hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Period-luminosity relation
In astronomy, a period-luminosity relation is a relationship linking the luminosity of pulsating variable stars with their pulsation period.
The best-known relation is the direct proportionality law holding for Classical Cepheid variables, sometimes called the Leavitt Law.  Discovered in 1908 by Henrietta Swan Leavitt, the relation established Cepheids as foundational indicators of cosmic benchmarks for scaling galactic and extragalactic distances.
The physical model explaining the Leavitt's law for classical cepheids is called kappa mechanism.

Proportionality (mathematics)
In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio. The ratio is called coefficient of proportionality (or proportionality constant) and its reciprocal is known as constant of normalization (or normalizing constant). Two sequences are inversely proportional if corresponding elements have a constant product.

Two functions  and  are proportional if their ratio  is a constant function.

If several pairs of variables share the same direct proportionality constant, the equation expressing the equality of these ratios is called a proportion, e.g., ⁠a/b⁠ = ⁠x/y⁠ = ⋯ = k (for details see Ratio).
Proportionality is closely related to linearity.
Tanggula Mountains
The Tanggula (Chinese: 唐古拉山, p Tánggǔlāshān, or 唐古拉山脉, p Tánggǔlāshānmài), Tangla, Tanglha, or Dangla Mountains (Tibetan: གདང་ལ་།, w Gdang La, z Dang La) is a mountain range in the central part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Tibet. Administratively, the range is in the Nagqu Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region, with the central section extending into the Tanggula Town and the eastern section entering the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai province.

Tanggula is the source of the Ulan Moron and Dam Qu Rivers, the geographic headwaters of the Yangtze River. It functions as a dividing range between the basin of the Yangtze in the north and the endorheic basin of northeastern Tibet in the south.

Tibetan pinyin
The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Standard Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin or ZWPY (Chinese: 藏文拼音; pinyin: Zàngwén Pīnyīn), is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. It is based on the pronunciation used by China National Radio's Tibetan Radio, which is based on the Lhasa dialect. It has been used within China and international cartographic products as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script since 1982.

Tibetan pinyin is a phonetic transcription, and as such its spelling is tied to actual pronunciation (although tone is not marked). Wylie on the other hand is a transliteration system, where mechanical conversion to and from Tibetan and Latin script is possible. Within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with a v replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.
Phebalium stenophyllum
Phebalium stenophyllum, commonly known as narrow-leaved phebalium,  is a species of small shrub that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has scaly branchlets, narrow oblong to more or less cylindrical leaves and yellow flowers in umbels of three to ten.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Laurence Youens
Laurence Walter Youens (14 December 1873 – 14 November 1939) was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the Bishop of Northampton from 1933 to 1939.

Born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, on 14 December 1873, he was received into the Catholic Church in 1890. He was ordained to the priesthood on 30 June 1901. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Northampton by the Holy See on 16 June 1933. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 25 July 1933. The principal consecrator was Thomas Williams, Archbishop of Birmingham, and the principal co-consecrators were John McNulty, Bishop of Nottingham, and Joseph Butt, Auxiliary Bishop of Westminster.

He died in office on 14 November 1939, aged 65, and was buried at Belmont Abbey, Herefordshire.

Catholicism portal

Episcopal polity
An episcopal polity, also known as episcopalianism, is a hierarchical form of church governance in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. The word "bishop" here is derived via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term *ebiscopus/*biscopus, from Ancient Greek  ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos) 'overseer'. It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and denominations, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anabaptist, Lutheran, and Anglican churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages. Many Methodist denominations have a form of episcopal polity known as connexionalism.
Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta season 5
The fifth season of the reality television series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta aired on VH1 from April 4, 2016, until August 8, 2016. The season was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. It was executively produced by Mona Scott-Young and Stephanie R. Gayle for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud, Stefan Springman, Mala Chapple, David DiGangi, Lashan Browning and Donna Edge-Rachell for Eastern TV, and Nina L. Diaz and Vivian Gomez for VH1.

The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the Atlanta area, involved in hip hop music. It consists of 18 episodes, including Exposed and Unfiltered, a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker.

Mimi Faust
Oluremi Fela Faust (née James) (born January 3, 1972), known professionally as Mimi Faust, is an American reality television personality who stars on the VH1 program Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta. She first appeared as the long-time girlfriend of producer Stevie J.
Wendel, Illinois
Wendel is an unincorporated community in Bureau County, Illinois, United States, located along U.S. Route 34, west of Mendota. Wendel is home to the Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church of Clarion, pastored by Kevin Weeks. It is the location of the Clarion Township building, as well as a handful of houses.

U.S. Route 34
U.S. Route 34 (US 34) is an east–west United States highway that runs for 1,122 miles (1,806 km) from north-central Colorado to the western suburbs of Chicago. Through Rocky Mountain National Park it is known as the Trail Ridge Road where it reaches an elevation of 12,183 feet (3,713 m), making it one of the highest paved through highways in the United States. The highway's western terminus is Granby, Colorado at US 40. Its eastern terminus is in Berwyn, Illinois at Illinois Route 43.

U.S. Route 34 becomes a toll road for a short distance  in Colorado, where it passes through Rocky Mountain National Park.
MKB Bank
MKB Bank, initially Magyar Külkereskedelmi Bank (lit. 'Hungarian Foreign Trade Bank'), was a Hungarian state-owned bank founded in 1950. It was privatized in the mid-1990s, then renationalized in the 2010s. It eventually merged in the early 2020s with Budapest Bank and Takarékbank to form Magyar Bank Holding, branded MBH Bank, thus creating the second-largest commercial bank in Hungary behind OTP Bank. The complex three-way merger was announced in 2020 and completed in 2023.

Bayerische Landesbank
Bayerische Landesbank, also known as BayernLB, is a publicly regulated bank based in Munich, Germany and one of the six Landesbanken. It is 75% owned by the Free State of Bavaria (indirectly via BayernLB Holding AG) and 25% owned by the Sparkassenverband Bayern, the umbrella organization of Bavarian Sparkassen. With a balance of €285,70 billion and 7,703 employees (in the group; 3,343 in the bank itself), it is the seventh-largest financial institution in Germany.

BayernLB has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.
Chia-ying Yeh
Florence Chia-ying Yeh FRSC (July 2, 1924 – November 24, 2024), also known as Ye Jiaying (simplified Chinese: 叶嘉莹; traditional Chinese: 葉嘉瑩), Jialing (迦陵), and by her married name Chia-ying Yeh Chao, was a Chinese-born Taiwanese-Canadian poet and sinologist. She was a scholar of classical Chinese poetry. Yeh taught for 20 years at the University of British Columbia (UBC), and was a professor emerita from her retirement in 1989. She was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. After retiring from UBC, she taught at Nankai University in Tianjin, where she was the founding Director of the Institute of Chinese Classical Culture.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
2015 Formula 3 Brasil season
The 2015 Fórmula 3 Brasil season is the ninth Fórmula 3 Brasil season and the second since 1995, replacing the Formula 3 Sudamericana series as the highest-profile single-seater championship on the continent. In 2015 F3 Brasil will be integrated at Stock Car Brasil event, exception for the first and last round.

Brazilian Formula Three Championship
Fórmula 3 Brasil was a Brazilian Formula Three racing competition, organised by the Vicar and CBA. It is a junior-level feeder formula that uses small single seater Formula Three chassis. The series was disputed from 1989 until 1995 and was revived in 2013, the series replacing Formula 3 Sudamericana in 2014. It was folded again 2017.
Tony Thorne
Tony Thorne (born 1950 in Cairo, Egypt) is a British author, linguist and lexicographer specialising in slang, jargon and cultural history. He is a leading authority on language change and language usage in the UK and across the English-speaking world.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Paul Peter Vilhelm Breder
Paul Peter Vilhelm Breder (10 April 1816–15 January 1890) was a Norwegian civil servant, lawyer, and politician.  He was born in Halden, Norway in 1816 and died in Drammen in 1890.

From 1854 to 1858 he was County Governor of Nordlands amt.  He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1857, representing Nordland county from 1857 to 1858.   In 1858, he was named the County Governor of Buskeruds amt, a position that he held until 1882.  After that he became a customs official based out of Drammen.

Halden
Halden (pronounced [ˈhɑ̀ɫdn̩] ⓘ), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast.

The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about 120 km (75 mi) south of Oslo, 190 km (120 mi) north of Gothenburg, and 12 km (7.5 mi) west of the border crossing at Svinesund.
Giroud
Giroud is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Bayo y Giroud (1892–1967), Cuban military leader and writer

Françoise Giroud (1916–2003), French journalist, screenwriter, writer and politician

Frank Giroud (1956–2018), French comics writer

Jean-Pierre Giroud (born 1938), French geotechnical engineer and geosynthetics pioneer

Olivier Giroud (born 1986), French footballer

Pavel Giroud (born 1973), Cuban film director

Thibault Giroud (born 1974), French rugby union coach

Thibault Giroud
Thibault Giroud (born 9 March 1974 in Grenoble, France) is a French rugby union coach working as the Performance Director for the French national team. He was previously a strength and conditioning coach for Glasgow Warriors. He previously played for NFL Europe (American football) as a Running Back; trained as a Sprinter; as an Olympic Bobsleigher; then a rugby union player and now strength & conditioning coach with various rugby teams.
Ubi pus, ibi evacua
Ubi pus, ibi evacua is a Latin aphorism or adage, often cited in medicine, meaning "where [there is] pus, there evacuate [it]". It refers to what clinicians should do when there is a collection of pus in the body; that is, to create an opening for it to evacuate. A contemporary expression of the same sentiment is also used: "if there's pus about, let it out" or "let no sun set on an undrained abscess".

Examples include what an otorhinolaryngologist will often do in case of a child with chronic recurring otitis media: Insert a grommet in the eardrum to help evacuate the excess fluid within. Antibiotics often have difficulties getting into an abscess, and do not work well because of a low pH; evacuation through a drainage-channel, on the other hand, will remove a large number of bacteria and thus greatly aid the resolution of the infection.

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.
Odd Arne Espevoll
Odd Arne Espevoll (born 5 June 1976) is a retired Norwegian football defender.

He hails from Vikedal and started his career in Vindafjord IL. He made his debut for Viking FK in late 1994 and remained there through 2003, except the season 2001 when he was loaned out to FK Haugesund. In 2004 he joined Hinna, then Jarl.

Espevoll was capped for Norway on under-21 level. He participated in the bronze medal-winning squad at the 1998 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.

Ahead of the 2023 season he was announced as the new coach of Jarl.

FK Haugesund
Fotballklubben Haugesund (lit. 'Football Club Haugesund'), usually referred to as FK Haugesund or FKH, is a professional football club from the city of Haugesund that plays in the second tier of the Norwegian football league system.

FK Haugesund previously played in the top division in 1996–1998, 2000 and in 2010–2025. The club have been runners-up in the Norwegian Cup in 2007 and 2019 as well as having competed in the qualifying stages for the UEFA Europa League in 2014–15, 2017–18 and 2019–20. The club's best achievement in the national league is the bronze medal in Eliteserien in 2013, and fourth place in the 2016 and 2018-seasons.

It was originally founded on 28 October 1993 after a merger between the Haugesund-based football clubs Djerv 1919 and SK Haugar. The club plays its home matches at the Haugesund Stadion near the city-centre of Haugesund. The stadium has a capacity of 8,754. Maakeberget is the official but independent supporter club of FK Haugesund.
Unione Giovani Ebrei d'Italia
The Unione Giovani Ebrei d'Italia (UGEI) (English: Italian Union of Jewish Students and Young Professionals) is an Italian organization for young Jewish people.  It is the youth branch of the Union of Italian Jewish Communities, the umbrella organization for Jewish communities and organizations in the country. It represents all Italian Jews between 18 and 35 years old, as well as all local Jewish youth organizations.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Ballograf
Ballograf AB is a Swedish manufacturer of writing implements. Ballograf manufactures its products from raw materials to finished product in its factory in Västra Frölunda, Gothenburg.

Current range of instruments manufactured by Ballograf include mechanical pencils and ballpoint pens. The company is also distributor of several brands in Sweden, such as Sheaffer, Staedtler and Cross, which allow Ballograf to expand its variety to fountain and rollerball pens.

Västra Frölunda
Västra Frölunda, sometimes referred to as just Frölunda, is one of 21 boroughs in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. It is located in the south western part of the city, and is the smallest of the boroughs with a population of 12,855 (2004) on 3.72 square kilometres, although the term Frölunda generally is used for a much wider area covering almost all the city's western suburbs.
Commemorative Medal of the 1940–1945 War
The Commemorative Medal of the 1940–45 War (French: Médaille Commémorative de la Guerre 1940–45, Dutch: De Herinneringsmedaille van de Oorlog 1940–1945) was a military decoration of Belgium. It was established by royal decree of the Prince Regent on 16 February 1945 to recognise Belgian servicemen and women who served during World War II.  It was also awarded to members of the Belgian Resistance and members of Belgium's Merchant Navy on the side of the Allies. Later decrees allowed for its award to foreign recipients of the Belgian Croix de Guerre.

Prince Charles, Count of Flanders
Prince Charles, Count of Flanders (Dutch: Karel, German: Karl; 10 October 1903 – 1 June 1983) was a member of the Belgian royal family who served as regent of Belgium from 1944 until 1950, while a judicial commission investigated his elder brother, King Leopold III of Belgium, as to whether he betrayed the Allies of World War II by an allegedly premature surrender in 1940 and collaboration with the Nazis during the occupation of Belgium. Charles' regency ended when Leopold was allowed to return to Belgium. Shortly after returning and resuming his monarchical duties, Leopold abdicated in favour of his son, Baudouin.

During the Second World War Charles was known as General du Boc, in order to hide his identity for security reasons. He had an association with RAF Hullavington in Wiltshire, where many top officers from Allied nations were based or transported to and from.
Homona spargotis
Homona spargotis, the avocado leafroller,  is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Australasian realm.

The wingspan is about 3 cm for males and 2 cm for females.

The larvae feed on avocado, Coffea, Camellia sinensis, custard-apple and bilimbi. The species is considered a pest.

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family Theaceae. Its leaves, leaf buds, and stems are used to produce tea. Common names include tea plant, tea shrub, and tea tree (unrelated to Melaleuca alternifolia, the source of tea tree oil, or the genus Leptospermum commonly called tea tree).

White tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong, dark tea (which includes pu-erh tea) and black tea are all made from two of the five varieties which form the main crops now grown, C. sinensis var. sinensis and C. s. var. assamica, but are processed differently to attain varying levels of oxidation with black tea being the most oxidized and white being the least. Kukicha (twig tea) is also made from C. sinensis, but uses twigs and stems rather than leaves.
August Walle-Hansen
August Walle-Hansen (16 January 1877 – 1964) was a Norwegian businessperson.

After middle school and commerce school, he was hired in the family company Brødrene Hansen in 1893. He was a son of Jørgen Hansen, who had founded the company together with two brothers in 1864. August's brother Thomas Walle-Hansen was also hired.

He was a board member of Forsikringsselskapet Viking and supervisory council member of Den norske Creditbank, Grand Hotel and Norsk Hotelcompagnie. He was a member of the gentlemen's skiing club SK Fram from 1891, and received honorary membership in 1964. He died later the same year.

Den norske Creditbank
Den norske Creditbank or DnC is a defunct Norwegian commercial bank created in 1857. In 1990 it merged with Bergen Bank to create Den norske Bank (DnB). The bank was based in Oslo and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.
Annales Aequatoria
Annales Aequatoria was an annual peer-reviewed academic journal that covered studies on the languages, societies, and history of Central Africa in general and the Congo in particular.

The journal was established in 1937 under the title Aequatoria. It was published in Coqhuilhatville, Belgian Congo, (now Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo) from 1937 to 1962.  After a long pause, it was resuscitated from 1980 to 2009 with 30 new volumes published by the Centre Aequatoria under the title Annales Aequatoria.

In 2009, Annales Aequatoria ceased publication, but the volumes from 1980 to 2009 are available online.

The journal is abstracted and indexed in: International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, and Language and Language Behavior Abstracts.

International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
The International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) is a bibliography for social science and interdisciplinary research.  The database focuses on the social science disciplines of anthropology, economics, politics and sociology, and related interdisciplinary subjects, such as development studies, human geography and environment and gender studies. It was established in 1951 and prepared by the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques in Paris. Production was transferred to the London School of Economics in 1989, and then to ProQuest in 2010.