hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kari Blom
Kari Blom (6 September 1934 – 15 November 2012) was a Norwegian educationalist.

She started her career as a schoolteacher, and took a master's degree in history.

She was employed as a lecturer at the Bergen Teachers' College in 1981, advancing to associate professor in 1989. In 1994, Bergen Teachers' College was merged with five other educational institutions to form the Bergen University College, where Blom served as the first rector until 2000.

In 2004 she published the book Norsk barndom gjennom 150 år – en innføring, a textbook in the history of childhood in Norway. Around the same time, Ørnulf Hodne also released Barndom i Norge gjennom tusen år, a history of childhood of the last millennium.

History of childhood
The history of childhood has been a topic of interest in social history since the highly influential book Centuries of Childhood, published by French historian Philippe Ariès in 1960. He argued "childhood" as a concept was created by modern society. Ariès studied paintings, gravestones, furniture, and school records.  He found before the 17th-century, children were represented as mini-adults.

Other scholars have emphasized how medieval and early modern child rearing was not indifferent, negligent, nor brutal. The historian Stephen Wilson argues that in the context of pre-industrial poverty and high infant mortality (with a third or more of the babies dying), actual child-rearing practices represented appropriate behavior in the circumstances. He points to extensive parental care during sickness, and to grief at death, sacrifices by parents to maximize child welfare, and a wide cult of childhood in religious practice.
Sisab
Sisab (Persian: سيساب, also Romanized as Sīsāb) is a village in Garmkhan Rural District, Garmkhan District, Bojnord County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 572, in 142 families.

North Khorasan province
North Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان شمالی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country. Its capital is the city of Bojnord.

North Khorasan is one of the three provinces created after the division of Khorasan in 2004. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5.
Headsville, West Virginia
Headsville is an unincorporated community in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States. It is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. It lies between U.S. Route 50 and West Virginia Route 46 alongside Pattersons Creek.

Fort Cocke of the French and Indian War was located near Headsville.

West Virginia Route 46
West Virginia Route 46 is an east–west state highway split into two segments in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States. The western terminus of the western segment is at West Virginia Route 42 in Elk Garden. The eastern terminus is at the Maryland state line north of Beryl, where WV 46 crosses the Potomac River and intersects Maryland Route 135 on the north bank.

The western terminus of the eastern segment is at the Maryland state line in Piedmont, where WV 46 continues into Maryland as Maryland Route 36. The eastern terminus is at West Virginia Route 28 in Fort Ashby.

The two segments are connected by a two-mile (3 km) portion of MD 135 and MD 36 in Maryland's Allegany County.
Sol (river)
The Sol (Russian: Соль) is a river in Perm Krai and Komi Republic, Russia, a left tributary of the Chyornaya, which in turn is a tributary of the Veslyana. The river is 23 kilometres (14 mi) long. 
The source of the river is in the northeastern portion of the Koygorodsky District of the Komi Republic, 199 metres (653 ft) above sea level. Its mouth is west of the settlement of Chernorechensky, 164 metres (538 ft) above sea level.

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Sung-mi
Sung-mi, also spelled Seong-mi or Song-mi, is a Korean given name.

People with the name include:

Hong Sung-mi (born 1986), stage name Dana (South Korean singer)

Michelle Wie (Korean name Wie Seong-mi, born 1989), American golfer of Korean descent

Yun Song-mi (born 1992), North Korean football defender

Fictional characters with the name include:

Ji Seong-mi, character played by Im Seo-yeon in 2009 South Korean television series Three Brothers

Ma Seong-mi, character played by Kim Min-hee in 2012 South Korean television series I Do, I Do

Sungmi, character played by Naomi Ko in 2014 American satirical drama film Dear White People

I Do, I Do (TV series)
I Do, I Do (Korean: 아이두 아이두; RR: Aidu aidu) is a 2012 South Korean romantic comedy television series starring Kim Sun-a, Lee Jang-woo, Park Gun-hyung, and Im Soo-hyang. It is about a successful shoe designer in her late 30s whose career is sidetracked when she accidentally becomes pregnant.

The series aired on MBC from May 30 to July 19, 2012 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.
Brochiloricaria chauliodon
Brochiloricaria chauliodon, the orchid leather neck whiptail, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armored catfishes. This catfish is found in South America where it occurs in the Uruguay River in Brazil and the Río de la Plata basin in Argentina. It may also occur in Uruguay. It feeds on benthic molluscs, mostly native species, but is also known to feed on the invasive golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei). This species grows to a maximum length of 28.2 cm (11.1 in).

Uruguay River
The Uruguay River (Spanish: Río Uruguay [ˈri.o wɾuˈɣwaj]; Portuguese: Rio Uruguai [ˈʁi.u uɾuˈɡwaj]) is a major river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of the Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano and Colonia in Uruguay.
Maurice Isserman
Maurice Isserman (born 1951) is an American historian who is Professor of History at Hamilton College.  He has written about the Communist Party USA during the Popular Front period of the 1930s and 1940s, as well as the emergence of the New Left and the 1960s. He co-authored a biography with Dorothy Ray Healey and authored a biography of Michael Harrington, both of whom were co-founders of Democratic Socialists of America.   He has contributed editorials and book reviews to The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Newsday, the Los Angeles Times, The Nation, and The American Alpine Review. In 2008, he began writing about mountaineering.

Popular front
A popular front is any coalition of working-class and/or middle-class entities, including liberal and social democratic ones, united for a purpose. Generally, it is "a coalition especially of leftist political parties against a common opponent". The phrase uses "front" in the sense of a political movement "linking divergent elements to achieve common objectives".

The term was first used in the mid-1930s in Europe by communists concerned over the rapid growth of fascist movements in Italy and Germany, which they sought to combat by coalescing with non-communist political groupings they had previously attacked as enemies. Temporarily successful popular front governments were formed in France, Spain, and Chile in 1936.

The name has also been used by other alliances such as the Popular Front of India. In the late years of the Soviet Union, the popular fronts created actually played a key role in ending Communist Party rule in the Soviet republics. (see § Soviet republics)
White Hall Plantation House Ruins and Oak Avenue
White Hall Plantation House Ruins and Oak Avenue is a historic plantation site located near Ridgeland, Jasper County, South Carolina.  The site consists of the ruins of a brick house with tabby wings and twin tabby flanking outbuildings; a tabby retaining wall; and a massive double avenue of oaks planted in the late-18th or early-19th century. The plantation house was built between 1771 and 1776, then enlarged between 1786 and 1791. The house at White Hall burned about 1870 and was not renovated or occupied afterward.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Ridgeland, South Carolina
Ridgeland is a town in and the county seat of Jasper County, South Carolina, United States. The town incorporation limits extend into Beaufort County up to the Broad River. The population was 3,749 at the 2020 census, all of which resided in Jasper County. Ridgeland is included in the Hilton Head Island metropolitan area.

Ridgeland was originally known as "Gopher Hill" in 1894, derived from the gopher tortoise, which is indigenous to the area. The name was not considered good enough for a new railroad station, so it was changed to "Ridgeland" in 1902 by the station ticket master, Frederick Henry Ingram, for the fact that the town stands on a sandy ridge that is some of the highest land in Jasper County. Ridgeland is home to the Ridgeland Correctional Institution, a medium-security prison operated by the South Carolina Department of Corrections.
Jafry Ariffin
Jafry bin Ariffin (born 26 October 1963) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the State Minister of Tourism, Culture and Environment of Sabah in the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state administration under Chief Minister Hajiji Noor since December 2025 and from October 2020 to his removal from the position in January 2023 as well as Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sukau since September 2020. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation of Sabah (Sabah UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional of Sabah (Sabah BN) coalition. He has served as the State Deputy Chairman of Sabah BN since January 2026 and State Chairman of Sabah UMNO since December 2025. In addition, he is also the Acting Division Chief of UMNO of Kinabatangan.

Gabungan Rakyat Sabah
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS; English: Sabah People's Coalition) is a Malaysian coalition of Sabah-based parties. It was established in 2020 and then registered in 2022 by former United Alliance of Sabah (GBS) and United Borneo Alliance (UBA) component parties operating solely in Sabah inspired by the formula of Sarawak-based coalition, Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS). Gabungan Rakyat Sabah gained significant popularity among Sabahans with a regionalist political outlook.
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1955–1958
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Council between 1955 and 1958. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1952 triennial election with terms expiring in 1958, while the other half were elected at the 1955 triennial election with terms expiring in 1961.

1  On 15 January 1956, Herbert Ludbrook, Liberal MLC for Ballarat Province, died. Liberal candidate Pat Dickie won the resulting by-election on 3 March 1956.

2  On 17 May 1957, William MacAulay, Country MLC for Gippsland Province, died. Country candidate Bob May won the resulting by-election on 29 June 1957.

Pat Dickie
Vance Oakley "Pat" Dickie (29 August 1918 – 16 May 2012) was an Australian politician of the state of Victoria, who held the Victorian Legislative Council seat of the Province of Ballarat from 1956 to 1978.
Bjørn Stenersen
Bjørn Stenersen (9 February 1970 – 16 September 1998) was a Norwegian professional racing cyclist.

He won the Norwegian National Road Race Championship in 1990. He also competed in two events at the 1992 Summer Olympics, placing eleventh in the team time trial.

He was the brother of Karsten Stenersen.

Norwegian National Road Race Championships
The Norwegian National Road Race Championships, have been held annually with an event for each category of rider; Men, Women, junior riders & under 23 riders, since 1946. The event also includes the Norwegian National Time Trial Championships and the Norwegian National Criterium Championships.

The winners of each event are awarded with a symbolic cycling jersey featuring the Norwegian flag on the chest, which can be worn by the rider at other road racing events in the country to show their status as national champion. The champion's stripes can be combined into a sponsored rider's team kit design for this purpose.
Mírzá Asadu'llah Fádil Mázandarání
Mírzá Asadu'lláh Fádil Mázandarání (1881–1957) was a prominent Baháʼí scholar in Iran. He travelled to Iraq, India and North America at the request of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi (the second and third leaders of the Baháʼí Faith), to spread the Baháʼí teachings.

He had three sons, two from first marriage and one from second marriage.

Baháʼí teachings
The teachings of the Baháʼí Faith are derived from the writings of Baháʼu'lláh, its founder. A corpus of Baháʼí literature include books and writings of the Báb and Baháʼu'lláh, along with the public talks and writings of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, the founder's son. A central tenet of the Baháʼí Faith is the unity of the world's major religions (Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam) as part of a single plan overseen by one God. The teachings also address theological subjects including the oneness of God, humanity and religion, as well as aspects of human life such as the harmony of science and religion, elimination of extreme wealth and poverty, universal compulsory education, and the equality of all people equality, regardless of gender, race, nationality, colour, or social class.
2012 Petit Le Mans
The 15th Annual Petit Le Mans was an endurance auto race held at the Road Atlanta circuit in Braselton, Georgia on October 20, 2012. The race served as the final round of both the American Le Mans Series and European Le Mans Series seasons.

Nicolas Prost, Neel Jani, and Andrea Belicchi of Rebellion Racing won the event by a three lap margin after qualifying on pole position in only the team's second attempt at the race. Level 5 Motorsports's two cars finished in second and third overall and lead the P2 category, while TDS Racing led home the European Le Mans Series contingent with fourth place overall.  CORE Autosport won the PC category by two laps over RSR Racing. In GT, Extreme Speed Motorsports led the class for Ferrari over Corvette Racing, while IMSA Performance Matmut was the sole survivor in the GTE Am category. NGT Motorsport dominated the GTC class with five laps over TRG who held second and third place.

Extreme Speed Motorsports
Extreme Speed Motorsports (ESM) was an American auto racing team based out of Riviera Beach, Florida. Founded by Scott Sharp and Patrón CEO Ed Brown, the team competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship, Tudor United SportsCar Championship, and American Le Mans Series since 2010 until 2018 when the team sold its equipment and race cars and shut down following an exhaustive sponsor search after the withdrawal of Patrón.
Angelica Park Circle Historic District
Angelica Park Circle Historic District is a national historic district in Angelica, Allegany County, New York, United States. The 90 acres (36 ha) district encompasses 97 buildings, including the octagonal village green, the county fairgrounds, and the Old Allegany County Courthouse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Village green
A village green is a common open area within a village or other settlement. Historically, a village green was common grassland with a pond for watering cattle and other animals, often at the edge of a rural settlement, used for gathering cattle to bring them later on to a common land for grazing. Later, planned greens were built into the centres of villages.

The village green also provided, and may still provide, an open-air meeting place for the local people, which may be used for public celebrations, such as May Day festivities. The term is used more broadly to encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, buildings, roads and urban parks.
In dulci jubilo
"In dulci jubilo" (Latin for "In sweet rejoicing") is a traditional Christmas carol. In its original setting, the carol is a macaronic text of German and Latin dating from the Middle Ages. Subsequent translations into English, such as J. M. Neale's arrangement "Good Christian Men, Rejoice" have increased its popularity, and Robert Pearsall's 1837 macaronic translation is a mainstay of the Christmas Nine Lessons and Carols repertoire. J. S. Bach's chorale prelude based on the tune (BWV 729) is also a traditional postlude for Christmas services.

Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (German: [ˈbax ˌvɛʁkə fɐˈtsaɪçnɪs], lit. 'Bach Works Catalogue'; BWV) is a catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990 and the third edition in 2022.

The catalogue groups compositions by genre. Even within a genre, compositions are not necessarily collated chronologically. 
In part this reflects the fact that some compositions cannot be dated. However, an approximate or precise date can be assigned to others: for example, BWV 992 was composed many years before BWV 1.
Willi Burgard
Wilhelm Johann Burgard (14 March 1927 – 23 October 2000) was a German athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1952 Summer Olympics, representing Saar.

Burgard won the British AAA Championships title in the triple jump event at the British 1952 AAA Championships.

Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump
The men's triple jump at the 1952 Olympic Games took place on 23 July at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. Thirty-five athletes from 23 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. Brazilian athlete Adhemar da Silva won the gold medal, breaking the world record twice. It was Brazil's first medal and first victory in the men's long jump. All three of the nations represented on the podium were relatively new to the event in the Olympics; Brazil had sent triple jumpers in 1948 (including da Silva), but the Soviet Union (Leonid Shcherbakov's silver) and Venezuela (Asnoldo Devonish's bronze) each won medals in their first appearance.
Civilian casualties of strategic bombing
Strategic bombing is the use of airpower to destroy industrial and economic infrastructure—such as factories, oil refineries, railroads, or power stations—rather than just directly targeting military bases, supply depots, or enemy combatants. Strategic bombing may also include the intent to dehouse, demoralize, or inflict civilian casualties, and thus hinders them from supporting the enemy's war effort. The bombing can be utilized by strategic bombers or missiles, and may use general-purpose bombs, guided bombs, incendiary devices, chemical weapons, biological weapons, or nuclear weapons.

This article is currently not comprehensive, but lists strategic bombing of cities and towns, and human death tolls starting from before World War II.

Supply depot
Supply depots are a type of military installation used by militaries to store battlefield supplies temporarily on or near the front lines until they can be distributed to military units. Supply depots are responsible for nearly all other types of materiel, except ammunition.

Supply depots are usually run by a logistics officer who is responsible for allocating supplies as necessary to units who request them.

Due to their vulnerability, supply depots are often the targets of enemy raids. In more modern times, depots have been targeted by long range artillery, long-range missiles, and bomber aircraft, due to the advantage that disrupted logistics can give to a belligerent force.

Types of supply depots include base, station, forward, and reserve supply depots.
Joseph Dacre
Joseph Dacre JP (6 November 1825 – 8 November 1868) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman.

The son of Joseph Dacre senior, who was a judge in British India, Dacre was born in British India at Chittor. He was educated in England at Rugby School, before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he made three appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University Cricket Club. He played once in 1845 against Cambridge Town and County Club and twice in 1846, against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Parker's Piece and Lord's. He scored 46 runs in these matches with a highest score of 17, in addition to taking a single wicket.

A student of Lincoln's Inn, Dacre was called to the bar in 1854. In later life he was a justice of the peace for Cumberland and in 1862 he was the mayor of Carlisle. Dacre died in November 1868 at Coton Hill, Staffordshire, two days after his 43rd birthday.

Chittorgarh
Chittorgarh (Hindi pronunciation: [t͡ʃɪt̪ːɔːɽ.gəɽʱ] ⓘ; also Chitror or Chittor or Chittaurgarh) is a major city in the state of Rajasthan in western India. It lies on the Berach River, a tributary of the Banas, and is the administrative headquarters of Chittorgarh District. It was a major stronghold of the Rajput State of Medapata (modern Mewar). The city of Chittorgarh is located on the banks of river Gambhiri and Berach.

Chittorgarh is home to the Chittor Fort, one of the largest forts in India and Asia. It was sacked thrice; first in 1303 by Alauddin Khalji, again in 1535 by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, and lastly by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1568. Chittor has been a land of worship for Meera. It is also known for Panna Dai and Rani Padmini.
Ibrahim Jalo
Ibrahim Jalo Waziri COS CFR (17 December 1926 – 12 November 1984) was a teacher, administrator, traditional leader and politician from North Nigeria who was twice elected as the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria from 14 November 1960 to 1963 and 1963 until the 1966 Military coup in January.

During the time of independence, he was representing Gombe Central. Prior to that he served as the Deputy from 1959 to 1960. During the 1979 election, he was the Bauchi State South East Senatorial District senator serving from 1979 to 1983 and was the Majority Leader during his second term as a senator. He was the chieftains title of 'Wazrin' Gombe till his death.

Northern Region, Nigeria
Northern Nigeria (or Arewancin Nijeriya) was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962, it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, which voted to become a province within Northern Nigeria.

In 1967, Northern Nigeria was divided into the North-Eastern State, North-Western State, Kano State, Kaduna State, Kwara State, and the Benue-Plateau State, each with its own Governor.