hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al Wukits
Albert Robert Wukits (December 16, 1917 – October 15, 1978) was a professional football player in both the National Football League (NFL) and the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). During his time in the NFL, Wukits played for the "Steagles", which was the temporary merger of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Philadelphia Eagles, in 1943 and "Card-Pitt", the temporary merger of the Steelers and Chicago Cardinals, in 1944. These two teams were the result of temporary mergers brought on the league-wide manning shortages associated with World War II.

However Wukits also played for the Steelers in 1945. In 1946 he left the NFL for the AAFC, where he split that season between playing for the Miami Seahawks and Buffalo Bisons.

Steagles
The Steagles, officially known as the Phil-Pitt Combine, was the team created by the temporary merger of Pennsylvania's two National Football League (NFL) teams, the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Philadelphia Eagles, during the 1943 season. The two franchises were compelled to field a single combined team, due to both having many players leave for military service during World War II. The league's official record book refers to the team as the "Phil-Pitt Combine", but the unofficial and portmanteau variation of the "Steagles", despite never being registered by the NFL, has become the enduring moniker.
Ossola Partisan Republic
The Ossola Republic was a partisan republic that was established in northern Italy on September 10, 1944 and recaptured by the fascists on October 23, 1944. Unlike other partisan republics, the Ossola Republic was able, in little more than a month of existence, to cope not only with the contingencies imposed by the state of war, but also to give itself an articulate organization, with the establishment of the Provisional Government Council of Domodossola and the liberated zone (G.P.G.). During the albeit brief Forty Days of Freedom, illustrious figures such as Umberto Terracini, Piero Malvestiti and Gianfranco Contini collaborated on the drafting of democratically oriented reforms, which would later inspire the drafting of the Italian Constitution.

The history of the Ossola Republic was told in Leandro Castellani's screenplay Forty Days of Freedom and Giorgio Bocca's book A Partisan Republic (1964). A very detailed narrative is also found in Eugenio Corti's novel The Red Horse.

The Red Horse
The Red Horse (Italian: Il cavallo rosso, 1983) is an epic novel written by Eugenio Corti that follows an industrial family, the Rivas, in Nomana starting from the end of May 1940 through World War II and the new democratic Italy.

The book is divided in three parts:

The Red Horse,

The Pale Horse, and

The Tree of Life.

The book is a metaphor for the genesis of the new democratic Italy that arose out of the ashes of the chaos of pre-fascist, fascist and war-torn Italy. The new Italy is governed by division and loss of conservative Christian values and the question is posed by Michele Tintori if the chaos is a result of this loss. It was translated into English and published by Ignatius Press in 2002.
Imperatorin
Imperatorin is a furocoumarin and a phytochemical that has been isolated from Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae), Angelica archangelica, Angelica dahurica, Glehnia littoralis, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Cnidium monnieri, Incarvillea younghusbandii, and Zanthoxylum americanum mill. It is biosynthesized from umbelliferone, a coumarin derivative.

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica, commonly known as Dahurian angelica, is a widely grown species of angelica native to Siberia, Russia Far East, Mongolia, Northeastern China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. This species tend to grow near river banks, along streams and among rocky shrubs. The root of the plant is widely used for its medicinal properties and is known to contain furanocoumarins and angelicotoxin.

Angelica dahurica is also commonly known as Chinese angelica, the garden angelica, root of the Holy Ghost, and wild angelica, as well as by its Chinese name, bai zhi (白芷).
Louise de Montmorency
Louise de Montmorency (1496 – 12 June 1547) was a French aristocrat and courtier. She served as Première dame d'honneur from 1530 to 1535 to the Queen of France, Eleanor of Austria, spouse to Francis I of France. She also played an important role within patronage and as a supporter of Calvinism.

Eleanor of Austria
Eleanor of Austria (15 November 1498 – 25 February 1558), also called Eleanor of Castile, was Queen of Portugal from 1518 to 1521 as the wife of King Manuel I and Queen of France from 1530 to 1547 as the wife of King Francis I. She also held the Duchy of Touraine (1547–1558) in dower. She is called "Leonor" in Spanish and Portuguese and "Éléonore" or "Aliénor" in French. She was the eldest child of Duke Philip of Burgundy and Queen Joanna of Castile, and the elder sister of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and her life was dominated by her role in the international dynastic politics of the period.
Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate
Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate or CuTC is a coordination complex derived from copper and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. It is used as a reagent  to promote the Ullmann reaction between aryl halides.

CuTC catalyzed Ullmann coupling

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Óttarr svarti
Óttarr svarti ("Óttarr the Black") was an 11th-century Icelandic skald. He was the court poet first of Óláfr skautkonungr of Sweden, then of Óláfr Haraldsson of Norway, the Swedish king Anund Jacob and finally of Cnut the Great of Denmark and England. His poems are significant contemporary evidence for the careers of Óláfr Haraldsson and Cnut the Great.

Óttarr was the nephew of Sigvatr Þórðarson, and Óttarr clearly based the poem Hǫfuðlausn, his encomium for Óláfr Haraldsson, on Sigvatr's Víkingarvísur, which tallies the king's early Viking expeditions. A small þáttr (short story) on Óttarr, Óttars þáttr svarta, is preserved in Flateyjarbók, Bergsbók, Bæjarbók and Tómasskinna.

Þáttr
The þættir (Old Norse singular þáttr, literally meaning a "strand" of rope or yarn) are short stories written mostly in Iceland during the 13th and 14th centuries.

The majority of þættir occur in two compendious manuscripts, Morkinskinna and Flateyjarbók, and within them most are found as digressions within kings' sagas. Sverrir Tómasson regards those in Morkinskinna, at least, as exempla or illustrations inseparable from the narratives that contain them, filling out the picture of the kings' qualities, good and bad, as well as adding comic relief.
Finlay MacDonald (MP)
Finlay MacDonald (17 November 1866 – 29 May 1948) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia and became a barrister.

The son of Malcolm MacDonald and Sarah Cantwell, MacDonald attended St. Francis Xavier College then Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, earning a Bachelor of Laws degree. From 1906 to 1925 he was a city solicitor for Sydney, Nova Scotia. He was also appointed a King's Counsel.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Cape Breton South riding in the 1925 general election then re-elected there in 1926 and 1930. MacDonald was defeated in the 1935 federal election by David James Hartigan of the Liberals.

He died in 1948 at Sydney.

His son, also named Finlay MacDonald, a Halifax broadcasting executive, would run unsuccessfully for the House of Commons in the riding of Halifax in the 1963 federal election, and would eventually be appointed to the Canadian Senate by then-Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in 1984.

St. Francis Xavier University
St. Francis Xavier University is a public undergraduate liberal arts university located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is a member of the Maple League, a group of primarily undergraduate universities in Eastern Canada.
Harold B. Lee
Harold Bingham Lee (March 28, 1899 – December 26, 1973) was an American religious leader and educator who served as the 11th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from July 1972 until his death in December 1973.

Deseret Book Company
Deseret Book (/ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ⓘ) is an American publishing company headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, that also operates a chain of 38 bookstores throughout the United States which includes: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington.  It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation (DMC), the holding company for business firms owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Deseret Book is a for-profit corporation registered in Utah. Deseret Book publishes under four imprints with media ranging from works explaining Latter-day Saint theology and doctrine, fiction, electronic resources, and sound recordings such, as The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square albums.
Carolina Upegui
Carolina Upegui Quevedo (born 16 March 1989) is a Colombian professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Colnago CM Team. She rode in the women's road race event at the 2020 UCI Road World Championships.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God
The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God (German: Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes) is a book by Immanuel Kant, published in 1763. It was published during the earlier period of Kant's philosophy, often referred to as the "pre-critical" period, during which he expressed little doubt about the possibility of rational metaphysics as conducted in the Leibnizian-Wolffian philosophical system which dominated German philosophy during that time. Kant later came to view this period of his philosophical career as a "dogmatic slumber".

Christian Wolff (philosopher)
Christian Wolff (/vɔːlf/; less correctly Wolf, German: [vɔlf]; also known as Wolfius; ennobled as Christian Freiherr von Wolff in 1745; 24 January 1679 – 9 April 1754) was a German philosopher. Wolff is characterized as one of the most eminent German philosophers between Leibniz and Kant. His life work spanned almost every scholarly subject of his time, displayed and unfolded according to his demonstrative-deductive, mathematical method, which some deem the peak of Enlightenment rationality in Germany.

Wolff wrote in German as his primary language of scholarly instruction and research, although he did translate his works into Latin for his transnational European audience.  A founding father of, among other fields, economics and public administration as academic disciplines, he concentrated especially in these fields, giving advice on practical matters to people in government, and stressing the professional nature of university education.
Arata Iiyoshi
Arata Iiyoshi (飯吉 新, Iiyoshi Arata), also known as S.S.D.FANTASICA, is a freelancer composer. He has contributed music as a video game music composer for the Bemani division, but also video games published by Nintendo such as the Super Smash Bros. series, or developed by Chunsoft like the Pokémon crossover of the Mystery Dungeon franchise and the Kamaitachi no Yoru series.

Pokémon Mystery Dungeon
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon is a spin-off video game series from the main Pokémon series developed by Spike Chunsoft (formerly Chunsoft). The games feature the fictional creatures called Pokémon who have the ability to speak human language navigating through a randomly generated dungeon using turn-based moves, common to Mystery Dungeon games. As of March 2020, there have been eleven games across five platforms, as well as several manga adaptations and animated specials.

These games are based in dungeons (“mystery dungeons”) where a floor map is randomly generated. In the dungeons, players fight other Pokémon while obtaining items and finding stairs to the next floor, exiting the dungeon after a fixed number of floors. Across all installments, the series has sold over 17.26 million copies.
Black-crested titmouse
The black-crested titmouse or Mexican titmouse (Baeolophus atricristatus), is a passerine bird in the family Paridae, the tits and chickadees. It is found in Mexico and the U. S. states of Oklahoma and Texas and as a vagrant in at least one other state.

Vagrancy (biology)
Vagrancy is a phenomenon in biology whereby an individual animal (usually a bird) appears well outside its normal range; they are known as vagrants. The term accidental is sometimes also used. There are a number of poorly understood factors which might cause an animal to become a vagrant, including internal causes such as navigation errors (endogenous vagrancy)  and external causes such as severe weather (exogenous vagrancy). Vagrancy events may lead to colonisation and eventually to speciation.
Matthew 5:11
Matthew 5:11 is the eleventh verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It is the ninth verse of the Sermon on the Mount. Some commentators consider this verse to be the beginning of the last Beatitude, but others disagree, seeing it as more of an expansion on the eighth and final Beatitude in the previous verse.

Sermon on the Mount
The Sermon on the Mount (translated from Vulgate Latin section title Sermo in monte) is a collection of sayings spoken by Jesus of Nazareth found in chapters 5, 6, and 7 of the Gospel of Matthew that summarizes his moral teachings. It is the first of five discourses in the Gospel and has been one of the most widely quoted sections of the Gospels.
MBDB
MBDB, also known as N-methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine or as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methyl-α-ethylphenylethylamine, is an entactogen of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and phenylisobutylamine families related to MDMA. It is known by the nicknames "Eden" and "Methyl-J".

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
2011 6 Hours of Silverstone
The 2011 Autosport 6 Hours of Silverstone was an auto racing event held at the Silverstone Circuit on 11 September 2011. It was the fourth round of the 2011 Le Mans Series season and the fifth round of the 2011 Intercontinental Le Mans Cup.

Autosport
Autosport is a global motorsport publishing brand headquartered based in Richmond, London, England. It was established in 1950 at the same time as the origins of the Formula One World Championship.

Autosport began life as a weekly magazine in 1950 and expanded into digital publishing with the creation of Autosport.com in 1997. In 2016, Haymarket Media Group sold Autosport and the rest of its motorsport portfolio to Motorsport Network.
Yana Wachuku
Yana Wachuku (Quechua yana black, Ancash Quechua wachuku big belt, girdle, "black belt" or "black girdle", Hispanicized spelling Yanahuachuco) is a 5,012-metre-high (16,444 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, on the border of the districts of Carhuacayan and Marcapomacocha. It lies southeast of Allqay.

Yauli province
Yauli is one of the nine provinces in Peru that form the Junín Region. It is bordered to the north by the Pasco Region and the province of Junín, to the east by the province of Tarma, to the south by the province of Jauja and to the west by the Lima Region. The population of the province was estimated at 66,093 inhabitants in 2002. The capital of the province is La Oroya.
Wildsville, Louisiana
Wildsville is an unincorporated community in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community is located on U.S. Route 84, 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Jonesville. Wildsville had a post office until May 13, 1995; it still has its own ZIP code, 71377.

Concordia Parish, Louisiana
Concordia Parish (Spanish: Parroquia de la Concordia; French: Paroisse de Concordia) is a parish that borders the Mississippi River in eastern central Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,687. The parish seat is Vidalia. The parish was formed in 1807.

Concordia Parish is part of the Natchez, MS–LA Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is historically considered part of the Natchez District, devoted to cotton cultivation as a commodity crop, in contrast to the sugar cane crop of southern Louisiana. Other Louisiana parishes of similar character are East and West Carroll, Madison and Tensas, all in this lowlying delta land. On the east side of the Mississippi River is the Natchez District around the city of Natchez, Mississippi.
Kozlovichi Mental Asylum
Kozlovichi Mental Asylum was an institution for the mentally ill in Randilovshchina, near Kozlovichi, Grodno Province, Belarus. The wooden construction housing the building was built in 1905 and destroyed by fire on October 12, 2003. The fire killed thirty patients.

Grodno region
Grodno Region, also known as Grodno Oblast or Hrodna Voblasts, is a region of Belarus. Its administrative centre and its namesake, Grodno, is the largest city in the whole region. As of 2024, it has a population of 992,556.

Located in western Belarus, it lies on the Neman River. The region borders the Minsk region to the east, the Brest region to the south, Poland (Podlaskie Voivodeship) to the west and the Vitebsk region and Lithuania (Alytus and Vilnius counties) to the north.
2012 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary
The 2012 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary took place on Tuesday, January 10, 2012, as the second major contest of the primary cycle following the Iowa caucuses the previous week. New Hampshire's 28 pledged delegates to the Democratic National Convention were allocated based on the results of the primary.

Incumbent President Barack Obama won the primary in a landslide facing no major opposition to his candidacy.

Randall Terry
Randall Allen Terry (born April 25, 1959) is an American politician, activist and author. Terry founded the anti-abortion organization Operation Rescue. Beginning in 1987, the group became particularly prominent for blockading the entrances to abortion clinics; Terry led the group until 1991. He has been arrested more than 40 times, including for violating a no-trespass order from the University of Notre Dame to protest against a visit by President Barack Obama.

In 2003, Terry founded the Society for Truth and Justice and conducted a program he called Operation Witness. In 1998, he ran for Congress in Upstate New York, and in 2006, he ran for a seat in the Florida Senate. Both times, he lost in the Republican primary.

Terry ran in the 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries. He was the Constitution Party nominee for president of the United States in the 2024 presidential election, and his running mate was Stephen Broden.
Kate Upson Clark
Catherine Pickens Upson Clark (February 22, 1851 – February 18, 1935) was an American writer. She wrote articles for Godey's Lady's Book, Atlantic Monthly, Christian Herald, and Harper's Magazine. She was an editor of the Springfield Republican, Good Cheer Magazine, and later the New York Evening Post. She published several books, short stories, and one novel.

Godey's Lady's Book
Godey's Lady's Book, alternatively known as Godey's Magazine and Lady's Book, was an American women's magazine that was published in Philadelphia from 1830 to 1896. It was the most widely circulated magazine in the period before the Civil War. Its circulation rose from 70,000 in the 1840s to 150,000 in 1860. In the 1860s Godey's considered itself the "queen of monthlies".  After several changes, it ceased publication in 1896.
Amos Coggswell
Amos Coggswell (September 29, 1825 in Boscawen, New Hampshire – November 15, 1892 in Steele County, Minnesota) was a Minnesota politician, a member of both the Republican and Democratic parties, and a former Speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives. Coggswell served as a delegate to the Republican State Constitutional Convention in 1857. He was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1858, and became the second house speaker in 1859.

In 1867, he ran unsuccessfully for Minnesota Secretary of State as a Democrat.  Coggswell was later elected to the Minnesota Senate, where he served the 12th District from 1872 to 1875.

Minnesota's 12th Senate District
The Minnesota's 12th Senate District is one of 67 Minnesota State Senate districts. It encompasses parts of Big Stone County, Douglas County, Grant County, Pope County, Stearns County, Stevens County, Swift County, Traverse County and Wilkin County. The seat has been held by Republican Torrey Westrom of Elbow Lake, Minnesota since 2013.
Ferula foetida
Ferula foetida is a species of Ferula native to Central Asia (Kyzylkum Desert, Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan), Eastern Iran, western Afghanistan and western Pakistan. It is the most widely distributed species that produces asafoetida. It is often mistaken for the Southern Iranian species F. assa-foetida, for example, in Flora of the U.S.S.R. and Flora of Pakistan.

Plants

Basal leaves

Stem

Compound inflorescence

Umbels

Kyzylkum Desert
The Kyzylkum Desert (Uzbek: Qizilqum; Kazakh: Qyzylqūm) is the 15th largest desert in the world. Its name means 'Red Sand' in Turkic languages. It is located in Central Asia, in the land between the confluent rivers Amu Darya and Syr Darya, a region historically known as Transoxania. Today it is divided among Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It covers about 298,000 km2 (115,000 sq mi).
Conospermum flexuosum
Conospermum flexuosum, commonly known as the tangled smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a sprawling shrub with many zig-zag branches, panicles of white to pale blue, tube-shaped flowers and urn-shaped, hairy nuts.

Nut (fruit)
A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent).

Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary.