hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haldi Kumkum
Haldi Kumkum, or the Haldi Kumkum ceremony, is a social gathering in India in which married women exchange haldi (turmeric) and kumkum (vermilion powder), as a symbol of their married status and wishing for their husbands' long lives.

The ceremony is particularly popular in the Deccan Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Goa. In Tamil Nadu, it is celebrated as Aadi perukku aka Aadi monsoon festival is a Hindu Tamil festival celebrated on the 18th day of the Tamil month of Adi (mid-July to mid-August). Married women invite friends, relatives, and new acquaintances to meet in an atmosphere of merriment and fun. On such occasions, the hostess distributes bangles, sweets, small novelties, flowers, betel leaves and nuts as well as coconuts. The snacks include Kairiche Panhe (raw mango juice) and Vatli Dal.

This ceremony is conducted on different occasions like on Fridays during the month of Shravana, Diwali, and Sankranti.

Vermilion
Vermilion (sometimes spelled vermillion) is a color family and toxic pigment most often used between antiquity and the 19th century from the powdered mineral cinnabar (a form of mercury sulfide). It is synonymous with red orange, which often takes a modern form, but is 11% brighter.
Hayashi clan (Owari)
The Hayashi clan (林氏, Hayashi-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan which served as retainers to the Oda clan based in Owari.

The Hayashi were descendants of the Inaba clan, and it is said that they changed their family name to 'Hayashi' in the generation of Inaba Michimura.  The Inaba are descending from Kōno Michitaka (died 1374), who descend from Emperor Kanmu (736–805).

One famous figure, Hayashi Hidesada, was a senior retainer of Oda Nobunaga. The family originated in the village of Oki Village in the Kasugai District of Owari Province. In the Edo period, the family became retainers of the Owari Domain.

Kasugai, Aichi
Kasugai (春日井市, Kasugai-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 306,764, and a population density of 3,306 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 92.78 square kilometres (35.82 sq mi). The city is sometimes called Owarikasugai to avoid confusion with other municipality of the same name, including Kasugai (now part of Fuefuki) in Yamanashi Prefecture.
JTE-907
JTE-907 is a drug used in scientific research that acts as a selective CB2 inverse agonist. It has antiinflammatory effects in animal studies, thought to be mediated by an interaction between the CB2 receptor and IgE.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Richard Smith (died 1516)
Richard Smith (by 1453–1516) was an English politician and courtier.

Richard was a cloth merchant with premises in both the City of London and Reading in Berkshire. He obtained a number of minor royal appointments before becoming a Yeoman of the Robes to Queen Elizabeth of York in the late 1480s. He was also the Royal bailiff at Swallowfield Park and held the same position under Sir Francis Knollys at Caversham. He was elected a member (MP) of the parliament of England for Reading in 1497, 1504 and 1512.

Reading (UK Parliament constituency)
Reading was a parliamentary borough, and later a borough constituency in England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707, the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1950 and 1955 to 1974. Until 1885, the constituency comprised the town of Reading in the county of Berkshire; after 1885, it was centred on the town but the exact boundaries differed.

From 1295, as a parliamentary borough, Reading elected two members of parliament (MPs). Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, this representation was reduced to a single MP.
Bulldolonia
Bulldolonia is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Acanaloniidae. It is found in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Species:

Bulldolonia brevifrons (Muir, 1924)

Bulldolonia depressa (Melichar, 1901) - type species

Bulldolonia impressa (Metcalf & Bruner, 1930)

Planthopper
A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment and that they often "hop" for quick transportation in a similar way to that of grasshoppers. However, planthoppers generally walk very slowly. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, though few are considered pests. Fulgoromorphs are most reliably distinguished from the other Auchenorrhyncha by two features: the bifurcate (Y-shaped) anal vein in the forewing, and the thickened, three-segmented antennae, with a generally round or egg-shaped second segment (pedicel) that bears a fine filamentous arista.
Education in Sydney
Sydney is home to some of Australia's most prestigious universities, technical institutions and schools. Entry to tertiary education for most students is via the New South Wales secondary school system where students are ranked by the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR).

TAFE NSW
TAFE NSW is an Australian vocational education and training provider. Annually, the network trains over 500,000 students in campus, workplace, online, or distance education methods of education. It was established as an independent statutory body under the TAFE Commission Act 1990. The Minister for Regional Development, Skills and Small Business is responsible for TAFE NSW.

TAFE NSW awards qualifications as specified in the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), and accredited to the Vocational Education and training (VET). Diploma and Advanced Diploma qualifications awarded may be attributed as partial credit towards bachelor's degree-level studies in some universities.
The Bold Fisherman
The Bold Fisherman (Roud 291, Laws O24) is an English folk song popular with traditional singers and widely collected in the early and mid 20th century CE. It has been frequently performed and recorded by contemporary folk singers and groups.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Archie Benson
Archie Benson (born 18 August 2001) is an English professional rugby union player who plays as a flanker for PREM Rugby club Northampton Saints.

Benson was part of Gloucester academy system as he signed for the Cherry and Whites immediately after leaving Dean Close School in Cheltenham, where he captained the 1st XV and represented England at Under-18 level.

Benson left Gloucester to join Luctonians in National League 2 West where he made 26 league appearances in the 2022/23 season alone as Luctonians ended up second on the ladder. He helped his side to their highest-ever league finishes in back-to-back seasons.

On 1 May 2024, it was announced that Benson has signed for Northampton Saints after a successful trial period for the 2024–25 season. He is also dual-registered with Bedford Blues in the RFU Championship in the same season.

National League 2 West
National League 2 West is a rugby union league at level four in the English rugby union system and provides semi-professional competition for teams in the Midlands, South West England and Cornwall. The remainder of England is covered by two other regional leagues; National League 2 East and National League 2 North. The champion club is promoted to National One. The last two teams are relegated to either Regional 1 Midlands or Regional 1 South West.

Prior to the 2022–23 season, National League 2 West and National League 2 East were part of a unified division known as National League 2 South.
Ambachtsschool, Heerlen
The Ambachtsschool in Heerlen (Jan Stuyt, 1913) is a brick building with distinctive layers of marl (a stone commonly found in the south of Limburg). It is notable as one of the earliest vocational schools in the Netherlands. The building is located on the Burgemeester de Hesselleplein (formerly known as the Lindeplein), in Heerlen.

Marl
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt. When hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae.

Marl makes up the lower part of the cliffs of Dover, and the Channel Tunnel follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Marl is also a common sediment in post-glacial lakes, such as the marl ponds of the northeastern United States and marl lakes of the Canadian Rockies.

Marl has been used as a soil conditioner and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of cement.
Justus Wehmer
Justus Wehmer (ca.1690 - 1750) was a German master builder of the Baroque era.   He was the architect of the  (subsequently largely destroyed) eighteenth century Hildesheim Cathedral and surrounding buildings.   He was also responsible for the design of various town houses and manor houses in Westphalia.

Hildesheim
Hildesheim is a city in Lower Saxony, north-central Germany. With a population of over 100,000, it is located southeast of Hanover on the Innerste river, a tributary of the Leine.

The first settlement was created in 815 by Emperor Louis the Pious, who established the Diocese of Hildesheim. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, and in 2015 the city and diocese celebrated their 1200th anniversary.
Ahmed Gailani
Pir Sayyid Ahmed Gailani (Persian: پیر سید احمد گیلانی‎ 1932– 21 January 2017), was the leader (Pir) of the Qadiriyyah Sufi order in Afghanistan, and the founder of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan (Mahaz-i-Milli Islami ye Afghanistan), a party that was associated with the Mujahideen who led the war against the Soviet Union in the 1980s.

Mujahideen
Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).

The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.
Isobutyryl-CoA mutase
In enzymology, an isobutyryl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2-methylpropanoyl-CoA  butanoyl-CoA

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA, and one product, butanoyl-CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular transferases transferring other groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA CoA-carbonylmutase. Other names in common use include isobutyryl coenzyme A mutase, and butyryl-CoA:isobutyryl-CoA mutase.  It uses adenosylcobalamin as a cofactor, which is bound at the enzyme's vitamin B12-binding domain. The mechanism of action of the enzyme is to generate a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical by homolytic cleavage of the cobalt-carbon bond of the cofactor. This radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrate to initiate the rearrangement reaction.

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
Holkeri cabinet
The cabinet of Harri Holkeri was the 64th government of Finland, which existed from 30 April 1987 to 26 April 1991. It was a majority government formed by the National Coalition Party, the Social Democratic Party, the Swedish People's Party, and the Rural Party. The cabinet's Prime Minister was Harri Holkeri. The Rural Party left the coalition in August 1990 because it disagreed with the government's pension funding plan.

Finnish Rural Party
The Finnish Rural Party (Finnish: Suomen maaseudun puolue, SMP; Swedish: Finlands landsbygdsparti, FLP) was an agrarian and populist political party in Finland. Starting as a breakaway faction of the Agrarian League in 1959 as the Small Peasants' Party of Finland (Suomen Pientalonpoikien Puolue), the party was identified with the person of Veikko Vennamo, a former Agrarian League Member of Parliament known for his opposition to the politics of President Urho Kekkonen. Vennamo was chairman of the Finnish Rural Party between 1959 and 1979.

Support for the party was at its highest in the 1970s and 1980s, with its share of the votes reaching around 10 percent in some parliamentary elections. Between 1983 and 1990, the party took part in two coalition governments. In the 1990s, the party fell into financial trouble and was disbanded in 1995; it was formally dissolved in 2003. It was succeeded by the Finns Party.
David James Davies
David James Davies (1893–1956), known as D. J. Davies, was a Welsh economist, industrialist, essayist, author, political activist, pilot, and an internationalist. Davies was a world traveller before returning home to Wales.

Initially a founding member of the Welsh Labour Party in the Ammanford district, in 1925 he left Labour becoming a founding member of Plaid Cymru, the nationalist party of Wales.

According to the historian John Davies, it was D. J. Davies' ideas which were more influential in shaping long-term Plaid Cymru ideology following the Second World War, and Davies was as "equally [a] significant figure" as Saunders Lewis in Welsh nationalism history, but it was Lewis' "brilliance and charismatic appeal" which was firmly associated with Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru of the 1930s.

Welsh Labour
Welsh Labour (Welsh: Llafur Cymru), formerly known as the Labour Party in Wales (Welsh: Y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru), is an autonomous section of the United Kingdom Labour Party in Wales and the largest party in the modern politics of Wales. Welsh Labour and its forebears have won a plurality of the Welsh vote at every United Kingdom general election since 1922, every National Assembly (now Senedd) election since 1999, and all elections to the European Parliament in the period 1979–2004 and in 2014. Welsh Labour holds 27 of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, 29 of the 60 seats in the Welsh Senedd, and 576 of the 1,264 councillors in principal local authorities including overall control of 10 of the 22 principal local authorities.

It has longest winning streak of any political party in the world and has been described as "by some distance the democratic world's most successful election-winning machine".
2020 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
The 2020 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 29 February 2020 in Belgium, starting in Gent and finishing in Ninove. It was the 75th edition of the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad and the fourth event of the 2020 UCI World Tour.

Belgian rider Jasper Stuyven of Trek–Segafredo beat fellow Belgian rider Yves Lampaert of Deceuninck–Quick-Step in a two-up sprint to take the victory. Danish rider Søren Kragh Andersen of Team Sunweb, who had been dropped by the Belgian duo within the last three kilometers, finished solo to take third place.

Lidl–Trek (men's team)
Lidl–Trek (UCI team code: LTK) is a professional road bicycle racing team at UCI WorldTeam level licensed in Germany for 2026. Formerly RadioShack–Nissan, in 2014, Trek took over the ownership of the team and its ProTeam License.
Under the Gun (2016 film)
Under the Gun is a 2016 American documentary film about the gun debate in the United States.  The documentary was directed by Stephanie Soechtig and narrated by Katie Couric, who also served as an executive producer.

Gun politics in the United States
In the context of gun violence in the United States, there are two primary opposing ideologies regarding private firearm ownership: gun control and gun rights.

Advocates of gun control support increasingly restrictive regulations on gun ownership, while proponents of gun rights oppose such restrictions and often support the liberalization of gun ownership. These groups typically differ in their interpretations of the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, as well as in their views on the role of firearms in public safety, their impact on public health, and their relationship to crime rates at both national and state levels.: 1–3

Since the early 21st century, private firearm ownership in the United States has been steadily increasing, with a notable acceleration during and after 2020.
The survey also indicates a rise in the diversity of firearm owners, with increased ownership rates among females and ethnic minorities compared to previous years.
Calderbank
Calderbank is a village outside the town of Airdrie, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It lies east of the M73, on the west bank of the North Calder Water. The village lies 13 miles (21 km) east of Glasgow city centre and around 34 miles (55 km) west of Edinburgh. Other nearby towns include: Airdrie (2.5 miles (4.0 km)), Coatbridge (4 miles (6.4 km)), Bellshill (4 miles (6.4 km)) and Motherwell (5 miles (8.0 km)). It has a population of about 
1,560 (2020)

The village has two small convenience shops; a post office; a fish and chip shop; Kebab shop; Ice Cream shop; a pub; bowls club and community centre.
The village has a primary school for ages 4-11 years old.

The village also has a church, which has no churchyard.

Bellshill
Bellshill (pronounced "Bells hill") is a town in North Lanarkshire in Scotland, ten miles (sixteen kilometres) southeast of Glasgow city centre and 37 mi (60 km) west of Edinburgh. Other nearby localities are Motherwell 2 mi (3 km) to the south, Hamilton 3 mi (5 km) to the southwest, Viewpark 1+1⁄2 mi (2.5 km) to the west, Holytown 2 mi (3 km) to the east and Coatbridge 3 mi (5 km) to the north.

The town of Bellshill (including the villages of Orbiston and Mossend) has a population of about 20,650. From 1996 to 2016, it was considered to be part of the Greater Glasgow metropolitan area. Since then it has been counted as part of a continuous suburban settlement anchored by Motherwell, with a total population of around 125,000.
Stephen Saux
Stephen Thomas Saux, Jr.(/sɒks/) is an American actor, cinematographer, short film producer and podcast host. He and his wife Lori are best known for hosting, the podcast ‘If We Knew Then’ and creating the web series The Life of Lori Murphy, Ninja Mom and the award-winning short films, The Want, The MARS Experiment and Just For One Day. He is a graduate of The Second City and was a founding member of the “Jumping the Shark” improv troop. His most notable television credits include recurring roles on NBC's The Office, The Ranch on Netflix and the FOX comedy Dads.  Early film credits include Deliver Us from Eva and the Farrelly brothers comedy Stuck on You.  He is the face of the Southern Nevada Water Authority conservation commercial campaign and also appeared on the cover of the video game Call of Duty 2: Big Red One. Stephen starred in the theater production of The Portrait of a Life, a play written by his wife and performed at the famed NoHo Arts Center in North Hollywood, CA.

Farrelly brothers
Peter Farrelly and Bobby Farrelly, collectively referred to as the Farrelly brothers, are American screenwriters and directors. They have made eleven films together, largely comedies, including Dumb and Dumber, Shallow Hal and There's Something About Mary.

Peter Farrelly directed the 2018 film Green Book which won the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 91st Academy Awards, held in 2019.
Tommy Skjerven
Tommy Skjerven (born 25 July 1967) is a Norwegian football referee from Kaupanger. He debuted as a referee in 1984, and served as a FIFA referee from 2001 until 2012. He is no longer included on the FIFA list as of 2013, because he reached the international retirement age of 45 in 2012. Skjerven represents Kaupanger IL. Skjerven was the main referee in the cup final between Odd Grenland and Vålerenga in 2002. His day job is working for noreg.no in Hermansverk in Leikanger Municipality.

At international level, Skjerven officiated in competitions including qualifying matches for Euro 2008, Euro 2012, and 2010 World Cup qualifiers. He was also a referee in qualifying for the 2003 Women's World Cup, and a fourth official in qualifiers for four World Cups.

Hermansverk
Hermansverk or Leikanger is the administrative centre of Sogndal Municipality in Vestland County, Norway. The village also serves as the seat of the County Governor of Vestland County.

The 2.04-square-kilometre (500-acre) village of Hermansverk/Leikanger has a population (2025) of 2,294 and a population density of 1,125 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,910/sq mi).
Kosmos 6
Kosmos 6 (Russian: Космос 6 meaning Cosmos 6), also known as DS-P1 No.1 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 16 was a prototype radar target satellite for anti-ballistic missile tests, which was launched by the Soviet Union in 1962.

Anti-ballistic missile
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to destroy in-flight ballistic missiles. They achieve this explosively (chemical or nuclear), or via hit-to-kill kinetic vehicles, which may also have self-maneuvering capabilities.

Tactical systems are widely deployed to counter short and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that carry conventional warheads.

Strategic systems, deployed by the United States, Russia, China, and Israel, are capable of intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles, typically used to carry strategic nuclear warheads. During the Cold War, the 1972 ABM Treaty limited the nuclear arms race; excessive ICBM production would have been favoured to overwhelm ABM systems. For modern strategic systems, Russia's ABMs are the only ones that are themselves armed with nuclear warheads.