hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfonso XI of Castile
Alfonso XI (11 August 1311 – 26 March 1350), called the Avenger (el Justiciero), was King of Castile and León. He was the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife Constance of Portugal. Upon his father's death in 1312, several disputes ensued over who would hold regency, which were resolved in 1313.

Once Alfonso was declared an adult in 1325, he began a reign that would serve to strengthen royal power and became known for his victory in the Battle of Rio Salado. While leading a siege against Yusuf I of Granada, he died of the plague in Gibraltar.

Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (/kæˈstiːl/; Spanish: Reino de Castilla: Latin: Regnum Castellae) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (Spanish: Condado de Castilla, Latin: Comitatus Castellae), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León. During the 10th century, the Castilian counts increased their autonomy, but it was not until 1065 that it was separated from the Kingdom of León and became a kingdom in its own right. Between 1072 and 1157, it was again united with León, and after 1230, the union became permanent.

Throughout that period, the Castilian kings made extensive conquests in southern Iberia at the expense of the Islamic principalities. The Kingdoms of Castile and of León, with their southern acquisitions, came to be known collectively as the Crown of Castile, a term that also came to encompass overseas expansion.
History of surfing
The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean. In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching. Undoubtedly ancient sailors learned how to ride wave energy on many styles of early boats. Archaeological evidence even suggests that ancient cultures of Peru surfed on reed watercraft for fishing and recreation up to five thousand years ago. However, standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians. The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.

Waikīkī
Waikīkī  (/ˌwaɪkɪˈkiː/; Hawaiian: [wɐjˈkiːkiː, vɐjˈtiːtiː]) is a Honolulu neighborhood and the eponymous Waikīkī beach on its south shore, on the island of Oʻahu in the U.S. state of Hawaii. (Despite situational use of the spelling "Waikiki", typically in materials aimed at tourists, the spelling "Waikīkī" is official and common.)

Waikīkī Beach is one of six beaches in the district, along with Queen's Beach, Kuhio Beach, Gray's Beach, Fort DeRussy Beach, and Kahanamoku Beach. The sandy beach is almost entirely man-made.

Waikīkī (Hawaii) is home to public places including Kapiʻolani Park, Fort DeRussy, Kahanamoku Lagoon, Kūhiō Beach Park, and Ala Wai Harbor. Waikīkī was the first capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1795 to 1796.
Waldow
Waldow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

B. Waldow, pen name of Bianca Bloch (1848–1901)

Brad Waldow (born 1991), American basketball player

Ernst Waldow (1893–1964), German actor

William F. Waldow (1882–1930), American politician

William F. Waldow
William Frederick Waldow (August 26, 1882 – April 16, 1930) was an American businessman and politician from Buffalo, New York. He served as a United States representative from New York's 42nd congressional district for one term, 1917 to 1919.
Mircea Hava
Mircea Hava MEP (born  26 December 1956) is a Romanian politician, engineer, and member of the European Parliament. Hava was elected as member of the European Parliament on the list of the National Liberal Party (PNL) at the 2019 European Parliament election in Romania.

Hava was also mayor of Alba Iulia for 25 years, firstly between 1991 and 1992 and then once more from 1996 to 2019. He was also a member of the Democratic Party (PD) before joining the National Liberal Party (PNL).

In 2004, he was reelected  with more than 70% of the votes.

Democratic Party (Romania)
The Democratic Party (Romanian: Partidul Democrat, PD; also known as Partidul Democrat-Frontul Salvării Naționale or PD-FSN for short) was a social democratic and, later on, liberal conservative political party in Romania. In January 2008, it merged with the Liberal Democratic Party (PLD), a splinter group of the National Liberal Party (PNL), to form the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL).

From 1996 to 2005, the party was a member of the Socialist International (SI). Its official name was Democratic Party - National Salvation Front until 2000, when it officially shortened its name only to the Democratic Party. From 2004 to 2007, the PD was the junior member of the governing Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), although according to many Romanian opinion polls of the time, it remained the most popular of the two parties. Although it had to formally suspend his leadership to the party when elected president in 2004, the PD was largely associated with former Romanian president Traian Băsescu.
Tú, sólo tú
"Tú, sólo tú" (You, Only You) is a ranchera song written by Mexican songwriter Felipe Valdés Leal in 1949. That same year the song was recorded by Miguel Aceves Mejía, Pedro Infante, Luis Pérez Meza and Rosita Quintana.

The song was also included in the films Pueblerina (1949), where it was performed by Roberto Cañedo and Columba Domínguez; Perdida (1950), where it was performed by La Torcacita; and Tú, solo tú (1950), where it was performed by Luis Aguilar.

Rosita Quintana
Rosita Quintana (16 July 1925 – 23 August 2021) was an Argentine-Mexican actress, singer and songwriter. She was one of the top leading ladies of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. She starred in Luis Buñuel's Susana (1951) and musical films such as Serenata en México (1956) and Cuando México canta (1958). Her performances earned her acting awards from Mexico, Argentina, Russia, and Spain. In 2016, she received the Mexican Academy of Film Arts and Sciences' Golden Ariel Award for career achievement.
Helix vladika
Helix vladika is a species of large, air-breathing land snail native to Montenegro , Albania and Serbia. It has a brown, conical shell. It is the largest land snail species in Europe. Typical habitat are beech forests. The species is closely related to Helix straminea.

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a large deciduous tree in the beech family with smooth silvery-grey bark, large leaf area, and a short trunk with low branches. It is native to much of Europe, growing in humid climates.

The species is cultivated as an ornamental. Although slightly toxic due to the tannins and alkaloids they contain, the nuts are consumed by animals and humans. The trees are also used for timber.
Telecom Development Company Afghanistan
Telecom Development Company Afghanistan (TDCA) is a telecommunications consortium in Afghanistan. Its projects include Roshan, the brand name for their GSM services. The consortium is led by Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development and consists of Monaco Telecom International and Swedish telecommunications multinational Telia Company.

Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development
Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development SA is a Swiss for-profit entity and international development finance institution which invests in countries of East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. It is based in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded by Aga Khan IV and is part of the Aga Khan Development Network.
Join selection factor
Within computing, author O'Connell defines join selection factor as "[t]he percentage (or fraction) of records in one file that will be joined with records of another file".  This can be calculated when two database tables are to be joined. It is primarily concerned with query optimization.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Tommy Walker (worship leader)
Tommy Walker is an American worship leader, composer of contemporary worship music, recording artist and author. Since 1990, he has been the worship leader at Christian Assembly, a church affiliated with the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel in Los Angeles, California. Some of Walker's most well-known songs are "Only A God Like You," "No Greater Love," "Mourning Into Dancing," "He Knows My Name," and "That's Why We Praise Him."

In addition to his responsibilities as a church leader, he has taken the "CA Worship Band" on numerous overseas trips, including several trips to Southeast Asia and the Philippines. He has worked alongside Franklin Graham, Greg Laurie, Jack Hayford, Bill Hybels, Rick Warren and at Promise Keepers events.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Candalides absimilis
Candalides absimilis, the pencilled blue or common pencil-blue, is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found along the east coast of Australia, including Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Victoria.

The wingspan is about 30 mm.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on buds and young shoots of a wide range of plants, including Flagellaria, Macadamia integrifolia, Castanospermum australe, Erythrina, Callerya megasperma, Wisteria, Cassia fistula, Alectryon coriaceus, Brachychiton acerifolius and Cupaniopsis.

Egg

Larva

Pupa

Female resting

Illustration of a mounted specimen

Cassia fistula
Cassia fistula, also known as golden shower, purging cassia, Indian laburnum, kani konna, or pudding-pipe tree, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia. It is the official state flower of Kerala state and Delhi UT in India, as well as the national tree and flower of Thailand. It is also a popular ornamental plant and is also used in herbal medicine.
Sail-by salute
A sail-by salute (or near-shore salute) is a salute performed by bringing a ship close to shore to salute those on land. Often the salute is performed for a crewmember's family. The practice dates back to ancient times. In Italy, massive ships regularly came very close to shorelines or jetties in the Mediterranean, including the island of Procida, off the Amalfi coast, and Sicily.

Some US-based cruise lines have been reluctant to answer questions pertaining to the extent to which salutes are performed today. Passenger ship historian and writer Peter Knego says that salutes are still performed whether approved by cruise companies or not.

Procida
Procida (Italian: [ˈprɔːtʃida]; Neapolitan: Proceta) is one of the Phlegraean Islands off the coast of Naples in southern Italy. The island is between Cape Miseno and the island of Ischia. With its tiny satellite island of Vivara, it is a comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the region of Campania.
Biel–Magglingen Funicular
The Biel–Magglingen Funicular (German: Magglingenbahn; French: Funiculaire Bienne–Macolin) is a funicular railway in the bilingual city of Biel/Bienne in the Swiss canton of Bern. The funicular links Biel/Bienne with Magglingen/Macolin, in the Jura mountains above the town. It is owned and operated by Verkehrsbetriebe Biel/Transports publics biennois (VB/TPB), the city's public transport operator.

Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.
Side-Out Foundation
The Side-Out Foundation, located in Fairfax, Virginia, is an American non-profit breast cancer charity that raises awareness and funds for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Side-Out fundraises mainly through volleyball-related events. Their mission, as it is stated on their website is, "to unite volleyball players and coaches and to have them work toward the common goal of furthering breast cancer awareness, education, and patient services." Side-Out has a board of directors and team of scientific advisers.

Fairfax, Virginia
Fairfax (/ˈfɛərfæks/ FAIR-faks) is an independent city in Virginia and the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,146.

Fairfax is part of both the Washington metropolitan area and Northern Virginia regions. It is located 14 miles (23 km) west of Washington, D.C. Fairfax is served by  Washington Metro's Orange Line.

George Mason University, located in unincorporated Fairfax County along Fairfax's southern border, is the largest public university in Virginia with 40,185 students as of 2023.
Uvaṭa
Uvaṭa was a commentator of the Vedas. He wrote commentaries of the prātiśākhyas, notably on the Rigveda-pratishakhya of Shaunaka.

According to Bhimasena's Sudhasagara-tika, he was a brother of Kaiyata, the author of Mahabhaṣyapradipa, and of Rajanka Mammata,  and lived at the court of Bhoja, in the mid eleventh century.

Shaunaka
Shaunaka (Sanskrit: शौनक, IAST: śaunaka) is the name applied to teachers, and to a Shakha of the Atharvaveda. It is especially the name of a celebrated Sanskrit grammarian, author of the Ṛgveda-Prātiśākhya, the Bṛhaddevatā, the Caraṇa-vyūha, six Anukramaṇīs (indices) to the Rigveda, and the Vidhāna of the Rigveda. He is the teacher of Katyayana and Ashvalayana and is said to have combined the Bashkala and Shakala Shakhas of the Rigveda. In the Mahabarata, he is identified as the son of Ruru and Pramadvara, and in the Bhagavata Purana, he is identified as the grandson of Gritsamada and son of Sunaka, who belongs to the Bhrigu dynasty.
Platypeltella
Platypeltella is a genus of fungi in the family Microthyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Austrian-Czech mycologist Franz Petrak in 1929, with Platypeltella smilacis as the type and only species. Platypeltella remained monotypic until P. angustispora was added in 1969. A third species, P. irregularis, was described in 1982. All species grow as plant pathogens on monocot hosts.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Lake Hudson State Recreation Area
Lake Hudson State Recreation Area is a public recreation area located within southwestern Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  With its main entrance located along M-156, it is mostly located within Hudson Township and a very small portion extending south into neighboring Medina Township.

The park was established in 1979, and it encompasses 2,796 acres (4.369 mi2; 11.32 km2) surrounding the Lake Hudson reservoir. Lake Hudson is recognized as the first dark-sky preserve in the United States, when it was designated as such in 1993. It is governed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and is operated and maintained by the nearby Hayes State Park in the northern portion of the county.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is the agency of the state of Michigan founded in 1921, charged with maintaining natural resources such as state parks, state forests, and recreation areas. It is governed by a director appointed by the Governor and accepted by the Natural Resources Commission. Since 2023, the Director is Scott Bowen. The DNR has about 1,400 permanent employees, and over 1,600 seasonal employees.
Rodolphe Poma
Rodolphe Antoine Pierre Thérèse Poma (12 October 1885 – 12 October 1954), also known as Rudolph Poma, was a Belgian rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and 1908 Summer Olympics for Belgium. He competed in 1900 as coxswain of the Royal Club Nautique de Gand which won the silver medal in the eight and in 1908 as rower of the same club which won the silver medal in the eight.

Koninklijke Roeivereniging Club Gent
Koninklijke Roeivereniging Club Gent (English: Royal Rowing Club of Ghent / French: Royal Club Nautique de Gand) is a rowing club from the Belgian city of Ghent founded in 1871. The association is located at the Ghent urban Watersportbaan rowing course.

It has an extensive international track record. Originally the association was called Club Nautique de Gand.
Baatarkhuyagiin Otgonbold
Baatarkhuyagiin Otgonbold (Mongolian: Баатархуягийн Отгонболд; born 20 December 1996) is a Mongolian archer. He competed in the men's individual event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Otgonbold won a сhampion title at the 2022 Asian Games in the men's individual event, although the competition included the best world archers such as Oh Jin-hyek and Kim Woo-jin from South Korea, Takaharu Furukawa of Japan.

Archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's individual
The men's individual archery event was one of five archery events at the 2020 Summer Olympics. It was held at Yumenoshima Park, in Tokyo, Japan. There were 64 competitors from 40 nations, with nations having either 1 or 3 archers.
Hans Caspar von Krockow
Hans Caspar von Krockow (23 August 1700 – 25 February 1759) was a Prussian major general and commander of the Cuirassier Regiment No. 1. He was the Amtshauptmann of the Giebichenstein and Moritzburg estates as well as heir to Estate A at Peest (Pieszcz), Paalow (Pałowo), Franken, Thien (Tyń) and Nitzlin (Nosalin).  He fought in the Seven Years' War and died of injuries received at the Battle of Hochkirch.

Moritzburg (Halle)
The Moritzburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmoːʁɪtsˌbʊʁk]) is a fortified castle in Halle (Saale), Germany. The cornerstone of what would later become the residence of the Archbishops of Magdeburg was laid in 1484; the castle was built in the style of the Early Renaissance.

Since the end of the 19th century, it has housed an arts museum which is recognised as being of national importance.
Wiñaq (Peru)
Wiñaq (Quechua for "growing", "the one that grows" or a kind of tree (Tabebuia nodosa), also spelled Huiñac) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,800 metres (15,748 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Tanta District. Wiñaq lies west of a lake named Pawqarqucha and south of P'itiqucha.

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
2021 Chicago Fall Tennis Classic
The 2021 Chicago Fall Tennis Classic was a WTA tournament organised for female professional tennis players on outdoor hard courts due to the cancellation of the Asian tournaments because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It was the 1st edition of the event and took place at XS Tennis and Education Foundation in Chicago, United States from 27 September to 3 October 2021.

Hailey Baptiste
Hailey Baptiste (born November 3, 2001) is an American professional tennis player. She reached her best singles ranking of world No. 39 on 9 February 2026. She has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and two titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. Her highest doubles ranking is No. 92, achieved 22 July 2024. She has also won four singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Hugh Whyte
Hugh Whyte (24 July 1955 – 9 November 2009) was a Scottish football goalkeeper, who played for Hibernian and Dunfermline Athletic.

Whyte, who was born in Kilmarnock, played in the juniors for Hurlford United. Whyte joined Hibernian in 1972 and made five league appearances, but refused to abandon his medical studies when the club asked him to become a full-time professional. He subsequently moved to Dunfermline Athletic in 1976. Dunfermline had been relegated from the First Division in 1975–76 and were unable to sustain full-time football. Whyte established himself as their first choice goalkeeper. Whyte kept the position for nine years, playing 362 games in total while keeping 116 shutouts. After retiring from his football career in 1987, Whyte became the Dunfermline club doctor.

Hurlford United F.C.
Hurlford United Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Hurlford, near Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. Nicknamed The Ford, they were formed in 1912 and play at Blair Park, wearing red and white. They currently play in the Premier Division of the West of Scotland Football League. They won the Scottish Junior Cup in 2014.
Guangdong Provincial Department of State Security
The Guangdong Provincial Department of State Security (GSSD; Chinese: 广东省国家安全厅) is a division of China's Ministry of State Security (MSS) responsible for intelligence collection and secret policing in the province of Guangdong. Established as one of the original 14 semi-autonomous provincial MSS units in 1983, the department is involved in expansive human intelligence efforts, information operations, and cyber espionage campaigns. It is headquartered in Guangzhou, the provincial capital of Guangdong.

Cyber espionage
Cyber espionage, cyber spying, or cyber-collection is the act or practice of obtaining secrets and information without the permission and knowledge of the holder of the information using methods on the Internet, networks or individual computers through the use of proxy servers, cracking techniques and malicious software including Trojan horses and spyware. Cyber espionage can be used to target various actors – individuals, competitors, rivals, groups, governments, and others – in order to obtain personal, economic, political or military advantages. It may wholly be perpetrated online from computer desks of professionals on bases in far away countries or may involve infiltration at home by computer trained conventional spies and moles or in other cases may be the criminal handiwork of amateur malicious hackers and software programmers.