hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protopine 6-monooxygenase
Protopine 6-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.98) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are protopine, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and oxygen. ts initial benzylisoquinoline alkaloid product is 6-hydroxyprotopine but this spontaneously forms dihydrosanguinarine. NADP+ and water are the by-products.

The systematic name of this enzyme class is protopine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating). It is also called protopine 6-hydroxylase.

Benzylisoquinoline
Substitution of the heterocycle isoquinoline at the C1 position by a benzyl group provides 1‑benzylisoquinoline, the most widely examined of the numerous benzylisoquinoline structural isomers. The 1-benzylisoquinoline moiety can be identified within numerous compounds of pharmaceutical interest, such as moxaverine; but most notably it is found within the structures of a wide variety of plant natural products, collectively referred to as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This class is exemplified in part by the following compounds: papaverine, noscapine, codeine, morphine, apomorphine, berberine, tubocurarine.
Transpositions matrix
Transpositions matrix (Tr matrix) is square  matrix, , , which elements are obtained from the elements of given n-dimensional vector  as follows: , where  denotes operation "bitwise Exclusive or" (XOR). The rows and columns of Transpositions matrix consists permutation of elements of vector X, as there are n/2 transpositions between every two rows or columns of the matrix

Exclusive or
Exclusive or, exclusive disjunction, exclusive alternation, logical non-equivalence, or logical inequality is a logical operator whose negation is the logical biconditional. With two inputs, XOR is true if and only if the inputs differ (one is true, one is false). With multiple inputs, XOR is true if and only if the number of true inputs is odd.

It gains the name "exclusive or" because the meaning of "or" is ambiguous when both operands are true. XOR excludes that case. Some informal ways of describing XOR are "one or the other but not both", "either one or the other", and "A or B, but not A and B".

It is symbolized by the prefix operator : 16  and by the infix operators XOR (/ˌɛks ˈɔːr/, /ˌɛks ˈɔː/, /ˈksɔːr/ or /ˈksɔː/), EOR, EXOR, , , , ⩛, , , and .
Peter Talleri
Major General Peter John Talleri retired in September, 2013, after serving 34 years in the United States Marine Corps.  At retirement, Maj. Gen. Talleri was the U. S. Marine Corps senior logistics professional in the Pacific.

In 2008, Maj. Gen. Talleri was awarded the Distinguished Achievement award at Clarion University of Pennsylvania.  Other recipients include Kurt Angle (Professional Wrestler), John Calipari (Basketball Coach), Pete Vuckovich (MLB) and Reggie Wells Jr (NFL).

In 2013, Maj. Gen. Talleri was a recipient of the National Safety Council's “CEOs Who Get It” award along with David Seaton, Chairman and CEO of Fluor.

In 2022, Maj. Gen. Talleri received the Butler, PA “Hometown Football Hero Award.”  Other receipts include NFL players Terry Hanratty and brothers Rich and Ron Saul.  His hometown of Butler also honored him with “Major General Peter Talleri” day on Aug 25, 2022.

National Safety Council
The National Safety Council (NSC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit,  public service organization  promoting health and safety in the United States. Headquartered in Itasca, Illinois, NSC is a member organization, founded in 1913 and granted a congressional charter in 1953. Members include more than 55,000 businesses, labor organizations, schools, public agencies, private groups and individuals.

The group focuses on areas where the greatest number of preventable injuries and deaths occur, including workplace safety, prescription medication abuse, teen driving, cell phone use while driving and safety in homes and communities.
Trident (software)
Trident (also known as MSHTML) is a proprietary browser engine for the Microsoft Windows version of Internet Explorer, developed by Microsoft.

MSHTML debuted with the release of Internet Explorer 4 in 1997. For versions 7 and 8 of Internet Explorer, Microsoft made significant changes to MSHTML's layout capabilities to improve compliance with Web standards and add support for new technologies.

MSHTML will continue to receive security updates for the IE mode of Microsoft Edge until at least 2029. However, support for new Web standards will not be added.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
2020 in North Africa
The following lists events that happened during  2020 in North Africa. The countries listed are those described in the United Nations geoscheme for Africa:  Algeria,  Egypt,  Libya,  Morocco,  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic,  Sudan,  Tunisia, and  Western Sahara

USS Cole bombing
The USS Cole bombing was a suicide attack by al-Qaeda against USS Cole, a guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy, on 12 October 2000, while it was being refueled in Yemen's Aden harbor.

Seventeen U.S. Navy sailors were killed and thirty-seven injured in the deadliest attack against a United States naval vessel since the USS Stark incident in 1987.

Al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attack. A U.S. judge has held Sudan liable for the attack, while another has released over $13 million in Sudanese frozen assets to the relatives of those killed. The U.S. Navy reconsidered its rules of engagement in response to this attack. On 30 October 2020, Sudan and the United States signed a bilateral claims agreement to compensate families of the sailors who died in the bombing. The agreement entered into force in February 2021.
İbrahim Bedrettin Elmalılı
İbrahim Bedrettin Elmalılı (1903 – 5 December 1994), also known as İbrahim Elmalı Hoca, was a Turkish Islamic scholar, civil servant, and politician who served as the 6th president of the Presidency of Religious Affairs from 1965 to 1966. He also served a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for two consecutive terms from 1969 to 1977.

In 1965, Elmalı was invited by the then president of Tunisia Habib Bourguiba to travel from Tunisia to Benghazi with plans to continue to Turkey. However, this prompted the decision to send a formal communication to the Libyan embassy, requesting that, if necessary, he should be detained and sent back to Turkey. Upon his return, pressure mounted for his resignation, and he was asked to step down from his position. Despite resisting these efforts, two months later, Elmalı became the first president of the Presidency of Religious Affairs to be dismissed by a decision of the Council of Ministers.

Resignation
Resignation  is the formal act of relinquishing or vacating one's office or position. A resignation can occur when a person holding a position gained by election or appointment steps down, but leaving a position upon the expiration of a term, or choosing not to seek an additional term, is not considered resignation.

When an employee chooses to leave a position, it is considered a resignation, as opposed to involuntary termination.  Whether an employee resigned or was terminated is sometimes a topic of dispute, because in many situations, a terminated employee is eligible for severance pay and/or unemployment benefits, whereas one who voluntarily resigns may not be eligible. Abdication is the equivalent of resignation for a reigning monarch, pope, or holder of another similar position.
Lutcher High School
Lutcher High School, established in 1907, is located in Lutcher, Louisiana, United States. Lutcher High School currently serves as the only source of secondary education on the east bank of St. James Parish.

St. James Parish, Louisiana
St. James Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Jacques) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Convent. The parish was created in 1807. St. James Parish is a part of the New Orleans–Metairie, Louisiana metropolitan statistical area, sitting between New Orleans and Baton Rouge on the Mississippi River. According to the 2020 United States census, the population was 20,192.
Fissure vent
A fissure vent, also known as a volcanic fissure, eruption fissure or simply a fissure, is a linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is often a few metres wide and may be many kilometres long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts which run first in lava channels and later in lava tubes. After some time, the eruption tends to become focused at one or more spatter cones. Volcanic cones and their craters that are aligned along a fissure form a crater row. Small fissure vents may not be easily discernible from the air, but the crater rows (see Laki) or the canyons (see Eldgjá) built up by some of them are.

The dikes that feed fissures reach the surface from depths of a few kilometers and connect them to deeper magma reservoirs, often under volcanic centers. Fissures are usually found in or along rifts and rift zones, such as Iceland and the East African Rift. Fissure vents are often part of the structure of shield volcanoes.

Flood basalt
A flood basalt (or plateau basalt) is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Many flood basalts have been attributed to the onset of a hotspot reaching the surface of the Earth via a mantle plume. Flood basalt provinces such as the Deccan Traps of India are often called traps, after the Swedish word trappa (meaning "staircase"), due to the characteristic stairstep geomorphology of many associated landscapes.

Michael R. Rampino and Richard Stothers (1988) cited eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurring in the past 250 million years, creating large igneous provinces, lava plateaus, and mountain ranges. However, more have been recognized such as the large Ontong Java Plateau, and the Chilcotin Group, though the latter may be linked to the Columbia River Basalt Group.

Large igneous provinces have been connected to five mass extinction events, and may be associated with bolide impacts.
Puducherry–Kanniyakumari Weekly Express
The Puducherry–Kanniyakumari Weekly Express is an Express train belonging to Southern Railway zone that runs between Puducherry and Kanniyakumari in India. It is currently being operated with 16861/16862 train numbers on a weekly basis. It is the first express train that ran on the gauge converted route of Manamadurai–Virudhunagar line. Later Silambu Express extended from Karaikudi Junction via this route till Sengottai.

Sengottai railway station
Sengottai railway station (station code: SCT) is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves Sengottai, located in Tenkasi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies on Kollam–Sengottai branch line and Virudunagar–Sengottai line. The Kollam–Shencottah railway line is the first railway line in erstwhile Travancore state and is more than a century old. The Kollam–Sengottai section is part of the Kollam–Chennai metre-gauge rail route commissioned by the British during 1904. The line, originally metre gauge, has been completely converted into broad gauge.
Wonderland of the Americas
Wonderland of the Americas, formerly known as Crossroads Mall, is a 565,718-square-foot regional shopping mall located in Balcones Heights, Texas, a suburb of San Antonio. The mall is currently anchored by Super Target, Burlington Coat Factory, Hobby Lobby, Ross, WSS, and Five Below. Excluding the six anchors, there are 45 tenants in the mall, including shops, restaurants, and offices.

Ross Stores
Ross Stores, Inc., operating under the brand name Ross Dress for Less, is an American chain of discount department stores headquartered in Dublin, California. It is the largest off-price retailer in the U.S.; as of July 2024, Ross operates 1,795 stores in 43 U.S. states, Washington, D.C. Puerto Rico and Guam, covering much of the country, but with no presence in New England and Alaska. The company also operates DD's Discounts, a discount department store chain with over 353 locations across the United States, most of which are located in Sun Belt states.
Selton Miguel
Selton Ricardo Fernandes Miguel Jr. (born 24 October 2000) is an Angolan basketball player for Nevėžis Kėdainiai of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL). He played college basketball for the Kansas State Wildcats, South Florida Bulls, and Maryland Terrapins. Internationally, he represents the Angola national team, winning gold at FIBA AfroBasket 2025.

Barclays Center Classic
The Barclays Center Classic is an annual early season college basketball tournament that was inaugurated in 2012. Each of the eight schools plays four games, with the bracketed portion of the tournament concluding at the tournament's namesake Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York.
Shoku Nihongi
The Shoku Nihongi (続日本紀) is an imperially-commissioned Japanese history text. Completed in 797, it is the second of the Six National Histories, coming directly after the Nihon Shoki and followed by Nihon Kōki. Fujiwara no Tsugutada and Sugano no Mamichi served as the primary editors. It is one of the most important primary historical sources for information about Japan's Nara period.

The work covers the 95-year period from the beginning of Emperor Monmu's reign in 697 until the 10th year of Emperor Kanmu's reign in 791, spanning nine imperial reigns. It was completed in 797 AD.

The text is forty volumes in length. It is primarily written in kanbun, a Japanese form of Classical Chinese, as was normal for formal Japanese texts at the time. However, a number of senmyō (宣命) or "imperial edicts" contained within the text are written in a script known as "senmyō-gaki", which preserves particles and verb endings phonographically.

Iwanami Shoten
Iwanami Shoten, Publishers (株式会社岩波書店, Kabushiki Gaisha Iwanami Shoten) is a Japanese publishing company based in Tokyo.

Iwanami Shoten was founded in 1913 by Iwanami Shigeo. Its first major publication was Natsume Sōseki's novel Kokoro, which appeared as a book in 1914 after being serialized in the Asahi Shimbun. Iwanami has since become known for scholarly publications, editions of classical Japanese literature, dictionaries, and high-quality paperbacks. Since 1955, it has published the Kōjien, a single-volume dictionary of Japanese that is widely considered to be authoritative.

Iwanami's head office is at Hitotsubashi 2–5–5, Chiyoda, Tokyo.
Edamame
Edamame (枝豆; /ˌɛdəˈmɑːmeɪ/) is an East Asian dish prepared with immature soybeans in their pods, which are boiled or steamed, and may be served with salt or other condiments. It is consumed in many world regions. Edamame is a common side dish in Chinese cuisine, Japanese cuisine and as an appetizer to alcoholic beverages, such as beer or shōchū. As an ingredient, edamame is used in both sweet and savory dishes, such as takikomi gohan, tempura, and zunda-mochi.

When the beans are outside the pod, the term mukimame is also sometimes used in Japanese.

Takikomi gohan
Takikomi gohan (炊き込みご飯) is a Japanese rice dish seasoned with dashi and soy sauce and mixed with mushrooms, vegetables, meat, or fish. The ingredients are cooked together with the rice. The dish is consumed by people in Japan around the fall season since many root vegetables and mushrooms are harvested during this season in Japan. Ingredients will vary based on the seasonal vegetables and fish. Since the dish has nutritional value, and uses a small amount of rice with vegetables and proteins, some Japanese people eat it for dieting purposes.
Torra di Mortella
The Tower of Mortella (Corsican: Torra di Mortella) is a ruined Genoese tower on  Corsica, located on the coast near Punta Mortella (Myrtle Point) in the commune of Saint-Florent, Haute-Corse.  It was a progenitor of the numerous Martello towers the British built in the 19th century throughout their empire.

Myrtus
Myrtus (commonly called   myrtle) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. It was first described by Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1753.

Over 600 names have been proposed in the genus, but nearly all have either been moved to other genera or been regarded as synonyms. Two species are currently accepted:

Myrtus communis L. – Common myrtle; native to the Mediterranean region in southern Europe

Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab. – Saharan myrtle; native to the Saharan mountains of northern Africa
NewsNation Prime
NewsNation Prime is an American television news program on NewsNation, which premiered nationally on September 1, 2020. Broadcast live from Chicago, the program uses the journalistic resources of the 110 television news operations throughout the United States that are operated under the network's corporate parent Nexstar Media Group. The program is designed as an alternative to the opinion-based programs on CNN, MSNBC and Fox News Channel, the top-rated cable news networks in the country in the early 2020s.

NewsNation Prime airs Saturdays and Sundays from 7 to 10 p.m. ET. (The program offers a same-night rebroadcast from 10 p.m. to 1 a.m. ET in order to align the program with the prime time period in the Pacific Time Zone.) The program combines reporting from its national correspondents and repackaged content from local Nexstar stations.

The program had an hour-long late-evening edition entitled NewsNation Tonight, which aired every weeknight from 11 p.m. to midnight ET.

Bill Shine
William Shine (born July 4, 1963) is a former White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications in the first administration of U.S. President Donald Trump. He spent most of his career as a producer and executive at Fox News. Most recently, he was co-president of Fox News, a position he held for 9 months before he was forced out on May 1, 2017. On March 8, 2019, the White House announced that Shine was resigning to advise President Trump's 2020 presidential campaign.
Rizk
Rizk is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amina Rizk (Arabic: أمينة رزق) (1910–2003), classic Egyptian actress

Assad Rizk (1931–2020) (Arabic: أسعد رزق), (born 1931), Lebanese physician and politician

Charles Rizk (Arabic: شارل رزق), (born 1935), Lebanese Maronite politician

Dylan Rizk, American football player

Elias Rizk (Arabic: الياس رزق), Lebanese actor

Georgina Rizk (Arabic: جورجينا رزق), (born 1953), Lebanon's first and so far only Miss Universe

Milad Rizk (Arabic: ميلاد رزق), (born 1972), Lebanese actor

Sandra Rizk (Arabic: ساندرا رزق), (born 1982),  Miss Lebanon 2000

Assad Rizk
Assad Rizk (1931–2020) was a Lebanese physician and politician. He taught at the Saint Joseph University for thirty years and also, held various cabinet portfolios. He was the founder of the Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital.
National Centre for Knowledge on Men's Violence against Women
The National Centre for Knowledge on Men's Violence against Women (Swedish: Nationellt centrum för kvinnofrid, abbreviated NCK) is a Swedish knowledge and resource centre at Uppsala University, founded in 2006. NCK is working on behalf of the Government of Sweden to raise awareness at the national level of men's violence against women, and develops new methods for the treatment of abused women. NCK has a mandate to research, educate, compile and spread information. In 2008, its operations expanded to include violence and oppression in the name of honour, and violence in same-sex relationships.

Government of Sweden
The government of the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sveriges regering) is the national cabinet of Sweden, and the country's executive authority.

The government consists of the prime minister and their cabinet ministers (Swedish: statsråd). The government is responsible for its actions to the Riksdag.

The prime minister is nominated by the Speaker of the Riksdag, and is elected and discharged by vote of the Riksdag. The cabinet ministers are appointed and dismissed at the discretion of the prime minister. The Speaker shall discharge cabinet ministers that have lost a vote of confidence in the Riksdag.

The short-form name regeringen ("the government") is used both in the Basic Laws of Sweden and in the vernacular, while the long-form is only used in international treaties.
Finsler manifold
In mathematics, particularly differential geometry, a Finsler manifold is a differentiable manifold M where a (possibly asymmetric) Minkowski norm F(x, −) is provided on each tangent space TxM, that enables one to define the length of any smooth curve γ : [a, b] → M as

Finsler manifolds are more general than Riemannian manifolds since the tangent norms need not be induced by inner products. Despite their generality, many concepts in Riemannian geometry still exist, including length, geodesics, curvature, connections, covariant derivative, and Cartan structural equations, except that they are lifted from the manifold to the tangent bundle. However, normal coordinates do not.

Every Finsler manifold becomes an intrinsic quasimetric space when the distance between two points is defined as the infimum length of the curves that join them.

Élie Cartan (1933) named Finsler manifolds after Paul Finsler, who studied this geometry in his dissertation (Finsler 1918).

Smoothness
In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives it has over its domain.

A function of class  is a function of smoothness at least k;  that is, a function of class  is a function that has a kth derivative that is continuous in its domain.

A function of class  or -function (pronounced C-infinity function) is an infinitely   differentiable function, that is, a function that has derivatives of all orders (this implies that all these derivatives are continuous).

Generally, the term smooth function refers to a -function. However, it may also mean "sufficiently differentiable" for the problem under consideration.
Acidosis
Acidosis is a biological process producing hydrogen ions and increasing their concentration in blood or body fluids. pH is the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration and so it is decreased by a process of acidosis.

Biological process
Biological processes are those processes that are necessary for an organism to live and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment. Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms.
Bridgeman baronets of Ridley (1673)
The Bridgeman baronetcy, of Ridley in the County of Chester, was created on 12 November 1673 for Orlando Bridgeman, Member of Parliament for Horsham and younger son of the 1st Baronet, of the Great Lever creation. He was succeeded by his son, the 2nd Baronet. The latter was Member of Parliament for Calne, Lostwithiel, Blechingley and Dunwich.

Horsham (UK Parliament constituency)
Horsham (/ˈhɔːrʃəm/) is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament, centred on the eponymous town in West Sussex. The seat was won in 2024 by John Milne of the Liberal Democrats, making it the first time since 1876 that a non-Conservative Party candidate has held the seat.