hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nationalism studies
Nationalism studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of nationalism and related issues.  While nationalism has been the subject of scholarly discussion since at least the late eighteenth century, it is only since the early 1990s that it has received enough attention for a distinct field to emerge.

Authors such as Eric Hobsbawm, Carlton J. H. Hayes, Hans Kohn, Elie Kedourie, John Hutchinson, Ernest Gellner, Karl Deutsch, Walker Connor, Anthony D. Smith, and Benedict Anderson laid the foundation for nationalism studies in the post-war period.  In the early 1990s their ideas were enthusiastically taken up by academics, journalists, and others looking to understand and explain the apparent resurgence of nationalism marked by events such as the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Rwanda genocide, and the Yugoslav Wars.

Carlton J. H. Hayes
Carlton Joseph Huntley Hayes (May 16, 1882 – September 2, 1964) was an American historian, educator, diplomat, devout Catholic and academic. A student of European history, he was a leading and pioneering specialist on the study of nationalism. He was elected as president of the American Historical Association over the opposition of liberals and the more explicit Anti-Catholic bias that defined the academic community of his era.  He served as United States Ambassador to Spain in World War II. Although he came under attack from the CIO and others on the left that rejected any dealings with Francoist Spain, Hayes succeeded in his mission to keep Spain neutral during the war.
Vitthalwadi, Mulshi
Vitthalwadi is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Maval taluka
Maval taluka is a taluka in Mawal subdivision of Pune district of state of Maharashtra in India.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the taluka comprised 187 villages, a figure that was unchanged from 2001. There were also three census towns at that time - Wadagaon, Khadkale and Kusgaon Budruk. The census towns had their own governing bodies, whilst the gram panchayats which governed the villages numbered 100; there were two villages - Ahirvade and Kamshet - which had no official governing body.
Cuban War of Independence
The Cuban War of Independence, fought from 1895 to 1898, was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). During the war, Spain sent 220,285 soldiers to Cuba—according to the Library of Congress, the largest army to cross the Atlantic until World War II. The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians.

William Rufus Shafter
William Rufus Shafter (October 16, 1835 – November 12, 1906) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War who received America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Fair Oaks. Shafter also played a prominent part as a major general in the Spanish–American War. Fort Shafter, Hawaii, is named for him, as well as the city of Shafter, California and the ghost town of Shafter, Texas. He was nicknamed "Pecos Bill", inspiration for the fictional character of the same name in tall tales.
Dikemark Hospital
Dikemark Hospital is a psychiatric hospital in Asker, Norway. The hospital was owned and managed by the municipality of Oslo but has been a part of Ullevål hospital since 2001.

It was opened in 1905, when the city council of Christiania bought the farm Dikemark, in Asker. Patients were moved from the "Christiania municipal insanity asylum" (Sindssygeasyl) to the newly established Dikemark psychiatric hospital.

The hospital consists of the following departments: National Coordination Unit for Sentences to Compulsory Mental Health Care, Psychosis Unit 1, Psychosis Unit 2, Regional Competence Service for Psychiatry and Developmental Disorders, Regional Section of Psychiatry and Developmental Disorders (PUA), Regional Security Section (RSA), Section for Psychosis Treatment and Security Psychiatric C.

In 1981, several film canisters containing the original cut of the 1928 silent film The Passion of Joan of Arc were discovered in a janitor closet in the hospital.

Asker Municipality (1838–2020)
Asker (Norwegian: Asker), also called Asker proper (Askerbygda or gamle Asker in Norwegian), is a district and former municipality in Akershus, Norway, located approximately 20km southwest of Oslo. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker (also known as Greater Asker) together with the traditional Buskerud districts Røyken and Hurum; Asker constitutes the northern fourth and is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative center was the town of Asker, which remains so for the new larger municipality. Asker was established as a parish in the Middle Ages and as a municipality on 1 January 1838.
Archdiocese of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz
The Archdiocese of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz (Latin: Archidioecesis Sanctae Fidei Verae Crucis is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Argentina. A metropolitan see, there are two suffragan sees in its ecclesiastical province: Rafaela and Reconquista.

Suffragan diocese
A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Episcopal Church, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and the Romanian Orthodox Church.

In the Catholic Church, although such a diocese is governed by its own bishop or ordinary, who is the suffragan bishop, the metropolitan archbishop has in its regard certain rights and duties of oversight. He has no power of governance within a suffragan diocese, but has some limited rights and duties to intervene in cases of neglect by the authorities of the diocese itself.
Sumanene
Sumanene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and of scientific interest because the molecule can be considered a fragment of buckminsterfullerene. Due to this connection and also its bowl shape, Sumanene is also known as a buckybowl. Suman means "flower" in both Hindi and Sanskrit. The core of the arene is a benzene ring and the periphery consists of alternating benzene rings (3) and cyclopentadiene rings (3). Unlike fullerene, sumanene has benzyl positions which are available for organic reactions.

Buckminsterfullerene
Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60. It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, and resembles a football. Each of its 60 carbon atoms is bonded to its three neighbors.

Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolves in hydrocarbon solvents to produce a purple solution. The substance was discovered in 1985 and has received intense study, although few real world applications have been found.

Molecules of buckminsterfullerene (or of fullerenes in general) are commonly nicknamed buckyballs.
Edgbaston Reserve
Edgbaston Reserve, formerly Edgbaston Station, is a 8,100-hectare (20,000-acre) nature reserve in central Queensland, Australia, 140 kilometres (87 mi) north-east of Longreach.  It lies in the upper catchment of Pelican Creek, which flows into the Thomson River and, ultimately, into Lake Eyre.  It lies within the Great Artesian Basin and is notable for its many artesian springs and their plants and animals.  It is owned and managed by Bush Heritage Australia (BHA), by which it was purchased in 2008.  The reserve is within the Bush Heritage anchor region, the Queensland Uplands and Brigalow Belt.

Thomson River (Queensland)
The Thomson River is a perennial river that forms part of the Lake Eyre Basin, situated in the central west and western regions of Queensland, Australia. Much of the course of the river comprises a series of narrow channels synonymous with the Channel Country and the Galilee subregion.

The river was named in 1847 by the explorer, Edmund Kennedy, in honour of The Hon. Sir Edward Deas Thomson KCMG, CMG, the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales at the time of discovery.
Mr. and Mrs. Khiladi
Mr. and Mrs. Khiladi (transl. Mr. and Mrs. Player) is a 1997 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by David Dhawan. The film was a remake of the 1992 Telugu film Aa Okkati Adakku,. which itself is based on the Tamil film Paaru Paaru Pattanam Paaru.

It stars Akshay Kumar and Juhi Chawla. Some scenes take place in Toronto,  Ontario, Canada. The fifth installment of the Khiladi series, Mr. and Mrs. Khiladi predominantly explores the comedy genre, unlike other films in the series. The film was a semi-hit at the box office.

Satish Kaushik
Satish Chandra Kaushik (13 April 1956 – 9 March 2023) was an Indian actor, director, producer, comedian, editor and screenwriter. He found fame in Bollywood with Mr. India starring Anil Kapoor, Sridevi, and Amrish Puri, where he played the iconic character of a cook named Calendar. He later directed films such as Tere Naam.
Kalajokilaakso
Kalajokilaakso stands for the "basin of Kalajoki river", located in Ostrobothnia, Finland. At the mouth of the river, lies the town of Kalajoki. The Kalajoki river runs to the Gulf of Bothnia of the Baltic Sea.

Municipalities along the Kalajoki river are Alavieska, Haapajärvi, Kalajoki, Nivala, Sievi and Ylivieska.

Kalajoki translates directly to "Fish River".

Kalajokilaakso is also the name of the local newspaper, established in 1930.

Kalajoki (river)
The Kalajoki (literally "Fish River") is a 113-kilometre (70 mi) river in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. The river's origin is at the Hautaperä reservoir and it flows northwest to its mouth is in Kalajoki municipality where the river flows into the Bothnian Bay of the Baltic Sea.

It offers cycling and hiking trails in forest for the tourists apart from the river landscapes, rural villages, and the seaside, where one can go surfing on the waves or on the frozen sea.

There are four hydroelectric dams along the river, including one with a flood-control reservoir on the river near Haapajärvi.
Amphinectomys
Amphinectomys savamis, also known as the Ucayali water rat or amphibious rat, is a rodent from the Peruvian Amazon. It is placed as the only member of genus Amphinectomys in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It is similar to Nectomys, but its discoverers considered it to be different enough (with more expansive interdigital webbing and a significantly broader interorbital region) to require its own genus. When it was described as a new genus in 1994, knowledge of the variation within Nectomys was much more limited than it is now, and it has been suggested that the status of the taxon be re-examined considering this new information. The species's karyotype, 2n = 52, falls within the known range of Nectomys (2n = 38 - 59).

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Earth religion
Earth religion or nature worship is a system of religion based on the veneration of natural phenomena. It covers any religion that worships the earth, nature, or fertility deity, such as the various forms of goddess worship or matriarchal religion. Some find a connection between earth-worship and the Gaia hypothesis. Earth religions are also formulated to allow one to utilize the knowledge of preserving the earth.

Native American religions
Native American religions, Native American faith or American Indian religions are the indigenous spiritual practices of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Ceremonial ways can vary widely and are based on the differing histories and beliefs of individual nations, tribes and bands. Early European explorers describe individual Native American tribes and even small bands as each having their own religious practices. Theology may be monotheistic, polytheistic, henotheistic, animistic, shamanistic, pantheistic or any combination thereof, among others. Traditional beliefs are usually passed down in the oral tradition forms of myths, oral histories, stories, allegories, and principles. Nowadays, as scholars note, many American Natives are having a renewed interest in their own traditions.
Dylan Horrocks
Dylan Horrocks (born 1966) is a New Zealand cartoonist best known for his graphic novel Hicksville and his scripts for the Batgirl comic book series.

His works are published by the University of Auckland student magazine Craccum, Australia's Fox Comics, the current affairs magazine New Zealand Listener from 1995 to 1997, the Canadian publishers Black Eye Comics and Drawn & Quarterly, and the American publishers Vertigo and Fantagraphics Books. He currently serialises new work online at Hicksville Comics.

Ongoing series
In comics, an ongoing series is a series that runs indefinitely. This is in contrast to limited series (a series intended to end after a certain number of issues thus limited), a one shot (a comic book which is not a part of an ongoing series), a graphic novel, or a trade paperback, but a series of graphic novels may be considered ongoing as well. The term may also informally refer to a current or incomplete limited series with a predetermined number of issues.
Elena Nikolaeva (politician)
Elena Leonidovna Nikolaeva (Russian: Елена Леонидовна Николаева, born 22 November 1969 in Dolgoprudny) is a Russian politician and businesswoman. She graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1993 and obtained the degree of Candidate of Sciences from the Lomonosov University in 2011. She has been a member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation since 2011.

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; Russian: Московский физико-технический институт, also known as PhysTech), is a public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares specialists in theoretical and applied physics, applied mathematics and related disciplines.

The main MIPT campus is located in Dolgoprudny, a northern suburb of Moscow. However the Aeromechanics Department is based in Zhukovsky, a suburb south-east of Moscow.

As Phystech's founder, Pyotr Kapitsa, designed the institute inspired by and in accordance with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology model, Phystech is commonly hailed as the "MIT of Russia" and is considered to be the leading specialized technical institution of higher education in the former Soviet Union.

The rector Dmitry Livanov and Nikolay Kudryavtsev, the president of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, both have signed a letter of support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Wings of Youth (1925 film)
Wings of Youth is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by Emmett J. Flynn and written by Bernard McConville. The film stars Ethel Clayton, Madge Bellamy, Charles Farrell, Freeman Wood, Robert Cain, and Katherine Perry. The film was released on May 21, 1925, by Fox Film Corporation.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Cardadeu Tomàs Balvey Museum-Archive
The Cardadeu Tomàs Balvey Museum-Archive (Catalan: Museu-Arxiu Tomàs Balvey), in Cardedeu, Vallès Oriental, is organised around the legacy of Tomàs Balvey i Bas (1865–1954), the last of a line of apothecaries in Cardedeu. The theme of the museum is based on the pharmacy and its pharmacist, focusing on the world of illness, remedies and health. The Museum-Archive is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network and of the Catalan Pharmacy Museum Network.

Vallès Oriental
Vallés Oriental (Spanish pronunciation: [baˈʎes oɾiˈenta]) is a comarca (county) in the Barcelona region in Catalonia (Spain). Its capital is Granollers. Along with Vallès Occidental it forms the historical Vallès region.

In May 2015, Vallès Oriental lost four municipalities - Castellcir, Castellterçol, Granera, Sant Quirze Safaja - to the new comarca of Moianès.
Radó's theorem (harmonic functions)
See also Rado's theorem (Ramsey theory)

In mathematics, Radó's theorem is a result about harmonic functions, named after Tibor Radó. Informally, it says that any "nice looking" shape without holes can be smoothly deformed into a disk.

Suppose Ω is an open, connected and convex subset of the Euclidean space R2 with smooth boundary ∂Ω and suppose that D is the unit disk. Then, given any homeomorphism
μ : ∂D → ∂Ω, there exists a unique harmonic function u : D → Ω such that u = μ on ∂D and u is a diffeomorphism.

Boundary (topology)
In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points in the closure of S not belonging to the interior of S. An element of the boundary of S is called a boundary point of S. The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set.  Notations used for boundary of a set S include   and .
2004 Trophée des Champions
The 2004 Trophée des Champions was a football match held at Stade Pierre de Coubertin, Cannes on 31 July 2004, that saw 2003–04 Ligue 1 champions Olympique Lyonnais defeat 2003–04 Coupe de France winners Paris Saint-Germain 7–6 on penalty kicks after a draw of 1–1.

Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Cannes)
Stade Pierre de Coubertin is a multi-purpose stadium in Cannes, France. The stadium was opened in 1937. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of AS Cannes. The stadium capacity is 9,819 people.
Calocomus rodingeri
Calocomus rodingeri is a large desert beetle, measuring up to 7 cm (2.8 in). It is highly elusive, rare and poorly known, found in the coastal desert region of Ica, in southern Peru. The type specimen is held at NMNH United States National Museum, Washington DC, USA.

The species has been found several times, since rediscovery in 2007, in riparian woodland oases around the Nasca, Ica region, Peru.

The species is associated with both huarango espino (Prosopis limensis and Acacia macracantha) dry forest and associated marginal seasonal river reed beds of Arundo donax and Phragmites. It might also have a lifecycle association with Salix humboldtiana where adults have also been found. It is thought that the larvae may live in, and consume, the reed root balls until adult development after several years.

Arundo donax
Arundo donax is a tall perennial cane. It is one of several so-called reed species. It has several common names including giant cane, elephant grass, carrizo, arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado river reed, wild cane, and giant reed. Arundo and donax are respectively the old Latin and Greek names for reed.

Arundo donax grows in damp soils, either fresh or moderately saline, and is native to the Greater Middle East. It has been widely planted and naturalised in the mild temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of both hemispheres, especially in the Mediterranean, California, the western Pacific and the Caribbean and is considered invasive in North America and Oceania. It forms dense stands on disturbed sites, sand dunes, in wetlands and riparian habitats.
Johan Wallberg
Johan Mikael Wallberg (born 18 March 1977 in Karlsborg, Sweden) is a former freestyle swimmer from Sweden. He competed twice at the Summer Olympics for his native country, in 1996 and 2000, both in the Men's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay. After his active career he became coach for Swedish swimmer Therese Alshammar. During the autumn of 2016, he became coach for Sarah Sjöström.

Karlsborg
Karlsborg (Swedish: [kaɭsˈbɔrj], outdatedly [ˈkɑ̂ːɭsbɔrj]) is a locality and the seat of Karlsborg Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 3,551 inhabitants in 2010. This garrison town lies at the shore of lake Vättern in Västergötland.
Janusz Zawadzki
Janusz Zawadzki (27 April 1931 – 19 January 1977) was a Polish ice hockey player. He played for Legia Warsaw and Górnik Katowice during his career. He won the Polish league championship twice, with Legia in 1953 and with Górnik in 1958. Zawadzki also played for the Polish national team at the 1956 Winter Olympics, and the 1957 and 1959 World Championship.

Ekstraklasa (ice hockey)
The Polish ice hockey Ekstraklasa (Polish: Ekstraliga polska w hokeju na lodzie) was the premier ice hockey league in Poland. Previously, it was known as the I Liga or Ekstraklasa from 1926–1999, and the Polska Liga Hokejowa from 1999–2013. In 2013, it was reorganized as a limited liability company and renamed the Polska Hokej Liga.
Franz Anton Knittel
Franz Anton Knittel  (April 3, 1721 – December 10, 1792) was a German, Lutheran orthodox theologian, priest, and palaeographer. He examined palimpsests' text of the Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis and deciphered text of Codex Carolinus. He was the author of many works.

Lutheran orthodoxy
Lutheran orthodoxy was an era in the history of Lutheranism, which began in 1580 from the writing of the Book of Concord and ended at the Age of Enlightenment. Lutheran orthodoxy was paralleled by similar eras in Calvinism and tridentine Roman Catholicism after the Counter-Reformation.

Lutheran scholasticism was a theological method that gradually developed during the era of Lutheran orthodoxy. Theologians used the neo-Aristotelian form of presentation, already popular in academia, in their writings and lectures. They defined the Lutheran faith and defended it against the polemics of opposing parties.