hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transition system
In theoretical computer science, a transition system is a concept used in the study of computation . It is used to describe the potential behavior of discrete systems.  It consists of states and transitions between states, which may be labeled with labels chosen from a set; the same label may appear on more than one transition. If the label set is a singleton, the system is essentially unlabeled, and a simpler definition that omits the labels is possible.

Transition systems coincide mathematically with abstract rewriting systems (as explained further in this article) and directed graphs. They differ from finite-state automata in several ways:

The set of states is not necessarily finite, or even countable.

The set of transitions is not necessarily finite, or even countable.

No "start" state or "final" states are given.

Transition systems can be represented as directed graphs.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Castle of Vidigueira
The Castle of Vidigueira is a castle in the civil parish of Vidigueira in the municipality of Vidigueira in the Portuguese subregion of Baixo Alentejo. Although constructed in the first half of the 15th century, it is more commonly associated with the first of the Counts of Vidigueira: Vasco da Gama.

Vidigueira
Vidigueira (European Portuguese: [vi.ðiˈɣɜj.ɾɐ] ⓘ, locally [vi.diˈɡe.ɾɐ]), officially the Town of Vidigueira (Portuguese: Vila da Vidigueira), is a town and a municipality in the District of Beja in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,932, in an area of 316.61 km2.

The present Mayor is Manuel Rosa Narra, elected by the Unitary Democratic Coalition. The municipal holiday is Ascension Day. The archaeological site of the Roman Ruins of Villa Áulica and Convent of São Cucufate are situated near Vidigueira.
Haeju Chongnyon station
Haeju Ch'ŏngnyŏn station (Korean: 해주청년) is the central railway station of Haeju City, South Hwanghae Province, North Korea. Haeju Ch'ŏngnyŏn station is the terminus of Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line and the origin station of Ongjin Line.

Haeju
Haeju (Korean pronunciation: [hɛ.dzu]) is a city located in South Hwanghae Province near Haeju Bay in North Korea. It is the administrative centre of South Hwanghae Province. As of 2008, the population of the city is estimated to be 273,300. At the beginning of the 20th century, it became a strategic port in Sino-Korean trade. Haeju has chemical-related enterprises and a cement factory.
Gmina Jabłoń
Gmina Jabłoń is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Jabłoń, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Parczew and 63 km (39 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 110.98 square kilometres (42.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,177 (3,928 in 2014).

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
2005 Minnesota Lynx season
The 2005 Minnesota Lynx season was the 7th season for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the third season under head coach Suzie McConnell Serio.

The season tipped-off on Sunday, May 22, 2005, in Houston against the Houston Comets. The Lynx missed the playoffs for the first time since 2002. It also marked the final season for original franchise superstar Katie Smith, as she was traded to the Detroit Shock during the season.

2005 Houston Comets season
The 2005 WNBA season was the ninth season for the Houston Comets. The Comets knocked off defending champion Seattle Storm in the first round, but they were unable to get past the eventual champion Sacramento Monarchs in the conference finals.
Baranof River
Baranof River is a glacially-fed river on the eastern side of Baranof Island, in the Alexander Archipelago, in the Alaska Panhandle. The source of the river is the unnamed icefields surrounding Peak 5390. Baranof River feeds into Baranof Lake, and the outlet of Baranof Lake that feeds into Warm Springs Bay is also commonly referred to as Baranof River as well.

The maximum discharge measured, taken at the outflow of Baranof Lake, is 4,170 cu ft/s (118 m3/s), recorded in September 1922.

Baranof River was named for Alexandr Baranov, the first governor of the Russian-American Company.

Baranof Island
Baranof Island is an island in the northern Alexander Archipelago in the Alaska Panhandle, in Alaska. The name "Baranof" was given to the island in 1805 by Imperial Russian Navy captain U. F. Lisianski in honor of Alexander Andreyevich Baranov.  It is called Shee in Tlingit.  It is the smallest of the ABC islands of Alaska. The indigenous group native to the island, the Tlingit, named the island Shee Atika. Baranof island is home to a diverse ecosystem, which made it a prime location for the fur trading company, the Russian American Company. The Russian occupation of Baranof Island impacted not only the indigenous population and the ecology of the island, but also led to the United States' current ownership over the land.
Thomas Lewis Gilmer
Thomas Lewis Gilmer (1849–1931) was an American oral surgeon who was the founder of Northwestern University Dental School and Institute of Medicine in Chicago. Gilmer made several contributions in oral surgery, such as the Gilmer splint and Gilmer wiring, which are named after him.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a surgical speciality focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the mouth, head and neck, and jaws, as well as facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery and rhinoplasty.
Rey de Reyes (1999)
The Rey de Reyes 1999 (Spanish for "King of Kings") was the third annual Rey de Reyes professional wrestling tournament and show, produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion AAA. The event took place on March 7, 1999 in the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos arena in Naucalpan, Mexico State, Mexico. The Rey de Reyes tournament consisted of a semi-final round of four four-man elimination matches and a final match with the winners of each of the semi-finals facing off in an elimination match until one man remained. The final of the 1999 Rey de Reyes tournament pitted Cibernético, Octagón, Latin Lover and Electroshock against each other. Besides the five tournament matches the show featured an additional four matches including a match for the Mexican National Atómicos Championship between Los Vatos Locos and Los Vipers and a Lucha de Apuesta match between three men who all risked their hair, Perro Aguayo, Sangre Chicana and El Cobarde.

Latin Lover (wrestler)
Victor Manuel Resendiz Ruiz (born October 25, 1967) is a Mexican professional wrestler and actor. He is best known under his ring name Latin Lover, under which he is also credited in his acting career. Resendiz is best known for wrestling in the Mexican AAA promotion, but has also worked for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), the Perros del Mal and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) promotions under the ring name Latino. Resendiz and his partner Mariana Vallejo Isrrade won the first Bailando por un Sueño dance competition in 2005.
Lelusin
Lelusin [lɛˈluɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chęciny, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Chęciny and 19 km (12 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Sangay
Sangay (also known as Macas, Sanagay, or Sangai) is an active stratovolcano in central Ecuador. It exhibits mostly strombolian activity. Geologically, Sangay marks the southern boundary of the Northern Volcanic Zone, and its position straddling two major pieces of crust accounts for its high level of activity. Sangay's approximately 500,000-year-old history is one of instability; two previous versions of the mountain were destroyed in massive flank collapses, evidence of which still litters its surroundings today.

Due to its remoteness, Sangay hosts a significant biological community with fauna such as the mountain tapir, giant otter, Andean cock-of-the-rock and king vulture. Since 1979, its ecological community has been protected as part of the Sangay National Park. Although climbing the mountain is hampered by its remoteness, poor weather conditions, river flooding, and the danger of falling ejecta, the volcano is regularly climbed, a feat first achieved by Robert T. Moore in 1929.

Crust (geology)
In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be defined based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).

The crusts of Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, the Moon and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.

Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts. Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust. These two types have different chemical compositions and physical properties and were formed by different geological processes.
Oxford Portraits in Science
Oxford Portraits in Science is a collection of biographies of famous scientists for young adults edited by the Harvard University astronomer Owen Gingerich.
Each book portrays the life and personality of an eminent scientist, and the thought processes by which they made their discoveries.

The series is notable as an example of the Sobel effect - an interest in popular accounts of scientific history and biography, stimulated by the success of the book Longitude written by journalist Dava Sobel.  Some works in this series have also been written by science journalists as well as scientists and science historians.

Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations.

Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically.
Dennison, Arizona
Dennison was a stop on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway between Canyon Diablo, and Winslow, Arizona, United States, in Coconino County. Formerly in Yavapai County, it came to be in Coconino County upon the latter's creation in 1891. Dennison was named for a railroad roadmaster named Denny.

It has an estimated elevation of 5,013 feet (1,528 m) above sea level. A short distance west of Dennison siding, the Kaibab Limestone that is predominant in the western part of the state first rises above the limestone Moenkopi Formation found to the east.

In 1910, the railroad was double-tracked from Winslow, Arizona, to a point two miles west of Dennison.

By 1972, Dennison was only a phone station on the railroad line. At that time, the name had fallen out of public use, and local landowners successfully petitioned the county to change the name of Dennison Road, exit 239 on Interstate 40, to Red Gap Ranch Road and Meteor City Road.

Canyon Diablo, Arizona
Canyon Diablo is a ghost town in Coconino County, Arizona, United States, on the edge of the arroyo Canyon Diablo.  The community was settled in 1880 to supply workers building a transcontinental railroad and died out in the early 20th century. The town, which is about 12 mi (19 km) northwest of Meteor Crater, was at the time the closest post office to the crater when a meteorite fragment was studied and named in 1891.
2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election
The Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election of October 2018 was for the election of the Governor and Vice Governor of Rio de Janeiro and 70 State Deputies. People also voted for 2 of 3 Senators of the state representation in the Federal legislative power, with 45 federal deputies representatives of the Rio de Janeiro State. A second round was held after no candidate managed to secure more than 50% of the Governor votes.

The previous gubernatorial election in the state was held in October 2014. Supported by the Brazilian Democratic Movement, Luiz Fernando Pezão was re-elected in second round with 55.78% of the votes, against 44.22% of Marcelo Crivella.

In the second round runoff, Wilson Witzel was elected Governor of Rio de Janeiro.

Federal Senate (Brazil)
The Federal Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. When created under the Imperial Constitution in 1824, it was based on the House of Lords of the British Parliament, but since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 and under the first republican Constitution the Federal Senate has resembled the United States Senate.

The current president of the Federal Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, a member of UNIÃO from Amapá. He was re-elected in February 2025 for his two-year non-consecutive term, as he had already led the Senate between 2019-21 during Bolsonaro's government.
I'll Do as Much for You Someday
"I'll Do as Much for You Someday" is a song written by Ed G. Nelson and Ed Nelson Jr.

Slim Whitman recorded it for RCA Victor on February 3, 1949. It was released as a single, as the flip side to "I'm Casting My Lasso Towards the Sky", in April of the same year.

Billboard gave a "satisfactory" review, writing: "Okay ballad number here, with performance less than adequate."

Slim Whitman
Ottis Dewey "Slim" Whitman Jr. (January 20, 1923 – June 19, 2013) was an American country music singer and guitarist known for his yodeling abilities and his use of falsetto. Recorded figures show 70 million sales, during a career that spanned more than seven decades. His prolific output included more than 100 albums and around 500 recorded songs; these consisted of country music, contemporary gospel, Broadway show tunes, love songs, and standards. Soon after being signed, in the 1950s Whitman toured with Elvis Presley.
Ítalo Argentino Luder
Ítalo Argentino Luder (31 December 1916 – 25 May 2008) was an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. As provisional president of the Argentine Senate, Luder served as the acting President of Argentina from 13 September 1975 until 16 October 1975, deputizing for Isabel Perón. Luder was also the Justicialist Party's 1983 presidential candidate, a National Deputy, one of Carlos Menem's defense ministers, and Argentina's ambassador to France.

Ministry of Defense (Argentina)
The Ministry of Defense  (Spanish: Ministerio de Defensa; abbrevriated MINDEF) of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power that oversees and advises on matters of national defense, including overseeing the Argentine Armed Forces.

The Ministry of Defense is one of the oldest ministries in the Argentine government, having existed continuously since the formation of the first Argentine executive in 1854, in the presidency of Justo José de Urquiza (then known as the Ministry of War). The incumbent minister since 10 December 2025 is Lieutenant General Carlos Presti, who had until then served as chief of the general staff of the Army and was appointed by president Javier Milei, becoming the first defense minister to come from a military background since the end of military rule in the country in 1983.
Derafsh Shahdad
The Derafsh Shahdad (Persian: درفش شهداد), or Shahdad's standard, is a historical bronze standard discovered in the city of Shahdad in Kerman province, Iran. It is a square bronze object measuring 23 centimetres (9.1 in) x 23 centimetres (9.1 in), surmounted by an eagle figure and mounted on a pole.

Heraldic flag
In heraldry and vexillology, a heraldic flag is a flag containing coats of arms, heraldic badges, or other devices used for personal identification.

Heraldic flags include banners, standards, pennons and their variants, gonfalons, guidons, and pinsels.  Specifications governing heraldic flags vary from country to country, and have varied over time.
R. H. Moreno Durán
Rafael Humberto Moreno Durán, also known by his acronym R.H. Moreno Durán (Tunja, November 7, 1945 Tunja—November 21, 2005 Bogotá) was a novelist, essayist and playwright considered one of the most remarkable Colombian writers of the 20th century. His work includes the trilogy Femina Suite (comprising Juego de Damas, El toque de Diana and Finale Capriccioso con Madonna), and the play Cuestión de Habitos, for which he received the Ciudad de San Sebastián prize. He collaborated with several publications, including El País and La Vanguardia newspapers. He also was director of the Latin-American edition of Quimera journal.

La Vanguardia
La Vanguardia (Catalan: [lə βəŋˈɡwaɾðiə]; Spanish: [la βaŋˈɡwaɾðja], lit. 'The Vanguard') is a Spanish daily newspaper founded in 1881. It is printed in Spanish and, since 3 May 2011, also in Catalan. It has its headquarters in Barcelona and is Catalonia's leading newspaper.

Despite being mostly distributed in Catalonia, La Vanguardia is Spain's fourth-highest circulation among general-interest newspapers, trailing only the three main Madrid-based ones – El País, El Mundo and ABC – all of which are national newspapers with offices and local editions throughout the country.

The newspaper's editorial line leans to the centre of politics and is moderate in its opinions, but during Francoist Spain, it followed the Francoist ideology. It retains Catholic sensibilities and strong ties to the Spanish nobility through the Godó family.
Bunker Hill Covered Bridge
The Bunker Hill Covered Bridge is one of two covered bridges left in North Carolina, (the other being the Pisgah Covered Bridge in Randolph County), and is possibly the last wooden bridge in the United States with Haupt truss construction. It was built in 1895 by Andrew Loretz Ramsour (1817–1906) in Claremont, North Carolina, and crosses Lyle Creek.

The bridge was designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2001 and is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Midnight Creek
Midnight Creek is a river in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The river begins in the heart of the Porcupine Hills and of the Manitoba Escarpment and heads in a generally south-east direction through the Porcupine Provincial Forest before emptying into Elbow Lake. A short river connects Elbow Lake to Woody Lake, which is the source for Woody River. Highway 980 follows the river for much of its course.

Midnight Creek travels through boreal forest, muskeg, and connects many lakes of Porcupine Hills Provincial Park including Isbister, Spirit, Island, and Elbow Lakes. Halliday, Isbister, and Midnight Lakes are along the river's course. Island Creek, which comes from Island and Spirit Lakes, meets up with Midnight Creek just upstream from Midnight Lake.

Manitoba Escarpment
The Manitoba Escarpment, or the Western Manitoba Uplands, are a range of hills along the Saskatchewan–Manitoba border. The eastern slopes of the range are considered to be a scarp. They were created by glacial scouring and formed the western shore of prehistoric Lake Agassiz.