hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingsbury Commitment
The Kingsbury Commitment is a 1913 out-of-court settlement of the United States government's antitrust challenge against the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for the company's then-growing vertical monopoly in the telecommunications industry. In return for the government's agreement not to pursue legal action against the company as a monopolist, AT&T agreed to divest the controlling interest it had acquired in the Western Union Telegraph Company, and to allow non-competing independent telephone companies to interconnect with the AT&T long-distance network.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
François Rochebloine
François Rochebloine (born 31 October 1945 in Saint-Chamond, Loire) is a former member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented Loire's 3rd constituency,  and is a member of the New Centre. The Azerbaijani government has blacklisted Rochebloine who visited Nagorno-Karabakh in June 2010 without Baku’s permission.

Saint-Chamond, Loire
Saint-Chamond (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʃamɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central France. Situated 13 km northeast of the city of Saint-Étienne and 46 km southwest of Lyon, the town dates back to the Roman period.

It lies in an iron and coal region, which were the basis of industrial growth during the 19th and 20th centuries. As many of the mines and factories closed in the late 20th century due to restructuring, there was a loss of jobs and population.

The present city of Saint-Chamond is the result of the merger in 1964 of the communes of Saint-Martin-en-Coailleux, Saint-Julien-en-Jarez, Izieux and Saint-Chamond. The new town is the third-largest town in the department.
Mick Morris (footballer, born 1943)
Michael John Morris (20 January 1943 – 15 March 2020) was an English footballer who played as a forward. He spent time with Barking, Grays Athletic, West Ham United (without making a first-team appearance), and Faversham Town, before he joined Oxford United in 1964. He helped the club to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1964–65, before he moved on to Port Vale in July 1967. He helped the "Valiants" to also win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1969–70 before he was moved on to Stafford Rangers in May 1972. After five years with Rangers, he ended his career at Leek Town.

1964–65 Football League
The 1964–65 season was the 66th completed season of the Football League.

Manchester United won its sixth league title and its first since the Munich air disaster of 1958. The Second, Third and Fourth Divisions were won by Newcastle United, Carlisle United and Brighton & Hove Albion respectively.
ILE romanization of Cantonese
The Institute of Language in Education Scheme (Chinese: 教院式拼音方案) also known as the List of Cantonese Pronunciation of Commonly-used Chinese Characters romanization scheme (常用字廣州話讀音表), ILE scheme, and Cantonese Pinyin, is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by Ping-Chiu Thomas Yu (Chinese: 余秉昭) in 1971, and subsequently modified by the Education Department of Hong Kong (now the Education Bureau) and Zhan Bohui (詹伯慧) of the Chinese Dialects Research Centre of the Jinan University, Guangdong, PRC, and honorary professor of the School of Chinese, University of Hong Kong. It is the only romanization system accepted by Education and Manpower Bureau of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority.

The Institute of Education in its name refers to the Institute of Language in Education: 487  (語文教育學院: 423 ), which later became part of the Hong Kong Institute of Education, now the Education University of Hong Kong.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
Matías de Andrade
Matías de Andrade (born 22 April 1993) is an Argentine Paralympic swimmer who specialises in backstroke swimming and competes in international elite events. He is a two-time World Para Swimming Championships medalist and a Parapan American Games champion.

Para swimming
Para swimming is an adaptation of the sport of swimming for athletes with disabilities. Para swimmers compete at the Summer Paralympic Games and at other sports competitions throughout the world. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Both men and women compete in para swimming, racing against competitors of their own gender.
January 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 3 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 5

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 17 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For January 4, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 22.

December 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 21 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 23

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on January 4 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 22nd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 9.
1915 Bay of Islands by-election
The 1915 Bay of Islands by-election was a by-election held on 8 June 1915 during the 19th New Zealand Parliament in the Northland electorate of Bay of Islands. The by-election came about because Vernon Reed's win in the 1914 general election was declared void by an electoral court. The seat was won by William Stewart of the Reform Party. Reed, who was also of the Reform Party, was barred by the court from standing for election for 12 months.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
James Hall (philosopher)
James H. Hall (born 1933) is an American philosopher. He was the James Thomas Professor of Philosophy at the University of Richmond from 1965 until his retirement in 2005. He remains at the university as Professor Emeritus. His philosophical interests include: 20th Century analytic philosophy, epistemology, philosophy of religion, and logical empiricism. He has produced two lecture series for The Teaching Company: Philosophy of Religion and Tools of Thinking: Understanding the World Through Experience and Reason.

University of Richmond
The University of Richmond (UR or U of R) is a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is a primarily undergraduate, residential institution with approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools: the School of Arts and Sciences; the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business; the Jepson School of Leadership Studies; the University of Richmond School of Law; and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies. It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus".

The university's athletics teams are known as the "Richmond Spiders," after the university's distinctive mascot. A participant in the U.S. Navy's V-12 Navy College Training Program during World War II, Richmond commissions U.S. Army officers through its ROTC program, which is partnered with Hampden-Sydney College and Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia.
St Mary's Island, Kent
St Mary's Island, is part of the Chatham Maritime development area in Medway, South East England. It is located at the northern end of Chatham, adjacent to Brompton and Gillingham.  Once part of the Royal Dockyard, Chatham, the area had consisted of a mixture of sports fields and warehousing during the later years of the Royal Navy's time in occupation.

St.Mary's Island is divided from mainland Chatham by three basins used by the dockyard.

Medway
Medway is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Kent in South East England. It was formed in 1998 by merging the boroughs of Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham, and is administered by Medway Council, which is independent from Kent County Council. The borough had a population of 278,016 in 2019.  The borough contains the towns of Chatham, Gillingham, Rainham, Rochester and Strood, which are collectively known as the Medway Towns.

Medway is one of the boroughs included in the Thames Gateway development scheme. It is also the home of Universities at Medway, a tri-partite collaboration of the University of Greenwich, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University on a single campus in Chatham, together with the Medway School of Arts.
1990 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1990 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 20th edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 19 August 1990 at Herxheim in Germany which was West Germany at the time.

The world title was won by Simon Wigg of England for the third time.

Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme
The International Motorcycling Federation (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) or (FIM) is the global governing/sanctioning body of motorcycle racing. It represents 123 national motorcycle federations that are divided into six continental unions.

There are ten motorcycle-racing disciplines that FIM covers, encompassing 62 international championships as well as 188 secondary championships of circuit racing, enduro, Speedway Racing, Trials, Off-Roading, Motorcross, Supercross, Sno-Cross, Sidecars, and E-Bikes. FIM is also involved in many non-racing activities that promote the sport, its safety, and support relevant public policy. The FIM is also the first international sporting federation to publish an Environmental Code, in 1994. In 2007, a Commission for Women in Motorcycling was created by the FIM in order to promote the use of powered two-wheelers and the motorcycle sport among women.
HisB
The hisB gene, found in the enterobacteria (such as E. coli), in Campylobacter jejuni and in Xylella/Xanthomonas encodes a protein involved in catalysis of two step in histidine biosynthesis (the sixth and eight step), namely the bifunctional Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase/histidinol-phosphatase.

The former function (EC 4.2.1.19), found at the N-terminal, dehydrated d-erythroimidazoleglycerolphosphate to imidazoleacetolphosphate, the latter function (EC 3.1.3.15), found at the C-terminal, dephosphorylates l-histidinolphosphate producing histidinol.

The firth step is catalysed instead by histadinolphosphate aminotransferase (encoded by hisC)

The peptide is 40.5kDa and associates to form a hexamer (unless truncated)

In E. coli hisB is found on the hisGDCBHAFI operon

The phosphatase activity possess a substrate ambiguity and overexpression of hisB can rescue phosphoserine phosphatase (serB) knockouts.

Xanthomonas
Xanthomonas (from greek: xanthos – "yellow"; monas – "entity") is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. There are at least 27 plant associated Xanthomonas spp., that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies.
Apraclonidine
Apraclonidine (INN), also known under the brand name Iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a weak α1 adrenergic receptor agonist.

Topical apraclonidine is administered at a concentration of 1% for the prevention and treatment of post-surgical intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and 0.5% for short-term adjunctive therapy in patients on maximally tolerated medical therapy who require additional reduction of IOP. One drop is usually added one hour prior to laser eye surgery and another drop is given after the procedure is complete.

Sympathomimetic drug
Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones. Sympathomimetic drugs are used to treat cardiac arrest and low blood pressure, delay premature labor, psychiatric conditions such as ADHD, neurological conditions such as narcolepsy, among other things.

These drugs can act through several mechanisms, such as directly activating postsynaptic receptors, blocking breakdown and reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, or stimulating production and release of catecholamines.
Gustave Lefebvre
Gustave Lefebvre (17 July 1879 – 1 November 1957) was a French Egyptologist.

During the 1910s he worked as an inspector of antiquities for the Sultanate of Egypt and approved the controversial export of the Nefertiti Bust to Germany. His works included two books on the history of the High Priests of Amun, and one on ancient Egyptian medicine.

Ancient Egyptian medicine
The medicine of the ancient Egyptians is some of the oldest documented. From the beginnings of the civilization in the late fourth millennium BC until the Persian invasion of 525 BC, Egyptian medical practice went largely unchanged and included simple non-invasive surgery, setting of bones, dentistry, and an extensive set of pharmacopoeia. Egyptian medical thought influenced later traditions, including the Greeks.
Yakusoku (Eir Aoi song)
"Yakusoku" (約束, Promise) is a song by Japanese pop singer Eir Aoi. It was released on her official YouTube on February 8, 2018 as her comeback song from her hiatus, before received a physical release together with the song "Ryūsei" on June 13, 2018 as her fourteenth single. It reached number 8 on Oricon and number 10 on Japan Hot 100. The single mark as her first double A-side single.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
Irugaiyur
Irugaiyur is a village in the Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Irugaiyur place village panchayat in account of T. Palur block.
There are containing four villages, 1.irugaiyur.2.Venanullur.3.kottiyal.4.kuzhadukuppam.
Kottiyal village have present in only one community of people. This village noted eight types of orgine community.it will be appear on kumpakonam to ariyalur main road. Now this way very economic in our district. From kottiyal to kumpakonam just 45 mins travel.

Ariyalur district
Ariyalur district is an administrative district, one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district headquarters is located at Ariyalur. The district encompasses an area of 1,949.31 km2.

Gangaikonda Cholapuram, built by King Rajendra Chola of Chola Empire, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site situated in this district. The district is also known for its rich prehistoric fossils. Many fossils of gigantic molluscs and jawed fishes, at least one fossilized dinosaur egg, and several fragmentary fossils of sauropod and theropod dinosaurs have been discovered here. An on-site museum is being set up at Keelapazhur to preserve and conserve fossils.  Ariyalur is noted for its cement industries and Jayankondam has huge reserves of lignite.
2014 Sacramento Challenger – Doubles
John-Patrick Smith and Matt Reid were the defending champions, however they chose not to participate with each other. Smith partners Adam Hubble, whilst Reid partners Jose Statham.

Adam Hubble and John-Patrick Smith won the title by defeating Peter Polansky and Adil Shamasdin 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Rubin Statham
Rubin Statham (born 25 April 1987) is a former professional tennis player from New Zealand. He reached an ATP career-high ranking of world No. 279 in singles on 25 February 2013, and No. 139 in doubles on 17 June 2013.
Paul Healion
Paul Healion (3 June 1978 - 16 August 2009) was an Irish racing cyclist from Dunboyne, County Meath.

In 2000 and 2008 he was the National Time Trial Champion. In 2001 he won his first National Criterium Championships. He won the event again in 2009 during a spell of superb form.

Healion died on the evening of 16 August 2009 after his car, in which he was alone, crashed near Ardee, County Louth. He leaves a widow, Ann. He had been due to ride the Tour of Ireland stage race the following weekend as part of the Irish Cycling Team.

Dunboyne
Dunboyne (Irish: Dún Búinne, meaning 'Búinne's stronghold') is a town in County Meath, Ireland, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Dublin city centre. It is a commuter town for Dublin. In the 20 years between the 1996 and 2016 censuses, the population of Dunboyne more than doubled from 3,080 to 7,272 inhabitants. As per the 2022 census, the population decreased slightly to 7,155. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Weems–Botts Museum
Weems–Botts House Museum is a small historic museum in Dumfries, Virginia, United States. The museum includes the landmark Weems–Botts House on the corner of Duke Street and Cameron Street and the Weems–Botts Museum Annex, which houses the Lee Lansing Research Library and Archive, located at 3944 Cameron Street. Both buildings are located in Merchant Park. The park's bandstand commemorates William Grayson, one of Prince William County's most respected citizens and one of Virginia's first senators. The museum tour showcases the history of Dumfries, Virginia's oldest chartered town, and people associated with the house, including Mason Locke "Parson" Weems, and attorney Benjamin Botts.

The museum was restored in 1975 as part of a bicentennial U.S. restoration project. The museum is owned by the Town of Dumfries and operated by Historic Dumfries Virginia, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County lies beside the Potomac River in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 482,204, making it Virginia's second most populous county. The county seat is the independent city of Manassas. A part of Northern Virginia, Prince William County is part of the Washington metropolitan area. In 2020, it had the 24th highest income of any county in the United States. The county is named after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, the youngest son of King George II.
Biemlfdlkk
Biemlfdlkk (Chinese: 比音勒芬), stylized as BIEM.L.FDLKK, also known as Biyinlefen, is a Chinese golf apparel manufacturer founded in 2003. Fully referred to as Biem.l.fdlkk Garment Co., Ltd., it focuses on the field of high-end fashion sportswear. Its main brand is the company's eponymous brand. In addition, it owns the global trademark rights of Cerruti 1881 and Kent & Curwen. The company is owned by Xie Bingzheng.

Headquartered in Guangzhou, Biemlfdlkk stores are concentrated in malls, golf courses, and airports, where they are operated in the form of chain stores. In 2013, it became a sponsor of the Chinese National Golf Team, and was the team's garment supplier during the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. In 2016, the company was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "002832.SZ". In 2018, it launched the Carnaval de Venise brand.

Sponsor (commercial)
Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services. The individual or group that provides the support, similar to a benefactor, is known as the sponsor.
Mount Tabor, West Yorkshire
Mount Tabor is a village in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England, named after the biblical Battle of Mount Tabor mentioned in the Book of Judges. It is situated approximately 3 miles (5 km) north-west from Halifax town centre. The village is in the Warley ward of Calderdale.

The village is served by buses from Halifax bus station.

A post box in the village is painted gold, to commemorate one of Hannah Cockroft's 2012 Summer Paralympics gold medals.

The author Whiteley Turner lived in Mount Tabor.

Hannah Cockroft
Hannah Lucy Cockroft (born 30 July 1992) is a British wheelchair racer, specialising in sprint distances in the T34 classification, and a TV presenter.

She holds the world records for the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 800 metres and 1500 metres in her classification and the Paralympic records at 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres and 800 metres. Competing for Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, she won two gold medals. She won three further gold medals at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro.
John Canaday (Illinois politician)
John Canaday was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

He served as a state representative representing Vermilion County in the 13th Illinois General Assembly.

13th Illinois General Assembly
The 13th Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, met from December 5, 1842, to March 6, 1843 (1st session).

The 13th General Assembly was preceded by the 12th Illinois General Assembly, and was succeeded by the 14th Illinois General Assembly.

On January 14, 1841, during the 12th Illinois General Assembly, the ratio of population per Senate seat was fixed at 12,000, and for Representatives at 4,000 resulting in a Senate of forty-one members and a House of one hundred twenty-one members. This arrangement lasted until February 25, 1847, when a new apportionment was made.