hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hopfion
A hopfion is a topological soliton. It is a stable three-dimensional localised configuration of a three-component field  of unit length with a knotted topological structure. They are the three-dimensional counterparts of 2D skyrmions, which exhibit similar topological properties in 2D. Hopfions are widely studied in many physical systems over the last half century.

The soliton is mobile and stable: i.e. it is protected from a decay by an energy barrier. It can be deformed but always conserves an integer Hopf topological invariant. It is named after the German mathematician, Heinz Hopf.

A model that supports hopfions was proposed as follows:

The terms of higher-order derivatives are required to stabilize the hopfions.

Stable hopfions were predicted within various physical platforms, including Yang–Mills theory, superconductivity and magnetism.

Activation energy
In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. The activation energy (Ea) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). Simplified:

Activation energy is the minimum energy barrier that reactant molecules must overcome to transform into products. A reaction occurs only if enough molecules have kinetic energy equal to or greater than this barrier, which usually requires sufficiently high temperature. The term "activation energy" was introduced in 1889 by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius.
Farr, Sutherland
Farr (Scottish Gaelic: Fàrr) is a parish in the county of Sutherland in the Scottish council area of Highland. The parish also includes a small hamlet named Farr. The village of Bettyhill lies less than 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) to the west of the hamlet along the A836 road.

Civil parishes in Scotland
Civil parishes are small divisions used for statistical purposes and formerly for local government in Scotland.

Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law. Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as the smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils.
Erfurt Women Artists' Group
The Erfurt Women Artists' Group (Erfurter Künstlerinnengruppe) was founded in 1983 by Gabriele Stötzer. It was a group of women artists in Erfurt, East Germany. They met weekly in various houses around Erfurt. They created films and fashion as well as ceramics, photographs and paintings. The group staged performances, fashion shows, and concerts.

The group changed its name to Exterra XX in 1989.

Examples of their work were included in the 2019 exhibit The Medea Insurrection: Radical Women Artists Behind the Iron Curtain at Wende Museum in Culver City, California.

Wende Museum
The Wende is an art museum, archive, and cultural center in Culver City, California. It focuses on the history and material culture of dissident movements, civil society, and human rights advocacy in the late 20th century. Founded in 2002, the museum preserves and provides public access to cultural materials documenting nonconformist networks and resistance movements, including Solidarity in Poland and Jewish life and activism in the Soviet Union.  Its exhibitions and public programs address connections between history, art, wellness, and community engagement.
Bivins
Bivins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlie Bivins (1938–1994), American football player

Jimmy Bivins (1919–2012), American boxer

Lee Bivins (1862–1929), American rancher, oilman, and politician

Michael Bivins (born 1968), musician, New Edition and Bell Biv DeVoe

Teel Bivins (1947–2009), American politician and diplomat from Texas

Terry Bivins (born 1943), American NASCAR  driver

Tim Bivins (born 1952), American politician from Illinois

Charlie Bivins
Charles Louis Bivins (October 16, 1938 – March 11, 1994) was an American professional football running back who played for the National Football League (NFL)'s Chicago Bears and Pittsburgh Steelers and the American Football League (AFL)'s Buffalo Bills. Bivins played college football at Morris Brown College.
Ku Abdul Rahman Ku Ismail
Ku Abd Rahman bin Ku Ismail is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kubang Pasu since November 2022. He served as Member of the Kedah State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor from May 2020 to August 2023 and in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Menteris Besar Mukhriz Mahathir and Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah from May 2013 to the collapse of the BN state administration in May 2018 as well as Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Guar Chempedak from March 2008 to August 2023. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Menteri Besar of Kedah
The Menteri Besar of Kedah or the First Minister of Kedah is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Kedah. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly.
2014 Ligi Ndogo S.C. season
The 2014 season is Ligi Ndogo Sports Club's first year in the Kenyan National Super League and their fourth consecutive season in the second tier of the Kenyan football league system.

The Planets have gone through the lower tiers of the Kenyan football league system and are now one division below the Premier League. The team started in the Nationwide League's Second Division in 2006 before gaining promotion to the First Division in 2007, where they remained until 2013 (the league has since been changed to FKF Division One). During that season, the team finished the season in fourth place, gaining promotion to the newly formed National Super League.

2014 FKF President's Cup
The 2014 FKF President's Cup (known as the GOtv Shield for sponsorship reasons) was the 43rd season of Kenya's top domestic cup competition. It began on 26 April and ended on 15 November, with the domestic broadcasting rights for the competition held by SuperSport. Participating teams were required to pay a registration fee of KSh.30,000/= each to enter the tournament. The competition's defending champions were A.F.C. Leopards, who beat their Nairobi derby rivals Gor Mahia 1–0 in the previous final. Both teams were given byes to the third round, having reached the final the previous year.

Sofapaka, the winners of the competition, received KSh.2 million/= in prize money and represented Kenya in the preliminary round of the 2015 CAF Confederation Cup.
Structure of the British Army in 1939
In September 1939, the British Army was in process of expanding their anti-aircraft and mobile (including armoured) assets. Among these new changes was the formation of Anti-Aircraft Command which was formed on 1 April 1939, and the 1st Armoured Division formed in 1937. The list below will include the British Army units, colonial units, and those units which were in the process of formation.

The list includes units which were in the process of formation, cadre sized, or had no units attached.  Also included are Territorial Army (TA) and Supplementary Reserve (SR) units.

Corps of Signals (India)
The Corps of Signals is a corps and a combat support arm of the Indian Army, which handles its military communications. It was formed on 15 February 1911 as a separate entity under Lieutenant Colonel S H Powell and went on to make important contributions to World War I and World War II. The corps celebrated its 100th anniversary of raising on 15 February 2010.
Mōtītī Island
Mōtītī Island is an island in the Bay of Plenty, off the coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north-east of Papamoa Beach on the mainland and 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of Tauranga. There were 18 homes occupied by 27 people on the island in the 2006 census.

New Zealand census
The New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings (Māori: Te Tatauranga o ngā Tāngata Huri Noa i Aotearoa me ō rātou Whare Noho) is a national population and housing census conducted by Statistics New Zealand, a government department, every five years. There have been 34 censuses since 1851. In addition to providing detailed information about national demographics, the results of the census play an important part in the calculation of resource allocation to local service providers.

The 2023 census held on 7 March 2023 was the most recent, with the results being released from 29 May 2024 to August 2025.
M Hamid
M Hamid (Bengali: এম হামিদ) is a Bangladeshi dramatist and theatre personality. He served as the director general of Bangladesh Television from March 2012 until April 2014. He is a former chief executive officer of RTV, a Bangladeshi satellite television channel. He served as the founding president of the theatrical group Natyachakra.

Hamid was awarded 2018 Shilpakala Padak in dramatics by the government of Bangladesh.

Shilpakala Padak
Shilpakala Padak is an award instituted by Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy (BSA) to recognize ten established artists for their contributions to the fields of Bangladeshi arts, theater, music, dance, instrumental music, folk music and film and others. The academy is the principal state-sponsored national cultural center of Bangladesh as a statutory organization under the Ministry of Cultural Affairs.  The award is presented annually by the President of Bangladesh at National Theatre Hall Auditorium of Shilpakala Academy. First awarded in 2013, the Shilpakala Padak award includes ৳100,000, a certificate and an uttorio.
Drey Ricks
Andre "Drey" Ricks (born September 12, 1986) is a former NCAA Division I basketball player for Western Michigan University and the founder of Rawimpact clothing brand & Rawimpact Basketball Training Academy.

Western Michigan Broncos men's basketball
The Western Michigan Broncos men's basketball team represents Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The school's team competes in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) and are coached by Dwayne Stephens. The team last played in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 2014.
Tom J. Shea
Tom J. Shea (born July 14, 1950) was an American businessman and politician.

Shea was born in Owatonna, Minnesota and graduated from Marian Catholic High School in Owatonna. He went to the University of Minnesota and Mankato State University. He lived in Owatonna, Minnesota with his wife and family and worked for the Shea Company, Inc. as vice-present and general manager. Shea served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1981 to 1984 and was a Democrat. He then served on the Steele County Commission from 1991 to 2010 and then served as Steele County administrator in 2011. Shea was also involved with the Steele County Agricultural Society, which operates the Steele County Free Fair.

His great-great uncle Richard Fitzgerald also served in the Minnesota Legislature.

Steele County Free Fair
The Steele County Free Fair is an annual week-long summer county fair held in Owatonna, Minnesota, United States, the county seat of Steele County. It is the largest free county fair in Minnesota, displaying over 2,000 animals each year and hosting over 450 vendors who sell food, commercial goods and services, and arts and crafts.
Wang Shujin
Wang Shujin (王樹金, 1904–1981), also known as Wang Heng Sun, was a Chinese martial artist, practitioner of the disciplines of baguazhang, taijiquan, and xingyiquan. He was one of their greatest promoters outside China, being their first teacher in Taiwan and Japan, and was particularly known for his challenges to other martial artists. Aside from his martial exploits, Wang was also a spiritual leader in the Taoist sect Yiguandao.

Baguazhang
Baguazhang (Chinese: 八卦掌; pinyin: bā guà zhǎng; Wade–Giles: pa-kua chang) is one of the three main Chinese martial arts of the Wudang school, the other two being tai chi and xingyiquan. It is more broadly grouped as an internal practice (or neijia). Baguazhang literally means "eight trigram palm", referring to the bagua "trigrams" of the Yijing, one of the canons of Daoism.
Thrixspermum congestum
Thrixspermum congestum, commonly known as the cupped hairseed, is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid that forms small clumps with many thin roots, up to fifteen leathery leaves and many star-shaped white or cream-coloured flowers. This orchid occurs from Papuasia to northern Australia.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
John M. Nielson
John M. Nielson (born June 30, 1943, in Waterville, Vermont) was a retired American ordained minister in the Church of the Nazarene, who served as the third president of Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary in Manila, the Philippines from 1989 until 2001, as well as 15 years in pastoral ministry in the US, Germany, and Denmark. As an educator, Nielson has taught in Nazarene universities, colleges and seminaries in the US, the Philippines, Australia, and Samoa, including serving as associate professor of religion at Mount Vernon Nazarene University for 11 years. Previously, Nielson served as a global missionary for the Church of the Nazarene for 17 years. Nielson has written 3 books, a children's musical, and a had several poems and songs published.

Salisbury, Maryland
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bə-ree) is a city in and the county seat of Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. Salisbury is the largest city in the state's Eastern Shore region, with a population of 33,050 at the 2020 census. Salisbury is the principal city of the Salisbury, Maryland Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is a commercial hub of the Delmarva Peninsula.
Harrison Warwick Craver
Harrison Warwick Craver (August 10, 1875 – July 26, 1951) was an American librarian and educator.  Craver was a chemist and metallurgist. He graduated from the Rose Polytechnic Institute in 1895 with a specialization in industrial chemistry. He joined the staff of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh in 1900 to organize the Technology Department. In 1908, Craver was elected the librarian of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh where he served until 1917 when he was appointed director of the United Engineering Societies of New York and the combined libraries of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Craver served as president of the American Library Association from 1937 to 1938.

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Omphalotus
Omphalotus is a genus of basidiomycete mushroom, in the family  Omphalotaceae, formally circumscribed by Victor Fayod in 1889. Members have the traditional cap and stem structure. They are saprobic, and fruit in clumps on the ground, adjacent to host trees. The best known and type species is the jack-o'-lantern mushroom (Omphalotus olearius).  Species of Omphalotus have been mistaken for chanterelles. All Omphalotus species are presumed poisonous, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Some Omphalotus species have bioluminescent properties.

Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants.  Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are polymers made by the cross-linking of phenolic precursors.
Avelle Ntondele
Avelle Ntondele (born 30 August 1998) is a Congolese handball player for Étoile du Congo and the Congolese national team.

She represented Congo at the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship in Spain.

Congo women's national handball team
The Congo women's national handball team is the national team of Republic of the Congo (from 1970 to 1991 the People's Republic of the Congo). It takes part in international handball competitions.

The team participated at the 1980 Summer Olympics, where they placed sixth.

They participated at the World Women's Handball Championship in 1982, 1999, 2001, 2007 and 2009.
Don't Drink the Water (play)
Don't Drink the Water is a play written by Woody Allen that premiered on Broadway in 1966. The farce takes place inside an American Embassy behind the Iron Curtain. Although Allen contributed material for the 1960 Broadway musical revue From A to Z, this was his first professionally produced play.  The play was described as being "near the hit line", "one big overfed American folk joke" and "a very funny situation comedy" by critic Otis L. Guernsey.

Kay Medford
Margaret Kathleen Regan (September 14, 1916 – April 10, 1980), better known as Kay Medford, was an American actress and singer. For her performance as Rose Brice in the musical Funny Girl and the film adaptation of the same name, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress respectively.
1992 Monte Carlo Open
The 1992 Monte Carlo Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 86th edition of the Monte Carlo Open, and was part of the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week of the 1992 ATP Tour. It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, near Monte Carlo, Monaco, from 20 April through 26 April 1992. Unseeded Thomas Muster won the singles title.

Monte Carlo Country Club
Monte Carlo Country Club (MCCC) is a tennis club in the commune of Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. It is the home of the ATP Tour's Monte Carlo Masters tournament. It is also the base of the Monte Carlo Tennis Academy.

Despite the club's name, it is not located in Monte Carlo or even in Monaco, but just 150 meters outside Monaco's northeastern border.
Light It Up (soundtrack)
Music From and Inspired by Light It Up the Movie is the original soundtrack album to Craig Bolotin's 1999 drama film Light It Up. It was released on November 9, 1999 through Yab Yum/Elektra Records and consisted mainly of hip hop and R&B music. Executively produced by Michael McQuarn and Tracey Edmonds, the album features contributions from 112, Amil, AZ, Beanie Sigel, Beverly Crowder, Blaze Da Tyrant, DMX, Fredro Starr, Ja Rule, Jon B., Master P, *NSYNC, Outkast, Shya, Slimm Calhoun and Solé. The soundtrack was a huge success, peaking at #19 on the Billboard 200 and #4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and featured one charting single, "How Many Wanna". On December 6, 1999, the soundtrack was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Light It Up (film)
Light It Up is a 1999 film starring an ensemble cast that consists of R&B singer/actor Usher Raymond (in his first leading role), Forest Whitaker, Rosario Dawson, and Vanessa L. Williams. The film was written and directed by Craig Bolotin, and produced by Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and his wife Tracy Edmonds.

The film follows five teenage high school seniors and one sophomore, who hold a wounded police officer hostage and barricade themselves inside the school.
Giles C. Stedman
Giles Chester Stedman (1897–1961), Rear Admiral (United States) and a recipient of the Navy Cross, was the 2nd Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York. The son of an Ireland born stonecutter, who worked in Quincy, Massachusetts' granite quarries, Stedman enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1917 at the age of 20. He was assigned to the USCGC Ossipee (WPR-50). At outbreak of WWI, the ship and its crew were transferred to the US Navy and saw overseas action. Stedman was awarded the World War I Victory Medal for his service. In 1919, he was commissioned an ensign in the United States Naval Reserve. Stedman, thereafter, entered the merchant marine, licensed as a ship's Third mate or 3rd officer.

Quincy Quarries Reservation
The Quincy Quarries is a 22-acre (8.9 ha) public recreation area in Quincy, Massachusetts, commemorating the site of the Granite Railway—often credited as being the first railroad in the United States. The former quarries produced granite for over a century, leaving problematic excavations that ultimately were taken over and filled in to protect public safety.  The reservation is owned and operated by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.
Kęstutis Glaveckas
Kęstutis Glaveckas (30 April 1949 – 30 April 2021) was a Lithuanian politician.

Glaveckas was born and died in Vilnius. In 1990, he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.

Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania or Act of 11 March (Lithuanian: Aktas dėl Lietuvos nepriklausomos valstybės atstatymo) was an independence declaration by Lithuania adopted on 11 March 1990, signed by all members of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania led by Sąjūdis. The act emphasized restoration and legal continuity of the interwar-period Lithuania, which was occupied by the Soviet Union and annexed in June 1940. In March 1990, it was the first of the 15 Soviet republics to declare independence, with the rest following to continue for 21 months, concluding with Kazakhstan's independence in 1991. These events (part of the broader process dubbed the "parade of sovereignties") led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.
Huang Mei-chien
Huang Mei-chien (born 13 June 1998) is a Taiwanese swimmer.

In 2014, she competed in the women's 50 metre butterfly at the 2014 Asian Games held in Incheon, South Korea. Four years later, in 2018, she competed in the women's 50 metre butterfly and women's 100 metre butterfly events at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia. She also competed in the mixed 4 × 100 metre medley relay event.

In 2017, she competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2017 Summer Universiade held in Taipei, Taiwan.

In 2019, she represented Chinese Taipei at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 50 metre butterfly event. She also competed in the 4 × 100 metre mixed freestyle relay and 4 × 100 metre mixed medley relay events.

She also competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.