hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based medical ethics
Evidence-based medical ethics is a form of medical ethics that uses knowledge from ethical principles, legal precedent, and evidence-based medicine to draw solutions to ethical dilemmas in the health care field.  Sometimes this is also referred to as argument-based medical ethics.  It is also the title of the book Evidence-Based Medical Ethics: Cases for Practice-Based Learning by John E. Snyder and Candace C. Gauthier, published by Humana-Springer Press in 2008 (ISBN 978-1-60327-245-2). While seen as a promising new approach to bioethical problem solving by many, it has also been criticized for misrepresenting ethical problems as problems that can be solved by appeal to the evidence as the "bottom line".

Humana
Humana Inc. is an American for-profit health insurance company based in Louisville, Kentucky. In 2024, the company ranked 92 on the Fortune 500 list, which made it the highest ranked (by revenues) company based in Kentucky. It is the fourth largest health insurance provider in the U.S.
Varnavino
Varnavino (Russian: Варнавино) is the name of several urban and rural inhabited localities (urban-type settlements, work settlements, and villages) in Russia.

Urban localities

Varnavino, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a work settlement in Varnavinsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Rural localities

Varnavino, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Udimsky Selsoviet of Kotlassky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Varnavino, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Shapovskoye Rural Settlement of Demidovsky District of Smolensk Oblast

Varnavino, Vologda Oblast, a village in Timanovsky Selsoviet of Babushkinsky District of Vologda Oblast

Kotlassky District
Kotlassky District (Russian: Ко́тласский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kotlassky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Krasnoborsky District in the north, Lensky District in the northeast, Vilegodsky District in the east, Luzsky District of Kirov Oblast and Velikoustyugsky District of Vologda Oblast in the south, and with Ustyansky District in the west. The area of the district is 6,300 square kilometers (2,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kotlas (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  21,005 (2010 Census); 24,964 (2002 Census); 32,800 (1989 Soviet census).
American Dairy Goat Association
The American Dairy Goat Association or ADGA is a United States not-for-profit corporation dedicated to dairy goats.  Its purpose is to promote the dairy goat industry, by providing and circulating sound information about goats and goat's milk; maintaining and publishing herd books and production records of milk goats; and issuing certificates of registration and recordation; improving and developing the milk goat breeds; and providing publicity and service for the goat dairying industry.  The principal operation of the corporation is in Columbia, Missouri, and its headquarters are in Spindale, North Carolina.

Dairy
A dairy is a place where milk is stored and where butter, cheese, and other dairy products are made, or a place where those products are sold.: 325 : 284  It may be a room, a building, or a larger establishment.: 284  In the United States, the word may also describe a dairy farm or the part of a mixed farm dedicated to milk for human consumption,: 284  whether from cows, buffaloes, goats, yaks, sheep, horses or camels.

The attributive dairy describes milk-based products, derivatives, and processes, and the animals and workers involved in their production, for example dairyman, dairymaid, dairy cattle or dairy goat. A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products. These establishments constitute the global dairy industry, part of the food industry.

The word dairy comes from an Old English word for female servant, as milking was historically done by dairymaids.
Chesapeake Western Railway
The Chesapeake Western Railway (reporting mark CHW) is an intrastate railroad in west-central Virginia and an operating subsidiary of the Norfolk Southern Railway. Previously an independent railroad which began operation in 1896, the line technically survives as part of Norfolk Southern. The line was locally known as the "Crooked and Weedy" and "General Robert E. Lee’s Railroad" during its independent operation.

Elkton, Virginia
Elkton (formerly Conrad's Store) is an incorporated town in Rockingham County, Virginia, United States. It is included in the Harrisonburg metropolitan area. The population was 2,941 at the 2020 census and 2,762 at the 2010 census. Elkton was named for the Elk Run stream.

It is located along the South Fork of the Shenandoah River at the intersections of east-west U.S. Route 33 and north-south U.S. Route 340. The town celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2008.
Helma
Helma is a feminine German or Dutch given name, and a Czech surname.  Notable persons with that name include:

Helma Knorscheidt (born 1956), East German shot putter

Helma Lehmann (born 1953), German rower

Helma Neppérus (born 1950), Dutch politician

Helma Orosz (born 1953), German politician

Helma Sanders-Brahms (1940–2014), German film director

Helma Knorscheidt
Helma Knorscheidt (born 31 December 1956 in Nauendorf, Saxony-Anhalt) is an East German shot putter.

She competed for the sports club SC Chemie Halle during her active career.

As a veteran Helma Knorscheidt (now married Teuscher) is active as well. She took part at several World Masters Athletics Championships and European Veterans Athletics Championships. She was most successful by winning the shot put competition age group W50 at World Championships 2007 in Riccione (Italy) (14,40 m using 3 kg shot) and gaining the world record in same age group at European Championship 2008 in Ljubljana (result 14,94 m)(excelled in 2009 by Alexandra Marghieva)
1880–81 United States Senate elections
The 1880–81 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with the presidential election of 1880. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1880 and 1881, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

The Democratic Party lost five seats. The newly elected Readjuster senator William Mahone caucused with the Republicans, and the Republican Vice President's tie-breaking vote gave the Republicans the slightest majority. This changed when Vice President Chester Arthur ascended to the Presidency on September 19, 1881: with the Vice Presidency vacant during the remainder of Arthur's term, the Senate became evenly divided for the first of four times in history.

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were appointed by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and became part of the Constitution upon ratification by three-quarters (36) of the state legislatures: on April 8, 1913. Sitting senators were not affected until their existing terms expired. The transition began with two special elections in Georgia and in Maryland, then in earnest with the November 1914 election; it was complete on March 4, 1919, when the senators chosen by the November 1918 election took office.
The Perfect Little Door
The Perfect Little Door is CD EP by the band Portastatic. It was released on the Merge Records label in 2001.

According to the Merge Records website, the EP is "a collaboration between Mac McCaughan (Superchunk, Portastatic, etc) and Ken Vandermark (reed player extraordinaire) plus Tim Mulvenna (multi-faceted percussion)."

The five-song EP consists of new versions of three previously recorded Portastatic songs; a new version of Ken Vandermark's song "Late Night Wait Around"; and one entirely new song, "Hey Salty" (which would later appear in a re-worked version of its own on the Portstatic LP Summer of the Shark (2003).

The EP was recorded at Electrical Audio in Chicago, Illinois, while the band was in town for Noise Pop 2001.

Ken Vandermark
Ken Vandermark (born September 22, 1964) is an American composer, saxophonist, and clarinetist.

A fixture on the Chicago-area music scene since the 1990s, Vandermark has earned wide critical praise for his playing and his multilayered compositions, which typically balance intricate orchestration with passionate improvisation. He has led or been a member of many groups, has collaborated with many other musicians, and was awarded a 1999 MacArthur Fellowship. He plays tenor saxophone, clarinet, bass clarinet, and baritone saxophone.

He was also a member of NRG Ensemble.
Barnard (cyclecar)
The Barnard was a British cyclecar manufactured by A Ward of Whitechapel Road, London, between 1921 and 1922.

Two versions of the car were produced and advertised – a touring and a sports model. They were both powered by an 1169 cc straight four air-cooled motorcycle engine by the American Henderson motorcycle company. The gearbox had three forward speeds and no reverse coupled to the engine through a multi-plate clutch in an oil bath.  Drive to the rear axle was by chain. The engine was started by a kick starter.

The cyclecar body featured a dummy bullnose radiator and side-by-side twin seats. The sports model had a full-length exhaust running the length of the outside of the car on the driver's side, as well as twin spare wheels mounted on top of the tail.  The Tourer model cost £168 and the Sports model £188.

Spare tire
A spare tire (or stepney in some countries) is an additional tire (or tyre - see spelling differences) carried in a motor vehicle as a replacement for one that goes flat, has a blowout, or has another emergency. Spare tire is generally a misnomer, as almost all vehicles actually carry an entire wheel with a tire mounted on it as a spare rather than just a tire, as fitting a tire to a wheel would require a motorist to carry additional, specialized equipment. However, some spare tires ("space-saver" and "donut" types) are not meant to be driven long distances. Space-savers have a maximum speed of around 50 mph (80 km/h).

When replacing a damaged tire, placing the compact spare on a non-drive axle will prevent damage to the drivetrain.  If placed on a drivetrain axle, the smaller-diameter tire can put stress on the differential causing damage and reducing handling.
Shadowseeds
Shadowseeds II  is a dark wave/esoterical musical project consisting of Thomas Karlsson and Tommie Eriksson, who before 1999 spelled his name Tommy Eriksson.

Shadowseeds released their first album The Dream of Lilith in 1995 on Dark Age/Megarock Records. The album was hardly at all promoted by the label and it sank with inertia into an esoteric underground cult status.

In 2002, after exactly seven years of silence, the project was resurrected.

Thomas wrote a unique text about the 17th-century Swedish occultist Johannes Bureus which created the basis for a live performance at the Ecstatic Society/Fylkingen in Stockholm together with acts like Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio and Coph Nia.

In March 2003 Shadowseeds II performed at the Pandemonium Club in Gothenburg. In 2004 the first release was out based on the live performances. The CD-r is titled Der Mitternacht Löwe and the sleeve is designed into a limited edition envelope shaped cover that captures the old tradition of the concept.

Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio
Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio (ORE) is a neofolk, military pop and martial industrial music group from Stockholm. The band is composed of its founding member and vocalist Tomas Pettersson, and Rose-Marie Larsen, who replaced Chelsea Krook on backup vocals. In 2008 Fredrik Leijström and Ronnie Bäck joined the band on bass and guitar.
Astyochus
Astyochus or Astyochos (Greek: Ἀστύοχος) was a Spartan navarch who served as commander of the collective Spartan naval forces along the coast of Asia Minor during 412–411 BC. He is regarded by many contemporaries and modern scholars as a key reason for Sparta's early failures in the Peloponnesian War. His expeditions consisting of encounters in Lesbos, Chios, Erythrae and Clazomenae all of which proved unsuccessful. He refused requests for help from Chios, causing the Spartan administration to become increasingly dissatisfied with his leadership. Thucydides portrayed Astyochus as timid and inept, and also depicted him as often in conflict with his peers in Ionia. Toward the end of his time as commander, he exhibited great reluctance to attack the Athenians and also failed to properly pay his troops, leading to riots and violence, and eventually, his removal as commander in 412 BC, to be replaced by the Spartan Mindarus.

Klazomenai
Klazomenai (Ancient Greek: Κλαζομεναί) or Clazomenae  was one of the 12 cities of ancient Ionia (the others being Chios, Samos, Phocaea, Erythrae, Teos, Lebedus, Colophon, Ephesus, Priene, Myus, and Miletus). It is located at the south coast of Smyrna Gulf, Ionia, and a member of the Ionian League. It was one of the first cities to issue silver coinage. Its ruins are now located in the modern town Urla near İzmir in İzmir Province, Turkey.
Martinelli Building
The Martinelli Building (in Portuguese: Edifício Martinelli), with 28 floors, is the first skyscraper built in Brazil. Located in São Paulo, it is 105 meters tall.

The building was planned in 1922 by the Italian-born entrepreneur, Giuseppe Martinelli. Construction began in 1924, and was completed in 1929. At the time of its opening, it was the tallest building in Latin America, and the largest concrete-framed building in the world.

The building was completely remodeled by Mayor Olavo Setúbal from 1975 to 1979. Today, the building houses the Departments of Municipal Housing and planning, companies Emurb and Cohab-SP, the headquarters of the Association of Banks of SP, and several shops on the ground floor of the building.

Giuseppe Martinelli
Giuseppe Martinelli (born 11 March 1955) is a retired road bicycle racer from Italy, who was a professional rider from 1977 to 1985. He represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he won silver medal in the men's individual road race behind Sweden's Bernt Johansson. In 2011, Martinelli became the manager of the Astana cycling team, replacing Yvon Sanquer.
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 237
Route 237 is a bypass road linking Catalina, Trinity Bay (situated on Route 230) with Newman's Cove, Bonavista Bay (situated on Route 235). It is referred to as Kings Cove Road

There are no other communities along this highway, no other highways intersect it beyond the Routes 230 and 235. Within Catalina the highway is connected with local streets (Bond Street, Guys Lane, Harts Road). The entire length of the roadway is paved with single lane in either direction.

Trinity Bay (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Trinity Bay is a large bay on the northeastern coast of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Bay along with Placentia Bay to the southwest define the isthmus of Avalon from which the Avalon Peninsula lies to the east of the main landmass of Newfoundland Island. The maximum depth of the bay is about 580 metres (1,900 ft).

Major fishing communities include Trinity and Heart's Content. The smaller communities in Newfoundland may often be referenced by the Bay in which they are located, e.g.: 'Brownsdale, TB'.
Mark Klett
Mark Klett (born 9 September 1952) is an American photographer. His work is included in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts Houston and the Museum of Modern Art, New York.

Rebecca Solnit
Rebecca Solnit (born 1961) is an American writer and activist. She has written on a variety of subjects, including feminism, the environment, politics, place, and art.

Solnit is the author of seventeen books, including River of Shadows, which won the 2004 National Book Critics Circle Award in Criticism; A Paradise Built in Hell, originally  published in 2009 and later revised in 2020, which charts altruistic community responses to disaster; The Faraway Nearby, a wide-ranging memoir published in 2013; and Men Explain Things to Me, a collection of essays on feminism and women's writing first published in 2014.
Monte Alto, Texas
Monte Alto is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,930 at the 2020 census. It is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Edinburg, Texas
Edinburg (/ˈɛdɪnbɜːrɡ/ ED-in-burg) is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 100,243 at the 2020 census, and in 2022, its estimated population was 104,294, making it the second-largest city in Hidalgo County, and the third-largest city in the larger Rio Grande Valley region.

Edinburg is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission and Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas. Edinburg is home to the main campus of University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.
Lake Nona Medical City
Lake Nona Medical City is a 650-acre (260 ha) health and life sciences park in Orlando, Florida, United States. It is located near Orlando International Airport and within the master-planned community of Lake Nona. The city is home to the University of Central Florida's Health Sciences Campus, which includes the university's College of Medicine and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences. In the future, the campus will also house UCF's College of Nursing, College of Dental Medicine, and a teaching hospital.

The medical city also includes the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Nemours Children's Hospital, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, which is ranked #5 among all pharmacy schools in the nation, and Valencia College at Lake Nona. In addition, the Orlando Veterans Administration Medical Center, began seeing clinical patients from February 2015.

Sanford Burnham Prebys
32°54′04″N 117°14′31″W﻿ / ﻿32.901192°N 117.241937°W﻿ / 32.901192; -117.241937

Sanford Burnham Prebys is an American nonprofit biomedical research institute located in La Jolla, California, conducting biomedical and translational research, including stem cell and drug discovery studies. It operates a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center and conducts genomics research.
Telefomin District
Telefomin District is a district of Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea.  Its capital is Telefomin. Its inhabitants include the Mountain Ok people, a cultural group with numerous sub-groups including the Telefol, the Urapmin, and the Wopkaimin. The Oksapmin also live in this district. Notable ethnographic research by Geoffrey B. Saxe at UC Berkeley has documented the encounter between pre-contact uses of number and its cultural evolution under conditions of monetization and exposure to schooling and the formal economy among the Oksapmin.

Geoffrey B Saxe
Geoffrey B. Saxe (born June 12, 1948) is an American developmental psychologist. He is a Distinguished Professor of the Graduate School in the School of Education at UC Berkeley. He is a former President of the Jean Piaget Society for the Study of Knowledge and Development, elected member of the National Academy of Education, elected fellow of the American Educational Research Association, and former Editor-in-Chief of the international journal, Human Development.

Saxe's research focuses on the interplay between cultural and cognitive developmental processes in the reproduction and alteration of ideas in human communities. Using mathematics as an illustrative domain, Saxe situates his work in the collective practices of daily life. He has also extended his developmental perspective to a program of design research in mathematics education.
Marianne Zoff
Marianne Josephine Zoff (30 June 1893 – 22 November 1984) was an Austrian actress and opera singer (mezzo-soprano).

Zoff was born in Hainfeld, Lower Austria. Starting in 1919 at the Staatstheater Augsburg, she sang at several German opera house until 1925 at the Theater Münster.

Zoff was the first wife of Bertolt Brecht, to whom she was married from 1922 until September 1927. Their daughter Hanne Marianne was born on 12 March 1923. The writer Otto Zoff was her older brother.

In 1928 Zoff married the actor Theo Lingen and Zoff's daughter Hanne grew up with her and Lingen. Lingen's popularity protected Zoff and her daughter, who were classified as half-Jews by the Nazi regime, from persecution. In 1928, Zoff and Lingen had a daughter, Ursula Lingen, who also was an actress.

Zoff died in 1984, aged 91, in Vienna and is buried at the Vienna Zentralfriedhof.

Vienna Central Cemetery
The Vienna Central Cemetery (German: Wiener Zentralfriedhof) is one of the largest cemeteries in the world by number of interred, and is the most well-known among Vienna's nearly 50 cemeteries. The cemetery's name is descriptive of its significance as Vienna's biggest cemetery, not of its geographic location, as it is not in the city center of the Austrian capital, but on the southern outskirts, in the outer city district of Simmering.
Leading Lady (album)
Leading Lady is the debut studio album by Australian singer Marina Prior, featuring the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra conducted by Brian Stacey. The album was released in November 1991 and peaked at number 15 on the ARIA Albums Chart in December and was certified platinum.

Melbourne Symphony Orchestra
The Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO) is an Australian orchestra based in Melbourne. The MSO is resident at Hamer Hall. The MSO has its own choir, the MSO Chorus, following integration with the Melbourne Chorale in 2008.

The MSO relies on funding by the Victorian State Government and the Federal government and support from private corporations and donors. It is supported by Symphony Services International. Sophie Galaise joined the MSO as its first female managing director in 2016. Its chairman is David Li (since 2021).
Hussein Ahmed Salah
Hussein Ahmed Salah (Arabic: حسين أحمد صلاح, Somali: Xuseen Axmed Saalax) is a Djiboutian former long-distance runner, best known for winning a bronze medal in the marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He also won silver medals in this event at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships. In addition, he won the 1985 IAAF World Marathon Cup.  He also came second in the New York Marathon in 1985, and won the Paris Marathon in 1986.

His personal best time was 2:07:07, achieved in a 2nd-place finish in the Rotterdam Marathon in April 1988. He and race winner Belayneh Densamo both ran faster than Carlos Lopes' World Record of 2:07:12, set on the Rotterdam course in 1985. Salah's 2:07:07 is the current national record for Djibouti. He also holds the national record in 10,000 metres with 28:17.4 minutes. He is the only Djiboutian athlete to win an Olympic medal.

Paris Marathon
The Paris Marathon (French: Marathon de Paris) is an annual marathon hosted by the city of Paris, France. It is the largest running event in France in terms of finishers and is typically among the five largest marathons in the world.

The marathon begins along the Champs-Élysées, runs southeast through the city to the Bois de Vincennes, heads back through the city along the River Seine, and finishes on Avenue Foch.