hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siberia (continent)
Siberia, also known as Siberian Craton, Angaraland (or simply Angara) and Angarida, is an ancient craton in the heart of Siberia. Today forming the Central Siberian Plateau, it formed an independent landmass prior to its fusion into Pangaea during the late Carboniferous-Permian. The Verkhoyansk Sea, a passive continental margin, was fringing the Siberian Craton to the east in what is now the East Siberian Lowland.

Angaraland was named in the 1880s by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess who erroneously believed that in the Paleozoic Era there were two large continents in the Northern Hemisphere: "Atlantis", which was North America connected to Europe via a peninsula (Greenland and Iceland), and "Angara-land", which would have been eastern Asia, named after the Angara River in Siberia.

Eduard Suess
Eduard Suess (Austrian German: [ˈeːdu.ard ˈsyːs]; 20 August 1831 – 26 April 1914) was an Austrian geologist and a specialist on the geography of the Alps. He is responsible for hypothesising two major former geographical features, the supercontinent Gondwana (proposed in 1861) and the Tethys Ocean. He also introduced the concepts of eustasy. As a professor of geology at the University of Vienna, he was a founding figure in geology in Austria, influencing numerous geologists across Europe. He was considered the "dean of geology" at the beginning of the twentieth century. He was also an Austrian parliament representative for the liberal party.
2020s European rearmament
During the 2020s, there has been a significant strategic realignment in European defence policy, particularly accelerating since 2022 due to the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, alongside an additional acceleration since 2025 due to geopolitical policy shifts during the second presidency of United States president Donald Trump that was strongly advocated for after his withdrawal intentions from NATO and the Greenland crisis.

This transformation is characterised by increased localisation of defence manufacturing, defence investment of research and development, reindustrialisation of economy, and initiatives for greater military integration among European Union member states, with the intent of rehabilitating autonomous European defence capabilities independent of NATO and the United States.

Withdrawal from NATO
Withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the legal and political process whereby a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation withdraws from the North Atlantic Treaty, and thus the country in question ceases to be a member of NATO.  The formal process is stated in article 13 of the Treaty. This says that any country that wants to leave must send the United States (as the depositary state) a "notice of denunciation", which the U.S. would then pass on to the other Allies. After a one-year waiting period, the country that wants to leave would be out.

As of 2026, no member state has rescinded their membership, although it has been considered by several countries. Notwithstanding, a number of former dependencies of NATO members have never applied for membership subsequent to their becoming independent states.
Walter J. Will
Walter J. Will (19 March 1922 – 30 March 1945) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Will joined the Army from West Winfield, New York in December 1940 and by 30 March 1945 was serving as a first lieutenant in Company K, 18th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division. During a firefight on that day near Eisern, Germany, he rescued three wounded men, single-handedly disabled two German machine gun nests and led his squad in the capture of two others, all despite his injuries. Mortally wounded while leading a charge on the enemy, Will was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously seven months later, on 17 October 1945.  He is buried at the Netherlands American Cemetery in Margraten, South Limburg, the Netherlands.

Squad
In military terminology, a squad is among the smallest of military organizations and is led by a non-commissioned officer. NATO and U.S. doctrine define a squad as an organization "larger than a team, but smaller than a section", while U.S. Army doctrine further defines a squad as a "small military unit typically containing two or more fire teams. It typically contains
a dozen Soldiers or less." In the Australian, British and Canadian Armed Forces the equivalent of a squad is a section.

The Canadian Forces Manual of Drill and Ceremonial defines a squad as "a small military formation of less than platoon size which is adopted to teach drill movements. (escouade)".

A squad can also be an ad hoc group of soldiers assigned to a task, for example, a firing squad.
Vireo
The vireos /ˈvɪrioʊz/ make up a family, Vireonidae, of small to medium-sized passerine birds found in the New World (Canada to Argentina, including Bermuda and the West Indies) and Southeast Asia.  The family contains 62 species and is divided into eight genera. "Vireo" is a Latin word referring to a green migratory bird, perhaps the female golden oriole, possibly the European greenfinch.

They are typically dull-plumaged and greenish in color, the smaller species resembling wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. They range in size from the Chocó vireo, dwarf vireo and lesser greenlet, all at around 10 cm and 8g, to the peppershrikes and shrike-vireos at up to 17 cm and 40g.

Eurasian golden oriole
The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), also known as the common golden oriole, is a species of passerine bird and the only Old World oriole breeding in Northern Hemisphere temperate regions. It is a summer migrant in Europe and the Palearctic and spends the winter season in central and southern Africa.
Shinagawa Station
Shinagawa Station (Japanese: 品川駅, Hepburn: Shinagawa-eki) is a major railway station in the Takanawa and Konan districts of Minato, Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), and the private railway operator Keikyu. The Tokaido Shinkansen and other trains to the Miura Peninsula, Izu Peninsula, and the Tōkai region pass through here. Though a major station in Tokyo, Shinagawa is not served by the Tokyo subway network. However, it is connected to the Toei Asakusa Line via Keikyu through services.

Despite its name, the station is not located in Shinagawa ward. Shinagawa is also commonly used to refer to the business district around the station, which is in Takanawa and Konan neighborhoods of Minato, directly north of Shinagawa ward.

This station is just south of a large yard complex consisting of Shinagawa Carriage Sidings, Shinagawa Locomotive Depot, and Tamachi Depot.

Izu Peninsula
The Izu peninsula (伊豆半島, Izu Hantō; Japanese pronunciation: [i.(d)zɯ, i.(d)zɯ haꜜn.toː]) is a mountainous peninsula with a deeply indented coastline to the west of Tokyo on the Pacific coast of the island of Honshu, Japan, the largest of the four main islands of Japan. Formerly known as Izu Province, Izu peninsula is now a part of Shizuoka Prefecture.  The peninsula has an area of 1,421.24 km2 (548.74 sq mi) and its estimated population in 2005 was 473,942 people.  The peninsula's populated areas are located primarily on the north and east.
El Observador (character)
El Observador (The Observer) is a fictional character and comic book supervillain appearing in comic books published by Azteca Productions. Co-created by Richard Dominguez and Michael S. Moore, the character made his first appearance in El Gato Negro: Nocturnal Warrior #1 (November 2004).

An expert assassin and mercenary from Brazil, El Observador has an exclusive contract with the South American crime syndicate known as The Annulus. While he possess no superhuman abilities, El Observador is highly skilled with lethal projectiles, bladed weapons, and is a superb hand-to-hand combatant. He is also known by the nickname The Sightless Assassin, due to his lack of human eyes. Instead he has advanced photo lenses attached to his skull that send rapid images to his brain, allowing him to react faster than the average person. El Observador's true identity and origins are currently unknown.

First appearance
In comic books and other stories with a long history, first appearance refers to the first issue to feature a fictional character. These issues are often highly valued by collectors due to their rarity and iconic status.
Elongated Man
Elongated Man (Randolph William "Ralph" Dibny) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He first appeared in The Flash #112 (February 25, 1960).

The character made his live-action debut on The CW's live-action Arrowverse television series The Flash, portrayed by Hartley Sawyer. Additionally, Jeremy Piven, Sean Donnellan, and David Kaye have voiced the character in animation.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
2023 World Baseball Classic Pool B
The 2023 World Baseball Classic Pool B was the second of four pools of the 2023 World Baseball Classic that took place from March 9–13 at the Tokyo Dome in Tokyo, Japan. The top two teams automatically qualified for the top eight knockout stage, beginning with the quarterfinal in Tokyo and the remaining of the bracket in Miami.

The teams in Pool B consisted of Australia, China, newcomer Czech Republic, hosts Japan, and South Korea. Japan won the pool and advanced to the quarterfinals, along with Australia as runners-up. China was relegated to the 2026 World Baseball Classic qualification round through their win percentage.

Shohei Ohtani of Japan was named the most valuable player of Pool B.

Czech Republic national baseball team
The Czech Republic national baseball team (Czech: Česká mužská baseballová reprezentace) is the national baseball team of Czechia (Czech Republic). The team competes in the biennial European Baseball Championship, and debuted in the 2023 World Baseball Classic.

The team will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.
Charley House
Charles Borner House (January 1, 1913 – February 1, 2001), nicknamed "Red", was an American Negro league third baseman in the 1930s and 1940s.

A native of Holly Springs, Mississippi, House played for the Detroit Stars in 1937, and later played for the Homestead Grays in 1945. In 25 recorded career games, he posted 23 hits in 98 plate appearances. House died in River Rouge, Michigan in 2001 at age 88.

Detroit Stars (1937)
The Detroit Stars were a major Negro league baseball team that played in the Negro American League for one season in 1937.  They were a charter member of the NAL, but the team disbanded prior to the 1938 season. This was an entirely different organization from the original Detroit Stars.

This version of the Stars played their home games at DeQuindre Park.
Wayne Duke (footballer)
For the American collegiate sports executive, see Wayne Duke.

Christopher Wayne Duke (10 June 1955 – 2 September 2024) was an Australian rules footballer, who played for the Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the East Perth and Claremont Football Clubs in the West Australian Football League. Duke died on 2 September 2024, at the age of 69.

East Perth Football Club
The East Perth Football Club, nicknamed the Royals, is an Australian rules football club based in Leederville, Western Australia, current playing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW). Formed in 1902 as the Union Football Club, the club entered the WAFL in 1906, changing its name to East Perth. It won its first premiership in 1919, part of a streak of five consecutive premierships. Overall, the club has won 17 premierships, most recently in 2002. The club is currently based at Leederville Oval, which it shares with the Subiaco Football Club, having previously played home games at Wellington Square (from 1901 to 1909) and Perth Oval (formerly known as Loton Park) from 1910 to 1999.

From 2014 until 2018, East Perth served as the host club for the West Coast Eagles of the Australian Football League, the arrangement saw West Coast's reserves players playing in the WAFL for East Perth.
DXLL
DXLL is a call sign assigned to two radio stations and one television station in the Philippines:

DXLL-AM (1044 AM), an AM radio station broadcasting in Zamboanga City as a relay of Davao-based 102.7 Mango Radio

DXLL-FM (94.7 FM), an FM radio station broadcasting in Davao City with the brand 94.7 Max FM

DXLL-TV, a defunct TV station broadcasting in Zamboanga City with the brand ABS-CBN Zamboanga

DXLL-FM
DXLL (94.7 FM), broadcasting as 94.7 Max FM, is a radio station owned by Rizal Memorial Colleges Broadcasting Corporation and operated by Christian Media Management, a subsidiary of Laforteza Group of Companies. It serves as the flagship station of Max FM. The station's studio is located at the ground floor, MKI Inn Building, Sampaguita St. cor. McArthur Highway, Matina, Davao City, and its transmitter is located along Broadcast Ave., Shrine Hills, Matina, Davao City.
Kenny Evans (American football)
Kenneth Gwane Evans (born March 19, 1960) is a retired American football coach. Evans previously served as head football coach at Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma and  East Central High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Evans has worked as an assistant coach at Oklahoma, Florida, North Texas, and Louisiana Tech.

Northeastern State University
Northeastern State University (NSU; Cherokee: ᎤᏴᏢᎢ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎢᏗᏜ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ ᏗᏕᏠᏆᏍᏗᎢ) is a public university whose main campus is in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The university also has campuses in Muskogee and Broken Arrow. Northeastern is Oklahoma's oldest institution of higher learning and one of the oldest west of the Mississippi River. Tahlequah is home to the capital of the Cherokee Nation and about 25% of NSU students identify themselves as American Indian. The university has many courses focused on Native American linguistics, and offers Cherokee language education as a major. Some classes are taught in Cherokee for first language speakers.
Tarski's axiomatization of the reals
In 1936, Alfred Tarski gave an axiomatization of the real numbers and their arithmetic, consisting of only the eight axioms shown below and a mere four primitive notions: the set of reals denoted R, a binary relation over R, denoted by infix <, a binary operation of addition over R, denoted by infix +, and the constant 1.

Tarski's axiomatization, which is a second-order theory, can be seen as a version of the more usual definition of real numbers as the unique Dedekind-complete ordered field; it is however made much more concise by avoiding multiplication altogether and using unorthodox variants of standard algebraic axioms and other subtle tricks. Tarski did not supply a proof that his axioms are sufficient or a definition for the multiplication of real numbers in his system.

Tarski also studied the first-order theory of the structure (R, +, ·, <), leading to a set of axioms for this theory and to the concept of real closed fields.

Second-order logic
In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic is in turn extended by higher-order logic and type theory.

First-order logic quantifies only variables that range over individuals (elements of the domain of discourse); second-order logic, in addition, quantifies over relations. For example, the second-order sentence  says that for every formula P, and every individual x, either Px is true or not(Px) is true (this is the law of excluded middle). Second-order logic also includes quantification over sets, functions, and other variables (see section below). Both first-order and second-order logic use the idea of a domain of discourse (often called simply the "domain" or the "universe"). The domain is a set over which individual elements may be quantified.
Nicky Cadden
Nicholas Cadden (born 19 September 1996) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Hibernian. Cadden has previously played for Airdrieonians, Livingston, Ayr United, Greenock Morton and Barnsley. He is the twin brother of Chris Cadden.

Scottish League One
The Scottish League One, known as William Hill League One for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League One was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Flag of Carillon
The flag of Carillon was flown by the troops of General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm during the Battle of Carillon, which was fought by the French and Canadian forces against those of the British in July 1758 at Fort Carillon.

In 2009, it was displayed at the Musée de l'Amérique française in Quebec City.

Bend (heraldry)
In heraldry, a bend is a band or strap running from the upper dexter (the bearer's right side and the viewer's left) corner of the shield to the lower sinister (the bearer's left side, and the viewer's right). Authorities differ as to how much of the field it should cover, ranging from one-fifth (if shown between other charges) up to one-third (if charged alone).
The Sign of the Dove (restaurant)
The Sign of the Dove was a fine dining restaurant on the Upper East Side of Manhattan which opened in 1962 by dentist Joseph Santo, which he designed himself.

The Santo Family Group sold the 65th Street and 3rd Avenue Property to Related Properties Ltd. who had plans for a mixed use highrise development. Since its closure, it has been considered "one of the lost gems of New York City".

Jessica Mitford wrote a less than flattering story about Sign of the Dove in 1977 for New York (magazine).  Letters were sent saying Mitford was drunk and disorderly and it turns out the letters were written by someone doing PR work for Santo, and wrote about someone else without getting their permission and said it was her.

Jessica Mitford
Jessica Lucy "Decca" Treuhaft (née Freeman-Mitford, later Romilly; 11 September 1917 – 23 July 1996) was an English-American author, communist activist and one of the Mitford sisters. Her 1960 memoir Hons and Rebels and her 1963 book of social commentary The American Way of Death both became classics.

Jessica married her second cousin Esmond Romilly, emigrating to the United States in 1939. Romilly was reported missing in action in 1941 and, in 1943, Mitford married American civil rights lawyer Robert Treuhaft, with whom she worked closely in the Civil Rights Congress. She took American citizenship in 1944. The couple joined the Communist Party USA and refused to testify in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee.
Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey (soundtrack)
Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey is the soundtrack album to the 2010 period film of the same name, composed by Sohail Sen. The lyrics are penned by Javed Akhtar. The film is based on the book Do And Die by Manini Chatterjee, which is based on the Chittagong Uprising of 1930, directed by Ashutosh Gowariker. The album consists of twelve tracks; including five songs and seven background score cues. It was released on 27 October 2010 by T-Series.

Chittagong armoury raid
The Chittagong Uprising termed by the British as Chittagong Armoury Raid, was an attempt on 18 April 1930 to raid the armoury of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armoury of Bengal Province in British India (now in Bangladesh) by armed Indian independence fighters led by Surya Sen.
Girl 27
Girl 27 is a 2007 documentary film by writer/director David Stenn about the 1937 rape of dancer and occasional movie extra Patricia Douglas (1917–2003) at a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer exhibitors' convention, the front-page news stories that followed, and the studio's subsequent cover-up of the crime. Also covered in the film are a similar assault on singer Eloise Spann, following the same party, and her subsequent suicide, as well as the better-known scandal involving actress Loretta Young and her "adopted" daughter Judy Lewis, the product of her date rape by Clark Gable during the production of The Call of the Wild.

Stenn uses first-person interviews and vintage film footage and music to explore the political power of movie studios in 1930s Hollywood, as well as public attitudes toward sexual assault that discouraged victims from coming forward. The filmmaker's dogged pursuit of Douglas, and their resulting friendship, is a consistent theme throughout.

Judy Lewis
Judy Lewis (born Judith Young; November 6, 1935 – November 25, 2011) was an American actress, writer, producer, and therapist. She was the secret biological daughter of actors Loretta Young and Clark Gable.
Humana Festival of New American Plays
The Humana Festival of New American Plays was an internationally renowned festival which celebrated the contemporary American playwright. Produced annually in Louisville, Kentucky by Actors Theatre of Louisville, the festival showcased new theatrical works and drew producers, critics, playwrights, and theatre lovers from around the world.  The festival was founded in 1976 by Jon Jory, who was Producing Director of Actors Theatre of Louisville from 1969 to 2000. Since 1979 The Humana Festival was sponsored by the Humana Foundation which is the philanthropic arm of Humana.

The Humana Festival was shut down permanently in 2022 after holding its final festival in 2021.

Gina Gionfriddo
Gina Gionfriddo (born 1969 or 1970) is an American playwright and television writer. Her plays Becky Shaw and Rapture, Blister, Burn were finalists for the 2009 and 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, respectively. She has written for the television series Law & Order, Law & Order: Criminal Intent, FBI: Most Wanted, The Alienist, and House of Cards.
V488 Persei
V488 Persei is a variable star in the constellation Perseus. The star was first identified as a variable in 1985 from data of a 0.9 m telescope at Kitt Peak. The survey targeted stars of the Alpha Persei Cluster, for which the researchers found a few stars to be variable. The star AP 70, later called V488 Persei was found to be variable with a period of 123.5 hours. The star is a BY Draconis variable, which shows periodic variations due to starspots. In 2012 researchers found a debris disk with extreme infrared excess. The researchers suggested that this dust is the aftermath of the collision between two planetary embryos.

Candidate wide companions around V488 Persei were identified in 2015. Another work does point out problems with this approach, pointing out that wide companions cannot be distinguished from unrelated cluster members.

Protoplanet
A protoplanet or planetary embryo is an astronomical body originated within a protoplanetary disk that has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated interior.

Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into larger bodies through a process known as "runaway growth". Once accumulated enough mass, protoplanets will begin to assume a spherical shape due to hydrostatic equilibrium and become dwarf planets, those of which that subsequently succeed in dominating their own orbit will become planets proper.

An alternative formation pathway of protoplanets is a process called disk fragmentation. Formation by this process, also called gravitational (disk) instability, is favoured for giant planets on wide orbits.