hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Nacional de Clubes
The 2024 Torneo Nacional de Clubes (named "Nacional de Clubes Copa Zurich" for sponsorship reasons) was the 27th. edition of Nacional de Clubes, a rugby union competition in Argentina organised by the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The final was held in Estadio del San Isidro Club in the Boulogne Sur Mer district of San Isidro Partido on 18 November 2023.

Just as it has been every year since 2022, the competition is contested by two teams (champions of URBA Top 12 and Torneo del Interior), which play a single superfinal match.

The match was contested by San Isidro Club (mostly known for its acronym "SIC", champion of 2023 URBA Top 12), which contested their 5th. final, and Universitario Rugby Club de Tucumán (champion of 2023 Torneo del Interior), finalists for their first time.

SIC won the match 25–18, therefore the club from Boulogne achieved their 5th. national championship.

Universitario Rugby Club de Tucumán
Universitario Rugby Club is an Argentine sports institution for women's field hockey and men's rugby union based in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán.

As a rugby team, it is a member of the Unión de Rugby de Tucumán, which in turn belongs to the Unión Argentina de Rugby and plays in the First Division of the Northwest Regional Tournament.

The field hockey section of the club is affiliated to the Asociación Tucumana Amateur de Hockey (ATAH).
Away and Beyond
Away & Beyond is the fifth solo studio album by Nigerian singer 2Face Idibia. It was released on 30 April 2012 by Hypertek Entertainment. The album features guest appearances from Naeto C, Dammy Krane, Terry tha Rapman, Huma Lara, Becca and Rocksteady. Producers that worked on the album include Femdouble, G.$ol, Jay Sleek, Clutchie, DJ Willie O, Kaywa, Spellz and Kiki Banson. Away & Beyond follows up to The Unstoppable International Edition (2010).

Channel O Music Video Awards
Channel O Africa Music Video Awards, once known as Spirit of Africa Music Video Awards, are Pan-African music awards organised by South Africa -based Channel O television channel. The awards were first held in 2003 under the name Reel Music Video Awards. Since 2005 the awards have been held annually. The winners are voted by Channel O's viewers across the continent.
Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 42nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario
The Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 42nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Canada was the shadow cabinet of the main Opposition party, responsible for holding Ministers to account and for developing and disseminating the party's policy positions. In the 42nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario, which began in 2018 and ended in 2022, the Official Opposition was formed by the Ontario New Democratic Party.

A shuffle of the Shadow Cabinet was announced by the Ontario NDP in January to February 2021.

Opposition (politics)
In politics, the opposition comprises one or more political parties or other organized groups that are opposed to the government, party or group in political control of a city, region, state, country or other political body.

The degree of opposition varies according to political conditions. For example, in authoritarian and democratic systems, opposition may be respectively repressed or desired. Members of an opposition generally serve as antagonists to the other parties. Political opposition is generally considered a key aspect of democracy, as the opposition restrains the incumbent government and seeks to enlarge the rights available to those out of power. According to Seymour Martin Lipset, "over time, in both new and revived democracies, conflict between the governing and opposition parties helps establish democratic norms and rules."
James Dawson Burn
James Dawson Burn (c. 1809 – 1889), born James Dawson McBurney, was an Irish author, vagrant, and prominent Odd fellow. His most notable work, The Autobiography of a Beggar Boy, was regarded at the time as a prime example of a poor Irish man's experience.

Vagrancy
Vagrancy is the condition of wandering homelessness without regular employment or income. Vagrants usually live in poverty and support themselves by travelling while engaging in begging,  scavenging, or petty theft. In Western countries, vagrancy was historically a crime punishable with forced labor, military service, imprisonment, or confinement to dedicated labor houses.

Both vagrant and vagabond ultimately derive from the Latin word  vagari, meaning "to wander". The term vagabond and its archaic equivalent vagabone come from Latin vagabundus ("strolling about"). In Middle English, vagabond originally denoted a person without a home or employment.
Zurich University of Applied Sciences
The Zurich University of Applied Sciences (Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften) is a governing body composed of four separate universities (Fachhochschule). It is located in the city of Winterthur, with facilities in Zürich and Wädenswil, is the second largest university in Switzerland after the University of Zurich.

As of 2024, the Zürcher Fachhochschule encompasses four universities, covering such fields of study as architecture and civil engineering, health, linguistics, life sciences and facility management, applied psychology, social work, engineering and management and law. All fields of study

Facility management
Facility management (also facilities management, FM) is the coordinated management of an organization's buildings, sites and workplaces, and the support services needed to keep them functional, safe and effective for occupants and operations.

The scope of facilities management varies by organization and sector, but commonly includes building operations and maintenance (for example mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems), space and workplace planning, and workplace services such as cleaning, security and catering.

International standards for facilities management include the ISO 41000 series, such as ISO 41001 (a management system standard for facility management) and ISO 41011 (which defines key terminology).  ISO 41001:2018 specifies requirements for a facility management management system.
M'Changama
M'Changama or Mchangama is a surname of Comorian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacob Mchangama (born 1978), Danish human rights lawyer

Mohamed M'Changama (born 1987), Comorian footballer

Youssouf M'Changama (born 1990), Comorian footballer

Mohamed M'Changama
Mohamed "Momo" M'Changama (born 9 June 1987) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward. Born in France, he played for the Comoros national team. Previously, he has played with amateur clubs Aubagne and Gardanne and professional club Nîmes.
Judiciary of Gibraltar
36°08′16″N 5°21′11″W﻿ / ﻿36.13773°N 5.352976°W﻿ / 36.13773; -5.352976﻿ (Gibraltar Law Courts)

The judiciary of Gibraltar is a branch of the Government of Gibraltar that interprets and applies the law of Gibraltar, to ensure equal justice under law, and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Gibraltar is based on English law and is a mix of common law and statute. The hierarchical system of courts includes a magistrates' court, a supreme court and a non-resident appellate court.

Equal justice under law
Equal justice under law is a phrase engraved on the West Pediment, above the front entrance of the United States Supreme Court building in Washington D.C.  It is also a societal ideal that has influenced the American legal system.

The phrase was proposed by the building's architects, and then approved by judges of the Court in 1932.  It is based upon Fourteenth Amendment jurisprudence, and has historical antecedents dating back to ancient Greece.
Mary Andrews (politician)
Mary Black Andrews is an American politician from Maine. Andrews served as a Republican State Senator from Maine's 1st District, representing part of York County, including her residence in York. She had previously been elected to three consecutive two-year terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1998–2004). She did not seek re-election following her first term in the Senate and was replaced by Peter Bowman (D-Kittery).

While in the Maine Legislature, Andrews was a vocal opponent of Maine's tax on gasoline and diesel.

After leaving the Senate, Andrews was elected to the York Board of Selectmen. In May 2014, she was elected chairperson.

Maine Legislature
The Maine State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. It is a bicameral body composed of the lower house Maine House of Representatives and the upper house Maine Senate. The legislature convenes at the State House in Augusta, where it has met since 1832.

The House of Representatives consists of 151 members, each chosen from single-member constituencies. The House is uniquely the only state legislative body in the U.S. to set aside special seats for American Indians, where there are three non-voting Representatives from the Penobscot Nation, the Passamaquoddy Tribe, and the Houlton Band of Maliseets. The Senate currently has 35 members, though under the Maine Constitution there may be 31, 33, or 35.
Baked by Melissa
Baked by Melissa is a chain of bakeries founded by Melissa Ben-Ishay in 2008, specializing in "bite-size" miniature cupcakes. As of 2024, Baked by Melissa has 14 locations in the New York City metropolitan area and Boston.

Bakery
A bakery (also known as a bakehouse, baker's shop or bake shop) is an establishment that produces and sells flour-based baked goods made in an oven such as bread, cookies, cakes, doughnuts, bagels, pastries, and pies. Some retail bakeries are also categorized as cafés, serving coffee and tea to customers who wish to consume the baked goods on the premises. In some countries, a distinction is made between bakeries, which primarily sell breads, and pâtisseries, which primarily sell sweet baked goods.
Nahuelbuta National Park
Nahuelbuta National Park (Spanish pronunciation: [nawelˈβuta]) is one of the few parks in La Araucanía Region of Chile's Coastal Mountain Range. It sits atop the highest part of the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta. Created in 1939, it consists of 6,832 hectares situated just 162 km northeast of Temuco. Nahuelbuta (Mapuche for "big tiger") is a sanctuary for monkey puzzle trees, with specimens dating back 2,000 years.

Araucaria araucana
Araucaria araucana, commonly called the pewen, monkey-puzzle, pehuen or piñonero or Chile pine, is an evergreen tree belonging to the family Araucariaceae and growing to a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft) and a trunk diameter of 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft). Native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina, it is the hardiest species in the conifer genus Araucaria.

It is also the official tree of Chile and of the neighboring Argentine province of Neuquén. The IUCN changed its conservation status to Endangered in 2013, because logging, forest fires, and grazing have caused its population to dwindle.
Bagnara (surname)
Bagnara is an Italian toponymic surname and refers to those from Bagnara Calabra in Calabria, Bagnara di Romagna in Emilia-Romagna and Bagnara in Piedmont. The word Bagnara was derived from the Latin term balnearia which means "bathing place".

Notable people with the surname include:

Eros Bagnara (born 1985), Italian football player

Francesco Bagnara (1784–1866), Italian scenographer, decorator and landscape architect

Paolo Ruffo di Bagnara (1791–1865), Neapolitan diplomat and soldier

Pietro di Bagnara (1511/1520–1590/1595), Italian monk and painter

Paolo Ruffo di Bagnara
Paolo Ruffo di Bagnara, Prince of Castelcicala (1791–1865) was a Neapolitan diplomat and soldier. As Lieutenant Paul Ruffo he served with the British Dragoon Guards at the Battle of Waterloo. He was Neapolitan envoy to London in 1840.
2016 European Athletics Championships – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres at the 2016 European Athletics Championships took place at the Olympic Stadium on 6 and 7 July. The event consisted of three rounds, Preliminary, semi-final and final, with the top nine ranked athletes automatically entered at the semi-final stage.

The gold and silver medallists clocked the same time in the final (10.07 seconds), the first time this has happened at these championships since the introduction of fully automatic timing.

2016 European Athletics Championships
The 2016 European Athletics Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, between 6 and 10 July 2016. It was the first time the Netherlands hosted the event.

Due to 2016 being an Olympic year, there was no racewalking and the marathon competition was replaced by half marathon. The Russian team did not participate due to the suspension of the All-Russia Athletic Federation by the International Association of Athletics Federations. However, Yuliya Stepanova was individually cleared by the IAAF to compete as an independent athlete; she participated in the European championships under the flag of the European Athletic Association.

Germany and Great Britain topped the medal table with 16, with Poland winning 12 medals.
Poland won and topped the victory column with 6 gold medals (Germany & Great Britain tied with 5).
Genderblind
Genderblind, also known as CG6070, is a gene that was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster by University of Illinois at Chicago researcher David Featherstone. The gene encodes a member of the cystine/glutamate transporter family of proteins.

Genderblind protein is expressed in glial cells where it secretes the neurotransmitter glutamate and regulates the organization of glutamate receptors.

A mutation in Genderblind alters the sexual behavior of Drosophila, turning the flies bisexual. Drosophila given drugs to alter synapse strength, independent of the Genderblind mutation, allowed researchers to "turn fly homosexuality on and off, within hours". The researchers believe this effect is due to the flies' altered response to pheromones.

Pheromone
A pheromone (from Ancient Greek  φέρω (phérō) 'to bear' and  hormone) is a chemical that is secreted or excreted by an organism, which triggers a social response in members of the same species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used by many organisms, from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates, plants and ciliates communicate by using pheromones. The ecological functions and evolution of pheromones are a major topic of research in the field of chemical ecology.
Peder Fredricson
Peder Fredricson (born 30 January 1972) is a Swedish equestrian and Olympic medalist. He was born in Flen in Södermanland. He has won one Olympic gold medal in team jumping at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and three Olympic silver medals, his first in team jumping at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, his second in individual jumping at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, and his third in Individual jumping at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He also participated at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, in eventing.  In the 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games, Peder Fredricson with his horse H&M All In won team gold medal with Malin Baryard-Johnsson and Henrik von Eckermann and also a silver medal as individual.  Among his top horses, there are H&M Christian K, H&M All In, Catch me Not S, Jumper d’Oase and Thelma Hästak.

In 2016 and 2017 Fredricson won the Jerring Award.

Equestrian at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Team jumping
The individual jumping event, part of the equestrian program at the 2004 Summer Olympics, was held from 22 August to 24 August 2004 in the Olympic Equestrian Centre on the outskirts of Markopoulo in the Attica region of Greece.  Like all other equestrian events, the jumping competition was mixed gender, with both male and female athletes competing in the same division.
Jens Orback
Jens Olov Heinrich Orback (born 21 April 1959 in Stockholm) is a Swedish Social Democratic politician. He was Minister for Democracy, Metropolitan Affairs, Integration, and Gender Equality in the Ministry of Justice in the Cabinet of Göran Persson (2004-2006).

Jens Orback graduated from Stockholm University in 1985 with a Bachelor of Science in Economics. He was active in the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League at a local level, and worked in the Ministry of Finance in the late 1980s, before embarking on a career as a television journalist with the public service channels of Sveriges Television. In 2002, he returned to local politics in Stockholm, serving as the chair of the council of Maria-Gamla Stan borough until he became a minister on 1 November 2004.

Between 2008 and 2016 he was the Secretary General of the Olof Palme International Center, after which his currently works as Executive Director of the Global Challenges Foundation

Ministry of Finance (Sweden)
The Ministry of Finance (Swedish: Finansdepartementet) is a Swedish government ministry responsible for matters relating to economic policy, the central government budget, taxes, banking, security and insurance, international economic work, central, regional and local government.

The ministry has a staff of 490, of whom only 20 are political appointees. The political executive is made up of three ministers: the Minister for Finance –  currently Elisabeth Svantesson (m), the Minister for Financial Markets –  currently Niklas Wykman (m) and the Minister for Public Administration –  currently Erik Slottner (kd).

The ministry offices are located at Drottninggatan 21 in central Stockholm.
Magnus Tuv Myhre
Magnus Tuv Myhre (born 15 June 2000) is a Norwegian middle and long-distance runner. He won the 5000 metres at the 2022 and 2023 Norwegian Athletics Championships, as well as the 2022 national cross-country championships. He also competed in the 5000 metres at the 2023 World Athletics Championships.

In December 2023 he won a silver medal at the 2023 European Cross Country Championships in Brussels, placing second behind winner Yann Schrub.

2023 World Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres
The men's 5000 metres at the 2023 World Athletics Championships was held at the National Athletics Centre in Budapest on 24 and 27 August 2023. Norwegian Jakob Ingebrigtsen won the gold medal, followed by Mohamed Katir and Jacob Krop.
Elias Sinkko
Elias Sinkko (23 February 1871, Lemi – 3 January 1957) was a Finnish agronomist and politician. He was a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1909 to 1910, from 1913 to 1922 and again from 1927 to 1929, representing the Young Finnish Party until December 1918 and the National Progressive Party thereafter.

Lemi
Lemi is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the South Karelia region. The municipality has a population of 2,885 (30 June 2025), which make it the smallest municipality in South Karelia in terms of population. It covers an area of 262.48 square kilometres (101.34 sq mi) of which 44.71 km2 (17.26 sq mi) is water. The population density is 13.24 inhabitants per square kilometre (34.3/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The Finnish thrash metal band Stam1na is from Lemi.
In 2018 Lemi won the title "heavy metal capital of the world," a title that was determined by number of bands per capita.
Lemi had 13 recognised bands. Due to Lemi only having just 3,076 inhabitants at the time, it won with a ratio of 422.6 bands per 100,000 inhabitants.
Henry T. Mudd
Henry Thomas Mudd (December 26, 1913 – September 10, 1990) was an American heir, businessman and philanthropist. He served as chairman and chief executive officer of the Cyprus Mines Corporation. He also co-founded Harvey Mudd College in Claremont, California.

Cyprus Mines Corporation
The Cyprus Mines Corporation was an early twentieth century American mining company based in Cyprus. In 1914, Charles G. Gunther began prospecting in the Skouriotissa area after reading in ancient books that the island was rich in copper and noticing promising ancient Roman slag heaps in the area.  The company was established in 1916 by Colonel Seeley W. Mudd, his son, Harvey Seeley Mudd, and mining engineer/business partner, Philip Wiseman, whose family, along with the Mudds, were the primary owners of Cyprus Mines until the early 1970s when it was sold to Amoco.
Martial Universe
Martial Universe (Chinese: 武动乾坤) is a 2018 Chinese television series based on the web novel Wu Dong Qian Kun by Tiancai Dudou. It stars Yang Yang, Zhang Tianai, Wang Likun and Wu Chun. The series is divided into two seasons.

The first season of the series aired on Dragon TV starting August 7, 2018. The second season of the series aired on Youku starting October 11, 2018.

Dragon Television
Shanghai Dragon Television or Dragon TV (Chinese: 东方卫视; pinyin: Dōngfāng Wèishì; lit. 'Eastern satellite channel'), commonly nicknamed the Tomato Channel (蕃茄台) based on its logo, is a provincial satellite TV station. It launched in October 1998 as "Shanghai Television" but changed its name to Dragon Television on October 23, 2003. Currently, Dragon TV's signal covers most of Mainland China and worldwide. From September 28, 2009, the channel used standard high-definition broadcast.
Steven Riley
Steven Riley is a professor of infectious disease dynamics at Imperial College London. He is a member of the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Modelling group (SPI-M) of SAGE. In 2021, he was appointed director general of data and analytics, responsible for surveillance at the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).

UK Health Security Agency
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) is a government agency responsible for all health security in England, and some reserved public health protection matters across the whole of the United Kingdom. It is an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care.

The UKHSA was established in April 2021, consolidating Public Health England's infectious disease control responsibilities (along with NHS Test and Trace and the Joint Biosecurity Centre) into a single body focused on health security and pandemic preparedness.
German submarine U-1019
German submarine U-1019 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 13 June 1942, and was laid down on 28 April 1943, at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, as yard number 219. She was launched on 22 March 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Rinck on 4 May 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).