hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ramona Mănescu
Ramona Nicole Mănescu (born 6 December 1972, Constanţa) is a Romanian politician and lawyer. From 24 July 2019 to 4 November 2019, she served as minister of Foreign Affairs in the Romanian Government. She was a Member of the European Parliament serving 2007 to 2013 and 2014 to 2019 from the National Liberal Party (until July, 2017), active within the European People's Party (European Parliament group). As part of this group she is a member of the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs, vice-chair in the Delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries and a substitute member in the Committee on transport and tourism and in Delegation for relations with the Arab Peninsula.

Mashriq
The Mashriq (/məˈʃriːk/; Arabic: ْاَلْمَشْرِق, romanized: al-Mashriq, lit. 'the east'), also known as the Arab Mashriq (Arabic: اَلْمَشْرِقُ الْعَرَبِيُّ, romanized: al-Mashriq al-ʿArabi, lit. 'the Arab east'), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is the eastern part of the Arab world, as opposed to the Maghreb (western region), located in West Asia and eastern North Africa. It is the Arabic equivalent for the term Middle East. Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa (َشَرَق, "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from the sh-r-q root (ش-ر-ق), referring to the east, where the sun rises.

The region includes the Arab-majority states of Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
Loyd Roberts
Loyd Thomas "Preacher" Roberts (1907 – July 4, 1989) was an American college football and college basketball player and coach. He played football and basketball at Tulane University. Roberts served as the head football coach at Arkansas State Teachers College—now known as the University of Central Arkansas in 1941 and East Tennessee State College—now known as East Tennessee State University—from 1947 to 1951, compiling a career college football coaching record of 26–26–2. He was also the head basketball coach at Arkansas State Teachers in 1941–42, the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in 1946–47, and East Tennessee State in 1947–48, tallying a career college basketball mark of 36–25.

Johnson City, Tennessee
Johnson City is a city in Washington, Carter, and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee, mostly in Washington County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 71,046, making it Tennessee's eighth-most populous city. Johnson City is the principal city of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists of Carter, Unicoi, and Washington Counties and had a population of 207,285 as of 2020. The MSA is also a component of the Tri-Cities region. This CSA is Tennessee's fifth-largest, with a population of 514,899 as of 2020.
420 (dinghy)
The International 420 Dinghy is a sailing dinghy popular for racing and teaching. The hull is fiberglass with internal buoyancy tanks. The 420 has a bermuda rig, spinnaker and trapeze. It has a large sail-area-to-weight ratio, and is designed to plane easily. The 420 is an International class recognised by World Sailing. The name refers to the boat's length of 420 centimetres (4.2 m; 13 ft 9 in).

Bermuda rig
Bermuda rig, Bermudian rig, or Marconi rig is a type of sailing rig that uses a triangular sail set abaft (behind) the mast. It is the typical configuration for most modern sailboats.: 52  Whilst commonly seen in sloop-rigged vessels, Bermuda rig is used in a range of configurations, for instance, a cutter or a schooner (where it may be used in conjunction with gaff rigged sails on other masts), and several other types.

Bermuda rig takes its name from Bermuda, where it was developed in the 17th century. The term Marconi, a reference to the inventor of the radio, Guglielmo Marconi, became associated with this configuration in the early 20th century, because the wires that stabilize the mast of a Bermuda rig reminded observers of the wires on early radio masts.
Dryanovo Municipality
Dryanovo (or Drjanovo) Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Дряново) is a municipality (obshtina) in Gabrovo Province, North-central Bulgaria, located in the area of the so-called Fore-Balkan between Stara planina mountain and the Danubian Plain. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Dryanovo.

The municipality embraces a territory of 248.5 km2 (95.9 sq mi) with a population of 9,587 inhabitants, as of December 2011.

The area is best known with the Dryanovo Monastery, situated close to the main town, and Bacho Kiro Cave.

Dryanovo Monastery
The Dryanovo Monastery (Bulgarian: Дряновски манастир, Dryanovski manastir, [ˈdrʲanofski mɐnɐsˈtir]) is a functioning Bulgarian Orthodox monastery situated in the Andaka River Valley, in Bulgarka Nature Park in the central part of Bulgaria five kilometers away from the town of Dryanovo. It was founded in the 12th century, during the Second Bulgarian Empire, and is dedicated to Archangel Michael. Twice burnt down and pillaged during the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria, the monastery was restored at it present place in 1845. It was the site of several battles during the April Uprising of 1876.
Jiāng (state)
Jiang (Chinese: 江; pinyin: Jiāng), also known as Hong (Chinese: 鴻) during the Shang dynasty or Qiong (Chinese: 邛) in some historical sources, was a vassal state in China that encompasses the southeastern Henan from 1101 BCE to 623 BCE. The nation was ruled by the Ying family (Chinese: 嬴), and the state name is widely believed to be the origin of the Chinese surname Jiang. The swan goose was the totem of the state.

Totem
A totem (from Ojibwe: ᑑᑌᒼ or ᑑᑌᒻ 'doodem') is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage, or tribe, such as in the Anishinaabe clan system.

While the word totem itself is an anglicisation of the Ojibwe term (and both the word and beliefs associated with it are part of the Ojibwe language and culture), belief in tutelary spirits and deities is not limited to the Ojibwe people. Similar concepts, under differing names and with variations in beliefs and practices, may be found in a number of cultures worldwide. The term has also been adopted, and at times redefined, by anthropologists and philosophers of different cultures.

Contemporary neoshamanic, New Age, and mythopoetic men's movements not otherwise involved in the practice of a traditional, tribal religion have been known to use "totem" terminology for the personal identification with a tutelary spirit or spirit guide.
The Savage Land (opera)
The Savage Land (原野 Yuanye) is a 1987 Chinese-language western-style opera by composer Jin Xiang to a libretto by Wan Fang (万方 born 1952) after her own father Cao Yu's 1937 play The Wilderness (also 原野 Yuanye). It was performed at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington in 1992, in 1997 at the Saarländisches Staatstheater in Saarbrücken under the baton of You-Sheng Lin, then again in Vancouver in 1998. Shenzhen Youth Opera presented Jin Xiang's work in 2016.

Cao Yu
Cao Yu (Chinese: 曹禺; Wade–Giles: Tsʻao Yü, September 24, 1910 – December 13, 1996) was a Chinese playwright, often regarded as one of China's most important playwrights of the 20th century. His best-known works are Thunderstorm (1933), Sunrise (1936) and Peking Man (1940). It is largely through the efforts of Cao Yu that the modern Chinese "spoken theatre" took root in 20th century Chinese literature.

Cao Yu was the president of China's Premier Modern Drama Theatre, the chairman of the China Theatre Association (1968–1998) and established the Beijing People's Art Theatre in 1952. Cao Yu is regarded as the paramount playwright of modern Chinese drama, "enthroned as China's Shakespeare" according to The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Drama.
Rob Geringer
Rob Geringer is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the Wyoming House of Representatives for the 42nd district. He graduated from Wheatland High School in Wheatland, Wyoming, in 1991. He graduated from the University of Wyoming with a bachelor's in civil engineering in 1995, and from the University of Colorado with a master's in engineering in 2000. Geringer is a business owner and a former board member of the Cheyenne Housing Authority. He is a Christian.

University of Colorado
The University of Colorado (CU) is a system of public universities in Colorado. It consists of four institutions: the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, the University of Colorado Denver, and the University of Colorado Anschutz. It is governed by an elected nine-member board of regents and led by a system president, currently Todd Saliman.
Luis Argentino Palau
Luis Argentino Palau (September 11, 1896 – February 8, 1971) was an Argentine chess master.

He played for Argentina in three Chess Olympiads.

In 1924 at 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad in Paris (+5 –4 =4);

In 1927 at 1st Chess Olympiad in London (+7 –4 =4);

In 1928 at 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague (+9 –5 =2).

In 1921/22, he tied for 10-12th in Montevideo (Roberto Grau won). In 1925, he won in Montevideo. In 1928, he took 2nd, behind Grau, in Mar del Plata (1st it). In 1934/35, he tied for 3rd-4th in Buenos Aires (Luis Piazzini won).

Palau was awarded the International Master (IM) title in 1965.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Datu Paglas
Datu Paglas, officially the Municipality of Datu Paglas (Maguindanaon: Ingud nu Datu Paglas; Iranun: Inged a Datu Paglas; Tagalog: Bayan ng Datu Paglas), is a municipality in the province of Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,682 people.

Maguindanao del Sur
Maguindanao del Sur, officially the Province of Maguindanao del Sur (Maguindanaon: Dairat nu Salatan Magindanaw, Jawi: دايرت نو سلاتان مڬیندانو, Filipino: Timog Maguindanao), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro region in Mindanao. Its capital is the municipality of Buluan near the city of Tacurong in the neighboring province of Sultan Kudarat. It borders Cotabato province to the east, Maguindanao del Norte to the west, and Sultan Kudarat to the south.
Visa requirements for Algerian citizens
Visa requirements for Algerian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Algeria.

As of 2025, Algerian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 55 countries and territories, ranking the Algerian passport 83rd in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Call the Gun Expert
Call the Gun Expert is a British crime television series which first aired on BBC 1 in 1964. It consisted of a single series of six episodes featuring Wensley Pithey as Robert Churchill, a ballistics expert who solves a number of crimes based on real-life historical cases. Pithey frequently starred in police procedurals, and was well known to audiences for his role as Detective Superintendent Charlesworth. The scripts were written by journalist Macdonald Hastings who also narrated he series.

Other actors who appeared in individual episodes of the series include Petronella Barker, Kenneth Benda, Paddy Joyce, Robert Cawdron, David Swift and Norman Mitchell.

Kenneth Benda
Charles Kenneth Anton Benda (3 June 1902 – 26 July 1978) was an English actor often on television. He appeared in British television series No Hiding Place, The Saint, The Avengers, Z-Cars, The Prisoner, Doctor Who, Doomwatch and films The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes, The Ruling Class, Horror Hospital, The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother, The Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It, International Velvet and others. His stage appearances included small roles at The Old Vic and with Peter Hall's National Theatre company.
Awa Dance Festival
The Awa Dance Festival (阿波踊り, Awa Odori) is held from 12 to 15 August as part of the Obon festival in Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku in Japan. Awa Odori is the largest dance festival in Japan, attracting over 1.3 million tourists every year.

Groups of choreographed dancers and musicians known as ren (連) dance through the streets, typically accompanied by the shamisen lute, taiko drums, shinobue flute and the kane bell. Performers wear traditional obon dance costumes, and chant and sing as they parade through the streets.

Awa is the old feudal administration name for Tokushima Prefecture, and odori means "dance".

Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE. Most of the Japanese Buddhists belong to new schools of Buddhism which were established in the Kamakura period (1185－1333). During the Edo period (1603–1868), Buddhism was controlled by the feudal Shogunate. The Meiji period (1868–1912) saw a strong response against Buddhism, with persecution and a forced separation between Buddhism and Shinto (Shinbutsu bunri).

The largest sects of Japanese Buddhism are Pure Land Buddhism with 22 million believers, followed by Nichiren Buddhism with 10 million believers, Shingon Buddhism with 5.4 million, Zen Buddhism with 5.3 million, Tendai Buddhism with 2.8 million, and only about 700,000 for the six old schools established in the Nara period (710－794).
Outline of Sudan
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sudan:

Sudan – North Eastern African state,  bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. Internally, the river Nile divides the country into eastern and western regions. The population of Sudan is a combination of indigenous African inhabitants and descendants of migrants from the Arabian Peninsula. The overwhelming majority of the population today adhere to Islam.

Telecommunications in Sudan
Telecommunications in Sudan includes fixed and mobile telephones, the Internet, radio, and television. Approximately 12 million out of 45 million people in Sudan use the Internet, mainly on smartphones and mobile computers.
Rogelio Marcelo
Rogelio Marcelo García (born June 11, 1965 in Guantánamo) is a retired boxer from Cuba, who competed in the light flyweight (– 48 kg) division during the early 1990s.

Marcelo lost in 1989 and 1991 at the world championships finals to American winner Eric Griffin but represented his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, where he won the gold medal (Griffin lost to Rafael Lozano 5-6 ). A year earlier, at the Pan Am Games in Havana, Cuba, he had triumphed in the same division.

Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics took place in the old Pavelló Club Joventut Badalona in Barcelona. The boxing schedule began on 26 July and ended on 9 August. Twelve boxing events (all men's individual) were contested, with the participation of 336 athletes from 78 countries.
Alpine Creek
Alpine Creek is a small river in San Mateo County, California.
It flows about 5 miles (8 km), from its source (37°18′21″N 122°11′51″W﻿ / ﻿37.3057°N 122.1974°W﻿ / 37.3057; -122.1974﻿ (Alpine Creek source)) near West Alpine Road about a mile southwest of Skyline Boulevard (CA 35), to its confluence with La Honda Creek to form San Gregorio Creek in La Honda at California State Route 84.

Alpine Creek passes through Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve and Heritage Grove Redwood Preserve.

37°18′36″N 122°16′39″W﻿ / ﻿37.3101°N 122.2776°W﻿ / 37.3101; -122.2776

Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve
Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve is a regional park located in the Santa Cruz Mountains in San Mateo County, California along the San Francisco Peninsula. Its 3,137 acres (1,269 ha) and 10.4 miles (16.7 km) of trails are managed by the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District.
Daniel Orlandi
Daniel Orlandi is an American costume designer for film and television who regularly collaborated with directors Joel Schumacher, Ron Howard and John Lee Hancock.

Born in New Jersey, Orlandi graduated from Carnegie Mellon University and began working Off-Broadway. He relocated to Los Angeles in 1980.

Orlandi won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction, or Reality Programming for his work on a television special for the illusionist David Copperfield. He had received a BAFTA Award nomination for his work on Saving Mr. Banks.

Orlandi resides in Los Angeles, California.

John Lee Hancock
John Lee Hancock Jr. (born December 15, 1956) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for directing the films The Rookie (2002), The Alamo (2004), The Blind Side (2009), Saving Mr. Banks (2013), The Founder (2016), The Highwaymen (2019), The Little Things (2021), and Mr. Harrigan's Phone (2022). He also wrote the screenplay for the film A Perfect World (1993).
Long-nosed mongoose
The long-nosed mongoose (Xenogale naso) is a mongoose native to Central African wetlands and rainforests. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 1996. Although formerly classified in Herpestes, more recent studies indicate that it belongs in the monotypic taxon Xenogale.

Mongoose
A mongoose is a small terrestrial carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Herpestidae. This family has two subfamilies, the Herpestinae and the Mungotinae. The Herpestinae comprises 23 living species that are native to southern Europe, Africa and Asia, whereas the Mungotinae comprises 11 species native to Africa. The Herpestidae originated about 21.8 ± 3.6 million years ago in the Early Miocene and genetically diverged into two main lineages between 19.1 and 18.5 ± 3.5 million years ago. There is a large introduced population on the islands of Hawaii. Mongoose diets are varied but consist of mainly insects, hatchlings, reptiles and birds.
Ethiopia–Somalia border
The Ethiopia–Somalia border stretches 1,500 kilometers. In the 19th century, both Britain and Italy contributed to shaping the modern border, on behalf of their colonies of British, French and Italian Somaliland. The Somali people were thus under British, French, Italian and Ethiopian rule. During World War II, Britain gained control of the Ogaden and Haud territories and returned them to Ethiopia in 1954, but not delimited beyond the provisional line (sometimes labeled on maps as the Provisional Administrative Line). Since 1960 independence, the border has suffered serious skirmishes involving both countries' soldiers. From 1977 to 1978, Ethiopia and Somalia fought in the Ogaden War led by Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam and General Siad Barre respectively. The EPRDF government demarcated the border of Ogaden into Somali Region.
Somalia is located at the base of Ethiopia's protrude southeast region; from the South, it is bounded by Wabi Shebelle and Genale Valley.

French Somaliland
French Somaliland (French: Côte française des Somalis, lit. 'French Coast of the Somalis', CFS; Somali: Xeebta Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska; Arabic: ساحل الصوماليين الفرنسي وتوابعه) was a French colony in the Horn of Africa. It existed between 1884 and 1967, at which point it became the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas. The Republic of Djibouti is its legal successor state.
Russian destroyer Tserigo
Tserigo (Цериго) was one of eight Fidonisy-class destroyers built for the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. She was never completed and was towed to Odessa and Sevastopol after the anti-Bolshevik White evacuation of her shipyard in early 1920. After the White movement abandoned Crimea later that year, the unfinished destroyer was towed to Istanbul and then French North Africa with Wrangel's fleet. After France recognized the Soviet Union in 1924, she was intended to be transferred to Soviet control, but the agreement was never implemented. The destroyer was instead scrapped in place by 1934.

French North Africa
French North Africa (French: Afrique du Nord française; Arabic: شمال إفريقيا الفرنسية) is a term that is often applied to the three territories that were controlled by France in the Maghreb region of North Africa during the colonial era, comprising Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. In contrast to French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa, which existed as federations of French colonies and administrative entities in their own right, French North Africa was never more than a term of convenience to refer to the three separately-governed territories, which had different forms of colonial regime.
Castle Sowerby
Castle Sowerby is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. In 2001 it had a population of 337, increasing to 344 at the 2011 Census, and includes the hamlets of How Hill, Millhouse, Newlands, Sour Nook, Southernby and Sowerby Row.

Located 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Sowerby Row is Thistlewood Farmhouse, consisting of a pele tower probably built in the early 15th century, with 16th century alterations, and an extension built in the late 17th century.

The 12th century and later St Kentigern's Church is Grade II* listed.

Castle Sowerby was one of the manors which formed part of the Honour of Penrith which has been owned at various times by the Neville Earls of Westmorland, the English Crown, the Earls and Dukes of Portland and the Dukes of Devonshire.

It was the birthplace of Reverend William Sowerby, a notable Anglican clergyman who served in Australia.

Duke of Devonshire
Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England, held by the senior branch of the Cavendish family. It was created by William III in 1694 for the 4th Earl of Devonshire in recognition of his support during the Glorious Revolution. Many of the holders of the title have been prominent in British political life over the last three centuries, particularly the 4th Duke, who served briefly as Prime Minister during the Seven Years’ War.
Aurèle Gervais
Aurèle Gervais (February 1, 1933 - December 25, 2021) was a Canadian politician who represented the electoral district of Timmins—Chapleau in the House of Commons of Canada from 1984 to 1988. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

Gervais was defeated in the 1988 election by Cid Samson. He died on December 25, 2021, at the age of 88.

Timmins—Chapleau
Timmins—Chapleau was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1997. It was located in the northeast part of the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Cochrane, Nipissing, Timiskaming and Timmins ridings.

It initially consisted of the northern part of the Territorial District of Sudbury, the eastern part of the Territorial District of Algoma, the Township of Teefy, the City of Timmins and the Town of Iroquois Falls in the Territorial District of Cochrane, and the western part of the Territorial District of Timiskaming.

After 1987, it consisted of parts of the Territorial Districts of Algoma, Cochrane, Sudbury and Timiskaming.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was redistributed between Algoma, Nickel Belt, Timiskaming—Cochrane, and Timmins-James Bay ridings.