hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lingxiao Rock
The Lingxiao Rock (Chinese: 凌霄岩), or Lingxiaoyan, also known as Lingxiao Cave, is a karst cave located in Helang Town, Yangchun, Yangjiang. Characterized by the karst topography, it is about 60 meters high and 30 meters wide.

The stalactites in the cave are all naturally formed without any artificial carvings; therefore, it is touted as the "First Cave in the South China". In 2003, Lingxiao Cave was assessed as a National Geological Park in China.

Yangjiang
Yangjiang (simplified Chinese: 阳江; traditional Chinese: 陽江), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Yeungkong, is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Guangdong Province in the People's Republic of China. It borders Maoming to the west, Yunfu to the north, Jiangmen to the east, and looks out to the South China Sea to the south. The local dialect is the Gaoyang dialect, a branch of Yue Chinese. During the 2020 census, its population was 2,602,959 inhabitants of whom 1,292,987 lived in the built-up (or metro) and largely urbanized area comprising Jiangcheng District and Yangdong District.
Ulmus glabra 'Nigra'
The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Nigra', commonly known as the Black Irish Elm, was found in the Kilkenny area c.1770 by the father of nurseryman John Robertson of Kilkenny, who later cultivated it. Robertson stated that he had not seen the form outside Ireland. It was listed by Loddiges (1830) as Ulmus nigra, and described by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838), as Ulmus montana nigra. 'Nigra' is not mentioned in either Elwes and Henry's or Bean's classic works on British trees.

The Späth nursery of Berlin marketed an U. montana nigra in the late 19th century. Späth, like many of his contemporaries, used U. montana both for wych elm cultivars and for those of U. × hollandica.

Though 'Nigra' is sometimes listed as a synonym of 'Cinerea' (see 'Synonymy'), the leaf-descriptions of the two cultivars appear to distinguish them, the latter having leaves recalling those of Exeter Elm. Loddiges' 1830 catalogue lists the two separately.

William Jackson Bean
William Jackson Bean CVO ISO (26 May 1863 in Leavening, North Riding of Yorkshire – 19 April 1947 in Kew, Surrey) was a British botanist and plantsman, who was curator of Kew Gardens from 1922 to 1929. He was responsible for some of the present collections of trees and woody plants there.
Logic level
In digital circuits, a logic level is one of a finite number of states that a digital signal can inhabit. Logic levels are usually represented by the voltage difference between the signal and ground, although other standards exist. The range of voltage levels that represent each state depends on the logic family being used.
A logic-level shifter can be used to allow compatibility between different circuits.

State (computer science)
In information technology and computer science, a system is described as stateful if it is designed to remember preceding events or user interactions; the remembered information is called the state of the system.

The set of states a system can occupy is known as its state space. In a discrete system, the state space is countable and often finite. The system's internal behaviour or interaction with its environment consists of separately occurring individual actions or events, such as accepting input or producing output, that may or may not cause the system to change its state. Examples of such systems are digital logic circuits and components, automata and formal language, computer programs, and computers.

The output of a digital circuit or deterministic computer program at any time is completely determined by its current inputs and its state.
Anna Kareyeva
Anna Vasilyevna Kareyeva (Russian: Анна Васильевна Кареева; born 10 May 1977) is a Russian handball player who competed internationally with the Russian national team. She has won the World Championship three times (2001, 2005 and 2007) and she also received a silver medal in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Handball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's handball tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics is being held from August 9 to August 23, at the Olympic Sports Centre Gymnasium and National Indoor Stadium in Beijing.  Twelve nations are represented in the women's tournament.

The four best teams from each group will advance to the quarterfinal round, 5th and 6th teams in each group are classified 9th-12th by the results of their group matches. The losers of quarterfinal matches will compete in the 5th-8th classification matches by the same elimination system as the winners of the quarterfinals.
Three time consecutive defending Champion  Denmark were not part of the 2008 Olympics Handball Tournament, as they did not qualify from the 2007 World Women's Handball Championship.
Reputation parasitism
Reputation parasitism, reputation leeching or credibility leeching is a legal term regarding marketing. It refers to when one advertiser uses another brand's good reputation to market their own product. The legal concept of reputation parasitism originates in the Nordic nations. In many places it is illegal to do so. For instance in Sweden it is outlawed according to Marknadsföringslagen ("Swedish Marketing Act") (1995:450).

The Finnish Market Court expanded its interpretation of the Unfair Business Practices Act to treat reputation parasitism as an enforceable violation of fair business practices, bringing Finnish law more closely in line with Swedish law.

Examples of reputation parasitism include having a product in a design that is very similar to an existing product or using a similar name. The concept of reputation parasitism has also been applied to counterfeit consumer goods, which can also leech off of and damage the reputation of established brands.

Counterfeit consumer good
Counterfeit consumer goods are goods illegally made or sold without the brand owner's authorization, often violating trademarks. Counterfeit goods can be found in nearly every industry, from luxury products like designer handbags and watches to everyday goods like electronics and medications. Typically of lower quality, counterfeit goods may pose health and safety risks.

Various organizations have attempted to estimate the size of the global counterfeit market. According to the OECD, counterfeit goods made up approximately 2.5% of global trade in 2019, with an estimated value of $464 billion. Sales of counterfeit and pirated goods are projected to reach €1.67 trillion (approximately $1.89 trillion USD) by 2030.

Despite the illegality of counterfeit goods, many, especially fashion items such as handbags, watches, shoes and sports jerseys, are widely sold worldwide and purchased by both locals and tourists, typically at street markets or through online retailers.
Dale Daniel
Lisa Dale Daniel is an American country music artist. She has recorded one studio album, Luck of Our Own. Daniel is the daughter of songwriter Naomi Martin, whose credits include the Grammy nominated "Let's Take the Long Way Around the World" by Ronnie Milsap and "My Eyes Can Only See as Far as You" by Charley Pride. Daniel and Martin also co-wrote the track "Someone to Call Me Darling" on Lorrie Morgan's 1992 album Watch Me. She also co-penned a Barbara Mandrell and Lee Greenwood duet, “I’d Give Anything to Be Everything to You”. which also featured Daniel on background vocals.

Daniel made her first recording at age 14, and by 1991, she had joined Moe Bandy's band. Signed to BNA Records (then known as BNA Entertainment) in 1993, she released her Jerry Crutchfield-produced debut album Luck of Our Own in 1994. Daniel still continues to write and live in Nashville. The title track on Daniel's album “Luck of Our Own” was covered by Keith Urban on his 1999 self-titled album.

Moe Bandy
Marion Franklin "Moe" Bandy Jr. (born February 12, 1944) is an American country music singer. He was most popular during the 1970s, when he had several hit songs, both alone and as part of a duo with Joe Stampley.
Leslie Zines
Leslie Zines AO (12 December 1930 – 31 May 2014) was an Australian scholar of constitutional law.

He studied law at the University of Sydney and  Harvard University and was admitted to practice in 1953. He spent over 30 years working at the Australian National University, becoming a professor in 1967. The first edition of his influential book The High Court and the Constitution was published in 1981. He appeared as junior counsel for Tasmania in the Tasmanian Dam Case, and his work was cited in the judgments of Deane J and Dawson J.

Zines was elected a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 1987. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 1992.

Daryl Dawson
Sir Daryl Michael Dawson (born 12 December 1933) is an Australian former judge who served as a justice of the High Court of Australia from 1982 to 1997. Before being appointed to the High Court, he served for periods as a legal officer in the Royal Australian Navy and as Solicitor-General of Victoria.
New Zealand English phonology
This article covers the phonological system of New Zealand English. While most New Zealanders speak differently depending on their level of cultivation (i.e. the closeness to Received Pronunciation), this article covers the accent as it is spoken by educated speakers, unless otherwise noted. The IPA transcription is one designed by Bauer et al. (2007) specifically to faithfully represent a New Zealand accent, which this article follows in most aspects (see table under § Transcriptions).

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Paschke
Paschke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ed Paschke (1939–2004), American painter

Jim Paschke (born 1950), American sportscaster

Karl Theodor Paschke (born 1935), former Under Secretary General for the United Nations

Markus Paschke (born 1963), German politician

Melanie Paschke (born 1970), German sprinter

Norbert Paschke, East German sprint canoer

Olive Dorothy Paschke (1905–1942), Australian military nurse

Markus Paschke
Markus Paschke (born 8 June 1963) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Lower Saxony from 2013 till 2017 and again from 2019 to October 2021.
Christopher Columbus Copy Book
A manuscript containing the transcription of nine letters apparently sent by Christopher Columbus to the Catholic Monarchs, which appeared in 1985 in Tarragona, is called the Christopher Columbus Copy Book (Spanish: Libro copiador de Cristóbal Colón). From the form of the handwriting it has been estimated that the book could date from the last third of the 16th century. Most of the nine documents are "letter-relations" that narrate the events of Columbus' various voyages of discovery to the Indies; seven were previously unknown and the other two contain a different text from what was already known.

There is no unanimity as to whether the contents of the Copy Book are the work of Columbus, but most historians accept its authenticity. If confirmed as authentic, the discovery of the Copy Book would constitute the most important discovery of documents relating to Columbus' voyages in the 20th century.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
John Erskine of Cardross
Colonel The Honourable John Edmund Erskine (30 March 1662 – 13 January 1743), of Cardross, was a Scottish soldier and politician. His journal was printed in the nineteenth century. He was nicknamed 'The Black Colonel'.

His portrait can be found hanging at Culross Palace, a property in the care of The National Trust for Scotland in the Royal Burgh of Culross.

The Honourable
The Honourable (Commonwealth English) or The Honorable (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: Hon., Hon'ble, or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people, usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions.
Elizabeth Kyazike
Elizabeth Kyazike is a Ugandan archaeologist and cultural heritage researcher. She is an Associate Professor in the Department of History, Archaeology and Heritage Studies at Kyambogo University and is Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities.

Islamic University in Uganda
The Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU) is a multi-campus university offering courses at certificate, diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The main campus of the university is in Mbale, about 222 kilometres (138 mi) north-east of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.
Kostovo
Kostovo (Russian: Костово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Stepnyanskoye Rural Settlement, Olkhovatsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 695 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

Olkhovatsky District
Olkhovatsky District (Russian: Ольхова́тский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,045 square kilometers (403 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Olkhovatka. Population: 21,565 (2021 Census); 24,218 (2010 Census); 25,841 (2002 Census); 26,386 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Olkhovatka accounts for 15.2% of the district's total population.
Kosmos 453
Kosmos 453 (Russian: Космос 453 meaning Cosmos 453), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.44, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1971 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 325-kilogram (717 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used as a radar calibration target for anti-ballistic missile tests.

Anti-ballistic missile
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to destroy in-flight ballistic missiles. They achieve this explosively (chemical or nuclear), or via hit-to-kill kinetic vehicles, which may also have self-maneuvering capabilities.

Tactical systems are widely deployed to counter short and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that carry conventional warheads.

Strategic systems, deployed by the United States, Russia, China, and Israel, are capable of intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles, typically used to carry strategic nuclear warheads. During the Cold War, the 1972 ABM Treaty limited the nuclear arms race; excessive ICBM production would have been favoured to overwhelm ABM systems. For modern strategic systems, Russia's ABMs are the only ones that are themselves armed with nuclear warheads.
Li Liuyi
Li Liuyi (Chinese: 李六乙) is a Chinese director and playwright of Beijing People's Art Theatre. His theory "Pure Drama" and his related exploration in the field are known as "Li Liuyi Methodology", which is widely acclaimed and researched. Japanese modern theater master Tadashi Suzuki (Japanese: 鈴木忠志) calls him "The most influential stage artist of Asia in the new century".

Liang Hongyu
Liang Hongyu was a Chinese general of the Song Dynasty. She became famous during the Jin–Song wars against the Jurchen-led Jin Dynasty. Her real given name was lost in time. She was simply referenced in the official Chinese history books as "Lady Liang" (梁氏). Historical details of Liang's life are sketchy, but she was known to be the wife of Han Shizhong, a Song general known for resisting invaders from the Jin Dynasty together with Yue Fei and others, and to have commanded troops at the Battle of Huangtiandang using drums to coordinate the Song forces.

Since her death, several legendary tales have emerged of her life and exploits. These tales give her the name "Hongyu" (红玉), meaning "Red Jade".
The Blob (Antarctica)
The Blob (73°24′S 124°56′W﻿ / ﻿73.400°S 124.933°W﻿ / -73.400; -124.933) is a fairly conspicuous, mound-shaped knoll that is almost completely snow-covered, standing midway between Thurston Glacier and Armour Inlet on the north coast of Siple Island. This feature was first plotted by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in January 1947. The descriptive name was suggested by a member of the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) staff on the basis of the appearance of the feature in the aerial photographs.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
2012 FIA GT1 Zolder round
The 2012 FIA GT1 Zolder round is an auto racing event held at the Circuit Zolder, Heusden-Zolder, Belgium on 20–22 April 2012, and is the second round of the 2012 FIA GT1 World Championship season.  It is the second time the FIA GT1 World Championship has visited Zolder, with defending race winners Markus Winkelhock and Marc Basseng returning for 2012 with All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport.  The event is supported by the FIA GT3 European Championship, the 2012 Supercar Challenge, and the Belgian Historic Cup.

Markus Winkelhock
Markus Winkelhock (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁ.kʊs ˈvɪŋ.kl̩.hɔk]; born 13 June 1980) is a German professional racing driver. He is the son of Manfred Winkelhock and nephew of Joachim Winkelhock, both of whom were Formula One drivers in the 1980s. During his brief Formula One career he led the 2007 European Grand Prix for several laps before retiring with mechanical problems. Having switched to sports and touring car racing, he has also won the FIA GT1 World Championship in 2012 with team-mate Marc Basseng.
Hazira Manufacturing Division
Hazira Manufacturing Division (HMD) is the manufactory of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) located at Hazira, Gujarat, India in Surat. It was commissioned in 1991–92. It is a multi-product, fully integrated complex, manufacturing a wide range of petrochemicals, polymers, polyesters and polyester intermediates. Naphtha is the main raw material of this manufactory, A Naphtha cracker facility crackes the Naphtha and feeds the downstream fiber intermediates, plastics and polyester plants. The manufactory consists integrated utilities system which includes raw water, cooling water, demineralized water, fire water, compressed air, nitrogen, steam/condensate and a Coal based Captive power plant.

Water cooling
Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. Evaporative cooling using water is often more efficient than air cooling. Water is inexpensive and non-toxic; however, it can contain impurities and cause corrosion.

Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. Water coolers utilising convective heat transfer are used inside some high-end personal computers to further lower the temperature of CPUs and other components compared to air cooling.

Other uses include the cooling of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; for cooling buildings in HVAC and in chillers.
2019 Western Athletic Conference men's soccer season
The 2019 Western Athletic Conference men's soccer season will be the 37th season of men's varsity soccer in the conference. The regular season will begin on August 30, 2019 and conclude on November 2, 2019.

The regular season will culminate with the 2019 WAC Men's Soccer Tournament, which will begin on November 8 and conclude on November 16, 2019.

2019 WAC men's soccer tournament
The 2019 WAC men's soccer tournament was the 12th edition of the tournament. It determined the Western Athletic Conference's automatic berth into the 2019 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament. The tournament began on November 13 and concluded on November 17.

Grand Canyon were the defending champions, beating Seattle U last year. The Seattle U Redhawks won the title, earning their fourth ever WAC Championship, and their fourth ever appearance into the NCAA Tournament. Seattle's sophomore goalkeeper, Akili Kasim, won the Tournament MVP honors.
National Recreation Foundation
The National Recreation Foundation (NRF) is a non-profit organization that provides and encourages youth with recreational activities to improve their quality of life. The Foundation promotes healthy lifestyles in communities across the United States by partnering with local, state and national agencies. The Foundation was begun during World War I as a way to provide men in the military with recreational activities while on leave. The NRF provides grant money to projects that are in line with its mission. This organization has awarded the Robert W. Crawford Achievement Prize annually since 2002. It goes to those who have made significant contributions to the recreation field by helping at-risk youth.

Recreation
Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".
Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council elections
Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council elections are held every four years. Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council is the local authority for the unitary authority of Stockton-on-Tees, which straddles the ceremonial counties of County Durham and North Yorkshire, England. Until 1 April 1996 it was a non-metropolitan district in Cleveland.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.