hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dunford–Pettis property
In functional analysis, the Dunford–Pettis property, named after Nelson Dunford and B. J. Pettis, is a property of a Banach space stating that all weakly compact operators from this space into another Banach space are completely continuous. Many standard Banach spaces have this property, most notably, the space  of continuous functions on a compact space and the space  of the Lebesgue integrable functions on a measure space. Alexander Grothendieck introduced the concept in the early 1950s (Grothendieck 1953), following the work of Dunford and Pettis, who developed earlier results of Shizuo Kakutani, Kōsaku Yosida, and several others. Important results were obtained more recently by Jean Bourgain. Nevertheless, the Dunford–Pettis property is not completely understood.

Kōsaku Yosida
Kōsaku Yosida (吉田 耕作, Yosida Kōsaku, 7 February 1909, Hiroshima – 20 June 1990) was a Japanese mathematician who worked in the field of functional analysis. He is known for the Hille-Yosida theorem concerning C0-semigroups. Yosida studied mathematics at the University of Tokyo, and held posts at Osaka and Nagoya Universities. In 1955, Yosida returned to the University of Tokyo.
Ahmad Nady
Ahmad Mohammad Nady (Arabic: أحمد محمد نادي) is an Egyptian political cartoonist, comic artist and activist. Belonging to a family of artists, Nady began his career early on, steadily rising to become one of the best known comic artists in Egypt at a young age. He has drawn political cartoons since an early age, and since the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, has become increasingly active in this area of work, garnering a significant reputation for the boldness of his work.

Political cartoon
A political cartoon, also known as an editorial cartoon, is a cartoon graphic with caricatures of public figures, expressing the artist's opinion. An artist who writes and draws such images is known as an editorial cartoonist. They typically combine artistic skill, hyperbole and satire in order to either question authority or draw attention to corruption, political violence and other social ills.

Developed in England in the latter part of the 18th century, the political cartoon was pioneered by James Gillray, although his and others in the flourishing English industry were sold as individual prints in print shops.  Founded in 1841, the British periodical Punch appropriated the term cartoon to refer to its political cartoons, which led to the term's widespread use.
Touring KE
Touring Kirol Elkartea is a Spanish football team based in Errenteria, in the autonomous community of Basque Country. Founded in 1923, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 4, holding home matches at Campo de Fútbol de Fandería.

The club was founded under the name of Club Deportivo Touring, changing to its current name in 2012.

Errenteria
Errenteria (Basque: Errenteria, Spanish: Rentería) is a town located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Autonomous Community, in the north of Spain, near the French border. The river Oiartzun cuts its way through the town, one that has undergone severe pollution up to recent times on its lower stage.
Ankimo
Ankimo (鮟肝)  is a Japanese dish made with monkfish liver.

The liver is first rubbed with salt, then rinsed with sake. Any veins are removed, and then the liver is rolled into a cylinder, and cooked by steaming. Ankimo is often served with momiji-oroshi (chili-tinted grated daikon), thinly sliced scallions and ponzu sauce.

Ankimo is considered one of the chinmi (delicacies) of Japan. It is listed at number 32 on The World's 50 Best Foods compiled by CNN Go.

Steaming
Steaming is a method of cooking using steam. In steaming, the food is fully immersed in steam, with no air present, so that the steam condenses on the food, and then the condensate drips down away from the food. This is often achieved in a food steamer, a kitchen appliance made specifically to cook food with steam, but food can also be steamed in a wok. In the American Southwest, steam pits used for cooking have been found dating back about 5,000 years. Steaming is considered a healthy cooking technique that can be used for many kinds of foods.

Compared to full immersion in boiling water, steaming can be far faster and more energy-efficient because it requires heating very much less water and takes advantage of the excellent thermodynamic heat transfer properties of steam.
Student information system
A student information  system (SIS), student management system, school administration software or student administration system is a management information system for education sector establishments used to manage student data. It supports communication between students, parents, teachers and the administration. Student information systems provide capabilities for registering students in courses; documenting grading, transcripts of academic achievement and co-curricular activities, and the results of student assessment scores; forming student schedules; tracking student attendance; generating reports and managing other student-related data needs in an educational institution.

Information security is a concern, as universities house an array of sensitive personal information, making them potentially attractive targets for security breaches, such as those experienced by retail corporations or healthcare providers.

Test score
A test score is a piece of information, usually a number, that conveys the performance of an examinee on a test. One formal definition is that it is "a summary of the evidence contained in an examinee's responses to the items of a test that are related to the construct or constructs being measured."

Test scores are interpreted with a norm-referenced or criterion-referenced interpretation, or occasionally both. A norm-referenced interpretation means that the score conveys meaning about the examinee with regard to their standing among other examinees. A criterion-referenced interpretation means that the score conveys information about the examinee with regard to a specific subject matter, regardless of other examinees' scores.
Nullsoft
Nullsoft, Inc. was an American software house founded in Sedona, Arizona in 1997 by programmer Justin Frankel. Its products included the Winamp media player and the SHOUTcast MP3 streaming media server.

Media player software
Media player software is a type of application software for playing multimedia computer files like audio and video files. Media players commonly display standard media control icons known from physical devices such as tape recorders and CD players, such as play (), pause (), fastforward (⏩️), rewind (⏪), and stop () buttons. In addition, they generally have progress bars (or "playback bars"), which are sliders to locate the current position in the duration of the media file.

Mainstream operating systems have at least one default media player. For example, Windows comes with Windows Media Player and it’s 2022 successor, while macOS comes with QuickTime Player and Apple Music. Linux distributions come with different media players, such as SMPlayer, Amarok, Audacious, Banshee, MPlayer, mpv, Rhythmbox, Totem, VLC media player, and xine. Android comes with YouTube Music for audio and Google Photos for video, and smartphone vendors such as Samsung may bundle custom software.
10 Ways to End the World
10 Ways to End the World, aka Last Days of Man (original title Mänsklighetens sista dagar, literally "The Final Days of Humanity") is a Swedish TV series by Magnus Sjöström documenting catastrophes that could endanger human existence. The series is produced by Sveriges Utbildningsradio (UR) and was aired on Kunskapskanalen (in English: The Knowledge Channel) in December 2010 under the Swedish name Mänsklighetens sista dagar (Last days of Man) and on National Geographic and Arte in 2012. The series was nominated for the Scandinavian TV award, Kristallen, in 2011.

In the form of a top ten list, a set of doomsday scenarios—disasters that have the capacity to wipe out our species—is examined scientifically. The first part deals with threats to humanity from nature's violent forces. The second part deals with various threats that human society has created.

Global catastrophic risk
A global catastrophic risk or a doomsday scenario is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, endangering or even destroying modern civilization. Existential risk is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential.

In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures, and either advocate for or implement these measures.
2008 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Men's 50 metre freestyle
The men's 50 metre freestyle competition of the 2008 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) was held on 10 and 11 April 2008 at the Manchester Arena.

The event was won by the defending champion Croatian Duje Draganja in a new world record time of 20.81 seconds, breaking the previous mark set by Sweden's Stefan Nystrand six months earlier by 0.12 seconds. Swimming in lane 1 in the final, Draganja also broke the championship record of 21.31 set by Cullen Jones of the United States in Shanghai in 2006.

Great Britain's Mark Foster won the silver medal, finishing a half a second behind Draganja while Gerhard Zandberg of South Africa finished third in 21.33.

Cullen Jones
Cullen Andrew Jones (born February 29, 1984) is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic gold medalist who specialized in freestyle sprint events.  As part of the American team, he holds the world record in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay (long course).  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he won silver medals in the 4 x 100-meter freestyle relay and the 50-meter freestyle, as well as the gold in the 4 x 100-metre medley.
Mulfra
Mulfra is a hamlet in the parish of Madron, Cornwall, England and is on the southern slope of Mulfra Hill. Nearby is the Scheduled monument, Mulfra Quoit, which is a portal dolmen, i.e. a ceremonial and funerary monument dating from the early or middle Neolithic period, probably in use from 3500 to 2600 BC.

Dolmen
A dolmen (/ˈdɒlmɛn/), or portal tomb, is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the Late Neolithic period (4000–3000 BCE) and were sometimes covered with earth or smaller stones to form a tumulus (burial mound). Small pad-stones may be wedged between the cap and supporting stones to achieve a level appearance. In many instances, the covering has eroded away, leaving only the stone "skeleton".

In Sumba (Indonesia), dolmens are still commonly built (about 100 dolmens each year) for collective graves according to lineage. The traditional village of Wainyapu has some 1,400 dolmens.
Ramon Campos Jr.
Ramón "Ramoncito" F. Campos Jr. (December 15, 1925 – May 29, 2017) was a Filipino basketball player who competed in the 1948, 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics.

Campos was born in Iloilo City and started to play basketball at the age of 15. In 1941, he was a member of the junior team of De La Salle College in the NCAA. Campos went to the University of Santo Tomas and played for the Goldies in the UAAP in 1946 and led the team to the varsity championship and in the National Open. Campos had his personal best of 52 points, which he scored when he was playing for the famed Sampaguita Pictures quintet made up of only eight players. His colorful career on the hardcourt also includes seven years with the YCO Painters during the 1950s. Campos retired from major competition in 1958.

Basketball at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Basketball at the 1956 Summer Olympics was the fourth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. Fifteen nations, an unusually low number for the basketball tournament, competed in the event, with 174 participants.  A total number of 56 games of basketball were played.

The teams were divided into four pools, with four teams in three of the pools and only three in the fourth.  Every team played against each other team in its pool once.  The top two teams from each pool advanced to the quarterfinals, where again they were split into pools of four.  Teams again played every other team in their pool, with the top two in each advancing to the semifinal and the bottom two entering a pool for 5th through 8th places.  Eliminated teams also played in consolation matches with the same structure as the quarterfinals and finals, but for 9th through 15th places.
The games were held at the Royal Exhibition Building.
Mission Tejas State Park
Mission Tejas State Park is a 660-acre (270 ha) state park located along Texas State Highway 21 in Houston County, Texas, originally constructed in 1935 and transferred to Texas Parks and Wildlife in 1957. The closest major town is Crockett, Texas. The park is open year-round.

Texas State Highway 21
State Highway 21 (SH 21)  runs from the Texas-Louisiana boundary east of San Augustine to San Marcos in east and central Texas.  SH 21 mostly follows the alignment of the Old San Antonio Road and the El Camino Real, except for the portion between Midway and Bryan, where the Old San Antonio Road took a more northerly route, and SH 21 follows a more direct route.  That section of the Old San Antonio Road is served by Texas State Highway OSR.
Standard Ebooks
Standard Ebooks is an open source, volunteer-driven project to create and publish high-quality, fully featured, and accessible ebooks of works in the public domain. The project sources existing ebooks from sites like Project Gutenberg and the Internet Archive, modernizing and proofreading them to adhere to a unified style guide.

All Standard Ebooks titles are released in epub, azw3, and Kepub formats, and are available through Google Play Books and Apple Books. All of the project's ebook files are released in the United States public domain, and all code is released under the GNU General Public License v3.

Kobo eReader
The Kobo eReader is an e-reader produced by Toronto-based Kobo Inc (a subsidiary of Rakuten). The company's name is an anagram of "book". The original version was released in May 2010 and was marketed as a minimalist alternative to the more expensive e-book readers available at the time. Like most e-readers, the Kobo uses an electronic ink screen. The Arc tablet series, released between 2011 and 2013, was based on LCD technology instead.
Photo City Sagamihara
Photo City Sagamihara (フォトシティさがみはら, Fotoshiti Sagamihara, PCS) is a photographic award that has been sponsored annually by the city of Sagamihara since 2001.

There are four kinds of awards: the main prize for professionals (さがみはら写真賞, Sagamihara shashinshō), prizes for newcomer professionals (さがみはら写真新人奨励賞, Sagamihara shashin shinjin shōrei-shō), one prize for Asian photographers (さがみはら写真アジア賞, Sagamihara shashin Ajia-shō) (in which "Asian" is taken to exclude Japan), and various awards for amateurs (さがみはらアマチュア写真グランプリ, Sagamihara amachua shashin guranpuri). The winning photographs are displayed in Sagamihara Citizen's Gallery.

Sagamihara
Sagamihara (相模原市, Sagamihara-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of May 1, 2021, the city has an estimated population of 723,470, with 334,812 households, and a population density of 1,220 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 328.91 square kilometres (126.99 sq mi). Sagamihara is the third-most-populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki, and the fifth most populous suburb of the Greater Tokyo Area. Its northern neighbor is Machida, with which a cross-prefectural merger has been proposed.

On April 1, 2010, the city became the 19th city designated by government ordinance. As a result of this, three wards were established: Midori-ku, Chūō-ku and Minami-ku.
Donald MacInnes
Donald MacInnes, born Donald McInnes, (26 May 1824 – 1 December 1900) was a Canadian businessman and politician.

Born in Oban, Scotland, the son of Duncan McInnes and Johanna Stuart, McInnes's family emigrated to Upper Canada in 1840 and settled in Ontario. He was married on April 30, 1863, to Mary Amelia Robinson, daughter of Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of Toronto; they had five sons and a daughter (including Duncan Sayre MacInnes).

MacInnes was for several years one of the leading merchants in Canada. He was president of the Bank of Hamilton and a director of the Canada Life Assurance Co. He was chairman of the royal commission appointed June 16, 1880, to inquire into the organization of the civil service of Canada. He was appointed to the Senate on the advice of John Alexander Macdonald representing the senatorial division of Burlington, Ontario, on December 24, 1881. A Liberal-Conservative, he served for almost 19 years until his death in 1900.

Liberal-Conservative Party
The Liberal-Conservative Party (French: le Parti libéral-conservateur) was the formal name of the Conservative Party of Canada until 1917, and again from 1922 to 1938. Prior to 1970, candidates could run under any label they chose, and in many of Canada's early elections, there were both "Liberal-Conservative" and "Conservative" candidates; however, these were simply different labels used by candidates of the same party. Both were part of Sir John A. Macdonald's government and official Conservative and Liberal-Conservative candidates would not, generally, run against each other. It was also common for a candidate to run on one label in one election and the other in a subsequent election.
Wolverhampton West (UK Parliament constituency)
Wolverhampton West is a borough constituency in the city of Wolverhampton in the West Midlands of England which was re-established for the 2024 general election following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies and which is formed largely from the former Wolverhampton South West constituency. It has been represented in the House of Commons since 2024 by Warinder Juss.

Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. 23) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1885"). It was a piece of electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House of Commons, introducing the concept of equally populated constituencies, a concept in the broader global context termed equal apportionment, in an attempt to equalise representation across the UK. It mandated the abolition of constituencies below a certain population threshold. It was associated with, but not part of, the Representation of the People Act 1884.
Pilkichha
Pilkichha is a village in Khutahan, Jaunpur district, Varanasi division, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Tehsil Name: Shahganj

District: Jaunpur

State: Uttar Pradesh

Division: Varanasi

Language: Hindi and Urdu

Time zone: IST (UTC+5:30)

Elevation / Altitude: 84 meters above sea level

Telephone Code / Std Code: 05364

Pin Code: 223107

Post Office Name: Pilkichha

Varanasi division
Varanasi division is one of the 18 administrative geographical units (i.e. division) of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Varanasi city is the administrative headquarters of the division. The division consists of 4 districts, i.e. Varanasi, Chandauli, Ghazipur, and Jaunpur and is loosely equivalent to the Benares State.
Retail politics
Retail politics is a type of political campaigning in which politicians directly talk to and interact with their supporters. Examples of retail politics include in-person campaign events, rallies, and direct mail. More recent examples of such campaigning have included candidates' appearances on podcasts. It is often framed as an alternative to "wholesale" politics, in which candidates attempt to reach a large number of potential voters at one time, rather than targeting a smaller number more directly. In the United States, in-person retail politics has become less common in recent years, in large part because of the increasing influence of televised debates between candidates.

Political campaign
A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group. In democracies, political campaigns often refer to electoral campaigns, by which representatives are chosen or referendums are decided. In modern politics, the most high-profile political campaigns are focused on general elections and candidates for head of state or head of government, often a president or prime minister.
Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01
Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01 is a specific strain of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans.

Strain AK-01 was isolated from the Arthur Kill, NJ/NY waterway. This site has a history of contamination from petrochemical industry. AK-01 is a delta-proteobacterium capable of using C13-C18 alkanes as growth substrates (So et al., 1999). Analysis of labeled and fully deuterated metabolites shows that AK-01 activates n-alkanes via fumarate addition to the subterminal carbon using alkylsuccinate synthase. Recent studies have also shown that AK-01 uses sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate as terminal electron acceptors. It has also been shown that AK-01 uses not only alkanes but also 1-alkenes, 1-alkanols, fatty acids and other organic acids as carbon substrates.

Organic acid
An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids. Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids but they are usually very weak. The relative stability of the conjugate base of the acid determines its acidity. Other groups can also confer acidity, usually weakly: the thiol group –SH, the enol group, and the phenol group. In biological systems, organic compounds containing these groups are generally referred to as organic acids.

A few common examples include:

Lactic acid

Acetic acid

Formic acid

Citric acid

Oxalic acid

Uric acid

Malic acid

Tartaric acid

Butyric acid

Folic acid
Berens River Ojibwe dialect
Berens River Ojibwe is a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken along the Berens River in northern Ontario and Manitoba. Berens communities include Pikangikum and Poplar Hill, both in Ontario, well as Little Grand Rapids, in Manitoba. Berens is strongly distinguished from the Severn Ojibwe dialect spoken in communities directly to the north.

Berens River Ojibwe is most commonly written using the Cree syllabary widely used to write Ojibwe in northern Ontario.

Berens River Ojibwe is not included in Ethnologue.

Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World (stylized as Ethnoloɠue) is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL Global, an American evangelical Christian non-profit organization.
Marali Manasagide
Marali Manasagide is an Indian Kannada language drama on Star Suvarna which premiered from 9 August 2021. The show is an official remake of Star Jalsha's TV series Kusum Dola. The show stars Divya Wagukar, Chandan Kumar and Shilpa Shetty.

Star Suvarna
Star Suvarna, (formerly Asianet Suvarna) is an Indian Kannada language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily telecast programmes such as serials, reality shows & Kannada films.