hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gula (surname)
Gula is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jiří Gula (born 1989), Czech ice-hockey player

Leonardo Gula (born 1914), Argentine boxer

Qamar Gula (1952–2022), Afghan singer

Sharbat Gula (born ca. 1972), Afghan woman who was the subject of a famous December 1984 photograph by journalist Steve McCurry that was on the cover of the June 1985 issue of National Geographic Magazine

Qamar Gula
Qamar Gula (Pashto: قمر ګله; Dari: قمر گل, Qamar Gul; 21 January 1952 – 9 December 2022) was an Afghan Canadian musician, who has been credited with being the second female Pashto language singer (after Rukhshana) to sing for the Radio Television Afghanistan. A veteran of Afghan music, she had a career that spanned nearly five decades.
2008–09 Regional Four Day Competition
The 2008–09 Regional Four Day Competition was the 43rd domestic first-class cricket tournament held in the West Indies, it took place from 9 January 2009 – 14 April 2009. Each team played the other twice, one played at home and the other away. Jamaica won the tournament after finishing top of the table with seven wins from their twelve matches. It was their 2nd tournament win in succession and their 9th overall.

Narsingh Deonarine of Guyana finished as the tournament's highest run-scorer, he made 1,068 runs at an average of 59.33, including two centuries and a highest score of 198. The leading wicket-taker in the competition was Ryan Austin of the Combined Campuses and Colleges, he took 60 wickets at an average of 24.06 with best innings figures of 6/123.

Guyana national cricket team
The Guyana national cricket team is the representative first class cricket team of Guyana. The side does not take part in any international competitions, but rather in inter-regional competitions in the Caribbean, such as the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50), and the best players may be selected for the West Indies team, which plays international cricket and is the only team in the Americas with Test status. Guyana has participated in the South American Cricket Championship for some editions, but were represented by an overage "masters" team. The team competes under the franchise name Guyana Harpy Eagles.

Prominent cricketers who have played for Guyana include Devendra Bishoo, Basil Butcher, Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Colin Croft, Roy Fredericks, Lance Gibbs, Roger Harper, Carl Hooper, Leon Johnson, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Clive Lloyd, Veerasammy Permaul and Ramnaresh Sarwan.
Aoba-ku, Yokohama
Aoba-ku (青葉区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 302,643 and a density of 8,610 persons per km2. The total area was 35.14 km2.

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
Sahira Sharif
Sahira Sharif (also spelled Saira Sharif) is an Afghan politician who was elected to represent Khost Province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of its National Legislature, in 2005.

A report on Khost prepared at the Navy Postgraduate School stated that she "was possibly associated with Hezb-e Islami". A member of the Pashtun ethnic group, she attended university and may have had a Master's degree.
As a member of parliament, she sat on the Education Committee. A former Hezb-e Islami leader, she presented herself in 2005 as an independent candidate, and was believed to support the Hamid Karzai administration.

She is described as a women's rights activist.

During the 2009 presidential election, she supported Ashraf Ghani. In the 2010 Afghan Parliamentary Elections, she ran in Khost province as an independent.
She is married to Sharif Zadran and has two sons and two daughters.
Sharif founded Mirman Baheer, a literary society that meets secretly across Afghanistan.

Naval Postgraduate School
Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is a Naval command with a graduate university mission, operated by the United States Navy and located in Monterey, California.

The NPS mission is to provide "defense-focused graduate education, including classified studies and interdisciplinary research, to advance the operational effectiveness, technological leadership and warfighting advantage of the Naval service."

It offers master's and doctoral degrees in more than 70 fields of study to the U.S. Armed Forces, Department of Defense civilians and international partners. Established in 1909, the school also offers research fellowship opportunities at the postdoctoral level through the National Academies' National Research Council research associateship program.
MATS/1.4 mine
The MATS/1.4 is a scatterable Italian circular, plastic-cased minimum metal blast-resistant anti-tank blast mine. It uses a pneumatic fuze which is resistant to shock and blast. The mine's plastic case is waterproof, and the mine can be scattered from a helicopter travelling at up to 200 km/h. The mine is normally tan-colored. The mine's main charge is relatively small, so when hand-emplaced the mine can be stacked, to increase its effect.

The mine is no longer in production.

Minimum metal mine
A minimum metal mine is a land mine that is designed to use the smallest amount of metal possible in its construction. Typically, the only metal components are located inside the fuze mechanism which triggers detonation. Both minimum metal anti-tank and anti-personnel mines exist. Some designs contain virtually no metal at all, e.g., less than a gram.
Belle Isle, Leeds
Belle Isle is a large suburb 3 miles (5 km) south of Leeds city centre, West Yorkshire, England. It is bounded to the north and east by the M621 motorway.

The district lies in the LS10 Leeds postcode area. Belle Isle is part of the Middleton Park ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds South parliamentary constituency.

LS postcode area
The LS postcode area, also known as the Leeds postcode area, is a group of 29 postcode districts in England, within six post towns. These cover northern West Yorkshire (including Leeds, Wetherby, Pudsey, Otley, Morley and Ilkley) and some parts of North Yorkshire (including Tadcaster).
Lagophthalmos
Lagophthalmos is an inability to close the eyes while sleeping.

Blinking covers the eye with a thin layer of tear fluid, thereby promoting a moist environment necessary for the cells of the exterior part of the eye. The tears also flush out foreign bodies and wash them away, which is crucial to maintain lubrication and proper eye health. If this process is impaired, as in lagophthalmos, the eye can suffer abrasions and infections; thus leading to corneal drying and ulceration.

Corneal ulcer
Corneal ulcer, often resulting from keratitis is an inflammatory or, more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma. It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics and in farming. In developing countries, children afflicted by vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes persisting throughout life. In ophthalmology, a corneal ulcer usually refers to having an infection, while the term corneal abrasion refers more to a scratch injury.
Junior Pauga
Fetalaiga Junior Pauga (born 3 February 1996) is a Samoa international rugby league footballer who plays for the Sydney Roosters as a winger.

He previously played for the Wests Tigers in the National Rugby League (NRL) as a centre.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.
Robert Ng'ambi
Robert Ng'ambi (born 11 September 1986) is a retired  Malawian footballer, who played most of his career for South African clubs  Black Leopards and Platinum Stars. As  a midfielder, he earned 66 caps with the Malawi national team.

He announced his retirement in October 2020, opting not to renew his contract deciding with Black Leopards, to allow more playing time for the youngsters.

COSAFA U-17 Youth Championship
The COSAFA U-17 Youth Championship, also known as the COSAFA U-17 Men's Championship, is an international youth football championship organised by COSAFA for the men's under-17 national teams of Southern Africa.

South Africa and Zambia are the most successful teams in this competition, having won four titles each. Amajimbos are the current champions.
Swindon Supermarine F.C.
Swindon Supermarine Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in South Marston, Swindon, England. The club plays in the Southern League Division One South and is affiliated to the Wiltshire Football Association. The club plays at the Webbswood Stadium on the northern edge of South Marston, north-east of Swindon.

Wiltshire Premier Shield
The Wiltshire Premier Shield is a single county cup competition involving English football clubs based in the county of Wiltshire.

The current competition format operates with a two-leg semi-final and a single match final during the latter stages of the league season.

The most successful team in the competition's history is Swindon Town who have won the shield 27 times. Swindon Town are the only Wiltshire representative in the Football League and have often used the Wiltshire Shield to field their youths, reserves and players who are returning from injury.

The competition consists of the highest placed clubs in Wiltshire from professional to Step 5.
Cheatle
Cheatle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandra Cheatle (born 1994), British singer-songwriter known by her stage name Zyra (singer)

Alfred Edward Cheatle (1841–1941), British architect

Arthur Henry Cheatle (1866–1929), British surgeon

Duncan Cheatle, British businessman

George Lenthal Cheatle (1865–1951), British surgeon

Giles Cheatle (1953–2024), English cricketer

Kimberly Cheatle (born 1970/1971), American former director of the United States Secret Service

Lauren Cheatle (born 1998), Australian cricketer and daughter of Giles

Syd Cheatle (1936–2018), Irish architect and writer

Duncan Cheatle
Duncan Cheatle is an entrepreneur and supporter of UK enterprise. He has founded and co-founded multiple enterprise support initiatives, including The Supper Club, a London-based membership club for fast-growth entrepreneurs; Startup Britain, a privately sector funded, not-for-profit national campaign to 'celebrate, inspire, and accelerate enterprise in the UK'; and LearnAmp, a learning platform that aggregates and curates learning content from across the web.
2015 Negeri Sembilan Matrix season
The 2015 season was Negeri Sembilan's 92nd year in their history and 4th season in Malaysia Premier League since it was first introduced in 2004. Also it was the second season in the Malaysia Premier League following relegation on 2013 season. Along with the league, the club also participated in the Malaysia FA Cup and the Malaysia Cup.

Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium
The Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium (STAR, Malay: Stadium Tuanku Abdul Rahman), also known by its informal name Stadium Paroi or Paroi Stadium and sobriquet The STAR of Paroi, is a multi-purpose stadium in Paroi, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is currently used mostly for football matches. Inaugurated on 23 April 1992, the stadium initially held a capacity of 20,000 people. The capacity has been upgraded to 45,000 people for the 2004 Sukma Games, effectively making it the largest stadium in Peninsular Malaysia's southern region, and third largest nationwide. It is currently home to the Malaysia Super League club Negeri Sembilan FC. The stadium is named in honour of Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad, the eighth Yang di-Pertuan Besar of  Negeri Sembilan and the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.

During the third round of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification, Syria national football team played two of its home matches at the stadium, due to the Syrian Civil War.
Church of Nossa Senhora da Anunciação
The Church of Nossa Senhora da Anunciação (Portuguese: Igreja Paroquial de Mértola/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Assunção/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Anunciação) is a 12th-century church and former mosque in the civil parish of Mértola in the municipality of Mértola, in the Portuguese Alentejo.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Mountain Rimu Timber Company
The Mountain Rimu Timber Company owned and operated a bush tramway near Mamaku, south of the Kaimai Range near Rotorua in the Bay of Plenty Region of the North Island of New Zealand. The tramway, with a track gauge of 3+1⁄2 feet (1,067 mm), was used from approximately 1898, to at least 1935.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Aviastar-TU Flight 1906
Aviastar-TU Flight 1906 was a Tupolev Tu-204 that crashed while attempting to land at Domodedovo International Airport, Moscow, Russia, in heavy fog on 22 March 2010. The aircraft was on a ferry flight from Hurghada International Airport, Egypt to Moscow, and had no passengers on board; all eight crew survived the accident, four with serious injuries requiring hospitalization and four with minor injuries. The accident was the first hull loss of a Tu-204 and the first hull loss for Aviastar-TU.

Investigators determined the cause of the accident to be failure of the autopilot system and poor cockpit crew performance.

Fog
Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals held in the air  near the Earth's surface. Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog affects many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare.

Fog appears when water vapor (water in its gaseous form) condenses. During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to make tiny water droplets that hang in the air. Sea fog, which shows up near bodies of saline water, is formed as water vapor condenses on bits of salt. Fog is similar to, but less transparent than, mist.
2007 Galway Senior Hurling Championship
The 2007 Galway Senior Hurling Championship was the 110th completed staging of the Galway Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Galway County Board in 1887.

Loughrea entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 21 October 2007 at Pearse Stadium in Galway, between Portumna and Kinvara, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Portumna won the match by 6–12 to 0–11 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Pearse Stadium
Pearse Stadium (Irish: Páirc an Phiarsaigh) is the principal GAA stadium in Galway, Ireland. The Galway GAA Gaelic football and hurling teams use the stadium for their home games. The stadium, amongst others in the province of Connacht, is also used for games in the Connacht Senior Football Championship
Online portfolio selection
Online portfolio selection (OPS) 



is an algorithm-based

trading strategy that seeks to optimise investment returns.
It was first implemented in 2012 by Bin Li and Bin Hoi at Wuhan University
(with the universal portfolio algorithm as predecessor).
OPS is contrasted with more traditional approaches to portfolio optimization: 

while mean-variance optimization seeks to balance risk and return, OPS specifically aims to maximize cumulative wealth, drawing on the Kelly approach to maximizing long-term expected value. 
Here, OPS sequentially allocates capital among a group of assets, employing, as appropriate, one of several portfolio selection strategies:

Follow the leader

Follow the loser

Fuzzy approach

Risk assessment

Follow either winner or loser

Pattern recognition based

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
2015 Crescent Cup
The 2015 Crescent Cup or the 2015 Islamic Nations Rugby Championship was the first edition of the expanded annual Muslim nation teams Crescent Cup. The tournament was held in Malacca, Malaysia from 6 to 14 June 2015, sanctioned by World Rugby and co-organised with the Malaysia Rugby Union under the auspices of the Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation.

Five teams took part in the competition: Algeria, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Malaysia and Uzbekistan. Iran, normally the sixth team, withdrew from the tournament.
Malaysia won the Championship, becoming the first team to win the tournament beating Algeria in the controversial final match, which was abandoned after a savage all-in brawl involving players, officials and spectators.

Uzbekistan national rugby union team
The Uzbekistan national rugby union team is a member of World Rugby and has yet to play in a Rugby World Cup tournament. The Uzbekistan Rugby Federation was established in 2001 and became a full member of World Rugby in 2014.
John P. Irish
John Powell Irish (1843–1923) was a leader of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa, a landowner in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California, a fiery and influential public speaker, and an opponent of prejudice against Japanese, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, women's suffrage  and labor unions. He was, according to U.S. Interior Secretary Franklin K. Lane, "a fiery orator of the denunciatory type." He was reckoned as "a leader among editorial writers" of his generation.

Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States
Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States has existed since the late 19th century, especially during the Yellow Peril, which had also extended to other Asian immigrants.

Anti-Japanese sentiment against American citizens of Japanese descent in the United States would peak during World War II, when the Empire of Japan became involved in the Pacific War theater. After the war, the rise of Japan as a major economic power in the 1970s was seen as a widespread economic threat to the United States and also led to a renewal of anti-Japanese sentiment, known as Japan bashing.
Listed buildings in Hightown, Merseyside
Hightown is a civil parish and a village between Formby and Crosby in Sefton, Merseyside, England.  It contains four buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are listed at Grade II.  This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".

Hightown was developed as a village to house commuters following the arrival of the railway in the mid 19th century.  Three of the listed buildings pre-date this, and consist of a renovated wayside cross, a farmhouse, and a house that originated as a farmhouse, and the other is a war memorial.

Crosby, Merseyside
Crosby is a coastal town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, England. it is north of Bootle, south of Southport and Formby, and west of Netherton. It abuts the areas of Blundellsands to the north and Waterloo to the south. It is approximately 6 
miles (9.6 km) north of Liverpool.
Youth Emergency Shelter
The YES Shelter For Youth and Families, formerly known as the Youth Emergency Shelter (YES), is located in the city of Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. It is a homeless shelter that provides three meals a day to clients and offers food boxes to those in need.

After over 40 years of planning, YES opened its doors on 20 December 2002. The official opening of the shelter occurred in February 2003 and was attended by both local and federal politicians including the Honourable Jane Stewart. While YES is a shelter for homeless youth and families, it is also an umbrella organization for other programs concerning this group of at-risk youth.

Jane Stewart (politician)
Jane Stewart, PC (born April 25, 1955) is a Canadian politician who was the Minister of Human Resources Development from 1999 to 2003. She joined International Labour Organization in May 2004 and was the Special Representative and Director of the International Labour Organization's office to the United Nations until January 2016.