hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franc Snoj
Franc Snoj (28 January 1902 – 22 April 1962) was a Slovenian politician and economist.

He was a minister without portfolio in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1938 and 1939. During the Second World War, together with the other members of the Yugoslav government, he emigrated to the U.S. and then to London, where he worked for the liberation of Yugoslavia from the Axis powers.

In 1944, he returned to Slovenia, in cooperation with the Partisans of Josip Broz Tito and the approval of Edvard Kardelj, seeking to get non-communist fighters to join the Partisan struggle for liberation.

After the war, he became Minister of Transportation in the national government of Slovenia. He was the first who opposed the post-war extrajudicial killings at Kočevje Rog. Because of this opposition, in 1947 he was arrested and tried during the Nagode Trial; he was sentenced to seven years in prison, but was released after four years.

Edvard Kardelj
Edvard Kardelj (pronounced [ˈéːdʋaɾt kaɾˈdéːl]; 27 January 1910 – 10 February 1979), also known by the pseudonyms Bevc, Sperans, and Krištof, was a Yugoslav politician and economist. He was one of the leading members of the Communist Party of Slovenia before World War II. During the war, Kardelj was one of the leaders of the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People and a Slovene Partisan. After the war, he was a federal political leader in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He led the Yugoslav delegation in peace talks with Italy over the border dispute in the Julian March.

Kardelj was the main creator of the Yugoslav system of workers' self-management. He was an economist and a full member of both the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He also played a major role in foreign policy by designing the fundamental ideological basis for the Yugoslav policy of nonalignment in the 1950s and the 1960s.
Hamid Kahram
Hamid Kohram (Persian: حمید کهرام‎; c. 1958 – 19 March 2020) was an Iranian politician and veterinarian who served as a member of the Iranian Parliament representing Ahwaz between 2000 and 2004. He was also the Director General of Scholarships Office and Student Exchange, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.

During the 2017 presidential election, Kohram was the head of Hassan Rouhani's campaign in Khuzestan province.

Kohram died from COVID-19 on 19 March 2020.

Hassan Rouhani 2017 presidential campaign
Hassan Rouhani, the incumbent president of Iran, launched his reelection campaign for the presidential office in February 2017. The election itself and related events received international media attention with many issues being raised. Rouhani achieved a decisive victory after the May 2017 vote, with Interior Minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli announcing that out of 41.3 million total votes cast Rouhani got 23.6 million. Ebrahim Raisi, Rouhani's closest rival, had picked up 15.8 million votes in contrast.
Saint Joseph, Portage County, Ohio
Saint Joseph is an unincorporated place in Portage County, Ohio, United States. It is located along Waterloo Road on the western edge of Randolph Township near its border with Suffield. The area is named after the Roman Catholic Parish of St. Joseph, established in 1831. In addition to the church building, which dates to 1904, the parish also includes a clergy house, elementary school for grades preschool through eighth, daycare center, cemetery, grotto, and food bank. A post office was located in the community from 1893 to 1904.

Grotto
A grotto or grot is a natural or artificial cave or covered recess. Naturally occurring grottoes are typically small coastal caves associated with bodies of water and may be partially or fully submerged at high tide. Artificial grottoes have also been constructed as garden features, particularly in landscape design from the Renaissance onward. Well‑known natural examples include the Grotta Azzurra on Capri and the grotto at Tiberius’ Villa Jovis in the Bay of Naples.
Love & Hip Hop: New York season 1
The first season of the reality television series Love & Hip Hop aired on VH1 from March 6, 2011 until May 2, 2011. The season was primarily filmed in New York City, New York. It was executively produced by Mona Scott-Young for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud and Stefan Springman for NFGTV, Kenny Hull for Interloc Films, and Jim Ackerman and Jeff Olde for VH1.

The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the New York area, involved in hip hop music. It consists of 9 episodes, including a reunion special hosted by Angie Martinez.

Mashonda
Mashonda Karima Dean (née Tifrere; born January 9, 1978) is an American R&B singer from Boston, Massachusetts. In 2004, she married record producer Swizz Beatz and signed with his record label Full Surface Records, an imprint of J Records to release her debut studio album, January Joy (2005). In 2011, Dean joined the first season of VH1's reality show Love & Hip Hop: New York.
Shot Tower, Lambeth
The Shot Tower at the Lambeth Lead Works was a shot tower that stood on the South Bank of the River Thames in London, England, between Waterloo Bridge and Hungerford Bridge, on the site of what is now the Queen Elizabeth Hall. It was a prominent landmark on the river and featured in a number of paintings, including by J. M. W. Turner.

Waterloo Bridge
Waterloo Bridge (/ˌwɔːtəˈluː/) is a road and foot traffic bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges. Its name commemorates the victory of the British, Dutch and Prussians at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Thanks to its location at a strategic bend in the river, the bridge offers good views of Westminster, the South Bank and the London Eye to the west, and of the City of London and Canary Wharf to the east.

The bridge was given Grade II* listed structure protection in 1981.
Lac Ste. Anne County
Lac Ste. Anne County is a municipal district in central Alberta, Canada.

It is located in Census Division 13, north west of Edmonton. Highway 43 stretches across this county. Its municipal office is located in the Hamlet of Sangudo.

The county was named after Lac Ste. Anne, which in turn was named for Saint Anne.

Saint Anne
According to Christian tradition, Saint Anne (also known as Ann or Anna) was the mother of Mary, the wife of Joachim and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary's mother is not named in the Bible's canonical gospels. In writing, Ann's name and that of her husband Joachim come from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James (written perhaps around 150 AD) seems to be the earliest that mentions them. The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.
Bwindi Impenetrable Forest
The Bwindi Impenetrable Forest is a large primeval forest located in south-western Uganda and is located in three districts of Kisoro, Kabale and Kanungu. The Bwindi forest is on the edge of the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift, at elevations ranging from 1,160 to 2,607 metres (3,806 to 8,553 ft). The forest contains around 160 species of trees and over 100 species of ferns. Bwindi Impenetrable Forest Reserve was set up in 1942 on the rim of the Rift Valley.

Albertine Rift
9°S 34°E﻿ / ﻿9°S 34°E﻿ / -9; 34

The Albertine Rift is the western branch of the East African Rift, covering parts of Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania.
It extends from the northern end of Lake Albert to the southern end of Lake Tanganyika.
The geographical term includes the valley and the surrounding mountains.
Suprameatal triangle
In the temporal bone, between the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus and the posterior root of the zygomatic process is the area called the suprameatal triangle, suprameatal pit, mastoid fossa, foveola suprameatica, or Macewen's triangle, through which an instrument may be pushed into the mastoid antrum.
In the adult, the antrum lies approximately 1.5 to 2 cm deep to the suprameatal triangle.  This is an important landmark when performing a cortical mastoidectomy.
The triangle lies deep to the cymba conchae.

Temporal bone
The temporal bone is a paired bone situated at the sides and base of the skull, lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples where four of the cranial bones fuse. Each temple is covered by a temporal muscle. The temporal bones house the structures of the ears. The lower seven cranial nerves and the major vessels to and from the brain traverse the temporal bone.
Good Morning Kuya
Good Morning Kuya (English: Good Morning Brother), also known as GMK is a Philippine television news broadcasting and talk show broadcast by UNTV. Originally hosted by Daniel Razon, it premiered on July 23, 2007 replacing Pilipinas, Gising Ka Na Ba?. Razon, Ayra Mariano, Joshua Dionisio, Ian Miranda, Tini Balanon and Celine Ang currently serve as the hosts. The show also provides various public services by means of a free clinic, a free orphanage, free education, free transient home, free legal services  and free rides during weekday mornings. Look-a-likes of Manny Pacquiao (a.k.a. Manny Pangyaw) and Mr. Bean (a.k.a. Mr. Bin) gives an added twist in the show. Good Morning Kuya or GMK can be viewed from 5:00 am to 7:30 am. In 2015, it extended again back to 3 hours from 5:00 am to 8:00 am. On October 21, 2024, the program is extended to 3 hours and 30 minutes from 5:00 am to 8:30 am PST.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Alexander Chow
Alexander Chow (simplified Chinese: 曹荣锦; traditional Chinese: 曹榮錦; pinyin: Cáo Róngjǐn) is a Chinese American theologian. He is Senior Lecturer in Theology and World Christianity and co-director of Centre for the Study of World Christianity at New College, University of Edinburgh. His research interests include contextual theology, Christianity in China, Chinese philosophy and religion, public theology, and digital theology.

World Christianity
World Christianity or global Christianity has been defined both as a term that attempts to convey the global nature of the Christian religion and an academic field of study that encompasses analysis of the histories, practices, and discourses of Christianity as a world religion and its various forms as they are found on the six continents. However, the term often focuses on "non-Western Christianity" which "comprises (usually the exotic) instances of Christian faith in 'the global South', in Asia, Africa, and Latin America." It also includes Indigenous or diasporic forms of Christianity in the Caribbean, South America, Western Europe, and North America.
Yogic marriage
Yogic marriage is a tradition of Hindu marriage done within Shaivite sadhakas and sadhvis, to enable them to get positive energy from yajnas and homas. Though a sexual relation is not excluded in this form of marriage, it is consummated only in exceptional circumstances. It is the simplest of Hindu marriages, done before Shiva by taking an oath in the name of Shiva and chanting "Omkara Bindu Samyuktam, Nityam Dhyayati Yoginah; Kamadam Mokshadam Chaiva Omkaraya Namo Namaha".

Sādhaka
A sādhaka or sādhak or sādhaj (Sanskrit: साधक), in Indian religions and traditions, such as Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Yoga, is someone who follows a particular sādhanā, or a way of life designed to realize the goal of one's ultimate ideal, whether it is merging with one's eternal source, brahman, or realization of one's personal deity. The word is related to the Sanskrit sādhu, which is derived from the verb root sādh-, 'to accomplish'. As long as one has yet to reach the goal, they are a sādhaka or sādhak, while one who has reached the goal is called a siddha. In modern usage, sadhaka is often applied as a generic term for any religious practitioner. In medieval India, it was more narrowly used as a technical term for one who had gone through a specific initiation.

Hindu, Jain, Tantric, Yogic and Vajrayana Buddhist traditions use the term sadhaka or sādhak for spiritual initiates and/or aspirants.
Tallinn City Council
Tallinn City Council (Estonian: Tallinna linnavolikogu) is the representative body of the municipality of Tallinn, the capital and biggest city of Estonia.

The executive power body of Tallinn is the Tallinn City Government.

Edgar Savisaar
Edgar Savisaar (31 May 1950 – 29 December 2022) was an Estonian politician, one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party. He served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications, and twice mayor of Tallinn.
Battle of Cold Harbor order of battle: Union
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Cold Harbor (May 31–June 12, 1864) of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization May 31, 1864, army organization May 26-June 3, 1864, the casualty returns and the reports.

50th New York Engineer Regiment
The 50th New York Engineer Regiment was an engineer regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was initially raised as the 50th Volunteer Infantry, but was converted to an engineer regiment after it arrived in Washington DC. It served as an engineer unit for the Army of the Potomac (AoP) from the Peninsula Campaign through the Appomattox Campaign.
Li Xinyi (tennis)
Li Xinyi (born 14 June 1962) is a Chinese former professional tennis player. She was a singles gold medalist at the 1986 Asian Games in Seoul.

Li was a regular member of China's Federation Cup team during the 1980s, featuring in a total of 13 ties, for four singles and three doubles wins. Her four wins in singles included victories over Brazil's Niege Dias and Etsuko Inoue of Japan. In 1986 she played a Federation Cup rubber against Martina Navratilova in Prague, which was the first time the adopted American had played in her birth country since defecting.

On the WTA Tour, Li played in the main draw of two tournaments, the 1987 Singapore Women's Open and 1988 Lipton International Players Championships in Florida. She reached a best singles ranking of 407 in the world.

1988 Lipton International Players Championships
The 1988 Lipton International Players Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Miami Masters and was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix and of the Category 6 tier of the 1988 WTA Tour. Both the men's and women's events took place at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida in the United States from March 14 through March 28, 1988. Mats Wilander and Steffi Graf won the singles title.
1600s (decade)
The 1600s (pronounced "sixteen-hundreds") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1600, and ended on 31 December 1609.

The term "sixteen-hundreds" could also mean the entire century from 1 January 1600 to 31 December 1699.

The decade was a period of significant political, scientific, and artistic advancement. European Colonies such as Virginia were established in the late 1600s. Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler made significant contributions to science and astronomy. The Polish-Swedish War saw the Battle of Kokenhausen in 1601, where Polish horsemen led by Krzysztof Radziwiłł defeated Swedish attackers under Carl Gyllenhielm.

Century
A century is a period of 100 years or 10 decades. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word century comes from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred.  Century is sometimes abbreviated as c.

A centennial or centenary is a hundredth anniversary, or a celebration of this, typically the remembrance of an event which took place a hundred years earlier.
DN6
DN6 (Romanian: Drumul Național 6) is a national road in Romania which links Bucharest with the Banat region in the western part of the country and further to the East-European capitals Budapest and Belgrade via the border with Hungary near Cenad. It is a very traveled road.

The national road passes through the following municipalities: Alexandria, Caracal, Craiova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Caransebeș, Lugoj and Timișoara. Near Gura Văii the road is linked by the road DN6A to the Serbian road network () via a dam on the Danube (Porțile de Fier I).

Lugoj
Lugoj (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈluɡoʒ]; Hungarian: Lugos; German: Lugosch; Slovak: Lugoš; Serbian: Лугош, romanized: Lugoš; Turkish: Logoş) is a city in Timiș County, Romania. The Timiș River divides the city into two halves: the "Romanian Lugoj" that spreads on the right bank, and the "German Lugoj" on the left bank. The city administers two villages, Măguri and Tapia.
Warrangu: River Story
Warrangu: River Story is the debut studio album by Australian musician, Dobby. The album was announced on 1 December 2023 and released on 14 June 2024.

The album speaks to the cultural wisdom within by the three rivers surrounding the perimeters of Brewarrina — the Bogan, the Culgoa and the Barwon Rivers.

At the 2024 ARIA Music Awards, it won Best World Music Album.

The album was nominated for the 2024 Australian Music Prize. Upon hearing of the nomination, Dobby said "I'm incredibly honoured to be shortlisted for the Australian Music Prize. Warrangu tells the greater story of 'Australia', our land and our rivers. I thank every single person that has listened to this story, because, ultimately, you are part of it."

At the AIR Awards of 2025, the album was nominated for Best Independent Hip Hop Album or EP.

Bogan River
Bogan River, a perennial river that is part of the Macquarie–Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the central west and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia.

From its origin near Parkes, the Bogan River flows for about 617 kilometres (383 mi) in length and flows into the Barwon River between Brewarrina and Bourke.

The name Bogan is supposedly an Australian Aboriginal (Wiradjuri or Ngiyambaa) term meaning 'the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe'; this may be in reference to the Wiradjuri people of the Bulgandramine Aboriginal Mission, whose word for "leader" is “Balgabalgar”. The word is also a Gaelic term meaning bog.
Uchiura, Ishikawa
Uchiura (内浦町, Uchiura-machi) was a town located in Hosu District (formerly known as Suzu District), Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,332 and a density of 136.21 persons per km2. The total area was 53.83 km2.

On March 1, 2005, Uchiura, along with the former town of Noto, and the village of Yanagida (both from Fugeshi District), was merged to create the new town of Noto (in the newly created Hōsu District, which was created at the same day) and no longer exists as in independent municipality.

The town was located on the Uchiura Bay, near Anamizu.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Alapan Bandyopadhyay
Alapan Bandyopadhyay (born 17 May 1961) is an ex-Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer and former Chief Secretary of State for the Government of West Bengal.  He is the Chief Advisor for Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee, since 1 June 2021. He took over from IAS officer Rajiv Sinha, in the year 2020, starting his tenure as Chief Secretary of West Bengal.

Chief secretary (India)
The Chief Secretary is the highest-ranking executive official and civil servant of the government of an Indian state. The Chief Secretary is the ex-officio head of the state Civil Services Board, the State Secretariat, the state cadre Indian Administrative Service and all civil services under the rules of business of the state government. The Chief Secretary acts as the principal advisor to the chief minister on all matters of state administration.

The Chief Secretary is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service. The Chief Secretary is the senior-most cadre post in the state administration, ranking 23rd on the Indian order of precedence. The Chief Secretary acts as an ex-officio secretary to the state cabinet, therefore called "Secretary to the Cabinet". The status of this post is equal to that of a Secretary to the Government of India.
Ghost (Marvel Comics)
Ghost is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by David Michelinie and Bob Layton, the character first appeared in Iron Man #219 (June 1987). Ghost is a genius inventor and hacker who wears a battle suit that allows him to become invisible and intangible. Although he started out as an adversary of the superhero Iron Man, Ghost has also been depicted as an antihero and member of the Thunderbolts.

The character has been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including animated television series and video games. Hannah John-Kamen portrays a gender flipped version of the character named Ava Starr in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018) and Thunderbolts* (2025). A reimagined version of the MCU Ghost made her comic debut in 2025.

Hacker
A hacker is a person skilled in information technology who achieves goals and solves problems by non-standard means. The term has become associated in popular culture with a security hacker – someone with knowledge of bugs or exploits to break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them. In a positive connotation, though, hacking can also be utilized by legitimate figures in legal situations. For example, law enforcement agencies sometimes use hacking techniques to collect evidence on criminals and other malicious actors. This could include using anonymity tools (such as a VPN or the dark web) to mask their identities online and pose as criminals.

Hacking can also have a broader sense of any roundabout solution to a problem, or programming and hardware development in general, and hacker culture has spread the term's broader usage to the general public even outside the profession or hobby of electronics (see life hack).