hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Return on Change
Return on Change (RoC) is an equity crowdfunding platform that connects investors with innovative and socially conscious startups. Return on Change works with startups that operate in five sectors, each of which touches on sustainability in some way: cleantech, edtech, life sciences, social enterprises, and technology. An online equity crowdsourcing platform, RoC helps socially conscious ventures raise capital.

Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, is a law intended to encourage funding of small businesses in the United States by easing many of the country's securities regulations. It passed with bipartisan support, and was signed into law by President Barack Obama on April 5, 2012. Title III, also known as the CROWDFUND Act, has drawn the most public attention because it creates a way for companies to use crowdfunding to issue securities, something that was not previously permitted. Title II went into effect on September 23, 2013.  On October 30, 2015, the SEC adopted final rules allowing Title III equity crowdfunding. These rules went into effect on May 16, 2016; this section of the law is known as Regulation CF. Other titles of the Act had previously become effective in the years since the Act's passage.
Rajagiriya (Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte) Grama Niladhari Division
Rajagiriya Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 514B.

Welikadawatte, Rajagiriya Flyover, President's College, Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Election Commission of Sri Lanka, Altitude (building) and Hewavitharana Maha Vidyalaya are located within, nearby or associated with Rajagiriya.

Rajagiriya is a surrounded by the Welikada East, Ethulkotte West, Koswatta, Welikada North and Welikada West Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Election Commission of Sri Lanka
The Election Commission of Sri Lanka is the constitutional authority responsible for administering and overseeing all elections in Sri Lanka, including the Presidential, Parliamentary, Provincial and Local Authority elections. Sri Lanka has had universal adult suffrage since 1931, becoming the first Crown colony to enfranchise all adult citizens, 3 years after the United Kingdom itself; the country is the oldest democracy in Asia.
Protein trimer
In biochemistry, a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids. A protein trimer often occurs from the assembly of a protein's quaternary structure. The non-covalent interactions between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on the polypeptides units help to stabilize the quaternary structure. Since a protein trimer is composed of multiple polypeptide subunits, it is considered an oligomer.

A homotrimer would be formed by three identical molecules. A heterotrimer would be formed by three different macromolecules. Type II Collagen is an example of homotrimeric protein, while Type I collagen is an AAB-type heterotrimeric protein. An example of viral protein homotrimeric protein is mammarenavirus of Z matrix protein.

Porins usually arrange themselves in membranes as trimers.

Mammarenavirus
Mammarenavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Arenaviridae. The name is a portmanteau of mammal and the former name Arenavirus, and differentiates it from the reptile-associated Reptarenavirus. Arenavirus comes from the Latin arena (sand) for the sandy appearance of the virions.
Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem
In transcendental number theory, the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem is a result that is very useful in establishing the transcendence of numbers. It states the following:

In other words, the extension field  has transcendence degree n over .

An equivalent formulation from Baker 1990, Chapter 1, Theorem 1.4, is the following:

This equivalence transforms a linear relation over the algebraic numbers into an algebraic relation over  by using the fact that a symmetric polynomial whose arguments are all conjugates of one another gives a rational number.

The theorem is named for Ferdinand von Lindemann and Karl Weierstrass. Lindemann proved in 1882 that eα is transcendental for every non-zero algebraic number α, thereby establishing that π is transcendental (see below). Weierstrass proved the above more general statement in 1885.

The theorem, along with the Gelfond–Schneider theorem, is extended by Baker's theorem, and all of these would be further generalized by Schanuel's conjecture.

Field extension
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, a field extension is a pair of fields , such that the operations of K are those of L restricted to K. In this case, L is an extension field of K and K is a subfield of L. For example, under the usual notions of addition and multiplication, the complex numbers are an extension field of the real numbers; the real numbers are a subfield of the complex numbers.

Field extensions are fundamental in algebraic number theory, and in the study of polynomial roots through Galois theory, and are widely used in algebraic geometry.
95–2003
95–2003 is the second solo album by Polish rock singer Piotr Rogucki, frontman of the band Coma. It was released on June 11, 2012 through Polish label Mystic Production. The album debuted at number 1 on the official Polish sales chart OLiS.

OLiS
OLiS (Oficjalna Lista Sprzedaży; English: Official Sales Chart) is the official chart of the 100 highest selling music albums in Poland. The chart exists since 23 October 2000 and is provided by ZPAV.

Until January 2023 the chart consisted of 50 albums, based only on physical sale. Since January 2023 the chart consists of 100 albums and is based on both physical sale (compiled by Kantar Polska) and listeners in four streaming services (compiled by Ranger agency): Spotify, YouTube (including YouTube Music and YouTube Premium), Apple Music and Deezer.
Five Roses (album)
Five Roses is the first album by Miracle Fortress, released on May 22, 2007. On July 10, 2007, the shortlist for the Polaris Music Prize was revealed. Five Roses was announced as a finalist, alongside such other acts as Arcade Fire, Julie Doiron, and Chad VanGaalen. The winner was announced at a gala ceremony on September 24, 2007, with the award going to Patrick Watson.

Julie Doiron
Julie Elaine Doiron (born June 28, 1972) is a Canadian singer-songwriter of Acadian heritage. She has been the bassist and co-vocalist for the Canadian indie rock band Eric's Trip since its formation in 1990. Doiron has also released ten solo albums, beginning with 1996's Broken Girl, and is also the lead singer for the band Julie and the Wrong Guys.
Untitled (Thought Forms and Esben and the Witch EP)
Untitled (referred to in Spotify as Split LP) is a split EP by British rock bands Thought Forms and Esben and the Witch, which was released on 7 April 2014 through Invada Records. It was also released as a digital download and on 12" silver vinyl, limited to 500 copies. The EP contains four songs by Thought Forms and two songs by Esben and the Witch, and the songs "Sound of Violence" by Thought Forms and "No Dog" by Esben and the Witch were uploaded to SoundCloud.

Split album
A split album (or split) is a music album that includes tracks by two or more separate artists. Split albums differ from "various artists" compilation albums in that they generally include several tracks of each artist, or few artists with one or two tracks each, instead of multiple artists with only one or two tracks each. There are also singles and EPs of the same variety, which are often called "split singles" and "split EPs" respectively.
Interstate 244
Interstate 244 (I-244), also known as the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Expressway (in honor of Martin Luther King Jr.) since 1984, the Crosstown Expressway, and the Red Fork Expressway, is a 15.8-mile-long (25.4 km) east–west Interstate Highway bypass route of I-44 around Tulsa, Oklahoma.

At both I-244's western and eastern terminus, the highway connects with I-44. I-244 runs from the western bank of the Arkansas River, across the river and past downtown Tulsa, before running through the northern half of the city and connecting again with I-44.

In downtown Tulsa, I-244 forms the northern and western legs of the "Inner Dispersal Loop". The southern and eastern legs are formed by the unsigned I-444 (signed as U.S. Highway 75 (US-75)).

Unsigned highway
An unsigned highway is a highway that has been assigned a route number, but does not bear road markings that would conventionally be used to identify the route with that number. Highways are left unsigned for a variety of reasons, and examples are found throughout the world. Depending on the policy of the agency that maintains the highway, and the reason for not signing the route, the route may instead be signed a different designation from its actual number, with small inventory markers for internal use, or with nothing at all.
Thick skin
Thick skin can refer to:

The ability to withstand criticism.

Literally thick skin covering the body of an animal, such as an elephant or rhinoceros.

Callus, an area of thickened skin
Callus (disambiguation), similar uses of Callus such as a lack of empathy (callousness).

Thick Skinned, a 1989 French film

"Thick Skin", a song by Leona Lewis from I Am

Thick Skin, a 2018 album by Tia Gostelow

I Am (Leona Lewis album)
I Am is the fifth studio album by English singer Leona Lewis. It was released on 11 September 2015, by Island Records after Lewis took leave from Syco Music in June 2014. Recording began in mid 2013, during the production of Lewis's first Christmas album and fourth studio album, Christmas, with Love (2013). Recording sessions resumed in January 2014 with producer Poet, Toby Gad and Wayne Wilkins. I Am is preceded by the release of "Fire Under My Feet" and the album's title track except for in the United States where "Thunder" precedes the album. The album reached top 40 in multiple countries, including US, United Kingdom, Spain and Germany.
Enumclaw High School
Enumclaw High School is a public school in Enumclaw, Washington, United States. The school serves about 1300 students from Enumclaw as well as local unincorporated regions of King County and cities such as Black Diamond and Greenwater. The Hornet, the school's mascot, is represented by the colors maroon and gold.

Greenwater, Washington
Greenwater is a census-designated place (CDP) in the northwest United States in Pierce County, Washington. Southeast of Seattle, the population was 67 at the 2010 census, down from 91 in 2000. At the 2020 census, the population was 95.

Based on per capita income, Greenwater ranks 17th of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked, and is the highest in Pierce County. East of Enumclaw on Highway 410, Greenwater gains much of its popularity as a town for hikers and skiers on their way south to Mount Rainier National Park and Crystal Mountain ski area.

Three popular campgrounds reside in Greenwater: Silver Springs, The Dalles, and Buck Creek.
Balligavi
Balligavi a town in Shikaripura taluk Shivamogga district of Karnataka state, India, is today known as Belagami or Balagame. Its ancient names are Baligrama, Dakshina Kendra, Valliggame and Valligrame.  A place of antiquity, it is known for its ancient monuments. Balligavi was an Ancient Jain Hub of South Before the 12th century inscriptional records mention the presence of more than twenty basadis during this period. Balligavi is located 72 km from Shivamogga city and 21 km from Shikaripura town and 2.3 km from Shiralakoppa in Shikaripura taluk. Balli in Kannada means creeper or vine.

Archaeologically, Balligavi dated from the Satavahana-Kadamba era and the Chaturmukha linga (four faced linga) here is in that style. The area came under the Banavasi province of the Kadamba Dynasty in 4-5th century AD. Important Kadamba inscriptions like the Talagunda inscriptions, near Balligavi have been collected by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Banavasi
Banavasi is an ancient temple town located near Sirsi in Karnataka. Banavasi was the ancient capital of the Kadamba dynasty that ruled all of modern-day Karnataka state. They were the first native empire to bring Kannada and Karnataka to prominence. It is 24 km (15 mi) away from its nearest large city Sirsi through SH 77.
His Last Bow (short story)
"His Last Bow. The War Service of Sherlock Holmes", later titled "His Last Bow: An Epilogue of Sherlock Holmes", is one of 56 short stories about Sherlock Holmes written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It was first published in September 1917 in The Strand Magazine and collected as the last of an anthology of eight stories titled His Last Bow: Some Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes the following month. The narration is in the third person, instead of the first person narration usually provided by the character of Dr. Watson, and it is a spy story, rather than a detective mystery. Due to its portrayal of British and German spies on the eve of war, its publication during the First World War, and its patriotic themes, the story has been interpreted as a propaganda tool intended to boost morale for British readers.

Imagination Theatre
Imagination Theatre is an American syndicated radio drama program airing on AM and FM radio stations across the United States. It features modern radio dramas. The program first aired in 1996. Originally produced by Jim French Productions, the program is now produced by Aural Vision, LLC.

Multiple radio series have aired as part of Imagination Theatre, the most popular of which are the two long-running mystery series The Adventures of Harry Nile and The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.
Jane Foster (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
Jane Foster is a fictional character portrayed by Natalie Portman in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Foster appears in Thor (2011), Thor: The Dark World (2013), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), where she becomes the Mighty Thor. Alternate versions of Foster appear in Avengers: Endgame (2019) and the animated television series What If...? (2021).

Although Portman's performance was praised, the character received mixed reception from the first two Thor films, though her portrayal in Thor: Love and Thunder as the Mighty Thor was better received and is considered by many to be one of the highlights of the film.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre
The men's sabre was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme in Stockholm, Sweden. It was the fifth appearance of the event.

The Hungarian fencers dominated the competition, with all 12 advancing to the semifinals. In 2 of the 4 semifinals, the Hungarians took the top three places. In a third, Hungarian fencers took the two qualifying spots while the third Hungarian did not start. In the remaining semifinal, Nedo Nadi of Italy placed second to become the only non-Hungarian fencer to advance to the final (the three Hungarians took first, third, and fourth in that semifinal).

The final consisted of 7 Hungarian fencers and Nadi. Nadi took fifth. Jenő Fuchs successfully defended his 1908 Olympic title, the first man to win multiple medals in the sabre. Béla Békessy took silver and Ervin Mészáros earned bronze.

Béla Békessy
Béla Békessy (16 November 1875 – 6 July 1916) was a Hungarian épée, foil and sabre fencer. He won a silver medal in the individual sabre event at the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action during World War I.
Acalolepta magnetica
Acalolepta magnetica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1866, originally under the genus Monochamus. It is known from Micronesia, Moluccas and Indonesia.

Monochamus
Monochamus is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifers such as pines. They are the type genus of the Monochamini, a tribe in the huge long-horned beetle subfamily Lamiinae, but typically included in the Lamiini today.

If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage. Some species are known to transport phoretic Bursaphelenchus nematodes, including B. xylophilus which causes pine wilt disease.
1975 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 22
The 1975 Tour de France was the 62nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Charleroi, Belgium with a prologue individual time trial on 26 June, and Stage 11 occurred on 8 July with a mountainous stage from  Pau. The race finished in Paris on 20 July.

Melun
Melun (French pronunciation: [məlœ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region, north-central France. It is located on the southeastern outskirts of Paris, about 41 kilometres (25+1⁄2 miles) from the centre of the capital. Melun is the prefecture of Seine-et-Marne, and the seat of one of its arrondissements. Its inhabitants are called Melunais.
Paulo Leminski
Paulo Leminski Filho (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈpawlu leˈmĩski ˈfiʎu]; August 24, 1944 – June 7, 1989) was a Brazilian writer, poet, translator, journalist, advertising professional, songwriter, literary critic, biographer, teacher and judoka. He was noted for his avant-garde work, an experimental novel and poetry inspired in concrete poetry, as well as abundant short lyrics derived from haiku and related forms. He had a remarkable poetry, as he invented his own way of writing, with puns, jokes with popular sayings and the influence of haiku, in addition to abusing slangs and profanity.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
1874 North Lancashire by-election
The 1874 North Lancashire by-election was fought on 26 March 1874.  The by-election in the North Lancashire constituency was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Wilson-Patten.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Henry Clifton who was unopposed.

North Lancashire
North Lancashire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was represented by two Members of Parliament. The constituency was created by the Great Reform Act 1832 by the splitting of Lancashire constituency into Northern and Southern divisions.
Washington Watch with Roland Martin
Washington Watch with Roland Martin is an American television news program hosted by Roland Martin and aired on TV One. The series began airing in 2009. In 2011, it was nominated for an Image Award for "Outstanding News, Talk, or Information Series." The show ended its four-year series run in May 2013.

NAACP Image Awards
The NAACP Image Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the American-based National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to honor outstanding performances in film, television, theatre, music, and literature. Over 40 categories of the Image Awards are voted on by the NAACP members. Honorary awards (similar to the Academy Honorary Award) have also been included, such as the President's Award, the Chairman's Award, the Entertainer of the Year, the Activist of the Year, and the Hall of Fame Award. Beyoncé is the most awarded individual with 25 wins as a solo artist.
2022 Engie Open de l'Isère – Doubles
Ioana Loredana Roșca and Kimberley Zimmermann were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Yuriko Miyazaki and Prarthana Thombare won the title, defeating Alicia Barnett and Olivia Nicholls in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

Olivia Nicholls
Olivia Ann Nicholls (born 26 October 1994) is a British tennis player who specializes in doubles. On 23 June 2025, she peaked at world No. 23 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Nicholls has won three doubles titles on the WTA Tour, one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Colekitchen Down
Colekitchen Down is a  3-hectare (7.4-acre) nature reserve north of Gomshall in Surrey. It is managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust.

This sloping area of species-rich unimproved chalk grassland is surrounded by woodland and scrub. There is a variety of butterflies including chalkhill blue, small heath, adonis blue, gatekeeper, brimstone and marbled white.

There is no public access.

Chalkhill blue
The chalkhill blue (Lysandra coridon) is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is a small butterfly that can be found throughout the Palearctic realm, where it occurs primarily in grasslands rich in chalk. Males have a pale blue colour, while females are brown. Both have chequered fringes around their wings.
Thomas Point Shoal Light
The Thomas Point Shoal Light, also known as Thomas Point Shoal Light Station, is a historic lighthouse in the Chesapeake Bay on the east coast of the United States, and the most recognized lighthouse in Maryland. It is the only screw-pile lighthouse in the bay which stands at its original site. The current structure is a 1½ story hexagonal wooden cottage, equipped with a foghorn as well as the light.

Foghorn
A foghorn or fog signal is a device that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards such as rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. When visual navigation aids such as lighthouses are obscured, foghorns provide an audible warning of rock outcrops, shoals, headlands, or other dangers to shipping.
Kirill II of Kiev
Kirill II, Kyrylo II or Cyril II (Russian: Кирилл II; Ukrainian: Кирило, romanized: Kyrylo; died 6 December 1281) was the metropolitan of Kiev from 1242 until his death. He was close to the khan of the Golden Horde, Mengu-Timur.

Daniel of Galicia
Daniel Romanovich (1201–1264) was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264). He was the son of Roman Mstislavich of Volhynia and Anne-Euphrosyne, the daughter of Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos.

Under Daniel's long rule the Romanovichi branch of Rurikids restored control over Galicia, and the reunited principality rose to become a prominent power, eventually being elevated to the status of a kingdom. Daniel's rule managed to withstand the Mongol invasions, making him a defining personality in the latter period of the existence of Kievan Rus following the decline of Kyiv. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle praised Daniel as an exemplary ruler, brave warrior and wise statesman, whose qualities as a monarch made him second only to Solomon.