hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
C. Gregg Singer
Charles Gregg Singer (1910 – 22 March 1999) was an American historian and theologian. He was born in Philadelphia, and studied at Haverford College, and the University of Pennsylvania. Singer taught at Wheaton College, Salem College, the University of Pennsylvania, Belhaven College, Catawba College, Furman University, and Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary.

Singer was involved in the formation of the Presbyterian Church in America, as the last President of Concerned Presbyterians, a layman's group within the Presbyterian Church in the United States. Singer left the PCUS in 1975, and joined the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, before finally joining the PCA in 1987.

Singer is best known for his 1964 work, A Theological Interpretation of American History. In it he argued that only "in the light of the Christian revelation can American history be brought into proper perspective."

Wheaton College (Illinois)
Wheaton College is a private Evangelical Christian liberal arts college in Wheaton, Illinois, United States. It was founded by evangelical abolitionists in 1860. Wheaton College was a stop on the Underground Railroad and graduated one of Illinois' first Black college graduates. Colloquially known as the "Harvard of Evangelical Schools", it has been considered one of the leading Christian universities in the United States and an influential institution in North American evangelicalism and as an anchor of the "Bible belt" centered around the Wheaton area.
Hridayi Vasant Phultana
"Hridayi Vasant Phultana" is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language song from the romantic comedy film Takatak 2, directed by Milind Kavde. Composed by Varun Saket, sung by Shruti Rane and lyrics are penned by Jai Atre. It is a remix of 1988 song of same title from Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi, composed by Arun Paudwal and written by Shantaram Nandgaonkar. The music video of the track features Iranian-German actress Elnaaz Norouzi, alongside film leads Prathamesh Parab, Pranali Bhalerao, Komal Bodkhe, Ajinkya Raut and Akshay Kelkar.

Prathamesh Parab
Prathamesh Parab (born 29 November 1993) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Marathi-language films. He made his acting debut with Balak-Palak in 2013 before stepping into the lead role in Timepass. The following year, he clinched the Star-Studded Annual Life Ok Screen Awards in 2014.
West Swan River
The West Swan River is a 42.2-mile-long (67.9 km) tributary of the East Swan River of Minnesota, flowing to the Saint Louis River and eventually Lake Superior.  The West Swan River flows into and out of Snowshoe Lake and Kelly Lake west of Hibbing. Presently there are problems with flowage, due to obstructions in the river. The mines that have polluted the river have left it facing severe problems.

Hibbing, Minnesota
Hibbing is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 16,214 at the 2020 census. The city was built on mining the rich iron ore of the Mesabi Iron Range and still relies on that industry today. At the edge of town is the world's largest open-pit iron mine, the Hull–Rust–Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine.

Hibbing's main routes are U.S. Highway 169, State Highway 37, State Highway 73, Howard Street, and 1st Avenue. It is about 59 miles (95 km) northwest of Duluth, Minnesota.
Ptosis (chin)
A ptotic chin is a chin that droops over the jawline. Ptosis of the tip of the chin is common and can be seen in persons of any age. It is frequently seen in older patients but not infrequently, it is seen in young people as a familial trait. More commonly, however, the droop develops over time as the chin pad slides downward along with the soft tissues elsewhere in the face and neck.

Soft tissue
Soft tissue connects and surrounds or supports internal organs and bones, and includes muscle, tendons, ligaments, fat, fibrous tissue, lymph and blood vessels, fasciae, and synovial membranes. Soft tissue is tissue in the body that is not hardened by the processes of ossification or calcification such as bones and teeth.

It is sometimes defined by what it is not – such as "nonepithelial, extraskeletal mesenchyme exclusive of the reticuloendothelial system and glia".
Liz Lawrence
Elizabeth Lawrence (born 9 July 1990) is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist, known for her solo work and for being half of electro-pop duo Cash+David.

She has toured with Bombay Bicycle Club,
 and supported Black, Scouting for Girls, and Ani DiFranco, amongst others. Q magazine compared Lawrence favourably to indie rock band Florence and the Machine, considering her "a starlet in the making".

Black (singer)
Colin Vearncombe (26 May 1962 – 26 January 2016), known by his stage name Black, was an English singer-songwriter. He emerged from the punk rock music scene and achieved mainstream pop success in the late 1980s, most notably with the 1986 single "Wonderful Life", which was an international hit the next year.

William Ruhlmann of AllMusic described Vearncombe as a "smoky-voiced singer/songwriter, whose sophisticated jazz-pop songs and dramatic vocal delivery place him somewhere between Bryan Ferry and Morrissey". Michael Hann of The Guardian described his voice as a "slightly frayed baritone".
WONW
WONW (1280 AM) is a news/talk/sports formatted broadcast radio station, affiliated with Fox News Radio, Fox Sports Radio, Compass Media Networks, and Premiere Networks.

WONW is licensed to Defiance, Ohio, serving the Defiance, Bryan, Napoleon, and Paulding areas.  WONW is currently owned and operated by iHeartMedia.

Paulding, Ohio
Paulding is a village in and the county seat of Paulding County, Ohio, United States. It is located predominantly in Paulding Township about 64 miles (103 km) southwest of Toledo.  The population was 3,555 at the 2020 census.
Siege of Zama
The siege of Zama, part of the Jugurthine War, was an investment of the Numidian town of Zama by a Roman army. The Romans were commanded by Quintus Caecilius Metellus, one of the consuls of 109 BC, while the Numidians were under the overall command of Jugurtha, the king of Numidia. The Romans' main objective was to lure Jugurtha into a set-piece battle; the Numidians had been wearing down the Roman legions by guerilla warfare and the Roman commander hoped the siege would pressure the Numidian king into giving battle. Jugurtha did not let himself be goaded into a pitched battle and kept up his opportune attacks while the defenders of Zama kept the Romans at bay. Failing to take the city and failing to provoke the Numidian king into entering a set-piece battle, the Romans gave up on the siege and marched back to the Roman province of Africa.

Jugurtha
Jugurtha or Jugurthen (c. 160 – 104 BC) was a king of Numidia, the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa. When the Numidian king Micipsa, who had adopted Jugurtha, died in 118 BC, Micipsa's two sons, Hiempsal and Adherbal, along with Jugurtha, were in line for succession. Jugurtha arranged to have Hiempsal killed in 117 BC and, after a civil war, defeated and killed Adherbal in 112 BC.

The death of Adherbal, which was against the wishes of Rome, along with the growing popular anger in Rome at Jugurtha's success in bribing Roman senators and thus avoiding retribution for his crimes, led to the Jugurthine War between Rome and Numidia. After a number of battles in Numidia between Roman and Numidian forces, Jugurtha was captured in 105 BC and paraded through Rome as part of Gaius Marius' Roman triumph. He was thrown into the Tullianum prison, where he was executed by strangulation in 104 BC.
Bókmenntaverðlaun starfsfólks bókaverslana
Bókmenntaverðlaun starfsfólks bókaverslana ('literature prize of the staff of bookshops') are a set of Icelandic literary prizes which are awarded by the Icelandic Félag starfsfólks bókaverslana (union of bookshop staff) in December every year. The prizes were first awarded in 2000, the same year as the union was founded. The awards are made in the midst of the annual Christmas rush in the Icelandic book market (known as the jólabókaflóð) and generally attract a lot of interest.

Three books are nominated in each of seven categories and the winner in each category is decorated with a special mark and so easily recognised in bookshops.

The union also awards Lóð á vogarskál íslenskra bókmennta during Iceland's book-week.

Halldór Guðmundsson
Halldór Guðmundsson (born 1956 in Reykjavík) is an Icelandic author. He was also chairman of the publishing company Mál og menning and its successor after the merger with JPV, Forlagið.

His biography of Halldór Laxness was awarded the Icelandic Literary Prize. The book has also appeared in English and German.

Halldór's 2006 book Skáldalíf, about the Icelandic writer Gunnar Gunnarsson, was chosen best biography of the year by the Icelandic Booksellers' Association and nominated for the Icelandic Literary Prize.

In We are all Icelanders (2009), he discusses how the 2008 financial crisis affected ten different Icelanders, including an architect, a politician and a kindergarten nurse.

In Mamutschkas Lebensrezepte, published in German, he tells the story of restaurant operator Marianne Kowalew.
Elizabeth City-Pasquotank Public Schools
Elizabeth City-Pasquotank Public Schools (ECPPS) is a PK–12 graded school district serving Pasquotank County, North Carolina, including Elizabeth City. Its 13 schools serve 6,212 students as of the 2010–11 school year. It was formed in 1969 from the merger of the Elizabeth City Schools and the Pasquotank County Schools systems.

Pasquotank County, North Carolina
Pasquotank County (PAS-kwoh-tayngk /ˈpæs.kwoʊ.teɪŋk/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,568. Its county seat is Elizabeth City. Pasquotank County is part of the Elizabeth City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Virginia Beach-Chesapeake, VA-NC Combined Statistical Area.
1970–71 Bulgarian Cup
The 1970–71 Bulgarian Cup was the 31st season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Levski Sofia won the competition, beating Lokomotiv Plovdiv 3–0 in the final at the Bulgarian Army Stadium.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.
Draadstaal
Draadstaal ("Wire Steel" or "Rebar") is a Dutch satirical sketch comedy television program produced by CCCP and broadcast by VPRO, a Dutch broadcaster. It was created by CCCP and Jeroen van Koningsbrugge and Dennis van de Ven. The first seasons aired 14 September 2007 to 22 November 2010. After a couple of years it was restarted in 2015 and new episodes are still being made in 2025. The show featured a lot of recurring stereotypical comedy characters.

The program is reminiscent of the work of Dutch comedy duo Van Kooten en De Bie.

Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes make information processing easier by allowing the perceiver to rely on previously stored knowledge in place of incoming information. Stereotypes are often faulty, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Although stereotypes generally have negative implications, they are not necessarily so; they may be positive, neutral, or negative. They can be broken down into two categories: explicit stereotypes, which are conscious, and implicit stereotypes, which are subconscious.
Ellenborough Market
Ellenborough Market (Chinese: 爱伦坡巴刹), also known as Teochew Market (Chinese: 潮州巴刹), New Market, Sin Pa Sat (Chinese: 新巴刹) and Pasar Bahru, was a market on Ellenborough Street along the Singapore River in Singapore. The market was demolished following a fire in 1968.

Singapore River
The Singapore River is a river that flows parallel to Alexandra Road and feeds into the Marina Reservoir in the southern part of Singapore. The immediate upper watershed of the Singapore River is known as the Singapore River Planning Area, although the western part of the watershed is classified under the River Valley planning area.

Singapore River planning area sits within Singapore's Central Area of the Central Region, as defined by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. The planning area shares boundaries with the following – River Valley and Museum to the north, Tanglin and Bukit Merah to the west, Outram to the south, and the Downtown Core to the east. The planning area is split into the three wharfs or quays in the area, Robertson Quay being the largest and most upstream, followed by Clarke Quay and Boat Quay.

Since 2008, the Singapore River was turned into a fresh water river after the completion of the Marina Barrage at Marina South.
Swynnerton (surname)
Swynnerton is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annie Swynnerton, English painter

Charles Francis Massy Swynnerton, English naturalist

Humphrey Swynnerton, English politician

Sir John de Swynnerton, English law enforcement official (14th century)

John de Swynnerton, English law enforcement official (14th century)

Sir John Swynnerton, English politician and merchant taylor

John Swynnerton (c.1349-c.1427), English politician (and maybe law enforcement official (14th century))

John Swynnerton, English law enforcement official (16th century)

Margaret Swynnerton, daughter of Humphrey that married into the Vernon family of Sudbury and Hilton

Vernon family
The Vernon family was a wealthy, prolific and widespread English family with 11th-century origins in Vernon, Normandy, France. Their extant titles include Baron Vernon and Vernon baronets of Shotwick Park.
Praça Sete de Setembro
The Praça Sete de Setembro (English: 7 September Square), often called Praça Sete, is a square in downtown Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

It is located at the intersection of two major avenues, Afonso Pena and Amazonas, and by the streets Rio de Janeiro and Carijós.

It boasts an obelisk at its center donated by the people of the neighboring Capela Nova do Betim, today the city of Betim, the inhabitants of the state capital, on the occasion of the commemoration of the centenary of the Independence of Brazil, on 7 September 1822. The "Lollipop", as the obelist is known, is made of granite and formed by a 7m needle supported over a square pedestal adorned by a pole in each of its vertices. It was designed by architect Antonio Rego and built by engineer Antonio Gonçalves Gravatá.

Betim
Betim is a town in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The city belongs to the mesoregion Metropolitan of Belo Horizonte (BH) and to the microregion of Belo Horizonte. It is the fifth largest city in Minas Gerais and one of the 50 largest cities in the Southeast of Brazil.

Betim is home to several Petrobras oil refineries, as well as Fiat's largest factory, which opened in 1976. The city has an important role not only in the state's economy, but in the whole country's as well.
Ludfordian
In the geologic timescale, the Ludfordian is the upper of two chronostratigraphic stages within the Ludlow Series. Its age is the late Silurian Period, and within both the Palaeozoic Era and Phanerozoic Eon. The rocks assigned to the Ludfordian date to between 425.0 ± 1.5 Ma and 422.7 ± 1.6 Ma (million years ago). The Ludfordian Stage succeeds the Gorstian Stage and precedes the Pridoli Epoch. It is named for the village of Ludford in Shropshire, England. The GSSP for the Ludfordian is represented as a thin shale seam, coincident with the base of the Leintwardine Formation, overlying the Bringewood Formation in England.

Chronostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy that studies the ages of rock strata in relation to time.

The ultimate aim of chronostratigraphy is to arrange the sequence of deposition and the time of deposition of all rocks within a geological region, and eventually, the entire geologic record of the Earth.

The standard stratigraphic nomenclature is a chronostratigraphic system based on palaeontological intervals of time defined by recognised fossil assemblages (biostratigraphy). The aim of chronostratigraphy is to give a meaningful age date to these fossil assemblage intervals and interfaces.
Westmalle Brewery
Westmalle Brewery (Brouwerij der Trappisten van Westmalle) is a Trappist brewery in the Westmalle Abbey, Belgium. It produces three beers, designated as Trappist beer by the International Trappist Association. Westmalle Tripel is credited with being the first golden strong pale ale to use the term Tripel.

Trappists
The Trappists, officially known as the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (Latin: Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae, abbreviated as OCSO) and originally named the Order of Reformed Cistercians of Our Lady of La Trappe, are a Catholic religious order of cloistered monastics that branched off from the Cistercians. They follow the Rule of Saint Benedict and have communities of both monks and nuns that are known as Trappists and Trappistines, respectively. They are named after La Trappe Abbey, the monastery from which the movement and religious order originated. The movement began with the reforms that Abbot Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé introduced in 1664, later leading to the creation of Trappist congregations, and eventually the formal constitution as a separate religious order in 1892.
Moyale, Oromia (woreda)
Moyale (Oromo: Moyyaalee) is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the administrative center of the woreda, Moyale. Located in the southeast corner of the Borena Zone, Moyale is bordered on the south by Kenya, on the west by Dire, on the northwest by Arero, on the north by the Dawa River which separates it from Liben, and on the east by Dawa Zone Somali Region.

Somali Region
The Somali Region (Somali: Dawlad Deegaanka Soomaalida, Amharic: ሱማሌ ክልል, romanized: Sumalē Kilil, Arabic: المنطقة الصومالية), also known as Soomaali Galbeed (lit. 'Western Somalia') and officially the Somali Regional State, is a regional state in eastern Ethiopia. It is the second largest region of Ethiopia in terms of area. The state borders the Ethiopian regions of Afar and Oromia to the west, as well as Djibouti to the north, Somaliland to the northeast, Somalia to the east and south; and Kenya to the southwest. Jijiga is the capital of the state.

The Somali regional government is composed of the executive branch, led by the President; the legislative branch, which comprises the State Council; and the judicial branch, which is led by the State Supreme Court.
Shirley Christian
Shirley Christian is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author, known for reporting on the Central American crisis during the 1970s and 1980s. Christian has worked as a foreign correspondent for the New York Times, Miami Herald, and Associated Press. Her book on the Nicaraguan Revolution, according to the Wall Street Journal, “may stand as the definitive account of the fall of Anastasio Somoza and the rise of the Sandinistas.”

She is also the author of the 2004 history Before Lewis and Clark: The Story of the Chouteaus, the French Dynasty That Ruled America's Frontier.

Anastasio Somoza Debayle
Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (Spanish: [anasˈtasjo soˈmosa ðeˈβajle]; 5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was a Nicaraguan politician, military officer, hydraulic engineer, and dictator who served as the 53rd President of Nicaragua from 1967 to 1972 and again from 1974 until his fall in 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was de facto ruler of the country between 1967 and 1979, even during the period when he was not the de jure ruler.

Somoza Debayle succeeded his older brother, Luis Somoza Debayle, in office. He was the last member of the Somoza family to be president, ending a dynasty that had been in power since 1937.  After insurgents led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Spanish: Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional; FSLN) were closing in on Managua in July 1979, Somoza fled Nicaragua. Power was ceded to the Junta of National Reconstruction.  He was assassinated in 1980 while in exile in Paraguay.
WISH-TV
WISH-TV (channel 8) is a television station in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, affiliated with The CW. It is locally owned by Circle City Broadcasting alongside Marion-licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate WNDY-TV (channel 23) and low-power, Class A Confess affiliate WIIH-CD (channel 17). The stations share studios on North Meridian Street (at the north end of the Television Row section) on the near north side of Indianapolis; WISH-TV and WNDY-TV also share transmitter facilities on Walnut Drive in the Augusta section of the city's northwest side (near Meridian Hills).

Retransmission consent
Retransmission consent is a provision of the 1992 United States Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act that requires cable operators and other multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) to obtain permission from commercial broadcasters before carrying their programming.

Under the provision, a broadcast station (or its affiliated/parent broadcast network) can ask for monetary payment or other compensation, such as carriage of an additional channel. If the cable operator rejects the broadcaster's proposal, the station can prohibit the cable operator from retransmitting its signal.

In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates this area of business and public policy pursuant to 47 U.S.C. Part II.
Albert Riera (footballer, born 1983)
Albert Riera Vidal (born 28 December 1983) is a Spanish professional football manager and former player who is the head coach of New Zealand National League club Christchurch United. Riera spent the majority of his playing career in New Zealand, mainly appearing as a defensive midfielder for Auckland City in the New Zealand Football Championship and for Wellington Phoenix in the A-League.

Waitakere United
Waitakere United was a football club based in Waitakere City, New Zealand. They were one of the franchises in the ISPS Handa Premiership. They played their home games at Fred Taylor Park in Kumeū and The Trusts Arena.
Marek Vorel
Marek Vorel (27 August 1977 in Brno) is a former professional Czech ice hockey player. Vorel played the centre position.

Vorel played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Kometa Brno, HC Kladno, HC Zlín, HC Znojemští Orli, HC Plzeň and HC Pardubice. He also played in the SM-liiga for Ilves, the Slovak Extraliga for HC Slovan Bratislava and HC Košice and the Russian Superleague and Kontinental Hockey League for Traktor Chelyabinsk. Vorel played 399 games in the Czech Extraliga and scored 67 goals.

HC Kometa Brno
HC Kometa Brno ("Comet" in English) is a professional ice hockey team based in Brno, Czech Republic. They play in the Czech Extraliga. Kometa is the most successful ice hockey club in the Czech Republic with 14 Czechoslovak (and Czech) league championship titles. Holding three European Cup titles, Kometa ranks as the most successful Czech club in international ice hockey. The team HC Kometa Brno has won three Czech Extraliga championships, capturing the title back-to-back in 2016–17 and 2017–18, and for a third time in 2024–25, so therefore, the club is also the current champion (2025) of the Czech Republic.