hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rev. Thomas Hill House
The Rev. Thomas Hill House is a historic house in Waltham, Massachusetts. The 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house was built in 1845 for the noted clergyman (and later president of Harvard University) Thomas Hill. He was resident at the house while he served as minister of Waltham's First Parish, and for two other periods before his death in 1891.  The house is a transitional Greek Revival-Italianate structure, three bays wide, with a side-gable roof that has bracketed eaves.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

First Parish Church (Waltham, Massachusetts)
The First Parish Church is a historic church at 50 Church Street in Waltham, Massachusetts, whose Unitarian Universalist congregation has a history dating to c. 1696.  The current meeting house was built in 1933 after a fire destroyed the previous building (the congregation's third) on the same site.  It is a Classical Revival structure designed by the nationally known Boston firm of Allen & Collens.  The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
Raphael Carl Lee
Raphael Lee (born 1949) is an American surgeon, biomedical engineer and inventor. He is the Paul and Allene Russell Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago  and Director of Renacyte BioMolecular Technologies, Inc.

Biomedical Engineering Society
BMES (the Biomedical Engineering Society) is the professional society for students, faculty, researchers and industry working in the broad area of biomedical engineering. BMES is the leading biomedical engineering society in the United States and was founded on February 1, 1968 "to promote the increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization."  There are 7,000 members in 2018.

Since 1972, the society has published an academic journal, the Annals of Biomedical Engineering (online archive).
Daniel Clasen
Daniel Clasen, in Latin Danielis Clasenius or Clasenus (1 May 1622, Lüneburg – 20 November 1678, Helmstedt), was a German political theorist, religious scholar, and classicist.

His treatises, written in Latin, dealt with law, jurisprudence, religion, and politics. Clasen was one of the earliest theorists of political religion, though preceded by Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639), and argued against accommodation theory.

Clasen was a major mythographer of the 17th century, and wrote commentaries on classical texts such as the so-called Tablet of Cebes (Cebetis Tabula vitae humanae), for which he provided a Latin translation.

Helmstedt
Helmstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛlmˌʃtɛt] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Helmstidde) is a town on the eastern edge of the German state of Lower Saxony. It is the capital of the District of Helmstedt. The historic university and Hanseatic city conserves an important monumental heritage of Romanesque and Renaissance buildings, as well as numerous timber framed houses. During the German partition the nearby Bundesautobahn 2 was the site of the Helmstedt–Marienborn border crossing, the most important on the former inner German border as starting point of the shortest land route between West Germany and West Berlin.
Anti-Jacobin Review
The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine, or, Monthly Political and Literary Censor, was a British conservative political journal active from 1798 to 1821. Founded by John Gifford after the cancellation of William Gifford's periodical Anti-Jacobin, the journal contained essays, reviews, and satirical engravings. Its content has been described as "often scurrilous" and "ultra-Tory" and was a prominent element of British hostility to Jacobinism and the broader ideals of the French Revolution.

Ultra-Tories
The Ultra-Tories were an Anglican faction of British and Irish politics that appeared in the 1820s in opposition to Catholic emancipation.  The faction was, in the twenty-first century, called the "extreme right-wing" of British and Irish politics.

The Ultra-Tories faction broke away from the governing party in 1829 after the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829. Many of those labelled Ultra-Tory rejected the label and saw themselves as upholders of the Whig Revolution settlement of 1689.

The Ultra-Tories were defending "a doctrine essentially similar to that which ministerial Whigs had held since the days of Burnet, Wake, Gibson and Potter".
Staatsbank der DDR
The State Bank of the GDR (German: Staatsbank der DDR) was the central bank of East Germany. It was established on 1 January 1968 from the Deutsche Notenbank and took over the majority of the same tasks.

The State Bank of the GDR was responsible for the administration of the internal account settlement and banking system, the issue of money and control of money circulation within the GDR, administration of the exchange control regulations and settlement of foreign currency accounts with overseas companies and governments (Zahlungsverkehr by transfer). In addition, the bank bought and sold financial securities and administered the purchase, sale and holding of precious metals for foreign exchange purposes.

The state bank was also responsible for the account processing of the state institutions and state enterprises, (Volkseigener Betrieb), having at least one main branch in each of the 15 administrative subdivisions of the German Democratic Republic.

Administrative divisions of East Germany
The administrative divisions of the German Democratic Republic (commonly referred to as East Germany) were constituted in two different forms during the country's history. The GDR first retained the traditional German division into federated states called Länder, but in 1952 they were replaced with districts called Bezirke. Immediately before German reunification in 1990, the Länder were restored, but they were not effectively reconstituted until after reunification had completed.
Brusnica, Gornji Milanovac
Brusnica (Serbian Cyrillic: Брусница) is a village in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 650 people.

The village was active in the Serbian Revolution, being organized into the knežina (administrative unit) of Brusnica (Takovo) during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13). Among notable local revolutionaries were the Obrenović family (Milan, Jovan, Miloš), buljubaša Milovan Stanojčić, Jovan Ponjavić, Vujadin Oputa, Rale Mijailov Oputić, and merchant Miloje.

Municipalities and cities of Serbia
The municipalities and cities (Serbian: општине и градови / opštine i gradovi) are the first-level administrative division and the basic level of local government of Serbia. The country is divided into 145 municipalities and 29 cities.

Municipalities and cities form 29 administrative districts, except the City of Belgrade which is not part of any district.
Doug Graber
Douglas Graber (born September 26, 1944) is an American former football coach. He graduated from Wayne State University (1966) in Detroit, Michigan. He began his coaching career at St. Frances Cabrini Elementary School and High School in Allen Park, Michigan. He served as the head football coach at Montana State University in 1982 and at Rutgers University – New Brunswick from 1990 to 1995, compiling a career college football record of 35–41–1. Graber was also the head coach of the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europe from 2001 to 2003. He led the Galaxy to an overall record of 16–15, including a World Bowl XI championship.

Rutgers University–New Brunswick
Rutgers University–New Brunswick is the flagship campus of Rutgers University, a public land-grant research university consisting of three major campuses in New Jersey. It is located primarily in New Brunswick and Piscataway. It is the oldest campus of the university, the others being in Camden and Newark. The New Brunswick campus is composed of several smaller campuses that are some distances away from each other: College Avenue, Busch, Livingston, Cook, and Douglass, the latter two sometimes referred to as "Cook/Douglass", as they are adjacent and intertwined. All of these campuses lie along State Route 18. Rutgers–New Brunswick also includes several buildings in downtown New Brunswick. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The New Brunswick campuses include 19 undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools.
Christine Valmy
Christine Valmy (October 25, 1926 – January 18, 2015) was a Romanian-American esthetician, consultant, and entrepreneur known as a pioneer in the fields of skin care and esthetics in the United States. Valmy founded the first esthetician school in the United States in 1965, and is widely credited as one of the most influential figures in modern aesthetics.

Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans (Romanian: români americani) are Americans who have Romanian ancestry. According to the 2023 American Community Survey, 425,738 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry, however other sources provide higher estimates, which are most likely more accurate, for the numbers of Romanian Americans in the contemporary United States; for example, the Romanian-American Network supplies a rough estimate of 1.2 million who are fully or partially of Romanian ethnicity. There is also a significant number of people of Romanian Jewish ancestry, estimated at 225,000.
Esquemas
Esquemas (English: Schemes) is the second studio album by American singer Becky G. It was released on May 13, 2022, through Kemosabe, RCA Records and Sony Music Latin. It is Gomez's first album in three years, after Mala Santa (2019). Esquemas is primarily a Latin and pop rock album, focusing more on dance-pop and R&B sounds.

Latin music
Latin music (Portuguese and Spanish: música latina) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America, which encompasses Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the Latino population in Canada and the United States, as well as music that is sung in either Spanish or Portuguese. It may also include music from other territories where Spanish- and Portuguese-language music is made.
Head Banger (EPMD song)
"Head Banger", also "Headbanger", is the second single released from EPMD's fourth album, Business Never Personal.

The song, which was produced by member Erick Sermon, featured verses from K-Solo and Redman, both members of EPMD's rap collective, the Hit Squad. The single became a minor hit on both the R&B and rap charts. peaking at 75 on the Hot R&B Singles chart and 11 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. The song used three samples, Parliament's "One Of Those Funky Thangs", Joe Tex's "Papa Was Too" and Brand Nubian's "Slow Down", and was later sampled itself by the Ruff Ryders on "Ryde or Die", which served as the opening song on their debut album, Ryde or Die Vol. 1. This was EPMD's final release before disbanding, eventually returning five years later in 1997.

EPMD
EPMD is an American hip hop duo from Brentwood, New York. The duo's name is an initialism for "Erick and Parrish Making Dollars", referring to its members: emcees Erick Sermon ("E" a.k.a. E Double) and Parrish Smith ("PMD" a.k.a. Parrish Mic Doc). During an interview on college radio station WHOV in 1987, Parrish Smith stated that the name evolved from the original: "We were originally known as "EEPMD" (Easy Erick and Parrish the Microphone Doctor), but chose to go with EPMD because it was easier to say." He also stated that they dropped the two "E's" because N.W.A's Eric Wright was already using "Eazy-E" as his stage name. The group has been active for 39 years (minus two breakups in 1993 and 1999).
David Klingberg
David John Klingberg AO is a South Australian businessman, civil engineer and former Chancellor of the University of South Australia (1998–2008).

Between 1986 and 1998, Klingberg was managing director of engineering firm Kinhill Ltd. Klingberg is also a former director of Codan Ltd, Barossa Infrastructure Ltd, Snowy Hydro Ltd and former chair of the Premier's Climate Change Council in South Australia.

Klingberg was a director of Eyre Iron Pty Ltd, when it sought to develop the Fusion Magnetite Project circa 2011-13.

As of 2015 Klingberg is a director of ASX listed companies E&A and Centrex Metals Ltd. Klingberg is chair of a technical sub-group working on the Australian Government's National Radioactive Waste Management Project. Klingberg is a patron of the Cancer Council of South Australia and the St Andrew's Hospital Foundation.

As of 2017, Klingberg is a member of the Committee of the SA Division of ATSE.

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
Amr (surname)
Amr (Arabic: عمرو) is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

F. D. Amr Bey (1910- ?), Egyptian diplomat and squash player

Mohamed Kamel Amr (born 1942), Egyptian diplomat

Nabil Amr (born 1947), Palestinian politician

Mohamed Kamel Amr
Mohamed Kamel Amr (Arabic: محمد کامل عمرو; born 1 December 1942) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who served as Egypt's Minister of Foreign Affairs between 2011 and 2013. He resigned from office on 30 June 2013.
Henry Kater (politician)
Henry Edward Kater (20 September 1841 – 23 September 1924) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Bungarabee near Penrith to pastoralist Henry Herman Kater, later a miller and cloth manufacturer, and Eliza Charlotte Darvall. He worked as a junior clerk in Mudgee before acquiring land on the Castlereagh River in 1863, which he then sold. He worked at Wellington as a flour miller. In 1870 married Mary Eliza Forster, daughter of Premier William Forster, with whom he had one son, Norman. In 1879 he settled in Moss Vale, where he became a businessman and pastoralist. In 1888 he was elected to the  Council of the Municipal District of Moss Vale.

He was nominated to the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1889 by Premier George Dibbs, but he did not profess loyalty to either the Protectionist or Free Trade parties and was regarded as an independent. Kater remained in the Council until his death in 1924.

His son Norman also served on the Legislative Council.

Protectionist Party
The Protectionist Party, also known as the Protectionist Liberal Party or Liberal Protectionist Party, was an Australian political party, formally organised from 1887 until 1909, with policies centred on protectionism. The party advocated protective tariffs, arguing it would allow Australian industry to grow and provide employment. It had its greatest strength in Victoria and in the rural areas of New South Wales. Its most prominent leaders were Sir Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, who were the first and second prime ministers of Australia.
Technical defense
A technical defense is one used by a defendant to seek acquittal based on the technicalities of the law. It is in contrast to a political defense which seeks to use political arguments to persuade a jury to nullify. Sometimes the desire to convince a jury on political and moral grounds is so strong that political defendants will reject a potent technical defense.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Menzies Campbell
Walter Menzies "Ming" Campbell, Baron Campbell of Pittenweem (/ˈmɪŋɪs/; 22 May 1941 – 26 September 2025), was a Scottish politician, advocate and athlete. A senior figure in the Liberal Democrats, he served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Fife from 1987 to 2015 and led the party from 2006 to 2007. He held prominent frontbench roles in foreign affairs and defence, and was deputy leader under Charles Kennedy.

Before entering politics, Campbell was a distinguished sprinter, captaining the Great Britain athletics team in the mid-1960s and holding the British 100 metre record from 1967 to 1974. He studied law at the University of Glasgow and Stanford University, and was called to the Scottish Bar, later becoming Queen's Counsel.

Campbell was appointed Chancellor of the University of St Andrews in 2006 and made a life peer in 2015, serving in both roles until his death in 2025.

Liberal Democrat Foreign Affairs spokesperson
The Liberal Democrat Foreign Affairs spokesperson is the spokesperson for the Liberal Democrats, a British political party, on matters relating to the work of the Foreign Secretary and Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The office holder is a member of the Liberal Democrat frontbench team. The post exists when the Liberal Democrats are in opposition, but not when they in government, for example during the Cameron–Clegg coalition.
Vitebsk, Voronezh Oblast
Vitebsk (Russian: Ви́тебск) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Vitebskoye Rural Settlement, Podgorensky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 215 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Podgorensky District
Podgorensky District  (Russian: Подго́ренский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,579 square kilometers (610 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Podgorensky. Population: 23,123 (2021 Census); 27,340 (2010 Census); 29,563 (2002 Census); 31,827 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 24.8% of the district's total population.
Balzar, Ecuador
Balzar is a city located in northern Guayas Province, Ecuador, on the Daule River, near Los Ríos Province. It is the seat of Balzar Canton, and the agricultural center in northern Guayas.

As of the census of 2022, the city had a population of 32,744.

The most important river is the Daule River, used for transportation. Agriculture is the main activity. Rice, coffee and tobacco are the most important products. Balzar is famous throughout Ecuador for the tall tree located at the end of the main road. Balzar became a canton on September 26, 1903

1°22′S 79°54′W﻿ / ﻿1.36°S 79.90°W﻿ / -1.36; -79.90

Canton (administrative division)
A canton is a type of administrative division of a country.  In general, cantons are relatively small in terms of area and population when compared with other administrative divisions, such as counties, departments, or provinces. Internationally, the most politically important cantons are the Swiss cantons. As the constituents of the Swiss Confederation, theoretically and historically, they are semi-sovereign states.

The term is derived from the French word canton, meaning "corner" or "district" (from which "cantonment" is also derived).
Chachapoya language
Chachapoya, or Chacha, is the presumed language of the Chachapoya culture. It may have been one of the Cahuapanan languages. The Chachapoya, originally from the region of Kuelap to the east of the Marañón, were conquered by the Inca shortly before the Spanish conquest, and many were deported after the Inca Civil War. They sided with the Spanish and achieved independence for a time, but were then deported again by the Spanish, whereupon most died of introduced disease. The language is essentially unattested apart from toponyms and several hundred family names.

Kuélap
Kuélap or Cuélap is a walled settlement located in the mountains near the towns of María and Tingo, in the southern part of the region of Amazonas, Peru. It was built by the Chachapoyas culture in the 6th century AD on a ridge overlooking the Utcubamba Valley.
Matthew I Csák
Matthew (I) from the kindred Csák (Hungarian: Csák nembeli (I.) Máté; Slovak: Matúš Čák I; ? – 1245/1249) was a powerful Hungarian baron of king Béla IV, the first known member of the Trencsén branch of the gens (clan) Csák. His grandson was the oligarch Matthew III Csák.

Master of the stewards
The master of the stewards or master of the table (German: Königliche Obertruchsess, Hungarian: étekfogómester, and Latin: dapiferorum regalium magistri or magister dapiferorum) was one of the high officials of the royal household in the Kingdom of Hungary. Masters of the steward were included among the "true barons" of the realm from around 1220.
2023 Golden Gate Open
The 2023 Golden Gate Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. This tournament was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2023 WTA 125 tournaments. The first edition took place at the Taube Tennis Center from August 13 to 19, 2023 in Stanford, United States.

Claire Liu
Claire Liu (Chinese: 刘婧文; pinyin: Liú Jìngwén; born May 25, 2000) is an American professional tennis player. On 30 January 2023, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 52.

Liu has won one singles title and one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as six titles in singles and one doubles title on the ITF Women's Circuit.

In 2017, she was the world No. 1 in the junior rankings, after winning the Wimbledon girls' singles title, and finishing runner-up at the French Open. Liu also won a junior Grand Slam doubles title at Wimbledon with Usue Arconada in 2016.
Acanthothecis rimosa
Acanthothecis rimosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected from the Pedra Talhada private area in Quebrangulo (Alagoas) at an elevation between 500 and 700 m (1,600 and 2,300 ft). The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, mineral-grey thallus lacking a cortex, and also lacking a surrounding prothallus. The asci contain two spores. The ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid, and measure 45–53 by 13–16 μm; they have 15–19 transverse and 3–4 longitudinal septa. Stictic acid, a lichen product, is found in the lichen and is detectable using thin-layer chromatography.

Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally, the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae.

The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs.