hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Rosenau
Philip Rosenau (Hebrew: פיליפ רוזנאו; born 1946), is an Israeli mathematician and a poet. He is a professor at the Department of Applied Mathematics at Tel Aviv University. He introduced compactons, along with James M. Hyman.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
2017 Open 13 Provence – Doubles
Mate Pavić and Michael Venus were the defending champions, but Venus chose to compete in Delray Beach instead. Pavić played alongside Alexander Peya, but lost in the quarterfinals to Robin Haase and Dominic Inglot.

Julien Benneteau and Nicolas Mahut won the title, defeating Haase and Inglot in the final, 6–4, 6–7(9–11), [10–5].

Alexander Peya
Alexander Peya (born 27 June 1980) is an Austrian tennis coach and a former professional player. His career-high doubles ranking was World No. 3, first achieved in August 2013. He also reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 92 in April 2007. Peya won the 2018 Wimbledon mixed doubles title alongside Nicole Melichar-Martinez, defeating Jamie Murray and Victoria Azarenka in the final.
Boston University Academy
Boston University Academy  (BUA) is a private high school operated by Boston University.  Founded in 1993 and located on the Boston University campus, the academy is geared toward college preparatory work.  As part of its integration with the university, students are able to take college courses for credit their junior and senior years. Students are guaranteed acceptance to Boston University if they maintained a 3.0 grade point average in Boston University courses and have no history of major disciplinary actions.

BUA's student body is drawn from over 51 communities: 33% come from public schools, 61% from independent schools, 5% from parochial schools and 1% are from home-school or international schools; 53% are students of color and 37% of students come from multilingual households (representing 30 languages). BUA provides need-based tuition assistance to approximately 29% of the students as of the 2024–2025 academic year.

Grading in education
Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100). The exact system that is used varies worldwide.
Gabriel Girón
Gabriel Oscar Girón Villarreal (born 27 February 1988) is a Mexican-Panamanian professional basketball player for Libertadores de Querétaro of the Mexican Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP). He was a part of the 2017 Mexican championship winning Fuerza Regia team, and was a member of the Mexico's national basketball team at the 2016 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament – Turin, Italy.

Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional
The National Professional Basketball League (Spanish: Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional or LNBP), officially known as the Liga Caliente LNBP for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional basketball league in Mexico. The league was founded in 2000 with 10 teams.

Notable basketball players who have played in the league include Jamario Moon, Dennis Rodman and Sun Mingming, among many others.
Morris Commercial J4
The Morris Commercial J4 is a 10 cwt (0.5 ton) forward-control van (driver's controls in front of front wheels) launched by Morris Commercial in 1960 and produced with two facelifts until 1974.

The van was marketed first as both the Morris J4 and the Austin J4.  Following the formation of the British Leyland Motor Corporation in 1968, into which British Motor Corporation (BMC), by then a subsidiary of British Motor Holdings, had been absorbed, the van was branded as the BMC J4.

Austin Motor Company
The Austin Motor Company Limited was a British manufacturer of motor vehicles, founded in 1905 by Herbert Austin in Longbridge. In 1952 it was merged with Morris Motors Limited in the new holding company British Motor Corporation (BMC) Limited, keeping its separate identity. The marque Austin was used until 1987 by BMC's successors British Leyland and Rover Group. The trademark is currently owned by the Chinese firm SAIC Motor, after being transferred from bankrupt subsidiary Nanjing Automotive which had acquired it with MG Rover Group in July 2005.
Vulcan (automobile company)
Vulcan Manufacturing Company was an American brass era automobile manufacturer based in Painesville, Ohio, founded in 1914.

Vulcan's first products were the Model 27 speedster and five-passenger tourer. They ran on a 115 in (2,900 mm) wheelbase and had a 27 hp (20 kW) engine 3+3⁄8 in × 5 in (86 mm × 127 mm) and left-hand drive. The speedster was US$750 and the tourer $850, compared to $650 for the high-volume Oldsmobile Runabout.

The Vulcan Power Wagon truck was produced around 1915, at least some under license by Driggs-Seabury, and was rated at three to seven tons depending on model.

Wheelbase
In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels. For road vehicles with more than two axles (e.g. some trucks), the wheelbase is  the distance between the steering (front) axle and the centerpoint of the driving axle group. In the case of a tri-axle truck, the wheelbase would be the distance between the steering axle and a point midway between the two rear axles.
Passiflora biflora
Passiflora biflora, the twoflowered passionflower, is a vine with paired peduncles and flowers up to 3.5 cm (1.4 in) wide. It is native to the New World from Mexico to Colombia, Venezuela, and the West Indies. In Florida, P. biflora has been classified by the Exotic Pest Plant Council as a non-native species that has the "potential to disrupt native plant communities." Besides the paired flowers, its other unique feature is its corona which is entirely yellow.

Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of a flower. It is a structure consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals); in perigones it consists of the tepals. It forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs,. The term perianth is derived from Greek περί (peri, "around") and άνθος (anthos, "flower"), while perigonium is derived from περί (peri) and γόνος (gonos, "seed, sex organs").
In the mosses and liverworts (Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile (neither male nor female) tube-like tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure or developing sporophyte.
Mammoth (Dimitri Vegas, Moguai and Like Mike song)
"Mammoth" is a song by Belgian electronic DJ duo Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike and German DJ and producer Moguai. It was released on Beatport on 4 March 2013. The song charted in Belgium, Germany, France, and the Netherlands. The song also recently finished second in TomorrowLand Radio Ones top 1000 songs ever played at TomorrowLand. The song is synonymous with Dimitri Vegas and Like Mike's TomorrowLand sets. It was also used in the 2012 TomorrowLand after movie in a mashup with M83's hit Midnight City.

Midnight City
"Midnight City" is a song by French electronic music band M83. It was first released in France on 16 August 2011, as the lead single from the group's sixth studio album, Hurry Up, We're Dreaming (2011). The song was written by Anthony Gonzalez, Yann Gonzalez, Morgan Kibby and Justin Meldal-Johnsen.

The track saw international success, peaking at number eight in France and charting on Billboard Alternative Songs and Rock Songs charts. Due to French network TF1's use of the song as the closing theme after the UEFA Euro 2012 football matches, the song topped the digital French chart. Elsewhere, "Midnight City" rose to acclaim in the United Kingdom in 2012, following its selection as the theme to reality TV show Made in Chelsea and prominent usage for the BBC's London 2012 Olympic Games coverage; it peaked at number thirty-four on the UK Singles Chart.
Lord Howard's Battery
Lord Howard's Battery is a former gun battery built in 1908–09 to defend the approach to HMNB Devonport through Plymouth Sound and Jennycliff Bay.

The battery was armed with two BL 6-inch Mk VII guns, which were removed prior to World War II. The battery was recommissioned in 1941 with the installation of two guns of the same type, and these remained in place until the battery's closure in 1946.

After its closure, the battery was used as a caravan site. During the late 20th-century, the battery and its surrounding area was transformed into a public space by Plymouth City Council. The two gun emplacements and magazine were infilled with earth, and all ancillary buildings were demolished. The features that remain visible include the concrete aprons of the emplacements and a concrete parapet. Adjacent to Jennycliff Cafe is the battery's former blockhouse.

Jennycliff Bay
Jennycliff Bay (often used interchangeably with Jennycliff) is a bay on the South West Coast Path in Plymouth, Devon, England. It is managed by Plymouth City Council and is both designated a County Wildlife Site (CWS) and part of the Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) known as Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs. From its upper grassy area, the bay overlooks Mount Batten and Plymouth Sound.
Lichens of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
Lichens of the Sierra Nevada have been little studied. A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont or phycobiont) growing together in a symbiotic relationship.

One classification of Sierra Nevada lichens is according to functional groups, by the National Park Service. These functional groups overlap with each other. These include forage lichens (eaten by animals), nitrogen fixers (can take nitrogen molecules from the air and attach them to other molecules), acidophiles (acid loving lichens), wolf lichens, crustose lichens on rock, crustose lichens on bark and wood, biotic soil crusts, aquatic lichens, other green algal macrolichens, and pin lichens (calicoids)”.: 2  These functional groups overlap.: 4  In this article, we include wolf lichens as a subsection of crustose lichens growing on wood.

Soil crust
Soil crusts are soil surface layers that are distinct from the rest of the bulk soil, often hardened with a platy surface. Depending on the manner of formation, soil crusts can be biological or physical. Biological soil crusts are formed by communities of microorganisms that live on the soil surface whereas physical crusts are formed by physical impact such as that of raindrops.
Koutoua Abia
Koutoua Francis Abia (born August 13, 1965) is an Ivorian sprint canoer who has competed since the early 1990s. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, he was eliminated in the repechages of the K-2 500 m event. Four years later in Atlanta, Abia was eliminated in the repechages of the K-1 500 m event. At his third and most recent Summer Olympics in Beijing, he was eliminated in the first round in both the K-1 500 m and the K-1 1000 m events.

Canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's K-1 1000 metres
The men's K-1 1000 metres competition in canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park in Beijing on 22 August. The K-1 event is raced in single-person kayaks.

Competition consists of three rounds: the heats, the semifinals, and the final. All boats compete in the heats. The top finisher in each of the three heats advances directly to the final, while the next six finishers (places 2 through 7) in each heat move on to the semifinals. The top three finishers in each of the two semifinals join the heats winners in the final.
Gamut2
The gamut2 is an indoor rowing machine (or "erg") designed to duplicate the motion and feel of sweep rowing in a racing scull.  It enables the coach to evaluate the stroke of individual rowers, including the power applied during the different phases of the stroke.

Rowing stroke
In rowing (sport), the stroke is the action of moving the oar through the water in order to propel the boat forward. The two fundamental reference points in the stroke are the catch where the oar blade is placed in the water, and the extraction (also known as the 'finish', 'release' or 'tapping down') where the oar blade is removed from the water. After the blade is placed in the water at the catch, the rower applies pressure to the oar levering the boat forward which is called the drive phase of the stroke. Once the rower extracts the oar from the water, the recovery phase begins, setting up the rower's body for the next stroke.
Sensitization
Sensitization is a non-associative learning process in which repeated administration of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response. Sensitization is often characterized by an enhancement of response to a whole class of stimuli in addition to the one that is repeated. For example, repetition of a painful stimulus may make one more responsive to a loud noise.

Multiple chemical sensitivity
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is an unrecognized and controversial diagnosis characterized by chronic symptoms attributed to exposure to low levels of commonly used chemicals. Symptoms are typically vague and non-specific. They may include fatigue, headaches, nausea, and dizziness.

Recent imaging studies have shown that it is likely a neurological condition.

MCS is a chronic disease that requires ongoing management.  In the long term, about half of people with MCS get better and about half continue to be affected, sometimes severely.
Jules Chabot de Bouin
Nicolas Jules Chabot de Bouin (Chef-Boutonne, 5 September 1807 – Paris 1857) was a French writer, novelist and playwright of the 19th century.

He composed both under his name and under the pseudonyms  Jules Pecharel, Michel Morin and Octave de Saint-Ernest.

His plays were presented on several Parisian stages of his time, such as the Théâtre des Variétés, the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques, the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique, the Théâtre de la Renaissance, the Théâtre du Gymnase, the Théâtre de Madame,  and the Théâtre du Panthéon.

Théâtre des Variétés
The Théâtre des Variétés (French pronunciation: [teɑtʁ de vaʁjete]) is a theatre and "salle de spectacles" at 7–8, boulevard Montmartre, 2nd arrondissement, in Paris. It was declared a monument historique in 1974.
2016 Moselle Open – Doubles
Łukasz Kubot and Édouard Roger-Vasselin were the defending champions, but Kubot chose not to participate this year. Roger-Vasselin played alongside Julien Benneteau, but lost in the first round to Marcus Daniell and Marcelo Demoliner.

Julio Peralta and Horacio Zeballos won the title, defeating Mate Pavić and Michael Venus in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–4).

Marcelo Demoliner
Marcelo Fedrizzi Demoliner (born 18 January 1989) is a Brazilian professional tennis player, who specializes in doubles. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 34 in November 2017. Demoliner has won five doubles titles.

He won his first title at the ATP 250 Antalya Open with Santiago González in June 2018, after having reached six finals at that level. He was runner-up at the ATP 500 Vienna in 2018 and Saint Petersburg in 2020.

Alongside Maria José Martinez Sanchez, he was a mixed doubles semifinalist in 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open.
Ichinomiya, Kumamoto
Ichinomiya (一の宮町, Ichinomiya-machi) was a town located in Aso District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

By 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,977 and a density of 94.54 persons per km2. The total area was 105.53 km2.

On February 11, 2005, Ichinomiya, along with the town of Aso (former), and the village of Namino (all from Aso District), was merged to create the city of Aso and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Ichinomiya literally means "the first shrine" of the province. In case of this town, it is referred to the Aso Shrine of the Higo Province.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Kwak Jaesik
Kwak Jaesik (Korean: 곽재식; Hanja: 郭財植) is a South Korean novelist, science fiction writer and chemist. His pen name is Gerecter. He is best known for stories of ordinary people with plot twists of science fiction or fantasy elements. Some of his work has been adapted to television drama and comics.

Kwak has also written experimental literature including 140 Character Stories (140자 소설) posted on a Twitter account, which was featured on an EBS radio show's introduction.

Educational Broadcasting System
Korea Educational Broadcasting System (Korean: 한국교육방송공사; RR: Hanguggyoyugbangsong-gongsa) or EBS is a South Korean educational public radio and television network covering South Korean territory, and the only major South Korean radio and television network joint venture Ministry of Science and ICT and Ministry of Education without a separate regional service. It was established as KBS 3 and KBS Educational Radio in the 1980s, and became an independent corporation in 1990.
Tara Babulfath
Tara Babulfath (born 3 January 2006) is a Swedish judoka. She is an Olympic and World Championships bronze medalist in the women's 48 kg division.

Babulfath is also a European Cadet and IJF Grand Slam champion, having won the 48 kg events at the 2022 European Cadet Championships in Poreč and the 2024 Baku Grand Slam. She also earned silver and bronze medals at the World Cadets Championships.

Babulfath placed third at the 2024 World Championships and won a bronze medal in the women's 48 kg event at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, becoming the first Swedish judoka to win an Olympic medal. She was also one of Sweden's 2024 Summer Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers. Babulfath is coached by Jane Bridge.

World Judo Cadets Championships
The World Judo Cadets Championships are the highest level of international judo competition for juniors, 18 years of age or less. The championships are held every year by the International Judo Federation, and qualified judoka compete in their respective categories as representatives of their countries. The last edition of the championships took place in Sofia, Bulgaria in 2025.
2003 New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico primaries
The 2003 New Progressive Party primaries were the primary elections by which voters of the New Progressive Party (PNP) chose its nominees for various political offices of Puerto Rico, namely the position of governor, for the 2004 general elections. Former Governor Pedro Rosselló was selected as the nominee at the primary elections held on November 9, 2003. He would go on to narrowly lose the 2004 general election against Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, from the Popular Democratic Party (PPD).

Charlie Rodríguez
Charles Anthony Rodríguez-Colón (born August 26, 1954) is a New York City-born Puerto Rican politician affiliated with the New Progressive Party (NPP). He served as the eleventh president of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 1997 until 2000.
German submarine U-519
German submarine U-519 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 23 June 1941 at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg as yard number 334, launched on 12 February 1942 and commissioned on 7 May 1942 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Günter Eppen.

After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla, U-519 was transferred to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 November 1942.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Pekka Lehto
Pekka Lehto (born 14 March 1948) is a Finnish film director. He has directed fifteen films since 1976. He co-directed Flame Top with Pirjo Honkasalo and the film was entered into the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.  He also won the Jussi Award for Best Director for the film.

His 1992 film Kaivo was entered into the competition at the 49th Venice International Film Festival.

1981 Cannes Film Festival
The 34th Cannes Film Festival was held from 13 to 27 May 1981. French filmmaker Jacques Deray served as jury president for the main competition.

Polish filmmaker Andrzej Wajda won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the film Man of Iron.

The festival opened with Three Brothers by Francesco Rosi, and closed with Honeysuckle Rose by Jerry Schatzberg.
2025 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Singles
Tomáš Macháč defeated Alejandro Davidovich Fokina in the final, 7–6(8–6), 6–2, to win the singles title at the 2025 Abierto Mexicano Telcel. It was his first ATP Tour title.

Alex de Minaur was the two-time reigning champion, but chose to compete in Dubai instead.

Alex de Minaur
Alex de Miñaur Román (born 17 February 1999) is an Australian professional tennis player. He has been ranked by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) as high as world No. 6 in singles, which he achieved on 15 July 2024, and No. 58 in doubles, attained on 12 October 2020. He is the current No. 1 singles player from Australia.

De Minaur has won eleven ATP Tour titles in singles and one in doubles. He has reached seven major quarterfinals. He represents Australia at the Davis Cup.
No Comments
"No Comments" is a song by American rapper and singer Don Toliver. It was released through Cactus Jack and Epic Records as the fifth and final single from JackBoys 2, the second collaborative compilation album by Cactus Jack (under the name JackBoys) and the label's founder, fellow American rapper and singer Travis Scott, on August 8, 2025. Toliver wrote the song with producers Jahaan Sweet and 206Derek. It features an outro skit from fellow American rapper Bun B.

Cactus Jack Records
Cactus Jack Records is an American record label and music publishing company founded by American rapper Travis Scott on January 10, 2017. As of 2025, current acts include Scott himself, Sheck Wes, Don Toliver, Luxury Tax, SoFaygo and Wallie the Sensei, while former acts include Smokepurpp and Malu Trevejo. The label's artists are collectively known as the hip-hop group JackBoys.

The label also has its own publishing entity, Cactus Jack Publishing, to whom they signed DJ Chase B on the recording side, and Canadian record producer WondaGurl and rapper and songwriter Dougie F on the publishing side.