hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yankee-class submarine
The Yankee class, Soviet designations Project 667A Navaga (navaga) and Project 667AU Nalim (burbot) for the basic Yankee-I, were a family of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. In total, 34 units were built: 24 in Severodvinsk for the Northern Fleet and the remaining 10 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur for the Pacific Fleet. Two Northern Fleet units were later transferred to the Pacific.

The Yankee-class were subject to a wide variety of modifications; these ships have a different designation to the original model.

Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Russian: Комсомольск-на-Амуре, romanized: Komsomolsk-na-Amure, IPA: [kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐ‿ɐˈmurʲə]) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the west bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, 356 kilometers (221 mi) northeast of Khabarovsk. Population: 238,505 (2021 census); 263,906 (2010 census); 281,035 (2002 census); 315,325 (1989 Soviet census).
Robert Swann (land trust pioneer)
Robert Swann (March 26, 1918 – January 13, 2003) was a community land trust pioneer, Georgist, and peace activist in the United States.  He was born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio and died in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.  According to his obituary, "Swann dedicated more than a half century of his life to non-violence, desegregation, appropriate technology, affordable housing, land trusts, community credit, worker cooperatives and local currency".

Swann was a conscientious objector during World War II and was imprisoned. In 1967, Swann signed a public statement declaring his intention to refuse to pay income taxes in protest against the U.S. war against Vietnam.

Desegregation in the United States
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact on the settlement patterns of various groups. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American civil rights movement, both before and after the US Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. Racial integration of society was a closely related goal.
William Norton (cricketer)
William Owens John Norton (c. 1820 – 25 April 1873) was an English cricketer who played in three first-class cricket matches for Kent County Cricket Club between 1853 and 1859. He played once for Kent against Surrey in 1853 and twice against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1859, as well as playing regularly in other matches.

Norton was born at Aylesford in Kent in 1820 and was a nephew of Alfred Mynn, a significant figure in Kent cricket during the 1840s. Three cousins, Bradbury Norton, Selby Norton and William South Norton also played for Kent, the latter captaining the team between 1856 and 1870. He died in Lambeth in 1873 aged 53.

Aylesford
Aylesford is a village and civil parish on the River Medway in Kent, England, 4 miles (6 km) northwest of Maidstone.

Originally a small riverside settlement, the old village comprises around 60 houses, many of which were formerly shops. Two pubs, a village shop and other amenities are located on the high street. Aylesford's current population is around 5,000.

The Parish of Aylesford covers more than seven square miles (18 km2), stretching north to Rochester Airport estate and south to Barming, and has a total population of over 10,000 (as of 2011), with the main settlements at Aylesford, Eccles, Blue Bell Hill and (part of) Walderslade.

Aylesford Newsprint was a major employer in the area and the largest paper recycling factory in Europe, manufacturing newsprint. It closed in 2015.
Tink Gillam
Monroe Parker "Tink" Gillam was a college football, baseball, and basketball coach.  Born in Dadeville, Alabama, Gillam attended Birmingham College, where he played baseball, basketball, and was a halfback on the football team.  After graduating in 1919, Gillam was athletic director at Southern Military Academy in Greensboro, Alabama, from 1920–1921 and assistant athletic director at Mississippi College from 1921–1923.

Beginning in 1923, Gillam was an assistant football coach and head basketball coach at Mercer University.  He won back-to-back Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association basketball titles as coach at Mercer, earning him the title "the Napoleon of Southern basketball".

Gillam then moved to Clemson College, where he spent two seasons as a football assistant, and was head basketball coach in 1925–26 and 1926–27, and head baseball coach in 1927.

Gillam was inducted into the Birmingham–Southern Sports Hall of Fame in 1990.

Mercer Bears men's basketball
The Mercer Bears men's basketball team represents Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, United States. The school's team competes in the Southern Conference. They are led by head coach Ryan Ridder and play their home games at Hawkins Arena. The Bears have appeared three times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 2014. At the 2014 NCAA tournament, Mercer pulled off an upset, eliminating #3 seeded Duke from the tournament in a 78-71 victory.
Sphenophorus brunnipennis
Sphenophorus brunnipennis (common name - La Plata weevil) is a beetle in the Dryophthoridae family.

It was first described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824 as Calandra brunnipennis. He describes it as living in Buenos Aires.

Sphenophorus brunipennis arrived in Australia from South America, and was found to have been established in Perth and Brisbane by the 1920s, and it appears to be spreading. It has also been introduced into New Zealand.

Dryophthorinae
Dryophthorinae is a weevil subfamily within the family Curculionidae. While it is not universally accepted as distinct from other curculionid subfamilies, at least one major recent revision elevated it to family rank, as Dryophthoridae
Bulldog Drummond (1929 film)
Bulldog Drummond is a 1929 American pre-Code crime film in which Hugh "Bulldog" Drummond helps a young woman in distress.  The film stars Ronald Colman as the title character, Claud Allister, Lawrence Grant, Montagu Love, Wilson Benge, Joan Bennett, and Lilyan Tashman. Produced by Samuel Goldwyn and directed by F. Richard Jones, the film was adapted by Sidney Howard from the 1921 play by H. C. McNeile (credited onscreen as "Sapper").

Colman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and William Cameron Menzies for Best Art Direction.

Two previous Bulldog Drummond films had been produced: Bulldog Drummond (1923) and Bulldog Drummond's Third Round (1925). The 1929 film was the first Bulldog Drummond movie with sound, and was also Ronald Colman's first talkie. A series of Drummond movies followed, beginning with Temple Tower made in the UK in 1930; see the main article on Bulldog Drummond for a complete list.

Claud Allister
Claud Allister (born William Claud Michael Palmer, 3 October 1888 – 26 July 1970) was an English actor with an extensive film career in both Britain and Hollywood, where he appeared in more than 70 films between 1929 and 1955.
Indonesian Chess Championship
The Indonesian Chess Championship is organized by PERCASI (Indonesian: Persatuan Catur Seluruh Indonesia), the Indonesian Chess Federation. PERCASI was established in 1948 in Yogyakarta, although its official founding date is August 17, 1950, when its statutes and bylaws were enacted. Its offices were moved to Jakarta in 1955.

The first Indonesian championship recognized by PERCASI was held in Solo in 1953, although there are claims of a national championship having taken place in Semarang in 1952. Ardiansyah holds the record for most championships won with five. Since 1978, a women's championship has been held concurrently with the open championship.

Surakarta
Surakarta (Javanese: ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, Pegon: سوراكارتا), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese: ꦱꦭ; Sålå), is a major city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 46.72 km2 (18.04 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and west, and Sukoharjo Regency to the south. On the eastern side of Solo lies Solo River (Bengawan Solo). Its metropolitan area, consisting of Surakarta City and the surrounding six regencies ("Greater Solo Area", formerly Special Region of Surakarta), was home to 6,837,753 inhabitants according to the official estimates for mid 2023, 526,870 of whom reside in the city proper.

Surakarta is the birthplace of the President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024, Joko Widodo, as well as his son and current Vice President of Indonesia, Gibran Rakabuming Raka. The former served as Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012, as did the latter from 2021 to 2024.
Tsumebite
Tsumebite is a rare phosphate mineral named in 1912 after the locality where it was first found, the Tsumeb mine in Namibia, well known to mineral collectors for the wide range of minerals found there. Tsumebite is a compound phosphate and sulfate of lead and copper, with hydroxyl, formula Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH).  There is a similar mineral called arsentsumebite, where the phosphate group PO4 is replaced by the arsenate group AsO4, giving the formula Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH).  Both minerals are members of the brackebuschite group.

Arsenate
The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula AsO3−4. Bonding in arsenate consists of a central arsenic atom, with oxidation state +5, double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to a further three oxygen atoms. The four oxygen atoms orient around the arsenic atom in a tetrahedral geometry. Resonance disperses the ion's −3 charge across all four oxygen atoms.

Arsenate readily reacts with metals to form arsenate metal compounds. Arsenate is a moderate oxidizer and an electron acceptor, with an electrode potential of +0.56 V for its reduction to arsenite. Due to arsenic having the same valency and similar atomic radius to phosphorus, arsenate shares similar geometry and reactivity with phosphate. Arsenate can replace phosphate in biochemical reactions and is toxic to most organisms.
Tirikaṭukam
Thirikatukam (Tamil: திரிகடுகம்) is a Tamil poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (Pathinenkilkanakku) anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period' corresponding to between 100 and 500 CE. Thirikatukam contains 100 poems written by the poet Nallathanaar. The poems of Thirikatukam are written in the Venpa meter.

Thirikatukam uses the analogy of the traditional herbal medicine, which uses the three herbs sukku (dried ginger), milaku (pepper) and thippili (Long pepper) to cure maladies of the stomach. Thirikatugam similarly uses three different maxims to illustrate correct behaviour.

Venpa
Venpa or Venba (வெண்பா in Tamil) is a form of classical Tamil poetry. Classical Tamil poetry has been classified based upon the rules of metric prosody. Such rules form a context-free grammar. Every venba consists of between two and twelve lines. The venpa meter is used in songs of the types neṭu veṇ pāṭṭu ('long song in venpa meter'), kuṟu veṇ pāṭṭu 'short song in venpa meter', kaikkiḷai "one-sided love," and paripāṭṭu 'song that is quite accommodative' and in satirical compositions (aṅkatac ceyyuḷ).
Mstislav Mstislavich
Mstislav Mstislavich, also called the Daring, the Bold or the Able (died c. 1228), was a prince of Tmutarakan and Chernigov. He was one of the princes from Kievan Rus' in the decades preceding the Mongol invasions.

Grand Prince of Vladimir
The Prince of Vladimir, from the 1186 Grand Prince of Vladimir (Russian: Великий князь Владимирский), also translated as Grand Duke of Vladimir, was the title of the monarch of Vladimir-Suzdal. The title was passed to the prince of Moscow in 1389.
Lower Rhine Bay
The Lower Rhine Bay (German: Niederrheinische Bucht), sometimes called the Lower Rhine Bight, is a lowland plain in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia that cuts into the Rhenish Massif. From a natural region perspective it is a major unit group which includes the Cologne Lowland around the city of Cologne as well as the land lying to the west and, in a clearly narrower strip of land, to the east of the central Cologne plain. That said, the term "Cologne Bay" or "Cologne Bight" is occasionally used, pars pro toto, for the entire region.

The Lower Rhine Bay covers an area of 3,584.4 km².

Rhenish Massif
The Rhenish Massif, Rhine Massif or Rhenish Uplands (German: Rheinisches Schiefergebirge [ˈʁaɪnɪʃəs ˈʃiːfɐɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ: 'Rhenish Slate Uplands'; French: massif schisteux rhénan [masif ʃistø ʁenɑ̃]: 'Rhenish Schistose Massif') is a geologic massif in western Germany, eastern Belgium, Luxembourg and northeastern France.  It is drained centrally, south to north by the river Rhine and a few of its tributaries.

West of the indent of the Cologne Bight it has the Eifel and the Belgian and French Ardennes; east is its greatest German component, the Süder Uplands. The Hunsrück hills form its southwest. The Westerwald is an eastern strip. The Lahn-Dill area is a small central zone and the Taunus Mountains form the rest, the south-east.

The massif hosts the Middle Rhine Valley (Rhine Gorge), a UNESCO World Heritage site linked to the lowest parts of the Moselle (German: Mosel, Luxembourgish: Musel).
Children's Museum of Denver
The Children's Museum of Denver at Marsico Campus is located in downtown Denver at 2121 Children’s Museum Drive, Denver, Colorado, United States. The 46,902 square foot building is located on a 9-acre campus and has 20 exhibits and approximately 450,000 visitors annually. The museum focuses on early childhood education, serving children newborn through age eight and their caregivers through interactive exhibits and educational programming. Its core early learning focus areas include: Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM), Health and Wellness, 21st Century Skills, Literacy and the Arts. The museum is a member of the Association of Children’s Museums. The mission of the Children’s Museum of Denver at Marsico Campus is "to create extraordinary experiences that champion the wonder and joy of childhood".

Association of Children's Museums
The Association of Children's Museums (ACM) is a Arlington, Virginia–based organization that represents more than 400 children's museums in 23 countries throughout the world. The association began in 1962 as the American Association of Youth Museums and grew out of the desire for children's museums to meet as a separate group during the American Alliance of Museums' annual meeting. They remained an informal group, but their growth paralleled the growth of children's museums worldwide. In addition to organizing museums and administration of grants to museums, the Association partners with other organizations, including the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development on health issues related to children.
Soheila Zaland
Sohaila Zaland (Pashto:سُهَيلا ځلاند) is an Afghan popular singer. She is the daughter of singer and composer Ustad Zaland and sister of composer Farid Zaland and singers Shahla Zaland and Wahid Zaland.

Farid Zoland
Farid Zoland (Persian: فرید زلاند, also romanized as Zaland, Pashto: فرید ځَلاند; born 1 September 1951 in Kabul) is an Afghan songwriter and composer. He has collaborated with many musicians from other countries, most notably from Iran.
National Funding Scheme
The National Funding Scheme (NFS) is a charitable organisation (charity number 1149800) in the United Kingdom providing fundraising advice, support and services to UK charities. The charity uses the DONATE brand name to deliver an integrated giving platform across text, online and contactless donation products.

Established in 2013 and initially for arts organisations, the scheme was broadened to all UK charities in 2015.  DONATE's provision of SMS/text giving has increased following the closure of JustGiving's text platform on 31 March 2019.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
Beijing underground cross-city railway
The Beijing underground cross-city railway is a short railway connection in Beijing. It connects the important transportation hubs Beijing railway station and Beijing West railway station. For the most part it is underground, in a section known as the Qiansanmen Tunnel. The speed limit is 120 km/h. It also connects lines from southern and western areas with lines from northeast China. The railway has a length span of 9.156 km (5.689 mi), and has been officially operational since March 20, 2015.

It is used by conventional railway lines such as K7752 from Shijiazhuang to Chengde via Beijing West railway station and Beijing railway station, as well as the commuter rail Sub-Central line of the Beijing Suburban Railway, which started in December 2017.

Western China
Western China (中国西部 or 华西) is the west of China. It consists of Southwestern China and Northwestern China. In the definition of the Chinese government, Western China covers six provinces (Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai), three autonomous regions (Tibet, Ningxia, and Xinjiang), and one direct-administered municipality (Chongqing).
For the First Time (Kenny Loggins song)
"For the First Time" is a 1996 song performed by Kenny Loggins from the 1996 film One Fine Day starring Michelle Pfeiffer and George Clooney with music and lyrics by James Newton Howard, Jud J. Friedman, and Allan Dennis Rich and produced by Peter Asher. The song was included in the soundtrack of the film and is Loggins' one and only number one hit on the Adult Contemporary chart, remaining on the top spot for two weeks. It also peaked at number sixty on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart. The song did not make the Billboard Hot 100 chart as it was not made available as a commercial single, which at that time made it ineligible to chart on the Hot 100. "For the First Time" was nominated for the Best Original Song.

"For the First Time" was first released by Rod Stewart on his album If We Fall in Love Tonight, a month prior to the release of Loggins' version.

Kenny Loggins
Kenneth Clark Loggins (born January 7, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. His early songs were recorded with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in 1970, which led to seven albums recorded with Jim Messina as Loggins and Messina from 1972 to 1977. His early soundtrack contributions date back to A Star Is Born in 1976, and he is known as the "King of the Movie Soundtrack". As a solo artist, Loggins experienced a string of soundtrack successes, including an Academy Award nomination for "Footloose" in 1985. Finally Home was released in 2013, shortly after Loggins formed the group Blue Sky Riders with Gary Burr and Georgia Middleman. He has won two Grammy Awards and a Daytime Emmy Award; and was nominated for an Academy Award, a Tony Award, and a Golden Globe Award.
Edward J. Nankivell
Edward James Nankivell  (1848–18 March 1909) was a respected member of the Institute of Journalists in London and an avid early stamp collector. Stamp collecting was a relatively new hobby (the first postage stamp in the world, the Penny Black, was issued by Britain in 1840) and not taken seriously at all by the people, who considered it only something to amuse children.

Nankivell was upset by the lack of respect the public had for his beloved hobby and he wrote 
Stamp Collecting as a Pastime as a passionate plea for the acceptance of stamp collecting as a serious pastime for everyone from the Prince of Wales to ordinary school children.

The book has become a classic and is available as a free download from the Gutenberg Project and a paper copy of the book is currently available as a reprint.

Nankivell was the editor of The Philatelic Record and Stamp News.

Penny Black
The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system. It was first issued in the United Kingdom on 1 May 1840 but was not valid for use until 6 May. The stamp features a profile of Queen Victoria.

In 1837, British postal rates were high, complex and anomalous. To simplify matters, Sir Rowland Hill proposed an adhesive stamp to indicate pre-payment of postage. At the time it was normal for the recipient to pay postage on delivery, charged by the sheet and on distance travelled. By contrast, the Penny Black allowed letters of up to 1⁄2 ounce (14 grams) to be delivered at a flat rate of one penny, regardless of distance.
Javaés River
The Javaés River (Portuguese: Rio Javaés or Braço Menor do Rio Araguaia, Javaé: ♂ Bero Biòwa [beˈɾo bɪɔˈwa], ♀ Bèraku Bikòwa [bɛɾaˈku bɪkɔˈwa]): 40, 68  is a river of Tocantins state in central Brazil and part of the Tocantins basin. It is a tributary of the Araguaia River. Between the two rivers there is an island called Bananal, the biggest fluvial island in the world.

The Javaés River separates the Cantão State Park to the north from the Araguaia National Park to the south.

River island
A river island is any exposed landmass surrounded by river water. Properly defined, it excludes shoals between seasonally varying flows and may exclude semi-coastal islands in river deltas such as Marajó.

These islands result from changes in the course of a river. Such changes may be caused by interactions with a tributary, or by the opposing fluvial actions of deposition and/or erosion that form a natural cut and meander. Nascent vegetation-free shoals and mudflats may dissipate and shift or build up into such islands through deposition; the process may be assisted through artificial reinforcement or natural factors, such as reeds, palms, evergreen trees or willows, that act as obstacles or erosion barriers, so that water flows around them. Islands may be small or large, covering many square kilometers, examples of which are given below.
Shimada Station
Shimada Station (島田駅, Shimada-eki) is a railway station in the city of Shimada, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai). The station is also a freight depot for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).

Japan Freight Railway Company
Japan Freight Railway Company (日本貨物鉄道株式会社, Nippon Kamotsu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), or JR Freight (JR貨物, Jeiāru Kamotsu), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It provides transportation of cargo nationwide throughout Japan. Its headquarters are in Shibuya, Tokyo near Shinjuku Station.

The Japan Railways Group was founded on 1 April 1987, when Japanese National Railways (JNR) was privatized. Japanese National Railways was divided into six regional passenger rail companies and a single freight railway company, Japan Freight Railway Company.

The company has only about 50 kilometers (31 mi) of track of its own, and therefore operates on track owned by the six JR passenger railways as well as other companies which provide rail transport in Japan.