hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kabisa
Kabisa or Kubaysah (Arabic: كبيسة) is an Iraqi city in the Hīt district of Al-Anbar province.

On 4 October 2014 it was captured by Islamic State forces.
On 25 March 2016 it was recaptured by Iraqi Security Forces.

Iraqi security forces
The Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) was a term used by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) to describe law enforcement and military forces of the federal government of the Republic of Iraq. During the initial U.S. phase of the Iraq War from 2003-2010, these entities received training and instruction from the multinational Multi-National Force – Iraq. After U.S. forces reentered Iraq, after the rise of the Islamic State, they received training and assistance from the U.S. Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.

According to Article 121 of Iraq's constitution, the federal regions are responsible for the establishment and organization of internal security forces of their respective regions. Therefore, Peshmerga is not within the scope of this term.
Central Bank of Somalia
The Central Bank of Somalia (CBS) (Somali: Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, Arabic: البنك المركزي الصومالي) is the monetary authority of Somalia. Somalia has struggled to reestablish a functioning state since the collapse of an authoritarian regime in 1991. Somalia has been cited in academic contexts as a case of decentralized governance and informal legal structures following the collapse of its central government. The Transitional Federal Government, formed in 2004, was recognized as the central government of Somalia. Among other duties, it is in charge of ensuring financial stability, maintaining the internal and external value of the local currency, and promoting credit and exchange conditions that facilitate the balanced growth of the national economy. Within the scope of its powers, it also contributes to the financial and economic policies of the State.

Trust Territory of Somaliland
The Trust Territory of Somaliland, officially the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration (Italian: Amministrazione fiduciaria italiana della Somalia), was a United Nations Trust Territory from 1950 to 1960, following the dissolution of the former British Military Administration. It was administered by Italy before gaining independence. It covered most of present-day Somalia and its capital was Mogadishu.
St Senan's Church, Inniscarra
St Senan's Church is a small Anglican Gothic Revival church located in Inniscarra, County Cork, Ireland. It is dedicated to Senán mac Geirrcinn, who is the patron saint of Inniscarra.

Along with the Church of Saint Peter in Carrigrohane and the Church of the Resurrection in Blarney, it is part of the Carrigrohane Union of Parishes in the Diocese of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross.

Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross
The Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, also referred to as the United Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, is a diocese in the Church of Ireland. The diocese is in the ecclesiastical province of Dublin.  It is the see of the Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, the result of a combination of the bishoprics of Cork and Cloyne and Ross in 1583, the separation of Cork and Ross and Cloyne in 1660, and the re-combination of Cork and Ross and Cloyne in 1835.
Xylobolus subpileatus
Xylobolus subpileatus is a species of crust fungus in the family Stereaceae first described in 1849 by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis. The fungus forms tough, crust-like fruit bodies with somewhat flat to wavy caps that feature a dark zonate top and light underside, typically growing on fallen oak logs. It creates a distinctive honeycomb-like decay pattern by selectively degrading lignin in the wood, with fruiting bodies appearing more frequently as the wood advances through decay. Though widely distributed across North America, Europe, Asia, and South America, X. subpileatus is considered endangered in several European countries, where it is often confined to old-growth oak forests.

Corticioid fungi
The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Corticium ("corticioid" means Corticium-like) and subsequently to the family Corticiaceae, but it is now known that all corticioid species are not necessarily closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers and other texts.
Urumeans
The Urumu (also called the Urumeans) were a tribe attested in cuneiform sources in the Bronze Age. They are often considered to be one of the ancestors of the Armenians being one of the tribes which were part of the Hayasa-Azzi confederation.

Proto-Armenian language
Proto-Armenian is the earlier, unattested stage of the Armenian language which has been reconstructed by linguists. As Armenian is the only known language of its branch of the Indo-European languages, the comparative method cannot be used to reconstruct its earlier stages. Instead, a combination of internal and external reconstruction, by reconstructions of Proto-Indo-European and other branches, has allowed linguists to piece together the earlier history of Armenian.
Cochran–Armitage test for trend
The Cochran–Armitage test for trend, named for William Cochran and Peter Armitage, is used in categorical data analysis when the aim is to assess for the presence of an association between a variable with two categories and an ordinal variable with k categories.  It modifies the Pearson chi-squared test to incorporate a suspected ordering in the effects of the k categories of the second variable.  For example, doses of a treatment can be ordered as 'low', 'medium', and 'high', and we may suspect that the treatment benefit cannot become smaller as the dose increases.  The trend test is often used as a genotype-based test for case-control genetic association studies.

Case–control study
A case–control study (also known as case–referent study) is a type of observational study in which two existing groups differing in outcome are identified and compared on the basis of some supposed causal attribute. Case–control studies are often used to identify factors that may contribute to a medical condition by comparing subjects who have the condition with patients who do not have the condition but are otherwise similar. They require fewer resources but provide less evidence for causal inference than a randomized controlled trial. A case–control study is often used to produce an odds ratio. Some statistical methods make it possible to use a case–control study to also estimate relative risk, risk differences, and other quantities.
Caltexfjellet
Caltexfjellet is a mountain in Edgeøya, Svalbard. It is located east of the plain of Raddesletta. The mountain is named after the petroleum company Caltex which purchased 85% of the mountain in the late 1980s.

Edgeøya
Edgeøya (Norwegian: [ˈɛdʒˌœ͡ʏɑ]), anglicised as Edge Island, is a Norwegian island located in southeast of the Svalbard archipelago; with an area of 5,073 square kilometres (1,960 sq mi), it is the third-largest island in this archipelago.  An Arctic island, it forms part of the Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve, home to polar bears and reindeer. An ice field covers its eastern side. The island takes its name from Thomas Edge (died  1624), an English merchant and whaler. It is seldom visited today and development of tourist facilities is forbidden by law because of its nature reserve status.
St. Michael's Basilica (Miramichi, New Brunswick)
The Basilica of Saint Michael the Archangel is located on a hill overlooking the Miramichi River in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It is a prominent feature of the former town of Chatham, New Brunswick, and one of the largest churches in Eastern Canada. It is now included within the city of Miramichi, which was formed in 1995.

Pope John Paul II raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his decree Inter Sacras Diœcesis on 28 January 1989. The decree was signed and notarized by Cardinal Agostino Casaroli.

Miramichi River
The Miramichi River /ˌmɪrəmɪˈʃiː/ is a river located in the east-central part of New Brunswick, Canada.  The river drains into Miramichi Bay in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The name may have been derived from the Montagnais words "Maissimeu Assi" (meaning Mi'kmaq Land), and it is today the namesake of the Miramichi Herald at the Canadian Heraldic Authority.
Yanagawa (surname)
Yanagawa is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akira Yanagawa (born 1971), Japanese motorcycle racer

Harumi Yanagawa, Japanese athlete

Heisuke Yanagawa (1879-1945), Japanese general

Kimie Yanagawa (1915-1997), Japanese-American educator

Masaki Yanagawa (born 1987), Japanese footballer

Yanagawa Shigenobu (1787-1932), Japanese painter

Heisuke Yanagawa
Heisuke Yanagawa (柳川 平助, Yanagawa Heisuke; 2 October 1879 – 22 January 1945) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Japanese forces under Yanagawa's command committed the 1937 Nanjing Massacre.
1891–92 American Cup
The 1892 American Cup was the eighth edition of the soccer tournament organized by the American Football Association. The Fall River East Ends won their second title in succession by overcoming the New York Thistles in the final. The Challenge Cup committee elected by the AFA were Robert Miller of O.N.T. as president, James Henderson of Brooklyn Nonpareil as vice president, Thomas B. Hood of Pawtucket as Secretary, and John Lang of Fall River as Treasurer.

Clark O.N.T.
Clark Our New Thread, mostly known as Clark O.N.T. was a U.S. soccer team sponsored by the Clark Thread Company.  The team competed in the annual American Cup, winning the first three championships. Beside Fall River Rovers, they are considered the most successful clubs in the late 1880s in American soccer.
Sentro ng Wikang Filipino
The Sentro ng Wikang Filipino (SWF; literally, "Center of the Filipino Language"), also known the Sentro, is a language academy, research center, and university-based publishing house that is part of the University of the Philippines System (UP). It has offices in various autonomous universities of UP System, the most notable of which is the one housed at the University of the Philippines Diliman (i.e. SWF Diliman) that won the Philippine National Book Award for Publisher of the Year by the Manila Critics' Circle. The Sentro is active not just within the UP system due to its mission of "developing and disseminating" the Filipino language according to the provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

One of Sentro's projects is the UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino, a monolingual Filipino dictionary.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
2002 WTA Tour
The 2002 Sanex WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2002 tennis season. The WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Tier I-V Events, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF) and the year-end championships.

New tournaments created for the 2002 season included the Proximus Diamond Games in Antwerp, Belgium; a new green clay event, the Sarasota Clay Court Classic, in Sarasota, U.S.; and the Nordea Nordic Light Open held in Espoo, Finland. Another new tournament was created to be held in Aarhus, Denmark, but was later cancelled. Also, the French Community Championships moved cities from Knokke-Heist to Brussels, and the Kroger St. Jude Championship was moved from Oklahoma City, U.S. to a new location in Memphis.

Nordic Light Open
The Nordic Light Open (sponsored by Nordea) was a women's tennis tournament held in Stockholm, Sweden (in 2002 and 2003 the tournament was played in Espoo, Finland on clay courts). Held from 2002 to 2008, this WTA Tour event was a Tier IV-tournament and was played on outdoor hardcourts.

As from 2009, the Nordic Light Open was replaced by the women's Swedish Open, at Båstad.
Red FM
The name Red FM refers to more than one radio station:

CKYE-FM (93.1 MHz), branded as Red FM, in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada

Cork's Red FM ILR (104.5-106.1 MHz), an Irish radio station which broadcasts to Cork and the surrounding area

Red FM (Australia), a commercial radio network covering the remote areas of Western Australia

Red FM (India) (93.5 MHz), an Indian radio brand with stations broadcasting at 93.5 MHz across the country

Red FM (Malaysia) (104.9 MHz)

Red FM (Greece) (96.3 MHz)

Red FM (Australia)
Red FM was a commercial radio network covering regional Western Australia. Formerly only broadcasting to mine sites, Red FM later covered every town north of Perth and following the re-branding of WAFM, included the major centres of Broome, Port Hedland, Karratha and Geraldton. Red FM was a part of the Redwave Media Group owned by Seven West Media and targeted 18 to 39 year-old listeners with a contemporary hit radio format. Red FM operated under the Australian radio callsigns 6RED, 6HED, 6FMS and 6GGG.
Archives Service Center
The Archives Service Center (ASC) is one of the main repositories within the University Library System at the University of Pittsburgh and houses collections of various manuscripts, media, maps, and other materials of historical, social, and scientific content. It houses and functions as the repository for collections that document and describe the history of the Western Pennsylvania region, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, the city of Pittsburgh, and the University of Pittsburgh.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Aglish, County Tipperary
Aglish (Irish: An Eaglais) is a small settlement in County Tipperary in Ireland. It is in the Civil parish and electoral division of Aglishcloghane  in the historical barony of Ormond Lower. The village is approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Borrisokane and 1 km (0.6 mi) east of the R438 road.

The local Roman Catholic Church, St. Michael's (built 1893), is a limestone structure in a village composed of modest domestic buildings.

The previously disused old school, just to the east has been restored by an Operation Transformation group into a space for the local community.

The building of Aglish Church of Ireland was financed by the Board of First Fruits, it is listed (RPS Ref S9) as a protected structure.

Board of First Fruits
The Board of First Fruits (Irish: Bord na Prímhide) was an institution of the Church of Ireland that was established in 1711 by Anne, Queen of Great Britain to build and improve churches and glebe houses in Ireland. This was funded from taxes collected on clerical incomes which were in turn funded by tithes.

The board was replaced in 1833 by the Board of Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
Saxe-Merseburg
The Duchy of Saxe-Merseburg was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire, with Merseburg as its capital.  It existed from 1656 or 1657 to 1738 and was owned by an Albertine secundogeniture of the Saxon House of Wettin.

Zörbig
Zörbig (German pronunciation: [ˈtsœʁbɪç] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km west of Bitterfeld, and 20 km northeast of Halle (Saale). Zörbig is well known for its molasses made from sugar beets.
Shibley
Shibley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arkie Shibley (1914–1975), American country singer

Carla Shibley (born 1990), Canadian para-cyclist

Gail Shibley (born c. 1958), American politician

Schuyler Shibley (1820–1890), Canadian businessman and politician

William Shibley (1876–1926), American football coach

Arkie Shibley
Jesse Lee "Arkie" Shibley (September 21, 1915 – September 7, 1975), was an American country singer who recorded the original version of "Hot Rod Race" in 1950.  The record was important because "it introduced automobile racing into popular music and underscored the car's relevance to American culture, particularly youth culture."
The Flattery Show
The Flattery Show was the first English-language radio chat show aired in the south west of France and a flagship Sunday evening programme broadcast on Radio Coteaux in the Gascony region. The show was presented by Irish radio presenter John Slattery with American co-host Patricia McKinnes. It ran for twenty-one weeks and proved to be very popular with expatriates living in France.

English-language radio
English-language radio refers to radio stations that broadcast primarily in the English language and are located in countries where English is not an official language or majority language. Often referred to as "English-speaking radio" or "Expat radio" the broadcasts enables expats, vacationers and travelers to listen to radio in their native language while traveling abroad. The idea is that stations broadcast in English to popular holiday destinations such as Pattaya, the French Riviera, the Costa del Sol or places with high expat communities. English language broadcasting also takes the form of military-backed radio such as the American Forces Network. However English-language radio based in foreign countries has to now compete with the introduction of internet radio and satellite technology that has increased listener's access to English-language radio based in "home" counties.
Susan Collier
Susan Jane Collier (12 October 1938 – 18 May 2011) was an English textile designer. She began in a freelance capacity and sold sketches to scarf brands Richard Allan and Jacquar. Collier joined Liberty in 1961, and specialised in floral prints dresses. She was helped by her sister Sarah Campbell starting in 1968, and co-founded the independent Collier Campbell Ltd studio in 1979.

Liberty (department store)
Liberty, commonly known as Liberty's, is a luxury department store in London, England. It is located on Great Marlborough Street in the West End of London. The building spans from Carnaby Street in the East to Kingly Street in the West, where it forms a three storey archway over the Northern entrance to the Kingly Street mall that houses the Liberty Clock in its centre. Liberty is known around the world for its close connection to art and culture, but it is most famous for its bold and floral print fabrics. The vast mock-Tudor store also sells men's, women's and children's fashion, beauty and homewares from a mix of high-end and emerging brands and labels.

The store is known to spot and champion young designers at the start of their careers, and many now-prominent brands were first available at Liberty. The store played essential role in spreading and popularizing the Modern Style. This continues Liberty's long reputation for working with British artists and designers.
Convento de Santa Fé
Convent of Santa Fe (Spanish: Convento de Santa Fe) is a former monastery situated in Toledo, Spain. It is situated in the north-east of the historic centre of the city. 
Included in the heritage listing Bien de Interés Cultural, it has been protected since 30 September 1919.

It is built on ancient Muslim ruins.

Bien de Interés Cultural
Bien de Interés Cultural (Basque: Kultura Intereseko Ondasun, Catalan: Bé d'Interès Cultural, Valencian: Bé d'Interés Cultural, Galician: Ben de Interese Cultural) is a category of the heritage register in Spain. The term is also used in Colombia and other Spanish-speaking countries.

The term literally means a "good of cultural interest" ("goods" in the economic sense). It includes not only material heritage (cultural property), like monuments or movable works of art, but also intangible cultural heritage, such as the Silbo Gomero language.

Some bienes enjoy international protection as World Heritage Sites or Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Roderic H. Davison
Roderic H. Davison (April 27, 1917 – March 23, 1996) was an American historian of the Middle East who taught at George Washington University from 1947 to 1993. He served as president of the Middle East Studies Association and the Turkish Studies Association, and as treasurer of the American Historical Association.

Middle East Studies Association
Middle East Studies Association (often referred to as MESA) is a learned society, and according to its website, "a non-profit association that fosters the study of the Middle East, promotes high standards of scholarship and teaching, and encourages public understanding of the region and its peoples through programs, publications and services that enhance education, further intellectual exchange, recognize professional distinction, and defend academic freedom".

Some critics have accused MESA of politicization and being dominated by academics critical of Israel and the United States. In 2007, the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa was founded as an ideological counterweight to MESA.
Zehlendorf (Berlin)
Zehlendorf (German: [ˈtseːlənˌdɔʁf] ⓘ) is a locality within the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf in Berlin. Before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform Zehlendorf was a borough in its own right, consisting of the locality of Zehlendorf as well as Wannsee, Nikolassee and Dahlem. Zehlendorf contains some of the most remarked upon natural settings in Berlin, including parts of the Grunewald forest and the Schlachtensee, Krumme Lanke and Waldsee lakes.  Additionally, it has large affluent residential neighborhoods, some with cobblestone streets and buildings that are over 100 years old.

Cobblestone
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring rounded forms less uniform in size.

It has been used across various cultures for millennia, particularly in Europe, and became especially prominent during the medieval and early modern periods. Today, cobblestone streets are often associated with historic preservation and are used in many cities to maintain the historical character of certain neighborhoods.