hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Löfkvist
Thomas Löfkvist (born 4 April 1984) is a Swedish former professional road bicycle racer who last rode for the UCI Professional Continental team IAM Cycling. Since 2015 Thomas Löfkvist is general manager of Swedish professional cycling team Team Tre Berg–PostNord. He became the youngest Swedish professional road bicycle racer when he started his professional bicycling career in FDJeux.com at the age of 19 in 2004. Löfkvist was a good time trialist with solid climbing abilities, winning the Monte Paschi Eroica in 2009 with a powerful attack during the steep final kilometer ascent. He has previously used, both within and outside of the cycling world, the surname spelling 'Lövkvist'. Beginning with the cycling season of 2010 he is using his legal surname Löfkvist throughout.

Région Pays de la Loire Tour
The Région Pays de la Loire Tour, formerly Circuit de la Sarthe-Pays de la Loire, (English: Circuit of Sarthe) is an early-season short road bicycle racing stage race held annually in Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Since 2005, it has been organised as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. A women's edition has been held since 2024 as a category 1.2 one-day event.

Between 1953 and 1974 it was an amateur race, becoming a professional race in 1975.
Zainuddin Makhdoom II
Sheikh Ahmad Zainuddin bin Muhammad al-Ghazzali (Arabic: شيخ احمد زين الدين بن شيخ محمد غزالي; Ahmad Zayn al-Din ibn Muhammad al-Ghazāli al-Malibári), grandson of Sheikh Zainuddin Makhdoom I, was the writer, orator, historian, jurisprudent and spiritual leader and widely known as Zainuddin Makhdoom Second or Zaniudeen Makhdoom Al Sageer (زين الدين المخدوم الصغير) whose family originated from Tarim in Hadhramaut of Yemen. He inherited the legacy of his grandfather and was installed as the Chief Qadi (judge) in the locality of Ponnani, Kerala, India, as well as appointed as the Chief Müderris (head teacher) in the historic Ponnani Dars at Ponnani Jum'ah Masjid, that built by Zainuddin Makhdoom I.

Qadi
A qadi (/ˈkɑːdi/; Arabic: قاضي, romanized: qāḍī) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.
Seleman Kidunda
Seleman Salum Kidunda (also spelled Selemani) (born 2 January 1984 in Ruvuma) is a Tanzanian boxer. He competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Kidunda also competed in the Men's welterweight event at the 2012 Summer Olympics but lost to Moldovan Vasile Belous in the first round. The loss was blamed on several referee mistakes.  At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, where he was the Tanzanian flag-bearer, he lost in the first round to Kehinde Ademuyiwa.  He took up the sport of boxing after seeing Mike Tyson box on television and was named Tanzanian Boxer of the Year by the Tanzania Sports Writers Association.

Ruvuma River
Ruvuma River, formerly also known as the Rovuma River, is a river in the African Great Lakes region. During the greater part of its course, it forms the border between Tanzania and Mozambique. The river is 998 km (620 mi) long, with a drainage basin of ~155,000 km2 (60,000 mi2) in size. Its mean annual discharge is 475 m3/s (16,800 cu ft/s) to 2,286 m3/s (80,700 cu ft/s) at its mouth.
Bridgeville, Nova Scotia
Bridgeville is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Pictou County. It is on Nova Scotia Route 348 and the East River of Pictou.

Though now sparsely populated, Bridgeville was the scene of substantial iron mining operations in the nineteenth century.

Nova Scotia Route 348
Route 348 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

It is located in the northeastern part of the province and connects Little Harbour at Route 289 with Melrose at Trunk 7.

In the town of Trenton it runs on "North Main Street," "Main Street" and "Trenton Road."  In the neighbouring town of New Glasgow it runs on "North Provost Street," "Provost Street" and "Jury Street" (southbound), "Archimedes Street" (northbound), and the "East River Road."
Glazunov Glacier
Glazunov Glacier (Russian: Lednik Glazunova) (72°25′00″S 71°37′00″W﻿ / ﻿72.41667°S 71.61667°W﻿ / -72.41667; -71.61667) is a glacier flowing north into Stravinsky Inlet from Monteverdi Peninsula, Alexander Island. The glacier was named by the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1987 after Alexander Glazunov (1865-1936), a Russian composer.

Stravinsky Inlet
Stravinsky Inlet (72°20′S 71°30′W﻿ / ﻿72.333°S 71.500°W﻿ / -72.333; -71.500) is an ice-covered inlet lying between Shostakovich Peninsula and Monteverdi Peninsula in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The inlet was first mapped by Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery supplied by U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with U.S. Geological Survey. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971), Russian-born composer who became a French citizen, ultimately a citizen of the United States.
Revenue theory of cost
The revenue theory of cost, also referred to as Bowen's law or Bowen's rule, is an economic theory explaining the financial trends of American universities. It was formulated by American economist Howard R. Bowen (1908–1989), who served as president of Grinnell College, the University of Iowa, and the Claremont Graduate School.

The theory posits that costs at universities are almost entirely a function of revenue: universities raise as much money as they possibly can and then spend nearly the entirety of it in an attempt to increase prestige and quality of education. It follows from this that if universities are able to increase their revenue streams, costs will also rise, creating a revenue-to-cost spiral. The revenue theory of cost has thus been offered as an explanation for rising costs at universities, including rising tuition.

Grinnell College
Grinnell College (/ɡrɪˈnɛl/ grin-EL) is a private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa, United States. It was established as Iowa College in 1846 by a group of Congregationalists from New England. It has an "open curriculum", which means students need not follow a prescribed list of classes. The college's 120-acre campus includes several listings on the National Register of Historic Places.
Milan Mrkusich
Milan Mrkusich ONZM (5 April 1925 – 13 June 2018) was a New Zealand artist and designer. He was considered a pioneer of abstract painting in New Zealand. Retrospective exhibitions of his work were organised by the Auckland Art Gallery in 1972 and 1985, and at the Gus Fisher Gallery in 2009. A substantial monograph was published by Auckland University Press in 2009.

Mrkusich was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to painting, in the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours, and was one of ten inaugural Icon Award recipients from the Arts Foundation of New Zealand in 2003.

Auckland University Press
Auckland University Press is a New Zealand publisher that produces creative and scholarly work for a general audience. Founded in 1966 and formally recognised as Auckland University Press in 1972, it is a publisher based within the University of Auckland, located in Auckland, New Zealand. The Press currently  publishes around 20 new books a year in history and politics, art and architecture, literature and poetry, Māori, Pacific and Asian Studies, science, business and health. It published its 500th book in 2005 of which 22 were prize winning publications.
Chester County Hospital
Chester County Hospital, officially Penn Medicine Chester County Hospital, is a private, non-profit, 329-bed teaching hospital located primarily in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Opened in 1892, the hospital joined University of Pennsylvania Health System in 2013. The hospital's main campus is located in both West Chester and West Goshen Township, with satellite locations located in West Goshen, Jennersville, Exton, New Garden, and Kennett Square. The hospital is affiliated with the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Jennersville, Pennsylvania
Jennersville is an unincorporated community that is located in Penn Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States at latitude 39.823 and longitude -75.87. It is associated, for postal purposes, with the borough of West Grove, and appears on the West Grove U.S. Geological Survey Map.
Corey–Seebach reaction
The Corey–Seebach reaction, or Seebach Umpolung is a name reaction of organic chemistry that allows for acylation by converting aldehydes into lithiated 1,3-dithianes. The lithiated 1,3-dithianes serves as an acyl anion equivalent, undergoing alkylation with electrophiles. The reaction is named in honor of its discoverers, Elias J. Corey and Dieter Seebach.

Acylation
In chemistry, acylation is a broad class of chemical reactions in which an acyl group (R−C=O) is added to a substrate. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent.  The substrate to be acylated and the product include the following:

alcohols, esters

amines, amides

arenes or alkenes, ketones

A particularly common type of acylation is acetylation, the addition of the acetyl group. Closely related to acylation is formylation, which employ sources of "HCO+ in place of "RCO+".
Shuran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Shuran (Persian: شوران, also Romanized as Shūrān) is a village in Dinaran Rural District, in the Central District of Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 315, in 64 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Toeplitz matrix
In linear algebra, a Toeplitz matrix or diagonal-constant matrix, named after Otto Toeplitz, is a matrix in which each descending diagonal from left to right is constant. For instance, the following matrix is a Toeplitz matrix:

Any  matrix  of the form

is a Toeplitz matrix. If the  element of  is denoted  then we have

A Toeplitz matrix is not necessarily square.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
China National Highway 105
China National Highway 105 (G105) runs from Beijing to Macau SAR, via Langfang, Chuangzhou, Dezhou, Donge, Jining, Shuangyou, Fuyang, Liuan, Jiujiang, Nanchang, Ji'an, Guangzhou and Zhuhai.. It runs to approximately 2,717 km, and, on a map, runs broadly on a straight line from Beijing to Guangzhou.

Through the Lotus Bridge it is connected to Macau, this section has been selected to extend the G105 in 2013, under a new 2013-2030 plan by NDRC and MoT.

Lótus Bridge
Lotus Bridge (Portuguese: Ponte Flor de Lótus; Chinese: 蓮花大橋) is a cross-border bridge linking the Cotai reclamation area of Macau with Hengqin Island in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (PRC). The bridge is a road crossing between mainland China and Macau. Since December 2014, it has been open 24 hours per day.

The bridge is located about 8 km (5 mi) west of the Macau International Airport. The bridge has three lanes in each direction and follows Macau's rule of the road of driving on the left. The exit roads leaving the bridge on the mainland Chinese side have an unusual arrangement to facilitate switching westbound traffic from Macau driving on the left to driving on the right in mainland China.

The bridge has been designed by Eng Nuno Costa (Profabril) and a Chinese company.
De pura sangre
De pura sangre (English title: Of pure blood) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Ernesto Alonso for Televisa in 1985. Its original story of María Zarattini and directed by José Rendón.

Christian Bach and Humberto Zurita starred as protagonists, while Enrique Álvarez Félix, Manuel Ojeda and Víctor Junco starred as antagonists.

Ernesto Alonso
Ernesto Alonso (February 28, 1917 – August 7, 2007) was a Mexican producer, director, cinematographer and actor. He was nicknamed "El Señor Telenovela" ("Mr. Soap Opera") because most of his work centered on telenovelas known around the world.
James Mabbe
James Mabbe or Mab (1572–1642) was an English scholar, translator, and poet, and a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. He was involved in translations from Spanish, notably of the Picaresque novel by Mateo Alemán, Guzmán de Alfarache, in 1622. He also translated some of the Novelas ejemplares of Miguel de Cervantes and, in 1631, Celestina, or the Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea, a 300-page play, or "novel in dialogue," by Fernando de Rojas, under the title The Spanish Bawd.

James Mabbe may also be the "I. M." who wrote the fourth commendatory verse to the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays (1623), given that his friend and colleague Leonard Digges wrote the third.

Fernando de Rojas
Fernando de Rojas (c. 1465/73, in La Puebla de Montalbán, Toledo, Spain – April 1541, in Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain) was a Spanish author and dramatist, known for his only surviving work, La Celestina (originally titled Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea), first published in 1499. It is variously considered "the last work of the Spanish Middle Ages or the first work of the Spanish Renaissance".

Rojas wrote La Celestina while still a student. After graduating he practised law and is not known to have written any further literary works, although La Celestina achieved widespread success during his lifetime. Despite difficulties with the Inquisition, Rojas was a successful lawyer and became mayor of Talavera de la Reina, where he lived for the last three decades of his life.
David C Cook
David C Cook is an American nonprofit Christian publisher based in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It was founded as a provider of Sunday school curriculum and is a major publisher of these materials. It also publishes fiction and nonfiction books and distributes supporting materials like toys and games. Its best selling authors include Francis Chan, Gary Thomas, and J. Warner Wallace. For many years it published a Christian comic book, Sunday Pix, with stories about the adventures of Christian heroes in different eras and in many parts of the world.

J. Warner Wallace
James Warner Wallace (born June 16, 1961) is an American homicide detective and Christian apologist. Wallace is a Senior Fellow at the Colson Center for Christian Worldview and an adjunct professor of Apologetics at Talbot School of Theology (Biola University) in La Mirada, California. He has authored several books, including Person of Interest, Cold-Case Christianity, God's Crime Scene, and Forensic Faith, in which he applies principles of cold case homicide investigation to apologetic concerns such as the existence of God and the reliability of the Gospels. He has been featured as a cold case homicide expert on Fox 11 Los Angeles, truTV (formerly Court TV), and NBC.
Ernesto Aguirre (footballer)
Ernesto Aguirre (born 10 September 1963) is a Peruvian footballer. He played in four matches for the Peru national football team in 1991. He was also part of Peru's squad for the 1991 Copa América tournament.

1991 Copa América
The 1991 Copa América football tournament was hosted by Chile, from 6 to 21 July. It was organized by CONMEBOL and all ten member nations participated.

Until the 2021 edition, this was the last time that the tournament consisted of only CONMEBOL member nations. In later tournaments, at least two nations from outside CONMEBOL have been invited to bring the total number of participants to twelve.

Argentina won the Copa América for the record-tying 13th time, their first since 1959. With this title, Argentina qualified to participate in the 1992 King Fahd Cup and in the 1993 Artemio Franchi Trophy.
Breisky
Breisky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Breisky (1832–1889), Czech doctor and educator

Arthur Breisky (1885–1910), Czech writer

Michael Breisky (born 1940), Austrian diplomat

Walter Breisky (1871–1944), Austrian jurist, civil servant, and politician

Arthur Breisky
Arthur Breisky (real name Arthur Vincenc Josef Breiský: May 14, 1885, Roudnice nad Labem near Prague – 1910, New York City, United States) was a Czech writer of Decadence.

He was a novelist, a translator, literary editor, and a playwright; wrote a number of reviews on modern literature and art. Was also known as a dandy and aesthetician, and a master of mystification both in his literary works and in real life.

Died as a lift boy, probably committed an error.

Born in Roudnice, Arthur started his education in Prague but moved with the family to Louny in 1899. Nowadays, there is a street in Louny named after Arthur Breisky.
Alpine Energy
Alpine Energy Limited is an electricity distribution business based in Timaru, New Zealand. The company own and operates the electricity distribution network in South Canterbury.

The company's distribution network consists of 4,300 km (2,700 mi) of lines, supplying electricity to approximately 33,000 customers. The network covers the towns of Timaru, Temuka, Waimate, Pleasant Point, Fairlie, Lake Tekapo, Twizel, and Mount Cook Village.

Alpine Energy holds the naming rights to Fraser Park, the home ground of the South Canterbury rugby union team and an alternate home ground for the Crusaders Super Rugby team, which means it is known as Alpine Energy Stadium.

In December 2025 the company announced plans to collaborate with Otago-based Aurora Energy by merging the operations of the two lines companies.

Lake Tekapo (town)
Lake Tekapo (often known simply as Tekapo (Māori: Takapō) to avoid confusion with the lake itself) is a small township located at the southern end of the lake of the same name in the inland South Island of New Zealand. It had 558 residents according to the 2018 census, being one of five settlements in the sparsely populated Mackenzie Basin.

State Highway 8 runs directly through the township – 227 kilometres (141 mi) from Christchurch and 256 kilometres (159 mi) from Queenstown.  Daily shuttle services link Lake Tekapo to Christchurch and Queenstown. The lake is a popular tourist destination, and several resort hotels are located at the township.  Lake Tekapo Airport is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the town where local tourism operator Air Safaris is based. Twizel lies 60 km (39 minutes drive) south of Lake Tekapo via Lake Pukaki and Burkes Pass lies 21 km (15 minutes drive) west along State Highway 8.
Aphyocypris arcus
Aphyocypris arcus, the Yaoshan carp, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Xenocyprididae, the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. This species endemic to China where it has a disjunct distribution, being recorded from Guangdong and Guangxi, in the drainage basin of the Pearl River, and from Hainan.

Xenocyprididae
Xenocyprididae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, commonly called the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. They have a natural distribution in Asia. This taxon, sometimes spelt Xenocypridae, was previously regarded to be a subfamily, Xenocyprinae, of the family Cyprinidae. Cyprinidae sensu lato is now divided into a number of smaller families within the suborder Cyprinoidei, in the order Cypriniformes.
Loncosaurus
Loncosaurus (meaning uncertain; either Araucanian "chief" or Greek "lance" "lizard") is an extinct genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina.  The type (and only known) species is Loncosaurus argentinus, described by the famous Argentinian paleontologist Florentino Ameghino, but is considered a dubious name.  Details on this animal are often contradictory, befitting a genus that was long confused for a theropod.

Teeth attributed to cf. "Carnosaurus" may have actually belonged to Loncosaurus.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Kanel
Kanel (Hassaniya Arabic: كانيل) is a town and urban commune in the Matam Region of northeastern Senegal. It is the capital of the Kanel Department. The population in 2023 was 15,244, an increase from the 12,975 counted in 2013.

The town received commune status in 1996. Its climate is typical of the Sahel region

Matam region
Matam is a region of Senegal (regional capitals have the same name as their respective regions).

It is a flat, arid region bounded on the north by the Sénégal River and the south by the Sahelian plain studded with baobab trees. Matam is populated by the Pulaar-speaking Toucouleur people. According to a 2015 economic report, half of Senegal's agricultural value is derived from the Matam region.
Hugh Garahan
Hugh Garahan (died 7 June 1940) was an Irish politician. A farmer, he was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1923 general election. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the June 1927 general election as a Farmers' Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Longford–Westmeath constituency. He lost his seat at the September 1927 general election.

In 1931 he was elected to the Free State Seanad and was re-elected to the Seanad in 1934, where he was a member of Cumann na nGaedheal and later Fine Gael.

Longford–Westmeath
Longford–Westmeath is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects five deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). It contains all of County Longford and County Westmeath.
Günther Rücker
Günther Rücker (February 2, 1924 - February 24, 2008) was a German writer, playwright and film director. Rücker won several awards for his work, including the National Prize of the GDR and the Prix Italia.

Rücker was born at Reichenberg (Liberec), and studied at the Theaterhochschule Leipzig. He was a Stasi informer after 1978. He died in Meiningen, aged 84.

Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.