hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cornelia Rudloff-Schäffer
Cornelia Rudloff-Schäffer (born 10 February 1957 in Bad Camberg/Taunus, West Germany) is a former president of the Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt (DPMA) (English: German Patent and Trade Mark Office), a post she held from 1 January 2009 until her retirement in January 2023. She studied law, politics and media studies and was, after the second legal civil service examination, employed as academic employee at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Patent, Copyright and Competition Law (German: Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Patent-, Urheber- und Wettbewerbsrecht) and at the Institut for the Protection of Industrial Property (German: Institut für gewerblichen Rechtsschutz) at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. She retired at the end of January 2023 and was succeeded by Eva Schewior. Rudloff-Schäffer was the first woman to head the German Patent and Trade Mark Office "in the 145-year history of the office".

Bad Camberg
Bad Camberg (German: [baːt ˈkambɛʁk] ⓘ) is, with 14,500 inhabitants, the second largest town in Limburg-Weilburg district in Hesse, Germany, as well as the southernmost town in the Regierungsbezirk of Gießen. It is located in the eastern Taunus in the Goldener Grund (“Golden Ground”) some 30 km north of Wiesbaden, 18 km southeast of Limburg an der Lahn, and 44 km northwest of Frankfurt, as well as on the German Timber-Frame Road. Bad Camberg is the central community of the Goldener Grund with good infrastructure, and a lower centre partly with a middle centre's function.

The recognized Kneipp resort is Hesse's oldest and Germany's third oldest. In the outlying centre of Oberselters is found a mineral spring that gives forth the well known Selterswasser, often known in English as “seltzer”. The town's landmark is the Kreuzkapelle.
Studia Logica
Studia Logica (full name: Studia Logica, An International Journal for Symbolic Logic) is a scientific journal publishing papers employing formal tools from Mathematics and Logic. The scope of papers published in Studia Logica covers all scientific disciplines; the key criterion for published papers is not their topic but their method: they are required to contain significant and original results concerning formal systems and their properties. The journal offers papers on topics in general logic and on applications of logic to methodology of science, linguistics, philosophy, and other branches of knowledge. The journal is published by the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Springer publications.

Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polish: Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored national academy of sciences and institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes.

It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II.
Joey LaLeggia
Joseph LaLeggia (born June 24, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for Djurgårdens IF in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). LaLeggia was drafted 123rd overall in the 2012 NHL entry draft by the Edmonton Oilers.

2012 NHL entry draft
The 2012 NHL entry draft was the 50th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 22–23, 2012, at Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was the first time that Pittsburgh hosted the draft since the 1997 NHL entry draft. The top three selections were Nail Yakupov by the Edmonton Oilers, Ryan Murray by the Columbus Blue Jackets, and Alex Galchenyuk by the Montreal Canadiens.

As of 2025 there are 54 active NHL players from this draft.
Nationalism in the Middle Ages
Several scholars of nationalism support the existence of nationalism in the Middle Ages, mainly in Europe. This school of thought differs from modernism, the predominant school of thought on nationalism, which suggests that nationalism developed largely after the late 18th century and the French Revolution. Theories on the existence of nationalism in the Middle Ages may belong to the general paradigms of ethnosymbolism and primordialism (perennialism).

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Bolivarian National Armed Forces of Venezuela
The Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Spanish: Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana - FANB) is the combined military force of Venezuela. It is controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the President) and the Minister of Defense. In addition to the army, navy, and air force there is also a National Guard and Militia primarily focused on internal security.

The armed forces primary purpose is to defend Venezuelan territory from attack, combat drug trafficking, provide search and rescue capabilities, aid the civilian population in case of natural disasters protection, as well as numerous internal security assignments. As of 2018, the armed forces had 123,000 active personnel and 8,000 reservists.

Illegal drug trade in Venezuela
In 2005, Venezuela severed ties with the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), accusing its representatives of spying. Following the departure of the DEA from Venezuela and the expansion of DEA's partnership with Colombia in 2005, Venezuela became more attractive to drug traffickers. Between 2008 and 2012, Venezuela's cocaine seizure ranking among other countries declined, going from being ranked fourth in the world for cocaine seizures in 2008 to sixth in the world in 2012.
Under the Thumb
"Under the Thumb" is the third single from English singer Amy Studt's debut album, False Smiles (2003). Released on 29 September 2003, the song reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number 36 in Ireland.

False Smiles
False Smiles is the debut album from British singer Amy Studt. Originally released in 2003 with 14 tracks, the album was re-released on 26 January 2004 with the new single, a cover of the Sheryl Crow classic "All I Wanna Do". It sold around 200,000 copies and was certified gold.
St. Elijah Church, Moscopole
The St. Elijah Church (Albanian: Kisha e Shëndëlliut or Kisha e Shën Ilias; Aromanian: Biserica Sãmtu Ayilau) is an Orthodox church in Moscopole (Albanian: Voskopojë), Korçë County, Albania, dedicated to Saint Elijah. It is a Cultural Monument of Albania.

Korçë County
Korçë County (Albanian: Qarku Korçë), officially the County of Korçë (Albanian: Qarku i Korçës), is a county in the Southern Region of the Republic of Albania. It is the largest by area and the fifth most populous of the twelve counties, with more than 173,000 people within an area of 3,711 km2 (1,433 sq mi). The county borders on North Macedonia to the northeast and Greece to the southeast, the counties of Elbasan to the northwest, Berat to the west and Gjirokastër to the southwest. It is divided into six municipalities, Korçë, Devoll, Kolonjë, Maliq, Pogradec and Pustec, with all of whom incorporate thirty-seven administrative units.
Little Mark Island Monument
The Little Mark Island Monument is a historic day beacon and shipwreck refuge on Little Mark Island in northern Casco Bay off the southern coast of the United States state of Maine.  The monument, a pyramidal stone structure built in 1827, is one of only three such structures ever built in the state, and is now topped by a beacon light.  It is owned and managed by the United States Coast Guard, and is an active aid to navigation.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

Day beacon
A day beacon (sometimes daybeacon) is an unlighted nautical sea mark. A signboard identifying it is called a day mark. Day beacons typically mark channels whose key points are marked by lighted buoys. They may also mark smaller navigable routes in their entirety. They are the most common navigation aid in shallow water, as they are relatively inexpensive to install and maintain. Navigation around them is similar to that around other navigation aids.
Horseheads High School
Horseheads High School is a public institution for secondary education (grades 9–12) in the rural town of Horseheads, New York. It is the single high school for the Horseheads Central School District. The communities of the Town and Village of Horseheads, Big Flats, Elmira, Veteran, Breesport, Pine Valley, Erin, Millport, Lowman, Beaver Dams, Cayuta, Catlin, and portions of adjacent communities make up the district. Elective, Regents, classes with Corning Community College), and several AP courses are offered by the school. Students also have the option of attending vocational programs through The Greater Southern Tier Board of Cooperative Educational Services (GST BOCES).

Millport, New York
Millport is a village in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 312 at the 2010 census. The name comes from its former status as a canal port.

Millport is in the northwest quadrant of the town of Veteran and is north of Elmira. The mail ZIP code is 14864. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.
ABS Capital Partners
ABS Capital Partners is an American private equity firm focused on investments in software and tech-enabled services businesses across a range of industries, including FinTech, Healthcare, EdTech, eCommerce, cybersecurity, and Smart Cities. Founded in 1990, the firm is based in Washington, DC, Baltimore, and San Francisco. The company has raised approximately $2.5 billion since its inception across seven funds. ABS Capital Partners is a member of the National Venture Capital Association.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Giovanni Meli
Giovanni Meli (4 March 1740 – 20 December 1815) was an Italian poet.

Meli was born in Palermo. After studying philosophy and medicine he worked as a doctor in Cinisi in the province of Palermo. It was during this early period of his life that he discovered the bucolic poets and the poetic value of his native Sicilian language, which he used thereafter in all of his literary works. There is a Monument to Giovanni Meli in Piazza Stazione Lolli in Palermo, Sicily.

Province of Palermo
The province of Palermo (Italian: provincia di Palermo; Sicilian: pruvincia di Palermu) was a province in the autonomous region of Sicily, a major island in Southern Italy. Its capital was the city of Palermo. On 4 August 2015, it was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Palermo.
Letz Sushi
Letz Sushi was a Danish chain of sushi restaurants headquartered in Copenhagen. It focused on sustainable sushi and saving the world oceans. It consisted of 20 restaurants and a retail division delivering to 500 supermarkets and convenience stores.
The chain has been closed in 2024.

Vesterbro, Copenhagen
Vesterbro is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and city tax districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 3.76 km2 (1.45 sq mi), and has a population of 51,466 and a population density of 13,688 per km2.

Neighboring city districts are:

to the northeast, the Indre By, also known as "Copenhagen Center", "Downtown Copenhagen" or "City".

to the north, Frederiksberg municipality, which is not a part of Copenhagen municipality but rather an enclave surrounded by the municipality.

to the west, Valby.

to the south, Kongens Enghave.
20 Minute Workout (album)
20 Minute Workout is the second studio album by DJ Kool, released on April 18, 1994. The title track "20-Minute Workout" was recorded live at Ivory's Nightclub in Richmond, Virginia, on November 20, 1993.

DJ Kool
John W. Bowman Jr. (born March 20, 1958), better known by his stage name DJ Kool, is an American rapper who produced several popular rap singles in the late 1980s. As a performer, he is best known for his 1996 hit single "Let Me Clear My Throat", the title track from his 1996 album of the same name.
Palisades Dam
Palisades Dam (National Inventory of Dams ID ID00273) is an earth-fill dam in the western United States, on the upper Snake River in eastern Idaho. Located in Bonneville County near the Wyoming border, the dam was completed 68 years ago in 1957.

Providing irrigation water, flood control, and recreation, it features a four-turbine hydroelectric power plant and can potentially generate 176.5 MW of electricity. The resulting water impoundment, Palisades Reservoir, has a storage capacity of 1.2 million acre-feet. The dam and power station were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Dillon Judge
Dillon Judge (born 22 March 2004) is a British-Irish figure skater who represents Ireland. He is the 2024 Triglav Trophy bronze medalist, the 2024 Lõunakeskus Trophy bronze medalist, and a two-time Irish national champion (2023, 2025).

On the junior level, he is the 2021 Tayside Trophy silver medalist, the 2022 Kurbada Cup bronze medalist, and the 2020 Irish junior national champion.

Tayside Trophy
The Tayside Trophy is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by British Ice Skating at the Dundee Ice Arena in Dundee, Scotland, in the United Kingdom. The competition debuted in 2019. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, and pair skating at the senior, junior, and novice levels.
Kiiza Eron
Eron Kiiza (born August 12, 1983) is a Ugandan poet, lawyer, and environmentalist. He is the co-founder of Kiiza & Mugisha Advocates and CEO of The Environment Shield Limited. He is an Advocate of the High Court of Uganda, a member of the Uganda Law Society and the East African Law Society. Eron was nominated for the 2022 European Union Human Rights Defender of the Year award. He was awarded by the National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders Uganda in 2020 as the Central Uganda Human Rights Defender of the Year. He was also recognized by LASPNET as an outstanding Public Interest Lawyer in 2022.

High Court of Uganda
The High Court of Uganda, also Uganda High Court, is the third-highest judicial organ in Uganda, behind the Supreme Court of Uganda and the Court of Appeal of Uganda. It has "unlimited original jurisdiction", with powers to try any case of any value or crime of any magnitude. It is also mandated to hear all appeals from all Magistrates Courts. High Court judgements are appealable to the Uganda Court of Appeal.
Midnight sun
Midnight sun, also known as polar day, is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the Sun remains visible at the local midnight. When midnight sun is seen in the Arctic, the Sun appears to move from left to right. In Antarctica, the equivalent apparent motion is from right to left. This occurs at latitudes ranging from approximately 65°44' to exactly 90° north or south, and does not stop exactly at the Arctic Circle or the Antarctic Circle, due to refraction.

The opposite phenomenon, polar night, occurs in winter, when the Sun stays below the horizon throughout the day.

Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.
INS Tarangini
INS Tarangini is a three-masted barque, commissioned in 1997 as a sail training ship for the Indian Navy. She is square rigged on the fore and main masts and fore-and-aft rigged on the mizzen mast. She was constructed in Goa to a design by the British naval architect Colin Mudie, and launched on 1 December 1995. In 2003–04, she became the first Indian naval ship to circumnavigate the globe.

Apart from races, the ship sails extensively across the Indian Ocean region for the purpose of providing sail training experience to the officer cadets of the Indian Navy. The Indian Navy believes that training on board these ships is the best method of instilling among the trainees the "indefinable 'sea-sense' and respect for elements of nature, which are inseparable from safe and successful seafaring". The Navy believes that sail training also serves to impart the values of courage, camaraderie, endurance and esprit-de-corps among budding naval officers.

Full-rigged ship
A full-rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a sailing vessel with a sail plan of three or more masts, all of them square-rigged. Such a vessel is said to have a ship rig or be ship-rigged, with each mast stepped in three segments: lower, top, and topgallant.
Devore, Indiana
Devore is an unincorporated community in the southwest portion of Taylor Township, Owen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It lies just south of the intersection of County Road 1000 North and County Road 100 East (a.k.a. Tower Road and Devore Road), which is a community about ten miles north of the city of Spencer, the county seat of Owen County.  Its elevation is 755 feet (230 m), and it is located at 39°25′47″N 86°45′10″W﻿ / ﻿39.42972°N 86.75278°W﻿ / 39.42972; -86.75278 (39.4297683 -86.7527843). This community is also known as Mill Grove.

Spencer, Indiana
Spencer is a town in Washington Township, Owen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, Spencer had a population of 2,454. It is the county seat of Owen County.

Spencer is part of the Bloomington, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Goljemadi
Gojëmadhi (or Goljemad) was an Albanian tribe (fis) that lived in the Middle Ages. They inhabited the Lješanska nahija region of Old Montenegro, being centered in the area around the village of Goljemadi, west of modern Podgorica.

Their name is a compound of the Albanian words gojë (meaning 'mouth') and madh (meaning 'big'). The name indicates the retention of the letter l in the word gojë. The Gojëmadhi are first mentioned around western Montenegro in the year 1402.

In the 1416-17 Venetian cadastre of Shkodra, mentions a certain Benk Goljamadhi inhabiting the village of  Shirq near Dajç, Shkodër.
Mariano Bolizza in his voyage in the area in 1614 recorded that Belo Vujkov held 27 houses of the Golemadi, with 57 soldiers.

Over time they were integrated into the neighbouring Slavic population.
The village bearing their name still exists to this day.

Dajç, Shkodër
Dajç (Albanian definite form: Dajçi) is a village and a former municipality in the Shkodër County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Shkodër. The population at the 2011 census was 3,885.
Loving Jezebel
Loving Jezebel is a 1999 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Kwyn Bader. The film stars Hill Harper, David Moscow, Laurel Holloman, Nicole Ari Parker, Sandrine Holt, Phylicia Rashad, Elisa Donovan and Lysa Aya Trenier. The film was released on October 27, 2000, by Universal Focus. The film tells the story of a young man who reminisces about his romantic misadventures.

Repercussions (band)
Repercussions were an American R&B, neo soul and acid jazz group of the 1990s, formed by members, percussionists Gordon "Nappy G" Clay & Daniel Wyatt who met as students at Columbia University. Gordon Clay played timbales, bongos and other percussion while Daniel Wyatt played congas (tumba & quinto) Other members included Andy Faranda on guitar, singer, songwriter and producer Nicole Willis, and members of Groove Collective
musician and producer Genji Siraisi on drums, musician Itaal Shur on keyboards, and the highly lauded Jonathan Maron on bass, briefly Chris Ifatoye Theberge,  as well as keyboard players Michael Scott Barkham and Teddy Harris, oral poetic performance artist Dana Bryant and later members whom appeared solely on the album "Charmed Life", Mark Anthony Jones and Aya. The group frequently performed at S.O.B.'s Giant Step opening for artists such as Massive Attack, Gil Scott Heron, Gang Starr and more. The group released two studio albums.
Giant tree-rat
The giant tree-rat (Toromys grandis) is a species in the family Echimyidae, the spiny rats. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Toromys. It is endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the flooded forest along the banks of the Amazon River and its tributaries.

This species was formerly considered to be a member of the genera Loncheres and Makalata. In 2005 it was reclassified as the only member of the new genus Toromys.

The etymology of the genus name derives from the onomatopoeic Portuguese word toró, referring  to the vocalizations of this rodent, and the ancient greek word μῦς (mûs), meaning "mouse, rat".

Echimyidae
Echimyidae is the family of Neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully arboreal to terrestrial to fossorial to semiaquatic habits. They presently exist mainly in South America; three members of the family also range into Central America, and the hutias are found in the West Indies in the Caribbean. Species of the extinct subfamily Heteropsomyinae formerly lived on Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico in the Antilles.