hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Hunter (scientist)
John Hunter (born November 14, 1955) is an American projectile researcher, who developed the 1994 "supergun" Super High Altitude Research Project (SHARP) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The ultimate aim of his research is to shoot payloads into space, at less than one tenth of the cost of unmanned rockets. John Hunter was the director of Quicklaunch until 2012 and currently runs a startup called Green Launch that is developing a light-gas gun concept

Light-gas gun
The light-gas gun is an apparatus for physics experiments. It is a highly specialized gun designed to generate extremely high velocities. It is usually used to study high-speed impact phenomena (hypervelocity research), such as the formation of impact craters by meteorites or the erosion of materials by micrometeoroids. Some basic material research relies on projectile impact to create high pressure; such systems are capable of forcing liquid hydrogen into a metallic state.
Zulu (surname)
Zulu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Grey Zulu (1924–2020), Zambian retired politician

Alphaeus Zulu (1905–1987), Anglican bishop and Speaker of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly

Ballad Zulu, Zambian singer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter and economist

Justin Zulu (born 1989), Zambian footballer

Mahenge Zulu (1965–2019), Italian boxer

Maiko Zulu, Zambian musician

Mary Zulu (2002), South African rugby union

Nhlanhla Zulu, South African politician and prince of the Zulu royal family

Onthatile Zulu (born  2000), South Africa field hockey player

Pentjie Zulu (born 1990), South African soccer player

Winstone Zulu (1964–2011), Zambian HIV and tuberculosis activist

Zeblon Zulu, South African politician

Winstone Zulu
Winstone Zulu (January 7, 1964 – October 12, 2011) was a Zambian HIV and tuberculosis activist. Zulu, who became the first Zambian to publicly acknowledge his HIV status in 1990, was considered one of the world's leading HIV and AIDS activists. At the time, people diagnosed with HIV/AIDS faced widespread discrimination in Zambia.
Barr (placename element)
Barr- is a pre-Indo-European linguistic root meaning 'wooded hill', 'natural barrier'.

In addition to the common noun bar, it explains many place names as:

Barr, commune of Alsace, France

Bar, commune of Corrèze, Limousin France

Bar-sur-Aube and Bar-sur-Seine, communes of Aube, Champagne, France

Bar-le-Duc, commune of Lorraine, France

but not Le Bar-sur-Loup, a former Albarn > Aubarn.

In Alps, the word applies to rocky escarpments:

la Barre des Écrins is a mountain in French Alps.

This root should not be mistaken for the Basque root Bar- / ibar 'valley'.

Limousin
Limousin (French pronunciation: [limuzɛ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Lemosin [lemuˈzi]) is a former administrative region of southwest-central France. Named after the old province of Limousin, the administrative region was founded in 1960. It comprised three departments: Corrèze, Creuse, and Haute-Vienne. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Situated mostly in the west side of south-central French Massif Central, Limousin had (in 2010) 742,770 inhabitants spread out on nearly 17,000 km2 (6,600 square miles), making it the least populated region of metropolitan France.

Forming part of the southwest of the country, Limousin was bordered by the regions of Centre-Val de Loire to the north, Auvergne to the east, Midi-Pyrénées to the south, Aquitaine to the southwest, and Poitou-Charentes to the west. Limousin was also part of the larger historical Occitania region.
Rhenish Hesse
Rhenish Hesse or Rhine Hesse (German: Rheinhessen, pronounced [ʁaɪnˈhɛsn̩]) is a region and a former government district (Regierungsbezirk) in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is made up of territories west of the Upper Rhine river that were part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor in the Weimar Republic, the People's State of Hesse from 1816 to 1945. The hilly countryside is largely devoted to vineyards, comprising the Rheinhessen wine region.

Regierungsbezirk
A Regierungsbezirk (German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁk] ⓘ, pl. Regierungsbezirke, German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁkə], lit. 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of the sixteen Länder (states of Germany) are split into Regierungsbezirke, each in turn split into rural or urban districts.

Regierungsbezirke serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's sixteen states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen Regierungsbezirke features a non-legislative governing body called a Regierungspräsidium (governing presidium) or Bezirksregierung (district government) headed by a Regierungspräsident (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. Saxony has Direktionsbezirke (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the state parliament.
AlphaTauri AT03
The AlphaTauri AT03 is a Formula One car constructed by Scuderia AlphaTauri and racing in the 2022 Formula One World Championship. The car was driven by Pierre Gasly and Yuki Tsunoda. The AT03 is the third chassis built and designed by AlphaTauri and their first car under the 2022 technical regulations.

Scuderia AlphaTauri
Scuderia AlphaTauri S.p.A., commonly known as AlphaTauri, was an Italian Formula One racing team and constructor that competed from 2020 to 2023. It was one of two Formula One constructors owned by Austrian conglomerate Red Bull GmbH, the other being Red Bull Racing. The constructor was rebranded for the 2020 Formula One World Championship from "Toro Rosso" to "AlphaTauri" in order to promote Red Bull's AlphaTauri fashion brand. According to Franz Tost and Helmut Marko, the rebrand as Scuderia AlphaTauri also acknowledged that it had transitioned from Red Bull Racing's junior team to its sister team.

The team scored one victory and one third place during its four seasons in the sport. Both were taken by Pierre Gasly, who won the 2020 Italian Grand Prix and placed third in the 2021 Azerbaijan Grand Prix. The team was rebranded as RB in 2024.
Freybug
Freybug is a monstrous Black Dog that is stated to come from medieval English folklore, specifically from Norfolk. Like most supernatural black dogs, it was roughly the size of a calf, and wandered country roads terrifying travelers.

The English martyr Laurence Saunders mentioned Fray-bugs in his letters to his wife in 1555. The word Fray-bug is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as “an object of fear; a bogy, spectre.” The similar word “fray-boggart” was a word for a scarecrow. Popular Antiquities of Great Britain, by John Brand, referenced Saunders' letters and suggested that the Fray-bug was a Black Dog similar to the Barghest. Carol Rose seems to have drawn on Brand’s work for her description of the Freybug.

John Brand (antiquarian)
John Brand (19 August 1744 – 11 September 1806) was an English antiquarian and Church of England clergyman. He was author of Observations on Popular Antiquities: including the whole of Mr Bourne's "Antiquitates Vulgares," with addenda to every chapter of that work.
Abraham Bronson
The Reverend Abraham Bronson (April 11, 1778 - June 12, 1853) was an Episcopalian minister. He was born in Waterbury, Connecticut, moved as minister to Arlington, Vermont in 1802, where he officiated half-time from 1802 to 1825, and then full-time until 1833 when he left the diocese. He received an honorary A.M. degree from Columbia University in 1809, served as a trustee of Middlebury College, from which he received an honorary degree in 1817, and is recorded as being a member of the American Temperance Society, from Manchester, Vermont, in 1832. At some time in the 1830s, he moved to Peninsula, Ohio, where he became the first minister for the Bronson Church, which was founded and built by his brother Hermon Bronson in 1839. He is buried in Cedar Grove Cemetery in Peninsulao.

Middlebury College
Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont, United States. Founded in 1800 by Congregationalists, Middlebury was the first operating college or university in Vermont.

In the fall of 2024, the college enrolled 2,760 undergraduates from all 50 states and 74 countries and offers 45 majors in the arts and humanities as well as joint engineering programs. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, the school also has graduate schools, the Middlebury College Language Schools, the Bread Loaf School of English, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, as well as its C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools Abroad international programs. Middlebury's 31 varsity teams are the Middlebury Panthers and compete in the NCAA Division III's New England Small College Athletic Conference.
Barefoot
Being barefoot is the state of not wearing any footwear.

There are health benefits and some risks associated with going barefoot. Shoes, while they offer protection, can limit the flexibility, strength, and mobility of the foot and can lead to higher incidences of flexible flat foot, bunions, hammer toe, and Morton's neuroma. Walking and running barefoot results in a more natural gait, allowing for a more rocking motion of the foot, eliminating the hard heel strike and generating less collision force in the foot and lower leg.

There are many sports that are performed barefooted, most notably gymnastics, martial arts and swimming, but also beach volleyball, barefoot running, barefoot hiking, and barefoot waterskiing.

Calceus
The calceus (pl.: calcei) was the common upper-class male footwear of the Roman Republic and Empire. Normally made of leather and hobnailed, it was flat soled and typically reached the lower shin, entirely covering the foot and ankle. It was secured with crossed thongs or laces. Equivalent to a short boot or high-top shoe, it was lighter than the military caliga but sturdier than slip-on shoes like the soccus and able to easily handle outdoor use.
1922 Lithuanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Lithuania on 10 and 11 October 1922, electing 78 members of the First Seimas. They were the first elections held in Lithuania under the 1922 constitution, which had been adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 1 August 1922.

38 out of 78 seats were won by a bloc of parties led by the Christian Democrats, and they acquired both the positions of President and Prime Minister, occupied by Aleksandras Stulginskis and Ernestas Galvanauskas respectively. In both cases, however, the Christian Democrats were not supported by any party in the opposition and could only form a minority government. Unable to work with such a makeup, the First Seimas was dissolved on 12 March 1923.

Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
The Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialdemokratų partija, LSDP) is a centre-left and social democratic political party in Lithuania. Founded as an underground Marxist organisation in 1896, it is the oldest extant party in Lithuania. During the Soviet occupation, the party ceased to exist. The party reemerged after the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of communist rule in 1989.

The party led a government in the unicameral Seimas, Lithuania's parliament from 2001 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2016. It has been the ruling party of Lithuania since 2024. The party is a member of the Party of European Socialists (PES), Progressive Alliance, and Socialist International.
Stanley Amos
Stanley Thomas Amos (18 September 1907 – 1991) was an English professional footballer of the 1920s. Born in Cradley Heath, Staffordshire, he joined Gillingham from Cradley Heath St Luke's in 1926 and went on to make 31 appearances for the club in The Football League, scoring 13 goals. He left to return to his former club in 1928.

He died in Wolverhampton in 1991.

Cradley Heath
Cradley Heath is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell, West Midlands, England. It is in the Black Country, 8 miles (13 km) west of Birmingham. The town was known for the manufacture of chains in the first half of the twentieth century.
Lyon-Perrache station
Lyon–Perrache or simply Perrache (French: Gare de Lyon-Perrache, [ɡaʁ də ljɔ̃ pɛʁaʃ]) is a large railway station located in the Perrache quarter, in the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon, France. Historically the primary railway station in Lyon, today it is the city's second-busiest station, after the newer Lyon-Part-Dieu station.

Opened in 1857 on Lyon's Presqu'île, the station is located on the Paris–Marseille railway, Lyon–Geneva railway and Moret–Lyon railway. The train services are operated by the SNCF and include TGV, Intercités, TER and international services.

Intercités
Intercités (IC), known before September 2009 as Corail Intercités, is a brand name used by France's national railway company, the SNCF, to denote non high-speed services on the classic rail network in France.

The SNCF established the Intercités brand in January 2006 to capture the remaining, mainly medium distance network of Corail trains, so called because they use the air-conditioned fleet of Corail coaches introduced by the SNCF from 1975. Intercités covers all the important SNCF routes not served by the TGV network.

Since December 2011, the former Téoz (long distance trains with obligatory reservation) and Intercités de nuit (overnight sleeper train) brands have been re-integrated and the Intercités brand now covers all non high-speed SNCF national network passenger services. In October 2012, the new social-democrat French Government announced increased funding for Intercités services, as part of a new transport strategy.
Kiryukov Music College
Kiryukov Music College (Russian: Саранское музыкальное училище им. Л. П. Кирюкова, lit. 'Saransk Musical College L. P. Kiryukova') is a state government-financed institution of vocational education of Mordovia. The college was founded by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Mordovia and named after the Mordovian composer Leonty Petrovich Kiryukov.

Kiryukov Music College is a legal entity. It has a corporate seal, a state seal of the Republic of Mordovia, a state seal of Russia and other requisites in accord with the Russian law. Kiryukov Music College was founded on June 6, 1931.

In 2016 the teaching was carried out by 95 full-time teachers and accompanists as well as 6 part-time teachers. The college teachers organize music festivals, contests and competitions. Many of them participate in concerts and performing activities as soloists, members of orchestras and ensembles, music band leaders on a regular basis.

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Tyrone Times
The Tyrone Times, more correctly known as the Tyrone Times and Dungannon Gazette, was a newspaper based in Dungannon, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It was published by Johnston Publishing (NI), which at the time was a part of Johnston Press, which was part of JPIMedia.

The paper's name mimics the full title of its main rival, the Dungannon News and Tyrone Courier.  Unlike the Courier, its name is not derived from an amalgamation of previous titles - the Times was first published in the early 1990s to build on the popularity of its sister publication in the Dungannon area, the Cookstown-based Mid Ulster Mail.

In June 2019, JPIMedia announced that they were closing the Tyrone Times.

Johnston Press
Johnston Press plc was a multimedia company founded in Falkirk, Scotland, in 1767. Its flagship titles included UK-national newspaper the i, The Scotsman, the Yorkshire Post, the Falkirk Herald, and Belfast's The News Letter. The company was operating around 200 newspapers and associated websites around the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man when it went into administration and was then purchased by JPIMedia in 2018.

The Falkirk Herald was the company's first acquisition in 1846. Johnston Press's assets were transferred to JPIMedia in 2018, who continued to publish its titles.

Johnston Press announced it would place itself in administration on 16 November 2018 after it was unable to find a suitable buyer of the business to refinance £220m of debt. It was delisted from the London Stock Exchange on 19 November 2018. Johnston Press and its assets were brought under the control of JPIMedia on 17 November 2018 after a pre-packaged deal was agreed with creditors.
Salma Dam
The Salma Dam, officially named Afghan-India Friendship Dam, is an embankment dam located on the Hari River in Chishti Sharif District of Herat Province in western Afghanistan. It has a hydroelectric power station that produces 42 MW of electricity in addition to providing irrigation for 750 km2 (290 sq mi) of farmland.

The Salma Dam was opened on 4 June 2016 by former Afghan President Ashraf Ghani along with Indian prime minister Narendra Modi.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Rodiani
Rodiani (Greek: Ροδιανή), known before 1927 as Radouvista (Ραδουβίστα), is a community located in Aiani municipal unit, Kozani regional unit, in the Greek region of Macedonia. It is situated at an altitude of 680 meters. At the 2021 census, the population was 246. The town of Kozani, seat of the region, is 14 km from Rodiani.

Kozani (regional unit)
Kozani (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Κοζάνης, romanized: Perifereiakí Enótita Kozánis) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Western Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia. Its capital is the city of Kozani.
Appalachia High School
Appalachia High School, located in Appalachia, Virginia, United States, was a part of Wise County Public Schools. Appalachia High educated approximately 350 students ranging from 8th through 12th grades. Appalachia High School was awarded a Bronze Medal in U.S. News & World Report's 2009 Best High Schools. In 2011, Appalachia consolidated with neighboring Powell Valley High School, located in Big Stone Gap. The new consolidated school was located in the former PVHS building until completion of the new facility in 2012 and is called Union High School, a name derived from the combination of two traditional rivals into one single school.

Wise County Public Schools
Wise County Public Schools is a school district based in Wise, Virginia in Wise County.

The district, which includes the county, operates five elementary/primary schools, one combined K-8 school, three middle schools, three high schools, an alternative school and a vocational-technical school.
Kenneth Clayton
Kenneth Roger Clayton (July 26, 1938 – December 26, 2017) was an American chess master. He won US Amateur Chess Championship in 1963. He attended Harvard University. His picture was on the cover of the June 1963 issue of Chess Life magazine.

Clayton, along with Walter Harris and Frank Street Jr., have been regarded as pioneers of African-Americans in chess in the 1960s.

Clayton held the FIDE title of Candidate Master and the USCF title of National Master. He died of Alzheimer’s on December 26, 2017.

Chess Life
The monthly Chess Life and bi-monthly Chess Life Kids (formerly School Mates and Chess Life for Kids) are the official magazines published by the United States Chess Federation (US Chess). Chess Life is advertised as the "most widely read chess magazine in the world", and reaches more than a quarter of a million readers each month. It focuses on American chess players and tournaments, instruction, human interest, and US Chess governance matters. Chess Life Kids is geared towards those under 14. A subscription to Chess Life and Chess Life Kids is currently one benefit of becoming a US Chess member or affiliate. All members are given access to the online versions of Chess Life and Chess Life Kids (including back issues). Affiliates and some membership categories also receive printed copies of Chess Life and/or Chess Life Kids.
Exegesis in Zoroastrianism
Exegesis in Zoroastrianism is principally defined as the interpretation of Avesta, the Zoroastrian religious book. The Zend, an explanation of Avesta which is written in Pahlavi language and the other old texts related to Zoroastrian exegesis have no Avestan word. The religious legal textbooks like Vendidad, Neyrangistan, Hirbodistan, Hadokht Nask and Visperad are also interpretations of Avesta.

Visperad
The Visperad (wysplt') is one of the texts in the Avesta collection. Its 24 chapters do not have any internal unity, but are only used within the Yasht i Visperad liturgy, where they are individually inserted into the text of the Yasna.
Ezequiel Zamora
Ezequiel Zamora (Spanish pronunciation: [eθeˈkjel θaˈmoɾa], Latin American Spanish: [eseˈkjel saˈmoɾa]; 1 February 1817 – 10 January 1860) was a Venezuelan soldier and leader of the Federalists in the Federal War (Guerra Federal) of 1859–1863. He participated in the 1846 Venezuelan peasant insurrection against the conservative government. He was forced into exile during the March Revolution.

In Curaçao he met with Federalist exiles. After the start of the Federal War in 1859, he disembarked in La Vela de Coro. Zamora defeated the conservative government in the battle of Santa Inés, a critical confrontation during the war. Zamora died in 1860 when he received a shot to the head during the preliminary actions for the capture of the plaza of San Carlos.

March Revolution (Venezuela)
The March Revolution was a military uprising that took place in Venezuela in March 1858. It was the first armed rebellion that managed to overthrow a government in Venezuelan history. The principal leader, the caudillo Julián Castro, was trusted absolutely by President José Tadeo Monagas.

The main drivers of the movement were the social issues and political abuse which had accumulated during the Monagato or Liberal Oligarchy – a decade in which the brothers José Tadeo Monagas and José Gregorio Monagas ruled (1847–1858). Additionally, this period featured political sectarianism, high corruption, mismanagement of public finances and the central government's lack of concern with the provinces. The consequences were extreme political violence and great social chaos. Similar events had occurred in 1848, 1849, 1853 and 1856.