hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the oil shale industry
The history of the oil shale industry started in ancient times. The modern industrial use of oil shale for oil extraction dates to the mid-19th century and started growing just before World War I because of the mass production of automobiles and trucks and the supposed shortage of gasoline for transportation needs.  Between the World Wars oil shale projects were begun in several countries.

After World War II, the oil shale industry declined due to increased accessibility to conventional crude oil.  As of 2010, oil shale was commercially used in Estonia, China and Brazil, while several countries are considering to start or restart commercial use of oil shale.

Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program
The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program was a program run by the United States Bureau of Mines to create the technology to produce synthetic fuel from coal and oil shale. It was initiated in 1944 during World War II. The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Act approved on April 5, 1944 authorized the use of US$30 million over a five-year period for

the construction and operation of demonstration plants to produce synthetic liquid fuels from coal, oil shales, agricultural and forestry products, and other substances, in order to aid the prosecution of the war, to conserve and increase the oil resources of the Nation, and for other purposes.
Eunjin Song clan
Eunjin Song clan (Korean: 은진 송씨; Hanja: 恩津 宋氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Nonsan, South Chungcheong Province. In a 2015 estimate, they numbered 226,050. Their founder was Song Cheon ik, a descendant of Song Ju eun.

Nonsan
Nonsan (Korean: 논산; Korean pronunciation: [non.san]) is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea.  It is located at 36°12′N 127°5′E﻿ / ﻿36.200°N 127.083°E﻿ / 36.200; 127.083. The origin of Nonsan's geographical names is said to have come from the small garden "Nolmoe," which rises in the middle of farming fields, where rice paddies and mountain are said to reflect geographical features. The city belongs to the Daejeon Metropolitan Area.
Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens
Kenilworth Park & Aquatic Gardens is a National Park Service site located in the north eastern corner of Washington, D.C., and the near the Maryland state border. Nestled near the banks of the Anacostia River and directly west of the Baltimore–Washington Parkway, Kenilworth Park & Aquatic Gardens preserves a plethora of rare waterlilies and lotuses in the cultivated ponds near the river. The park also contains the Kenilworth Marsh, the largest remaining tidal marsh in Washington, D.C., and an adjacent recreational area.

Nelumbo
Nelumbo /nɪˈlʌmboʊ/ is a genus of aquatic plants with large, showy flowers. Members are commonly called lotus, though the name is also applied to various other plants and plant groups, including the unrelated genus Lotus.  Members outwardly resemble those in the family Nymphaeaceae ("water lilies"), but Nelumbo is actually very distant from that family.

Nelumbo is an ancient genus, with dozens of species known from fossil remains since the Early Cretaceous. However, there are only two known living species of lotus. One is the better-known Nelumbo nucifera, which is native to East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and probably Australia and is commonly cultivated for consumption and use in traditional Chinese medicine. The other lotus is Nelumbo lutea, which is native to North America and the Caribbean. Horticultural hybrids have been produced between these two allopatric species.
Simhadriya Simha
Simhadriya Simha (transl. The Lion of Simhadri) is a 2002 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by S. Narayan. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Meena and Bhanupriya. Vishnuvardhan played a triple role in this movie.
The music of the film was composed by Deva. It is a remake of the 1994 Tamil film Nattamai.

Bhanupriya
Bhanupriya (born Manga Anandha Bhanu; 15 January 1964) is an Indian actress and dancer. In a four decade old career, she has appeared in 165 feature films, predominantly in Telugu and Tamil, and a few in Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. She has starred in a variety of roles, which garnered her three state Nandi Awards, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, two Filmfare Awards South and two Cinema Express Awards.
Anthrenus museorum
Anthrenus museorum, commonly known as the museum beetle, is a species of beetle found in the Palearctic (including Europe), the Near East and the Nearctic. In its larval form it damages all forms of dry skin and hair. The larva will also eat dry cheese, flour or cocoa occasionally. It is considered a pest, as it damages, among others, the skin of taxidermied animals, such as polar bears and big cats in museums.

The larva is yellowish, hairy, and measures 4.5 millimetres (0.18 in). The dorsal surface of the prothorax is brownish. At its rear end, it has three pairs of long antenna. The adult measures 2 to 4 mm. It has a round shape and its dark elytra are spotted with bright colors. It lives for one or two weeks, outdoors, on plants. It prefers the flowers of Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Scrophulariaceae. To lay eggs, the female seeks nooks, carpets, flooring or wool to hide and to assure a food supply for the larvae. She lays forty eggs at a time once a year.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Jodhpur–Bathinda line
The Jodhpur–Bathinda line connects Jodhpur, in the Indian state of Rajasthan to Bathinda in the Punjab, via Dabwali Railway in Haryana. During the British Raj, Bathinda was on the Delhi–Karachi line and after independence and partition of India in 1947, it is on the Delhi–Fazilka line. This line operates under the jurisdiction of North Western Railway.

5 ft 6 in gauge railway
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), also known as the Indian gauge is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (San Francisco Bay Area).

In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge (or in the San Francisco Bay Area region of California, BART gauge). In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge"). In the Indian subcontinent it is simply known as "broad gauge". It is the widest gauge in use of heavy-duty mainline railways in the world.
Stereocaulon dactylophyllum
Stereocaulon dactylophyllum is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Stereocaulaceae. It was first scientifically described by Heinrich Gustav Flörke in 1819. Flörke mentions that the original specimens were collected in 1797 on mossy rocks at the Rehberger Graben and near Sankt Andreasberg on the Harz Mountains, and also on the Fichtel Mountains. It is now known to be widely distributed, having been recorded in Asia, Europe, Greenland, eastern Canada, and the eastern and central United States.

The lichen is characterised morphologically by the coralloid, highly branched phyllocladia. Chemically, it contains lichen products in the stictic acid complex, including atranorin, norstictic acid, and cryptostictic acid. The expected results of chemical spot tests are K+ (yellow) and PD+ (orange).

Stictic acid
Stictic acid is an aromatic organic compound, a product of secondary metabolism in some species of lichens.

Stictic acid is the subject of preliminary biomedical research. Stictic acid has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in vitro. Computational studies suggest stictic acid may also stimulate p53 reactivation.
Brownfield, Missouri
Brownfield is an unincorporated community in northeastern Laclede County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located just over one mile southeast of the Laclede-Pulaski county line and one mile east of Missouri Route K. It is within the Mark Twain National Forest and the Gasconade River lies just one mile to the east.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
In Limbo (2021 film)
In Limbo (Russian: Межсезонье, romanized: Mezhsezonye) is a 2021 Russian crime drama film directed by Aleksandr Khant. This film was theatrically released on June 23, 2022.

The film is based on real events and the incident that occurred in the village of Strugi Krasnye in the Pskov region, Russia with 15-year-old Denis Muravyov and Katerina Vlasova on November 14, 2016.

Strugi Krasnye
Strugi Krasnye (Russian: Стру́ги Кра́сные) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Strugo-Krasnensky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located 87 kilometers (54 mi) northeast of Pskov. Municipally, it is incorporated as Strugi Krasnye Urban Settlement, the only urban settlement in the district. Population:  8,447 (2010 Census); 8,762 (2002 Census); 7,067 (1989 Soviet census).
Hamline Pipers football
The Hamline Pipers football team represents Hamline University in the sport of American football. The team played the first intercollegiate football game in Minnesota on September 30, 1882. The team lost to Minnesota, 4-0.

A founding member, Hamline has been a member of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference since 1920.

Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
The Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC /ˈmaɪæk/ MY-ak) is an intercollegiate athletic conference that competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III. All 13 of the member schools are located in Minnesota and are private institutions, with only two being non-sectarian.
Fred Walton (filmmaker)
Fred Walton (born 1949) is an American former film director and screenwriter. Among his films are When a Stranger Calls, April Fool's Day, The Rosary Murders, I Saw What You Did, When a Stranger Calls Back and The Stepford Husbands.

Born around 1950, Walton was raised in Chevy Chase, Maryland. He graduated from Denison University, where he majored in theater. As of 2016, Walton resided in Portland, Oregon, where he has lived since the 1990s. He retired from filmmaking in 1996.

Denison University
Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, United States. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. It was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of William S. Denison, a major early benefactor. The college enrolled 2,300 students in fall 2023. Students choose from 65 academic programs.

The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 26 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association.
Ska Parade
Ska Parade, also known as SP Radio One, is a southern California radio show whose goal is to promote up-and-coming ska artists, as well as other types of new bands. The show was created by Tazy Phyllipz and Albino Brown.  The show was a part of the Orange County third-wave ska movement of the mid-1990s. In 1998, the Ska Parade was raided by the heavy metal band Gwar, who fought The Aquabats. Ska Parade's first compilation album, Step On It:  The Best of The Ska Parade Radio Show, helped the career of Sublime and helped launch third wave ska onto the airwaves of many commercial radio stations (e.g. KROQ-FM, KCXX, 91X). Ska Parade's second compilation, Runnin' Naked Thru the Cornfield, featured exclusive tracks by Reel Big Fish, The Specials, Save Ferris and The Aquabats. **Ska Parade (based in OC, CA) currently airs on www.DirtyRadio.FM (commercial alternative) every Sunday from 8p-10p Pacific.

Reel Big Fish
Reel Big Fish is an American ska punk band from Huntington Beach, California. The band gained mainstream recognition in the mid-to-late 1990s during the third wave of ska with the release of the gold-certified album Turn the Radio Off. Soon after, the band lost mainstream recognition but gained an underground cult following, operating as an independent band since 2006. Frontman Aaron Barrett has been the only consistent member of the band from its founding throughout its numerous lineup changes.
2024 General Tire 200 (Sonoma)
The 2024 General Tire 200 was the 4th stock car race of the 2024 ARCA Menards Series West season, and the 18th running of the event. The race was held on Friday, June 7, 2024, at Sonoma Raceway in Sonoma, California, a 1.99 mile (3.20 km) permanent asphalt road course. The race was originally scheduled to be contested over 64 laps, but was increased to 67 laps, due to a NASCAR overtime finish. Sam Mayer, driving for Sigma Performance Services, would take the lead from William Sawalich in the middle stages of the race, and led the final 37 laps to earn his second career ARCA Menards Series West win, and his first of the season. Sawalich led 21 laps, but fell back after an early race incident. He rebounded to finish in 4th. To fill out the podium, Tyler Reif, driving for Central Coast Racing, and Sean Hingorani, driving for Jerry Pitts Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Sean Hingorani
Sean Hingorani (born October 13, 2006) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series West, driving the No. 13 Toyota Camry for Central Coast Racing. He is the 2023 and 2024 ARCA Menards Series West champion.
Volunteer Railroaders Association
Volunteer Railroaders Association (aka VRA) is a New Jersey–based 501(c)(3) non-profit organization of volunteers interested in railroad heritage and preservation. The VRA has conducted rail-oriented excursions in New York and Pennsylvania, in addition to New Jersey, including children oriented fund-raising train rides in New Jersey and New York. The group owns and operates and  four railroad speeders. One is a rare Lehigh & New England Railroad Sheffield Corporation model 40B. The group has also organized gatherings of as many as 40 speeders in Pennsylvania.

Lehigh and New England Railroad
The Lehigh and New England Railroad (reporting mark LNE) was a Class I railroad located in Northeastern United States that acted as a bridge line. It was the second notable U.S. railroad to file for abandonment in its entirety after the New York, Ontario and Western Railway. It was headquartered in Philadelphia.
Arun Kumar Purwar
Arun Kumar Purwar, also known as A. K. Purwar, became the Chairman of State Bank of India in 2002, during his tenure from 1968 to 2006. He joined the bank as an officer on January 3, 1968. His father's name is Anant Ram Purwar.  
With a master's degree in commerce from Allahabad University, in 1966, he was previously a lecturer in their Business Administration Department. After joining SBI, he appeared for departmental examinations, like CAIIB, a very tough examination, and stood third in the country.

University of Allahabad
The University of Allahabad is a central university located in Prayagraj, in Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is the regarded as the fourth oldest modern university in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1873, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Allahabad, which later evolved to the present university. Its status as a central university was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India.
Genus g surface
In mathematics, a genus g surface (also known as a g-torus or g-holed torus) is a surface formed by the connected sum of g distinct tori: the interior of a disk is removed from each of g distinct tori and the boundaries of the g many disks are identified (glued together), forming a g-torus. The genus of such a surface is g.

A genus g surface is a two-dimensional manifold. The classification theorem for surfaces states that every compact connected two-dimensional manifold is homeomorphic to either the sphere, the connected sum of tori, or the connected sum of real projective planes.

Handle decomposition
In mathematics, a handle decomposition of an m-manifold M is a union

where each  is obtained from  by the attaching of -handles.   A handle decomposition is to a manifold what a CW-decomposition is to a topological space—in many regards the purpose of a handle decomposition is to have a language analogous to CW-complexes, but adapted to the world of smooth manifolds.  Thus an i-handle is the smooth analogue of an i-cell.  Handle decompositions of manifolds arise naturally via Morse theory. The modification of handle structures is closely linked to Cerf theory.
Janet Fairbank
Janet Fairbank (June 18, 1903 – September 25, 1947) was an American operatic singer.

She was the Chicago-born  daughter of novelist and suffragette Janet Ayer Fairbank and Kellogg Fairbank, the son of industrialist N. K. Fairbank and the niece of Pulitzer Prize–winning novelist Margaret Ayer Barnes.

A soprano, her debut in Chicago in 1931 was followed by a debut in Europe in 1932 and an initial appearance in opera (as Zerlina in Don Giovanni) in 1933. She appeared with the San Carlo Opera Company in Chicago in 1934 and with the Chicago Opera in 1934-35 and in 1940-41. She also appeared with the Civic Orchestra of Chicago, the Grant Park Orchestra, and other companies. She was also a patron of contemporary music, and provided encouragement and support to numerous recognized and aspiring composers including Virgil Thomson, David Diamond, Francis Poulenc, Benjamin Britten, Lou Harrison, Olivier Messiaen, Ned Rorem, Paul Bowles, Gottfried von Einem, and John Cage.

Virgil Thomson
Virgil Thomson (November 25, 1896 – September 30, 1989) was an American composer and critic. He was instrumental in the development of the "American Sound" in classical music. He has been described as a modernist, a neoromantic, a neoclassicist, and a composer of "an Olympian blend of humanity and detachment" whose "expressive voice was always carefully muted" until his late opera Lord Byron which, in contrast to all his previous work, exhibited an emotional content that rises to "moments of real passion".
South African type XE tender
The South African type XE tender was a steam locomotive tender.

Type XE tenders were rebuilt from Type XC1 tenders, which had entered service in 1897 and 1898. The rebuilding resulted in a tender with a larger water tank and larger coal bunker.

Coal bin
A coal bin, coal store or coal bunker is a storage container for coal awaiting use or transportation. This can be either in domestic, commercial or industrial premises, or on a ship or locomotive tender, or at a coal mine or processing plant.

Domestic coal bunkers are associated with the use of coal in open fires or for solid-fuel central heating. Free-standing bunkers were commonly made of wood or concrete and are currently sold in materials including plastic or galvanised metal.  Coal bins or bunkers could also form an outhouse or be partly or fully underground.

Coal bins form or formed part of industrial plants, and were found on steam ships.
Marie Barsacq
Marie Barsacq (French pronunciation: [maʁi baʁsak]; born 3 August 1973) is a French politician who has been serving as Minister of Sports in the government of Prime Minister François Bayrou since 2024.

Bayrou government
The Bayrou government (French: gouvernement Bayrou) was the forty-sixth government of France. It was formed in December 2024 after President Emmanuel Macron appointed François Bayrou as Prime Minister on 13 December, replacing caretaker Michel Barnier (who had been removed from office by a motion of no-confidence).

François Bayrou was the fourth prime minister to hold the office in a single year, the most in the history of the Fifth Republic.

The government included members of Emmanuel Macron's coalition, Ensemble, as well as The Republicans; despite its minority status, it survived a vote of no confidence on 16 January 2025 thanks to abstentions from the National Rally and the Socialist Party.

The government was defeated in a confidence vote on 8 September 2025 in the National Assembly, with 364 deputies voting against confidence and 194 deputies voting in favour of confidence.
Pollanisus trimacula
Pollanisus trimacula is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is found in Australia in south-eastern Queensland and eastern parts of New South Wales.

The length of the forewings is 7.5–9.5 mm for males and 8–9 mm for females. There are probably two generations per year, with adults on wing in late summer and spring.

Larvae have been reared on Hibbertia scandens and Hibbertia dentata.

Hibbertia dentata
Hibbertia dentata, commonly known as toothed guinea flower, trailing guinea flower or twining guinea flower, is an ornamental plant in the family Dilleniaceae native to the east coast of Australia. Found in woodland, it is a trailing or twining vine with leaves with several small 'teeth' on the margins and bright yellow flowers in early spring. It adapts readily to cultivation and can be grown as a pot plant. The species was first described in 1817.
2006 All England Open Badminton Championships
The 2006 All England Open (officially known as the YONEX All England Open Badminton Championships 2006  for sponsorship reasons) was badminton tournament which took place at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, England, on from 17 to 22 January 2006 and had a total purse of $125,000.

Gail Emms
Gail Elizabeth Emms MBE (born 23 July 1977) is a retired English badminton player who has achieved international success in doubles tournaments. A badminton player since the age of four, Emms was first chosen to represent England in 1995 and regularly played for her country until her retirement from professional sport in 2008.

Her best results were winning gold at the 2006 World Championships in Madrid, 2004 European Championships in Geneva, and a silver medal at the 2004 Olympic Games, partnering Nathan Robertson in the mixed doubles. At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester she won a bronze medal with Joanne Goode in the women's doubles and won gold as part of the England team in the mixed team event. In the English National Championships she won the mixed doubles three times and the women's doubles twice.