hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1943 King's Lynn by-election
The King's Lynn by-election, 1943 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of King's Lynn in Norfolk on 12 February 1943.  The seat had become vacant when the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Somerset Maxwell had died in December 1942 from wounds received at the Battle of El Alamein.

Second Battle of El Alamein
The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt.

In October 1942 Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery,  commander of Eighth Army, opened his offensive against the Axis forces. In a 13-day battle the Axis Panzerarmee Afrika was crushed and forced to retreat from Egypt and Libya to the borders of Tunisia. The Allied victory at El Alamein was the beginning of the end of the Western Desert Campaign.

The battle ended the Axis threat to the Middle East and Iran and revived the morale of the western Allies, being their first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The end of the battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch on 8 November, which opened a second front in North Africa.
Fish egg fossil
The fossilized remains of fish eggs have an extensive record going at least as far back as the Devonian and spanning into the Cenozoic era. The eggs of many different fish taxa have contributed to this record, including lobe-finned fish, placoderms, and sharks. Occasionally eggs are preserved still within the mother's body, or associated with fossil embryos. Some fossil eggs possibly laid by fish cannot be confidently distinguished from those laid by amphibians; for example, the ichnogenus Mazonova is known from impressions of eggs which resemble eggs of both fish and amphibians. Paleontologist B.K. Hall has observed that the discovery of fossil fish eggs, embryos and larvae link the sciences of paleontology with evo-devo.

Egg case (Chondrichthyes)
An egg case or egg capsule, often colloquially called a mermaid's purse, is the casing that surrounds the eggs of oviparous chondrichthyans. Living chondricthyans that produce egg cases include some sharks, skates and chimaeras. Egg cases typically contain one embryo, except for big skate and mottled skate egg cases, which contain up to seven embryos. Oviparity is completely absent in the superorder Squalomorphi. Egg cases are also thought to have been produced by some extinct chondrichthyan groups, such as hybodonts and xenacanths.
Roman Catholic Relief Act 1926
The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1926 was an Act of Parliament that removed almost all the remaining legal disabilities affecting Roman Catholics in Great Britain. It was sponsored by the Conservative MPs Francis Blundell and Dennis Herbert.

One of the triggers of the bill had been the successful blocking of a Corpus Christi procession on public roads in Carfin by the local MP and Orangeman Hugh Ferguson.

The Private Members Bill was opposed by Thomas Inskip the Solicitor General. The Bill was successfully amended to exclude Northern Ireland but an amendment to remove Scotland failed with the opposition led partly by Fergusson's successor James Barr.

It repealed bans such as admitting new members to Catholic religious orders. public Catholic processions and most remaining disabilities of Catholics. It also repealed the Putting away of Books and Images Act 1549 and Crown Lands (Forfeited Estates) Act 1715.

Procession
A procession is an organized body of people walking in a formal or ceremonial manner. A procession may be arranged for a variety of purposes, including to advertise something, signal a change in government, display a group's power, show solidarity for a cause, mark the beginning or end of an event such as a wedding or funeral, entertain a crowd, or practice a religion. Processions have been an aspect of celebrations and ceremonies since ancient times, and they are practiced in some form throughout all cultures. They often involve a mode of transport, such as a carriage or a car; music or vocalizations, including a choir or a marching band; a visual signal of a hierarchy within the precession; and the display of eye-catching items like banners.
Dance-class minesweeper
The Dance-class minesweepers were series of minesweepers of the Royal Navy. They were originally designed as a shallow-draft twin-screw tunnel tugs, and were taken over by the British Admiralty as coastal minesweeping sloops. They were completed between November 1917 and September 1918 under the Emergency War Programme, during World War I.

Minesweeping
Minesweeping is the practice of removing explosive naval mines, usually by a specially designed ship called a minesweeper using various measures to either capture or detonate the mines, but sometimes also with an aircraft made for that purpose. Minesweeping has been practiced since the advent of naval mining in 1855 during the Crimean War. The first minesweepers date to that war and consisted of British rowboats trailing grapnels to snag the mines.
Loren Pankratz
Loren Pankratz (born February 27, 1940) is a consultation psychologist at the Portland VA Medical Center,

Following his retirement in 1995, he maintained a forensic practice until 2012.  He testified nationally on cases of Münchausen syndrome by proxy (MBP), often defending mothers accused of harming their children.

He has written, lectured and spoke on a wide variety of unusual topics such as Early childhood abuse, dancing manias, spiritualism, Greek oracles, ghosts, plagues, historical enigmas, mesmerism, moral panics, con-games, self-deception, faith healing, self-surgery, miracles, ethical blunders, quackery, and renaissance science.  He has also published magic history, magic tricks, and mentalism effects in magazines. Pankratz, along with Ray Hyman and Jerry Andrus, was a founding faculty member of the Skeptic's Toolbox in Eugene, Oregon. Pankratz is also a Fellow for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

Animal magnetism
Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a pseudoscientific theory promoted by German physician Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. It posits the existence of an invisible natural force (Lebensmagnetismus) possessed by all living things, including humans, animals, and vegetables. He claimed that the force could have physical effects, including healing.

The vitalist theory attracted numerous followers in Europe and the United States and was popular into the 19th century. Practitioners were often known as magnetizers rather than mesmerists. It had an important influence in medicine for about 75 years from its beginnings in 1779, and continued to have some influence for another 50 years. Hundreds of books were written on the subject between 1766 and 1925, but it is no longer practiced today except as a form of alternative medicine in some places. This theory also had a strong influence on the development of Kardecism.
Early music
Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750) or Ancient music (before 500 AD). Originating in Europe, early music is a broad musical era for the beginning of Western classical music.

Dates of classical music eras
Music historians divide the Western classical music repertory into various eras based on what style was most popular as taste changed.  These eras and styles include Medieval, Renaissance,   Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Modernist, and Postmodernist.  The 20th and 21st centuries are not musical eras in themselves, but are calendar periods that do not relate individually to musical history. However, these two calendar centuries can be combined into a longer musical period that includes the Modernist and Postmodernist eras.  Some of the terms, such as "Renaissance" and "Baroque", are borrowed from Western art history. Approximate dates can be assigned to the beginning and ending of each of these eras, which can be  useful in describing changes in taste and to estimate the style of a work composed in a particular year.  However, these dates are approximate and even good approximations are hard to make.
Shin-ike Dam (Kagawa)
Shin-ike (Japanese: 新池) is an earthfill dam located in Kagawa Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 1.5 km2. The dam impounds about 27  ha of land when full and can store 1200 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1968 and completed in 1970.

Kagawa Prefecture
Kagawa Prefecture (香川県, Kagawa-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa, ka.ɡa.waꜜ.keɴ, -ŋa.waꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kagawa Prefecture has a population of 949,358 (as of 2020) and is the smallest prefecture by geographic area at 1,877 square kilometres (725 sq mi). Kagawa Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the southwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the south.

Takamatsu is the capital and largest city of Kagawa Prefecture, with other major cities including Marugame, Mitoyo, and Kan'onji. Kagawa Prefecture is located on the Seto Inland Sea across from Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshu, which is connected by the Great Seto Bridge. Kagawa Prefecture includes Shōdoshima, the second-largest island in the Seto Inland Sea, and the prefecture's southern land border with Tokushima Prefecture is formed by the Sanuki Mountains.
Velmerstot
The Velmerstot is the northernmost and highest hill in the Eggegebirge ridge in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has two summits, the Prussian Velmerstot (Preußische Velmerstot) (468 m), which lies on the territory of Steinheim-Sandebeck in the county of Höxter, and the Lippe Velmerstot (Lippische Velmerstot) (51°50′26″N 8°37′16″E﻿ / ﻿51.84056°N 8.62111°E﻿ / 51.84056; 8.62111, 441 m), which is located in the county of Lippe. The whole hill is part of the Teutoburg Forest / Egge Hills Nature Park.

During the Cold War, the hill had a NATO and Dutch air defence installations; they left by 1994 and the installations were torn down in 2002/03.

Steinheim, Westphalia
Steinheim (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪnhaɪm] ⓘ; Low German: Staime) is a town in Höxter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The middle centre of Steinheim forms the economic, cultural and social hub of the Steinheimer Börde, one of the main territories of the old Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn. This territory was known as Wethi-Weizengau in Saxon times. Particularly scenic are the foothills of the Eggegebirge.
Pertusaria sipmanii
Pertusaria sipmanii is a species of crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 1998 by  Alan Archer and John Elix. The species epithet sipmanii honours Dutch lichenologist Harrie Sipman, who collected the type specimen.

John Alan Elix
John Alan (Jack) Elix (born 1941) emeritus professor in chemistry at the Australian National University, is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry. He has authored 2282 species names, and 67 genera in the field of mycology. Elix edited the exsiccata series Lichenes Australasici exsiccati.

The standard author abbreviation Elix is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Telari
Telari is a village in the Budge II subdivision of the South Twenty-Four Parganas district in West Bengal, India. The town is situated approximately 7.4 kilometers away from Burul village, another locality alongside the Hooghly River.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.
1980 Greek Football Cup final
The 1980 Greek Cup final was the 36th final of the Greek Cup. The match took place on 25 May 1980 at Nikos Goumas Stadium. The contesting teams were Iraklis and Kastoria. It was Iraklis' fourth Greek Cup final in their 72 years of existence and Kastoria's first ever Greek Cup final in their 17-year history. Iraklis on their way to the final, faced their local rivals PAOK on the semi-finals. Before the second leg, there was an alleged bribe attempt by Iraklis on the footballer of PAOK, Filotas Pellios. Due to those charges, Iraklis were eventually relegated to the second division, despite the prescribed penalty being the exclusion from next year's Cup. The allegations were later proven false, but the relegation decision was not overturned. With their conquest of the Cup, Kastoria became the first club that was not based in neither Attica or Thessaloniki to win the trophy, while at the same time ensured their only participation in the next season's Cup Winners' Cup.

Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.
MV Karadeniz Powership Doğan Bey
The MV Karadeniz Powership Doğan Bey is a Liberia-flagged Powership, a floating power plant, owned and operated by Karpowership. Built 1983 by Mitsui Co. in Ichihara, Chiba, Japan and christened MV Sono, she sailed as a dry cargo ship under various names and flags until in 2010 she was converted into a Powership at the Sedef Shipyard in Tuzla, Turkey. She supplied electricity to the power grid in south-eastern Iraq. Currently, she supplies electricity to Sierra Leone.

Tuzla, Istanbul
Tuzla is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. It has a population of 288,878 (2022) and a land area of 138 km2 . It is on the Asian side of the city next to the municipality of Pendik. Tuzla is on a headland on the coast of Marmara Sea, at the eastern limit of the city. The mayor is Eren Ali Bingöl (CHP).
Firdous Colony
Firdous Colony (Urdu: فردوس کالونی), officially Firdous Cooperative Housing Society, is a neighborhood in the Karachi Central district of Karachi, Pakistan. This society was formed by Shah Masood Ahmad, who came from Bihar-India and purchased this land for his people. Shah Masood Ahmad, who made a cooperative society with the help of friends, purchased land from the Government of Pakistan in 1948, and the land was sold at a rate of Rs3.50 per square yard.

Shah Masood Ahmad had a strong political background from India. Firdous Colony is a part of Liaquatabad Town, which was disbanded in 2011 but later was restored in early 2022.

There are several ethnic groups in Firdous Colony including Urdu/Muhajirs, Punjabis, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochs, Memons, Bohras,  Ismailis, Tatari etc. Over 99% of the population is Muslim. The population of Liaquatabad Town is estimated to be nearly one million.

Memon people
The Memon are a Muslim community in Gujarat, India, and Sindh, Pakistan, the majority of whom follow the Hanafi fiqh of Sunni Islam. They are divided into different groups based on their origins: Kathiawari Memons, Kutchi Memons and Bantva Memons from the Kathiawar, Kutch and Bantva regions of Gujarat, respectively, and Sindhi Memons from Sindh.

Memons have cultural similarities with the Khoja, Bohra, and other Gujarati peoples. They speak the Memoni language as their first language, which shares vocabulary with the Sindhi language, Kutchi language and Gujarati languages.

Today Memons are connected through globally recognized organisations such as the World Memon Organisation (WMO) and International Memon Organisation (IMO).
Area codes 678, 470, and 943
Area codes 678, 470, and 943  are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the U.S. State of Georgia in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The area codes are assigned in an overlay plan to a combined numbering plan area (NPA) consisting of 404 (Atlanta and its suburbs inside Interstate 285) and 770 (Atlanta suburbs and exurbs outside of I-285).

Interstate 285 (Georgia)
Interstate 285 (I-285) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway encircling Atlanta, Georgia, for 63.98 miles (102.97 km). It connects the three major Interstate Highways to Atlanta: I-20, I-75, and I-85. Colloquially referred to as the Perimeter, it also carries unsigned State Route 407 (SR 407) and is signed as Atlanta Bypass on I-20, I-75, and I-85.

Because of suburban sprawl, it is estimated that more than two million people use the highway each day, making it one of the busiest Interstates in the Atlanta metropolitan area, and one of the most heavily traveled roadways in the US. During rush hour, portions of the highway slow, sometimes to a crawl.
Arthur F. Bentley
Arthur Fisher Bentley (October 16, 1870  – May 21, 1957) was an American political scientist and philosopher who worked in the fields of epistemology, logic and linguistics and who contributed to the development of a behavioral methodology of political science.

American Humanist Association
The American Humanist Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that advances secular humanism.

The American Humanist Association was founded in 1941 and currently provides legal assistance to defend the constitutional rights of secular and religious minorities, lobbies Congress on church-state separation and other issues, and maintains a grassroots network of 250 local affiliates and chapters that engage in social activism and community-building events. The AHA has several publications, including The Humanist, Free Mind, a peer-reviewed semi-annual scholastic journal, Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism, and TheHumanist.com. The organization states that it has over 34,000 members.
Arthur Dawson (footballer, born 1882)
Arthur Dawson (1882–1951) was an English all-round sportsman. He played professional association football as a winger for Blackburn Rovers, and played amateur cricket in the Lancashire League.

Arthur Dawson batted for Rishton from 1901 to 1912, and opened for East Lancs. between 1913 and 1921. On many occasions he was batting opposite Victor Norbury, and one of their partnerships became an East Lancs. record not bettered until the 1960s. Both players featured strongly in the 1919 League win, scoring over 45% of the total runs between them in roughly equal measure.

Lancashire League (cricket)
The Lancashire League is a competitive league of local cricket clubs drawn from the small to middle-sized mill towns, mainly but not exclusively, of East Lancashire. Its real importance is probably due to its history of employing professional players of international standing to play in the League. After declining earlier opportunities to have this status, the league became an ECB Premier League from the 2023 season.
Palm Springs International Film Festival
Palm Springs International Film Festival (sometimes stylized shortly as PSIFF) is a film festival held in Palm Springs, California, considered the largest film festival for world cinema in the United States. Originally promoted by Mayor Sonny Bono and then sponsored by Nortel,: 198  it started in 1989 and is held annually in January. It is run by the Palm Springs International Film Society, which also runs the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films (ShortFest), a festival of short films and film market in June.

Though the festival does feature American independent films, the focus from its inception was to shine a spotlight on international cinema.

The festival was cancelled in both 2021 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in California. It was held from January 6 to January 16 in 2023. The 34th edition screened 134 films from 64 countries including 27 premieres. Film Awards ceremony on January 5 at the Palm Springs Convention Center started the celebrations.

Black Mass (film)
Black Mass is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film about American mobster Whitey Bulger. Directed by Scott Cooper and written by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth, it is based on Dick Lehr and Gerard O'Neill's 2000 book Black Mass: The True Story of an Unholy Alliance Between the FBI and the Irish Mob. The film features an ensemble cast led by Johnny Depp as Bulger, alongside Joel Edgerton, Benedict Cumberbatch, Kevin Bacon, Jesse Plemons, Peter Sarsgaard, Dakota Johnson, and Corey Stoll.

Principal photography of the film took place in Boston between May and August 2014. The film had its world premiere at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. Pictures worldwide on September 18, 2015. It received generally positive reviews and grossed $100 million on a $53 million budget.
Alberta Highway 88
Highway 88, officially named the Bicentennial Highway, is a north–south highway in Northern Alberta.

Highway 88 begins at its intersection with Highway 2  at the Town of Slave Lake, passing through Red Earth Creek and Fort Vermilion and ending at Highway 58 approximately 57 km (35 mi) east of the Town of High Level. It crosses the Peace River approximately 13 km (8.1 mi) south of Highway 58. The total length of the highway is 428 km (266 mi).

Peace River
The Peace River (French: rivière de la Paix) is a 1,923-kilometre-long (1,195 mi) river in Canada that originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows to the northeast through northern Alberta. The Peace River joins the Athabasca River in the Peace-Athabasca Delta to form the Slave River, a tributary of the Mackenzie River. The Finlay River, the main headwater of the Peace River, is regarded as the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River. The combined Finlay–Peace–Slave–Mackenzie river system is the 13th longest river system in the world.
2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification
The 2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification was the qualification process organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) to determine the participating teams for the 2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup, the 10th edition of the international women's under-17 football championship of Asia. Therefore, players born on or after 1 January 2009 were eligible to participate.

A total of 12 teams qualified to play in the final tournament in China. The host country China and the top three teams of the previous tournament (North Korea, Japan, and South Korea) qualified automatically, while the other eight teams were decided by qualification, with the matches played between 13 and 17 October 2025 in centralised venues.

Japan women's national under-17 football team
The Japan women's national under-17 football team is a national association football youth team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association. It has reached the World Cup Finals on three times and won the 2014 edition.