hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astronomy on Mars
Many astronomical phenomena viewed from the planet Mars are the same as or similar to those seen from Earth; but some (e.g. the view of Earth as an evening/morning star) are quite different. For example, because the atmosphere of Mars does not contain an ozone layer, it is also possible to make UV observations from the surface of Mars.

Precession
Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body. In an appropriate reference frame it can be defined as a change in the first Euler angle, whereas the third Euler angle defines the rotation itself. In other words, if the axis of rotation of a body is itself rotating about a second axis, that body is said to be precessing about the second axis. A motion in which the second Euler angle changes is called nutation. In physics, there are two types of precession: torque-free and torque-induced.

In astronomy, precession refers to any of several slow changes in an astronomical body's rotational or orbital parameters. An important example is the steady change in the orientation of the axis of rotation of the Earth, known as the precession of the equinoxes.
4-Phenylfentanyl
4-Phenylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is a derivative of fentanyl. It was developed during the course of research that ultimately resulted in super-potent opioid derivatives such as carfentanil, though it is a substantially less potent analogue. 4-Phenylfentanyl is around eight times the potency of fentanyl in analgesic tests on animals, but more complex 4-heteroaryl derivatives such as substituted thiophenes and thiazoles are more potent still, as they are closer bioisosteres to the 4-carbomethoxy group of carfentanil.

Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.

Thiophene
Thiophene is a heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S. Consisting of a planar five-membered ring, it is aromatic as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions. It is a colorless liquid with a benzene-like odor.  In most of its reactions, it resembles benzene. Compounds analogous to thiophene include furan (C4H4O), selenophene (C4H4Se) and pyrrole (C4H4NH), which each vary by the heteroatom in the ring.
2024 Țiriac Foundation Trophy
The 2024 Țiriac Foundation Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place at the National Tennis Centre in Bucharest, Romania between 9 and 15 September 2024.

Ilinca Amariei
Ilinca Dalina Amariei (born 30 July 2002) is a Romanian tennis player.

Amariei has a career-high singles ranking of 317 by the WTA, achieved on 18 March 2024. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 346, achieved on 14 July 2025. Amariei has won seven singles and nine doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Amariei made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2021 Transylvania Open, where she received a wildcard into the doubles tournament, partnering Briana Szabó.
Lutovinovka
Lutovinovka (Russian: Лутовиновка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia and Ukraine:

Lutovinovka, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Vladimirovsky Selsoviet of Rognedinsky District of Bryansk Oblast

Lutovinovka, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Vasilyevsky Selsoviet of Izmalkovsky District of Lipetsk Oblast

Lutovinovka, Voronezh Oblast, a village in Timiryazevskoye Rural Settlement of Novousmansky District of Voronezh Oblast

Lutovynivka, a village in Kremenchuk Raion (district), Poltava Oblast (province) of central Ukraine

Izmalkovsky District
Izmalkovsky District (Russian: Изма́лковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eighteen in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,130 square kilometers (440 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Izmalkovo. Population: 15,209 (2021 Census); 17,281 (2010 Census);  18,813 (2002 Census); 20,404 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Izmalkovo accounts for 24.0% of the district's total population.
Wayne LaMaster
Noble Wayne LaMaster (February 13, 1907 – August 4, 1989) was an American professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues for the Philadelphia Phillies and Brooklyn Dodgers during the 1937–1938 baseball seasons. He was purchased by the Dodgers on August 8, 1938.

Born in Speed, Indiana, LaMaster died in New Albany, Indiana, on August 4, 1989, aged 82.

New Albany, Indiana
New Albany /ˈɑːlbəni/ is a city in New Albany Township, Floyd County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River, opposite Louisville, Kentucky. The population was 37,841 as of the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of Floyd County. It is bounded by I-265 to the north and the Ohio River to the south, and is considered part of the Louisville metropolitan area. The mayor of New Albany is Jeff Gahan, a Democrat; he was re-elected in 2023.
Ferenc Sbüll
Ferenc Sbüll (Slovene: Fran Šbül or Žbul) (around July 26, 1825  – August 12, 1864) was a Hungarian Slovene poet and Catholic priest in Hungary. He was born in Turnišče, a village in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia, then part of the Zala County of the Kingdom of Hungary. He studied in Kőszeg, Szombathely and Vienna. He wrote both secular and religious poetry in his native Prekmurje Slovene. He died in Dolenci.

Hungarian Slovenes
Hungarian Slovenes (Slovene: Madžarski Slovenci, Hungarian: Magyarországi szlovének) are an autochthonous ethnic and linguistic Slovene minority living in Hungary. The largest groups are the Rába Slovenes (Slovene: porabski Slovenci, dialectically: vogrski Slovenci, bákerski Slovenci, porábski Slovenci) in the Rába Valley in Hungary between the town of Szentgotthárd and the borders with Slovenia and Austria. They speak the Prekmurje Slovene dialect. Outside the Rába Valley, Slovenes mainly live in the Szombathely region and in Budapest.
Etho Seithai Ennai
Etho Seithai Ennai (transl. You did something to me) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language romantic action film written and directed by debutante J.Elvin Bosser, starring Shakthi, Liyasree and Anand in lead and Anand Babu, Ilavarasu, John Vijay and Srinath in supporting roles. It released on 17 August 2012 and received negative reviews. The film became a disaster.

Ilavarasu
Ilavarasu is an Indian actor and cinematographer who works in the Tamil film industry. He started his career as a cinematographer and worked for 13 films, winning a Tamil Nadu State Film Award for one of them. He later became known as an actor after appearing in pivotal roles in Bharathiraja's and Cheran's films. He starred in over 160 Tamil films, playing supporting, comedic, and antagonistic roles.
Jacques Guilbault
Jacques Guilbault (born 29 October 1936 in Montreal, Quebec) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a professional engineer by career.

He was elected in the 1968 federal election at Saint-Jacques riding and was re-elected in five more general elections. He served six consecutive terms of office from the 28th through the 33rd Canadian Parliaments.

During the 30th Parliament, he was Parliamentary Secretary to the Secretary of State for a year beginning October 1976. This was immediately followed by a year as Secretary to the Minister of National Defence. In his final Parliamentary term from 1984 to 1988, Guilbault was the Liberal deputy House leader during a Progressive Conservative government.

Guilbault was defeated in the 1988 federal election by Benoît Tremblay of the Progressive Conservative party. Guilbault campaigned in the Rosemont electoral district for this election, following the dissolution of his long-time Saint-Jacques riding.

Saint-Jacques (federal electoral district)
Saint-Jacques was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1988.

There were two separate ridings named "Saint-Jacques". The first was created in 1952 from Cartier and St. James ridings. It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Laurier and Saint-Henri ridings.

A second "Saint-Jacques" riding was created in 1977 when Saint-Henri was renamed Saint-Jacques. It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Laurier—Sainte-Marie, Saint-Henri—Westmount and Verdun—Saint-Paul ridings.
One Song (Archie Roach song)
"One Song" is a song written and performed by Australian singer songwriter Archie Roach. The song was released in February 2022 as the lead and only single from his compilation album My Songs: 1989–2021.

In a video message upon release, Roach said the inspiration for the song is similar to that of "a place of fire" saying "that we all come from one place".

At the 2022 ARIA Music Awards, the song won the ARIA Award for Best Independent Release. Jessica Mauboy, Budjerah and Thelma Plum performed the song as a tribute to Archie Roach at the ceremony.

At the APRA Music Awards of 2023, the song was shortlisted for Song of the Year.

ARIA Award for Best Independent Release
The ARIA Music Award for Best Independent Release, is an award presented at the annual ARIA Music Awards, which recognises "the many achievements of Aussie artists across all music genres", since 1987. It is handed out by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation whose aim is "to advance the interests of the Australian record industry."

John Butler Trio hold the record for both the most wins and the most nominations in this category, with three wins from seven nominations, though Ed Kuepper's total nominations also reach seven if his nomination as a member of the Aints is counted. Vance Joy and Dan Sultan are tied for the most nominations without a win with four each. Kuepper is both the only artist to win in consecutive years, which occurred in 1993 and 1994, and the only musician nominated for two acts in the same year, as in 1992 he was nominated both as a solo artist and a member of the Aints.
Sabinosuchus
Sabinosuchus (meaning "Sabinas crocodile") is a genus of mesoeucrocodylian from the Maastrichtian Escondido Formation of Coahuila, Mexico, with Sabinosuchus coahuilensis as the type species. First described as a putative dyrosaurid by Shiller II et al. (2016), it was later recovered as a pholidosaurid by Jouve & Jalil (2020).

Mesoeucrocodylia
Mesoeucrocodylia is the clade that includes Eusuchia and crocodyliforms formerly placed in the paraphyletic group Mesosuchia. The group appeared during the Early Jurassic, and continues to the present day.
Mexazolam
Mexazolam (marketed under the trade names Melex and Sedoxil) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.  Mexazolam has been trialed for anxiety and was found to be effective in alleviating anxiety at one week follow-up. Mexazolam is metabolised via the CYP3A4 pathway. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors including simvastatin, simvastatin acid, lovastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin and cerivastatin inhibit the metabolism of mexazolam, but not the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin.  Its principal active metabolites are chlorodesmethyldiazepam (also known as chloronordiazepam or delorazepam, trade name Dadumir) and chloroxazepam (also known as lorazepam, trade name Ativan). Researchers have found a dose of 1.67 mg mexazolam equals 5 mg diazepam. Clinical studies suggest that 3 mg of mexazolam has a comparable effect to 1.5 mg of alprazolam.

Pravastatin
Pravastatin, sold under the brand name Pravachol among others, is a statin medication, used for preventing cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and treating abnormal lipids. It is suggested to be used together with diet changes, exercise, and weight loss. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include joint pain, diarrhea, nausea, headaches, and muscle pains. Serious side effects may include rhabdomyolysis, liver problems, and diabetes. Use during pregnancy may harm the fetus. Like all statins, pravastatin works by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme found in liver that plays a role in producing cholesterol.

Pravastatin was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1989. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 57th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions.
Benjamin P. Bowser
Benjamin Paul Bowser (born 1946) is an American sociologist, research methodologist and Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Social Services at California State University, East Bay. His scholarship focuses on race relations, the Black middle class, drug abuse prevention, and the social impacts of racism. He is the author or editor of a dozen books including The Black Middle Class: Social Mobility and Vulnerability and Against the Odds: Scholars Who Challenged Racism in the Twentieth Century. He is a board member of Felton Institute and former elected President of Association of Black Sociologists.

Felton Institute
The Felton Institute, formerly known as the Family Service Agency of San Francisco (FSA), was founded in 1889 as Associated Charities. FSASF is the oldest nonsectarian, nonprofit charitable social-services provider in the City and County of San Francisco. It relies on contributions from government, private donors, and private clients.

FSA focuses on strengthening families by providing caring, effective, and innovative social services, with special emphasis on the needs of low-income families, children, and the elderly, and disabled people, thus improving the quality of life for all San Franciscans.
Taraxacum latilobum
Taraxacum latilobum, also known as the large-lobed dandelion, is a species of dandelion found in eastern North America native to Maine, Newfoundland, and Quebec. The roots and leaves were part of the traditional plant foods of Canadian indigenous peoples.

Along with the St. Lawrence dandelion (Taraxacum laurentianum), Taraxacum latilobum has been found in the Mingan Archipelago, a biodiversity hotspot in Quebec.

Mingan Archipelago
The Mingan Archipelago is an archipelago located east of Quebec, Canada. It consists of a chain of about 40 islands.

Starting but 124 miles from the end of the road along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River (Le Fleuve), the Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve of Canada spreads about 109 miles eastward as it dots the coastline with over 2,000 islands and islets. To the southwest a 9 to 10 hour drive away lies Quebec City. Due south across a 12-mile channel is Anticosti Island and below Anticosti another 25 miles is the eastern tip of the Gaspé Peninsula. To the east is a roadless coastline all the way to Newfoundland and Labrador. To the north are tundra, lakes, bog and rock. In late June it is still Spring. Politically, most of the islands lie in the town of Havre-Saint-Pierre, but the westernmost of the chain lie in the municipality of Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan.

The archipelago includes Île Niapiskau and its limestone monoliths.
Eric Steinthal
Francis Eric Steinthal (21 November 1886 – 23 May 1974), also known as Francis Eric Petrie, was an English international rugby union player.

Of German-Jewish descent, Steinthal was born in Bradford and attended Bradford Grammar School. His father was a local yarn merchant and his mother an artist. He read history at Trinity College, Oxford.

Steinthal, an Oxford blue, was a centre three-quarter and represented Yorkshire from 1906 to 1913. He gained two England caps during their grand slam-winning 1913 Five Nations campaign, in back to back matches against Wales at Cardiff and France at Twickenham.

In World War I, Steinthal adopted his mother's maiden name Petrie, to serve in the Royal Fusiliers.

Steinthal was a schoolmaster by profession and married German-born artist Maria Petrie (née Zimmern). They immigrated to Santa Barbara, California, and he took up American citizenship in 1949, but lived his final years back in England, after the death of his wife.

Royal Fusiliers
The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in continuous existence for 283 years. It was known as the 7th Regiment of Foot until the Childers Reforms of 1881.

The regiment served in many wars and conflicts throughout its long existence, including the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. In 1968, the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Lancashire Fusiliers – to form a new large regiment, the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.

The Royal Fusiliers War Memorial, a monument dedicated to the almost 22,000 Royal Fusiliers who died during the First World War, stands on Holborn in the City of London.
Atlatl Cave
Atlatl Cave is an important archaeological site that contains organic evidence of occupation by Archaic North Americans c. 900 BCE. It is located at the west end of the Chaco Culture National Historical Park in San Juan County, New Mexico, at an elevation of 1910 meters.

Archaic period (North America)
In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period in North America, taken to last from around 8000 to 1000 BC in the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development. The Archaic stage is characterized by subsistence economies supported through the exploitation of nuts, seeds, and shellfish.  As its ending is defined by the adoption of sedentary farming, this date can vary significantly across the Americas.

The term "Archaic Period" is also as a timespan label elsewhere in the Americas, with different timespans than the North American Archaic.
Ashton Aylworth
Ashton Aylworth (died by 1602), of St. Andrew's, Holborn, London, was an English politician.

Aylworth was the eldest son of the MP, John Aylworth and the brother of the MP, Edward Aylworth. Ashton married Anne Fleetwood of The Vache, Buckinghamshire and they had at least one daughter.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Launceston in 1563 and for Wells in 1572.

Launceston (UK Parliament constituency)
Launceston, also known at some periods as Dunheved, was a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, and one member from 1832 until 1918. It was a parliamentary borough until 1885, and a county constituency thereafter.
October 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 27 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 29

All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 10 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 28th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 15.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
Racoplaca melanobapha
Racoplaca melanobapha is a species of leaf-dwelling lichen in the family Strigulaceae. The species was first described in 1874 from a specimen collected in Borneo, though its taxonomic placement remained uncertain for many decades until it was transferred to the genus Strigula in 1952 and later to Racoplaca in 2020. It forms very thin, dark greyish-green patches on leaf surfaces, with narrow branching lobes outlined by fine black lines and scattered with tiny black dots. Molecular studies suggest that what has traditionally been treated as a single widespread tropical species may actually represent several closely related species that are difficult to distinguish by appearance alone.

Cephaleuros
Cephaleuros is a genus of thalloid green algae comprising approximately 14 species. Its common name is red rust. Cephaleuros species are parasitic algae which grow within vascular plants, typically within the subtropics or tropics.
Koia
Koia is a plant-based protein drink brand started by Maya French, Chris Fanucchi and Dustin Baker in the Chicago-area in 2013. It has many such as The Weeknd, Chris Paul, and Cordae. In 2016, beverage industry veteran Chris Hunter became a cofounder and CEO. In 2019, French was listed on Forbes' 30 Under 30 list for her role in cofounding the company. Her lactose intolerance was a motivating factor for making vegan products.  Koia is sold in many popular stores, including Starbucks, Whole Foods, Walmart, and 7-Eleven.

Cordae
Cordae Amari Brooks (né Dunston; born August 26, 1997), known mononymously as Cordae (formerly YBN Cordae and Entendre), is an American rapper. He began his career as a member of the hip hop collective YBN.

His 2019 debut studio album, The Lost Boy, peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 and was met with critical acclaim. At the 62nd Grammy Awards, it was nominated for Best Rap Album, while its single, "Bad Idea" (featuring Chance the Rapper), was nominated for Best Rap Song. After the group disbanded in 2020, he dropped the "YBN" from his stage name. His second studio album, From a Birds Eye View (2022), matched the chart position of his previous, and was met with similar critical reception. Cordae released his most recent album The Crossroads in November 2024.
Ngawang Chodrak
Ngawang Chodrak (1710–1772, Tibetan: དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༥༩ ངག་དབང་ཆོས་གྲགས།, Wylie: dga' ldan khri pa 59 ngag dbang chos grags) was the fifty-ninth Ganden Tripa. 
Born near Chubzang Monastery in Tolung near Lhasa and entered monastic life at a young age, eventually studying at Sera Me College (part of Sera Monastery) and Gyuto Tantric College where he excelled in both sutra and tantra. Known for his deep scholarship and ascetic lifestyle, he became abbot of Gyuto and Ganden Shartse (part of Ganden Monastery) before ascending to the Golden Throne of Ganden in 1771, where he led teachings and important religious ceremonies. He died in 1772 at age sixty, after sharing prophetic dreams of his death, which disciples interpreted as signs of his attainment of nirvana. His cremation revealed preserved relics, and a silver stupa was built to house them, while his disciples, including prominent figures, preserved his belongings as sacred objects.

Ganden Monastery
Ganden Monastery (also Gaden or Gandain) or Ganden Namgyeling or Monastery of Gahlden is one of the "great three" Gelug university monasteries located in Dagzê County, Lhasa, Tibet. The other two are Sera Monastery and Drepung Monastery. Ganden Monastery was founded in 1409 by Je Tsongkhapa Lozang-dragpa, founder of the Gelug order. The monastery was destroyed after 1959, but has since been partially rebuilt. Another monastery with the same name and tradition was established in Southern India in 1966 by Tibetan exiles.