hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Sammons (politician)
Thomas Sammons (October 1, 1762 – November 20, 1838) was a United States representative from New York.

The son of Sampson Sammons and Rachel Schoomaker, Sammons was born in Ulster County.  He attended the rural schools, served as an officer in the Revolutionary War, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1801, and  served as lieutenant, captain, and major in the State militia.

Sammons was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the 8th and 9th United States Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1803, to March 3, 1807. He was elected as a Federalist to the 11th, and as a Democratic-Republican to the 12th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1813.

Afterwards he resumed his agricultural pursuits and died on the Sammons homestead in Montgomery County (near Johnstown). Interment was on the homestead in the Simeon Sammons Cemetery.

Constitution of New York
The Constitution of the State of New York establishes the structure of the government of the State of New York, and enumerates the basic rights of the citizens of New York. Like most state constitutions in the United States, New York's constitution's provisions tend to be more detailed and amended more often than its federal counterpart. Because the history of the state constitution differs from the federal constitution, the New York Court of Appeals has seen fit to interpret analogous provisions differently from United States Supreme Court's interpretation of federal provisions.
Toronto propane explosion
43°43′57″N 79°28′22″W﻿ / ﻿43.73250°N 79.47278°W﻿ / 43.73250; -79.47278

The Toronto propane explosion (also known as the Sunrise Propane incident) was a series of explosions and ensuing fire that took place on the morning of August 10, 2008, in the Downsview neighbourhood of North York, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The explosions occurred at the Sunrise Propane Industrial Gases propane facility, located near Keele Street and Wilson Avenue around 03:50 ET. The blasts caused thousands of people to be evacuated from their homes and cost C$1.8 million to clean up, half of which was paid by the province of Ontario. An employee of Sunrise died in the initial explosions and a firefighter died of cardiac arrest the next day while at the scene.

Explosion
An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases. Explosions may also be generated by a slower expansion that would normally not be forceful, but is not allowed to expand, so that when whatever is containing the expansion is broken by the pressure that builds as the matter inside tries to expand, the matter expands forcefully. An example of this is a volcanic eruption created by the expansion of magma in a magma chamber as it rises to the surface. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known as detonations and travel through shock waves. Subsonic explosions are created by low explosives through a slower combustion process known as deflagration.
President's Office, George Washington University
President's Office, George Washington University is a row of historic townhouses at 2003 G Street, N.W. in Washington, D.C., in the Foggy Bottom section of the city. The townhouses are now part of George Washington University Law School.

George Washington University Law School
The George Washington University Law School (GW Law) is the law school of George Washington University, a private research university in Washington, D.C. Established in 1865, GW Law is the oldest law school in Washington, D.C.

GW Law has an alumni network that includes notable people within the fields of law and government, including the former U.S. Attorney General, the former U.S. Secretary of the Interior, foreign heads of state, judges of the International Court of Justice, ministers of foreign affairs, a Director-General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, a Director of the CIA, members of U.S. Congress, U.S. State Governors, four Directors of the FBI, and numerous Federal judges.
Weldon B. White
Weldon B. White (July 22, 1907 – April 23, 1967) was a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1961 to 1967.

Born in Waxahachie, Texas, White graduated from Hume-Fogg High School in Nashville, Tennessee, and represented Davidson County, Tennessee, in the Tennessee Senate from 1942 to 1947. He also served as a major in the United States Army during World War II, and received his LL.B. at Cumberland University in 1944. He was a professor of law at Cumberland from 1946 to 1950.

On August 1, 1961, Governor Buford Ellington appointed White to a seat on the state supreme court vacated by the retirement of Pride Tomlinson. White was reelected to the remainder of his appointed term in 1962, and elected to a full eight-year term in 1966, but died the following year, at Vanderbilt University Hospital at the age of 59. He was interred at Nashville's Mount Olivet Cemetery. White was survived by his wife, Ellen Wallace White, and two children.

Mount Olivet Cemetery (Nashville)
Mount Olivet Cemetery is a 206-acre (83 ha) cemetery located in Nashville, Tennessee. It is located about two miles east of downtown Nashville, and adjacent to the Catholic Calvary Cemetery. It is open to the public during daylight hours.
Humber, Herefordshire
Humber is a hamlet and civil parish in the county of Herefordshire, England, and is 10 miles (16 km) north from the city and county town of Hereford. The closest large town is Leominster 3 miles (5 km) to the north-west.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Montería
Montería (Spanish pronunciation: [monteˈɾi.a]) is a municipality and city located in northern Colombia and the capital of the Department of Córdoba. The city is located 50 km (31 mi) away from the Caribbean sea, by the Sinú River. The city and region are known for their distinct cultural heritages, which include a blend of mainly colonial Spanish descendants, Indigenous Zenú peoples, Crypto-Jews, and more recently, Middle East immigrants. The city is home to the Sombrero Vueltiao, a national symbol; and is the home of Porro folklore music. The city has an inland seaport connected to the Caribbean Sea by the Sinú River.

Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
Epidemic of Violence
Epidemic of Violence is the second album by American thrash metal band Demolition Hammer. It was released in early 1992 to critical acclaim and is considered a cult classic in the thrash metal and death metal genres.

Epidemic of Violence uses a Michael Whelan painting for its cover artwork: Lovecraft's Nightmare B. The first half of the painting, Lovecraft's Nightmare A, was used for Obituary's Cause of Death.

Obituary (band)
Obituary is an American death metal band formed in Tampa, Florida, in 1984. Initially called Executioner, they were one of the fundamental acts in the development of the death metal genre, and are one of the genre's most successful bands of all time. Obituary has released eleven studio albums and, with the exception of a five-year hiatus from 1998 to 2003, they continue to perform live.

Obituary's current lineup consists of vocalist John Tardy, drummer Donald Tardy, rhythm guitarist Trevor Peres, bassist Terry Butler and lead guitarist Ken Andrews. The band has gone through several lineup changes, with the Tardy brothers and Peres being the only constant members.
Sumerduck Historic District
Sumerduck Historic District is a national historic district located at Sumerduck, Fauquier County, Virginia.  It encompasses 19 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the rural hamlet of Sumerduck.  The Reconstruction-era district includes dwellings that date from the late-19th to the mid-20th centuries, stores, churches, a post office, a school, and a public space for meetings.  Notable buildings include the Tulloss House (c. 1882), the Henry Broadus Jones House also known as the Santa Claus House or the House of the Seven Gables (c. 1885), the restored Embrey-Mills House (1880s), the Steven Jacobs House (c. 1940), the Union Primitive Baptist Church (c. 1898), Sumerduck Baptist Church (1915), a former school (1887), and Sumerduck Trading Company (c. 1950).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Fauquier County, Virginia
Fauquier County /fɔːˈkɪər/ is a United States county located on the Piedmont plateau of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  Part of the Northern Virginia region, Fauquier is included in the Washington metropolitan area.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 72,972. The county seat is the large historic town of  Warrenton.

The county was created in 1759 from part of Prince William County and was named in honor of Francis Fauquier, the administrative head of Virginia Colony at the time.  Fauquier hosts the Virginia Gold Cup, which, having started in 1922, is one of the longest running steeplechase horse race events in the United States.
Ted Chapman
William Edwin (Ted) Chapman (16 December 1933 – 25 July 2005) was a Liberal member of the Parliament of South Australia from 10 March 1973 to 11 March 1992 and Minister.

Chapman represented the district of Alexandra in the South Australian House of Assembly between 1973 and 1992. He served as Minister for Agriculture when David Tonkin was premier, taking a lead in promoting Australian dry-land farming in the Middle East.

Chapman died in hospital in July 2005 after incurring a brain hemorrhage two months earlier.

Dryland farming
Dryland farming and dry farming encompass specific agricultural techniques for the non-irrigated cultivation of crops. Dryland farming is associated with drylands, areas characterized by a cool wet season (which charges the soil with virtually all the moisture that the crops will receive prior to harvest) followed by a warm dry season. They are also associated with arid conditions, areas prone to drought and those having scarce water resources.
Michal Riszdorfer
Michal Riszdorfer (Hungarian: Riszdorfer Mihály [ˈrizdorfɛr ˈmihaːj]; born 26 May 1977 in Bratislava) is a Slovak canoe sprinter who has competed since the late 1990s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won two medals in the K-4 1000 m with a silver in 2008 and a bronze in 2004.

Riszdorfer has also won fourteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with eight golds (K-2 500 m: 1998, K-2 1000 m: 1999, K-4 500 m: 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007; K-4 1000 m: 2002, 2003), three silvers (K-4 200 m: 2009, K-4 500 m: 2005, K-4 1000 m: 2005), and three bronzes (K-4 500 m: 2001, K-4 1000 m: 2007, 2009).

Riszdorfer is a member of the ŠKP club in Bratislava. He is 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) tall and weighs 78 kg (172 lb).

1998 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1998 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Szeged, Hungary.

The men's competition consisted of nine Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Women competed in eight events, all in kayak.

This was the 29th championships in canoe sprint.
Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences
The Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences is an award given to an individual researcher in chemistry. The prize, awarded biennially, consists of a citation, a medal, and a monetary award of $250,000. The prize is awarded by The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Inc. to an individual in a selected area of chemistry "to recognize exceptional and original research that has advanced the field in a major way."

The first Dreyfus Prize was awarded in 2009 to George M. Whitesides of Harvard University in the field of materials chemistry, honoring the accomplishments of the Dreyfus brothers, Camille and Henry, who founded Celanese.

Nobel laureates are not eligible. Dreyfus Foundation Advisors and reviewers who serve in the year of the selection are not eligible.

Celanese
Celanese Corporation, formerly known as Hoechst Celanese, is an American technology and specialty materials company headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is a Fortune 500 corporation. The company is the world's leading producer of acetic acid, producing about 1.95 million tonnes per year, representing approximately 20% of global production. Celanese is also the world's largest producer of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM).

Celanese operates 25 production plants and six research centers in 11 countries, mainly in North America, Europe, and Asia. The company owns and operates the world's three largest acetic acid plants: one in the Clear Lake area of Pasadena, Texas, one on Jurong Island in Singapore, and a third in Nanjing, China.

During 2018 Celanese along with 90 additional Fortune 500 companies "paid an effective federal tax rate of 0% or less" as a result of Donald Trump´s Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
2025–26 Belgian Division 1
The 2025–26 Belgian Division 1 will be the tenth season of the third-tier football league. It will be the second season in which the division is split into two groups VV (Voetbal Vlaanderen) and ACFF (Association des Clubs Francophones de Football).

Hoogstraten VV
Hoogstraten VV (Dutch: Hoogstraten Voetbalvereniging) is a Belgian football club from Hoogstraten, Antwerp. It was founded in 1936 and has red and white team colors. The club currently play in Belgian National Division 1, the third tier of Belgian football.

In 1964 Hoogstraten was promoted from the provincial leagues for the first time into the Belgian Promotion, followed by another promotion into the Belgian Third Division in 1986. The team stayed at the third level until 2002 when they dropped again to the fourth level. After promotions in 2008 and 2013, the team played at the highest level in its existence, the Belgian Second Division, from the 2013–14 season.
Vaziani Military Base
Vaziani Military Base (Georgian: ვაზიანის სამხედრო ბაზა) is a major military installation of the Georgian Defence Forces, located near the village of Vaziani, southeast of Tbilisi, in Kvemo Kartli, Georgia. Originally constructed in 1941 as a Soviet Army base, it remained under Russian control until 2001, when it was formally transferred to the Georgian government. Today, Vaziani serves as a key operational, training, and deployment hub for the Eastern Command of the Georgian Land Forces, hosting several major units, including the 4th Mechanized Brigade and the 23rd Infantry Battalion. The base served as a central venue for multinational military exercises, such as Agile Spirit and Noble Partner, before the suspension of Georgia's military ties to Western countries in 2024. Adjacent to the base is the former Vaziani Air Base, a Soviet-era airstrip occasionally used for support operations.

Georgian Land Forces
The Georgian Land Forces (Georgian: საქართველოს სახმელეთო ძალები, romanized: sakartvelos sakhmeleto dzalebi) are the land force component of the Defense Forces of Georgia. They are the largest branch of the military and constitute the bulk of the DFG.
Anthony Hugh Selormey
Anthony Hugh Selormey is a Ghanaian soldier and politician. He was one of the members of the National Redemption Council (NRC) which overthrew the Progress Party government of Kofi Abrefa Busia on 13 January 1972. He also served briefly in the Supreme Military Council government which followed the NRC.

Bovington Camp
Bovington Camp (/ˈbɒvɪŋtən/) is a British Army military base in Dorset, South West England. Together with Lulworth Camp it forms part of Bovington Garrison.

The garrison is home to The Armour Centre and contains two barracks complexes and two forest and heathland training areas that support Phase Two training for soldiers of the Royal Armoured Corps and trade training for the Household Cavalry Regiment as well as other armoured units. It also houses The Tank Museum on its property.
Feist–Benary synthesis
The Feist–Benary synthesis is an organic reaction between α-halo ketones and β-dicarbonyl compounds to produce substituted furan compounds. This condensation reaction is catalyzed by amines such as ammonia and pyridine. The first step in the ring synthesis is related to the Knoevenagel condensation. In the second step the enolate displaces an alkyl halogen in a nucleophilic aliphatic substitution.

Pyridine
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom (=N−).  It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell. Pyridine is colorless, but older or impure samples can appear yellow. The pyridine ring occurs in many commercial compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Historically, pyridine was produced from coal tar. As of 2016, it is synthesized on the scale of about 20,000 tons per year worldwide.
History of Denver
This article details the history of the City and County of Denver, Colorado, the United States from its founding in 1858 to the present. Since the gold rush, Denver has been Colorado's gateway and major metropolis. With its location at the intersection of the plains and the mountains, its people and institutions have tied together the sections of the state and served as a point of contact between Colorado and the wider world. As the state’s political capital and largest city, Denver has been the natural center for decision-making. New programs and ideas have typically spread outward through public agencies and private organizations that have Denver headquarters.

South Platte River
The South Platte River (Sioux: Wašíŋ-Wakpá [waˈʃĩ wakˈpa] lit. “bison tallow river”) is one of the two principal tributaries of the Platte River. Flowing through the U.S. states of Colorado and Nebraska, it is itself a major river of the American Midwest and the American Southwest/Mountain West. Its drainage basin includes much of the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, much of the populated region known as the Colorado Front Range and Eastern Plains, and a portion of southeastern Wyoming in the vicinity of the city of Cheyenne.  It joins the North Platte River in western Nebraska to form the Platte, which then flows across Nebraska to the Missouri.  The river serves as the principal source of water for eastern Colorado. In its valley along the foothills in Colorado, it has permitted agriculture in an area of the Colorado Piedmont and Great Plains that is otherwise arid.
Pelicans at the Zoo
Pelicans at the Zoo is an 1898 British short black-and-white silent actuality film, produced by British Mutoscope & Biograph Company, featuring pelicans being released for feeding into their enclosure at London Zoological Gardens. The film was part of a series, with Elephants at the Zoo, which were one of the earliest examples of animal life on film.

1898 in film
The following is an overview of the events of 1898 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. The Spanish–American War was a popular subject. Several films made by Col. William N. Selig dealt with the subject of war preparations at Camp Tanner in Springfield, Illinois, including Soldiers at Play, Wash Day in Camp and First Regiment Marching.
Guy White
Guy Kendall White AM FAA (1925–2018) was an Australian physicist who specialised in low-temperature physics.

In the 1940s, White was part of what has been described as "the elite cryogenics group of doctorate researchers" at the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford University.

White served as the chief research scientist of Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) from 1969 to 1990.

In 1959, White published his textbook Experimental Techniques in Low-Temperature Physics. This book has been described in 2023 as "still the go-to text" in this field.

White was awarded the David Syme Research Prize by the University of Melbourne in 1966. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1970.

In 2000, White was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the General Division for his contributions to physics.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Tommy Mason
Thomas Cyril Mason (July 8, 1939 – January 22, 2015) was an American professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tulane Green Wave.

Tulane Green Wave football
The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football. The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The football team is currently coached by Will Hall, the team plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans.
Billy Myers (Canadian football)
Billy "Bubbles" Myers (September 7, 1923 – April 13, 2019) was a Canadian professional football player who played for the Toronto Argonauts. He won the Grey Cup with them in 1945 and 1946. He previously played football with the Vaughan Road Academy, University of Toronto and the Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers. After his football career, he coached football from 1955 to 1985 at Earl Haig Collegiate. Myers died in Richmond Hill, Ontario in 2019 at the age of 95.

Earl Haig Secondary School
Earl Haig Secondary School, formerly Earl Haig Collegiate Institute, is a public high school with 2,048 students in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In addition to being a public secondary school, the school is also host to the Claude Watson Arts Program, an auditioned arts program integrated into the secondary school curriculum.

Opened in 1929 by the North York Board of Education, the school is named after Field Marshal The 1st Earl Haig, who was commander of the British Expeditionary Force during the majority of the First World War. The school was established in 1928, shortly after Earl Haig's death.