hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Béni Ourtilane District
Béni Ourtilane (or At Wartiran as it is called by its native Kabyle inhabitants) is a district of the Sétif Province in the Petite Kabylie region of Algeria. It is named after its district capital Beni Ouartilene. It is located in the north-western part of the Sétif Province near the border with Béjaïa and Bordj Bou Arreridj. It was originally part of the Sétif Province when Algeria got its independence in 1962 but it became part of the Béjaïa Province in 1975. However, in 1985 it returned to become a part of the Sétif Province.

Kabyle people
The Kabyle people (/kəˈbaɪl/, Kabyle: Izwawen or Leqbayel or Iqbayliyen, pronounced [iqβæjlijən], Arabic: القبائل, romanized: al-qabā'il) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, 160 kilometres (100 mi) east of Algiers. They represent the largest Berber population of Algeria and the second largest in North Africa.

Many of the Kabyles have emigrated from Algeria, influenced by factors such as the Algerian Civil War, cultural repression by the central Algerian government, and overall industrial decline. Their diaspora has resulted in Kabyle people living in numerous countries. Large populations of Kabyle people settled in France and, to a lesser extent, Canada (mainly Québec) and United States.

The Kabyle people speak Kabyle, a Berber language. Since the Berber Spring of 1980, they have been at the forefront of the fight for the official recognition of Berber languages in Algeria.
Bielczyny
Bielczyny [bjɛlˈt͡ʂɨnɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chełmża, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is located in Chełmno Land within the historic region of Pomerania.

Toruń County
Toruń County (Polish: powiat toruński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Toruń, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only town in Toruń County is Chełmża, which lies nineteen kilometers (twelve miles) north of Toruń.

The county covers an area of 1,229.71 square kilometres (474.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 107,641, out of which the population of Chełmża is 14,503  and the rural population is 93,138.
2013 Valdostan regional election
The Valdostan regional election of 2013 confirmed the incumbent autonomist centre-right coalition government, led by the Valdostan Union which retained its absolute majority in the Regional Council of Aosta Valley. The coalition lost 14% percentage points compared to 2008 to the Autonomist centre-left coalition, however.

Majority
A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority.

A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality (or relative majority in British English), which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half the set. See the "Related terms" section below for details.
Downer (surname)
Downer is an English and Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alec Downer (1910–1981), Australian politician and diplomat

Alexander Downer (born 1951), Australian politician

Alfred Wallace Downer (1904–1994), Canadian politician

Billy Downer (born 1956), South African deputy director

George Downer (1839–1916), Australian lawyer and businessman

Hunt Downer (born 1946), American politician

John Downer (1843–1915), Australian Premier and lawyer

Naleya Downer (born 1980), Jamaican sprinter

Sidney Downer (1909–1969), Australian journalist and sports writer

Wally Downer (1904–1994), Canadian politician

Downer family some members of the notable South Australian family

Naleya Downer
Naleya Downer (born 27 January 1980) is a retired female track and field sprinter from Jamaica, who competed in the 400 metres and the 400 metres hurdles during her career. Her personal best time in the women's 400 metres is 52.61, set on 4 May 2002 in Austin, Texas. She won a silver medal in the women's 4x400 metres relay at the 2003 Pan American Games, alongside Michelle Burgher, Novlene Williams, and Allison Beckford.

She ran track for the University of Texas at Austin.
Anyama, Ivory Coast
Anyama is a city in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is a suburb of Abidjan and is one of four sub-prefectures of Abidjan Autonomous District. Anyama is also a commune. The city is located about 20 kilometres north of Abidjan.

Villages in the sub-prefecture include Akoupé-Zeudji, Attinguié, and M'Bonoua.

Abidjan Department
Abidjan Department (French: Département d'Abidjan, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿abidʒɑ̃]) is a department of Ivory Coast. It is the sole department in Abidjan Autonomous District, which is coextensive with the department.
Wheal Prosper
Wheal Prosper was a tin mine in Cornwall, England, a short distance from the hamlet of Rinsey and about 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Porthleven. The ruined engine house remains, overlooking Mount's Bay near Rinsey Head. The site is a Scheduled Monument, and the engine house is a Grade II listed building.

Porthleven
Porthleven (/ˌpɔːθˈlɛvən/; Cornish: Porthlynn) is a town, civil parish and fishing port in Cornwall, England. The most southerly port in Great Britain, it was a harbour of refuge when this part of the Cornish coastline was infamous for wrecks in the days of sail. The South West Coast Path from Somerset to Dorset passes through the town. At the 2021 census, the population of the parish was 3,117.
Airtight Bridge
The Airtight Bridge is a steel bridge spanning the Embarras River in Coles County, Illinois, in the United States 8 miles (13 km) north of Charleston, Illinois. The bridge is a Pratt through truss bridge  with a steel structure, a wooden deck, and concrete piers. The bridge was built in 1914 by the Decatur Bridge Company and designed by engineer Claude L. James. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.  It reportedly got its name from the unnatural stillness encountered when crossing it.

In 1980, a dismembered corpse was found on the east bank of the river 30 yards downstream from the bridge, leading to significant local press attention.  Police investigated for years, but were unable to determine the identity of the victim until 1992, when DNA testing produced a match to a missing person from Kankakee, Illinois. Once a cold case investigated by the Illinois State Police, the victim's husband was charged with the murder on March 2, 2017.

Deck (bridge)
A deck is the surface of a bridge.  A structural element of its superstructure, it may be constructed of concrete, steel, open grating, or wood. Sometimes the deck is covered by a railroad bed and track, asphalt concrete, or other form of pavement for ease of vehicle crossing. A concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge structure (T-beam or double tee structure) or it may be supported with I-beams or steel girders.

When a bridge deck is installed in a through truss, it is sometimes called a floor system. A suspended bridge deck will be suspended from the main structural elements on a suspension or arch bridge. On some bridges, such as a tied-arch or a cable-stayed, the deck is a primary structural element, carrying tension or compression to support the span.

A deck bridge is one in which the deck itself is the main structural element, itself carrying the roadway.  Contrast to a truss bridge which may carry a deck on the top chords or bottom chords of a structural truss.
Florian Narcissot
Florian Narcissot (born 20 May 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Club Franciscain in the Martinique Championnat National and internationally for Martinique.

He made his debut for Martinique in 2017, in a 2-1 defeat to Barbados on 27 March 2017. He was in the Martinique Gold Cup squad for the 2017  tournament.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa Oro CONCACAF) is an association football  competition organized by CONCACAF as its premier continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held every two years with its inaugural edition in 1991. It is the direct successor competition of the CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989).

So far, three national teams have won the tournament: Mexico (10 times), the United States (7), and Canada (1). All of them are member associations of the North American Football Union (NAFU).
Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptian culture is full of rich traditions and practices revolving around human interactions with wildlife. Wildlife in ancient Egypt used to be very different compared to the wildlife currently present in Egypt for several factors and variables. Animals such as elephants, rhinoceros, and hippopotami used to live in different parts of Egypt, however these animals do not exist in Egypt today. Animals were very much appreciated and important in Egyptian history; even some deities were represented as animals; as Hathor the goddess of fertility, love and beauty was represented as a cow.

Wildlife of Egypt
The wildlife of Egypt is composed of the flora and fauna of this country in North Africa and West Asia, and is substantial and varied. Apart from the fertile Nile Valley, which bisects the country from south to north, the majority of Egypt's landscape is desert, with a few scattered oases. It has long coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea. Each geographic region has a diversity of plants and animals each adapted to its own particular habitat.
Edgar U. Startt
Edgar U. Startt (April 1, 1919 – October 30, 2006) was an American politician and sheriff from Maryland. He served as sheriff of Cecil County from 1958 to 1966. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Cecil County from 1971 to 1974.

Elkton, Maryland
Elkton is a town in and the county seat of Cecil County, Maryland, United States. The population was 15,776 at the 2020 census, up from 15,443 in 2010. It was formerly called Head of Elk because it sits at the head of navigation on the Elk River, one of the five tributary rivers that flow into the north of the Chesapeake Bay, east of the Susquehanna River and North East River, and north of the Bohemia River, and Sassafras River. 
The town constitutes part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

Elkton was once known as the Gretna Green of the East of the US because of its popularity as a place for eloping couples to marry.
The Witchery
The Witchery (also known as the Witchery by the Castle) is a restaurant on the Royal Mile, Edinburgh, adjacent to the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle. The restaurant was founded in 1979. The name comes from the history of witch burnings in 16th and 17th century Scotland, many of which took place on the nearby Castlehill.

In 1989, the restaurant expanded southward into a new space, the Secret Garden, more than doubling capacity. Since then, the restaurant has added nine luxury hotel suites across two historic listed properties, and operates a nearby shop selling high-end Scottish goods such as tweed, cashmere and whisky.

Tweed
Tweed is a rough, woollen fabric, of a soft, open, flexible texture, resembling cheviot or homespun, but more closely woven. It is usually woven with a plain weave, twill or herringbone structure. Colour effects in the yarn may be obtained by mixing dyed wool before it is spun.

Tweeds are a staple of traditional Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and English clothing, being desirable for informal outerwear, due to the material being moisture-resistant and durable. Tweeds are made to withstand harsh climates and are commonly worn for outdoor activities such as shooting and hunting. In Ireland, tweed manufacturing is now most associated with County Donegal but originally covered the whole country. In Scotland, tweed manufacturing is most associated with the Isle of Harris in the Hebrides.
Pierre Valde
Pierre Valde, real name Pierre Duchemin, (25 November 1907 – 26 February 1977) was a French stage actor and theatre director. He was a dramaturge at the Théâtre de l'Atelier managed by Charles Dullin from 1933 to 1937 then established his own company, the Théâtre du Temps which was awarded the first prize of young companies for Œdipe by Georges Sonnier.

Dramaturge
A dramaturge or dramaturg (from Ancient Greek δραματουργός – dramatourgós) is a literary adviser or editor in a theatre, opera, or film company who researches, selects, adapts, edits, and interprets scripts, libretti, texts, and printed programmes (or helps others with these tasks), consults authors, and does public relations work. Its modern-day function was originated by the innovations of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, an 18th-century German playwright, philosopher, and theatre theorist.
Phonological history of Old English
The phonological system of the Old English language underwent many changes during the period of its existence. These included a number of vowel shifts, and the palatalisation of velar consonants in many positions.

For historical developments prior to the Old English period, see Proto-Germanic language.

Vowel shift
A vowel shift is a systematic sound change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language.

The best-known example in the English language is the Great Vowel Shift, which began in the 15th century. The Greek language also underwent a vowel shift near the beginning of the Common Era, which included iotacism. Among the Semitic languages, the Canaanite languages underwent a shift in which Proto-Semitic *ā became ō in Proto-Canaanite (a language likely very similar to Biblical Hebrew).

A vowel shift can involve a merger of two previously different sounds, or it can be a chain shift.
Kamal el-Din Hussein
Kamal El-Din Hussein (Arabic: كمال الدين حسين‎; 2 January 1921 – 19 June 1999) was a member of the Egyptian Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk. He served as the 3rd vice president of Egypt from 1961 to 1964.

Farouk of Egypt
Farouk I (/fəˈruːk/; Arabic: فاروق الأول, romanized: Fārūq al-Awwal; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936 and reigning until his overthrow in a military coup in 1952.

His full title was "His Majesty Farouk I, by the grace of God, King of Egypt and the Sudan". As king, Farouk was known for his extravagant playboy lifestyle. While initially popular, his reputation eroded due to the corruption and incompetence of his government. He was overthrown in the 1952 coup d'état and forced to abdicate in favour of his infant son, Ahmed Fuad, who succeeded him as Fuad II. Farouk died in exile in Italy in 1965.

His sister, Princess Fawzia bint Fuad, was the first wife and consort of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Steve Torrealba
Steven Alexander Torrealba [tor-ray-AHL-bah] (born February 24, 1978, in Barquisimeto, Venezuela) is a former Major League Baseball catcher. He is a right-handed batter who played in the majors for the Atlanta Braves (2001–2002). Torrealba's father, Pablo Torrealba, also pitched for the Braves, along with the Athletics and White Sox from 1975 to 1979.

Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto is the capital city of Lara and seat of the Iribarren Municipality in Venezuela. Barquisimeto is located in the Central-Western Region. The city is an important urban, industrial, commercial, musical, and transportational center in the country, recognized as the fourth-largest city by population after Caracas, Maracaibo, and Valencia. Barquisimeto is sometimes referred to as the "Music City of Venezuela" due to the large number of musical institutions there. Gustavo Dudamel, the director of the Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, was born in the city.
Edmundo Arias
Edmundo Dante Arias Valencia was a Colombian musician, songwriter, and bandleader.
Arias composed more than 300 songs, and recorded for various Colombian record labels including Discos Fuentes, Zeida, Ondina, and Sonolux.
He is considered one of the "big three" composers of Colombian tropical music of the 1950s and 60s, alongside Lucho Bermúdez and Pacho Galán.

Tropical music
Tropical music (Spanish: música tropical) is a term in the Latin music industry that refers to music genres deriving from or influenced by the Spanish-speaking areas of the Caribbean. It includes the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and the Caribbean coastal regions of Colombia, Mexico, Central America and Venezuela.

In the 1940s and 1950s, the term tropical music was created to cover all music from the hispanophone Caribbean excluding Cuban music, which had its own category and niche within the American (and to a lesser extent European) music market. However, later in the 20th century after the Cuban Revolution, tropical music gained a broader meaning and began to be used in order to distinguish Caribbean genres such as cumbia and son cubano from inland genres such as tejano and norteño.
Wharf Street Shop, Maryborough
Wharf Street Shop is a heritage-listed shop at 134 Wharf Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1869. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Fraser Coast Region
The Fraser Coast Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia, about 250 kilometres (160 mi) north of Brisbane, the state capital. It is centred on the twin cities of Hervey Bay and Maryborough and also contains K'gari. It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Cities of Maryborough and Hervey Bay and the Shires of Woocoo and most of Tiaro.

The resident population at the 2021 census was 111,032 and the estimated population in 2023 was 117,940.

The 2024–2025 budget of the Fraser Coast Regional Council is $477 million.
Ali Abunimah
Ali Hasan Abunimah (Arabic: علي حسن أبو نعمة, Arabic: [ˈʕali ˈħasan abuˈnɪʕme]; born December 29, 1971) is a Palestinian-American journalist who advocates a one-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. A resident of Chicago who contributes regularly to publications such as the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times, he has served as the vice-president on the board of directors of the Arab American Action Network, is a fellow at the Palestine Center, and is the executive director and a co-founder of The Electronic Intifada website. He has appeared on many television discussion programs on CNN, MSNBC, PBS, and other networks, and in a number of documentaries about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, including Collecting Stories from Exile: Chicago Palestinians Remember 1948 (1999). In 2014, he published The Battle for Justice in Palestine, which won the Palestine Book Award General Prize.

Palestine Center
The Palestine Center (previously called the Center for Policy Analysis on Palestine until 2002) is an independent educational program based in Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C. Their focus is on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and other Middle Eastern issues.
Tanchangya language
The Tanchangya language is one of the eleven indigenous languages spoken in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Mizoram, Tripura, and Rakhine State. Despite the common belief that it is a Tibeto-Burman language, it is categorized as a Indo-Aryan language. It is closely related to Chakma and Chittagonian. It is primarily spoken by the Tanchangyas people.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.
Xiasi, Kaili City
Xiasi (Chinese: 下司镇; pinyin: xià sī zhèn) is a town of Kaili city, Guizhou province, China.The town was established in 1931, it has a total area of 154 square kilometres. The population was 35 thousand (2010 census), Miao and Mulao are native ethnic minorities. As a former administrative division of Majiang, Xiasi was changed to Kaili on September 25, 2014.

Located in the southwest of Kaili city, Xiasi is a commercial port situated in the upper reaches of the Qingshui river, the tributary of Wu river. Xiasi is famous for that it is the source place of Xiasi Dogs. There are many breeding sites for purebred Xiasi dog. It is also famous for the Canoe Slalom Training Base. The 2010 Asian Canoe Slalom Championships was held here in May 2010.

Wu River (Yangtze tributary)
The Wu River (Chinese: 乌江; pinyin: Wū Jiāng) is the longest southern tributary of the Yangtze River. Nearly its entire length of 1,150 kilometres (710 mi) runs within the isolated, mountainous and ethnically diverse province of Guizhou. The river takes drainage from a 80,300-square-kilometre (31,000 mi2) watershed.

The river flows through the Liupanshui, Anshun, Guiyang (the capital), Qiannan, and Zunyi Districts of Guizhou. All nine regions of the province have at least partial drainage to the river.
Solmania
Solmania (ソルマニア, Sorumania) is a Japanese noise music project, founded in 1984 by Masahiko Ohno (大野雅彦). He was later joined by Katsumi Sugahara (菅原克己) (ex Outo), who first appears on Trembling Tongues (1995). Ohno is known for making his own experimental electric guitars out of spare parts and using them in his live performances and recordings; the guitars usually take an extremely bizarre form, utilizing unconventional body shapes, extra necks, strings and pickups in unusual places, and various extraneous gadgets such as microphones. Ohno has built 9 guitars as of 2026. Most of their instruments are multi-neck guitars and harp guitars.

Masahiko Ohno also works as a graphic designer, and has worked on almost all the releases on Alchemy Records and Hören.

Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/maɪk/), or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in telecommunication, sound recording, broadcasting, and consumer electronics, including telephones, hearing aids, and mobile devices.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.