hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Circular 10/65
Circular 10/65 was a government circular issued in 1965 by the Department of Education and Science (DES) requesting Local Education Authorities (LEAs) in England and Wales to begin converting their secondary schools to the Comprehensive System. For most of England and Wales, it marked the abolition of the old grammar schools and secondary moderns, and the 11-plus examination.  Circular 10/65 was the initiative of recently appointed Education Secretary Anthony Crosland; it is sometimes called the Crosland Circular. It reflected the Labour government's view that the existing Tripartite System of education was flawed, and had to be replaced with comprehensive schools, which had been increasing in number over the previous sixteen years.

Department for Education and Skills (United Kingdom)
The Department for Education and Skills (DfES) was a United Kingdom government department between 2001 and 2007,  responsible for the education system (including higher education and adult learning) as well as children's services in England.

The department was led by Secretary of State for Education and Skills.

The DfES had offices at four main locations: London (both at the Sanctuary Buildings and Caxton House), Sheffield (Moorfoot),  Darlington (Mowden Hall), and Runcorn (Castle View House). The DfES was also represented in regional Government Offices.

The DfES had jurisdiction only in England as education was the responsibility of the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and the Northern Ireland Assembly.

On 28 June 2007, the DfES was split up into the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. The DCSF was later reorganised as the Department for Education in 2010.
Calvana
The Calvana is an Italian breed of cattle from Tuscany, in central Italy. It is particularly associated with the Calvana region in the provinces of Florence and Prato, but is also raised in the provinces of Pistoia and Siena.

Province of Pistoia
The province of Pistoia (Italian: provincia di Pistoia) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Spread across 964.12 square kilometres (372.25 mi2), it is a landlocked province with the seat at the city of Pistoia. It had a population of 291,788 inhabitants as of 2015.
2007 Bausch & Lomb Championships
The 2007 Bausch & Lomb Championships was the 28th edition of that tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts.  The tournament was classified as a Tier II event on the 2007 WTA Tour. The event took place at the Racquet Park at the Amelia Island Plantation, in Amelia Island, Florida, U.S. from April 2 through April 8, 2007. Tatiana Golovin won the singles title.

Amelia Island
Amelia Island is a part of the Sea Islands chain that stretches along the East Coast of the United States from South Carolina to Florida; it is the southernmost of the Sea Islands, and the northernmost of the barrier islands on Florida's Atlantic coast. Lying in Nassau County, Florida, it is 13 miles (21 km) long and approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) wide at its widest point. The communities of Fernandina Beach, Amelia City, and American Beach are located on the island, and it is in the Jacksonville metropolitan area.
Félix Delamarche
Félix Delamarche was a French geographer and engineer who flourished during the 18th century and early 19th century.  His father was the map publisher Charles Francois Delamarche.

Félix Delamarche became the owner of his father's map publishing company, Maison Delamarche. He ran the company alongside cartographer Charles Dien. The firm would eventually be passed down to Alexandre Delamarche. Delamarche created Atlas de la géographie ancienne et moderne in 1820. The atlas was reprinted during the 19th century. It was utilized by the Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr. His work is held in the collection of the Library of Congress.

Atlas
An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or of a continent or region of Earth. Advances in astronomy have also resulted in atlases of the celestial sphere or of other planets.

Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today, many atlases are in multimedia formats. In addition to presenting geographical features and political boundaries, many atlases often feature geopolitical, social, religious, and economic statistics. They also have information about the map and places in it.
Beaumont, California
Beaumont is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, located at the summit of the San Gorgonio Pass, between the San Bernardino Mountains and Mount San Gorgonio to the north, and the San Jacinto Mountains to the south. Around 18 miles (30 kilometers) east-southeast of Beaumont is Mount San Jacinto, which is part of the San Jacinto Mountains and visible from the city.

As of the 2020 census, Beaumont had a population of 53,036.

San Jacinto Peak
San Jacinto Peak (/ˌsæn həˈsɪntoʊ, - dʒəˈ-, - jəˈ-/  SAN hə-SIN-toh, -⁠ jə-, -⁠ yə-; often designated Mount San Jacinto) is a 10,834 ft (3,302 m) peak in the San Jacinto Mountains, in Riverside County, California. Lying within Mount San Jacinto State Park it is the highest both in the range and the county, and serves as the southern border of the San Gorgonio Pass.

San Jacinto Peak is one of the most topographically prominent peaks in the United States, and is ranked the sixth most prominent peak in the 48 contiguous states. According to John W. Robinson and Bruce D. Risher, authors of The San Jacintos, "No Southern California hiker worth his salt would miss climbing 'San Jack' at least once."

Known for its spectacular north escarpment, the peak rises over 8,000 feet (2,400 m) above San Gorgonio Pass. It plays host to the famous Cactus to Clouds Trail.
LIV Golf UK
The LIV Golf UK (formerly LIV Golf London) is a golf tournament that is held in the United Kingdom. The inaugural tournament was held in June 2022 at the Centurion Club near Hemel Hempstead, England, as part of the LIV Golf Invitational Series, a golf series led by Greg Norman and funded by the Saudi Arabian Public Investment Fund. The 2022 48-player field included Phil Mickelson, Dustin Johnson, Sergio García, and Kevin Na.

Charl Schwartzel won the inaugural event, finishing one shot ahead of Hennie du Plessis.

Hemel Hempstead
Hemel Hempstead (/ˌhɛməl ˈhɛmpstɪd/) is a town in the Dacorum district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located 24 miles (39 km) north-west of London; nearby towns and cities include Watford, St Albans and Berkhamsted. The population at the 2021 census was 95,961.

Hemel Hempstead has existed since at least the 8th century and was granted its town charter by Henry VIII in 1539. It has expanded and developed in recent decades after being designated as a New Town after the end of the Second World War.
Farce of the Penguins
Farce of the Penguins is a 2007 American mockumentary written and directed by Full House star Bob Saget. It is a parody of the French feature-length nature documentary March of the Penguins directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet. The film features Samuel L. Jackson as narrator, with the two main characters voiced by Saget and Lewis Black. Five of Saget's former Full House co-stars also lent their voices to the film.

Additional voices were also provided by Tracy Morgan, Christina Applegate, James Belushi, Whoopi Goldberg, Dane Cook, Abe Vigoda, Mo'Nique, David Koechner, Jamie Kennedy, Harvey Fierstein, Alyson Hannigan, and others.

Luc Jacquet
Luc Jacquet (French pronunciation: [lyk ʒakɛ]; born 5 December 1967) is a French film director and screenwriter. He wrote and directed the film March of the Penguins, which won an Oscar for Best Documentary Feature in 2006 and received a nomination for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay. He also directed The Fox and the Child. It was released in Britain and Ireland in slightly re-edited dubbed English-language version with narration by Kate Winslet, and was released in the United States on 29 February 2008.

His 2015 film Ice and the Sky was selected to close the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.
Nordia 2017
The Nordia 2017 Stamp Exhibition was an international stamp exhibition held 27–29 October 2017 at the Spektrum and DGI-Huset in Vejle, Denmark. The exhibition was granted patronage from the Federation of European Philatelic Associations (FEPA).

The event included the 4th International Polar Philatelic Exhibition.

Vejle
Vejle (Danish pronunciation: [ˈvɑjlə]) is a city in Denmark, in the southeast of the Jutland Peninsula at the head of Vejle Fjord, where the Vejle River and Grejs River and their valleys converge.  It is the site of the councils of Vejle Municipality (kommune) and the Region of Southern Denmark. The city has a population of 62,011 (As of January 1. 2025), making it the ninth largest city in Denmark. 
Vejle Municipality has a population of 122,433 (as of January 2025), making it the fifth most populous municipality in Denmark. The city is part of the Triangle Region, which includes the neighbouring cities of Kolding and Fredericia. Vejle is located 110 kilometres (68 miles) north of Germany, 70 kilometres  (43,5 miles) from Aarhus and 240 kilometres (149 miles) from the capital Copenhagen.

Vejle is most known for its forested hills, wetlands, Vejle fjord, harbour, shopping, pedestrian street, windmill, and newly built award winning architecture.
Ruxandra Dragomir
Ruxandra Dragomir Ilie (born 24 October 1972) is a retired tennis player from Romania.

She won four singles and five doubles titles on the WTA Tour during her career. The right-hander reached her highest individual WTA ranking on 25 August 1997, when she became the No. 15 of the world. Between 2009 and 2013 she was the president of Romanian Tennis Federation. Her best performance at a Grand Slam tournament came when she got to the quarterfinals of the 1997 French Open, defeating Sonya Jeyaseelan, Yayuk Basuki, Karina Habšudová and Nicole Arendt, before losing to the eventual champion, Iva Majoli.

Dragomir retired from professional tennis in 2005.

1997 French Open – Women's singles
Iva Majoli defeated Martina Hingis in the final, 6–4, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1997 French Open. It was her first and only major title, becoming the first Croat to win a singles major. Hingis' defeat ended her unbeaten 35-match start to the season, and was her only loss at the majors in the 1997 season.

Steffi Graf was the two-time defending champion, but lost to Amanda Coetzer in the quarterfinals. It was the second consecutive major where Coetzer defeated Graf, after the 1997 Australian Open.

This tournament marked the major debut of future world No. 1 and seven-time major champion Venus Williams; she was defeated in the second round by Nathalie Tauziat.
Percival Cyril Hubbard
Percival Cyril Hubbard (1902 - 1961) was a British expatriate who was a justice at the Supreme Court of Nigeria.

Hubbard was born on 6 April 1902. He was educated at Mill Hill School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He was called to the bar in 1925 and in 1930, he was appointed Chief Magistrate and legal adviser in the British Solomon Islands. Hubbard transferred to Palestine to become a Chief Magistrate in 1934 and was president of District High Courts, Palestine in 1945. In 1949, he moved to Nigeria to become puisne judge.

Mill Hill School
Mill Hill School is a 13–18 co-educational private, day and boarding school in Mill Hill, London, England that was established in 1807. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Chris Mace
Sir Christopher Robert Mace KNZM (born 1943 or 1944) is a New Zealand businessman. In the 2005 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the Antarctic and the community, and in the 2016 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was promoted to Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to science and education.

Mace served as chair of the board of Antarctica New Zealand from its establishment in 1996 until 2003, and Mount Mace in Antarctica is named in his honour.

In 2015, Mace was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.

New Zealand Business Hall of Fame
The New Zealand Business Hall of Fame is a figurative hall of fame dedicated to New Zealanders who have made a significant contribution to the economic and social development of New Zealand. The hall was established in 1994 by the Young Enterprise Trust. Laureates are selected by an independent panel and are inducted at an annual gala dinner.
Henryk Szlązak
Henryk Szlązak (3 March 1913 – 30 September 1944) was a Polish wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman featherweight at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was killed in the Warsaw Uprising during World War II.

Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman featherweight
The men's Greco-Roman featherweight competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin took place from 6 August to 9 August at the Deutschlandhalle. Nations were limited to one competitor. This weight class was limited to wrestlers weighing up to 61 kg.

This Greco-Roman wrestling competition continued to use the "bad points" elimination system introduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics, with a slight modification. Each round featured all wrestlers pairing off and wrestling one bout (with one wrestler having a bye if there were an odd number). The loser received 3 points if the loss was by fall or unanimous decision and 2 points if the decision was 2-1 (this was the modification from prior years, where all losses were 3 points). The winner received 1 point if the win was by decision and 0 points if the win was by fall. At the end of each round, any wrestler with at least 5 points was eliminated.
Rashantha Sureshchandra
Rashantha Sureshchandra (born 3 April 1978) is a Sri Lankan former cricketer. He played in 40 first-class and 18 List A matches between 1998/99 and 2005/06. He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.

Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club
Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club is a first-class cricket team in Sri Lanka. They made their first-class debut in 1991 against Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club at Nondescripts Cricket Club Ground in Colombo.

In the 1993/94 season, they were bowled out for 31 runs in one of their innings in a match against Sinhalese Sports Club, the joint-lowest total in Sri Lankan first-class cricket history.
Yunus Sarı
Yunus Sarı (born January 21, 1991) is a Turkish taekwondo practitioner competing in the welterweight division. He is a member of Ulaştırmaspor, a club of the Ministry of Transport.Athlete is student of physical education and sports at Selçuk University in Konya. His two brothers Ali and Talha are also successful taekwondo practitioners.

He won the silver medal in the welterweight division at the 2011 World Taekwondo Championships held in Gyeongju, South Korea. At the 2013 Mediterranean Games held in Mersin, Turkey, he won the bronze medal in the 80 kg event.

Taekwondo at the 2013 Mediterranean Games
The taekwondo competitions at the 2013 Mediterranean Games in Mersin took place between 21 June and 23 June at the Edip Buran Sports Hall. This was the first time that taekwondo was held at the Mediterranean Games.

Athletes competed in 8 weight categories.
Vern Yocum
George Vernon "Vern" Yocum (April 15, 1909 – September 13, 1991) is best known as copyist and librarian for Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole, and Nelson Riddle. Many of the top artists of the mid-20th century relied on Vern Yocum's Music Service, which was walking distance from the Capitol Records Tower. His client list included: Frankie Laine, Billy Eckstine, Ella Fitzgerald, Rosemary Clooney, Mel Tormé, Peggy Lee, Steve Lawrence & Eydie Gorme, Keely Smith, Sammy Davis Jr., Trini Lopez, Nancy Wilson, Leslie Uggams, Roy Clark, and Julie Andrews.

Trini Lopez
Trinidad López III (May 15, 1937 – August 11, 2020), known as Trini Lopez, was an American singer and guitarist. His first album included a cover version of Pete Seeger's "If I Had a Hammer", which earned a gold disc for him. His other hits included "Lemon Tree", "I'm Comin' Home, Cindy" and "Sally Was a Good Old Girl". He designed two guitars for the Gibson Guitar Corporation, which are now collector's items. A documentary on his life and career, My Name Is Lopez, was released in April 2022.
Ambient IoT
Ambient IoT, from ambient and Internet of things, is a concept originally coined by 3GPP that is used in the technology industry referring to an ecosystem of a large number of objects in which every item is connected into a wireless sensor network using low-cost self-powered sensor nodes. Bluetooth SIG has assessed the total addressable market of Ambient IoT to be more than 10 trillion devices across different verticals.

The applications of Ambient IoT include making supply chains for food and medicine more efficient and sustainable, protecting from counterfeiting and delivering the data required for advanced transportation and smart city initiatives. Ambient IoT has been called "the original vision for the IoT" by U.S. Department of Commerce IoT Advisory Board chair Benson Chan.

Standards for Ambient IoT are being considered by 3GPP, IEEE and Bluetooth SIG.

Walmart announced a major deployment of ambient IoT sensors in October 2025.

Horizontal and vertical market
A vertical market is a market in which vendors offer goods and services specific to an industry, trade, profession, or other group of customers with specialized needs.

A horizontal market is a market in which a product or service meets the needs of a wide range of buyers across different sectors of an economy.
Lichtetal am Rennsteig
Lichtetal am Rennsteig is a former municipal association (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of government was in Lichte (in the Wallendorf section). It was disbanded in January 2019.

The municipal association consisted of the following municipalities:

Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt is a Kreis (district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Weimarer Land, Saale-Holzland, Saale-Orla, the district Kronach in Bavaria, and the districts Sonneberg, Hildburghausen and Ilm-Kreis.
Frederick County Poor Farm
Frederick County Poor Farm, also known as the Frederick County Poorhouse, is a historic poor farm complex located in Round Hill, Frederick County, Virginia. The main building, erected in 1820, is a Federal-style building that consists of a two-story brick main block and original lateral one-story brick wings with gable roofs. A nearly identical building is at the Shenandoah County Farm. Also on the property are a contributing brick spring house, secondary dwelling, blacksmith shop, storage building, poultry house, and board-and-batten outbuilding. The Frederick County Poor Farm remained open until 1947.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Batten
A batten is most commonly a strip of solid material, historically  wood but can also be of plastic, metal, or fiberglass.  Battens are variously used in construction, sailing, and other fields.

In the lighting industry, battens refer to linear  light fittings.

In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
Jonathan Lynam
Jonathan Lynam is a Gaelic footballer who plays for The Downs at club level and for Westmeath county team at senior level.

He made his debut for Westmeath senior team in a match against Kildare in the 2022 O'Byrne Cup in Newbridge. Lynam's first start came in the 2022 National League opening game against Wicklow. By the end of the season,  he could count himself as a Tailteann Cup champion. In the first game of the Tailteann Cup, he was involved in an incident that resulted in a Laois player receiving a second yellow card, reducing Laois to 14 players.

2022 O'Byrne Cup
The 2022 O'Byrne Cup was a Gaelic football tournament played by eleven county teams of Leinster GAA in January 2022; Kilkenny did not take part. Longford were the holders.

A new rule limits the number of substitutions a team can make; players taken off cannot return, capping the number of changes at 11.

Dublin were the winners.

The opening round game between Meath and Wicklow was called off, with Wicklow infected by COVID-19.

Also Carlow vs Westmeath game was cancelled for the same reason.
2010 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships – Doubles
The 2010 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. The 18th edition of the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships, it was part of the International Series of the 2010 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Delray Beach Tennis Center in Delray Beach, Florida, United States, from February 22 through February 28, 2010. Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions and they won in the final 6–3, 7–6(7–3), against Philipp Marx and Igor Zelenay.

Philipp Marx
Philipp Marx (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːlɪp ˈmaʁks]; born 3 February 1982) is a German professional tennis player. Marx competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ATP World Tour, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking, No. 300, on April 3, 2006, and his highest ATP doubles ranking, No. 53, on 27 September 2010.
Megan Alatini
Megan Bronwinne Alatini (née Cassie, born 29 September 1976) is a South African-born, New Zealand pop singer, actress and television personality. She rose to fame in New Zealand on the reality television series Popstars. She went on to become a member in the girl group TrueBliss. She is also known for portraying the part of Java in the popular sci-fi series The Tribe. Later she gained more exposure appearing as a judge on New Zealand Idol.

Young Hercules
Young Hercules is a prequel series to the television series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys that originally aired on Fox Kids Network. After a pilot film aired on Feb. 17, 1998, the series  premiered on September 12, 1998, and ended on May 14, 1999, with a total of 50 episodes over the course of one season. It stars Ryan Gosling in the title role, who took over from Ian Bohen who starred in the pilot movie and four episodes of Hercules: The Legendary Journeys. The series was inspired by the Greek myths of Heracles.
Värmland Regiment
The Värmland Regiment (Swedish: Värmlands regemente), designations I 22, I 2 and I 2/Fo 52, was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that traces its origins back to the 16th century. The regiment's soldiers were originally recruited from the province of Värmland, where the unit was later garrisoned. The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000.

Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Swedish: Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years.
Callaeum
Callaeum is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. Callaeum comprises 11 species of woody vines and shrubs occurring from western Texas to Mexico, Central America, and South America. Two species, C. macropterum and C. septentrionale are cultivated as ornamentals in Arizona and California.

Malpighiales
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants. The order is very diverse, with well-known members including willows, violets, poplars, corpse flower, coca plant, cassava, rubber tree, castor bean, spurges, flaxseed, Saint John's wort, passionfruit, mangosteen, and manchineel tree.

The order is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology and the relationships of its diverse members can be hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.

The Malpighiales contain about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.