hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minor (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, a minor of a matrix A is the determinant of some smaller square matrix generated from A by removing one or more of its rows and columns. Minors obtained by removing just one row and one column from square matrices (first minors) are useful for calculating matrix cofactors, which are useful for computing both the determinant and inverse of square matrices.  The requirement that the square matrix be smaller than the original matrix is often omitted in the definition.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Taulant Balla
Taulant Balla (born 12 August 1977) is an Albanian politician. He served as the Minister of State for Parliament Relations of Albania from July 2024 to September 2025. Previously he was Minister of Internal Affairs from July 2023 to July 2024. He is a member of the Socialist Party of Albania, and has served as a Member of the Albanian Parliament (MP) representing Librazhd since the 2005 general election. Balla has also held senior roles within the party, including General Secretary and Parliamentary Group Leader.

Socialist Party of Albania
The Socialist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë, PSSh), also known as simply the Socialist Party (Albanian: Partia Socialiste, PS), is a social-democratic centre-left political party in Albania. It is the successor to the Party of Labour of Albania, which reconstituted itself under its current name on 13 June 1991 after the fall of communism in an effort to adapt to the new political landscape. It has been the country’s Governing Party since 2013. The Socialist Party is one of the two major parties in Albanian politics along with the Democratic Party. The PS is an associate of the Party of European Socialists and a member of the Socialist International.
Nicholas le Maure
Nicholas le Maure (French: Nicolas le Maure; fl. 1297–1315/6) was a French knight of the Principality of Achaea, lord of Saint-Sauveur, who served as the Principality's bailli on behalf of the Angevins of Naples between 1314 and 1315/6.

Bailiff (France)
A bailiff (French: bailli, pronounced [baji] ⓘ) was the king's administrative representative during the ancien régime in northern France, where the bailiff was responsible for the application of justice and control of the administration and local finances in his bailiwick (baillage).
Baeksang Arts Award for Most Popular Actor
The Baeksang Arts Awards for Most Popular Actor (Korean: 백상예술대상 인기상; RR: Baeksang Yesul Daesang Ingisang) is an award presented annually at the Baeksang Arts Awards ceremony organised by Ilgan Sports and JTBC Plus, affiliates of JoongAng Ilbo, usually in the second quarter of each year in Seoul.

Before 2018, the winners were announced in both film and television categories. The award is voted by the public and all male acting nominees from film and television categories are eligible. TikTok held the naming rights for this award from 2020 to 2023.

JoongAng Ilbo
The JoongAng, formerly known as JoongAng Ilbo (Korean: 중앙일보; lit. Central Daily), is a South Korean daily newspaper published in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the three biggest newspapers in South Korea, and a newspaper of record for South Korea. The paper also publishes an English edition, Korea JoongAng Daily, in alliance with the International New York Times. It is often regarded as the holding company of JoongAng Group chaebol (a spin-off from Samsung) as it is owner of various affiliates, such as the broadcast station and drama producing company JTBC, and movie theatres chain Megabox.
Mohs
Mohs or MoHS can refer to:

Friedrich Mohs, a 19th-century German geologist who developed:
Mohs scale, a scale used in materials science to describe hardness

Frederic E. Mohs, an American doctor who developed:
Mohs surgery, a microscopically controlled surgery highly effective for common types of skin cancer

Erik Mohs, a German professional racing cyclist

Mohs Automobile, an automobile  built by the American Mohs Seaplane Corporation

Moanalua High School, a public, co-educational college preparatory high school in Hawaiʻi

The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, a 2006 anime sci-fi television series

Mount Olive High School, a U.S. public high school in Flanders, New Jersey

Ministry of Health and Sports (Myanmar), a ministry of the government of Myanmar

Ministry of Health and Sports (Myanmar)
Ministry of Health and Sports regroups the two following ministries: Ministry of Health and Ministry of Sports.In 2016, President Htin Kyaw dissolved the Ministry of Sports (Myanmar) and organized it under the Ministry of Health. On 25 May 2016, under Htin Kyaw's Government, it was renamed to Ministry of Health and Sports, regrouping both ministries in one governing body.

On 1 August 2021, the SAC reconstituted the Ministry of Health and Sports as Ministry of Health and Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs.
Shacklock
Shacklock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Shacklock (born 1950), English musician

Constance Shacklock (1913–1999), English contralto

Frank Shacklock (1861 – 1 May 1937), English cricketer

Henry Ely Shacklock (1839–1902), Kiwi iron moulder and manufacturer

Kerry Shacklock (born 1971), English swimmer

Michael Shacklock (born 2008), Singaporean sprinter

Frank Shacklock
Francis Joseph Shacklock (22 September 1861 – 1 May 1937) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Nottinghamshire in 1883 and between 1886 and 1893, for Derbyshire in 1884 and 1885, for MCC between 1889 and 1893, and for Otago in New Zealand from 1903 to 1905. Shacklock may have been the inspiration for the first name of Arthur Conan Doyle's character Sherlock Holmes.
Pickle Storm
Pickle Storm is a British children's sitcom created by Dan Gaster, Will Ing, and Paul Powell for CBBC. Produced by Black Dog Television, it premiered on 9 September 2024. The series centers on the eponymous Pickle Storm, a 9-year-old girl who fled Kelftania, her magic-filled fantasy home world, to seek refuge in the fictitious town of Middlington in the United Kingdom.

The series is filmed in Northern Ireland. A second series was broadcast in 2025.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
Most Improved Player
In some sports, a Most Improved Player award is given to players who have improved the most over the year.

Greek Basket League Most Improved Player

Israeli Basketball Premier League Most Improved Player

NBA Most Improved Player Award

NBA G League Most Improved Player Award

PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year

WNBA Most Improved Player Award

NBA G League Most Improved Player Award
The NBA G League Most Improved Player is an annual NBA G League (previously known D-League or Development League) award given since the 2009–10 season. The award honors the player who demonstrated the most significant improvement over the course of the regular season. The league's head coaches determine the award by voting and it is usually presented to the honoree during the playoffs.

No player has been named the Most Improved Player more than once. By position, guards have dominated the award, having won in all but two years since its inception. Mildon Ambres was the inaugural winner while playing for the Idaho Stampede.
Juan José Moral
Juan José Moral Arnaiz (born 20 August 1951) is a Spanish former racing cyclist.

He was a delegate for Spain at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montréal, Canada, where he finished in 33rd place in the individual road race. He won the Spanish national road cycling championship for under 23 in 1971. He participated in the World Cycling Championships in 1974 and 1975. In 1975, representing the Spanish national team, he won the second stage in the Peace Race (Course the la Paix)in Germany, being the first Spanish doing it . In 1976, he finished third in the national road cycling championship and won the national time trial title. He finished second in the Tour of Ireland that year (behind Sean Kelly) and fourth in the Tour de Suisse.

Tour of Ireland
The Tour of Ireland (Irish: Turas na hÉireann, known from 1985 to 1992 as the Nissan Classic) was a bicycle stage race held in August, which ran for 35 editions over a 56-year period. Irish rider Seán Kelly recorded the most wins, four.

The first Tour of Ireland race debuted in 1953 and ran until 1957. It was revived in 1965 and ran until 1985. In 1985 the 5-day Nissan International Classic took over as the Tour of Ireland. This lasted for 8 years until 1992. The race returned 15 years later, in 2007, as the Tour of Ireland and was part of the UCI Europe Tour.  The organisers confirmed on 1 June 2010 that the 2010 race would not take place due to a financial shortfall, and as of 2019, there is no further news of a revival.
Morfran
Morfran (Middle Welsh: Moruran "cormorant"; literally "sea crow", from môr, "sea", and brân, "crow", from Common Brittonic *mori-brannos, as in French cormoran < L corvus marinus) is a figure in Welsh mythology. Usually portrayed as a warrior under King Arthur, he is noted for the darkness of his skin and his hideousness. He appears in the narratives about the bard Taliesin and in the Welsh Triads, where he is often contrasted with the angelically handsome Sanddef.

Middle Welsh
Middle Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg Canol, Middle Welsh: Kymraec) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed directly from Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg).
Suprabatham
Suprabatham (transl. Auspicious morning) is a 1979 Indian Tamil-language devotional film directed by K. Shankar and co-written by S. Jagadeesan. The film stars an ensemble cast including Jai Ganesh, Latha, R. Muthuraman, M. N. Nambiar, Sarath Babu, Sorna, P. S. Veerappa, K. R. Vijaya and C. R. Vijayakumari. It was released on 14 April 1979.

M. N. Nambiar
Mannjheri Narayanan Nambiar (7 March 1919 – 19 November 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema, renowned for his portrayals of villainous characters. With a career spanning over eight decades, he became a notable figure in the industry. Nambiar also appeared in a few Malayalam, Telugu, English and Hindi films during his career.

He appeared in many MGR  movies as a villain. Some of the famous ones include Enga Veettu Pillai, Aayirathil Oruvan, Nadodi Mannan, Naalai Namadhe, Padagotti, Thirudathe, En Annan, Kaavalkaaran and Kudiyirundha Koyil.
Palermo Notarbartolo railway station
Palermo Notarbartolo (Italian: Stazione di Palermo Notarbartolo) is one of the main railway stations serving the city and comune of Palermo, capital of the region of Sicily in Italy.  Opened in 1974, it is the second most important station in Palermo, after Palermo Centrale.  It forms part of the Palermo–Trapani railway, and is also the junction station for a branch line to Palermo Giachery.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). Train services are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Thallium poisoning case of Zhu Ling
Zhu Ling (Chinese: 朱令; pinyin: Zhū Lìng, 24 April 1973 – 22 December 2023) was the victim of an unsolved thallium poisoning case in Beijing, China. In late 1994, while studying chemistry at Tsinghua University, she was poisoned and, in 1995, fell into a coma. Her symptoms were posted online via a Usenet newsgroup by her friend Bei Zhicheng from Peking University, and were subsequently reviewed and diagnosed by physicians around the world. Although Zhu’s life was saved, she suffered severe neurological damage and permanent physical impairment. The investigation was closed in 1998 due to a lack of evidence and went cold until renewed public attention in the  2010s, becoming one of the most high-profile cases in China and giving rise to widespread speculation and conspiracy theories.

Sun Yueqi
Sun Yueqi (simplified Chinese: 孙越崎; traditional Chinese: 孫越崎, 16 October 1893 – 9 December 1995), formerly known as Sun Yuqi or Sun Shifen, was an industrialist and politician in the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. He led the surveys and developments of several coal mines and oil fields in China, such as the Yanchang and Yumen Oilfields.

In 1946, Sun was the vice chairman of the National Resources Commission under the Nationalist government. During his term, he presided over the survey and mapping of the Three Gorges Project by American hydraulic engineer John L. Savage.
Internet manipulation
Internet manipulation is the use of online digital technologies, including algorithms, social bots, and automated scripts, for commercial, social, military, or political purposes. Internet and social media manipulation are the prime vehicles for spreading disinformation due to the importance of digital platforms for media consumption and everyday communication. When employed for political purposes, internet manipulation may be used to steer public opinion, polarise citizens, circulate conspiracy theories, and silence political dissidents. Internet manipulation can also be done for profit, for instance, to harm corporate or political adversaries and improve brand reputation. Internet manipulation is sometimes also used to describe the selective enforcement of Internet censorship or selective violations of net neutrality.

Internet manipulation for propaganda purposes with the help of data analysis and internet bots in social media is called computational propaganda.

Daniel Suarez (author)
Daniel Suarez (born December 21, 1964) is an American novelist, writing principally in the science fiction and techno-thriller genres. He initially published under the pseudonym Leinad Zeraus (his name spelled backwards).
1989 Hertfordshire County Council election
The 1989 Hertfordshire County Council election took place on 4 May 1989 to elect members of Hertfordshire County Council in Hertfordshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

At the election, the Conservatives gained control of the council from No overall control.

Hertfordshire County Council
Hertfordshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Hertfordshire, in England. The council was created in 1889. It is responsible for a wide range of public services in the county, including social care, transport, education, and the Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service. The Liberal Democrats have held a plurality of the seats on the council since May 2025, and currently run the council as a minority administration. The council meets and has its main offices at Robertson House in Stevenage.
2010–11 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team represented the University of Louisville during the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, Louisville's 97th season of intercollegiate competition. The Cardinals competed in the Big East Conference and were coached by Rick Pitino, who was in his 10th season. The team played its home games on Denny Crum Court at the KFC Yum! Center, their first season at the new arena after 54 years at Freedom Hall.

The team finished the season 25–10, 12–6 in Big East play (3rd-T) and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big East men's basketball tournament to Connecticut. They received an at-large bid and a #4 seed in the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they were upset in the second round by #13 seeded Morehead State.

2011 Big East men's basketball tournament
The 2011 Big East men's basketball tournament, a part of the 2010-11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, took place from March 8–12, 2011, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. This was the third Big East tournament to include all 16 of the conference's teams. The teams finishing 9 through 16 in the regular season standings played first-round games, while teams 5 through 8 received byes to the second round. The top 4 teams during the regular season received double-byes to the quarterfinals. The tournament was won by Connecticut, their seventh title, tying Georgetown for the most championships in Big East Men's Basketball Tournament history. Connecticut guard Kemba Walker was named the tournament MVP.
Steinar Lem
Steinar Henning Lem (9 May 1951 – 28 April 2009) was a Norwegian environmental activist, author and spokesperson for Fremtiden i våre hender (Future In Our Hands), Norway's largest movement for comprehensive social change. He criticized the consumption-oriented society and focus on economic growth, and the difference in income between the rich and poor part of the world. He also supported better preservation of predators in Norway, like the wolf. Lem died aged 57 from pancreatic cancer at Aker University Hospital in Oslo, two months after it was diagnosed. He is survived by his wife and two daughters, then six years old.

Oslo University Hospital, Aker
Oslo University Hospital, Aker (also known as Aker Hospital or just Aker) is one of the four main campuses of Oslo University Hospital. It was an independent hospital from 1895 to 2009, under the name Aker Hospital and from 2002 Aker University Hospital. Originally established as the municipal hospital of Aker, the hospital became a university hospital affiliated with the University of Oslo in 1948.
2014 BWF World Championships – Mixed doubles
The mixed doubles tournament of the 2014 Copenhagen World Championships (World Badminton Championships) took place from August 25 to 31, 2014. Defending champions Tontowi Ahmad and Lilyana Natsir did not enter the competition.

BWF World Championships
The BWF World Championships is a badminton tournament organized by the Badminton World Federation. It's the most prestigious badminton competition, offering the most ranking points, along with the Summer Olympics badminton events introduced in 1992. The winners of the tournament are World Champions of the sport and are awarded a gold medal.

The tournament started in 1977 and was held once every three years until 1983. However, the International Badminton Federation faced difficulty in hosting the first two events as the World Badminton Federation, which later merged with the IBF to form one badminton federation, hosted the same tournament a year after the IBF World Championships with the same goals.

Since 1985, the tournament became biennial and played once every two years until 2005. Starting 2006, the tournament was changed to an annual event on the BWF calendar. The tournament is not held during the Summer Olympics years to avoid schedule conflicts.
Ar-Ruʼays
Ar-Ruʼays (Arabic: اَلرُّؤَيْس), also spelled Al Ruwais, is a port town in the Qatari municipality of Al Shamal. It is located on the northern tip of Qatar, approximately 127 km (79 miles) north of the capital Doha. Before the country's economic landscape was transformed by oil extraction, Al Ruwais was one of the most important fishing centers on the peninsula.

The town is best known for the Al Ruwais Port, the second-most important port in Qatar. It is also known for accommodating what is thought to be the earliest-constructed surviving mosque in Qatar.

Municipalities of Qatar
Since 2015, Qatar has been divided into eight municipalities. In 2004, a new municipality, Al Daayen, was created under Resolution No. 13, formed from parts of Umm Salal and Al Khawr; at the same time, Al Ghuwariyah was merged with Al Khawr; Al Jumaliyah was merged with Ar Rayyan; Jarayan al Batnah was split between Al Rayyan and Al Wakrah; and Mesaieed was merged with Al Wakrah. In 2014, the western city of Al-Shahaniya split off from Al Rayyan Municipality to form its own municipality.

For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 98 zones (as of 2015), which are in turn subdivided into districts and blocks, the latter being the lowest subdivision.
EX postcode area
The EX postcode area, also known as the Exeter postcode area, is a group of 33 postcode districts in South West England, within 30 post towns. These cover north and east Devon (including Exeter, Barnstaple, Axminster, Beaworthy, Bideford, Braunton, Budleigh Salterton, Chulmleigh, Colyton, Crediton, Cullompton, Dawlish, Exmouth, Holsworthy, Honiton, Ilfracombe, Lynmouth, Lynton, North Tawton, Okehampton, Ottery St Mary, Seaton, Sidmouth,  Sidford, Sidbury, South Molton, Tiverton, Torrington, Umberleigh, Winkleigh and Woolacombe), plus the northernmost part of Cornwall (including Bude) and very small parts of Somerset and Dorset.

Seaton, Devon
Seaton (/ˈsiːtən/) is a seaside town, fishing harbour and civil parish in East Devon on the south coast of England, between Axmouth (to the east) and Beer (to the west). It faces onto Lyme Bay and is on the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site. A sea wall provides access to the mostly shingle beach stretching for about a mile, and a small harbour on the River Axe estuary.

The population of Seaton parish at the 2011 census was 8,413, whilst the Seaton and Beer Urban Area (which includes Colyton) had an estimated population of 12,815 in 2012. There are 3,300 homes in the parish, of which approximately one third are of single-person occupancy. The majority of those persons are of pensionable age.
Moon crab
Moon crab can refer to several crab taxa:

Matutidae – Family of crabs

Some species of land crabs including;

Gecarcinus [species]:
Gecarcinus quadratus from coastal Pacific regions between Mexico and Ecuador
Gecarcinus lateralis from coastal Atlantic regions between Florida and Guyana

Cardisoma [species]:
C. armatum from Africa
C. carnifex from Africa and the Indo-Pacific
C. crassum and C. guanhumi from the Americas

Gecarcinus
Gecarcinus is the type genus of the land crab family Gecarcinidae. They are found in warmer coastal regions of the Americas, including islands in the Caribbean. Four species from oceanic islands were formerly included in Gecarcinus as the subgenus Johngarthia, but are now treated as a separate genus, Johngarthia. While all members of this genus are largely terrestrial, they have to return to the ocean to breed (the larvae are released into the sea). They are often colourful, with reddish, orange, purple, yellowish, whitish, or blackish being the dominating hues. This has resulted in some species, notably G. quadratus and G. lateralis, gaining a level of popularity in the pet trade.