hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ciguatoxin 1
Ciguatoxin 1 or CTX-1 is a toxic chemical compound, the most common and potent type in the group of ciguatoxins. It is a large molecule consisting of polycyclic polyethers that can be found in certain types of fish in the Pacific Ocean. The compound is produced by Dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus toxicus and is passed on through the food chain by fish. The compound has no effect in fish but is toxic to humans.

Ether
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group, a single oxygen atom bonded to two separate carbon atoms, each part of an organyl group (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula R−O−R′, where R and R′ represent the organyl groups. Ethers can again be classified into two varieties: if the organyl groups are the same on both sides of the oxygen atom, then it is a simple or symmetrical ether, whereas if they are different, the ethers are called mixed or unsymmetrical ethers. A typical example of the first group is the solvent and anaesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether" (CH3−CH2−O−CH2−CH3). Ethers are common in organic chemistry and even more prevalent in biochemistry, as they are common linkages in carbohydrates and lignin.
Jelnia, Łódź Voivodeship
Jelnia [ˈjɛlɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drzewica, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Drzewica, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Opoczno, and 79 km (49 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Drzewica
Drzewica [dʐɛˈvʲit͡sa] is a town in Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,778 inhabitants as of December 2021. From 1975 to 1998 the town was a part of Radom Voivodeship. Located on the Drzewiczka river (a tributary to the Pilica), in the northwestern corner of the historic province of Lesser Poland, Drzewica is home to Gerlach, a renowned cutlery manufacturer, founded in 1760 in Warsaw (since 1886 in Drzewica). In the first half of the 16th century, the Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland Maciej Drzewicki built here a rectangular-shaped castle, surrounded by a moat. The castle burned in 1814 and now is a well-preserved ruin.
Thomas Panton
Thomas Panton (1731 – 29 November 1808) was an English racehorse owner.

He was the son of Thomas Panton (1697–1782), master of the king's running-horses at Newmarket, Suffolk. A sister, Mary, married in 1750 Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven.

Thomas Panton the younger lived as a country gentleman at Fen Ditton in Cambridgeshire. He was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate for Cambridgeshire after the death in 1770 of John Manners, Marquess of Granby. He was Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in 1789.

His chief reputation was gained as an owner of racehorses; he was a member of the Jockey Club in 1753, within a few years of its foundation, and figured conspicuously on the turf until his death. Charles Pigott, in his satire The Jockey Club (1792) could find no harm to say of him, describing him a "truly well-bred, agreeable, good-humoured man".

Panton won the Epsom Derby in 1786 with his horse Noble. He died on 29 November 1808 in Newmarket.

Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Cambridgeshire is a former Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom. It was a constituency represented by two Members of Parliament in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then in the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and in the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832, when its representation was increased to three until it was abolished in 1885.

It was reconstituted as a single-member seat in 1918 and abolished once again in 1983.
National Satellite Launch Base
National Satellite Launch Base (Persian: پایگاه ملی پرتاب), also called Chabahar Space Base (Persian: پایگاه فضایی چابهار), is an Iranian low Earth orbit launch base in Chabahar, Sistan province.

It is run by the Iranian Space Agency. Different reports give its size as 14,000 hectares (140 km2) or 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha).
Phase 1 was planned to be opened in 2025. 
In Phase 2, the launch site is planned to be open for space launch of foreign countries' satellites too. Phase 3 will enable launch of rockets with solid fuel launch vehicles.

In line with the ISA's 10-year space program, the Chabahar Space Center is scheduled to be fully operational and capable of carrying out international space launches by the end of March 2031, the spokesperson added.

In February 2026, Iranian Space Agency President Hassan Salarieh announced that construction of Phase 1 had been completed.

Solid fuel
Solid fuel refers to various forms of solid material that can be burnt to release energy, providing heat and light through the process of combustion. Solid fuels can be contrasted with liquid fuels and gaseous fuels. Common examples of solid fuels include wood, charcoal, peat, coal, hexamine fuel tablets, dry dung, wood pellets, corn, wheat, rice, rye, and other grains. Solid fuels are extensively used in rocketry as solid propellants. Solid fuels have been used throughout human history to create fire and solid fuel is still in widespread use throughout the world in the present day.

Solid fuel from biomass is regarded as a renewable energy source which can contribute to climate change mitigation efforts. Solid fuel from fossil fuels (i.e. coal) is not a renewable energy.
Kristopher Ramsaran
Kristopher Ramsaran (born 1 February 1992) is a Trinidadian cricketer who has played for the Combined Campuses and Colleges in West Indian domestic cricket. A slow left-arm wrist-spin bowler, he made his debut for the team in January 2013, in the 2012–13 Caribbean Twenty20, and a few months later made his first-class debut, playing a single match in the 2012–13 Regional Four Day Competition. After his debut season, Ramsaran did not return to the team until January 2016, when he played in the 2015–16 Regional Super50.

2012–13 Regional Four Day Competition
The 2012–13 Regional Four Day Competition was the 47th domestic first-class cricket tournament held in the West Indies. It will take place from 9 February 2013 – 7 May 2013. The seven teams based in the Caribbean competed in a round-robin tournament followed by semi-finals involving the top four teams and a final match between the winners of the semi-finals. There was no touring team competing this edition of the tournament.
Brasilochloa
Brasilochloa is a genus of bamboo. It contains a single species, Brasilochloa sampaiana, an herbaceous perennial with culms up to 35 cm tall.

The plant was first collected in the early 20th century, and later thought extinct. In 2003 a small population with fewer than 100 individuals was discovered in a remnant of Atlantic Forest surrounded by extensive pastures in northern Rio de Janeiro state.

Culm (botany)
A culm is the aerial (above-ground) stem of a grass or sedge. It is derived from the Latin word culmus, meaning "stalk". It originally referred to the stem of any type of plant.

In horticulture or agriculture, it is especially used to describe the stalk or woody stems of bamboo, cane or grain grasses.
Lac des Écorces (Antoine-Labelle)
Lac des Écorces (French for "Bark Lake") is a freshwater lake on the boundary of Mont-Laurier and Lac-des-Écorces, in the Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Laurentides, Quebec, Canada.

Mont-Laurier
Mont-Laurier (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ loʁje]) is a town and incorporated municipality in western Quebec, Canada, located on the banks of the Lièvre River (Rivière du Lièvre), a tributary of the Ottawa River. Known as the "Capital of the Haute-Laurentides", the motto of the town is Laurus elationis praemium, which translates to "Lift the laurels of reward". The demonym for its inhabitants is Lauriermontois.

According to the 2021 Canadian census, the population of Mont-Laurier is 14,180. It is the seat of Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality and the judicial district of Labelle.
Deputy governor of Adamawa State
The deputy governor of Adamawa State is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the government of Adamawa State, Nigeria, after the governor of Adamawa State, and ranks first in line of succession. The deputy governor is directly elected together with the governor to a four-year term of office.

Kaletapwa Farauta is the current deputy governor, having assumed office on 29 May 2023. She is the first female occupant of the office.

Direct election
Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and plurality block voting and proportional representation for the election of a legislature or executive.

By contrast, in an indirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In other settings, politicians and office holders are appointed.

In a double direct election, the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier council of a municipality and an upper-tier council of a regional district or municipality.
Ashley Davies
Ashley Davies is a fictional character from the television series South of Nowhere, a television series produced by Noggin LLC for its teen block, The N. Ashley is in a romantic relationship with the lead character, Spencer Carlin. She attended King High School before she got a $12.5 million inheritance, and is portrayed by actress Mandy Musgrave.

A rebellious narcissist who is at times known to refuse the conformity of labels such as straight or gay, the character has emerged as an icon among teenagers and young adults.

AskMen
AskMen is a free online men's web portal, with international versions in Australia, Canada, the Middle East, the United Kingdom and the United States. It is owned by Ziff Davis and operates through the IGN Entertainment unit.
Petar Skansi
Petar Skansi (23 November 1943 – 4 April 2022) was a Croatian professional basketball player and coach. During his playing career, he played for Jugoplastika and Maxmobili Pesaro. He was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991. He was a member of the Yugoslavia national team that silver medalled at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

For his basketball achievements, he was awarded the Franjo Bučar State Award for Sport twice, in 1992 and 2003. He also had a political stint as a deputy minister of sports in Croatia.

Franjo Bučar State Award for Sport
Franjo Bučar State Award for Sport (Croatian: Državna nagrada za šport "Franjo Bučar") is the highest recognition that Republic of Croatia gives for extraordinary achievements and contributions of remarkable meaning for the development of sport in Croatia.

This award has been given since 1991. It came as successor of awards of SR Croatia: Majska nagrada fizičke kulture and Republička nagrada fizičke kulture.

This award is given to professional and public workers in the area of sport, sportsmen, legal and physical entities the perform sports activity, as well as other entities whose work is meritorious for the development of sport.

It is named after Croatian writer and sports activist Franjo Bučar, person that popularized sport in Croatia in many ways.
North Alabama Speedway
North Alabama Speedway located just outside Tuscumbia, Alabama, USA is a 3/8 mile high banked clay oval. North Alabama Speedway opened in 1977, operating through 1987. It reopened in 1990, operating through 1993, and reopened again in 1995. In 2007 it is hosting events for World of Outlaws Late Model Series and Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series.

Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series
Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series (LOLMDS) is a dirt late model touring series owned and operated by FloSports and sponsored by Lucas Oil. The series competes on dirt ovals across the United States, primarily throughout the east coast and the Midwest.
Premier Airways
Premier Airways Limited was created to promote as a low cost high quality airline project based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It had proposed to launch low cost regional scheduled services, for which it received a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the Ministry of Civil Aviation in July 2014.

The Public Limited company was founded in August 2005 by a group of Non Resident Indian (NRI) entrepreneurs.

Premier Airways Ltd, is promoted by US-based Umapathy Pinaghapani, and was to be a low-cost carrier similar to  Southwest Airlines and Indigo.  The airline planned to purchase 40 Airbus A320 NEO aircraft worth $4.3 billion and aims to start in the last quarter of 2015 or the first quarter of 2016 with leased aircraft. The NOC has since expired before the airline could start operations. However despite all the challenges caused by vested corporate rivalries, Premier Airways is poised to revive in 2025

No Objection Certificate
No Objection Certificate, popularly abbreviated as NOC, is a type of legal certificate issued by any agency, organisation, institute or, in certain cases, an individual. It does not object to the covenants of the certificate. The certification is a requirement at most government-based departments predominantly from the Indian subcontinent.
Rich Mountain (Arkansas–Oklahoma)
Rich Mountain is the second highest point of the U.S. Interior Highlands and Ouachita Mountains, and in the U.S. state of Arkansas; it is also the site of Queen Wilhelmina State Park. Rich Mountain is a long, generally east–west-trending ridge composed of hard sandstone. It is located just outside of Mena, Arkansas and is intersected by the Arkansas-Oklahoma border. Atop its summit is the Rich Mountain Lookout Tower, which is approximately 2.4 mi (3.9 km) east-southeast of the Queen Wilhelmina Lodge.

Arkansas State Highway 88 and Oklahoma State Highway 1, collectively known as the Talimena Scenic Drive, traverse the entire top of Rich Mountain and provide excellent vistas of the surrounding Ouachita Mountains.

Mena, Arkansas
Mena (/ˈmiːnə/ MEE-nə) is a city in and the county seat of Polk County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 5,558 as of the 2020 census. Mena is located in the U.S. Interior Highlands. Surrounded by the Ouachita National Forest, Mena is a gateway to some of the most visited tourist attractions in Arkansas.
El Boquerón National Park
El Boquerón National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional El Boquerón, is located on top of the San Salvador Volcano at 5,905 feet (1,800 meters) the park's main attraction is a crater five kilometers in diameter and 558 meters deep. In addition, there is a small crater within the crater named “Boqueroncito” (little Boquerón). El Boquerón has a cool temperate climate year round.

The park is home to many plant species identified as ornamentals such as “cartuchos”, hydrangeas, begonias and wild “sultanas”. There is wildlife such as armadillos, raccoons, deer, foxes, among others.

The park features a visitors' centre and short hiking trails up the side and along the rim of the crater.

Begonia
Begonia  is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae. The genus contains more than 2,000 different plant species, distributed primarily across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, with Africa considered the center of origin. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates, or cultivated outside in summertime for their bright colorful flowers, which have petals but no sepals.
Rudolf Ferdinand Spitaler
Rudolf Ferdinand Spitaler (7 January 1849 – 16 October 1946) was an Austrian astronomer, geophysicist, meteorologist and climatologist.

He discovered 64 IC objects whilst working at Vienna Observatory and Comet 113P/Spitaler.

He was one of the first to speculate the existence of a 13th zodiacal constellation, which later became known as Ophiuchus.

Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus (/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/) is a large constellation straddling the celestial equator. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek ὀφιοῦχος (ophioûkhos), meaning "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping a snake. The serpent is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. An old alternative name for the constellation was Serpentarius.
Olga Shishkina (physicist)
Olga Shishkina is a Russian fluid dynamicist (physicist) known for her research in fluid mechanics, including turbulence, Rayleigh–Bénard convection, and the structure and motion of boundary layers. She is a researcher in the Laboratory for Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity of the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization in Göttingen, Germany, where she leads the "Theory of Turbulent Convection" group.

Pattern formation
The science of pattern formation deals with the visible, (statistically) orderly outcomes of self-organization and the common principles behind similar patterns in nature.

In developmental biology, pattern formation refers to the generation of complex organizations of cell fates in space and time. The role of genes in pattern formation is an aspect of morphogenesis, the creation of diverse anatomies from similar genes, now being explored in the science of evolutionary developmental biology or evo-devo. The mechanisms involved are well seen in the anterior-posterior patterning of embryos from the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (a fruit fly), one of the first organisms to have its morphogenesis studied, and in the eyespots of butterflies, whose development is a variant of the standard (fruit fly) mechanism.
DeMarco Sampson
DeMarco Sampson, Jr. (born December 19, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the San Diego State Aztecs.

San Diego State Aztecs football
The San Diego State Aztecs football team is the college football program that represents San Diego State University (SDSU). The Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I (FBS) as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW). The team plays its home games at Snapdragon Stadium.

Beginning play in 1921, the Aztecs first went to a bowl game in 1948 and first won a major college bowl game in 1969. The Aztecs have won 21 conference championships and are 10–10 all time in post-season bowl games.

Notable alumni include Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Marshall Faulk, John Madden, and Joe Gibbs.
Tamir River
The Tamir River (Mongolian: Тамир гол [tʰɛ́mɪr ɢ̊ɔɬ]) is a river flowing through the valleys of the Khangai Mountains in Arkhangai Province, Mongolia. The river is the namesake of the Mongolian literature classic by Chadraabaliin Lodoidamba, The Clear Tamir River (Тунгалаг тамир, Tungalag tamir).

For most of its length, the Tamir is divided into two branches: the Northern Tamir (Хойд Тамир, Khoid Tamir) and the Southern Tamir (Урд Тамир, Urd Tamir).

The Northern Tamir starts between the Shalkhagiin Khoit mountain range and the Togoo Mountain in the Ikh-Tamir. The southern Tamir starts about 25 km to the south-west in the Bulgan at the end of the Khairkhnii mountain range. The two branches run a roughly north-eastern course up to their confluence at the district center of Battsengel.

The Tamir is a main tributary of the Orkhon River, which it meets in Ögii Nuur, opposite to the namesake Ögii Lake.

Chadraabalyn Lodoidamba
Chadraabalyn Lodoidamba (Mongolian: Чадраабалын Лодойдамба; 1917–1970) was a Mongolian writer.

He was born in Govi-Altai Province in 1917. In 1954 he graduated from National University of Mongolia, the same year that his first story "Malgaitai Chono" (The Wolf in the Cap) was published.

His novel The Crystal Clear Tamir River, set during Mongolia's 1921 revolution, was made into a movie trilogy (1970–1973) by Ravjagiin Dorjpalam. The book has also been translated into Russian and (from Russian) into German.
La Fosse-de-Tigné
La Fosse-de-Tigné (French pronunciation: [la fos də tiɲe] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Lys-Haut-Layon.

Maine-et-Loire
Maine-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [mɛn e lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Loire Valley in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France. It is named after the two rivers, Maine and the Loire. It borders Mayenne and Sarthe to the north, Loire-Atlantique to the west, Indre-et-Loire to the east, Vienne and Deux-Sèvres to the south, Vendée to the south-west, and Ille-et-Vilaine to the north-west. Its prefecture is Angers; its subprefectures are Cholet, Saumur and Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Maine-et-Loire had a population of 818,273 in 2019.
Ricciolo d'Italia
Ricciolo d'Italia (lit. 'the Curl of Italy') is a narrow portion of Italian territory that extends in a curve along the northern edge of St. Peter's Square in Rome. Surrounded by Vatican City to the north and south, the Ricciolo d'Italia is a geographic salient with a distinctive curling shape and a width of only about 3 meters. It was formed as part of the original Vatican borders under the Lateran Treaty of 11 February 1929.

Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri
The Church of Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss (Italian: Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri) is a Roman Catholic oratory in Vatican City.  The church was built by Pope Pius V in 1568 to serve as a private chapel for the Pontifical Swiss Guards, whose barracks are located next to Porta San Pellegrino, close to the Apostolic Palace. It is considered the national church of Switzerland in Rome.

The chapel is conveniently located on the path taken every day by the Guards from their barracks to Portone di Bronzo. It is accessible for the guards, day and night. Baptisms and marriages of members of the Guard can also be celebrated with the permission of the priest of the parish of Saint Anne in Vatican.
Lückentheorie
"Lückentheorie" (German pronunciation: [ˈlʏkən.teoˌʁiː], gap theory), is a term proposed by German jurist and politician Friedrich Julius Stahl. It was employed by Otto von Bismarck in order to resolve the constitutional conflict in Prussia from 1862-1866 with the Landtag in the favor of the King. The theory implied that when the Prussian Constitution of 1850 did not come to an agreement on the vote of the budget, there is a legal gap that can be filled by the "monarchical principle". The Lückentheorie affirms the King as the sole one with the power to decide on matters of the Constitution, and that the King could overrule Landtag opposition. Since the Minister President of Prussia belonged to the royal government, as an extension of the King, he was by extension superior to the Landtag in case of conflict.

Minister President of Prussia
The minister-president (German: Ministerpräsident), or prime minister, of Prussia was the head of government of the Prussian state. The office existed from 1848, when it was formed by King Frederick William IV during the 1848–49 Revolution, until the abolition of Prussia in 1947 by the Allied Control Council.