hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhode Island Supreme Court
The Rhode Island Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the U.S. State of Rhode Island. The Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices, all selected by the Governor of Rhode Island from candidates vetted by the Judicial Nominating Commission. Each justice enjoys lifetime tenure and no mandatory retirement age, similar to Federal judges. Justices may be removed only if impeached for improper conduct by a vote of the Rhode Island House of Representatives and convicted by trial in the Rhode Island Senate.

Rhode Island House of Representatives
41°49′52″N 71°25′02″W﻿ / ﻿41.8310574°N 71.4171443°W﻿ / 41.8310574; -71.4171443

The Rhode Island House of Representatives is the lower house of the Rhode Island General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, the upper house being the Rhode Island Senate. It is composed of 75 members, elected to two-year terms from 75 districts of equal population. The Rhode Island General Assembly does not have term limits. The House meets at the Rhode Island State Capitol in Providence.
Lingdingyang
22°24′55″N 113°43′47″E﻿ / ﻿22.41528°N 113.72972°E﻿ / 22.41528; 113.72972Lingdingyang (Chinese: 伶仃洋; lit. 'Lonely Ocean') or Lingding Channel is the middle channel of the Pearl River estuary which runs from Humen to Jiuzhouyang. Humen separates Lingdingyang and Shiziyang, the upper channel of the Pearl River Estuary, in the north and Jiuzhouyang, the lower channel of the Pearl River Estuary at the eastern tip of Taipa, from the western tip of Lantau all the way to the southern end of the Wanshan Archipelago. Currently, Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (HZMB), a bridge and tunnel across Lingdingyang with the Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge, crosses the channel.

Shenzhen–Zhongshan Link
The Shenzhen–Zhongshan Link is a bridge–tunnel which connects two major cities on the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China: the city of Shenzhen on the eastern side of the PRD, and the city of Zhongshan on the western side. It consists of a series of bridges and tunnels (Shenzhen–Zhongshan Tunnel, Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge and Zhongshan Bridge), starting from Bao'an International Airport on the Shenzhen side.

The 49.7 km eight-lane link was expected to cost around US$4.83 billion at the time of its proposal. It is located about 27 km downriver from the Humen Bridge, previously the only bridge crossing of the estuary, and some 32 km north of the new Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge, which links the cities of Hong Kong, Zhuhai, and Macau at the southern end of the PRD. Construction started in May 2017 and opened on 30 June 2024.
Bolesław Leśmian
Bolesław Leśmian (né Lesman; 22 January 1877 – 5 November 1937) was a Polish poet, artist, and member of the Polish Academy of Literature, one of the first poets to introduce Symbolism and Expressionism to Polish verse.

Though largely a marginal figure in his lifetime, Leśmian is now considered one of Poland's greatest poets. He is, however, little known outside Poland, mostly on account of his neologism-rich idiosyncratic style, dubbed "almost untranslatable" by Czesław Miłosz and "the ultimate and overwhelming proof for the untranslatability of poetry" by noted Polish Shakespearean translator, Stanisław Barańczak.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Diesel Loco Shed, Siliguri
The Diesel Loco Shed, Siliguri is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair work for diesel locomotives of the Indian Railways. Located at the Siliguri Junction (SGUJ) in Siliguri, West Bengal, it is one of the three diesel loco sheds under Northeast Frontier Railway zone.

Motive power depot
A motive power depot (MPD) or locomotive depot, or traction maintenance depot (TMD), is where  locomotives are usually housed, repaired and maintained. They were originally known as "running sheds", "engine sheds" or just "sheds". Facilities are provided for refuelling and the replenishing of water, lubricating oil and grease and, for steam engines, the disposal of ash. There are often workshops for day-to-day repairs and maintenance, but locomotive building and major overhauls are usually carried out at locomotive works. (Note: In American English, the term depot is used to refer to passenger stations or goods (freight) facilities, not to vehicle maintenance facilities.)
Chou Huey-ying
Chou Huey-ying (Chinese: 周慧瑛; pinyin: Zhōu Huìyīng; born 20 January 1955) is a Taiwanese politician who served on the Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council from 1989 to 1999, when she took a seat on the Legislative Yuan, representing Taipei County, until 2002. She studied foreign languages at Tunghai University.

Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council
24°03′16″N 120°41′48″E﻿ / ﻿24.054416045198°N 120.696749312406°E﻿ / 24.054416045198; 120.696749312406

The Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council (TPCC) was the council of the streamlined Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. In July 2018, all duties of the Taiwan Provincial Government and TPCC were transferred to the National Development Council and other ministries of the Executive Yuan.
Orinoco goose
The Orinoco goose (Neochen jubata) is a Near Threatened species of waterfowl in the tribe Tadornini of subfamily Anserinae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile, French Guiana, Suriname, and Uruguay.

Anserinae
The Anserinae are a subfamily in the waterfowl family Anatidae and includes the swan and geese. Under alternative systematical concepts (see e.g., Terres & NAS, 1991), it is split into two subfamilies. The Anserinae contains geese and ducks, while the Cygninae contains the swans.
AiScaler
aiScaler Ltd. is a multinational software company founded in 2008. It develops application delivery controllers designed to allow dynamic web pages to scale content by intelligently caching frequently requested content. A number of websites in the Alexa top 1,000 use aiScaler to manage their traffic.

aiScaler software can be deployed either on public cloud computing platforms such as Amazon Web Services or private virtual environments. aiScaler software is considered an edge device as it proxies traffic, augmenting or replacing content delivery networks endpoints.

Edge device
In computer networking, an edge device is a device that provides an entry point into enterprise or service provider core networks. Examples include routers, routing switches, integrated access devices (IADs), multiplexers, and a variety of metropolitan area network (MAN) and wide area network (WAN) access devices.  Edge devices also provide connections into carrier and service provider networks. An edge device that connects a local area network to a high speed switch or backbone (such as an ATM switch) may be called an edge concentrator.
Second Battle of Fort Fisher
The Second Battle of Fort Fisher was a successful assault by the Union Army, Navy and Marine Corps against Fort Fisher, south of Wilmington, North Carolina, near the end of the American Civil War in January 1865. Sometimes referred to as the "Gibraltar of the South" and the last major coastal stronghold of the Confederacy, Fort Fisher had tremendous strategic value during the war, providing a port for blockade runners supplying the Army of Northern Virginia.

Fort Fisher
Fort Fisher was a Confederate fort during the American Civil War. It protected the vital trading routes of the port at Wilmington, North Carolina, from 1861 until its capture by the Union in 1865. The fort was located on one of Cape Fear River's two outlets to the Atlantic Ocean on what was then known as Federal Point or Confederate Point and today is known as Pleasure Island. The strength of Fort Fisher led to its being called the Southern Gibraltar and the "Malakoff Tower of the South". The battle of Fort Fisher was the most decisive battle of the Civil War fought in North Carolina.
Robert McMurry
Robert D. McMurry Jr. is a retired United States Air Force Lieutenant General who is now an executive vice president at Dayton Aerospace and a member of its board of directors. In the U.S. Air Force, he last served as the Commander of the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center. Prior to that, he was the Commander of the Air Force Research Laboratory.

McMurry earned a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1984. He later received an M.S. degree in control and systems engineering from the University of West Florida in 1993, an M.A. degree in national security and strategic studies from the College of Naval Command and Staff at the Naval War College in 1998 and an M.S. degree in strategic studies from the Air War College in 2002.

Naval War College
The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. The NWC educates and develops leaders, supports defining the future Navy and associated roles and missions, supports combat readiness, and strengthens global maritime partnerships.

The Naval War College is one of the senior service colleges including the Army War College, the Marine Corps War College, and the USAF Air War College.  Additionally, the U.S. Department of Defense operates the National War College.
2025 Cambridgeshire train stabbing
On 1 November 2025, a mass stabbing occurred aboard a London North Eastern Railway (LNER) train in England that had departed from Doncaster and was heading for London King's Cross. A man boarded the train at Peterborough railway station in Cambridgeshire at approximately 19:30 GMT, before attacking passengers indiscriminately.

Within fourteen minutes of the train leaving Peterborough and within five minutes of the first call to emergency services, the train made an unscheduled stop at Huntingdon railway station. It was met at 19:44 by armed police who arrested two men, one of whom was released the following day without charge. Ten people were taken to hospital, nine of whom were believed to have life-threatening injuries.

The next day, the police ruled out a terrorist motive, and said that the attacker had acted alone. He was charged with eleven counts of attempted murder, one of which related to an incident at a London station on the morning of the same day.

Police firearm use by country
The use of firearms by police forces varies widely across the world, in part due to differences in gun use policy, civilian firearm laws, and recording of police activity. Some police forces may require that officers use warning shots or verbal warnings before employing deadly force, and others may prohibit officers from carrying firearms while performing tasks such as highway patrol where gun use is not expected.
John Ousterhout
John Kenneth Ousterhout (/ˈoʊstərhaʊt/, born October 15, 1954) is an American computer scientist. He is a professor of computer science at Stanford University. He founded Electric Cloud with John Graham-Cumming.

Ousterhout was previously a professor of computer science at University of California, Berkeley, where he created the Tcl scripting language and the Tk platform-independent widget toolkit, and proposed the idea of coscheduling. Ousterhout led the research group that designed the experimental Sprite operating system and the first log-structured file system.
Ousterhout also led the team that developed the Magic VLSI computer-aided design (CAD) program.

Widget toolkit
A widget toolkit, widget library, GUI toolkit, GUI framework, UI framework, or UX library is a library or a collection of libraries containing a set of graphical control elements (called widgets) used to construct the graphical user interface (GUI) of programs.

Most widget toolkits additionally include their own rendering engine. This engine can be specific to a certain operating system or windowing system or contain back-ends to interface with multiple ones and also with rendering APIs such as OpenGL, OpenVG, or EGL.
The look and feel of the graphical control elements can be hard-coded or decoupled, allowing the graphical control elements to be themed/skinned.
Sir William Hickman, 2nd Baronet
Sir William Hickman. 2nd Baronet DL (8 January 1629 – 10 February 1682) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1682.

Hickman was the son of Sir Willoughby Hickman, 1st Baronet and his wife Bridget Thornhaugh, daughter of Sir John Thornhaugh of Fenton, Nottinghamshire. He inherited the baronetcy on the death of his father in 1649.

In 1660, Hickman was elected Member of Parliament for East Retford in the Convention Parliament. He was re-elected MP for East Retford for the Cavalier Parliament in 1661 and held his seat through successive parliaments until his death in 1682. He was a Commissioner of the Ordnance from 1679 to his death.

Hickman died in 1682 at the age of 53. He had married Elizabeth Neville, daughter of John Nevile of Mattersey Priory, Nottinghamshire. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by their son Willoughby.

East Retford (UK Parliament constituency)
East Retford was a parliamentary constituency in Nottinghamshire, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons for the first time in 1316, and continuously from 1571 until 1885, when the constituency was abolished. Although East Retford was technically a parliamentary borough for the whole of its existence, in 1830 its franchise had been widened and its boundaries had been extended to include the whole Wapentake of Bassetlaw as a remedy for corruption among the voters, and from that point onward it resembled a county constituency in most respects.
1938 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1938 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, New York. The tournament was scheduled to be held from Thursday September 8 until Saturday September 17 but was prolonged until Saturday September 24 due to poor weather caused by the 1938 New England hurricane. It was the 58th staging of the U.S. National Championships and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

American Don Budge won the men's singles title and became the first tennis player to win the Grand Slam i.e. winning all four Major tennis tournaments (Australian Championships, French Championships, Wimbledon Championships, and U.S. National Championships) in a single calendar year. Budge also won the doubles and mixed doubles title.

Gene Mako
Constantine "Gene" Mako (Hungarian: Makó Jenő [ˈmɒkoː ˈjɛnøː]; January 24, 1916 – June 14, 2013) was an American tennis player and art gallery owner. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. He won four Grand Slam doubles titles in the 1930s. Mako was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1973.
Divine apathy
Divine apathy, in Christian theology, refers to the belief that God is impassible, meaning He is not subject to suffering, pain, or the influence of human emotions and passions. This concept is rooted in the idea that God, as a perfect being, is beyond the reach of earthly experiences and emotional changes that characterize human life. It derives from classical theism, which portrays God as immutable, eternal, and transcendent. It is distinguished from apatheia in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which refers to a state of being free from passions and desires, a concept more focused on human spiritual development.

Apatheia
In Stoic philosophy, apatheia (Ancient Greek: ἀπάθεια; from  a- 'without' and  pathos 'suffering, passion') refers to a state of mind in which one is not disturbed by the passions. It might better be translated by the word equanimity than the word indifference. The meaning of the word apatheia is quite different from that of the modern English apathy, which has a distinctly negative connotation that includes feelings of inertness, indifference, and impassiveness. According to the Stoics, apatheia was the quality that characterized the sage.
Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan
Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan (Urdu: فرخ فتح علی خان) (25 December 1952 – 9 September 2003) was a Pakistani musician, who played the harmonium in Qawwali music. He was a member of the well-known family of Qawwali musicians, the Qawwal Bacchon ka gharana (Delhi gharana). He was the younger brother of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, the son of Fateh Ali Khan, the nephew of Mubarak Ali Khan, and the father of Rahat Fateh Ali Khan.

Delhi gharana
The Delhi or Dilli Gharana, is a tabla traditional playing style, "regarded by many as the fountainhead of all the tabla gharanas" and known for being the first and oldest gharana playing style of tabla. It also is one of the six most common styles of playing of the Hindustani tabla.

This tradition was founded by Sidhar Khan Dhadi in the early 18th century. The tradition is regarded for establishing a distinction from pakhawaj repertoire, do ungliyon ka baaj (two-finger style), and contributing improvisation conventions like peshkar and qayada. Heirs of this gharana went on to establish other traditions like Punjab gharana, Lucknow gharana, Ajrada gharana, Farukhabad gharana and Benares gharana.
Anstruther Wester (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Anstruther Wester in Fife was a royal burgh, created in 1587, that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Anstruther Wester, Anstruther Easter, Crail, Kilrenny and Pittenweem formed the Anstruther Easter district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Convention of the Estates of Scotland
The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially, it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Convention of Estates differed from Parliament in that it could be summoned by the King for the limited purpose of raising taxation, but could not pass other legislation.

Like its predecessor General Council it played an important role in political and legislative affairs in Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

During the Glorious Revolution in Scotland, the Scottish Privy Council asked the King of England, William of Orange, to summon the Convention of Estates of 1689 to determine the throne of Scotland.  It offered it to William and Mary, adopting the Articles of Grievances and Claim of Right Act 1689, and transformed itself into a full parliament.
Candy Lane
Candy Michele Lane QSM is a New Zealand dancer, choreographer and television presenter. She co-presented TVNZ's Dancing With The Stars with Jason Gunn, and also choreographed New Zealand's Got Talent, The Singing Bee, and Stars in Their Eyes. Most recently she was the Head Judge of the 2015 series of Dancing With the Stars. In August 2021, it was announced that she would feature in the 2021 Season of 
Celebrity Treasure Island 2021.

She relocated to Australia in 2022 to be closer to her family.

New Zealand's Got Talent
New Zealand's Got Talent is a New Zealand reality television show which premiered in 2008. The show was based on the Got Talent series. The show featured singers, dancers, magicians, comedians and other variety performers of all ages competing for a top prize of $100,000 cash and a Toyota RAV4 car. Three judges appear on the show each week to provide feedback for the contestants.

The show originally screened on Prime for one series before being dropped. TV One later revived the show, with series produced in 2012 and 2013.

The original line-up on Prime included Andrew Mulligan and Jason Reeves as hosts, with Miriama Smith, Paul Ellis and Richard Driver as judges. After the show was revived in 2012, the show was presented by Tāmati Coffey, with Ali Campbell, Rachel Hunter, and Jason Kerrison on the judging panel. Choreographer Cris Judd replaced Campbell for the show's 2013 series.
Lisa Newman-Morris
Lisa Newman-Morris (previously Tayler, born 1971) was one of Australia’s most successful international trampoline gymnasts, becoming World Champion at the 1990 World Trampoline Championships in Essen, Germany in Double-Mini Trampoline, following a silver medal two years prior in the same event at the 1988 World Championships in Birmingham USA.

Newman-Morris was part of the World Champion Women's Double-Mini team at the 1988 World Championships in Birmingham, USA.  Newman-Morris held Australian National titles in 1987, 1989 – 1991, Pan Pacific titles from 1987 – 1991 and she won over 40 Victorian State titles over the period of 1984 – 1991.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
Guillaume Carlier
Guillaume Carlier is a French mathematician. Most of his work lies in the field of calculus of variation and optimization. He is a professor of applied mathematics at Paris Dauphine University and a researcher at Mokaplan, a joint INRIA-CNRS-Université Paris-Dauphine team dedicated to research in the field of optimal transport.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Reignier-Esery
Reignier-Esery (French pronunciation: [ʁɛɲe ezʁi]; before 2008: Reignier) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It belongs to the cross-border agglomeration of the "Grand Genève".

Haute-Savoie
Haute-Savoie (French pronunciation: [ot savwa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Savouè d'Amont; Italian: Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva; to the south and southeast are Mont Blanc and the Aravis mountain range.

It holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2019, it had a population of 826,094. Its subprefectures are Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix in 1924.