hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Semilimax pyrenaicus
Semilimax pyrenaicus is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vitrinidae. It is a large greyish-brown snail that cannot fully retract into its shell.

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
Georgia Interscholastic Association
The Georgia Interscholastic Association (GIA), formed in 1948, was a sports league of high schools serving African Americans in Georgia. It merged into the Georgia High School Association with desegregation in 1970. As If We Were Ghosts is a documentary film made about the league and its athletes. The Georgia Interscholastic Association held state championship competitions from 1948–70 and joined the Georgia High School Association the following year.

Ralph Bunche High School
Ralph Bunche High School was a school constructed in 1949 as a result of Civil Action 631 to provide "separate but equal" education for African-American students in King George County, Virginia.  The school operated until 1968 when King George High School was completed and the county's schools integrated.  The school was named for Ralph Bunche, an African-American educator, diplomat and Nobel Prize winner.
Hamid Shah
Hamid Ali Mazhar Shah (born 2 August 1992) is a Danish cricketer, who plays for Denmark's national cricket team. He made his debut for the Danish national side in July 2010. He is a right-handed all-rounder who bowls off spin.

Malaysia national cricket team
The Malaysia national cricket team represents Malaysia in international cricket matches. The team is organised by the Malaysian Cricket Association which has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1967.

During the British colonial period, the Federated Malay States, Straits Settlements and Malaya cricket teams played regularly in Interport matches and against other visiting teams. Following Malaysian independence, the team's most frequent opponent has been Singapore in the Saudara Cup and Stan Nagaiah Trophy. Malaysia made its debut in ICC tournaments in the inaugural 1979 ICC Trophy, making regular appearances until ICC pathways were altered in the 2000s and hosting the 1997 ICC Trophy. Malaysia has regularly hosted Asian Cricket Council (ACC) tournaments and finished runner-up in the 1998 ACC Trophy. In the World Cricket League the team reached as high as Division Three, subsequently being placed in the ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.
Marsman
Marsman is a Dutch surname. It is either an occupational surname, with the meaning "peddler, hawker" (similar to the surname Kramer), or a toponymic surname, with more or less the meaning "marsh man". People with the surname include:

Gooitske Marsman (born 1965), Dutch judoka

Hendrik Marsman (1899–1940), Dutch poet and writer

Hendrik Jan Marsman (1937–2012), Dutch writer, poet, novelist and translator known by his pen name J. Bernlef

Margot Marsman (1932–2018), Dutch swimmer

Nick Marsman (born 1990), Dutch football goalkeeper

J. Bernlef
Hendrik Jan Marsman (14 January 1937 – 29 October 2012), better known by his pen name, J. Bernlef, was a Dutch writer, poet, novelist and translator, much of whose work centres on mental perception of reality and its expression. He won numerous literary awards, including the Constantijn Huygens Prize in 1984 and the P. C. Hooft Award in 1994, both of which were for his work as a whole. His book Hersenschimmen features on the list of NRC's Best Dutch novels.
Prosopocoilus buddha
Prosopocoilus buddha is a species of stag beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in the tribe Cladognathini.  This Asian species is variable, with several known subspecies and widely distributed from India to Sulawesi.

Scarabaeoidea
Scarabaeoidea is a superfamily of beetles, the only subgroup of the infraorder Scarabaeiformia. Around 35,000 species are placed in this superfamily and some 200 new species are described each year.  Some of its constituent families are undergoing revision, and the family list below is provisional. This superfamily includes some of the largest beetles extant today, including rhinoceros beetles (Dynastinae), especially the Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules) and the Goliath beetles (Goliathus sp.).

The oldest confirmed member of the group is the extinct genus Alloioscarabaeus from the Middle Jurassic period Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China.
Kashk
Kashk, kishk, (Persian: کشک Kašk, Turkish: keş), (Sorani Kurdish: کەشک) qurut, qurt, kurut, kurt, qqet, jameed, shilanch (Tuvan and Kyrgyz: курут, Kazakh: құрт, Turkish: kurut, Turkmen: gurt, Uzbek: qurut, Tajik: қурут, Persian: قروت), chortan (Armenian: չորթան chort’an), aaruul or khuruud (Mongolian: ааруул or хурууд) is a range of dairy products popular in Iranian cuisine, Caucasian cuisine, and Central Asian cuisine. Kashk is made from strained yogurt, drained buttermilk (in particular, drained qatiq) or drained sour milk by shaping it and letting it dry. It can be made in a variety of forms: rolled into balls, sliced into strips, and formed into chunks.

There are three main kinds of food products with this name: foods based on curdled milk products like yogurt or cheese; foods based on barley broth, bread, or flour; and foods based on cereals combined with curdled milk.

Tuvan language
Tuvan, also spelt Tyvan, is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in South Central Siberia, Russia. There are small groups of Tuvans that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in China and Mongolia.
Lagarith
Lagarith is an open source lossless video codec written by Ben Greenwood. It is a fork of the code of HuffYUV and offers better compression at the cost of greatly reduced speed on uniprocessor systems. Lagarith was designed and written with a few aims in mind:

Speed

While not as fast as HuffYUV, it still outperforms most other lossless video codecs when it comes to encoding times, although decoding speed may be slower. Recent versions also support parallelizing on multi-processor systems.

Color-space support

Color-space conversions can cause rounding errors, introducing data loss, contrary to the ideal of lossless video compression. Lagarith attempts to avoid this problem by supporting YV12, YUY2, RGB, and RGBA colorspaces.

Keyframes

Disallowing inter-prediction means that each frame can be separately decoded. This makes cutting, joining and seeking much easier.

These three things, as well as being more efficient at compression than HuffYUV, make it editing stage.

Key frame
In animation and filmmaking, a key frame (or keyframe) is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of a smooth transition. These are called frames because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with "inbetweens".
Congener (beverages)
In the alcoholic beverage industry, congeners are substances produced during fermentation other than the desired type of alcohol (ethanol). These substances include small amounts of chemicals such as methanol and other alcohols (known as fusel alcohols), acetone, acetaldehyde, esters, tannins, and aldehydes (e.g., furfural). Congeners are responsible for most of the taste and aroma of distilled alcoholic beverages and contribute to the taste of non-distilled drinks. Brandy, rum, and red wine have the highest amount of congeners, while vodka and beer have the least.

Congeners are the basis of alcohol congener analysis, a sub-discipline of forensic toxicology that determines what a person drank.

There is some evidence that high-congener drinks induce more severe hangovers, but the effect is not well studied and is still secondary to the total amount of ethanol consumed.

Furfural
Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H3OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It has an aldehyde group attached to the 2-position of furan. It is a product of the dehydration of sugars, as occurs in a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust. The name furfural comes from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran, referring to its usual source. Furfural is derived only from dried biomass. In addition to ethanol, acetic acid, and sugar, furfural is one of the oldest known organic chemicals available readily purified from natural precursors.
Đoan Hùng district
Đoan Hùng is a former rural district of Phú Thọ province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 105,242. The district covers an area of 302 km2. The district capital lies at Đoan Hùng.

Phú Thọ province
Phú Thọ (Vietnamese pronunciation: [fǔ t̺ʰɔ̂ˀ]) is a province in northern Vietnam. Its administration center Việt Trì ward is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Hanoi and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Nội Bài International Airport. The province covers an area of 9,631.38 km2 (3,718.70 mi2) and, as of 2025, it had a population of 4,022,638.
Tim Maupin
Tim Maupin (born March 23, 1989) is a rugby union player who plays for NOLA Gold in Major League Rugby (MLR) and for the United States men's national team internationally. He also has played for the USA Selects.

New Orleans Gold
The New Orleans Gold (stylized as NOLA Gold) were an American professional rugby union team based in the New Orleans metropolitan area that competed in Major League Rugby (MLR). The team was founded in 2017. Since January 2020, French rugby power ASM Clermont Auvergne has owned a minority stake in the team. The team withdrew from competition at the end of the 2025 Major League Rugby season.
Dyspontium
Dyspontium (Ancient Greek: Δυσπόντιον) was one of the eight towns of Pisatis in ancient Elis. It was situated in the plain between Elis and Olympia, north of the river Alpheus and not far from the sea. It has been identified with the modern village Skafidia. Pausanias writes that in the time of king Pyrrhus of Pisatis, the cities of Pisa, Makistos, Scillus, and Dyspontium rebelled against the Eleans because of the organization of the Olympic Games. Pisa and its allies were defeated and their cities were destroyed (c. 575 BCE). After the city was destroyed, many of its inhabitants moved to Epidamnus and Apollonia. 
According to local legend, the town was founded by Dysponteus, son of Oenomaus, though Stephanus of Byzantium refers to him as a son of Pelops.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Plant small nucleolar RNA R71
In molecular biology, small nucleolar RNA R71 (also known as snoRNA R71)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

R71 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Multiple, nearly identical copies of this snoRNA have been identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome  and it is thought to function as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical and mechanical factor of the ribosome that forces transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in most cells; it makes up about 80% of cellular RNA despite never being translated into proteins itself. Ribosomes are composed of approximately 60% rRNA and 40% ribosomal proteins, though this ratio differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Houston Methodist Baytown Hospital
Houston Methodist Baytown Hospital, located in Baytown, Texas, near the San Jacinto Battle Monument, is one of seven community hospitals that are part of Houston Methodist. It employs about 1,500 people, has an estimated 500 affiliated doctors and admits more than 12,700 patients annually. The hospital serves communities in Harris, Chambers, Liberty and Montgomery counties.

Montgomery County, Texas
Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 620,443, and was estimated to be 749,613 in 2024. Its county seat is Conroe.

Montgomery County is part of the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area.
World Scrabble Championships
The World Scrabble Championships are annual or semiannual events in which competitors vie to win Scrabble matches in languages specific to the championship.

These include:

The English World Scrabble Championship which has taken place every two years since 1991

The Spanish World Scrabble Championship which has taken place every year since 1997

The French World Scrabble Championships which have taken place every year since 1972

The Catalan World Scrabble Championship which has taken place every two years since 2005

Scrabble
Scrabble is a word game in which two to four players score points by placing tiles, each bearing a single letter, onto a game board divided into a 15×15 grid of squares. The tiles must form words that, in crossword fashion, read left to right in rows or downward in columns and are included in a standard dictionary or lexicon.

American architect Alfred Mosher Butts invented the game in 1931. Scrabble is produced in the United States and Canada by Hasbro, under the brands of both of its subsidiaries, Milton Bradley and Parker Brothers. Mattel owns the rights to manufacture Scrabble outside the U.S. and Canada. As of 2008, the game is sold in 121 countries and is available in more than 30 languages; approximately 150 million sets have been sold worldwide, and roughly one-third of American homes and half of British homes have a Scrabble set. There are approximately 4,000 Scrabble clubs around the world.
William Bussing
William Albert Bussing (September 27, 1933 - November 17, 2014), known as Don William, was an American ichthyologist who spent most of his career on the faculty of the Universidad de Costa Rica, working there from 1966 to 1991. He was appointed professor in 1978 and when he retired he became emeritus professor.

University of Costa Rica
The University of Costa Rica (Spanish: Universidad de Costa Rica, abbreviated UCR) is a public university in the Republic of Costa Rica, in Central America.  Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio,  is located in San Pedro Montes de Oca, in the province of San José.  It is the oldest and largest institution of higher learning in Costa Rica, originally established as the Universidad de Santo Tomás in 1843. Approximately 45,000 students attend UCR throughout the year.
Nacaugna, California
Nacaugna (also Nakaugna and Nicaugna) is a former Tongva-Gabrieleño settlement located in Downey, California at what was once Rancho Santa Gertrudes or Carpenter's Ranch. The village was referred to in San Gabriel Mission records after villagers were brought to the mission to be baptized and used for their labor to work the mission grounds. It was located in close proximity to the mission and likely declined quickly after it was founded. The village was located downstream from the village of Sejat.

Downey, California
Downey is a city in southeastern Los Angeles County, California, United States, 13 mi (21 km) southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. It is considered part of the Gateway Cities. The city is the birthplace of the Apollo space program and Taco Bell. It is also the home of the oldest operating McDonald's restaurant in the world. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 114,355.
Teddington Urban District
Teddington was a local government district in west Middlesex around the village of Teddington from 1894 to 1937.

Teddington Urban District succeeded the local board of health following the Local Government Act 1894. The board had purchased Elmfield House in the High Street shortly before it was dissolved and the fifteen-member Urban Council used it for meetings and offices until its dissolution. In 1900 the urban district was divided into four wards; Fulwell, Lower Teddington, Upper Teddington and South Teddington.

The urban district was abolished in 1934, when a county review order included its area in an enlarged Municipal Borough of Twickenham. However, local resistance to the proposal delayed implementation and the District continued to function until 1937. Elmfield House remained in use as council offices and was Grade II listed in 1952. It was subsequently sold in 2008 and converted to mixed use as private flats and a dental practice.

Local Government Act 1929
The Local Government Act 1929 (19 & 20 Geo. 5. c. 17) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made changes to the Poor Law and local government in England and Wales.

The act abolished the system of poor law unions in England and Wales and their boards of guardians, transferring their powers to local authorities. It also gave county councils increased powers over highways, and made provisions for the restructuring of urban and rural districts as more efficient local government areas.
House of Haro
The House of Haro was one of the most powerful families of Castile during the Middle Ages, which strongly supported the expansionist policies of Alfonso VI of Castile. As a reward, Íñigo López was named the first Lord of Biscay.

In the early 16th century, the Haro family married paternally into the House of Sotomayor establishing a branch that would go on to hold dominion over the Marquesado del Carpio established in 1559 by King Philip II of Spain.

Expansionist nationalism
Expansionist nationalism, is an aggressive radical form of nationalism or ethnic nationalism (ethnonationalism) that incorporates autonomous, heightened ethnic consciousness and patriotic sentiments with atavistic fears and hatreds focused on "other" or foreign peoples, framing a belief in expansion or recovery of formerly owned territories through militaristic means.
Regression diagnostic
In statistics, a regression diagnostic is one of a set of procedures available for regression analysis that seek to assess the validity of a model in any of a number of different ways. This assessment may be an exploration of the model's underlying statistical assumptions, an examination of the structure of the model by considering formulations that have fewer, more or different explanatory variables, or a study of subgroups of observations, looking for those that are either poorly represented by the model (outliers) or that have a relatively large effect on the regression model's predictions.

A regression diagnostic may take the form of a graphical result, informal quantitative results or a formal statistical hypothesis test, each of which provides guidance for further stages of a regression analysis.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.
Sounds Good Feels Good
Sounds Good Feels Good is the second studio album by Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer. It was released on 23 October 2015 through the labels Hi or Hey and Capitol Records. In support of the album, the band embarked on the Sounds Live Feels Live World Tour.

Recording sessions took place from 2014 to 2015, in the United States. Record production of the album was handled by John Feldmann, The Monsters and the Strangerz, David Hodges and Mike Green. Recording and writing started after the band became popular worldwide with the release of their debut album, 5 Seconds of Summer, and two of its singles in particular, "She Looks So Perfect" and "Amnesia". At 52 minutes and 57 seconds in length, it is the band’s longest studio album to date. Along with being the band’s longest album, it contains their longest song to date, “Outer Space/Carry On”.

Amnesia (5 Seconds of Summer song)
"Amnesia" is a song by Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer, taken from their self-titled debut album 5 Seconds of Summer (2014). The mellow pop rock slow jam was announced as a new single during a live stream by the band on 1 July 2014, and was released to American contemporary hit radio as the third single from the album on 15 July 2014.
Donna Strickland
Donna Theo Strickland (born May 27, 1959) is a Canadian optical physicist and pioneer in the field of pulsed lasers. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018, together with Gérard Mourou, for the practical implementation of chirped pulse amplification. She is a professor at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada.

Strickland served as fellow, vice president, and president of Optica (formerly OSA), and is currently chair of its Presidential Advisory Committee. In 2018, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women. She has gone on to have the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Prize being set in her name.

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions, at the scale of one or a few atoms and energy scales around several electron volts.: 1356   The three areas are closely interrelated.  AMO theory includes classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments.  Typically, the theory and applications of emission, absorption, scattering of electromagnetic radiation (light) from excited atoms and molecules, analysis of spectroscopy, generation of lasers and masers, and the optical properties of matter in general, fall into these categories.
Happy Tooth Women's Racing
Happy Tooth Women's Racing (UCI code HAM) was a professional women's cycling team, based in the United States of America, which competed in elite women's road bicycle racing events in 2015. Before and after 2015 the team competed at domestic level.

Cycling team
A cycling team is a group of cyclists who join a team or are acquired and train together to compete in bicycle races whether amateur or professional – and the supporting personnel. Cycling teams are most important in road bicycle racing, which is a team sport, but collaboration between team members is also important in track cycling and cyclo-cross.