hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vernon Shaw
Vernon Lorden Shaw (13 May 1930 – 2 December 2013) was the fifth President of Dominica, in office from 1998 to 2003.

Shaw was an alumnus of the Dominica Grammar School and Trinity College, Oxford. He was a career civil servant, rising to the post of Cabinet Secretary in 1977, and retiring in 1990. He became resident tutor of the University of the West Indies in 1991.

Shaw was elected to a five-year term as president by the House of Assembly on 2 October 1998, as the candidate of the United Workers' Party (UWP). The secret ballot, party-line vote was 18–13. He took office on October 6, 1998, following the expiration of President Crispin Sorhaindo's single five-year term. Shaw left office on 1 October 2003, and was succeeded by Nicholas Liverpool. He died on 2 December 2013 at the age of 83.

Trinity College, Oxford
Trinity College (full name: The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope (Knight)) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas Pope, on land previously occupied by Durham College, home to Benedictine monks from Durham Cathedral.

Despite its large physical size, the college is relatively small in terms of student numbers at approximately 400. It was founded as a men's college and has been coeducational since 1979. As of 2023, the total funds of Trinity amounted to more than £224 million, including a financial endowment of £191 million.

Trinity has produced three British prime ministers, placing it third after Christ Church and Balliol in terms of former students who have held that office.
Good to Go, with a Tribute to Bu
Good to Go, with a Tribute to Bu is an album by drummer Andrew Cyrille. It was recorded in October 1995 at Mu Rec Studio, Milan, Italy, and was released by Soul Note in 1997. On the album, Cyrille is joined by flutist James Newton and bassist Lisle Atkinson. "Bu" was Art Blakey's nickname, and was derived from Abdullah Ibn Buhaina, the name he adopted after converting to Islam.

Black Saint/Soul Note
Black Saint and Soul Note are two affiliated Italian independent record labels. Since their conception in the 1970s, they have released albums from a variety of influential jazz musicians, particularly in the genre of free jazz.
Kyzylorda
Kyzylorda is a city in south-central Kazakhstan, capital of Kyzylorda Region and former capital of the Kazakh ASSR from 1925 to 1927.

The city has a population of 242,462 (2020). It historically developed around the Syr Darya river and was the site of a Kokand fortress. The population of the city with nearby villages is 312,861 (2020).

Syr Darya
The Syr Darya, historically known as the Jaxartes (/dʒækˈsɑːrtiːz/ jak-SAR-teez; Ancient Greek: Ἰαξάρτης), is a river in Central Asia. The name, which is Persian, literally means Syr Sea or Syr River. It originates in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan, and flows for 2,256.25 kilometres (1,401.97 mi) west and north-west through Uzbekistan, Sughd province of Tajikistan, and southern Kazakhstan to the northern remnants of the Aral Sea. It is the northern and eastern of the two main rivers in the endorheic basin of the Aral Sea, the other being the Amu Darya.

During the Soviet era, extensive irrigation projects were constructed around both rivers, diverting their water into farmland and causing, during the post-Soviet era, the virtual disappearance of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake. The point at which the river flows from Tajikistan into Uzbekistan is, at 300 m (980 ft) above sea level, the lowest elevation in Tajikistan.
Eudocima materna
Eudocima materna, the dot-underwing moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae found in widespread parts of the world, mainly in tropical Asia extending to New Guinea and Australia as well as in Africa. Reports from the United States, Canada and the French Antilles are now considered to be Eudocima apta. The species can be differentiated from other Eudocima moths by the presence of small central black dot in each hindwing. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of Systema Naturae.

12th edition of Systema Naturae
The 12th edition of Systema Naturae was the last edition of Systema Naturae to be overseen by its author, Carl Linnaeus. It was published by Laurentius Salvius in Holmia (Stockholm) in three volumes, with parts appearing from 1766 to 1768. It contains many species not covered in the previous edition, the 10th edition which was the starting point for zoological nomenclature.
SM UB-80
SM UB-80 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 8 September 1917 as SM UB-80.

UB-80 was surrendered to Italy in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany on 26 November 1918 and broken up at La Spezia in May 1919.

La Spezia
La Spezia is a city and municipality at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the eastern part of the region of Liguria in Italy, the capital of the Province of La Spezia. With a population of 92,711, it is the 2nd-largest municipality in Liguria and the 52-largest in Italy.

La Spezia is the second-largest city in the Liguria region, after Genoa. Located roughly midway between Genoa and Pisa, on the Ligurian Sea, it is one of the main Italian military and commercial harbours and a major Italian Navy base. A popular seaside resort, it is also a significant railway junction, and is notable for its museums, for the Palio del Golfo rowing race, and for railway and boat links with the Cinque Terre.
Kanali
Kanali (Greek: Κανάλι) is a seaside village and a community in the Preveza regional unit, northwestern Greece. It was the seat of the former municipality Zalongo. The community consists of the villages Kanali, Kastrosykia, Mazi, Nea Thesi and Pidima Kyras. Kanali is situated on the Ionian Sea coast, 13 km north of Preveza.

The village Kastrosykia, 6 km northwest of Kanali, is the location of a city of ancient Epirus, probably of a port of Cassope.

Epirus (ancient state)
Epirus (/ɪˈpaɪrəs/; Epirote Greek: Ἄπειρος, Ápeiros; Attic Greek: Ἤπειρος, Ḗpeiros) was an ancient Greek kingdom, and later republic, located in the geographical region of Epirus, in parts of north-western Greece and southern Albania. Home to the ancient Epirotes, the state was bordered by the Aetolian League to the south, Ancient Thessaly and Ancient Macedonia to the east, and Illyrian tribes to the north. The Epirote king Pyrrhus is known to have made Epirus a powerful state in the wider Hellenistic world (during 297–272 BC) that was comparable to the likes of Macedon and Ancient Rome. Pyrrhus' armies also attempted an assault against the state of Ancient Rome during their unsuccessful campaign in what is now modern-day Italy.
Woodsmen of the West
Woodsmen of the West is a novel by Martin Allerdale Grainger, first published in 1908 by Edward Arnold. In writing the novel, Grainger drew on his experiences as a logger working in the coastal forests of British Columbia, Canada.

Woodsmen of the West is one of the first examples of realism in western Canadian literature. Grainger based his novel on his unsentimental account of life in the logging camps. This way of writing gave the story a rough edge that was unusual fare for Canadian readers.  It is a "dramatic and loosely structured tale... at heart a love story."  It also paints the picture of a logging operator both obsessed with the lumber trade and with his own power.  The accuracy of detail in Grainger's work has led it to be called "one of the finest examples of local realism in Canadian writing."

Edward Arnold (publisher)
Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd is a British publishing house with its head office in London.  The firm had published books for over 100 years. It was acquired by Hodder & Stoughton in 1987 and became part of the Hodder Education group in 2001. In 2006, Hodder Arnold sold its academic journals to SAGE Publications. In 2009, Hodder Education sold its higher education lists in Media and Communications, History and English Literature, including many Arnold titles, to Bloomsbury Academic. In 2012, Hodder Education sold its medical and higher education lines, including the remainder of Arnold, to Taylor & Francis. Edward Arnold published books and journals for students, academics and professionals.
Bernhard Keller
Bernhard Keller (born 1962) is a Swiss mathematician, specializing in algebra. He is a professor at the University of Paris.

Keller received in 1990 his PhD from the University of Zurich under Pierre Gabriel with the thesis On Derived Categories.

His research is in homological algebra and the representation theory of quivers and finite-dimensional algebras. He has applied triangulated Calabi–Yau categories to the (additive) categorification 
of cluster algebras. 
In 2013, he received an honorary degree from the University of Antwerp.
In 2014 he received the Sophie Germain Prize. 
He was an Invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Madrid in 2006,
with a talk On differential graded categories. 
Keller is a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Quiver (mathematics)
In mathematics, especially representation theory, a quiver is another name for a multidigraph; that is, a directed graph where loops and multiple arrows between two vertices are allowed. Quivers are commonly used in representation theory: a representation V of a quiver assigns a vector space V(x) to each vertex x of the quiver and a linear map V(a) to each arrow a.

In category theory, a quiver can be understood to be the underlying structure of a small category, but without composition or a designation of identity morphisms.  That is, there is a forgetful functor from Cat (the category of small categories) to Quiv (the category of multidigraphs).  Its left adjoint is a free functor which, from a quiver, makes the corresponding free category.
Vrbové Synagogue
The Vrbové Synagogue is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Beňovského Street in  Vrbové, Slovakia. The synagogue was erected in 1883 and is a protected cultural monument. The synagogue building was bought in 1947 by Dezider Hačko, a local businessman, and assumed by the state in the following year. Subsequently restored, the building has served as a cultural center since 2016.

Cultural center
A cultural center or cultural centre is an organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts. Cultural centers can be neighborhood community arts organizations, private facilities, government-sponsored, or activist-run.
Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation
Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation (Chinese: 冥王聖幀; lit. 'Sacred Scroll of the King of the Underworld') is a Yuan dynasty silk hanging scroll, measuring 142 × 59 centimetres and dating from the 13th century, with didactic themes: a multi-scenic narrative that depicts Mani's Teachings about the Salvation combines a sermon subscene with the depictions of soteriological teaching in the rest of the painting.

The painting was regarded as a depiction of the six realms of saṃsāra by Japanese Buddhists, therefore it was called "Painting of the Six Paths of Rebirth" (Japanese: 六道図). After being studied by scholars like Takeo Izumi, Yutaka Yoshida, Zsuzsanna Gulácsi and Jorinde Ebert, they concluded that the painting is a Manichaean work of art. It was probably produced by a 13th-century painter from Ningbo, a city  in southern China, and is kept today in the Museum of Japanese Art Yamato Bunkakan in Nara, Nara.

Nara (city)
Nara (奈良市, Nara-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.ɕi] ⓘ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 2022, Nara has an estimated population of 367,353 according to World Population Review, making it the largest city in Nara Prefecture and sixth-largest in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara is a core city located in the northern part of Nara Prefecture bordering the Kyoto Prefecture.

Nara was the capital of Japan during the Nara period from 710 to 784 as the seat of the Emperor before the capital was moved to Nagaoka-kyō, except for the years 740 to 745, when the capital was placed in Kuni-kyō, Naniwa-kyō and Shigaraki Palace. Nara is home to eight major historic temples, shrines, and heritage sites, specifically Tōdai-ji, Saidai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Kasuga Shrine, Gangō-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, and the Heijō Palace, together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest, collectively form the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Eastern Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Eastern Intermediate Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Gerry Kennedy Crash Repairs Eastern Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Eastern IHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the eastern divisional section of the Waterford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association since 1964 and contested by intermediate team in the county of Waterford in Ireland.

In its current format, the Eastern Intermediate Hurling Championship begins with a group stage. The six participating teams play each other in a round-robin system. The two top-ranking teams proceed to the final match at Walsh Park. The winner of the Eastern IHC subsequently represent the division in the Waterford IHC.

Portlaw are the title holders after defeating St Molleran's by 3–21 to 0–13 in the 2024 final.

Portlaw GAA
Portlaw GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Portlaw, County Waterford, Ireland. The club enters teams in both codes.  Portlaw have been quite successful in hurling having won the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship on 6 occasions. They currently play both intermediate hurling and football in Waterford.
So Evil, So Young
So Evil, So Young is a 1961 British second feature ('B') Technicolor reform school prison film directed by Godfrey Grayson and starring Jill Ireland and Ellen Pollock. It was written by Mark Grantham and produced by The Danzigers.

Prison film
A prison film is a film genre concerned with prison life and often prison escape. These films range from acclaimed dramas examining the nature of prisons, such as A Man Escaped, Cool Hand Luke, Midnight Express, Brubaker, Escape from Alcatraz, The Shawshank Redemption, and Kiss of the Spider Woman to actioners like Lock Up and Undisputed, and even comedies satirizing the genre like Stir Crazy, Life, and Let's Go to Prison. Prison films have been asserted to be "guilty of oversimplifying complex issues, the end result of which is the proliferation of stereotypes". For example, they are said to perpetuate "a common misperception that most correctional officers are abusive", and that prisoners are "violent and beyond redemption".
Lottie Ejebrant
Lottie Ejebrant (real name Gunhild Ejebrant, born 17 May 1944) is a Swedish actress. She has been married to Gunnar Edander.

Ejebrant started the theatrical organization Fickteatern in 1968 together with Suzanne Osten, Leif Sundberg and Gunnar Edander.

In 1998 Ejebrant received the Guldmasken Award for her appearance in Spanska Flugan at Intiman. Her last theatre-appearance was in Erland Josephson's play Blomsterplockarna at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 2006/2007.

Suzanne Osten
Carlota Suzanne Osten (20 June 1944 – 28 October 2024) was a Swedish film director, stage director, and screenwriter. She won the award for Best Director at the 22nd Guldbagge Awards for the film The Mozart Brothers.
Yelü Yansage
Yelü Yansage, King of Qi (Chinese: 耶律罨撒葛; 935–972) was a prince of the Liao dynasty. He was the second son of Emperor Taizong of Liao and the second younger brother of Emperor Muzong. He was honoured as Crown Prince Qinjing (欽靖皇太叔). After his nephew Emperor Jingzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to the King of Qi, and his consort Xiao Hunian became the Queen of Qi. In 972, he died and Xiao Hunian received the title of Consort Dowager. After he died, his consort took over as head of his army and became the commander in chief of an expeditionary force against border tribes in the west in 994 and led her troops in a campaign against the Western Xia, where she was credited with the establishment of the northwestern city of Kodun.

Emperor Jingzong of Liao
Emperor Jingzong of Liao (1 September 948 – 13 October 982), personal name Yelü Xian, courtesy name Xianning, was the fifth emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China. He improved government efficiency and reduced corruption. He was known for going to war with the Northern Song dynasty. He died during a hunting trip and his wife later served as regent over his still 11-year-old son, the later Emperor Shengzong.
Abe Goff
Abe McGregor Goff (December 21, 1899  – November 23, 1984) was an attorney and Republican politician from the U.S. state of Idaho, most notably as a one-term congressman from 1947 to 1949. He served in the U.S. Army in both world wars.

Palouse
The Palouse (/pəˈluːs/ pə-LOOSS) is a geographic region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of north central Idaho, southeastern Washington (part of eastern Washington), and by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes. Situated about 160 miles (260 km) north of the Oregon Trail, the region experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century.

The Palouse is home to two land-grant universities: the University of Idaho in Moscow and Washington State University in Pullman. Just eight miles (13 km) apart, both universities opened in the early 1890s.
United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011
The United Kingdom was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song "I Can" written by Duncan James, Lee Ryan, Ciaron Bell, Ben Collier, Ian Hope, Liam Keenan and StarSign, and performed by the group Blue. The British participating broadcaster, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), internally selected both the song and the performer. Blue was announced as the British entrant on 29 January 2011, while the song "I Can" was presented to the public on 11 March 2011.

As a member of the "Big Five", the United Kingdom automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 14, the United Kingdom placed 11th out of the 25 participating countries with 100 points.

Loose Women
Loose Women (known as Live Talk from 2000 to 2001), often abbreviated to LW, is a British talk show that broadcasts on ITV weekdays from 12:30 pm to 1:30 pm. and Virgin Media One in Ireland from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm. The show focuses on a panel of four female presenters who interview celebrities, talk about aspects of their lives, and discuss topical issues ranging from politics and current affairs to celebrity gossip and entertainment news. The 3,000th episode of Loose Women was broadcast on 15 May 2018. The show celebrated its 25th anniversary on 6 September 2024.
Isaiah 30
Isaiah 30 is the thirtieth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. The Jerusalem Bible groups chapters 28-35 together as a collection of "poems on Israel and Judah". The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges describes this chapter as "a series of Oracles dealing with the Egyptian Alliance and its consequences; the present state and future prospects of Israel, and the destruction of the Assyrians".

Nevi'im
The Nevi'im (/nəviˈiːm, nəˈviːɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: נְבִיאִים, romanized: Nəviʾim, lit. 'spokespersons, prophets') is the second major division of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), lying between the first division, the Torah (lit. 'instruction') and the third division, Ketuvim (lit. 'writings'). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets (Hebrew: נביאים ראשונים Nəviʾim Rishonim) consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets (נביאים אחרונים Nəviʾim Aḥaronim) include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.
La Caja Formation
The La Caja Formation is a geologic formation in Mexico. It preserves fossils dating from the Kimmeridgian to the lower Berriasian. La Caja Formation is widespread in northeastern and central Mexico and known for their abundant and diverse well-preserved ammonites. It was deposited in hemipelagic conditions, and predominantly consists of siliclastic sediments, including marl, with limestone. It is laterally equivalent to the  La Casita Formation, which represent more proximal facies. The ichthyosaur Parrassaurus yacahuitztli, metriorhynchid Cricosaurus saltillensis, and the giant pliosaur "Monster of Aramberri" are known from the formation.

Kimmeridgian
In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 154.8 ±0.8 Ma and 149.2 ±0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian and precedes the Tithonian.
Shahgarh, Amethi
Shahgarh is a village and community development block headquarters in Gauriganj tehsil of Amethi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 3,201 people, in 525 households. It historically was the seat of a taluqdari estate held by a branch of the Bandhalgoti Rajputs. Today it serves as the seat of a nyaya panchayat which also includes 13 other villages.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Roland McKean
Roland Neely McKean (October 30, 1917 – April 15, 1993) is an American economist. He received his A.B. and Ph.D. degrees in economics from the University of Chicago.  From  1951 to  1963, he was a research economist at the RAND Corporation, where he and Charles J. Hitch developed the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS), which was first implemented by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1961. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson extended adoption of PPBS to all executive departments.

He was a professor of economics at the  University of California, Los Angeles until 1968, and was the Paul Goodloe Macintire professor of economics at the University of Virginia until his retirement in 1988.

His books include Efficiency in Government Through Systems Analysis, Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age (with Charles J. Hitch), and Teacher Shortages and Salary Schedules (with Joseph A. Kershaw).

Output budgeting
Output budgeting is a wide-ranging management technique introduced in the United States in the mid-1960s by Robert S. McNamara's collaborator Charles J. Hitch, not always with ready cooperation with the administrators and based on the industrial management techniques of program budgeting. Subsequently, the technique has been introduced in other countries including Canada and the UK.