hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leonardo Maugeri
Leonardo Maugeri (10 April 1964 – 10 July 2017) was an Italian oil and gas expert, who was a top manager at Eni from 1994 to 2011. At the time of his death, he was Chairman & CEO of Investment firm Romulus Asset Management and a Senior Fellow with the Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center.

Maugeri sat on the Energy Advisory Board of Accenture. He previously sat on the boards of Saipem, Italgas and Polimeri Europa. Maugeri was a visiting scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), as well as a member of the Institute's Energy Advisory Board. He also served as an International Counselor of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS – Washington, DC).

Versalis
Versalis S.p.A. (Polimeri Europa till 5 April 2012) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Italian oil supermajor Eni specializing in the production of chemicals. With more than 7,000 employees and a production of about 5.6 million tons of chemical products in 2023, it is by far the largest chemical company in Italy and one of the largest in Europe.
Denness
Denness is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Denness (1936–2008), English cricketer

Archer Denness (1914–1997), Australian Army officer

Mary Denness  (1927–2017), British safety campaigner

Mike Denness (1940–2013), Scottish cricketer

Mary Denness
Mary Denness (nee Taylor; 1937 – March 2017) was a British ship's steward and fisherman's wife.  She helped to lead a campaign that led to improvements in the safety of fishing trawlers following the  1968 Hull triple trawler tragedy.  Denness afterwards served as a school nurse and was a matron at Eton College.
Otto Andersson (musicologist)
Otto Emanuel Andersson (27 April 1879 – 27 December 1969) was a Finnish musicologist.

Andersson studied first at the Helsingfors musikinstitut (now the Sibelius Academy), becoming a teacher there. He studied folklore and music from 1908 onwards, and gained his Ph.D. in 1923 at the University of Helsinki. From 1926 on, he held the Robert Mattsons chair in musicology and folklore at the Åbo Akademi. In 1906, he formed the  Brage Society, dedicated to Finland's Swedish folk music and culture, serving later as the group's chairman and choirmaster.

Andersson founded three music magazines, wrote a variety of valuable essays and collected and arranged traditional Swedish, Finnish and Estonian folk songs and dances. He also served as a contributor to the Svensk uppslagsbok dictionary, producing music-related entries.

Sibelius Academy
The Sibelius Academy (Finnish: Taideyliopiston Sibelius-Akatemia, Swedish: Sibelius-Akademin vid Konstuniversitetet) is part of the University of the Arts Helsinki and a university-level music school which operates in Helsinki and Kuopio, Finland. It also has an adult education centre in Järvenpää and a training centre in Seinäjoki. The Academy is the only music university in Finland. It is among the biggest European music universities with roughly 1,400 enrolled students. In 2022, the Sibelius Academy was ranked 22nd globally in the field of performing arts by the QS World University Rankings by Subject.

The Sibelius Academy is the organizer of the International Maj Lind Piano Competition and one of the organizers of the International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition held every five years in Helsinki.
Epprechtstein
The Epprechtstein is a mountain in the northern Fichtel Mountains in northeast Bavaria, Germany, 798 m above sea level (NN). It is mineralogically the most interesting mountain in the entire Fichtel range. Around the summit there are about 20 quarries, in three of which Epprechtstein granite is quarried. The others are closed and partially overgrown.

Normalnull
Normalnull ("standard zero") or Normal-Null (short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked Meter über Normal-Null (“meters above standard zero”). Normalnull has been replaced by Normalhöhennull (NHN).
Gopher Ordnance Works
Gopher Ordnance Works was a smokeless powder production plant near Coates and Rosemount, Minnesota, United States. It was first opened in 1943. The plant was closed soon after the end of World War II. There are some remains still at the original site which is visible from U.S. Route 52 and County Road 46.

After the government decided it needed a place to open up another gunpowder factory, they chose Dakota County in East Central Minnesota as their prime spot to put up such a factory, specifically, the city of Rosemount. They soon evicted farmers on 11,000 acres (45 km2) of farmland so that they could build Gopher Ordnance Works, which consisted of 858 buildings.

Dakota County, Minnesota
Dakota County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Minnesota, located in the east central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 439,882. The population of Dakota County was estimated to be 453,156 in 2024. The county seat is Hastings. Dakota County is named for the Dakota Sioux tribal bands who inhabited the area. The name is recorded as "Dahkotah" in the United States Census records until 1851. Dakota County is included in the Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States with about 3.71 million residents. The largest city in Dakota County is the city of Lakeville, the ninth-largest city in Minnesota and fifth-largest Twin Cities suburb. The county is bordered by the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers on the north, and the state of Wisconsin on the east.
Zambia at the FIFA Women's World Cup
Zambia has qualified for the FIFA Women's World Cup on one occasion, the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup which was also the country's debut, making the country the first landlocked nation in Africa to qualify for a senior World Cup in either gender. Previously, Zambia has come close to qualifying for the FIFA Women's World Cup, but fell short in two occasions, which occurred in 2014 and 2018.

2014 African Women's Championship
The 2014 African Women's Championship, the 11th edition of the tournament, was held in Namibia. This tournament, organized by the Confederation of African Football, was also a qualification tournament for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, with top three qualifying for the finals in Canada. It was played on 11–25 October 2014.

The tournament marked the first participation of Namibia in the African championship. Also for the first time the defending champions, Equatorial Guinea, were not taking part after failing to win their last qualifying round match.

Nigeria defeated Cameroon 2–0 in the final to win their record-extending seventh title.
Alchemilla diademata
Alchemilla diademata, also known as the diadem lady's mantle (Arabic: كمالية مكللة), is a species of the genus Alchemilla endemic to Lebanon. The plant has been commonly used in folk medicine in Lebanon and its promising bioactive properties have been subject to a number of studies.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
La Cucaracha (horse)
La Cucaracha (26 March 2001 – 9 February 2014) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Bred and owned by the Yorkshire businessman Guy Reed she was trained by Barry Hills at Lambourn. She was a specialist sprinter, who won both of her races as a juvenile but injury restricted her career to five races in two years until she emerged as a top class sprinter as a four-year-old. In 2005 she won four of her seven races including the Cammidge Trophy and Ballyogan Stakes before recording her biggest win in the Nunthorpe Stakes. La Cucaracha remained in training at five and recorded another major victory on her final racecourse appearance when she won the King George Stakes.

Ballyogan Stakes
The Ballyogan Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at The Curragh over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

The event was formerly contested at Leopardstown over 5 furlongs and open to horses of either gender. It was held at Cork from 2002 to 2004, and on the last occasion it became a 6-furlong race for fillies and mares. It returned to Leopardstown from 2005 to 2014 before moving to The Curragh from 2015.
1948 in Sri Lanka
The following lists notable events that took place during 1948 in Sri Lanka. 1948 saw Sri Lanka, then known as British Ceylon, regain its independence from the British Empire, thus establishing the Dominion of Ceylon.

Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
Dove Lake (Tasmania)
Dove Lake is a corrie lake near Cradle Mountain in the central highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. It lies in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. The lake is a very popular visitor attraction and is encircled by well maintained walking paths which also lead up onto Cradle Mountain.  It was named by prominent local Gustav Weindorfer after an official of the Van Diemen's Land Company.

Like several other lakes in the region, Lake Dove was formed by glaciation. The habitat is unique and includes the Tasmanian deciduous beech (Nothofagus gunnii), tussock grasses, snow gums and pencil pines. Among animals wandering the shores of the lake are numerous wombats, echidnas, pademelons and tiger snakes.

Echidna
Echidnas (/ɪˈkɪdnəz/), sometimes known as spiny anteaters, are quill-covered monotremes (egg-laying mammals) belonging to the family Tachyglossidae /tækiˈɡlɒsɪdiː/, living in Australia and New Guinea. The four extant species of echidnas and the platypus are the only living mammals that lay eggs and the only surviving members of the order Monotremata. The diet of some species consists of ants and termites, but they are not closely related to the American true anteaters or to hedgehogs. Their young are called puggles.

Echidnas evolved between 20 and 50 million years ago and descend from an amphibious, platypus-like monotreme.
Grabówka, Łódź Voivodeship
Grabówka [ɡraˈbufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Burzenin, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Burzenin, 20 km (12 mi) south of Sieradz, and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
Harfleur
Harfleur (pronounced [aʁflœʁ]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France.

It was the principal seaport in north-western France for six centuries, until Le Havre was built about five kilometres (three miles) downstream in the sixteenth century to take advantage of anchorages less prone to siltation. Harfleur is now on the eastern edge of Le Havre's urban area.

Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ⓘ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
Schistura spekuli
Schistura spekuli is a species of ray-finned fish, a troglobitic stone loach, in the genus Schistura. It has been recorded from a single cave in central Vietnam. The specific name refers to SPEKUL, the speleological club of the University of Leuven in Belgium.

Speleology
Speleology (from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their composition, structure, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term speleology is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploring caves, but this is more properly known as caving, potholing (British English), or spelunking (United States and Canadian English). Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for in situ study are the same.

Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics, meteorology, and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems.
Elsthorpe
Elsthorpe is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) north-west from the town of Bourne, and in the civil parish of Edenham.

Elsthorpe lies less than 1 mile (1.6 km) from the earthworks of the Elsthorpe deserted medieval village (DMV). These, on a hill ridge, consist of a sunken road, sites of buildings, and fish ponds.

Deserted medieval village
In the United Kingdom, a deserted medieval village (DMV) is a former settlement which was abandoned during the Middle Ages, typically leaving no trace apart from earthworks or cropmarks. If there are three or fewer inhabited houses the convention is to regard the site as deserted; if there are more than three houses, it is regarded as a shrunken medieval village. There are estimated to be more than 3,000 DMVs in England alone.
86P/Wild
86P/Wild (pronounced 86P/Vilt) is a periodic comet in the Solar System with a current orbital period of 6.84 years. Its nucleus is estimated to have an effective radius of 0.37 ± 0.02 kilometers.

It was discovered on photographic plates exposed on 11/12 April 1980 by Paul Wild of the Astronomical Institute of University of Bern, Switzerland at the nearby Zimmerwald Observatory. He reported the brightness at a magnitude of 15.5 and that the comet was diffuse. He rediscovered it on 7 May 1980 and calculations by Brian G. Marsden estimated that perihelion would take place on 6 October 1980.

Syuichi Nakano calculated the next perihelion would be 31 August 1987 and the comet was duly observed by Tom Gehrels and J. V. Scotti on the Spacewatch telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory, Arizona, USA. Perihelion was 1 September.

The same team re-observed it in 1994 with a faint brightness of magnitude 21. It has since been observed in 2001, 2008 and 2015.

University of Bern
The University of Bern (German: Universität Bern, French: Université de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a public research university in the Swiss capital of Bern. It was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students, the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
Stewart Uoo
Stewart Uoo (born 1985, California) is an American artist. Uoo's art practice explores where the social and digital overlap often incorporating fashion and video game aesthetics into his watercolors, sculptures, and video pieces. Uoo's artworks have been included in the 9th Berlin Biennale and the 10th Gwangju Biennale and were featured alongside artist Jana Euler in a two-person exhibition at The Whitney Museum of American Art in 2013. Uoo has exhibited at 47 Canal in New York, Galerie Buchholz in Berlin, Germany, and Mendes Wood DM in São Paulo, Brazil, amongst other galleries.  Uoo is the host of It's Gets Better, an art-performance event held every summer that showcases artists, musicians, poets, and fashion icons. Uoo lives and works in New York City. Stewart Uoo is represented by Galerie Buchholz, Cologne, and 47 Canal, New York.

MoMA PS1
MoMA PS1 is a contemporary art institution at 22-01 Jackson Avenue in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens in New York City, United States. In addition to its exhibitions, the institution organizes the Sunday Sessions performance series, the Warm Up summer music series, and the Young Architects Program with the Museum of Modern Art. MoMA PS1 has been affiliated with the Museum of Modern Art since January 2000 and, as of 2013, attracts about 200,000 visitors a year.
Hartsville, Pennsylvania
Hartsville is a populated place that is situated at the crossroads of Bristol Road and the Old York Road, and straddles Warminster and Warwick Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States.

It has an estimated elevation of 427 feet (130 m) above sea level, and is served by the Warminster Post Office ZIP code of 18974.

Old York Road
Old York Road, originally York Road, with reference to New York, is a roadway that was built during the 18th century to connect Philadelphia with New York City.

The road was built along the Raritan tribe's Naraticong Trail, also known as the Tuckaraming Trail.  A memorial plaque to the friendship of the Naraticong tribe, who permitted the road to be built over their trail, is located at the intersection of Old York Road and Canal in Raritan, New Jersey. The Swift Sure Stage Coach Line completed the journey between the two cities in two days.

A ferry left Elizabethtown Point for New York City, or passengers could continue onto Newark, New Jersey and ultimately Powles Hook Ferry in present day Exchange Place in Jersey City via Bergen Point Plank Road/Newark Plank Road.
Progressive Liberal Party (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
The Progressive Liberal Party was a political party in Saint Kitts and Nevis. The party contested the 1989 general elections, but received just 12 votes and failed to win a seat. They did not contest any further national elections.

1989 Saint Kitts and Nevis general election
General elections were held in Saint Kitts and Nevis on 21 March 1989. The result was a victory for the People's Action Movement (PAM), which won six of the eleven directly-elected seats. The ruling majority coalition of PAM and the Nevis Reformation Party continued as a result of the elections.
2003–04 Manhattan Jaspers basketball team
The 2003–04 Manhattan Jaspers basketball team represented Manhattan College during the 2003–04 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Jaspers, led by head coach Bobby Gonzalez, played their home games at Draddy Gymnasium and were members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. They finished the season 25–6, 16–2 in MAAC play to win the league regular season title. They were champions of the MAAC tournament to earn an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Playing as the No. 12 seed in the East Rutherford region, Manhattan upset No. 5 seed Florida in the opening round before pushing No. 4 seed Wake Forest to the brink before falling, 84–80.

2003–04 Florida Gators men's basketball team
The 2003–04 Florida Gators men's basketball team represented the University of Florida during the 2003–04 men's college basketball season. The team was coached by Billy Donovan.

The Gators finished the season with a 20-11 record. They were eliminated from the third round of the SEC tournament in a 89-73 loss to Kentucky. On March 18, 2004, Florida was upset in the NCAA tournament Round of 64 by #12 seeded Manhattan.
Reproducibility
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method. For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated. There are different kinds of replication but typically replication studies involve different researchers using the same methodology. Only after one or several such successful replications should a result be recognized as scientific knowledge.

Observational study
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology  and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints. One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group. Observational studies, for lacking an assignment mechanism, naturally present difficulties for inferential analysis.
Henry Hilton
Henry Hilton (October 4, 1824 – August 24, 1899) was an American jurist and businessman.  He became best known for the so-called "Hilton–Seligman Affair" in 1877, his refusal to admit financier Joseph Seligman to the Grand Union Hotel in Saratoga Springs, New York (no relation to Hilton Hotels & Resorts), reportedly because Seligman was Jewish, but also possibly  because of a personal feud.

Hilton Hotels & Resorts
Hilton Hotels & Resorts (formerly known as Hilton Hotels) is a global brand of full-service hotels and resorts and the flagship brand of American multinational hospitality company Hilton Worldwide.

The original company was founded by Conrad Hilton. As of December 30, 2019, 584 Hilton Hotels & Resorts properties with 216,379 rooms in 94 countries and territories are located across six continents. This includes 61 properties that are owned or leased with 219,264 rooms, 272 that are managed with 119,612 rooms, and 251 that are franchised with 77,451 rooms. In 2020, Fortune magazine ranked Hilton Hotels & Resorts at number one on their Fortune List of the Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2020 based on an employee survey of satisfaction.