hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pakistan Catholic Bishops' Conference
The Pakistan Catholic Bishops' Conference (PCBC) serves as the assembly of catholic bishops in Pakistan. Its primary objectives are to facilitate coordinated discussions on issues affecting the Church and to formulate common policies and actions that support the Church's mission in the country.

On 18 April 1990, the PCBC made the decision to establish a new seminary for philosophical studies in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lahore, recognising the need for an additional institution beyond the Christ the King Seminary in Karachi, which was previously the only major seminary in Pakistan. 
In 1997, the PCBC further expanded its efforts by approving the establishment of the National Catholic Institute of Theology in Karachi to provide theological education in line with the renewal inspired by the Second Vatican Council.

Christ the King Seminary (Pakistan)
The Christ the King Seminary is a Roman Catholic seminary in Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town, Karachi, Pakistan; located in  adjacent to the Portiuncula Friary. In its early years most of the faculty were provided by the Franciscans. It has been described as "the pioneering theological institution for the Catholic Church in Pakistan."

The high-water mark of the seminary's 50-year existence was the recruitment of 98 seminarians for the class that entered in 1990.
2022 Arauca clashes
On 2 January 2022, 23 people were killed in clashes between far-left guerrilla groups in Arauca Department, Colombia. The National Liberation Army (ELN) clashed with Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) dissidents near the border with Venezuela.

FARC agreed to a ceasefire in 2016, but there are around 5,000 dissidents currently operating. There are about 2,500 active ELN members. Colombia is the world's largest producer of cocaine; the two militant groups clash due to fighting over control of the large illegal drug trade.

Illegal drug trade in Colombia
The illegal drug trade in Colombia has, since the 1970s, centered successively on four major drug trafficking cartels: Medellín, Cali, Norte del Valle, and North Coast, as well as several bandas criminales, or BACRIMs. The trade eventually created a new social class and influenced several aspects of Colombian culture, economics, and politics.

The Colombian government efforts to reduce the influence of drug-related criminal organizations is one of the origins of the Colombian conflict, an ongoing low-intensity war among rival narcoparamilitary groups, guerrillas and drug cartels fighting each other to increase their influence and against the Colombian government that struggles to stop them.
Gero Island
Gero Island is a large island on Chesuncook Lake in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The island is 3,175 acres (1,285 ha) in area, with all but 133 acres (54 ha) regulated. It is known for exemplary natural communities of slender rush as well as white pine forest and lower elevation spruce-fir forest. Chesuncook Lake was created by damming the West Branch Penobscot River in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Most of the island's original trees were cut in the 1920s, while more were cut in the 1980s during a spruce budworm outbreak. There are four campsites along the shoreline. The island is part of the Maine Natural Areas Program and is considered publicly owned reserved land, open for camping and recreation year-round.

Juncus tenuis
Juncus tenuis, the slender rush, is a clump-forming, round-stemmed perennial in the Juncaceae (rush family).  Slender rush grows to be between 15 and 60 cm tall.  Generally considered a weed, it is rarely sold by retailers as a household container plant. Where it is introduced, it is colloquially called path rush, field rush, slender yard rush, poverty rush or wiregrass.

The leaves of the plant all come from the base and are not nearly as tall as the stems.  The stems are partly covered by sheaths, and have the most distinctive characteristic of the plant on them: clusters or cymes at the top.  These cymes consist of branches that have small egg-shaped seed capsules at the end of them.  The seeds split into three parts when they become ripe. The plant also spreads via rhizomatous root growth.
Leonardo's robot
Leonardo's robot, or Leonardo's mechanical knight (Italian: Automa cavaliere, lit. "Automaton knight"), is a humanoid automaton designed and possibly constructed by Leonardo da Vinci in the late 15th century.

The robot’s design largely consists of a series of pulleys that allow it to mimic human movements. Operational versions of the robot have been reconstructed by multiple researchers after the discovery of Leonardo’s sketches in the 1950s. Leonardo’s designs may have served as inspirations for robotics projects backed by NASA and Intuitive Surgical.

Intuitive Surgical
Intuitive Surgical, Inc. is an American biotechnology company that develops, manufactures, and markets robotic products designed to improve clinical outcomes of patients through minimally invasive surgery, most notably with the da Vinci Surgical System.  The company is part of the Nasdaq-100, S&P 100 and S&P 500. As of 31 December 2021, Intuitive Surgical had an installed base of 6,730 da Vinci Surgical Systems, including 4,139 in the U.S., 1,199 in Europe, 1,050 in Asia, and 342 in the rest of the world.

Intuitive Surgical first appeared on the Fortune 500 in 2024 at number 497; in 2025 the company rose to number 459 overall and ranked 43rd within the healthcare sector.
Miaoli
Miaoli City (Wade–Giles: Miao²-li⁴-shih⁴; Hakka PFS: Mèu-li̍t-sṳ; Hokkien POJ: Biâu-le̍k-chhī or Miâu-le̍k-chhī; Japanese Byōritsushi) is a county-administered city and the county seat of Miaoli County, Taiwan. Miaoli has a relatively high percentage of Hakka people. It had the  second highest residential price and the highest commercial price for land in Miaoli County as of 2004, at NT$28,601 per square meter and NT$63,317 per square meter, respectively.

Taiwan Railway
Taiwan Railway (TR) is a state-owned conventional railway in Taiwan. It is operated by the Taiwan Railway Corporation under the supervision of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track in Taiwan. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

The railway was previously operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation.
A Summary View of the Rights of British America
A Summary View of the Rights of British America was a tract written by Thomas Jefferson in 1774, before the United States Declaration of Independence, in which he laid out for delegates to the First Continental Congress a set of grievances against King George III, especially against King George III and the Parliament of Great Britain's response to the Boston Tea Party. Jefferson declares that Parliament never had the right to govern the Thirteen Colonies  because the colonies were founded independently from British rule.

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
Bhag Singh Ahluwalia
Bhag Singh Ahluwalia (or Bagh Singh Ahluwalia), was the chief of the Ahluwalia Misl from 1783 to 1801. He succeeded Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, following a disputed succession against Jassa Singh’s sons-in-law. Before his rule, he was a close associate and administrator under Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. He is noted for his military campaigns against the Nakkai, Bhangi, and Ramgarhia misls, as well as his alliance with Jai Singh Kanhaiya and Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra.

Nakai Misl
The Nakai Misl (Punjabi: ਨਕਈ ਮਿਸਲ (Gurmukhi), نکئی مثل (Shahmukhi)), founded by Sandhu Jats, was one of the twelve Sikh Misls (groupings with their distinct guerrilla militia) that later became part of the Sikh Empire. It held territory between the Ravi and Sutlej rivers southwest of Lahore in what became Pakistan. The misl fought against the Sials, the Pathans and the Kharals before it was incorporated into the Sikh Empire of the Sukerchakia Misl by Ranjit Singh. The misl was founded by Jats.
2021 Nottingham Trophy
The 2021 Nottingham Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2021 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Nottingham, United Kingdom between 14 and 20 June 2021.

Arina Rodionova
Arina Ivanovna Rodionova (Russian: Арина Ивановна Родионова; born 15 December 1989) is a Russian-born Australian professional tennis player. On 5 February 2024, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 97. On 27 July 2015, she peaked at No. 41 in the doubles rankings.

Rodionova has won one WTA Tour and one WTA 125 doubles titles, and 16 singles and 42 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. In 2007, she won the Australian Open girls' doubles title, partnering Evgeniya Rodina.

Elder sister Anastasia is also a tennis professional, and the two sisters have intermittently contested doubles tournaments together with modest success. Their most notable achievement as a team came at the 2010 Malaysian Open, in which they reached the final before losing to Chan Yung-jan and Zheng Jie in a super tie-break.
Boris Flamík
Boris Flamík (born June 27, 1980) is a Slovak former ice hockey defenceman.

Flamík played 304 games in the Slovak Extraliga, playing for HK 36 Skalica and MHC Martin. He also played one game in the Czech Extraliga for BK Mladá Boleslav during the 2008–09 season.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.
Piedmont, Augusta County, Virginia
Piedmont is an unincorporated community in Augusta County, Virginia, United States.  Piedmont is located 10.4 miles (16.7 km) northeast of Staunton and 10.1 miles (16.3 km) north-northwest of Waynesboro.

Staunton, Virginia
Staunton (/ˈstæntən/ STAN-tən) is an independent city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,750. In Virginia, independent cities are separate jurisdictions from the counties that surround them, so the government offices of Augusta County are in Verona, which is contiguous to Staunton. Staunton is a principal city of the Staunton-Stuarts Draft Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2020 population of 125,433. Staunton is known for being the birthplace of Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. president, and as the home of Mary Baldwin University, historically a women's college. The city is also home to Stuart Hall, a private co-ed preparatory school, as well as the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind. It was the first city in the United States with a fully defined city manager system.
Nicky Gooch
Nicholas "Nicky" John Gooch (born 30 January 1973) is a British short track speed skater who competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics, 1994 Winter Olympics, 1998 Winter Olympics and 2002 Winter Olympics.

Gooch was born in Roehampton, south-west London, United Kingdom.  In 1992 he was a member of the British relay team which finished sixth in the 5000 metre relay competition.

Roehampton
Roehampton is an area in southwest London, sharing its SW15 postcode with neighbouring Putney and Kingston Vale, and takes up a far western strip, running north to south, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It contains a number of large council house estates and is home to the University of Roehampton.
The Wishing Tree (1976 film)
The Wishing Tree (Georgian: ნატვრის ხე, Natvris Khe, Russian: Древо желания, romanized: Drevo Zhelania) is a 1976 Georgian drama film directed by Tengiz Abuladze. It won the Lenin Prize, the All-Union Film Festival main prize and other prizes. The film is based on Giorgi Leonidze's short stories.

The textures of folk legend and striking visual allegory permeate The Wishing Tree, an episodic pastorale set in a pre-revolutionary Georgian village and spanning four seasons in the lives of various village characters. Some twenty-two stories are woven into the narrative, which centers on a beautiful young woman who is forced to marry a man she does not love; her unsanctioned love for another leads her to ritual disgrace and sacrifice.

All-Union Film Festival
The All-Union Film Festival (Russian: Всесоюзный кинофестиваль; tr.:Vsesoyuznyy kinofestival, also known as ВКФ; VKF) was one of the most important film festivals of the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1958 and held regularly from 1964 to 1988.  It was held annually from 1972 onwards, and bi-annually before that (before 1964, there were festivals in the years 1958, 1959 and 1960). Its time and location were determined by Goskino and the Union of Soviet Composers.

There were four categories among which prizes were handed out:

Fiction films

Documentaries, scientific-popular films, and film-journals

Fiction films for children and youth (from 1977)

Animated films (from 1977)
2010 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 2010. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

Studio 23
Studio 23 (officially Studio 23, Inc. and stylized in all uppercase as STUDIO 23) was a Philippine free-to-air television network owned by AMCARA Broadcasting Network. The network was named for its flagship station in Metro Manila, DWAC-TV and carried on UHF channel 23. The network was a sister network of the main channel, ABS-CBN, airing programming aimed towards young adults, such as North American imports and other English-language programming, and original Tagalog programming aimed at the demographic as well, such as supplemental programming for ABS-CBN programs. This station studios were located at 3/F ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center, Sgt. Esguerra Ave., Mother Ignacia St., Diliman, Quezon City.
Caroline Levine
Caroline Levine (born December 12, 1970) is an American literary critic. She is the David and Kathleen Ryan Professor of Humanities at Cornell University. Her published works are in the fields of Victorian literature, literary theory, literary criticism, formalism, television, and climate change.

Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy, often witnessed within Western canon along with some postmodernist theory.
AD Casar de Cáceres
Agrupación Deportiva Casar de Cáceres was a Spanish football team based in Casar de Cáceres, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. Founded in 2003 and dissolved in 2014, it last played in Regional Preferente – Group 1, and held home games at Estadio Municipal de Casar de Cáceres.

Casar de Cáceres
Casar de Cáceres is a town and municipality in the province of Cáceres, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. With 4532 inhabitants in 2017, it is the second most populous municipality in the Tajo-Salor Mancomunidad. In the municipality there are two population centers: Casar de Cáceres and La Perala. The capital of the municipality is located about 10 kilometers from the capital of Caceres, in the middle of Vía de la Plata.

During the Ancien Régime, the municipality belonged to the comunidad de villa y tierra of Cáceres. and until the first half of the 19th century it was considered as a hamlet of the village of Cáceres.
Society for Musicology in Ireland
The Society for Musicology in Ireland (SMI) is an Irish learned society in the field of musicology. Founded in 2003, it reflects the growing research activity and the increasing academic tuition available at Irish universities in the fields of music and musicology that has been visible since the early 1990s. Since 2011, the SMI benefits from charitable tax exemption by the Revenue Commissioners.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Graham Kendrick
Graham Kendrick (born 2 August 1950) is a British Christian singer, songwriter and worship leader.

He is the son of Baptist pastor M. D. Kendrick and grew up in Laindon, Essex, and Putney. He now lives in Tunbridge Wells and is a member of Christ Church, Tunbridge Wells. He was a member of Ichthus Christian Fellowship. Together with Roger Forster, Gerald Coates and Lynn Green, he was a founder of March for Jesus.

Royal Tunbridge Wells
Royal Tunbridge Wells (formerly, until 1909, and still commonly Tunbridge Wells) is a town in Kent, England, 30 miles (50 kilometres) southeast of Central London. It lies close to the border with East Sussex on the northern edge of the High Weald, whose sandstone geology is exemplified by the rock formation High Rocks. The town was a spa in the Restoration and a fashionable resort in the mid-1700s under Beau Nash when the Pantiles, and its chalybeate spring, attracted visitors who wished to take the waters. Though its popularity as a spa town waned with the advent of sea bathing, the town still derives much of its income from tourism. The prefix "Royal" was granted to it in 1909 by King Edward VII; it is one of only three towns in England with the title.

The town had a population of 59,947 in 2016, and is the administrative centre of Tunbridge Wells Borough and in the parliamentary constituency of Tunbridge Wells.
Lac de Bettaniella
Lac de Bettaniella (Corsican: Lavu à a Vetta Niella) is a lake in Corsica, France. At an elevation of 2321 m, its surface area is 0.075 km². In French, it is sometimes alternatively known as Lac de Bellebone or Lac du Rotondo. It is the largest natural lake in Corsica. La de Bettaniella is an endorheic lake and is glacial in origin. The lake is in the Monte Rotondo massif.

Endorheic lake
An endorheic lake (also called a sink lake or terminal lake) is a collection of water within an endorheic basin, or sink, with no evident outlet. Endorheic lakes are generally saline as a result of being unable to get rid of solutes left in the lake by evaporation. These lakes can be used as indicators of anthropogenic change, such as irrigation or climate change, in the areas surrounding them. Lakes with subsurface drainage are called cryptorheic.
Observance of 5th November Act 1605
The Observance of 5th November Act 1605 (3 Jas. 1. c. 1), also known as the Thanksgiving Act 1605, was an act of the Parliament of England passed in 1606 in the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot.

The originating bill was drafted and introduced on 23 January 1606 (New Style) by Edward Montagu and called for an annual public thanksgiving for the failure of the plot. It required church ministers to hold a special service of thanksgiving annually on 5 November, during which the text of the act was to be read out loud. Everyone was required to attend, and to remain orderly throughout the service, although no penalties were prescribed for breach. The act remained on the statute book until 1859.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
Murchison-Toolamba Football Netball Club
Murchison-Toolamba Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Grasshoppers, is an Australian Rules Football and Netball club that plays its home games in the small north eastern Victoria town of Murchison. Its name also recognises the initial 1952 merger with nearby town of Toolamba.

It now competes in the Kyabram District Football League, where they field four grades of football (Seniors, Reserves, Under 18's & Under 15's) and Goulburn Murray Junior League, where they field two grades of football (Under 12s & Under 9s), and 8 grades of Netball (KDNL; A-Grade, B-Grade, C-Grade, C Reserve, Under 17's, Under 15's, Under 13's and Under 11's).

Goulburn Valley League
The Goulburn Valley League (GVL), also known as the Goulburn Valley Football Netball League (GVFNL), is an Australian rules football and netball competition based in the Goulburn Valley region of Victoria.
Sword Records, Inc.
Sword Records, Inc. was an independent record label based in Tokyo, Japan, until it closed in 2022. The label managed 4 bands; ALvino, D'espairsRay, DuelJewel, and Vidoll.

Sword was founded in 2007, after the dissolution of Sweet Child Records, the label responsible for Luna Sea (management only) and D'espairsRay. Sword has a close relationship with many other record labels; Universal Music Japan has been contracted to distribute D'espairsRay and DuelJewel, and Crown Records distributes Vidoll and ALvino.

Vidoll
Vidoll (Japanese: ヴィドール, Hepburn: Bidōru) was a Japanese visual kei rock band formed in 2002 with the concept "Occult Romance". They were signed to independent labels Matina, Undercode, and Sword Records. After signing with Nippon Crown, they released three albums and had three top 40 singles before disbanding in 2011.

CD Journal describes Vidoll as representative of the visual kei scene, distinguished from other bands by their striking looks and Jui's vocal performance.