hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adolf Osterwalder
Adolf Osterwalder (11 March 1872, in Kümmertshausen – 14 March 1961, in Wädenswil) was a Swiss zymologist and wine bacteriologist.

He studied natural sciences at Lausanne and Zürich, receiving his doctorate in 1898 with the dissertation Beiträge zur Embryologie von Aconitum Napellus L ("Contributions to the embryology of Aconitum napellus"). After graduation, he worked as an assistant plant pathologist and fermentation physiologist under Hermann Müller-Thurgau at the experimental institute in Wädenswil. In 1917 he attained the post of deputy director.

In 1903, he became a member of the Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. Many of his scientific papers were published in the Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie and the Landwirtschaftliches Jahrbuch der Schweiz.

Fermentation theory
In biochemistry, fermentation theory refers to the historical study of models of natural fermentation processes, especially alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. Notable contributors to the theory include Justus Von Liebig and Louis Pasteur, the latter of whom developed a purely microbial basis for the fermentation process based on his experiments. Pasteur's work on fermentation later led to his development of the germ theory of disease, which put the concept of spontaneous generation to rest. Although the fermentation process had been used extensively throughout history prior to the origin of Pasteur's prevailing theories, the underlying biological and chemical processes were not fully understood. In the contemporary, fermentation is used in the production of various alcoholic beverages, foodstuffs, and medications.
Lincoln City, Indiana
Lincoln City is an unincorporated community in Carter Township, Spencer County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Indiana.  It lies five minutes south of Interstate 64, northeast of Evansville, and approximately twenty miles north of the Ohio River.

Interstate 64
Interstate 64 (I-64) is an east–west Interstate Highway in the Eastern United States. Its western terminus is at I-70, U.S. Route 40 (US 40), and US 61 in Wentzville, Missouri. Its eastern terminus is at the Bowers Hill Interchange with I-264 and I-664 at Bower's Hill in Chesapeake, Virginia. I-64 connects Greater St. Louis, the Louisville metropolitan area, the Lexington–Fayette metropolitan area, the Charleston, WV metropolitan area, the Greater Richmond Region, and Hampton Roads.
Glebe Road Line
The Glebe Road Line, designated Route A70, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Tysons Corner Center or Ballston station of the Orange and Silver lines of the Washington Metro and Potomac Yard station of the Yellow and Blue lines of the Washington Metro.

The A70 line trips are roughly 15–60 minutes during the weekdays, and 20–60 minutes during the weekends. This line provides service from Tysons in Fairfax County to Ballston in Arlington County and Potomac Yard in the City of Alexandria. The full route from Potomac Yard to Tysons takes roughly 60 minutes to complete, while short trips from Potomac Yard to Ballston takes roughly 30 minutes to complete.

Ballston, Virginia
Ballston is a neighborhood in Arlington County, Virginia. Ballston is located at the western end of the Rosslyn-Ballston corridor. It is a major transportation hub and has one of the nation's highest concentrations of scientific research institutes and research and development agencies, including  DARPA, the Office of Naval Research, the Advanced Research Institute of Virginia Tech, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and engineering, management, and public sector consulting firms. Ballston includes a section known as Virginia Square and sometimes the area is collectively known as Ballston-Virginia Square.

Ballston proper is served by the Ballston–MU station, and the Virginia Square section of Ballston is served by the Virginia Square-GMU station, both of which are on the Orange and Silver Lines of the Washington Metro. By some measures, Ballston is the densest neighborhood in the Washington metropolitan area.
Largo das Dores
Largo das Dores or Dores Square is a square in Póvoa de Varzim city center in Portugal. Part of the earliest old town (Vila Velha) of Póvoa de Varzim, this area is listed by City Hall as heritage site. With about 11.000 square meters, its most noticeable features are its two churches, located in the sites of ancient chapels, one of which was the main church of the city.

Old town
In a city or town, the old town is its historic or original core. Although the city is usually larger in its present form, many cities have redesignated this part of the city to commemorate its origins. In some cases, newer developments on the periphery of the original settlement may have become the town's principal commercial and/or residential hub, leaving the historic "old town" as a secondary focus. There are many places throughout the world referred to as the old town (sometimes construed as a proper noun and capitalized). This is a list of some famous old towns:
2001–02 Liga Leumit
The 2001–02 Liga Leumit season saw Hapoel Kfar Saba and Bnei Yehuda promoted to the Israeli Premier League. Hapoel Beit She'an were relegated to Liga Artzit alongside Hakoah Ramat Gan, who, despite finishing seventh, were demoted due to their financial problems, reprieving 11th-placed Tzafririm Holon. Lior Asulin of Maccabi Herzliya was the league's top scorer with 28 goals.

Liga Leumit
The Israeli Liga Leumit (Hebrew: הליגה הלאומית, HaLiga HaLeumit, lit. 'National League') is the second division of the professional Israeli association football (soccer) league system. This second-tier league is placed directly below the Israeli Premier League.
Pocket (Ai Otsuka song)
"Pocket" is Ai Otsuka's 16th (17th overall) single released under the avex trax label. It is her third (fourth) single to be released in 2007. This is her first single to be released after her fourth album, approximately two months after Love Piece. This is Otsuka's first original single since her debut single "Momo no hanabira", which sold 44,822 copies, to sell less than 100,000 copies.

Love Piece
Love Piece is Ai Otsuka's fourth album. It was released in two formats: CD Only and CD + DVD.
The first press of the CD+DVD version includes a special music video of the song U-Boat from Otsuka's LOVE COOK album, while the first press of the CD Only version includes a 40-page original photo-book.
The first press of both versions also includes a box three times the size of a regular CD, with a coloured case in one of six colours (blue, green, black, yellow, purple or pink).

Five singles were released before the album: "Frienger", "Yumekui", "Renai Shashin", Chu-Lip", and double A-Side "Peach / Heart".
Naktala High School
Naktala High School  is a boys' school located in Naktala, Kolkata, India. The school is affiliated with the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education for Madhyamik Pariksha (10th Board exams), and with the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education for Higher Secondary Examination (12th Board exams). The school was established in 1951.

Madhyamik Pariksha
Madhyamik Pariksha or simply Madhyamik is a centralized examination conducted by the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education in West Bengal, India, at the end of the 10th year of school education. Similarly, one examination is also conducted at the state of Tripura for its students studying in Govt or Govt Aided school under the control of Tripura Board of Secondary Education. By count of examinees, it is among the better-known 10th standard examinations in India. In WBSE, over 600,000 students took the exam in 2000, and the number has increased substantially since then. The number of students reached a record 1 million in the 2011 Madhyamik examination. Compulsory subjects are first language, second language, physical science (combined with physics and chemistry), life science, mathematics, history and geography.
Salvador Oliva i Llinàs
Salvador Oliva i Llinàs (1942-12-06, Banyoles, Pla de l'Estany) is a translator, poet, and retired university professor. He received a licentiate in romance philology and a doctorate in Catalan philology from the University of Barcelona. He was a professor at the University of Girona for forty years until, in 2013, he retired as the Chair of Catalan Philology.

In addition to the complete dramatic and poetic work of William Shakespeare, which he began when creating subtitles for BBC broadcasts, he has translated into Catalan work by W. H. Auden, Dylan Thomas, Oscar Wilde, R. L. Stevenson, Washington Irving and Jean-Claude Grumberg and Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland.

University of Girona
The University of Girona (Catalan: Universitat de Girona, UdG (IPA: [uniβəɾsiˈtad də ʒiˈɾonə]); Spanish: Universidad de Girona, UdG;) is located in the city of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.

Its real origin dates back to its creation in 1446, but it was reestablished as a new university in 1991. As of 2021, it consists of several campus and buildings across Girona: Montilivi, Barri Vell, Centre, and Parc Científic i Tecnològic. A fifth campus, Campus de Ciències de la Salut, was proposed some time ago. Since its founding, the university has had five presidents (Catalan: rectors): Josep Maria Nadal i Farreras, from 1991 to 2002, Joan Batlle i Grabulosa from 2002 to 2005, Anna Maria Geli from 2005 to 2013, Sergi Bonet Marull from 2013 to 2017 and Joaquim Salvi since 2017 (still in office).
Kondwani Nankhumwa
Kondwani Nankhumwa (born July 3, 1978) is a Malawian politician who served as the Minister of Local Government in the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) government led by President Peter Mutharika. In July 2018, he was elected the vice president of the DPP for the southern region of Malawi, assuming this position after the dismissal of George Chaponda for his alleged involvement in a corruption scandal known as "Maize-gate"..

Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi)
The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) is a political party in Malawi. It was formed in February 2005 by then-President of Malawi Bingu wa Mutharika after a dispute with his party, the United Democratic Front (UDF), which was led by him in the 2004 general election and chaired by his predecessor, Bakili Muluzi.
Β-Homoleucine
β-Homoleucine, also known as 3-amino-5-methylhexanoic acid, belongs to a class of unusual amino acids known as β-homo amino acids or beta amino acids. The more common α-analogues of these amino acids are present in greater quantities and make up most polypeptides in a cell.  β-Amino acids, however, can also be found in nature and bound to polypeptides, although at a reduced frequency. β-Homoleucine can exists as either of two enantiomers, D-β-homoleucine and L-β-homoleucine, with L-β-homoleucine being the more common isomer.  β-Homoleucine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the amino acid.

Hydrochloride
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
Nenad Zečević
Nenad Zečević (Serbian Cyrillic: Ненад Зeчeвић, born 7 March 1978) is a Serbian retired footballer.

Born in Novi Sad, SR Serbia, he had played with local club FK Kabel before playing with FK Vojvodina and FK Hajduk Kula in the First League of FR Yugoslavia between 1998 and 2001.  He would have a spell with FK Veternik in the Second League of FR Yugoslavia before moving to Bosnia in 2002 where he played for almost a decade in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina with FK Rudar Ugljevik, FK Sarajevo, NK Čelik Zenica, FK Radnik Bijeljina, FK Leotar and FK Drina Zvornik.  The exception was the season 2006–07 when he played with Polish side Widzew Łódź in the Ekstraklasa.  During the winter break of the 2011–12 season, after having spent exactly a decade abroad, he returned to Serbia and joined third level side FK Sloga Temerin, playing in the Serbian League Vojvodina.

FK Rudar Ugljevik
FK Rudar Ugljevik (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Рудар Угљевик) is a football club from the town of Ugljevik, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The club played in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 2004–05 season. However, they were relegated to the First League of the Republika Srpska at the end of the season.
Culture park
Culture park (Polish: park kulturowy), in Poland, is a designation in the heritage register for cultural landscape-level objects of cultural heritage in Poland.

As of 2019, the National Heritage Board of Poland listed 38 culture parks. (The list is indecisive, because local communes have no obligation to report the establishment of cultural parks.)

National Institute of Cultural Heritage
The National Institute of Cultural Heritage of Poland (Polish: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa NID) is a Polish governmental institution responsible for documenting cultural property and the intangible cultural heritage, as well as for  supporting and coordinating their protection.
Cephem
Cephems are a sub-group of β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins and cephamycins. It is one of the more common 4-membered ring Heterocyclic compounds in the clinic. Produced by actinomycetes, cephamycins were found to display antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including those resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins. The antimicrobial properties of cephem include the attachment to certain penicillin-binding proteins that are involved in the production of cell walls of bacteria.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Sheikhsar
Sheikhsar  (formally known as Sukhchainpura) is a village in Lunkaransar tehsil of Bikaner district in Rajasthan, India. It is situated on the north-east border of the district adjoining Churu and Hanumangarh district boundaries. The village has a population of 5820 out of them are Scheduled Caste(SC) 1182 and Scheduled Tribe(ST)  4.

Hanumangarh
Hanumangarh is a city and municipal council in the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated on the banks of the river Ghaggar, located about 400 km from Delhi. Hanumangarh is the administrative headquarter of Hanumangarh District. The city was once called Bhatner (alternatively spelled Bhatnair) because it was founded by king Bhupat in 255 AD. It remained in the control of the Rajputs of Bhati clan and faced a historic siege by Timur in 1391, during which the Bhati Raput king Dulachand lost the fort for a short time. The fort was later occupied by Rao Jetsa of Bikaner.
Frank Stranahan
Frank Richard Stranahan (August 5, 1922 – June 23, 2013) was an American sportsman. He had significant success in both amateur and professional golf. He was ranked number one in his weight class in powerlifting, from 1945 to 1954, and he became known on the golf course and off as the "Toledo strongman" long before the modern game of golf and fitness. After he retired from tournament golf in the early 1960s, he became a prolific long-distance runner, competing in 102 marathons.

North and South Men's Amateur Golf Championship
The North and South Men's Amateur Golf Championship, commonly known as the North and South Amateur, is an annual golf tournament held since 1901 at the Pinehurst Resort in Pinehurst, North Carolina, US. An invitational tournament, participants are chosen based upon their performance in national amateur championships and overall competitive record.
Tad Murty
Tad S. Murty (1937 – 2018) was an Indian-Canadian oceanographer and expert on tsunamis.  He was the former president of the Tsunami Society. He was an adjunct professor in the departments of Civil Engineering and Earth Sciences at the University of Ottawa. Murty had a PhD degree in oceanography and meteorology from the University of Chicago.
He was co-editor of the journal Natural Hazards with Tom Beer of CSIRO and Vladimir Schenk of the Czech Republic.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Ervand Abrahamian
Ervand Abrahamian (Persian: یرواند آبراهامیان; Armenian: Երուանդ Աբրահամեան; born 1940) is an Iranian-American historian of the Middle East. He is a Distinguished Professor of History at Baruch College and at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. His work deals with political repression in the Islamic Republic of Iran as well as Iranian politics.

Fred Halliday
Simon Frederick Peter Halliday FBA (22 February 1946 – 26 April 2010) was an Irish writer and academic specialising in international relations and the Middle East, with particular reference to the Cold War, Iran, and the Arabian Peninsula.
2021 Elle Spirit Open – Doubles
Xenia Knoll and Mandy Minella were the defending champions but Minella chose not to participate. Knoll partnered alongside Susan Bandecchi, but lost in the first round to Karola Bejenaru and Elizabeth Halbauer.

Estelle Cascino and Camilla Rosatello won the title, defeating Conny Perrin and Eden Silva in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–4.

Camilla Rosatello
Camilla Rosatello (born 28 May 1995) is an Italian tennis player.

She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 225, achieved on 7 August 2017 and peaked at No. 72 in doubles on 27 May 2024. Rosatello has won two doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour along with one singles and 38 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, she had a career-high combined ranking of No. 30, achieved in January 2013.

Rosatello has represented Italy in Fed Cup competition, where she has a win–loss record of 0–1 (as of March 2024).
Walshia miscecolorella
Walshia miscecolorella, the sweetclover root borer moth, is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Vactor Tousey Chambers in 1875. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from southern Canada south to Florida and Texas.

The wingspan is about 9.4-18.6 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing year round.

The larvae feed on Lupinus arboreus, Lupinus chamissonis, Astragalus, Arachis, Melilotus and Cirsium vulgare.

Melilotus
Melilotus, known as melilot or sweet clover is a genus of legumes in the family Fabaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and Africa. The genus is closely related to Trifolium (clovers). Several species are common grassland plants and weeds of cultivated ground, and some species are now found worldwide as naturalised plants.

The scientific and English names both derive from Greek melílōtos from méli (honey), and lōtos (lotus), via Latin melilōtos and Old French mélilot. The alternative name "sweet clover" varies in orthography, also cited as sweet-clover and sweetclover. Other names include "kumoniga", from the Cumans.
The Trip (Lætitia Sadier album)
The Trip is the debut solo album by French indie musician Lætitia Sadier, known as member of Stereolab and her side project Monade. The album was recorded in 2010 and was released in September of the same year.

Beside nine original compositions by Sadier, the record contains three covers: "By the Sea", originally performed by Wendy and Bonnie, "Un Soir, Un Chien", written by Fred Chichin and Catherine Ringer of Les Rita Mitsouko and the standard "Summertime", composed by George Gershwin and DuBose Heyward.

The record is dedicated to Sadier's sister Noelle, who had committed suicide a short time before the album's recording.

The album was received well by critics, earning an 8.2 out of 10 rating by Pitchfork Media and a 3.5 out of 5 rating by Allmusic.

Monade
Monade were a French post-rock band which was initially a side project of Lætitia Sadier, a founding member of Stereolab. In 2009, Sadier retired the project name and began performing under her own name.
Asociación de Guías Scouts Dominicanas
The Asociación de Guías Scouts Dominicanas (AGSD; Dominican Girl Guide Association) is the national Guiding organization of the Dominican Republic. It serves 588 members (as of 2003). Founded in 1961, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1969.  The Dominican Republic Girl scout uniforms are the same as the United States uniforms.

The Guide Motto is Siempre lista, Be prepared.

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.
Hacı Zeynalabdin
Hacı Zeynalabdin (also, Hacı Zeynalabdin Tağiyev, Nasoslu, Nasosnaya, Nasosnyy, and Nassosny) is a village and municipality in Sumqayit, Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 20,929.  The place was named after Zeynalabdin Taghiyev.

Zeynalabdin Taghiyev
Hajji Mirza Zeynalabdin Taghi oghlu Taghiyev (Azerbaijani: Mirzə Zeynalabdin Tağı oğlu Tağıyev; Russian: Тагиев, Гаджи Зейналабдин) (b. 25 January 1821, 1823, or 1838, d. 1 September 1924) was an Azerbaijani national industrial magnate and philanthropist.
Mogambo (horse)
Mogambo (foaled 1983 in Kentucky) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse whose wins included a nine-length victory in the Grade I Champagne Stakes at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. Bred and raced by Peter M. Brant, Mogambo was sired by the outstanding Champion stallion, Mr. Prospector. His dam was Lakeville Miss, the American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly of 1977.

Trained by National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame inductee LeRoy Jolley, Mogambo retired having won four of his nineteen starts with earnings of $958,176.

Peter Brant
Peter Mark Brant  (born March 1, 1947) is an American industrialist and art collector. He was also a magazine publisher until 2018 and a film producer and polo player. He is married to model Stephanie Seymour.
Betty Murphy
Betty Murphy is an American television and film actress.

Murphy has appeared in five films which include Attack on Terror: The FBI vs. the Ku Klux Klan, 1918, Urban Cowboy, Alone and Life.

Murphy's television work includes guest spots on America's Most Wanted, Everybody Loves Raymond, Criminal Minds, Six Feet Under, Becker, and more recently in a recurring role as the "cat lady" neighbor, Alberta Fromme on Desperate Housewives.

Urban Cowboy
Urban Cowboy is a 1980 American romantic Western film directed by James Bridges. The plot concerns the love-hate relationship between Buford "Bud" Davis (John Travolta) and Sissy (Debra Winger). The film's success was credited for spurring a mainstream revival of country music. Much of the action revolves around activities at Gilley's Club, a football-field-sized honky tonk in Pasadena, Texas.