hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Bruce (bridge)
David Burnstine (May 5 1900 – August 26, 1965) was a leading tournament contract bridge player of the 1930s. He changed his name to David Bruce after he retired from competition in 1939.

Burnstine was born in New York City and regularly played at the Contract Bridge Club of New York. He was a member of the Four Horsemen team captained by P. Hal Sims, which he left to create his own teams, first the Bid-Rite team and later the Four Aces. The Four Aces dominated tournament play in the later half of the 1930s. Burnstine became American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) Life Master #1 at the age of 36.

Burnstine moved to Los Angeles in 1939, changed his name to David Bruce, and retired from regular tournament play. He died in 1965 and was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame as David Bruce in 1997. Thus he was the second recipient (after Sims) of the von Zedtwitz Award, a name for Hall of Fame recognition of players long out of the limelight.

North American Bridge Championships
North American Bridge Championships (NABC) are three annual bridge tournaments sponsored by the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). The "Spring", "Summer", and "Fall" NABCs are usually scheduled in March, July, and November for about eleven days. They comprise both championship and side contests of different kinds (e.g. matchpoint pairs and knockout teams, one-day and two-day) in many classes of competition (e.g. open/women/senior or defined by masterpoints). Host cities in the United States and Canada are selected several years in advance.
Sicilian
Sicilian refers to the Italian island of Sicily.

Sicilian can also refer to:

Sicilian language, a Romance language spoken on the island of Sicily, its satellite islands, and southern Calabria

Sicilians, people from or with origins in Sicily

Sicilian Defence, a chess opening

The Sicilian, a 1984 novel by Mario Puzo

The Sicilian (film), a 1987 action film based on the novel

The Sicilian (film)
The Sicilian is a 1987 epic historical crime film directed by Michael Cimino. The film was adapted by Steve Shagan, and later rewritten by Cimino and Gore Vidal from Mario Puzo's 1984 novel of the same name. Christopher Lambert stars as Salvatore Giuliano, the infamous bandit who tried to liberate early 1950s Sicily from Italian rule. The film also stars Terence Stamp, Joss Ackland, John Turturro and Barbara Sukowa.
Falseuncaria degreyana
Falseuncaria degreyana, the Breckland conch, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Xinjiang), Mongolia, Russia and most of Europe. The habitat consists of meadows, rural areas, waysides, heathlands, moorlands and farmland.

The wingspan is 13–15 mm.

There are two generations per year, with adults on wing in May and again from mid-June to September.

The larvae feed on the flowers of Plantago, Linaria and Antirrhinum species. The species overwinters as a cocoon.

The Falseuncaria degreyana is not to be confused with the cochylis roseana, or the cochylis flaviciliana.

Antirrhinum
Antirrhinum is a genus of plants in the Plantaginaceae family, commonly known as dragon flowers or snapdragons because of the flowers' fancied resemblance to the face of a dragon that opens and closes its mouth when laterally squeezed. They are also sometimes called toadflax or dog flower. They are native to rocky areas of Europe, the United States, Canada, and North Africa. Antirrhinum species are widely used as ornamental plants in borders and as cut flowers.
Pike nose
A pike nose (from Russian: щучий нос) is a configuration of vehicle armour in which an armoured vehicle's frontal armour consists of three angular plates put together to form a cone-like shape, similar to the nose of a pike, from which the name stems. Often welded, it can also be cast. The design allows for very effective frontal angling of the armour plates, increasing protection from the front.

The pike nose has appeared on armoured vehicles since World War I, but the design gained popularity following World War II, with heavy tank designs such as the Soviet IS-3. Following the obsolescence of heavy tanks, however, the design has become rare in modern times, only rarely appearing on light vehicles.

Emil (tank)
Heavy tank project Emil (project number: 6400), known under the cover name of Kranvagn ("crane wagon") or KRV for short, was a heavy tank developed secretly in Sweden during the early 1950s; Kranvagn, meaning mobile crane, was a cover-name. The intention was to replace the Swedish Army's disparate tank fleet with a tank that could counter the Soviet IS series heavy tanks and be upgraded continuously. The initial design, in 1950, proposed mounting a 10.5 cm autoloader in an oscillating turret. Due to its size, weight and power to weight it was considered by many to be more of a medium tank than a heavy tank.

The project was discontinued during development and only two chassis were built. They were later rebuilt and served as testing platforms for the Artillerikanonvagn 151 and Stridsvagn 103 projects.
Holburn
Holburn is a small hamlet in the civil parish of Lowick, in the English county of Northumberland. Holburn is located between Lowick and Belford. The hamlet is known for its rural charm and proximity to natural features such as Holburn Lake and Moss.

Belford, Northumberland
Belford is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England, about halfway between Alnwick and Berwick-upon-Tweed, around 4 km inland from the east coast and just off the Great North Road, the A1. At the 2001 census it had a population of 1,055, increasing to 1,258 at the 2011 Census.

Belford is surrounded by rich pastoral farmland, and to the west of the village is found one of the better rock climbing locations in the county, Bowden Doors.
First moment of area
The first moment of area is based on the mathematical construct moments in metric spaces.  It is a measure of the spatial distribution of a shape in relation to an axis.

The first moment of area of a shape, about a certain axis, equals the sum over all the infinitesimal parts of the shape of the area of that part times its distance from the axis [Σad].

First moment of area is commonly used to determine the centroid of an area.

Centroid
In mathematics and physics, the centroid, also known as geometric center or center of figure, of a plane figure or solid figure is the mean position of all the points in the figure. The same definition extends to any object in -dimensional Euclidean space.

In geometry, one often assumes uniform mass density, in which case the barycenter or center of mass coincides with the centroid. Informally, it can be understood as the point at which a cutout of the shape (with uniformly distributed mass) could be perfectly balanced on the tip of a pin.

In physics, if variations in gravity are considered, then a center of gravity can be defined as the weighted mean of all points weighted by their specific weight.

In geography, the centroid of a radial projection of a region of the Earth's surface to sea level is the region's geographical center.
Krumbiegel
Krumbiegel is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gustav Hermann Krumbiegel (1865–1956), German botanist

Martin Krumbiegel (born 1963), German tenor, musician and musicologist, brother of Sebastian

Paulina Krumbiegel (born 2000), German footballer

Sebastian Krumbiegel (born 1966), German singer and musician, brother of Martin

Ulrike Krumbiegel (born 1961), German actress

Paulina Krumbiegel
Paulina Käte Krumbiegel (born 27 October 2000) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Juventus in the Italian Serie A and represents Germany internationally. She has previously played for TSG Hoffenheim in the German Frauen-Bundesliga.
Diversafest
Diversafest (Dfest), Oklahoma's Music Conference and Festival, was an annual live event that showcased independent and emerging artists and hosted educational music industry panels and a tradeshow.  Dfest took place the last weekend in July in the historic Blue Dome District of Tulsa, Oklahoma. The music conference and festival had the purpose of promoting and empowering emerging artists from around the United States. By 2008, Dfest had grown to include more than 140 bands performing on over 10 stages in downtown Tulsa and featuring music industry panels, clinics and a tradeshow during the days at the host conference hotel.  Attendance over the two-day event in 2009, was nearly 70,000.  However, the 2010 festival was cancelled.

Downtown Tulsa
Downtown Tulsa is an area of approximately 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2) surrounded by an inner-dispersal loop created by Interstate 244, US 64 and US 75. The area serves as Tulsa's financial and business district; it is the focus of a large initiative to draw tourism, which includes plans to capitalize on the area's historic architecture. Much of Tulsa's convention space is located in downtown, such as the Tulsa Performing Arts Center and the Arvest Convention Center, as well as the BOK Center. Prominent downtown sub-districts include the Blue Dome District, the Tulsa Arts District, and the Greenwood Historical District, which includes the site of ONEOK Field, a baseball stadium for the Tulsa Drillers opened in 2010. The Tulsa World and This Land Press have their headquarters in Downtown Tulsa.

In 2010, the estimated population of downtown is 4,000. The daytime population is estimated to be 36,000.
Gonioma hospita
Gonioma hospita is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is about 27 mm. The forewings are white mixed with light grey, and with a few scattered black scales. There is a narrow oblique transverse black streak from the costa near the base, reaching half across the wing and a cloudy grey spot in the middle of the disc. The hindwings are light yellow ochreous, with a grey apical patch.

Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer
Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer (22 December 1831, in Vienna – 15 January 1897, in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist. He was a curator at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, where he was the first keeper of the Lepidoptera. Rogenhofer was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera.

Rogenhoer studied law in Vienna but after passing the law exam he worked as a volunteer in the zoological museum becoming an assistant in 1860 and a curator in 1867. He described a number of species of lepidoptera, particularly those collected on the Novara expedition. Beside him Josef Mann (1804-1889) worked as a keen technician and collector for the benefits of the museum. Mann described many species of Lepidoptera new to science focussing on Microlepidoptera.
Prostitution in Suriname
Prostitution in Suriname is illegal but widespread and the laws are rarely enforced. Human trafficking and Child prostitution are problems in the country. Prostitutes are known locally as "motyo". UNAIDS estimate there to be 2,228 prostitutes in the country.

Although prostitution is illegal, the country issues temporary work permits to migrant prostitutes travelling through Suriname en route to another country.

Prostitutes often rent rooms in hotels and attract clients in the hotel's bar or outside the hotel.

Work permit
A work permit or work visa is the permission to take a job within a foreign country. The foreign country where someone seeks to obtain a work permit for is also known as the "country of work", as opposed to the "country of origin" where someone holds citizenship or nationality.
Oleg Nikulin
Oleg Anatolyevich Nikulin (Russian: Олег Анатольевич Никулин; born 8 February 1970; died 17 January 2006 in Novosibirsk) was a Russian football player.

He was a best scorer in history of FC Sibir Novosibirsk before being overtaken by Dmitri Akimov.

FC Sibir Novosibirsk
FC Sibir Novosibirsk (Russian: ФК «Сибирь» Новосибирск) was a Russian association football club based in Novosibirsk, playing at the Spartak Stadium. They played their first-ever season in the Russian Premier League in 2010, and ended with relegation to the Russian First Division.
The Lost Boy (Gossip Girl)
"The Lost Boy" is the 46th episode of the CW television series, Gossip Girl. It was also the third episode of the show's third season. The episode was written by Robert Hull and directed by Jean de Segonzac. It originally aired on Monday, September 28, 2009 on the CW.

"The Lost Boy" shows Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) plotting against each other when a particular item up for bid at Sotheby's raises their personal interests. Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) suspects Carter Baizen's (Sebastian Stan) return to his old habits while Georgina Sparks (Michelle Trachtenberg) sets her sights on Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley). Secrets are uncovered as Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr) finds that Scott Rosson (Chris Riggi) is Lily and Rufus's real son and Bree Buckley's (Joanna Garcia) intentions with Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford) are revealed.

In the ending scenes, the song Animal by Miike Snow was used.

Chris Riggi
Christopher Riggi (born September 18, 1985) is an American actor, known for his role as Scott Rosson in the teen drama television series Gossip Girl, and Jacob White in the Twilight parody film Vampires Suck which was released in the US on August 18, 2010. Riggi was writer, director, editor, cinematographer, and actor in the film, "Abduct," released April 2, 2025.

Riggi was born in New York City, New York and is the son of philanthropists Michele and Ron Riggi. He started his career in 2008 in the short film Brotherhood as Jared, before moving onto screen works such as the independent films Toe to Toe and Dare. Additionally, Riggi made guest appearances in several TV series such as Human Giant and Lipstick Jungle.

Riggi played a role in The Wolf of Wall Street.
Scapteromys
Scapteromys is a genus of South American rodents in the tribe Akodontini of family Cricetidae. Three species are known, found in northern Argentina, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. They are as follows:

Argentine swamp rat (Scapteromys aquaticus)

Plateau swamp rat (Scapteromys meridionalis)

Waterhouse's swamp rat (Scapteromys tumidus)

Species are semiaquatic, living in and near marshes and other bodies of water. They reach a body length of 15 to 20 cm and a tail length of 13–17 cm, and weigh 110-200 g. Fur color is dark gray on top and light gray on the underside. They are primarily crepuscular and nocturnal. Their diet consists mainly of insects; they also consume other invertebrates and plant material.

The three species differ in karyotype, with aquaticus having 2n = 32, tumidus 2n = 24 and meridionalis 2n = 34/36.

Semiaquatic
In biology, being semiaquatic refers to various macro-organisms that live regularly in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. When referring to animals, the term describes those that actively spend part of their daily time in water (in which case they can also be called amphibious), or land animals that have spent at least one life stage (e.g. as eggs or larvae) in aquatic environments. When referring to plants, the term describes land plants whose roots have adapted well to tolerate regular, prolonged submersion in water, as well as emergent and (occasionally) floating-leaved aquatic plants that are only partially immersed in water.

Examples of semiaquatic animals and plants are given below.
Pezula Racing
Pezula Racing (UCI team code: PZR) were a UCI Continental cycling team registered in Ireland that participated predominantly in races on the UCI Europe Tour. The team was managed by Brian O'Loughlin with assistance from directeur sportif David McQuaid.

Their biggest wins were 2 stages in the 2008 Rás Tailteann

It was announced in July 2008 that due to economic pressures in Ireland and the downturn in the construction industry, Pezula Construction would stop the sponsorship of the team. However, the directeur sportif David McQuaid has stepped in and his company DMC Sports Ireland will take over the sponsorship of the team. This was announced while the team were racing in Quinghai Lake, China.

Ciarán Power
Ciarán Power (born 8 May 1976) is an Irish former professional racing cyclist, the first Irish cyclist to ride in a major tour since Stephen Roche in 1993. Power turned professional in 2000 with the Linda McCartney Racing Team and rode the 2000 Giro d'Italia, gaining 2 top ten stage finishes.  When the McCartney team folded in 2001, Power joined the French Saint-Quentin–Oktos team before moving to the US the following season and joining Navigators.

After placing 3rd in the 1999 World 'B' road championship, Power came 74th in the 2000 Summer Olympics road race.  In the 2004 Summer Olympics road race, he finished 13th, the highest placing by an Irish cyclist.

He retired from professional racing at the end of the 2008 season.
October 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 30 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 1

All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 13 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 31st, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 18.

Ampliatus
Ampliatus or Amplias (in the King James Version; Greek: Αμπλίατος) was a Roman Christian mentioned by Paul in one of his letters, where he says, "Greet Ampliatus, whom I love in the Lord." (Romans 16:8)  He is considered one of the Seventy Disciples by the Eastern Orthodox Church. Tradition has it that he and his companions subsequently attached themselves to the Apostle Saint Andrew, and ultimately died martyrs.

He may have served as bishop of Odessos (Varna), in modern Bulgaria. He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on Oct. 31.
Wisbech North railway station
Wisbech North railway station was a station serving the town of Wisbech, Cambridgeshire. It was part of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway and was one of two stations serving the town. The other was Wisbech East on the line from March to Watlington also known as the Bramley Line. Wisbech North station was located just off Harecroft Road near a small housing estate called "Cricketers Way".

March railway station
March railway station is a railway station on the Ely–Peterborough line in the east of England and serves the market town of March, Cambridgeshire, England. It is 85 miles 76 chains (138.3 km) measured from London Liverpool Street via Ely and is situated between Manea and Whittlesea stations.
Quatlecoatl
Quatlecoatl was an Aztec prince, son of Emperor Acamapichtli and Queen Xiuhcuetzin, half-brother of Emperors Huitzilihuitl and Itzcoatl, an uncle of Chimalpopoca and Moctezuma I.

Chimalpahin mentions this prince in his work:

"By Ahatl's daughter [was born] another son, who was named Quatlecoatl, from whom issued and descended the head men of Mexico... captains and soldiers."

Itzcoatl
Itzcoatl (Classical Nahuatl: Itzcōhuātl [it͡sˈkoːwaːt͡ɬ], "Obsidian Serpent", modern Nahuatl pronunciationⓘ) (c. 1380–1440) was the fourth king of Tenochtitlan, and the founder of the Aztec Empire, ruling from 1427 to 1440. Under Itzcoatl the Mexica of Tenochtitlan threw off the domination of the Tepanecs and established the Triple Alliance (Aztec Empire) together with the other city-states Tetzcoco and Tlacopan.
Marconi Railway
The Marconi Railway was a 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) narrow gauge railway with a gauge of 2 feet (610 mm) at the Marconi Wireless Station near Clifden in the Irish County Galway. It operated from 1907 to 1922.

Guglielmo Marconi
Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquess (25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937), was an Italian radio-frequency engineer, inventor, and politician known for his creation of a practical radio wave-based wireless telegraph system. This led to his being largely credited as the inventor of radio and sharing the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy."
His work laid the foundation for the development of radio, television, and all modern wireless communication systems.

As an entrepreneur and a businessman, Marconi founded The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (later the Marconi Company) in the United Kingdom in 1897. In 1929, he was ennobled as a marquess (Italian: marchese) by King Victor Emmanuel III. In 1931, he set up Vatican Radio for Pope Pius XI.
Benzodioxan
The benzodioxans are a group of isomeric chemical compounds with the molecular formula C8H8O2.  There are three isomers of benzodioxan, as the second atom of oxygen of the dioxane can be in a second, third or fourth position: 1,2-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane and 1,4-dioxane, which respectively give 1,2-benzodioxan, 1,3-benzodioxan and 1,4-benzodioxan.

1,2-Dioxane
1,2-Dioxane or o-dioxane is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)4O2, classified as a cyclic peroxide. Its synthesis was reported in 1956 by Criegee and Müller, who prepared it by reacting butane-1,4-diol bis(methanesulfonate) with hydrogen peroxide and distilled it as a colorless liquid. Acids and bases decompose it to gamma-hydroxybutyraldehyde.

Substituted 1,2-dioxanes have also been prepared, and some have been isolated from natural sources.
Picramnia parvifolia
Picramnia parvifolia, the cedrinho, is a tree species that occurs in Brazil (in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest), in the regions Sudeste (in São Paulo and Minas Gerais states) and Sul (Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul state), and in Paraguay (in the departments of Guairá and Paraguarí).

South Region, Brazil
The South Region of Brazil (Região Sul do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈsuw du bɾaˈziw]) is one of the five regions of Brazil. It includes the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, and covers 576,409.6 square kilometres (222,553.0 sq mi), being the smallest region of the country, occupying only about 6.76% of the territory of Brazil. Its whole area is smaller than that of the state of Minas Gerais, in Southeast Brazil, for example or the whole metropolitan France.

It is a tourist, economic and cultural pole. It borders Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay, as well as the Centre-West and Southeast regions, and the Atlantic Ocean. The region is considered the safest in Brazil to visit, having a lower crime rate than other regions in the country.
Taroko Express
The Taroko Express (Chinese: 太魯閣號; pinyin: Tàilǔgé Hào) is an express train service of Taiwan Railway Corporation, and is part of Tze-Chiang Limited Express. The name of the service comes from the 19-kilometre (12-mile) long Taroko Gorge, which is one of Taiwan's most popular tourist spots, and the Truku people. It began commercial operations on 16 February 2007.

The Taroko Express uses the tilting electrical multiple unit series known as TEMU1000 based on the JR Kyushu 885 series. They were imported to Taiwan in 2006; since 2007, they have been running between Hualien and Taipei City, on the curved Yilan line at the existing narrow gauge tracks, where they reduced traveling time between the two places from previously 3 hours down to about 2 hours. Some trains also continue from Taipei to Tianzhong. Its maximum operational speed is 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph).

On 2 April 2021, a Taroko Express train derailed in Hualien County, killing 49 people with many others injured.

Hualien City
Hualien (pinyin: Huālián Shì; Wade-Giles: Hua¹-lien² Shih⁴; Hokkien POJ: Hoa-lian-chhī or Hoa-liân-chhī) is a county-administered city and the county seat of Hualien County, Taiwan. It is located on the east coast of Taiwan on the Pacific Ocean, and has a population of 99,458 inhabitants.