hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giacomo Perolini
Giacomo Perolini (born ..., died July 17, 2005) was an Italian physician, photographer and art historian, known for his works on Novarese.

Active for over thirty years as a general practitioner in the Lower Novara area, he distinguished himself for his passion for art history and photography, particularly Romanesque art. He collaborated with museums and scholars, leaving a photographic archive of more than 30,000 images and contributing to publications and exhibitions of both local and national significance.

Liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
GoNightclubbing
GoNightclubbing is a collaboration between video artists Pat Ivers and Emily Armstrong, who worked together to document the New York punk rock scene beginning in 1977. Ivers had previously worked with Metropolis Video from 1975 until their dissolution in 1977. Originally, Ivers and Armstrong were known as Advanced TV, but they incorporated as GoNightclubbing in 2001.

Museum of Arts and Design
The Museum of Arts and Design (MAD), based in Manhattan, New York City, collects, displays, and interprets objects that document contemporary and historic innovation in craft, art, and design. In its exhibitions and educational programs, the museum celebrates the creative process through which materials are crafted into works that enhance contemporary life.
Elizabeth Morgan Act
The Elizabeth Morgan Act is an act of the 104th United States Congress that was declared unconstitutional in 2003 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia as being a bill of attainder, because it was written to deny rights to a specific father based on his child's assertion.  It was originally introduced as H.R. 1855, by Rep. Thomas M. Davis.  It was passed as a rider of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997 (H.R. 3675, Pub. L. 104–205 (text) (PDF)).

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
Withrow Glacier
Withrow Glacier (77°24′S 156°25′W﻿ / ﻿77.400°S 156.417°W﻿ / -77.400; -156.417) is a glacier on Edward VII Peninsula, flowing northwest into Bartlett Inlet just east of Cape Colbeck. Mapped from surveys by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Navy air photos (1959–65). Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Commander W.H. Withrow, U.S. Navy, of the staff of the Commander, Naval Support Force, Antarctica, who was officer in charge of Detachment One at Christchurch, New Zealand, 1965–66.

Bartlett Inlet
Bartlett Inlet is a largely ice-filled inlet, about 16 nautical miles (30 km) wide, indenting the north coast of Edward VII Peninsula just east of Cape Colbeck. It was mapped from surveys by the United States Geological Survey and from U.S. Navy air photos (1959–65), and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Eugene F. Bartlett, MC, U.S. Navy, officer in charge at Byrd Station, 1960.
Pacific Global Bank
Pacific Global Bank (Chinese: 高寶銀行) was a chinese American commercial bank in the United States. It was headquartered in Chicago, with 3 branches in Chinatown, Chicago and Bridgeport, Chicago, the community bank was acquired in September 2019 by Royal Business Bank.

Although the bank generally provides the similar kind of services catering to the local Chinese community, its clients include greater portions of scientists and engineers than other overseas Chinese banks, which cater more to small business owners and import–export merchants. This reflects the general occupational trend of Chinese Americans in the Chicago region, and had helped the bank expand rapidly.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Terry Schrunk
Terrence Doyle Schrunk (March 10, 1913 – March 4, 1975) was an American politician who served as the mayor for the city of Portland, Oregon, 1957–1973, a length tying with George Luis Baker, who also served 16 years (1917–1933).

Schrunk was appointed sheriff of Multnomah County in 1949 by the county commissioners, succeeding M. L. Elliott, who was removed from office in a recall election. Schrunk was subsequently outright elected to the office,

In his 1956 campaign for mayor, Schrunk advocated for urban renewal. Schrunk beat incumbent Fred L. Peterson by 17,000 votes in a nine-person primary, but did not get an absolute majority, and then beat Peterson in the fall run-off election. He took office at midnight on January 1, 1957.

In 1968 and 1969, he served as president of the United States Conference of Mayors.

Terry's son, Mike Schrunk, was elected district attorney of Multnomah County in 1981, and is thought to be the longest-serving district attorney in Oregon history.

Urban renewal
Urban renewal, also known as urban regeneration or urban redevelopment, is a set of government or private initiatives aimed at addressing urban decay, upgrading infrastructure, and revitalizing city neighborhoods. Typically, urban renewal involves clearing "blighted" areas, followed by new construction for housing, businesses, and public spaces. While such projects can modernize cities and stimulate economic growth, they are controversial due to frequent displacement of low-income and minority communities, a process known as gentrification.
Luke Page
Luke Page (born 12 January 1991) is a former Papua New Guinea international rugby league footballer who last played as a prop for the Burleigh Bears in the Queensland Cup.

Page played one National Rugby League match in his career, for the St. George Illawarra Dragons in 2015. Nicknamed the 'White Kumul', he has represented the Papua New Guinean national team, and was a member of their 2017 World Cup squad.

2017 Rugby League World Cup
The 2017 Rugby League World Cup was the fifteenth staging of the Rugby League World Cup tournament and took place in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea between 27 October and 2 December 2017. The tournament featured the national teams of 14 Rugby League International Federation member countries who qualified through either standing in the previous tournament or a series of qualification play-off matches. In the final, defending champions Australia, playing in their 14th consecutive World Cup final, faced England at Brisbane's Lang Park, the home side keeping the British scoreless with the Kangaroos winning 6 - 0.
Ross Lupton
Ross David Lupton (born 6 January 1975) is a former Australian cricketer.  Lupton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Warwick, Queensland.

Lupton made a single List A match for Herefordshire against the Sussex Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he scored 24 runs and with the ball he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 16.50, with best figures of 2/33.

Sussex Cricket Board
The Sussex Cricket Board was the former governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Sussex.  On 1 November 2015, the Sussex Cricket Board (SCB) merged with Sussex County Cricket Club (SCCC) to form a single governing body for cricket in Sussex, called Sussex Cricket Limited (SCL).

From 1999 to 2003 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, in matches which had List-A status.
Ibn Battuta Mall
The Ibn Battuta Mall is a shopping mall on the Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai, UAE, close to Interchange 6 for Jabal Ali 1 in southwest Dubai. It opened in 2005 and contains more than 300 stores. It is named after Ibn Battuta, a 14th-century Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar. The mall is divided with 6 courts which is China, India, Persia, Egypt, Tunisia, and Andalusia.

E 11 road (United Arab Emirates)
E 11 (Arabic: شارع ﺇ ١١) is a highway in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The longest road in the Emirates, it stretches from the Al Batha border crossing at the Saudi Arabia–UAE border in al-Silah in the al-Dhafra region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and ends at the Oman–UAE border crossing of al-Darah in al-Jeer, Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, running roughly parallel to UAE's coastline along the Persian Gulf. The road forms the main artery in some emirates' main cities, where it assumes various alternate names —Sheikh Maktoum Bin Rashid Road and Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Road in Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai, Al Ittihad Road in Sharjah and Ajman, and Sheikh Muhammad bin Salem Road in Ras Al Khaimah. E 11 used to have the highest posted speed limit on Earth at 160 km/h, but was reduced to 140 km/h on April 14, 2025.
Wiley Sparkman
Wiley Sparkman (January 5, 1906 – February 23, 1995) was an American politician.

A native of Springdale, Arkansas, born in 1906, Sparkman moved to Grove, Oklahoma, at the age of twelve. He was first elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives from Delaware County in 1952. After a single term, Sparkman was succeeded by Carl Thomas Mustain. Sparkman returned to office in 1957, and served until his April 1982 resignation. In 1965, Sparkman's constituency expanded to cover a portion of Adair County, and was enumerated district 5. In his final term, district 5 was redrawn, and consisted of Delaware County, Mayes County, and Ottawa County.

Future wrestling announcer legend Jim Ross served as a page to Sparkman by 1969.

Sparkman died on February 23, 1995, aged 89.

Adair County, Oklahoma
Adair County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,495. Its county seat is Stilwell. Adair County was named after the Adair family of the Cherokee tribe. One source says that the county was specifically named for Watt Adair, one of the first Cherokees to settle in the area. Adair County is part of the Cherokee Nation reservation.
AF/91
AF/91 was a virus hoax surrounding a computer virus purportedly created by the United States Intelligence Community as a cyberweapon during the Gulf War. The hoax originated in a 1991 InfoWorld article published as an April Fools' Day joke; in reality, no such virus ever existed, and the U.S. military is not known to have used a strategy similar to this in the Gulf War. Despite its publication date and the article clarifying it was for April Fools' Day, the story drew significant media attention, with several sources erroneously describing AF/91 as real well into the early 2000s.

April Fools' Day
April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day (rarely called All Fools' Day) is an annual custom on the 1st of April consisting of practical jokes, hoaxes, and pranks. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting "April Fool[s]!" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved with these pranks, which may be revealed as such the following day. The custom of setting aside a day for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbor has been relatively common in the world historically.
Remus von Woyrsch
Martin Wilhelm Remus von Woyrsch (4 February 1847 – 6 August 1920) was a Prussian field marshal, a member of the Prussian House of Lords from 1908 to 1918, and an Ehrenkommendator or Honorary Commander of the Order of St. John.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
Piano Concerto No. 3 (Beethoven)
Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor, Op. 37 is thought to have been composed in 1800, although the year of its composition has been questioned by some contemporary musicologists. It was first performed on 5 April 1803, with the composer as soloist. During that same performance, the Second Symphony and the oratorio Christ on the Mount of Olives were also premiered. The composition was published in 1804 and was dedicated to Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia. The first primary theme is reminiscent of that of Mozart's 24th Piano Concerto, also in C minor.

C major
C major is a major scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. C major is one of the most common keys used in music. Its key signature has  no flats or sharps. Its relative minor is A minor and its parallel minor is C minor.

The C major scale is:

These are less common and mostly used in jazz. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

On the piano, the C major scale can be played by playing only the white keys starting on C.
2026 Texas Senate election
The 2026 Texas Senate election will be held concurrently to the 2026 Texas House of Representatives elections on November 3, 2026. Elections will be held in 16 of the 31 Senate districts for four-year terms. The winners of this election will serve in the 90th Texas Legislature. 18 Senate seats are currently held by Republicans, 12 seats are held by Democrats, and one seat, formerly held by a Republican, is vacant. Primary elections will be held on March 3, 2026, with runoffs taking place, if necessary, on May 26, 2026.

Texas Tech University System
The Texas Tech University System is a public university system in Texas with five member universities. Headquartered in Lubbock, Texas, the Texas Tech University System is a $3 billion enterprise focused on advancing higher education, health care, research, and outreach with approximately 21,000 employees and 64,000 students, more than 400,000 alumni and an endowment valued at $3.35 billion. In its short history (established in 1996), the TTU System has grown tremendously with 24 academic locations statewide and internationally.
1969 Gillette Cup
The 1969 Gillette Cup was the seventh Gillette Cup, an English limited overs county cricket tournament. It was held between 10 May and 6 September 1969. The tournament was won by Yorkshire who defeated Derbyshire by 69 runs in the final at Lord's.

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.
Madeleen de Wijkerslooth de Weerdesteyn
Jkvr. Judith Juliëtte Madeleine Sophie "Madeleen" Leyten-de Wijkerslooth de Weerdesteyn (29 September 1935 – 9 June 2016) was a Dutch politician.

She was born in Zwolle and joined the Catholic People's Party (KVP) in 1959. For this party she was member of the States of North Brabant between 1970 and 1978. The KVP was absorbed by Christian Democratic Appeal in 1980. She represented CDA for the rest of her political career serving in the Senate from 1980 to 1987 and the Council of State from 1987 to 2002.

She died in The Hague in 2016 at the age of 80.

Catholic People's Party
The Catholic People's Party (Dutch: Katholieke Volkspartij, KVP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1945 as a continuation of the interwar Roman Catholic State Party, which was in turn a successor of the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations. The party was in government throughout its existence. In 1977, a federation of parties including the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) ran together under the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) banner. The three participating parties formally dissolved to form the CDA in 1980.
Koyun Island
Koyun Island (Turkish: Koyun Adası, literally "Sheep Island") is a Turkish island in the Sea of Marmara. At 40°30′33″N 27°34′40″E﻿ / ﻿40.50917°N 27.57778°E﻿ / 40.50917; 27.57778 it is a part of Erdek ilçe (district) of Balıkesir Province. It is situated between the better known islands of Avşa Island and Paşalimanı Island.

The island is a long island from north to south. Its total area is about 1.7 square kilometres (0.66 sq mi). There are only a few summer houses on the otherwise uninhabited island.

Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora, the Marmara Sea or Propontis /prəˈpɒntɪs/ (ancient Greek: Προποντίς /pro.ponˈdis/), is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's European and Asian sides. It has an area of 11,350 km2 (4,380 sq mi), and its dimensions are 280 km × 80 km (174 mi × 50 mi). Its greatest depth is 1,370 m (4,490 ft).
Theo Meijer (judoka)
Theodorus ("Theo") Johannes Meijer (born 18 February 1965 in Amersfoort, Utrecht) is a retired judoka from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics (1988 and 1992). He won the bronze medal in the men's half-heavyweight division (‍–‍95 kg) in Barcelona, Spain (1992), alongside Dmitri Sergeyev who represented the Unified Team.

Utrecht (province)
Utrecht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈytrɛxt] ⓘ), officially the Province of Utrecht (Dutch: Provincie Utrecht), is a province of the Netherlands. It is located in the centre of the country, bordering the Eemmeer in the north-east, the province of Gelderland in the east and south-east, the province of South Holland in the west and south-west and the province of North Holland in the north-west and north. The province of Utrecht has a population of about 1,388,000 as of January 2023. With a land area of approximately 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi), it is the second smallest province in the country. Apart from its eponymous capital, major cities and towns in the province are Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal and Zeist. The busiest railway station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal, is located in the province of Utrecht.
Northeast Italy
Northeast Italy (Italian: Italia nord-orientale or just Nord-est) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Northeast encompasses four of the country's 20 regions:

Emilia-Romagna

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

Veneto

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Luis Macas
Luis Macas Ambuludí (born 1951) is a Kichwa politician and intellectual from Saraguro, Ecuador.

Macas has honorary university degrees in anthropology, linguistics and jurisprudence. He was one of the founders of the CONAIE and of the Pachakutik Movement, and was member of the National Congress of Ecuador. In 2003 he joined Lucio Gutiérrez's government as Minister of Agriculture, quit because of disagreements with his neoliberal policies.

Macas was vice-president of the CONAIE (Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas de Ecuador) from 1988 to 1991, and CONAIE president from 1991 to 1996 and from 2004–2008.

On May 24, 2006 Macas was proclaimed by the Pachakutik Movement as presidential candidate for the October 15, 2006 election. He came in seventh (out of 13 candidates), with just over 2 percent of the vote.

National Congress (Ecuador)
The National Congress (Spanish: Congreso Nacional) was the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Ecuador prior to November 2007.

Under the 1998 Constitution, Congress met in Quito and was made up of 100 deputies (diputados). Each of the country's 22 provinces returned a minimum of two deputies plus one additional seat for every 200,000 inhabitants.

It was dissolved on 29 November 2007 by the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly and replaced by the National Assembly of Ecuador under the 2008 Constitution. Its demise came when it was already weakened by the disfavorable perception of the Ecuadorian public opinion, which for decades saw it as a corrupt and incompetent entity, as well as a venue for violent disputes between its members and political intrigues, such as the removal of Presidents Abdalá Bucaram in 1997 and Lucio Gutiérrez in 2005.
Evans, New York
Evans is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 16,356 at the 2010 census. The town derives its name from David E. Evans, an agent of the Holland Land Company and nephew of land agent Joseph Ellicott.

The town is approximately 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Buffalo and is a rural community with 12 miles (19 km) of waterfront. The town is located close to the major trading centers of the Northeast and is a bi-national gateway for commerce due to the region's border location with Canada.

Joseph Ellicott
Joseph Ellicott (November 1, 1760 in Bucks County, Pennsylvania – August 19, 1826 in New York City) was an American surveyor, city planner, land office agent, lawyer and politician of the Quaker faith.
Cefn railway station
Cefn railway station was a minor railway station on the Great Western Railway's London to Birkenhead main line serving the mining village of Cefn Mawr in Wales. It opened as Rhosymedre in 1848 but was resited on an adjacent site in 1849 and named Cefn. It had an adjacent signal box but the station seems not to have handled freight traffic. The remains of the station and yard area can be seen just to the north of Cefn Viaduct (also known as Dee Viaduct). Although the station is gone the railway remains open as part of the Shrewsbury to Chester Line.

Mining village
A pit village, colliery village or mining village is a settlement built by colliery owners to house their workers. The villages were built on the coalfields of Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution where new coal mines were developed in isolated or unpopulated areas. Such settlements were developed by companies for the incoming workers.