hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elitzur's theorem
In quantum field theory and statistical field theory, Elitzur's theorem states that in gauge theories, the only operators that can have non-vanishing expectation values are ones that are invariant under local gauge transformations. An important implication is that gauge symmetry cannot be spontaneously broken. The theorem was first proved in 1975 by Shmuel Elitzur in lattice field theory, although the same result is expected to hold in the continuum limit. The theorem shows that the naive interpretation of the Higgs mechanism as the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a gauge symmetry is incorrect, although the phenomenon can be reformulated entirely in terms of gauge invariant quantities in what is known as the Fröhlich–Morchio–Strocchi mechanism.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary
Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary (born 1 January 1960) is a former Lok Sabha MP. He was elected from Kokrajhar in Assam as an independent in 1998, 1999 and 2004. In 2009, he won as a Bodoland People's Front candidate, as part of the United Progressive Alliance.

Bwiswmuthiary is a Bodo nationalist, and has favoured the creation of an autonomous Bodoland region. He has been backed at various times by the All Bodo Students Union and the National Democratic Alliance.

Bwiswmuthiary is a supporter of the Indo-US nuclear deal.

Bodoland Territorial Region
The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) is an autonomous division in Assam, India, in Northeast India. It is made up of five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River below the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. It is administered by an elected body known as the Bodoland Territorial Council which came into existence under the terms of a peace agreement signed in February 2003 and its autonomy was further extended by an agreement signed in January 2020. The region covers an area of over nine thousand square kilometres and is predominantly inhabited by the Bodo people and other tribal communities of Assam.
Allan F. Smith
Allan Frederick Smith (December 19, 1911 – January 21, 1994) was a law professor and dean at the University of Michigan Law School.  He was an expert in personal property law and real estate transactions.

Before joining the University of Michigan faculty in 1947, he served for the Office of Price Administration and the United States Army.  Smith was interim president of the University of Michigan in 1979 after the resignation of Robben Wright Fleming.

Personal property
Personal property is property that is movable. In common law systems, personal property may also be called chattels or personalty. In civil law systems, personal property is often called movable property or movables—any property that can be moved from one location to another.

Personal property can be understood in comparison to real estate, immovable property or real property (such as land and buildings).

Movable property on land (larger livestock, for example) was not automatically sold with the land; it was "personal" to the owner and moved with the owner.

The word cattle is the Old Norman variant of Old French chatel, chattel (derived from Latin capitalis, "of the head"), which was once synonymous with general movable personal property.
Risa Itō
Risa Itō (Japanese: 伊藤 理佐, Hepburn: Itō Risa; born 6 September 1969), also romanized as Risa Itou, is a Japanese manga artist.

She was born in 1969 in Hara Town, Suwa District in Nagano Prefecture, the eldest of three sisters. She graduated from Suwa Futaba High School and studied Formative Fine Arts at Joshibi University of Art and Design Junior College. She won the 2005 Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo for Oi Pītan!! and the 2006 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize Short Story Award for One Woman, Two Cats, Oi Piitan!!, and Onna no Mado. Her manga Oruchuban Ebichu ("Ebichu Minds the House") was adapted by Gainax into an anime television series. Her latest work, Higepiyo (ヒゲぴよ), serialized in Chorus magazine, was also adapted into an anime.

Suwa District, Nagano
Suwa (諏訪郡, Suwa-gun or Suwa no Kōri) is a district located in southern Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 46,162 with a density of 181.18 persons per km2. The total area is 254.79 km2.
Andrea Lindlohr
Andrea Lindlohr (born 19 February 1975 in Königswinter) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg since 2011. She has served as state secretary of regional development and housing since 2021.

Königswinter
Königswinter (German pronunciation: [ˈkøːnɪçsˌvɪntɐ] ⓘ; Kölsch: Köningkswinte; Low Franconian: Keuningswintjer) is a town and summer resort in the Rhein-Sieg district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
2014 British Rally Championship
The 2014 MSA British Rally Championship was the 56th season of the British Rally Championship. The season began on 3 May in Carlisle with the Pirelli Richard Burns Foundation Rally and ended on 13 September in Douglas with the Rally Isle of Man powered by Microgaming.

The championship was won by the Irish crew of Daniel McKenna and Arthur Kierans, who won four of the season's six rallies, to win the championship by eleven points ahead of Osian Pryce and Dale Furniss; Pryce and Furniss won the other two events to be held.

Pirelli Richard Burns Foundation Rally
The Pirelli Richard Burns Foundation Rally (formerly the Pirelli International Rally) is a rallying race organised by the Cumberland Sporting Car Club that takes place in Cumbria, England, United Kingdom since 1992. Based in the Kielder Forest complex near Carlisle, it features a mixture of fast open sprints across farmland and twisty forest tracks.
It Girls
It Girls is a feature documentary film directed by Robin Melanie Leacock that aired on the Women's Entertainment channel on April 2 and 7 2002. It features wealthy socialites including Casey Johnson, Elisabeth Kieselstein-Cord and Nicky Hilton, as well as appearances by Diane Von Furstenberg, Marisa Berenson and other women.  It was filmed in Manhattan during New York Fashion Week. The film's premise is that anyone can be an it girl. In the documentary, von Furstenberg says "It's really about being a forever girl!"

Nicky Hilton
Nicholai Olivia "Nicky" Rothschild (née Hilton; born October 5, 1983) is an American socialite, fashion designer and model. She is a member of the Hilton family by birth and of the Rothschild family following her 2015 marriage to James Rothschild, a grandson of Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild. Hilton is the younger sister of Paris Hilton.
Topno
Topno is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frida Topno (1925–2018), Indian politician

Manohar Topno (born 1958), Indian field hockey player

Paschal Topno (1932–2025), Indian Roman Catholic archbishop

Rajeev Topno (born 1974), Indian civil servant

Frida Topno
Frida Topno (20 September 1925 – 6 February 2018) was an Indian politician from Odisha.

She was elected as member of Lok Sabha from Sundergarh in Odisha in 10th Lok Sabha in 1991 and 11th Lok Sabha in 1996 as Indian National Congress Party candidate. She died on 6 February 2018 at the age of 92.

She was elected to Upper House of India Parliament - the Rajya Sabha for the term 1998–2002 from Odisha.
Jones Nash
Jones Gifford Nash (22 January 1812 – 19 April 1877) was an English first-class cricketer.

Nash made his debut in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of England against the Gentlemen of Kent at Canterbury in 1847. He made five further first-class appearances for the Gentlemen of England from 1848 to 1853, all against the Gentlemen of Kent. Playing as a slow underarm bowler, Nash took 34 wickets at an average of 17.50. He took five wickets in an innings on two occasions and took ten wickets in a match once. By profession he was a brewer, wine and spirits merchant and was a partner in the business Hawkes, Nash, and Co. He died at Kentish Town in April 1877.

St Lawrence Ground
The St Lawrence Ground is a cricket ground in Canterbury, Kent. It is the home ground of Kent County Cricket Club and since 2013 has been known as The Spitfire Ground, St Lawrence, due to commercial sponsorship. It is one of the oldest grounds on which first-class cricket is played, having been in use since 1847, and is the venue for Canterbury Cricket Week, the oldest cricket festival in the world. It is one of the two grounds used regularly for first-class cricket that have had a tree, the St Lawrence Lime, within the boundary.

Capacity at the ground was increased to 15,000 in 2000, and four One Day International matches have been played there, one each in 1999 (part of the 1999 Cricket World Cup), 2000, 2003 and 2005. The ground was the venue for the first day/night County Championship match, played as a trial in September 2011.
Torode (surname)
Torode is a surname occurring in the English-speaking world. Notable people with the surname include:

George Torode (1946–2010), Guernsey author, comedian and radio host

John Torode (born 1965), Australian-British celebrity chef and TV presenter

Mike Torode (1940 or 1941–2024), Guernsey politician

George Torode
George Torode (30 September 1946 – 20 April 2010) was a Guernsey author, comedian and radio host. He was best known for his series of writings called the Donkey books, which collect stories by and about Guernsey people (the nickname for Guernsey people is Les ânes – "Donkeys")

Donkey's Ears Ago - 1996 - ISBN 978-0952950103

Donkey's Ears Apart - 1997 - ISBN 978-0952950110

Donkey's serenade - 1998 - ISBN 9780952950127

Donkey's Tails - 1999 - ISBN 978-0952950134

Donkey's Hind Leg  - 2000 - ISBN 9780952950141

The Donkey's Back - 2004 - ISBN 978-0952950158.

The Donkey Rides Out - 2005 - ISBN 9780952950165    This volume includes a lengthy section (pp. 123–167) about the pioneering motor engineer and entrepreneur, Dorothee Pullinger. It is almost unique in the materials published about her, in that Torode actually knew her and the materials he uses are largely based on his own recollections of interviews some 20+ years previously.

Donkey's at Work - 2009 - ISBN 9780952950172
Kế Sách district
Kế Sách is a rural district of Sóc Trăng province in the Mekong River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 161,644. The district covers an area of 408 km2. The district capital lies at Kế Sách.

District (Vietnam)
Districts (Vietnamese: huyện), also known as rural districts or counties, were one of several types of former second-tier administrative subdivisions of Vietnam, the other types being urban districts (Vietnamese: quận), provincial cities (thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh), municipal cities (thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương), and district-level towns (thị xã). The districts were subdivisions of the first-tier divisions, namely the provinces and municipalities. Districts were subdivided into third-tier units, namely townships and communes.

Districts and the whole second-tier of administrative subdivisions of Vietnam were eliminated in 2025, following a major governmental reform.
Newton, New Zealand
Newton is a small suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, under the local governance of the Auckland Council.

Since the construction of the Central Motorway Junction in 1965–75, Newton has been divided into two parts, and as a result, lost much of its size and coherence. The northern part is centred on Karangahape Road, and the southern part on Newton Road and upper Symonds Street. Both Karangahape and Newton Roads intersect with Symonds Street to the east. Newton Road joins the Great North/Ponsonby and Karangahape Road intersection to the west.

At the southern end of Symonds Street are the Symonds Street Shops. Here Upper Symonds Street has two major intersections with other arterial roads: Newton Road and Khyber Pass Road, and Mt Eden Road and New North Road.

Royal Oak
The Royal Oak was the English oak tree within which the future King Charles II of England hid to escape the Roundheads following the Battle of Worcester in 1651. The tree was in Boscobel Wood, which was part of the park of Boscobel House. Charles told Samuel Pepys in 1680 that while he was hiding in the tree, a Parliamentarian soldier passed directly below it. The story was popular after the Restoration, and is remembered every year in the English traditions of Royal Oak Day.
A Girl with Guitar
A Girl with Guitar (Russian: Девушка с гитарой, romanized: Devushka s gitaroy) is 1958 Soviet musical comedy film directed by Alexander Feinzimmer.

After the success of the film Carnival Night starring Lyudmila Gurchenko the script of the film A Girl with Guitar was written counting on her popularity.

The film was shot on the eve of the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students, held in Moscow in the summer of 1957, and became the first Soviet feature film dedicated to this significant event.  The film premiered on September 1, 1958.

The film was a success with the audience. At the end of the year, А Girl with Guitar took the tenth place in the attendance rating, gathering over 31.9 million viewers, although it could not repeat the success of Carnival Night.

Yuri Nikulin
Yuri Vladimirovich Nikulin (Russian: Юрий Владимирович Никулин; 18 December 1921 – 21 August 1997) was a Soviet and Russian actor and clown who starred in many popular films. He is best known for his roles in Leonid Gaidai's comedies, such as The Diamond Arm and Kidnapping, Caucasian Style, although he occasionally starred in dramatic roles and performed in Moscow Circus.

He was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1973 and Hero of Socialist Labour in 1990. He also received a number of state awards, including the prestigious Order of Lenin, which he received twice in his lifetime.
Eulipotyphla
Eulipotyphla (/ˌjuːlɪpoʊˈtɪflə/, from eu- "true" + Lipotyphla "lacking blind gut"; sometimes called true insectivores) is an order of mammals comprising the families Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures), Solenodontidae (solenodons), Talpidae (moles, shrew-like moles and desmans), and Soricidae (true shrews).

Desman
Desmans are aquatic insectivores of the tribe Desmanini (also considered a subfamily, Desmaninae) in the mole family, Talpidae.

This tribe consists of two living species found in Europe: the Russian desman (Desmana moschata) in European Russia, and the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees. Both species are endangered, the Russian desman critically so. They have webbed paws and their front paws are not well-adapted for digging. Desmans were much more diverse and widespread during the Miocene, with two genera, Gaillardia and Magnatalpa, being present in North America. Both living species are thought to have derived from the fossil genus Archaeodesmana.
Linda Swartz Taglialatela
Linda Swartz Taglialatela (born October 22, 1949) is a diplomat and she was United States Ambassador to Barbados, the Eastern Caribbean, and the OECS. She was nominated by President Barack Obama and confirmed by the Senate on December 9, 2015. On February 1, 2016,  she presented her credentials to Sir Elliott Belgrave, the then Governor-General of Barbados.

Advice and consent
Advice and consent is an English phrase frequently used in enacting formulae of bills and in other legal or constitutional contexts. It describes either of two situations: where a weak executive branch of a government enacts something previously approved of by the legislative branch or where the legislative branch concurs and approves something previously enacted by a strong executive branch.
Blood Red Roses
Blood Red Roses is the 30th studio album by British singer-songwriter Rod Stewart. It was released on 28 September 2018 through Decca Records and Republic Records. It was produced by Stewart and Kevin Savigar. Covers on the album include versions of Jim McCann's "Grace", the Kingston Trio's "It Was a Very Good Year" and Hambone Willie Newbern's "Rollin' and Tumblin'".

Kevin Savigar
Kevin Savigar (born 9 November 1956) is an English session keyboardist, record producer, songwriter, and composer based in Los Angeles, CA.  Perhaps most recognised for his longtime collaboration with Rod Stewart, Savigar has also contributed to a wide range of recordings for artists such as Bob Dylan, George Harrison, John Mellencamp, Pat Benatar, Marilyn Manson, Willie Nelson, Randy Newman, Sinéad O'Connor, and Peter Frampton among others.
Huangtiandang station
Huangtiandang Station (Chinese: 黄天荡) is a station on Line 5 and Line 7 of the Suzhou Metro. The station is located in Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu. It has been in use since June 29, 2021, when Line 5 first opened to the public. Upon completion of Line 7, the station became an interchange between the two lines.

Suzhou Metro
Suzhou Metro, previously known as Suzhou Rail Transit, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu Province, China. Line 1 began operation on April 28, 2012. Line 2 opened on December 28, 2013. A further three lines, and an extension of Line 2, were completed between 2016 and 2021. Line 11, connecting Kunshan city which is under Suzhou's administration, and beyond to the Shanghai Metro, was completed on June 24, 2023, and a further three lines were opened in 2024.

Daily ridership increased from 680,000 (2017 average) to 899,000 (2018 average) to 995,000 (2019 average) to 1.935 million (2025 average). Record ridership increased from 1,130,000 (30 April 2017) to 1,548,000 (2 May 2019 record).
Abbi Fisher
Abigail E. "Abbi" Fisher-Gould (born August 30, 1957) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from the United States.  Born in South Conway, New Hampshire,  she had one World Cup victory and three podiums. She suffered a knee injury in March 1979, at the pre-Olympic downhill at Lake Placid.

Fisher competed in the Winter Olympics in 1976 and 1980. She was unable to start in the slalom at the World Championships in 1978 due to an ankle injury. and was also named to the U.S. team in 1982.

Fisher married Frank Gould; they have two children and reside in the Sun Valley area in central Idaho.

Alpine skiing at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Alpine Skiing at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of six alpine skiing events.  The races were held February 14–23 at Whiteface Mountain in Wilmington, New York, northeast of host Lake Placid.

This was the first Olympics in which the women's giant slalom consisted of two runs, rather than one, and both GS events ran only one run per day. This was the last Olympics which also served as World Championships for alpine skiing.
FERb 033
FERb 033 is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen that was synthesized in 2009 and is used in scientific research. It is a potent and selective ERβ agonist (Ki = 7.1 nM, EC50 = 4.8 nM), with 62-fold selectivity for the ERβ over the ERα.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.
Magpie Island
Magpie Island is an island in the River Thames in England near the villages of Aston, Berkshire and Medmenham, Buckinghamshire. It is situated on the reach above Hurley Lock.

Navigation is believed to have passed originally down the present backwater which was then cluttered with eel bucks. In the eighteenth century the island was part of the Culham Court estate.

Eel buck
An eel buck or eel basket is a type of fish trap that was prevalent in the River Thames in England up to the 20th century. It was used particularly to catch eels, which were a staple part of the London diet.

Eel bucks were baskets made of willow wood, and were often strung together in a fishing weir. Construction of such weirs was outlawed under the terms of Magna Carta in 1215:

All fish-weirs shall be removed from the Thames, the Medway, and throughout the whole of England, except on the sea coast.

This was intended to keep the rivers navigable by boat, however the practice continued unabated.

Several islands in the River Thames reflect the presence of bucks at those points; for example, Buck Ait and Handbuck Eyot.

A surviving eel buck may be seen on the River Test at 51°7′48″N 1°29′5″W﻿ / ﻿51.13000°N 1.48472°W﻿ / 51.13000; -1.48472﻿ (Eel buck on the River Test).
Seleucid Dynastic Wars
The Seleucid Dynastic Wars were a series of wars of succession that were fought between competing branches of the Seleucid royal household for control of the Seleucid Empire.  Beginning as a by-product of several succession crises that arose from the reigns of Seleucus IV Philopator and his brother Antiochus IV Epiphanes in the 170s and 160s, the wars typified the final years of the empire and were an important cause of its decline as a major power in the Near East and Hellenistic world. The last war ended with the collapse of the kingdom and its annexation by the Roman Republic in 63 BC.

Seleucus IV Philopator
Seleucus IV Philopator (Greek: Σέλευκος Φιλοπάτωρ, Séleukos philopátōr, meaning "Seleucus the father-loving"; c. 218 – 3 September 175 BC), ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria (now including Cilicia and Judea), Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran (Media and Persia).
Zhirnov
Zhirnov (Russian: Жирнов) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Zhirnov, Rostov Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Zhirnovskoye Rural Settlement in Tatsinsky District of Rostov Oblast

Rural localities

Zhirnov, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Stepnoy Selsoviet of Tashlinsky District of Orenburg Oblast

Tatsinsky District
Tatsinsky District (Russian: Таци́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,411 square kilometers (931 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Tatsinskaya. Population: 38,464 (2010 Census);  43,251 (2002 Census); 43,306 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Tatsinskaya accounts for 26.0% of the district's total population.