hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
District Courts of Nepal
District courts (Nepali: जिल्ला अदालत) in Nepal are the third layer of court after Supreme Court and High Courts. Each district in Nepal has a district court, thus seventy-seven District courts exist in Nepal. The District court has the power to hear the appeal case of the Local level judicial bodies established in each local body. The Local level judicial committee is subordinate to the District Court. The District court is the general trial court of criminal and civil cases with both government party and private party cases.

Article 148, 149, 150 and 151 of Constitution of Nepal, 2015 defines District Courts, appointment, qualification, terms and remuneration of chief justices.

Constitution of Nepal
The Constitution of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको संविधान) is the present governing Constitution of Nepal.
Nepal is governed according to the Constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007. The constitution of Nepal is divided into 35 parts, 308 Articles and 9 Schedules.

The Constitution was drafted by the Second Constituent Assembly following the failure of the First Constituent Assembly to produce a constitution in its mandated period after the earthquake in April 2015.  The constitution was endorsed by 90% of the total legislators. Out of 598 Constituent Assembly members, 538 voted in favour of the constitution while 60 people voted against it, including a few Terai-based political parties which refrained from the voting process.

Its institutions were put in place in 2010 and 2018 through a series of direct and indirect elections in all governing levels.
Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary
The Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in Aru Valley, Pahalgam near Anantnag city in Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It lies 46 km from Anantnag city, the district headquarter. It is on the periphery of the two villages of Overa and Aru. The sanctuary spreads over 511 square kilometres (197 mi2), lies 76 kilometres (47 mi) east of Srinagar. It was declared a game reserve in 1945 under the Dogra Rule and later upgraded to a sanctuary in 1981.

Pahalgam
Pahalgam (Urdu pronunciation: [pɛɦɛlɡɑːm]) or Pahalgom (Kashmiri pronunciation: [pəhəlʲɡoːm]) is a town in Anantnag district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is located on the banks of Lidder River at an altitude of 2,200 m (7,200 ft) in the Vale of Kashmir. Pahalgam is the headquarters of the Pahalgam tehsil, one of the eleven tehsils in Anantnag district.

Located about 45 km (28 mi) from Anantnag, the town is a popular tourist destination and hill station. The town is the starting point of the annual pilgrimage to the Amarnath Temple, which takes place in July–August.
History of Duke University
The history of Duke University began when Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school in Randolph County, North Carolina (in the present-day town of Trinity), was founded in 1838. The school was renamed to Union Institute Academy in 1841, Normal College in 1851, and to Trinity College in 1859. Finally moving to Durham in 1892, the school grew rapidly, primarily due to the generosity of Washington Duke and Julian S. Carr, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco industry. In 1924, Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke, established The Duke Endowment, a $40 million (about $430 million in 2005 dollars) trust fund, some of which was to go to Trinity College. The president thus renamed the school Duke University, as a memorial to Washington Duke and his family.

Randolph County, North Carolina
Randolph County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 144,171. Its county seat is Asheboro.

Randolph County is included in the Greensboro-High Point, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.

In 2020, the center of population of North Carolina was located in Randolph County, east of Seagrove.
Gynaephora selenitica
Gynaephora selenitica is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1789. It is found from central Europe through eastern Europe to the Urals and Ob' River in West Siberia. It is not found in western and southern Europe and Scandinavia.

The wingspan is 20–25 mm for males and 30–35 mm for females. Adults are on wing from May to June.

The larvae are polyphagous and feed mainly on Fabaceae species (including Lotus, Coronilla, Hippocrepis and Onobrychis), as well as various shrubs (Prunus spinosa, Salix, Vaccinium, Calluna and Rosa) and other plants (Asteraceae, Rosaceae including Potentilla). Larvae can be found from July to April. The species overwinters in the larval stage.

Caterpillar

Female

Male

Onobrychis
Onobrychis, the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). About 206 species are presently accepted. The Flora Europaea lists 23 species of Onobrychis; the main centre of diversity extends from Central Asia to Iran, with 56 species – 27 of which are endemic – in the latter country alone. O. viciifolia is naturalized throughout many countries in Europe and North America grasslands on calcareous soils.
Boris Pelekh
Boris Fridrikhovich Pelekh (born November 17, 1981) is a Russian-born American singer, composer, guitarist, most notable as the guitarist of the Gypsy punk band Gogol Bordello. He moved to New York City in 1991, at the age of 9, and joined Gogol Bordello in 2015. Aside from his work in Gogol Bordello, he also worked with the Nickelodeon duo Nat and Alex Wolff from 2008 to 2011.

Pelekh is the frontman, guitarist and primary songwriter of rock band Hey Guy.

Gypsy punk
Gypsy punk is a hybrid musical genre that combines traditional Romani and Eastern European folk music with punk rock, and is considered a subgenre of the wider label of folk punk.  One of the first rock groups to incorporate elements of punk and Roma music was Boiled in Lead, which was founded in 1983 and is still active today. A broader audience became aware of the genre after the band Gogol Bordello released the album Gypsy Punks: Underdog World Strike, with front man Eugene Hütz describing their performance as a "Gypsy Punk Cabaret".

Gypsy punk bands usually combine rock beats and instrumentation with more traditional Roma instrumentation such as drums, tambourine, accordion, fiddle, trumpet and saxophone.
2027 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification Group F
Group F of the 2027 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition consists of six teams: Germany, Georgia, Greece, Northern Ireland, Latvia, and Malta. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 6 February 2025 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

Nyon
Nyon (French pronunciation: [njɔ̃] ⓘ; historically German: Neuis or Neuss and Italian: Nione, [ˈnjoːne]) is a municipality in Nyon District in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located some 25 kilometers north east of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area. It lies on the shores of Lake Geneva and is the seat of Nyon District. The town has (as of December 2020) a population of 21,718 and is famous in the sporting world for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA). It is connected to the rest of Switzerland by way of the Route Suisse, the A1 Motorway and the railways of the Arc Lémanique.
Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro
Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro (born April 17, 1952) is a Brazilian engineer, mathematician and statistician who has made significant contributions to the theory of statistical inference, mainly through asymptotic theory and applied probability.

Asymptotic analysis
In mathematical analysis, asymptotic analysis, also known as asymptotics, is a method of describing limiting behavior.

As an illustration, suppose that we are interested in the properties of a function f (n) as n becomes very large. If f(n) = n2 + 3n, then as n becomes very large, the term 3n becomes insignificant compared to n2. The function f(n) is said to be "asymptotically equivalent to n2, as n → ∞". This is often written symbolically as f (n) ~ n2, which is read as "f(n) is asymptotic to n2."

An example of an important asymptotic result is the prime number theorem. Let π(x) denote the prime-counting function (which is not directly related to the constant pi), i.e. π(x) is the number of prime numbers that are less than or equal to x. Then the theorem states that
2018–19 CSA 4-Day Franchise Series
The 2018–19 CSA 4-Day Franchise Series was a first-class cricket competition that took place in South Africa from 26 September 2018 to 31 January 2019. It was the first edition not to be sponsored by Sunfoil, after they decided not to renew their sponsorship. Lions won the tournament after beating Warriors in the final match of the competition. They won the fixture, with just nine deliveries left in the game, to gain enough bonus points to overtake the Cape Cobras. Titans were the defending champions, but finished in last place with just one win in their ten matches.

Cricket South Africa announced that the competition would be split into two sections, with the first section lasting from September to November and the second section lasting from December and January. This was used to help prepare the national side for the Test series against Pakistan, which was played in December 2018 and January 2019. During this time, the first edition of the Mzansi Super League also took place.

2018 Mzansi Super League
The 2018 Mzansi Super League was the inaugural edition of the Mzansi Super League (MSL) Twenty20 (T20) franchise cricket tournament in South Africa. It started on 16 November and finished on 16 December 2018. Six teams played a total of thirty-two matches. The players' draft took place on 17 October 2018, with more than 200 international players expressing their interest to take part.

On 18 October 2018, it was announced that Global Sports Commerce (GSC) is the official international commercial and broadcast partner from 2018 up to 2022. On 30 October 2018 it was announced that the Mzansi Super League 2018 champions will receive prize money of ZAR7 million and the runners up will receive R2.5 million, the player of the tournament received R100 000, and each player of the match won R15 000.

On 16 December 2018 the Jozi Stars won the first season final.
Saray, Tekirdağ
Saray is a municipality and district of Tekirdağ Province, Turkey. Its area is 620 km2, and its population is 50,766 (2022). Its elevation is 140 m (460 ft). The district has cold wet winters and hot dry summers. The district governor (kaymakam) is Regaip Ahmet Özyiğit, and the mayor is Abdül Taşyasan (CHP).

Saray is situated on the junction of state roads D.020 and D.567. It is neighboured in the north by Vize, in the east by Çatalca, in the south by Kapaklı and in the west by Ergene.

Tekirdağ Province
Tekirdağ Province (Turkish: Tekirdağ ili, pronounced [teˈciɾdaː]) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey. Its area is 6,190 km2, and its population is 1,142,451 (2022). It is located in the East Thrace region of the country, also known as European Turkey, one of only three provinces entirely within continental Europe. Tekirdağ Province is bordered by Istanbul Province to the east, Kırklareli Province to the north, Edirne Province to the west, and the Gallipoli peninsula of Çanakkale Province to the south. Tekirdağ is the capital of the province, and the third largest city in European Turkey after Istanbul and Çorlu.
Christof Paar
Christof Paar (born July 18, 1963, in Cologne) is a German cryptographer. He is one of the founding directors at the Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy in Bochum, Germany, a "Scientific Member" of the Max Planck Society, IEEE Fellow, and a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

Max Planck Society
The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.; MPG) is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institutes. Founded in 1911 as the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, it was renamed to the Max Planck Society in 1948 in honor of its former president, theoretical physicist Max Planck. The society is funded by the federal and state governments of Germany.
Armenia Tree Project
Armenia Tree Project (ATP) is a non-profit organization based in Watertown, Massachusetts, United States, and Yerevan, Armenia, founded in 1994 by Carolyn Mugar to promote Armenia's socioeconomic development through reforestation. Since its founding, the organization has planted more than 8 million trees in communities throughout Armenia.

The organization has a full-time staff of 70 in Armenia. The Yerevan branch manages four state-of-the-art tree nurseries, two environmental education centers, and partners with families to create tree-based small business opportunities. Its major program initiatives include planting trees at urban and rural sites, environmental education and advocacy, community development and poverty reduction.

Birthright Armenia
Birthright Armenia, also known as Depi Hayk (Armenian: Դեպի Հայք), is a volunteer internship enhancement program for diaspora Armenians that also offers travel reimbursements to eligible participants to assist in the development of Armenia.

To volunteer with Birthright Armenia, the applicant has to be of Armenian heritage (at least one grandparent must be fully Armenian), between the ages of 21 and 32 years, and must have graduated from secondary school. The program operates year-round.
Graduate School of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo
Faculty of Science (東京大学理学部) is one of the 10 constituent faculties, and Graduate School of Science (東京大学大学院理学系研究科) is one of the constituent 15 graduate schools at University of Tokyo. The faculty and the graduate school operate as one with the exception of mathematics and computer science. Founded in 1877, Faculty of Science is one of the oldest 4 faculties (Science, Medicine, Law and Letters) of the University of Tokyo.

Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Science have produced 6 Nobel laureates (Esaki, Koshiba, Nanbu, Kajita, Osumi, Manabe) and one Fields Medallist (Kodaira).

Yoshinori Ohsumi
Yoshinori Ohsumi (大隅 良典, Ōsumi Yoshinori; born February 9, 1945) is a Japanese cell biologist specializing in autophagy, the process that cells use to destroy and recycle cellular components.

Ohsumi is a professor at Institute of Science Tokyo's Institute of Innovative Research. He received the Kyoto Prize for Basic Sciences in 2012, the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the 2017 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy.
16th National Television Awards
The 16th National Television Awards ceremony was held at The O2 Arena in London on 26 January 2011 and was hosted by Dermot O'Leary. The National Television Awards are voted by the public and the winners are revealed live on ITV. Ant & Dec won the award for Most Popular Entertainment Presenter for the tenth year in a row, while Bruce Forsyth won the Special Recognition Award. Luis Urzúa, one of the miners who was saved from the 2010 Copiapó mining accident presented the award for Most Popular Drama. The award went to Waterloo Road, which meant Doctor Who failed to win the award for the first time since 2005. The 2010 X Factor winner Matt Cardle performed his number one single "When We Collide". Louie Spence of Pineapple Dance Studios performed a dance routine before presenting the award for Outstanding Serial Drama Performance.

Waterloo Road (TV series)
Waterloo Road is a British television drama series set in a comprehensive school of the same name, first broadcast on BBC One on 9 March 2006, and concluding its original run on 9 March 2015.

In September 2021, the show was recommissioned, with production returning to the Greater Manchester area.
Ligovka-Yamskaya Municipal Okrug
Ligovka-Yamskaya Municipal Okrug (Russian: муниципа́льный о́круг Ли́говка-Ямска́я) is a municipal okrug in Tsentralny District, one of the eighty-one low-level municipal divisions  of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 16,825, up from 14,740 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg
The federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, is divided into eighteen rayony ("districts", Russian: районы, singular: rayon), which are in turn subdivided into municipal okrugs, municipal towns, and municipal settlements.
Prince Karl Johann of Liechtenstein
Prince Karl Johann of Liechtenstein (Karl Borromäus Johann Nepomuk Anton; 14 June 1803, in Vienna – 12 October 1871, in Ischl) was the third and youngest son of Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein (1760–1836) and wife Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra, nephew of Aloys I, brother of Aloys II and uncle of Johann II and Franz I.

His father, Prince Johann I, ceded governance of Lichtenstein to him when he was still a minor in 1806, according to the terms of a treaty with the Confederation of the Rhine, which dissolved in 1813.

Confederation of the Rhine
The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz. Its creation brought about the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire shortly afterward. The Confederation of the Rhine lasted for only seven years, from 1806 to 1813, dissolving after Napoleon's defeat in the  War of the Sixth Coalition.

The founding members of the confederation were German princes of the Holy Roman Empire. They were later joined by 19 others, altogether ruling a total of over 15 million people. This granted a significant strategic advantage to the French Empire on its eastern frontier by providing a buffer between France and the two largest German states, Prussia and Austria (which also controlled substantial non-German lands).
Big Blue River (Kansas River tributary)
The Big Blue River is the largest tributary of the Kansas River.  The river flows for approximately 359 miles (578 km) from central Nebraska into Kansas, until its confluence with the Kansas River at Manhattan.

It was given its name by the Kansa tribe of Native Americans, who lived at its mouth from 1780 to 1830, and who called it the Great Blue Earth River.

Kaw people
The Kaw Nation (Kansa: Kaáⁿze), also known as the Kanza or Kansa, is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Oklahoma and parts of Kansas. The Kaw people historically lived in the central Midwestern United States. They have also been called the "People of the South Wind", "People of Water", Kansa, Kaza, Konza, Conza, Quans, Kosa, and Kasa. Their tribal language is Kansa, classified as a Siouan language.

The state of Kansas was named for this tribe. The name of Topeka, capital city of Kansas, is said to be the Kaw word Tó Ppí Kˀé meaning 'a good place to grow potatoes'. The Kaw are closely related to the Osage Nation, with whom members often intermarried.
Been So Long
Been So Long is a musical with music and lyrics by Arthur Darvill and book by Ché Walker. The musical is based on Walker's 1998 play of the same name.

Been So Long premiered at the Young Vic on July 11, 2009 and then transferred to Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh on August 7, 2009 as part of the Edinburgh Festival. A live cast recording was also made of the production.

Young Vic
The Young Vic Theatre is a performing-arts venue located on The Cut, near the South Bank, in the London Borough of Lambeth, United Kingdom.

The Young Vic was established by Frank Dunlop in 1970. Nadia Fall has been artistic director since 2025, succeeding Kwame Kwei-Armah, and David Lan before him.
Frank Williams (outfielder)
Frank Williams (August 21, 1918 – June, 1987), nicknamed "Shorty", was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1940s.

A native of Newport, Kentucky, Williams made his Negro leagues debut in 1942 with the Homestead Grays. He went on to play for the Grays again in 1943 and 1946, and served in the US Army during World War II. Williams died in Westminster, California in 1987 at age 68.

Newport, Kentucky
Newport is a home rule-class city in Campbell County, Kentucky, United States. It is at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking rivers across from Cincinnati. The population was 14,150 at the 2020 census. Historically, it was one of four county seats of Campbell County. Newport is an urban center of Northern Kentucky and is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area.
Asphalt literature
Asphalt literature is a term that was used in Germany to refer to "metropolitan literature that is no longer rooted in its homeland". The term was first used in 1918, and became popular in the Third Reich when Joseph Goebbels used it in his speech on 10 May 1933 at the burning of books on Berlin's Opernplatz. Meyer's Lexikon defined asphalt literature in the 1936 edition as a "designation for rootless urban writers", which before 1933 had been a "phenomenon of fashion and decay, partly of foreign origin".

Asphalt literature included works by Alfred Döblin, Bertolt Brecht, Lion Feuchtwanger, Erich Kästner and other writers who were persecuted by the Nazi regime.

Bebelplatz
The Bebelplatz (formerly and colloquially the Opernplatz) is a public square in the central Mitte district of Berlin, the capital of Germany. Following World War II, the square was renamed after August Bebel, a founder of the Social Democratic Party of Germany in the 19th century.

The square is located on the south side of the Unter den Linden boulevard, a major east-west thoroughfare that runs through Berlin's city center. It consists of a green area to the east and an open area to the west of the State Opera building, which it surrounds (hence its prewar name). It is bounded to the east by the Prinzessinnenpalais, to the west by the Alte Bibliothek and the Old Palace, and to the southeast by St. Hedwig's Cathedral, the first Catholic church built in Prussia after the Reformation.
Gettman
Gettman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jake Gettman (1875–1956), Russian-born American baseball player

Jon Gettman (born 1957), American cannabis activist

Virginia Leslie Gettman (1922–2011), American actress known professionally as Leslie Brooks

Jake Gettman
Jake Gettman (October 25, 1875 – October 4, 1956) was a Major League Baseball outfielder with the Washington Senators from 1897 to 1899. He was the first Russian-born player in Major League history. Gettman emigrated to the United States at ten years old.
Cops vs. Thugs
Cops vs. Thugs (県警対組織暴力, Kenkei tai Soshiki Bōryoku; lit. "Police vs. Violence Groups") is a 1975 Japanese yakuza film directed by Kinji Fukasaku. It won two Blue Ribbon Awards in 1976: Best Director (Fukasaku) and Best Actor (Sugawara). Complex named it number 6 on their list of The 25 Best Yakuza Movies. Kino International released the film on DVD in North America in 2006.

Kino Lorber
Kino Lorber is an international film distribution company based in New York City. Founded in 1976, it was originally known as Kino International until it was acquired by and merged into Lorber HT Digital in 2009. It specializes in art house films, such as documentary films, classic and rarely seen films from earlier periods in the history of cinema, and world cinema. In addition to theatrical distribution, Kino Lorber releases films in the home entertainment market and has its own streaming services for its digital library.