hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Duff (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Sir Arthur Allan Morison Duff, KCB, JP, DL (19 April 1874 – 5 April 1952) was a Royal Navy officer.

Duff was the son of General A. G. Duff.

In 1913, Duff was given command of the light cruiser HMS Birmingham. Duff was in command of the ship when, on 9 August 1914, she rammed the German submarine U-15 off Fair Isle, cutting her in two, becoming the first German submarine to be sunk in the First World War. In 1916, Duff later commanded Birmingham at the Battle of Dogger Bank and the Battle of Jutland.

Duff was promoted to KCB in the 1929 New Year Honours. He was promoted to Admiral on 8 May 1930 and was placed on the Retired List on 15 May.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Lyons Forum
The Lyons Forum was a ginger group or informal political faction comprising some federal members of conservative Australian parliamentary parties. It was formed in the early 1990s and was active both in Liberal Party of Australia parliamentary leadership conflict and on family policy issues. The faction was sometimes disparagingly called "The God Squad". In 2004, it was described as "defunct" by Michelle Grattan.

Ginger group
A ginger group is a formal or informal group within an organisation seeking to influence its direction and activity. The term comes from the phrase ginger up, meaning to enliven or stimulate. Ginger groups work to alter the organisation's policies, practices, or office-holders, while still supporting its general goals. Ginger groups sometimes form within the political parties of Commonwealth countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and Pakistan.
Massilia putida
Massilia putida is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium from the genus Massilia with a single polar flagellum, which has been isolated from a wolfram mine in Dayu County in the Jiangxi Province in China. Massilia putida has the ability to produce dimethyl disulfide.

Dayu County
Dayu (Chinese: 大余; pinyin: Dàyú) is a county in the west of the prefecture-level city of Ganzhou, in the southwest of Jiangxi Province, bordering Guangdong Province to the south. It is known for The Capital of Tungsten.
Cleomella oxystyloides
Cleomella oxystyloides is a species of flowering plants in the cleome family, Cleomaceae, which is known by the common name spiny caper. It is native to the Mojave Desert straddling the border between California and Nevada. It grows in rocky and sandy desert habitat, often on alkaline soils. This is an annual herb producing an erect, branching stem which may reach 1.5 meters in height. The leaf is made up of three thick, firm leaflets 2 to 6 centimeters long, borne on a stout, straight petiole. The inflorescence is a dense head of flowers clustered about the stem at the leaf axils, each flower with four small yellow petals. The fruit is a small white or purple nutlet bearing the spine-like remnant of the flower receptacle.

The plant was first described as Oxystylis lutea in 1845, and placed in the monotypic genus Oxystylis. It was renamed Cleomella oxystyloides in 2015, and placed in the genus Cleomella.

Alkali soil
Alkali, or  alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate, which causes the soil to swell and to be difficult to clarify/settle. They derive their name from the alkali metal group of elements, to which sodium belongs, and which can induce basicity. Sometimes these soils are also referred to as alkaline sodic soils.
Zavetny
Zavetny (Russian: Заветный; masculine), Zavetnaya (Заветная; feminine), or Zavetnoye (Заветное; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Zavetny (rural locality), a settlement in Zavetny Rural Okrug under the administrative jurisdiction of the City of Armavir, Krasnodar Krai

Zavetnoye, Krasnodar Krai, a settlement in Protichkinsky Rural Okrug of Krasnoarmeysky District of Krasnodar Krai

Zavetnoye, Leningrad Oblast, a logging depot settlement in Sevastyanovskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Priozersky District of Leningrad Oblast

Zavetnoye, Primorsky Krai, a selo in Chuguyevsky District of Primorsky Krai

Zavetnoye, Rostov Oblast, a selo in Zavetinskoye Rural Settlement of Zavetinsky District of Rostov Oblast

Zavetnoye, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Volsky District of Saratov Oblast

Zavetnoye, Stavropol Krai, a selo in Zavetnensky Selsoviet of Kochubeyevsky District of Stavropol Krai

Kochubeyevsky District
Kochubeyevsky District (Russian: Кочубе́евский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Stavropol Krai, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kochubeyevsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 2,363 square kilometers (912 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kochubeyevskoye. Population: 79,557 (2010 Census); 81,609 (2002 Census); 69,512 (1989 Census). The population of Kochubeyevskoye accounts for 33.7% of the district's total population.
Bob Wasserman
Robert "Bob" Wasserman (January 12, 1934 – December 29, 2011) was an American politician and retired police chief, who served as the Mayor of Fremont, California, from 2004 to 2011. He has been credited with integrating Fremont's economy and workforce into the larger Silicon Valley during his tenures as mayor and a city councilman.

Brea, California
Brea (/ˈbreɪə/ BRAY-uh; Spanish for 'tar') is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. The population as of the 2020 census was 47,325. It is 33 miles (53 km) southeast of Los Angeles. Brea is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

The city began as a center of crude oil production and was later propelled by citrus production. It is a significant retail center, including the Carbon Canyon Dam, Carbon Canyon Regional Park, Brea Mall and downtown Brea. The city has an extensive public art program that began in 1975 and has over 140 artworks placed throughout the city.
Desperately (Don Williams song)
"Desperately" is a song written by Jamie O'Hara and Kevin Welch, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams.  It was released in August 1988 as the third single from the album Traces.  The song reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Kevin Welch
Kevin Stephen Welch (August 17, 1955) is an American country music artist. He has charted five singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts and released eight studio albums. He is also one of the cofounders of the Dead Reckoning Records label, which he founded with fellow musicians Kieran Kane, Tammy Rogers, Mike Henderson, and Harry Stinson.
Elachia (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Elachia (Ancient Greek: Ἐλαχεία means 'short, small') was a Thespian princess as one of the 50 daughters of King Thespius and Megamede, daughter of Arneus (or by one of his many wives). She bore Buleus to the hero Heracles.

Heracles
Heracles (/ˈhɛrəkliːz/ ⓘ Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλῆς, lit. 'glory/fame of Hera'), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon. He was a descendant of Perseus, another son of Zeus.

He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, the ancestor of royal clans known as Heracleidae (Ἡρακλεῖδαι), and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well.
Acacia brachypoda
Acacia brachypoda, known colloquially as western wheatbelt wattle is an endangered species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, rounded, sticky shrub with broad, flat branchlets, straight to slightly curved, terete to flat and linear phyllodes, spherical heads of golden-yellow flowers, and curved, wavy or coiled, thinly leathery to crust-like pods.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Grégor Marchand
Grégor Marchand (20 January 1968 – 1 June 2023) was a French academic and archeologist. He specialized in prehistory and lithic technology. He served as a research director for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and was a professor at the University of Rennes 1.

University of Rennes 1
The University of Rennes 1 was a public university located in Rennes, France. It was founded in 1970, after splitting of the historic University of Rennes into two universities. On January 1, 2023, the University of Rennes 1 merged with five grandes écoles: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, École nationale supérieure de chimie de Rennes, ENS Rennes, INSA Rennes and Sciences-Po Rennes to create the new University of Rennes.
Alvikh Maharaj
Alvick Avhikrit Maharaj is a Fijian politician and Member of the Parliament of Fiji for the FijiFirst Party. He served as the assistant Minister for Employment, Productivity, Industrial Relations, Youth and Sport.  He was re-elected to Parliament in the 2018 election. In 2022, as FijiFirst lost the election, Maharaj subsequently lost his portfolio, despite being re-elected to a 3rd term in Parliament.

FijiFirst
FijiFirst (FF, Fijian: iMatai ni Viti; Fiji Hindi: फिजी प्रथम) was a liberal political party in Fiji. The party was formed in March 2014 by then Prime Minister, Frank Bainimarama. It was deregistered on 1 July 2024.
Célio de Castro
Célio de Castro (July 11, 1932 - July 20, 2008) was a Brazilian politician, professor and doctor. He served as the Mayor of Belo Horizonte, the capital of the state of Minas Gerais, from January 1, 1997 until November 2002.

Célio de Castro died at Hospital Mater Dei in Belo Horizonte of multiple organ failure on July 20, 2008, at the age of 76.

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring immediate medical intervention.

There are different stages of organ dysfunction for certain different organs, both in acute and in chronic onset, whether or not there are one or more organs affected. Each stage of dysfunction (whether it be the heart, lung, liver, or kidney) has defined parameters, in terms of laboratory values based on blood and other tests, as to what it is (each of these organs' levels of failure is divided into stage I, II, III, IV, and V). The word "failure" is commonly used to refer to the later stages, especially IV and V, when artificial support usually becomes necessary to sustain life; the damage may or may not be fully or partially reversible.
Schistura fusinotata
Schistura fusinotata is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach genus Schistura. This species has been recorded from stretches of the main Kong River and its tributaries in Laos where there are substrates consisting of stones and large gravel.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.
Ghost lawyer
A ghost lawyer, also known as a legal ghostwriter, is a lawyer who writes legal opinions for other lawyers without accreditation. Ghost lawyers may offer their services to other lawyers on a project-by-project basis.

While most states permit the practice, ethical concerns have been raised with regard to pro se litigants.

With an increase in pro se litigants during the 21st century, some attorneys have adapted their services to offer "unbundled" legal services, in which the attorney agrees to a limited role in assisting a self-representing client.

Unbundled legal services
Unbundled legal services, also known as limited scope representation and discrete task representation, is a method of legal representation in which an attorney and client agree to limit the scope of the attorney’s involvement in a lawsuit or other legal action, leaving responsibility for those other aspects of the case to the client in order to save the client money and give them more control. Unbundled legal services, limited scope retainers or discrete task representation are available in multiple jurisdictions, including the United States, as well as the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and  Ontario. One common use of unbundled legal services is family law, as a case is often too complex for a pro se litigant to handle alone but the cost of full-service legal representation is often prohibitive.
Zaragoza–Delicias railway station
Zaragoza–Delicias station is a railway station located in the city of Zaragoza in Aragon, Spain. The station opened on 7 May 2003, and the Central Bus Station Zaragoza opened on 5 May 2007, providing a wide intermodality to passengers. It is served by the AVE high-speed trains between Madrid and Barcelona and onwards to Figueres.

The building was designed by Carlos Ferrater and José María Valero.

Figueres
Figueres (Catalan: [fiˈɣeɾəs] ⓘ; Spanish: Figueras [fiˈɣeɾas] ⓘ) is the capital city of Alt Empordà County, in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain. The town is the birthplace of artist Salvador Dalí, and houses the Dalí Theatre and Museum, a large museum designed by Dalí himself which attracts many visitors. It is also the birthplace of Narcís Monturiol, inventor of the first successful machine-powered submarine. Also born here was Mónica Naranjo, one of the best-selling Spanish singers of the 1990s and 2000s.
Thomas Chaplin (MP for Stamford)
Thomas Chaplin (17 April 1794 – 10 May 1863) was a British politician and Army officer.

The son of Charles Chaplin, Thomas lived in Blankney in Lincolnshire.  He was appointed as a captain in the Coldstream Guards, and also became a lieutenant-colonel.  He served overseas in the Peninsular War, but was seriously injured at the Siege of San Sebastián in 1813, and receiving a pension of £50.

At the 1826 UK general election, Chaplin stood for the Conservative Party in Stamford, winning the seat, and holding it in 1830.  He was defeated in the 1831 UK general election, but regained his seat in 1832, holding it until 1838, when he resigned by accepting the Chiltern Hundreds.  Unusually for a Conservative, he supported the replacement of the Assessed Taxes by a property tax.

Charles Chaplin (elder)
Charles Chaplin (30 May 1759 – 28 August 1816) was an English member of parliament (MP). A graduate of St John's College, Cambridge, Chaplin was the brother-in-law of Lord George Manners-Sutton, who married Chaplin's only sister Diana.

He was appointed high sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1785. He was one of the two MPs for Lincolnshire from 1802 until his death in 1816, aged 57.
FV Gaul
The fishing vessel Gaul was a deep sea factory ship based at Hull, United Kingdom. She was launched in December 1971 by Brooke Marine of Lowestoft, entering service during 1972 with the Ranger Fishing company, where she was registered at North Shields as Ranger Castor, SN18. She was renamed when Ranger Fishing was bought by British United Trawlers and re-registered at Hull as Gaul, H243. She sank some time on the night of 8–9 February 1974 in storm conditions in the Barents Sea, north of Norway. No distress signal was received and her loss was not realised until 10 February after she twice failed to report in. An extensive search operation was launched but no trace of the ship was found, apart from a lifebuoy recovered three months later. All thirty-six crew were lost. The president of the British Trawler Federation described the loss of the Gaul as "the worst ever single-trawler tragedy".  The wreck was finally located in 1997.

North Shields
North Shields (/ʃiːlz/ SHEELZ) is a town in the borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Newcastle upon Tyne and borders nearby Wallsend and Tynemouth. The population of North Shields at the 2021 census was 6,137.

Since 1974, it has been in the North Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear: its historic administration was as part of the Castle ward in county of Northumberland. It was part of the Tynemouth County Borough; when abolished in 1974, the borough became an unparished area.

It is on the northern bank of the River Tyne, opposite to South Shields on the other bank.  The name derives from Middle English schele meaning "temporary sheds or huts used by fishermen".
Fernand Lafontaine
Fernand-Joseph Lafontaine (November 14, 1922 – June 21, 2010) was a Canadian politician and a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

He was born in Montreal, Quebec and became an engineer.

Lafontaine ran as a Union Nationale candidate in a by-election held on September 16, 1959 in the provincial district of Labelle and won.  He was re-elected in the 1960, 1962, 1966 and 1970 elections.

He served as his party's campaign manager from 1963 to 1970.

He was appointed to the cabinet in 1966 and served as minister of public works until 1967 and as minister of highways until 1970.  Lafontaine was defeated against Liberal candidate Roger Lapointe in the 1973 election.

He died in Sainte-Véronique, Quebec.

Union Nationale (Quebec)
The Union nationale (French pronunciation: [ynjɔ̃ nɑsjɔnal]) was a conservative and nationalist provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, that identified with Québécois autonomism.  It was created during the Great Depression and held power in Quebec from 1936 to 1939, from 1944 to 1960 and from 1966 to 1970. The party was founded by Maurice Duplessis, who led it until his death in 1959.

The party was often referred to in English as the National Union, especially when it was still an electoral force, by both the media and, at times, the party.
Holy Spirit Lycée
Holy Spirit Lyceum (French: Lycée du Saint-Esprit) is a public Catholic secondary school located in Gihosha, Bujumbura, Burundi. The school was founded by the Rwanda Burundi Region of the Society of Jesus in 1952; and it covers ages 11 through 18 and has about 920 students. The Lycée is managed by the Society of Jesus. It has ranked first in the country's national exams.

Secondary education in France
In France, secondary education is in two stages:

Collèges (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ]) cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 14.

Lycées (French pronunciation: [lise]) provide a three-year course of further secondary education for students between the ages of 15 and 19 (although some lycées host higher education courses like CPGE or BTS). Pupils are prepared for the baccalauréat (French pronunciation: [bakaloʁea]; baccalaureate, colloquially known as bac, previously bachot), which can lead to higher education studies or directly to professional life. There are three main types of baccalauréat: the baccalauréat général, baccalauréat technologique and baccalauréat professionnel.
Forest Flower (horse)
Forest Flower (9 February 1984 – 10 February 2011) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a racing career which lasted from May 1986 until July 1987 she won five of her eight races. She was the outstanding European two-year-old filly of 1986 when she won the Queen Mary Stakes, Cherry Hinton Stakes and Mill Reef Stakes before being controversially disqualified after finishing first in the Cheveley Park Stakes. Her subsequent career was disrupted by poor health, but she won the Irish 1,000 Guineas in 1987. She was retired to stud in 1988 and had limited success as a broodmare before dying in 2011 at the age of twenty-seven.

Mill Reef Stakes
The Mill Reef Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-olds. It is run at Newbury over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Thomas James Ireland
Thomas James Ireland (10 January 1792 – 2 July 1863) was a British Conservative politician.

Born in London, Ireland was the only son of Thomas Ireland. He was admitted to Emmanuel College, Cambridge in Michaelmas of 1810, became a scholar there in 1811, and then graduated as a Bachelor of Arts in 1814, and a Master of Arts in 1817. In 1832, he was admitted to Gray's Inn.

Ireland married Elizbeth Welby, daughter of Sir William Earle Welby, 2nd Baronet and Wilhelmina née Spry in 1829, and they had at least six children.

Ireland was elected Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Bewdley at the 1847 general election, but he was unseated in March the next year for "bribery and corrupt treating".

He was also a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant for Suffolk before his death in London in 1863.

Michaelmas
Michaelmas (/ˈmɪkəlməs/ MIK-əl-məs; also known as the Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, the Feast of the Archangels or the Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels) is a Christian festival observed in many Western Christian liturgical calendars on 29 September and on 8 November in the Eastern Christian traditions. Michaelmas has been one of the four quarter days of the English and Irish financial, judicial and academic year.

In the Christian angelology of some traditions, the Archangel Michael is considered as the greatest of all the angels, being particularly honoured for defeating Satan in the War in Heaven.
Henry II of Ventimiglia
Henry II of Ventimiglia (c. 1230 – 1308), Count of Ventimiglia, of Maro, Geraci and of Ischia, Lord of Collesano, Gangi and of Petralie, Lord of Gratteri, Isnello, Castel di Lucio, Ipsigro, Fisauli, Belici, Montemaggiore and Caronia, was Vicar General in Marche and the Duchy of Spoleto, on behalf of King Manfred of Sicily, and one of the main organizers of the Sicilian Vespers.

Henry was also the founder of Castelbuono and began the construction of the castle there. Expropriated from the fiefs both in Sicily and in Liguria by Charles I of Anjou, he obtained recognition and restitution with the support of Frederick III of Aragon and the Republic of Genoa. He was ambassador of the Aragonese of Sicily to Genoa in 1300.

Frederick III of Sicily
Frederick III (also Frederick II, Latin: Federicus, Italian: Federico, Sicilian: Fidiricu); 13 December 1272 – 25 June 1337) was the regent of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1291 until 1295 and subsequently King of Sicily from 1295 until his death. He was the third son of Peter III of Aragon and served in the War of the Sicilian Vespers on behalf of his father and brothers, Alfonso ΙΙΙ and James ΙΙ. He was confirmed as king by the Peace of Caltabellotta in 1302. His reign saw important constitutional reforms: the Constitutiones regales, Capitula alia, and Ordinationes generales.