hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human rights violations by the CIA
This article deals with the activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the federal government of the United States that constitute violations of human rights.

The CIA has been involved in numerous actions which have been characterized as human rights violations or as contributing to human rights violations. Such actions include the training of paramilitary units and death squads, the maintenance of black sites across the world, and the use of torture tactics.

Black site
Black sites are clandestine state-operated detention centers where prisoners who have not been charged with a crime are incarcerated without due process or court order, are often mistreated and murdered, and have no recourse to bail.
Volodymyr Melnyk
Volodymyr Petrovych Melnyk (Ukrainian: Володимир Петрович Мельник; born 25 November 1952) is a Ukrainian professor of philosophy who served as rector of the University of Lviv between 2014 and 2025.

He graduated from Lviv Polytechnic. Between 1996 and 2014 he was decan of Faculty of Philosophy in Lviv University.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Hair conditioner
Hair conditioner is a hair care cosmetic product used to improve the feel, texture, appearance and manageability of hair. Its main purpose is to reduce friction between strands of hair to allow smoother brushing or combing, which might otherwise cause damage to the scalp. Various other benefits are often advertised, such as hair repair, strengthening, or a reduction in split ends.

Conditioners are available in a wide range of forms, including viscous liquids, gels and creams, as well as thinner lotions and sprays. Hair conditioner is usually used after the hair has been washed with shampoo. It is applied and worked into the hair and may either be rinsed out a short time later or left in.

Trichoptilosis
Trichoptilosis (from the Greek τριχο- tricho- "hair" and the New Latin ptilosis "arrangement of feathers in definite areas" from the Greek πτίλον ptilon "feather"), schizotrichia, and informally split ends, is the splitting or fraying of the hair-shaft due to excessive heat and mechanical stress. This condition occurs when the outer layer of the hair is damaged and the hair fibre divide into two or more strands.
Shoup Building
The Shoup Building is a historic commercial building located at the intersection of Center and Main Streets in Salmon, Idaho. The three-story building was constructed in 1886 for merchant George Shoup; Shoup went on to become the first Governor of Idaho. The building was one of the most architecturally exquisite in territorial Idaho, and state and local newspapers praised the structure upon its completion. The brick building's design features segmental arched windows and a brick cornice with a red and white band of brick below it. Shoup used the first floor of the building for his store; the second floor held the Lemhi County courts, and the third floor served as the local Masonic hall.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 1978.

Lemhi County, Idaho
Lemhi County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,974. The largest city and county seat is Salmon. The county was established in 1869 and named after Fort Lemhi (or Limhi), a remote Mormon missionary settlement from 1855 to 1858 on Bannock and Shoshone territory.
Mexican Geological Society
The Mexican Geological Society (in Spanish: Sociedad Geológica Mexicana) is a Mexican learned society founded in 1904.  Among the founders was geologist Dr. José G. Aguilera who also was the first president of the society.  The society publishes the journal Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Ian Olver
Ian Olver AM (born 10 May 1953) is an Australian oncologist, cancer researcher and bio-ethicist. He is a former chief executive officer of Cancer Council Australia and a noted authority and media commentator on cancer issues.

In 2011, he was appointed to the Order of Australia for service to medical oncology as a clinician, researcher, administrator and mentor, and to the community through leadership roles with cancer control organisations.

His main research interests are new anticancer drug studies, symptom control, bio-ethics and psycho-oncology. He has authored more than 200 journal articles, 19 book chapters and two books as well as co-editing two books.

Cancer research
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.

Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and compare applications of the various cancer treatments. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. Starting in the mid-1990s, the emphasis in clinical cancer research shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as cancer immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Cancer research is done in academia, research institutes, and corporate environments, and is largely government funded.
Gill Sims
Gill Sims (born 1978) is a bestselling British author and blogger.

Sims is the author of Why Mummy Drinks, which was the Sunday Times Fiction Bestseller of 2017. Why Mummy Swears was published in 2018, and Why Mummy Doesn't Give A **** in 2019.

In 2016, she began her Peter and Jane blog, which quickly gained a viral following. Her blog offers a comical response to issues facing parents. She has also written on postnatal depression for Netmums. Sims has been regularly profiled as a leading proponent of a "Mummy Blogger."

She lives in Scotland with her husband, two children, and border terrier, 'Judgy Dog'.

Netmums
Netmums is a website for parents in the United Kingdom, established in 2000. It operates as a network of local sites, and offers information to both mothers and fathers about parenting. The Coffee House web forum launched in 2004 for mothers to chat, make friends and exchange advice online.  As of 2012 the site included over 150 local websites, 500 national meet-up groups for mothers and 1,500 bloggers in its network.
Gautam Bhattacharya
Gautam Bhattacharya is an Indian journalist and author. He began his career as a sports journalist. Subsequently, he expanded his field of work to become a published author, a cricket commentator on Star Sports, host of online shows, and anchor of national and international shows. He was the associate editor of Ananda Bazar Patrika in India. He handled both sports and entertainment for the publication. He joined Ananda Bazar Patrika in January 1983 as a trainee journalist with The Telegraph (Kolkata). From February 2017 to March 2022, Bhattacharya was the joint editor of the Bengali-language daily Sangbad Pratidin. From April 2022, for a brief period of 7 months, Bhattacharya was the editor of Zee 24 Ghanta, one of eastern India's most renowned TV channels. Since early 2023 he is working as the Joint Editor of Kolkata TV ,a distinguished News Television channel of the state of West Bengal.

The Telegraph (India)
The Telegraph is an Indian English daily newspaper founded and continuously published in Kolkata since 7 July 1982. It is published by the ABP Group and  competes with the middle-market newspaper The Times of India. The newspaper is the eighth most-widely read English language newspaper in India, as per Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2019.

The Telegraph has three editions, published from Kolkata, South Bengal and North Bengal.
Bobby Williams (baseball)
Bobby Lawns Williams (September 30, 1895 to December 30, 1978) was an American baseball shortstop in the Negro leagues. He attended New Orleans University, and played the first seven or eight years for the Chicago American Giants.

At age 57, Williams received votes listing him on the 1952 Pittsburgh Courier player-voted poll of the Negro leagues' best players ever.

New Orleans University
New Orleans University was a historically black college that operated between 1869 and 1935 in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. It was founded by Freedmen's Aid Society and the Methodist Episcopal Church. It merged with Straight College in 1935 to form Dillard University.
Microsoft Lumia 640
The Microsoft Lumia 640 and Microsoft Lumia 640 XL are Windows Phone smartphones developed by Microsoft Mobile. Both phones were announced on March 2, 2015, and are the successors to the Nokia Lumia 630 series and the Lumia 1320, respectively. The phones are primarily aimed at developing markets, although they are also available in developed markets as lower-cost options compared to other phones in their classes. The two devices became available in the US and most other markets in June 2015.

On February 15, 2016, Microsoft announced the Lumia 650, the Lumia 640 successor, with improvements like device encryption, an AMOLED display, and 16 GB of flash storage.

On October 18, 2017, Microsoft confirmed that the phone will not receive more major Windows updates, but it will still get security updates and cumulative updates until 2020.

In-plane switching
In-plane switching (IPS) is a technology used in liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). In IPS, liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between, and aligned parallel to, two panels (planes) of glass substrate. The molecules are reoriented by applying electric field, while remaining essentially parallel to the surfaces to produce an image. It was designed to remedy issues of poor viewing angle and color reproduction of the twisted nematic field effect (TN) matrix LCDs prevalent in the late 1980s.
Fritz Bayerlein
Fritz Hermann Michael Bayerlein (14 January 1899 – 30 January 1970) was a German general in the Wehrmacht, during World War II. He initially served as a staff officer, including with Erwin Rommel in the Afrika Korps. He then commanded the 3rd Panzer Division, the Panzer Lehr Division and LIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht) in the European theatre. Bayerlein was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. Prior to the second world war, Bayerlein served in the 9th Bavarian Reserve Division in 1917.

9th Bavarian Reserve Division
The 9th Bavarian Reserve Division (9. Bayerische Reserve-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on September 26, 1916, and entered the line in October. It was a Bavarian unit and was part of a large wave of new divisions (approximately 40) formed in the summer and autumn of 1916. It was disbanded in June 1918 and its assets distributed to other units.
Jabłonka, Lubusz Voivodeship
Jabłonka [jaˈbwɔnka] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Trzciel, within Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.

Jabłonka was a private village, administratively located in the Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.

Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
Greater Poland Province (Polish: Prowincja Wielkopolska) was an administrative division of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1795. The name of the province comes from the historic land of Greater Poland.

The Greater Poland Province consisted initially of twelve voivodeships (after 1768 thirteen voivodeships) and one duchy:

Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship

Chełmno Voivodeship

Gniezno Voivodeship, est. in 1768

Inowrocław Voivodeship

Kalisz Voivodeship

Łęczyca Voivodeship

Malbork Voivodeship

Masovian Voivodeship

Płock Voivodeship

Pomeranian Voivodeship

Poznań Voivodeship

Rawa Voivodeship

Sieradz Voivodeship

Prince-Bishopric of Warmia

The location of the Crown Tribunal for the Greater Poland Province (the highest appeal court of the province) was Piotrków Trybunalski, and after the Convocation Sejm (1764) also Poznań and Bydgoszcz.
Rareeram
Rareeram is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Sibi Malayil and produced by Appachan. The film stars Mammootty, Shobhana, Nedumudi Venu and Geetha in the lead roles. The film had songs by Kodakara Madhavan.

Nedumudi Venu
Kesavan Venugopal (22 May 1948 – 11 October 2021), better known by his stage name Nedumudi Venu, was an Indian actor and screenwriter from Kerala, who predominantly worked in Malayalam cinema. He acted in more than 500 films, primarily in Malayalam and also in Tamil, in a career spanning nearly five decades. He wrote screenplays and directed one film. Nedumudi Venu won three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Award South and six Kerala State Film Awards for his performances in various movies.
Haven Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church
Haven Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church was a historic Gothic Revival-style church in Waynesboro, Georgia, which was founded by former slaves in 1866.  Construction of the building began in 1888.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, and was delisted in 2024. It was located on Barron Street south of the junction of Barron Street and 6th Street.

The church burned on September 16, 2017, and was a total loss. Sixty-eight-year-old Palmer Crumbley was found inside the burning church and he was arrested and charged with arson in the incident.

Waynesboro, Georgia
Waynesboro (/ˈweɪnzbʌroʊ/) is a city and the county seat of Burke County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,472 at the 2024 census. It is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area.

Waynesboro is 37 minutes south of downtown Augusta by car via US 25. Waynesboro is known as "The Bird Dog Capital of the World". The Waynesboro Commercial Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Koh Sotin district
Koh Sotin (Khmer: ស្រុកកោះសូទិន, lit. 'The Courageous Date') is a district (srok) located in Kampong Cham province, Cambodia. The district capital is Chi Haer town located around 10 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Kampong Cham by water, but some 42 kilometres by road. The district borders on the southern bank of the Mekong River and includes the islands of Koh Sothin and Koh Mitt in its area.

The district is easily accessed by boat from Kampong Cham. Road access however, is via 12 kilometres of secondary road to National road 11 and then a further 18 kilometres to the intersection with National Highway 7. From this intersection in Tbong Khmom district is it a further 12 kilometres west to the provincial capital. This small relatively narrow district follows the south bank of the Mekong for about 25 kilometres. As the district is low lying, much of the land area of the district is inundated when the Mekong rises during the wet season.

Kampong Cham province
Kampong Cham (Khmer: កំពង់ចាម, UNGEGN: Kâmpóng Cham [kɑmpɔŋ caːm]; lit. 'Cham Port') is a province of Cambodia located on the central lowlands of the Mekong River. It borders the provinces of Kampong Chhnang to the west, Kampong Thom and Kratié to the north, Tboung Khmum to the east, and Prey Veng and Kandal to the south. Kampong Cham was officially divided into two provinces on 31 December 2013 in what was seen by many as a political move by the ruling party.  All land west of the Mekong remained Kampong Cham while land east of the river became Tbong Khmum province. Prior to this division, Kampong Cham extended eastward to the international border with Vietnam, was the eleventh largest province in Cambodia, and with a population of 1,680,694, was the most populous province in Cambodia. Its capital and largest city is Kampong Cham.
Battle of the Cyzicus
The Battle of the Cyzicus (Catalan: Batalla del riu Cízic) was fought in October 1303 between the Catalan Company of the East under Roger de Flor, acting as mercenaries on behalf of the Byzantine Empire, and the Oghuz Turks (likely Karasids). It was the first of several engagements between the two sides during the Catalan Company's Anatolian Campaign against the Turks.

The result was a crushing Catalan victory. The almogavars of the Catalan Company made a surprise attack on the Turkish camp located at Erdek, killing about 3000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry and capturing many women and children. Many of the Turkish women and children captured were sold into slavery.

Erdek
Erdek is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 307 km2, and its population is 32,021 (2024). Located on the Kapıdağ Peninsula, on the north coast of the Gulf of Erdek at the south of the Sea of Marmara, Erdek is a popular domestic holiday destination with several hotels dating back to the 1960s. The surrounding area has a rugged geology and topography with evergreen wooded areas and large olive groves. It is dominated by Mt Dindymus (782m). Erdek district also included the islands of Koyun and Paşalimanı.

In the summer ferries travel from Erdek to Avşa Adası, one of the Marmara Islands in the Sea of Marmara. The harbour overlooks tiny Zeytinlik island where there is a research station devoted to olives.
Salawıç Särdegäne
Salawıç Särdegäne (Tatar: Салавыч Сәрдегәне, romanized: Salawıç Särdegäne) is a rural locality (a derevnya) in Baltaç District, Tatarstan. The population was 278 as of 2010.
Salawıç Särdegäne is located 13 km from Baltaç, the district's administrative centre, and 121 km from Ԛazаn, the republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in the 18th century.
There are 2 streets in the village.

Baltasi
Baltasi (Russian: Балтаси́; Tatar: Балтач) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Baltasinsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Shoshma River (right tributary of the Vyatka), 106 kilometers (66 mi) from the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 7,711.
Film industry in Wisconsin
Wisconsin has a small but active film community. The state maintains a substantial commercial production sector and a growing independent filmmaking scene, with recent titles including Hundreds of Beavers and Green and Gold. Wisconsin previously operated a statewide film office and incentive program that supported productions such as Public Enemies and The Last Kiss, but the program was shut down in 2011. In 2025, Governor Tony Evers restored both the film office and a new incentive program as part of the 2025-27 biennial budget..

American Movie
American Movie is a 1999 American documentary film directed by Chris Smith, produced by Smith and Sarah Price, and edited by Jun Diaz and Barry Poltermann.

Filmed between September 1995 and August 1997, American Movie documents the making of Coven, an independent short horror film directed by Mark Borchardt. Produced for the purpose of raising capital for Northwestern, a feature film Borchardt intends to make, Coven suffers from numerous setbacks, including poor financing, a lack of planning, Borchardt's alcoholism, and the ineptitude of the friends and family he enlists as his production team. The documentary follows Borchardt's filmmaking process, interspersed with footage from both of Borchardt's developing projects. The filmmakers shot 90 hours of footage on 16mm film.

American Movie received positive reviews and won the Grand Jury Prize for Documentary at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival. It has since become a cult film.
Thomas Farm Site
The Thomas Farm site is an Early Miocene, Hemingfordian assemblage of vertebrate fossils located in Gilchrist County, northern Florida.

The Thomas Farm site is one of the richest terrestrial deposits of Miocene vertebrates in the 18 Ma range found in eastern North America according to the Florida Museum of Natural History. The site was discovered in 1931 by Florida Geological Survey (FGS) staff member Clarence Simpson. Specimens include: amphibians, reptiles, birds, small rodents, bats, rhinoceroses, three species of three-toed horses, several artiodactyls (including camels, peccary, deer-like species and other extinct forms), as well as dogs, bears, and bear-dogs.

Gilchrist County, Florida
Gilchrist County is a county located in the north central part of the U.S. state of Florida. Organized in 1925 from the western part of Alachua, it is the last county to be formed in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,864. The county seat is Trenton.

Gilchrist County is included in the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Elbe-Heide
Elbe-Heide is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Börde district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Before 1 January 2010, it was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft. It is situated on the left bank of the Elbe, northwest of Burg bei Magdeburg. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Rogätz.

The Verbandsgemeinde Elbe-Heide consists of the following municipalities (population in 2006 between brackets):

Angern (2,264)

Burgstall (1,777)

Colbitz (3,419)

Loitsche-Heinrichsberg (1,060)

Rogätz (2,219)

Westheide (1,857)

Zielitz (2,013)

Burg bei Magdeburg
Burg (German pronunciation: [bʊʁk] ⓘ; also known as Burg bei Magdeburg to distinguish from other places with the same name) is a town of about 22,400 inhabitants on the Elbe–Havel Canal in northeastern Germany, 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Magdeburg. It is the capital of the Jerichower Land district in the state of Saxony-Anhalt.

The town is known for its mediaeval churches and towers. Due to the numerous towers and steeples Burg also carries the sobriquet City of Towers. Like other German towns and cities, Burg shows its connection to the Roland saga with a statue, which was restored in 1999.
Yes, Yes Show!
Yes, Yes Show! is a Philippine television sketch comedy show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Starring Bayani Agbayani, it aired from February 25, 2004 to 2006, replacing Whattamen. It was tagged as the first Live-Gag show in the Philippines.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.