hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Wheatley (rugby union)
Arthur Wheatley (6 December 1908 – 4 February 1993) was an English international rugby union player.

Wheatley was born and raised in Coventry, attending South Street School.

A lock, Wheatley made his debut for Coventry in 1929 and first represented Warwickshire during the 1930–31 County Championship. He had to wait until the age of 28 to gain an England trial and broke into the England side for their triple crown-winning 1937 Home Nations campaign, featuring in all three fixtures. The match against Scotland was historic as Wheatley was joined in the team by his brother Harold.

1937 Home Nations Championship
The 1937 Home Nations Championship was the thirty-third series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Five Nations, and prior to that, the Home Nations, this was the fiftieth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Six matches were played between 16 January and 3 April. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Helen Callus
Helen Callus is a British violist who teaches at Northwestern University.

Callus studied with Ian Jewel at the Royal Academy of Music in London, earning an Honorary ARAM (Associate of the RAM). She then continued her studies at the Peabody Conservatory, where she served as the teaching assistant to Paul Coletti.  At age 26, she was appointed to the faculty of the University of Washington, where she taught for seven years before accepting a position at UCSB. In 2016, she accepted the position of Professor of Viola at Northwestern University's Bienen School of Music.

Callus served as the President of the American Viola Society from 2005–2008. She has also served as the Viola Forum Editor for the American String Teachers Association Journal, and she founded BRATS (Bratsche Resources And Teaching in the Schools), an educational outreach organization.

Paul Coletti
Paul Coletti (born 1959 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish viola soloist and chamber musician. He has performed throughout the world, making solo appearances at the Sydney Opera House, Queen Elizabeth Hall (London), and Teatro Colón (Buenos Aires, Argentina). He has performed Béla Bartók's Viola Concerto with Yehudi Menuhin conducting and has recorded Robert Schumann's Märchenbilder and Rebecca Clarke's Sonata for Viola, to some acclaim.
HMS H28
HMS H28 was a British H-class submarine built by Vickers Limited, Barrow-in-Furness, as part of the Batch 3 H-class submarines. She was laid down on 18 March 1917 and was commissioned on 29 June 1918. H28 was the only British submarine to see active service in both World Wars, and was finally scrapped in 1944.

Vickers Limited
Vickers Limited was a British engineering conglomerate. The business began in Sheffield in 1828 as a steel foundry and became known for its church bells, going on to make shafts and propellers for ships, armour plate and then artillery. Entire large ships, cars, tanks and torpedoes followed. Airships and aircraft were added, and Vickers jet airliners were to remain in production until 1965.

Financial problems following the death of the Vickers brothers were resolved in 1927 by separating Metropolitan Carriage Wagon and Finance Company and Metropolitan-Vickers, then merging the remaining bulk of the original business with Armstrong Whitworth to form Vickers-Armstrongs. The Vickers name resurfaced as Vickers plc between 1977 and 1999.
Gary Grigsby's War in the East
Gary Grigsby's War in the East: The German-Soviet War 1941-1945 is a 2010 computer wargame developed by 2 by 3 Games and published by Matrix Games. It simulates the German–Soviet War of World War II. Two sequels were released: Gary Grigsby's War in the West in 2014 and Gary Grigsby's War in the East 2 in 2021.

Wargamer (website)
Wargamer (originally The Wargamer) is a British website specialising in tabletop games, with a particular focus on miniature wargames, tabletop role-playing games, and strategic card games. It also publishes articles on various digital wargames and strategy games for the PC and other digital platforms. It is currently owned and operated by Network N. It has several sister sites, including PCGamesN, Pocket Tactics, The Loadout, and The Digital Fix, which cover video games and home entertainment respectively.
Ramamurthy
Ramamurthy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

B. Ramamurthy, Indian director

B. V. Ramamurthy, Indian cartoonist

Gidugu Ramamurthy, also known as Gidugu Venkata Ramamoorty

Kathadi Ramamurthy, Indian actor, director and script writer

Kodi Ramamurthy Naidu, Indian bodybuilder

Nara Ramamurthy Naidu, Indian politician

R. Ramamurthy, Indian politician, incumbent Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Vikravandi constituency

Sendhil Ramamurthy, American actor

S. V. Ramamurthy, Indian civil servant

T K Ramamurthy, also known as T. K. Ramamoorthy, a South Indian Tamil music composer and violinist

Vazhappady K. Ramamurthy, Indian politician from Tamil Nadu

Vittal Ramamurthy, violinist in the Carnatic music tradition of South India

V. S. Ramamurthy, Indian nuclear physicist

Kodi Rammurthy Naidu
Kodi Rammurthy Naidu (also known as Rama Murti Naidu and Prof. Rammurty) was an Indian strongman, bodybuilder, and wrestler, celebrated for his exceptional strength and contributions to India's physical culture history. He was renowned for his extraordinary feats, such as stopping two cars using only his muscle power and withstanding the weight of an elephant on his chest. He was awarded the title of "Indian Hercules" by King George V. He is also known by the epithets "Kaliyuga Bhima" (transl. Bhima of Kaliyuga), "Indian Sandow", "Malla Marthanda" (lit. 'The Sun of Malla-yuddha').

Rammurty Naidu worked as a Physical Education instructor. He was a strict vegetarian. He was an expert in Vayu Stambhana (air resistance) and Jala Stambhana (water resistance) yoga. In addition to his athletic pursuits, he founded a successful circus company but generously donated his earnings to charitable trusts and the Indian independence movement.
Barry K. Barnes
Barry K. Barnes (27 December 1906 – 12 January 1965) was an English film and stage actor. The son of Horatio Nelson Barnes and Anne Mackintosh Barnes, he was born and died in London. He appeared in sixteen films between 1936 and 1947. He played Sir Percy Blakeney in the 1937 film The Return of the Scarlet Pimpernel. His film career was cut short in 1947 due to an undiagnosable illness contracted during the war. He was married to actress Diana Churchill, and worked with his wife on stage during the 1940s and 1950s, taking  West End revivals of The Admirable Crichton and On Approval on profitable tours.

On Approval (play)
On Approval is a 1926 play by Frederick Lonsdale. It premiered at the Gaiety Theatre, New York, on 18 October 1926 where it ran for 96 performances. It opened in the West End of London at the Fortune Theatre on 19 April 1927 and ran until 2 June 1928.
Coat of arms of Algiers
The coat of arms of Algiers, the capital of Algeria, was created after the country's independence, it shows a fortress, which symbolizes the Casbah, and a boat which symbolize the Algerian fleet, vital to the country's economy in older times, as well as two lions, which can be seen in Bab Azzoun, one of the gates of the city. The crescent symbolizes Islam, the state religion, the feather to symbolize scientific and cultural development. The sheaf of corn (the main crop of the country)  symbolizes agriculture, while the wheel symbolizes industry (Algiers is the largest industrial center of the country).

On top of the shield is a mural crown.

Kasbah
A kasbah (/ˈkæzbɑː/, also US: /ˈkɑːz-/; Arabic: قصبة, romanized: qaṣaba, lit. 'fortress', Arabic pronunciation: [qasˤaba], Maghrebi Arabic: [qasˤba]), also spelled qasbah, qasba, qasaba, or casbah, is a fortress, most commonly the citadel or fortified quarter of a city. It is also equivalent to the term alcazaba in Spanish (Spanish: [alkaˈθaβa]), which is derived from the same Arabic word. By extension, the term can also refer to a medina quarter, particularly in Algeria. In various languages, the Arabic word, or local words borrowed from the Arabic word, can also refer to a settlement, a fort, a watchtower, or a blockhouse.
Area codes 760 and 442
Area codes 760 and 442 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the U.S. state of California. These area codes serve an overlay complex that comprises much of the southeastern and southernmost portions of California. It includes Imperial, Inyo, and Mono counties, as well as portions of San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Kern counties. Area code 760 was created on March 22, 1997, in a split of area code 619. Area code 442 was added to the same area on November 21, 2009.

Palm Desert, California
Palm Desert is a city in the Coachella Valley region of Riverside County, California. The city is located in the Colorado Desert arm of the Sonoran Desert, about 14 miles (23 km) east of Palm Springs, 121 miles (195 km) northeast of San Diego and 122 miles (196 km) east of Los Angeles. The population was 51,163 at the 2020 census, and the city has been one of the state's fastest-growing since 1980, when its population was 11,801.
9th Visual Effects Society Awards
The 9th Visual Effects Society Awards, held on February 1, 2011 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, honored the best visual effects in film and television of 2010. The show was hosted by Patton Oswalt and broadcast, in an edited version, on the ReelzChannel on February 19, 2011.

Visual effects
Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated as VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using CGI have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and compositing software.
The Crimson City
The Crimson City (1928) is an American synchronized sound drama film produced by Warner Bros. written by Anthony Coldeway and directed by Archie Mayo. Actors include Myrna Loy, Anna May Wong, Sōjin Kamiyama, John Miljan, Leila Hyams  and Richard Tucker. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using the sound-on-disc Vitaphone process. The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on April 7, 1928.

Vitaphone
Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone is the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one that was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack is not printed on the film, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at 33+1⁄3 rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter, are played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film is projected. Its frequency response is 4300 Hz. Many early talkies, such as The Jazz Singer (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

The "Vitaphone" trademark was later associated with cartoons and other short subjects that had optical soundtracks and did not use discs.
Opatov (Jihlava District)
Opatov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈopatof]) is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Opatov lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of Jihlava and 100 km (62 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Hu Xiaotao
Hu Xiaotao (simplified Chinese: 胡晓桃; traditional Chinese: 胡曉桃; pinyin: Hú Xiǎotáo; born June 30, 1981, in Jinzhou, Liaoning) is a female Chinese basketball player. She was part of the team that won the gold medal at the ABC Championship for Women 2001. She was also the MVP of the ABC Championship for Women 2001.

Jinzhou
Jinzhou (/ˈdʒɪnˈdʒoʊ/, simplified Chinese: 锦州; traditional Chinese: 錦州; pinyin: Jǐnzhōu), formerly Chinchow, is a coastal prefecture-level city in central-west Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the Liaoxi Corridor, which connects most of the land transports between North China and Northeast China, and is the economic center of western Liaoning.  Located on the northern shore of Liaodong Bay, Jinzhou encompasses a coastline of 97.7 km (60.7 mi), with the Port of Jinzhou being China's northernmost seaport.

It is the fifth-most populous city in Liaoning, with a population of 2,703,853 (2020 census), of whom 1,524,362 reside in the built-up (or metro) area encompassing the 3 urban urban districts and Linghai City largely being conurbated. The total area under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou is 9,989 square kilometers (3,857 sq mi), most of which is rural.
Kuching International Airport
Kuching International Airport (KIA) (IATA: KCH, ICAO: WBGG) is an international airport serving the entire southwestern region of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is located 11 km (6.8 mi) south of Kuching city centre. The airport is colocated with the RMAF Kuching, home to the No. 7 Squadron RMAF.

The airport terminal is capable of handling five million passengers per annum and it is the fourth busiest airport in Malaysia. KIA has grown rapidly with an increasing number of passengers and aircraft movement. In 2025, KIA handled 5,763,279 passengers with a corresponding volume of 50,194 flights. In the same year, 47,836 metric tonnes of cargo were handled through this facility.

KIA is the operating base for AirAsia and has been growing rapidly to tackle the demand of the travellers in the Sarawak region.

Kuching Urban Transportation System
The Kuching Urban Transportation System (KUTS) is an under-construction Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit (ART) system network that serves Greater Kuching, Samarahan, and Serian. It is the first ART system network to be built outside of China and also the first metro bus system in the state of Sarawak which was touted as one of the methods to ease traffic congestion in the city of Kuching. The project is currently constructed by Sarawak Metro using state funds provided by the Development Bank of Sarawak (DBOS). The ART lines will connect Kuching to Samarahan and Serian as well as future lines to other parts of Greater Kuching.
Arul Suppiah
Arul Vivasvan Suppiah (born 30 August 1983) is a former Malaysian cricketer. As a right-handed batsman and left-arm orthodox spin bowler, he played for the Malaysia national cricket team and county cricket in England for Somerset County Cricket Club. His career highs involve holding a world record for best Twenty20 bowling figures and first-class innings of 156 against India, in a match before the Test series against England. He is the youngest ever player to play for Malaysia, and has played for England at Under-14, Under-15, Under-16 and Under-18 level. He has also represented England Under-16s at hockey. His elder brother Rohan also played for Malaysia.

Malaysia national cricket team
The Malaysia national cricket team represents Malaysia in international cricket matches. The team is organised by the Malaysian Cricket Association which has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1967.

During the British colonial period, the Federated Malay States, Straits Settlements and Malaya cricket teams played regularly in Interport matches and against other visiting teams. Following Malaysian independence, the team's most frequent opponent has been Singapore in the Saudara Cup and Stan Nagaiah Trophy. Malaysia made its debut in ICC tournaments in the inaugural 1979 ICC Trophy, making regular appearances until ICC pathways were altered in the 2000s and hosting the 1997 ICC Trophy. Malaysia has regularly hosted Asian Cricket Council (ACC) tournaments and finished runner-up in the 1998 ACC Trophy. In the World Cricket League the team reached as high as Division Three, subsequently being placed in the ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.
Paul of Thebes
Paul of Thebes (Coptic: Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲉ; Koine Greek: Παῦλος ὁ Θηβαῖος, Paûlos ho Thēbaîos; Latin: Paulus Eremita; c. 227 – c. 341), commonly known as Paul the First Hermit or Paul the Anchorite, was an Egyptian saint regarded as the first Christian hermit and grazer, who was claimed to have lived alone in the desert of Thebes in Roman Egypt from the age of 16 to the age of 113 years old. He was canonized in 491 by Pope Gelasius I, and is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and Oriental Orthodox Churches.

Pope Gelasius I
Pope Gelasius I was the bishop of Rome from 1 March 492 to his death on 21 November 496. Gelasius was a prolific author whose style placed him on the cusp between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Some scholars have argued that his predecessor Felix III may have employed him to draft papal documents, although this is not certain.

During his pontificate he called for strict Catholic orthodoxy, more assertively demanded obedience to papal authority, and, consequently, increased the tension between the Western and Eastern Churches. Surprisingly, he also had cordial relations with the Ostrogoths, who were Arians (i.e., had a different view on the nature of Jesus), and therefore perceived as heretics from the perspective of Nicene Christians.
Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Leader of the Social Democratic Party (Vorsitzender der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands) is the most senior political figure within the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Since June 2025, the office has been held jointly by Bärbel Bas and Lars Klingbeil.

The Leader of the Social Democratic Party is supported by five deputy leaders, which currently are Petra Köpping, Serpil Midyatli, Achim Post, Anke Rehlinger and Alexander Schweitzer. The party's administration is headed by a General Secretary, which since May 2025 has been Tim Klüssendorf.

Tim Klüssendorf
Tim Klüssendorf (born 16 August 1991) is a German economist and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since the 2021 federal election, representing Lübeck, and has been the General Secretary of the SPD since June 2025. Klüssendorf is associated with the party’s left wing and served as a spokesperson for the Parlamentarische Linke until 2025.
Ken-Ichi Honma
Ken-Ichi Honma (born in November 10, 1946) is a Japanese chronobiologist who researches the biological mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms. After graduating from Hokkaido University School of Medicine, he practiced clinical psychiatry before beginning his research. His recent research efforts are centered around photic and non-photic entrainment, the structure of circadian clocks, and the ontogeny of circadian clocks. He often collaborates with his wife, Sato Honma, on work involving the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).

He was born in Sapporo, Hokkaido, and currently lives with Sato Honma, his wife, in Japan, with their only daughter.

Honma serves as the chairman of the Keiaikai Sapporo Hanazono Hospital, and is a professor emeritus at Hokkaido University.

Entrainment (chronobiology)
In the study of chronobiology, entrainment refers to the synchronization of a biological clock to an environmental cycle. An example is the interaction between circadian rhythms and environmental cues, such as light and temperature. Entrainment helps organisms adapt their bodily processes according to the timing of a changing environment. For example, entrainment is manifested during travel between time zones, hence why humans experience jet lag.

Biological rhythms are endogenous; they persist even in the absence of environmental cues as they are driven by an internal mechanism, most notably the circadian clock. Of the several possible cues (known as zeitgebers, German for 'time-givers') that can contribute to entrainment of the circadian clock, light has the greatest impact. Units of circadian time (CT) are used to describe entrainment to refer to the relationship between the rhythm and the light signal/pulse.
Hotel Boulderado
The Hotel Boulderado is located at 13th and Spruce St. in downtown Boulder, Colorado.  It opened on New Year's Day 1909.  The original 1908 Otis Elevator is still in operation.

The hotel was designed by local architects William Redding, Floyd Redding, and James Cowie, all of whom were members of the architectural firm Redding & Sons.

In 1996, the Hotel Boulderado was made a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

The Hotel Boulderado houses three restaurants. Located off of the main lobby are Spruce Farm and Fish, a fine-dining restaurant, and the Corner Bar, a more casual eatery. The basement contains a speakeasy-style bar, License  No. 1, which recently replaced Catacombs. All three restaurants share a kitchen.

The Hotel Boulderado is mentioned in Stephen King's novels The Shining and Misery.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
PLD Space
Payload Aerospace S.L. (PLD Space) is a Spanish company developing two partially-reusable launch vehicles called Miura 1 and Miura 5.

Miura 1 is designed as a sounding rocket for sub-orbital flights to perform research or technology development in microgravity environment and/or in the upper atmosphere. Furthermore, Miura 1 is also serving as the technological demonstrator of the orbital launcher Miura 5.  Miura 5 will provide orbital launch capabilities for small payloads such as CubeSats, that need a flexible and dedicated launch vehicle and therefore can not fly with traditional launch vehicles. It is being designed to deliver a total payload mass up to 900 kg (2,000 lb) into low Earth orbit.

Recovery of the first stage would be by the use of parachutes and splashdown for re-use.

Upper atmosphere
Upper atmosphere is a collective term that refers to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth above the troposphere and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, and includes:

The mesosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 50 and 80 kilometres (31 and 50 mi), sometimes considered part of the "middle atmosphere" rather than the upper atmosphere

The thermosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 80 and 700 kilometres (50 and 435 mi)

The exosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 700 kilometres (435 mi) and 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi)

The ionosphere, an ionized portion of the upper atmosphere which includes the upper mesosphere, thermosphere, and lower exosphere and on Earth lies between the altitudes of 50 and 1,000 kilometres (31 and 621 mi)