hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of Ganja
Ganja is the second largest city of Azerbaijan, according to its population (331.4 thousand (1 January 2017), however, it is behind Baku and Sumqayit in terms of industrial production. The city is located in Ganja-Gazakh economic region (12.48 thousand square kilometers). The economy of Ganja embraces the issues connected to the economy of the city of Ganja. Industry, tourism, agriculture, and transportation are the major branches of its economy.  Most of the total volume of industrial products is accounted for non-ferrous metallurgy, light and food industries, electronics industry and home appliances.

Sumgait
Sumgait, officially Sumqayit; /ˌsuːmɡɑːˈiːt/; (Azerbaijani: Sumqayıt, Azerbaijani: [sumɡɑˈjɯt] ⓘ) is a city in Azerbaijan, located near the Caspian Sea, on the Absheron Peninsula, about 31 kilometres (19 miles) away from the capital Baku. The city had a population of 427,000 at the beginning of 2024, making it the second largest city in Azerbaijan after Baku.

The city has a territory of 83 square kilometres (32 sq mi). It was founded as a suburb of Baku in 1944 and received city status on 22 November 1949, growing into a major industrial center during the Soviet period. The municipality of Sumgait also includes the settlements of Jorat and Haji Zeynalabdin. It is home to Sumqayit State University.

The city is best known internationally for where the Sumgait pogrom took place in 1988, in which local Armenian populations were killed or forced to relocate due to threats of violence.
Norman Long (anthropologist)
Norman Long (born 1936) is a British anthropologist. He has conducted important fieldwork and made significant theoretical contributions through his  application of insights from social anthropology in development studies. Anthropology was, in the wake of decolonisation, often seen as tainted by colonialism and not relevant in development discourse. Long offered another perspective that was unbound by time and place. He advocated an actor-oriented perspective on development and thus formulated a critique on centralist biases in development theory.

Social anthropology
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In the United States, social anthropology is commonly subsumed within cultural anthropology or sociocultural anthropology.
1948 Northwestern Wildcats football team
The 1948 Northwestern Wildcats football team represented Northwestern University in the 1948 Big Nine Conference football season. The Wildcats won their first Rose Bowl in program history.

Northwestern finished the season with an 8–2 record, losing only to perennial powerhouses Michigan, 28–0, and Notre Dame, 17–12. Northwestern blanked UCLA, 19–0, Purdue, 21–0, and Syracuse, 48–0. The Wildcats rallied from three turnovers and a 16-point deficit to defeat Minnesota, 19–16, and beat Ohio State, 21–7, Wisconsin, 16–7, and Illinois, 20–7. Big Nine Conference rules prevented conference champion Michigan from making a successive trip to the Rose Bowl, so second-place Northwestern won the bid instead.

1948 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1948 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1948 Big Nine Conference football season. In their 14th year under head coach Bernie Bierman, the Golden Gophers compiled a 7–2 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 203 to 94.

Guard Leo Nomellini was named All-American by Walter Camp Football Foundation, Associated Press (AP), Collier's Weekly/Grantland Rice, The Sporting News, INS, Look Magazine, Football Writers Association of America and the American Football Coaches Association. Nomellini and end Bud Grant were also named All-Big Ten.

Halfback Ev Faunce was awarded the Team MVP Award.

Total attendance for the season was 308,556, which averaged to 61,711. The season high for attendance was against Purdue.
Edward C. Campbell
Edward Clarke Campbell (1806 – January 18, 1860) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Canada West. He represented the town of Niagara (now Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario) in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1842.

Niagara (Province of Canada electoral district)
Niagara was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West (now Ontario). It was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Niagara was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.  It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario.
Canton of Fougères-1
The canton of Fougères-1 is an administrative division of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, in northwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Fougères.

It consists of the following communes:

Fougères
Fougères (French: [fuʒɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Felger; Gallo: Foujerr) is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, located in Brittany, northwestern France. As of 2017, Fougères had 20,418 inhabitants. The Fougères area comprises approximately 88,000 inhabitants and is currently growing, unlike the town centre.
Madison National Forest
Madison National Forest was established as the Madison Forest Reserve by the United States General Land Office in Montana on August 16, 1902, with 736,000 acres (2,980 km2). After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On December 16, 1931, Madison was divided between Beaverhead, Gallatin and Deerlodge National Forests and the name was discontinued.

National forest (United States)
In the United States, national forest is a classification of protected and managed federal lands that are largely forest and woodland areas. They are owned collectively by the American people through the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, a division of the United States Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Forest Service is also a forestry research organization that provides financial assistance to the state and local forestry industry. There are 154 national forests in the United States.
Luis Arturo Paiva
Luis Arturo Paiva Renfigo (born 22 September 1987) is a Venezuelan Paralympic athlete who competes in international elite competitions in sprinting and middle-distance running events. He is a Parapan American Games champion and is also a Paralympic and World silver medalist.

World Para Athletics Championships
The World Para Athletics Championships, known as the IPC Athletics World Championships prior to 2017, are a biennial Paralympic athletics event organized by World Para Athletics, a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). It features athletics events contested by athletes with physical disabilities. The first IPC Athletics World Championships were held in Berlin, Germany in 1994.

They are a Paralympic parallel to the World Athletics Championships for able-bodied athletes. Since 2011, when they switched from a quadrennial scheduling to biennial, the IPC championships have been held in the same years as the IAAF championships, although they are separate events and are not necessarily held in the same host city. In 2017, London, which previously hosted the 2012 Summer Paralympics, became the first city to host both the IAAF World Championships and World Para Athletics Championships in the same year and as connected events.
2021 York City Knights season
In the 2021 rugby league season, York City Knights competed in the 2021 RFL Championship, the 2021 Challenge Cup and the 2021 RFL 1895 Cup. It was the first season that the club played at the York Community Stadium. At the RFL end of year awards York was named as the Championship Club of the Year.

2021 Challenge Cup
The 2021 Challenge Cup, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2021 Betfred Challenge Cup, was the 120th edition of the Challenge Cup, the main rugby league knockout tournament in British rugby league run by the Rugby Football League (RFL). This year's competition will be contested between only the professional clubs.

The competition was won by St Helens who beat Castleford 26–12 at Wembley Stadium on 17 July 2021.

Leeds Rhinos were the defending champions, after defeating Salford Red Devils 17–16 in the 2020 final. However, they were eliminated in round 3, after losing 18–24 to St Helens.
Private Domain
Private Domain is an American pop/rock band. The band originated in San Diego, USA in 1985 (see 1985 in music). The band's members are songwriter Paul Shaffer (vocals; not to be confused with Paul Shaffer of the Late Show with David Letterman), songwriter Jack Butler (guitar), Jim Reeves (bass) and Matt Taylor (drums). Shaffer and Butler previously played together in the pop rock/reggae rock band Bratz, which released two albums, Bratz in 1980 and Absolute perfection in 1983.

Pato Banton was hired to rap on a Private Domain song written by Butler/Shaffer called "Absolute Perfection" also found on his 1987 album "Never Give In".

Paul Shaffer
Paul Allen Wood Shaffer CM (born November 28, 1949) is a Canadian musician, actor, and comedian who served as David Letterman's musical director, bandleader, and sidekick on Late Night with David Letterman (1982–1993) and Late Show with David Letterman (1993–2015).
Scrivener (software)
Scrivener (/ˈskrɪvənər/) is a word-processing program and outliner designed for writers. Scrivener provides a management system for documents, notes and metadata. This allows the user to organize notes, concepts, research, and whole documents for easy access and reference (documents including rich text, images, PDF, audio, video, and web pages). Scrivener offers templates for screenplays, fiction, and non-fiction manuscripts. After writing a text, the user may export it for final formatting to a standard word processor, screenwriting software, desktop publishing software, or TeX.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Inva Mula
Inva Mula (born 27 June 1963) is an Albanian opera lyric soprano. She began her soprano career at a very early age. Her father (Avni Mula) and mother (Nina Mula) were also opera singers. She is also known for providing the voice of the diva Plavalaguna in the film The Fifth Element.

Lyric soprano
A lyric soprano is a type of operatic soprano voice that has a warm quality with a bright, full timbre that can be heard over an orchestra. The lyric soprano voice generally has a higher tessitura than a soubrette and usually plays ingenues and other sympathetic characters in opera. Lyric sopranos have a range from approximately middle C (C4) to "high D" (D6). This is the most common female singing voice. There is a tendency to divide lyric sopranos into two groups: light and full.
Mishima-Futsukamachi Station
Mishima-Futsukamachi Station (三島二日町駅, Mishimafutsukamachi-eki) is a railway station located in an industrial area of the city of Mishima, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan operated by the private railroad company Izuhakone Railway.

Izuhakone Railway
The Izuhakone Railway (伊豆箱根鉄道, Izu Hakone Tetsudō) is a private railway company in Kanagawa Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The company also operates excursion ships, and the group companies operate buses and taxis. The company has its roots in Zusō Railway (豆相鉄道, Zusō Tetsudō) founded in 1893. Izuhakone Railway is a member of Seibu group. The Daiyūzan Line accepts PASMO, a smart card ticketing system.
Raffaele Cecco
Raffaele Cecco (born 10 May 1967) is a British video games developer who has created numerous video games since 1984, including Cybernoid and Exolon. He grew up in Tottenham in North London. Spurred by an interest in computers, he received his first computer, a Sinclair ZX81, as a birthday gift from his parents in 1981 and began programming simple games in BASIC.

Due to the popularity of Cecco's video games, he was asked to write a monthly diary for CRASH magazine, the first instalment being 15 April 1988. The diary documented the development of Stormlord.

Crash (magazine)
Crash, stylized as CRASH, is a magazine dedicated to the ZX Spectrum home computer, primarily focused on games. It was published from 1984 to 1991 by Newsfield Publications Ltd until their liquidation, and then until 1992 by Europress. It was relaunched as a quarterly A5 magazine in December 2020 with the backing of the original founders.

The magazine was launched to cater for the booming Spectrum games market. It was immediately popular owing to its quality of writing and distinctive, though occasionally controversial, artwork created by Oliver Frey. By 1986 it had become the biggest-selling British computer magazine with over 100,000 copies sold monthly, but struggled towards the end of the decade after other magazines put cassettes of games on the front cover. In the 2010s, a number of retrospective issues were created via a kickstarter campaign leading to the new publication by Fusion Retro.
Aspinoceras
Aspinoceras is an extinct genus of heteromorph ammonites that lived during the Early Cretaceous.  The shell small; starts off with a few loosely wound whorls not in contact followed by a short moderately curved shaft ending in a broad hook. Surface covered with mostly fine, close spaced ribs, with periodic larger ribs. In general form it resembles Ancyloceras.

Aspinoceras has been found in upper Hauterivian - lower Barremian formations in Europe and California.

Hauterivian
The Hauterivian is, in the geologic timescale, an age in the Early Cretaceous Epoch or a stage in the Lower Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 132.6 ± 0.6 Ma and 125.77 (million years ago). The Hauterivian is preceded by the Valanginian and succeeded by the Barremian.
Stewart v. Abend
Stewart v. Abend, 495 U.S. 207 (1990), was a United States Supreme Court decision holding that a successor copyright owner (one who obtains ownership later on, such as the heirs of a copyright owner who dies) has the exclusive right to permit the creation and exploitation of derivative works, regardless of potentially conflicting agreements by prior copyright holders.

Derivative work
In copyright law, a derivative work is an expressive creation that includes major copyrightable elements of a first, previously created original work (the underlying work). The derivative work becomes a second, separate work independent from the first. The transformation, modification or adaptation of the work must be substantial and bear its author's personality sufficiently to be original and thus protected by copyright. Translations, cinematic adaptations and musical arrangements are common types of derivative works.

Most countries' legal systems seek to protect both original and derivative works. They grant authors the right to impede or otherwise control their integrity and the author's commercial interests. Derivative works and their authors benefit in turn from the full protection of copyright without prejudicing the rights of the original work's author.
1961 Lombank Trophy
The 2nd Lombank Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 26 March 1961 at Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit, England. The race was run over 37 laps of the circuit, and was won by Australian driver Jack Brabham in a Cooper T53.

This was the first Formula One event in Europe to be run to the new 1.5 litre rules, and the field was bolstered by a number of Intercontinental Formula cars, i.e. cars that conformed to the old 2.5 litre Formula One. Only two of the Intercontinental Formula cars finished the race, but they were a lap ahead of the other finishers. Some of the cars conforming to the new Formula One regulations were converted Formula Two cars.

Cooper Car Company
The Cooper Car Company was a British car manufacturer founded in December 1947 by Charles Cooper and his son John Cooper.  Together with John's boyhood friend, Eric Brandon, they began by building racing cars in Charles's small garage in Surbiton, Surrey, England, in 1946. Through the 1950s and early 1960s they reached motor racing's highest levels as their mid-engined, single-seat cars competed in both Formula One and the Indianapolis 500, and their Mini Cooper dominated rally racing.  The Cooper name lives on in the Cooper versions of the Mini production cars that are built in England, but is now owned and marketed by BMW.
Japanese minelayer Sokuten
Two Japanese warships have borne the name Sokuten:

Japanese minelayer Sokuten (1913), a Sokuten-class auxiliary minelayer launched in 1913 and stricken in 1936

Japanese minelayer Sokuten (1938), a Sokuten-class minelayer launched in 1938 and sunk in 1944

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
2026 Copa de la Liga (Chile)
The 2026 Copa de la Liga will be the first edition of the Chilean Copa de la Liga, a football cup tournament for the 16 clubs participating in the Liga de Primera, organised by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP). The competition will be held from 16 March to 19 July 2026.

The creation of the competition was announced on 14 October 2025, following an agreement reached by the ANFP and Warner Bros. Discovery (owners of broadcaster TNT Sports), after the former was sentenced to pay USD 37 million to the latter in 2024 for breach of contract, owing to a decrease in the number of first division matches played as a result of the 2019 social outburst and the COVID-19 pandemic.

TNT Sports (Chile)
TNT Sports Chile is a privately owned sports pay TV channel of Chile. It launched in 2003 and it was controlled by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional, the Chilean football league after of the authorization of sale by the FNE (Fiscalia Nacional Económica) in Chile. Now is operated by Warner Bros. Discovery International. Originally called CDF (acronym of Canal del Fútbol), it was renamed on January 17, 2021.
Romuald Montézuma Gendron
Romuald Montézuma Gendron (4 December 1865 – 26 October 1946) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Sault-Montmorency, Canada East and became a contractor and farmer. He was the younger brother of Ferdinand-Ambroise Gendron, and his sister, Clara, married Simon Napoléon Parent.

The son of Ambroise Gendron Jr. and Esther Chamberland, he was educated in Quebec City and settled in Maniwaki. In 1899, Gendron married Corinne Joanis and had 3 children: Anne Marie, Joseph, and Simone. He was elected to Parliament at the Wright riding in the 1921 general election. After completing his only term, the 14th Canadian Parliament, Gendron left the House of Commons and did not seek another term in the 1925 election.

Gendron was also a Quebec Crown Lands agent from 1897 to 1921 and a Fish and Game warden from 1900 to 1921.

1925 Canadian federal election
The 1925 Canadian federal election was held on October 29, 1925, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 15th Parliament of Canada. The Conservative party took the most seats in the House of Commons, although not a majority. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party was invited to form a minority government. Unlike the Conservative party, King's Liberals had the conditional support of the many Farmer/Progressive MPs. As a result, this is the only election in which the party that won the most seats did not get to form a government afterward.

The government fell the following year. Governor General Baron Byng of Vimy offered the Conservatives under Meighen a chance to form government. This too fell in short order. Byng's action in refusing King's request became the main issue of the 1926 election under the name "King–Byng Affair".
Aagaard Islands
Aagaard Islands  also known as Bjarne Aagaard Islands or Ostrova B'yarne-Ogor, are a group of small islands lying to the west of Proclamation Island and Cape Batterbee, near the coast of Antarctica in the Southern Ocean.  They were discovered in January 1930 by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) under Sir Douglas Mawson, and were named after Bjarne Aagaard.

British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
The British Australian (and) New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) was a research expedition into Antarctica between 1929 and 1931, involving two voyages over consecutive Austral summers. The expedition was led by Australian geologist Sir Douglas Mawson.
Aalbers
Aalbers, Aalberse and Aalberts are Dutch patronymic surnames meaning "son of Aalbert". People with this name include:

Aalbers

Albert Aalbers (1897–1961), Dutch architect

Karel Aalbers (born 1949), Dutch businessman and president of football club Vitesse

Aalberse

Han B. Aalberse, pseudonym of Johannes van Keulen (1917–1983), Dutch writer

Piet Aalberse Sr. (1871–1948), Dutch Government Minister and Speaker of the House

Piet Aalberse (1910–1989), Dutch politician, son of the above

Aalberts

Arie Aalberts (born 1952), Dutch politician in Friesland

Jan Aalberts (born 1939), Dutch founder of Aalberts Industries

Albert (given name)
Albert is a masculine given name. It is derived from the Germanic Adalbert and Adelbert, containing the words adal ("noble") and beraht ("bright", compare Robert). It is also less commonly used as a surname. Feminine forms of the name, such as "Alberta" are relatively uncommon and are declining in use.
The Cavalier from Kruja
The Cavalier from Kruja (Italian: Il cavaliere di Kruja) is a 1940 Italian war film directed by Carlo Campogalliani and starring Doris Duranti, Antonio Centa and Leda Gloria. The film portrays the 1939 Italian invasion of Albania. It was made as a propaganda work in support of Benito Mussolini's dictatorship.

Italian invasion of Albania
The Italian invasion of Albania was a brief military campaign which was launched by Italy against Albania in 1939. The conflict was a result of the imperialistic policies of the Italian prime minister and dictator Benito Mussolini. Albania was rapidly occupied, its ruler King Zog I went into exile in the neighboring Kingdom of Greece, and the country was made a part of the Italian Empire as a protectorate in personal union with the Italian Crown.
LATAM Cargo
LATAM Cargo can refer to a number of airlines, all members of the LATAM Airlines Group, based in Santiago, Chile, with subsidiaries across the rest of Latin America:

LATAM Cargo Brasil

LATAM Cargo Chile

LATAM Cargo Colombia

LATAM Cargo Mexico

LATAM Cargo Chile
LATAM Cargo Chile (formerly LAN Cargo S.A.) is a cargo airline based in Santiago, Chile and the freight subsidiary of the LATAM Airlines Group. It is operating cargo flights within South America, to Europe and North America from its hubs at Miami International Airport and Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

It is a sister company of LATAM Cargo Brasil and LATAM Cargo Colombia.