hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sweet v Parsley
Sweet v Parsley was an important English criminal law case concerning the reaffirming of presumption of mens rea in criminal law. The case defendant landlady of a farmhouse (which was let to students and which she visited infrequently) was charged under a 1965 Act "of having been concerned in the management of premises used for smoking cannabis".

Even though she had neither knowledge of nor privity with the offence, it took place on her property and at first instance she was convicted, being deemed "liable without fault". This conviction was later quashed by the House of Lords on the grounds that knowledge of the use of the premises was essential to the offence. Since she had no such knowledge, she did not commit the offence as the presumption that mens rea was required was rebutted. Effectively the absence of express words imposing the requirement of proving mens rea is not conclusive that the offence is one of strict liability.

Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.
Curlew National Grassland
Curlew National Grassland is a National Grassland located in Oneida and Power counties in the state of Idaho, USA. It has a land area of 47,790 acres (19,340 ha). The land used to make the grassland was purchased between 1934 and 1942. The primary goal of the grassland was to improve soil and vegetation in the area. The grassland is administered by the Forest Service together with the Caribou-Targhee National Forest from common headquarters located in Idaho Falls, Idaho. There are local ranger district offices in Malad City.

Malad City, Idaho
Malad City (also commonly known as Malad) is the only city in and the county seat of Oneida County, Idaho, United States. In 2020 the population was 2,299 people.

The city is named after the nearby Malad River, the name being French for "sickly". Malad City is located along Interstate 15 on the east side of the Malad Valley 13 miles (21 km) from the Utah/Idaho border.
Mihály Flaskay
Mihály Flaskay (born 18 May 1982 in Debrecen) is a breaststroke swimmer from Hungary, who was a silver medallist in the 50 m breaststroke (27.51) at the 2002 European Swimming Championships. In the following year he captured bronze in the same event at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Spain.

Flaskay studied at the University of Southern California.

2002 European Aquatics Championships
The 2002 LEN European Championships were held in Berlin, Germany from Monday 29 July to Sunday 4 August 2002 at the Berlin Eurosportpark in the German capital. The 26th edition of the event was organised by the LEN. A total number of 786 swimmers competed, from 38 countries. The event included disciplines of swimming (long course), open water swimming, diving, and synchronized swimming (women). A 10 km open water event, for both men and women was introduced in the open water swimming competition, this was held in Potsdam.
Church of Nossa Senhora da Penha, Salvador
The Church of Our Lady of Penha (Portuguese: Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Penha, also Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Penha da Itapagipe and Nossa Senhora da Penha de França) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The church is located in the Ribeira neighborhood and constructed in 1742 as an extension of the Summer Palace of the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia. The church sits at the end of the Itapagipe Peninsula and faces the Bay of All Saints. The Church of Our Lady of Penha was listed as a historic structure by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute in 1941.

National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage
The National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (Portuguese: Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, IPHAN) is a heritage register of the federal government of Brazil. It is responsible for the preservation of buildings, monuments, structures, objects and sites, as well as the register and safeguard of intangible cultural heritage deemed of historic or cultural importance to the country.

IPHAN maintains 1,047 sites, which include historic buildings, city centers, and landscapes. It additionally lists a growing number of intangible cultural heritage entities.

The presidency of the institute was held by only two individuals over its first forty years. Rodrigo Melo Franco led SPHAN/IPHAN from 1937 until his retirement in 1967; his successor was the architect Renato Soeiro, who led the institute from 1967 to 1979.
London Calling (film)
London Calling is a 2025 American action comedy film directed by Allan Ungar and written by Omer Levin Menekse, Quinn Wolfe and Ungar. It stars Josh Duhamel, Jeremy Ray Taylor, Rick Hoffman, and Aidan Gillen.

Arnold Vosloo
Arnold Vosloo (born 16 June 1962) is a South African and American actor. He began his career as a stage actor and starring in South African films like Boetie Gaan Border Toe (1984). After emigrating to the United States in the late 1980s, he became known for playing villainous roles, most notably as Imhotep in The Mummy (1999) and The Mummy Returns (2001).

Vosloo is also known for his roles in Hard Target (1993), Agent Cody Banks (2003), Blood Diamond (2006), Silverton Siege (2022), and as Zartan in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009) and G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013). He played terrorist Habib Marwan in the fourth season of 24 (2005), Amit Hadar on NCIS (2009–10), Robin van Rees on Cape Town (2016) and Rudy Tafero on Bosch (2017).
National Highway 347C (India)
National Highway 347C, commonly referred to as NH 347C is a national highway in  India. It is a spur road of National Highway 47. NH-347C traverses the states of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in India.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
Tarcău Mountains
The Tarcău Mountains (Romanian: Munții Tarcău, Hungarian: Tarkő-hegység) are a mountain range, part of the Moldavian-Muntenian Carpathians of the Outer Eastern Carpathians.

The range is located between the latitudes 46°25′ and 46°57′ N and between the longitudes 25°52′ and 26°28′ E. The range is bordered by the following rivers:

The Bicaz and the Bistrița to the north.

The Dămuc and Valea Rece to the west.

The Trotuș to the south.

To the east they are limited by the subcarpathian hills along a line running approximately from Piatra Neamț to Moinești. The highest point is Grindușu Peak at 1,664 metres (5,459 feet).

Piatra Neamț
Piatra Neamț (Romanian: [ˈpjatra ˈne̯amt͡s]; German: Kreuzburg an der Bistritz; Hungarian: Karácsonkő) is the capital city of Neamț County, in the historical region of  Western Moldavia, in northeastern Romania. Because of its very privileged location in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, it is considered one of the most picturesque cities in Romania. The Nord-Est Regional Development Agency is located in Piatra Neamț.
Nuffield Oxford Taxi
The Nuffield Oxford Taxi, initially produced as the Wolseley Oxford Taxicab was the first new taxicab designed to comply with the Metropolitan Police Conditions of Fitness for London taxicabs to be launched on the British market after the end of the Second World War.

G. N. Georgano
George Nicolas "Nick" Georgano (29 February 1932 – 22 October 2017) was a British author, specialising in motoring history. His most notable work is The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, first published in 1968.
Arthur Manukyan
Arthur Manukyan (Armenian: Արթուր Մանուկյան; born July 4, 1985) is an Armenian director and producer, best known for producing and directing music videos of Armenian singers. He also directed dozens of television projects and events.

Srbuk
Srbuhi Sargsyan (Armenian: Սրբուհի Սարգսյան IPA: [sərpʰuhˈi sarkʰsjˈan]; born 3 April 1994), professionally known as Srbuk (Armenian: Սրբուկ), is an Armenian singer. She first came to prominence after competing in season one of the Armenian version of The X Factor, where she placed as the runner-up. In 2018, she competed in season eight of The Voice of Ukraine, placing fourth. Srbuk represented Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel, with the song "Walking Out".
Carry Fire
Carry Fire is the eleventh solo studio album by the English rock singer, songwriter and musician Robert Plant, released on 13 October 2017 on Nonesuch/Warner Bros. Records. It was also Plant's second studio album with his backing band the Sensational Space Shifters, although the band is not credited on the front cover.

Nonesuch Records
Nonesuch Records is an American record company and label owned by Warner Music Group, distributed by Warner Records (formerly Warner Bros. Records), and based in New York City. Founded by Jac Holzman in 1964 as a budget classical label, Nonesuch has developed into a label that records a wide range of music genres. Robert Hurwitz was president of the company from 1984 to 2017.
Fergus Cashin
Fergus Cashin (1924–2005) was a British journalist who wrote mostly theatrical reviews.  He wrote a controversial biography of Mae West, but is also known for the ironic phrase "This one will run and run", which he originally used in a review of a play that quickly closed, and which was subsequently made popular by the satirical magazine Private Eye.

Contemporaries knew him as a larger than life, hard-drinking smoker who charmed everybody.  His journalism career ended in the 1970s after an altercation with his editor.  He co-wrote a biography of Richard Burton.  He died in a retirement home in 2005.

Mae West
Mary Jane "Mae" West (August 17, 1893 – November 22, 1980) was an American actress, singer, comedian, screenwriter, and playwright whose career spanned more than seven decades. Recognized as a prominent sex symbol of her time, she was known for portraying sexually confident characters and for her use of double entendres, often delivering her lines in a distinctive contralto voice. West began performing in vaudeville and on stage in New York City before moving on to film in Los Angeles.

She was frequently associated with controversies over censorship and once stated, "I believe in censorship. I made a fortune out of it." As her film career declined, she remained active by writing books and plays, performing in Las Vegas and London, and appearing on radio and television. In later years, she also released rock and roll recordings. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked her 15th among the greatest female screen legends of classic American cinema.
Kodjo Balogou
Kodjo Balogou (born 17 November 1976) is a Togolese footballer. He played in six matches for the Togo national football team in 1997. He was also named in Togo's squad for the 1998 African Cup of Nations tournament.

1998 African Cup of Nations
The 1998 African Cup of Nations in Burkina Faso was the 21st edition of the Africa Cup of Nations (ACN), the national football championship of Africa, administered by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Just like in 1996, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fourth ACN championship, beating South Africa in the final 2–0.
Munggang
Gamelan Munggang are considered among the most ancient gamelans of the kraton (courts) of central Java. The ensemble of instruments consists of gong ageng, kempul, kendang and horizontal gong chimes tuned to three pitches. Very low in absolute pitch, each ensemble consists of two types: pelog and slendro.  There is a repertory of several repetitive pieces, the best known permutation being high-middle-high-low.
It is theorized that pelog was derived from the three note munggang scale. The origin of the munggang ensembles themselves are described in Javanese myths, however the first one may have been imported to Indonesia in the first century CE, with the first ensemble constructed by the Javanese made in the 4th century.

Kraton (Indonesia)
Kraton (Javanese: ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀) or keraton is a type of royal palace in Java, Indonesia. Its name is derived from the Javanese ka-ratu-an meaning residence of the ratu, the traditional honorific title for a monarch. In Java, the palace of a prince is called pura or dalem, while the general word for palace is istana, which is identical to Malay.
Joachim Nerz
Dr. Joachim Nerz (born 1964) is a German taxonomist and botanist specialising in the carnivorous plant genera Heliamphora and Nepenthes. Nerz has described several new species, mostly with Andreas Wistuba.

Das Taublatt
Das Taublatt is a twice-yearly German-language periodical based in Bochum and the official publication of Gesellschaft für Fleischfressende Pflanzen, a carnivorous plant society based in Germany. Typical articles include matters of horticultural interest, field reports, and new taxon descriptions. The journal was established in 1984. It publishes in full colour on glossy paper, with each issue numbering around 52 pages.
RAF Little Horwood
Royal Air Force Little Horwood or more simply RAF Little Horwood is a former Royal Air Force satellite station. It was established during the Second World War, and is located on the site of Greenway Farm in Aylesbury Vale, north east Buckinghamshire. The airfield sits within a triangle formed by Little Horwood, Great Horwood, and Winslow. It was in operation from September 1942 until January 1946. It is now mostly returned to agricultural use.

Aylesbury Vale
The Aylesbury Vale (or Vale of Aylesbury) is a geographical region in Buckinghamshire, England, covering the predominantly rural area between Milton Keynes and the Chilterns. It is named after its main town, Aylesbury, the county town of Buckinghamshire. Other key settlements in the region include Winslow and Buckingham.

The bed of the vale is largely made up of clay that was formed at the end of the last ice age.

Before 2020, there was a local government district known as Aylesbury Vale. It was succeeded by the unitary district of Buckinghamshire during local government restructuring in 2020.

In the 2020 census, the population of Aylesbury Vale was 205,426. In the 2001 census, the population of Aylesbury Vale was 165,748, representing an increase since 1991 of 18,600 people. About half of those live in Aylesbury.
Jaime Alguersuari
Jaime Víctor Alguersuari Escudero (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxajme alɣeɾˈswaɾi]; born 23 March 1990), also known by his stage name Squire, is a Spanish former racing driver, broadcaster and DJ, who competed in Formula One from 2009 to 2011.

Born and raised in Barcelona, Alguersuari is the son of motorcycle road racer Jaime Alguersuari, Sr. Alguersuari won the 2008 British Formula 3 International Series. Alguersuari became the youngest Formula One driver to start a Grand Prix in history at the 2009 Hungarian Grand Prix – at the age of 19 years, 125 days. This record was broken by Max Verstappen in 2015 who competed at just 17 years of age. After losing his drive with the Toro Rosso team in late 2011, Alguersuari joined British radio station BBC Radio 5 Live to be their expert summariser for the 2012 Formula One season, alongside lead commentator James Allen. At the age of 25, Alguersuari officially retired from motorsport to concentrate on his DJ career.

Motorcycle racing
The motorcycle sport of racing (also called moto racing and motorbike racing) includes motorcycle road racing and off-road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.
Royal George (1798 ship)
Royal George  was a French prize that the British captured circa 1798. She made one voyage as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She left that trade and then traded until a French privateer captured her in 1805.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
2017 Thailand Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2017 Thailand Open Grand Prix Gold will be the seventh grand prix's badminton tournament of the 2017 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament will be held at Nimibutr Stadium in Bangkok in Thailand 30 May – 4 June 2017 and had a total purse of $120,000.

Dechapol Puavaranukroh
Dechapol Puavaranukroh (Thai: เดชาพล พัววรานุเคราะห์; born 20 May 1997) is a Thai badminton player. He was a gold medalist at the 2014 BWF World Junior Championships in the boys' doubles event with his partner Kittinupong Kedren. Dechapol claimed doubles titles at the 2017 SEA Games by winning the gold medal in the men's doubles with Kedren and in the mixed doubles with Sapsiree Taerattanachai. Together with Sapsiree, he won the silver and gold medals at the BWF World Championships in 2019 and 2021 respectively, became the first Thai pair who won the world title. The duo made a clean sweep of all three 2020 Asian leg titles in Thailand and all 2021 Bali leg titles, thus climbing to world number 1 in the BWF ranking. Dechapol and Sapsiree made history as the first ever Thai players to win a title in the year-end Finals tournaments and rank first in the world ranking.
Codex en Cruz
The Codex en Cruz is a pictorial Aztec codex consisting of a single piece of amatl paper. It records historical events, such as the succession of rulers, wars, and famines from 1402 to 1557 in the Nahuatl script. The codex centers on the city of Texcoco, but also includes information pertaining to Tenochtitlan, Tepetlaoztoc and Chiautla. I consists of three larger square units, which are read from left to right. Each of these larger units covers a 52 year cycle. Each is subdivided into four smaller sections read from top-left counterclockwise.

It is currently held by the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris after having been donated to the institution posthumously by Eugène Goupil. One of its previous owners was Alexander von Humboldt, who reportedly purchased it from the Antonio de León y Gama collection.

Antonio de León y Gama
Antonio de León y Gama (1735–1802) was a Mexican astronomer, anthropologist and writer. When in 1790 the Aztec calendar stone (also called sun stone) was discovered buried under the main square of Mexico City, he published an essay about it, Descripción histórica y cronológica de las dos piedras que con ocasión del nuevo empedrado que se está formando en la plaza principal de México, se hallaron en ella el año de 1790 (Historical and chronological description of two Stones that were found in the plaza of Mexico in 1790 upon the occasion of laying the new pavement) explaining the functioning of Aztec calendars.
Raji Assefa
Raji Assefa Worku (born 1986) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner.

In 2008, he competed at the 2008 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He finished in 14th place.

In 2012, he competed in the men's half marathon at the 2012 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships held in Kavarna, Bulgaria. He did not finish his race.

In 2015, he won the men's race at the Guangzhou Marathon held in Guangzhou, China.

2012 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships
The 2012 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships were held in Kavarna, Bulgaria on 6 October 2012.

Detailed reports on the event and an appraisal of the results were given.

Complete results were published for the men's, and the women's race, as well as the men's team, and the women's team.
WTAP (gene)
Pre-mRNA-splicing regulator WTAP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WTAP gene.

The Wilms tumor suppressor gene WT1 appears to play a role in both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of certain cellular genes. This gene encodes a WT1-associating protein, which is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. Like WT1 protein, this protein is localized throughout the nucleoplasm as well as in speckles and partially colocalizes with splicing factors. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants, two of which encode the same isoform.

Nucleoplasm
The nucleoplasm, also known as karyoplasm, is the type of protoplasm that makes up the cell nucleus, the most prominent organelle of the eukaryotic cell. It is enclosed by the nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane. The nucleoplasm resembles the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell in that it is a gel-like substance found within a membrane, although the nucleoplasm only fills out the space in the nucleus and has its own unique functions. The nucleoplasm suspends structures within the nucleus that are not membrane-bound and is responsible for maintaining the shape of the nucleus. The structures suspended in the nucleoplasm include chromosomes, various proteins, nuclear bodies, the nucleolus, nucleoporins, nucleotides, and nuclear speckles.

The soluble, liquid portion of the nucleoplasm is called the karyolymph nucleosol, or nuclear hyaloplasm.
2021 General Tire 125
The 2021 General Tire 125 was a ARCA Menards Series East race held on May 14, 2021, at the Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. It was contested over 125 laps on the 1.00-mile (1.61 km) oval. It was the fourth race of the 2021 ARCA Menards Series East season. Joe Gibbs Racing driver Ty Gibbs collected his first win of the East Series season.

2021 ARCA Menards Series East
The 2021 ARCA Menards Series East was the 35th season of the ARCA Menards Series East, a regional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season began on February 8 at New Smyrna Speedway with the Jeep Beach 175 and ended on September 16 at Bristol Motor Speedway with the Bush's Beans 200. Sammy Smith and Joe Gibbs Racing won the series championship. JGR's No. 18 car, driven by Smith and Ty Gibbs, won all but one race during the season.

2019 and 2020 series champion Sam Mayer did not go for a three-peat, as he moved up to the Xfinity Series in 2021, driving for JR Motorsports after his 18th birthday on June 26.
Veli Dedi
Veli Musa Dedi (5 April 1912 – 3 February 1995) was an Albanian general, notable for serving as the Technical Director of the Albanian People's Army and commanding the garrison of Tirana. He played a significant role in the Spanish Civil War  and served in France during World War II, notably participating in the Battle of Marseille in 1944.

Albanian People's Army
The Albanian People's Army (Albanian: Ushtria Popullore Shqiptare, UPSh) was the national army of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1946 to 1990. Like the militaries of other Communist states, the UPSh was subjected to the nation's ruling party, in this case the Party of Labour of Albania. In fact, as in other Communist states, the Party considered the military to be a creation of the Party itself. The UPSh consisted of the Ground Forces, the Navy and the Air Force. The militia of the UPSh was the Voluntary Forces of Popular Self-Defense (FVVP), and affiliate military structures included the Armed School Youth (RSHA) and Civil Defense of the Republic (MCR). After the fall of communism in Albania, the UPSh was replaced by the Albanian Armed Forces.
Doom 3: Maelstrom
Doom 3: Maelstrom is the second book in a series of three novels regarding Doom 3. The book was released in March 2009. Before writing the book, its author Matthew J. Costello, wrote the scripts for Doom 3 and Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil.

Matthew Costello
Matthew John Costello (born 1948) is an Irish-American writer specializing in the genres of horror, gothic, and science fiction. His articles have appeared in publications including the Los Angeles Times and Sports Illustrated. He has scripted Trilobyte's bestselling CD-ROM interactive dramas The 7th Guest and its sequel The 11th Hour, as well as many other video games.