hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas C. Schmidt
Douglas C. Schmidt (born July 18, 1962) is a computer scientist and author in the fields of object-oriented programming, reactive programming, distributed computing, design patterns and generative AI. He is the inaugural Dean of the School of Computing, Data Sciences & Physics at William & Mary.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
Dinxperlo
Dinxperlo (Dutch: [ˈdɪŋkspərloː] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Dinsper) is a town and former municipality in the eastern Netherlands (Achterhoek region), situated directly at the Germany-Netherlands border.

Since 1 January 2005, Dinxperlo has been part of the municipality of Aalten. Before 2005, Dinxperlo was a separate municipality, covering the town of Dinxperlo itself and the village of De Heurne.

The name of the village probably is derived from dingspel (justice court or area) and loo (wood). A popular explanation is that in the Middle Ages there was a court in the woods here. Dinxperlo used to have a coat of arms depicting Lady Justice.

Germany–Netherlands border
The Germany–Netherlands border (German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und den Niederlanden; Dutch: Grens Duitsland-Nederland) consists of a 570-kilometre (350 mi) land and maritime border across the Dollart through the Frisian Islands into the North Sea.
Zarkadia
Zarkadia (Greek: Ζαρκαδιά) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Chrysoupoli in the Kavala regional unit, Greece. The community consists of the villages Zarkadia and Ekali. The community had a population of 596 during the 2021 census.

Kavala (regional unit)
Kavala (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Καβάλας, Perifereiakí Enótita Kaválas) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of East Macedonia and Thrace. Its capital is the city of Kavala. Kavala regional unit is the easternmost within the geographical region of Macedonia.
Anne Greenbaum
Anne Greenbaum (born 1951) is an American applied mathematician and professor at the University of Washington.  She was named a SIAM Fellow in 2015 "for contributions to theoretical and numerical linear algebra".  She has written graduate and undergraduate textbooks on numerical methods.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Velalar College of Engineering and Technology
11°19′24″N 77°40′30″E﻿ / ﻿11.323333°N 77.675117°E﻿ / 11.323333; 77.675117

Velalar College of Engineering and Technology is an engineering college located at Thindal, Erode district in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The College is affiliated to Anna University, approved by All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), accredited 'A' Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council and five programmes (B.E. – BME, CSE, ECE, EEE and B.Tech.-IT) are accredited by National Board of Accreditation (NBA).

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Saint-Basile-le-Grand station
Saint-Basile-le-Grand station (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ bazil lə ɡʁɑ̃]) is a commuter rail station operated by Exo in Saint-Basile-le-Grand, Quebec, Canada.

It is served by the Mont-Saint-Hilaire line.

Commuter rail in North America
Commuter rail services in the United States, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, and Costa Rica provide common carrier passenger transportation along railway tracks, with scheduled service on fixed routes on a non-reservation basis, primarily for short-distance (local) travel between a central business district and adjacent suburbs and regional travel between cities of a conurbation. It does not include rapid transit or light rail service.
Easy Come, Easy Go (Elvis Presley song)
"Easy Come, Easy Go" is a song first recorded by Elvis Presley as part of the soundtrack for his 1967 motion picture Easy Come, Easy Go.

Its first release was on the soundtrack EP "Easy Come, Easy Go" in spring 1967.

The Australian Kent Music Report (calculated in retrospect using archival data) lists the song / the EP "Easy Come, Easy Go" on the singles chart for 5 weeks, with the peak of 78 on the week of May 13, 1967.

Kent Music Report
The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by music historian David Kent from May 1974 through to January 1999. The chart was re-branded the Australian Music Report (AMR) in July 1987. From June 1988, the Australian Recording Industry Association, which had been using the top 50 portion of the report under licence since mid-1983, chose to produce their own listing as the ARIA Charts.

Before the Kent Report, Go-Set magazine published weekly Top 40 Singles from 1966, and albums chart from 1970 until the magazine's demise in August 1974.

David Kent later published Australian charts from 1940 to 1973 in a retrospective fashion, using state by state chart data obtained from various Australian radio stations.
Raipur Metropolitan Region
Raipur Metropolitan Region, also known as the Raipur Metropolitan Area and Greater Raipur, is the Urban Agglomeration of Raipur-Naya Raipur and some part of Durg Bhilai in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The area is administered by the Raipur Development Authority, Raipur Municipal Corporation, Nava Raipur Vikas Pradikaran,Birgaon Municipal Corporation,Bhilai-Charoda Municipal Corporation,Risali Municipal Corporation,Durg Municipal Corporation and numerous smaller urban bodies.

Durg
Durg is a city in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, east of the Shivnath River and is part of the Durg-Bhilai urban agglomeration. With an urban population of 1,064,077, Durg-Bhilai is the second most populous urban area in Chhattisgarh after Raipur. It is the headquarters of Durg District.
Frank Hickley
Frank Hickley (14 December 1895 – 28 October 1972) was an English cricketer. Hickley was a right-handed batsman whose bowling style is unknown. He was born at Leicester, Leicestershire.

Hickley made two first-class appearances for Leicestershire in the 1921 County Championship against Gloucestershire and Derbyshire. He scored 34 runs in his two matches at an average of 11.33, with a high score of 27. He also took a single wicket with the ball.

He died at the city of his birth on 28 October 1972.

1921 County Championship
The 1921 County Championship was the 28th officially organised running of the County Championship. Middlesex County Cricket Club won their third championship title.

Glamorgan County Cricket Club joined the championship for the first time.
Zabór Wielki
Zabór Wielki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈzabur ˈvjɛlkʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miękinia, within Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the words za and bór, meaning "behind a coniferous forest".

In 1842, the village had a population of 244.

The Nature reserve Zabór is located near Zabór Wielki.

Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Środa County (/ˈʃroʊdə ˈʃlɒ̃skə/; Polish: powiat średzki [ˈpɔvjat ˈɕrɛt͡skʲi], formerly Środa Śląska County) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 703.7 square kilometres (271.7 sq mi). Its administrative seat and only town is Środa Śląska.

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 54,646, out of which the population of Środa Śląska accounts for 9,516, while the rural population is 45,130.
DOTO Database
DOTO Database (Documentation of the Oppressed) is an online portal with data on religious identity based hate-crime against minorities that has happened in India since 2014. The website was launched on 7 March 2018 at Constitution Club of India, New Delhi. The inauguration ceremony was attended by Ram Punyani, Teesta Setalvad, Zafar ul Islam Khan, John Dayal, Ravi Nair. Saba Naqvi and other social activists.

Documentation of the Oppressed is an independent, non-profit documentation center based in New Delhi. It is run by a network of civil society organizations, both at the national and at the grass-root level like Quill Foundation, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, CHRI, People's Union for Civil Liberties and others.

DOTO Database functions both as a tracker of violence, and a site for in-depth narratives. The database mixes a crowd-sourcing model with its own investigative and editorial teams.

Constitution Club of India
Constitution Club of India  is a club started for members of Constituent Assembly of India. In present days the Constitution Club acts as a platform for interaction amongst the past and present Members of Parliament. The club is registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860.
Mockito
Mockito is an open source testing framework for Java released under the MIT License. The framework allows the creation of test double objects (mock objects) in automated unit tests for the purpose of test-driven development (TDD) or behavior-driven development (BDD).

The framework's name and logo are a play on mojitos, a type of drink.

MIT License
The MIT License is a permissive software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the late 1980s. As a permissive license, it puts few restrictions on reuse and has high license compatibility.

Unlike copyleft software licenses, the MIT License allows reuse within proprietary software, provided that all copies of the software or its substantial portions include a copy of the terms of the MIT License and also a copyright notice. In 2015 and 2025, the MIT License was the most popular software license on GitHub.

Notable projects that use the MIT License include the X Window System, Ruby on Rails, Node.js, Lua, jQuery, .NET, Angular, and React.
Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica
Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica are approved by the Antarctic Place-names Commission in compliance with its Toponymic Guidelines, and formally given by the President of the Republic according to the Bulgarian Constitution and the established international and Bulgarian practice.  Place naming is confined to nameless geographic features situated in the Antarctic Treaty area, the region south of the parallel 60 degrees south latitude.

Details of the Bulgarian Antarctic toponyms are published by the websites of the commission and the international Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica maintained by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).

Alphabetical lists of the relevant place names:

Constitution of Bulgaria
The Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria is the supreme and basic law of the Republic of Bulgaria. The current constitution was adopted on 12 July 1991 by the 7th Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria, and defines the country as a unitary parliamentary republic. It has been amended six times (in 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2015 and 2023).

Chronologically, it is the fourth constitution of Bulgaria, the first being the Tarnovo Constitution of 1879. It was immediately preceded by the two Socialist-era constitutions–the Dimitrov Constitution (named after Georgi Dimitrov), in force between 1947 and 1971, and the Zhivkov Constitution (named after Todor Zhivkov), in force between 1971 and 1991.
Ohinetahi
Ohinetahi (Māori: Ōhinetahi: "The Place of One Daughter") is a valley, historic homestead, and formal garden on Teddington Road, Governors Bay, Christchurch, Canterbury region, New Zealand.  Ohinetahi valley is situated at the head of Lyttelton Harbour, at the base of the Port Hills. 
While the Ohinetahi Homestead is considered to be a significant historic building in the small settlement of Governors Bay, the formal garden of Ohinetahi is considered to be one of New Zealand's finest. Amongst the early owners of Ohinetahi were Canterbury pioneer William Sefton Moorhouse and Thomas Potts, New Zealand's first conservationist. Sir Miles Warren, architect of the Christchurch Town Hall, was the last private owner, and gifted it to New Zealand.

Port Hills
The Port Hills (Māori: Ngā Kohatu Whakarakaraka o Tamatea Pōkai Whenua) are a range of hills in Canterbury Region of New Zealand, so named because they lie between the city of Christchurch and its port at Lyttelton. They are an eroded remnant of the Lyttelton volcano, which erupted millions of years ago.

The hills start at Godley Head, run approximately east–west along the northern side of Lyttelton Harbour, and continue running to the south, dividing the city from the harbour. The range terminates near Gebbies Pass above the head of the harbour. The range includes a number of summits between 300 and 500 metres above sea level. The range is of significant geological, environmental and scenic importance.
Peter Henley
Peter Henley is BBC South's political editor and has been reporting in the south of England for over 20 years. He currently presents the south's regional segment of the BBC's Sunday Politics programme.

Political editor
The political editor of a newspaper or broadcaster is the senior political reporter who covers politics and related matters for the newspaper or station. They may have a large team of political correspondents working under them.

In publishing, because of their seniority, a political editor's byline is often added to stories that actually are the work of more junior colleagues to give the story more credibility and to indicate their seniority within the publication. The political editor usually carries out the major interviews with a country's prime minister and senior government figures and covers major events like party conferences.
Leptochiloides
Leptochiloides is a small nearctic genus of potter wasps known from dry areas in South-Western North America. They have some structural similarities with members of the genus Pterocheilus, including the pilose labial palpi.

Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.
Naresh Budhayer
Naresh Bahadur Budhayer (last name also spelled as Budayair) (Nepali: नरेश बहादुर बुढाऐर) (born 15 October 1991) is a Nepalese-born Canadian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off break bowler. In 2022, he gave up his Nepalese citizenship and adopted Canadian nationality. He was called in close camp of Canada national team in 2022. He made his debut for Nepal against Bahrain in November 2009.

He represented the Nepal Army Club of the National League, Jagdamba Giants of the Nepal Premier League and Pentagon International College, which played in the SPA Cup.

Bahrain national cricket team
The Bahrain national cricket team represents the Kingdom of Bahrain in international cricket. The team is organised by the Bahrain Cricket Association (BCA), which became an ICC affiliate member in 2001 and an associate member in 2017.
John Pemberton (physician)
John Pemberton FRCP (1912-2010) was a British epidemiologist.

Pemberton was born on 18 November 1912, in Romford, Essex, to Marie Lottie (née Talbot) and Augustus Charles Pemberton, the latter being a steward at Christ's Hospital, Horsham.

He studied at Christ's Hospital and then at University College London, where he qualified in medicine in 1936, subsequently working at University College Hospital and then Miller General Hospital. He was excused military service during World War II, as he had tuberculosis.

In 1958 he became Professor of Social and Preventive Medicine at Queen's University Belfast, retiring in 1976 and becoming emeritus. He was also a consultant in Social and Preventive Medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.

in 1957 he was both founder member and first treasurer of the Society for Social Medicine and co-founder of the International Epidemiological Association.

He died on 7 February 2010.

Miller General Hospital
The Miller General Hospital was a hospital in Greenwich, London from 1884 until 1974. It was developed adjacent to an earlier dispensary, and was the first British hospital designed with circular wards, and one of the first to have an X-ray department.
Bootlegger's Daughter
Bootlegger's Daughter (ISBN 978-0-786-22327-5) is a book written by Margaret Maron and published by Mysterious Press on 1 May 1992 which later went on to win the Anthony Award for Best Novel in 1993. It was also awarded the 1993 Edgar Award for Best Novel.

Mysterious Press
The Mysterious Press is an American publishing company specializing in mystery fiction based in New York City. The company has been associated with various publishing companies, most recently with Grove Atlantic, where it was an imprint from 2011 to 2019. As of January 1, 2020, it became an independent imprint as part of Penzler Publishers. The offices of the Mysterious Press are located within The Mysterious Bookshop.
Freistudentenschaft
The Freistudentschaft was a German student body established in Wilhelmine Germany in 1900. It brought together students on a liberal basis, rejecting the uniforms other aspects of the German Student Corps. Students outside these Corps were called the "Nicht-Inkorporierten" (not-incorporated). However a dilemma soon arose as to whether the organisation should be non-political and embrace all the Nicht-Inkorporierten, or adopt an ideology to advance specific reforms.

Felix W. Behrend wrote the first programme.

Wilhelminism
The Wilhelmine period or Wilhelmian era (German: Wilhelminische Zeit, Wilhelminische Epoche) comprises the period of German history between 1888 and 1918, embracing the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II in the German Empire from the death of Kaiser Friedrich III until the end of World War I and Wilhelm's abdication during the November Revolution.

It represented an era of creative ferment in the society, politics, culture, art, literature, and architecture of Germany. It also roughly coincided with the late Victorian and Edwardian eras in the British Empire, the Gilded Age in the United States, the Belle Époque in the Third French Republic, and the Silver Age in the Russian Empire.
Playground (2021 film)
Playground (French: Un monde) is a 2021 Belgian drama film directed by Laura Wandel. In June 2021, the film was selected to compete in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival. At Cannes, it won the FIPRESCI Prize in the Un Certain Regard section.

Playground received the André Cavens Award for Best Film by the Belgian Film Critics Association. At the 11th Magritte Awards, it was nominated for ten awards and won seven, including Best First Feature Film and Best Director for Wandel. It was selected as the Belgium’s Oscar-shortlisted International Feature and Belgian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards. Ultimately, it was not nominated.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
Maculphe
Maculphe (also known as Malulfus or Mallulf) was a 6th-century bishop of the former diocese of Senlis.

He is mentioned once in the History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours. Gregory claimed that when king Chilperic I was assassinated, he was deserted by his people who had no love for him; however, when Maculphe heard of the king's death, Maculphe set out to take the king's body and had it buried in the Church of Saint Vincent in Paris.

He died in 584. He is celebrated as a saint in the Catholic church with his feast day on 4 May.

Gregory of Tours
Gregory of Tours (born Georgius Florentius; 30 November c. 538 – 17 November 594 AD) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours during the Merovingian period and is known as the "father of French history". He was a prelate in the Merovingian kingdom, encompassing Gaul's historic region.

Gregory's most notable work is the Decem Libri Historiarum ('Ten Books of Histories'), also known as the Historia Francorum ('History of the Franks'). Decem Libri Historiarum is considered a primary source for the study of Merovingian history and chronicles the accounts of the Franks during the period. Gregory is also known for documenting accounts of religious figures, notably that of Martin of Tours.
Kirk Radomski
Kirk J. Radomski (born 1969) is an American former batboy and clubhouse employee, colloquially known by players as Murdock, for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball from 1985 to 1995. On April 27, 2007, he pleaded guilty in United States district court to money laundering and illegal distribution of anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, Clenbuterol, amphetamines and other drugs to "dozens of current and former Major League Baseball players, and associates, on teams throughout Major League Baseball." Radomski faced a maximum sentence of 25 years in prison and a $500,000 fine. He was sentenced to five years probation and ordered to pay a fine of $18,575, due to his cooperation with the federal government and the Mitchell Report.

Clenbuterol
Clenbuterol is a sympathomimetic amine used by sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. People with chronic breathing disorders such as asthma use this as a bronchodilator to make breathing easier. It is most commonly available as the hydrochloride salt, clenbuterol hydrochloride.

It was patented in 1967 and came into medical use in 1977.