hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biedermann
Biedermann is German for an honourable, upright man. Notable people with this surname include:

Christoph Biedermann (born 1987), Liechtenstein footballer

Edwin Biedermann (1877–1929), British real tennis player

Friedrich Karl Biedermann (1812–1901), German political philosopher

Gisela Biedermann (born 1948), Liechtensteiner physician and politician

Harry Biedermann (1887–1917), first-class cricketer

Jeanette Biedermann (born 1980), German singer, actress and television personality

Johann Jakob Biedermann (1763–1830), Swiss painter and etcher

Julia Biedermann (born 1967), German television actress

Karl Biedermann (1890–1945), Austrian military officer

Kyle Biedermann, American politician

Manfred Biedermann (1952–2017), Liechtenstein teacher and politician

Marc Biedermann, American musician for heavy metal band Blind Illusion

Paul Biedermann (born 1986), German swimmer

Jacob Jizchak Biderman (born 1957), Israeli rabbi, the chief Chabad emissary in Vienna, Austria

Paul Biedermann
Paul Biedermann (German pronunciation: [paʊ̯l ˈbiːdɐˌman] ⓘ; born 7 August 1986) is a German retired competitive swimmer, a 200 and 400 metre freestyle long course world champion. He holds the long course world record in the 200 meters freestyle, and formerly held world records in the long course 400 meters and the short course world records in the 200 and 400 meters freestyle.
Crawford House (Crawford Notch, New Hampshire)
Crawford House was a grand hotel in Crawford Notch, New Hampshire, United States. The original hotel was built in 1850 and destroyed by fire in 1859. It was replaced by a second Crawford House resort that was the largest hotel in the White Mountains at the time. It was further expanded over time to accommodate 400 guests. The hotel featured wide porches and views of Crawford Notch. It eventually fell into disrepair and then closed in 1975. The hotel building was destroyed by fire in November 1977.

The property that Crawford House stood on was later acquired by the Appalachian Mountain Club, which built the extant Highland Center there. The neighboring Crawford Depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Appalachian Mountain Club
The Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) is the oldest outdoor group in the United States. Created in Boston in 1876 to explore and conserve New Hampshire's White Mountains, it has expanded throughout the Northeastern United States with 12 chapters stretching from Maine to the District of Colombia. While the AMC no longer publishes their membership numbers, in 2024 they reported 65,729 people connected to the outdoors through a mix of outdoor recreation, particularly hiking and backpacking, with a focus on environmental activism. Additional activities include cross-country skiing, whitewater and flatwater canoeing and kayaking, sea kayaking, sailing, rock climbing and bicycle riding.  The Club has about 2,700 volunteers, who lead roughly 7,000 trips and activities per year. The organization publishes a number of books, guides, and trail maps.
Ministerial reform in the Russian Empire
Ministerial Reform was one of the reforms of public administration of the Russian Empire, carried out at the beginning of the 19th century under Emperor Alexander I. The first stage of the reform occurred in 1802–1803, the second stage was carried out in 1810–1811. As a result of the reform, the ministries replaced the archaic collegiums.

State Council (Russian Empire)
The State Council (Russian: Госуда́рственный сове́т, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy sovet, IPA: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj sɐˈvʲet]) was the supreme state advisory body to the tsar in the Russian Empire. From 1906, it was the upper house of the parliament under the Russian Constitution of 1906.
Rugby at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
The Rugby competition at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games was a two-day tournament featuring eight national sevens teams representing countries in that region.

Although the Games were being hosted by Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, the sevens tournament was held in Guyana at Providence Stadium in Providence. All pool matches were held on 24 July. The second day on 25 July featured all eight teams playing in quarterfinals, with the winners advancing to the medal round and the losers entering a "Plate" consolation bracket. Both the medal round and Plate were knockout tournaments with a consolation match for the semifinal losers.

Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Mayagüez (Spanish pronunciation: [maʝaˈɣwes], locally [maʝaˈweʔ]) is the ninth-largest municipality in Puerto Rico. It was founded as Pueblo de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez (Township of Our Lady of Candelaria), and is also known as La Sultana del Oeste (The Sultaness of the West), Ciudad de las Aguas Puras (City of Pure Waters), or Ciudad del Mangó (Mango City). On April 6, 1894, the Spanish Crown granted it the formal title of Excelente Ciudad de Mayagüez (Excellent City of Mayagüez). Mayagüez is located in the center of the western coast on the island of Puerto Rico. It has a population of 73,077, and it is the principal city of the Mayagüez Metropolitan Statistical Area (pop. 213,831) and the Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area (pop. 467,599).
Mass in C minor, K. 139 "Waisenhaus"
The Missa solemnis in C minor, K. 139/47a, is a mass composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in the summer of 1768 in Vienna. It is scored for SATB soloists, SATB choir, violin I and II, 2 violas, 2 oboes, 2 trumpets, 2 clarini (high trumpets), 3 trombones colla parte, timpani and basso continuo.

Glossary of music terminology
A variety of musical terms are encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by Fr. and Ger., respectively.

Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here.
Wrestle Kingdom 2
Wrestle Kingdom 2: Pro Wrestling Sekai Taisen (レッスルキングダム2 プロレスリング世界大戦, Ressuru Kingudamu 2 Puro Resuringu Sekaitaisen; lit. "Wrestle Kingdom 2: Pro-Wrestling World War") is a professional wrestling video game for the PlayStation 2. It is the sequel to Yuke's Wrestle Kingdom.

There are five different game modes: Champion Mode, Campaign Mode, Free Fight Mode, Tutorial Mode, and Edit Mode which provides a create-a-wrestler option. Wrestle Kingdom 2 features licensed wrestlers for New Japan Pro-Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling, as well as a number of freelance workers and legends, but differs from the first installment by not including wrestlers from Pro Wrestling Noah.

Manabu Nakanishi
Manabu Nakanishi (中西 学, Nakanishi Manabu; born January 22, 1967) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler and former amateur wrestler, who was primarily associated with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). He is a one-time IWGP Heavyweight Champion, one-time G1 Climax winner and three-time IWGP Tag Team Champion.

Nakanishi has always stayed based in Japan, but has wrestled for various other promotions including World Championship Wrestling, All Japan Pro Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah and Pro Wrestling Zero1. Nakanishi's career slowly declined after a spinal injury in 2011, but he continued to wrestle for a further nine years, before retiring on February 22, 2020.

In 1992, Nakanishi won bronze in freestyle wrestling at the Asian Championships. Later that year, he competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, and placed eleventh.
Office of Chief Administrative Officer
Office of Chief Administrative Officer (Bengali: প্রধান প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তার কার্যালয়) is a specialized department of the Government of Bangladesh under the  Ministry of Defence responsible for the recruitment and management of civilian staff in Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy, and Bangladesh Air Force. It is also accountable for inter-agency cooperation.

Bangladesh Navy
The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী, romanized: Bānlādeś Noubāhinī; abbreviated as BN) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for defending the maritime interests and territorial waters of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the Navy conducts maritime security, naval defense, surveillance, and disaster relief operations. Established after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a modern and professional force, actively participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and regional maritime security initiatives. The Bangladesh Navy today is typically categorized as a green-water navy both domestically and internationally.
Tom Martin (writer)
Thomas Joseph Martin is an American television writer. He grew up in Southern California and attended Rolling Hills High School and Indio High School. He graduated from University of California, Irvine in 1987 with degrees in Economics and Political Science. While at UC Irvine he ran on the Track and Cross Country teams. He has written for Saturday Night Live (as a guest writer), The Simpsons, The Naked Truth, Just Shoot Me!, Clone High, WordGirl, and is a former standup comedian. He co-created Talking Tom and Friends, and is currently executive producer on the Clash of Clans inspired series Clash-a-Rama!.

Talking Tom & Friends (TV series)
Talking Tom & Friends (previously Talking Tom and Friends) is an animated sitcom and children's television series by Slovenian company Outfit7, based on the media franchise of the same name. Its premiere release was on 23 December 2014 on YouTube, with the final episode being released on 24 December 2021. The first three seasons of the show were produced by the Austrian company ARX Anima, while seasons 4 and 5 were produced by the Spanish animation studio People Moving Pixels.
USS Blenny
USS Blenny (SS/AGSS-324), a Balao-class submarine in commission from 1944 to 1969, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the blenny, a fish found along the rocky shores of the Atlantic Ocean. During World War II, Blenny conducted four war patrols in the Java Sea and South China Sea between 10 November 1944 and 14 August 1945. She sank eight Japanese vessels totaling 18,262 tons. In addition, she is credited with destroying more than 62 miscellaneous Japanese small craft by gunfire.

After World War II, Blenny served in the United States Pacific Fleet along the United States West Coast. She also visited Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, Japan and China and conducted a war patrol during the Korean War. She later transferred to the United States Atlantic Fleet and served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. She was scuttled as part of an artificial reef in 1989.

United States Pacific Fleet
The United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT) is a theater-level component command of the United States Navy, located in the Pacific Ocean. It provides naval forces to the Indo-Pacific Command. Fleet headquarters is at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawaii, with large secondary facilities at Naval Air Station North Island, California.
Sagard, Quebec
Sagard is an unorganized territory and hamlet in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality. The hamlet of Sagard (48°01′47″N 70°04′02″W﻿ / ﻿48.02972°N 70.06722°W﻿ / 48.02972; -70.06722) is located on the eastern banks of the Little Saguenay River, along Route 170 between Saint-Siméon and Petit-Saguenay.

Unorganized area
An unorganized area or unorganized territory (French: Territoire non organisé) is any geographic region in Canada that does not form part of a municipality or Indian reserve. In these areas, the lowest level of government is provincial or territorial.  In some of these areas, local service agencies may have some of the responsibilities that would otherwise be covered by municipalities.
Toll-like receptor 3
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) also known as CD283 (cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR3 gene. TLR3 is a member of the toll-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA in endosomes, which is a common feature of viral genomes internalised by macrophages and dendritic cells.

Endosome
Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. They are parts of the endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for degradation or can be recycled back to the cell membrane in the endocytic cycle. Molecules are also transported to endosomes from the trans Golgi network and either continue to lysosomes or recycle back to the Golgi apparatus.

Endosomes can be classified as early, sorting, or late depending on their stage post internalization. Endosomes represent a major sorting compartment of the endomembrane system in cells.
Pollution-induced community tolerance
Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) is an approach to measuring the response of pollution-induced selective pressures on a community. It is an eco-toxicological tool that approaches community tolerance to pollution from a holistic standpoint. Community Tolerance can increase in one of three ways: physical adaptations or phenotypic plasticity, selection of favorable genotypes, and the replacement of sensitive species by tolerant species in a community.

PICT differs from the population tolerance approach to community tolerance in that it can be easily applied to any ecosystem and it is not critical to use a representative test organism, as with the population tolerance approach.

Bioassay
A bioassay is an analytical method to determine the potency or effect of a substance by its effect on living animals or plants (in vivo), or on living cells or tissues (in vitro). A bioassay can be either quantal or quantitative, direct or indirect. If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is quantitative.

A bioassay may be used to detect biological hazards or to give an assessment of the quality of a mixture. A bioassay is often used to monitor water quality as well as wastewater discharges and its impact on the surroundings. It is also used to assess the environmental impact and safety of new technologies and facilities.

Bioassays are essential in pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural sciences for development and launching of new drugs, vitamins, etc.
Idhu Namma Bhoomi
Idhu Namma Bhoomi (transl. This is our Earth) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language masala film written, directed by P. Vasu, and produced by Radha Ravi. The film stars Karthik and Khushbu. It was released on 5 June 1992.

Masala film
Masala films of Indian cinema are those that blend multiple genres into one work. Masala films emerged in the 1970s and are still being created as of the 2020s. Typically these films freely blend action, comedy, romance, and drama, or melodrama. They also tend to be musicals, often including songs filmed in picturesque locations.

The genre is named after the masala, a mixture of spices in Indian cuisine. According to The Hindu, masala is the most popular genre of Indian cinema. Masala films have origins in the 1970s and are common in every major film industry in India. Production of these films is still active in the mid-2020s.
Keith Waldrop
Bernard Keith Waldrop (December 11, 1932 – July 27, 2023) was an American poet, translator, publisher, and academic. He won the National Book Award for Poetry for his 2009 collection Transcendental Studies: A Trilogy.

Emporia State University
Emporia State University (Emporia State or ESU) is a public university in Emporia, Kansas, United States. Established in March 1863 as the Kansas State Normal School, Emporia State is the third-oldest public university in the state of Kansas. Emporia State is one of six public universities governed by the Kansas Board of Regents.

The university offers degrees through seven schools, one college, and one institute: the School of Business and Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Library and Information Management, School of Science and Mathematics, School of Visual and Performing Arts, School of Applied Health Sciences, The Teachers College, and the Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies. Prior to the 2023–24 school year, Emporia State only had two schools and colleges.
St John the Baptist's Church, Wakefield, West Yorkshire
The Church of Saint John the Baptist in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England is an active Anglican parish church in the archdeaconry of Wakefield and the Diocese of Wakefield. The church is Grade II* listed and has been since 29 March 1971.  St John's is the smaller of the Anglican churches in Wakefield City Centre, the larger being Wakefield Cathedral.

Diocese of Wakefield
53°40′48″N 1°30′00″W﻿ / ﻿53.680°N 1.500°W﻿ / 53.680; -1.500

The Diocese of Wakefield is a former Church of England diocese based in Wakefield in West Yorkshire, covering Wakefield, Barnsley, Kirklees and Calderdale.  The cathedral was Wakefield Cathedral and the bishop was the diocesan Bishop of Wakefield.

The Diocese of Wakefield was created out of the Diocese of Ripon in 1888 in response to the rapid expansion in population due to the Industrial Revolution. Immediately prior to its dissolution it extended north to south from the suburbs of Leeds to Barnsley and east to west from Kellington to Todmorden. The diocese was dissolved on 20 April 2014 by the creation of the new Diocese of Leeds.
The Maples (Smithsburg, Maryland)
The Maples is a historic home located at Smithsburg, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It is a  two-story, six-bay stone and log dwelling trimmed in black and white.  The house features a rather elaborate neoclassical cornice with dentils matching the entrance frontispiece and extending along the entire length of the house. The stone section postdates the log structure and was erected between 1790 and 1810.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Smithsburg, Maryland
Smithsburg is a town in Washington County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,977 at the 2020 census. Smithsburg is close to the former Fort Ritchie army base and just west of the presidential retreat Camp David.
Cordula Wöhler
Cordula Wöhler, later Cordula Schmid, pseudonym Cordula Peregrina (17 June 1845 – 6 February 1916) was a German author of Christian poetry and hymns, whose "Segne du, Maria" is among the most popular Marian hymns in the Germanosphere. Wöhler wrote the poem after she, the daughter of a Lutheran pastor in Lichtenhagen, announced that she was converting to Catholicism, only to be expelled from her parental home and disowned by her family. Wöhler then moved to Austria-Hungary and became a recognised poet and author of Christian literature.

Geographical distribution of German speakers
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the Germanosphere (German: Deutscher Sprachraum) in Europe, German-speaking minorities are present in many other countries and on all six inhabited continents.

Mostly depending on the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties with a disputed status as separate languages or which were later acknowledged as separate languages (e.g., Low German/Plautdietsch), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language, 10–25 million as a second language, and 75–100 million as a foreign language. This would imply approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide.
Mauro Bigonzetti
Mauro Bigonzetti (born 1960) is an Italian ballet dancer and choreographer. He trained at the ballet school of Teatro dell'Opera di Roma and entered their company in 1979.

In 1983 Bigonzetti joined the Reggio Emilia company Aterballetto, renowned for its contemporary repertory. He first began to choreograph for Aterballetto in 1990. In 1993 he joined Balletto di Toscana as resident choreographer and in 1997 returned to Aterballetto as artistic director.

Throughout his choreographic career Bigonzetti has maintained a close relationship with Aterballetto. He continues there as principal choreographer, although his career now centers on commissions written for major companies abroad.  He served as director of La Scala Ballet in 2016 but resigned for health reasons after eight months.

Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
41°54′03″N 12°29′44″E﻿ / ﻿41.90083°N 12.49556°E﻿ / 41.90083; 12.49556
The Teatro dell'Opera di Roma (Rome Opera House) is an opera house in Rome, Italy. Originally opened in November 1880 as the 2,212 seat Costanzi Theatre, it has undergone several changes of name as well modifications and improvements. The present house seats 1,560.
Lego Monster Fighters
Lego Monster Fighters (stylized as LEGO Monster Fighters) is a discontinued Lego theme based on Universal Studios Monsters from the horror fiction genre. The Monster Fighters fight against the Lord Vampyre's monsters while collecting the moonstones. The story takes place in the Monster Realm and it's similar to The Monster Squad film. The theme was first introduced in May 2012. It was eventually discontinued by the end of December 2014. The theme also produced a range of associated media, including theme park attractions, several shorts, video game, app and publications.

Moonstone (gemstone)
Moonstone is a sodium potassium aluminium silicate ((Na,K)AlSi3O8) of the feldspar group that displays a pearly and opalescent schiller. An alternative name for moonstone is hecatolite (from goddess Hecate).
Mahmut Pasha of Begolli
Mahmut Pasha of Begolli or Mahmut Pasha (Turkish: Mahmut Mahmutbeyoglu or Mahmud Beyoğlu) was an Ottoman Albanian military commander of the Begolli family and Pasha of Peja, Sanjakbey of Dukagjin and later Beylerbey of Rumelia The Albanians participated in the siege of Vienna in 1683 as the personal bodyguard of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa. Mahmut Pasha is a heroic figure in Albanian folklore and oral tradition.

Albanian folklore
Albanian folklore is the folk tradition of the Albanian people. Albanian traditions have been orally transmitted – through memory systems that have survived intact into modern times – down the generations and are still very much alive in the mountainous regions of Albania, Kosovo and western North Macedonia, as well as among the Arbëreshë in Italy and the Arvanites in Greece, and the Arbanasi in Croatia.

The most important artistic festival of Albanian folklore – the Gjirokastër National Folk Festival – takes place every five years at Gjirokastër Castle in Gjirokastër, southern Albania.
William Middleton (writer)
William Middleton is a journalist and author. He has written for multiple publications and is known for his 2018 biography of French/American art patrons and collectors Dominique de Menil and John de Menil.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.