hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Kennedy Miller
Alexander Kennedy Miller (July 14, 1906 – October 23, 1993), also known as A. K. Miller, was an eccentric recluse who operated Miller's Flying Service in 1930, in Montclair, New Jersey, US. Miller provided mail and other delivery services by means of an autogyro, as well as listing "Expert Automobile Repairing" and "Aeroplanes Rebuilt & Overhauled" on his business card. In his later years he was known for his eccentricities, and his collection of valuable antique cars.

Stutz Motor Car Company
The Stutz Motor Car Company was an American automobile manufacturer based in Indianapolis, Indiana that produced high-end sports and luxury cars. The company was founded in 1911 as the Ideal Motor Car Company before merging with the Stutz Auto Parts Company in 1913. Due to the pressures of the Great Depression, the Stutz company went defunct in 1938. The Stutz Motor Car Company produced roughly 39,000 automobiles in their Indianapolis factory during their existence.

The Stutz brand was revived in 1968 as Stutz Motor Car of America, with a focus on producing Neoclassic automobiles. The company is still in existence, but sales of factory-produced vehicles ceased in 1995.
Tuna bun
Tuna bun, Tuna fish bun (Chinese: 吞拿魚包; Jyutping: tan1 naa4 jyu4 baau1) is a Hong Kong-style fish bun. It is a bun that contains tuna paste. It is commonly found in Hong Kong.

Due to the high price of a whole tuna, almost all bakeries in Hong Kong use canned tuna to make tuna buns.

A tuna bun filled with canned tuna

Bun
A bun is a type of bread that is round and small enough that it can generally be eaten hand-held. Whether a bun is considered sweetened or unsweetened differs between countries: it is considered sweetened in England, Scotland and Wales, a savory bread in Northern Ireland, and either a sweet bread or a savory bread roll in the United States.
Baaghi (TV series)
Baaghi (Urdu: باغی, lit. 'Rebel') is a Pakistani television series premiered on Urdu 1 on July 27, 2017, and based on the life of the Pakistani model and actress Fauzia Batool (better known as Qandeel Baloch), who was murdered by her brother in the name of honor in July 2016. The screenplay of the drama has been done by Umera Ahmad. Saba Qamar plays the lead character of Fauzia/Qandeel in the series.

Within a week of its launch, Baaghi became the most watched serial being viewed by Pakistanis on YouTube and has also been the limelight of controversies, as expected. The drama is one of the most hyped TV serials ever produced in Pakistan.

It won three awards at the  17th Lux Style Awards, including Best TV Play and Best Actress for Saba Qamar.

Umera Ahmed
Umera Ahmed (Urdu: عمیرہ احمد) is a Pakistani writer, author and screenwriter. She is best known for her novels and plays Shehr-e-Zaat, Pir-e-Kamil, Zindagi Gulzar Hai, Alif, Durr-e-Shehwar, Daam, Man-o-Salwa, Qaid-e-Tanhai, Digest Writer, Maat, Kankar, Meri Zaat Zarra-e-Benishan, Doraha and Hum Kahan Ke Sachay Thay. Umera Ahmed is one of the most widely read and popular Urdu fiction novelists and screenplay writers of this era.
The Calendar of Modern Letters
The Calendar of Modern Letters was a short-lived British literary review journal. It was established by the poet Edgell Rickword, and published from March 1925 to July 1927.

Contributors included Edmund Blunden, Robert Graves, Siegfied Sassoon, D. H. Lawrence, E. M. Forster, Wyndham Lewis, Edwin Muir, Luigi Pirandello, Leonid Leonov, Alexander Nieverov, Isaac Babel, Hart Crane, Allen Tate and John Crowe Ransom.

Leonid Leonov
Leonid Maksimovich Leonov (Russian: Леони́д Макси́мович Лео́нов; 31 May [O.S. 19 May] 1899 — 8 August 1994) was a Soviet novelist and playwright of socialist realism. His works have been compared with Dostoevsky's deep psychological torment.
Sam Post
Samuel Gilbert Post (November 17, 1896 in Richmond, Virginia – March 31, 1971 in Portsmouth, Virginia), is a former professional baseball player who played first base in nine games for the 1922 Brooklyn Robins.

He was later the manager of the Salem Witches in the New England League during the 1930 season.

New England League
The New England League was a mid-level league in American minor league baseball that played intermittently in five of the six New England states (Vermont excepted) between 1886 and 1949. After 1901, it existed in the shadow of two Major League Baseball clubs in Boston and alongside stronger, higher-classification leagues.

In 1946, the NEL, the International League and the Canadian–American League – which all included farm teams of the Brooklyn Dodgers – were the first 20th century leagues (other than the Negro leagues) to permit African Americans to play. The following season, Jackie Robinson and Larry Doby would integrate the major leagues.
Ch'uxña Quta (Murillo)
Ch'uxña Quta (Aymara ch'uxña green, quta lake, "green lake", also spelled Chojña Kkota) is a lake in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. It is situated in the Murillo Province, Palca Municipality. Ch'uxña Quta lies northeast of the mountain Tata Ch'iyar Qullu.

The river Jach'a Sura (Jachcha Sura) which originates near the mountain Ch'iyar Qullu flows through the lake. Its direction is to the southwest along the village of Chuqi Quta ("gold lake", Choquecota, Choquekhota) where it changes its name to Chuqi Quta (Choquekkota). The river is an affluent of Wila Pampa which later is called Pallqa (Palca). Its waters flow to the La Paz River.

Choqueyapu River
The Choqueyapu River, sometimes called the La Paz River, is a river in the La Paz Department of Bolivia. It belongs to the drainage basin of the Amazon. The river originates in a spring called Achachi Qala (Aymara: achachi border stone, old, grandfather, qala stone) in the Cordillera Real near the mountain Chacaltaya at a height of 5,395 m. It crosses the city La Paz from north to south. South of Illimani and north of the Kimsa Cruz mountain range it turns to the east; at this point it is better known as the La Paz River. The confluence with Cotacajes River is the beginning of the Beni River, also known as Alto Beni ("high Beni") in this region. The river is known to be contaminated with sewage, with enteropathogenic bacteria which is believed to contribute to the high incidence of diarrheal disease in the city of La Paz.

Tributaries include the Amutara River.
Gaius Julius Silanus
Gaius Julius Silanus was a Roman senator and general who held a series of offices in the emperor's service. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of January to April 92 as the colleague of Quintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus. Silanus is known solely through inscriptions.

Ronald Syme speculates Silanus came from Tres Galliae, and adds that "the cognomen need have nothing to do with the aristocratic Junii Silani." He was co-opted into the Arval Brethren on 22 January 86 to replace the recently deceased Gaius Vipstanus Apronianus. While he was appointed magister in the year 87, he was absent from the records of the sodales for the rest of that year, and again from 89 to 91; Syme speculates Silanus was absent due to imperial appointment either to command a legion or to govern one of the eight imperial praetorian provinces.

Ronald Syme
Sir Ronald Syme, OM, FBA (11 March 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. He was regarded as the greatest historian of ancient Rome since Theodor Mommsen and the most brilliant exponent of the history of the Roman Empire since Edward Gibbon. His great work was The Roman Revolution (1939), a masterly and controversial analysis of political life in the Roman Republic following the assassination of Julius Caesar, offering critical views about Octavian in particular that challenged widely accepted views in contemporary academia.
The Tipping Point (The Roots album)
The Tipping Point is the sixth studio album by American hip-hop band the Roots, released July 13, 2004 on Geffen Records. It is named after Canadian journalist Malcolm Gladwell's book of the same name (2000), and is the follow-up to Phrenology (2002). The album is a musical departure from their previous work, featuring a more diverse, yet pop-oriented sound, and it contains lyrics associated with rapping-prowess, political insight, and social commentary. The Tipping Point has been noted by music writers for exhibiting and emphasizing soul, jazz, and funk influences as well. The song "I Don't Care" was featured on the soundtrack of the game Gran Turismo 4.

The cover image is a stylised rendering of a 1944 Boston police mug shot of Malcolm X, following his arrest for larceny.

The Tipping Point
The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference is the debut book by Canadian writer Malcolm Gladwell, first published by Little, Brown in 2000. Gladwell defines a tipping point as "the moment of critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point." The book seeks to explain and describe the "mysterious" sociological changes that mark everyday life. As Gladwell states: "Ideas and products and messages and behaviors spread like viruses do." The examples of such changes in his book include the rise in popularity and sales of Hush Puppies shoes (Leather Suede Shoes) in the mid-1990s and the steep drop in New York City's crime rate after 1990.
Georgina Montagu
Georgina Montagu is a British journalist and author. In 2022, she wrote Top Dogs: A British Love Affair.

Top Dogs has a foreword from Queen Camilla (and pictures of her rescue terriers), and interviews with subjects including Andrew Lloyd Webber, Camilla Lowther and her partner Charles Aboah, Carole Bamford, the Irish Guards, Jasper Conran, John Pawson, Philip Mould and the Duke of Richmond, along with photos of their dogs.

Montagu is the great-granddaughter of English collector and philanthropist Nellie Ionides who, at her home in Sussex, Buxted Park, had kennels for more than 100 standard poodles, and ran a school for kennel maids.

She has lived in London, Tokyo, Paris and San Francisco, and worked for The Sunday Times Magazine and The World of Interiors, among others.

Montagu has two daughters and a standard poodle, Rollo, and lives in London .

Buxted Park
Buxted Park is an 84.7 hectare (206.16 acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, located near the village of Buxted, East Sussex, England. The main house is just over 0.5 km northeast of the town of Uckfield. The site was notified in 1989 under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. The site is an old deer park dating back to 1199, which consists of large amounts of unimproved grassland areas. The house which forms the centrepiece of the estate is now a country house hotel owned and operated by Hand Picked Hotels.

The park is famous for its herd of deer and a large artificial lake which is home to several exotic birds.
Garden World Images
Garden World Images, (GWI) previously known as the Harry Smith Collection, whose origins can be traced back to the early 1950s and is one of the oldest and largest library of horticultural/botanical colour photographs in the World. The library supplies images of flowers, plants and gardens to newspapers, TV shows, publishers and magazines around the world. GWI has been involved with hundreds of publications and influential books such as Dr. D. G. Hessayon's "Expert" series as well as all of the Greenfingers Guides.

GWI is run by Managing Director Tyrone McGlinchey FLS Linnean Society of London, who is also Vice Chairman of the Garden Media Guild. GWI is a majority Dutch owned picture library, the main shareholder being Floramedia, and the other shareholder is Tyrone McGlinchey. GWI is based in England.

D. G. Hessayon
David Gerald Hessayon OBE (13 February 1928 – 16 January 2025) was an English author and botanist who is known for a best-selling series of paperback gardening manuals known as the "Expert Guides" under his title Dr. D. G. Hessayon. The series started in 1958 with Be Your Own Gardening Expert and in 2008 it celebrated its 50th anniversary and the 50 millionth copy in print. They have become the best selling gardening books in history.
Bob Harrington
Robert Maxon Harrington (January 30, 1912, in Marshfield, Wisconsin – August 20, 1983, in Kona, Hawaii) was an American jazz vibraphonist.

Harrington was also adept at drums and piano in addition to vibraphone. He played with Charlie Barnet in the early 1950s on piano, and worked with both Red Nichols and Bud Freeman that decade as a drummer. On vibraphone, he played with Georgie Auld, Buddy DeFranco, Vido Musso, Ben Webster, Ann Richards, and Harry Babasin's Jazzpickers. He released one solo album, Vibraphone Fantasy in Jazz, on Imperial Records in 1957, which is now a collector's item.

Red Nichols
Ernest Loring "Red" Nichols (May 8, 1905 – June 28, 1965) was an American jazz cornetist, composer, and jazz bandleader. He was one of the most prolific and influential jazz musicians in the late 1920s and early 1930s, appearing on over 4,000 recordings. In 1959, a biopic was made of his life and career, The Five Pennies, starring Danny Kaye.
William A. Pile
William Anderson Pile (February 11, 1829 – July 7, 1889) was a nineteenth-century politician and minister from Missouri, as well as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was Governor of New Mexico Territory from 1869 to 1871 and the U.S. Ambassador to Venezuela from 1871 to 1874.

New Mexico Territory
The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of Nuevo México becoming part of the American frontier after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. It existed with varying boundaries until the territory was admitted to the Union as the U.S. state of New Mexico in 1912. This jurisdiction was an organized, incorporated territory of the US for nearly 62 years, the longest period of any territory in the contiguous United States.
Nabe al-Tayeb
Nabe al-Tayeb (Arabic: نبع الطيب) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the al-Suqaylabiyah District of the Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nabe al-Tayeb had a population of 1,521 in the 2004 census. It was administratively merged with the neighboring village of Annab and the merged village was later incorporated into the municipality of Ayn al-Kurum.

Al-Suqaylabiyah District
35°22′11″N 36°22′48″E﻿ / ﻿35.369722°N 36.38°E﻿ / 35.369722; 36.38

Al-Suqaylabiyah District (Arabic: السقيلبية As Suqailabiya) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 official census, the district had a population of 240,091. Its administrative centre is the city of al-Suqaylabiyah. The district includes most of al-Ghab plain. It is currently controlled by the Syrian transitional government.
2014 UCI Women's Road World Cup
The 2014 UCI Women's Road World Cup is the 17th edition of the UCI Women's Road World Cup and part of the 2014 UCI women's calendar. One race was added compared to the 2013 edition: the German Giro Bochum. This race was already on the women's calendar since 2001 as 1.1 category race.

Sparkassen Giro Bochum
The Sparkassen Giro Bochum was a road bicycle race held for both men's and women's around an urban circuit in the German city of Bochum, Germany. The race was first held in 1998, and was last held in 2019. The men's race was part of the UCI Europe Tour from 2005, being organised as 1.1 race. The women's race was part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup in 2014 and 2015, but did not join the UCI Women's World Tour for 2016.

In 2022, it was announced that the race would not return, after the 2020 and 2021 editions had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Jim Metzen
James P. Metzen (October 26, 1943 – July 11, 2016) was an American politician and member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represented District 52, which included portions of Dakota County in the southeastern Twin Cities metropolitan area.

South St. Paul, Minnesota
South St. Paul is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota, United States, immediately south and southeast of St. Paul and east of West St. Paul. The population was 20,759 at the 2020 census. The town was a major meat-packing location, and many residents are descended from immigrants of Southern European and Eastern European heritage, who came to work in the meat-packing plants in the early twentieth century.

A post office called "South St. Paul" has been in operation since 1888. The city was named based on its location, south of St. Paul.

There is a high school and middle school called "South St. Paul Secondary", who is home to the South St. Paul Packers.
Minuscule 828
Minuscule 828 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. It is designated by the siglum 828 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε219 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. The manuscript has survived in a complete condition. It contains  marginal notes. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), the manuscript has been assigned to the 12th century.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
Herbert Druce
Herbert Druce, FLS (14 July 1846 in London – 11 April 1913 in London) was an English entomologist. His collections were acquired by Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), Osbert Salvin (1835–1898), and James John Joicey (1870–1932) before being bequeathed to the Natural History Museum in London.

He is not to be confused with his son, the English entomologist Hamilton Herbert Druce (1869 – 21 June 1922), who also worked on Lepidoptera.

Osbert Salvin
Osbert Salvin FRS (25 February 1835 – 1 June 1898) was an English naturalist, ornithologist, and herpetologist best known for co-authoring Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915) with Frederick DuCane Godman. This was a 52-volume encyclopedia on the natural history of Central America.
Call It Luck
Call It Luck is a 1934 American comedy film directed by James Tinling and written by Dudley Nichols and Lamar Trotti. The film stars Pat Paterson, Herbert Mundin and  Charles Starrett. The film was released on June 1, 1934, by Fox Film Corporation. A review in Variety concluded that "Herbert Mundin steals the picture despite that Pat Paterson, whom Fox is trying to build up, is given every opportunity to snatch attention".

Dudley Nichols
Dudley Nichols (April 6, 1895 – January 4, 1960) was an American screenwriter and film director. He was the first person to decline an Academy Award, as part of a boycott to gain recognition for the Screen Writers Guild; he would later accept his Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1938.
Sundha Mata Temple
Sundha Mata temple is a nearly 900-year-old temple of Mother goddess Chamunda situated on a hilltop called Sundha, located at longitude 72.367°E and latitude 24.833°N, in Jalore District of Rajasthan, India. It is 64 km (40 mi) from Mount Abu and 20 km (12 mi) from the town of Bhinmal.

Mount Abu
Aburaj (pronunciationⓘ) is a hill station in the Sirohi district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. Here, the mountain forms a rocky plateau 22 km long by 9 km wide. It is referred to as 'an oasis in the desert' as its heights are home to rivers, lakes, waterfalls and evergreen forests. It is also home to numerous Jain and Hindu temples.
Agaricus amicosus
Agaricus amicosus is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

The mushroom is found in high-elevation forests in the Rocky Mountains, particularly in the Colorado Rockies. It occurs in deep leaf litter under spruce and fir and fruits from late summer to early fall.

The species was formally described by mycologist Richard W. Kerrigan in 1989, from a holotype collected in Grand County, Colorado.

It is considered a choice edible species.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Polanyi potential theory
In physical chemistry, the Polanyi potential theory, also called Polanyi's potential theory of adsorption or Eucken–Polanyi potential theory, is a model of adsorption proposed independently by Michael Polanyi and Arnold Eucken. Under this model, adsorption can be measured through the equilibrium between the chemical potential of a gas near the surface and the chemical potential of the gas from a large distance away.

In this model, the attraction largely due to Van der Waals forces of the gas to the surface is determined by the position of the gas particle from the surface, and that the gas behaves as an ideal gas until condensation where the gas exceeds its equilibrium vapor pressure. While the adsorption theory of William Henry is more applicable in low pressure and the adsorption isotherm equation from Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory is more useful at from 0.05 to 0.35 P/P0, the Polanyi potential theory has much more application at higher P/P0 (≈ 0.1–0.8).

Henry adsorption constant
The Henry adsorption constant is the constant appearing in the linear adsorption isotherm, which formally resembles Henry's law; therefore, it is also called Henry's adsorption isotherm. It is named after British chemist William Henry. This is the simplest adsorption isotherm in that the amount of the surface adsorbate is represented to be proportional to the partial pressure of the adsorptive gas:

where:

X - surface coverage,

P - partial pressure,

KH - Henry's adsorption constant.

For solutions, concentrations, or activities, are used instead of the partial pressures.

The linear isotherm can be used to describe the initial part of many practical isotherms. It is typically taken as valid for low surface coverages, and the adsorption energy being independent of the coverage (lack of inhomogeneities on the surface).

The Henry adsorption constant can be defined as:

where:

is the number density at free phase,

is the surface number density,