hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elisabetta Manfredini-Guarmani
Elisabetta Manfredini-Guarmani (2 June 1780 – after 1828) was an Italian opera singer best known for having created the leading soprano roles in four of Rossini's operas, roles which he wrote specifically for her voice. Antonia Elisabetta Manfredini was born in Bologna and was the daughter of the composer and music theorist Vincenzo Manfredini. After her stage debut in 1810 when she sang in the premiere of Stefano Pavesi's Il trionfo di Gedeone at Bologna's Teatro del Corso, she went on to perform at La Fenice, La Scala, Teatro Regio di Torino, Rome's Teatro Argentina and several other opera houses, primarily in Northern Italy. In addition to the roles she created in Rossini's operas, she also sang in the world premieres of operas by several composers who are lesser known today, including Pietro Raimondi, Simon Mayr, and Ferdinando Paër. Her last known appearance was in 1828 after which there is no further trace of her. The date and place of her death are unknown.

Pietro Generali
Pietro Generali (born Mercandetti Generali; 23 October 1773 – 3 November 1832) was an Italian composer primarily of operas and vocal music.

Generali was born in Masserano.  He studied counterpoint with Giovanni Masi in Rome and spent a few months at the Conservatoire in Naples. After graduation in Rome Generali began composing sacred music. Having produced his first opera in 1800, his first success came with Pamela nubile (Venice, 1804), followed by other farsa, such as Adelina in 1810.

When Rossini began his rise to prominence, Generali moved first to Barcelona, directing the opera company of the Teatre de la Santa Creu (named later the Teatre Principal) and from 1820 conducted and taught in Naples. In his last years, disappointed with the reception of his works, he held the position of Maestro di cappella at Novara Cathedral.  He died, aged 59, in Novara.
Agricultural Conservation Program
The Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP) was a United States government program administered by the Farm Service Agency. It was the first conservation cost-sharing program, established by Congress in 1936 in the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act. The ACP and paid farmers up to $3,500 per year as an incentive to install approved practices for soil conservation and to protect water quality.

The ACP was terminated in the 1996 farm bill and replaced by a new Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP).

Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936
The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act Pub. L. 74–461, enacted February 29, 1936) is a United States federal law that allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to conserve soil and prevent erosion.
Blankenship-Hodges-Brown House
Blankenship-Hodges-Brown House is a historic home located in Ray Township, Morgan County, Indiana.  It was built about 1875, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Queen Anne / Stick style brick dwelling.  It rests on a stone foundation and features a steeply pitched roof, decorative timbering, brackets, and overhanging eaves.: 5, 7

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Stick style
The Stick style was a late-19th-century American architectural style, transitional between the Carpenter Gothic style of the mid-19th century, and the Queen Anne style that it had evolved into by the 1890s. It is named after its use of linear "stickwork" (overlay board strips) on the outside walls to mimic an exposed half-timbered frame.
Asturias de Oviedo
Asturias de Oviedo is one of the historical comarcas in the Kingdom of Asturias. It extended from the Eo River in the west to the Deva River in the east, and from the Bay of Biscay in the north to the Cordillera Cantábrica in the south. Its capital and chief city was Oviedo. To its east lay the comarca of Asturias de Santillana.

The comarca received official status only with the reorganisation enacted by Ferdinand III of Castile in 1230 shortly after his accession to the Kingdom of León. It was designed, in part, to unite the two kingdoms, León and Castile, permanently. While the Asturias de Oviedo remained a part of León, the Asturias de Santillana with their capital in Santillana del Mar was placed within Castilian jurisdiction. In the 1833 territorial division of Spain the comarca was mostly converted into the province of Oviedo, now the province of Asturias.

Deva (river)
The Deva is a river in Northern Spain, flowing through the Autonomous Communities of Cantabria and Asturias until it flows into Tina Mayor, an estuary. Its main tributaries are the Cares and Urdón rivers, among others.

Deva is the name of a Celtic goddess related to the waters. As the names of the English rivers Dee, which are related, this may come from the Proto-Indo-European *deiueh2-, meaning 'a goddess'. The river is known for being one of the few Spanish watercourses to host native runs of Atlantic salmon.
Rainbow roll
Rainbow roll is a type of uramaki sushi roll filled with cucumber, avocado and crab stick. It is prepared with multiple types of fish, most commonly tuna, salmon, white fish, yellowtail, snapper, and eel. Rainbow roll is quite similar to the California roll, with the addition of tuna, salmon and avocado. Other variants include slices of mango next to avocado, or uses of imitation crab meat, fried shrimp tempura, and other seafood.

The name of the roll refers to the colourful pattern of raw fish and fruits across its top that resembles a rainbow.

It is also known as Geisha roll, dragon roll, or fish roll.

Salmon as food
Salmon is a common food fish classified as an oily fish with a rich content of protein and omega-3 fatty acids. Norway is a major producer of farmed and wild salmon, accounting for more than 50% of global salmon production. Farmed and wild salmon differ only slightly in terms of food quality and safety, with farmed salmon having lower content of environmental contaminants, and wild salmon having higher content of omega-3 fatty acids.
The Irascibles
The Irascibles or Irascible 18 were the labels given to a group of American abstract artists who put name to an open letter, written in 1950, to the president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, rejecting the museum's exhibition American Painting Today - 1950 and boycotting the accompanying competition. The subsequent media coverage of the protest and a now iconic group photograph that appeared in Life magazine gave them notoriety, popularized the term Abstract Expressionist and established them as the so-called first generation of the putative movement.

New York School (art)
The New York School was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1950s and 1960s in New York City. They often drew inspiration from surrealism and the contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular action painting, abstract expressionism, jazz, improvisational theater, experimental music, and the interaction of friends in the New York City art world's vanguard circle.
Multi-service tactical brevity code
Multi-Service Tactical Brevity Codes are standardized procedure words used by multiple branches of the military to efficiently communicate complex information through concise, easily understood terms. These codes are a specialized form of voice procedure intended to improve clarity, speed, and coordination in tactical operations.

Military tactics
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, mobility, protection or security, and shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the strategic and operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks.
1969 International Gold Cup
The 16th International Gold Cup was a non-championship Formula One race held at Oulton Park on August 16, 1969. The race was open to Formula One, Formula Two and Formula 5000 cars. Brabham driver Jacky Ickx was first in Formula One and first overall, ahead of Jochen Rindt giving the four wheel drive Lotus 63 its best ever result. Andrea de Adamich's Lola T142 was top Formula 5000 finisher and third overall, and Alan Rollinson in a Brabham was top Formula Two finisher and sixth overall. Jackie Stewart qualified his Matra MS80 on pole and set fastest lap but a pit stop to remedy a broken battery lead dropped him down the field.

Lotus 63
The Lotus 63 was an experimental Formula One car using four-wheel drive, designed by Colin Chapman and Maurice Philippe for the 1969 season. Chapman's reasoning behind the car was that the 3 litre engines introduced in 1966 would be better served by building a car that could take full advantage of its power while retaining the Lotus 49's simplicity.
Copper cycle
The copper cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of natural and anthropogenic exchanges of copper between reservoirs in the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. Human mining and extraction activities have exerted large influence on the copper cycle.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Eua Sunthornsanan
Eua Suntornsanan (Thai: เอื้อ สุนทรสนาน; RTGS: Uea Sunthonsanan; January 21, 1910, Amphawa, Samut Songkhram Province – April 1, 1981) was a singer, Thai composer and bandleader of the Suntaraporn Band. He was a pioneer in introducing Western music into Thai culture. He started the trend of international style Thai music, or Phleng Thai Sakon. He composed over 2,000 songs that have been popular until today, for example, Rumwong Loy Kratong, many Songkran and New Year songs, and other Thai traditional songs.
In 1975, he was given an insignia by the king.
In 1981 he died of cancer.
In 2007, the Ministry of Culture of Thailand nominated Kru Eua for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization (UNESCO) to honor Kru Eua Suntornsanan as Personality of the Year on the list of Anniversary of World Personalities and Historic Events 2010-2011, which was granted in 2010. Received the honor of being Burapasilpin in the performing arts category in 2015.

Samut Songkhram province
Samut Songkhram (Thai: สมุทรสงคราม, pronounced [sā.mùt sǒŋ.kʰrāːm]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

Neighbouring provinces are (from the south clockwise) Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi and Samut Sakhon. Local people call Samut Songkhram Mae Klong. The province is the smallest in area of all Thai provinces. Chang and Eng Bunker, the famous Siamese twins were born here on 11 May 1811.
Miss Grand Nicaragua 2023
Miss Grand Nicaragua 2023 was the second edition of the Miss Grand Nicaragua beauty pageant, held at Holiday Inn Managua Convention Center in Managua, Nicaragua, on 24 May 2023. Twelve candidates who qualified for the national pageant via an audition competed for the title, of whom, 28-year-old diplomacy and international relations graduate representing Rivas Department, Glennys Medina, was announced the winner.

Medina later represented Nicaragua at the international competition,Miss Grand International 2023, in Vietnam on 25 October, but was unplaced.

The event was hosted by two former Miss Grand Nicaragua, Epifanía Solís and Maycrin Jáenz, and was live transmitted to audiences worldwide via the organizer's Facebook page and YouTube channel.

Rivas Department
Rivas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈriβas]) is a department of the Republic of Nicaragua. It covers an area of 2,162 km2 (835 sq mi) and has a population of 183,611 (2021 estimate). The department's capital is the city of Rivas. The indigenous inhabitants of Rivas are the Nicarao, and was the location of the pre-Columbian Nahua chiefdoms of Kwawkapolkan and Kakawatan.
Up All Night (radio show)
Up All Night is a late night phone-in programme broadcast on the national news/sport station BBC Radio 5 Live in the United Kingdom, usually on air between 1 and 5 am every night. It is also broadcast on all of the BBC's local radio frequencies across England as well as on the BBC's Radio Scotland, Radio Wales, Radio Ulster and Radio Foyle.

The Washington Post once described the show, in its previous guise as a news and current affairs show, as probably the best night-time radio show in the world.

BBC Radio Scotland
BBC Radio Scotland is a Scottish national radio network owned and operated by BBC Scotland, a division of the BBC. It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes. It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978. The station is broadcast from the BBC Scotland studios at Pacific Quay in Glasgow.

Radio Scotland is broadcast in English, whilst sister station Radio nan Gàidheal broadcasts in Scottish Gaelic.

According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 793,000 and has a listening share of 5.7% as of October 2025.

Since August 2025, the station has been led by Victoria Easton-Riley, a former Bauer executive.
SS Tokomaru
SS Tokomaru was a British steam cargo ship built in 1893 as Westmeath by Swan Hunter of Wallsend for a Sunderland shipowner. The steamer was sold the following year to the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line, renamed Tokomaru, and converted to a refrigerated ship for their New Zealand and Australian routes. In January 1915 the ship was torpedoed and sank off Le Havre, France.

Reefer ship
A refrigerated cargo ship, also known as a reefer ship, is a refrigerated cargo ship typically used to transport perishable cargo, which require temperature-controlled handling, such as fruits, meat, vegetables, dairy products, and similar items.
Fuentes del Valle
Fuentes del Valle is the third-largest colonia in Tultitlán Municipality in Mexico State, Mexico. The neighborhood is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area and had a 2010 census population of 74,087 inhabitants. It lies near the northern tip of the Federal District (Distrito Federal), and between the larger Buenavista and San Pablo de las Salinas.

Colonia (Mexico)
In Mexican urban geography, colonias (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlonjas]) are barrios.

The name of the colonia must be specified when writing a postal address in Mexican cities. Usually colonias are assigned a specific postal code; nonetheless, in recent urban developments, gated communities are also defined as colonias and share the postal code of adjacent neighborhoods.

Colonias do not have jurisdictional autonomy or representation.
Gitega
Gitega (French pronunciation: [ɡiteɡa]), formerly Kitega, is the political capital of Burundi. Located in the centre of the country, in the Burundian central plateau roughly 62 kilometres (39 mi) east of Bujumbura, the largest city and former political capital, Gitega is the country's fourth largest city and former royal capital of the Kingdom of Burundi until its abolition in 1966. In December 2018, former President of Burundi Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would follow on a 2007 promise to return Gitega its former political capital status, with Bujumbura remaining as economic capital and centre of commerce. A vote in the Parliament of Burundi made the change official on 16 January 2019, with all branches of government expected to move in over three years.

Parliament of Burundi
The Parliament of Burundi (Kirundi:  Abashingamateka) consists of two chambers:

The Senate (Upper Chamber), called  Inama nkenguzamateka in Kirundi, is made up of 13 members

The National Assembly (Lower Chamber) , called   Inama nshingamateka in Kirundi, is made up of 111 members
Global Financial Centres Index
The Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI) ranks the competitiveness of financial centres based on over 29,000 assessments from an online questionnaire and over 100 indices from organisations such as the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Economist Intelligence Unit. It was first published in March 2007. It has been jointly published twice per year by the London-based think tank Z/Yen and the China Development Institute since 2015. It is widely quoted as a top source for ranking financial centres.

Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the British media company The Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports. The EIU provides country, industry, and management analysis worldwide and incorporates the former Business International Corporation, a UK company acquired by its parent company in 1986. The EIU has its main offices in four cities—London, NYC, Hong Kong and Dubai.

The Managing Director of the EIU is Leon Calvert, who was appointed in April 2025. The former MD was Robin Bew, formerly the Editorial Director and Chief Economist.
P. C. Joseph
Ponnattu Chacko Joseph (P. C. Joseph) is an Indian politician and a member of Janadhipathya Kerala Congress, one of the main factions of the Kerala Congress, a party born in Central Travancore or Central South Kerala region focusing on the interest of Kerala farmers. He was a member of the Kerala Legislature (Niyamasabha Mandiram), representing the Muvattupuzha constituency of Kerala.

P. C. Joseph is the son of Shri Chacko and Smt. Mariama, of the Ponnattu house. He is married to Pouly and has two sons.

Muvattupuzha
Muvattupuzha ([muʋɐːt̺ːupuɻɐ]) is a municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. It is located 35 km (21.7 mi) east of the district headquarters in Thrikkakara and about 204 km (126.8 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Muvattupuzha has a population of 30,397 people, out of which 15,010 are males and 15,387 are females and a population density of 2,306/km2 (5,970/sq mi).

Muvattupuzha is bordered by the Kottayam district on the southern side and the Idukki district on the eastern side. Muvattupuzha lies on the intersection between MC Road and National Highway 49, about 28 km (17 mi) from the district capital Ernakulam. Muvattupuzha is located 20 km (12 mi) from Thodupuzha, 17 km (11 mi) from Koothattukulam, and 5 km (3.1 mi) away from Arakuzha.
Ernst Tugendhat
Ernst Tugendhat (8 March 1930 – 13 March 2023) was a Czechoslovak-born German philosopher. He was a scion of the wealthy and influential Jewish Tugendhat family. They lived in Venezuela during the Nazi regime, and he studied first in Stanford University, then in Freiburg. He taught internationally in Europe and South America, with a focus on language analysis.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
In-Q-Tel
In-Q-Tel (IQT), formerly Peleus and In-Q-It, is an independent American not-for-profit venture capital firm based in Tysons, Virginia. It invests in companies to keep the Central Intelligence Agency, and other intelligence agencies, equipped with the latest in information technology in support of United States intelligence capability. The corporation receives funding primarily through contracts with the CIA and other U.S. government partners, but is not owned by the CIA. The name "In-Q-Tel" is an intentional reference to Q, the fictional inventor who supplies technology to James Bond.

Tysons, Virginia
Tysons, also known as Tysons Corner, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, spanning from the corner of SR 123  (Chain Bridge Road) and SR 7 (Leesburg Pike). It is part of the Washington metropolitan area and located in Northern Virginia between McLean and Vienna along I-495.

Tysons is home to two super-regional shopping malls, Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria, and the corporate and administrative headquarters of Alarm.com, Appian, Booz Allen Hamilton, Capital One, Freddie Mac, Hilton Worldwide, ID.me, Intelsat, M.C. Dean, Inc., MicroStrategy, and Tegna Inc.

As an unincorporated community, Tysons is Fairfax County's central business district and a regional commercial center. It has been called a quintessential example of an edge city. The population was 26,374 as of the 2020 census.
Politick! Magazine
Politick! Magazine was a quarterly British political magazine. The magazine was aimed at people aged 18 to 35 and was independent of any political party. The magazine was launched in November 2008 and was available through WHSmith, Borders and independent newsagents. Laura-Jane Foley was the magazine's founder and editor.

The first two issues of the magazine featured politicians and activists from all the major parties including David Blunkett, Lembit Öpik, Polly Toynbee, Charles Kennedy, Peter Tatchell, Michael Howard, Malcolm Rifkind, Lynne Featherstone, David Bull and Kate Hudson. The magazine also featured non-government organisations such as WWF Oxfam, Amnesty International and Christian Aid and gave information on how to get involved in political activism at all levels. It was closed in 2010.

Lembit Öpik
Lembit Öpik (/ˈlɛmbɪt ˈoʊpɪk/, Estonian: [ˈlembit ˈøpˑik]; born 2 March 1965) is a British former politician. A former member of the Liberal Democrats, he served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Montgomeryshire in Wales from 1997 until he lost his seat at the 2010 general election. He was the leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats from 2001 to 2007.

Öpik stood unsuccessfully for the position of President of the party in 2004 and 2008. He was also unsuccessful in a bid to become the Liberal Democrats' nominee in the 2012 London mayoral election.

Beyond his political work, Öpik has also been in the public eye through his appearances on several television shows and as a result of his personal relationships with ITV weather presenter Siân Lloyd and with pop star Gabriela Irimia of the Cheeky Girls, which drew considerable media attention.