hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duffield Castle, Derbyshire
Duffield Castle was a Norman Castle in Duffield, Derbyshire. The site is a scheduled monument.

It was on a rocky promontory facing the river, easily defended, though it is debatable whether it was inhabited in prehistoric times. It is also controversial whether the Romans maintained a military presence to protect the ford, nearby, across which the convoys of lead from Lutudarum (possibly Wirksworth) joined Rykneld Street at Derventio (now part of Derby), en route for the North Sea ports.

However, remains that appear to be of Anglo-Saxon origin have been found, suggesting occupation by persons of some position, possibly a Saxon Thane of the name of Siward, or his relatives. Considerable amounts of Roman or Romano-British pottery have also been found, including roof tiles of Roman pattern. Some of the artefacts that were discovered were lodged with the Derby Museum, while others were kept in the Parish Room; many have disappeared.

Derby Museum and Art Gallery
Derby Museum and Art Gallery is a museum and art gallery in Derby, England. It was established in 1879, along with Derby Central Library, in a new building designed by Richard Knill Freeman and given to Derby by Michael Thomas Bass. The collection includes a gallery displaying many paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby; there is also a large display of Royal Crown Derby and other porcelain from Derby and the surrounding area. Further displays include archaeology, natural history, geology, military collections and world cultures. The Art Gallery was opened in 1882.
The Second Stage Turbine Blade
The Second Stage Turbine Blade is the debut studio album by American progressive rock band Coheed and Cambria. It was originally released on March 5, 2002 through Equal Vision Records. It is their first album and part one of a tetralogy, telling the story of The Amory Wars. It was re-released on September 20, 2005, and included three previously unreleased bonus tracks.

Tetralogy
A tetralogy (from Greek τετρα- tetra-, "four" and -λογία -logia, "discourse") is a compound work that is made up of four distinct works. The name comes from the Attic theater, in which a tetralogy was a group of three tragedies followed by a satyr play, all by one author, to be played in one sitting at the Dionysia as part of a competition.
Selevenj heath
Selevenj heath or Selevenjske pustare is a Pannonian heath type reserve in the Kanjiža and Subotica municipalities in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia. The reserve with an area of 6.77 km2 has never been urbanised and is protected as a special nature reserve. It consists of areas criss-crossed with orchards, fields and vineyards and is primarily used for botanical conservation.

Pannonian Basin
The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large, mainly lowland area in southeastern Central Europe, briefly described as a sedimentary basin. Under the geopolitically changed conditions created by World War I and the ensuing Treaty of Trianon, the geomorphological term Pannonian Plain was also used for roughly the same region, referring to the lowlands in the area occupied by the Pannonian Sea during the Pliocene. However, Hungarian geographers consider the term "Pannonian Plain" not only unhistorical but also topographically highly erroneous. Regarding the name as such, they are arguing in terms of ancient history, namely that the northern and eastern boundary line of the namesake Roman province of Pannonia was formed by the River Danube, thus the Great Hungarian Plain was not  part of the original Pannonia province.
Gryting, King of Orkdal
Gryting was, according to the Heimskringla, a king of Orkdal in the period leading up to Harald Fairhair's unification of Norway. He was the first leader in Trøndelag to make a stand against King Harald's ravaging of the country. At the Battle of Orkdal Gryting's men were defeated and Gryting taken prisoner. After this Gryting swore allegiance to king Harald.

Orkdalen
Orkdalen (English: the Orkla Valley) is a valley and a traditional Norwegian district in Trøndelag county, Norway. In the early Viking Age, before King Harald Fairhair, the Orkla Valley was also a petty kingdom.

The valley begins in the high Dovrefjell mountains and creates a deep, narrow valley. As the river progresses, the valley widens and flattens out. From Rennebu northwards, the valley is fairly heavily populated with good farmland. At the mouth of the river (the north end of the valley) is the town of Orkanger, the largest population centre in the valley.

The district encompasses Rennebu Municipality and Orkland Municipality, both of which surround the Orkla River in the valley. Oppdal Municipality and Skaun Municipality are often traditionally counted as a parts of the district also even though they lie outside the actual valley of the river Orkla. The river itself actually begins in Oppdal Municipality and then winds its way north to the Trondheimsfjord.
Meadow Spring Historic District
The Meadow Spring Historic District encompasses a predominantly residential area north and west of the traditional center of Fayetteville, Arkansas.  It covers an area of 22.5 acres (9.1 ha), and about 11 city blocks, roughly bounded by NW, School, Locust & Church Avenues. between W Dickson and W Mountain Streets.  This area was developed beginning in 1870 (after the railroad arrived in the town) and features mainly single-family residences on large level lots.  It contains a variety of well preserved housing from the late-19th to the mid-20th century, with both high-style and vernacular forms.  Although there are a number of fine Queen Anne Victorians, the predominant styles are those of the early 20th century: Craftsman and a variety of Colonial, Tudor, and other revival styles.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil) is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 93,949 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 103,134 in 2024, making it the second-most populous city in Arkansas and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, within the Ozarks. It is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

Fayetteville was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many settlers had come, and was incorporated on November 3, 1836. It is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship university.  When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus change up the pace of the city. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games.
Fifth force
In physics, a fifth force is a hypothetical fundamental interaction (also known as fundamental force) beyond the four known interactions in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces. 
Some speculative theories have proposed a fifth force to explain various anomalous observations that do not fit existing theories. The specific characteristics of a putative fifth force depend on which hypothesis is being advanced. No evidence to support these models has been found.

The term is also used as "the Fifth force" when referring to a specific theory advanced by Ephraim Fischbach in 1971 to explain experimental deviations in the theory of gravity. Later analysis failed to reproduce those deviations.

Weak interaction
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation. It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms: The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood by electroweak theory (EWT).

The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton.
Ding Chun
Ding Chun (Chinese: 丁纯; born October 1970) is a Chinese politician currently serving as the Communist Party Secretary of Huangshan and the First Secretary of the Huangshan Military Sub-district Party Committee. He previously served as Party Secretary of Tongling, Mayor of Changzhou, and held various positions in Jiangsu province. Ding is a delegate to the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a deputy to the 13th National People's Congress.

Changzhou
Changzhou is a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu, China. It was previously known as Yanling, Lanling, and Jinling. Located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, Changzhou borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west, Zhenjiang to the northwest, Wuxi to the east, and the province of Zhejiang to the south. The population of the Changzhou Municipality was 5,278,121 at the 2020 census. The city is the birthplace of Zhou Youguang who created the pinyin romanization system.
Housing insecurity in the United States
<$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

$400,000

$500,000

$600,000

$700,000+

Housing insecurity is the lack of security in an individual shelter that is the result of high housing costs relative to income and is associated with poor housing quality, unstable neighborhoods, overcrowding, and homelessness.

Housing shortages are a primary cause of high housing prices and rents. Climate change has also increased average housing costs with higher insurance premiums and power bills while also increasing displacement risks, especially in coastal areas.

Overcrowding
Overcrowding or crowding is the condition where more people are located within a given space than is considered tolerable from a safety and health perspective.  Safety and health perspectives depend on current environments and on local cultural norms. Overcrowding may arise temporarily or regularly, in the home, in public spaces or on public transport. Overcrowding in the home can cause particular concern, since the home is an individual's place of shelter.

Effects on quality of life due to crowding may include increased physical contact, lack of sleep, lack of privacy and poor hygiene practices.
While population density offers an objective measure of the number of people living per unit area, overcrowding refers to people's psychological response to density. However, definitions of crowding used in statistical reporting and for administrative purposes depend on density measures and do not usually incorporate people's perceptions of crowding.
Kong Zongyuan
Kong Zongyuan (simplified Chinese: 孔宗愿; traditional Chinese: 孔宗願, courtesy name 子莊) was a 46th generation descendant of Confucius and the first Duke Yansheng.

When Kong Shengyou (孔聖佑) died without a son, Kong Zongyuan succeeded him as Duke Wenxuan (文宣公) in 1039. In 1055, Emperor Renzong of Song renamed the title to Duke Yansheng (衍聖公).
Descendants of Kong Zongyuan continued to hold the title of Duke Yansheng until 1935.

Kong Zongyuan is buried in the Cemetery of Confucius in Qufu.

Emperor Renzong of Song
Emperor Renzong of Song (30 May 1010 – 30 April 1063), personal name Zhao Zhen, was the fourth emperor of the Northern Song dynasty of China. He reigned for about 41 years from 1022 to his death in 1063, making him the longest reigning Song dynasty emperor. He was the sixth son of his predecessor, Emperor Zhenzong, and was succeeded by his cousin's son, Zhao Shu who took the throne as Emperor Yingzong because his own sons died prematurely.
Fuquay-Varina Woman's Club Clubhouse
Fuquay-Varina Woman's Club Clubhouse is a historic Woman's Club clubhouse located at Fuquay-Varina, Wake County, North Carolina.  It was built in 1937, and is a one-story, T-shaped, Bungalow / American Craftsman influenced frame building.  The building consists of a rectangular meeting room measuring 24 feet by 40 feet, and a 14 feet by 24 feet rear ell containing the kitchen, a small pantry and a bathroom.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Pantry
A pantry is a room or cupboard where beverages, food, (sometimes) dishes, household cleaning products, linens or provisions are stored within a home or office. Food and beverage pantries serve in an ancillary capacity to the kitchen.
New Tinsukia Junction railway station
New Tinsukia  is a railway junction station on the Lumding–Dibrugarh section. It is located in Tinsukia district in the Indian state of Assam. It serves Tinsukia and the surrounding areas. New Tinsukia is the second station in the town of Tinsukia after the old Tinsukia Station.  The Railway Heritage Park, Tinsukia is located at the station, with locomotives from the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR), Dibru–Sadiya Railway (DSR) and Assam Bengal Railway (ABR).

Tinsukia
Tinsukia (Pron: ˌtɪnˈsʊkiə) is an industrial city. It is situated 480 kilometres (298 mi) north-east of Guwahati and 84 kilometres (52 mi) away from the border with Arunachal Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Tinsukia District of Assam, India.

Tinsukia serves as the headquarters of the Moran Autonomous Council, which is the governing council of the Morans (an indigenous tribal group found predominantly in the Tinsukia district and neighbouring Arunachal pradesh).
Beate Schramm
Beate Schramm (born 21 June 1966) is a German rower and Olympic gold medallist. Between 1986 and 1991, she won four senior world championship titles, after having previously twice been junior world champion. She won gold at the 1988 Seoul Olympics in the quad sculls event for East Germany, but missed the A final at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics in the single sculls event when she competed for Germany. She was national rowing champion a total of six times; four times in East Germany and twice German champion after the reunification.

Patriotic Order of Merit
The Patriotic Order of Merit (German: Vaterländischer Verdienstorden, or VVO) was a national award granted annually in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It was founded in 1954 and was awarded to individuals and institutions for outstanding contributions to the state and society in various areas of life.
Lewis Hills
The Lewis Hills are a section of the Long Range Mountains located on the west coast of Newfoundland, along the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

An ophiolite and Peridotite complex, the Lewis Hills are the southernmost of four such complexes  located within the Humber Arm Allochthon, a world-renowned geological area.  They are located in an area stretching between the town of Stephenville in the south and the city of Corner Brook in the north.

The Lewis Hills are an excellent backcountry wilderness hiking destination. The most accessible day-hiking route to the Lewis Hills is by the International Appalachian Trail, with the southern trail head located almost at the end of Cold Brook Road, and the northern trail head at the end of Logger School Road.

At 814 m (2,671 ft) above sea level, the highest elevation on Newfoundland is The Cabox located in the Lewis Hills at 48°49′59″N 58°29′03″W﻿ / ﻿48.83306°N 58.48417°W﻿ / 48.83306; -58.48417.

Corner Brook
Corner Brook (2021 population: 19,316 CA 29,762) is a city located on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Corner Brook is the fifth largest settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador, and the largest outside the Avalon Peninsula.

Located on the Bay of Islands at the mouth of the Humber River, the city is the second-largest population centre in the province behind St. John's, and smallest of three cities behind St. John's and Mount Pearl. As such, Corner Brook functions as a service centre for western and northern Newfoundland. It is located on the same latitude as Gaspé, Quebec, a city of similar size and landscape on the other side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Corner Brook is the most northern city in Atlantic Canada.

It is the administrative headquarters of the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nations band government. The Mi'kmaq name for the nearby Humber River is "Maqtukwek."
Lentinula guarapiensis
Lentinula guarapiensis is a species of agaric fungus in the family Omphalotaceae that is found in Paraguay. Originally described by Carlos Luigi Spegazzini in 1883 as Agaricus guarapiensis, it was moved to the genus Lentinula by David Pegler in 1983. It is only known from the type collection.

David Pegler
David Norman Pegler (born 2 November 1938) is a British mycologist who spent his entire professional career at Kew Gardens, where he became Head of Mycology and assistant keeper of the herbarium. A leading authority on tropical agarics, he described 11 new genera and over 180 species of fungi during expeditions to regions including East Africa, the Caribbean, and South America. He authored more than 200 scholarly articles and 35 books on fungal systematicswhilst also producing popular field guides, and received the Distinguished Mycologist Award from the Mycological Society of America upon his retirement in 1998. His contributions to mycology have been honoured with several species named after him and with two fungal genera, Pegleromyces and Peglerochaete.
Liu Xinyu
Liu Xinyu (Chinese: 柳鑫宇; pinyin: Liǔ Xīnyǔ; Mandarin pronunciation: [ljòʊ ɕín ỳ]; born October 16, 1994) is a Chinese ice dancer. With his skating partner, Wang Shiyue, he is the 2017 Asian Winter Games champion, 2018 CS Asian Open champion, 2015 Toruń Cup champion, and four-time Chinese national champions (2015, 2018, 2019, 2020). They have competed in the final segment at four World Championships.

Wang/Liu have competed at both the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics, where they finished 22nd and 12th, respectively.

Chinese Figure Skating Championships
The Chinese Figure Skating Championships (Chinese: 中国花样滑冰锦标赛) is a senior-level figure skating national championship held by the Chinese Figure Skating Association (Chinese: 中国花样滑冰协会) to determine the Chinese national champions. Skaters compete in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Cross Britain Way
The Cross Britain Way is a hiking trail of 280 miles (450 km) across England and Wales. Its starting point is Boston on the east coast of England and it finishes in Barmouth on the Welsh coast (or vice versa). It was launched in September 2014 and is one of the Macmillan Ways, a group of paths created to raise funds for Macmillan Cancer Support.  It is fully waymarked, and a comprehensive guidebook comprising route directions, maps, photographs and an accommodation list has been published and can be obtained from Macmillan Ways Association.

The path is recognised by the Long Distance Walkers Association.

The terrain varies from the flat land of The Fens to the Welsh Berwyn Mountains. There is a total of 7,597 metres (24,925 ft) of ascent, and the highest point reached is at 521 metres (1,709 ft).

Trail blazing
Trail blazing or way marking is the practice of marking paths in outdoor recreational areas with signs or markings that follow each other at certain, though not necessarily exactly defined, distances and mark the direction of the trail.

A blaze in the beginning meant "a mark made on a tree by slashing the bark" (The Canadian Oxford Dictionary). Originally a waymark was "any conspicuous object which serves as a guide to travellers; a landmark" (Oxford English Dictionary). Today, paint (most prevalent), carvings, affixed markers, posts, flagging, cairns, and crosses, are commonly used.

Blaze frequency and recognizability varies significantly. In some wilderness areas, such as those governed by the US Wilderness Act requiring that the land seem "untrammeled by man," blazes are kept to a minimum. Alternatively, highly utilized public areas, such as busy municipal, county, or state parks, will use frequent and highly visible blazes to maximize trail recognition.
Gilgul
Gilgul (also Gilgul neshamot or Gilgulei HaNeshamot; Heb. גלגול הנשמות‎, Plural: גלגולים‎ Gilgulim) is a concept of reincarnation or "transmigration of souls" in Kabbalistic esoteric mysticism. In Hebrew, the word gilgul means "cycle" or "wheel"  and neshamot is the plural for "souls." Souls are seen to cycle through lives or incarnations, being attached to different human bodies over time. Which body they associate with depends on their particular task in the physical world, spiritual levels of the bodies of predecessors and so on. The concept relates to the wider processes of history in Kabbalah, involving cosmic Tikkun (Messianic rectification), and the historical dynamic of ascending Lights and descending Vessels from generation to generation.

The esoteric explanations of gilgul were articulated in Jewish mysticism by Isaac Luria in the 16th century, as part of the metaphysical purpose of Creation.

Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems.

The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and feet. The internal human body includes organs, teeth, bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels and blood, lymphatic vessels and lymph.

The study of the human body includes anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar, iron, and oxygen in the blood.

The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and artists to assist them in their work.
Max & the Magic Marker
Max & the Magic Marker is a platform game released for WiiWare, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, iOS, and Windows Mobile. It was developed by Press Play. The Wii version was ported to Japan and published by Marvelous Entertainment under the name Rakugaki Hero (らくがき☆ヒーロー, Rakugaki☆Hīrō) on April 13, 2010.

The protagonist is a boy named Max, who draws a monster with a special magic marker that he happened to come across. The monster comes to life, invades Max's drawings and begins wreaking havoc in them. Max must chase and get rid of the monster, with the help of the magic marker.

Marvelous (company)
Marvelous Inc. (株式会社マーベラス, Kabushiki-gaisha Māberasu; previously known as Marvelous Entertainment and Marvelous AQL, stylized as MARVELOUS!) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher, and anime producer. The company was founded in 1997 but formed in its current state in October 2011 after MMV acquired AQ Interactive and Liveware.
IROC V
IROC V was the fifth year of IROC competition, which took place over three weekends in 1977 and 1978. It saw the use of the Chevrolet Camaro in all races, and the schedule was held over in its entirety from IROC IV. Al Unser won two races en route to the championship and $50,000.

The roster of drivers and final points standings were as follows:

Al Holbert
Alvah Robert Holbert (November 11, 1946 – September 30, 1988) was an American automobile racing driver who was a five-time champion of the IMSA Camel GT series and the fifth driver to complete the informal triple Crown of endurance racing. He once held the record with the most IMSA race wins at 50.
Vērgale Parish
Vērgale Parish (Latvian: Vērgales pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 1473 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 190.635 km2.

South Kurzeme Municipality
South Kurzeme Municipality (Latvian: Dienvidkurzemes novads) is one of the 35 municipalities established in Latvia in 2021. It surrounds Liepāja, Latvia's third largest city. Its first elected municipal council took office on 1 July 2021. Its seat is at Grobiņa.