City occupies an area of 246.9 square kilometres (95.3 sq mi) and has a population of 410,419, making it the most populous local government area in Sydney. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The Mayor of Blacktown City Council is Councillor Brad Bunting following the death of then-mayor Tony Bleasdale OAM, a member of the Australian Labor Party who died 3 May 2024.
McGee graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the McGee graph or the (3-7)-cage is a 3-regular graph with 24 vertices and 36 edges.

The McGee graph is the unique (3,7)-cage (the smallest cubic graph of girth 7). It is also the smallest cubic cage that is not a Moore graph.

First discovered by Sachs but unpublished, the graph is named after McGee who published the result in 1960. Then, the McGee graph was proven the unique (3,7)-cage by Tutte in 1966.

The McGee graph requires at least eight crossings in any drawing of it in the plane. It is one of three non-isomorphic graphs tied for being the smallest cubic graph that requires eight crossings. Another of these three graphs is the generalized Petersen graph G(12,5), also known as the Nauru graph.

The McGee graph has radius 4, diameter 4, chromatic number 3 and chromatic index 3. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and a 3-edge-connected graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.
The graph is 1-planar.

Edge connectivity
In graph theory, a connected graph is k-edge-connected if it remains connected whenever fewer than k edges are removed.

The edge-connectivity of a graph is the largest k for which the graph is k-edge-connected.

Edge connectivity and the enumeration of k-edge-connected graphs was studied by Camille Jordan in 1869.
The Low Country Soldier
The Low Country Soldier is an English broadside ballad dating back to the late 17th- or early 18th-centuries about a soldier who returns to England as a poor beggar. After pleading with various people to give him money, he decides to forgo the life of a beggar and becomes a highwayman. Copies of the broadside can be found at the British Library, the National Library of Scotland, the University of Glasgow Library and Magdalene College, Cambridge.

Highwayman
A highwayman was a robber who stole from travellers. This type of thief usually travelled and robbed by horse as compared to a footpad who travelled and robbed on foot; mounted highwaymen were widely considered to be socially superior to footpads. Such criminals operated until the mid- or late 19th century. Highwaywomen, such as Katherine Ferrers, were said to also exist, often dressing as men, especially in fiction.

The first attestation of the word highwayman is from 1617. Euphemisms such as "knights of the road" and "gentlemen of the road" were sometimes used by people interested in romanticizing them with a Robin Hood–esque slant. In the 19th-century American West, highwaymen were sometimes known as road agents. In Australia, they were known as bushrangers.
Radabad
Radabad (Persian: رعداباد, also Romanized as Ra‘dābād) is a village in Garizat Rural District, Nir District, Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 135, in 34 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Nomura Art Museum
Nomura Art Museum (野村美術館, Nomura Bijutsukan) opened near Nanzen-ji in Kyoto, Japan, in 1984. The sukiya-style building has two rooms for displaying exhibits and there is also a chashitsu. The collection, based on that built up by financier Tokushichi Nomura II, comprises some 1,700 works (paintings, calligraphic works, Noh masks, Noh costumes, and tea utensils), including seven Important Cultural Properties and nine Important Art Objects.

Nanzen-ji
Nanzen-ji (南禅寺; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜn.dzeɲ.dʑi]), or Zuiryusan Nanzen-ji, formerly Zenrin-ji (禅林寺, Zenrin-ji), is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan. Emperor Kameyama established it in 1291 on the site of his previous detached palace. It is also the headquarters of the Nanzen-ji branch of Rinzai Zen. The precincts of Nanzen-ji are a nationally designated Historic Site and the Hōjō gardens a Place of Scenic Beauty. The temple was destroyed in a fire in 1895 and rebuilt in 1909.
Absalom Greeley
Absalom Greeley (April 18, 1823 – October 28, 1885) was the Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Prince Edward in the 1st Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1870. Greeley ran on the political platform of the Reform movement; however he was thought to be a Yankee Tory; a conservative with American origins in the American Whig Party. He is also supportive of the Family Compact which is not consistent with a Reform platform.

Reform movement (Upper Canada)
The Reform movement in Upper Canada was a political movement in British North America in the mid-19th century.

It started as a rudimentary grouping of loose coalitions that formed around contentious issues. Support was gained in Parliament through petitions meant to sway MPs. However, organized Reform activity emerged in the 1830s when Reformers, like Robert Randal, Jesse Ketchum, Peter Perry, Marshall Spring Bidwell, and William Warren Baldwin, began to emulate the organizational forms of the British Reform Movement and organized Political Unions under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie. The British Political Unions had successfully petitioned for the Great Reform Act 1832 that eliminated much political corruption in the British parliamentary system. Those who adopted these new forms of public mobilization for democratic reform in Upper Canada were inspired by the more radical Owenite Socialists who led the British Chartist and Mechanics Institute movements.
Calcium morphenate
Calcium morphenate is a calcium salt of morphine which is produced by using calcium bases to raise the pH of an aqueous solution of opium alkaloids to around 9.0. This was a method used in pharmaceutical manufacturing to separate morphine from other alkaloids and inert materials from the opium solution. Variations on this route are still used in Afghanistan. When poppy straw concentrate or opium latex is dissolved in hot water and the calcium base is added, calcium morphenate is formed.  Treatment with a weak acid such as ammonium chloride then causes morphine freebase to precipitate, leaving codeine and other alkaloids of the plant in solution.

Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant.

The liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the supernate or supernatant.
James C. Cooney
James C. Cooney was a sergeant of the U.S. Army in the 8th U.S. Cavalry when he found large silver and gold reserves in the Mogollon Mountains of Catron County, New Mexico. He was transferred to Fort Bayard, near Silver City, New Mexico in 1870. While scouting for the 8th U.S. Cavalry north of Mogollon and east of Alma, he discovered silver ore in the Mogollon Mountains. He began working the claim after leaving the Army in 1876.

During a raid on settlers' homes in the Alma Massacre in 1880, Cooney was killed by local Chiricahua Apache led by Victorio.

Mogollon Mountains
The Mogollon Mountains or Mogollon Range (/mʌɡɪˈjoʊn/ or /moʊɡəˈjoʊn/) are a mountain range in Grant County and Catron County of southwestern New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States. They are primarily protected within the Gila National Forest.
The Mud Soldier
The Mud Soldier was an artwork by Damian and Killian Van Der Velden (Grofweg Architecten) displayed in Trafalgar Square. It was commissioned to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Passchendaele.

The sculpture, depicting a First World War soldier seated on a bedroll, was constructed from sand and mud taken from Flanders Fields. Situated in the open air, it was intended to disintegrate over the five days that it was on show. The location was chosen due to the proximity of the homes of two servicemen who had received the Victoria Cross for their actions at Passchendaele.

Flanders Fields
Flanders Fields (Dutch: Vlanderens Velden; French: Les Champs de Flandre) is a common English name of the World War I battlefields in an area straddling the Belgian provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders as well as the French department of Nord, part of which makes up the area known as French Flanders.
Mike West (rapper)
Mike West, born Michael Quentin West (born November 22, 1978),  is an American songwriter, rapper, producer, promoter and Recording Academy voting member from South Florida. West has been active in the Fort Lauderdale, Broward County and Miami hip-hop scenes since the 1990s. He has collaborated with Uncle Luke, Pitbull, Jason Derulo, 2 Live Crew, Daz Dillinger, Mopreme Shakur, Amil, members of Thug Life and  Outlawz, and numerous producers; is the founder of two independent record labels, HangTime Entertainment and Big Fro Music Group; and has released more than a dozen albums, mixtapes and singles, and appeared on hip-hop compilations and soundtracks.

South Florida
South Florida, sometimes colloquially shortened to SoFlo, is the southernmost region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is one of Florida's three most commonly referred to directional regions; the two others are Central Florida and North Florida. South Florida is the southernmost part of the continental United States and the only region of the continental U.S. that includes some areas with a tropical climate.

South Florida is dominated by the Miami metropolitan area and the Everglades. It also contains the Florida Keys; three U.S. national parks: Biscayne, Dry Tortugas, and Everglades; and multiple cities.
Ding Roman
Leonardo "Ding" Banzon Roman (born July 9, 1946) is a Filipino politician who was the governor of the province of Bataan. He served the province as its governor for seventeen years from 1986 to 2004, having won a total of four gubernatorial elections following his appointment as officer-in-charge of Bataan during the Presidency of Corazon Aquino.

Dinalupihan
Dinalupihan, officially the Municipality of Dinalupihan (Tagalog: Bayan ng Dinalupihan; Kapampangan: Balen ning Dinalupihan; Ilocano: Ili ti Dinalupihan), is a  municipality in the province of Bataan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 124,188 people.
Mabelle Biggart
Mabelle Biggart (February 22, 1861 – ?) was an American educator, dramatic reader, preacher, and writer. She was instrumental in starting the Polytechnic Institute and Woman's Athletic Club of Denver, intended to help women to gain health, strength, and beauty. She gave exercises illustrating the Delsarte System, and took part in a number of Chautauqua engagements. Biggart was in charge of a "Polytechnic Department" in the Denver NewsLetter, devoting the space to physical culture, science, and literature. She also wrote articles for various other publications.

François Delsarte
François Alexandre Nicolas Chéri Delsarte (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa alɛksɑ̃dʁ nikɔla ʃeʁi dɛlsaʁt]; 19 November 1811 – 20 July 1871) was a French singer, orator, and coach. Though he achieved some success as a composer, he is chiefly known as a teacher in singing and declamation (oratory).