hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Recycling in the United States
There is no national law in the United States that mandates recycling. State and local governments often introduce their own recycling requirements. In 2014, the recycling/composting rate for municipal solid waste in the U.S. was 34.6%. A number of U.S. states, including California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, and Vermont have passed laws that establish deposits or refund values on beverage containers while other jurisdictions rely on recycling goals or landfill bans of recyclable materials. Recent data has shown that despite expanded recycling programs, the United States recycles only a small fraction of its plastic waste. A 2023 analysis found that less than 6% of post-consumer plastics were actually recycled, with the majority ending up in landfills or incineration facilities.

Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'
Mike Huckleberry
Michael "Huck" Huckleberry (born July 12, 1948) is a politician, restaurateur, and small business owner from Greenville, Michigan. In 2008, he was elected as a Democrat to the Michigan State House of Representatives. He represented the 70th House District, which includes all of Montcalm County and a portion of North-west Ionia County including the city of Ionia. In 2006 he unsuccessfully challenged incumbent Republican Congressman Dave Camp, who represents Michigan's 4th congressional district, located in central Michigan. In 2010 he was defeated by Rick Outman, 55%-43%.

Ionia County, Michigan
Ionia County (/aɪˈoʊnjə/ eye-OH-nyə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 66,804. The county seat is Ionia. The Ionia County Courthouse was designed by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect.

Ionia County is part of the Grand Rapids-Kentwood metropolitan statistical area.
Llanvihangel Crucorney
Llanvihangel Crucorney (Welsh: Llanfihangel Crucornau) is a small village in the community (parish) of Crucorney, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Abergavenny and 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Hereford, England on the A465 road.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Chan Siu Wing
Chan Siu Wing (Chinese: 陳兆榮), born April 26, 1993, is a Hong Kong professional basketball player.  He currently plays for the Eastern of the FIBA Asia Champions Cup, ASEAN Basketball League and the Hong Kong A1 Division Championship.

He represented Hong Kong basketball team at the 2015 FIBA Asia Championship in Changsha, China where he played most minutes for his team.

ASEAN Basketball League
The ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) was an international professional men's basketball league in Southeast Asia, composed of eight teams from Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), in addition to Hong Kong and Macau. Earlier teams have included Taiwan and Brunei. The league was proposed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and launched its inaugural season on 1 October 2009.
IPod advertising
Apple used a variety of advertising campaigns to promote its iPod portable digital media player. The campaigns include television commercials, print ads, posters in public places, and wrap advertising campaigns. These advertising techniques are unified by a distinctive, consistent style that differs from Apple's other ads.

Vehicle vinyl wrap
A vehicle vinyl wrap is the automotive aftermarket practice of completely or partially covering a vehicle's original paint with a vinyl wrap. Generally this vinyl wrap will be a different color or finish like a gloss, matte, chrome or clear protective layer.

The purpose may be for a color change, advertising or custom livery.

Vinyl wraps were first used for advertising, resulting in vehicle becoming essentially mobile billboards. The vinyl sheets can later be removed with relative ease, drastically reducing the costs associated with changing advertisements.
Geoffrey Acland
Arthur Geoffrey Dyke Acland (17 May 1908 – 14 September 1964), known as Geoffrey Acland, was a British Liberal Party politician.

Born near Hanover Square in London to Liberal Party MP Francis Dyke Acland and Eleanor Margaret Cropper, Geoffrey was the younger brother of Richard Acland, who later became a Common Wealth Party and Labour Party MP.  He studied at Rugby School, Trinity College, Cambridge, and the University of Grenoble.  During the Second World War, he served with the Border Regiment, rising to become a Captain.

After the war, Acland became joint managing director of Cropper's paper mills in Burneside, near Kendal, and he stood unsuccessfully for the Liberal Party in Westmorland at each election from 1945 to 1959.  From 1954 to 1956, he was the Chairman of the Liberal Party. Acland married Winifred Julian Dorothy Fothergill in 1932, and they were the parents of six children.

Common Wealth Party
The Common Wealth Party (CW) was a socialist political party in the United Kingdom with parliamentary representation in the  House of Commons from 1942 (the middle of the  Second World War) until 1946. Thereafter CW continued to function, essentially as a pressure group, until 1993.
2021 Tour of the Alps
The 2021 Tour of the Alps was the 44th edition of the Tour of the Alps road cycling stage race and the fifth edition since its renaming from the Giro del Trentino. It was held from 19 to 23 April 2021 in the Austrian state of Tyrol and in the Italian provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol, which all make up the Euroregion of Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino. The 2.Pro-category race was initially scheduled to be a part of the inaugural edition of the UCI ProSeries, but after the 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it made its UCI ProSeries debut in 2021, while also still being a part of the 2021 UCI Europe Tour.

Provinces of Italy
The provinces of Italy (Italian: province d'Italia) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, on an intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level".

There are currently 110 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 82 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 15 metropolitan cities, as well as the Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province).

Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions.
Jai Prakash Anchal
Jai Prakash Anchal is an Indian politician and a member of the Samajwadi Party from the state of Uttar Pradesh. Anchal is a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly representing the Bairia Vidhan Sabha constituency.

He lost his seat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Assembly election to Surendra Nath Singh of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The election to the 17th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly was held from 11 February to 8 March 2017 in 7 phases. This election saw a voter turnout of 61.11% compared to 59.40% in the previous election. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a landslide victory of 325 seats despite not projecting a chief ministerial candidate before the election. As part of its election strategy, BJP contested under a collective leadership and capitalised mostly on the political clout and 'brand' of its leader Narendra Modi.

On 18 March 2017, Yogi Adityanath was appointed as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Then Uttar Pradesh BJP chief Keshav Prasad Maurya and Dinesh Sharma were appointed as Deputy Chief Ministers.
Doppelganger (Arrow)
"Doppelganger" is the fifteenth episode of the sixth season, and 130th episode overall of The CW series Arrow. The episode sees the return of former main character Roy Harper (Colton Haynes). It also sees the return of Thea donning her Speedy suit since the ninth episode of the fifth season. The episode stars Stephen Amell (Oliver Queen) who is joined by fellow main cast members David Ramsey (John Diggle), Emily Bett Rickards (Felicity Smoak), Katie Cassidy (Laurel Lance), Paul Blackthorne (Quentin Lance), Willa Holland (Thea Queen), Echo Kellum (Curtis Holt) and Juliana Harkavy (Dinah Drake). Main cast member Rick Gonzalez (Rene Ramirez) is also credited but does not appear in this episode.

Emily Bett Rickards
Emily Bett Rickards (born July 24, 1991) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her role as Felicity Smoak on The CW series Arrow, her first television credit. She reprised the role in the Arrowverse shows The Flash, Legends of Tomorrow and Supergirl and voiced the character on the animated web series Vixen.
V.Flash
The V.Flash Home Edutainment System, also known as V.Smile Pro in Europe, is a seventh-generation educational home video game console and spinoff from the V.Smile series of video game consoles developed by VTech and Koto Laboratory. Unlike the V.Smile, this game console uses 3D graphics. This system is designed for kids aged 6 to 10.

Although critics praised the V.Flash for improving on the V.Smile's base, the console's sales lagged behind the former. VTech discontinued the V.Flash shortly after and shifted focus back to the V.Smile.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Kris Allen
Kristopher Neil Allen (born June 21, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, and the winner of the eighth season of American Idol.

Prior to Idol, he self-released a 2007 album, Brand New Shoes.

Allen's Idol coronation song, "No Boundaries" and his version of "Heartless" both charted within the Top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100. Allen's post-Idol self-titled album was released on November 17, 2009, by Jive Records. The album debuted at number 11 on the U.S. Billboard 200. The album's lead single, "Live Like We're Dying", was released on September 21, 2009, and peaked at number 18 in the U.S. with combined sales of over 1.7 million. Allen's second major-label album Thank You Camellia was released on May 22, 2012, and the lead single "The Vision of Love" was released March 26, 2012.

Allen released his fifth studio album, Letting You In, on March 18, 2016.

University of Central Arkansas
The University of Central Arkansas (Central Arkansas or UCA) is a public university in Conway, Arkansas, United States. Founded in 1907, the university is one of the oldest in the state. As the state's only normal school at the time, UCA has historically been the primary source of teachers in Arkansas.  It was one of about 180 "normal schools" founded by state governments to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools.

The university comprises five colleges, five residential colleges and one commuter college. UCA has about 10,000 graduate and undergraduate students, making it one of the largest universities in the state. The university maintains a student-to-faculty ratio of approximately 17 to 1. Over 150 undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs are offered at the university. UCA occupies over 120 buildings within its 356 acres (1.44 km2).
Güçlü, Yüksekova
Güçlü (Kurdish: Peylan, Syriac: Pā'ilan) is a neighborhood in Yüksekova in Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Dirî tribe and had a population of 807 in 2023.

Güçlü was a village until 2023.

Yüksekova District
Yüksekova District is a district in the Hakkâri Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city Yüksekova. Its area is 2,547 km2 and had a population of 121,969 people in 2023. It borders Iran to the east, and Kurdistan Region of Iraq to the south.
Zehaye Bahta
Tsahaye Bahta Tela (Tigrinya: ጸሃዬባህታ; c. 1932-?) was an Eritrean cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Bahta and his friend Mesfen Tesfaye were the first Eritrean natives to compete in the Olympic cycling competition. After his sporting career, he served with the Ethiopian National Defense Force, and later as a merchant.

Cycling at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's team road race
The men's team road race at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, was held on Friday 7 December 1956 as a part of the men's individual road race. The best three performances by nation were rewarded, with twenty teams competing.
Ortiz Mountains
The Ortiz Mountains are a mountain range in northern New Mexico, United States, in Santa Fe County, northeast of the Sandia Mountains and due north of the San Pedro Mountains.  The Ortiz include Placer Peak, the highest peak in the range at 8,858 feet, Lone Mountain at 7,310 feet, Cedar Mountain at 7,041 feet, Cerro Chato at 6,965 feet, and the foothills known as the Los Lomas de la Bolsa. New Mexico State Road 14 passes through the northwestern portion of the Ortiz Mountains between the towns of Golden and Madrid.

New Mexico State Road 14
New Mexico State Road 14 (NM 14) is an approximately 54-mile-long (87 km) state road located in northern New Mexico. The highway connects Albuquerque to Santa Fe and comprises most of the Turquoise Trail, a National Scenic Byway which also includes NM 536 (Sandia Crest Scenic Byway).
Middleboro Gazette
The Middleboro Gazette is a weekly newspaper founded in 1852.  Based in Middleborough, Massachusetts, its coverage area includes Lakeville, Middleboro, and occasionally Freetown as a result of Freetown and Lakeville sharing a regional school system.

The newspaper is produced weekly every Wednesday at the Standard-Times building in New Bedford, Mass and circulates on Thursdays.

Middleborough, Massachusetts
Middleborough is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 24,405 as of 2023. The census-designated place of Middleborough Center corresponds to the main village and commercial center of the town. It is the second largest municipality by land area in Massachusetts and nineteenth largest in New England. Middleborough proclaims itself to be the "Cranberry Capital of the World". Cranberry production remains a significant part of the local economy. In 2015, approximately 1,400 acres (570 ha) of the town were used to grow the crop, accounting for 3% of all land used to harvest cranberry bogs in the United States.
Organ of St. Martin's Church (Memmingen)
The organ of St. Martin is located in the Lutheran city parish church of St. Martin's Church, Memmingen, in the Upper Swabian town of Memmingen, Bavaria, Germany. The church itself is a three-aisled hall church begun around 1325 and completed around 1500. It serves as the main church of the Evangelical Lutheran Deanery of Memmingen. The building has housed an organ for over 500 years.

The present instrument was built in 1998 by Goll Orgelbau of Lucerne and is conceived in the tradition of the French symphonic organ of the late 19th century, particularly the style of Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. It is used regularly for services, concerts, masterclasses, and recordings.

Hall church
A hall church is a church with a nave and aisles of approximately equal height. In England, Flanders and the Netherlands, it is covered by parallel roofs, typically, one for each vessel, whereas in Germany there is often one single immense roof. The term was invented in the mid-19th century by Wilhelm Lübke, a pioneering German art historian. In contrast to an architectural basilica, where the nave is lit from above by the clerestory, a hall church is lit by the windows of the side walls typically spanning almost the full height of the interior.
2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The Serie B of the Brazilian Championship 2014 is a football competition held in Brazil, equivalent to the second division. It is contested by 20 clubs, between April 18 and November 28. The top four teams will be promoted to Série A in 2015 and the last four will be relegated to Série C in 2015.

The games had a break during the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which was held between June and July in Brazil.

2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (officially the Brasileirão Chevrolet 2015 for sponsorship reasons) was the 59th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top-level of professional football in Brazil. After winning twice in a row in the 2013 and 2014 seasons, Cruzeiro came in defending their title as the  Brazilian football champions. Corinthians won the title, their sixth overall and third since the introduction of the double round-robin in 2003.
Valane
Valane is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Vadgaon railway station
Vadgaon Station is a railway station of Pune Suburban Railway on the Mumbai–Chennai line.

Local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala and Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala stop here.

The few passenger trains to stop on this station are-

Pune–Karjat Passenger.

Mumbai–Sainagar Shirdi Fast Passenger.

Mumbai–Bijapur Fast Passenger. Station has two platforms and a foot overbridge.
Daniele Archibugi
Daniele Archibugi (born 17 July 1958 in Rome, Italy) is an Italian economic and political theorist. He works on the economics and policy of innovation and technological change, on the political theory of international relations and on political and technological globalisation.

Technological change
Technological change or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. Technological change includes the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization or release, research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of technologies (toward goals such as maximizing profit), and the diffusion of technologies throughout industry or society (which sometimes involves disruption and convergence).
Pavoraja mosaica
Pavoraja mosaica, commonly known as the mosaic skate, is a species of fish in the family Arhynchobatidae. It lives in depths ranging from 300 meters to 450 meters off the northeastern coast of Australia. It can reach up to 27.9 cm (11.0 in) in total length.

Pavoraja mosaica has only been studied from a few specimens; therefore, nothing is known about its population size or trends. Although it can be spotted in a bycatch, current levels of fishing in its range are unlikely to pose a significant threat.

Arhynchobatidae
Arhynchobatidae is a family of skates whose members are commonly known as the softnose skates. It belongs to the order Rajiformes in the superorder Batoidea of rays. At least 104 species have been described, in 13 genera. Softnose skates have at times been placed in the same family as hardnose skates, but most recent authors recognize them as a distinct family. Members of the Arhynchobatidae can be distinguished from hardnose skates in having a soft and flexible snout, as well as a more or less reduced rostrum.
Minister for the Arts (New South Wales)
The Minister for the Arts is a Minister of the Crown in the New South Wales Government who has responsibilities for the administration and support for the arts in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The portfolio was abolished in 2019 and merged into the portfolio of Minister for the Public Service and Employee Relations, Aboriginal Affairs, and the Arts; and reinstated in December 2021.

The minister administer the portfolio through Create NSW (formerly Arts NSW) within the Department of Creative Industries, Tourism, Hospitality and Sport, as well as a range of additional government agencies.

Ultimately, the minister is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.

Minister of the Crown
Minister of the Crown is a formal constitutional term used in Commonwealth realms to describe a minister of the reigning sovereign or viceroy. The term indicates that the minister serves at His Majesty's pleasure, and advises the sovereign or viceroy on how to exercise the Crown prerogatives relating to the minister's department or ministry.
George Minor
George Minor (December 7, 1845, Richmond, Virginia - January 30, 1904, Richmond, Virginia) was an American composer and naval officer. Minor attended a military academy in Richmond, and served during the American Civil War in the Confederate States Navy (CSN). After the war, he went into the music field, teaching at singing schools and conducting at musical conventions. He helped found the Hume-Minor Company, which made pianos and organs. A member of the First Baptist Church of Richmond, Minor was the Sunday school superintendent there.

Commander Minor succeeded Captain Duncan Ingraham as the CSN's Chief of Ordnance and Hydrography in November 1861 and he was succeeded in turn by Commander John Brooke in March 1863.

John Mercer Brooke
John Mercer Brooke (December 18, 1826 – December 14, 1906) was an American sailor, engineer, scientist, and educator. He was instrumental in the creation of the Transatlantic Cable, and was a noted marine and military innovator.