hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships
The swimming competition at the 12th FINA World Aquatics Championships was held in Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia, from 25 March to 1 April 2007. This portion of the 2007 Worlds featured 40 events (20 for males, 20 for females), all swum in a long course (50 m) pool:

freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m;

backstroke: 50 m, 100 m and 200 m;

breaststroke: 50 m, 100 m and 200 m;

butterfly: 50 m, 100 m and 200 m;

individual medley (I.M.): 200 m and 400 m; and

relays: 4 × 100 m free, 4 × 200 m free, and 4 × 100 m medley.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Hermann, Missouri
Hermann is a city in and the  county seat of Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. It has been the county seat since 1842. It is near the center of the Missouri Rhineland and south of the Missouri River. The population was 2,185 at the 2020 census.

Described as a Rhineland village, the city is the commercial center of the Hermann American Viticultural Area, whose seven wineries produce about one-third of the state's wine. Designated in 1983, it is one of the first federally recognized American Viticultural Areas. The designation recognized the renaissance of an area of vineyards and wineries established by Rhinelanders during the mid-19th century. Shut down by Prohibition, it began to revive in the 1960s.

Hermann holds a Maifest during the third weekend in May and an Oktoberfest the first four weekends in October. Hermann also calls itself the sausage-making capital of Missouri.

Maifest
Maifest (or Mayfest in English) is the traditional German celebration of the arrival of spring. Maifest is celebrated throughout Germany with the maibaum (maypole) decorated to show off the history and crafts of the town.

Several communities in the United States celebrate Maifest yearly. It has been celebrated in Cincinnati, Ohio, since 1873. Brenham, Texas, has celebrated Maifest since 1880; the town celebrates with costumes and a parade. Maifest is treated as a town holiday in Brenham, with Brenham Independent School District releasing students early on the Friday before.
Étienne Bierry
Étienne Bierry (13 October 1918  - 4 July 2015 ) was a French stage and film actor as well as a theatre director.

With his spouse Renée Delmas, Étienne Bierry was managing director of the Théâtre de Poche Montparnasse from 1958 to 2011. He was the father of Liliane Bierry, Florence Génin, Marion Bierry, theatre director and Stéphane Bierry, comedian

Peter Turrini
Peter Turrini (born 26 September 1944 in St Margarethen im Lavanttal, Carinthia) is an Austrian playwright known for his socio-critical work and earlier folk-dramas. Turrini has been writing since 1971, when his play Rozznjogd premiered at the Volkstheater, Vienna. A versatile author, he has written plays, screenplays, poems, and essays. Rather than presenting an authentic picture of reality, in Turrini's understanding it is the function of the theatre to exaggerate and, by doing so, to raise the consciousness of the public.

He lives in Vienna and Retz, Lower Austria.
Ibusuki volcanic field
The Ibusuki volcanic field, also known as the Ibusuki Volcano or Ibusuki Volcanic Group (指宿火山群), is an area of current volcanic and geothermal activity at the tip of the  Satsuma Peninsula,  Kagoshima prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. It is administered as part of Ibusuki City and Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park.

Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park
Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park (霧島錦江湾国立公園, Kirishima-Kinkōwan Kokuritsu Kōen) is a national park in Kyūshū, Japan. It is composed of Kirishima-Kagoshima Bay, an area of Kagoshima Prefecture and Miyazaki Prefecture known for its active volcanoes, volcanic lakes, and onsen. The total area is 365.86 square kilometres (141.26 sq mi).
Penzance Lifeboat Station
Penzance Lifeboat Station was the base for Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) operations in Mount's Bay in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The first lifeboat to be placed at Penzance was in 1803 but a permanent station was not established until 1853. It closed in 1917 by which time the Penlee Lifeboat Station had been established.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Brian Naylor (racing driver)
John Brian Naylor (24 March 1923 – 8 August 1989) was a British racing driver from England. He participated in seven Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 3 August 1958.  He scored no championship points.

The son of a wealthy Stockport motor dealer, Naylor financed the building of his own Cooper-based JBW car, which he raced in several grands prix, although the car was out of its depth at that level.

Naylor finished 42nd in the 1961 Daytona 500, becoming the first European driver to compete in NASCAR.

Cooper Car Company
The Cooper Car Company was a British car manufacturer founded in December 1947 by Charles Cooper and his son John Cooper.  Together with John's boyhood friend, Eric Brandon, they began by building racing cars in Charles's small garage in Surbiton, Surrey, England, in 1946. Through the 1950s and early 1960s they reached motor racing's highest levels as their mid-engined, single-seat cars competed in both Formula One and the Indianapolis 500, and their Mini Cooper dominated rally racing.  The Cooper name lives on in the Cooper versions of the Mini production cars that are built in England, but is now owned and marketed by BMW.
Extinction ratio
In telecommunications, extinction ratio (re) is the ratio of two optical power levels of a digital signal generated by an optical source, e.g., a laser diode. The extinction ratio may be expressed as a fraction, in dB, or as a percentage. It may be given by

where P1 is the optical power level generated when the light source is on, and P0 is the power level generated when the light source is off.

The polarization extinction ratio (PER) is the ratio of optical powers of perpendicular polarizations, usually called TE (transverse electric) and TM (transverse magnetic). In telecommunications, the PER is used to characterize the degree of polarization in a polarization-maintaining device polarization-maintaining optical fiber. For coherent transmitter and receiver, the PER is a key parameter, since X polarization and Y polarization are coded with different signals.

Power (physics)
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt (symbol W), equal to one joule per second (J/s). Power is a scalar quantity.

The output power of a motor is the product of the torque that the motor generates and the angular velocity of its output shaft.  Likewise, the power dissipated in an electrical element of a circuit is the product of the current flowing through the element and of the voltage across the element.
Lobelia heterophylla
Lobelia heterophylla is a blue to purple flowered herb found in Southern Australia. The specific epithet refers to the variety of leaf forms found on individual plants. The species was first described by Jacques Labillardière in his seminal work on Australian flora, Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen. L. heterophylla has a wide distribution, due to its ability to inhabit a variety of soil types. The habit of the herbaceous plant is erect, up to 0.6 metres, with flowers appearing from August or October to December, or January to February. The flower whorl is deeply cleft, its colour range of blue, scarlet or purple is well known and it is considered to be a desirable specimen for use in gardens. The plant is commonly referred to as wing-seeded lobelia and Australian blue creeper (various-leaved lobelia). The species was featured and illustrated by Joseph Paxton in 1838.

Joseph Paxton
Sir Joseph Paxton (3 August 1803 – 8 June 1865) was an English gardener, architect, engineer and Liberal Member of Parliament. He is best known for designing the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park, London to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, the first world's fair, great public parks such as Birkenhead Park, and for cultivating the Cavendish banana, the most consumed banana in the Western world.
Great Britain at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
Great Britain competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, from 28 August to 8 September 2024. This was Great Britain's seventeenth consecutive time competing at the Summer Paralympic Games since the first Games in 1960. UK Sport set the team a target of winning between 100 and 140 medals at the event.

The team was made up of athletes from the whole United Kingdom including Northern Ireland (whose people may elect to hold Irish citizenship and are able to be selected to represent either Great Britain or Ireland at the Paralympics). Additionally some British overseas territories compete separately from Britain in Paralympic competition. British media celebrated "Super Sunday" on Day 4 of the Paralympics, when 18 medals, 12 of which were gold, were won by British athletes.

1960 Summer Paralympics
The 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, retroactively designated as the 1960 Summer Paralympics, were the first international Paralympic Games, following on from the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1948 and 1952. They were organised under the aegis of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation. The term "Paralympic Games" was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) first in 1984, while the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was formed in 1989.

The Games were held in Rome, Italy from September 18 to 25, 1960, with the 1960 Summer Olympics. The only disability included in these Paralympics was spinal cord injury. There were 400 athletes from 23 countries.
HMS Mars (1759)
HMS Mars was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 15 March 1759 at Woolwich Dockyard.

Mars took part in the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November 1759, flying the broad pennant of Commodore James Young.

From 1778, Mars was on harbour service, and was broken up in 1784.

Commodore (Royal Navy)
Commodore (Cdre) is a rank of the Royal Navy above captain and below rear admiral. It has a NATO ranking code of OF-6.  The rank is equivalent to brigadier in the British Army and the Royal Marines and to air commodore in the Royal Air Force. Commodore has been a substantive rank in the Royal Navy since only 1997. Until then the term denoted a functional position rather than a formal rank, being the title bestowed on the senior officer of a fleet of at least two naval vessels comprising an independent (usually ad hoc and short-term) command. (In this case, for instance, a lieutenant in substantive rank could be a commodore for the term of the command.)
Heinrich Rohrer
Heinrich Rohrer (6 June 1933 – 16 May 2013) was a Swiss physicist who shared half of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gerd Binnig for the design of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The other half of the Prize was awarded to Ernst Ruska. The Heinrich Rohrer Medal is presented triennially by the Surface Science Society of Japan with IBM Research – Zurich, Swiss Embassy in Japan, and Ms. Rohrer in his memory. The medal is not to be confused with the Heinrich Rohrer Award presented at the Nano Seoul 2020 conference.

IBM Research
IBM Research is the research and development division for IBM, an American multinational information technology company. IBM Research is headquartered at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, near IBM headquarters in Armonk, New York. It is the largest industrial research organization in the world with operations in over 170 countries and twelve laboratories on six continents.

IBM employees have garnered six Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, 20 inductees into the U.S. National Inventors Hall of Fame, 19 National Medals of Technology, five National Medals of Science and three Kavli Prizes. As of 2018, the company had generated more patents than any other business in each of 25 consecutive years.
A-League Men transfers for 2022–23 season
This is a list of Australian soccer transfers for the 2022–23 A-League Men. Only moves featuring at least one A-League Men club are listed.

Clubs were able to sign players at any time, but many transfers will only officially go through on 1 June because the majority of player contracts finish on 31 May.

2022–23 A-League Men
The 2022–23 A-League Men, known as the Isuzu UTE A-League for sponsorship reasons, was the 46th season of national level men's soccer in Australia, and the 18th since the establishment of the competition as the A-League in 2004.

The regular season commenced on 7 October 2022. The season featured a mid-season break from 18 November 2022 to 8 December 2022 due to the 2022 FIFA World Cup being held in Qatar.

Melbourne City were the defending premiers and Western United were the defending champions. Melbourne City successfully defended their title, winning their third premiership in a row with two games remaining. Central Coast Mariners won their second championship, defeating Melbourne City 6–1 in the Grand Final.

This season was the first A-League Men season since 2013–14 to record an increase in average attendance compared to the previous season.
Linear encoder
A linear encoder is a sensor, transducer or readhead paired with a scale that encodes position. The sensor reads the scale in order to convert the encoded position into an analog or digital signal, which can then be decoded into position by a digital readout (DRO) or motion controller.

The encoder can be either incremental or absolute. In an incremental system, position is determined by motion over time; in contrast, in an absolute system, motion is determined by position over time. Linear encoder technologies include optical, magnetic, inductive, capacitive and eddy current. Optical technologies include shadow, self imaging and interferometric. Linear encoders are used in metrology instruments, motion systems, inkjet printers and high precision machining tools ranging from digital calipers and coordinate measuring machines to stages, CNC mills, manufacturing gantry tables and semiconductor steppers.

Transducer
A transducer is a device that usefully converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another.
Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.). The process of converting one form of energy to another is known as transduction.
Antonia Delaere
Antonia Delaere (born 1 August 1994) is a Belgian basketball player for Perfumerías Avenida, in the Liga Femenina de Baloncesto, the Spanish Women's League. She also plays in the Belgian national team.

She participated at the EuroBasket Women 2017, the EuroBasket Women 2021 where Belgium won the bronze medal. She was also part of the Belgian squad that became European champion in 2023 and 2025. In that latter tournament, she became the unlikely match winner for Belgium in both the semi-final against Italy and the final against Spain making clutch match winning baskets allowing Belgium to overtake the lead in both games with reps. 17 and 5 seconds left on the clock.

Liga Femenina de Baloncesto
The Liga Femenina de Baloncesto, also known as Liga Femenina Endesa for sponsorship reasons, is the highest level of league competition for women's basketball in Spain. It is the women's equivalent of the men's Liga ACB and is run by the Spanish Basketball Federation. The league was founded in 1964 and is played under FIBA rules.

Throughout its history 13 clubs have been champions; CB Godella-Pool Getafe (with both names), Ros Casares and Perfumerías Avenida have won the most championships, with eight.
Prudential RideLondon-Surrey 100
The RideLondon-Surrey 100 is a 100-mile closed-road cyclosportive closely following the 2012 Olympic road race course (with a minor diversion, avoiding Richmond Hill) starting at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and heading through central London and Surrey via Richmond Park, passing numerous iconic landmarks, including the Tower of London, Trafalgar Square, St. James's Palace, Harrods the Victoria & Albert Museum, and Hampton Court Palace, and climbing Leith Hill and Box Hill before returning through Wimbledon to London to finish on The Mall.

This cyclosportive was first held during the 2013 Prudential RideLondon two-day festival of cycling, during which nearly 16,000 cyclists including London mayor Boris Johnson completed the course.

Richmond Hill, London
Richmond Hill in Richmond and Petersham, London, is a hill that begins gently in the north and north-east side of Richmond town and through its former fields, orchards and vineyard to a point just within Richmond Park, the deer park emparked and enclosed by Charles I.

Richmond Hill shares postcodes with Ham and Petersham TW10.
My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (2017 television specials)
My Little Pony: Equestria Girls is a trilogy of animated television specials based on the toy line and media franchise by Hasbro, which was spun-off from the 2010 relaunch of My Little Pony. As with prior installments, the specials follow the main characters from the television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, re-envisioned as humanoid teenagers attending high school.

Three 22-minute specials were produced by DHX Media Vancouver for Hasbro Studios. First announced in October 2016, they aired from June 24 to July 8, 2017, on Discovery Family (a channel partly owned by Hasbro).

Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).
Kalutara Electoral District
Kalutara electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Kalutara in the Western province. The district currently elects 10 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 813,233 registered electors in 2010. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 03.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.
Lačna Gora
Lačna Gora (pronounced [ˈlaːtʃna ˈɡɔːɾa]; German: Latschenberg) is a settlement in the southern Pohorje Hills north of Oplotnica in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional Styria region. The Municipality of Oplotnica is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Loghill Village, Colorado
Loghill Village is a Census-designated place (CDP) in and governed by Ouray County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Montrose, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Loghill Village CDP was 617 at the United States Census 2020. The Ridgway post office (Zip Code 81432) serves Loghill Village postal addresses.

Ridgway State Park
Ridgway State Park is a state park located in Ouray County, Colorado, United States.  The park is 21 miles southeast of Montrose, 14 miles northeast of Ouray, 4 miles north of the town of Ridgway and 312 miles southwest of Denver. The wildlife consists of deer, mountain lions, coyotes, rabbits, and elk.  Due to the park's variety of animal life, the park is used as a hunting ground although hunting opportunities are extremely limited due to proximity to developed areas.
Joseph Christopher Ewart
Joseph Christopher Ewart (1799 – 14 December 1868) was a British Liberal and Whig politician.

He was elected Whig MP for Liverpool at a by-election in 1855—caused by the succession of Henry Liddell to 2nd Baron Ravensworth—and held the seat until 1865 when he was defeated.

He was the third son of William Ewart, a Scottish-born Liverpool merchant. William Ewart was a close friend of another Scottish merchant, John (later Sir John) Gladstone, and the namesake of John's son - William Ewart Gladstone, the Victorian statesman and four times Prime Minister.

1865 United Kingdom general election
The 1865 United Kingdom general election was held 7 July 1865 to 24 July 1865 to elect 658 members of the House of Commons. It saw the Liberals, led by Lord Palmerston, increase their large majority over the Earl of Derby's Conservatives to 80.

Palmerston died in October the same year and was succeeded by Lord John Russell as Prime Minister. Despite the Liberal majority, the party was divided by the issue of further parliamentary reform, and Russell resigned after being defeated in a vote in the House of Commons in 1866, leading to minority Conservative governments under Derby and then Benjamin Disraeli.

This was the last United Kingdom general election until 2019 where a party increased its majority after having been returned to office at the previous election with a reduced majority.