hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valerie Belton
Valerie Belton, commonly known as Val Belton, is a retired professor of management science at University of Strathclyde. She is a researcher who has worked on the design and application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches for over 30 years. She co-authored a book on this field Multicriteria Decision Analysis: An Integrated Approach, that was released in 2002. She has attempted to incorporate multi-criteria decision analysis with problem structuring techniques, system dynamics, and other analytical approaches. She has a number of scholarly articles to her name and served as the editor of the journal Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis.

Problem structuring methods
Problem structuring methods (PSMs) are a group of techniques used to model or to map the nature or structure of a situation or state of affairs that some people want to change. PSMs are usually used by a group of people in collaboration (rather than by a solitary individual) to create a consensus about, or at least to facilitate negotiations about, what needs to change. Some widely adopted PSMs include

soft systems methodology

the strategic choice approach

strategic options development and analysis (SODA)

Unlike some problem solving methods that assume that all the relevant issues and constraints and goals that constitute the problem are defined in advance or are uncontroversial, PSMs assume that there is no single uncontested representation of what constitutes the problem.

PSMs are mostly used with groups of people, but PSMs have also influenced the coaching and counseling of individuals.
Morton Shelley Bailey
Morton Shelley Bailey (July 3, 1855 – May 16, 1922) was an American politician who served in the Colorado Senate from the 14th district from 1891 to 1893 and as an Associate Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court from 1909 to 1922.

Colorado Senate
The Colorado State Senate is the upper house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Colorado. It is composed of 35 members elected from single-member districts, with each district having a population of about 123,000 as of the 2000 census. Senators are elected to four-year terms, and are limited to two consecutive terms in office. Senators who are term-limited become eligible to run again after a one-term (four year) respite.

The Colorado Senate convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
Tornay (surname)
Tornay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Balázs Tornay (born 1969), Hungarian alpine skier

Cédric Tornay (1975–1998), Swiss lance corporal of the Swiss Guard and murderer

Maurice Tornay (1910–1949), Swiss Catholic priest

Vatican murders
The Vatican murders occurred on 4 May 1998, when Swiss Guard lance corporal Cédric Tornay, using his service pistol, shot and killed the commander of the Swiss Guard, Alois Estermann, and Estermann's wife, Gladys Meza Romero, in Vatican City, before killing himself. The murder happened the same day that Estermann was confirmed in his position as commander, after a period of being acting commander.

Estermann, as the acting commander of the guard, had disciplined Tornay for infractions; as a result, he rejected Tornay for the Benemerenti medal, which Swiss Guards usually receive. Prior to the crime, Tornay wrote a suicide note to his family complaining about Estermann and the supposed injustices he had inflicted against him. The case shocked the Vatican and initiated a media frenzy. The murders spawned various conspiracy theories that questioned the official narrative, though none has ever been substantiated.
2016 Advantage Cars Prague Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles of the 2016 Advantage Cars Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.

Wesley Koolhof and Matwé Middelkoop were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Julian Knowle and Igor Zelenay won the title after defeating Facundo Argüello and Julio Peralta 6–4, 7–5 in the final.

Facundo Argüello (tennis)
Facundo Argüello (Spanish pronunciation: [faˈkundo aɾˈɣweʝo]; born 4 August 1992) is an Argentine inactive tennis player.

He played in an ATP 250 doubles event in 2011.

In 2013 he played the qualifying stages of the Roland Garros Open and US Open. In 2014 he won the Itajaí Challenger, beating Diego Schwartzman in the final match. He qualified directly to the 2014 Roland Garros Open, where he lost to world number 43 Radek Štěpánek after winning the first two sets. In the 2015 Roland Garros draw, he faced Andy Murray in the first round, Murray won in straight sets.
14th Arizona State Legislature
The 14th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 1939, to December 31, 1940, during Robert Taylor Jones's first and only term as Governor of Arizona. The number of senators remained constant at 19, while the House increased from 51 to 52 members. The Democrats maintained one hundred percent of the senate seats, while the Republicans continued to have a single seat in the House, one of the two from Navajo County.

1938 Arizona gubernatorial election
The 1938 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1938. Incumbent Governor Rawghlie Clement Stanford declined to run for reelection, with pharmacy and cattle ranch owner Robert Taylor Jones winning the Democratic nomination to succeed Stanford.

Robert Taylor Jones defeated Jerrie W. Lee in the general election, and was sworn into his first and only term as Governor on January 2, 1939, becoming Arizona's sixth Governor.
Paarthurnax
Paarthurnax is an extinct genus of goniopholidid crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous Holly Creek Formation of southwest Arkansas. It was described in 2025 on the basis of a nearly complete skull and named after the fictional dragon of the same name from the video game The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. Phylogenetic analysis places the genus in the family Goniopholididae, closely related to the Late Cretaceous Denazinosuchus. The results of this analysis suggests that members of this group were more widespread throughout Cretaceous North America than had been previously believed. The genus Paarthurnax is monotypic, meaning it only includes a single species: Paarthurnax holliensis.

Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.
Spodnji Razbor
Spodnji Razbor (pronounced [ˈspoːdnji ˈɾaːzbɔɾ], German: Unterrasswald) is a dispersed settlement in the City Municipality of Slovenj Gradec in northern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The entire municipality is now included in the Carinthia Statistical Region.

Urban Municipality of Slovenj Gradec
The Urban Municipality of Slovenj Gradec (pronounced [slɔˈʋeːŋ ˈɡɾaːdəts]; Slovene: Mestna občina Slovenj Gradec) is a municipality in northern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Slovenj Gradec. It is part of the historic Styria region, and since 2005 it has belonged to the NUTS-3 Carinthia Statistical Region.

It is the smallest of the twelve urban municipalities of Slovenia.
Berri Street
Berri Street (officially in French: rue Berri) is a major north–south street located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Berri Street links De la Commune Street in the south and Somerville Street in the north. The street is interrupted between Rosemont Boulevard and Jean Talon Street.

Berri Street has two lanes in either direction from De la Commune Street to Roy Street. It changes to one lane in either direction north of Roy Street. The street runs through two small tunnels, one under Notre-Dame Street and another under Sherbrooke Street. Berri Street has a bicycle lane from De la Commune Street to Sherbrooke Street.

All Montreal Metro stations on the Orange Line between Berri–UQAM and Henri-Bourassa are located under Berri Street. The Grande Bibliothèque is also located on Berri Street, near De Maisonneuve Boulevard.

Notable points of interest are located on Berri Street. The Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site is located on the corner of Berri and Notre-Dame Street.

Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site
The Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site is a historic house museum located in the Old Montreal district, of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It  commemorates the life and accomplishments of Sir George-Étienne Cartier. This reconstitution of the adjoining homes of the Cartier family features the architectural heritage left by the upper middle class of 19th-century Montreal, along with interpretive activities and theatrical performances.

It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1964.
N-Formylmorpholine
N-Formylmorpholine is the organic compound with the formula O(C2H4)2NCHO.  It is the formamide of morpholine (O(C2H4)2NH).  A colorless compound, it is a useful high temperature solvent akin to dimethylformamide. It has been used as a formylating agent.

Morpholine
Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium. For example, treating morpholine with hydrochloric acid generates the salt morpholinium chloride. It is a colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor. The naming of morpholine is attributed to Ludwig Knorr, who incorrectly believed it to be part of the structure of morphine.
Frasera neglecta
Frasera neglecta (syn. Swertia neglecta) is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name pine green gentian.

The plant is endemic to California, where it is known from the Western Transverse Ranges in the Greater Los Angeles region, and the Southern California Coast Ranges.

It grows in chaparral, oak woodlands, and other habitats.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Jack Blatherwick
Jack Morgan Blatherwick (born 4 June 1998) is an English cricketer who plays as a bowler. He made his List A debut for Nottinghamshire in the 2018 Royal London One-Day Cup on 27 May 2018. He made his first-class debut on 16 September 2019, for Nottinghamshire in the 2019 County Championship. Having moved to Lancashire in September 2020, he had a short-term loan spell at Durham in April 2025.

2019 County Championship
The 2019 County Championship, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2019 Specsavers County Championship, was the 120th cricket County Championship season. As in 2018, Division One had eight teams and Division Two had ten teams. The first round of matches began on 5 April and the final round of matches ended on 26 September. Surrey were the defending champions. At the end of the 2019 season only one team was relegated with three promoted. Therefore, from 2020 onwards, Division One would feature ten teams and Division Two would feature eight.
WZBA
WZBA (100.7 FM, "100.7 The Bay") is a commercial radio station licensed to serve Westminster, Maryland. The station is owned by Times-Shamrock Communications and broadcasts a classic rock format. Its studios are in Hunt Valley and its broadcast tower is located near Owings Mills at (39°26′49.9″N 76°46′47.2″W﻿ / ﻿39.447194°N 76.779778°W﻿ / 39.447194; -76.779778).

The station's service contour covers the Baltimore metropolitan area and southern portions of South Central Pennsylvania. The station markets itself as the only station in the Baltimore market dedicated to the classic rock format.

Owings Mills, Maryland
Owings Mills is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is a suburb of Baltimore. Per the 2020 census, the population was 35,674. Owings Mills is home to the northern terminus of the Baltimore Metro Subway, and housed the Owings Mills Mall until its closure in 2015. It is also home to the Baltimore Ravens' headquarters facility, and the studios for Maryland Public Television. In 2008, CNNMoney.com named Owings Mills number 49 of the "100 Best Places to Live and Launch".
Jeże, Łódź Voivodeship
Jeże [ˈjɛʐɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Złoczew, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Sieradz, and 73 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
Keenan Cornelius
Keenan Kai-James Cornelius is an American martial artist. His competitive achievements include what is called the Double Grand Slam in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, having won double gold medals at four major tournaments: the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship, Pan-American Championship, European Open Championship, and Brazilian National Jiu-Jitsu Championship - as a purple belt. He is also known for his creation of guard techniques such as the Worm Guard.

IBJJF Grand Slam
The Grand Slam in Brazilian jiu-jitsu is the achievement of winning all four major IBJJF tournaments in a calendar year. The four Grand Slam tournaments are the World IBJJF Championship, the European IBJJF Championship, Pan IBJJF Championship and the CBJJ Brazilian National Championship. Winning all four tournaments within a single year is widely considered the most prestigious accomplishment in Brazilian jiu-jitsu  competition.
District of Cardiff
The Cardiff district (Welsh: Caerdydd) was one of the two local government districts of South Glamorgan in Wales from 1974 to 1996.

The district comprised the area of the former county borough of Cardiff and several surrounding parishes. Letters patent continuing the city status of the county borough were granted on 1 April 1974. The district was therefore styled the City of Cardiff, governed by Cardiff City Council.

The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972, from the county borough of Cardiff, the parishes of Lisvane, Llanedeyrn, Radyr, St. Fagans and Tongwynlais from the former Cardiff Rural district in the administrative county of Glamorgan and the parish of St Mellons from the Magor and St Mellons Rural District in the administrative county of Monmouthshire.

The district was abolished in 1996 by the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, when it was reconstituted, with the addition of Pentyrch, as the City and County of Cardiff.

Lisvane
Lisvane (Welsh: Llys-faen) is a community in the north of Cardiff, the capital of Wales, located 5 miles (8 km) north of the city centre.  Lisvane is generally considered to be one of the wealthiest residential areas of Wales, with many properties worth in excess of £1 million. Lisvane had 3,319 residents in 2001  and has about 1,700 dwellings, a local village shop, primary school, community cabin library, park, nursery, parish church, public house, war memorial, Scout hall and community or village hall.
Miss Country Soul
Miss Country Soul is a studio album by Australian singer Diana Trask. It was released in February 1969 by Dot Records and consisted of 12 tracks written entirely by American soul artist Joe Tex. The album was marketed as a country recording and reached the top 40 of the US country chart. Of its two singles, "Hold What You've Got" was the only one to chart, making the US country songs chart in 1969. The album itself received positive reviews from Billboard and Cash Box magazines.

Buddy Killen
William Doyce "Buddy" Killen (November 13, 1932  – November 1, 2006) was an American record producer and music publisher, and a former owner of Trinity Broadcasting Network and Tree International Publishing, the largest country music publishing business, before he sold it to CBS Records in 1989. He was also the owner of Killen Music Group, involved with more diverse genres of music, such as pop and rap.
Calcium cycle
The calcium cycle is a transfer of calcium between dissolved and solid phases. There is a continuous supply of calcium ions into waterways from rocks, organisms, and soils. Calcium ions are consumed and removed from aqueous environments as they react to form insoluble structures such as calcium carbonate and calcium silicate, which can deposit to form sediments or the exoskeletons of organisms. Calcium ions can also be utilized biologically, as calcium is essential to biological functions such as the production of bones and teeth or cellular function. The calcium cycle is a common thread between terrestrial, marine, geological, and biological processes. Calcium moves through these different media as it cycles throughout the Earth. The marine calcium cycle is affected by changing atmospheric carbon dioxide due to ocean acidification.

Aragonite
Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the others being calcite and vaterite. It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation from marine and freshwater environments.

The crystal lattice of aragonite differs from that of calcite, resulting in a different crystal shape, an orthorhombic crystal system with acicular crystal. Repeated twinning results in pseudo-hexagonal forms. Aragonite may be columnar or fibrous, occasionally in branching helictitic forms called flos-ferri ("flowers of iron") from their association with the ores at the Carinthian iron mines.
Partula tristis
Partula tristis is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to Ra'iātea, French Polynesia. It is now extinct. It is informally known as the mournful tree snail.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
Paper Shadows
Paper Shadows: A Chinatown Childhood is a memoir written by the Canadian writer Wayson Choy, first published in October 1999 by Viking Press. In the book, the author chronicles his experience growing up as an immigrant in Vancouver's Chinatown in the 1940s and 1950s. Paper Shadows received shortlist honours for the 2000 Vancouver City Book Award and won the 2000 Edna Staebler Award for Creative Non-Fiction.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Veal Milanese
Veal Milanese (Italian: cotoletta alla milanese, pronounced [kotoˈletta alla milaˈneːze, -eːse]) is a popular variety of cotoletta (veal cutlet preparation) from the city of Milan, Italy. It is traditionally prepared with a veal rib chop or sirloin bone-in and made into a breaded cutlet, fried in butter.

Veal
Veal is the meat of  calves, in contrast to the beef from older cattle. Veal can be produced from a calf of either sex and any breed; however, most veal comes from young male calves of dairy breeds which are not used for breeding. Generally, veal is more expensive by mass than beef from older cattle. Veal production is a way to add value to dairy bull calves and to utilize whey solids, a byproduct from the manufacturing of cheese.
The All Is One
The All Is One is a studio album by Norwegian rock band Motorpsycho, released on August 28, 2020, through Stickman Records and Rune Grammofon. This is the third and final installment in the band's Gullvåg Trilogy with the first installment being 2017's The Tower and the second installment being 2019's The Crucible. The album is available as a double vinyl, double CD and digital download.

Rune Grammofon
Rune Grammofon is a Norwegian record label founded in 1998 by Rune Kristoffersen. Rune Grammofon's reputation for lovingly issued experimental electronic music, jazz, and improvised music by Norwegian artists has grown over the years with its artists being featured heavily in magazines such as The Wire and Plan B.

The label is home to the widely respected improvisational group Supersilent as well as the solo work of its members including Deathprod and Arve Henriksen. Other notable releases are by Shining, Susanna and the Magical Orchestra, Jono El Grande, Skyphone, Alog, Phonophani and Food.

In 2000, the label signed a distribution deal with ECM, which increased the label's audience considerably. This deal came to an end early 2005.

In November 2003, the label celebrated its 30th release by issuing a set that included a two-CD compilation and a book that displayed each of Kim Hiorthøy's highly praised digipak designs. An updated second edition of this was released in December 2008.
David Hambrick
David Zachary (Zach) Hambrick is a psychology professor at Michigan State University, known for his research on the effects of practice on proficiency in various skills. Hambrick's research has concluded that practice is important in explaining ability in fields such as chess, music, and academics, but less so than argued by other psychologists, notably K. Anders Ericsson. Hambrick contends that, in addition to amount of practice, working memory capacity is associated with better performance on a wide variety of tasks.

Working memory
Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily. It is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior. Working memory is often used synonymously with short-term memory, but some theorists consider the two forms of memory distinct, assuming that working memory allows for the manipulation of stored information, whereas short-term memory only refers to the short-term storage of information. Working memory is a theoretical concept central to cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroscience.