hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phosphoroscope
A phosphoroscope is piece of experimental equipment devised in 1857 by physicist A. E. Becquerel to measure how long it takes a phosphorescent material to stop glowing after it has been excited.

It consists of two rotating disks with holes in them. The holes are arranged on each disk at equal angular intervals and a constant distance from the centre, but the holes in one disk do not align with the holes in the other. A sample of phosphorescent material is placed in between the two disks. Light coming in through a hole in one of the discs excites the phosphorescent material, which then emits light for a short amount of time. The disks are then rotated, and by changing their speed, the length of time the material glows can be determined.

Disk (mathematics)
In geometry, a disk (also spelled disc) is the region in a plane bounded by a circle. A disk is said to be closed if it contains the circle that constitutes its boundary, and open if it does not.

For a radius , an open disk is usually denoted as , and a closed disk is . However in the field of topology the closed disk is usually denoted as , while the open disk is .
Moonpark
Moonpark is an Argentine music festival, held three times annually since 2003.  It is held in the Northeast of Buenos Aires city.  It is considered one of the most important dance and electronic music festivals in the country.

Some of the acts performed during its last editions included  Nick Warren, John Digweed, Sasha, Hernán Cattáneo, Satoshi Tomiie, Danny Howells, Carl Cox, Steve Lawler, Danny Tenaglia, James Zabiela, S.O.S., Luke Fair, Richie Hawtin and Loco Dice.

Danny Howells
Danny Howells (born 24 November 1970) is an English producer and DJ.  His music is often described as progressive house, though he prefers to associate more with tech house and is sometimes described simply as "deepsexyfuturistictechfunkouse". At performances, he is well known to interact personally with the audience. Howells has mixed several albums for Global Underground in addition to his Nocturnal Frequencies series.  Howells is also a member of the duo Science Department with Dick Trevor, which has produced the singles "Breathe" and "Persuasion"/"Repercussion" as well as remixes for artists such as BT. From 2008 he has run his own record label, Dig Deeper - named after his long running club night.
Leipzig-Möckern station
Leipzig-Möckern (German: Haltepunkt Leipzig-Möckern) is a railway station located in Leipzig, Germany. The station is located on the Leipzig–Großkorbetha railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn and Erfurter Bahn. Since December 2013 the station is served by the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland.

Leipzig–Großkorbetha railway
The Leipzig–Großkorbetha railway is a double track electrified  in the German states of Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony, which connects the city of Leipzig and the Thuringian Railway. It runs from Leipzig via Markranstädt and Bad Dürrenberg to Großkorbetha.
Ramona Roth
Ramona Roth (born 7 March 1977) is a German cross-country skier who competed from 1995 to 2002. She has won a bronze medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1999 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Ramsau, and had her best finish of 18th in the 5 km event at the 1997 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships.

Roth has five individual career victories up to 10 km from 1996 to 2001.

Ramsau am Dachstein
Ramsau am Dachstein (Austrian German: [ramˈsaʊ am ˈdaxʃtaɪn]) is a municipality in the district of Liezen, state of Styria, Austria. It is also the name of the elevated plateau between the Dachstein range and the Enns valley on which this municipality is located.

The appendage am Dachstein is added to distinguish the municipality from others of the same name existing in Austria. It is usually omitted in common speech.
All About Sex
All About Sex is an American talk show that premiered on TLC on January 10, 2015. The show is hosted by several panelists discussing human sexuality.

The panel consists of Margaret Cho, Heather McDonald, Marissa Jaret Winokur and Tiffanie Davis Henry.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Barrette (song)
"Barrette" (Japanese: バレッタ, Hepburn: Baretta) is the 7th single by Nogizaka46. It was released on November 27, 2013. It debuted in number one on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart. It was the 14th best-selling single of the year in Japan. It has sold a total of 515,965 copies, as of July 28, 2014 (chart date). It reached number one on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. A song from the single, Tsuki no Ōkisa (月の大きさ), was the second opening theme of season 15 of the Naruto: Shippuden anime television series.

Nogizaka46
Nogizaka46 (乃木坂46; Nogizaka Forty-six) is a Japanese female idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto, created as the "official rival" of the group AKB48. They are the first group from the Sakamichi Series, which also includes sister groups Sakurazaka46 (formerly Keyakizaka46), Yoshimotozaka46, and Hinatazaka46.

The group's musical catalogue includes forty singles and five compilation albums. Starting with their third single, each of Nogizaka46's single releases has reached the top position on the weekly Oricon chart. The group has also created radio shows, theater productions, television programs, and films, including NogiBingo!, Hatsumori Bemars, Nogizaka Under Construction, Asahinagu, and a series of documentary films about the group.

Nogizaka46 has twice won the Grand Prix at the annual Japan Record Awards, with consecutive wins for "Influencer" in 2017 and "Synchronicity" in 2018. The group has sold nearly 18 million CDs in Japan.
Canadian Fraternal Association
The Canadian Fraternal Association / L’Association Fraternelle Canadienne (CFA-AFC) was a trade association based in Waterloo, Ontario, for fraternal benefit societies in Canada which engaged in advocacy on their behalf as well as provided services. It was dissolved in July 11, 2016.

Dictionary of Canadian Biography
The Dictionary of Canadian Biography (DCB; French: Dictionnaire biographique du Canada) is a dictionary of biographical entries for individuals who have contributed to the history of Canada. The DCB, which was initiated in 1959, is a collaboration between the University of Toronto and Laval University. Fifteen volumes have so far been published with more than 8,400 biographies of individuals who died or whose last known activity fell between the years 1000 and 1930. The entire print edition is online, along with some additional biographies to the year 2000.
Hattersley (surname)
Hattersley is an English surname, originally given to people from Hattersley, Greater Manchester. Notable people with the surname include:

Camilla Hattersley (born 1995), British swimmer

Giles Hattersley, British journalist

Martin Hattersley (1932–2020), Canadian lawyer and politician

Roy Hattersley (born 1932), British politician

Camilla Hattersley
Camilla Hattersley (born 24 February 1995) is a British swimmer who competed for Scotland at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and won a silver medal at the 2015 British Swimming Championships. She competed in the women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay and 800 metre freestyle events at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She also competed in the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
Manteiga
David Henrique dos Santos (born 19 March 1990 in Maceió) is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a defensive midfielder.

Manteiga formerly played for Gama in his country Brazil before signing for Feyenoord in 2008. After loan spells Excelsior and Ponte Preta he returned to Brazil to play for Grêmio Prudente.

Sociedade Esportiva do Gama
Sociedade Esportiva do Gama, commonly referred to as Gama, is a Brazilian professional club based in Gama, Distrito Federal, founded on 15 November 1975. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Brasiliense, the top flight of the Distrito Federal state football league.
Country Memories (Slim Whitman album)
Country Memories is a studio album by Slim Whitman, released in 1967 on Imperial Records.

Billboard wrote in its review: "Always great, but never greater than now, Slim Whitman has a beautiful 'Broken Wings,' a haunting 'Hasta Luego,' and exceptional versions of the classic standards 'I Walk Alone' and 'Tears on My Pillow' in this chart package."

Imperial Records
Imperial Records is an American record company and label started in 1947 by Lew Chudd. The label was reactivated in 2006 by EMI, which owned the label and back catalogue at the time. Imperial is owned by Universal Music Group.
HD 191806
HD 191806 is a star located in the northern constellation Cygnus. With an apparent magnitude of 8.093, it's undetectable with the naked eye, but can be seen with binoculars. HD 191806 is currently placed at a distance of 215 light years based on parallax measurements and is drifting towards the Solar System with a spectroscopic radial velocity of −15.28 km/s.

HD 191806 has a stellar classification of G0V, indicating that it is a G-type main sequence star. It has 110% the mass of the Sun and a slightly enlarged radius of 1.48 R☉. It radiates at 2.23 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,894 K, giving a yellow hue. HD 191806 is estimated to be about 3 billion years old and has a metallicity nearly twice of the Sun's. It spins with a  projected rotational velocity of 3.3 km/s, which corresponds to a rotational period of 21 days.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Stephen George (politician)
Stephen George is an Indian politician and a leader of Kerala Congress (Mani), a splinter faction of Kerala Congress. George is a former MLA of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from Kaduthuruthy in the Kottayam district.

Kerala Congress
Kerala Congress is an Indian political party founded in Kottayam, Kerala on 9 October 1964, by a block of former Indian National Congress leaders led by K. M. George. The party is primarily active in central Kerala. Initially its main support came from the Syrian Christians and the Nair community of southern Kerala.

The establishment of the Kerala Congress could be traced to the resignation and later death of P. T. Chacko, the Home Minister in the R. Sankar-led Congress ministry (1962–64). Fifteen rebel Congress Members of the Legislative Assembly subsequently supported a successful no confidence motion on the Sankar Ministry. K. M. George, R. Balakrishna Pillai and other leaders backed by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church and the Nair Service Society leader Mannathu Padmanabhan, formed the "Kerala Congress" at Kottayam Thirunakkara Ground on 9th October 1964.
Optic disc drusen
Optic disc drusen (ODD)  are globules of mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharides that progressively calcify in the optic disc. They are thought to be the remnants of the axonal transport system of degenerated retinal ganglion cells.
ODD have also been referred to as congenitally elevated or anomalous discs, pseudopapilledema, pseudoneuritis, buried disc drusen, and disc hyaline bodies.

Axonal transport
Axonal transport, also called axoplasmic transport or axoplasmic flow, is the cellular process responsible for moving lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, mitochondria and other organelles to and from a neuron's cell body, through the cytoplasm of its axon called the axoplasm. Since some axons are on the order of meters long, neurons cannot rely on diffusion to carry products of the nucleus and organelles to the ends of their axons. Axonal transport is also responsible for moving molecules destined for degradation from the axon back to the cell body, where they are broken down by lysosomes.

Movement toward the cell body is called retrograde transport and movement toward the synapse is called anterograde transport.
1865 New York state election
The 1865 New York state election was held on November 7, 1865, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, two Judges of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioners, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

Attorney General of New York
The attorney general of New York is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of New York and head of the Department of Law of the state government. The office has existed in various forms since 1626, originally established under the Dutch colonial government of New Netherland.

Democrat Letitia James currently serves as attorney general, in office since January 1, 2019.
Leonora Vicuña
Leonora Magdalena Vicuña Navarro (born 11 December 1952) is a Chilean visual artist. Best known for monochrome and contemporary photography, she has also worked in poetry, film, and animation, and is a member of the artistic collective Grupo 8.

Monochrome photography
Monochrome photography  is photography where each position on an image can record and show a different amount of light (value), but not a different color (hue). The majority of monochrome photographs produced today are black-and-white, either from a gelatin silver process, or as digital photography. Other hues besides grey can be used to create monochrome photography, but brown and sepia tones are the result of older processes like the albumen print, and cyan tones are the product of cyanotype prints.

As monochrome photography provides an inherently less complete reproduction than color photography, it is mostly used for artistic purposes and certain technical imaging applications.
Howard Hill
Howard Hill (born Lemuel Howard Hill and later cited Howard H. Hill; November 13, 1899 – February 4, 1975) was an expert bowman who for over two decades, from the early 1930s into the 1950s, was often introduced or billed as "The World's Greatest Archer". He established the record for winning the most bow-and-arrow field tournaments in succession, a total of 196 competitions. In addition, Hill served as a supporting actor, trick-shot performer, and technical adviser on archery for Hollywood shorts and feature films. He also produced and directed documentaries and instructional films on bowhunting, and in the 1950s published two books on the subject, Hunting the Hard Way and Wild Adventure.

Bowhunting
Bowhunting (or bow hunting) is the practice of hunting game animals by archery. Many indigenous peoples have employed the technique as their primary hunting method for thousands of years, and it has survived into contemporary use for sport and hunting.
Big Rapids Public Schools
Big Rapids Public Schools is a public school district in Mecosta County, Michigan. It serves Big Rapids, and parts of the townships of Big Rapids, Chippewa, Colfax, Grant, Green, and Martiny. It also serves parts of Barton, Goodwell, Monroe, and Norwich townships in Newaygo County.

Newaygo County, Michigan
Newaygo County (/nəweɪɡoʊ/ nə-WAY-goh) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 49,978. The county seat is White Cloud. The county was created in 1840, and was organized in 1851. It was either named for an Ojibwe leader who signed the Treaty of Saginaw in 1819 or for an Algonquian word meaning "much water".
Connecticut's 27th State Senate district
Connecticut's 27th State Senate district elects one member of the Connecticut State Senate. It encompasses parts of Stamford and Darien. The district has been represented by Democrat Patricia Billie Miller since 2021.

Darien, Connecticut
Darien (/ˌdɛəriˈæn/ DAIR-ee-AN) is a coastal town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is the smallest town on Connecticut's Gold Coast.

Situated on the Long Island Sound between the cities of Stamford and Norwalk, Darien is a commuter town for New York City. There are two railroad stations in Darien, Noroton Heights and Darien, linking the town to Grand Central Terminal.
HD 192699
HD 192699 is a star located approximately 238 light-years away in the constellation of Aquila. It has the apparent magnitude of 6.45. Based on its mass of 1.68 solar, it was an A-type star when it was a main-sequence. In April 2007, a planet was announced orbiting the star, together with HD 175541 b and HD 210702 b.

Although the published spectral class of G8 IV suggests that HD 192699 is a subgiant, models of the star suggest it has reached the base of the red giant branch, having developed a degenerate helium core.

The star HD 192699 is named Chechia. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Tunisia, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Chechia is a flat-surfaced, traditional red wool hat.

HD 175541 b
HD 175541 b, also named Kavian, is a jovian planet  located approximately 424 light-years away in the constellation of Serpens, orbiting the star HD 175541. This planet was discovered in April 2007. Despite the distance of planet to star slightly more than Earth to the Sun, the period is less than 300 days that orbits in an eccentric orbit, because the parent star is 65% more massive than the Sun.

The planet HD 175541 b is called Kavian. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Iran, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Kaveh (name of the star HD 175541) carries a banner called Derafsh Kaviani in the Shahnameh.

The discovery of this planet and two others: HD 192699 b and HD 210702 b around intermediate-mass stars provide clues about the formation and  history of migration of planets around the A-type stars.
Frederick Winthrop Ramsdell
Frederick Winthrop Ramsdell (9 December 1865 – 27 May 1915) was an American artist, best known for his iconic poster advertising American Crescent Cycles.

His father was attorney Thomas Jefferson Ramsdell. Frederick Ramsdell was from Manistee, Michigan and studied at the Art Students League of New York under James Carroll Beckwith and later in Paris under R. Collin. (possibly Arthur George Collins). His work was shown at the Paris Salon between 1891 and 1898. He spent some years in France and Italy before returning to the States and settling in Connecticut. He owned two properties – one in Lyme on Grassy Hill Road in 1907 and the second in Old Lyme on Sill Lane in 1915.

Ramsdell became a member of the Impressionist Old Lyme Art Colony in 1907, and the Lyme Art Association, exhibiting with them between 1907 and 1915.

Lyme Art Association
Lyme Art Association (LAA) is a nonprofit art organization established in 1914, with roots going back to 1902. The LAA maintains a historic art gallery located at 90 Lyme Street in the Old Lyme Historic District, Old Lyme, Connecticut. The gallery was built in 1921 to a design prepared by the architect and artist Charles A. Platt. The association holds exhibitions throughout the year, featuring the work of member artists as well as visiting ones, with an emphasis on representational art. The building has a north-light studio, where the association conducts classes year-round.
Tourism in the United Arab Emirates
Tourism in the United Arab Emirates is an important part of the Emirati economy. In 2023, the tourism sector employed 809,300 people and contributed 220 billion dirham to the national gross domestic product (GDP), accounting for 12% of it. In 2024, the UAE was the 6th destination globally by international tourism receipts according to the World Tourism rankings, and it ranked 18th globally in the Travel and Tourism Development Index.

The country's major tourist attractions include the Burj Khalifa, Dubai Mall, and Palm Jumeirah in Dubai, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque and Yas Island in Abu Dhabi, and Al Hajar Mountains in Fujairah.

United Arab Emirates dirham
The Emirati dirham (symbol: ; currency code: AED; /ˈdɪər(h)əm/;) Arabic: درهم إماراتي, abbreviation: د.إ in Arabic, Dh; is the official currency of the United Arab Emirates. The dirham is subdivided into 100 fils (فلس). It is pegged to the United States dollar at a constant exchange rate of approximately 3.67 AED to 1 USD. In March 2025, the UAE Central Bank announced the creation of a Dirham currency symbol, , derived from the Latin letter D crossed with two horizontal lines.
Rob Purdham
Rob Purdham (born 14 April 1980) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. An England international representative loose forward, he previously played for Whitehaven and London Broncos/Harlequins. Purdham also operated as a centre, stand-off or second-row. Purdham is a former captain of the England national team.

2008 Rugby League World Cup squads
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup featured the national teams (selected from twenty-four-man squads) of ten nations: Australia, England, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, France, Scotland, Ireland, Samoa, and Tonga.
Eva Berglund
Eva Berglund (born 14 February 1984) is a Swedish swimmer from Jönköping, representing Jönköpings SS.

She has participated in some international championship in open water long distance events. She became the first Swedish swimmer competing in a European Championship in Open Water on 26 July 2006 in Lake Balaton, Hungary, during the 2006 European Championships in Aquatics. She finished 11th on the 5 km race. She took part in the 2007 World Championships (5 and 10 km) and the 2008 Olympic Games (10 km).

Lake Balaton
Lake Balaton (Hungarian: [ˈbɒlɒton]) is a freshwater rift lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The Zala River provides the largest inflow of water to the lake, and the canalized Sió is the only outflow.

The mountainous region of the northern shore is known both for its historic character and as a major wine region, while the flat southern shore is known for its resort towns. Balatonfüred and Hévíz developed early as resorts for the wealthy, but it was not until the late 19th century when landowners, ruined by Phylloxera attacking their grape vines, began building summer homes to rent out to the burgeoning middle class.