hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jaff (tribe)
The Jaff tribe, (Kurdish: جاف) is one of the largest Kurdish tribal confederations. It is a dynasty that originated in the year 1114 by Zaher Beg Jaff. Other important leaders were Mohamed Pasha Jaff, Lady Adela, Osman Pasha Jaff, and Mahmud Pasha Jaff. Their ancestral home is Sherwana Castle. The Ottoman Empire bestowed on them the name Pasha, a noble title, in the 1700s. They are the biggest Kurdish tribe in the Middle East with approximately 4 million people, and they speak Babani Sorani.

Pasha
Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: پاشا; Turkish: paşa; Arabic: باشا, romanized: basha) was a high rank, aristocratic title in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries, and others  issued by the Sultan carrying the tughra (imperial seal). Pasha, in one of its various ranks, is equivalent to the British title of Lord. Pasha was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt and it was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district.
William Oxley (Canadian politician)
William Oxley (unknown – unknown) was a manufacturer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1890 to 1894 as a Liberal Conservative member. He was elected in the 1890 Nova Scotia general election but was unsuccessful in the 1894 Nova Scotia general election.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Richard Jackson (cricketer)
Richard Neville Jackson (born 8 December 1979) is an English cricketer.  Jackson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born at Sittingbourne, Kent.

Jackson represented the Sussex Cricket Board in 4 List A matches.  These came against Shropshire and Gloucestershire in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy and the Essex Cricket Board and Wales Minor Counties in the 1st and 2nd rounds of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2001.  In his 4 List A matches, he scored 56 runs at a batting average of 14.00, with a high score of 22.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Kecskemét
Kecskemét (US: /ˈkɛtʃkɛmeɪt/ KETCH-kem-ayt Hungarian: [ˈkɛt͡ʃkɛmeːt]) is a city with county rights in central Hungary. It is the eighth-largest city in the country, and the county seat of Bács-Kiskun.

Kecskemét lies halfway between the capital Budapest and the country's third-largest city, Szeged, 86 kilometres (53 miles) from both of them and almost equal distance from the two big rivers of the country, the Danube and the Tisza. It is the northern of two centres of the Hungarian Southern Great Plain (Hungarian: Dél-Alföld) region (comprising the three counties Bács-Kiskun, Békés and Csongrád); the southern centre is Szeged, the seat of Csongrád county.

Csongrád-Csanád County
Csongrád-Csanád (Hungarian: Csongrád-Csanád vármegye [ˈt͡ʃoŋɡraːd ˈt͡ʃɒnaːd]) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in southern Hungary, straddling the river Tisza, on the border with Serbia and Romania. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Bács-Kiskun County, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County and Békés. The administrative centre of Csongrád-Csanád county is Szeged. The county is also part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Seafarer 23 Kestrel
The Seafarer 23 Kestrel is a Dutch trailerable sailboat that was designed by Sparkman & Stephens in daysailer and cruiser models, first built in 1963.

The Seafarer 23 Kestrel is often confused with the 1978 Seafarer 23 Challenger and the 1976 Seafarer 23.

Day sailer
A daysailer, day sailer,  or dayboat is a small compact sailboat with or without sleeping accommodations but which is larger than a dinghy. Dayboats can be monohull or multihull, and are typically trailer-able.  Many dayboats have a small cabin or "cuddy" for storage and to provide shelter, or for sleeping in, but which is not always large enough to stand erect in.

Dayboats' greater stability also distinguishes them from dinghies and are generally sailed more like a small yacht than a dinghy. For example, although crew weight may well be shifted to increase performance, this is not crucial to stability, as it is in a dinghy. The distinction between keelboats and day sailers is not always clear. Generally a keelboat is a large boat (over 27 feet (8.2m) and usually not trailer-able) used for longer trips, whereas daysailers, as the name implies, are used for trips less than 48 hours, often only a single day.
2008 Glasgow East by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Glasgow East was held on 24 July 2008, triggered by the resignation of incumbent Labour Party MP David Marshall, who stood down on health grounds. It was won by Scottish National Party candidate John Mason, who defeated Labour's Margaret Curran.

The election was significant as it was the second safe Labour seat to be contested, and to be lost, since a downturn in political fortunes for the incumbent Labour government under the premiership of Gordon Brown, and was also held in the wake of the resignation of Scottish Labour leader Wendy Alexander. The seat was the third-safest Labour seat in Scotland, and their 26th safest seat in the UK. Curran subsequently regained the seat for Labour at the 2010 general election.

Brown ministry
Gordon Brown formed the Brown ministry after being invited by Queen Elizabeth II to form a new government following the resignation of the previous Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair, on 27 June 2007. Brown formed his government over the course of the next day, with Jacqui Smith being appointed the United Kingdom's first female Home Secretary.

Following the 2010 general election, which resulted in a hung parliament, the government briefly remained in an acting capacity while negotiations to form a new government took place. After talks between the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats broke down and a Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition looked imminent, Brown resigned as prime minister on 11 May 2010.
Mythicomycetaceae
The Mythicomycetaceae is a family of dark-spored agarics that have palely pigmented spores which lack germ pores. The two genera are monotypic and share features such as horn-like dark stems, pigmented mycelium at their bases, and are small brown mushrooms in north temperate forests. The family is closely related to the Psathyrellaceae.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
Oriani
Oriani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Oriani (1852–1909), Italian author

Barnaba Oriani, Italian priest and astronomer

Carlo Oriani, Italian cyclist

Constanza Oriani, Argentine fencer

Mario Oriani-Ambrosini, Italian-American lawyer

Richard Oriani, American chemist

Carlo Oriani
Carlo Oriani (5 November 1888 – 3 December 1917) was an Italian professional road racing cyclist. The highlight of his career was his overall win in the 1913 Giro d'Italia.

He died in the aftermath of the Battle of Caporetto from pneumonia contracted as a result of diving into the icy waters of the Tagliamento river to save a fellow retreating soldier.
Dieudonné determinant
In linear algebra, the Dieudonné determinant is a generalization of the determinant of a matrix to matrices over division rings and local rings. It was introduced by Dieudonné (1943).

If K is a division ring, then the Dieudonné determinant is a group homomorphism from the group GLn(K ) of invertible n-by-n matrices over K  onto the abelianization K ×/ [K ×, K ×] of the multiplicative group K × of K.

For example, the Dieudonné determinant for a 2-by-2 matrix is the residue class, in K ×/ [K ×, K ×], of

Group homomorphism
In mathematics, given two groups, (G,∗) and (H, ·), a group homomorphism from (G,∗) to (H, ·) is a function h : G → H such that for all u and v in G it holds that

where the group operation on the left side of the equation is that of G and on the right side that of H.

From this property, one can deduce that h maps the identity element eG of G to the identity element eH of H,

and it also maps inverses to inverses in the sense that

Hence one can say that h "is compatible with the group structure".

In areas of mathematics where one considers groups endowed with additional structure, a homomorphism sometimes means a map that respects not only the group structure (as above) but also the extra structure. For example, a homomorphism of topological groups is often required to be continuous.
Romania at the 2019 European Games
Romania competed at the 2019 European Games, in Minsk, Belarus from 21 to 30 June 2019. Romania previously competed at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, where it won 12 medals, including three golds.

2019 European Games
The 2nd European Games 2019 (Belarusian: II Еўрапейскія гульні, Jeŭrapiejskija huĺni 2019; Russian: II Европейские игры, Yevropeyskiye igry 2019), also known as the 2019 European Games or Minsk 2019 (Belarusian: Мінск 2019; Russian: Минск 2019), were held in Minsk, Belarus, from 21 June to 30 June 2019. The games featured 200 events in 15 sports (23 disciplines). Around 4,000 athletes from 50 countries participated. Ten of the sports offered qualification opportunities for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. The opening ceremony at the Dinamo Stadium was held on 21 June, and the closing ceremony at the same venue was held on 30 June.

The logo of the games was "paparać-kvietka"—a plant that plays an important role in the culture of the Slavs. The slogan of the event is "Bright Year, Bright You", which also makes reference to the national domain of the Republic of Belarus and the official international shortening—BY.
Haute Route (cycling)
Haute Route Cycling Series is a series of multi-day cyclosportive events held on mountain roads around the world.

The premiere event is the Haute Route Alps, a seven-day, 800 km event from Megève to Nice. The five-day events are the Haute Route Pyrenees (Girona to Pau) and Haute Route Dolomites (Cortina d'Ampezzo to Bormio). The three-day events are in Crans-Montana, Ventoux and Florianópolis.

The Haute Route Group was founded by Michael Hartweg. In February 2021, the Haute Route Group bought the Gravel Epic and Race Across France. In August 2021, the Haute Route Group was purchased by the Ironman Group.

Crans-Montana
Crans-Montana (French: [kʁɑ̃ mɔ̃tana]) is a municipality and ski resort in the predominantly French-speaking district of Sierre in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The municipality was formed through the merger of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne municipalities on 1 January 2017. The ski resort Crans-Montana was created through the fusion of the two centres of Crans and Montana, and is split between three municipalities, namely Crans-Montana, Icogne, and Lens.
Jack Hills mine
The Jack Hills mine is a haematite iron ore mine located 400 kilometres (250 mi) northeast of Geraldton and 165 kilometres (103 mi) northwest of Cue in the Mid West region of Western Australia. Murchison Metals began mining operations at Jack Hills on 21 September 2006, with a projected mine life of five years. The first shipment of ore was made in February 2007. Ore was trucked by road to the port of Geraldton for export. Mining was suspended in November 2012 and the project was placed on care and maintenance in June 2013.

The Jack Hills mine was initially owned and operated by Murchison Metals. Mitsubishi Corporation paid Murchison Metals A$150 million for an initial 50% stake in the mine in 2007 and a further A$325 million for the remainder in 2012. In 2019 the inactive project was sold to Sinosteel Ocean Capital.

Care and maintenance
Care and maintenance is a term used in the mining industry to describe processes and conditions on a closed mine site at which there is the potential to recommence operations at a later date.  During the care and maintenance phase, production is stopped but the site is managed to ensure it remains in a safe and stable condition.
Coney Island Baby (film)
Coney Island Baby is a 2003 comedy-drama in which film producer Amy Hobby made her directorial debut. Karl Geary wrote the film and Tanya Ryno was the film's producer. The music was composed by Ryan Shore. The film was shot in Sligo, Ireland, which is known locally as "Coney Island".

The film was screened at the Newport International Film Festival. Hobby won the Jury Award for "Best First Time Director".

The film made its premiere television broadcast on the Sundance Channel.

Sligo
Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/; Irish: Sligeach [ˈʃl̠ʲɪɟəx]; lit. 'abounding in shells') is a coastal seaport and the county town of County Sligo, Ireland, within the western province of Connacht. With a population of 20,608 in 2022, it is the county's largest urban centre (constituting 29.5% of the county's population) and the 24th largest in the Republic of Ireland.

Sligo is a commercial and cultural centre situated on the west coast of Ireland. Its surrounding coast and countryside, as well as its connections to the poet W. B. Yeats, have made it a tourist destination.
Lane Theater
The Lane Theater in Williamsburg, Kentucky, located at 508 Main St., is an Art Deco-style building which was built in 1948.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

The first-floor level of the facade "is covered in yellow and brown horizontal striped panels of enameled metal, accented with chrome"; the facade further above "is faced in vertical yellow and brown striped panels of enameled metal surrounding second floor glass block windows."

Williamsburg, Kentucky
Williamsburg is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Whitley County, on the southeastern border of Kentucky, United States. The population was 5,326 at the 2020 census. Developed along the Cumberland River, the city was founded in 1818 and named after William Whitley.
Akiki
Akiki is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dale Akiki (born 1957), American falsely accused church volunteer

Fadi Akiki, Lebanese military judge

Ramy Akiki (born 1982), Lebanese basketball player

Faith Chapel Church ritual abuse case
The Faith Chapel Church ritual abuse case was a case of a developmentally disabled individual charged with child sexual abuse in 1991 as part of the satanic ritual abuse moral panic. After a 9-month trial, the accused was found not guilty by the jury.
Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman
The Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman (CAO) is a recourse mechanism for projects supported by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) of the World Bank Group. It was established in 1999 and is based in Washington, D.C. Its formation was a concession to the anti-globalization movement to ensure accountability for World Bank-financed projects. The Mission of the CAO is to address complains of people affected by IFC and MIGA projects, and to improve the accountability of both institutions.

In 2014, the CAO reported that IFC funding was tied to the murder of Indigenous peoples in Honduras. Later in 2014, Osvaldo Gratacós became ombudsman. In September 2020, the CAO intensified its sexual assault investigation of the IFC-funded Bridge International Academies's schools in Kenya. In October 2020, Gratacós was replaced by Janine Ferretti.

Indigenous peoples of Honduras
According to Minority Rights Group International, the Indigenous tribes that live in Honduras include the Lenca (453,672), Miskito (80,007), Garifuna (43,111), Maya Ch'orti (33,256), Tolupan (19,033), Bay Creoles (12,337), Nahuas (6,339), Pech (6,024) and Tawahka (2,690).
Stanislav Petkov
Stanislav Petkov (Bulgarian: Станислав Петков; born (1987-12-31)31 December 1987) is a male Bulgarian volleyball player. He is part of the Bulgaria men's national volleyball team. On the club level he plays for Tomis.

Bulgaria men's national volleyball team
The Bulgaria men's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. The national team is controlled by the Bulgarian Volleyball Federation, the governing body for volleyball in Bulgaria.
Charlotte Moore (actress)
Charlotte Moore (born c. 1958) is a Canadian actress who has been performing for more than thirty years. Her acclaim includes a Dora Mavor Moore Award in 1990 for her performance as Janet in a Toronto production of The Rocky Horror Show.

Shaw Festival
The Shaw Festival is a charitable theatre festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. It is the second largest repertory theatre company in North America, second only to the Stratford Festival. The Shaw Festival was founded in 1962. Originally, it only featured productions written by George Bernard Shaw, but changes were later implemented by Christopher Newton and Jackie Maxwell that widened the theatre's scope. As of 2019, the theatre company was considered to be one of the largest 20 employers in the Niagara Region.
Bukovo monastery
The Bukovo Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Буково, romanized: Manastir Bukovo) is a late 13th- or early 14th century Serbian Orthodox monastery on the slopes of Bratujevac in Negotin, Serbia, founded by Serbian king Stefan Milutin (1282–1321) of the House of Nemanjić. Other sources state that, according to legend, it was founded by Nikodim I. It is surrounded by woods at the hill of Bratujevac, the frescoes in the monastery includes the Holy Mother in a circle of angels and Saint Michael. The bell was donated by Serbian Prince Miloš Obrenović (1815–1839) in the 1830s. Renovation was made in 1902; painting by Steva Todorović in the Romantic style, frescoes by Milisav Marković.

Stefan Milutin
Stefan Uroš II Milutin (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош II Милутин, romanized: Stefan Uroš II Milutin; c. 1253 – 29 October 1321), known posthumously as "the Holy King" (Свети краљ), was the King of Serbia between 1282–1321, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia in the Middle Ages and one of the most prominent European monarchs of his time. Milutin is credited with strongly resisting the efforts of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to impose Roman Catholicism on the Balkans after the Union of Lyons in 1274. During his reign, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly due to the development of mining. He founded Novo Brdo, which became an internationally important silver mining site. As most of the Nemanjić monarchs, he was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church with a feast day on October 30.
Minister for Civil Service Affairs
The Minister for Civil Service Affairs (Swedish: Civilminister), since 2010 called Minister for Public Administration, is a member of the Government of Sweden. The minister for civil service affairs was the head of the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs from 1840 to 1996. It was reintroduced as a minister without portfolio post in 2010. Its tasks includes government procurement and an overall responsibility for municipalities and regions.

Government of Sweden
The government of the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sveriges regering) is the national cabinet of Sweden, and the country's executive authority.

The government consists of the prime minister and their cabinet ministers (Swedish: statsråd). The government is responsible for its actions to the Riksdag.

The prime minister is nominated by the Speaker of the Riksdag, and is elected and discharged by vote of the Riksdag. The cabinet ministers are appointed and dismissed at the discretion of the prime minister. The Speaker shall discharge cabinet ministers that have lost a vote of confidence in the Riksdag.

The short-form name regeringen ("the government") is used both in the Basic Laws of Sweden and in the vernacular, while the long-form is only used in international treaties.
Seizō Yasunori
Sub Lieutenant Seizō Yasunori (安則 盛三, Yasunori Seizō; March 28, 1924 – May 11, 1945) was a Japanese student who joined the Imperial Japanese Navy. On May 11, 1945, he flew a kamikaze suicide mission against USS Bunker Hill during the Battle of Okinawa near the end of World War II.

Sub-lieutenant
Sub-lieutenant is usually a junior officer rank, used in armies, navies and air forces.

In most armies, sub-lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer rank. However, in Brazil, it is the highest non-commissioned rank, and in Spain, it is the second highest non-commissioned rank.

As a naval rank, a sub-lieutenant ranks below a lieutenant.
2015 Cape Town Cup
The 2015 Cape Town Cup was a pre-season men's football friendly tournament hosted by South African Premier Division club Ajax Cape Town and held at the Cape Town Stadium, the club's home ground.

The inaugural tournament took place on 24 July and 26 July 2015 and featured the hosts, Crystal Palace, Sporting CP and Supersport United.

The winner was Sporting CP after they beat Crystal Palace in the final. There was no 4th place due to a tie in the 3rd place match.

South African Premiership
The South African Premiership, also known as the Betway Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and commonly referred to as the PSL after its governing body, is a professional soccer league in South Africa and the highest level of the South African soccer league system. It has been organised since 1996.

The 2024–25 season started on 14 September 2024, Mamelodi Sundowns successfully defended the title in 2025 which they've held continuously since the 2017–18 season.