hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murphy Lake (Louisiana)
Murphy Lake is a lake in Iberville and Upper St. Martin Parishes, Louisiana, United States, within the Atchafalaya Basin. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 3 feet (1 m). It's 2 miles southeast of Natchitoches.

St. Martin Parish, Louisiana
St. Martin Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Martin) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana, founded in 1811. Its parish seat is St. Martinville, and the largest city is Breaux Bridge. At the 2020 census, the population was 51,767. St. Martin Parish is part of the Lafayette metropolitan area in the region of Acadiana, along the Gulf Coast.
Aso-class patrol vessel
The Aso-class patrol vessel is a class of PL type patrol vessel of the Japan Coast Guard. PL stands for Patrol vessel Large, and the class is named after Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan.

This class is one of the new patrol vessel classes to intercept spy boats of DPRK. These classes are called "高速高機能大型巡視船", High-speed, high-functionality patrol vessel, large. Having Bofors 40 mm L/70 autocannon with fire-control system, this class is safely able to deal with heavily armed spy boats of DPRK which intrude into Japanese waters. The hull of this class is bulletproof in case of close-range firefights.

In the back of the bridge's side, this class has display devices that can be used to instruct other ships to stop even at nighttime. And on the bridge superstructure, this class is equipped with the LIDAR system to acquire targets with high accuracy. At the same time, this system enables them to perform search and rescue missions more safely.

Mount Aso
Mount Aso (阿蘇山, Aso-san) or Aso Volcano is the second largest active volcano in Japan after Mount Fuji, and among the largest in the world. Common use relates often only to the somma volcano in the centre of Aso Caldera. It stands in Aso Kujū National Park in Kumamoto Prefecture, on the island of Kyushu. Its tallest peak, Takadake, is 1,592 meters (5,223 ft) above sea level.  Mount Aso is in a fairly large caldera (25 kilometers (16 miles) north-south and 18 km (11 mi) east-west) with a circumference of around 120 km (75 mi), although sources vary on the exact distance. It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.
Jook-sing
Jook-sing or zuk-sing (竹升) is a Cantonese term used as an ethnic generational identifier for an overseas Chinese person who was born in the West, or a Chinese person who more readily or strongly identifies with Western culture than traditional Chinese culture.

Chinese culture
Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中华文化; traditional Chinese: 中華文化; pinyin: Zhōnghuá wénhuà) is one of the world's earliest cultures, said to originate five thousand years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia called the Sinosphere as a whole and is extremely diverse, with customs and traditions varying greatly between regions. The terms 'China' and the geographical landmass of 'China' have shifted across the centuries, before the name 'China' became commonplace. Chinese civilization is historically considered a dominant culture of East Asia. Chinese culture exerted profound influence on the philosophy, customs, politics, and traditions of Asia. Chinese characters, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, arts, philosophy, etiquette, religion, politics, and history have had global influence, while its traditions and festivals are celebrated, instilled, and practiced by people around the world.
Yu Di (singer)
Yu Di (Chinese: 余笛; pinyin: Yú Dí; born November 23, 1981) is a Chinese classical crossover singer-songwriter, musical actor and educator. A classically trained lyric baritone, he combines his singing career with his full-time teaching position at Shanghai Theatre Academy and gained nationwide recognition after participating in the first season of the singing competition Super–Vocal.

Hunan Television
Hunan Television (Chinese: 湖南卫视; pinyin: Húnán Wèishì) is a Chinese provincial satellite television station based in Changsha, Hunan province. Launched on September 29, 1970 and often nicknamed the "mango channel" (Chinese: 芒果台, due to the station's current logo), it is currently China's second-most-watched television channel, second to China Central Television's CCTV-1, although Hunan TV has occasionally overtaken CCTV-1 in ratings.

Owned by Hunan Broadcasting System, Hunan TV's signal covers most of China, including Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.  It is also broadcast overseas as Hunan STV World in Japan, India, Nepal, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Tajikistan, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Fiji, Australia,  and parts of Africa, the Americas, and Europe. The channel has broadcast in high-definition since September 28, 2009. The appearance of its logo has resulted in the nickname of Mango TV.
USS Manitou
The US Navy has operated three vessels named Manitou, after the Algonquian term for a holy spirit.

USS Fort Hindman, a steamship briefly named Manitou in 1863

USS Worcester (1866), a Contoocook-class sloop laid down as Manitou

USS Manito II, a patrol vessel which retained her civilian name

Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (/æl.ˈɡɒŋ.k(w)i.ən/ al-GONG-k(w)ee-ən; also Algonkian) are a branch of the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been suggested to derive from the Wolastoqey word elakómkwik (pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]), meaning 'they are our relatives/allies'.

Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus about where this language was spoken.
Sadowiec-Wrzosy
Sadowiec-Wrzosy [saˈdɔvjɛt͡s ˈvʐɔsɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Działoszyn, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Działoszyn, 8 km (5 mi) west of Pajęczno, and 83 km (52 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pajęczno
Pajęczno [paˈjɛnt͡ʂnɔ] is a town in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Pajęczno County. It lies approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of Częstochowa. Its population is 6,651 (2020). It is located in the Sieradz Land.
4 Vulpeculae
4 Vulpeculae is a single, orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Vulpecula. It forms part of the asterism, formerly thought to be an open cluster, called the coathanger or Brocchi's Cluster. The star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.16. The distance to this star, based upon an annual parallax shift of 12.5320±0.1008 mas, is around 260 light years.

At the age of about 2.6 billion years old, this is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved off the main sequence. It is now a red clump giant, indicating that it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through the fusion of helium at its core. The star has an estimated 1.72 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 11.42 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 67.6 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,763 K.

Red clump
The red clump is a clustering of red giants in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram at around 5,000 K and absolute magnitude (MV) +0.5, slightly hotter than most red-giant-branch stars of the same luminosity.  It is visible as a denser region of the red-giant branch or a bulge towards hotter temperatures.  It is prominent in many galactic open clusters, and it is also noticeable in many intermediate-age globular clusters and in nearby field stars (e.g. the Hipparcos stars).

The red clump giants are cool horizontal branch stars, stars originally similar to the Sun which have undergone a helium flash and are now fusing helium in their cores.
Head-Royce School
Head-Royce School (Head-Royce or HRS) is a private co-educational college-preparatory K-12 school in Oakland, California. The forerunner of Head-Royce was the Anna Head School for Girls in Berkeley, founded in 1887. Relocated to its current site in 1964, Anna Head School for Girls merged with the neighboring Royce School in 1979 to form the present-day Head-Royce School.

Head-Royce is composed of three divisions. The Lower School consists of kindergarten through 5th grade. The Middle School is composed of the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades. Finally, the Upper School encompasses 9th through 12th grades. Most new students enter Head-Royce in kindergarten, 6th grade, or 9th grade.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Para-snowboarding classification
Para-snowboarding classification is the classification system for Para snowboarding. The sport, initially called Adaptive Snowboarding is now practiced by hundreds of athletes worldwide. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) defines three classes: SB-LL for athletes with a physical impairment affecting one or both legs (with SB-LL1 and SB-LL2 for more- and less-severe impairment), and SB-UL for athletes with a physical impairment affecting one or both arms who compete standing. The sport made its official Winter Paralympic debut in the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia.

Pyeongchang County
Pyeongchang (American English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/ pyung-CHAHNG, Korean: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, "Happy 700 Pyeongchang", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. It was officially rebranded as "PyeongChang" (with a capital 'C') for the purposes of the 2018 Games, in order to avoid confusion with Pyongyang in North Korea.
Claire Wright (gymnast)
Claire Louise Wright (born 5 August 1979 in Camberley, England) is a British trampoline gymnast. Her parents, Bernie and Colin Wright are gymnastics coaches and they run the Rushmoor Gymnastics Academy. She attended sixth form at Farnham College before doing a Sports Science degree at University of Wales Institute, Cardiff.

Wright received FIG pin for achievement at World Championships in 2000.

Wright retired after representing Great Britain at the 2008 Summer Olympics

Claire is currently performing in Cirque du Soleil's La Nouba, in the trampolining and track act.

La Nouba
La Nouba was a Cirque du Soleil show that ran for 19 years in a custom-built, freestanding theater at Disney Springs' West Side at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It was a contemporary circus performance featuring acrobats, gymnasts, and other skilled performers. The show's creation was directed by Franco Dragone, who also directed many of Cirque du Soleil's earlier shows. Its title derives from the French phrase faire la nouba, meaning "to party" or "to live it up".

The show was succeeded by Drawn to Life, which premiered on November 18, 2021.
Jung Yi-seo
Jung Yi-seo (Korean: 정이서; born August 13, 1993) is a South Korean actress. She is known for her roles in dramas such as Tale of the Nine Tailed (2020), Mine (2021), Snowdrop (2022), and All of Us Are Dead (2022). She has also appeared in films such as Parasite (2019), Samjin Company English Class (2020), Real (2017), Josée (2020), and Decision to Leave (2022).

All of Us Are Dead
All of Us Are Dead (Korean: 지금 우리 학교는) is a South Korean coming-of-age apocalyptic horror television series based on the webtoon of the same name by Joo Dong-geun, which was published on Webtoon between 2009 and 2011. It stars  Park Ji-hu, Yoon Chan-young, Cho Yi-hyun, Lomon, Yoo In-soo, Lee Yoo-mi, Kim Byung-chul, Lee Kyu-hyung, and Jeon Bae-soo. The series follows several South Korean students and their struggles while surviving against a highly-contagious zombie virus.

The show was released on January 28, 2022, on Netflix. Following its release, it was watched over 474.26 million hours in its first 30 days on the service. The show was renewed for a second season on June 6, 2022, and principal photography commenced on July 23, 2025.
Spare ratio
A spare ratio or spares ratio is the percentage of unused vehicles operated by a public transport operator during peak service periods. It is calculated as a simple percentage of the total fleet size.

In the United States, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) sets a 20 percent guideline for the spare ratio in a fleet of at least 50 vehicles.

Fleet vehicle
A fleet vehicle is a vehicle owned or leased by a business, government agency, or other organization rather than by an individual or family. Typical examples include vehicles operated by car rental companies, taxicab companies, public utilities, public transport, and emergency services.

Many businesses purchase or lease fleet vehicles to deliver goods to customers, as well as providing vehicles for sales representatives to travel to clients. In some jurisdictions and countries, fleet vehicles can also be privately owned by employees. These vehicles are often called the "grey fleet" and are used for work purposes. Fleet vehicles can be managed by a fleet manager or transport manager using fleet management software. Vehicles may be connected to a fleet telematics system by way of a Fleet Management System, also known as an FMS.
Pethidinic acid
Pethidinic acid (meperidinic acid, pethidine intermediate C) is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is both a metabolite of and a precursor to pethidine (meperidine).  It is scheduled by UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.  It is a Schedule II Narcotic controlled substance in the United States and has an ACSCN of 9234.  The 2014 annual manufacturing quota was 6 grams.

Pethidinic acid is a controlled drug because of its potential uses in manufacturing both pethidine itself and some of its substituted derivatives, but it has little opioid activity in its own right. Metabolism of pethidine to pethidinic acid is carried out mainly by the carboxylesterase enzyme hCE-1 in the liver, and since the activity of this enzyme can vary between individuals, the rate and extent of pethidinic acid production can vary.

Frank Wätjen used pethidinic acid as a precursor chemical to a heterocyclic moiety.

Piperidine
Piperidine is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)5NH. This heterocyclic amine consists of a six-membered ring containing five methylene bridges (–CH2–) and one amine bridge (–NH–). It is a colorless liquid with an odor described as objectionable, human sperm-like, typical of amines. The name comes from the genus name Piper, which is the Latin word for pepper. Although piperidine is a common organic compound, it is best known as a representative structure element within many pharmaceuticals and alkaloids, such as naturally-occurring solenopsins.
Oblo language
Oblo is a poorly attested, unclassified, and possibly extinct language of northern Cameroon. It is, or was, spoken in a tiny area including Gobtikéré, Ouro Bé, and Ouro Badjouma, in Pitoa, Bénoué Department.

Eldridge Mohammadou located Olbo around Bé, at the confluence of the Benue River and Kebi River, in Bibemi commune. However, ALCAM (2012), following Ethnologue, reports that Oblo was spoken near Tcholliré in Mayo-Rey department, Northern Region. Oblo is known only from eight words collected by Kurt Strümpell in the early 1900s.

Oblo has been classified as one of the Adamawa languages, but it has not been included in recent classifications. It might be best left unclassified altogether.

Benue River
Benue River (French: la Bénoué), previously known as the Chadda River or Tchadda, is the major tributary of the Niger River. The size of its catchment basin is 319,000 km2 (123,000 mi2). Almost its entire length of approximately 1,400 km (870 mi) is navigable during the summer months. As a result, it is an important transportation route in the regions through which it flows. The name Benue comes from bernor, meaning 'river or lake of hippos’ in the Tiv.
Running gear (rail transport)
In railway terminology the term running gear refers to those components of a railway vehicle that run passively on the rails, unlike those of the driving gear. Traditionally these are the wheels, axles, axle boxes, springs and vehicle frame of a railway locomotive or wagon. The running gear of a modern railway vehicle comprises, in most instances, a bogie frame with two  wheelsets. However there are also wagons with single axles (fixed or movable) and even individual wheels. Since in modern times, locomotives no longer require separate driving and carrying axles (see wheel arrangement), as was formerly common with steam locomotives, but usually have bogies where all axles are driven, the term running gear is (inaccurately) superseding the term 'driving gear' in some parts of the world.

Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as steam, electric, and diesel powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.
Shirley Anne Tate
Shirley Anne Tate (born March 1956) is a Jamaican sociologist, scholar, researcher, educator, and author. She is known for her work in studying racism, the Black diaspora and the intersection with feminism; specifically within institutional racism, mixed race studies, and Black identity.

Tate holds the Canada Research Chair in Feminism and Intersectionality in the Sociology Department of the University of Alberta, starting in 2019. She has additionally taught at Leeds Beckett University, from 2017 to 2019, and at the University of Leeds, from 2012 to 2017.

Leeds Beckett University
Leeds Beckett University (LBU), formerly known as Leeds Metropolitan University (LMU) and before that as Leeds Polytechnic, is a public university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It has campuses in the city centre and Headingley. The university's origins can be traced to 1824, with the foundation of the Leeds Mechanics Institute. Leeds Polytechnic was formed in 1970, and was part of the Leeds Local Education Authority until it became an independent Higher Education Corporation on 1 April 1989. In 1992, the institution gained university status. The current name was adopted in September 2014.
Reification (fallacy)
Reification (also known as concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) is a fallacy of ambiguity, when an abstraction (abstract belief or hypothetical construct) is treated as if it were a concrete real event or physical entity.
In other words, it is the error of treating something that is not concrete, such as an idea, as a concrete thing. A common case of reification is the confusion of a model with reality: "the map is not the territory".

Reification is part of normal usage of natural language, as well as of literature, where a reified abstraction is intended as a figure of speech, and actually understood as such. But the use of reification in logical reasoning or rhetoric is misleading and usually regarded as a fallacy.

A potential consequence of reification is exemplified by Goodhart's law, where changes in the measurement of a phenomenon are mistaken for changes to the phenomenon itself.

Pathetic fallacy
The phrase pathetic fallacy is a literary term for the attribution of human emotion and conduct to things found in nature that are not human. It is a kind of personification that occurs in poetic descriptions, when, for example, clouds seem sullen, when leaves dance, or when rocks seem indifferent. The English cultural critic John Ruskin coined the term in the third volume of his work Modern Painters (1856).
Metacinnabar
Metacinnabar is the cubic form of mercury sulfide (HgS). It is the high temperature form and trimorphous with cinnabar (trigonal structure) and the higher temperature hypercinnabar (hexagonal structure). It occurs with cinnabar in mercury deposits and is associated with native mercury, wurtzite, stibnite, marcasite, realgar, calcite, barite,
chalcedony and hydrocarbons.

It was first described in 1870 for an occurrence in the Redington mine, Knoxville, Napa County, California.

Crystal polymorphism
In crystallography, polymorphism is the phenomenon where a compound or element can crystallize into more than one crystal structure.

The preceding definition has evolved over many years and is still under discussion today. Discussion of the defining characteristics of polymorphism involves distinguishing among types of transitions and structural changes occurring in polymorphism versus those in other phenomena.
Extraordinary Canadians: Marshall McLuhan
Marshall McLuhan  is a biography written by Canadian author Douglas Coupland as a part of Penguin Canada's Extraordinary Canadians series. It was published in March 2011 in the US by Atlas & Company under the title, "Marshall McLuhan: You Know Nothing of my Work!".  The American edition omits the preface describing the Extraordinary Canadians series by John Ralston Saul.

JPod
JPod  is a novel by Douglas Coupland published by Random House of Canada in 2006. Set in 2005, the book explores the strange and unconventional everyday life of the main character, Ethan Jarlewski, and his team of video game programmers whose last names all begin with the letter 'J'.

JPod was adapted into a CBC television series of the same name co-created by Douglas Coupland and Michael MacLennan. It premiered on January 8, 2008, and ran until its cancellation on March 7, 2008, leaving the series with a permanent cliffhanger. The first thirteen episodes of the series aired in the United States on The CW.
G80 Guangzhou–Kunming Expressway
The Guangzhou–Kunming Expressway (Chinese: 广州—昆明高速公路), designated as G80 and commonly referred to as the Guangkun Expressway (Chinese: 广昆高速公路) is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Guangzhou, Guangdong, and Kunming, Yunnan. When complete, it will be 1,511 km (939 mi) in length.

The section of roadway from Suolongshi, Mile County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan to Shilin Yi Autonomous County still follows China National Highway 326 which is not a grade-separated expressway. It is currently being upgraded to expressway standards.

Shilin Yi Autonomous County
Shilin Yi Autonomous County (Chinese: 石林彝族自治县; pinyin: Shílín Yízú Zìzhìxiàn: Sani: ) is an autonomous county, under the jurisdiction of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, China. It borders Yiliang County, Kunming to the west, Luliang County to the northeast, Luxi County, Yunnan to the southeast, and Mile City to the south.