hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christopher Kelk Ingold
Sir Christopher Kelk Ingold BEM FRS (28 October 1893 – 8 December 1970) was a British chemist based in Leeds and London. His groundbreaking work in the 1920s and 1930s on reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds was responsible for the introduction into mainstream chemistry of concepts such as nucleophile, electrophile, inductive and resonance effects, and such descriptors as SN1, SN2, E1, and E2 now known as the Hughes–Ingold symbols. He also was a co-author of the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules. Ingold is regarded as one of the chief pioneers of physical organic chemistry.

Inductive effect
In organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond.
It is present in a σ (sigma) bond, unlike the electromeric effect which is present in a π (pi) bond.

The halogen atoms in an alkyl halide are electron withdrawing while the alkyl groups have electron donating tendencies. If the electronegative atom (missing an electron, thus having a positive charge) is then joined to a chain of atoms, typically carbon, the positive charge is relayed to the other atoms in the chain. This is the electron-withdrawing inductive effect, also known as the −I effect. In short, alkyl groups tend to donate electrons, leading to the +I effect. Its experimental basis is the ionization constant. It is distinct from and often opposite to the mesomeric effect.
Ted Ellis (artist)
Ted Ellis (born 1963) is an American artist and former environmental chemist. Ellis is best known for his African-American themed art and styles which blend elements of folk art, naturalism and impressionism. His personal rendition of Barack Obama in acrylic, Obama, the 44th President, was presented in honor of the 2009 Presidential Inauguration.

Ellis' art business has sold over 1.75 million fine art products, and he works with a number of prominent corporations. He is also known for his community work, especially advancing arts in children's education.

New Orleans African American Museum
The New Orleans African American Museum (NOAAM) is a museum in New Orleans, Louisiana's visiting Tremé neighborhood, the oldest-surviving black community in the United States. The NOAAM of Art, Culture and History seeks to educate and to preserve, interpret, and promote the contributions that people of African descent have made to the development of New Orleans and Louisiana culture, as slaves and as free people of color throughout the history of American slavery as well as during emancipation, Reconstruction, and contemporary times.
Gary Barnacle
Gary Barnacle (born 1959) is an English saxophonist, flautist, brass instrument arranger, composer, and producer. Barnacle is primarily noted for his session work and live work, including various Prince's Trust concerts at Wembley Arena, the Royal Albert Hall and the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham. He performed at the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute at Wembley Stadium in 1988, and appeared on television and in music videos during the 1980s and 1990s with many popular music acts. He was also in a new wave duo called Leisure Process from 1982 to 1983 with ex-Positive Noise singer Ross Middleton.

Wembley Arena
Wembley Arena (/ˈwɛmbli/) (originally the Empire Pool, currently known as OVO Arena Wembley for sponsorship reasons) is an indoor arena next to Wembley Stadium in Wembley,  Greater London, England.  The 12,500-seat facility is Greater London's second-largest indoor arena after the O2 Arena, and the ninth-largest in the United Kingdom.

The Empire Pool (also known as Empire Pool and Sports Arena) was built for the 1934 British Empire Games by Arthur Elvin. As its original name suggested, it was where the games' swimming events were held. The pool was last used for the 1948 Summer Olympics. The modern arena is now used as a venue for music, comedy, family entertainment and sport.
Budiša
Budiša is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Igor Budiša (born 1977), Croatian footballer

Dražen Budiša (born 1948), Croatian politician

Nediljko Budisa (born 1966), Croatian scientist

Dražen Budiša
Dražen Budiša (born 25 July 1948) is a Croatian politician who used to be a leading opposition figure in the 1990s and a two-time presidential candidate. As president of the Croatian Social Liberal Party through the 1990s he remains to date the only Leader of the Opposition not to have been from either the Croatian Democratic Union or the Social Democratic Party.
Stephanie Enright (curler)
Stephanie Enright (born Stephanie Walker) is a Canadian curler from Rosalind, Alberta.  She represented the University of Alberta at the University Nationals twice, and in 2017 she was part of the team which won the Canadian Open as a member of Team Casey Scheidegger.

Enright's brother, Geoff Walker, is also a curler and was World Champion in 2017. She is married to fellow curler and 2010 Olympic gold medallist Adam Enright.

Rosalind, Alberta
Rosalind is a village located in the prairies of central Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 854, approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Edmonton and 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Camrose, the closest major trading centre.

The name Rosalind was first used in 1905 and is likely an amalgamation of the nearby school districts Montrose and East Lynne.

Rosalind has a number of small businesses, an elementary school and a junior high school. The village provides various municipal services to its residents including fire protection.
WMDV-LD
WMDV-LD (channel 23) is a low-power independent television station in Danville, Virginia, United States. Owned by the Star News Corporation, it is sister to fellow independent station WGSR-LD in Reidsville, North Carolina. WMDV-LD's transmitter is located atop White Oak Mountain south of Chatham, Virginia.

Under former owners Tri-State Christian Television (TCT), the station aired the schedule of full-power Christian broadcaster WLXI-TV from Greensboro, North Carolina. Star News re-launched the station as an independent outlet serving the cities of Martinsville and Danville.

Martinsville, Virginia
Martinsville is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,485. A community of both Southside and Southwest Virginia, it is the county seat of Henry County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Martinsville with Henry County for statistical purposes.

Martinsville is the principal city of the Martinsville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes the communities and towns of Axton, Bassett, Chatmoss, Collinsville, Fieldale, Horsepasture, Laurel Park, Oak Level, Sandy Level, Stanleytown, Villa Heights, Spencer and Ridgeway. The Martinsville Micropolitan Area has a population of 63,765 as of the 2020 census.

The paper clip-shaped Martinsville Speedway, the shortest track in the NASCAR Cup Series at 0.526 miles (847 m) and one of the first paved "speedways", is located just outside the city near the town of Ridgeway.
Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park
The Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, is a park that houses fossilized remains and petrified eggs of dinosaurs. It is a man-made fossil park and not the actual nesting grounds where the dinosaurs lived. The eggs and fossils on display here are from the world's 3rd-largest dinosaur fossil excavation site and 2nd-largest hatchery at Raiyoli, Balasinor, Gujarat. The Park was set up by the Geological Survey of India and is the only dinosaur museum in the country.

Geological Survey of India
The Geological Survey of India (GSI) is a scientific agency under the purview of the Ministry of Mines of the Government of India. Established in 1851, it was the second survey agency to be established in British India after the Survey of India (founded in 1767). It conducts geological survey to collect data and is the primary provider of geological information to various government departments, agencies, and public.
Creative Australia
Creative Australia, formerly known as the Australia Council for the Arts and the Australia Council, is the country's official arts council, serving as an arts funding and advisory body for the Government of Australia.

The council was announced in 1967 as the Australian Council for the Arts, with the first members appointed the following year. It was made a statutory corporation by the passage of the Australia Council Act 1975. It became the Australia Council in 2013, and then Creative Australia, with a new organisational structure, from 24 August 2023.

The organisation has included several boards within its structure over the years, including more than one incarnation of a Visual Arts Board (VAB), in the 1970s–80s and in the early 2000s.

Statutory corporation
A statutory corporation is a corporation created by statute. Their precise nature varies by jurisdiction, but their powers are defined in, and controlled by, the creating legislation.

Bodies described in the English language as "statutory corporations" exist in the following countries in accordance with the associated descriptions (where provided).
Francis McWilliams
Sir Francis McWilliams (8 February 1926 – 31 August 2022) was a British engineer. He served as Lord Mayor of London from 1992 to 1993. During his period as Lord Mayor, the 1993 Bishopsgate bombing took place and his subsequent discussions with John Major led to the establishment of the Ring of Steel around the City of London.

Traffic and Environmental Zone
The Traffic and Environmental Zone, commonly known as the "ring of steel", is the security and surveillance cordon consisting of road barriers, checkpoints and several hundred CCTV cameras surrounding the City of London, the financial district at the heart of Greater London. The measures have been used since the 1990s to deter terrorism and other threats.
Deparia
Deparia (or the false spleenworts) is a genus of ferns. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) places the genus in the family Athyriaceae, although other sources include it within an expanded Aspleniaceae or Woodsiaceae.

Aspleniaceae
The Aspleniaceae (spleenworts) are a family of ferns, included in the order Polypodiales. The composition and classification of the family have been subject to considerable changes. In particular, there is a narrow circumscription, Aspleniaceae s.s. (adopted here), in which the family contains only two genera, and a very broad one, Aspleniaceae s.l., in which the family includes 10 other families kept separate in the narrow circumscription, with the Aspleniaceae s.s. being reduced to the subfamily Asplenioideae. The family has a worldwide distribution, with many species in both temperate and tropical areas. Elongated unpaired sori are an important characteristic of most members of the family.
The City Lady
The City Lady; Or, Folly Reclaim'd is a 1696 comedy play by the English writer Thomas Dilke. It was staged by Thomas Betterton's Company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre with a cast that included George Bright as Grumble, Cave Underhill as Bevis, John Bowman as Bellardin, John Hodgson as Lovebright, Joseph Harris as Pedanty, John Freeman as Burgersditius, William Bowen as  Jasper, Elizabeth Barry as Lady Grumble, Elizabeth Bowman as  Lucinda, Elinor Leigh as Secreta and Abigail Lawson as Fidget.

Cave Underhill
Cave Underhill (1634–1710?) was an English actor in comedy roles.

Underhill entertained three generations of London theatre-goers. For over 40 years, as a member of the Duke's Company, Underhill played the first Gravedigger in Hamlet. He was also successful in playing Gregory in Romeo and Juliet, the clown in Twelfth Night, and Trinculo in The Tempest.
Costel Grasu
Costel Grasu (born 5 June 1967 in Fetești, Ialomița) is a Romanian discus thrower.

He is perhaps best known for finishing fourth at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the Olympics in 1996 and 2000, without reaching the final. Other achievements include gold medals at the Jeux de la Francophonie in 1994 and 1997 as well as gold medals at the Balkan Games in 1992 and 1997. His personal best throw is 67.08 metres, achieved in Snagov in May 1992.

Costel Grasu is married to Nicoleta Grasu, née Grădinaru. Their son Ștefan Grasu is a professional basketball player.

Jeux de la Francophonie
The Jeux de la Francophonie (Canadian English: Francophonie Games; British English: Francophone Games) are a combination of artistic and sporting events for the Francophonie, mostly French-speaking nations and former colonies of France, held every four years since 1989.
Selwyn Snow Resort
Selwyn Snow Resort, formerly known as Selwyn Snowfields, is a  ski resort located in the most northern part of the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, Australia, in the Snowy Monaro Regional Council and Kosciuszko National Park.  Selwyn Snow Resort is located near the town of Adaminaby and is close to Cabramurra, which is the highest town in Australia.

Selwyn is owned by Blyton Group, which also owns Charlotte Pass Snow Resort. It reopened on the 10th of  June 2023. Selwyn Snow Resort announced in November 2024, the appointment of their new General Manager, Abigail Spackman, who grew up skiing at Selwyn Snow Resort.

Snowy Monaro Regional Council
The Snowy Monaro Regional Council is a local government area located in the Snowy Mountains and Monaro regions of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a forced merger of the Bombala, Cooma-Monaro and Snowy River shires.

The council comprises an area of 15,162 square kilometres (5,854 sq mi) and occupies the higher slopes of the eastern side of the Great Dividing Range between the Australian Capital Territory to the north and the state boundary with Victoria to the south. At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 20,707. Its population at the 2021 census was 21,666.

The Mayor of the Snowy Monaro Regional Council is Chris Hanna since 21 September 2023.
Tafí Viejo, Tucumán
Tafí Viejo is an Argentine town in the Province of Tucumán.  The municipality's population at the 2001 census [INDEC] was 48,459 inhabitants. Tafí Viejo is located  15 km (9 mi) north of the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, just west of National Route 9; today, it is an important suburb in the larger city's metro area.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Wadi Milk Formation
The Wadi Milk Formation is a geological formation in Sudan whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Originally, the formation was thought to be Albian to Cenomanian, later research has provided dating to the Campanian to Maastrichtian. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It stretches from the lower Wadi Al-Malik across the Wadi Muqaddam into the Bayuda Desert.

Bayuda Desert
The Bayuda Desert, located at 18°N 33°E﻿ / ﻿18°N 33°E﻿ / 18; 33, is in the eastern region of the Sahara Desert, spanning approximately 100,000 km2 of northeast Sudan north of Omdurman and south of Korti, embraced by the great bend of the Nile in the north, east, and south and limited by the Wadi Muqaddam in the west. The north-to-south-aligned Wadi Abu Dom divides the Bayuda Desert into the eastern Bayuda Volcanic Field and the western ochre-colored sand-sheets scattered with rocky outcrop.

Gold mining occurs today from October to March, as laborers work auriferous quartz found in wadis and shallow mines.  These workings are usually in areas previously worked during the New Kingdom of Egypt and the Early Arab Period. In July 2020, it was found that gold hunters had used heavy machinery at the Jabal Maragha archaeological site, destroying it by digging a huge trench. The gold diggers were arrested and their equipment seized, but they were later released without charges.
History of Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. It is also known as Turnovo, Tsarevgrad or Turnov, and is a city with over 7000 years of history.

Veliko Tarnovo Province
Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgarian: Област Велико Търново, romanized: Oblast Veliko Tǎrnovo) is a province in the middle of the northern part of Bulgaria. Its capital city, Veliko Tarnovo, is of historical significance as it was the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire. The province is divided into ten municipalities with a total population, as of December 2009, of 275,395.

Other towns in the province include Gorna Oryahovitsa, which is within 10 km (6.2 mi) of Veliko Tarnovo, Svishtov, set on the Danube River and famous for its Tsenov Academy of Economics, and Suhindol, the hometown of Lovico — an internationally recognised label for fine wines and spirits. Another notable place is the village of Arbanasi, set between Veliko Tarnovo and Gorna Oryahovitsa. The combination of old style and modern architecture, as well as its churches and monasteries, present the spirit of Bulgaria. Real estate is among the most expensive in the country.
Chowdown Countdown
Chowdown Countdown is an American television special series that features 101 places to find the tastiest and most amazing food at various locations across America. Each episode counts down to the number one spot and features all different types of establishments such as restaurants, diners, drive-ins, bars, burger joints, bakeries, drivethrus, delicatessens, ice cream parlors, pubs, sandwich shops, food markets and even food trucks that make the countdown list with their original food specialty or signature dish.

The series premiered as a special in Spring 2010 entitled 101 America's Tastiest Places to Chowdown on the Travel Channel. The second special aired in on March 16, 2014 as 101 More Amazing Places to Chowdown (or Chowdown Countdown 2).

Travel Channel
Travel Channel (stylized as Trvl Channel since 2018) is an American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, who previously owned the channel from 1997 to 2007. The channel is headquartered in Manhattan, with offices in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Knoxville, Tennessee.

Travel Channel features documentaries, reality, and how-to shows related to travel and leisure around the United States and throughout the world. Programming has included shows on African animal safaris, tours of grand hotels and resorts, visits to significant cities and towns around the world, programming about various foods around the world, and programming about ghosts and the paranormal in notable buildings.

As of November 2023, Travel Channel is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 96,000,000 households.
Theophilus Jones House
The Theophilus Jones House is a historic house at 40 Jones Road in Wallingford, Connecticut.  Built about 1740, it is one of the town's oldest surviving buildings, also notable for its restoration in the 1940s by Charles F. Montgomery.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Charles F. Montgomery
Charles Franklin Montgomery (April 14, 1910 – February 21, 1978), was an American curator, art historian, scholar, educator, and museum director. He served as the first director of the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, from 1954 to 1961. After continuing to work at the museum as a senior research fellow, he was a curator and art historian at Yale University from 1970 until his death.
Sannohe District, Aomori
List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Mutsu Province > Sannohe District

Japan > Tōhoku region > Aomori Prefecture > Sannohe District

Sannohe District (三戸郡, Sannohe-gun) is a district located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan.  It occupies the southeast corner of the prefecture, bordering Iwate Prefecture.

As of June 1, 2019, the district has an estimated population of 63,205 and a density of 65.2 persons per km2. The total area was 969.34 km2.

Tōsandō
Tōsandō (東山道, Japanese pronunciation: [toː.saꜜn.doː, toꜜː.san.doː], lit. 'Eastern Mountain Circuit') is a Japanese geographical term.  It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it.  It is part of the Gokishichidō system.  It was situated along the central mountains of northern Honshu, specifically the Tōhoku region.

This term also refers to a series of roads that connected the capitals (国府, kokufu) of each of the provinces that made up the region.

The Tōsandō region encompasses eight ancient provinces.

Dewa Province

Hida Province

Kōzuke Province

Mino Province

Mutsu Province

Ōmi Province

Shimotsuke Province

Shinano Province

After 711 AD, Tōsandō was understood to include the Musashi Province.
San Pietro Clarenza
San Pietro Clarenza (Sicilian: San Petru Clarenza) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Catania.

San Pietro Clarenza borders the following municipalities: Belpasso, Camporotondo Etneo, Catania, Mascalucia, Misterbianco.

Metropolitan City of Catania
The Metropolitan City of Catania (Italian: città metropolitana di Catania) is a metropolitan city in Sicily, Italy. Its capital is the city of Catania. It replaced the province of Catania and comprises the city of Catania and 57 other communes. It has 1,068,563 inhabitants as of 2025, making it the 7th most populated metropolitan city in the country.
Azowlissè
Azowlissè is an arrondissement in the Ouémé department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Adjohoun. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 16883.

Ouémé Department
Ouémé [we.me] is one of the twelve departments of Benin, containing the capital of the country Porto Novo, named for the Ouémé River. It is subdivided into nine communes, each centred at one of the principal towns: Adjarra, Adjohoun, Aguégués, Akpro-Missérété, Avrankou, Bonou, Dangbo, Porto-Novo and Sèmè-Kpodji. In 1999, the northern section of Ouémé was split off to form the department of Plateau.

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 1,100,404, with 534,814 males and 565,590 females. The proportion of women was 51.40%. The total rural population was 37.20%, while the urban population was 62.80%.  The total labor force in the department was 383,716, of which 49.50% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 43.80% and the proportion of households with children attending school was 81.70%.