hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Budzów, Łódź Voivodeship
Budzów [ˈbud͡zuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Żytno, 28 km (17 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 100 km (62 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
Dale Ferguson (designer)
Dale Ferguson is an Australian theatrical scenic and costume designer who was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Costume Design, the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design, and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design for the 2009 Broadway revival of Exit the King.

Tony Award for Best Scenic Design
This is a list of winners and nominations for the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design for outstanding set design of a play or musical. The award was first presented in 1947. In 1960, 1961, and since 2005, the category was divided into Scenic Design in a Play and Scenic Design in a Musical with each genre receiving its own award.
Jamie Shewchuk
Jamie Shewchuk (born August 5, 1985 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a lacrosse player on the Colorado Mammoth. Shewchuk was the Colorado Mammoth's number 25 overall pick for the 2006 draft.

During the 2007 season, Shewchuk was named Rookie of the Week for week 6, and was also named to the All-Rookie team.

After four years in Colorado, Shewchuk was traded during the 2011 season along with a 2012 draft pick to the Minnesota Swarm for Tim Campeau and a 2011 draft pick. Shewchuk finished the 2011 season in Minnesota, but returned to the Mammoth for the 2012 season. After missing the 2013 season, Shewchuk was again signed by the Mammoth for 2014.

Shewchuk is also an instructor at the US Box Lacrosse Academy.

National Lacrosse League Weekly Awards
In the 1994 season, the National Lacrosse League (then called the Major Indoor Lacrosse League) began naming a Player of the Week. The first recipient was Buffalo Bandits legend John Tavares.

In 2002, the league renamed the award to Overall Player of the Week, and added weekly awards for Offensive Player of the Week, Defensive Player of the Week, and Rookie of the Week. In 2007, another new award was added, Transition Player of the Week.
Homburger
Homburger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Freddy Homburger (1916–2001), Swiss-born oncologist

Henry Homburger (1902–1950), American bobsledder and civil engineer

Paul Homburger (1882-1965), German-born lawyer, banker, and art collector

Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994), American child psychoanalyst. Changed name to Erikson as an adult.

Bankhaus Veit L. Homburger. Bank in Karlsruhe, Germany

Homburger AG. Law firm in Zurich, Switzerland

Henry Homburger
Henry Anton Homburger (December 2, 1902 – September 14, 1950) was an American bobsledder who competed in the early 1930s.

He was born in New York City and died in Sacramento.

At the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid he won the silver medal in the four-man event.

A civil engineer by profession, Homburger was also responsible for the design of the bobsleigh track used for those Winter Olympics; he also did engineer work for Saranac Lake architect William G. Distin in the design of the Olympic Arena in Lake Placid.
Trendelenburg's sign
Trendelenburg's sign  is found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip, namely gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.  It is named after the German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg. It is often incorrectly referenced as the Trendelenburg test which is a test for vascular insufficiency in the lower extremities.

Trendelenburg test
The Trendelenburg Test or Brodie–Trendelenburg test  is a test which can be carried out as part of a physical examination to determine the competency of the valves in the superficial and deep veins of the legs in patients with varicose veins.
Originators of the Northern Darkness – A Tribute to Mayhem
Originators of the Northern Darkness is a tribute album to the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem, with contributions from some of the leading bands in the black metal and death metal scenes. All the songs were recorded between 1998 and 2000 in various locations, and the album was released on CD in 2001 by Avantgarde Music. In addition to the regular CD, a limited edition CD in black leather was also released. The album was re-released on digipack CD in 2007 by Peaceville.

Mayhem discography
This is a comprehensive discography of Mayhem, a black metal band formed in 1984 in Oslo, Norway. Mayhem has released seven studio albums, five live albums, two EPs, six demos and singles, three compilation albums and four video albums.
Anatoli Yatskov
Anatoly Antonovich Yatskov (Russian: Анатолий Антонович Яцков; 18 May [O.S. 31 May] 1913 – 26 March 1993), also known as Anatoli Yatzkov (alias in the U.S. Anatoly Yakovlev) – was a Soviet consul in New York as well as an NKVD foreign intelligence officer handling American agents and couriers linked to the U.S. Manhattan Project during WWII. His spy cover was eventually blown by the U.S. Army Venona Program which identified him as a key NKVD spymaster involved in the 1940s Atomic Spy Ring.

Consulate General of Russia, New York City
The Consulate General of Russia in New York City is the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation in New York City. Opened in 1994, the consulate is located at 9 East 91st Street in the former John Henry Hammond House on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.  A consulate of the former Soviet Union had previously existed on East 61st Street from 1933 until 1948.
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Fresh Meat
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Fresh Meat is the 12th season of the MTV reality game show, The Challenge (at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge).

Fresh Meat is the first season to include previously unknown contestants as part of the cast. Previous to Fresh Meat, all seasons functioned solely by the program's trademark: strictly using contestants that were previously cast on past seasons of The Real World or Road Rules.

Filmed in Australia, Fresh Meat featured two-player teams; each team had an alumnus of The Real World or Road Rules partnered with a newcomer to the series (collectively known as the "Fresh Meat"). A launch special aired May 22, 2006, a week before the season premiere.

This is the first edition of the Fresh Meat series, with Fresh Meat II following in 2010.

Dollar
Dollar (/dɒlər/) is the name of more than 25 currencies. The United States dollar, named after the international currency known as the Spanish dollar, was established in 1792 and is the first so named that still survives. Others include the Australian dollar, Brunei dollar, Canadian dollar, Eastern Caribbean dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Jamaican dollar, Liberian dollar, Namibian dollar, New Taiwan dollar, New Zealand dollar, Singapore dollar, Trinidad and Tobago dollar, and several others. The symbol for most of those currencies is the dollar sign $; the same symbol is used by many countries using peso currencies.

The name 'dollar' originates from the tolar which was the name of a 29-gram (1.0 oz) silver coin called the Joachimsthaler minted in 1519 in the western part of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). The word thaler itself comes from the German word Thal, i.e. 'valley'.
Collingwood Stockade
Collingwood Stockade was a penal stockade in modern-day Carlton North, Victoria, Australia. It was built in 1853 and was in use until 1866 when it was converted into an asylum, which then closed in 1873. The stockade no longer exists but the area has several reminders of it, including the Stockade Hotel on Nicholson Street and Lee St Primary School which is built on the site of the old stockade buildings.

Nicholson Street
Nicholson Street is a street in inner Melbourne. It is named after William Nicholson, who is remembered as the "father of the ballot".  He was also a member of the Legislative Council, and later became Premier of Victoria (from 1859-1860).
Kevin Minson
Kevin John Minson (born 5 May 1947) is an Australian former politician.

He was born in Port Hedland and was a farmer and dental surgeon before entering politics. In 1989 he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Greenough. He immediately won promotion to the front bench as Shadow Minister for Conservation, Land Management, Waterways and Midwest, and held a variety of shadow portfolios over the next term, as well as becoming Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 1990 to 1992. In 1993, with the Liberal Party's election victory, he became Minister for the Environment, Aboriginal Affairs and Disability Services, trading Environment for Works and Services in 1995 and later adding Mines in 1996. He stepped down from the front bench in 1997 and retired in 2001.

Port Hedland, Western Australia
Port Hedland (Kariyarra: Marapikurrinya) is the second largest town in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, with an urban population of 15,298 as of the 2021 census, including the satellite town of South Hedland, 18 kilometres (11 mi) away. It is also the site of the highest tonnage port in Australia.
Paąžuolė (Varėna)
Paąžuolė is a village in Kaniava eldership, Varėna district municipality, Alytus County, southeastern Lithuania. According to the 2001 census, the village had a population of 25 people. At the 2011 census, the population was 13.

The village was likely established at the end of the 18th century after the massive forest cuts.

Between World War I and World War II, Rytas Elementary School was situated in the village.

Kaniava Eldership
Kaniava Eldership (Lithuanian: Kaniavos seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the southern part of Varėna District Municipality. Part of the ethnographic Dainava region and is in proximity to the Dzūkija National Park. The eldership encompasses a number of villages, Kaniava, Rudnia, and Ūta.
Must-carry
In cable television, many governments, including the ones of the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, apply a must-carry regulation stating that forces a cable TV provider to carry the public interest programming, like locally licensed television stations, on a provider's system. In some countries, this "traditional" approach had been extended to the Internet information sources. Similar approach in other sectors, like telecommunications, is called universal service.

Public interest
In social science and economics, public interest is "the welfare  or well-being of the general public" and society.

While it has earlier philosophical roots and is considered to be at the core of democratic theories of government, often paired with two other concepts, convenience and necessity, it first became explicitly integrated into governance instruments in the early part of the 20th century.

The public interest was rapidly adopted and popularised by human rights lawyers in the 1960s and has since been incorporated into other fields such as journalism and technology.
North Salem, Missouri
North Salem is an unincorporated community in Linn County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is on a county road approximately one mile (1.6 km) south of the Linn-Sullivan county line and Missouri Route O. Browning is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) west on Route O. West Yellow Creek flows past west of the location.

Sullivan County, Missouri
Sullivan County is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,999. Its county seat is Milan. The county was organized February 14, 1845, and named for Major General John Sullivan of the American Revolutionary War.
Hunters Hill High School
Hunters Hill High School (HHHS) is a public, secondary, co-educational day school, located in Hunters Hill. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on the Lane Cove River, near the Fig Tree Bridge.

HHHS was established in 1958.  Today the school is a comprehensive high school catering for approximately 585 students from Years 7 to 12, with most residing in the Inner West and lower North Shore.

Hunters Hill High School is a school of the New South Wales Department of Education and prepares students for the School Certificate (Year 10), and the Higher School Certificate (Year 12).

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Arthur Teape
Arthur Stanley Teape (28 January 1843 – 1 March 1885) was an English first-class cricketer and barrister.

The son of Tobias Teape, he was born at Blackheath in January 1843. He was educated at Eton College, before going up to Exeter College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1863. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1866, making sixteen appearances. Playing as a right-arm roundarm fast bowler, he took 54 wickets in his sixteen matches, at an average of 11.26. He took five wickets in an innings on five occasions and took ten wickets in a match once. His best innings figures of 6 for 19 came against Cambridge University in The University Match of 1863.

A student of Lincoln's Inn, he was called to the bar as a barrister in June 1870. Teape died at Hampstead in March 1885. His brother, Charles, also played first-class cricket.

Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College (in full: The rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and the fourth-oldest college of the university.

The college was founded in 1314 by two brothers from Devon, Bishop Walter Stapledon and Sir Richard Stapledon, as an institution to educate clergy, and has been located on Turl Street since 1315. At its foundation Exeter was popular with sons of the Devon gentry, though it has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including Raymond Raikes, William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.
Philip Nelson (American football)
Philip Nelson (born September 11, 1993) is an American former football quarterback. He played for the San Diego Fleet of the Alliance of American Football (AAF) in 2019, and the Dallas Renegades of the XFL in 2020.

Alliance of American Football
The Alliance of American Football (AAF) was a professional American football minor league. The AAF consisted of eight centrally owned and operated teams in the southern and western United States, seven of which were located in metropolitan areas with at least one major professional sports franchise. It positioned itself as an "upper-level minor league" serving as a transition between the college game and the NFL.

Founded by Charlie Ebersol and Bill Polian in 2018, the AAF began play on February 9, 2019. The league was scheduled to have a 10-week regular season and conclude with a championship game on April 27. After eight weeks of play, however, the league's football operations were suspended by controlling owner Thomas Dundon on April 2. Two days later, the AAF allowed players to leave their contracts to sign with NFL teams. The AAF filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on April 17, 2019, with the league's sole season left incomplete.
Kōshin'etsu region
Kōshin'etsu (甲信越) is a subregion of the Chūbu region in Japan consisting of Yamanashi, Nagano, and Niigata prefectures.

The name Kōshin'etsu is a composite formed from the names of old provinces which are adjacent to each other — Kai (now Yamanashi), Shinano (now Nagano) and Echigo (now Niigata). The region is surrounded by the Sea of Japan to its north west, Hokuriku region to its west, Tōkai region to its south west, Kantō region to its south east, and Tōhoku region to its north east. The name for this geographic area is usually combined with Kantō region (as in "Kantō-Kōshin'etsu"); and it is sometimes combined with Hokuriku region (as in "Kantō-Kōshin'etsu-Hokuriku" or "Hokuriku-Kōshin'etsu").

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.
Tory Cave (Albany, New York)
The Tory Cave is a limestone cave in the Helderberg Escarpment geologic formation. Its name is based on a story from the American Revolution, where a Tory — a loyalist to the English monarchy — hid in the cave. According to some accounts Jacob Salsbury was a loyalist who reported to the British on rebel troop movements.

The cave is near the top of the escarpment.

Visually interesting ice stalagmites can be found in the cave, in springtime.
There are other caves in the region that do not develop stalagmites. According to Jim Gould, the author of Rooted in Rock, a partial rock fall blocks drafts that would have prevented the growth of large stalagmites.

Stalagmite
A stalagmite (UK: /ˈstæləɡˌmaɪt/, US: /stəˈlæɡmaɪt/; from Greek  σταλαγμίτης (stalagmítēs); from Ancient Greek  σταλαγμίας (stalagmías) 'dropping, trickling' and  -ίτης (-ítēs) 'one connected to, a member of')
is a type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of material deposited on the floor from ceiling drippings. Stalagmites are typically composed of calcium carbonate, but may consist of lava, mud, peat, pitch, sand, sinter, and amberat (crystallized urine of pack rats).

The corresponding formation hanging down from the ceiling of a cave is a stalactite.
Commerce (1797 ship)
Commerce was launched at Teignmouth in 1797. She was captured in 1799 while sailing from London to Oporto, recaptured, and captured again in 1800.

She first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1799 with Bibbins, master, Brine & Co., owners, and trade London-Lisbon.

In December 1799 near Oporto a privateer captured Commerce,  which was carrying a cargo of salt fish from Newfoundland to Oporto. On 27 December HMS Netley recaptured Commerce.

On 8 January 1800 Netley had to leave Commerce behind near the shore. Commerce had no usable sails, and the wind forced Netley to sail away from the shore. Commerce, Bibbins, master, was again captured. This time her captor sent her into Vigo.

The entry for Commerce in the Register of Shipping for 1800 carried the annotation "Captured".

Vigo
Vigo (Galician: [ˈbiɣʊ], locally [ˈbiħʊ]) is a city and municipality in Spain, in the autonomous community of Galicia in the province of Pontevedra, and the capital of the comarca of Vigo. Located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, the Ria de Vigo, the southernmost of the Rías Baixas.

The municipality, with an area of 109.06 km2 (42.11 sq mi) and a population of 295,523 in 2024 including rural parishes, is the most populous municipality in Galicia, and the 14th-most-populous in Spain. The area of the municipality includes the Cíes Islands, part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park.

Vigo is one of the region's primary economic agents, owing to the French Stellantis Vigo plant and to its port. Close to the Portugal–Spain border, Vigo is part of the Galicia–North Portugal Euroregion. The European Fisheries Control Agency is headquartered in Vigo.
Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft
Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft was a 2004 legal dispute between Microsoft and a Canadian Belmont High School  student named Mike Rowe, who was 17, over the domain name "MikeRoweSoft.com". Microsoft argued that their trademark had been infringed because of the phonetic resemblance between "Microsoft" and "MikeRoweSoft".

The case received international press attention following Microsoft's perceived heavy-handed approach to a 12th grade student's part-time web design business and the subsequent support that Rowe received from the online community. A settlement was eventually reached, with Rowe granting ownership of the domain to Microsoft in exchange for an Xbox and additional Microsoft products and services.

Web design
Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; user interface design (UI design); authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design (UX design); and search engine optimization. Often, many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all. The term "web design" is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing markup. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and be up to date with web accessibility guidelines.
Elisabeth Turhapuro
Elisabeth Unelma Turhapuro (née Tuura) is a fictional character played by Marjatta Raita in Finnish comedy films, the Uuno Turhapuro series, directed by Spede Pasanen and Ere Kokkonen. She is part of the cast who appear in all Uuno Turhapuro films and TV series. The exception being Uuno Turhapuron veli, where the main character Uuno Turhapuro played by Vesa-Matti Loiri did not appear. Uuno debuted in 1973 in a sketch on the Spede Show, as half of a still nameless couple who had a premature argument about how to use their lottery money. (This sketch was recycled in the film Rautakauppias Uuno Turhapuro - presidentin vävy.)

Elisabeth Turhapuro is only daughter of Councillor Tuura, the richest man in Finland, and the sharp, fiery and snapping wife of Uuno who has no sense of humor and often gets into arguments with him.

Uuno Turhapuro armeijan leivissä
Uuno Turhapuro armeijan leivissä (Uuno Turhapuro in the Army) is a 1984 Finnish comedy and the ninth film in the Uuno Turhapuro film series starring Vesa-Matti Loiri as the title character, Spede Pasanen as the potty-mouthed mechanic Härski Hartikainen, and Simo Salminen as their constant companion Sörsselssön. It is to date the highest-grossing Finnish comedy and not too surprisingly the most well known in the Turhapuro series. It remains Finland's most seen domestic film made since 1968. however the official statistics by the Finnish Film Foundation began in 1972, so all figures before that are estimates (although believed to be true). Thus this film is the most seen domestic film in the years with official statistical records (1972 - today), and 7th in the Top 20 of all time.