hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Chechen-Aul
The Battle of Chechen-Aul was an ambush conducted by Chechen rebels led by Aidemir Bardykhanov on the retreating Russian army led by Colonel Kokh on the 7th of July, 1732. It resulted in a major Chechen victory, the destruction of the Russian detachment, and the death of Khasbulat Bamatov, the senior Chechen prince. According to popular legends, the battle was the origin of the Chechen ethnonym.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
Rockcliffe Yacht Club
The Rockcliffe Yacht Club is a non-profit Yacht club based on the south shore of the Ottawa River near the Ottawa/Rockcliffe Airport in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada north of the Canada Aviation Museum. It is a 100-member “private co-op” style club.  The club originally was part of CFB Rockcliffe but changed to a private club in 1984.  The club is centred on a concrete ramp originally used to launch RCAF sea planes. The ramp extends 50 feet (15 m) into the water   as when the ramp was built, in the 1930s, the level of the Ottawa river was much lower.  In 1964, a dam was put across the Ottawa River for the Carillon Generating Station which raised the water level by 9 feet (2.7 m).  As a result, the Rockcliffe Yacht Club has one of the best launching ramps on the Ottawa river.

Carillon hydroelectric generating station
The Carillon generating station (in French: centrale de Carillon) is a hydroelectric power station on the Ottawa River near Carillon, Quebec, Canada. Built between 1959 and 1964, it is managed and operated by Hydro-Québec. It is a run-of-river generating station with an installed capacity of 752 megawatts (1,008,000 hp), a head of 17.99 meters (59.0 ft), and a reservoir of 26 square kilometers (10 sq mi). The dam spans the river between Carillon and Pointe-Fortune, Quebec.

Upon completion, the dam raised the water level by over 62 feet (19 m) at Carillon and over 9 feet (2.7 m) at Grenville.  This inundated the rapids of Long-Sault on the Ottawa River, transforming them into calm (deeper) water. The dam also includes a modern lock that facilitates traffic on the Ottawa River, superseding the Carillon Canal.
Adolph Sigfried von der Osten
Count Adolph Sigfried von der Osten (21 October 1726, Denmark – 2 January 1797) was a Danish diplomat of German descent. His father was Jacob Frants von der Osten (died 1739), whose family was Pomeranian. Adolph was born in Denmark and backed Danish nationalism. Christian VI of Denmark paid for him to travel abroad and he was cared for by Carl Adolph von Plessen when young. In 1783, he was made a knight of the Order of the Elephant.

Order of the Elephant
The Order of the Elephant (Danish: Elefantordenen) is a Danish order of chivalry and is Denmark's highest-ranked honour. It has origins in the 15th century, but has officially existed since 1693, and since the establishment of constitutional monarchy in 1849, is now almost exclusively used to honour royalty and heads of state.
Marine Air Control Squadron 8
Marine Air Control Squadron 8 (MACS-8) was a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control squadron. The squadron provided aerial surveillance and ground-controlled interception (GCI).  Originally formed in World War II as Air Warning Squadron 18 (AWS-18), the squadron served as a training and replacement unit until it was decommissioned in April 1947 as part of the post war drawdown of forces.  Reactivated in 1952 during the Korean War the squadron took part in numerous Far East deployments during the 1960s.  Transferred to Japan in 1969, the squadron was decommissioned in 1971 as the last Marine Corps units were departing South Vietnam.  They were last based at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa, Japan and fell under the command of Marine Air Control Group 18 (MACG-18) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1st MAW).

1st Marine Aircraft Wing
The 1st Marine Aircraft Wing is an aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps that serves as the Aviation Combat Element of the III Marine Expeditionary Force.  The wing is headquartered at Camp Foster on the island of Okinawa, Japan.  Activated in 1940, the wing has seen heavy combat operations during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.
Ayats
Ayats is the trading name of Carrocerías Ayats SA, a Spain-based coachbuilder. The company constructs a range of coach bodies on a variety of chassis, and also manufacture their own integral products. Their products are used throughout Europe. The company was established in 1905 by Mr. Juan Ayats in Arbúcies, a village in the Selva county of the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. This small town offered the advantage of being in the midst of a densely forested area ("Selva" means "forest" or "jungle" in Catalan), useful since the bodyworks were made of wood at the time. Ayats is one of several coachbuilders based in Arbúcies; others include Indcar (the oldest of them), Beulas,  Noge and Boari.

Ayats Bravos have been used for a number of years as the platform for specialist double deck coaches including open top buses and sleeper buses. The Ayats Bravo City was the first purpose-built open top low-floor tour bus, introduced by the worldwide sightseeing operator City Sightseeing.

Selva (comarca)
Selva (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsɛlβə]) is a coastal comarca (county) in the Girona region of Catalonia (Spain), located between the mountain range known as the Serralada Transversal or Puigsacalm and the Costa Brava (part of the Mediterranean coast). Following the Spanish province system, it is divided between the provinces of Girona and Barcelona, with Fogars de la Selva being part of Barcelona province and all other municipalities falling inside the Girona province.

Its capital, Santa Coloma de Farners, is no longer among its larger municipalities, with the coastal towns of Blanes and Lloret de Mar having far surpassed it in size. Selva borders the comarques of Maresme, Vallès Oriental, Osona, Garrotxa, Gironès, and Baix Empordà.
David David (fur trader)
David David (October 14, 1764 – November 30, 1824) was a Canadian fur trader, businessman, and militia officer. David David was born in Montreal to Lazarus David and Phebe Samuel; he was the first Jew born in the province of Quebec.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Lipoblastoma
Lipoblastoma is a type of rare, subcutaneous, benign, fatty tumor, found in infants, and children, more common in males with tendency of local recurrence. Local recurrence can happen in up to 80% of incompletely resected tumours. Therefore, complete surgical resection is required to prevent recurrence. It arises from embyronic white fat that is rapidly enlarging. Most common locations are at the trunk and extremities.

Types include:

Benign lipoblastomatosis, a tumor, also known as an embryonic lipoma, which usually occurs in children under three years old. This is the tumor of brown fat cells.

Myxoid lipoblastoma, a cutaneous condition characterized by excess mucin

Mucin
Mucins (/ˈmjuːsɪn/) are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins (glycoconjugates) produced by epithelial tissues in most animals. Mucins' key characteristic is their ability to form gels; therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell signalling to forming chemical barriers. They often take an inhibitory role. Some mucins are associated with controlling mineralization, including nacre formation in mollusks, calcification in echinoderms and bone formation in vertebrates. They bind to pathogens as part of the immune system. Overexpression of the mucin proteins, especially MUC1, is associated with many types of cancer.

Although some mucins are membrane-bound due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favors retention in the plasma membrane, most mucins are secreted as principal components of mucus by mucous membranes or are secreted to become a component of saliva.
Pinwherry
Pinwherry is a hamlet in the civil parish of Colmonell, in the council area of South Ayrshire, Scotland. It is 8 miles south of Girvan. In 1961 it had a population of 100. The hamlet contains the 16th century Pinwherry Castle.

Girvan
Girvan (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Gharbhain, "mouth of the River Girvan") is a burgh and harbour town in Carrick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Girvan is situated on the east coast of the Firth of Clyde, with a population of about 6,450. It lies 21 miles (34 km) south of Ayr, and 29 miles (47 km) north of Stranraer, the main ferry port from Scotland to Northern Ireland.

Deriving its name from the river which runs through the landscape the etymology of Girvan has possible Brythonic origins, related to the Welsh: Gearafon or Gwyrddafon, "river flowing through the green flourishing place, from afon or avon, a river, and Gwyrdd, green, flourishing".
Maja Åskag
Maja Åskag (born 18 December 2002) is a Swedish athlete who specializes in the triple jump and long jump. She was the gold medallist in both events at the World U20 Championships in Nairobi 2021, as well as at the European U20 Championships in Tallinn the same year, having completed a jumps 'double double'.

Former handball player Tomas Svensson is her paternal uncle and his son football player Max Svensson is her cousin.

European Athletics U20 Championships
The European Athletics U20 Championships (formerly named the European Athletics Junior Championships up to 2015) are the European championships for athletes who are under-20 athletes, which is the age range recognised by World Athletics as junior athletes. The event is currently organized by the European Athletic Association.
Sadie Docherty
Sadie Docherty (née Boyle; born 6 June 1956) is a Scottish politician who served as Lord Provost of Glasgow from 2012 to 2017.

She belongs to the Labour Party and previously sat as a councillor for Ward 1, Linn. She worked as a manager for the Glasgow Housing Association prior to becoming Lord Provost.

Docherty was born in the Gorbals area of Glasgow to Patrick and Margaret Boyle. At age 2, the family moved to Castlemilk. She was educated at Dougrie Terrace Primary School and St Margaret Mary's Secondary School before studying Public Administration at the Glasgow College of Technology  and Scottish Local Authority Management at the University of Strathclyde.

Gorbals
The Gorbals is an area in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, and former burgh, on the south bank of the River Clyde. By the late 19th century, it had become densely populated; rural migrants and immigrants were attracted by the new industries and employment opportunities of Glasgow. At its peak during the 1930s, the wider Gorbals district (which includes the directly adjoined localities of Laurieston and Hutchesontown) had risen in population to an estimated 90,000 residents, giving the area a very high population density of around 40,000/km2.

Redevelopment after the Second World War has taken many turns, and the area's population is substantially smaller in the 21st century. The wider Gorbals area was once home to 16 high-rise public housing apartment blocks built in the 1960s and 1970s; now only four remain standing in the Waddell Court area of the Gorbals after the 2025 demolition of the 24 storey Caledonia road high rise flats.
Kutno Rose Festival
The Rose Festival is an annual exhibition of roses and florist arrangements which takes place in Kutno, Poland.

The event takes place according to tradition on the first (sometimes second) weekend of September. The first exhibition took place in 1974. The exhibition is accompanied by gardening and firms bazaars, fairs on area of the city and concerts. In 2009 the automobile Rally of the Rose had its premiere.

Roses and other flowers come from breeders of Łódź province while floristic arrangements are prepared by florists from Poland and elsewhere, for instance Russia, Latvia or Lithuania.

Dżem
Dżem is a blues rock band formed in Tychy, Poland. Ryszard Riedel, one of the most famous vocalists from Poland, worked with the band. Their songs include: "Czerwony jak cegła" (Red as a Brick), "Whisky", "Wehikuł czasu" (Time Machine), "Sen o Victorii" (Dream about Victoria), "Harley mój" (My Harley), "Mała aleja róż" (Little Rose Avenue), "Naiwne pytania" (Sappy questions), "List do M." (Letter to M.) and many more. They were the back-up band for Eric Clapton's concert in Gdynia on 14 August 2008.
Rural Municipality of Hillsburg
The Rural Municipality of Hillsburg is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on November 19, 1912. It ceased on January 1, 2015, as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Shell River and the Town of Roblin to form the Municipality of Hillsburg – Roblin – Shell River.

The Valley River 63A Indian reserve lied on its east side. About 30 percent of the former RM lied within Duck Mountain Provincial Forest.

2015 Manitoba municipal amalgamations
The 2015 municipal amalgamations in Manitoba was the result of new legislation (Municipal Amalgamations Act) in the province that required a minimum population threshold of 1,000 people in order to incorporate a municipality.

To meet this new threshold, Manitoba's smaller municipalities—those with a population of less than 1,000—merged with one or more neighbouring municipalities by 2015.
Dartmouth III
Dartmouth III is a ferry that served the Halifax–Dartmouth route in Nova Scotia from 1978 to 2016.
After the ferry was retired, it was put up for auction, and bought by a Toronto company for service in Toronto.

Halifax–Dartmouth Ferry Service
44°38′59″N 63°34′17″W﻿ / ﻿44.64972°N 63.57139°W﻿ / 44.64972; -63.57139

The Halifax–Dartmouth Ferry is the oldest saltwater ferry in North America, and the second oldest in the world (after the Mersey Ferry linking Liverpool and Birkenhead). Today the service is operated by Halifax Transit and links Downtown Halifax with two locations, Alderney Landing and Woodside, in Dartmouth, NS.
Weyib River
Weyib River (also Webi Gestro; Wabē Gestro or Webi River) is a river of eastern Ethiopia. It rises in the Bale Mountains east of Goba in the Oromia Region, flowing east to pass through the Sof Omar Caves, then to the southeast until it joins the Ganale Dorya River in the Somali Region.

Somali Region
The Somali Region (Somali: Dawlad Deegaanka Soomaalida, Amharic: ሱማሌ ክልል, romanized: Sumalē Kilil, Arabic: المنطقة الصومالية), also known as Soomaali Galbeed (lit. 'Western Somalia') and officially the Somali Regional State, is a regional state in eastern Ethiopia. It is the second largest region of Ethiopia in terms of area. The state borders the Ethiopian regions of Afar and Oromia to the west, as well as Djibouti to the north, Somaliland to the northeast, Somalia to the east and south; and Kenya to the southwest. Jijiga is the capital of the state.

The Somali regional government is composed of the executive branch, led by the President; the legislative branch, which comprises the State Council; and the judicial branch, which is led by the State Supreme Court.
Sweet Bird of Youth (1989 film)
Sweet Bird of Youth (also known as Tennessee Williams' Sweet Bird of Youth) is a 1989 American made-for-television drama film directed by Nicolas Roeg, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Mark Harmon. Adapted from the 1959 Tennessee Williams play of the same name by Gavin Lambert, it focuses on the relationship between drifter Chance Wayne and faded movie star Alexandra Del Lago.

Vagrancy
Vagrancy is the condition of wandering homelessness without regular employment or income. Vagrants usually live in poverty and support themselves by travelling while engaging in begging,  scavenging, or petty theft. In Western countries, vagrancy was historically a crime punishable with forced labor, military service, imprisonment, or confinement to dedicated labor houses.

Both vagrant and vagabond ultimately derive from the Latin word  vagari, meaning "to wander". The term vagabond and its archaic equivalent vagabone come from Latin vagabundus ("strolling about"). In Middle English, vagabond originally denoted a person without a home or employment.
Amarna letter EA 100
Amarna letter EA 100, titled: "The City of Irqata to the King" is a short to moderate-length clay tablet Amarna letter from the city-state of Irqata, (modern Arqa, Lebanon), written during the Middle Babylonian Period to the Pharaoh of Egypt. Only one other city sent a clay tablet Amarna letter to the Pharaoh, namely Tunip, letter EA 59, titled: "From the Citizens of Tunip".

The letter concerns the "watch-guarding" of Irqata, regional warfare (with the Habiru/'Apiru), and the city's continued protection, and loyalty to the Egyptian Pharaoh. The letter implies their loyalty, their constant vigilance, and need for assistance from the Pharaoh, either implied by troop needs, or at least awareness from the Pharaoh, of their needs.

EA 100 is located at the British Museum, no 29825. Tablet letter EA 100 can be viewed here: Obverse: , Reverse: .

Na (cuneiform)
The cuneiform na sign is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for na, and an alphabetic sign used for n, or a; it is common in both the Epic of Gilgamesh over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters. In the Epic of Gilgamesh it also has sumerogramic (capital letter (majuscule)) usage for NA. One such use of NA.GAD in the Epic (also LÚ.NA.GAD, and the plural LÚ.NA.GAD.MEŠ), for Akkadian language "nāqidu", "herdsman". The usage for NA in herdsman is only for 3 spellings.

One reason for its commodity (na is the second-most commonly found cuneiform, exceeded only by a) is due to its usage in the phrase a-na (Akkadian language "ana") -, which had a usage in English akin to: to, for, by, of, and at. It is also a component for the Akkadian language preposition: i-na (ina), meaning: in, into, by, etc..

The na sign usage from the Epic of Gilgamesh is as follows: na-(736 times), NA-(24).
Cravens
Cravens Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Limited  was a railway rolling stock builder in the Darnall district of Sheffield, England. Founded by brothers named Craven and known as Craven Brothers, later Cravens Limited, it remained a family business until John Brown & Company acquired a controlling shareholding in 1919. Its name was changed back to Cravens Limited in 1954 when it finally became a wholly owned subsidiary of John Brown.

Railway Preservation Society of Ireland
The Railway Preservation Society of Ireland (RPSI) is a railway preservation group founded in 1964 and operating throughout Ireland. Mainline steam train railtours are operated from Dublin, while short train rides are operated up and down the platform at Whitehead, County Antrim, and as of 2023, the group sometimes operates mainline trains in Northern Ireland using hired-in NIR diesel trains from Belfast. The RPSI has bases in Dublin and Whitehead, with the latter having a museum. The society owns heritage wagons, carriages, steam engines, diesel locomotives and metal-bodied carriages suitable for mainline use.
Skrunda Parish
Skrunda Parish (Latvian: Skrundas pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 1209 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 257.91 km2 (99.58 sq mi).

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Priyanka Joshi
Priyanka Joshi is a biochemist who is a research fellow at University of California, Berkeley, where she studies calorie restriction and its effect upon lifespan.  Previously, she was an Everitt Butterfield research fellow at Downing College, Cambridge, where she worked at the university's Centre for Misfolding Diseases studying the metabolic precursors which influence the aggregation of proteins such as amyloid beta, which are thought to cause Alzheimer's disease. In 2018, she was listed in the Forbes "30 under 30" list of innovators in science and healthcare and the Vogue 25 list of influential women in Britain.

Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.
Forest Lake Area Trail System
The ultimate goal of the Forest Lake Area Trail System (FLATS) is to develop a trail system connecting Kirksville and Thousand Hills State Park. The first phase of the trail is a ten-foot wide concrete trail between the Petroglyph Site and Marina in Thousand Hills State Park. FLATS’ long-term mission is to support the use, development, promotion, and maintenance of trails in Adair County.

The Forest Lake Area Trail System was formed by a group of citizens who volunteer their time and/or money to make this project a reality. They are working closely with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Thousand Hills State Park, the City of Kirksville, Adair County, area service organizations, and the Kirksville community to develop this trail.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
Isohaara
Isohaara is the ninth studio album by the Finnish rock group CMX. The album is named after Isohaara power plant in Keminmaa. The band spent six months in the studio because of the chosen songwriting method: the songs were written and rehearsed at the studio under constant perfecting and re-arranging. Musically, the album is lighter and more accessible than its predecessor, the over 100-minute Prog-epoch Dinosaurus Stereophonicus.

A. W. Yrjänä
Aki Ville Yrjänä (born 30 July 1967 in Kemi), better known by the stage name, A. W. Yrjänä (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈɑːʋeː ˈyrjænæ]), is a poet and the singer, bassist, and primary songwriter of the Finnish rock band CMX. In addition to his musical work, he has published five collections of poems.