hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet
Lieutenant-General Sir Fenton John Aylmer, 13th Baronet, VC, KCB (5 April 1862 – 3 September 1935) was an Anglo-Irish British Army officer and a recipient of the Victoria Cross. He was in command of the first failed efforts to break the siege of Kut in 1916. From a military background, Aylmer was commissioned into the Indian Army, and immediately involved in fierce fighting on the north-west frontier. In a singularly heroic action, still in his twenties, he helped rescue Townshend's garrison at Chitral, spearheading the relief column. For his valorous conduct he was awarded the Victoria Cross, and rapid promotion through the officer class.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Phyllochron
The phyllochron is the intervening period between the sequential emergence of leaves on the main stem of a plant, also rendered as leaf appearance−1. This measurement is used by botanists and agronomists to describe the growth and development of plants, especially cereals. The term phyllochron was first described in 1966. The interval between leaf appearances can be recorded in both standard measurements of time as well as thermal time (e.g. growing degree units). One phytomer unit is added over the course of one phyllochron. No significantly robust equation to predict phyllochrons has been developed.

Growing degree-day
Growing degree days (GDD), also called growing degree units (GDUs), are a heuristic tool in phenology. GDD are a measure of heat accumulation used by horticulturists, gardeners, and farmers to predict plant and animal development rates such as the date that a flower will bloom, an insect will emerge from dormancy, or a crop will reach maturity. GDD is credited to be first defined by Reaumur in 1735.
Wharton Creek (Unadilla River tributary)
Wharton Creek is a 36.1-mile-long (58.1 km) tributary of the Unadilla River in western Otsego County, in the state of New York. Via the Unadilla River, it is part of the Susquehanna River watershed, flowing to Chesapeake Bay.

Wharton Creek rises in the town of Richfield and flows southwest through the towns of Plainfield, Exeter, Burlington, Edmeston, and Pittsfield, where it empties into the Unadilla River at the village of New Berlin.

New Berlin (village), New York
New Berlin (/ˈbɜːrlɪn/ BUR-lin) is a village in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,028 at the 2010 census. The village is by the eastern town line of the town of New Berlin and is northeast of Norwich.
Adamolekun
Adamolekun is a Yoruba surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ladipo Adamolekun, public administration scholar

Nathaniel Adamolekun, Jamaican footballer

Olufolasade Adamolekun, Jamaican footballer

Yemi Adamolekun, executive director of Enough is Enough

Damola Adamolekun, CEO of Red Lobster

Enough is Enough (Nigeria)
Enough is Enough is a coalition of Nigerian youth advocacy groups to promote better governance and political accountability in the country. Based in Lagos and Abuja, it has organized concerts, petitions, protests and workshops to call attention to the violence being committed by Boko Haram, freedom for the 
kidnapped Chibok girls, high remuneration of legislators and denial of visa for elected officials who travel abroad for medical care.

The executive director is Yemi Adamolekun. In the run-up to the 2015 general elections, the group organized a mobilization campaign to encourage voter registration by youths. In February 2017, the group planned to hold a rally in Lagos to draw attention to the economic situation in the country.
Yang Hao (volleyball)
Yang Hao (simplified Chinese: 杨昊; traditional Chinese: 楊昊; pinyin: Yáng Hào; born 21 March 1980) is a retired Chinese female volleyball player. She was a member of the Chinese team that won the gold medal at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and a bronze medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics was the eleventh edition of the event, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB in conjunction with the International Olympic Committee. It was held at the Peace and Friendship Stadium located at the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex between 14 and 28 August 2004.

The medals for the competition were presented by Henri Sérandour, France; Timothy Fok Tsun-ting, Hong Kong; and Els van Breda Vriesman, Netherlands; IOC Members, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Jizhong Wei, People's Republic of China; FIVB 1st Vice-President, Cristobal Marte Hoffiz, Dominican Republic; FIVB Vice President, and Aleksandar Boričić, Serbia and Montenegro; FIVB Board-Administration Member.
Thiazolidinedione
The thiazolidinediones /θaɪ.əˌzoʊlɪdiːnˈdaɪ.oʊn/, abbreviated as TZD, also known as glitazones after the prototypical drug ciglitazone, are a class of heterocyclic compounds consisting of a five-membered C3NS ring.  The term usually refers to a family of drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 that were introduced in the late 1990s. As of 2024, there are two FDA-approved drugs in this class, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.

Adipocyte
Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat. Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells which give rise to adipocytes through adipogenesis.  In cell culture, adipocyte progenitors can also form osteoblasts, myocytes and other cell types.

There are two types of adipose tissue, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which are also known as white and brown fat, respectively, and comprise two types of fat cells.
Johnny Loughrey
Johnny Loughrey (20 July 1945 – 13 April 2005) was a Northern Irish singer and songwriter born in Newtownstewart, County Tyrone.With his mix of country songs, Irish ballads and easy listening music, he achieved success in both England and Ireland. Johnny's son Shaun Loughrey is also a Country and Irish singer.

Easy listening
Easy listening (including mood music) is a popular music genre and radio format that was most popular during the 1950s to the 1970s. It is related to middle of the road (MOR) music and encompasses instrumental recordings of standards, hit songs, non-rock vocals and instrumental covers of selected popular rock songs. It mostly concentrates on music that pre-dates the rock and roll era, characteristically on music from the 1940s and 1950s. It was differentiated from the mostly instrumental beautiful music format by its variety of styles, including a percentage of vocals, arrangements and tempos to fit various parts of the broadcast day.

Easy listening music is often confused with lounge music, but while it was popular in some of the same venues it was meant to be listened to for enjoyment rather than as background sound.
Arizona Wildcats men's golf
The Arizona Wildcats men's golf team has a strong golf tradition, dating back to their first season in 1934. Since then they have won one national title in 1992.

On August 4, 2023, Arizona announced it would join the Big 12 Conference along with Arizona State, Colorado, and Utah beginning in the 2024–25 academic year.

Wildcats who have won the U.S. Amateur include Eric Meeks and Ricky Barnes.  Besides Majors-winner Jim Furyk, a number of other former Wildcat players have gone on to win on the PGA Tour, including: Don Pooley, Dan Pohl, Robert Gamez, Mike Springer, Rory Sabbatini, Ted Purdy and Nate Lashley.  Furyk is also a Champions Tour major winner, and the eighth player to win both the U.S. Open and U.S. Senior Open.  In addition Wildcat Rory Sabbatini won a Silver Medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics competing for Slovakia.

Colorado Buffaloes football
The Colorado Buffaloes football program represents the University of Colorado Boulder in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level, and is a member of the Big 12 Conference.

The team was a charter member of the Big 12 before leaving to join the Pac-12 Conference after the 2010 season. After 13 seasons in the Pac-12, the team returned to the Big 12 in 2024. Before joining the Big 12, they were members of the Big Eight Conference.

The team has played at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado since 1924. Their all-time record is 735–556–36 (.577 winning percentage) as of the 2025 season. Colorado won the 1990 National Championship that was shared by Georgia Tech. The team is 27th on the all-time win list and 40th in all-time winning percentage, along with two Heisman Trophy winners, Rashaan Salaam in 1994 and Travis Hunter in 2024.
Ruellia asperula
Ruellia  asperula (syn. Stephanophysum asperulum Mart. & Nees) is a medicinal plant native to eastern Brazil and growing in Caatinga vegetation and Cerrado vegetation. Flowers, leaves, and roots of this plant are usually macerated and used to treat asthma, bronchitis, fever, flu, and uteral inflammation.

Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (14 February 1776 – 16 March 1858) was a prolific German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. He was a contemporary of Goethe and was born within the lifetime of Linnaeus. He described approximately 7,000 plant species (almost as many as Linnaeus himself). His last official act as president of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina was to admit Charles Darwin as a member. He was the author of numerous monographs on botany and zoology and majority of his best-known works deal with fungi. The standard author abbreviation Nees is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Nishinomiya Station (Hanshin)
Nishinomiya Station (西宮駅, Nishinomiya eki; station number: HS-178)  is a passenger railway station  located in the city of   Nishinomiya Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Hanshin Electric Railway. The station is called "Hanshin Nishinomiya" or "Han-Nishi" to distinguish the name from Nishinomiya Station on the JR West Tōkaidō Line (JR Kōbe Line) and Nishinomiya-kitaguchi Station on Hankyu Railway.

Hanshin Electric Railway
Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (阪神電気鉄道株式会社, Hanshin Denki-tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese private railway company owned by Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group that links Osaka and Kobe. It also owns the Hanshin Tigers baseball team, which plays in the Central League and is based in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture.

The first character for Kobe (神戸) and the second character for Osaka (大阪) combine to form the company name, 阪神, which can be read Han-shin.

IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) are accepted when taking trains.
Hedda Berntsen
Hedda Berntsen (born 24 April 1976) is a Norwegian sportsperson who has competed internationally in telemark skiing, alpine skiing, freestyle skiing and skicross. She is world champion in Telemark classic from 1997. She later concentrated on the alpine slalom, her career peaking in the 2000–01 season with consistent performances in the World Cup as well as a bronze medal at the 2001 World Championships. She later switched to skicross, receiving a silver medal at the 2008 Winter X Games.  In the Vancouver Winter Olympics on 23 February 2010 she won the silver medal in the women's skicross competition.

Telemark skiing
Telemark skiing is a skiing technique that combines elements of Alpine and Nordic skiing, using the rear foot to keep balance while pushing on the front foot to create a carving turn on downhill skis with toe-only bindings. Telemark skiing is named after the Telemark region of Norway, where the discipline originated. Sondre Norheim is often credited for first demonstrating the turn in ski races, which included cross country, slalom, and jumping, in Norway around 1868. Sondre Norheim also experimented with ski and binding design, introducing side cuts to skis and heel bindings (like a cable).
Bill Narum
Bill Narum (January 11, 1947 – November 18, 2009) was an artist,  illustrator, and Texas counter-culture icon known for his work in popular entertainment, and for being one of the few non-natives to have lived with the Tarahumara tribe of northern Mexico in Copper Canyon.

Copper Canyon
Copper Canyon (Spanish: Barrancas del Cobre) is a group of six distinct canyons in the Sierra Madre Occidental in the southwestern part of the state of Chihuahua in northwestern Mexico that is 65,000 square kilometres (25,000 sq mi) in size. The canyons were formed by six rivers that drain the western side of the Sierra Tarahumara (a part of the Sierra Madre Occidental).  All six rivers merge into the Rio Fuerte and empty into the Gulf of California.  The walls of the canyon are a copper/green color, which is the origin of the name.
Shan language
Shan is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in pockets in other parts of Myanmar, in Northern Thailand, in Yunnan, in Laos, in Cambodia, in Vietnam and decreasingly in Assam and Meghalaya. Shan is a member of the Kra–Dai language family and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a sixth tone used for emphasis. The term Shan is also used for related Northwestern Tai languages, and it is called Tai Yai or Tai Long in other Tai languages. Standard Shan, which is also known as Tachileik Shan, is based on the dialect of the city of Tachileik.

In 2019, Ethnologue estimated there were 3.3 million Shan speakers, including 3.2 million in Myanmar. The Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture estimates there are gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006. Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
Alberto Spencer
Alberto Pedro Spencer Herrera (6 December 1937 – 3 November 2006) was an Ecuadorian footballer who played as a forward, and is widely regarded as one of the best Ecuadorian men's footballers of all time. He is probably best known for his still-standing record for scoring the most goals in the Copa Libertadores, the premier club tournament in South America. He was elected the 20th best South American footballer of the 20th century in a poll by the IFFHS in 2004. He was known as "Cabeza Mágica" (Spanish for magic head).

Intercontinental Champions' Supercup
The Intercontinental Champions' Supercup, commonly referred to as the Intercontinental Supercup or Recopa Intercontinental, was a football competition endorsed by UEFA and CONMEBOL, contested by the past winners of the Intercontinental Cup. The first Intercontinental Cup had been contested in 1960, resulting in a pool of 5 past champions (two from UEFA, three from CONMEBOL) available to contest for the first Intercontinental Supercup, in 1968. The pool increased to 6 past champions for the 1969 Intercontinental Supercup, but the two past champions from UEFA chose not to participate, resulting in the winner of the CONMEBOL preliminary round being declared the Supercup winner. No further competitions were contested thereafter.

The tournament went unrecognised for many years, until in September 2005 it was officially recognised by CONMEBOL, and listed as an "official competition".
The Secrets of Quantum Physics
The Secrets of Quantum Physics is a two-part British television series outlining the theories of quantum mechanics and quantum biology, described as "a brilliant guide" to a "jaw-dropping world". It is narrated and presented by Jim Al-Khalili.

Jim Al-Khalili
Jameel Sadik Al-Khalili (Arabic: جميل صادق الخليلي; born 20 September 1962) is an Iraqi-British theoretical physicist and science populariser. He is professor of theoretical physics and chair in the public engagement in science at the University of Surrey. He is a regular broadcaster and presenter of science programmes on BBC radio and television, and a frequent commentator about science in other British media.

In 2014 Al-Khalili was named a RISE (Recognising Inspirational Scientists and Engineers) leader by the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). He was President of Humanists UK between January 2013 and January 2016.
Alaric Jackson
Alaric Jackson (born July 14, 1998) is a Canadian and American professional football offensive tackle for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.
Chandler Bridge Formation
The Chandler Bridge Formation is a geologic formation in South Carolina. It preserves fossils dating back to the Chattian (Late Oligocene) of the Paleogene period, corresponding to the Arikareean in the NALMA classification. The formation overlies the Ashley Formation and is overlain by the Edisto Formation.

North American land mammal age
The North American land mammal ages (NALMA) establishes a geologic timescale for North American fauna beginning during the Late Cretaceous and continuing through to the present. These periods are referred to as ages or intervals (or stages when referring to the rock strata of that age) and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials were obtained.
Sergipe
Sergipe (English: /ˌsɛərˈʒiːpi/, sair-ZHEE-pee ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: [sɛʁˈʒipi] ⓘ), officially the State of Sergipe, is a state of Brazil. Located in the Northeast Region along the Atlantic coast of the country, Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area at 21,910 square kilometres (8,460 mi2), larger only than the Federal District. Sergipe borders Bahia to the south and west and Alagoas to the north. Aracaju is the capital and the largest city in the state; the state is divided into 75 municipalities. The state has 1.1% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.6% of the Brazilian GDP.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Yeongdong (region)
Yeongdong (Korean pronunciation: [jʌŋ.doŋ], Korean pronunciation: [ɾjɔŋ.dɤŋ], literally 'east of the passes') is the eastern, coastal region of Gangwon Province, South Korea and Kangwŏn Province, North Korea. It is divided from the inland Yeongseo region by the Taebaek Mountains.

Although Yeongseo describes the western half of the two provinces and Gwandong describes both halves together, "Yeongdong" is used much more frequently in South Korea than either of the other two names, and may be taken loosely to refer to the entire region.

The region's name lends itself to the Yeongdong Railway Line and Yeongdong Expressway, which are major transportation corridors connecting Seoul to Gangwon.

Yeongdong Line
The Yeongdong Line is a line of Korail.  It connects Yeongju in North Gyeongsang Province with Gangneung in Gangwon Province.  From Yeongju, it crosses the Taebaek Mountains and reaches the Sea of Japan (East Sea) at Donghae, thence proceeding north to Gangneung.

At Yeongju, the line connects with the Gyeongbuk and Jungang Lines.  Some trains travel directly from one to the other, so that it is possible to travel directly from Seoul or Busan to Gangneung by rail.
María Isabel Sanz-Agero
María Isabel Sanz-Agero (born November 20, 1965) is a Guatemalan modern pentathlete. She placed 31st in the women's individual event at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She is the mother of modern pentathlete Rita Sanz-Agero.

Modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's
The women's modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Olympic Modern Pentathlon Centre in Goudi Olympic Complex on 27 August. On its second appearance at the Olympics, thirty-two athletes from 21 nations participated in this event.

Zsuzsanna Vörös of Hungary emerged as the top favorite in the women's event, and won the gold medal, with a score of 5,448 points. Meanwhile, Jeļena Rubļevska set a historic milestone as the first female Latvian to win an Olympic medal, taking the silver in this event. Great Britain's Georgina Harland claimed the nation's second Olympic bronze medal, and third overall for the women's.