hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Red Book of Hergest
The Red Book of Hergest (Welsh: Llyfr Coch Hergest), Oxford, Jesus College, MS 111, is a large vellum manuscript written shortly after 1382, which ranks as one of the most important medieval manuscripts written in the Welsh language. It preserves a collection of Welsh prose and poetry, notably the tales of the Mabinogion and Gogynfeirdd poetry. The manuscript derives its name from the colour of its leather binding and from its association with Hergest Court between the late 15th and early 17th century.

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Sinan Engin
Sinan Engin (born 4 November 1964) is a Turkish former footballer, current pundit and TV Personality. Engin spent most part of his career at Istanbul-based Beşiktaş J.K. where he joined in 1974 at junior level. Engin represented Turkey at U18 and U21 levels.

Turkey national youth football team
The Turkey national youth football team are the national under-20, under-19, under-18, under-17, under-16, under-15 and under-14 football teams of Turkey and are controlled by the Turkish Football Federation. The youth teams of Turkey participate in tournaments sanctioned by both UEFA and FIFA and also participates in world, regional, and local international tournaments.
2018 Launceston Tennis International – Men's doubles
Bradley Mousley and Luke Saville were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Mousley partnered Alex Bolt and successfully defended his title. Saville partnered Matt Reid but lost in the quarterfinals to Max Purcell and Andrew Whittington.

Bolt and Mousley won the title after defeating Sekou Bangoura and Nathan Pasha 7–6(8–6), 6–0 in the final.

Alex Bolt
Alex Bolt (born 5 January 1993) is an Australian professional tennis player. He plays mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour. His career-high rankings by the ATP are world No. 125 in singles and world No. 81 in doubles. Highlights of his career include quarterfinal appearances at the 2014 Australian Open men's doubles and at the 2017 Australian Open with Andrew Whittington and Bradley Mousley respectively.
Don't Stop the Music (Lionel Richie song)
"Don't Stop the Music" is a song by the American singer Lionel Richie. It was written by Richie, Paul Barry and Mark Taylor for his sixth studio album, Renaissance (2000), and produced by Brian Rawling and Taylor. The song was released as the album's second single in late 2000 by Island Def Jam.

Mark Taylor (music producer)
Mark Taylor (born 1970 in Windsor, England) is a British record producer and songwriter. He has worked with artists such as Cher, Tina Turner, Lady Gaga, Nelly Furtado, Lionel Richie, Hall & Oates, Rod Stewart, Belinda Carlisle, Daniel Bedingfield, Ronan Keating, Enrique Iglesias, Britney Spears, James Morrison, Kylie Minogue, Jennifer Lopez. Taylor worked on Cher's 1998 album Believe, with whom he won a Grammy for its title track. The album went on to sell over 20 million copies worldwide. The song "Believe" featured an early example of the vocal effect auto tune.
Spreckels, California
Spreckels is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the Salinas Valley of Monterey County, California, United States. Spreckels is located 3 miles (5 km) south of Salinas, at an elevation of 62 ft (19 m). Its population was 692 at the 2020 census.

Spreckels is one of the best-preserved company towns in the United States. It was built to house workers for the Spreckels Sugar Company plant, which operated there from 1899 until 1982, named after its founder "Sugar King" Claus Spreckels.  When it opened, the Spreckels plant was the world's largest sugar beet factory, each day consuming 13,000,000 US gal (49,000,000 L) of water—with much of it pumped from wells—to process 3,000 short tons (2,700 t) of beets.

Spreckels is associated with the writer John Steinbeck, who lived and worked there for a time, and used it as a setting in his novel Tortilla Flat. Spreckels was used as a location for the 1955 Steinbeck movie East of Eden.

Sugar beet
A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and is grown commercially for sugar production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet (Beta vulgaris). Together with other beet cultivars, such as beetroot and chard, it belongs to the subspecies Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris but is classified as var. saccharifera. Its closest wild relative is the sea beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima).

Sugar beets are grown in climates that are too cold for sugarcane. In 2024, Russia and  Germany were the two largest sugar beet producers contributing to a world total of 294 million tonnes. Sugarcane accounts for most of the rest of sugar produced globally.
Cooper's Falls
Cooper's Falls (or Coopers Falls) is a Dispersed rural community and unincorporated place in geographic Rama Township in the municipality of Ramara, Simcoe County, in Central Ontario, Canada. The community is located at the eponymous Coopers Falls waterfall on the Black River, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the community of Washago on Ontario Highway 11, and is named after Thomas Cooper, the first settler. There are a few families living in Coopers Falls.

Simcoe County
Simcoe County is a county and census division located in the central region of Ontario, Canada. The county is located north of the Greater Toronto Area, and forms the northwestern edge of the Golden Horseshoe. The county seat is located in Midhurst. The cities of Barrie and Orillia are geographically within Simcoe County, but are both politically independent single-tier municipalities.
María Amparo Pascual López
María Amparo Pascual López (born November 29, 1944) is a Cuban pharmacologist, medical doctor and clinical trial expert.

She was the driving force behind the establishment of Cuba's Clinical Trials Coordinating Center (CENCEC), a center for the evaluation of products before their medical practice. She was also named Cuba's first biostatistician and was named one of the 10 most outstanding scientists of Latin America.

Biostatistics
Biostatistics (sometimes referred to as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in the biological sciences, with a focus on clinical medicine and public health applications. 
The field encompasses the design of experiments, the collection and analysis of experimental and observational data, and the interpretation of the results.
It is closely related to medical statistics.
Big Fish & Begonia
Big Fish & Begonia (simplified Chinese: 大鱼海棠; traditional Chinese: 大魚海棠; pinyin: Dàyú Hǎitáng; Wade–Giles: Ta4yü2 Hai3tʻang2; lit. 'The big fish and the Chinese flowering crabapple') is a 2016 Chinese animated epic fantasy film written, produced and directed by Liang Xuan and Zhang Chun. The first animated feature film of B&T Studio collaborating with Studio Mir, it is a joint investment by B&T and Enlight Media. It was released in both 2D and 3D formats in China by Enlight Media on 8 July 2016.

Shout! Studios acquired the North American distribution rights, with a wide release on 6 April 2018 in co-distribution with Funimation Films. Manga Entertainment released the film in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 18 April 2018.

3D film
3D films are motion pictures made to give an illusion of three-dimensional solidity, usually with the help of special glasses worn by viewers. 3D films were prominently featured in the 1950s in American cinema and later experienced a worldwide resurgence in the 1980s and 1990s driven by IMAX high-end theaters and Disney-themed venues. 3D films became increasingly successful throughout the 2000s, peaking with the success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009, after which 3D films again decreased in popularity. Certain directors have also taken more experimental approaches to 3D filmmaking, most notably celebrated auteur Jean-Luc Godard in his film Goodbye to Language.
Chen Liangliang
Chen Liangliang (Chinese: 陈亮亮, born 28 September 1984) is a Chinese goalball player. He won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He was the top scorer in the tournament with 17 goals, and he scored 6 goals in the final against Lithuania.

When he was six years old, he developed blindness after pouring cold well water over his head. He was diagnosed with optic neuropathy. His parents sold everything in the house to cover his medical bills, but he never regained his eyesight. He began to play goalball when he was 15.

Optic neuropathy
Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain.

Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye. A pale disc is characteristic of long-standing optic neuropathy. In many cases, only one eye is affected and a person may not be aware of the loss of color vision until the examiner asks them to cover the healthy eye.

Optic neuropathy is often called optic atrophy, to describe the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve.
Littlejohn Island
Littlejohn Island is an island and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Yarmouth in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population of the CDP was 118 at the 2010 census.

It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The island, Cousins River and Cousins Island are named after Englishman John Cousins (1596–1682), who emigrated from Marlborough, Wiltshire.

Biddeford, Maine
Biddeford (/ˈbɪdɪfərd/ BID-if-ərd) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. It is the principal commercial center of York County. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census. The twin cities of Saco and Biddeford include the resort communities of Biddeford Pool and Fortunes Rocks. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. First visited by Europeans in 1616, it is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Church, the tallest building in Maine.

Biddeford is a principal population center of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Melissa Caulfield
Melissa Caulfield (born 29 May 1988) is a retired Australian rules footballer who played for Fremantle and West Coast in the AFL Women's competition. Caulfield was drafted by Fremantle with their tenth selection and seventy-seventh overall in the 2016 AFL Women's draft. She made her debut in the thirty-two point loss to the Western Bulldogs at VU Whitten Oval in the opening round of the 2017 season. She played the first two matches of the year before missing the round three match against Greater Western Sydney. She returned for the round four match against Adelaide and played every match for the remainder of the year apart from the last round of the season, and finished with five matches. In March 2022, Caulfield retired to focus on work and travel.

2016 AFL Women's draft
The 2016 AFL Women's draft consisted of the various periods when the eight clubs in the AFL Women's competition recruited players prior to the competition's inaugural season in 2017.

Draftees and signings over the period were required to have a minimum age qualification of 18. Prior to the draft itself each club was allowed to sign two marquee players from any state across the country at an increased salary. In addition, they were permitted to sign a number of priority players with existing connections to the club, and up to two rookie players who had not played competitive Australian rules football within the previous three years. All remaining players entered the draft and became eligible to be selected by any team based in their nominated state-based zone.
Gilbert McIlveen
Gilbert McIlveen (17? – 1833) was a Belfast linen draper and founding member of the Society of the United Irishmen, a revolutionary organisation in late 18th century Ireland. He took no part in the rebellion of 1798 and in 1803, in response to rumours of a further republican insurrection, he joined the loyalist yeomanry.

Irish rebellion of 1803
The Irish rebellion of 1803 was an attempt by Irish republicans to seize the seat of the British government in Ireland, Dublin Castle, and trigger a nationwide insurrection. Renewing the struggle of 1798, they were organised under a reconstituted United Irish directorate. Hopes of French aid, of a diversionary rising by radical militants in England, and of Presbyterians in the north-east rallying once more to the cause of a republic were disappointed. The rising in Dublin misfired, and after a series of street skirmishes, the rebels dispersed. Their principal leader, Robert Emmet, was executed; others went into exile.
Rafael Anton Irisarri
Rafael Anton Irisarri is a United States composer, multi-instrumentalist, producer and mastering engineer based in New York. He is predominantly associated with post-minimalist, drone and electronic music. Irisarri is also known for being the main member of electronic music/shoegaze act The Sight Below, and signed to American label Ghostly International.

Pantha du Prince
Hendrik Weber (born 1975 in Bad Wildungen, Germany), better known as Pantha du Prince, Panthel, and Glühen 4 is a German producer, composer and conceptual artist for electro, techno, house, minimal, and noise, affiliated with Dial Records, and Rough Trade Records.
Edison (company)
Edison S.p.A. is an Italian electric utility company headquartered in Milan. The company was established in 1884 and acquired by Electricité de France in 2012. Edison employs more than 5,000 people in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The chairman of the board is Luc Rémont (CEO of EDF) and the chief executive officer is Nicola Monti.

Electric utility
An electric utility, power utility, electric company, or power company is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility) that engages in electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market. Electric utilities are major providers of energy in most countries.

Electric utilities include investor owned, publicly owned, cooperatives, and nationalized entities. They may be engaged in all or only some aspects of the industry. Electricity markets are also considered electric utilities—these entities buy and sell electricity, acting as brokers, but usually do not own or operate generation, transmission, or distribution facilities. Utilities are regulated by local and national authorities.

Electric utilities are facing increasing demands including aging infrastructure, reliability, and regulation.

In 2009, the French company EDF was the world's largest producer of electricity.
Cheyenne Wildcat
Cheyenne Wildcat is a 1944 American Western film directed by Lesley Selander and one of the 23 Republic Pictures Red Ryder features. The film, starring veteran western actor, Wild Bill Elliott as Red Ryder, was based on the comic strip "Red Ryder" created by Fred Harman (1938–1964), and licensed through a special arrangement with Stephen Slesinger. Costarring as Little Beaver, was actor Robert Blake.

Lesley Selander
Lesley Selander (May 26, 1900 – December 5, 1979) was an American film director of Westerns and adventure movies. His career as director, spanning 127 feature films and dozens of TV episodes, lasted from 1936 to 1968. Before that, Selander was assistant director on films such as The Cat and the Fiddle (1934), A Night at the Opera (1935), and Fritz Lang's Fury (1936).

To this day Selander remains one of the most prolific directors of feature Westerns in cinema history, having taken the helm for 107 Westerns between his first directorial feature in 1936 and 1967.  In 1956 he was nominated for the Directors Guild of America award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Television, for his work directing a 1954 episode of Lassie.
Commemorations of Benjamin Banneker
A United States postage stamp and the names of a number of recreational and cultural facilities, schools, streets and other facilities and institutions throughout the United States have commemorated Benjamin Banneker's documented and mythical accomplishments throughout the years since he lived (1731–1806) (see Mythology of Benjamin Banneker). Among such memorializations of this free African American almanac author, surveyor, landowner and farmer who had knowledge of mathematics, astronomy and natural history was a biographical verse that Rita Dove, a future Poet Laureate of the United States, wrote in 1983 while on the faculty of Arizona State University.

Free Negro
In the British colonies in North America and in the United States before the abolition of slavery in 1865 free Negro, free Black, and free Colored described the legal status of African Americans who were not enslaved. The term was applied both to formerly enslaved people (freedmen) and to those who had been born free (free people of color), whether of African or mixed descent.
Economy of North Macedonia
The economy of North Macedonia is a developing transition economy. Since its 1991 independence movement, the Macedonian economy liberalized, with highly accommodative foreign policy. Its economic growth was severely curbed during the 1990s after the United Nations heavily sanctioned Yugoslavia and Greece independently sanctioned North Macedonia. The economy stabilized through remittances and foreign aid, with positive growth until 2001. Successful privatization boosted regional integration during the 2000s. North Macedonia is self-sufficient in meeting basic food needs but is dependent on imports for nearly all energy and modern infrastructure.

1991 Macedonian independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 8 September 1991, which afterwards proclaimed independence from Yugoslavia. The referendum question read: "Are you for a sovereign and independent state of Macedonia, with a right to enter into any future alliance with the sovereign states of Yugoslavia?" It was approved by 96% of voters, with a turnout of 76%; most ethnic Albanians in the country boycotted the referendum over the latter half of the referendum question. 8 September is celebrated as Independence Day in North Macedonia (formerly just Macedonia).
Tingle Creek Chase
The Tingle Creek Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of about 1 mile 7½ furlongs (1 mile 7 furlongs and 99 yards, or 3,108 metres), and during its running there are thirteen fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year in early December.

The event was first run in 1969 as the Benson & Hedges Gold Cup before being renamed the Mecca Bookmakers' Handicap Chase and then the Tingle Creek Handicap Chase in 1979, in honour of Tingle Creek, a popular National Hunt racehorse in the 1970s. Tingle Creek had a particularly good record in races at Sandown Park, winning the Sandown Park Pattern Handicap Chase three times amongst his 23 wins over obstacles in Britain and, in 1973, taking the race eventually named after him. The Tingle Creek Chase has been a Grade I race since 1994. Prior to 1994 it was run as a handicap race.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Lymphad
A lymphad  or galley is a charge used primarily in Scottish heraldry. It is a single-masted ship propelled by oars.  In addition to the mast and oars, the lymphad has three flags and a basket. The word comes from the Scottish Gaelic long fhada, meaning a long ship or birlinn. It usually indicates a title associated with islands, such as Lord of the Isles, specifically those on the west coast of Scotland, including the Hebrides – but is not limited to Scottish arms: prominent examples including the coats of arms of New Zealand and New Brunswick.

Although the drawing of the lymphad for heraldic design purposes naturally became standardized, there are minor differences. These usually involve the position of the sails and oars and the tincture of the flags. There are other variations as well, such as the tincture of the ship. Additionally, the basket may be afire and a crew may be depicted.

Coat of arms of New Zealand
The coat of arms of New Zealand (Māori: Te Tohu Pakanga o Aotearoa) is the heraldic symbol representing the South Pacific island country of New Zealand. Its design reflects New Zealand's history as a bicultural nation, with Zealandia, a European female figure on one side and a Māori rangatira (chief) on the other. The symbols on the central shield represent New Zealand's trade, agriculture and industry, and a Crown represents New Zealand's status as a constitutional monarchy.

The arms were granted by warrant of King George V on 26 August 1911, and modified by Queen Elizabeth II in 1956. While the use of the coat of arms is restricted to the New Zealand Government, the symbol enjoys wide use on state decorations; it appears on the uniform of the police and is on the cover of the national passport.
Howard Kirshbaum
Howard M. Kirshbaum (born September 19, 1938) was an associate justice of the Colorado Supreme Court from 1983 to 1997.

He received an undergraduate degree from Yale College, and law degree from Harvard Law School in 1965. While at Harvard Law School, he clerked for William Edward Doyle, who was then a judge of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado.

In 1975, he was appointed to the Denver District Court and in 1980 he was appointed to the Colorado Court of Appeals by Governor Richard Lamm. Lamm elevated Kirshbaum to the state supreme court in 1983.

After leaving the court, Kirshbaum became an arbitrator with the Denver-based Judicial Arbiter Group Inc.

Colorado Court of Appeals
The Colorado Court of Appeals (Colo. App.) is the intermediate-level appellate court for the state of Colorado.  It was initially established by statute in 1891 and was reestablished in its current form in 1970  by the Colorado General Assembly under Article VI, Section 1 of the Constitution of Colorado.

The Colorado Court of Appeals was first abolished in 1905, then reinstated in 1913, and abolished again in 1917. It has held its modern jurisdiction since 1970.