hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hirubhai M. Patel
Hirubhai Mulljibhai Patel CIE, also known as H. M. Patel, (27 August 1904 — 30 November 1993) was an Indian civil servant who played a major role in the issues regarding internal and national security in the first years after the independence of India. From 1977 to 1979, he served as the Finance Minister and later Home Minister of India. He was also the chairman of the Charutar Vidya Mandal, which founded Vallabh Vidyapith that was later on named as Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar.

Swatantra Party
The Swatantra Party (lit. 'Free Party'  or 'Independent Party') was an Indian classical liberal political party that existed from 1959 to 1974. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the increasingly socialist and statist outlook of the ruling Indian National Congress government under prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

The party had a number of distinguished leaders, most of them old Congress leaders, like C. Rajagopalachari, Minoo Masani, N. G. Ranga, Darshan Singh Pheruman, Udham Singh Nagoke, and K. M. Munshi.

Swatantra stood for a market-based economy and the dismantling of the "Licence Raj" although it opposed laissez-faire policies. Nehru was highly critical of Swatantra and dubbed it as belonging to "the middle ages of lords, castles, and zamindars".
1937 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1937 Iowa Hawkeyes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Iowa as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1937 Big Ten football season. In their first season under head coach Irl Tubbs, the Hawkeyes compiled a 1–7 record (0–5 in conference games), finished in last place in the Big Ten, and was outscored by a total of 120 to 36.

Homer Harris was the team captain. End Bob Lannon was selected as the most valuable player; he also received first-team honors from th Associated Press on the 1937 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Halfback Nile Kinnick received first-team All-Big Ten honors from th United Press.

The team played its home games at Iowa Stadium (later renamed Kinnick Stadium) in Iowa City, Iowa.

1937 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1937 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference teams chosen by various selectors for the 1937 Big Ten Conference football season.
Electoral district of Uralla-Walcha
Uralla-Walcha was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, including the towns of Uralla and Walcha. It was originally created in 1894, when multi-member districts were abolished, and the three member district of New England was largely divided between Uralla-Walcha, Armidale and Bingara. The district was abolished in 1904 as a result of the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which reduced the number of members of the Legislative Assembly from 125 to 90, and was divided between Armidale and Bingara.

Uralla, New South Wales
Uralla is a town on the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. It is located at the intersection of the New England Highway and Thunderbolts Way, 465 kilometres (289 mi) north of Sydney and about 23 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of the city of Armidale. At the 2016 census, the township of Uralla had a population of 2,388. According to the 2021 census, the population of Uralla had increased to 2,728.

At more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level, Uralla's high altitude makes for cool to cold winters and mild summers.

Uralla has maintained significant heritage characteristics, with more than 50 buildings and sites of heritage significance.

During the 1980s and 1990s, the community bought and restored McCrossins Mill, and the complex now operates as a museum, gallery and function centre, run by volunteers. It is also the starting point for a heritage walk.
Wakely Mountain Fire Observation Station
The Wakely Mountain Fire Observation Station is a historic fire observation station located on Wakely Mountain at Lake Pleasant in Hamilton County, New York. The station and contributing resources include a 70-foot-tall (21 m), steel-frame lookout tower erected in 1916 and a 3-mile (4.8 km) foot trail that leads down the mountain. The tower is a prefabricated structure built by the Aermotor Corporation. It is one of the initial ten towers purchased by the State Commission to provide a front line of defense in preserving the Adirondack Forest Preserve from the hazards of forest fires.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Hamilton County, New York
Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,107, making it the least populous county in New York and its only county with fewer than 10,000 residents. With a land area nearly the size of Delaware, it is the least densely populated county east of the Mississippi River. Its county seat is Lake Pleasant.  The county was created in 1816 and organized in 1847. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Hamilton County is one of only two counties that lie entirely within the Adirondack Park (Essex being the other). There are no permanent traffic lights in the county, and much of the county has no cell phone service.
John Chisholm (police officer)
John C. "Jock" Chisholm (c. 1896 – July 4, 1958) was the first chief constable of the Toronto Police Department and Metropolitan Toronto Police Force until his death in 1958. Chisholm was the first Toronto chief to be appointed with policing experience.

Chisholm's father was a lay preacher in Dundee City Prison when John was growing up, giving him an interest in criminology. He was educated at the High School of Dundee.

High School of Dundee
The High School of Dundee is a private, co-educational, day school in Dundee, Scotland, which provides nursery, primary and secondary education to just over one thousand pupils. Its foundation has been dated to 1239, and it is the only private school in Dundee.

The school's rector is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

The school has been registered as a charity in Scotland since July 1897.
Ed Hemingway
Edson Marshall Hemingway (May 8, 1893 – July 5, 1969) was a professional baseball player. He was an infielder over parts of three seasons (1914, 1917–18) with the St. Louis Browns, New York Giants and Philadelphia Phillies. For his career, he compiled a .225 batting average in 138 at-bats, with 13 runs batted in.

He was born in Sheridan, Michigan and died in Grand Rapids, Michigan at the age of 76.

Sheridan, Michigan
Sheridan is a village in Montcalm County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 692 at the 2020 census, up from 649 in 2010. The village is located at the corners of four townships and incorporates land from each: Evergreen Township to the northeast, Bushnell Township to the southeast, Fairplain Township to the southwest, and Sidney Township to the northwest.
Lex Trebonia (55 BC)
The Lex Trebonia was a Roman law passed in 55 BC during the second joint consulship of Marcus Licinius Crassus and Pompey, as part of their informal political arrangement known as the First Triumvirate. Sponsored by the tribune of the plebs Gaius Trebonius, the legislation granted each outgoing consul an extended five-year proconsular command, similar to the one granted to Julius Caesar for his conquest of Gaul. Crassus received the province of Syria, with the barely disguised intention of launching an invasion of Parthia. Pompey received the provinces of Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior, but remained in Rome and conducted his administration through legates.

At the same time, Gaius Julius Caesar's term as governor of the provinces Transalpine Gaul, Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum was extended, hostilities in Gaul having reignited. By law, Caesar could not run for a second consulship until ten years after his first, and he wished not to return to Rome as a private citizen.

Legate (ancient Rome)
A legate (Latin: legatus, Classical Latin: [ɫeːˈɡaːtʊs]) was a high-ranking military officer in the Roman army, equivalent to a modern-era general officer. Initially used to delegate power, the term became formalised under Augustus as the officer in command of a Roman legion.

From the times of the Roman Republic, legates received large shares of the military's rewards at the end of a successful campaign. This made the position a lucrative one, so it could often attract even distinguished consuls or other high-ranking political figures within Roman politics (e.g., the consul Lucius Julius Caesar volunteered late in the Gallic Wars as a legate under his first cousin, Gaius Julius Caesar).

Diplomats and envoys sent by Rome were also given the title of legate.
Baked pasta
There is a variety of baked pasta dishes, also called by their Italian name, pasta al forno:

Lasagne in Italy
Vincisgrassi

Timballo in Italy

Macaroni casserole in northern Europe, imaqarrun in Malta

Macaroni schotel in Indonesia

Pastitsio, oven macaroni, or bechamel macaroni, in Greek, Cypriot, Egyptian, and Maltese cuisine

Baked ziti in Italian-American cuisine

Giouvetsi in Greek cuisine

Johnny Marzetti, a Midwestern American dish

Kugel, an Ashkenazi Jewish dish

Macaroni and cheese or macaroni cheese in American and British cuisine

Macaroni pie in various European and North American cuisines, with or without a crust

Pastitsio
Pastitsio (Greek: παστίτσιο, pastítsio) is a baked pasta dish with ground meat and béchamel sauce, which came from the Ionian Islands to Greece. Variations of the dish are found in other countries near the Mediterranean Sea.
Tony George
Anton Hulman "Tony" George (born December 30, 1959) is the former Chairman, President, and CEO of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Hulman & Company, serving from 1989 to 2009. He was also formerly on the Board of Directors of both entities. He founded the Indy Racing League and co-owned Vision Racing and currently co-owns Ed Carpenter Racing.

George is the grandson of Tony Hulman, who purchased the Indianapolis Motor Speedway at the end of World War II, and Mary Fendrich Hulman. He is the son of Mari Hulman George. George is a former driver, having competed in the 1989 Indy Lights championship, finishing 12th in points and capturing five top-tens.

Indy NXT
Indy NXT (pronounced "Indy Next"), previously Indy Lights, is an American developmental automobile racing series sanctioned by IndyCar, currently known as INDY NXT by Firestone for sponsorship reasons. Indy NXT is the highest step on the Road to Indy, a program of racing series leading up to the IndyCar Series.

A similar series named Indy Lights filled the developmental role for the CART series, and ran from 1986 to 1993 as the American Racing Series and Dayton Indy Lights from 1991 to 2001. The current IndyCar sanctioned series was founded in 2002 as the Infiniti Pro Series as a way to introduce new talent to IndyCar, with the moniker Indy Lights returning in 2008 when CART and IndyCar unified. The Indy Lights champion was awarded a $1M scholarship toward the IndyCar Series, and guaranteed three races including the Indianapolis 500 during this time. For 2023, Penske Entertainment announced a rebranding to the name Indy NXT.
Antoine Von Boozier
Antoine Quarles (born November 10, 1985), better known by his stage name Antoine Von Boozier, is an American actor, columnist, television personality, singer, and former publicist. He is best known for appearances on Kings, Limitless, Katie Couric Show, The Real Housewives of New York City, Broad City, and Mob Wives.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
USCGC Joseph Doyle
USCGC Joseph Doyle (WPC-1133) is the United States Coast Guard's 33rd Sentinel-class cutter. Upon completion, she was transferred to the Coast Guard in Key West for her acceptance trials on March 21, 2019. She was commissioned on June 8, 2019, and is the first of a second cohort of cutters commissioned in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The first batch of six cutters were commissioned there in 2015 and 2016.

United States Coast Guard Cutter
United States Coast Guard Cutter is the term used by the U.S. Coast Guard for its commissioned vessels.  They are 65 feet (19.8 m) or greater in length and have a permanently assigned crew with accommodations aboard.  They carry the ship prefix USCGC.
Maung Kyu
Maung Kyu (born 11 August 1970 in Myaungmya) is a Burmese sport shooter who competes in the men's 10 metre air pistol. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he finished 39th in the qualifying round, failing to make the cut for the final.

Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air pistol
The Men's 10 metre air pistol event at the 2012 Olympic Games took place on 28 July 2012 at the Royal Artillery Barracks.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 60 shots with an air pistol at 10 metres distance. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10.

The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 10 shots. These shots scored in increments of 0.1, with a maximum score of 10.9. The total score from all 70 shots was used to determine final ranking.
Salceda de Caselas
Salceda de Caselas is a municipality in the province of Pontevedra, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Vigo. It is bordered to the north by the municipality of Ponteareas, to the southeast by the municipality of Salvaterra de Miño, to the southwest by the municipality of Tui, and to the northwest by O Porriño.

Vigo (comarca)
Vigo is a comarca in the Galician province of Pontevedra, Spain. It covers an area of 613.4 km2, centred on the city of Vigo, and the overall population of this comarca was 423,825 at the 2011 Census; the latest official estimate (for the start of 2019) was 424,765.

The comarca is formed from the following 11 municipalities:
Wen Zongyao
Wen Zongyao or Wen Tsung-yao (traditional Chinese: 溫宗堯; simplified Chinese: 温宗尧; pinyin: Wēn Zōngyáo) (1876 – November 30, 1947), courtesy name Qinfu (欽甫), was a politician and diplomat in the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China. In the late Qing era, he belonged to the pro-reform group. In the era of the Republic, he participated in the Sun Yat-sen's Canton Militarist Government. However, during the invasion of Japanese, he was a leading politician in the Reformed Government of the Republic of China and the Wang Jingwei regime, which were puppets state installed by the Japanese. He was born in Xinning, now Taishan), Guangdong.

Taishan, Guangdong
Taishan is a county-level city in the southwest of Guangdong province, China. It is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen. During the 2020 census, there were 907,354 inhabitants (941,095 in 2010), but only 433,266 were considered urban. As one of the most renowned qiao'xiangs, Taishan calls itself the "First Home of the Overseas Chinese". An estimated half a million Chinese Americans are of Taishanese descent.

It was named Xinning (新寧) until 1914, which was romanised as "Sunning".
Abu Qilqil Subdistrict
Abu Qilqil Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية أبو قلقل)  is a subdistrict of Manbij District in Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. Administrative centre is the town of Abu Qilqil.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 47,109.

Abu Qilqil
Abu Qilqil (Arabic: أبو قلقل, also transliterated Abu Qalqal or Qibab Abu Qalqal) is a town in the northeastern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. The village is located some 10 km (6.2 mi) to the northwest of the Tishreen Dam on the Tishreen Plain, part of the larger Manbij Plain. Nearby localities include district center Manbij 16 km (9.9 mi) to the northwest. In the 2004 census, it had a population of 2,742.
Martha Farmer Brewer
Martha Farmer Brewer (October 27, 1930 – November 14, 2006) was the wife of Alabama's 49th governor Albert Brewer and the former First Lady of Alabama.

She was born in Anniston, Alabama and raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee. While attending college at the University of Alabama she met Albert Brewer. The two were married for 56 years. Brewer and her husband were devoted to each other, and they had a close and physically affectionate marriage.

Albert Brewer served as governor until January 1971. He lost a battle for the 1970 Democratic gubernatorial nomination to George Wallace.

Martha Brewer died on November 14, 2006, in Vestavia Hills, Alabama.  Her memorial service was held at the Mountain Brook Baptist Church.

Anniston, Alabama
Anniston is a city and the county seat of Calhoun County in Alabama, United States, and is one of two urban centers/principal cities of and included in the Anniston–Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Anniston had a population of 21,564. Named "The Model City" by Atlanta newspaperman Henry W. Grady for its careful planning in the late 19th century, the city is situated on the slope of Blue Mountain.
Quail Creek (Alaska)
Quail Creek is a stream in Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, in the United States. It is a tributary of Troublesome Creek.

When a party met to name the creek in the late 1890s, they first decided on the name Ptarmigan Creek, but nobody knew how to spell the word 'ptarmigan'. The men then decided to name the stream Quail Creek, for its brevity.

Lagopus
Lagopus is a genus of birds in the grouse subfamily commonly known as ptarmigans (/ˈtɑːrmɪɡənz/). The genus contains four living species with numerous described subspecies, all living in tundra or cold upland areas.
Lymphedema-posterior choanal atresia syndrome
Lymphedema-posterior choanal atresia syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the early-onset appearance of lymphedemas and congenital choanal atresia, which might be accompanied by other features such as pectus excavatum, hypoplasia of the nipples, and facial dysmorphisms such as hypertelorism, frontal bossing, etc. Only 7 cases from Yemen and Iran have been described in the medical literature. This condition is caused by homozygous mutations in the PTPN14 gene, located in chromosome 1.

Choanal atresia
Choanal atresia is a congenital disorder where the back of the nasal passage (choana) is blocked, usually by abnormal bony or soft tissue (membranous) due to failed hole development of the nasal fossae during prenatal development. It causes persistent rhinorrhea, and with bilateral choanal atresia, an obstructed airway that can cause cyanosis and hypoxia.

Choanal atresia is diagnosed based on the inability to place a nasal catheter, and radiology results (particularly CT scans). Treatment involves maintaining an open airway, and may involve surgery to reopen the airway, potentially with a stent. Choanal atresia is a fairly rare condition, affecting between 1 in 7,000 to 1 in 5,000 live births. It is more common in females and is more often unilateral.
TGF beta signaling pathway
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell migration, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. The pathway is also involved in multiple physiological processes such as regulation of the immune system, the vascular system and embryonic development. The TGFβ signaling pathways are conserved.  In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signaling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression.

SMAD6
SMAD family member 6, also known as SMAD6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD6 gene.

SMAD6 is a protein that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila gene "mothers against decapentaplegic". It belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which belong to the  TGFβ superfamily of modulators. Like many other TGFβ family members SMAD6 is involved in cell signalling. It acts as a regulator of TGFβ family (such as bone morphogenetic proteins) activity by competing with SMAD4 and preventing the transcription of SMAD4's gene products. There are two known isoforms of this protein.
VF-33
Fighter Squadron 33 (VF-33) was an aviation unit of the United States Navy. Originally established on 11 October 1948 it was disestablished on 1 October 1993. It was the second U.S. Navy squadron to be designated VF-33.

USS Leyte (CV-32)
USS Leyte (CV/CVA/CVS-32, AVT-10) was one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers built during and shortly after World War II for the United States Navy. The ship was the third US Navy ship to bear the name. Leyte was commissioned in April 1946, too late to serve in World War II. She spent most of her career in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Mediterranean, but also saw service in the Korean War, in which she earned two battle stars. She was reclassified in the early 1950s as an attack carrier (CVA), then as an Antisubmarine Aircraft Carrier (CVS), and finally (after inactivation) as an aircraft transport (AVT).

Unlike most of her sister ships, Leyte received no major modernizations, and thus throughout her career retained the classic appearance of a World War II Essex-class ship. She was decommissioned in 1959 and sold for scrap in 1970.
Stephen Champlin
Stephen Champlin (17 November 1789 – 20 February 1870) was an officer in the United States Navy during the War of 1812.

Born in Kingston, Rhode Island, Champlin entered the Navy as a sailing master 22 May 1812. He commanded the schooner Scorpion in her capture of the British Little Belt during the Battle of Lake Erie, and later in the War of 1812 was wounded when his ship was taken on Lake Huron. Retired in 1855, Captain Champlin was later promoted to Commodore on the retired list, and died in Buffalo, New York and is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo).

Two ships have been named USS Champlin for him, as was Champlin, Minnesota

Kingston, Rhode Island
Kingston is a village and a census-designated place within the town of South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States, and the site of the main campus of the University of Rhode Island. The population was 7,825 at the 2020 census. Much of the village center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Kingston Village Historic District. It was originally known as Little Rest.
Peter Torebko
Peter Torebko (born 10 February 1988) is a German tennis player. He competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Men's Circuit. On 16 July 2012, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 182.

Torebko made his ATP World Tour debut at the 2011 Romanian Open, losing to Igor Andreev in the first round.

Igor Andreev
Igor Valeryevich Andreev (Russian: И́горь Вале́рьевич Андре́ев, BGN/PCGN: Andreyev, ISO 9: Andreev, listenⓘ; born 14 July 1983) is a Russian tennis coach and a former professional player. He won three ATP Tour singles titles, reached the quarterfinals of the 2007 French Open and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 18 in November 2008.