hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alternative education
Alternative education encompasses educational philosophy differing from mainstream pedagogy and evidence-based education. Such alternative learning environments may be found at state, charter, and independent schools and in home-based learning environments. Many educational alternatives emphasize small class sizes, close relationships between students and teachers, and a sense of community.

The legal framework for such education varies by locality and determines any obligation to conform with mainstream standard tests and grades.

Alternative pedagogical approaches may include different structures, such as the open classroom, different teacher-student relationships, as in Quaker and free schools, and differing curricula and teaching methods, as in Waldorf and Montessori schools. Synonyms for "alternative" in this context include "non-traditional" and "non-conventional". Alternative educators use terms such as "holistic".

Evidence-based education
Evidence-based education (EBE) is the principle that education practices should be based on the best available scientific evidence, with randomised trials as the gold standard of evidence, rather than tradition, personal judgement, or other influences. Evidence-based education is related to evidence-based teaching, evidence-based learning, and school effectiveness research.

The evidence-based education movement has its roots in the larger movement towards evidence-based practices, and has been the subject of considerable debate since the late 1990s. However, research published in 2020 showed that, despite absence of empirical evidence, belief is high amongst educators in teaching techniques such as matching instruction to a few supposed learning styles and the cone of learning.
Wega 180
The Wega 180 is a Brazilian amateur-built aircraft designed and produced by Wega Aircraft (Wega Industria Aeronautica) of Palhoça, Santa Catarina, introduced at the Sun 'n Fun airshow in 2013. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Sun 'n Fun
Sun 'n Fun Aerospace Expo (officially styled SUN 'n FUN) is a nonprofit organization in Lakeland, Florida dedicated to the promotion of aviation education. It is best known for the annual week-long fly-in and airshow at Lakeland Linder International Airport in Lakeland, Florida, usually held during late March or early April.

Previously called the 'Sun 'n Fun International Fly-In and Expo, for 2020 the event was officially renamed the Sun 'n Fun Aerospace Expo in April 2019.

In addition to the fly-in, at one time Sun 'n Fun also operated the Florida Air Museum and supported the Central Florida Aerospace Academy—an aviation-focused career academy operated by the Polk County School Board as part of Kathleen High School. In October 2019 a reorganization made the fly-in part of the Aerospace Center for Excellence, a non-profit organization that was established in 2014 to provide young students with science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) instruction.
Nitnem
Nitnem (Punjabi: ਨਿਤਨੇਮ, lit. 'daily routine') is a collection of Sikh hymns (Gurbani) to be read minimally 3 different times of the day. These are mandatory and to be read by every Amritdhari Sikh as expressed in the Sikh Rehat Maryada (the official Sikh Code of Conduct which acts as the ultimate "rulebook" for Amritdhari Sikhs). Optionally additional prayers may be added to a Sikh's nitnem. There are three hymns which are officially mandated by the Sikh Rehat Maryada to be recited at Amrit Vela (early hours of the morning between 2AM and 6AM), although two more are commonly recited alongside these, forming the 5 Baania (5 hymns). The Rehras Sahib hymn is also mandated in the evening, followed by Kirtan Sohila at night. The morning and evening prayers should be followed by an Ardaas.

Sukhmani Sahib
Sukhmani Sahib (Punjabi: ਸੁਖਮਨੀ ਸਾਹਿਬ), known under the title of Gauri Sukhmani in the scripture (named after the Gauri raga musical measure it belongs to), is usually translated to mean Prayer of Peace is a set of 192 padas (stanzas of 10 hymns) present in the holy Guru Granth Sahib, the main scripture and living Guru of Sikhism from Ang 262 to Ang 296 (about 35 count). This Gurbani text (writing of the Gurus) was written by the 5th Guru, Guru Arjan (1563–1606) at Amritsar in around 1602. Guru Arjan first recited the bani at Gurdwara Barth Sahib in the Gurdaspur district of Punjab, India.
Carl Weintraub
Carl Weintraub (born March 27, 1946) is an American actor who appeared on numerous television shows from the 1970s to the 2000s in addition to several films.

Weintraub had a starring role in Coins in the Fountain. He appeared in Beverly Hills Cop and Air Force One. He has also been featured in guest appearances Without a Trace, 8 Simple Rules, Judging Amy, ER, Days of Our Lives, Baywatch Nights, Cagney & Lacey, Trapper John, M.D., Remington Steele, Hill Street Blues, Barnaby Jones and Police Woman.

As a voice actor, Weintraub has appeared in Oliver & Company as the voice of DeSoto.

In 2013, he performed in Breadcrumbs Along the Trail, a solo performance. He is a founder of We Tell Stories, a theatre group.

Weintraub is also a partner in the Firefly Bistro in Pasadena, California.

Hill Street Blues
Hill Street Blues is an American serial police procedural television series that aired on NBC in prime-time from January 15, 1981, to May 12, 1987, for 146 episodes. The show chronicles the lives of the Metropolitan Police Department staff of a single police station located on Hill Street in an unnamed large U.S. city. The "blues" are the police officers in their blue uniforms.

The show received critical acclaim, and its production innovations influenced many subsequent dramatic television series produced in the United States and Canada. In 1981, the series won eight Emmy Awards, a debut season record surpassed only by The West Wing, in 2000. The show won a total of 26 Emmy Awards (out of 98 Emmy Award nominations) during its run, including four consecutive wins for Outstanding Drama Series from 1981–1984.
John Vianney
John Vianney (born Jean-Marie Vianney [ʒɑ̃ maʁi vjanɛ] and later Jean-Marie-Baptiste Vianney; 8 May 1786 – 4 August 1859) was a French Catholic priest and member of the Third Order of Mary, often referred to as the Curé d'Ars ("the parish priest of Ars"). He is known for his priestly and pastoral work in his parish in Ars, France, resulting in the radical spiritual transformation of the community and its surroundings.

Catholics note his saintly life, mortification, persevering ministry in the sacrament of confession, and ardent devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was canonized in 1925 and his feast day is August 4. He is the patron saint of parish priests.

Antipolo
Antipolo, officially the City of Antipolo (Filipino: Lungsod ng Antipolo), is a component city and capital of the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 913,712 people. It is the most populous city in Rizal Province and in Calabarzon region, and the seventh most-populous city in the Philippines. It is also the most populated city under the component city status.

Its higher elevation than that of Metro Manila and rest of Rizal affords it a scenic view of the metropolitan area and other parts of the province, especially at night. Its locally grown mangoes and cashews are popular among tourists, as well as suman – a local delicacy made out of glutinous rice. The Hinulugang Taktak National Park, which was once a popular summer get-away is being restored to become again one of the city's primary attractions because it was devastated by a typhoon.
Vinyl on Demand
Vinyl on Demand is a record label that targets vinyl collectors of 1970s and 80s minimal synth, industrial and avant-garde music. Along with sales to distributors, Vinyl on Demand provides a subscription service. Most releases are limited to 500 copies and between subscribers and distributors they often sell out.

Avant-garde music
Avant-garde music is music that is considered to be at the forefront of innovation in its field, with the term avant-garde implying a critique of existing aesthetic conventions, rejection of the status quo in favor of unique or original elements, and the idea of deliberately challenging or alienating audiences. Avant-garde music may be distinguished from experimental music by the way it adopts an extreme position within a certain tradition, whereas experimental music lies outside tradition.
Sonika Chauhan
Sonika Simone Singh Chauhan (12 July 1989 – 29 April 2017) was an Indian actress, tv host, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was a contestant at Femina Miss India and Miss Diva - 2013.

She sustained fatal injuries in a 2017 crash with Vikram Chatterjee at the wheel, leading to his arrest.

Femina Miss India
Miss India, also known as Femina Miss India, is a national beauty pageant in India that selects representatives to compete in the Miss World competition, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants. It is organized by Femina, a women's magazine published by The Times Group.

The current Femina Miss India World is Nikita Porwal from Madhya Pradesh. She was crowned by the previous titleholder, Nandini Gupta, on 16 October 2024 in Mumbai.
Salt-and-pepper noise
Salt-and-pepper noise, also known as impulse noise, is a form of noise sometimes seen on digital images. For black-and-white or grayscale images, it presents as sparsely occurring white and black pixels, giving the appearance of an image sprinkled with salt and pepper.

Salt and pepper
Salt and pepper are the common names for edible salt and ground black pepper, which are ubiquitously paired on Western dining tables as to allow for the additional seasoning of food after its preparation. During food preparation or cooking, they may also be added in combination.

Salt and pepper are typically maintained in separate shakers on the table, but they may be mixed in the kitchen. They are typically found in a set (pair), often a matched set, of salt and pepper shakers. They may be considered condiments or seasonings; salt is a mineral and black pepper is a spice.
Shin-Fujiwara Station
Shin-Fujiwara Station (新藤原駅, Shin-Fujiwara-eki; lit. "New Fujiwara Station") is a junction railway station in the city of Nikkō, Tochigi, Japan, jointly operated by the private railway operators Yagan Railway and Tobu Railway. The station is numbered "TN-58" in the Tobu Railway system.

Tobu Railway
The Tobu Railway Company, Ltd. (東武鉄道株式会社, Tōbu Tetsudō kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese commuter railway and keiretsu holding company in the Greater Tokyo Area as well as an intercity and regional operator in the Kantō region. Excluding the Japan Railways Group companies, Tobu's 463.3 km (287.9 mi) rail system is the second longest in Japan after Kintetsu. It serves large portions of Saitama Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture, as well as northern Tokyo and western Chiba Prefecture. The Tobu Railway Company is listed in the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 index.

The Tobu corporate group is also engaged in road transportation (bus/taxi), real estate, and retail. It is the owner of the Tokyo Skytree, the third tallest tower in the world. The company is a member of the Fuyo Group keiretsu.

The name "Tobu" is formed from the kanji for east (東) and Musashi (武蔵), the initial area served.
Project Enlightenment
Project Enlightenment
is a historical interpretation society affiliated with McLean High School.  The project was begun in 1992 by Physics teacher Dean Howarth, who estimated in 2008 that 400-500 members had passed through the group in 16 years, although this figure is unsubstantiated. 
In 2011, it was expanded into a fully credited Living History class.

The group focuses on the late eighteenth-century enlightenment era.  A wide range of subject areas are represented by members, including the natural sciences, music, literature, military affairs, art, and politics.  It is unusual among similar reenacting groups in its extensive interpretation of civilian affairs, especially scientific.

McLean High School
McLean High School is a public high school within the Fairfax County Public Schools in McLean, Virginia, United States. In 2024, U.S. News & World Report rated McLean the 218th-best U.S. public high school, and fifth-best in Virginia.
G393/394 Beijing–Harbin through train
The G393/394 Beijing–Harbin through train (Chinese: G393/394次北京南到哈尔滨西高速动车组列车) is a Chinese railway running between the capital Beijing to Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang express passenger trains by the Harbin Railway Bureau, Harbin passenger segment responsible for passenger transport task, Harbin originating on the Beijing train. CRH380BG Type Passenger trains running along the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, Tianjin–Qinhuangdao High-Speed Railway, Qinhuangdao–Shenyang High-Speed Railway and Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway across Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing and other provinces and cities, the entire 1335 km. Beijing South railway station to Harbin West railway station running 7 hours and 7 minutes, use trips for G393; Harbin West railway station to Beijing South railway station to run 7 hours and 36 minutes, use trips for G394.

Tianjin–Qinhuangdao high-speed railway
Tianjin–Qinhuangdao high-speed railway (Chinese: 津秦客运专线 or 津秦高铁) is a high-speed railway linking Tianjin and Qinhuangdao, Hebei. This railway is part of the Coastal corridor line of the National high-speed rail grid. It links up Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway and Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway. The line opened on December 1, 2013.
Galder (incantation)
In old Germanic culture, a galder (lit. 'gale-der, yell-der'; Old English: ġealdor, galdor, Middle English: galder; Old Norse: galdr; Old High German: galdar, galstar), among other forms in old Germanic languages, refers to a spell or incantation; these were usually performed in combination with certain rites.

During the Middle Ages, the term galder often became synonymous with "witchcraft" and "magic" as a whole. In Old Icelandic and Old Swedish, a word for witch was "galder woman" (Old Icelandic: galdrakona; Old Swedish: galderkona, gallirkona; lit. 'galder-quean'), and the construction also exist in German as Galsterweib (lit. 'galder wife').

It was performed by both women and men. Some scholars have proposed they chanted it in falsetto (gala).

Germanic culture
Germanic culture is a term referring to the culture of Germanic peoples, and can be used to refer to a range of time periods and nationalities, but is most commonly used in either a historical or contemporary context to denote groups that derive from the Proto-Germanic language, which is generally thought to have emerged as a distinct language after 500 BC. Germanic culture had many notable influences from the Roman Empire, who gave the tribe its Latin name, Germani. Over time the various different local and regional dialects of the language have diverged and each has adopted several distinct geographical and national properties, with an estimated 37 Germanic languages and around 500 million speakers worldwide.
Quito Metropolitan Cathedral
The Quito Metropolitan Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral Metropolitana de Quito), is a Catholic cathedral in Quito, Ecuador. Located on the southwestern side of the Plaza de la Independencia (La Plaza Grande), it (and its predecessor building) served as a seat of the Diocese of Quito from 1545 until 1848 when it was elevated to Archdiocese. In 1995, it was elevated to the Cathedral of Ecuador, making it the seniormost Catholic church in the country.

Archdiocese of Quito
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Quito is the Catholic archdiocese in the capital city of Ecuador, Quito. It was established as the Diocese of Quito on 8 January 1545, before being elevated to archdiocese level on January 13, 1848 by Pope Pius IX.
Marada arcanum
Marada arcanum is an extinct species of marsupial discovered in 2001 at the Oligocene Hiatus Site at Riversleigh. It is the only member of the genus Marada. It exhibits plesiomorphic and apomorphic features making the determination of its taxonomic placement difficult. It has been placed within its own family, Maradidae. The specimen consists of the right dentary, with the first incisor but missing the crown, the whole of the horizontal ramus with intact premolar three and molars one to four. The posterior is missing the coronoid process, the articular condyle and the angular process.

The new species, genus, and family were described in 2007 by the Australian palaeontologist Karen Black

Incisor
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whereas armadillos, anteaters and other animals in the superorder Xenarthra have none.
Mahmood Al Zarooni
Mahmood Al Zarooni (born October 16, 1975) is an Emirati racehorse trainer. In 2010 he was appointed as one of Godolphin's two trainers in Newmarket and Dubai, along with Saeed bin Suroor. His first winner was Calming Influence, who won the Group 2 Godolphin Mile on 27 March 2010 at the Dubai World Cup meeting.

On 22 April 2013, the British Horseracing Authority disclosed that 11 horses trained by Al Zarooni at Moulton Paddocks in Newmarket tested positive for anabolic steroids. He admitted being in breach of the rules of racing. All 11 horses were banned from racing and Al Zarooni faced disciplinary charges.  On 25 April 2013, he was banned from racing for eight years.

In June 2021, Al Zarooni announced his return to racing.  His racing licence was returned by the Emirates Racing Authority and he started training at the Sharjah Equestrian Club.  His first runner after returning from the ban was Major Cinnamon at Meydan Racecourse on 4 November 2021, who finished unplaced.

Blue Bunting (horse)
Blue Bunting (foaled 20 March 2008) is an American-bred, British-trained thoroughbred racehorse which won the classic 1000 Guineas at Newmarket Racecourse in 2011. In a racing career which lasted from July 2010 until September 2011 she won five of her eight races. After winning two of her three races in 2010, she was an upset winner of the 1000 Guineas on her first start as a three-year-old. She was beaten when favourite for The Oaks but returned to record further Group One successes in the Irish Oaks and the Yorkshire Oaks. She ran poorly in the St Leger in autumn and was retired from racing after sustaining an injury early in 2012.
Gran Rio
Gran Rio (lit. 'Big River') is a river of Suriname. The Gran Rio joins with the Pikin Rio to form the Upper Suriname River. The river runs from the northern hills of the Eilerts de Haan Mountains. It has a stony bottom, forms many tiny islands and has many rapids. The river was first explored in 1908 by Eilerts de Haan to find the source of the Suriname River.

Eilerts de Haan Mountains
The Eilerts de Haan Mountains (Dutch: Eilerts de Haangebergte) are a mountain range in Sipaliwini District, Suriname. It is a southern part of Wilhelmina Mountains and is maximum 986 m high. The mountain range is part of the Central Suriname Nature Reserve.

The first scientific expeditions were made in the early 20th century by cartographer Eilerts de Haan, who died of malaria in 1910 and is buried at the bottom of this mountain range.
Katalin Szentgyörgyi
Katalin Szentgyörgyi (born 1 January 1979) is a retired Hungarian long-distance runner who specialized in the 5000 metres.

In 1996, she finished in 13th place in the women's 5000 metres at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics held in Sydney, Australia. She won the junior race at the 1998 European Cross Country Championships, and the senior gold medal at the 2000 European Cross Country Championships. She finished fourteenth in the 5000 metres at the 1999 World Championships.

Her personal best times were 4:11.18 minutes in the 1500 metres, achieved in May 1999 in Bucharest; 8:32.70 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in July 2001 in Saint-Denis; 15:02.00 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in June 2002 in Hengelo; and 32:27.69 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in April 2001 in Barakaldo. The 3000 and 5000 results are Hungarian records.

1999 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres
These are the official results of the Women's 5000 metres event at the 1999 IAAF World Championships in Seville, Spain. There were a total number of 44 participating athletes, with two qualifying heats and the final held on Friday 27 August 1999 at 21:15h.
Tewis de Bruyn
Tewis de Bruyn (born 5 August 1982) is a South African former rugby union footballer. He regularly played as a scrum-half and occasionally as a fly-half. He represented the Free State Cheetahs in the Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup competitions and the Cheetahs in Super Rugby for the majority of his career. He retired at the end of the 2013 season following a back injury to take up a coaching role at his alma mater, Grey College, Bloemfontein.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Dun, Angus
Dun is a rural parish in Angus, Scotland. It contains the House of Dun, home of the Erskine family and is a stop on the Caledonian Railway. It is located on the river South Esk, west of Montrose and east of Brechin.

In 1785-7, a bridge was built there across the South Esk.

The writer Violet Jacob was born at the House of Dun. William Chalmers Burns, a famous Scottish evangelist was born at Dun in 1815.

Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
Engelberg Tunnel
The Engelberg Tunnel is a motorway tunnel on the German A81 Autobahn (motorway) just to the west of Stuttgart on the outskirts of Leonberg. During World War II it was used as a Nazi forced labor factory for the manufacture and storage of aircraft parts.

The name is sometimes used to refer to the Old Engelberg Tunnel—which was Germany's second ever motorway tunnel—and sometimes used to refer to its successor, the completely rebuilt Lower Engelberg Tunnel. Both travel under the Engelberg hill to the east of Leonberg on the Stuttgart to Heilbronn A81 motorway.

Heilbronn
Heilbronn (German pronunciation: [haɪlˈbʁɔn] ⓘ) is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by the Heilbronn District.

From the late Middle Ages on, it developed into an important trading centre. At the beginning of the 19th century, Heilbronn became one of the centres of early industrialisation in Württemberg. Heilbronn's old town was completely destroyed during the air raid of 4 December 1944 and rebuilt in the 1950s. Today Heilbronn is the economic centre of the Heilbronn-Franken region.

Heilbronn is known for its wine industry and is nicknamed Käthchenstadt, after Heinrich von Kleist's Das Käthchen von Heilbronn.

In October 2025, Heilbronn was named the European Green Capital for 2027.