hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of radio receivers
Radio waves were first identified in German physicist Heinrich Hertz's 1887 series of experiments to prove James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. Hertz used spark-excited dipole antennas to generate the waves and micrometer spark gaps attached to dipole and loop antennas to detect them.  These precursor radio receivers were primitive devices, more accurately described as radio wave "sensors" or "detectors", as they could only receive radio waves within about 100 feet of the transmitter, and were not used for communication but instead as laboratory instruments in scientific experiments and engineering demonstrations.

Heinrich Hertz
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (/hɜːrts/ hurts; German: [hɛʁts] ⓘ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves proposed by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.
Battle of Amstetten
The Battle of Amstetten was a minor engagement during the War of the Third Coalition between the First French Empire and the alliance of Austria and Russia. It occurred on 5 November 1805, when the retreating Russo-Austrian troops, led by Mikhail Kutuzov, were intercepted by Marshal Joachim Murat's cavalry and a portion of Marshal Jean Lannes' corps. Pyotr Bagration's rearguard defended against the advancing French troops and allowed the Russian troops to retreat. This was the first fight in which a major part of the Russian Army opposed a significant number of French troops in the open. The rearguard also consisted of Michael von Kienmayer's Austrians. The total number of Russo-Austrian troops was around 6,700, while the French troops numbered roughly 10,000 troops. The Russo-Austrian forces suffered more casualties but were still able to successfully retreat.

Jean Lannes
Jean Lannes, 1st Duke of Montebello, Prince of Siewierz (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ lan]; 10 April 1769 – 31 May 1809), was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during both the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

He was one of Napoleon's most daring and talented generals, and is regarded by many as one of history's greatest military commanders. Napoleon once commented on Lannes: "I found him a pygmy and left him a giant". A personal friend of the emperor, he was allowed to address him with the familiar tu, as opposed to the formal vous.
Z Electric Vehicle
Z Electric Vehicle Corporation (ZEV) is an American owned and operated electric scooter manufacturer and distributor based in Morgantown, West Virginia, with test facilities in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania.  Its vehicles are assembled in both the US and China with assembly shops in the US, Australia, and Vietnam.  ZEV says its electric scooters are the world's most powerful, fastest, and have the longest range.

Morgantown, West Virginia
Morgantown is a city in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Monongahela River in north-central West Virginia, it is home to West Virginia University. With a population of 30,347 at the 2020 census, Morgantown is the third-most populous city in West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents. The local economy is largely driven by education and healthcare, anchored by West Virginia University and the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.
Antheia, Evros
Anthia (Greek: Άνθεια) is a village and a community in the southern part of the Evros regional unit in Greece.  Antheia is located near the old Greek National Road 2 between Alexandroupoli and Feres. It is 10 km east of the centre of Alexandroupoli. Antheia was the seat of the municipality of Traianoupoli, and a municipal district within that municipality. In 2021 its population was 1,157 for the community, which includes the village Aristino. The settlement was created with the migration of Arvanites from Turkey in 1923. They largely originate from the inhabitants of the villages of Qytezë and Sultanköy.

İbriktepe
İbriktepe (Albanian: Qytezë) is a village in the İpsala District, Edirne Province in northwestern Turkey. The village had a population of 1,127 in 2022. Situated at the Turkey-Greece border, the village is 25 km (16 mi) away from İpsala and 100 km (62 mi) far from Edirne. Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

İbriktepe is famous for having been the birthplace of Albanian politician and founder of the Albanian Orthodox Church, Fan Noli. At the time of Noli's birth a small Albanian-speaking Orthodox community lived in the town. It had an Ayos Georgios church built in 1837. A bust of him was placed in the town in January 2011.

Today, the village formerly known as Qyteza is partly inhabited by Alevi Turks.
Sahtu (electoral district)
Sahtu is a territorial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories, Canada. The district is roughly coterminous with the Sahtu Region, consisting of Colville Lake, Deline, Fort Good Hope, Norman Wells and Tulita.

Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly, or Legislative Council of the Northwest Territories (with Northwest hyphenated as North-West until 1906), is the legislature and the seat of government of Northwest Territories in Canada. It is a unicameral elected body that creates and amends law in the Northwest Territories. Permanently located in Yellowknife since 1993, the assembly was founded in 1870 and became active in 1872 with the first appointments from the Government of Canada.

Until 2014, the assembly was officially defined under federal law as "Legislative Council". However, under Northwest Territories territorial law, it was defined as "Legislative Assembly". The federal name was changed when the Northwest Territories Act was rewritten in 2014. Under different periods of its history it has alternated names.

Members of the Legislative Assembly are sworn in by the commissioner of the Northwest Territories.
Manuel Pizarro Cenjor
Manuel Pizarro Cenjor (Murcia, November 2, 1889-Teruel, July 3, 1954) was a Spanish soldier who achieved the rank of divisional general (general de división) holding the position of deputy director of the Civil Guard and other positions of responsibility in Francoist Spain.

Divisional general
Divisional general (alternatively general of division) is a general officer rank who commands an army division. The rank originates from the French Revolutionary System, and is used by a number of countries.  The rank is above a brigade general, and normally below an army corps general.

The rank is mostly used in countries where it is used as a modern alternative to a previous older rank of major-general or lieutenant-general.
Isle of Wight Railway Company
The Isle of Wight Railway Company can refer to two bodies:

The historical company which built and operated the Isle of Wight Railway network from 1864 to 1923.

The modern company which formed from the Wight Locomotive Society, which re-built, operates and maintains the Isle of Wight Steam Railway.

Isle of Wight Steam Railway
The Isle of Wight Steam Railway is a heritage railway on the Isle of Wight. The railway passes through 5+1⁄2 miles (9 km) of countryside from Smallbrook Junction to Wootton station, passing through the small village of Havenstreet, where the line has a station, headquarters and a depot. At Smallbrook Junction, the steam railway connects with the Island Line.
Shin Vision
Shin Vision Srl was an Italian company based in Rome that published Japanese anime and manga, and operated in the merchandising, film/live action, non-Japanese cartoons, and music industries. Formed on 12 September 2002, it was declared bankrupt by the Court of Rome on May 7, 2008.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
1973–74 Liga Leumit
The 1973–74 Liga Leumit season saw Maccabi Netanya win their second title. Benny Alon of Hapoel Haifa was the league's top scorer with 15 goals.

The bottom two clubs, Hakoah Ramat Gan (who had won the title the previous season) and Maccabi Haifa took part in a play-off group with the top four clubs from Liga Alef to decide promotion and relegation. The top two clubs would remain in/be promoted to Liga Leumit, whilst the bottom four would start the 1974–75 season in Liga Alef. At the end of the play-offs, Hakoah Ramat Gan retained their place in the top division, whilst Shimshon Tel Aviv were promoted with Maccabi Haifa being relegated.

Shimshon Tel Aviv F.C.
Shimshon Tel Aviv F.C. (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל שמשון תל אביב, Moadon Kaduregel Shimshon Tel Aviv) is an Israeli football club based in Tel Aviv.

In 2000 it merged with Beitar Tel Aviv to create Beitar Shimshon Tel Aviv. In 2011, the merge came apart after Beitar Tel Aviv merged with Ironi Ramla to create Beitar Tel Aviv Ramla, whilst Shimshon withdrew from the union and functioned as youth section, without a senior team.

In 2014, the club was resurrected by local businessmen. On 11 September 2014 Shimshom beat Hapoel Ramat Gan 1–0 in a historic first win in 10 years.
Zgornje Gruškovje
Zgornje Gruškovje (pronounced [ˈzɡoːɾnjɛ ˈɡɾuːʃkɔu̯jɛ]) is a settlement in the Haloze Hills in the Municipality of Podlehnik in eastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

The Croatian settlement across the border from Zgornje Gruškovje is Macelj.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Magdy Galal Sharawi
Air Marshal Magdy Galal Sharawi (Arabic: مجدي جلال شعراوي born May, 1946) is a retired senior Egyptian Air Force officer.  From 2002 to 2008, he was the Commander of the Egyptian Air Force.

Magdy Galal Sharawi graduated from the Egyptian Air Academy in 1966.  As a pilot he flew MiG-15s, MiG-17s, MiG-21s and SU-7s.  From  February 1997 to January 2000 he was the Director of the Egyptian Air Academy and in 2002 he was appointed as the Commander of the Egyptian Air Force.  In late 2003, Sharawi visited Pakistan, meeting the Pakistani Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Kaleem Saadat. Following a number of senior appointments he was made Commander of the Egyptian Air Force on 1 March 2002. Currently, he is an Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary to Switzerland.

Air chief marshal
Air chief marshal (Air Chf Mshl or ACM) is a high-ranking air officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence. This rank is also equivalent to an admiral in a navy or a full general in an army or other nations' air forces.

The rank of air chief marshal is immediately senior to the rank of air marshal but subordinate to marshal of the air force. Air chief marshals are sometimes generically considered to be air marshals.
Lavochkin La-152
The Lavochkin La-152, (USAF reporting name - Type 4), and its variants, was a jet fighter prototype designed and manufactured by the Lavochkin Design Bureau (OKB) shortly after the end of World War II. Derived from the Lavochkin La-150, the 152 used several different engines, but the program was canceled as other fighters with more powerful engines and swept wings showed more promise.

Junkers Jumo 004
The Junkers Jumo 004 was the world's first production turbojet engine in operational use, and the first successful axial compressor turbojet engine. Some 8,000 units were manufactured by Junkers in Germany late in World War II, powering the Messerschmitt Me 262 fighter and the Arado Ar 234 reconnaissance/bomber, along with prototypes, including the Horten Ho 229. Variants and copies of the engine were produced in Eastern Europe and the USSR for several years following the end of WWII.
Carlos Rodríguez-Pastor Sr.
Carlos Rodríguez-Pastor Mendoza (1934 - 5 August 1995) was a Peruvian businessman and politician.

He was Peru's Minister of Economy and Finance from 1983 to 1984. In 1994, he bought Banco Internacional del Peru, but died the following year.

He is the father of the billionaire businessman Carlos Rodríguez-Pastor, and uncle of journalist Carlos Lozada.

Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, MEF) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for the planning and execution of  economic policies of the Peruvian government with the goal of optimizing the economic and financial activities of the state, establish macroeconomic activity, and achieve the sustainable growth of the nation's economy.

The current Minister of Economy and Finance is Raúl Pérez-Reyes, serving since 13 May 2025.
Sakakibara clan
The Sakakibara clan (Japanese: 榊原氏, Hepburn: Sakakibara-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan who rose to prominence during the Edo period under the Tokugawa shogunate. Before the Meiji Restoration, the clan served as daimyō of Takada Domain in Echigo Province. The Sakakibara were one of the four families who enjoyed the privilege of providing a regent during the minority of a Shōgun. Under the Meiji government's kazoku peerage system, the head of the clan held the title of viscount (shishaku).

Himeji Domain
Himeji Domain (姫路藩, Himeji-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Harima Province in what is now the southern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Himeji Castle, which is located in what is now the city of Himeji, Hyōgo.
Wolfgang Baur
Wolfgang Baur (born 1968) is an American game designer, best known for his work with Dragon magazine. He designs role-playing games and is known for his work at Wizards of the Coast. Baur is also the founder of Open Design LLC, later known as Kobold Press.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Triple Concerto, BWV 1044
The Triple Concerto, BWV 1044, is a concerto in A minor for traverso, violin, harpsichord, and string orchestra by Johann Sebastian Bach. He based the composition on his Prelude and Fugue BWV 894 for harpsichord and on the middle movement of his Organ Sonata BWV 527, or on earlier lost models for these compositions.

Joh. Seb. Bach's Werke
Joh. Seb. Bach's Werke (lit. 'Joh. Seb. Bach's works') is the Bach Gesellschaft's collected edition of Johann Sebastian Bach's compositions, published in 61 volumes in the second half of the 19th century. The series is also known as Bach-Gesellschaft edition (German: Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe; BGA), or as Bach-Gesamtausgabe (BG; lit. 'Bach complete edition'). It is a German-language edition: title pages and notes by editors are exclusively in German.

A supplemental volume was published in 1926, a quarter of a century after the Bach Gesellschaft's dissolution. Another late addition to the series was Max Schneider's 1935 revision of the fourth volume. All volumes, including the 20th-century additions, were published by Breitkopf & Härtel. As a complete edition of Bach's works it was succeeded by the New Bach Edition, published between 1954 and 2007.
Fiona Alison Duncan
Fiona Alison Duncan is a Canadian–American writer, artist, curator, and organizer. Duncan's first novel, Exquisite Mariposa, was awarded a 2020 Lambda Literary Award for Bisexual Fiction and long-listed for The Golden Poppy Book Award in 2019. Duncan is the founder of Hard to Read, a literary social practice, and its spin-off, Pillow Talk. She has curated numerous international contemporary art exhibitions including Pippa Garner's first institutional exhibition in Europe at the Kunstverein München in Munich. The Pippa Garner exhibit traveled to New York and was shown at White Columns gallery in 2023.

White Columns
White Columns is New York City's  oldest alternative non-profit art space. White Columns is known as a showcase for up-and-coming artists, and is primarily devoted to emerging artists who are not affiliated with galleries. All work submitted is looked at by the director. Some of the artists receive studio visits and some of those artists are exhibited. White Columns maintained a slide registry of emerging artists, which is now an online curated artist registry.
Counter-pressure brake
The counter-pressure brake (German: Gegendruckbremse), also named the Riggenbach counter-pressure brake after its inventor, Niklaus Riggenbach, is a dynamic railway brake on steam locomotives that brakes the locomotive using the driving cylinders. In doing so it reduces wear and tear and overheating of the driving wheel tyres and brake blocks and enables a continuously high brake force to be applied. The brake works by using the cylinders as air compressors and converting kinetic energy into heat. Steam is emitted during braking but this does not come from the boiler, it is produced by evaporation of water used to cool the cylinders.

The main part of the system is piping and regulation of atmospheric air drawn into the cylinders, into which cooling water and oil is injected.

Brake force
Brake force, also known as brake power, is a measure of force applied by the brakes of a vehicle in order to decelerate it. It is one of the main components in determining a vehicle's stopping distance.
Zorro Rides Again
Zorro Rides Again (1937) is a 12-chapter Republic Pictures film serial. It was the eighth of the sixty-six Republic serials, the third with a Western theme (a third of Republic's serials were westerns) and the last produced in 1937. The serial was directed by William Witney & John English in their first collaboration. The serial starred John Carroll who also sang the title song as a modern descendant of the original Zorro with Carroll stunt doubled by Yakima Canutt. The plot is a fairly standard western storyline about a villain attempting to illicitly take valuable land (in this case a new railroad). The setting is a hybrid of modern (1930s) and western elements that was used occasionally in B-Westerns (such as the western feature films also produced by Republic). It was also the first in a series of five Zorro serials, followed by Zorro's Fighting Legion (1939), Zorro's Black Whip (1944), Son of Zorro (1947) and Ghost of Zorro (1949).

William Witney
William Nuelsen Witney (May 15, 1915 – March 17, 2002) was an American film and television director. He is best remembered for the action films he made for Republic Pictures, particularly serials: Dick Tracy Returns, G-Men vs. the Black Dragon, Daredevils of the Red Circle, Zorro's Fighting Legion, and Drums of Fu Manchu. Prolific and pugnacious, Witney began directing while still in his 20s, and continued working until 1982.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Callahan County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Callahan County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Callahan County, Texas. There are two properties listed on the National Register in the county. One site is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
PFQ
PFQ or pFq can refer to:

Generalized hypergeometric function, a family of mathematical functions denoted as

Parsabad-Moghan Airport, an airport in Parsabad, Iran, by IATA code

Visitor (fish), a species of ray-finned fish in the Pacific Ocean, by Catalogue of Life identifier

Pingfang District, a district of Harbin, China; see List of administrative divisions of Heilongjiang

Visitor (fish)
The visitor (Adventor elongatus), also known as the sandpaper velvetfish,is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Adventor. This species is found the Pacific Ocean waters along the coasts of Papua New Guinea and Australia.
Jerzy Zathey
Jerzy Krzysztof Stanisław Zathey (15 April 1911 in Kraków – 27 April 1999 in Mszana Dolna) was a Polish historian of Medieval and Renaissance culture, librarian, manuscripts expert. He was a co-originator of the scientific method of elaborating medieval manuscripts. Publisher of numerous source documents (mainly in Latin and Old Polish language).

Zathey was a professor of the Jagiellonian University (since 1983), curator of the National Library of Poland (1938–1944), curator (1945–1981) and director (1957–1981) of Manuscript Department at the Jagiellonian Library, member of Medieval Academy of America (since 1981).

Mszana Dolna
Mszana Dolna [ˈmʂana ˈdɔlna] is a town in Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 7,431 inhabitants (2004). Mszana Dolna lies among the hills of western Beskids, 50 kilometres (31 miles) south of Kraków. The town is located in a deep valley, surrounded by several ranges, including the Gorce Mountains featuring Gorce National Park. Mszana is located along National Road Nr. 28, which goes west–east, from Zator to Przemyśl. In 2002, the area of Mszana Dolna was 27.1 square kilometres (10.5 sq mi), out of which forests covered 50%, and arable land 36%.