hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mohamed Amine Sbihi
Mohamed Amine Sbihi (Arabic: محمد أمين الصبيحي - born 1954, Salé) is a Moroccan politician of the Party of Progress and Socialism. Between 3 January 2012 and 6 April 2017, he held the position of Minister of Culture in Abdelilah Benkirane's government. He was succeeded by Mohamed Laaraj. He was professor of Statistics and Mathematics at the Mohammed V University of Rabat and al-Akhawayn University of Ifrane.

In December 2021, Sbihi was named ambassador to Greece and Cyprus by King Mohammed VI. On 19 January 2022, he presented credentials to the President of the Hellenic Republic Katerina Sakellaropoulou.

Katerina Sakellaropoulou
Katerina N. Sakellaropoulou (Greek: Κατερίνα Ν. Σακελλαροπούλου [kateˈrina sacelaroˈpulu]; born 30 May 1956) is a Greek retired judge who served as the president of Greece from 2020 to 2025. She was elected by the Hellenic Parliament to succeed Prokopis Pavlopoulos on 22 January 2020. Prior to her election as president, Sakellaropoulou served as president of the Council of State, the highest administrative court of Greece. She was the country's first female president.
Polyommatus hunza
Polyommatus hunza is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1890. It is found in the Pamir Mountains.

Seitz under Polyommatus stoliczkanus "hunza Gr.-Grsh. (80) are very large specimens with almost entirely white underside, the ocelli and russet-coloured marginal spots being reduced to weak vestiges; from the Pamir."

Adalbert Seitz
Friedrich Joseph Adalbert Seitz, (24 February 1860 in Mainz – 5 March 1938 in Darmstadt) was a German physician and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was a director of the Frankfurt zoo from 1893 to 1908 and is best known for editing the multivolume reference on the butterflies and larger moths of the world Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde which continued after his death.
Tabayo 1
Tabayo 1 (also spelled Tagbayo 1) is a village in southwestern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Guéyo, Guéyo Department, Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District.

Tabayo 1 was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Bas-Sassandra District
Bas-Sassandra District (French: District du Bas-Sassandra; [ba.sa.sɑ̃d.ʁa], "Lower Sassandra") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the southwest part of the country. The capital of the district is San-Pédro.
Magistrate
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, magistrate is a word applied to a person responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e.g., England and Wales), magistrates are typically trained volunteers appointed to deal with criminal and civil matters in their local areas.

Lower court
A lower court or inferior court is a court from which an appeal may be taken, usually referring to courts other than supreme court. In relation to an appeal from one court to another, the lower court is the court whose decision is being reviewed, which may be the original trial court or some of appellate court lower in rank than the supreme court which is hearing the appeal. In other words, lower courts are 'lower' in hierarchical chain of appellate procedure than other higher appellate courts. Usually it is obligation of a lower court to follow the decision of higher appellate court, even in civil law countries where precedents have no binding power.

Some common law countries  use term "lower court" or "inferior court" as antonym for "superior court", meaning such lower courts have only limited jurisdiction according to importance of case (usually decided by monetary amount of claims). For information on this kind of courts, see Small claims court and superior court.
The Cowslingers
The Cowslingers were a Cleveland, Ohio-based cowpunk band active from 1991 to 2004. Critics such as Ed Masley have noted that the band's musical style is difficult to classify, as it includes elements of rock 'n' roll, Americana, and rockabilly. Although they have won awards as a country music band, their sound is very different from conventional American 21st-century country music; instead, it sounds more similar to the music of Merle Haggard and Johnny Cash.

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.
Moodie Brock Lovell
Moodie Brock Lovell (April 11, 1853 – January 29, 1902) was a lumber merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented Stanstead in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1890 to 1892 and from 1900 to 1904 as a Liberal.

He was born in Barnston, Canada East, the son of Henry Lovell and Artemissa Merriman, and was educated in Coaticook. He entered the lumber business with his father in the company H. Lovell and Sons. Lovell was also involved in the operation of the Grand Valley Lumber Company, also owned by his father. In 1878, he married Charlotte Elizabeth Pierce. Lovell did not run for reelection in 1892 and was defeated in 1897. He was president of the agricultural society for the Eastern Townships. He died in office in Portland, Maine at the age of 48 and was buried in Coaticook.

His brother Charles Henry served in the House of Commons of Canada.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
2005–06 Jordan FA Cup
The 2005–06 Jordan FA Cup is the 26th edition of the Jordan FA Cup since its establishment in 1980. It started on 9 August 2005 and ended on 27 May 2006. The winner of the competition will earn a spot in the 2007 AFC Cup.

Shabab Al-Ordon won their first title after a 2–1 win over Al-Faisaly in the final on 27 May 2006.

Shabab Al-Ordon SC
Shabab Al-Ordon Club (Arabic: نادي شباب الأردن, lit. 'Jordan Youth Club') is a Jordanian professional football club based in Amman, that competes in the Jordanian Pro League. The club was established in 2002, but originated from its club Al-Qadisiyah.
Jim Nash (politician)
James A. Nash (born September 23, 1967) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2015. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Nash represents District 48A in the western Twin Cities metropolitan area, which includes the cities of Waconia, Victoria, and Chaska, and parts of Carver County.

Carver County, Minnesota
Carver County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,922. Its county seat is Chaska. Carver County is named for explorer Jonathan Carver, who in 1766–67, traveled from Boston to the Minnesota River and wintered among the Sioux near the site of New Ulm. Carver County is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Middle Point, Northern Territory
Middle Point is an administrative locality in the Northern Territory of Australia.

This locality derives its name from the ridge of fertile land sticking 
into the edge of the coastal plains of the Adelaide River.

Some features of this locality are

a former CSIRO Research Station,

a school (the Middle Point School),

a Department of Defence Transmitting Station ,

assorted farms,

Harrison Dam ,

Fogg Dam Conservation Reserve

and was the home of the failed Humpty Doo Rice Project .

The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Middle Point had 58 people living within its boundaries.

Middle Point is located within the federal division of Lingiari, the territory electoral division of Goyder and the local government area of the Litchfield Municipality.

Fogg Dam Conservation Reserve
The Fogg Dam Conservation Reserve is a protected area consisting of a wetland area approximately 70 km (43 mi) east of Darwin in the Northern Territory of Australia. It lies within the Adelaide and Mary River Floodplains, which is an Important Bird Area.

It attracts a wide range of local and migratory water birds and other wildlife including one of the largest populations of snakes within Australia (including the water python and death adder), and includes several raised observation platforms.

Saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) and freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) can be seen at Fogg Dam all year around.
Fogg Dam is open 24hr/365days but not preferable at night due to the dangers of crocodiles.
Özkan Manav
Ali Özkan Manav (born May 20, 1967) is a Turkish composer of contemporary classical music. His earlier works were influenced by Saygun, Usmanbaş, and Ligeti. Some of his orchestral works feature aleatoric passages. Later works combine newer timbral concerns with maqamic pitch content, microtones together with elements of folk music. These include traditional ornamentations, vocal, and instrumental components.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Yvon Tassé
Yvon-Roma Tassé, CM (1 October 1910 – 28 August 1998) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Tassé was born in Saint-Gabriel-de-Brandon, Quebec and became a civil engineer by trade. He was instrumental in opening the Saint Lawrence River for ships during the winter season.

His first federal election campaign was at the Quebec South electoral district for a by-election in September 1955. In the 1958 general election, he won the Quebec East riding and served one term, the 24th Canadian Parliament during which he was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Public Works from November 1959 to November 1961 and again for the first four months of 1962. Tassé was defeated in the 1962 election by Jean Robert Beaulé of the Social Credit party.

In 1993, Tassé was awarded the Order of Canada. He died on 28 August 1998.

24th Canadian Parliament
The 24th Canadian Parliament was in session from May 12, 1958, until April 19, 1962. The membership was set by the 1958 federal election on March 31, 1958, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1962 election.

It was controlled by a Progressive Conservative Party majority,  which won the largest majority in Canadian history, under Prime Minister John Diefenbaker and the 18th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by Lester B. Pearson.

The Speaker was Roland Michener.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1952-1966 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were five sessions of the 24th Parliament.
Pouncey
Pouncey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Maurkice Pouncey (born 1989), American football player

Mike Pouncey (born 1989), American football player, twin brother of Maurkice

Peter Pouncey (born 1937), British author, classicist, and university president

Peter Pouncey
Peter R. Pouncey (October 1, 1937 – May 30, 2023) was a British-American author, classicist, and president of Amherst College. He was known for his wit, his erudition, and his sophisticated works of both academic analysis and fiction.
Algerian Tractors Company
Algerian Tractors Company ATC Spa is an Algerian agricultural machinery manufacturer. It is a joint venture created on August 16, 2012, after an agreement between the Algerian company Etrag and the American Group AGCO. The factory produce tractors in El Khroub, close to Constantine, Algeria.

Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction.  Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, and now many more. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
Washington Avenue Bridge (Iowa Falls, Iowa)
The Washington Avenue Bridge in Iowa Falls, Iowa, is a concrete two-span open-spandrel arch bridge that carries Washington Avenue over the Iowa River. Originally, it served as part of U.S. Route 20. The bridge was built in 1934 by the Weldon Brothers at a cost of $51,710.55.

In the 1920s and 1930s, if a relatively long bridge was needed in a rural area, it would typically have been constructed using steel trusses. However, in urban settings—where sufficient height allowed for wide arches—a concrete open-spandrel arch bridge could be built, offering both structural efficiency and visual appeal. In Iowa, other examples of this bridge type include the Mederville Bridge (1918), the Adair Viaduct (1923), and the Iowa Falls Bridge (1928, also built by the Weldon Brothers). The Washington Avenue bridge is especially notable as a well-preserved two-span example.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Spandrel
A spandrel is a roughly triangular space, usually found in pairs, between the top of an arch and a rectangular frame, between the tops of two adjacent arches, or one of the four spaces between a circle within a square. They are frequently filled with decorative elements.
Pseudofusulus
Pseudofusulus varians is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae.

Genus Pseudofusulus is monotypic genus (contains one species only) with Pseudofusulus varians as its type species.

It is a relict species from Atlantic period of the Holocene, inhabiting exclusively nature beech and scree forests in Europe.

Atlantic period
The Atlantic in palaeoclimatology was the warmest and moistest Blytt–Sernander period, pollen zone and chronozone of Holocene northern Europe. The climate was generally warmer than today. It was preceded by the Boreal, with a climate similar to today's, and was followed by the Subboreal, a transition to the modern. Because it was the warmest period of the Holocene, the Atlantic is often referenced more directly as the Holocene climatic optimum, or just climatic optimum.
Sulfanilamide
Sulfanilamide (also spelled sulphanilamide) is a sulfonamide antibacterial drug. Chemically, it is an organic compound consisting of an aniline derivatized with a sulfonamide group.  Powdered sulfanilamide was used by the Allies in World War II to reduce infection rates and contributed to a dramatic reduction in mortality rates compared to previous wars.  Sulfanilamide is rarely if ever used systemically due to toxicity and because more effective sulfonamides are available for this purpose. Modern antibiotics have supplanted sulfanilamide on the battlefield; however, sulfanilamide remains in use today in the form of topical preparations, primarily for treatment of vaginal yeast infections such as vulvovaginitis caused by Candida albicans.

The term "sulfanilamides" is also sometimes used to describe a family of molecules containing these functional groups. Examples include:

Furosemide, a loop diuretic

Sulfadiazine, an antibiotic

Sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic

Systemic administration
Systemic administration is a route of administration of medication, nutrition or other substance into the circulatory system so that the entire body is affected.  Administration can take place via enteral administration (absorption of the drug through the gastrointestinal tract) or parenteral administration (generally injection, infusion, or implantation).

Contrast with topical administration where the effect is generally local.
Litky, Kyiv Oblast
Lítky (Ukrainian: Літки), in ancient times Litkovychi (Ukrainian: Літковичі, Velyki Litkovychi, Velyki Litky) is a Ukrainian selo, (a market town from the 17th century to 1923) located on the Desna River in Brovary Raion (district) of Kyiv Oblast (province), 29 km (18 mi) to north east from the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv. It belongs to Zazymia rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Desna (river)
The Desna (Russian and Ukrainian: Десна) is a river in Russia and Ukraine, a major left-tributary of the Dnieper. Its name in Old East Slavic: деснъ means lit. "right hand". It has a length of 1,130 km (702 mi), and its drainage basin covers 88,900 km2 (34,324 sq mi).

In Ukraine, the river's width ranges from 60 to 250 metres (200 to 820 ft), with its average depth being 3 m (10 ft). The mean annual discharge at its mouth is 360 m3/s (13,000 cu ft/s). The river freezes over from early December to early April, and is navigable from Novhorod-Siverskyi to its mouth, a length of about 535 km (332 mi).

The water level of the river reached its lowest recorded point in 140 years in June 2020. This water level was 5 m (16 ft) below normal for that time of year.
SAO Romanija
The SAO of Romanija (Serbian Cyrillic: САО Романија, Serbian: SAO Romanija) was a self-proclaimed ethnic Serb autonomous region within SR Bosnia and Herzegovina in the prelude to the Bosnian War. It was named after the Romanija mountain. It included parts of three municipalities with a population of 37,000. It was formed as part of a coordinated political project by the Serb Democratic Party (SDS) to create a separate Serb polity.

The entity was centered in Pale, in the Romanija mountain region east of Sarajevo. In November 1991, it was reorganized and merged with SAO Birač to form the SAO Romanija-Birač. These SAO structures were subsequently incorporated into the "Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" (Srpska Republika Bosna i Hercegovina) when it was proclaimed on 9 January 1992. This entity was officially renamed Republika Srpska on 12 August 1992.

Pale, Republika Srpska
Pale (Serbian Cyrillic: Пале) is a town and municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated southeast of the inner city of Sarajevo, making it de facto a 
town and suburb of Sarajevo. As of 2013, it had a population of 22,282 inhabitants, while the town of Pale has a population of 13,883 inhabitants.

The famous Jahorina ski resort is located some 15 km (9.3 mi) from the municipality.

The Romanija mountainous region separates Pale from Sokolac, with highlands stretching out as far as Vlasenica and Rogatica.
Spjelkavik IL
Spjelkavik IL is a Norwegian sports club from the neighborhood Spjelkavik in Ålesund. It has sections for football, handball and skiing, and was founded on 18 March 1932.

Alpine skiers Mona and Nina Løseth represent the club.

The women's football team last played in the top division in 1992. Ann Kristin Aarønes was the top goalscorer during this heyday for the club. Spjelkavik IL currently doesn't have a senior team for women. The men's team currently resides in the 3. divisjon (fourth tier), having last played in the 2. divisjon in 2002. Notable former players include Tor Hogne Aarøy.

Norwegian Third Division
The Norwegian Third Division, also called Norsk Tipping-Ligaen, is the fourth highest division of the men's football league in Norway. Like the rest of the Norwegian football league system, the season runs from spring to autumn, running approximately from April to October. After the 2010 season, the league was reorganised, reducing the number of teams to 164 and halving the number of parallel sections from 24 to 12. After the 2016 season, the league was again reorganised, reducing the number of teams from 164 to 84, and halved the number of groups from twelve to six.

All six group winners promote to 2. divisjon, while the bottom four in all groups are relegated to 4. divisjon.
Stajkowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Stajkowo [stai̯ˈkɔvɔ] (German: Krausenkathen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Białogard, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Białogard and 124 km (77 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Białogard County
Białogard County (Polish: powiat białogardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Białogard, which lies 113 kilometres (70 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other towns in the county are Karlino, lying 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Białogard, and Tychowo, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Białogard.

The county covers an area of 845.36 square kilometres (326.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population was 48,241, out of which the population of Białogard was 24,339, that of Karlino 5,794, and the rural population 18,108 (including approximately 2,500 for the population of Tychowo, which became a town in 2010).
4-Aminobiphenyl
4-Aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5C6H4NH2. It is an amine derivative of biphenyl. It is a colorless solid, although aged samples can appear colored. 4-Aminobiphenyl was commonly used in the past as a rubber antioxidant and an intermediate for dyes. Exposure to this aryl-amine can happen through contact with chemical dyes and from inhalation of cigarette smoke. Researches showed that 4-aminobiphenyl is responsible for bladder cancer in humans and dogs by damaging DNA. Due to its carcinogenic effects, commercial production of 4-aminobiphenyl ceased in the United States in the 1950s.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).