hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert J. Gardner
Robert J. Gardner (September 28, 1837 – September 23, 1902) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Gardner received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Gardner's medal was won for being among the first to enter Fort Gregg during the Third Battle of Petersburg in Virginia on April 2, 1865. He was honored with the award on May 12, 1865.

Gardner joined the Army from Egremont, Massachusetts in July 1862, and mustered out with his regiment in June 1865. He was buried in Parkers Corners, Michigan.

Fort Gregg
Fort Gregg was a Confederate fort located near Petersburg, Virginia.

The battle for Fort Gregg occurred on April 2, 1865, as part of the Third Battle of Petersburg in Dinwiddie County near the outskirts of Petersburg.
Douglasiidae
Douglasiidae is a small Lepidopteran family. It includes around 32 species of micromoth whose adults are collectively called Douglas moths, after British lepidopterist and hemipterist John William Douglas. The largest genus in the family is Tinagma. They are primarily found in the Palearctic realm, with some Nearctic species. The adults have a 6 to 15 mm wingspan, with a reduced hindwing venation and long fringes. The larvae are leaf miners or borers, primarily in stems and petioles, belonging to Boraginaceae, Labiatae, and Rosaceae.

John William Douglas
John William Douglas (15 November 1814 – 28 July 1905) was an English entomologist, chiefly interested in microlepidoptera. He was popularly known as "Jolly" Douglas for his ability to produce jocular doggerel in the style of Longfellow's Hiawatha.
Computer security model
A computer security model is a scheme for specifying and enforcing security policies. A security model may be founded upon a formal model of access rights, a model of computation, a model of distributed computing, or no particular theoretical grounding at all. A computer security model is implemented through a computer security policy.

For a more complete list of available articles on specific security models, see Category:Computer security models.

Security policy
Security policy is a definition of what it means to be secure for a system, organization or other entity.  For an organization, it addresses the constraints on behavior of its members as well as constraints imposed on adversaries by mechanisms such as doors, locks, keys, and walls.  For systems, the security policy addresses constraints on functions and flow among them, constraints on access by external systems and adversaries including programs and access to data by people.
Uthangarai Assembly constituency
12°15′57″N 78°32′07″E﻿ / ﻿12.2659119°N 78.5352087°E﻿ / 12.2659119; 78.5352087

Uthangarai is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu, India, that was formed after the constituency delimitation in 2008. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 51. The seat is reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. It comprises a portion. Located in Krishnagiri district, it consists of Uthangarai taluk and a portion of Pochampalli taluk. It is included in Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

Reservation in India
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that was established during the British Raj. Based on provisions in the Indian constitution, it allows the union government and the states and union territories of India to allocate a specific percentage of reserved quotas or seats, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens". Since its implementation, reservation has been a subject of massive debates and controversies over its impact, execution and effectiveness, significantly shaping the agendas of political parties and the actions of social groups.
Edwin Edogbo
Edwin Edogbo (born 21 December 2002) is an Irish rugby union player who plays as a lock for United Rugby Championship club Munster. His younger brother Sean Edogbo also plays for Munster and has represented Ireland at under 20 level and on the Emerging Ireland team.

Emerging Ireland
Emerging Ireland is an Irish international rugby union team that represents Ireland in selected matches, tours and competitions. Composed of Ireland qualified players only, mostly uncapped or at the beginning of their careers, it forms part of the development pathway to the senior Ireland team. It is not to be confused with the Ireland Wolfhounds, the national 'A' team which occasionally competes and is a level below the national side but with no age restrictions, nor with the Elite U-20 team with strict age limits that competes in the Under-20 Six Nations and Rugby World Cup.

As of 2024, Emerging Ireland had undertaken five tours for a total of 15 matches. Their record over those matches was 14 games won, and a single defeat against a South African Presidents XV in 2013.
Aeolus (ship)
Several ships have been named Aeolus for one or another of the mythical figures named Aeolus.

Æolus (1783 ship) was a snow built at Åbenrå in Denmark as a West Indiaman. The British Royal Navy captured her in 1807. Buckle & Co. purchased her as a prize. In 1808-9 she transported convicts to Port Jackson, New South Wales. She was last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1816.

Æolus (1787 ship) (or Eolus) was built in Liverpool. Between 1787 and 1806 she made 13 voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was last listed in 1808.

Aeolus (1795 ship), of 169 or 175 tons (bm), was built by James Walmsley, North Shields. She was wrecked on 28 May 1860 near Winterton, Norfolk, on a voyage from Sunderland to London with a cargo of coal.

Aeolus (1850) was a wooden ketch built at Pyrmont, New South Wales, Australia. She was carrying timber to Sydney, New South Wales, when she was lost at Hole in the Wall, Jervis Bay, New South Wales, on 24 October 1867.

Æolus (1783 ship)
Æolus, also spelt Aeolus (or frequently Eolus),  was a snow sailing ship built in 1783 at Åbenrå in Denmark as a West Indiaman. The British Royal Navy captured her in 1807. Buckle & Co. purchased her as a prize. In 1808-9 she transported convicts to Port Jackson, New South Wales. She was last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1816.
Santillán
Santillán or Santillan is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akira Santillan (born 1997), Australian tennis player

Diego Abad de Santillán (1897–1983), Spanish Argentine author, economist, leading figure in the Spanish and Argentine anarchist movements

Jesica Santillan (1985–2003), undocumented immigrant from Mexico who died after an organ transplant operation in the U.S.

Julian Hernández Santillán (born 1963), Mexican politician

Manuel Santillán (1894–1982), Mexican geological engineer and politician

Mario Santillán (born 1981), Mexican Paralympian athlete

Pedro Velarde y Santillán (1779–1808), Spanish artillery captain famous for his heroic death

Pura Santillan-Castrence (1905–2007), Filipino writer and diplomat

Ramón de Santillán, (1791–1863), Spanish soldier, politician, and minister of finance

Tony Santillan (born 1997), American baseball player

Manuel Santillán
Manuel Santillán Osorno (September 29, 1894 – October 12, 1982) was a Mexican geological engineer and politician.

Manuel Santillán, the youngest of three sons (Adalberto, the oldest, and Isuaro, in the middle), was born on September 29, 1894, in the Hacienda de Xalostoc (Tlaxco, Tlaxcala), to Calixto Santillan and Manuela Osorno.

Santillán finished preparatory studies at Universidad Veracruzana in Jalapa, Veracruz and later received three engineering degrees. The first in geology and geodesic engineering; the second degree in Mining and Metallurgical Engineering; and the third in civil engineering from the School of Engineering at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Future Force unit of action
The Future Force unit of action (UA) was designed by the United States Army’s tactical war-fighting echelon. Although optimized for offensive operations, the Future Combat Systems (FCS) equipped unit of action (UA) was intended to have the ability to execute a full spectrum of operations. 
Each will consist of:

3 combined arms battalions (CABs)

1 non-line-of-sight (NLOS) cannon battalion

1 reconnaissance surveillance and target acquisition (RSTA) squadron

1 forward support battalion (FSB)

1 brigade intelligence and communications company (BICC)

1 headquarters company

Echelon formation
An echelon formation (/ˈɛʃəlɒn, ˈeɪʃlɒ̃/) is a (usually military) formation in which its units are arranged diagonally. Each unit is stationed behind and to the right (a "right echelon"), or behind and to the left ("left echelon"), of the unit ahead. The name of the formation comes from the French word échelon, meaning a rung of a ladder, which describes the shape that this formation has when viewed from above or below.
Worshipful Company of Communicators
The Worshipful Company of Communicators is a livery company for the communications profession in the City of London.

The Company was formed in 2000 as the Guild of Public Relations Practitioners to represent the public relations profession and for charitable purposes. It was granted company without livery status in 2013. On 4 March 2025 it became the 113th Livery Company as the Worshipful Company of Communicators.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Ron Wright (wrestler)
Ron Wright (October 26, 1938 – April 21, 2015) was an American professional wrestler, promoter and manager. He wrestled and managed primarily for territory promotions in the Southeastern United States from the 1950s until the 1990s, particularly in the Tennessee and Kentucky areas, including for National Wrestling Alliance, Southeast Championship Wrestling, Continental Wrestling Association, Continental Championship Wrestling, Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling and Smoky Mountain Wrestling.

Smoky Mountain Wrestling
Smoky Mountain Wrestling was a professional wrestling promotion that held events in the Appalachian area of the United States from October 1991 to December 1995, when it was run by Jim Cornette. The promotion was based in Knoxville, Tennessee, with offices in Morristown, Tennessee.
Sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate
Sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF3SO2Na) is the sodium salt of trifluoromethanesulfinic acid. Together with t-butyl hydroperoxide, an oxidant, this compound was found to be a suitable reagent for introducing trifluoromethyl groups onto electron-rich aromatic compounds by Langlois; this reagent is also known as the Langlois reagent. This reaction operates via a free radical mechanism.

This reagent is also able to trifluoromethylate electron-deficient aromatic compounds under biphasic conditions. Zinc difluoromethanesulfinate, a related polymeric coordination complex, is able to introduce difluoromethyl groups (CHF2-) onto aromatic compounds under similar biphasic conditions as well.

With the use of DMSO as an oxidant, it provides an environmentally friendly way for the synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl alcohols from alkenes.

Phase (matter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is a different material, in its own separate phase. (See state of matter § Glass.)

More precisely, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.: 86 : 3  Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition.

The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (as where oil and water separate into distinct phases, both in the liquid state).
Peter Woodhouse
Peter Woodhouse (fl. 1605) was the writer of a 1605 poem The Flea, with the subsidiary title Democritus, his Dream, or the Contention between the Elephant and the Flea. The poem was printed for John Smethwick, whose shop was in St Dunstan's Churchyard in Fleet Street. In the poem the flea boasts of his superiority to the elephant, since he can enjoy unparalleled erotic access to the body of even the 'coyest dames in Citie or in Court'.

John Smethwick
John Smethwick (died 1641) was a London publisher of the Elizabethan, Jacobean, and Caroline eras. Along with colleague William Aspley, Smethwick was one of the "junior partners" in the publishing syndicate that issued the First Folio collection of Shakespeare's plays in 1623. As his title pages specify, his shop was "in St. Dunstan's Churchyard in Fleet Street, under the Dial."
2012 Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2012 Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council in South Yorkshire, England. This was on the same day as other 2012 United Kingdom local elections. The Labour Party gained five seats, and one was gained by an Independent. The British National Party lost both of the seats it was defending, and the Conservative Party only held one of its five seats, in Sitwell ward.

2012 United Kingdom local elections
The 2012 United Kingdom local elections were held across England, Scotland and Wales on 3 May 2012. Elections were held in 128 English local authorities, all 32 Scottish local authorities and 21 of the 22 Welsh unitary authorities, alongside three mayoral elections including the London mayoralty and the London Assembly. Referendums were also held in 11 English cities to determine whether or not to introduce directly elected mayors.

The BBC's projected national vote share put Labour on 38%, the Conservatives on 31%, the Liberal Democrats on 16% and others on 15%. Rallings and Thrasher of Plymouth University estimated 39% for Labour, 33% for the Conservatives, 15% for the Liberal Democrats, and 13% for others.

The inaugural election of police and crime commissioners for 41 of the 43 territorial police forces in England and Wales took place separately, in November 2012.
Gallant Lady (1934 film)
Gallant Lady is a 1934 American pre-Code drama film directed by Gregory La Cava and starring  Ann Harding, Clive Brook and Otto Kruger. It was a production of Darryl F. Zanuck's independent company Twentieth Century Pictures. The film was released on January 5, 1934, by United Artists. It was a commercial and critical success on its release. It was remade in 1938 as Always Goodbye with Barbara Stanwyck and Herbert Marshall.

Gregory La Cava
Gregory La Cava (March 10, 1892 – March 1, 1952) was an American film director of Italian descent best known for his films of the 1930s, including My Man Godfrey and Stage Door, which earned him nominations for Academy Award for Best Director.
Radomir Naumov
Radomir Naumov (Serbian: Радомир Наумов; 12 May 1946 – 22 May 2015) was a Serbian politician and engineer. He served as the Minister of Religion from 2007 to 2008, and as the Minister of Mining and Energy from 2004 to 2007.

Naumov graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Electrical Engineering. He worked at the Nikola Tesla Electrical Engineering Institute for many years. Naumov was president of Belgrade office of the Democratic Party of Serbia. He was married with two children.

Ministry of Mining and Energy (Serbia)
The Ministry of Mining and Energy (Serbian: Министарство рударства и енергетике, romanized: Ministarstvo rudarstva i energetike) is a ministry in the Government of Serbia which is in the charge of mining and energy. The current minister is Dubravka Đedović, in office since 26 October 2022.
Anna Wetherill Olmsted
Anna Wetherill Olmsted (1888 – February 8, 1961) was an American museum director and art critic from Syracuse, New York. She was the founder of the National Ceramic Exhibition and served as director of the Syracuse Museum of Fine Art (now the Everson Museum) from 1930 to 1957. Her work was instrumental to increasing the prominence of ceramics as an art form in the United States.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Lio 'On Famör Rotuma Party
Lio 'On Famör Rotuma or LFR (meaning "Voice of the Rotuman People" in Rotuman) was a political party in Fiji. Formed in 1999, it sought to represent the interests of the Rotuman people in their main representative constituency, the Rotuman Communal Constituency, which, under the 1997 Constitution, elected a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives for all people of Rotuman descent across the nation of Fiji. Although the party never won a seat in Parliament, it tightly contested the parliamentary elections of 1999 and 2001.

The party faced some controversy over its short history, primarily related to the mismanagement of funds and donations, and having lost some face did not offer a candidate in the 2006 election.

Rotuma (Rotuman Communal Constituency, Fiji)
Rotuma Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, the sole communal constituency reserved for citizens of Rotuman descent. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. Its boundaries encompassed the entire nation; Rotuman-descendants anywhere in Fiji were eligible to vote for, and be a candidate for, this constituency. (Of the remaining 70 seats, 45 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage).

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Filippo Marchetti
Filippo Marchetti (26 February 1831, Bolognola, Macerata – 18 January 1902, Rome) was an Italian opera composer.  After studying in Naples, his first opera was "successfully premiered" in Turin in 1856. With only limited success, he became a teacher of singing and composition in Rome before composing Romeo e Giulietta for a premiere in Trieste in 1865.

Overshadowed like other Italian opera composers of his period by the genius of Verdi, Marchetti achieved one great success with his 1869 opera - Ruy Blas - which was based on Victor Hugo's play, Ruy Blas. It has been noted that "it was one of the first Italian operas to show the influence of French grand opera, partly, no doubt in response to its French source". The opera was performed into the 20th Century.

Macerata
Macerata (Italian pronunciation: [matʃeˈraːta] ⓘ) is a city and comune in central Italy, the county seat of the province of Macerata in the Marche region. It has a population of about 41,564.

It is home to the University of Macerata (founded in 1290), making it one of Europe's oldest universities, specializing in humanities and social sciences, and located in a historic center with medieval walls.

One of the city's best-known landmarks is the Sferisterio, a large neoclassical open-air arena built in the 19th century, which later became a major venue for summer performances, including opera.
Olowu of Owu Kingdom
The Olowu of Owu is the paramount Yoruba king of Owu kingdom. The first Olowu of Owu (son of Oduduwa's daughter) is also one of the original kings in Yorubaland.

The Owu Kingdom is ruled by princes selected from six ruling houses: Amororo, Otileta, Ayoloye, Akinjobi, Akinoso and Lagbedu. The king is assisted by appointed chiefs known as the kingmakers. The Akogun heads the chiefs, Obamaja, Orunto, Oyega, Osupori and Omolasin. Olosi is the Ifa priest of the Olowu. Originally, the Owu Kingdom had 3 townships namely Owu, Erunmu and Apomu. By tradition, the Olowu is selected by six kingmakers but two more chieftaincies were added to this number in 1964, those of the Balogun and the Olosi.

Owu Kingdom
The Owu sub-ethnicity is a part of the Yoruba people of West Africa. Ago-Owu in Abeokuta is where the Owus are mostly concentrated, however large Owu settlements are found throughout Yorubaland. The Yoruba confederacy of kingdoms extends beyond the boundaries of Nigeria into the Republic of Benin and Togo.
Patrick Tufts
Patrick Tufts is a computer scientist and inventor. He created Alexa Internet's collaborative filter for creating related web site recommendations and later, one of Amazon.com's most successful product recommendation systems.

Alexa Internet
Alexa Internet, Inc. was an American web traffic analysis company based in San Francisco, California. It was founded as an independent company by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat in 1996. Alexa provided web traffic data, global rankings, and other information on over 30 million websites. It was acquired by Amazon in 1999 for $250 million in stock. Amazon discontinued the Alexa Internet service on May 1, 2022.

Alexa estimated website traffic based on a sample of millions of Internet users using browser extensions as well as from sites that had chosen to install an Alexa script. As of 2020, its website was visited by over 400 million people every month.
Pigsy Eats Watermelon
Pigsy Eats Watermelon (Chinese: 猪八戒吃西瓜; pinyin: Zhu Bajie Chi Xigua) is a 1958 Chinese animation short film produced at the Shanghai Animation Film Studio by Wan Laiming and Wan Guchan.  It is also translated as "Mr. Pig Eats Watermelon" or "Zhu Bajie Eats Watermelon".  Wan Guchan innovated a new paper-cut technique and this film was the first to utilize the method.

Cutout animation
Cutout animation is a form of stop-motion animation using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or photographs. The props would be cut out and used as puppets for stop motion. The world's earliest known animated feature films were cutout animations (made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani), as is the world's earliest surviving animated feature Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed (1926) by Lotte Reiniger.
2020 Sabah FA season
The 2020 season was Sabah's fifth competitive season in the highest tier of Malaysian football since the foundation of Malaysia Super League in 2004. It is also the 1st season for Sabah to play in Malaysia Super League after winning the 2019 Malaysia Premier League which got promoted. Along with the Malaysia Super League, the club participated in the Malaysia FA Cup and the Malaysia Cup.

Malaysia Super League
The Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia), known simply as the Super League (Malay: Liga Super), is the men's top professional football division of the Malaysian football league system. Administered by the Football Malaysia Limited Liability Partnership (FMLLP), now known as the Malaysian Football League (MFL), the Malaysia Super League is contested by 13 clubs. Until 2022, it operated on a system of promotion and relegation with the Malaysia Premier League, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated and replaced by the promoted top two teams in that division. It has replaced the former top-tier league, Liga Perdana 1, which ran from 1998 to 2003.

37 clubs have competed since the inception of the Malaysia Super League in 2004, with eight winning the title (Selangor, Kedah Darul Aman, Kelantan, Sri Pahang, Perlis, Negeri Sembilan, LionsXII and Johor Darul Ta'zim). The current champions are Johor Darul Ta'zim, which won their eleventh title in the 2024–25 edition.