hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radical 197
Radical 197 or radical salt (鹵部) meaning "salt" is one of the 6 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 11 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 44 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

卤 (7 strokes), the simplified form of 鹵 is the 156th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, while the traditional form 鹵 is listed as its associated indexing component.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Hours Tour
The Hours Tour was a small-scale promotional concert tour by the English singer-songwriter David Bowie comprising a handful of live performances and numerous television appearances in support of the album Hours in late 1999. Several live songs from the tour were included as b-sides to singles from the album, and concert recordings from the tour were released in 2020 as Something in the Air (Live Paris 99) and in 2021 with David Bowie At The Kit Kat Klub (Live New York 99).

Reeves Gabrels
Reeves Gabrels (born June 4, 1956) is an American guitarist, songwriter and producer. A member of The Cure since 2012, Gabrels is also known for his work with David Bowie and Tin Machine from 1988 to 1999. He also fronts the band Reeves Gabrels & His Imaginary Friends, which is based in Nashville.

As a guitarist, Gabrels is recognized for his virtuosity and versatility, and been praised for his ability to "explore sonic extremes with a great, adaptive intuition for what each song needs most." He has been characterized as "one of the most daring rock-guitar improvisers since Jimi Hendrix".
Gangs in New Zealand
There are numerous gangs in New Zealand, of varying criminality, organisation and ethnicity, including outlaw motorcycle gangs, street gangs and ethnically based gangs. A chapter of the Hells Angels motorcycle club was formed in Auckland in 1961, the first Hells Angels chapter outside the US. Soon after, the Mongrel Mob formed in Hastings and Wellington, developing into a predominantly Māori and Pacific Islander gang, and having the largest membership in the country. Through the 1960s and 1970s, other outlaw motorcycle clubs and ethnically based gangs formed, including another predominantly Māori gang, Black Power (not related to the African-American movement), which grew to rival the Mongrel Mob.

There are about 10,000 gang members and prospects in New Zealand as of 2025.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
Enguerrand Quarton
Enguerrand Quarton (or Charonton) (c. 1410 – c. 1466) was a French painter and manuscript illuminator whose few surviving works are among the first masterpieces of a distinctively French style, very different from either Italian or Early Netherlandish painting. Six paintings by him are documented, of which only two survive, and in addition the Louvre now follows most art historians in attributing to him the famous Avignon Pietà. His two documented works are the remarkable Coronation of the Virgin (1453–54, Villeneuve-les-Avignon) and The Virgin of Mercy (1452, Musée Condé, Chantilly). Two smaller altarpieces are also attributed to him.

Château de Chantilly
The Château de Chantilly (pronounced [ʃɑto d(ə) ʃɑ̃tiji]) is a historic French château located in the town of Chantilly, Oise, about 50 kilometres (30 miles) north of Paris. The site comprises two attached buildings: the Petit Château, built around 1560 for Anne de Montmorency, and the Grand Château, which was destroyed during the French Revolution and rebuilt in the 1870s. The château is owned by the Institut de France, which received it from Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale.

A historic monument since 1988, it is open to the public. The château's art gallery, the Musée Condé, houses one of France's finest collections of paintings. It specialises in French paintings and book illuminations of the 15th and 16th centuries.
Inner tube water polo
Inner tube water polo (ITWP) is a variant of water polo with the  difference that players are required to float in inflatable inner tubes. By floating in an inner tube, players experience less contact and expend less energy than traditional water polo players, not having to tread water. This allows casual players to enjoy water polo without undertaking the intense conditioning required for conventional water polo. This sport is predominantly played at universities, but can also be found in recreational adult leagues.

Inner tube
An inner tube is an inflatable torus that forms the interior of some pneumatic tires. The tube is inflated through a valve stem and fits inside the tire casing. The inflated inner tube provides structural support and suspension, while the outer tire offers grip and protects the more fragile tube.
Rabbit Lake (Sudbury District)
Rabbit Lake is a small lake in the municipality of Markstay-Warren, Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin, is in geographic Awrey Township, and is located 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) southwest of Ontario Highway 17 near the community of Markstay. The lake exits at the northeast via an unnamed creek, then flows via the Veuve River, Lake Nipissing and the French River to Georgian Bay on Lake Huron.

Great Lakes Basin
The Great Lakes Basin consists of the Great Lakes and the surrounding lands of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in the United States, and the province of Ontario in Canada, whose direct surface runoff and watersheds form a large drainage basin that feeds into the lakes. It is generally considered to also include a small area around and beyond Wolfe Island, Ontario, at the east end of Lake Ontario, which does not directly drain into the Great Lakes, but into the Saint Lawrence River.

The Basin is at the center of the Great Lakes region.
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi fortress
The Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi fortress or Akkerman fortress (Білгород-Дністровська фортеця, or Акерманська фортеця; Romanian: Cetatea-Albă; also known as Kokot) is a historical and architectural monument of the 13th–14th centuries. It is located in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in the Odesa Oblast of southwestern Ukraine, in the Budjak, the historical region of Bessarabia.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Scott-Bathgate Ltd.
Scott-Bathgate Limited is a Canadian-based direct-selling manufacturer, distributor, and importer of confectionery, specialty grocery, and other foodstuffs. It is known for its Nutty Club brand of candy, syrup and nut products, as well as its Food Club line of condiments and food colouring. Headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the company services Canada from British Columbia to Ontario, and has warehouse facilities in Winnipeg; Regina, SK; Calgary and Edmonton, AB; and Delta, BC.

The company logo and mascot is "Can-D-Man", a man made up of lengths of candy cane.

Food coloring
Food coloring, color additive or colorant is any dye, pigment, or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or beverages. Colorants can be supplied as liquids, powders, gels, or pastes. Food coloring is commonly used in commercial products and in domestic cooking.

Food colorants are also used in various non-food applications, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, home craft projects, and medical devices. Some colorings may be natural, such as with carotenoids and anthocyanins extracted from plants or cochineal from insects, or may be synthesized, such as tartrazine yellow.

In the manufacturing of foods, beverages and cosmetics, the safety of colorants is under constant scientific review and certification by national regulatory agencies, such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and by international reviewers, such as the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
Olaulim
Olaulim is a scenic village in Bardez sub-district, North Goa, India. The village lies between the lush green hills that separate it off from Bastora and Porvorim on the West and the back waters of the Mandovi River on the East.

Also 3 km away is Pomburpa (the springs here are a popular tourist attraction which incidentally haven't been known to run dry even in the worst of summers) to the south and Aldona 6 km away in a north easterly direction. Those are the nearest villages with the Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary just across the river in Chorao.

The village of Olaulim had been home to survivors of the brutal World War 2 attack on Rangoon, Burma where many Goans had flourishing businesses. The Pinto and Rodrigues families are some of the few such surviving families that still exist in Olaulim. (details of the hardships faced by these families when fleeing Rangoon to return to Olaulim, Goa can be found in the book "Songs of the Survivors" by Yvonne Vaz Ezdani).

North Goa district
North Goa district is one of the two districts that constitutes the state of Goa, India. The district has an area of 1,736 square kilometres (670 square miles), and is bounded by Kolhapur  and Sindhudurg districts of Maharashtra state to the north and by Belagavi district of Karnataka to the east, by South Goa district to the south, and by the Arabian Sea to the west.
Natanael Berg
Carl Natanael Rexroth-Berg (9 February 1879 – 14 October 1957) was a Swedish composer.

Berg was born and died in Stockholm. He trained in veterinary medicine and began learning music by teaching himself. He later studied at the Stockholm Conservatory. Until 1939, he served as a veterinarian in the Swedish Army and afterwards became a freelance composer.

His output included five operas, three ballets, five symphonies as well as several symphonic poems, a piano concerto, a violin concerto, a serenade for violin and orchestra, a piano quintet, ballades, lieder, and pieces for piano.

Ballade (classical music)
A ballade (/bəˈlɑːd/; French: [balad]; and Latin: ballare ,pronounced [bälˈlʲäːrɛ]) refers to a one-movement instrumental piece with lyrical and dramatic narrative qualities reminiscent of such a song setting. In 19th century romantic music, a piano ballade is a genre of solo piano pieces written in a balletic narrative style, with lyrical and virtuosic elements being prominently featured.
Tigbauan
Tigbauan, officially the Municipality of Tigbauan (Kinaray-a: Banwa kang Tigbauan; Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Tigbauan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tigbauan), is a municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 65,657 people.

Poblacion
Poblacion (from Spanish población, meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It may consist of a single barangay or multiple barangays. Colloquially, the poblacion area is also referred to as the bayan (see also other definitions of bayan), plaza, or centro.
Kharduri people
The Kharduri (also Harduri or Charduri) are a group of formerly semi-nomadic Tajiks of unknown origin. They live in the Surxondaryo Region of southeastern Uzbekistan (between Boysun and Gʻuzor). The Kharduri were estimated to number about 8,400 in 1924–25.

Boysun
Boysun (Uzbek: Boysun, Russian: Байсун, romanized: Baysun) is a city in Surxondaryo Region, Uzbekistan and capital of Boysun District. The population was 16,732 as of the 1989 census, and 27,600 in 2016.
Quebrada Marquesa Formation
Quebrada Marquesa Formation (Spanish: Formación Quebrada Marquesa) is a geological formation composed of alternations of volcanic and volcaniclastic rock layers and mostly continental (as opposed to marine) sedimanry rocks in inland Coquimbo Region, northern Chile. Its does however have a few layers of marine sedimentary rock near its base. It overlies the older Arqueros Formation wth which it has some interdigitation. Quebrada Marquesa Formation contains economically valuable manganese layers in its upper half. The formation has a stratigraphic thickness of about 1500 m.

Coquimbo Region
The Coquimbo Region (Spanish: Región de Coquimbo, pronounced [koˈkimbo]) is one of Chile's 16 administrative regions. It is located approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) north of the national capital, Santiago. The region is bordered by the Atacama Region to the north, the Valparaíso Region to the south, Argentina to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

The capital and largest city is La Serena. Other significant cities include Coquimbo, a major seaport, and Ovalle, a center for agriculture.
June 1946 French legislative election in French Somaliland
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 2 June 1946, with a second round on 16 June as part of the wider parliamentary elections. René Bernard-Cothier was re-elected as the territory's MP.

French Somaliland
French Somaliland (French: Côte française des Somalis, lit. 'French Coast of the Somalis', CFS; Somali: Xeebta Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska; Arabic: ساحل الصوماليين الفرنسي وتوابعه) was a French colony in the Horn of Africa. It existed between 1884 and 1967, at which point it became the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas. The Republic of Djibouti is its legal successor state.
Michel Rouleau
Michel Rouleau (born September 28, 1944) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward.  He played 115 games in the World Hockey Association with the Quebec Nordiques, Philadelphia Blazers, San Diego Mariners, Michigan Stags and Baltimore Blades.

San Diego Mariners
The San Diego Mariners were a professional ice hockey team based in San Diego, California, that competed in the World Hockey Association (WHA). The team played its home games at the San Diego Sports Arena. Previous to being in San Diego, the team was known as the New York Raiders, New York Golden Blades, and the Jersey Knights. After folding in 1977, San Diego Mariners' name was adopted by an unrelated franchise in the low-level, minor professional Pacific Hockey League (PHL).
Gridlock (politics)
In politics, gridlock or deadlock or political stalemate is a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people. A government is gridlocked when the ratio between bills passed and the agenda of the legislature decreases. Gridlock can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.

The word "gridlock" is used here as a metaphor – referring to the traffic standstill which results when congestion causes the flow to freeze up completely.

Cohabitation (government)
Cohabitation is a system of divided government that occurs in semi-presidential systems, such as France, whenever the president is from a different political party than the majority of the members of parliament. It occurs because such a system forces the president to name a premier (prime minister) who will be acceptable to the majority party within parliament. Thus, cohabitation occurs because of the duality of the executive: an independently elected president and a prime minister who must be acceptable both to the president and to the legislature.
Phander (village)
Phander (Urdu: پھنڈر) is the name of a village and valley in the Ghizer District located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The village is 184 kilometers from Gilgit on the road to the Shandur Pass, which continues on to Chitral.

There are four lakes in the valley, of which the Phander Lake is the largest.
Phander is one of the few places where the Gilgit River divides into several strands as it enters the valley, which merges again upon exit from the valley.

Shandur Pass
Shandur Pass (Urdu: شندور) is a pass located 
on the boundary of Upper Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Gilgit-Baltistan, a disputed territory within the larger region of Kashmir. Often referred to as 'The Roof of the World, it is located besides the Shandur Polo Ground which hosts the annual Shandur Polo Festival.

Shandur Pass, which is considered one of the most serene areas of Pakistan, is at an elevation of around 12,500 ft (3,800 m). It connects the two regions of Pakistan via a road. It is 212 km away from Gilgit.
Come Down in Time
"Come Down in Time" is the second track on Elton John's third album, Tumbleweed Connection, released in 1970. The lyrics were written by Bernie Taupin, Elton's long time writing partner. The song was originally recorded for John's second album, Elton John.

Elton John (album)
Elton John is the second studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John. It was released on 10 April 1970 through DJM Records. Including John's breakthrough single "Your Song", the album helped establish his career during the rise of the singer-songwriter era of popular music.

In the US, Elton John was certified gold in February 1971 by the RIAA. In the same year, it was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards. In 2003, the album was ranked number 468 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. On 27 November 2012, it was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame as an album cited as exhibiting "qualitative or historical significance".
Piano Sonata No. 1 (Beethoven)
Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 1 in F minor, Op. 2 No. 1, was written in 1795 and dedicated to Joseph Haydn. It was published simultaneously with his second and third piano sonatas in 1796.

Donald Francis Tovey wrote, "Sir Hubert Parry has aptly compared the opening of [this sonata] with that of the finale of Mozart's G minor symphony to show how much closer Beethoven's texture is. The slow movement ... well illustrates the rare cases in which Beethoven imitates Mozart to the detriment of his own proper richness of tone and thought, while the finale in its central episode brings a misapplied and somewhat diffuse structure in Mozart's style into a direct conflict with themes as Beethovenish in their terseness as in their sombre passion".

Tuplet
In music, a tuplet (also irrational rhythm or groupings, artificial division or groupings, abnormal divisions, irregular rhythm, gruppetto, extra-metric groupings, or, rarely, contrametric rhythm) is "any rhythm that involves dividing the beat into a different number of equal subdivisions from that usually permitted by the time-signature (e.g., triplets, duplets, etc.)" This is indicated by a number, or sometimes two indicating the fraction involved. The notes involved are also often grouped with a bracket or (in older notation) a slur.

The most common type of tuplet is the triplet.
Robert E. Bourdeau
Robert Eugene Bourdeau (February 1, 1922 – March 5, 2010) was an American physicist known for major contributions to the study of the ionosphere, plasma physics and radio science using space vehicles including satellites and rockets.  Among his many achievements was the launch on November 3, 1960, of Explorer 8 from Cape Canaveral, Florida.  This occurred during his 16-year career at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).  He was both Project Manager and Project Scientist for Explorer 8 which added significant knowledge to the understanding of these fields.

Prior to his career at NASA Bourdeau worked at the Naval Research Laboratory and participated in the historic post-war V-2 rocket program at the White Sands Proving Ground.  There he began his research into the ionosphere.  After the V-2 program ended around 1946, Bourdeau concentrated mainly on Department of Defense classified research that included studies of atmospheric electricity.

Explorer 8
Explorer 8 was a NASA research satellite launched on 3 November 1960. It was intended to study the temporal and spatial distribution of the electron density, the electron temperature, the ion concentration, the ion mass, the micrometeorite distribution, and the micrometeorite mass in the ionosphere at altitudes between 400 km (250 mi) and 1,600 km (990 mi) and their variation from full sunlit conditions to full shadow, or nighttime, conditions.
Electoral district of Point Cook
The Electoral district of Point Cook is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in Australia. It was created in the redistribution of electoral boundaries in 2021, and came into effect at the 2022 Victorian state election.

It largely covers the area of the abolished district of Altona, covering south western suburbs of Melbourne. It includes the suburbs of Altona Meadows, Seabrook, Point Cook, and Werribee South.

The abolished seat of Altona was held by Labor MP Jill Hennessy from 2010 to 2022.

Point Cook
Point Cook is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Wyndham local government area. Point Cook recorded a population of 66,781 at the 2021 census, making it the most populated suburb in Australia.

Point Cook is the home of RAAF Base Point Cook, the birthplace of the Royal Australian Air Force, and is the current home of the RAAF Museum. Point Cook is also home to many playgrounds and parks/public spaces. The wetlands of the Point Cook Coastal Park form part of the Cheetham and Altona Important Bird Area.

The major development of the suburb began in the late 1990s. The population of Point Cook has been growing rapidly since 2001 when the population was 1,737. At the 2016 census, Point Cook's population was 49,929, and had risen to 66,781 by 2021.
Chandramani Tripathi
Chandramani Tripathi (1 July 1946 – 23 March 2013) was an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. He was elected to the 12th Lok Sabha in 1998 from  Rewa constituency in Madhya Pradesh state. He was re-elected to the 14th Lok Sabha in 2004 from the same constituency. He died in March 2013 at Medanata, Gurgaon after a short illness.

14th Lok Sabha
The 14th Lok Sabha (2 June 2004 – 18 May 2009) was convened after the 2004 Indian general election, held in four phases during 20 April – 10 May 2004, which led to the formation of the first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.

The next 15th Lok Sabha was convened after 2009 Indian general election.