hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gravity spreading
Gravity spreading is a phenomenon in which a geological body laterally extends and vertically contracts to reduce its gravitational potential energy. It has been observed on many different scales, and at numerous locations on Earth, from rhyolite lava flows to passive margins. Additionally, gravity spreading is likely to have occurred on both Mars and Venus.

Gravitational energy
Gravitational energy or gravitational potential energy is the potential energy an object with mass has due to the gravitational potential of its position in a gravitational field. Mathematically, is a scalar quantity attached to the conservative gravitational field and equals the minimum mechanical work that has to be done against the gravitational force to bring a mass from a chosen reference point (often an "infinite distance" from the mass generating the field) to some other point in the field, which is equal to the change in the kinetic energies of the objects as they fall towards each other. Gravitational potential energy increases when two objects are brought further apart and is converted to kinetic energy as they are allowed to fall towards each other.
Nursery World
Nursery World is a fortnightly magazine for early years education and  childcare professionals in the United Kingdom. It was first published in 1925 by Faber and Gwyer and sold to Benn Brothers in 1927 in exchange for ten years' royalty payments.

The magazine is now published in print form and online. The editor is Liz Roberts. In 2007, Haymarket Media Group acquired Nursery World from TSL Education. In April 2013, Haymarket sold Nursery World to Mark Allen Group.

It organises an annual show, the Nursery World Big Day Out Show, which is co-sponsored by 4Children, the National Children's Bureau, the Professional Association for Childcare and Early Years and the Pre-school Learning Alliance.

Faber & Faber
Faber and Faber Limited, commonly known as Faber & Faber or simply Faber, is an independent publishing house in London. Published authors and poets include T. S. Eliot (an early Faber editor and director), W. H. Auden, C. S. Lewis, Margaret Storey, William Golding, Samuel Beckett, Philip Larkin, Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, Seamus Heaney, Paul Muldoon, Milan Kundera and Kazuo Ishiguro.

Founded in 1929, in 2006 the company was named the KPMG Publisher of the Year.

Faber and Faber Inc., formerly the American branch of the London company, was sold in 1998 to the Holtzbrinck company Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG). Faber and Faber ended the partnership with FSG in 2015 and began distributing its books directly in the United States.
Öpik
Öpik is an Estonian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Armin Öpik (1898–1983), Estonian/Australian paleontologist

Ernst Öpik (1893–1985), Estonian astronomer
Öpik-Oort cloud, hypothesized spherical cloud of comets
2099 Öpik, asteroid, named after Ernst Öpik
Öpik, crater on Phobos, also named after Ernst Öpik

Ilmar Öpik (1917–2001), Estonian energetics scientist and academic

Lembit Öpik (born 1965), British politician

Estonian name
In Estonia, a person must have a surname and one or more given names. One or two given names are common, whereas the legally permitted maximum number (three) given names is nowadays very rarely used. Surname is inherited from one of the parents, and given names must be chosen by the parents at birth. The calling name, by which the person is normally identified in conversation, is one of the given names, typically the first. For example, the former president Lennart Georg Meri was usually called Lennart, and became widely known as Lennart Meri.

There is no patronymic part and multiple given names are used rarely. During the Soviet occupation,  the official names of Estonians followed the East Slavic naming customs of "given name"/"patronymic"/"family name",  but this custom was abandoned in the post-Soviet Estonia.
Clark's Lookout State Park
Clark's Lookout State Park is a Montana state park located one mile north of the community of Dillon. The 8-acre (3.2 ha) park encompasses the hill overlooking the Beaverhead River that William Clark climbed on August 13, 1805, during the Lewis and Clark Expedition. From the vantage point, Clark took various compass readings and sketched a map of the Beaverhead Valley. The park offers picnicking, interpretive signage, and a chance to make the climb that Clark made and stand where he stood.

Dillon, Montana
Dillon is a city in and the county seat of Beaverhead County, Montana, United States. The population was 3,880 at the 2020 census. The city was named for Sidney Dillon (1812–1892), president of Union Pacific Railroad.
Kępiński
Kępiński (femine: Kępińska) is a Polish surname meaning 'related to Kępno County'. Notable people with the surname include:

Antoni Kępiński (1918–1972), Polish psychiatrist and philosopher

Elżbieta Kępińska (born 1937), Polish film actress

Józef Kępiński (disambiguation), multiple people

Lydia Képinski, Québécoise indie pop singer

Miro Kepinski (born 1980), Polish film composer

Elżbieta Kępińska
Elżbieta Kępińska (born 5 April 1937) is a Polish film actress. She has appeared in more than 20 films and television shows since 1960, including Samson (1961), Grzech Antoniego Grudy (1975) and Dotkniecie nocy (1962). She was married to Polish communist politician Mieczysław Rakowski until his death in 2008.
Roberto Gaggioli
Roberto Gaggioli (born 10 September 1962 in Vinci) is an Italian former cyclist.

Professional from 1985 to 2005, Gaggioli spent most of his career in the United States. He won the Philadelphia International Championship in 1988, and the International Cycling Classic in 1990 and 1992. He rode in the 1986 Giro d'Italia, finishing in 127th position.

His father Luciano Gaggioli was a professional cyclist from 1960 to 1963. He married Lynn Brotzman, also a professional cyclist.

Vinci, Tuscany
Vinci (English: /ˈvɪntʃi/ VIN-chee, Italian: [ˈvintʃi]) is a comune of the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany. The birthplace of Renaissance polymath Leonardo da Vinci lies just outside the town.
Stambolić
Stambolić is a Serbian surname Стамболић. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivan Stambolić (1936–2000), Serbian politician

Petar Stambolić (1912–2007), Yugoslav politician

Vesna Stambolić (born 1961), Serbian politician

Ivan Stambolić
Ivan Stambolić (Serbian: Иван Стамболић; 5 November 1936 – 25 August 2000) was a Serbian politician who served as the president of the League of Communists of Serbia (SKS) from 1984 to 1986. A prominent member of SKS, he also served as prime minister of Serbia from 1978 to 1982 and as president of Serbia from 1986 to 1987.

Stambolić was the mentor of Slobodan Milošević whom he also nominated as his successor to the position of the president of SKS. Milošević would, however, adopt populist positions and dismiss Stambolić and his allies in 1987. Stambolić retired from politics but remained in contact with opposition politicians during Milošević's rule in the 1990s. Stambolić was persuaded by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia to run against Milošević in the September 2000 general election, however, Stambolić disappeared in August 2000. It was later revealed that he was assassinated on the orders of Milošević. His uncle was politician Petar Stambolić.
Wētā Workshop
Wētā Workshop is a creative company delivering concept design, special effects, props, collectibles, immersive visitor experiences and video games, based in Miramar, Wellington, New Zealand. It also offers two tourism experiences, the Wētā Workshop Experiences Wellington Tour and Wētā Workshop Unleashed in Auckland. It is known for effects for television and film.

Collectable
A collectable, collectible, or collector's item is any object regarded as being of value or interest to a collector. Collectable items are not necessarily monetarily valuable or uncommon. There are numerous types of collectables and terms to denote those types. An antique is a collectable that is old. A curio is something deemed unique, uncommon, or weird, such as a decorative item. A manufactured collectable is an item made specifically for people to collect.
Rawat Fault
The Rawat Fault is a geological fault in Pakistan. It runs through Punjab, from Rawat, Islamabad to Kashmir. The collision of the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate created the Himalaya Salt Range and the Rawat Fault, a line of boulders that the English deputy commissioner of Rawalpindi referred to in the Rawalpindi Gazetteer of 1893–94 as "dogs' teeth".

Salt Range
The Salt Range (Punjabi: سلسلہ کوہ نمک, romanized: Silsila Koh Namakīn and Namkistan نمکستان) is a mountain range in the north of Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. The range extends along the south of the Potohar Plateau and the north of the Jhelum River. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Khewra, Kalabagh and Warcha which yield vast supplies of salt. Coal of a medium quality is also found here. The Salt Range starts from the Bakralla and Tilla Jogian ridges in the east and extends to the west of River Jhelum.

In the Himalayas and the Salt Range, rock containing fossil of marine life go back to the Ediacaran period (up to 570 million years ago), which shows these rocks have developed out of sea sediments, and that where the Himalayas are now was once a sea.

Sakesar is the highest peak of the Salt Range.

Namal Lake, Khabikki Lake and Uchhali Lake are lakes in the Salt Range.
On Learning to Dissect Fetal Pigs
"On Learning to Dissect Fetal Pigs" is a poem written in 2020 by American poet Renée Good. Written while Good was studying creative writing at Old Dominion University, in Norfolk, Virginia, it is a stichic poem consisting of 1 stanza with 34 lines.

Old Dominion University
Old Dominion University (ODU) is a public research university in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Established in 1930 as the two-year Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary, the school became an independent college in 1962 and attained university status in 1969. In 2023, it had an enrollment of 23,494 students, and its main campus covers 250 acres.

The university's name is derived from one of Virginia's state nicknames, "The Old Dominion", given by King Charles II of England in recognition of its loyalty to the crown during the English Civil War. ODU offers 175 undergraduate and graduate degree programs from seven colleges and three schools. It has a Carnegie Classification of "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" with "Higher Access, Medium Earnings". Old Dominion has approximately 165,000 alumni in all 50 US states and 67 countries.
Boxing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's welterweight
The men's welterweight competition of the boxing events at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was held between the 19 and 25 of July at the Oshawa Sports Centre. The defending champion is Carlos Banteux of Cuba. Welterweights is limited to those boxers weighing less than or equal to 69 kilograms.

Like all Pan American boxing events, the competition is a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers are awarded bronze medals, so no boxers compete again after their first loss. Bouts consist of  a 3 rounds "10-point must" scoring system used in the pro game, where the winner of each round must be awarded 10 points and the loser a lesser amount, and the elimination of the padded headgear. Five judges scored each bout. The winner will be the boxer who scored the most at the end of the match.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Supreme Court metro station
The Supreme Court metro station, formerly known as Pragati Maidan metro station, is situated on the Blue Line of the Delhi Metro. It provides access to the Supreme Court of India, the Pragati Maidan exhibition center, and the nearby ITO office area.

Blue Line (Delhi Metro)
The Blue Line (Line 3 & Line 4) is a rapid transit metro line of the Delhi Metro in Delhi, India. Predominantly elevated, it is the longest line (by total length) on the network and consists of a Main Line (Line 3) with 50 stations from Noida Electronic City to Dwarka Sector 21, spanning a length of 56.11 kilometres (34.87 miles), and a Branch Line (Line 4) consisting of eight stations from Vaishali to Yamuna Bank, with a length of 8.51 kilometres (5.29 miles).

The Main Line (Line 3) held the title of the longest line in the Delhi Metro network until August 6, 2021, when the inauguration of the unfinished section between Shree Ram Mandir Mayur Vihar and Trilokpuri Sanjay Lake stations on the Pink Line extended it to a 59 km (36.66 mi)-long corridor, surpassing Line 3.
FN HP-DA
FN HP-DA (Hi-Power Double Action) is a 9mm semi-automatic pistol developed by Belgian Fabrique Nationale arms factory in Herstal. In North American markets, it was marketed as the Browning BDA (Browning Double Action, also BDA9) and is also referred to as Browning DA and Browning Hi-Power BDA.

Introduced in 1983, it is an update of the Browning Hi-Power (a.k.a. GP 35 in Belgium and French-speaking countries). The overall design layout of all versions of the pistol is based on the Browning Hi-Power, but the firearm features significant ergonomic changes designed to update the weapon to military requirements of its time.

Herstal
Herstal (French pronunciation: [ɛʁstal] ⓘ; Walloon: Hesta), formerly known as Heristal, or Héristal (pronounced [eʁistal]), is a municipality and city of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium. It lies along the Meuse river. Herstal is included in the "Greater Liège" agglomeration, which counts about 600,000 inhabitants.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Herstal, Liers, Milmort, and Vottem.

A large armaments factory, the Fabrique Nationale or FN, and the biggest industrial zone of Wallonia (Haut-Sart) provide employment locally.
Titans: Beast World
"Titans: Beast World" is  an eight-issue comic book crossover storyline published by DC Comics from November 2023 to January 2024, featuring Titans dealing with the people of Earth turning into animals after being exposed to Beast Boy's spores. This is the first major crossover event where the Teen Titans are in the main spotlight, and it is written by Tom Taylor and drawn by Ivan Reis as part of the Dawn of DC initiative. The event received critical acclaim from critics who praised Tom Taylor's writing, the characters, the art, and the tie-ins.

Jon Kent (DC Comics)
Jon Kent is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the son of the superhero Superman and Daily Planet reporter Lois Lane. Created by Dan Jurgens, the character first appeared in Convergence: Superman #2 (July 2015). Jon is the newest character in the DC Universe who assumes the superhero persona of Superboy and later takes on the mantle of Superman.

The character has appeared in other media, including the TV series Superman & Lois, the animated film Batman and Superman: Battle of the Super Sons, and video games.
Brugmann
Brugmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruce B. Brugmann, editor and publisher of the San Francisco Bay Guardian

Georges Brugmann (1829–1900), Belgian banker and philanthropist

Karl Brugmann (1849–1919), German linguist
Brugmann's law

Samantha Brugmann, American biologist

Walter Brugmann (1887–1944), German architect

Brugmann's law
In historical linguistics, Brugmann's law describes the outcomes of the Proto-Indo-European vowel *o in the Indo-Iranian languages based on the syllabic context in which the vowel occurred. In short, when the Proto-Indo-European short vowel *o occurred in an open syllable – that is, a syllable in which the vowel is the final element – it became the Proto-Indo-Iranian long vowel *ā so long as the syllable was not word-final. Otherwise, *o became the short vowel *a. The law is named for the German linguist Karl Brugmann.
Hakodate-Esashi Expressway
The Hakodate-Esashi Expressway (函館江差自動車道, Hakodate-Esashi Jidōshadō) is an incomplete two-lane national expressway in Oshima Subprefecture of Hokkaido, Japan. It is owned and operated by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and is signed E5A as an extension of the Hokkaido Expressway under the "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通省, Kokudo-kōtsū-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Land and Transport'; MLIT) is a ministry of the Japanese government. It is responsible for one-third of all the laws and orders in Japan and is the largest Japanese ministry in terms of employees, as well as the second-largest executive agency of the Japanese government after the Ministry of Defense. The ministry oversees four external agencies including the Japan Coast Guard, the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Japan Tourism Agency.
Arthur Waugh (priest)
Christianity portal

Arthur Thornhill Waugh  (1840–1922) was an Anglican priest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Waugh was born in Winchester on 23 November 1842 and educated at Christ's Hospital and Jesus College, Cambridge. He was then a master at Rossall School, during which period he was also a Curate at Thornton. He was ordained in 1867 and then held incumbencies in Elmstead and Brighton  before his appointment as a Residentiary Canon at Ripon Cathedral in 1891. He was Archdeacon of Ripon from 1894 to 1905. In 1895 he was appointed Master of the Ripon Hospitals.

He died on 20 November 1922.

Elmstead, Essex
Elmstead is a village and civil parish in the Tendring district of Essex, England. The parish includes Elmstead Market, located south of Elmstead. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,987.
Basem Naim
Basem Naim (Arabic: باسم نعيم, romanized: Bāsim Naʿīm; born 24 January 1963) is a Palestinian physician, politician, and Hamas official. Naim served as Minister of Health in the First Haniyeh Government; then, as Minister of Youth and Sports in the Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007. He resides in Istanbul, Turkey.

Second Haniyeh Government
The Second Haniyeh Government, also known as the Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007 (Arabic: المجلس الفلسطيني لآذار 17 2007), was a Palestinian Authority unity government headed by Ismail Haniyeh, the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority that was formed on 17 March 2007 and dissolved on 14 June 2007.

The Unity Government was formed on 17 March 2007 following negotiations in Mecca, but due to failing international support (because it did not meet the conditions required by the Quartet on the Middle East), it was short-lived. Israel immediately rejected the Government and said it will deal with Abbas, but not with the new government unless it recognizes the Jewish state. Israeli officials said they would try to persuade the world not to deal with the government.

The Government was dissolved by President Mahmoud Abbas on 14 June 2007 after the Hamas takeover of Gaza.
Black liquor
In industrial chemistry, black liquor is the by-product from the kraft process when digesting pulpwood into paper pulp removing lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from the wood to free the cellulose fibers.

The equivalent material in the sulfite process is usually called brown liquor, but the terms red liquor, thick liquor and sulfite liquor are also used.

Hemicellulose
A hemicellulose (also known as polyose) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls. Cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis. Hemicelluloses are branched, shorter in length than cellulose, and also show a propensity to crystallize.  They can be hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as a myriad of hemicellulase enzymes.
South Africa A cricket team in India in 2025–26
The South Africa A cricket team toured India in October and November 2025 to play against India A cricket team. The tour consisted of two first-class and three List A matches. In May 2025, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) confirmed the fixtures for the tour. The first-class and List A series formed part of both teams' preparation ahead of Test series which was part of 2025–2027 World Test Championship fixtures and ODI series.

The venue for the unofficial ODIs was updated from Bengaluru to Rajkot in June 2025.

India A cricket team
The India A cricket team is a national cricket team representing second-tier cricket of India national cricket team. The matches played by India A receive first-class and List A classification. It is a developmental team, domestic players who are about to get picked and are in contention for national team get selected in this team or some international players who are not in national team contention also sometimes play.

The team had played in NKP Salve Challenger Trophy as India Red, Its names were changed for the 2006 version of this tournament. India A became India Red. The team has won the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy four times (2001/02, 2003/04, 2004,05, 2009/10) and shared the trophy thrice (1998/99, 2006/07, 2011/12). They won the Duleep Trophy in 2024.
Fort Sill
Fort Sill is a major United States Army post north of Lawton, Oklahoma, approximately 85 miles (137 km) southwest of Oklahoma City, established in 1869 during the Indian Wars. It covers almost 94,000 acres (38,000 ha) in southwestern Oklahoma and serves as headquarters of the U.S. Army Fires Center of Excellence. The installation is a Basic Combat Training facility, training over 20,000 personnel annually in field artillery, air defense artillery, and electronic warfare.

Fort Sill has participated in every major U.S. conflict since its founding, evolving from a frontier cavalry outpost to a modern training hub. It houses key units including the United States Army Field Artillery School, 75th Field Artillery Brigade (United States), and the 31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States). The post also supports a United States Marine Corps detachment for joint artillery training.

United States Army Aviation Center of Excellence
The U.S. Army Aviation Center of Excellence is the United States Army Aviation Branch's headquarters, and its training and development center, located at Fort Rucker, Alabama. The Aviation Center of Excellence coordinates and deploys aviation operations and trains aviation officers in a variety of topics, including classroom navigation instruction, aircraft piloting, and basic combat.

The Center of Excellence includes three aviation brigades, the 1st Aviation Brigade, 110th Aviation Brigade, and 128th Aviation Brigade, various army tenant organizations, and a non-commissioned officers' academy.