hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the history of Gibraltar
This timeline traces the history of Gibraltar from prehistoric times up to the modern era.

Gibraltar has a political and colonial history spanning  more than five centuries, with evidence of human habitation dating back at least 20,000 years. During the Middle Ages, it was ruled by a succession of Muslim states before coming under Spanish control and later by the Spaniards. In 1713, Gibraltar was ceded to the United Kingdom, and its ownership has remained a matter of controversy ever since, largely due to its strategic location. Spain continues to claim sovereignty over Gibraltar to this day.

Mayor of Gibraltar
The Mayor of Gibraltar is the ceremonial official of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The mayor is appointed by the elected Members of Parliament and the office is situated at City Hall John Mackintosh Square. Since 16 June 2025, Nicky Guerrero succeeded Carmen Gomez (theatre actress, author and Miss Gibraltar 1970) for the role.
Louis Moreau-Lislet
Louis Moreau-Lislet (Dondon, 7 October 1766 – New Orleans, 3 December 1832) was an American jurist and translator.

He is considered one of the fathers of the Louisiana Civil Code, which he drafted together with James Brown and Edward Livingston. Further, he served as Attorney General of the then Territory of Orleans.

He is interred at the Saint Louis Cemetery No. 1.

Territory of Orleans
The Territory of Orleans or Orleans Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from October 1, 1804, until April 30, 1812, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Louisiana.
2024 in Bangladesh
The following is a list of events of the year 2024 in Bangladesh.
2024 (MMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2024th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 24th  year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the  5th   year of the 2020s decade.

It follows 1430 and 1431 Baṅgābda (Bengali Year).
The year 2024 is the 53rd year of the independence of Bangladesh. The year is best known for the July Revolution, where country's longest-serving prime minister Sheikh Hasina was overthrown.

Obaidul Quader
Obaidul Quader (born 1 January 1952)  is a Bangladesh Awami League politician. He has served as the General Secretary of the Bangladesh Awami League since October 2016. He was previously the Minister of Road Transport and Bridges from 2011–2024 and represented the Noakhali-5 Jatiya Sangsad member from 2009–2024. He was also the Media Adviser for the Bangladesh Awami League and regularly conducted press conferences on their behalf. Quader also served as the State Minister for Youth and Sports between 1996 and 2001.

Obaidul Quader has been alleged as one of the key perpetrators of the July massacre. He is wanted by the Bangladesh Police on charges of crimes against humanity.

He was reported to have been seen in Kolkata, India on April 2025.
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering
The Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all aspects of microelectromechanical systems, devices and structures, as well as micromechanics, microengineering, and microfabrication. The editor-in-chief is Weileun Fang (National Tsing Hua University).

WeiLeun Fang
WeiLeun Fang from the National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for contributions to measurement methods and process technologies for micro-electromechanical systems.
James Warren (journalist)
James C. Warren (born January 4, 1953) is an American journalist, currently the executive editor of NewsGuard, which rates the credibility of news and information sites. Previously, he was chief media writer for the Poynter Institute, a national affairs columnist for U.S. News & World Report, and Washington Bureau chief for the New York Daily News. He previously served as a founder of the Chicago News Cooperative and wrote its twice-weekly column in the Chicago edition of The New York Times. He was the managing editor at the Chicago Tribune when he left the paper in 2008. He was the Tribune′s Washington bureau chief from 1993 to 2001, and he appeared for three years on CNN's "Capital Gang Sunday" and regularly on "The McLaughlin Group". He was Chicago editor for The Daily Beast and has written regularly for the Huffington Post and  The Atlantic Monthly, as well as for Vanity Fair. He appears regularly on MSNBC and WGN-TV in Chicago.

The McLaughlin Group
The McLaughlin Group was a syndicated half-hour weekly public affairs talk show television program in the United States, hosted by John McLaughlin from 1982 until his death in 2016. Prompted by the host, the group of four pundits discussed current political issues in a round table format. A revival reuniting the regular panelists aired intermittently between 2018 and 2020.
Sinks Canyon State Park
Sinks Canyon State Park is a public recreation and nature preservation area located in the Wind River Range, six miles (9.7 km) southwest of Lander, Wyoming, on Wyoming Highway 131. The state park is named for a portion of the Middle Fork of the Popo Agie River where it flows into an underground limestone cavern, named "the Sinks," and emerges a quarter-mile down the canyon in a pool named "the Rise." The park is managed by the Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites.

Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites
The Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites is the Wyoming state agency that administers its state parks. Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites maintains the 26 Wyoming Historical Landmarks.

Also known as Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails, the agency is headquartered in Cheyenne, Wyoming.
John Mark Dougan
John Mark Dougan, also known as BadVolf, (born 15 December 1976) is a former  US Marine, and American police officer who became a pro-Russian hacker, conspiracy theorist and orchestrator of mass online disinformation campaigns. Living in Russia since 2017, Dougan has repeatedly built up networks of disinformation websites attempting to influence western elections, and perceptions of western politicians however his schemes have repeatedly been exposed, and the fake websites he created connected to him, causing international condemnation both of him and of Russia.

Hacker
A hacker is a person skilled in information technology who achieves goals and solves problems by non-standard means. The term has become associated in popular culture with a security hacker – someone with knowledge of bugs or exploits to break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them. In a positive connotation, though, hacking can also be utilized by legitimate figures in legal situations. For example, law enforcement agencies sometimes use hacking techniques to collect evidence on criminals and other malicious actors. This could include using anonymity tools (such as a VPN or the dark web) to mask their identities online and pose as criminals.

Hacking can also have a broader sense of any roundabout solution to a problem, or programming and hardware development in general, and hacker culture has spread the term's broader usage to the general public even outside the profession or hobby of electronics (see life hack).
Merrivale
Merrivale is a placename:

South Africa

Merrivale, KwaZulu-Natal is a small town in the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal Province

Merrivale, Gauteng was a small gold mining town in Gauteng but now a military facility.

Merrivale, Durban is a suburb of Durban

United Kingdom

Merrivale, Devon, hamlet with nearby neolithic stone rows (formerly also spelled Merivale)

Merrivale, Herefordshire, a suburb of Ross-on-Wye

Merrivale, Devon
Merrivale (formerly also Merivale) is a locality in western Dartmoor, in the West Devon district of Devon, England. It is best known for the nearby series of Bronze Age megalithic monuments to the south and a former granite quarry.
Mt. Pleasant Winery Historic District
Mt. Pleasant Winery Historic District is a historic winery and national historic district located at Augusta, St. Charles County, Missouri. The district encompasses a frame half-timber house (c. 1859) with brick outbuilding (c. 1880); a brick winery building (1881) with a stone well house (1881); and wine cellars (c. 1865).  The winery building measures approximately 24 feet by 62 feet, 6 inches, with a 15 foot by 17 foot extension leading to the wine cellars.  The wine cellars feature brick floors and brick barrel vaults supported by stone walls.: 5

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

St. Charles County, Missouri
St. Charles County is located in the central eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 405,262, making it Missouri's third-most populous county. Its county seat is St. Charles. The county was organized October 1, 1812, and named for Saint Charles Borromeo, an Italian cardinal.

St. Charles County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains many of the city's northwestern suburbs. The wealthiest county in Missouri, St. Charles County is one of the nation's fastest-growing counties.

St. Charles County includes a part of the Augusta AVA, an area of vineyards and wineries designated by the federal government in 1980 as the first American Viticultural Area. The county's rural outer edge along the south-facing bluffs above the Missouri River, is also part of the broader Missouri Rhineland.
Katashi Inoue
Katashi Inoue (Japanese: 井上 硬, Hepburn: Inoue Katashi, July 4, 1894  – October 4, 1969) was a Japanese medical scientist from Okayama Prefecture. He served as a professor at the Kyoto Imperial University Faculty of Medicine and, following the postwar educational reforms, at the restructured Faculty of Medicine of Kyoto University. Inoue was appointed director of the Institute for Virus Research and served as the 16th director of the Kyoto University Hospital, concurrently acting as a university councilor. He was later named professor emeritus of Kyoto University.

Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine (京都大学大学院医学研究科・医学部) is one of the schools at Kyoto University. The Faculty and the Graduate School operate as one.

According to the QS World University Rankings for Medicine 2020, Kyoto University is ranked second in Japan after the University of Tokyo.

Professor Shinya Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for his work on iPS cells. Also, Prof. Emer. Tasuku Honjo, who is also a graduate of Kyoto University, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018 for his discovery and theory of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Carlo Giuseppe Bertero
Luigi Carlo Giuseppe Bertero (b. Santa Vittoria d'Alba, October 14, 1789 d. April 1831, – South Pacific Ocean) was an Italian physicist, physician, naturalist, botanist, bryologist and pteridologist. He explored the West Indies between 1816 and 1821 coinciding with the Venezuelan scientist and later president, José María Vargas in Puerto Rico although there is no evidence of any exchange between them. During his two voyages, February 1828 to September 1830 and between March and May 1830, he collected and described the  flora of Chile. He also examined plants native to the Pacific island of Juan Fernandez, as well as Guadeloupe, Haiti, Puerto Rico, and Colombia. He is  presumed lost in a shipwreck while sailing from Tahiti to Chile.
Bertero´s herbarium specimens were bought after his death by the joint stock company Unio Itineraria and distributed among its members in the exsiccata-like series Unio itineraria 1835.

Bryology
Bryology (from Greek bryon, a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts). Bryologists are botanists who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. The field is often studied along with lichenology due to the similar appearance and ecological niche of the two organisms, even though bryophytes and lichens are not classified in the same kingdom.
The World of Wodehouse
The World of Wodehouse is a comedy television series, based on the Blandings Castle and Ukridge stories written by P. G. Wodehouse.

The series, which followed the television series The World of Wooster, was shown on BBC Television. It consisted of two series, the 1967 Blandings Castle series (six episodes) and the 1968 Ukridge series (seven episodes).

Apart from one or more extracts from one episode of Blandings Castle ("Lord Emsworth and the Girl Friend"), all episodes of both Blandings Castle and Ukridge are lost.

Lost television broadcast
Lost television broadcasts are television programs that were not preserved after their original airing, rendering them permanently unavailable for both public and private screening. Because of this, they are considered a form of lost media, particularly affecting television shows or films that aired before the widespread use of home video recording and digital archiving. A significant portion of early television programming was never recorded, largely because recording equipment was unavailable or the content was considered to have little monetary or historical value.
Royal A. Stone
Royal Augustus Stone (June 26, 1875 – September 13, 1942) was an American jurist.

Born in Le Sueur, Minnesota, Stone moved with his parents to Morris, Minnesota. After finishing high school at the academy at Carleton College, he went to University of Minnesota. He then went to the Washington University School of Law and received his law degree in 1897.

Stone was admitted to the Minnesota bar and served as the Morris village attorney in 1897. After a year of practicing law, he served in the United States Army during the Spanish–American War and World War I. From 1905 to 1907, Stone served as an assistant attorney general for the state of Minnesota. He then practiced law in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Stone served on the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1923 until his death in 1942. He died in a hospital in Saint Paul, Minnesota of a heart ailment only five days after he was renominated for reelection.

Minnesota Supreme Court
The Minnesota Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The court hears cases in the Supreme Court chamber in the Minnesota State Capitol or in the nearby Minnesota Judicial Center.
2022 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles
Liudmila Samsonova defeated Zheng Qinwen in the final, 7–5, 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Pan Pacific Open. She did not drop a set en route to her third title of the season. By reaching her first WTA Tour final as a 19-year-old, Zheng became the first Chinese teenager to contest a WTA singles final.

Naomi Osaka was the defending champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but withdrew from her second round match against Beatriz Haddad Maia.

Beatriz Haddad Maia
Beatriz "Bia" Haddad Maia (Brazilian Portuguese: [beaˈtɾiz ʁaˈdadʒi ˈmajɐ]; born 30 May 1996) is a Brazilian professional tennis player. She reached career-high rankings of world No. 10 in singles and doubles by the WTA, becoming the first Brazilian woman to enter the top 10 in singles in the Open Era. Her most notable results are a major semifinal at the 2023 French Open and a major quarterfinal at the 2024 US Open. She was also a runner-up with Anna Danilina in a major doubles event, at the 2022 Australian Open. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Brazil.

Haddad Maia has won twelve WTA Tour titles, four in singles and eight in doubles.

Playing for the Brazil Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 33–14 (12–2 in doubles) as of August 2025.
Georgi Vasilyev
Georgi Nikolayevich Vasilyev (Russian: Гео́ргий Никола́евич Васи́льев) (25 November 1899 – 18 June 1946) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter and actor. From 1928 to 1943, together with Sergei Vasilyev (often jointly, though incorrectly credited as Vasilyev brothers), he co-directed several films, including an influential and critically acclaimed Chapaev (1934). Georgi Vasilyev received two Stalin Prizes in 1941 and 1942.

1928 in film
The following is an overview of 1928 in film, including significant events, a list of films released and notable births and deaths. Although some films released in 1928 had sound, most were still silent. This year is notable for the introduction of the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company, Mickey Mouse, in the animated short Steamboat Willie, the first film to include a soundtrack completely created in post production.
MEPs Against Cancer
MEPs Against Cancer is a group of 23 Members of the European Parliament who aim to "promote action on cancer as an EU priority and harness European health policy to that end" and to encourage every country to develop a national plan for combating cancer.

During the 2019–2024 parliament, the group was chaired by Cypriot MEP Loukas Fourlas and French MEP Véronique Trillet-Lenoir until her death in 2023. The members of the group came from 25 EU member states and all EU parliament groups.

In the incumbent 2024–2029 parliament, the group has 23 MEPs from 19 member states. Croatian MEP Romana Jerković is the current chair of the group.

Romana Jerković
Romana Jerković (born 28 November 1964) is a Croatian politician of the Social Democratic Party currently serving her second term as a Member of the European Parliament for Croatia since February 2020, when Croatia gained one more EP seat due to Brexit. She was re-elected at the 2024 European Parliament election.

Before becoming an MEP she was a member of the Croatian Parliament from 2008 to 2020 and deputy mayor of Rijeka from 2006 to 2009.
Quai d'Orsay (comics)
Quai d'Orsay is a 2010 comic book by Abel Lanzac (pseudonym for Antonin Baudry) and illustrator Christophe Blain, published by Dargaud in two volumes.

The book is inspired by Baudry's experiences as a senior diplomat at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (known colloquially as Quai d'Orsay, after its location in Paris) where he worked as former foreign minister Dominique de Villepin's speechwriter for several years.

The second volume won the Fauve d'or award at the Angoulême International Comics Festival in 2013.

The comic was adapted by its authors into a 2013 film titled The French Minister, directed by veteran French film-maker Bertrand Tavernier.

In 2014, an English translation was released, under the name Weapons of Mass Diplomacy.

Angoulême International Comics Festival
The Angoulême International Comics Festival (AICF; French: Festival international de la bande dessinée d'Angoulême, FIBD), held in Angoulême, France, is the second largest comics festival in Europe after the Lucca Comics & Games of Italy, and the third biggest in the world after Lucca and the Comiket of Japan. It has occurred every year since 1974, on the last weekend of January; the 2026 edition was cancelled amidst an artists' boycott to the festival organizer 9emeArt+, accused of mismanagement.
Unit (Norway)
Unit, which labels itself as the Norwegian "directorate for ICT and joint services in higher education and research", is the government directorate within the Ministry of Education and Research which provides governance of and access to shared information and communications technology (ICT) services. Unit was created on January 1, 2018, following a merger of BIBSYS, CERES and parts of Uninett.

Ministry of Education and Research (Norway)
The Royal Ministry of Education and Research (Norwegian: Kunnskapsdepartementet, KD; full name: Det kongelige kunnskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry responsible for education, research and kindergartens. The ministry was established in 1814 as the Royal Ministry of Church and Education Affairs.

The current Minister of Education is Kari Nessa Nordtun and the current Minister of Research and Higher Education is Sigrun Gjerløw Aasland, both of whom are of the Labour Party The department reports to the legislature (Stortinget).
Al Ferof
Al Ferof (30 March 2005) is a retired French-bred British-based National Hunt horse owned by John Hales. He was initially trained by Barry Murphy in wexford for Martin Timothy Murphy. He was then  trained by Paul Nicholls and won the 2011 Supreme Novices’ Hurdle at the Cheltenham Festival before progressing to chasing the following season, where he won several top races including the Paddy Power Gold Cup. He moved to the stable of Dan Skelton in 2015 and won the Peterborough Chase for his new trainer. Al Ferof was retired from racing in October 2016.

Newbury Racecourse
Newbury Racecourse is a racecourse and events venue in the civil parish of Greenham, adjoining the town of Newbury in Berkshire, England.  It has courses for flat races and over jumps. It hosts one of Great Britain's 36 annual Group 1 flat races, the Lockinge Stakes.

The racecourse is noted for its proximity to the Lambourn training centre, which means that the course is often home to locally-grown talent as well as attracting horses from further afield. Newbury's major races include the Lockinge Stakes and its most famous race, the Coral Gold Cup (formerly known as the Hennessy Gold Cup).
Infinity Power Chutes
Infinity Power Chutes, LLC is an American aircraft manufacturer currently based in Uniondale, Indiana and headed by Frank Williams since 2019. It was originally located in Bronson, Michigan then moved to Sturgis, Michigan. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of powered parachutes in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft under the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight and the American light-sport aircraft categories.

Infinity is a limited liability company.

The company currently offers two models of powered parachute, the Infinity Commander two seat light sport aircraft and the Infinity Challenger single-seater. The US Federal Aviation Administration had 191 aircraft made by Infinity registered in July 2015.

Sturgis, Michigan
Sturgis is a city in St. Joseph County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 11,082 at the 2020 census.  The city is located at the northeast corner of Sturgis Township and at the intersection of US 12 and M-66. Sturgis is just north of the Michigan–Indiana border and the I-80/90 Indiana Toll Road.

Sturgis has been assigned a ZIP code of 49091.
Aditya Prakash (badminton)
Aditya Prakash (born 7 September 1990) is an Indian badminton player who currently plays singles. He was part of the national team that won the gold medal at the 2010 South Asian Games in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He competed at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games in Pune, won the gold medal in the team event and the silver medal in the boys' singles.

2008 Commonwealth Youth Games
The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games (Hindi: 2008 कॉमनवेल्थ यूथ गेम्स), officially known as the III Commonwealth Youth Games, and commonly known as Pune 2008, a regional sporting event that was held from 12 to 18 October 2008 in Pune, India, a city in the state of Maharashtra. They were the third Commonwealth Youth Games, which are held every four years; they were the first Commonwealth Youth Games to be held in Asia.

The III Commonwealth Youth Games were conducted from 12 to 18 October 2008. Over 1,300 athletes and 350 officials from 71 countries participated in these games.

The III Commonwealth Youth Games is unique for its green theme, which permeates all aspects of the Games. A special drive is being conducted by the game organisers to create a "save the tigers" campaign to promote awareness of the critical state of the Indian tiger.