hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karkaraly
Karkaraly (Kazakh: Қарқаралы, Qarqaraly) (Russian: Каркаралинскⓘ, Karkaralinsk), also known as Karkaralinsk, is the capital of the Karkaraly District in the Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan. Permanent settlement in the area began as a Cossack settlement, which evolved into a Kazakh cultural center due to the Koyandy Fair which took place in the town. Its population was 9,212 as of 2009.

Mukhtar Auezov
Mukhtar Omarkhanuli Auezov (Kazakh: Mūhtar Omarhanūly Äuezov, Мұхтар Омарханұлы Әуезов, مۇحتار ومارحانۇلى اۋەزوۆ, Kazakh pronunciation: [mo̙χtɑɾ ɔmɑɾˈχɑno̙lɯ æwˈjezəf]; Russian: Мухта́р Омарха́нович Ауэ́зов, Mukhtar Omarkhanovich Auezov; 28 September 1897 – 27 June 1961) was a Kazakh writer, a social activist, a Doctor of Philology, and an honored academician of the Soviet Union (1946).

Auezov's writings were influenced by the Kazakh poet Abai Qunanbaiuly. Auezov's father Omarkhan and grandfather Auez both highly revered the poet, who was a neighbour and a friend of the Auezov family. His grandfather was a storyteller of folk tales, and taught his grandson to read and write.
Anal sinuses
An anal sinus (rectal sinus) is a furrow formed between any two adjacent anal columns of the anal canal. An anal sinus is limited inferiorly by an anal valve (which unites the inferior ends of a pair of adjacent anal columns). The anal glands open into the anal sinuses.

Anal gland
The anal glands or anal sacs are small glands near the anus in many mammals. They are situated in between the external anal sphincter muscle and internal anal sphincter muscle. In non-human mammals, the secretions of the anal glands contain mostly volatile organic compounds with a strong odor, and they are thus functionally involved in communication. Depending upon the species, they may be involved in territory marking, individual identification, and sexual signalling, as well as defense (such as in skunks). Their function in humans is unclear.

Sebaceous glands within the lining secrete a liquid that is used for identification of members within a species. These sacs are found in many species of carnivorans, including wolves, bears, sea otters and kinkajous.
Tkacz
Tkacz is a Polish occupational surname meaning "weaver". Notable people with this surname include:

Andrzej Tkacz (born 1946), Polish ice hockey player

Dawid Tkacz (born 2005), Polish footballer

Małgorzata Tkacz-Janik (born 1965), Polish feminist and politician

Nathaniel Tkacz, Swedish-Australian academic

Virlana Tkacz (born 1952), American theatre director

Wojciech Tkacz (born 1969), Polish ice hockey player

Nathaniel Tkacz
Nathaniel Tkacz is a Swedish-Australian scholar of digital media who is currently Reader at the University of Warwick. His research on Wikipedia has been influential in media studies and organisational theory. Tkacz has described his work as investigating "the political, economic and organisational dimensions of technology, with a specific focus on networked and digital forms".
Pied cuckooshrike
The pied cuckooshrike (Coracina bicolor) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae.
It is endemic to Indonesia, where it is found in Sulawesi. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical mangrove forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Cuckooshrike
The cuckooshrikes and allies in the family Campephagidae are small to medium-sized passerine bird species found in the subtropical and tropical Africa, Asia and Australasia. The 107 species are divided into 11 genera. The woodshrikes (Tephrodornis) were often considered to be in this family but are now placed in their own family, Vangidae, along with the philentomas and the flycatcher-shrikes. Another genus, Chlamydochaera, which has one species, the black-breasted fruithunter, was often placed in this family but has now been shown to be a thrush (Turdidae).
Randy Richardville
Randall "Randy" Richardville (born August 15, 1959) is a Michigan Republican, who served as Majority Leader of the Michigan State Senate until his tenure ended January 1, 2015 due to term limits. He was state senator for the 17th district, which consists of all of Monroe, southern Washtenaw, and eastern Jackson counties, having taken office on January 1, 2007. He previously served in the Michigan House of Representatives for the 56th District from 1998 to 2004. This district covered the area of northeast Monroe County, Michigan.

Michigan's 17th Senate district
Michigan's 17th Senate district is one of 38 districts in the Michigan Senate. The 17th district was created by the 1850 Michigan Constitution, as the 1835 constitution only permitted a maximum of eight senate districts. It has been represented by Republican Jonathan Lindsey since 2023, succeeding fellow Republican Dale Zorn.
Kernascléden
Kernascléden (French pronunciation: [kɛʁnaskledɛn]; Breton: Kernaskledenn) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France. Kernascléden is renowned for its church which dates from he fifteenth century. It is a masterpiece of flamboyant gothic architecture.

Morbihan
The Morbihan (/mɔːrbiˈɒ̃/ mor-bee-ON; French: [mɔʁbi(j)ɑ̃]; Breton: Mor-Bihan [moːrˈbiː(h)ãn]) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 759,684 in 2019. It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.

Three major military educational facilities are located in Guer, including École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, the national military academy for officers.
Lami's theorem
In physics, Lami's theorem is an equation relating the magnitudes of three coplanar, concurrent and  non-collinear force vectors, which keeps an object in static equilibrium, with the angles directly opposite to the corresponding vectors. According to the theorem,

where  are the magnitudes of the three coplanar, concurrent and non-collinear vectors, , which keep the object in static equilibrium, and  are the angles directly opposite to the vectors, thus satisfying .

Lami's theorem is applied in static analysis of mechanical and structural systems.  The theorem is named after Bernard Lamy.

Concurrent lines
In geometry, lines in a plane or higher-dimensional space are concurrent if they intersect at a single point.

The set of all lines through a point is called a pencil, and their common intersection is called the vertex of the pencil.

In any affine space (including a Euclidean space) the set of lines parallel to a given line (sharing the same direction) is also called a pencil, and the vertex of each pencil of parallel lines is a distinct point at infinity; including these points results in a projective space in which every pair of lines has an intersection.
Resource-based relative value scale
Resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) is a schema used to determine how much money medical providers should be paid. It is partially used by Medicare in the United States and by nearly all health maintenance organizations (HMOs).

RBRVS assigns procedures performed by a physician or other medical provider a relative value which is adjusted by geographic region (so a procedure performed in Manhattan is worth more than a procedure performed in Dallas). This value is then multiplied by a fixed conversion factor, which changes annually, to determine the amount of payment.

RBRVS determines prices based on three separate factors: physician work (54%), practice expense (41%), and malpractice expense (5%).

The procedure codes and their associated RVUs are made publicly available by CMS as the Physician Fee Schedule.

Medical procedure
A medical procedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the delivery of healthcare.

A medical procedure with the intention of determining, measuring, or diagnosing a patient condition or parameter is also called a medical test. Other common kinds of procedures are therapeutic (i.e., intended to treat, cure, or restore function or structure), such as surgical and physical rehabilitation procedures.
Ontario Lacus
Ontario Lacus is a lake composed of methane, ethane, propane, and butane near the south pole of Saturn's moon Titan. Its character as a hydrocarbon lake was confirmed by observations from the Cassini spacecraft, published in the 31 July 2008 edition of Nature. Ontario Lacus has a surface area of about 15,000 square kilometers (5,800 sq mi), about 20% smaller than its terrestrial namesake, Lake Ontario in North America. In April 2012, it was announced that it may be more like a mudflat or salt pan.

Butane
Butane (/ˈbjuːteɪn/) is an alkane with the formula C4H10. Butane exists as two isomers, n-butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3 and iso-butane, (CH3)3CH.  Both isomers are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature and pressure. Butanes are a trace component of natural gases, which contain higher concentrations of other hydrocarbons such as propane, ethane, and especially methane. Liquefied petroleum gas is a mixture of propane and some butanes.

The name butane comes from the root but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and the suffix -ane (for organic compounds).
Herbert H. Shaw
Herbert H. Shaw (February 16, 1930–c. January 2016) was an American maintenance worker, political gadfly, anti-corruption activist, and prominent perennial candidate from Hudson County, New Jersey who ran for elected office more than 75 times over five decades under the "Politicians Are Crooks" banner.

Gadfly (philosophy and social science)
A gadfly is a person who interferes with the status quo of a society or community by posing novel, potentially upsetting questions, usually directed at authorities. The term has a modern use but it was originally associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, as portrayed in Plato's Apology when Socrates was on trial for his life.
Cosmocampus arctus
Cosmocampus arctus (snubnose pipefish) is a species of marine fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found from Tomales Bay, California, to Mazatlan, Mexico, and throughout the Gulf of California. It lives on rocky or coral reefs, among eelgrass and other seaweeds, and among algae. It inhabits depths to 10m, where it can grow to lengths of 12 cm. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs in a brood pouch before giving birth to live young. Monogamous mating has also been observed in this species.

Gulf of California
The Gulf of California (Spanish: Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés (Mar de Cortés) or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (Mar Vermejo), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California peninsula from the Mexican mainland. It is bordered by the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa with a coastline of approximately 4,000 km (2,500 mi). Rivers that flow into the Gulf of California include the Colorado, Fuerte, Mayo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and the Yaqui. The surface of the gulf is about 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi). Maximum depths exceed 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) because of the complex geology, linked to plate tectonics.

The gulf is thought to be one of the most diverse seas on Earth and is home to more than 5,000 species of micro-invertebrates. Parts of the Gulf of California are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Barrington Moore Sr.
Barrington Moore Sr. (25 September 1883–1966) was an American forester and forestry researcher. He served as the fourth president of the Ecological Society of America and as the first editor-in-chief of its journal, Ecology. Moore chaired the Society of American Foresters' (SAF) Committee on Forest Policy, served as editor-in-chief of its Journal of Forestry, and represented the society on the National Research Council's biology division. Moore also served as secretary of the Council on National Parks, Forests, and Wildlife and as associate curator of woods and forestry at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

Society of American Foresters
The Society of American Foresters (SAF) is a professional organization representing the forestry industry in the United States. Its mission statement declares that it seeks to "advance the science, education, and practice of forestry; to enhance the competency of its members; to establish professional excellence; and, to use the knowledge, skills and conservation ethic of the profession to ensure the continued health and use of forest ecosystems and the present and future availability of forest resources to benefit society". Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C.
1953 Aston Martin Owners Club Formula 2 Race
The 2nd Aston Martin Owners Club Formula 2 Race was a Formula Two motor race held on 18 April 1953 at Snetterton Circuit, Norfolk. The race was run over 10 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Eric Thompson in a Connaught Type A-Lea Francis. Bob Gerard in a Cooper T23-Bristol was second and Peter Whitehead in a Cooper T24-Alta was third. Bobbie Baird in a Ferrari 500 set fastest lap.

Alta Car and Engineering Company
The Alta Car and Engineering Company was a British sports and racing car manufacturer, commonly known simply as Alta. Their cars contested five FIA World Championship races between 1950 and 1952, as well as Grand Prix events prior to this. They also supplied engines to a small number of other constructors, most notably the Connaught and HWM teams.
Hillsborough disaster Wikipedia posts
The Hillsborough disaster Wikipedia posts was an incident of vandalism edits on various Wikipedia articles, mostly the Hillsborough disaster article, via the use of British Government computers, causing a British Government scandal. On 24 April 2014, Oliver Duggan, in the Liverpool Echo, reported that users of computers that used IP addresses registered to the Government Secure Intranet (which is used by many of the United Kingdom's government departments) had added derogatory and offensive material to Wikipedia articles, particularly the article about the Hillsborough disaster. The vandalism was quickly re-reported by other media, and subsequent reports highlighted other acts of vandalism, on various articles, originated by computers using those IP addresses. After an investigation by The Daily Telegraph and Wikipediocracy, the person behind the edits was identified as a "junior civil servant" within the UK government who was dismissed.

Liverpool Echo
The Liverpool Echo is a local newspaper published by Reach plc and is based in Liverpool, England. It is published Monday through Sunday, and is Liverpool's daily newspaper. Until January 13, 2012, it had a sister morning paper, the Liverpool Daily Post. Between July and December 2025, it had an average daily circulation of 7,645.

Historically, the newspaper was published by the Liverpool Daily Post & Echo Ltd. Its office is in St Paul's Square, Liverpool, having downsized from Old Hall Street in March 2018.
Airman's coin
The Airman's coin is a challenge coin that is awarded to United States Air Force enlisted Airmen upon completion of Basic Military Training at Lackland AFB, Texas. After the award of the coin the individual is no longer referred to as "trainee," but as "airman," marking the successful completion of the first phase of training in becoming an airman in the United States Air Force.

Lackland Air Force Base
Lackland Air Force Base (IATA: SKF, ICAO: KSKF, FAA LID: SKF) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base located in Bexar County, Texas, United States. The base is under the jurisdiction of the 802d Mission Support Group, Air Education and Training Command (AETC) and an enclave of the city of San Antonio. It is the only site for USAF and United States Space Force enlisted Basic Military Training (BMT).

Lackland AFB is part of Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), an amalgamation of Fort Sam Houston, Randolph AFB and Lackland AFB, which were merged on 1 October 2010. JBSA was established in accordance with congressional legislation implementing the recommendations of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission. The legislation ordered the consolidation of the three facilities which were adjoining, but separate military installations, into a single joint base – one of 12 joint bases formed in the United States as a result of the law.
Pinto Itamaraty
José Eleonildo Soares, better known as Pinto Itamaraty (born May 10, 1960 in São Luís) is a Brazilian politician. He was alderman (2001–2007) and federal deputy (2007–2015). Itamaraty served as senator from Maranhão.

Maranhão
Maranhão (/ˌmɑːrəˈnjaʊn/, MAH-rə-NYOWN; Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [maɾɐˈɲɐ̃w] ⓘ) is a state in Brazil. Located in the country's Northeast Region, it has a population of about 7 million and an area of 332,000 km2 (128,000 sq mi) and it is divided into 217 municipalities. Clockwise from north, it borders on the Atlantic Ocean for 2,243 km and the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent within the common Northeastern Brazilian dialect. Maranhão is described in literary works such as Exile Song by Gonçalves Dias and Casa de Pensão by Aluísio Azevedo.

The dunes of Lençóis are an important area of environmental preservation. Also of interest is the state capital of São Luís, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Another important conservation area is the Parnaíba River delta, between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, with its lagoons, desert dunes and deserted beaches or islands, such as Caju island, which shelters rare birds.
1931 Clarence state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Clarence on 7 March 1931 following the death of Alfred Pollack (Country). There were three candidates endorsed by the Country Party

Alfred Pollack
Alfred John Pollack (1878 – 30 January 1931) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Grafton to public servant Samuel Francis Pollack and Caroline Margaret, née Marsden. He attended school in Grafton and Armidale before becoming a solicitor in 1904. He married Janet Louisa Watson in 1903, with whom he had seven children. He was first a partner with McGuren and Pollack and then Pollack and Collins. He served in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Country Party member for Clarence from 1927 until his death at Cremorne in 1931.
The New Jazz Composers Octet
The New Jazz Composers Octet is an all-acoustic jazz ensemble founded by trumpeter/arranger David Weiss in 1996.  NPR's Josh Jackson described them as "part New York hustle and part writer's workshop, all of it redolent with the aroma of newness."  The title track of The Turning Gate won the group a Chamber Music Association grant.

Jimmy Greene
James Sidney Greene, Jr. (born February 24, 1975) is an American jazz saxophonist, gospel musician, recording artist, record producer, and music professor. He started his music career in 1997, and has since released eight studio albums. His eighth studio album, Beautiful Life, was his breakthrough release upon the Billboard magazine charts. It also received his first Grammy Award nominations.
Jerry Kerr
John "Jerry" Kerr (1 June 1912 – 8 November 1999) was a Scottish football player and manager, best known as manager of Dundee United from 1959 to 1971. He is credited with taking the club from third bottom of the Scottish League to being an established side in the Scottish top tier. He became the first manager of a British club to win a competitive game in Spain when United won home and away against F.C. Barcelona in the 1966-67 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.

Berwick Rangers F.C.
Berwick Rangers Football Club is a football team based in the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England, who play in the Scottish football system. Founded in 1884, they currently play in the Lowland League, the fifth tier of Scottish football, despite being based in England. They were the only club from outside Scotland in the Scottish Professional Football League until their relegation in 2019.
Vivi (name)
Vivi is a given name and surname.

People with the name Vivi include:

Gino Vivi (born 2000), Costa Rican footballer

Vivi Bach (1939–2013), Danish actress and singer

Vivi Fernandez (born 1977), Brazilian model

Vivi Flindt (born 1943), Danish ballerina

Vivi Friedman (1967–2012), Finnish film director

Vivi Gioi (1917–1975), Italian actress

Vivi Jiang (born 1988), Chinese pop singer

Vivi Krogh (1919–2014), Norwegian anti-immigration activist

Vivi Sylwan (1870-1961), Swedish textile historian and textile curator at the Röhsska Museum in Gothenburg.

Vivi Zigler, American television executive

Albert Vivancos (born 1994), commonly known as Vivi, Spanish footballer

ViVi (born 1996), stage name of Wong Ka Hei, Hong Kong born singer based in South Korea, member of Loona, Loona 1/3, and Loossemble

Röhsska Museum
The Röhsska Museum (Swedish: Röhsska museet, earlier named Röhsska konstslöjdsmuseet, also known as Design Museum), is located in Gothenburg, Sweden. It is a museum focused on design, fashion and applied arts.

The museum collection consists of over 50,000 objects.  The majority of the collection consists of handicraft and design products from Sweden and Europe and arts and crafts from Japan and China. The museum also holds a very fine collection of fashion from the 20th and 21st centuries, including many haute couture garments from Paris and other famous fashion designs from all over the world. Today, the Röhsska Museum mainly collects contemporaneous material and the museum seeks to achieve a dialogue with its users on contemporary phenomena and expression.
Jean-Pierre Cassel
Jean-Pierre Cassel (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ kasɛl]; born Jean-Pierre Crochon; 27 October 1932 – 19 April 2007) was a French actor and dancer. A popular star of French cinema, he was initially known for his comedy film appearances, though he also proved a gifted dramatic actor, and accrued over 200 film and television credits in a career spanning over 50 years.

He worked with many notable directors, including Luis Buñuel, Abel Gance, Jean Renoir, Claude Chabrol, Sidney Lumet, Joseph Losey, Chantal Akerman and Robert Altman. He was nominated for a César Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in La Cérémonie (1995).

Cassel was also the father of actor Vincent Cassel, actress/singer Cécile Cassel, and rapper Mathias Cassel.

César Award for Best Supporting Actor
The César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (French: César du meilleur second rôle masculin) is one of the César Awards, presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a supporting role of an actor who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie.
Arab Region (World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts)
The WAGGGS-Arab Region (Arabic: الإقليم العربي بالجمعية العالمية للمرشدات وفتيات الكشافة) is the divisional office of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, headquartered in Cairo, Egypt. The WAGGGS-Arab Region comprises 17 members of Guiding in Western Asia and North Africa, including Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

This region is the counterpart of the Arab Scout Region of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.