hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
System virtual machine
A system virtual machine (also called SysVM) is a virtual machine (VM) that provides a complete system platform and supports the execution of a complete operating system (OS). These usually emulate an existing architecture, and are built with the purpose of either providing a platform to run programs where the real hardware is not available for use (for example, executing on otherwise obsolete platforms), or of having multiple instances of virtual machines leading to more efficient use of computing resources, both in terms of energy consumption and cost effectiveness (known as hardware virtualization, the key to a cloud computing environment), or both. A VM was originally defined by Popek and Goldberg as "an efficient, isolated duplicate of a real machine".

Hardware virtualization
Hardware virtualization is the virtualization of computers as complete hardware platforms, certain logical abstractions of their componentry, or only the functionality required to run various operating systems. Virtualization emulates the hardware environment of its host architecture, allowing multiple OSes to run unmodified and in isolation. At its origins, the software that controlled virtualization was called a "control program", but the terms "hypervisor" or "virtual machine monitor" became preferred over time.
The Vision of Constantine (Bernini)
The Vision of Constantine is an equestrian sculpture by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, located in the Scala Regia by St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. Originally commissioned as a free standing work of art within St. Peter's itself, the sculpture was finally unveiled in 1670 as an integral part of the Scala Regia - Bernini's redesigned stairway between St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Palace. Unlike other large works by Bernini, art historians have suggested that this work was almost entirely undertaken by him - no other sculptors have been recorded as receiving payment. Bernini's overall fee was 7,000 Roman scudi.

Italian scudo
The scudo (pl. scudi) was the name for a number of coins used in various states in the Italian peninsula from 1551 until the 19th century. The name, like that of the French écu and the Spanish and Portuguese escudo, was derived from the Latin scutum ("shield"). From the 16th century, the name was used in Italy for large silver coins. Sizes varied depending on the issuing country.
Tiptoe
Tiptoe (tiptoes or tippy toes) describes the human body posture and locomotion of removing the heel(s) of one or both feet from the ground. The term is mostly used colloquially when the weight is placed on the balls of the feet rather than literally on the tips of the toes; literal tip-toeing is difficult but possible, as in the pointe technique of ballet. In running, landing on the ball of the foot is known as forefoot strike.

Foot
The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is an organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.
Charlotte County Militia
The Charlotte County Militia was a militia organization in Charlotte County, New Brunswick. It was one of the original county regiments of the New Brunswick Militia established after the passage of the Provincial Militia Act by the 1st New Brunswick Legislature in 1787.: 141  The legislation required all men between 16 and 50 years of age to enrol, with exemptions for certain professions such as school teachers, millers, and ferrymen.: 6

1st New Brunswick Legislature
The 1st New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between January 3, 1786, and 1792. The lower house was the Legislative Assembly and the upper house was named the Legislative Council.

The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of New Brunswick, Thomas Carleton. The first and second sessions were held at the Mallard House, an inn in Saint John. Subsequent sessions were held in Fredericton.

Amos Botsford was chosen as Speaker Of The House.
Anubavi Raja Anubavi
Anubavi Raja Anubavi (transl. Experience it boy, experience it) is a 1967 Indian Tamil-language comedy film written and directed by K. Balachander. The film stars Nagesh along with R. Muthuraman, Rajasree and Jayabharathi. It was released in July 1967. The film was remade in Hindi as Do Phool (1974), in Malayalam as Aanandham Paramaanandham (1977) and in Kannada as Kittu Puttu (1977).

Rajasree
Rajasree (Rajasree Thota Panchajanyam, Kusuma Kumari), also known as Rajasri or Rajashri, is an Indian actress active from 1956 to 1979. She is particularly famous for her portrayal as a princess in several folklore Telugu movies opposite N. T. Rama Rao and Tadepalli Lakshmi Kanta Rao and for acting alongside Ravichandran in the Tamil comedy films Neeyum Naanum, Kadhalikka Neram Illai and Delhi Mappilai. Notable among Rajasri's roles in non-folklore social films in Tamil are as Nimmi in the Tamil hit comedy film Kaadhalikka Neramillai, remade as Preminchi Choodu in Telugu, as movie star Bhama in Tamil film Bama Vijayam. She was credited as Gracy in the Malayalam movies she starred in her career since her debut film Bharya (1962), directed by Kunchako. Rajasree went on to do 200 films spread across the languages – Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam (as Gracy) and Hindi from beginning of 1956 to 1979.
Bretherton equation
In mathematics, the Bretherton equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation introduced by Francis Bretherton in 1964:

with  integer and  While  and  denote partial derivatives of the scalar field

The original equation studied by Bretherton has quadratic nonlinearity,  Nayfeh treats the case  with two different methods: Whitham's averaged Lagrangian method and the method of multiple scales.

The Bretherton equation is a model equation for studying weakly-nonlinear wave dispersion. It has been used to study the interaction of harmonics by nonlinear resonance. Bretherton obtained analytic solutions in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions.

Averaged Lagrangian
In continuum mechanics, Whitham's averaged Lagrangian method – or in short Whitham's method – is used to study the Lagrangian dynamics of slowly-varying wave trains in an inhomogeneous (moving) medium.
The method is applicable to both linear and non-linear systems. As a direct consequence of the averaging used in the method, wave action is a conserved property of the wave motion. In contrast, the wave energy is not necessarily conserved, due to the exchange of energy with the mean motion. However the total energy, the sum of the energies in the wave motion and the mean motion, will be conserved for a time-invariant Lagrangian. Further, the averaged Lagrangian has a strong relation to the dispersion relation of the system.

The method is due to Gerald Whitham, who developed it in the 1960s. It is for instance used in the modelling of surface gravity waves on fluid interfaces, and in plasma physics.
Nobuaki Minegishi
Nobuaki Minegishi (Japanese: 嶺岸信明, Hepburn: Minegishi Nobuaki) is a Japanese manga artist and illustrator, whose works include Old Boy, Aburemon, Jungle, Tenpai, Hoozuki, Joi Reika, and Maboroshi No Kakero.

Minegishi's series Old Boy won the 2007 Eisner Award for Best U.S. Edition of International Material - Japan.

Eisner Awards
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are awards for creative achievement in American comic books. They are regarded as the most prestigious and significant awards in the comic industry and often referred to as the industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The first Eisners were conferred in 1988, for works published in 1987. The Eisner Awards ceremony has been held at San Diego Comic-Con every year since 1991. The awards are named in honor of pioneering cartoonist and writer Will Eisner, who was a regular participant in the ceremony until his death in 2005.

The nominations in each category are generated by a five- to six-member jury, then voted on by comic book professionals. The jury often consists of at least one comics retailer, one librarian (since 2005), and one academic researcher, among other comic experts. As of 2021, awards are presented in 32 categories.
South Korea at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics
South Korea competed at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland, from 9 to 22 January 2020.

South Korea competed 13 sports and has 40 competitors. On the final day, the country brings home 8 medals (5 golds and 3 silver).

Gangwon was announced as the next Winter Youth Olympics host province, during the closing ceremony.

2024 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2024 Winter Youth Olympics (Korean: 2024년 동계 청소년 올림픽), officially known as the IV Winter Youth Olympic Games and commonly known as Gangwon 2024 (강원 2024), were a winter multi-sport event, cultural festival, and fourth edition of the Winter Youth Olympics held between 19 January and 1 February 2024 in Gangwon Province, South Korea.

That was the third time South Korea hosted the Olympic Games, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, and the second time the country hosted the Winter games, after the 2018 Olympics. It was also the first Winter Youth Olympics held in Asia, as well as the third overall Youth Olympic Games in the continent, after the 2010 Olympics in Singapore and the 2014 Olympics in Nanjing, China (all Summer Games). It was also the final Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
José Luis Contreras Coeto
José Luis Contreras Coeto (born 30 March 1964) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN).

After serving as the municipal president of Tepeaca, Puebla, from 2002 to 2005, 
in the 2000 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Puebla's 7th district during the 60th session of Congress.

LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LX Legislature (60th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2006, to September 1, 2009. All members of both the lower and upper houses of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2006.
Rock N Roll Experience Magazine
Rock N Roll Experience Magazine is a Maryland based publication that started out in 1992 as a print zine and switched over to an online zine in 2000. The magazine is devoted to music  and popular culture and is updated daily with reviews and interviews.  The publication was created by Bob Suehs when he was 16 years old & still in high school. It remained in print for nearly a decade but switched over to an online only web site as the print medium slowly started to die out.

Glenn Danzig
Glenn Allen Anzalone (born June 23, 1955), better known by his stage name Glenn Danzig, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, film director and record producer. He is the founder of the rock bands Misfits, Samhain, and Danzig. He owns the Evilive record label as well as Verotik, an adult-oriented comic book publishing company.

Beginning in the mid-1970s, Danzig's musical career has encompassed a number of genres through the years, including punk rock and heavy metal, and incorporating influences from industrial, blues and classical music. He has also written songs for other musicians, most notably Johnny Cash and Roy Orbison.

As a singer, Danzig is noted for his baritone voice and tenor vocal range; his style has been compared to those of Elvis Presley, Jim Morrison, and Howlin' Wolf. Danzig has also cited Bill Medley as a vocal influence. In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Glenn Danzig at number 199 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.
Serenade No. 11 (Mozart)
The Serenade No. 11 for winds in E♭ major, K. 375, was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in October 1781 for St Theresa's day on 15 October.

The original version of the serenade is scored for six players: 2 clarinets, 2 horns, and 2 bassoons. Mozart later revised the score to add parts for two oboes.

It has five movements:

Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
The Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (NMA; English: New Mozart Edition) is the second complete works edition of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. A longer and more formal title for the edition is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791): Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke [Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791): New Edition of the Complete Works].
Hurtsboro Historic District
The Hurtsboro Historic District is a historic district in Hurtsboro, Alabama.  Hurtsboro was founded as Hurtsville in 1858 by Joel Hurt after the Mobile and Girard Railroad was built through western Russell County.  The commercial core is centered along the railroad tracks; although all of the early frame commercial buildings were demolished by the 1960s, several 1890s–1920s buildings, including the 1890s Gin and Mill building and the circa 1910 Owens Mercantile block remain.  The Greek Revival style Joel Hurt House is the oldest house in town.  Although many of Hurtsboro's historic houses were destroyed in a 1981 tornado, a core of Greek Revival, Victorian, Bungalow, and Minimal Traditional houses remain.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Hurtsboro, Alabama
Hurtsboro is a town in Russell County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, Hurtsboro had a population of 349. It was founded in 1857 as Hurtsville and named for Joel Hurt, Sr. (whose son, Joel Hurt, was an important developer of Atlanta, Georgia). A railroad spur from Columbus, Georgia was completed the next year. It was incorporated in 1872 and in 1883 the town name was changed to Hurtsboro.

The town is part of the Columbus, Georgia-Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bi'r Ma'una
Bir Maona (Arabic: بئر معونة) also known as Bir Ma'una is a location in Saudi Arabia. The Expedition of Bir Maona took place here where 70 Muslim were killed. It used to be a well at the time

Bir Maona is mentioned in the Sunni hadith collection Sahih Bukhari, as follows:

We do not know of any tribe amongst the 'Arab tribes who lost more martyrs than Al-Ansar, and they will have superiority on the Day of Resurrection. Anas bin Malik told us that seventy from the Ansar were martyred on the day of Uhud, and seventy on the day (of the battle of) Bir Ma'una, and seventy on the day of Al-Yamama. Anas added, "The battle of Bir Ma'una took place during the lifetime of Allah's Apostle and the battle of Al-Yamama, during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, and it was the day when Musailamah Al-Kadhdhab was killed." Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:405

According to Mubarakpuri, Quran 3:169-173 is also related to the Bir Maona, and the verse was later abrogated.

Massacre of Bi'r Ma'una
The Massacre of Bi'r Ma'una (Arabic: يَوْم بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ, romanized: Yawm Biʾr Maʿūna, lit. 'Day of Bi'r Ma'una') was the killing of Muslim missionaries by the Mushrikites four months after the Battle of Uhud in 625 (4 AH). 
It is believed the Islamic prophet Muhammad sent missionaries to preach Islam, at the request of Abu Bara. Forty (as per Ibn Ishaq) or seventy (as per Sahih Bukhari) of the Muslim missionaries were killed.
Port of Barisal
The Port of Barisal, officially known as Barisal River Port is the second largest and busiest river port in Bangladesh after Dhaka in terms of passenger traffic. It is located on the banks of the Kirtankhola river in the city of Barisal. The port operates daily services between Dhaka and Barisal as well as most of the districts in southern part of the country including Chandpur, Narayanganj, Bhola, Laxmipur, Pirojpur and Barguna. It also operates inter-district routes around Barisal.

The port of Barisal is an important hub of transportation system connecting different parts of Bangladesh through waterways. It is also considered as a transit point between Mongla and Chittagong marine ports, Khulna and Dhaka and other river ports of Bangladesh as well as between West Bengal and Assam and Tripura of India.

Narayanganj
Narayanganj (Bengali: নারায়ণগঞ্জ, romanized: Narayongônj) is a city in central Bangladesh in the Greater Dhaka area. Narayanganj District, about 16 km (10 mi) southeast of the capital city of Dhaka. With a population of almost 1 million, it is the 5th largest city in Bangladesh. It is also a center of business and industry, especially the jute trade and processing plants, and the textile sector of the country. It is nicknamed the Dundee of Bangladesh, due to the presence of its many jute mills. (Dundee was the first industrialised 'Juteopolis' in the world.)
Vilnius railway station
Vilnius Central Railway Station (Lithuanian: Vilniaus geležinkelio stotis) is an LTG Link train station in Vilnius, Lithuania. The railway station situates between two neighbourhoods of Vilnius — Naujininkai and Naujamiestis — and on the edge of the Old Town.

Lithuanian Railways
LTG Group, officially Lietuvos geležinkeliai (English: Lithuanian Railways), known as LTG, is the national state-owned railway company of Lithuania. It operates most of the railway network in the country. Its main subsidiary companies are LTG Link, for passenger services, LTG Cargo, for freight service, and LTG Infra, for maintenance and development of infrastructure.

During 2022, Lithuanian Railways transported 4.69 million passengers and 31.0 million tonnes of freight; the majority of freight conveyed comprised oil products and fertilizers.
The Story So Far (Spunge album)
The Story So Far is the third album by the Tewkesbury ska punk band Spunge. It was released on 26 August 2002 on the B-Unique Records label and recorded at two studios, Sawmills and Jacobs. The record was produced by John Cornfield (Supergrass, Muse) and Chris Sheldon (Foo Fighters, Therapy?).

The album perhaps marks a change in the band's sound, from a more laid-back ska style to a more rock sound. Two singles, "Jump on Demand" and "Roots", were released from the album.

The album peaked at #48 on the UK Albums Chart, while the singles "Jump on Demand" and "Roots" peaked at #39 and #52 on the UK singles chart, respectively.

The Story So Far includes a new version of the single "Ego", from Room For Abuse.

Chris Sheldon
Chris Sheldon (born 25 September 1962) is an English record producer, particularly of rock music based in London, England. He has produced or mixed records for the Foo Fighters, Garbage, Big Country, Feeder, Therapy?, Biffy Clyro, Oceansize, Pixies and Shed 7. He lives in London, is married and has two daughters.
Alberto Quadrio Curzio
Alberto Quadrio Curzio (born in Tirano, Italy, December 25, 1937) is an Italian economist. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Economy at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, president emeritus of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.

Aspen Institute
The Aspen Institute is an international nonprofit organization founded in 1949 as the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., but also has a campus in Aspen, Colorado, its original home.

Its stated mission is to "drive change through dialogue, leadership, and action to help solve the greatest challenges of our time". The Aspen Institute’s work focuses on many sectors including business, education, communications, energy and environment, health, security and international affairs.
Macedonians in France
Macedonians (in French: Macédoniens) in France form a small minority mainly concentrated in the capital Paris. Most of the immigrants originated from the Skopje, Bitola, Sloeštica, Struga, Ohrid and Kicevo regions. More still emigrated to France after the breakup of Yugoslavia. The French government estimates the number of Macedonians in France to be 2,300 while Macedonian figures put the number at over 15,000 people.

The names of 33 Macedonian soldiers killed fighting for France in World War I are inscribed on a monument in the Peace Park of Colombelles, Normandy.

Kičevo
41°31′04″N 20°57′56″E﻿ / ﻿41.51778°N 20.96556°E﻿ / 41.51778; 20.96556

Kičevo (Macedonian: Кичево [ˈkitʃɛvɔ] ⓘ; Albanian: Kërçovë, Albanian definite form: Kërçova)  is a city in the western part of North Macedonia, located in a valley in the south-eastern slopes of Mount Bistra, between the cities of Ohrid and Gostivar. The capital Skopje is 112 km away. The city of Kičevo is the seat of Kičevo Municipality.
Valley View, South Australia
Valley View is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It spans three separate local government areas. They are the City of Salisbury, the City of Port Adelaide Enfield, and the City of Tea Tree Gully. The suburb's boundaries are defined by the intersection of Walkleys, Grand Junction and North East Roads in the south, and Wright and Kelly Roads in the north and east.

City of Tea Tree Gully
The City of Tea Tree Gully is a local council in the Australian state of South Australia, in the outer north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The major business district in the city is at Modbury, where Westfield Tea Tree Plaza, Modbury Hospital, the Civic Centre and the library are located.

Howard, Lord Florey, Australian pathologist and co-discoverer of penicillin, was a resident of the City of Tea Tree Gully.
Dante Symphony
A Symphony to Dante's Divine Comedy, S.109, or simply the "Dante Symphony", is a choral symphony composed by Franz Liszt. Written in the high romantic style, it is based on Dante Alighieri's journey through Hell and Purgatory, as depicted in The Divine Comedy. It was premiered in Dresden on 7. November 1857, with Liszt conducting himself, and was unofficially dedicated to the composer's friend and future son-in-law Richard Wagner. The entire symphony takes approximately 50 minutes to perform.

Some critics have argued that the Dante Symphony is not so much a symphony in the classical sense as it is two descriptive symphonic poems. Regardless, Dante consists of two movements, both in a loosely structured ternary form with little use of thematic transformation.

Symphonic poem
A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source. The German term Tondichtung (tone poem) appears to have been first used by the composer Carl Loewe in 1828. The Hungarian composer Franz Liszt first applied the term Symphonische Dichtung to his 13 works in this vein, which commenced in 1848.
German submarine U-355
German submarine U-355 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 4 May 1940 at the Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft yard at Flensburg, launched on 5 July 1941, and commissioned on 29 October 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Günter La Baume. After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla, U-355 was transferred to the 11th U-boat Flotilla, based at Bergen in Norway, for front-line service from 1 July 1942. The boat went missing on 1 April 1944 while on patrol, and was never heard from again. Her fate remains unsolved.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.