hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pilot logbook
A pilot logbook is a record of a pilot's flying hours. It contains every flight a pilot has flown, including flight time, number of landings, and types of instrument approaches made. Pilots also log simulator time, as it counts towards training.: FCL.630.H

In most countries, pilots are required to maintain a logbook, per their government's aviation regulations. The primary purpose is to show that certain requirements have been met for a certificate or rating, and for currency purposes.

Time logged is block time, which includes time spent taxiing, not just time in the air.

Taxiing
Taxiing (rarely spelled taxying) is the movement of an aircraft on the ground, under its own power, in contrast to towing or pushback where the aircraft is moved by a tug. The aircraft usually moves on wheels, but the term also includes aircraft with skis or floats (for water-based travel).

An airplane uses taxiways to taxi from one place on an airport to another; for example, when moving from a hangar to the runway.  The term "taxiing" is not used for the accelerating run along a runway prior to takeoff, or the decelerating run immediately after landing, which are called the takeoff roll and landing rollout, respectively; however, aircraft are considered to be taxiing when they leave the runway after landing to travel to a gate or remote stand for disembarkment.
Knarrlaget
Knarrlaget or Knarrlagsund is a village on the island of Ulvøya in Hitra Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located on the southern part of the island about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of the village of Ulvan.

The village lies along the Knarrlagsundet strait which separates the islands of Ulvøya and Fjellværsøya. There is a bridge across the strait at Knarrlaget.

Strait
A strait is a water body connecting two seas or water basins. The surface water is, for the most part, at the same elevation on both sides and can flow through the strait in either direction, although the topography generally constricts the flow somewhat. In some straits, there is a dominant directional current. Most commonly, the strait is a narrow channel that lies between two land masses. Straits are loci for sediment accumulation, with sand-sized deposits usually occurring on the two strait exits, forming subaqueous fans or deltas. Some straits are not navigable because they are too narrow, too shallow, or due to the presence of a reef or archipelago.
Vakkuruthi
Vakkuruthi (/vɑːkkuruði/ transl. Pledge) is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language film starring Jaishankar, Vennira Aadai Nirmala and Major Sundarrajan, with Cho Ramaswamy, Thengai Srinivasan and Anjali Devi appearing in supporting roles. It was released on 7 September 1973.

Jaishankar (actor)
Jaishankar (born Shankar Subramaniyan Iyer on 12 July 1938, died 3 June 2000) was an Indian actor known for his work in Tamil cinema. He was a notable lead actor in the 1960s and 70s, who was credited onscreen with title of Makkal Kalaingnar (people's artiste) or Makkal Thamizhan (people's Tamil) in most of the films starring him. He was also referred to as Thennakathu James Bond (South Indian James Bond) because of his roles in films such as Vallavan Oruvan and CID Shankar.
Monterchi
Monterchi is a Comune (Municipality) in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Florence and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Arezzo. It sits in the northern part of Valtiberina (Tiber Valley), the valley where the Tiber river runs going from Emilia-Romagna (where it originates from the Mount Fumaiolo) towards Rome. The valley runs through Romagna, Tuscany and Umbria, parallel to the Casentino Valley.

According to census data updated on Jan. 2017, the city's population was 1,742 while the Comune covers an area of 28.7 square kilometres (11.1 sq mi).

Monterchi borders with Anghiari, Arezzo, Citerna, Città di Castello, Monte Santa Maria Tiberina.

Tiber Valley
The Tiber Valley (Italian: Valle del Tevere) is the largest geographical part of the Tiber basin of the Tiber river included in the Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, and the Lazio regions; it is characterized by river terraces and floodplain areas that extend from the Apennine belt up to the delta of the Tiber river in the Lazio coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Óscar Tigreros
Óscar Eduardo Tigreros Urbano (born 28 July 1997) is a Colombian freestyle wrestler. He won the gold medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2022 Bolivarian Games held in Valledupar, Colombia. He is also a South American Games gold medalist and two-time Pan American runner-up. He competed in the men's 57 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Pan American Wrestling Championships
The Pan American Wrestling Championships is the continental wrestling championships for nations from North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Three wrestling styles, recognized internationally by UWW, have been contested annually since the inception, namely: Greco-Roman, freestyle and sambo wrestling. Since 1997, women's freestyle has also been contested along with the mentioned wrestling styles.
750 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 750 kHz: 750 AM is classified as a United States and Canadian clear-channel frequency by the Federal Communications Commission. WSB Atlanta, KFQD Anchorage and CBGY Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador, share Class A status on 750 kHz.

KFQD
KFQD (750 AM) is a commercial radio station in Anchorage, Alaska branded as "News Talk 750 and 103.7 KFQD".  It broadcasts a news/talk format and is owned by Connoisseur Media. The studios and offices are on Arctic Slope Avenue in Anchorage.

KFQD is the oldest radio station in Alaska and one of the most powerful. It is a Class A, 50,000 watt, non-directional station broadcasting on a clear channel frequency.  The transmitter site is off Merlene Lane in Point MacKenzie.

KFQD is Alaska's primary entry point for the Emergency Alert System (EAS). It is also heard on 250 watt FM translator 103.7 K279BG in Anchorage and its adjacent suburbs.
2007–08 FIBA Americas League
The 2007–08 FIBA Americas League was the first edition of the first-tier and most important professional international club basketball competition in the regions of South America, Central America, the Caribbean, and Mexico, with the winner of the competition being crowned as the best team and champion of all of those regions, as well as of the FIBA Americas zone. The first FIBA Americas League also included two teams from the United States, the Miami Tropics, and the PBL All-Stars, which was an All-Star selection team from the Premier Basketball League.

The competition began on December 4. The first stage was a round robin phase with four teams in each group. Each of the groups were played in different cities, (Guaynabo, Miami, Belo Horizonte, and Mar del Plata). The Final 4 of the league was played in a round-robin format from February 7 to February 9, in Mexicali, Mexico, home of the hosting team, Soles de Mexicali.

Soles de Mexicali
The Soles de Mexicali (English: Mexicali Suns) is a Mexican professional basketball team based in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, playing in the Northern Division of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP). The team was founded in 2005, and has established as one of Mexico's most successful basketball franchises. They currently play their home games in the Auditorio del Estado and are getting their home auditorium remodeled to match their recent title.

After only two years of existence, the team won their first national championship against the Halcones de Xalapa.
Thompson Light Rifle
The Thompson Light Rifle was an attempt by the Auto-Ordnance Company to manufacture a light rifle for the United States Armed Forces. The overall weapon was based on their well proven .45 ACP submachine gun. It worked well but due to the war effort was found expensive for mass production and its weight defied the concept of a light rifle.

Auto-Ordnance also submitted two other models not based on the Thompson SMG for tests in the .30 Carbine competitions in May and June 1941. Their first light rifle was a more conventional rifle with recoil-operated locked-breech action and weighed about 5.5 pounds. The modified version tested September, 1941 was semi-auto only, had 80 parts, and was found difficult to disassemble and reassemble.

Auto-Ordnance Corporation
Auto-Ordnance was a U.S. arms development firm founded by retired Colonel John T. Thompson of the United States Army Ordnance Department in 1916. Auto-Ordnance is best known for the Thompson submachine gun, used as a military weapon by the Allied forces in World War II, and also notorious as a gangster weapon used during the Roaring Twenties.
Domen Fawr, Tafolwern
52°36′37″N 3°38′21″W﻿ / ﻿52.61014°N 3.63919°W﻿ / 52.61014; -3.63919
Domen Fawr, or Tafolwern Castle was a motte-and-bailey castle of the Middle Ages. It is situated in Tafolwern, near Llanbrynmair in Powys. It is registered with Cadw as monument MG065 and is a scheduled monument.

The motte is 6 metres high and 40 metres wide at the base. It lies between two small rivers - Afon Twymyn and Afon Rhiw Saeson, which may have been dammed to form a moat. It was likely built by Owain Cyfeiliog around 1149. It was captured by Hywel ap Ieuaf in 1162, then recaptured by Owain. The last reference to the site is in 1244, when Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn was trapped there by a Welsh army.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio
Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio, 490 U.S. 642 (1989), was a court case concerning employment discrimination, argued before the United States Supreme Court on January 18, 1989, and decided on June 5, 1989.

Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried lentils, could last as long as 30 years in an edible state.

In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the Bertrand, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat.
Rattail orchid
Rattail orchid is a term referring to several more or less closely related orchid species, which have inflorescences or aerial roots resembling a rat's tail in shape. It can refer to:

Dendrobium mortii (Pencil orchid)

Dendrobium racemosum

Dendrobium striolatum (Streaked rock orchid)

Dendrobium tenuissimum

Dockrillia teretifolia (Bridal-veil orchid)

Oncidium cebolleta

Paraphalaenopsis labukensis

Dendrobium racemosum
Dendrobium racemosum, commonly known as the erect pencil orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to tropical North Queensland. It is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with yellowish stems, cylindrical dark green leaves and flowering stems with between eight and fifteen cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers with a thread-like tip on the labellum. It grows on trees and rocks in exposed positions in highland areas and in the tops of rainforest trees at lower altitudes.
Botlikh (rural locality)
Botlikh (Russian: Ботлих, Avar: Болъихъ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Botlikhsky District of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  12,159 (2010 Census); 10,397 (2002 Census); 5,739 (1989 Soviet census). During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Andiysky Okrug.

People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan
The People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan is the regional parliament of Dagestan, a federal subject of Russia. Its seat is in Makhachkala.

The parliament comprises 90 deputies. They are elected for five years by secret ballot and universal suffrage. The Chairman of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the State Council with the consent of the People's Assembly. Of that reason, the government of Dagestan is responsible and accountable to both the State Council and the People's Assembly.
Point cloud
A point cloud is a discrete set of data points in space. The points may represent a 3D shape or object. Each point position has its set of Cartesian coordinates (X, Y, Z). Points may contain data other than position such as RGB colors, normals, timestamps and others. Point clouds are generally produced by 3D scanners or by photogrammetry software, which measure many points on the external surfaces of objects around them. As the output of 3D scanning processes, point clouds are used for many purposes, including to create 3D computer-aided design (CAD) or geographic information systems (GIS) models for manufactured parts, for metrology and quality inspection, and for a multitude of visualizing, animating, rendering, and mass customization applications.

Mass customization
Mass customization makes use of flexible computer-aided systems to produce custom products. Such systems combine the low unit costs of mass production processes with the flexibility of individual customization.

Mass customization is the new frontier in business for both manufacturing and service industries. At its core, is a tremendous increase in variety and customization without a corresponding increase in costs. At its limit, it is the mass production of individually customized goods and services. At its best, it provides strategic advantage and economic value.
Armenian New Zealanders
Armenian New Zealanders refers to New Zealand citizens or permanent residents who are fully or partially of Armenian descent. According to the 2018 census, 264 New Zealanders declared their ethnicity as Armenian.

Although Armenia is located in the South Caucasus, ethnic Armenians are classified as a subset of Europeans under the Ethnicity New Zealand Standard Classification by Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa.

The earliest Armenian community appeared in the 1860s; they were mostly gold miners. However, the majority of Armenians migrated to New Zealand around the 1990s.

Permanent residency
Permanent residency is a person's legal resident status in a country or territory of which such person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis. This is usually for a permanent period; a person with such legal status is known as a permanent resident.

Permanent residency itself is distinct from right of abode, which waives immigration control for such persons. Persons having permanent residency still require immigration control if they do not have right of abode. However, a right of abode automatically grants people permanent residency. This status also gives work permit in most cases. In many Western countries, the status of permanent resident confers a right of abode upon the holder despite not being a citizen of the particular country.
Zephyr Glacier
Zephyr Glacier 1 (69°28′S 68°36′W﻿ / ﻿69.467°S 68.600°W﻿ / -69.467; -68.600) is a glacier, about 8 miles (13 km) long, flowing westward from the southwest side of Mount Edgell into George VI Sound to the south of Cape Jeremy. The feature was surveyed by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1948, and British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1971–72; photographed from the air by U.S. Navy, 1966. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1977 after Zephyrus, the west wind. One of the several features in this area is named after winds.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Zephyr Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Cape Jeremy
Cape Jeremy is a cape marking the east side of the north entrance to George VI Sound and the west end of a line dividing Graham Land and Palmer Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the British Graham Land expedition, 1934–1937, under John Riddoch Rymill, who named it for Jeremy Scott, son of James Maurice Scott, who served as home agent for the expedition and was formerly a member of the British Arctic Air Route Expedition.
HuHot Mongolian Grill
HuHot Mongolian Grill is an American restaurant chain specializing in a create-your-own stir fry cuisine (Mongolian barbecue) with its headquarters in Missoula, Montana. As of March 2017, there are over 70 HuHot Mongolian Grills in 18 states, with the vast majority located in the Midwest and Mountain West states.

Hohhot
Hohhot, formerly known as Kweisui, is the capital and largest city of the northern Chinese province of Inner Mongolia, serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center. Its population was 3,446,100 inhabitants as of the 2020 census, of whom 2,944,889 lived in the metropolitan area consisting of 4 urban districts (including Hohhot Economic and Development Zone) plus the Tumed Left Banner.

The name of the city in Mongolian means "Blue City", although it is also wrongly referred to as the "Green City." The color blue in Mongol culture is associated with the sky, eternity and purity. In Chinese, the name can be translated as Qīng Chéng (Chinese: 青城; lit. 'Blue/Green City') The name has also been variously romanized as Kokotan, Kokutan, Kuku-hoton, Huhohaot'e, Huhehot, Huhhot, Huhot, or Köke qota.

The city is a seat of the Inner Mongolia University, the largest regional comprehensive university and was the only 211 Project University in Inner Mongolia.
Landesberg
Landesberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Max Landesberg (1840–1895), Romanian physician and occulist

Steve Landesberg (1936–2010), American actor

Sylven Landesberg (born 1990), American-Israeli basketball player

Max Landesberg
Max Landesberg (1840 – 4 March 1895) was a Romanian physician and oculist.

He was born to a Jewish family in Iași in 1840. He was educated at the gymnasium at Ratibor and at the University of Berlin (M.D. 1865). After a postgraduate course under Graefe, Landesberg went to the United States, where he practised in New York and Philadelphia. He was the American editor of the Revue d'Ophthalmologie of Paris.

In 1894, he moved to Florence, Italy, dying there the next year.
Esther 2
Esther 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE. Chapters 1 and 2 form the exposition of the book. This chapter introduces Mordecai and his adoptive daughter, Esther, whose beauty won the approval of the king Ahasuerus, and she was crowned the queen of Persia (verse 17). Given information from Mordecai, Esther warned the king of an assassination plan (verses 21–22), so that the would-be assassins were executed on the gallows, and the king owed Mordecai his life.

Susa
Susa (/ˈsuːsə/ SOO-sə) was an ancient city in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers in Iran. It represents the current city of Shush, located on the site of ancient Susa. One of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East, Susa served as the capital of Elam and the winter capital of the Achaemenid Empire, and remained a strategic centre during the Parthian and Sasanian periods.
2012 Bangladesh Premier League
The 2012 Bangladesh Premier League, also known as Destiny-Boishakhi BPL 2012 (for sponsorship reasons), was the inaugural season of the Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) established by the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB). The competition featured six franchises and used a tournament format with a double round robin group stage followed by two semi-finals and a final. The season began on 9 February with the final played on 29 February. The competition was won by Dhaka Gladiators.

Matches were held in Dhaka and Chittagong. The six franchises represented Dhaka, Barisal, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi and Sylhet divisions. The franchise auction was held on 10 January and the player auction took place on 18 and 19 January.

Dhaka Division
Dhaka Division (Bengali: ঢাকা বিভাগ, romanized: Ḍhaka Bibhag) is an administrative division of Bangladesh. Dhaka serves as the capital city of Dhaka Division, the Dhaka District and Bangladesh. The division remains a population magnet, and covers an area of 20,508.8 km2 with a population in excess of 44 million, it is one of the fastest growing populous administrative divisions of the world, growing at a rate of 1.94% since prior count, compared with the national average of 1.22%. However, national figures may include data skewing expatriation of male labor force as gender ratio is skewed towards females.

Dhaka Division borders every other division in the country except Rangpur Division. It is bounded by Mymensingh Division to the north, Barisal Division to the south, Chittagong Division to the east and south-east, Sylhet Division to the north-east, and Rajshahi Division to the west and Khulna Divisions to the south-west.
Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)
The Anglo-Russian War was a war between the United Kingdom and the Russian Empire which lasted from 2 September 1807 to 18 July 1812 during the Napoleonic Wars. It began after Russia signed the Treaty of Tilsit with the First French Empire, which ended hostilities between the two nations. During the war, actual military engagements were limited primarily to minor naval actions in the Baltic Sea and Barents Sea.

Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (Russian: Архангельск, pronounced [ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over 40 kilometres (25 mi) along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703, when it was replaced by the newly founded Saint Petersburg.

A 1,133-kilometer-long (704 mi) railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl, and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and the smaller Vaskovo Airport. As of the 2021 Census, the city's population was 301,199.