hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Debugging pattern
A debugging pattern describes a generic set of steps to rectify or correct a bug within a software system.  It is a solution to a recurring problem that is related to a particular bug or type of bug in a specific context.

A bug pattern is a particular type of pattern.  The original concept of a pattern was introduced by the architect Christopher Alexander as a design pattern.

Some examples of debugging patterns include:

Eliminate noise bug pattern – Isolate and expose a particular bug by eliminating all other noise in the system.  This enables you to concentrate on finding the real issue.

Recurring bug pattern – Expose a bug via a unit test.  Run that unit test as part of a standard build from that moment on.  This ensure that the bug will not recur.

Time-specific bug pattern – Expose the bug by writing a continuous test that runs continuously and fails when an expected error occurs.  This is useful for transient bugs.

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.
Peoples Bank Building
Peoples Bank Building is a historic bank building located at Kinston, Lenoir County, North Carolina. It was built about 1923, and is a modest two-story, cinder block building, sheathed in brick and in the Classical Revival style.  It has a flat roof with raised parapet ornamented by brick panels outlined in limestone.  The front facade features a large arched opening with a stone surround.  The building housed one of only two African-American-owned banks to operate in the city of Kinston.  The bank ceased to operate in 1931, and the building has housed a number of commercial enterprises.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Lenoir County, North Carolina
Lenoir County (/lɛˈnɔːr/ le-NOR) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 55,122. Its county seat is Kinston, located on the Neuse River, across which the county has its territory.

Lenoir County comprises the Kinston, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Ajax Animator
Ajax Animator is a free, web-based animation suite. Ajax Animator was originally intended to be a free replacement to Flash MX, but is now a general-purpose animation tool. Ajax Animator is primarily written using JavaScript, the Ext JS framework, and HTML5-related technologies such as SVG. The software can be used either from within a web browser or from an offline installation.

SVG
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector graphics format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999.

SVG images are defined in a vector graphics format and stored in XML text files. SVG images can thus be scaled in size without loss of quality, and SVG files can be searched, indexed, scripted, and compressed. The XML text files can be created and edited with text editors or vector graphics editors, and are rendered by most web browsers. SVG can include JavaScript, potentially leading to cross-site scripting.
Two-factor models of personality
The two-factor model of personality is a widely used psychological factor analysis measurement of personality, behavior and temperament. It most often consists of a matrix measuring the factor of introversion and extroversion with some form of people versus task orientation.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
American Silver Eagle mintage figures
The American Silver Eagle is a United States bullion coin that has been minted since 1986. Each coin is .999 fine silver. Circulating coins have been minted at the Philadelphia Mint, San Francisco Mint, and West Point Mint, though do not bear a mint mark. Proof and uncirculated coins do have mint marks. The reverse design was changed in 2021.

Philadelphia Mint
The Philadelphia Mint is a branch of the United States Mint in Philadelphia. It was built in 1792 following the Coinage Act of 1792, in order to establish a national identity and the needs of commerce in the United States, and is the first and oldest national mint.
Melanohalea trabeculata
Melanohalea trabeculata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described by Finnish lichenologist Teuvo Ahti in 1966 as Parmelia trabeculata. Ted Esslinger transferred the species to the new genus Melanelia in 1978, which he circumscribed to contain the brown parmeliae species. In 2004, it was moved to the newly circumscribed genus Melanohalea.

Ahti collected the type in the Cochrane District of Ontario, Canada, on the west end of Martison Lake. There he found it growing on the trunk of a large willow tree on the lake shore. He suggested that it is a strictly North American species with a transcontinental boreal range.

Melanelia
Melanelia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. These lichens typically grow on rocks and form relatively large, leaf-like structures with brown to blackish upper surfaces and pale undersides. The genus originally included many more species, but most have since been moved to related genera like Melanohalea and Melanelixia, leaving only five accepted species today.
Jamie Barrow
Jamie Barrow (born 1992) is a British snowboarder. In 2018, at the speed of 93.2 mph, he broke the Guinness World Record for the fastest speed on a snowboard while being towed by a vehicle (a Maserati Levante) in St. Moritz, Switzerland. In 2022,  Barrow broke his record for the fastest speed on a snowboard while being towed by a vehicle (an Audi e-tron GT) with a two-way average of 117.15 mph and a top speed of 131.11 mph.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Arawá language
Arawá or Aruá was a language of Brazil. Its last speaker died in 1877, before any significant documentation of the language could be completed. The only surviving documentation of the language is an 1869 word list.

The language did, however, give its name to the language family that it was a part of, which is now called the Arawan languages. This family covers the extant languages Kulina, Deni, Jamamadi, Paumari, and Suruwahá, all found in Western Brazil and Peru.

Kulina language
Kulina (also Kulína, Kulyna, Culina, Curina, Corina, Korina, Culina-Madijá, Madijá, Madija, Madiha, Madihá) is an Arawan language of Brazil and Peru spoken by about 4,000 Kulina people. With such few speakers, Kulina is considered a threatened language.
Mangalore, Victoria
Mangalore is a locality in the state of Victoria, Australia. The town is the Shire of Strathbogie local government area, and is 12km north of Seymour and one hour and 20 min  from Melbourne CBD by road. It is accessible by the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Hume Highway.

The area was named by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Anderson, commandant of the penal colony on Norfolk Island, who took up 34,000 hectares (85,000 acres) of land in the area in 1838. He called the property after the Indian military station, Mangalore, commanded by his brother, General John Anderson.

Mangalore used to be served by the Mangalore railway station, which was situated where the line to Shepparton branched from the North East line to Albury. The station was closed in the early 1980s, and the junction was moved back to Seymour in 1989. During World War II, an airfield was built in the area, which has since been upgraded to accommodate international aircraft in case Melbourne Airport is unavailable.

Penal colony
A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory. Although the term can be used to refer to a correctional facility located in a remote location, it is more commonly used to refer to communities of prisoners overseen by wardens or governors having absolute authority.

Historically, penal colonies have often been used for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of a state's (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm.
Tall Battal
Tall Battal (Arabic: تل بطال, romanized: Tall Baţţāl), also spelled Til Betal or Tal Bital, is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Situated in the northern Aqil mountains, bordering the Queiq Plain to the west, it is located halfway between al-Rai and al-Bab, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of the city of Aleppo, and 15 km (9.3 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Kilis.

Administratively the village belongs to Nahiya Akhtarin in A'zaz District. Nearby localities include Tall Jurji 5 km (3.1 mi) to the east, and Qar Kalbin 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west on the Queiq Plain. In the 2004 census, Tall Battal had a population of 656.

Syria–Turkey border
The border between the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Turkey (Arabic: الحدود السورية التركية, romanized: alhudud alsuwriat alturkia; Turkish: Suriye–Türkiye sınırı) is  909 kilometres (565 mi) long, and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the tripoint with Iraq in the east. It runs across Upper Mesopotamia for some 400 kilometres (250 mi), crossing  the Euphrates and reaching as far as the Tigris. Much of the border follows the Southern Turkish stretch of the Baghdad Railway, roughly along the 37th parallel between the 37th and 42nd eastern meridians. In the west, it almost surrounds the Turkish Hatay Province, partly following the course of the Orontes River and reaching the Mediterranean coast at the foot of Jebel Aqra. Should Turkey, which is a candidate for EU membership, accede to the EU, Syria will be a border neighbor with the European Union.
Larissa Zamotina
Larissa Vladimirovna Zamotina (Russian: Лариса Владимировна Замотина; born 25 June 1967) is a Russian former competitive figure skater who competed for the Soviet Union. She is the 1987 Winter Universiade champion, 1990 NHK Trophy bronze medalist, and two-time Soviet national bronze medalist.

Zamotina was coached by Igor Ksenofontov. After her retirement from competition, she performed with Disney on Ice, appearing in Hercules. In 2008, she was named a technical specialist for singles on the regional level at U.S. Figure Skating.She is now married and coaches at the Robert Crown ice arena. Her daughter, Alina Bonillo, has competed at the 2025 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, finishing 15th.

Figure skating at the Winter World University Games
Figure skating is a part of the FISU World University Games. It was first held as part of the Universiade in 1960. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, ice dancing, and synchronized skating.
Gibraltar Philharmonic Society
The Gibraltar Philharmonic Society is the national philharmonic society of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. They are based at Grand Casemates Square. The society arranges concerts in Gibraltar and as of 2013 has attracted notables such as the English Chamber Orchestra and soloists from the Vienna State Opera, Metropolitan Opera of New York City, the Teatro alla Scala of Milan, the Royal Opera House of Covent Garden, London, and the Berlin State Opera. In October 2012 the Riga New String Quartet were invited by the society to perform in Gibraltar.

Berlin State Opera
The Staatsoper Unter den Linden (lit. State Opera under the Lime Trees), also known as the Berlin State Opera (German: Staatsoper Berlin), is a listed building on Unter den Linden boulevard in the historic center of Berlin, Germany. The opera house was built by order of Prussian king Frederick the Great from 1741 to 1743 according to plans by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff in the Palladian style. Damaged during the Allied bombing in World War II, the former Royal Prussian Opera House was rebuilt from 1951 to 1955 as part of the Forum Fridericianum square in East Berlin.

Nicknamed Lindenoper, it is "the world's oldest state opera" and "the first theater anywhere to be, by itself, a prominent, freestanding monumental building in a city."
Southwick, Ooty
Southwick is a suburb in Ooty town.  It is located on the NH 67 road from Ooty to Coonoor at about 3 km from the bus stand in Ooty.  The suburb falls within the Ooty municipality in Tamil Nadu, India. It has derived its name from the Southwick Bungalow in the suburb.

Coonoor
Coonoor or Kunnur (Tamil: [kunːuːr] ⓘ), is a taluk and a municipal town of the Nilgiris District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of 2011, the town had a population of 45,494. The town, located in the Nilgiri plateau, is at the head of the Coonoor Ghat, the principal pass connecting the Nilgiris to the plains. It is 363 miles (584 km) by rail from Chennai and 12 miles (19 km) from Ooty. The town is built within the picturesque Jackatalla valley (Jagathala), surrounded by wooded hills.
Substance Abuse (band)
Substance Abuse is a Los Angeles based hip-hop group consisting of the duo Subz (Justin Hollingsworth) and Eso Tre (John Heath).  The group dropped their debut single "What The F**K You Rhymin' For?" in 2000 on the now defunct Ground Control Records, which was followed by the single "Can't Call It"/"No Guarantees" featuring P.E.A.C.E. and Thes One on Weapon Shaped Records.   Their debut album, Overproof, was released in 2006, and features cameos from Kool Keith, MF Doom, Motion Man, Saafir, and Rasco.  The album received four stars in URB and Scratch Magazine.  The group  released their sophomore effort, Background Music, featuring Tash, MC Eiht, KRS-One, Sadat X, Percee P, Myka 9, and Max Julien in 2013.  In 2016, they released the follow-up EP, "Background Music: The Redux."

Peace (rapper)
Mtulazaji Issan Davis (June 15, 1974 – October 24, 2025), better known by his stage name P.E.A.C.E., was an American rapper from Los Angeles, California. He was a member of Freestyle Fellowship along with Aceyalone, Myka 9 and Self Jupiter. He released two solo albums.
Praseodymium(III) carbonate
Praseodymium(III) carbonate is an inorganic compound, with a chemical formula of Pr2(CO3)3. The anhydrous form is olive green, and many of its hydrates such as heptahydrate and octahydrate are known. They are all insoluble in water.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Peraza family
The Peraza family was a Castilian noble family of conquistadors, territorial lords, counts, and governors that were a significant force in the history and conquest of the Canary Islands during the Age of Discovery in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

The Canary Islands were first politically unified into a single governance under their rule, though their holdings would fragment and influence would wane over time. Due to their role in the Islands' political history, they are among the oldest recorded family lineages on the Canaries.

La Palma (Parliament of the Canary Islands constituency)
La Palma is one of the seven constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Parliament of the Canary Islands, the regional legislature of the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands. The constituency currently elects 8 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the island of La Palma. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of fifteen percent in the constituency or four percent regionally.
Uni-President International Tower
The Uni-President International Tower (Chinese: 統一國際大樓) is a skyscraper located in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. It is the fifth tallest in Xinyi Special District (after Taipei 101, Taipei Nan Shan Plaza, Cathay Landmark and Farglory Financial Center). The height of building is 154 m (505 ft), the floor area is 116,773.91 m2 (1,256,943.9 sq ft), and it comprises 30 floors above ground, as well as 7 basement levels. It houses the Australian Office in Taipei, British Office Taipei, and Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office. The lower level shopping mall is operated by Eslite (Eslite Xinyi, Chinese: 誠品信義).

Xinyi District, Taipei
Xinyi District or Sinyi District is a district of Taipei, Taiwan.

Xinyi District includes Taipei 101, Taipei International Convention Center, Taipei World Trade Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and various shopping malls and entertainment venues.
Bulat Darbekov
Bulat Kerimzhanovich Darbekov (born October 21, 1957) is a retired Kazakh general. He served as the First Deputy Minister of Defense and the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan from 2003 to 2007. He was also the Chief of the Joint Staff of the Collective Security Treaty Organization from 2004 to 2005.

Chief of the Joint Staff of the Collective Security Treaty Organization
The Chief of the Joint Staff (Russian: Начальник Объединенного штаба) is the official responsible for military cooperation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) member states and the operations and training of the Collective Rapid Reaction Force. The position was established in 2003, and until 2012 it was simultaneously held by one of the chiefs of staff of the armed forces of CSTO member states. Since then it has been held by a dedicated officer.
2019–20 North Superleague
The 2019–20 North Superleague (known as the McBookie.com North Superleague for sponsorship reasons) was the 19th season of the North Superleague, the top tier of league competition for SJFA North Region member clubs. Banks O' Dee were the reigning champions.

On 13 March 2020, the Scottish football season was suspended with immediate effect due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On 1 May 2020, SJFA North Region clubs voted to declare declared the 2019–20 season null and void.

Scottish Junior Football Association, North Region
The Scottish Junior Football Association, North Region  was one of the two regions of the Scottish Junior Football Association. Its area covered Grampian and Moray as well as part of the Highland and Angus council areas – from Montrose in the south to Nairn in the west. The North Region featured three region-wide divisions, having reverted from the previous setup of two regional divisions below the North Superleague used for five seasons prior to 2018. It replaced the North Junior Football League (1968 to 2001) which had a similar territory and structure. On 5 July 2021, it was announced that the North Region leagues are joined from tier 6 by the North Caledonian League and Midlands League to form a fully-integrated lower tiers below the Highland League from 2021-22. In 2025 the league severed its membership with the Scottish Junior FA and became affiliated directly with the Scottish FA instead, altering its name to the North of Scotland Football League.
West Newlandside Meadows
West Newlandside Meadows is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Wear Valley district of County Durham, England. It lies 3 km south-west of the village of Stanhope.

The area is drained by two small burns, tributaries of the River Wear and consists of several fields that are managed as traditional northern hay meadows, a habitat that is threatened by intensive agricultural practices.

The meadows are rich in grassland species: the nationally rare northern hawk's beard, Crepis mollis, is plentiful, and the locally rare adder's tongue, Ophioglossum vulgatum, and frog orchid, Coeloglossum viride, are also present.

A different vegetation is found where there are banks that are too steep to be cut; here the calcareous soils support such species as fairy flax, Linum catharticum, harebell, Campanula rotundifolia, and mountain pansy, Viola lutea.

Wear Valley
Wear Valley was, from 1974 to 2009, a local government district in County Durham, England. Its council and district capital was Crook.

The district covered much of the Weardale area. In the west it was parished and rural, whereas in the east it was more urban. Crook and Willington are unparished.

The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of the Bishop Auckland, Crook and Willington and Tow Law urban districts, along with Weardale Rural District.

The district was abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England, becoming part of the Durham County Council unitary authority.

Wear Valley had a population of around 65,000 in 2001.
Edelgard Mahant
Edelgard Elspeth Mahant is a Canadian academic, who teaches political science at York University's Glendon College in Toronto, Ontario and University of Botswana.

She formerly taught at Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario, where she was also the Ontario Liberal Party candidate in the electoral district of Sudbury East in the 1985 provincial election.

Laurentian University
Laurentian University (French: Université Laurentienne), officially Laurentian University of Sudbury, is a mid-sized bilingual public university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, incorporated on March 28, 1960. Laurentian offers a variety of undergraduate, graduate-level, and doctorate degrees. Laurentian is the largest bilingual provider of distance education in Canada. The university was formerly federated with Thorneloe University, Huntington University, and the University of Sudbury.  Laurentian severed the federation during 2021 insolvency proceedings, ending 60-year relationships, and triggering lawsuits.
Tristan Smyth
Tristan Smyth (born May 31, 1986) is a Canadian Paralympic athlete who competes in the T54 category.  Smith represented his home country at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, where he won the bronze medal in the Men's 4 × 400 metres relay.

T54 (classification)
T54 is  a disability sport classification for disability athletics in the track and jump events.  The class includes people with spinal cord injuries who compete using a wheelchair in track events.  They have paraplegia, but have normal hand and arm function, normal or limited trunk function, and no leg function.  This class includes CP-ISRA classes CP3 and CP4, and some athletes in ISOD classes A1, A2 and A3.