hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rutilus stoumboudae
Rutilus stoumboudae is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Greece, in Lake Volvi and is a lacustrine species adapted to still water. It is named for Maria Stoumboudi, in honour of her research on the ecology and conservation of the freshwater fishes of Greece.

Lake Volvi
Lake Volvi (Greek: Λίμνη Βόλβη - Límni Vólvi) is located at the root of the Chalkidiki peninsula, in the Thessaloniki regional unit of Greece.  It is the second largest lake in the country at 12 miles (19 km) length and 6 or 8 miles (9.7 or 12.9 km) width. Its area is 68 km² and its depth is 20 m. It is located east of Lake Koroneia (Lake Langadas).

The Via Egnatia Roman road runs along the northern shore of the lake, while a more ancient road ran along its southern one. On its east is the narrow valley of Rentina, also known as the "Macedonian Tempe". The municipalities of Volvi and Langadas have shoreline on the lake.
2017–18 Liga Femenina de Baloncesto
The 2017–18 Liga Femenina de Baloncesto, also known as Liga Dia for sponsorship reasons, is the 55th season of the Spanish basketball women's league. It started on 30 September 2017 with the first round of the regular season and ended in April 2018 with the final.

Liga Femenina de Baloncesto
The Liga Femenina de Baloncesto, also known as Liga Femenina Endesa for sponsorship reasons, is the highest level of league competition for women's basketball in Spain. It is the women's equivalent of the men's Liga ACB and is run by the Spanish Basketball Federation. The league was founded in 1964 and is played under FIBA rules.

Throughout its history 13 clubs have been champions; CB Godella-Pool Getafe (with both names), Ros Casares and Perfumerías Avenida have won the most championships, with eight.
Mauno Mäkelä
Mauno Ilmari Mäkelä (7 March 1916 – 17 October 1987) was a Finnish film producer. He also appeared as an actor in films Iskelmäketju (1959) and Trust (1976).

Mäkelä received a Jussi Award for producing the film Elokuu (1956).

The Harvest Month
The Harvest Month (Finnish: Elokuu) is a 1956 Finnish drama film directed by Matti Kassila, based on the 1941 novel by F. E. Sillanpää. It was entered into the 1957 Cannes Film Festival.

The Harvest Month was filmed in the spring and summer of 1956. The filming locations were Murole Canal and its surroundings in Ruovesi. The city shots were shot in Tampere, while the interior scenes were shot at the studios in Kulosaari, Helsinki.
Jerry Holkins
Jerry Holkins (born Parkinson on February 6, 1976) is an American writer. He is the co-creator and writer of the webcomic Penny Arcade along with its artist Mike Krahulik. Holkins sometimes uses the pseudonym "Tycho Brahe", which is also the name of a Penny Arcade character based on Holkins.

Holkins is a co-founder of PAX (originally called the Penny Arcade Expo) a series of gaming festivals that began in 2004 and has been held around the world. He is also a co-founder of Child's Play, a multimillion-dollar charity which organizes toy drives for children's hospitals.

Holkins, along with Krahulik, was included in the Time 100 for 2010.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Ministry of Railways (Turkmenistan)
The Turkmenistan Ministry of Railways (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Demir ýol ulaglary ministrligi is a government agency in Turkmenistan responsible for oversight of the state rail corporation "Demirýollary" AGPJ. It was reconstituted out of the Turkmenistan railway agency on 11 July 2025.

Sarakhs
Sarakhs (Persian: سرخس) is a city in the Central District of Sarakhs County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Sarakhs was once a stopping point along the Silk Road, and in its 11th century heyday had many libraries. Much of the original city site is now just across the border at Serakhs in Turkmenistan.
John P. Jumper
John Phillip Jumper (born February 4, 1945) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) general, who served as 17th chief of staff of the United States Air Force from September 6, 2001 to September 2, 2005.  He retired from the USAF on  November 1, 2005. Jumper was succeeded as chief of staff by General T. Michael Moseley.

He is the son of major-general Jimmy J. Jumper, USAF. During his career he served as a command pilot with more than 5,000 flying hours. He later served as the CEO of Leidos from 2012 to 2014.

Phù Cát Air Base
Phù Cát Air Base (Vietnamese: Căn cứ không quân Phù Cát) is an airbase built by the United States Air Force (USAF) and Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF), used during the Vietnam War (1959–1975). It is located north of the city of Qui Nhơn in southern Vietnam and serves the Vietnam Air Defence - Air Force (VNADAF).
Broward Boulevard
Broward Boulevard is an 11.766 miles (18.936 km) long major east–west thoroughfare through Broward County, Florida, mostly designated State Road 842 (SR 842).  The western terminus is an intersection with Commodore Drive in Plantation, and it continues east to U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Fort Lauderdale. The westernmost 5.4 miles (8.7 km) is designated as County Road 842 (CR 842), and is seldom signed as such.

Broward Boulevard serves as the main east–west access route to downtown Fort Lauderdale and is also the latitudinal baseline for the city's street grid. The street is named for Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, who is also the namesake of Broward County.

Thoroughfare
A thoroughfare is a primary passage or way of transport, whether by road on dry land or, by extension, via watercraft or aircraft. Originally, the word referred to a main road or open street which was frequented thoroughly.
My Oxford Year
My Oxford Year is a 2025 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Iain Morris and written by Allison Burnett and Melissa Osborne, based on the novel of the same name by Julia Whelan, which was adapted from Burnett's original screenplay. The protagonists are played by Sofia Carson and Corey Mylchreest.

The film was released on Netflix on August 1, 2025.

Dougray Scott
Stephen Dougray Scott (born 25 November 1965) is a Scottish actor. He has appeared in the films Twin Town (1997), Ever After (1998), Mission: Impossible 2 (2000), Enigma (2001), Ripley's Game (2002), Hitman (2007), and My Week with Marilyn (2011). He is a recipient of the International Emmy Award for Best Actor and a BAFTA Scotland Award for his performance in the Scottish crime drama series Crime (2021).
Miss Teen USA 2014
Miss Teen USA 2014, the 32nd Miss Teen USA pageant. It was held at the Atlantis Paradise Island Resort in Nassau, Bahamas on August 2, 2014, and was hosted by Australian journalist Karl Jeno Schmid and Miss USA 2013 Erin Brady. Cassidy Wolf of California crowned her successor K. Lee Graham of South Carolina at the end of the event.

Atlantis Paradise Island
Atlantis Paradise Island is an ocean-themed casino resort located on Paradise Island in the Bahamas. The resort spans 154-acre (62 ha) and includes a waterpark, marine habitat, and other recreational facilities. It is built around the Aquaventure waterscape and features multiple hotel towers, including The Royal, Coral, Cove, and Reef Towers.

The resort incorporates the legend of Atlantis into its design, from the ceiling murals in the foyer to Plato's bar, named after the philosopher who first described the lost city. The resort features numerous decorative elements, including glass sculptures by American artist Dale Chihuly in the casino and indoor waterfalls and fountains near the foyer.
Mike Marshall (outfielder)
Michael Allen Marshall (born January 12, 1960), nicknamed "Moose", is an American former professional baseball player. He played as an outfielder in Major League Baseball from 1981 to 1991, most notably as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers with whom he was named an All-Star player and won a world championship in 1988. He also played for the New York Mets, Boston Red Sox and the California Angels. After his major league career, he played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Nippon Ham Fighters in 1992. Marshall served as president and general manager of the Chico Outlaws of the North American League. In 2013, Marshall was the commissioner of the Pacific Association.

Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)
The Northern League was an independent minor professional baseball league. It was not affiliated with Major League Baseball or the organized minor leagues. The league was founded in 1993 and folded after its 2010 season when financial stability became a problem. The three teams remaining in the league when it folded joined with the remaining teams in United League Baseball and the Golden Baseball League to form a new independent organization called the North American League.
Limitations on copyrightability in Canadian copyright law
In Canadian copyright law there are several Limitations to Copyright. These limitations define the scope of copyright protection by placing limits on ability of copyright holders to deny other users or creators the ability to employ the ideas, facts, and concepts underlying their protected expression.

There are two major doctrinal devices employed to place limits on the scope of copyright:

Idea-expression divide(see also the related notion of Scènes à faire)

Merger Doctrine

Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp.
Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corporation, 45 F.2d 119 (2d Cir. 1930), was a United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit case on copyright infringement by non-literal copying of a dramatic work. The Court held that copyright protection cannot be extended to the characteristics of stock characters in a story, whether it be a book, play, or film.
Quarter note
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A quarter note (AmE) or crotchet (BrE) (/ˈkrɒtʃɪt/) is a musical note played for one quarter of the duration of a whole note (or semibreve). Quarter notes are notated with a filled-in oval note head and a straight, flagless stem. The stem usually points upwards if it is below the middle line of the staff, and downwards if it is on or above the middle line. An upward stem is placed on the right side of the notehead, a downward stem is placed on the left (see image). The Unicode symbol is U+2669 (♩).

A quarter rest (or crotchet rest) denotes a silence of the same duration as a quarter note or crotchet. It is notated with the symbol . In some older music it was notated with symbol .

Rest (music)
A rest is the absence of a sound for a defined period of time in music, or one of the musical notation signs used to indicate that.

The length of a rest corresponds with that of a particular note value, thus indicating how long the silence should last. Each type of rest is named for the note value it corresponds with (e.g. quarter note and quarter rest, or quaver and quaver rest), and each of them has a distinctive sign.
Julie Mota
Julie Kumin Mota (born 1978) is a writer, poet and artist from Papua New Guinea. Her artwork is held in the permanent collections of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and the De Young Museum, also in San Francisco.

Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (FAMSF),
comprising the de Young Museum in Golden Gate Park and the Legion of Honor in Lincoln Park, is the largest public arts institution in the city of San Francisco. FAMSF's combined attendance was 1,158,264 visitors in 2022, making it the fifth most attended art institution in the United States. In 2024, the two combined museums were ranked 15th in The Washington Post's list of the best art museums in the U.S.

Opened in 1895, the de Young is home to American art from the 17th century through today, textile arts and costumes, African art, Oceanic art, arts of the Americas, and contemporary art. Opened in 1924, the Legion of Honor showcases European painting, sculpture, and decorative arts, ancient art, graphic arts, and contemporary art in dialogue with its historical collections and Beaux-Arts style building. In total the collection holds 130,000 objects.
Wojciech Maksymowicz
Wojciech Stefan Maksymowicz (born 24 May 1955 in Włocławek) is a Polish neurosurgeon, from 1997 to 1999 minister of health, since 2019 member of the IX Sejm. Associated with the Agreement political party. In 2021, Maksymowicz left the PiS Parliamentary Club being the second to do so. He left the Agreement on 19 May 2021. He joined Poland 2050 the next day. He left the party on 30 November 2022.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Stepan Zotov
Stepan Andeeevich Zotov (November 23, 1882 – September 29, 1938) was a Soviet komkor (corps commander). He fought in the Russian Imperial Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent civil war. He was a recipient of the Cross of St. George, the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of the Red Star. He was made a komkor on November 23, 1935. He died in a Moscow military hospital during a surgical operation.

Cross of St. George (Russia)
The Cross of Saint George (Russian: Георгиевский крест, romanized: Georgiyevskiy krest) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation.  It was initially established by Imperial Russia where it was officially known as the Decoration of the Military Order of Saint George between 1807 and 1913. The Cross of Saint George was reinstated into the Russian awards system in 1992.
Paul Norton (artist)
Paul N. Norton (February 15, 1909 in Moline, Illinois – 1984) was an American artist. The son of a railway clerk, Norton painted more than 500 watercolors in his career, and also created many memorable logos for companies such as Dairy Queen, Pella Windows, and others. His paintings can be found hanging in the White House, U.S. Capitol, the Iowa Governor's Mansion, Tahoma Vista Village and Cynthia D. Strong's Office among others.

Terrace Hill
Terrace Hill, also known as Hubbell Mansion, Benjamin F. Allen House or the Iowa Governor's Mansion, is the official residence of the Governor of Iowa in the capital city of Des Moines.

An example of Second Empire architecture, the Terrace Hill gubernatorial residence sits on a hill overlooking downtown Des Moines and features a prominent 90-foot (27 m) tower. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003.
Ary L. Goldberger
Ary Louis Goldberger  (b. Bronx, New York City, May 29, 1949) is a physician-educator, whose collaborative research work is at the interface of biomedicine and complexity science (nonlinear dynamics). He holds a BA from Harvard College and an MD from Yale Medical School. He did his clinical training in internal medicine and cardiovascular disease at Yale–New Haven Hospital and at the University of California, San Diego, respectively.  He currently serves as Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and was one of the Core Founding Faculty (2010–2015) of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University.

Yale School of Medicine
The Yale School of Medicine is the medical school of Yale University, a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. It is the sixth-oldest medical school in the United States.

The school’s faculty clinical practice is Yale Medicine. Yale School of Medicine has a strong affiliation with its primary teaching hospital, Yale New Haven Hospital and the Yale New Haven Health System. The school is home to the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, which is one of the country’s largest modern medical libraries and is known for its historical collections.

For the class of 2028, the school received 5,669 applications to fill 104 seats in the MD Program. This puts the acceptance rate at about 1.6%. The median GPA for the class was 3.94, and the median MCAT score was 521.
Jo + Jazz
Jo + Jazz is a 1960 album recorded by Jo Stafford on Columbia Records. The album was also re-released in 1993 by Corinthian Records.

For this album, Stafford is backed by a line-up of noted jazz musicians including Conte Candoli, Don Fagerquist, Russ Freeman, Johnny Hodges, Mel Lewis, Ray Nance, Jimmy Rowles and Ben Webster, who were under the orchestration of Johnny Mandel.  The album attracted very little attention when it was originally released by Columbia.  It was not recognized as a noteworthy jazz album until Corinthian Records, owned by Stafford and her husband, Paul Weston, re-released it.

Ben Webster
Benjamin Francis Webster (March 27, 1909 – September 20, 1973) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. He performed in the United States and Europe and made many recordings with Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday, Johnny Hodges, and others.
Montague Phillips (chemist)
Montague Alexander Phillips (1 December 1902 - 12 October 1972) was an English industrial chemist and chemical engineer.

He is notable for synthesising the drug Sulphapyridine in 1937, while working as a research chemist at May & Baker, Dagenham, Essex. Sulphapyridine (also known as sulfapyridine, T693, M&B 693 and Dagenan) was an early antimicrobial and antibiotic, and the first effective treatment for pneumonia, meningitis and various other bacterial infections of humans and animals. As such, it saved tens of thousands of lives globally in the years before penicillin and other antibiotics became generally available.

In the 1960s, Phillips was a key whistleblower in the thalidomide scandal.

Thalidomide scandal
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, thalidomide was prescribed to women in 46 countries who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant, and consequently resulted in the "biggest anthropogenic medical disaster ever," with more than 10,000 children born with a range of severe deformities, such as phocomelia, as well as thousands of miscarriages.

Thalidomide was introduced in 1957 as a tranquilizer, and was later marketed by the West German pharmaceutical company Chemie Grünenthal under the trade name Contergan as a medication for anxiety, trouble sleeping, tension, and morning sickness. It was introduced as a sedative and medication for morning sickness without having been tested on pregnant women. While initially deemed to be safe in pregnancy, concerns regarding birth defects were noted in 1961, and the medication was removed from the market in Europe that year.
Tlingit grammar
The Tlingit language is a Na-Dene language spoken by the Tlingit people who are indigenous to most of Southeast Alaska. Its grammar has features similar to that of other languages belonging to the Northwest Coast Sprachbund, including SOV word order, a rich aspectual system, and optional plural marking. The grammar is also similar to other Na-Dene languages like Eyak and the Athabaskan languages, for instance in their shared complexity of verb morphology.

Na-Dene languages
Na-Dene (/ˌnɑːdɪˈneɪ/ NAH-dih-NAY; also Nadene, Na-Dené, Athabaskan–Eyak–Tlingit, Tlina–Dene) is a family of Native American languages that includes at least the Athabaskan languages, Eyak, and Tlingit languages. Haida was formerly included but is now generally considered a language isolate. By far the most widely spoken Na-Dene language today is Navajo, also the most spoken indigenous language north of Mexico.

Some linguists have proposed that the Na-Dene family is related to the Yeniseian languages of central Siberia, creating a Dene–Yeniseian family. However, this proposal has not been accepted by some linguists.
August Laur
August Laur (9 October 1886 Vana-Põltsamaa Parish (now Põltsamaa Parish), Kreis Fellin – 8 September 1942 Sosva camp, Sverdlovsk Oblast) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of III, IV and V Riigikogu.

Laur was arrested in 1941 by the NKVD following the Soviet occupation of Estonia. He was executed by gunshot in prison custody in Sverdlovsk Oblast.

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
Claire Chazal
Claire Chazal (pronounced [klɛːʁ ʃazal]; born 1 December 1956) is a French journalist, romance writer, and former director of news at a national television station, France 2.

She had been the weekend news anchor at TF1 beginning in 1991, and gave her final broadcast at the station on 13 September 2015; Anne-Claire Coudray, who had often substituted for her when she was absent, was announced as her replacement. Between 2010 and 2015, she had also been the host of Reportage at 1:30 pm, after the news.

She used to host Je/nous de Claire, a talk show on the gay television channel Pink TV that she helped start in 2004. The title of this show puns on Le Genou de Claire, a French film known in English as Claire's Knee.

Chazal obtained an HEC School of Management diploma.

Claire's Knee
Claire's Knee (French: Le Genou de Claire)  is a 1970 French romantic drama film written and directed by Éric Rohmer. Starring Jean-Claude Brialy, Aurora Cornu, Béatrice Romand, and Laurence de Monaghan, it follows a soon-to-be-married man and his conflicted relationship with two teenage girls. The film is the fifth entry in Rohmer's series of Six Moral Tales (1963–1972).

Upon its release in France on 11 December 1970, Claire's Knee received critical acclaim, and it was awarded the Louis Delluc Prize for Best French Film of the year. Abroad, it was named Best Film by the National Society of Film Critics, and Best Foreign Language Film by the National Board of Review.
Rudolph Moshammer
Rudolph Moshammer (27 September 1940 – 14 January 2005) was a German fashion designer. He built a reputation for the extravagant clothes he designed and wore, and was well known in Germany's celebrity circuit.

Moshammer was murdered in 2005 in the Grünwald suburb of Munich, Germany.

Yorkshire Terrier
The Yorkshire Terrier, also known as a Yorkie, is a British breed of toy dog of terrier type. It is among the smallest of the terriers and indeed of all dog breeds, with a weight of no more than 3.2 kg (7 lb). It originated in the nineteenth century in the English county of Yorkshire, after which it is named. The coat is tan on the head and dark steel-grey on the body; no other colour is accepted by either The Kennel Club or the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

It is a playful and energetic dog, usually kept as a companion dog. It has contributed to the development of other breeds including the Silky Terrier, and also to cross-breeds such as the Yorkipoo.