hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ATOH8 (gene)
Atonal bHLH transcription factor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATOH8 gene. It is hypothesized to play a role endochondral ossification as a regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. In addition, it also participates in the chondrogenesis of limb bud mesenchymal progenitor cells.

Mesenchyme
Mesenchyme (/ˈmɛsənkaɪm ˈmiːzən-/) is a type of loosely organized animal embryonic connective tissue of undifferentiated cells that give rise to many tissues, such as skin, blood, or bone. The interactions between mesenchyme and epithelium help to form nearly every organ in the developing embryo.
North East Rand (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
North East Rand (Afrikaans: Nordoos-Rand) was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed in three periods between 1924 and 1966. As the name implies, it covered the northeastern parts of the Witwatersrand conurbation. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal Provincial Council
The Transvaal Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Transvaal Province in South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910, and replaced the Transvaal Legislative Assembly which had been created through self-government in 1907. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The Provincial Council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
Wiwon Dam
The Wiwon Dam or Weiyuan Dam is a gravity dam on the Yalu River between China and North Korea. It is located 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Ji'an in Jilin Province, China and Wiwon in Chagang Province, North Korea. It was constructed between 1979 and 1987. The dam's six 65 MW generators were commissioned in 1987 and 1988. It is jointly owned and operated by China and North Korea.

Chagang Province
Chagang Province (Korean: 자강도; MR: Chagang-do; Korean pronunciation: [tɕa.ɡaŋ.do]) is a province of North Korea; it is bordered by China's Jilin and Liaoning provinces to the north, Ryanggang and South Hamgyong to the east, South Pyongan to the south, and North Pyongan to the west.  Chagang was formed in 1949, after being demarcated from North Pyongan.  The provincial capital is Kanggye. Before 2019, Chagang was the only province of North Korea  completely inaccessible to tourists, possibly due to weapons factories and nuclear weapon facilities located there. In 2019 the city of Manpo became accessible to tourists. In May 2018, the province became a "Special Songun (military first) Revolutionary Zone" in relations to concealing the nuclear weapon and weapon's factories within the province.
William Holbech (MP for Banbury)
William Holbech (1748 – 6 July 1812) was an English politician from Warwickshire. He sat in the House of Commons of Great Britain for two years in the 1790s.

He was the oldest son of Hugh Holbech of Whitley Hall and his wife Catherine, daughter of Col. Robert Cornewall. He was educated at Rugby School, Eton College, and Trinity College, Oxford. In 1772, he married Anne, the daughter of William Woodhouse, from Lichfield; they had five sons and two daughters.

In 1771, aged 23, he inherited (from his uncle William Holbech) his grandfather's estates at Farnborough Hall, Warwickshire, Mollington, Oxfordshire and Radston, Northamptonshire.

He was elected at a by-election in 1794 as the member of parliament (MP) for Lord Guilford's family borough of Banbury.  However, at the next election in 1796, Lord Guilford imposed his own candidate.

He was an ancestor of the Rev. Charles Holbech.

Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Banbury is a constituency in Oxfordshire created in 1553 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Its current MP is Sean Woodcock of the Labour Party, who gained the seat at the 2024 general election.
Imerio Massignan
Imerio Massignan (2 January 1937 – 3 May 2024) was an Italian professional road cyclist. A pure climber, he debuted as professional in the 1959 Giro d'Italia, finishing 5th overall. This was followed by a series of good placements in the subsequent editions, including a 2nd overall in the 1962 Giro behind Franco Balmamion.

At the Tour de France he won the Mountains classification in 1960 and 1961, when he also finished 4th overall. In the latter season he also obtained a second place in the Giro di Lombardia.

Massignan retired in 1970. He died in Novi Ligure on 3 May 2024, at the age of 87.

1961 Tour de France
The 1961 Tour de France was the 48th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 25 June and 16 July, with 21 stages covering a distance of 4,397 km (2,732 mi). Out of the 132 riders who started the tour, 72 managed to complete the tour's tough course. Throughout the 1961 Tour de France, two of the French national team's riders, André Darrigade and Jacques Anquetil held the yellow jersey for the entirety 21 stages. There was a great deal of excitement between the second and third places, concluding with Guido Carlesi stealing Charly Gaul's second-place position on the last day by two seconds.
Toxalbumin
Toxalbumins are toxic plant proteins that disable ribosomes and thereby inhibit protein synthesis, producing severe cytotoxic effects in multiple organ systems. They are dimers held together by a disulfide bond and comprise a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) part which binds to the cell membrane and enables the toxin part to gain access to the cell contents. Toxalbumins are similar in structure to AB toxins found in cholera, tetanus, diphtheria, botulinum and others; and their physiological and toxic properties are similar to those of viperine snake venom.

Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity refers to the capacity of a substance or agent to cause damage or death to living cells, reflecting a critical parameter in pharmacology, toxicology, and biomedicine. It is distinct from cytostatic effects, which inhibit cell growth and proliferation without causing cell death. Cytotoxic agents can induce a range of cellular responses, including inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death, and disruption of metabolic or structural cellular integrity. Assessing cytotoxicity is fundamental for evaluating the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, chemicals, and biomaterials, as it helps predict potential adverse effects and guides therapeutic development.

Various assays—based on enzyme activity, membrane permeability, metabolic activity, or cell proliferation—are routinely employed to characterize and quantify cytotoxic effects in vitro, providing essential insights into cell viability and the mechanisms underlying toxic responses.
1862 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1862.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story
Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story is a 2001 American television miniseries directed by Brian Henson. A co-production of Hallmark Entertainment and The Jim Henson Company, it is based on the classic English tale "Jack and the Beanstalk". The story was considerably reworked to reflect what Henson believed to be a more ethical, humanist view. The cast includes Matthew Modine (as the modern-day descendant of Jack), Mia Sara (as a mysterious woman attempting to bring him to justice for the murder of a giant), Jon Voight (as the descendant's greedy manager intending to inherit the company), and Vanessa Redgrave (an elderly relative of the descendant). Richard Attenborough, Daryl Hannah, and James Corden play giants.

Among the other giants in the film are beings from various cultures including Hebrew, Buddhist, and Nordic.

Halcyon Studios
Halcyon Studios, LLC, formerly known as Sonar Entertainment, RHI Entertainment, Hallmark Entertainment, Qintex Entertainment, HRI Group and Robert Halmi Inc., was an American entertainment company specializing in the production and distribution of scripted television content, part of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment. It was founded in 1979 by Robert Halmi Jr. and Robert Halmi Sr. (1924–2014) as Robert Halmi, Inc. The company used the direct-to-series model for TV series. In July 2024, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment was placed in Chapter 7 liquidation, which would instigate the cessation of its subsidiaries, including Halcyon Studios.
Last Exit to Brooklyn
Last Exit to Brooklyn is a 1964 novel by American author Hubert Selby Jr. The novel takes a harsh, uncompromising look at lower class Brooklyn in the 1950s written in spare, stripped-down prose.

Critics and fellow writers praised the book on its release. Due to its frank portrayals of taboo subjects, such as drug use, street violence, gang rape, homophobia, prostitution, and domestic violence, it was the subject of an obscenity trial in the United Kingdom and was banned in Italy.

Violence
Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain, injury, disablement, death, damage and destruction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.
1991 VFA season
The 1991 VFA season was the 110th season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), an Australian rules football competition played in the state of Victoria. The season began on 6 April and concluded on 22 September, comprising an 18-match home-and-away season over 20 rounds, followed by a four-week finals series.

The premiership was won by the Dandenong Football Club for the third time, after it defeated Werribee by nine points in the 1991 VFA Grand Final. It was the club's final premiership before it withdrew from the Association at the end of the 1994 season.

1994 VFA season
The 1994 VFA season was the 113th season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), an Australian rules football competition played in the state of Victoria.

The premiership was won by the Sandringham Football Club, after it defeated Box Hill in the grand final on 25 September by nine points; it was the fifth premiership won by the club.

This was the final season contested under the administration of the VFA as an independent body, before control of the competition was ceded to the Victorian State Football League (VSFL) at the end of the year.
Morris Berman
Morris Berman (born August 3, 1944) is an American historian and social critic. He earned a BA in mathematics at Cornell University in 1966 and a PhD in the history of science at Johns Hopkins University in 1971. Berman is an academic humanist cultural critic who specializes in Western cultural and intellectual history.

Cultural critic
A cultural critic is a critic of a given culture, usually as a whole. Cultural criticism has significant overlap with social and cultural theory. While such criticism is simply part of the self-consciousness of the culture, the social positions of the critics and the medium they use vary widely. The conceptual and political grounding of criticism also changes over time.
Esther Quintana Salinas
Esther Quintana Salinas (born 1 July 1951) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN). In 2012–2015 she served as a federal deputy in the 62nd session of Congress, representing Coahuila's seventh district. Between 2009 and 2012 she served in the 58th session of the Congress of Coahuila.

Congress of Coahuila
The Congress of the State of Coahuila de Zaragoza (Spanish: Congreso del Estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza) is the state legislature of Coahuila, a state of Mexico. The Congress is unicameral.

The Congress has 25 members: 16 elected in single-member districts via first-past-the-post voting and 9 elected via proportional representation.
Nice 'n' Sleazy
"Nice 'n' Sleazy" is a single by The Stranglers from the 'white' side of their 1978 album, Black and White. It reached number 18 in the UK Singles Chart. The single's cover pictured a victim of the Boston Strangler.

Strippers embellished the song during the band's headline set at Battersea Park on 16 September 1978. "The Stranglers booked some strippers to up the show's visual aspect," recalled photographer Barry Plummer. "But some of the lads in the audience got a bit carried away and also stripped completely naked. Eventually the police were called and took down all of the young ladies' particulars."

Battersea Park
Battersea Park is a 200-acre (83-hectare) green space at Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth in London. It is situated on the south bank of the River Thames opposite Chelsea and was opened in 1858.

The park occupies marshland reclaimed from the Thames and land formerly used for market gardens. The park is Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
HIAS
HIAS, founded as the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, is an international Jewish humanitarian nonprofit organization that provides services to refugees, asylum seekers, and displaced people. It was established between 1881 and 1903 to help Eastern European Jewish immigrants to the United States escaping antisemitic persecution and violence. In 1975, the State Department asked HIAS to aid in resettling Vietnam refugees. Since that time, the organization has continued to provide support for refugees of all nationalities, religions and ethnic origins.

Working with host communities, HIAS works with refugees, asylum seekers, and other forcibly displaced and stateless persons. HIAS has offices in the United States and across Latin America, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Since its inception, HIAS has helped resettle more than 4.5 million people.

Infobase
Infobase is an American publisher of databases, reference book titles and textbooks geared towards the North American library, secondary school, and university-level curriculum markets. Infobase operates a number of prominent imprints, including Facts On File, Films for the Humanities & Sciences, Cambridge Educational, Ferguson Publishing, Vault Law, Omnigraphics, and Chelsea House (which also serves as the imprint for the special collection series, "Bloom's Literary Criticism", under the direction of literary critic Harold Bloom).
Watauga, Tennessee
Watauga /wəˈtɔːɡə/ is a city in Carter and Washington counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The population 353 in the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

Watauga River
The Watauga River (/wəˈtɔːɡə/) is a large stream of western North Carolina and East Tennessee. It is 78.5 miles (126.3 km) long with its headwaters in Linville Gap to the South Fork Holston River at Boone Lake.
Carondelet Farm
Carondelet Farm  is a horse racing operation and breeding farm in Ramona, California near San Diego. The property was named after Carondelet Street in New Orleans.

Carondelet Farm has raced and/or bred a number of Graded and Group Stakes Winners including Champion racehorse Artax who won the 1999 Breeders' Cup Sprint.

Breeders' Cup Sprint
The Breeders' Cup Sprint, currently branded as the Cygames Sprint for sponsorship reasons, is an American Weight for Age Grade I Thoroughbred horse race for horses three years old and older. Run on dirt over a distance of 6 Furlongs (3⁄4 mile), the race has been held annually since 1984 at a different racetrack in the United States or Canada as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships.
Yahad, Israel
Yahad (Hebrew: יחד, lit. 'Together') is a small kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Misgav Regional Council.

The kibbutz was founded in 1992 by a gar'in whose members were involved in Transcendental Meditation.

Gar'in
Gar'in (Hebrew: גרעין, lit. kernel) is a Hebrew term used for groups of people who moved together to Ottoman Palestine, British Palestine, and since 1948, Israel.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, groups of people (usually circles of young friends) moved to Palestine/Israel together. The term "gar'in" originally referred to these groups who came from all across the world. Immigrating in a group provided the support necessary for survival. Many of these groups founded their own kibbutzim. The phenomenon of these groups has been ongoing since before Israel was established in 1948.
Montrell Johnson Jr.
Montrell Johnson Jr. (born October 13, 2002) is an American professional football running back for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns and Florida Gators.

Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football
The Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football (formerly competed as Southwestern Louisiana or USL, later and still often referred to as Louisiana-Lafayette or ULL) program is a college football team that represents the University of Louisiana at Lafayette at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level as a member of the Sun Belt Conference. Since 1971, the team has played its home games at Cajun Field in Lafayette, Louisiana. Michael Desormeaux has served as Louisiana's head coach since 2021.

The RCAF (Ragin Cajun Athletic Foundation) is the supporter association that assists with funding for all Ragin Cajun sports.
Wait (Wang Chung song)
"Wait" is a single by the English new wave band Wang Chung, released as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, Points on the Curve (1983). The single reached No. 87 on the UK Singles Chart. Aside from the early singles released as Huang Chung, "Wait" was the only single by Wang Chung that failed to chart on the US Billboard Hot 100. However, it peaked at No. 17 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.

No music video was shot for "Wait", and it is also the only Wang Chung song to appear on two different non-compilation albums. "Wait" appears during the end credits of the neo-noir action thriller film To Live and Die in L.A. (1985) and is included in Wang Chung's soundtrack album for the film.

Wang Chung (band)
Wang Chung are an English new wave band, formed in London in 1980 by Nick Feldman, Jack Hues and Darren Costin. The name Wang Chung is Chinese (黃鐘, pinyin: huáng zhōng; Wade–Giles: huang chung), meaning "yellow bell" in English, and is the first note in the Chinese classical music scale. The band found their greatest success in the US, with five top 40 hits there, all charting between 1983 and 1987, including "Dance Hall Days" (No. 16 in 1984), "Everybody Have Fun Tonight" (No. 2 in 1986) and "Let's Go!" (No. 9 in 1987).
Zheng Gu Shui
Zheng Gu Shui (Chinese: 正骨水; lit. 'bone-setting liquid') is a traditional Chinese liniment. This external analgesic is believed to relieve qi and blood stagnation, promote healing, and soothe pain. The formula falls into the category of dit da jow in Cantonese or die da jiu in Mandarin.

The liniment was used to treat fractures, broken bones and injuries suffered in combat. It is used today by practitioners of Chinese medicine to treat pain or trauma from backache, arthritis, strains, bruises, and sprains. It should neither be used on open wounds nor swallowed.

Zheng Gu Shui is also used by people who suffer from achy feet from long-time standing or people who suffer from Plantar Fasciitis by applying with a cotton ball and letting air dry before putting on socks and shoes. Due to its nature, it can stain clothing if not dried properly. Stains generally can be removed with a small amount of alcohol.

Reynoutria japonica
Reynoutria japonica, synonyms Fallopia japonica and Polygonum cuspidatum, is a species of herbaceous perennial plant in the knotweed and buckwheat family Polygonaceae. Common names include Japanese knotweed and Asian knotweed. It is native to East Asia in Japan, China and Korea. In North America and Europe, the species has successfully established itself in numerous habitats; it is classified as a pest and invasive species in several countries. The plant is popular with beekeepers and its young stems are edible, making it an increasingly popular foraged vegetable with a flavour described as lemony rhubarb.
Will Johnston
William Murray Johnston (born 1936), known as Will Johnston, is an American historian whose field is European intellectual history. He publishes his work under the name of William M. Johnston, partially in close collaboration with translators. Since retiring from the University of Massachusetts, in 1999, he has been a professor emeritus and now lives in Australia.

University of Massachusetts
The University of Massachusetts (UMass) is the public university system of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The university system includes six campuses (Amherst, Boston, Dartmouth, Lowell, a medical school in Worcester and a law school in Dartmouth), a satellite campus in Springfield and 25 smaller campuses throughout California and Washington with the University of Massachusetts Global. The system enrolled 73,593 students in fall 2023.

The University of Massachusetts system is governed by a president and a 22-member board of trustees. The system administration is in Boston and Shrewsbury. Each of the institutions in the system is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.
Subito con forza
Subito con forza (Suddenly with power) is a short orchestral composition written in 2020 by the South Korean composer Unsuk Chin. The work was written on a joint commission from BBC Radio 3, the Kölner Philharmonie, and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. Its world premiere was given by the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra conducted by Klaus Mäkelä at the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, on 24 September 2020. The score is inscribed, "On the occasion of the 250th anniversary of Beethoven's birth."

Concertgebouw, Amsterdam
The Royal Concertgebouw (Dutch: het Koninklijk Concertgebouw, pronounced [ət ˈkoːnɪŋklə kɔnˈsɛrtxəˌbʌu]) is a concert hall in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Dutch term "concertgebouw" translates into English as "concert building". Its superb acoustics place it among the finest concert halls in the world, along with New York's Carnegie Hall, Boston's Symphony Hall and the Musikverein in Vienna.

In celebration of the building's 125th anniversary, Queen Beatrix bestowed the royal title "Koninklijk" upon the building on 11 April 2013, as she had on the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra upon its 100th in 1988.