hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arvi (given name)
Arvi is an Estonian and Finnish male given name.

People named Arvi include:

Arvi Aavik (born 1969), Estonian wrestler

Arvi Grotenfelt (1863–1941), Finnish philosopher and psychologist

Arvi Hurskainen (born 1941), Finnish scholar of language technology and linguistics

Arvi Kalsta (1890–1982), Finnish National Socialist

Arvi Kontu (1883–1945), Finnish agronomist and politician

Arvi Lind (born 1940), Finnish television news presenter

Arvi Mägi (born 1949), Estonian actor and theatre director

Arvi Malmivaara (1885–1970), Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician

Arvi Parbo (1926–2019), Estonian-Australian business executive

Arvi Pohjanpää (1887–1959), Finnish artistic gymnast

Arvi Savolainen (born 1998), Finnish Greco-Roman wrestler

Arvi Siig (1938–1999), Estonian poet, translator and journalist

Arvi Tervalampi (1928–2005), Finnish equestrian

Arvi Turkka (1894–1965), Finnish journalist and politician

Arvi Turkka
Arvi Turkka (2 October 1894 – 28 January 1965) was a Finnish journalist and politician, born in Oulu. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1933 to 1945 and again from 1948 to 1962, representing first the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP), later the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL). He was a member of the peace opposition during the Continuation War.
Protein carbonylation
In biochemistry, protein carbonylation refers to oxidation of the side chains of proteins to introduce ketone (>C=O) and aldehyde (−CH=O) groups in a protein.  The following amino acid residues are affected:

prolyl to pyrrolidone

glutamyl to glutamic semialdehyde

lysyl to aminoadipic acid semialdehyde

threonyl to amino ketobutyric acid

Carbonylation is typically assumed to be the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacking the protein side chain.  ROS species include hydroperoxide or lipic hydroperoxides.  Protein carbonylation is of interest because of its association with various diseases. Oxidative stress, often metal catalyzed, leads to protein carbonylation.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America
The Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America was a union of African-American tenant farmers and sharecroppers, organized by Robert L. Hill. A meeting of this union near Elaine, Arkansas, was disrupted on the evening of September 30, 1919. The fatal shooting of a white man sparked retaliation by whites; hundreds poured into the area, attacking blacks on sight and resulting in the Elaine Race Riot, believed to be the deadliest in American history.

Tenant farmer
A tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord, while tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. Depending on the terms of their contract, tenants may make payments to the owner either of a fixed portion of the product, cash, or a combination. The rights the tenant has over the land, the form, and measures of payment vary across systems (geographically and chronologically). In some systems, the tenant could be evicted at whim (tenancy at will); in others, the landowner and tenant sign a contract for a fixed number of years (tenancy for years or indenture). In most developed countries today, at least some restrictions are placed on the rights of landlords to evict tenants under normal circumstances.
Jean Doujat
Jean Doujat (1609, in Toulouse – 27 October 1688, in Paris) was a French lawyer, juris consultus, professor of canon law at the Collège royal, docteur-régent at the faculté de droit de Paris, preceptor of the Dauphin and historian. His works include histories of the reign of Louis XIV.

He wrote an important Grammaire espagnole abrégée.

Dauphin of France
Dauphin of France (/ˈdɔːfɪn/, also UK: /dɔːˈfɪn, ˈdoʊfæ̃/ US: /ˈdoʊfɪn, doʊˈfæ̃/; French: Dauphin de France [dofɛ̃ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ), originally Dauphin of Viennois (Dauphin de Viennois), was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791, and from 1824 to 1830. The word dauphin is French for dolphin and was originally the hereditary title of the ruler of the Dauphiné of Viennois. While early heirs were granted these lands to rule, eventually only the title was granted.

The wife of the Dauphin was known as la Dauphine.
Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford
Herbrand Arthur Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (19 February 1858 – 27 August 1940) was an English politician and peer. He was the son of Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford, and his wife Lady Elizabeth Sackville-West, daughter of George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr. A noted naturalist, he is considered to be the chief importer of the invasive grey squirrel species to Britain.

Eastern gray squirrel
The eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), known outside of the United States as the grey squirrel, is a species of tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus. It is native to eastern North America, where it is the most prodigious and ecologically essential natural forest regenerator. Widely introduced to certain places around the world, the eastern gray squirrel in Europe, in particular, is regarded as an invasive species.

In Europe, Sciurus carolinensis is included (since 2016) in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list). This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union.
MN&S Spur
The MN&S Spur is a 18.5-mile (29.8 km) railroad line operated by Canadian Pacific Kansas City and Progressive Rail Inc. The route runs through suburbs immediately west of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from MN&S Junction in Crystal south to Auto Club Junction in Bloomington near the Minnesota River.  This path is parallel to Minnesota State Highway 100, which is about half a mile east of the rail line.

Canadian Pacific Kansas City
Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited, doing business as CPKC (known as Canadian Pacific Railway Limited until 2023), is a Canadian Class I freight railway, headquartered in Calgary. It operates about 32,000 kilometres (20,000 mi) of rail in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, and is the only single-line rail corporation ever to connect the three countries.
Corofin (parish)
Corofin is a parish in County Clare, Ireland, and part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe. The parish is an amalgamation of the medieval parishes of Rath and Kilnaboy (or Killinaboy). At least since 1731, both parishes have been administered by one priest.

As of 2024, the parish priest is Des Hillary, with Pat O'Neil as assistant priest.

The main church of the parish is the Church of St. Brigid in Corofin, completed in 1823. This is possibly the first Catholic church in County Clare designed by an architect.

The second church of the parish is the "Church of St. Joseph" in Kilnaboy. This church was built in 1967. It replaced a barn church built in 1846 (now a garage). Tradition says that this barn church replaced a mass house built in 1725.

The third church of the parish is St. Mary in the townland of Roxton, part of the former parish of Rath. This church was built in 1869 and replaced an older church in the townland of Liscullaun.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
Teqball at the 2023 SEA Games
Teqball was a demonstration sport at the 2023 SEA Games in Cambodia. The tournaments were held at Federation of Youth Hall from 6 to 8 May 2023. FITEQ discussed the inclusion of teqball in the SEA Games back in May 2022 in Hanoi.

International Teqball Federation
The International Teqball Federation (FITEQ, French: Fédération Internationale de Teqball) is the governing body for the sport of teqball and para teqball. FITEQ is responsible for the organisation of teqball's major international tournaments, notably the Teqball World Championships.

FITEQ was founded in March 2017 following the sport's inception in 2014. Headquartered in Budapest, its membership now compromises 124 national federations.

FITEQ is responsible for the governance and management of teqball at the international level; the development and promotion of teqball globally; the codification of the official rules and regulations of teqball; supporting the establishment of National Federations; the education and development of athletes, coaches and technical officials; sanctioning national and international competitions and events; establishing and maintaining world-ranking statistics; and the governance, management and development of para teqball.
St. George's University School of Medicine
St. George's University School of Medicine is the medical school of St. George's University located in St. George's, Grenada. The school was founded by Charles R. Modica on July 23, 1976. Because of its size, the school placed more doctors into first-year US residency positions than any other medical school in the world between 2011 and 2012. It was rated by The Princeton Review as one of the "Best 168 Medical Schools" in 2012. There are 158 accredited MD-granting institutions in the United States.

St. George's, Grenada
St. George's (Grenadian Creole French: Sen Jòj) is the capital and largest city of Grenada. The city is surrounded by a hillside of an old volcano crater and is located on a horseshoe-shaped harbour.

St. George's is a popular Caribbean tourist destination. The town has witnessed an economic boom from 2014 to 2016, and also improved its tourism and various other sectors in 2022 while preserving its history, culture, and natural environment. The parish in which St George's is located, is the home of St. George’s University School of Medicine and Maurice Bishop International Airport. The main exports are cocoa bean (cacao), nutmeg, and mace spice.

It has a moderate tropical climate that ensures the success of spice production. Nutmeg is a key crop, followed by spices such as cocoa, mace, cloves, vanilla, cinnamon and ginger.
Goona Warra, Waljeers
Goona Warra is a civil parish of Waljeers County in the Riverina area Far West, New South Wales, Australia.

The parish is situated between Hay, New South Wales and Booligal within Hay Shire.The main feature of the parish is Lake Waljeers, and the Lachlan River. The area is semi arid and the main economy is broad acre agriculture, producing crops as wheat, barley, canola, as well as irrigated cotton and rice, which are crucial for supporting local farming communities.

Waljeers County
Waljeers County is one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It contains the town of Booligal.

The name Waljeers is derived from a local Aboriginal word of the Muthi Muthi tribe.

Lake Waljeers is one of largest lakes located north of the Lachlan River and the river crossing at Thellangering.
2023 Dallas Summer Series – Doubles
Maria Kozyreva and Veronika Miroshnichenko were the defending champions but Kozyreva chose not to participate. Miroshnichenko partnered alongside Maria Kononova, but lost in the quarterfinals to Sophie Chang and Ashley Lahey.

Chang and Lahey won the title, defeating Makenna Jones and Jamie Loeb in the final, 6–2, 6–2.

Maria Kozyreva
Maria Alexandrovna Kozyreva (Russian: Мария Александровна Козырева, born 22 May 1999) is a Russian tennis player.

She played college tennis for Saint Mary’s College of California and has been ranked as high as No. 15 in NCAA Division I singles.

Kozyreva claimed her first singles title in 2024 at the W50 event in São Paulo, Brazil. In 2025, she captured eight doubles titles, including four WTA 125 titles alongside partner Iryna Shymanovich.
2012 Finger Lakes 355 at The Glen
The 2012 Finger Lakes 355 at The Glen was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on August 12, 2012 at the Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York. Contested over 90 laps, it was the twenty-second race of the 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season and the second of two road course competitions on the schedule. After the tragedy at the previous race, the track prepared in the event that thunderstorms pass through the track. The track had set up more than 30 police cars with loudspeakers, nine television screens, and the staff has text message availabilities, all intended on warning fans of any thunderstorms approaching. Marcos Ambrose, from the Richard Petty Motorsports racing team, won the race ahead of Brad Keselowski. Jimmie Johnson finished in the third position. The race was most notable for a "chaotic" finish.

2003 Road Course Champion Robby Gordon did not enter this race, and elected to watch on television.

Watkins Glen, New York
Watkins Glen is a village and census-designated place in and the county seat of Schuyler County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,829. Watkins Glen lies between the towns of Dix and Reading. To the southwest of the village is the Watkins Glen International race track, which hosts annual NASCAR Cup Series and WeatherTech SportsCar Championship races, and formerly hosted the Formula One United States Grand Prix and various IndyCar races.
Rheinböllen (Verbandsgemeinde)
Rheinböllen is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat was in Rheinböllen. On 1 January 2020 it was merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen.

The Verbandsgemeinde Rheinböllen consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Argenthal

Benzweiler

Dichtelbach

Ellern

Erbach

Kisselbach

Liebshausen

Mörschbach

Rheinböllen

Riesweiler

Schnorbach

Steinbach

50°00′00″N 7°40′01″E﻿ / ﻿50.000°N 7.667°E﻿ / 50.000; 7.667

Schnorbach
Schnorbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the administrative unit Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern.
Ballymena Area D
Ballymena Area D was one of the four district electoral areas in Ballymena, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected six members to Ballymena Borough Council, and formed part of the North Antrim constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Ballyloughan, Castle Demesne, Dunclug, Fair Green, Park and Waveney. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Ballymena Town DEA.

1985 Ballymena Borough Council election
Elections to Ballymena Borough Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 23 councillors.
1988 Oakland Elementary School shooting
The Oakland Elementary School shooting was a school shooting in 1988 in Greenwood, South Carolina, United States, in which 19-year-old James William Wilson Jr. shot and killed two students and wounded seven other students, a teacher, and a gym coach at Oakland Elementary School. He shot people in the cafeteria and in a classroom. Wilson had a history of mental illness.

Greenwood, South Carolina
Greenwood is a city in and the county seat of Greenwood County, South Carolina. The population in the 2020 United States Census was 22,545 down from 23,222 at the 2010 census. The city is home to Lander University.
Oulad Aissa
Oulad Aissa is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9,736 people living in 1,636 households.

Souss-Massa
Souss-Massa (Arabic: سوس ماسة, romanized: sūs māssa) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 51,642 km2 and had a population of 3,020,431 as of the 2024 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Agadir.
David Vanderbilt
David Vanderbilt is an American physicist. He is a professor of physics at Rutgers University researching condensed-matter physics since 1991, and named Board of Governors Professor of Physics in 2009. He received his B.A. from Swarthmore College in 1976 and his Ph.D. from MIT in 1981 studying under John D. Joannopoulos. He received the Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics in 2006. The Aneesur Rahman prize is the highest honor given by the American Physical Society for work in computational physics. In 2013 he was elected to the National Academy of Science.

Aneesur Rahman Prize
The Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics is a prize that has been awarded annually by the American Physical Society since 1993. The recipient is chosen for "outstanding achievement in computational physics research" and it is the highest award given by the APS for work in computational physics. The prize is named after Aneesur Rahman (1927–1987), pioneer of the molecular dynamics simulation method. The prize was valued at $5,000 from 2007 to 2014, and is currently valued at $10,000.
Adam Keir Rodger
Adam Keir Rodger (1855–1946) was Coalition Liberal MP for Rutherglen from 1918 to 1922. At the age of 27 he started the Scottish Temperance Assurance Society Limited (later known as Scottish Mutual Assurance). The business was launched due to Rodger's faith in temperance. The company nearly went bankrupt when its first policy holder died requiring a payment of £1000. The company later sold a policy to David Lloyd George and is now credited to launching the assurance business in Scotland.

One of his sons, Lawton, died in the Spanish influenza pandemic in the aftermath of the First World War; the other sons William and Jack also served in the conflict and survived, with William later being awarded the Officer of the British Empire for his services to the legal profession.

Coalition Coupon
The Coalition Coupon was a letter sent to parliamentary candidates at the 1918 United Kingdom general election, endorsing them as official representatives of the Coalition Government. The 1918 election took place soon after British victory in the First World War. Receiving the coupon was interpreted by the electorate as a sign of patriotism that helped candidates gain election, while those who did not receive it had a more difficult time as they were sometimes seen as anti-war or pacifist. The letters were all dated 20 November 1918 and were signed by Prime Minister David Lloyd George for the Coalition Liberals and Bonar Law, the leader of the Conservative Party. As a result, the 1918 general election has become known as "the coupon election".

The name "coupon" was coined by Liberal leader H. H. Asquith, disparagingly using the jargon of rationing with which people were familiar in the context of wartime shortages.
Gianfranco Giachetti
Gianfranco Giachetti (27 September 1888 – 29 November 1936) was an Italian stage and film actor. He played the role of Father Costanzo in Alessandro Blasetti's historical film 1860. The same year, he appeared in The Old Guard as Doctor Cardini, the father of a young blackshirt who is killed in a street fight.

Alessandro Blasetti
Alessandro Blasetti (3 July 1900 – 1 February 1987) was an Italian film director and screenwriter who influenced Italian neorealism with the film Four Steps in the Clouds. Blasetti was one of the leading figures in Italian cinema during the Fascist era. He is sometimes known as the "father of Italian cinema" because of his role in reviving the struggling industry in the late 1920s.
Stormy, Misty's Foal
Stormy, Misty's Foal is a children's novel written by Marguerite Henry, illustrated by Wesley Dennis, and published by Rand McNally in 1963. It was a sequel to Misty of Chincoteague (1947). Both novels are based on historical characters, human and equine, but many of the facts were changed in the stories. Stormy describes events on Chincoteague during the Ash Wednesday Storm that hit the Eastern Seaboard March 6, 1962.

Rand McNally
Rand McNally is an American technology and publishing company that provides industry leading Atlases, Maps, Educational Materials, Truck Routing Software (MileMaker) and Telematics (GPS mapping software and hardware, Electronic Logging Devices, Asset Trackers, Tablets, Brake Monitoring Systems (Safety Direct) and a Data Platform) for commercial transportation. The company is headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois, with a distribution center in Richmond, Kentucky and offices in Portugal and Australia .
Harry Stine (baseball)
Harry C. Stine (February 20, 1864 – June 6, 1924) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Philadelphia Athletics of the American Association during the 1890 season.

After baseball, Stine became a businessman. He died at his home in Niagara Falls, New York on June 6, 1924.

Philadelphia Athletics (American Association)
The Philadelphia Athletics were a professional baseball team, one of six charter members of the American Association, a 19th-century major league, which began play in 1882 as a rival to the National League. The other teams were the Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Red Stockings, Eclipse of Louisville, Pittsburgh Alleghenys, and St. Louis Brown Stockings. The team took its name from a previous team, which played in the National Association from 1871 through 1875 and in the National League in 1876.
Owen Trout
Owen Trout (born 15 October 1999) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a loose forward, second-row or prop for the Leigh Leopards in the Super League and England at international level.

He has previously played for the Huddersfield Giants and Leeds Rhinos in the Super League, and on loan from Leeds at the Dewsbury Rams and Featherstone Rovers in the Championship.

Trout was called in to the England squad for the first time ahead of the Ashes in 2026.

Featherstone Rovers
Featherstone Rovers is a professional rugby league club in Featherstone, West Yorkshire, England. The club last competed in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league, but were not granted RFL membership for the 2026 season due to the club's financial difficulties.

Featherstone Rovers won the League Championship once and Challenge Cup three times.

The club played home games at Post Office Road. Their local rivals were Castleford and Wakefield Trinity, and in the Championship, Halifax. The club's traditional home colours were white with blue hoops.
Siamosuchus
Siamosuchus is a genus of goniopholidid mesoeucrocodylian. Its fossils have been recovered from the early Aptian-aged (Early Cretaceous) Sao Khua Formation of eastern Thailand.  It is known from a partial skull, most of the right half of the postcranial skeleton, and some bony scutes. Siamosuchus was described by Lauprasert and colleagues in 2007. The type species is S. phuphokensis.  Siamosuchus may be closely related to the European genus Goniopholis.

Mesoeucrocodylia
Mesoeucrocodylia is the clade that includes Eusuchia and crocodyliforms formerly placed in the paraphyletic group Mesosuchia. The group appeared during the Early Jurassic, and continues to the present day.