hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allocasuarina paludosa
Allocasuarina paludosa, commonly known as swamp she-oak or scrub sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a monoecious or dioecious shrub that has branchlets up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, the fruiting cones 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) long containing winged seeds 3.5–5.0 mm (0.14–0.20 in) long.

Monoecy
Monoecy (from Ancient Greek  μονοικία (monoikía) 'one household'; adj. monoecious), is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy, and contrasted with dioecy where individual plants produce cones or flowers of only one sex, and with bisexual or hermaphroditic plants in which male and female gametes are produced in the same flower.

Monoecy often co-occurs with anemophily, because it prevents self-pollination of individual flowers and reduces the probability of self-pollination between male and female flowers on the same plant.: 32

Monoecy in angiosperms has been of interest for evolutionary biologists since Charles Darwin.
Newmark and Lewis
Newmark and Lewis (sometimes stylized Newmark & Lewis) was an American chain of consumer electronics stores described by The New York Times as an appliance-store chain that was closed in 1992.

It was founded by Edward Newmark and Richard David Lewis in 1924. Problems of the industry of which it was part included cutthroat price competition, which caused low profit margins, and slow consumer purchasing cycles, the latter because of "lack of fresh products." When it closed in 1992, it had 26 remaining stores, having earlier closed even more than that.

Described as "the New York area's biggest retailer of electronics and appliances" by a financial writer at The New York Times, the firm had been listed on the American Stock Exchange.

Cut throat competition
Cut throat competition is a term that was widely used to describe the reason for consumer protection regulation, labour law, and enforcement of competition law or antitrust, in the late 19th and early 20th century.

In economics, cut throat competition is also referred to as ruinous, excessive or unfettered competition. More generally, cut throat competition is also subsumed under the term "destructive competition".

Many countries have strict legislation against cut throat competition and anti-competitive practices in pricing.

According to the Federal Trade Commission, the alleged necessity of a pricing agreement to avoid cut-throat competition is not considered a valid defense in the case of a proven price fixing agreement.
Michael Colgan (actor)
Michael Colgan (born 1972 or 1973 as Michael Hughes in Keady, County Armagh) is a Northern Irish actor, novelist and academic, currently a Senior Lecturer in Creative Writing at Queen Mary University of London.

St Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh
St Patrick's Grammar School (Irish: Scoil Ghramadaí Naomh Pádraig) is a Roman Catholic boys' voluntary grammar school in Armagh, Northern Ireland. The present‑day school was officially opened on Thursday, 27 October 1988, by the late Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich, then Chairman of the Board of Governors, and was the result of the amalgamation of two of Northern Ireland's oldest grammar schools – St Patrick's College and the Christian Brothers' Grammar School at Greenpark – both with traditions dating back to the 1830s.

In 2014–15 the school expanded following the closure of St Brigid's High School (Armagh) and immediately moved away from academic selection – becoming the last Catholic grammar school in the Armagh and Craigavon area to do so. Enrollment was increased to 1250, and a £3 million renovation was initiated at that time. Further expansion is planned as part of the School Enhancement Programme.
Konstantin Makarov (ice hockey)
Konstantin Makarov (born September 17, 1985) is a Russian professional ice hockey player who is currently playing with Metallurg Novokuznetsk in the Supreme Hockey League (VHL). He is the younger brother to Dmitri Makarov who also plays professionally in the KHL.

Makarov was a member of the Russian team that toured the Central Hockey League in 2003.

Metallurg Novokuznetsk
Metallurg Novokuznetsk (Russian: Металлург Новокузнецк Shor: Металлург Аба-тура) is a professional ice hockey team from Siberia based in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. They are currently members of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).
CHEX-DT-2
CHEX-DT-2 (channel 22) is a television station licensed to Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, serving the Regional Municipality of Durham. It is owned and operated by the Global Television Network, a division of Corus Entertainment, and maintains studios on Simcoe Street (just north of King Street) in Downtown Oshawa and a transmitter on Enfield Road in Clarington.

CHEX-TV-2 was originally a CBC Television affiliate until August 31, 2015, when it became an affiliate of CTV. On August 14, 2018, it was announced that CHEX-TV-2's affiliation agreement with CTV would expire on August 27; the station subsequently became a Global owned-and-operated station known as Global Durham as of September 6.

Although operating as a separate station from Peterborough sister station CHEX-DT, it retains the CHEX-DT-2 callsign used when the station operated as a rebroadcaster of CHEX.

Global Television Network
The Global Television Network (more commonly called Global, or occasionally Global TV) is a Canadian English-language terrestrial television network. It is currently Canada's second most-watched private terrestrial television network after CTV, and has fifteen owned-and-operated stations throughout the country. Global is owned by Corus Entertainment — the media holdings of JR Shaw and other members of his family.

Global has its origins in a regional television station of the same name, serving Southern Ontario, which launched in 1974. The Ontario station was soon purchased by the now-defunct CanWest Global Communications, and that company gradually expanded its national reach in the subsequent decades through both acquisitions and new station launches, building up a quasi-network of independent stations, known as the CanWest Global System, until the stations were unified under the Ontario station's branding in 1997.
Julian Piper
Julian Charles Piper (10 August 1947 – 14 September 2019) was a British blues guitarist, singer, writer, promoter and record producer, described in The Guardian as "one of the UK’s foremost champions of African-American blues".

Dave Berry (musician)
Dave Berry (born David Holgate Grundy, 6 February 1939) is an English rock singer and former teen idol during the 1960s. His best-remembered hits are "Memphis, Tennessee", "The Crying Game" (1964) and his 1965 hit "Little Things", a cover version of Bobby Goldsboro's Stateside Records top 40 success.
Parkland Conference
The Parkland Conference is a former high school athletic conference with its membership concentrated in southeastern Wisconsin. It was in existence from 1963 to 2006 and all member schools were affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
Ojos de Agua, El Salvador
Ojos de Agua is a district in the Chalatenango Department of El Salvador. It is about 1700 feet (or about 1.1 kilometers) from the border of Honduras and El Salvador, which is formed by the Rio Sumpul.

The name "Ojos de Agua" translates from Spanish to "Water Eyes."

Sumpul River
The Sumpul River (Spanish: río Sumpul) is a river in north-western El Salvador on the border with Honduras. It flows through the Chalatenango Department.

On 14 May 1980, the river and the nearby village of Las Aradas were the site of a massacre by the Salvadoran Armed Forces that left between 300 and 600 people dead.
6th Alberta Legislature
The 6th Alberta Legislative Assembly was in session from February 10, 1927, to May 10, 1930, with the membership of the assembly determined by the results of the 1926 Alberta general election held on June 28, 1926. The Legislature officially resumed on February 10, 1927, and continued until the fourth session was prorogued on April 3, 1930, and dissolved on May 10, 1930, prior to the 1930 Alberta general election.

Alberta's sixth government was controlled by the majority United Farmers of Alberta for the second time, led by Premier John Edward Brownlee. There was no Official Opposition in Alberta between 1926 and 1941 due to the Independent Movement which saw a majority of non-UFA candidates elected as independents. The Speaker was George Norman Johnston.

The 1926 Alberta general election formed the first legislature that was elected under Single Transferable Vote.

Prorogation in Canada
Prorogation is the end of a parliamentary session in the Parliament of Canada and the parliaments of its provinces and territories.  It differs from a recess or adjournment, which do not end a session; and differs from a complete dissolution of parliament, which ends both the session and the entire parliament, requiring an election for the House of Commons in the bicameral federal parliament and the singular legislative chamber of the unicameral provincial parliaments.

In the Canadian parliamentary system, the legislature is typically prorogued upon the completion of the agenda set forth in the Speech from the Throne and remains in recess until the monarch or governor general, in the federal sphere, or lieutenant governor, in a province, summons parliamentarians. From 2008 to present, prorogation has been the subject of discussion among academics, the Canadian public, and their political representatives.
Chionoecetes
Chionoecetes is a genus of crabs that live in the northern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

Common names for crabs in this genus include "queen crab" (in Canada) and "spider crab". The generic name Chionoecetes means snow (χιών, chion) inhabitant (οἰκητης, oiketes); opilio means shepherd, and C. opilio is the primary species referred to as snow crab. Marketing strategies, however, employ snow crab for any species in the genus Chionoecetes. The name "snow crab" refers to their being commonly found in cold northern oceans.

Shepherd
A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations; it exists in many parts of the globe, and it is an important part of pastoralist animal husbandry.

Because the occupation is so widespread, many religions and cultures have symbolic or metaphorical references to shepherds. For example, Jesus called himself the Good Shepherd, and ancient Greek mythologies highlighted shepherds such as Endymion and Daphnis. This symbolism and shepherds as characters are at the center of pastoral literature and art.
2023 Oksibil attacks
The 2023 Oksibil attacks were conducted by the separatist West Papua National Liberation Army (TPNPB) periodically on Oksibil, the seat of Bintang Mountains Regency, Highland Papua from 7 January to 12 January 2023. According to the Regional Police of Papua, the Bintang Mountains is one of 7 regencies that are vulnerable to separatist attacks.

Bintang Mountains Regency
Pegunungan Bintang Regency or Bintang Mountains Regency ("Bintang" means "star") is a regency in the Indonesian province of Highland Papua. It was created on 11 December 2002 from the north-eastern districts of Jayawijaya Regency. It covers an area of 15,683 km2, and had a population of 65,434 at the 2010 Census and 77,872 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 114,581 – comprising 61,112 males and 53,469 females. The administrative centre is the town of Oksibil.
Arab invasion of Armenia
The Arab invasion of Armenia was a series of military campaigns conducted in 639–661 CE by the Rashidun Caliphate against the Byzantine Empire in Byzantine Armenia as part of the wider early Muslim conquests and centuries-long Arab–Byzantine wars.

The first Arab raids into the country occurred in 639/640. At that time, the Byzantine and Sasanian parts of Armenia had just been united under the Byzantine-aligned Armenian prince Theodore Rshtuni. Several Arab attacks and Byzantine-Armenian counterattacks occurred in the 640s. In 652, facing a renewed Arab assault, Rshtuni broke with the Byzantines and made an agreement with Mu'awiya, who was then governor of Syria, and accepted Muslim rule. Rshtuni's death in 654 and Arab internal conflicts after 656 temporarily weakened Arab control over Armenia, but Arab rule was decisively reasserted after Mu'awiya's accession as caliph in 661.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
N-Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase, also known as ASMT, is an enzyme which catalyzes the final reaction in melatonin biosynthesis: converting Normelatonin to melatonin. This reaction is embedded in the more general tryptophan metabolism pathway.  The enzyme also catalyzes a second reaction in tryptophan metabolism: the conversion of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetate to 5-methoxy-indoleacetate.  The other enzyme which catalyzes this reaction is N-acetylserotonin-o-methyltransferase-like-protein.

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is the main metabolite of serotonin. The metabolic intermediate 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAL) is formed from serotonin by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and then 5-HIAA is formed from 5-HIAL via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). In chemical analysis of urine samples, 5-HIAA is used to determine serotonin levels in the body.
Mate-Demate Device
The Mate-Demate Device was a specialized gantry crane designed to lift a Space Shuttle orbiter onto and off the back of a Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA). Two Mate-Demate Devices were built, one at the Armstrong Flight Research Center in California, the other at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. A third Orbiter Lifting Fixture was to serve a similar function at the Vandenberg Air Force Base, the proposed West Coast launch location for the Shuttle. It was later moved to Palmdale to support the plant where the Shuttle was built and refurbished. A portable sling was also built to support mate-demate operations away from the primary locations.

Vandenberg Space Force Base
Vandenberg Space Force Base (IATA: VBG, ICAO: KVBG, FAA LID: VBG), previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.
Keyed Up
Keyed Up is the fifteenth studio album by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap, released in 1983. It featured the No. 5 country chart hit "Stranger in My House", plus the No. 1 country hits "Don't You Know How Much I Love You", "Show Her" and "Is It Over". The song "Is It Over" experienced a major surge in popularity in the Philippines that always requested and played in different radio stations. It was also a revival song by the "Philippines' Queen of Soul" Jaya, which include this song to her album Cool Change, released in 2007.

Ronnie Milsap
Ronnie Lee Milsap (born Ronald Lee Millsaps; January 16, 1943) is an American country music singer and pianist. He was one of country music's most popular and influential performers of the 1970s and 1980s. Nearly completely blind from birth, he became one of the most successful and versatile country "crossover" singers of his time, appealing to both country and pop music markets with hit songs that incorporated pop, R&B, and rock and roll elements. His biggest crossover hits include "It Was Almost Like a Song", "Smoky Mountain Rain", "(There's) No Gettin' Over Me", "I Wouldn't Have Missed It for the World", "Any Day Now", "Is It Over" and "Stranger in My House". He is credited with six Grammy Awards and 35 number-one country hits, fourth to George Strait, Conway Twitty, and Merle Haggard. He was selected for induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2014.
Clathrina camura
Clathrina camura is a species of calcareous sponge from the Atlantic Ocean.

Clathrina camura is known from the coastal waters of northern Norway and Greenland from depths between 27 and 200 m (89 and 656 ft).

Calcareous sponge
The calcareous sponges or calcereans are sponges that make up the class Calcarea, characterized by spicules made of calcium carbonate in the form of high-magnesium calcite or aragonite. While the spicules in most species are triradiate (with three points in a single plane), some species may possess two- or four-pointed spicules. Unlike the far more common siliceous sponges, calcareans lack microscleres, tiny spicules which reinforce the flesh. In addition, their spicules develop from the outside-in, mineralizing within a hollow organic sheath.
Kendall Smith
Kendall A. Smith is an American medical scientist best known for his work on interleukins, the regulatory molecules of the immune system, which has led to many of the new present-day therapies for immunological disorders, transplant rejection, infectious diseases and cancer. Smith is a Professor Emeritus of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine.

Journal of Immunology
The Journal of Immunology is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes basic and clinical studies in all aspects of immunology. Established in 1916, it changed its name to Journal of Immunology, Virus Research and Experimental Chemotherapy from 1943 to 1949, then returned to the original Journal of Immunology in 1950. It is the official journal of the American Association of Immunologists. The editor-in-chief is Gail A. Bishop.
Marine Wing Support Squadron 471
Marine Wing Support Squadron 471 (MWSS-471) is a United States Marine Corps Reserve aviation ground support unit. Nicknamed the "Red Wolves," the squadron headquarters is in Minneapolis, Minnesota with outlying detachments in Johnstown, Pennsylvania (Det A) and Selfridge Air National Guard Base, Michigan (Det B Engineer Company). The squadron falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 41 and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.

United States Marine Corps Reserve
The Marine Forces Reserve (MARFORRES or MFR), also known as the United States Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR) and the U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve, is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. The Marine Corps Reserve is an expeditionary, warfighting organization and primarily designed to augment and reinforce the active duty units of the Marine Corps in their expeditionary role. It is the largest command, by assigned personnel, in the U.S. Marine Corps.

Marines in the Reserve go through the same training and work in the same Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) as their active-duty counterparts. The United States Marine Corps Reserve was established when Congress passed the Naval Appropriations Act of 29 August 1916, and is responsible for providing trained units and qualified individuals to be mobilized for active duty in time of war, national emergency, or contingency operations.
Sevilla (Albéniz)
Sevilla is a composition by Isaac Albéniz from his Suite Española No. 1. Albeniz premiered Sevilla himself in a piano performance on 24 January 1886 and dedicated it to the wife of Count Morphy. Since it has been transcribed for classical guitar it has become one of the most important works of the classical guitar repertoire. It has been played and recorded by guitarists such as Julian Bream and John Williams and many others. It is generally played in the key of G major.

Julian Bream
Julian Alexander Bream CBE (15 July 1933 – 14 August 2020) was an English classical guitarist and lutenist. Regarded as one of the most distinguished classical guitarists of the 20th century, he played a significant role in improving the public perception of the classical guitar as a respectable instrument. Over the course of a career that spanned more than half a century, Bream also helped revive interest in the lute.
Yalynske
Yalynske (Ukrainian: Ялинське) is a village in southeastern Ukraine, located in Staromlynivka rural hromada, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast.

The village was captured by Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine that began in 2022. In June 2023, the Ukrainian military claimed to have destroyed Russian 2S19 Msta-S systems in the village by using GMLRS-guided rockets.

Volnovakha Raion
Volnovakha Raion (Ukrainian: Волноваський район, romanized: Volnovas'kyj rajon) is one of the eight raions (administrative districts) of Donetsk Oblast, in southeastern Ukraine. Its administrative center is in the city of Volnovakha. The raion's population is 139,014 (2022 estimate).
Mortgage acceleration
Mortgage acceleration is the practice of paying off a mortgage loan faster than required by terms of the mortgage agreement. As interest on mortgages is compounded, early payments diminish the period needed to pay off the mortgage, and avoid a quotient of compounded interest.

A commonplace method of mortgage acceleration is a so-called bi-weekly payment plan, in which half of the normal calendar monthly payment is made every two weeks, so that 13/12 of the yearly amount due is paid per annum. Commonplace too, is the practice of making ad hoc additional payments. The agreements associated with certain mortgages preclude or penalize early payments.

Compound interest
Compound interest is interest accumulated from a principal sum and previously accumulated interest. It is the result of reinvesting or retaining interest that would otherwise be paid out, or of the accumulation of debts from a borrower.

Compound interest is contrasted with simple interest, where previously accumulated interest is not added to the principal amount of the current period. Compounded interest depends on the simple interest rate applied and the frequency at which the interest is compounded.