hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward George Horder
Edward George Horder (1852-Nov 22, 1908) was an English medical missionary to China notable for his work with leprosy patients. As a member of the Church Missionary Society (C.M.S.), Horder spent 25 years in the city of Pakhoi–now Beihai–building and operating the first mission hospital in the Guangdong province. In addition to becoming the second-largest C.M.S. mission hospital in China, Horder's Pakhoi mission station was the first institution in the region to treat leprosy patients. Even after Horder's departure, the hospital remained a health center in Beihai and was the site of service for a generation of new missionaries. Although the leper wing closed in 1936, the hospital itself still survives as the Beihai People Hospital.

Church Mission Society
The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British Anglican mission society working internationally with Christians. CMS was founded in 1799, and has given its name "CMS" to a number of daughter organisations around the world, including Australia and New Zealand, which have now become independent.
2024 Makarska International Championships – Doubles
Sabrina Santamaria and Iryna Shymanovich won the doubles title at the 2024 Makarska International Championships, defeating Nao Hibino and Oksana Kalashnikova in the final, 6–4, 3–6, [10–6].

Ingrid Neel and Wu Fang-hsien were the reigning champions, but Neel was still competing at the French Open. Wu partnered Valeriya Strakhova, but lost in the first round to Tena Lukas and Kristina Mladenovic.

2024 French Open – Women's doubles
Coco Gauff and Kateřina Siniaková defeated Sara Errani and Jasmine Paolini in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–3 to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 2024 French Open. It was Gauff's first major women's doubles title and Siniaková's eighth.

Hsieh Su-wei and Wang Xinyu were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Hsieh partnered with Elise Mertens, but lost in the second round to Emma Navarro and Diana Shnaider; Mertens was vying to complete a career Grand Slam. Wang partnered with Ena Shibahara, but lost in the third round to Gauff and Siniaková.

Mertens regained the WTA No. 1 doubles ranking from Hsieh at the end of the tournament. Erin Routliffe and Laura Siegemund were also in contention for the top ranking at the beginning of the tournament.
Vesyoloyarsk
Vesyoloyarsk (Russian: Весёлоярск) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Vesyoloyarsky Selsoviet, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 4,940 as of 2013. There are 26 streets. It is located by the adjacent to the Kazakhstan–Russia border.

Rubtsovsky District
Rubtsovsky District (Russian: Рубцо́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 3,339 square kilometers (1,289 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Rubtsovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  24,556 (2010 census); 26,407 (2002 census); 26,060 (1989 Soviet census).
Bear Creek (Bull Creek tributary)
Bear Creek is a stream in Christian and Taney counties in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. It is a tributary of Bull Creek.

The stream headwaters are at 36°51′01″N 93°19′42″W﻿ / ﻿36.85028°N 93.32833°W﻿ / 36.85028; -93.32833 and the confluence with Bull Creek is at 36°43′49″N 93°11′47″W﻿ / ﻿36.73028°N 93.19639°W﻿ / 36.73028; -93.19639 at an elevation of 735 ft (224 m). The source area for the stream is in the southwest corner of Christian County adjacent to U.S. Route 160 about two miles southwest of Spokane. The stream flows south and southeast and flows under U.S. Route 65 along Bear Creek Road. It crosses under US 160 and enters Bull Creek just southwest of Walnut Shade.

Taney County, Missouri
Taney County is a county in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 56,066. Its county seat is Forsyth. It is included in the Branson Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Taney County was officially organized on January 4, 1837, and named in honor of Roger Brooke Taney, the fifth Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, best known for delivering the infamous majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford. However, unlike Roger B. Taney, who pronounced his name /ˈtɔːni/, the "Taney" in Taney County is generally pronounced /ˈteɪni/.

The county includes the popular tourist destinations Branson and Table Rock, Taneycomo and Bull Shoals lakes.
Green Buffaloes F.C.
Green Buffaloes Football Club is a Zambian professional football club based in Lusaka that competes in the Zambia Super League, the top flight of Zambian football. Founded in 1965 as the Zambian Army Football Club, an association football extension of the Zambian Army, it plays its home matches at the Independence Stadium.

Having previously dominated Zambian football from the early 1970s until the late 1990s, it is one of the country's most successful club winning every single current and historic title on offer. This collection includes 5 League Cups, 4 Shield Challenge Cups, 3 Charity Shields, 2 Heroes and Unit Cups, 3 Champion of Champions Cups and one of the Zambian Challenge Cup, Mosi Cup and Barclays/ABSA Cup.

Green Buffaloes is among four Zambian teams to have won three league titles in a row. In 1975 and 1979, the club won the domestic treble of the League, Champion of Champions and Shield Challenge Cup titles.

Football in Zambia
Association football is the most popular sport in Zambia. The sport of football in the country of Zambia is run by the Football Association of Zambia. The association administers the national male and female teams, as well as the Premier League, and the Women Super Division. 1993 Zambia national football team air disaster is considered one of the most signification moments in Zambian football.
Penang Development Corporation
The Penang Development Corporation (abbrev. PDC) is a state-owned economic development corporation in the Malaysian state of Penang. Established in 1969, it serves as the primary development agency of Penang, responsible for planning and implementing development within the state. As a statutory body of the Penang state government, the PDC is chaired by the state's Chief Minister who serves as its chairman, while oversight is provided by the federal Ministry of Economy.

Statutory body
A statutory body or statutory authority is a body set up by law (statute) that is authorised to implement certain legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state, sometimes by being empowered or delegated to set rules (for example regulations or statutory instruments) in their field. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries like Australia, Canada, India and New Zealand. They are also found in Hong Kong, Israel and elsewhere. Statutory authorities may also be statutory corporations, if created as a body corporate.
Ayn Robbins
Ayn Robbins is a lyricist and poet. She is best known for co-writing with Carol Connors the lyrics for two Academy Award and Grammy nominated songs, "Gonna Fly Now" from Rocky (1976; music by Bill Conti) and "Someone's Waiting for You" from The Rescuers (1977; music by Sammy Fain).

Sammy Fain
Sammy Fain (born Samuel E. Feinberg; June 17, 1902 – December 6, 1989) was an American composer of popular music. In the 1920s and early 1930s, he contributed numerous songs that form part of The Great American Songbook, and to Broadway theatre.
PolySeSouvient
PolySeSouvient (French for PolyRemembers) is a Canadian gun-control advocacy organization.

The non-profit organization was founded by survivors of the Ecole Polytechnique massacre. One of them, Nathalie Provost serves as the spokesperson. Heidi Rathjen is the groups coordinator.

Gun control
Gun control, or firearms regulation, is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms and ammunition by civilians.

Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent misuse or violence. They typically restrict ownership of firearms with certain characteristics, and require a mandatory gun safety course and firearms license to own a gun.

Only a few countries, such as Iraq, Yemen, Pakistan and the United States are considered permissive jurisdictions.

In some countries, such as Australia or the United States, measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels. Countries like the United States and Mexico have constitutionally protected gun rights.
The Glass Tower
The Glass Tower (German: Der gläserne Turm) is a 1957 West German drama film directed by Harald Braun and starring Lilli Palmer, O.E. Hasse and Peter van Eyck. It was made by Bavaria Film at their studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art director Walter Haag. Palmer plays the role of an adulterous socialite.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
Pseudopostega crassifurcata
Pseudopostega crassifurcata is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Donald R. Davis and Jonas R. Stonis, 2007. It is known from the Sierra Maestra of south-eastern Cuba.

The length of the forewings is about 2.5 mm. Adults have been recorded in July.

Opostegidae
Opostegidae or "white eyecap moths" is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera that is characterised by particularly large eyecaps over the compound eyes (see also Nepticulidae, Bucculatricidae, Lyonetiidae). Opostegidae are most diverse in the New World tropics (83 described species, representing 42% of the world total).

These small, whitish moths are probably miners in plant stems. Examples of host plants used in Europe are Lycopus, Mentha and Rumex, but their biology is poorly known. The subfamily Oposteginae comprises 87 described species and Opostegoidinae includes 15 described species.
1935 Singapore Open
The 1935 Singapore Open, also known as the 1935 Singapore Badminton Championships, took place from 13 July – 15 September 1935 at the Clerical Union Hall in Balestier, Singapore. The ties were played over a few months with the first round ties being played on the 13th of July and the last (men's singles final) was played on the 15th of September. There were no women's singles and doubles competitions being held due to the lack of entries.

Balestier
Balestier (traditional Chinese: 馬里士他; simplified Chinese: 马里士他) is a sub zone located in the planning area of Novena in the Central Region of Singapore. The main road, Balestier Road, links Thomson Road to Serangoon Road and the road continues on as Lavender Street. The area is home to rows of shophouses, such as the Sim Kwong Ho shophouses, the Balestier Art Deco shophouses, 412-418 Balestier Road, and 601-639 Balestier Road, low-rise apartments and commercial buildings as well as a shopping mall known as Shaw Plaza. Balestier also has another mall, Zhongshan Mall. There are several lighting and electrical shops along Balestier Road, which is also home to the Ceylon Sports Club and the Indian Association. The area is known for its food such as bak kut teh and chicken rice. In the area, there are several apartments, condominiums, and budget hotels.
EastRider
EastRider is the brand name given to a network of long-distance bus services across the East Riding of Yorkshire and North Yorkshire, operated by Go-Ahead Group company East Yorkshire. The EastRider services, all operating from Kingston upon Hull, serve the destinations of Bridlington, Goole, Hornsea, Withernsea and York using a fleet of specially-branded high-specification buses.

East Yorkshire (bus company)
East Yorkshire operates both local and regional bus services in the East Riding of Yorkshire and North Yorkshire, England.   In North Yorkshire the company's buses are branded North Riding.  The company was acquired by the Go-Ahead Group in June 2018.
Konstantin, 2nd Prince of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim
Konstantin Dominik Franz zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim (4 August 1798 – 10 February 1856) was an officer of the Grand Duchy of Baden and, from, 1831 Prince of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim. As such he was a member of the First Chamber of the Estates of Baden until the sale of the Estates in 1839.

Peter von Cornelius
Peter von Cornelius (23 September 1783, Düsseldorf – 6 March 1867, Berlin) was a German painter and one of the main representatives of the Nazarene movement. He was the uncle of the composer Peter Cornelius (1824–1874).
Limping bimetallism
Limping bimetallism was a monetary system in the United States that was dependent partially on silver but primarily on gold. It was developed after the abandonment of bimetallism and the adoption of the gold standard in 1873. The Bland–Allison Act of 1878 allowed the coining of new silver dollars, thus creating this system. Contrary to popular belief, the limping standard was not abandoned upon enactment of the Gold Standard Act of 1900.

Monetary system
A monetary system is a system where a government manages money in a country's economy. Modern monetary systems usually consist of the national treasury, the mint, the central banks and commercial banks.

Choice of monetary system affects inflation rates, trade balances, and exchange rates. Throughout history, countries have used various approaches, including commodity money like gold, representative money backed by precious metals, and modern fiat money backed by government authority.
Semmes (surname)
Semmes is a surname. Notable people with it include:

Albert G. Semmes (1810–1883), American lawyer and politician

Alexander Alderman Semmes (1825–1885), American Civil War Union Navy commodore

Benedict J. Semmes, Jr. (1913–1994), United States Navy admiral

Benedict Joseph Semmes (1789–1863), American politician and Maryland State Senator

Bernard B. Semmes, a mayor of Newport News, Virginia

Paul Jones Semmes (1815–1863), a banker, businessman, and a Confederate General in the American Civil War

Raphael Semmes (1809–1877), an officer in both the U.S. Navy and Confederate Navy

Stephen Semmes, a Professor of Mathematics at Rice University

Thomas J. Semmes (1824–1899), a member of the Louisiana state legislature

T. Semmes Walmsley (1889–1942), Mayor of New Orleans

Raphael Semmes
Raphael Semmes (/sɪmz/ SIMZ; September 27, 1809 – August 30, 1877) was an officer in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War. He had served as an officer in the United States Navy from 1826 to 1860.

During the American Civil War, Semmes was captain of the cruiser CSS Alabama, the most successful commerce raider in maritime history, taking 65 prizes. Late in the war, he was promoted to rear admiral. He also acted as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army from April 5 to April 26, 1865, although this appointment was never submitted to or officially confirmed by the Confederate Senate.
Hamza Bešić
Hamza Bešić (born 27 September 2000) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for First League of FBiH club Stupčanica Olovo. Previously he played for Sarajevo and was loaned to Olimpik, Vis Simm-Bau and Goražde.

FK Olimpik
Fudbalski klub Olimpik Sarajevo (lit. 'Football Club Olimpik Sarajevo') was a professional football club from Sarajevo, based in the part of the city which is called Otoka. Being one of the first teams to be formed in independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, they started off playing in the top tier right at the start of the club's formation in 1993. Having played in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in several swaths since 1994, after the 2016–17 season they were relegated into the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the country's second-tier league, where they played until the 2019–20 season, before getting promoted back to the Premier League.

Olimpik's only prestigious trophy came in the 2014–15 season, when the club beat Široki Brijeg to win the Bosnian Cup.
John Rorke
John Rorke (June 9, 1807 – August 13, 1896) was an Irish-born merchant and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Carbonear in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1866 to 1882 as a Conservative and Confederate.

He was born in Athlone and came to Newfoundland in 1824, working as a clerk for Bennett and Ridley, a fishery supply firm. In 1830, he established his own firm in Carbonear. He married Mary Toque.

In 1859, a fire destroyed most of Carbonear, including Rorke's business and home; rebuilding began in the following year, and some of the rebuilt stone buildings remain as heritage structures in Carbonear. Rorke served as a member of the Executive Council from 1879 to 1882. He died in Carbonear at the age of 89.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis  is a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus occurring on the scrotum.: 528  However, the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood are normal. Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis typically affects young males, with an onset between adolescence and early adulthood. The scrotal calcinosis appears, without any symptoms, as yellowish nodules that range in size from 1 mm to several centimeters.

Without known links to other lesions or systemic pre-conditions, scrotal calcinosis was considered idiopathic. It is not related to calcium phosphate imbalance or renal insufficiency. By 2010, studies supported that epidermoid cysts are believed to be caused by dystrophic calcification. This process involves subclinical inflammation, rupture, calcification, and cyst wall obliteration.

Dystrophic calcification
Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinized scars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas, and caseous nodules. This occurs as a reaction to tissue damage, including as a consequence of medical device implantation. Dystrophic calcification can occur even if the amount of calcium in the blood is not elevated, in contrast to metastatic calcification, which is a consequence of a systemic mineral imbalance, including hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia, that leads to calcium deposition in healthy tissues.  In dystrophic calcification, basophilic calcium salt deposits aggregate, first in the mitochondria, then progressively throughout the cell.  These calcifications are an indication of previous microscopic cell injury, occurring in areas of cell necrosis when activated phosphatases bind calcium ions to phospholipids in the membrane.
Sophronius (theologian)
Sophronius (Greek: Σωφρόνιος, romanized: Sōphronios; fl. c. AD 392) was a Christian theologian and translator of the late 4th century AD, a friend of Jerome.

In Jerome's De viris illustribus, he writes that Sophronius wrote "In praise of Bethlehem," which was Jerome's hometown; it is believed that Sophronius was a native speaker of Greek and that he also lived in Bethlehem as part of Jerome's learned community. He also wrote:

On the overthrow of Serapis, referring to the Graeco-Egyptian god Serapis whose worship was displaced by Christianity

To Eustachius On Virginity (perhaps to Eustathius of Antioch, a zealous critic of Arianism)

Life of Hilarion the monk, a hagiography of Hilarion (291–371)

He also translated some of Jerome's work into Greek. Jerome dedicated his Latin Psalters to Sophronius.

Hilarion
Hilarion (291–371), also known by the bynames of Thavata, of Gaza, and in the Orthodox Church as the Great was a Christian anchorite who spent most of his life in the desert according to the example of Anthony the Great (c. 251–356). While Anthony is considered to have established Christian monasticism in the  Egyptian Desert, Hilarion, who lived in the coastal area near Gaza, is considered by his biographer Jerome (c. 342/347 – 420), to be the founder of  Palestinian monasticism - regarding this claim see also Hilarion's contemporary, Chariton (mid-3rd century – c. 350), founder of monasticism in the Judaean Desert. Hilarion is venerated as a saint exemplifying monastic virtues by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.
Tom Jay Williams
Tom Jay Williams (born 14 May 1992) is an Australian pop singer and songwriter who was the youngest finalist on the Australian Idol series placing 10th on Season 6 in 2008 at 16 years old. He subsequently signed to Sony Music Australia and released his debut single LOL in March 2010. His 2017 single 'Closure' led to a partnership with YouTube and reached number 2 on Japanese music charts.

Australian Idol
Australian Idol is an Australian singing competition, which began its first season in July 2003 and ended its initial run in November 2009. As part of the Idol franchise, Australian Idol originated from the reality program Pop Idol, which was created by British entertainment executive Simon Fuller. Australian Idol was televised on Network Ten for its first seven series and was broadcast on the Southern Cross Austereo Radio Network between 2005 and 2007. The series returned in 2023 after Seven Network announced they would be picking up the show.
Mothers' pensions
Mothers' pensions, also referred to as mothers' aid or widows' aid, were cash payments distributed to impoverished single mothers in the United States during the first three decades of the 20th century. Introduced during the Progressive Era, they were among the earliest components of the modern American welfare state and were the first public cash assistance programs targeted to single mothers.

Mother's pensions were aimed at family preservation, intending to provide the means for poor single mothers to care for their children in their own homes. While primarily targeted at widows, they were also sometimes authorized for women whose husbands had deserted them, were confined to mental hospitals or prisons, or were physically or mentally incapacitated. They were financed and administered by state and local governments, and served as a precursor to the federal Aid to Dependent Children program created by the Social Security Act of 1935.

Outdoor relief
Outdoor relief, an obsolete term originating with the Elizabethan Poor Law (1601), was a programme of social welfare and poor relief. Assistance was given in the form of money, food, clothing or goods  to alleviate poverty without the requirement that the recipient enter an institution. In contrast, recipients of indoor relief were required to enter an almshouse, orphanage, workhouse or poorhouse. Outdoor relief consisted of hot meals and provision of blankets and things necessary for homeless persons. Outdoor relief was also a feature of the Scottish Poor Laws and the Irish Poor Laws.