hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South Seas Society (Singapore)
The  South Seas Society (Chinese: 南洋学会; pinyin: Nányáng Xúehuì) is a scholarly society in Singapore, which promotes research on Southeast Asia (Nanyang, lit. "South Seas"). The Society was founded in March 1940 as the China South Seas Society (Chinese: 中国南洋学会; pinyin: Zhōnggúo Nányáng Xúehuì). Its founders included Kwan Chu Poh (Chinese: 关楚璞), Yu Dafu (Chinese: 郁达夫), Yao Tse-Liang (Chinese: 姚楠), Hsu Yun Tsiao (Chinese: 许云樵), and other scholars and literary figures.

Former members of the Society's managing committee include: T. L. Yao, Huang Mun-se (Chinese: 黄曼士), Han Wai-toon (Chinese: 韩槐准), Lian Shih-sheng (Chinese: 连士升), and Gwee Yee-hean (Chinese: 魏维贤).

The founding of a Chinese society for Southeast Asian studies was unprecedented, as no such organisation or scholarly journal existed in the 1940s. The Society attracted scholars from around the world, including Britain, the US, Japan, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, etc.

Yu Dafu
Yu Wen, better known by his courtesy name Yu Dafu (December 7, 1896 – September 17, 1945) was a modern Chinese short story writer and poet. He was one of the new literary group initiators, and this new literary group was named the Creation Society. His literary masterpieces include Chenlun (沈淪, Sinking), Chunfeng chenzui de wanshang (春風沈醉的晚上, Intoxicating Spring Nights), Guoqu (過去, The Past), Chuben (出奔, Flight) and so on. Yu Dafu's literary works' writing style and main themes profoundly influenced a group of young writers and formed a spectacular romantic trend in Chinese literature in the 1920s and 1930s. He died in the Japanese-occupied Dutch East Indies, likely executed.
Alun Gibbard
Alun Gibbard (30 May 1960 – 19 November 2025) was a Welsh author and broadcaster, well known for his appearances on BBC television and radio. He wrote in Welsh and English and was long associated with the work of Dylan Thomas, at whose birthplace in Swansea he was for a while responsible for visitor education. He co-wrote several biographies (including that of Tony ac Aloma) and autobiographies (such as that of Arfon Haines Davies), as well as novels and short stories. He was a frequent contributor to the magazine Golwg and to the Western Mail.

Originally from Llanelli, the son of historian Noel Gibbard (1932–2021), Alun Gibbard attended Ysgol Gymraeg Brynsierfel and Llanelli Boys' School. He earned his degree from the University of Glamorgan, then a polytechnic.

Programmes he produced for the BBC and S4C included Dechrau Canu, Dechrau Canmol and 100 Arwyr Cymru.

Gibbard died on 19 November 2025, at the age of 65.

Llanelli
Llanelli (Welsh for 'St Elli's Parish'; Welsh: [ɬaˈnɛɬi] ⓘ) is a market town and community in Carmarthenshire and the preserved county of Dyfed, Wales. It is on the estuary of the River Loughor and is the largest town in the county of Carmarthenshire.

The town is 11 miles (18 km) north-west of Swansea and 12 miles (19 km) south-east of Carmarthen. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 25,366, and the built up area had a population of 42,155. The local authority was Llanelli Borough Council when the county of Dyfed existed, and it has been under Carmarthenshire County Council since 1996.
The Magic of Boney M.
The Magic of Boney M. is a compilation album by German disco group Boney M., released by Sony BMG in October 2006. An updated version of 1992's Gold – 20 Super Hits and 2001's The Greatest Hits, the compilation includes eighteen of the group's best known hits from the 1970s and 1980s, a new remix of 1976 single "Sunny" by German DJ and record producer Mousse T., as well as one new track featuring vocals from original Boney M. lead vocalist Liz Mitchell.

While this compilation is digitally remastered it contains both original recordings and overdubbed or remixed versions dating from Gold - 20 Super Hits.

The compilation was reissued on 18 March 2022 with new artwork as a special "remix edition". This release replaces "A Moment of Love" with the 2021 remixes of "Rasputin" and "Daddy Cool", along with a previously unreleased Spanish version of "Rivers of Babylon" entitled "Rios de Babylonia".

Daddy Cool (Boney M. song)
"Daddy Cool" is a song produced and co-written by Frank Farian who had founded the group Boney M. to visually perform to his songs on TV and while touring discos. Farian also provided the male voice parts on the record. The song was included on their debut album Take the Heat off Me. It was a 1976 hit and a staple of disco music and became Boney M.'s first hit in the United Kingdom.

The second Boney M. single, it was released in 1976 and made no major impact at first. After a presentation on the German Musikladen TV show in September that year, the single became a hit, topping several European charts. It reached number six in the UK charts and number 65 in the United States Billboard Hot 100. The single also topped the German charts and reached the Top 20 in Canada. It proved to be the band's major European breakthrough.
Barbara Paulson
Barbara Jean Paulson (née Lewis; April 11, 1928 – February 26, 2023) was an American human computer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and one of the first female scientists employed there. Paulson began working as a mathematician at JPL in 1948, where she calculated rocket trajectories by hand. She is among the women who made early progress at JPL.

Explorer 1
Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States in 1958 and was part of the U.S. participation in the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The mission followed the first two satellites, both launched by the Soviet Union during the previous year, Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2. This began a Space Race during the Cold War between the two nations.

Explorer 1 was launched on 1 February 1958 at 03:47:56 GMT (or 31 January 1958 at 22:47:56 Eastern Time) atop the first Juno I booster from LC-26A at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Center of the Atlantic Missile Range (AMR), in Florida. It was the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation belt, returning data until its batteries were exhausted after nearly four months. It remained in orbit until 1970.

Explorer 1 was given Satellite Catalog Number 00004 and the Harvard designation 1958 Alpha 1, the forerunner to the modern International Designator.
1971 Rothmans International Tennis Tournament
The 1971 Rothmans International Tennis Tournament was a men's professional tennis tournament held on indoor carpet courts in the Royal Albert Hall in London, England. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from 28 February through 4 March 1971. It was an independent event, i.e. not part of either the 1971 Grand Prix or 1971 World Championship Tennis circuit. Only a singles event was held which was won by Rod Laver who earned $7,800 / £3,250 first-prize money.

1971 World Championship Tennis circuit
The 1971 World Championship Tennis circuit was one of the two rival professional male tennis circuits of 1971. It was organized by World Championship Tennis (WCT) and was the first edition of the circuit. Points were awarded to players based on their tournament results (ten points for the tournament winner, seven points for the runner–up, four points for the semifinalists, two points for the quarterfinalists and one point for reaching the second round). The circuit included twenty regular events and a WCT circuit final taking place in Houston/Dallas in November for the eight players with the highest points total. Each tournament had a minimum prize money of $50,000.
El Rojo Norte
18°28′S 69°12′W﻿ / ﻿18.467°S 69.200°W﻿ / -18.467; -69.200
El Rojo Norte is a cinder cone in the Andes, constructed on top of volcano debris in the Lauca basin.

The cone is 150 metres (490 ft) high and 300 metres (980 ft) wide at its foot. Its profile has been reduced by erosion; the cone sits on an andesitic mound. A lava flow containing mafic andesite is associated with the cone. Phreatomagmatic deposits are also found.

The cone is formed by reddish scoria. Its rocks are basaltic andesite. It was erupted 3.1 ± 0.2 million years ago on the basis of potassium-argon dating. Other dates are 3.05 ± 0.22, 3.35 ± 0.16 and 2.34 ± 0.16 mya. Which age is correct is unclear, but the cone is partly buried by the 2.72 mya old Lauca-Pérez ignimbrite indicating that it's older than this ignimbrite.

Phreatomagmatic eruption
Phreatomagmatic eruptions are volcanic eruptions resulting from interaction between magma and water. They differ from exclusively magmatic eruptions and phreatic eruptions. Unlike phreatic eruptions, the products of phreatomagmatic eruptions contain juvenile (magmatic) clasts. It is common for a large explosive eruption to have magmatic and phreatomagmatic components.
1958 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1958 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 31 December 1957 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1958.

At this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Basutoland
Basutoland was a British Crown colony that existed from 1884 to 1966 in present-day Lesotho, bordered with the Cape Colony, Natal Colony and Orange River Colony until 1910 and completely surrounded by South Africa from 1910. Though the Basotho (then known as Basuto) and their territory had been under British control starting in 1868 (and ruled by Cape Colony from 1871), the rule by Cape Colony was unpopular and unable to control the territory. As a result, Basutoland was brought under direct authority of Queen Victoria, via the High Commissioner, and run by an Executive Council presided over by a series of British Resident Commissioners.

It was divided into seven administrative districts: Berea, Leribe, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mafeteng, Qacha's Nek and Quthing.

Basutoland gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 4 October 1966 and was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho.
Denise Massé
Denise Massé (April 2, 1946 – June 14, 2022) was a Canadian musician and recording artist. Trained as a concert pianist, she was best known for her work as a repertory pianist and an as operatic coach. Along with Janine Reiss, she was considered one of the greatest coaches of French repertoire of her era.

Among notable recordings, Denise Massé collaborated on the 1995 Grammy Winner for Best Opera Recording (Berlioz Les Troyens, OSM/Dutoit) with Deborah Voigt, on 'The Art of Susan Graham' (2010), and the album, Placido Domingo 'Songs' (2012). She was inducted into the Canadian Opera Hall of Fame in 2013.

Les Troyens
Les Troyens (pronounced [le tʁwajɛ̃]; in English: The Trojans) is a French grand opera in five acts, running for about five hours, by Hector Berlioz. The libretto was written by Berlioz himself from Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid; the score was composed between 1856 and 1858. Les Troyens is Berlioz's most ambitious work, the summation of his entire artistic career, but he did not live to see it performed in its entirety. Under the title Les Troyens à Carthage, the last three acts were premièred with many cuts by Léon Carvalho's company, the Théâtre Lyrique, at their theatre (now the Théâtre de la Ville) on the Place du Châtelet in Paris on 4 November 1863, with 21 repeat performances. The reduced versions run for about three hours. After decades of neglect, today the opera is considered by some music critics as one of the finest ever written.
Soul Dressing
Soul Dressing is the second album by the Southern soul band Booker T. & the M.G.'s, released in 1965. It was their final album with bassist Lewie Steinberg, who was replaced by Donald "Duck" Dunn.

The title track peaked at No. 95 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Donald "Duck" Dunn
Donald "Duck" Dunn (November 24, 1941 – May 13, 2012) was an American bass guitarist, session musician, record producer, and songwriter. Dunn was notable for his 1960s recordings with Booker T. & the M.G.'s and as a session bassist for Stax Records. At Stax, Dunn played on thousands of records, including hits by Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, William Bell, Eddie Floyd, Johnnie Taylor, Albert King, Bill Withers, Elvis Presley, and many others. In 1992, he was inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Booker T. & the M.G.'s. In 2017, he was ranked 40th on Bass Player magazine's list of "The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time".
Shape-memory alloy
In metallurgy, a shape-memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its pre-deformed ("remembered") shape when heated.  It is also known in other names such as memory metal, memory alloy, smart metal, smart alloy, and muscle wire. The "memorized geometry" can be modified by fixating the desired geometry and subjecting it to a thermal treatment, for example a wire can be taught to memorize the shape of a coil spring.

Parts made of shape-memory alloys can be lightweight, solid-state alternatives to conventional actuators such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and motor-based systems. They can also be used to make hermetic joints in metal tubing, and it can also replace a sensor-actuator closed loop to control water temperature by governing hot and cold water flow ratio.

Liftware
Liftware is a brand name for a spoon designed to counteract the tremor associated with medical conditions such as Parkinson's disease or essential tremors. The company which designed the projects, Lift Labs, was founded by Anupam Pathak, a University of Michigan Ph.D. student.

The device works by detecting tremors with an accelerometer then responding to them with an actuator. The product first became available in December 2013.

Lift Labs (which made the Liftware spoon) was acquired by Google in September 2014 for integration into then life sciences division of Google X. Anupam Pathak became the technical lead for the division.

Google launched its version of the spoon in November 2014, priced at $195.
Town of Castle Rock v. Gonzales
Castle Rock v. Gonzales, 545 U.S. 748 (2005), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled, 7–2, that a town and its police department could not be sued under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for refusing to enforce a  restraining order, even though the refusal led to the murders of a woman's three children by her estranged husband. This decision affirmed the controversial principle that state and local government officials have no affirmative duty to protect the public from harm it did not create; a similar ruling was made in DeShaney v. Winnebago County which involves Child Protective Services (called the Department of Social Services in the case) failing to protect a child from a violent parent. The decision has since become infamous and condemned by several human rights groups and is frequently cited among the worst Supreme Court decisions in modern history.

Infamy
Infamy is notoriety gained from actions considered dangerous, disrespectful, immoral, unethical, or otherwise perceived in a negative manner. An infamous person or organization is one considered to have said or done something that provokes public outrage, and often one who is considered blameworthy and deserving of punishment even if no sanction is actually applied. The term has been used in both secular and canon law in Europe since ancient times.
Eliseo Alcon
Eliseo Lee Alcon (January 28, 1950 – January 13, 2025) was an American politician who served as a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives from the 6th district. Elected in 2008, he assumed office in January 2009. He resigned in November 2024 due to health concerns. Alcon died from liver cancer on January 13, 2025, at the age of 74.

New Mexico House of Representatives
The New Mexico House of Representatives (Spanish: Cámara de representantes de Nuevo México) is the lower house of the New Mexico State Legislature.

There are 70 members of the House. Each member represents roughly 25,980 residents of New Mexico.

The most recent elections were held on November 5, 2024. During that election the Republican Party of New Mexico picked up one seat.
Scenic Routes
Scenic Routes is an album by roots music band Lost Dogs, released on BAI Records in 1992.

The album began as a one time recording effort from the frontmen of four creative rock bands; Gene Eugene, from the funk/rock band, Adam Again; Terry Scott Taylor, from the bands Daniel Amos and The Swirling Eddies; Mike Roe, from the rock band The 77s; and Derri Daugherty, from the atmospheric rock band The Choir.

Adam Again
Adam Again was an American rock band active from 1982 until the death of founder, leader and vocalist Gene Eugene in 2000. Other band members included  Riki Michele on vocals, Paul Valadez on bass, Jon Knox on drums, and Greg Lawless on guitar. Dan Michaels often played saxophone.

Thom Jurek of AllMusic described the group as "inventive and artfully canny." Mark Allan Powell maintained that the group "priortized musical excellence and lyrical depth over commercial appeal or even accessibility." The band never achieved commercial viability and disbanded when Eugene was found dead in his recording studio on March 20, 2000, from an undiagnosed brain aneurism. Valadez died on September 20, 2013.
Entre Douro e Minho
Entre Douro e Minho (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈẽtɾɨ ˈðoɾu i ˈmiɲu]) is one of the historical provinces of Portugal which encompassed the country's northern Atlantic seaboard between the Douro and Minho rivers. Contemporaries often referred to the province as simply "Minho". It was one of six provinces Portugal was commonly divided into from the early modern period until 1936, although these provinces were not recognized as official units of government.

Braga District
Braga District (Portuguese: Distrito de Braga [ˈbɾaɣɐ] ⓘ) is a district in the northwest of Portugal. The district capital is the city of Braga, and it is bordered by the district of Viana do Castelo in the north, Vila Real in the east, Galicia (a Spanish autonomous community) in the northeast and Porto in the south. Its area is 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi) and it has a population of 831,368. It takes its name from the Bracarii, a Celtic tribe.
Californication Tour
The Californication Tour was a worldwide concert tour by Red Hot Chili Peppers to support their seventh studio album Californication which saw the return of guitarist John Frusciante who rejoined the band in 1998 after quitting six years earlier.

A DVD documenting the tour titled Off the Map, which was made up of footage from different shows, was released in 2001.

Off the Map (video)
Off the Map is a VHS and DVD released by the American alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2001, two years following the release of their seventh studio album, Californication. The video runs as a full concert but is edited to include parts from various concerts from the band's 2000s North American tour.

While being the first official live release from the band, it also is their only live CD/DVD to have live performances of songs from the album Uplift Mofo Party Plan.

During "Me and My Friends", Foo Fighters members Dave Grohl and Taylor Hawkins prank Chad Smith as revenge for Smith's pranks prior to the show, causing the band to screw up at the end.

In 2003, Off the Map was certified platinum in Australia. In 2008, it was certified Gold in United States. The material was also certified Gold in Brazil and United Kingdom.
Main Boundary Thrust
The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), also known as the Main Boundary Fault, is a discontinuous series of seismic faults in the Himalayas which form the structural boundary between the Outer Himalayas and Lower Himalayan Range. The MBT is itself part of a series of thrusts which helped to accommodate the deformation when the Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate in the Cenozoic. The MBT fault system began forming in the Miocene. The MBT consists of multiple segments, and is composed from west to east of the Murree and Drang thrust faults, the Krol thrust fault, the Surkhet-Ghorahi thrust fault, the Kathmandu thrust, and the Gondwana/Garu thrust. Despite originating as a thrust fault in the collision of India and Eurasia, the MBT system has reactivated as a normal faulting system.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
Sterrhopterix standfussi
Sterrhopterix standfussi is a moth of the Psychidae family. It was described by Wocke in 1851. It is found in northern and central Europe.

The wingspan is 27–29 mm. Adults are on wing in June.

The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including Betula species (Betula verrucosa, Betula pubescens, Betula nana), Alnus incana, Salix caprea, Salix pentandra, Salix aurita, Salix cinerea, Salix phylicifolia, Populus tremula, Philadelphus coronarius, Rubus idaeus, Filipendula ulmaria, Sorbus aucuparia, Vaccinium uliginosum and Ledum palustre.

Filipendula ulmaria
Filipendula ulmaria, commonly known as meadowsweet or mead wort, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae that grows in damp meadows. It is native throughout most of Europe and Western Asia (Near East and Middle East). It has been introduced and naturalised in North America.

Meadowsweet has also been referred to as queen of the meadow, pride of the meadow, meadow-wort, meadow queen, lady of the meadow, dollof, meadsweet, and bridewort.
Kentaro Asahi
Kentaro Asahi (朝日健太郎, Asahi Kentarō; born September 19, 1975) is a Japanese professional beach volleyball player and politician. He was born in Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.

Asahi played as a center for the Japan men's national volleyball team in the 1990s. He ended up in sixteenth place at the 1998 World Championship, and later on started a career in beach volleyball. Asahi and teammate Katsuhiro Shiratori represented Japan in beach volleyball at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

Asahi began to work for the IT company Forval Corporation in 2011 through a Japanese Olympic Committee athlete hiring program.

In July 2016, Asahi was elected as a member of the House of Councillors representing the Tokyo at-large district for the Liberal Democratic Party.

Volleyball at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The volleyball tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were played between 28 July and 12 August.

The indoor volleyball competition took place at Earls Court Exhibition Centre, in west London, and the beach volleyball tournament was held at Horse Guards Parade in central London.