hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (China)
Content from the United States diplomatic cables leak has depicted People's Republic of China and related subjects extensively. The leak, which began on 28 November 2010, occurred when the website of WikiLeaks — an international new media non-profit organisation that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and news leaks — started to publish classified documents of detailed correspondence — diplomatic cables — between the United States Department of State and its diplomatic missions around the world. Since the initial release date, WikiLeaks is releasing further documents every day.

News leak
A news leak is the unsanctioned release of confidential information to news media. It can also be the premature publication of information by a news outlet, of information that it has agreed not to release before a specified time, in violation of a news embargo.
Basin Bridge Junction railway station
Basin Bridge Junction is a railway station in Chennai, India. It comes under the purview of the Chennai railway division of the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is the first station on the lines originating from Chennai Central, and as Central is a terminal station, the various lines branch out from the nearby Basin Bridge station. It is located at Pulianthope near the confluence on the Otteri Nullah and Buckingham Canal.

A coach maintenance depot and train care centre is located close to the station. It is the largest train care centre under the Southern Railway, and is equipped with 14 pit lines including two lines to accommodate 24-coach trains, and the rest designed to park 18-coach trains. It also has a trip shed for housing electric locomotives, located to the north of the train care centre.

The station is covered by an Integrated Security Surveillance System project implemented in 2012.

India portal

Pulianthope
Pulianthope is a neighbourhood in Chennai district of Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It was initially known as "Medicine Warehouse" for Englishmen, so it was called "Marunthukedangu"  and now it has changed to Pulianthope. From the days of Englishmen this place was very developed area in North Chennai. Also, it was surrounded with "Binny Mills" which was the biggest garment export factory, Basin bridge railway station, Chennai's biggest cattle slaughter house and meat supplier hub called "Aadudhotti". The Great Media Personality Honourable Padmasri Thangadurai from this Pulianthope.
The Chamber (1996 film)
The Chamber is a 1996 American legal thriller film directed by James Foley. It is based on John Grisham's 1994 novel of the same name. The film stars Chris O'Donnell, Gene Hackman (who had previously appeared in another Grisham adaptation, The Firm), Faye Dunaway, Lela Rochon, Robert Prosky, Raymond J. Barry and David Marshall Grant.

Trial film
Trial film is a subgenre of the legal/courtroom drama that encompasses films that are centered on a civil or criminal trial, typically a trial by jury.

The trial genre differs from the broader courtroom drama in that the latter includes any film in which a justice system plays an integral role in the film's narrative, and thus does not necessarily require the inclusion of a legal trial.
1965 Virginia 500
The 1965 Virginia 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on April 25, 1965, at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia.

Fred Lorenzen, the winning driver of this race, would become the only driver to win four consecutive Martinsville races.

NASCAR Grand National Series
The name NASCAR Grand National Series refers to former names of the following NASCAR series:

National-level stock car series:
NASCAR Cup Series (the top NASCAR series, known as NASCAR Grand National Series between 1950 and 1970, then the NASCAR Winston Cup Grand National Series between 1971 and 1986)
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (the second highest NASCAR series, known as NASCAR Busch Grand National Series between 1986 and 2003)

Regional-level stock car series (termed as Grand National Division by NASCAR):
ARCA Menards Series East (known as NASCAR Busch Grand National North Series between 1987 and 1993; later formally known as NASCAR Grand National Division East Series)
ARCA Menards Series West (known as NASCAR Busch Grand National West in 1970; later formally known as NASCAR Grand National Division West Series)
NASCAR Grand National East Series (held in 1972 and 1973)
Biran, Bhiwani
Biran is a village in Tosham tehsil of Bhiwani district in the Indian state of Haryana. It lies 13.9 kilometres (8.6 mi) north west of the district headquarters Bhiwani on the Bhiwani-Tosham road (MDR) and has a pincode of 127111.

Bhiwani district
Bhiwani district is one of the 22 districts of the northern Indian state of Haryana. Created on 22 December 1972, it was the largest district of the state by area, before the creation of Charkhi Dadri as a separate district, as it occupied an area of 4,778 square kilometres (1,845 mi2) and administered 442 villages with a population of 1,634,445. Sirsa is now the largest district of the state.

The district headquarters is the city of Bhiwani, which is around 124 kilometres (77 mi) from the national capital Delhi. Other major towns in the district are Siwani, Loharu, Tosham, Bawani Khera, Kohlawas, Lamba.

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Haryana (out of 21), after Faridabad and Hisar.
Rabbit's foot
In some cultures, a rabbit's foot is carried as an amulet believed to bring good luck. This belief is held by people in a great number of places around the world, including Europe, Africa, Australia and North and South America. In variations of this superstition, the rabbit it came from must possess certain attributes, such as having been killed in a particular place, using a particular method, or by a person possessing particular attributes (e.g., by a cross-eyed man).

It has been suggested by Benjamin Radford that the rabbit's foot could be connected to a European good luck charm called the Hand of Glory, a hand cut from a hanged man and then pickled.

Superstition
A superstition is any belief or practice considered by non-practitioners to be irrational or supernatural. It is commonly applied to beliefs and practices surrounding luck, fate, magic, amulets, astrology, fortune telling, spirits, and certain paranormal entities, particularly the belief that future events can be foretold by specific unrelated prior events.

The word superstition is also used to refer to a religion not practiced by the majority of a given society regardless of whether the prevailing religion contains alleged superstitions or to all religions by the antireligious.
Hyena Road
Hyena Road is a 2015 Canadian war drama film directed, written and produced by Paul Gross, starring Gross and Rossif Sutherland. It was shown in the Gala Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was shown on 24 September 2015, at the Calgary Film Festival, before a general release on 9 October. It won three Canadian Screen Awards.

The film is based on the true story of "Route Hyena" (formerly named Route Fosters) which was built by Task Force Kandahar between 2008–2011 during the War in Afghanistan, which over various rotations involved many units across the Canadian Armed Forces. For this English-language film, the units are shown to be from Western Canada, based on Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, an English-language regiment stationed in Western Canada.

Guy Maddin
Guy Maddin CM OM (born February 28, 1956) is a Canadian screenwriter, director, author, cinematographer, film editor, and installation artist. He is known for his fascination with lost Silent-era films and for incorporating their aesthetics into his own work. Maddin was appointed to the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian honour, in 2012.

Maddin began serving as a visiting lecturer at Harvard University's Department of Art, Film, and Visual Studies in 2015.
N-330 road (Spain)
The N-330 is a highway in Aragon, Spain. It forms part of European Route E7.

It connects with France at the Tunnel of Somport (12 km) with Huesca.  It then becomes the Autovía A-23 to Zaragoza.  It heads south to Daroca, where it becomes the N-234.

The road emerges again south of Teruel following the Rio Turia.  The N-420 branches west in the Rincón de Valencia rising to over 1,000m.  It then runs south  to Utiel and the Autovía A-3 in the province of Valencia.  At Requena the road heads south again into the Sierra Martés with a junction with the N-322 and then crosses the Puerto de Cruz de Confrentes and then down to the Rio Xúquer.  Thereafter it passes the Reserva Nacional de Muela de Cortes and a series of olive groves to Almansa and the Autovía A-31.

38°20′28″N 0°32′57″W﻿ / ﻿38.34111°N 0.54917°W﻿ / 38.34111; -0.54917

Huesca
Huesca (Spanish: [ˈweska]; Aragonese: Uesca) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Aragon between 1096 and 1118. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and of the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. In 2009, it had a population of 52,059, almost a quarter of the total population of the province. The city is one of the smallest provincial capitals in Spain.

Huesca celebrates its main festival, the Fiestas de San Lorenzo, in honor of Saint Lawrence, from 9 to 15 August.
I, Superbiker
I, Superbiker (or I Superbiker) is a 2011 British film documentary directed by film maker and biker Mark Sloper. Inspired by the David Essex film Silver Dream Racer, the film focuses on four contenders for the 2010 British Superbike Championship: Tommy Hill, James Ellison, Josh Brookes and Gary Mason. The film score was written and recorded by David Vanian David Vanian, the frontman of the punk and alternative rock band The Damned. The title track 'I, Superbiker' was written by  Phil Collen of  Def Leppard with his band Manraze which also features drummer  Paul Cook of the Sex Pistols.

I Superbiker was released in UK cinemas in 2011.

Phil Collen
Philip Kenneth Collen (born 8 December 1957) is an English musician who is best known as the co-lead guitarist for the rock band Def Leppard. Collen joined the band in 1982 during the recording of the Pyromania album. Before joining Def Leppard, Collen had performed with a number of bands in the burgeoning British glam metal scene.  Outside of Def Leppard, he has been involved in a number of side projects; those projects include the trio Man Raze, with which he is the lead singer and sole guitarist.

Collen has been noted for his shred guitar playing style.
Audrey Fildes
Audrey Fildes (24 November 1922, Bromborough, Cheshire, England – 13 September 1997, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was a British actress whose first film credit was the 1947 production While I Live. In 1949, she played the role of Louis Mazzini's mother, who was ostracised by her aristocratic family, in the film Kind Hearts and Coronets.

Goscombe John
Sir William Goscombe John RA (21 February 1860 – 15 December 1952) was a Welsh sculptor known for his many public memorials. As a sculptor, John developed a distinctive style of his own while respecting classical traditions and forms of sculpture. He gained national attention with statues of eminent Victorians in London and Cardiff and subsequently, after both the Second Boer War and World War I, created a large number of war memorials. These included the two large group works, The Response 1914 in Newcastle upon Tyne and the Port Sunlight War Memorial which are considered the finest sculptural ensembles on any British monument. Although as a young man he adopted the first name Goscombe, taken from the name of a village in Gloucestershire near his mother's home, he was actively engaged with his native Wales and Welsh culture throughout his career.
Bard Cottage Cemetery
Bard Cottage Cemetery is a World War I, Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground near Ypres, Belgium. It is home to 1607 identified casualties. The cemetery is half a kilometre north of Essex Farm Cemetery.

Ypres
Ypres (/ˈiːprə/ EE-prə, French: [ipʁ] ⓘ;  Dutch: Ieper [ˈipər] ⓘ; West Flemish: Yper; German: Ypern [ˈyːpɐn] ⓘ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though 
the Dutch name Ieper is the official one, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres/Ieper and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.

During the First World War, Ypres (or "Wipers" as it was commonly known by the British troops) was the centre of the Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces.
Ultz
ULTZ is a British theatre director, set designer and costume designer, best known for his work on the London stage. He won the 2010 Olivier Award for Best Set Design for the production of Jerusalem at the Royal Court Theatre. His production of "Pied Piper - a hip hop dance revolution" won the Theatre Royal Stratford East the 2007 Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre. ULTZ did the set design for the Royal National Theatre's Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, for which the National won the 2016 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival.

He has also worked on Broadway, and was nominated for the 2011 Tony Award for Best Scenic Design in a Play for the production of Jerusalem at the Music Box Theatre.

ULTZ is a stage name, which the designer claims he received in a dream.

Laurence Olivier Award for Best Set Design
The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Set Design is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

The award originated as a single award for Designer of the Year in 1976 before being renamed as Best Set Design in 1991 with the introduction of awards for Best Costume Design and Best Lighting Design. In 2004, the award for Best Sound Design was introduced.
Lester S. Hill
Lester S. Hill (1891–1961) was an American mathematician and educator who was interested in applications of mathematics to communications.  He received a bachelor's degree (1911) and a master's degree (1913) from Columbia College and a Ph.D. from Yale University (1926).  He taught at the University of Montana, Princeton University, the University of Maine, Yale University, and Hunter College.  Among his notable contributions was the Hill cipher.  He also developed methods for detecting errors in telegraphed code numbers and wrote two books.

University of Maine
The University of Maine (UMaine) is a public land-grant research university in Orono, Maine, United States. It was established in 1865 as the land-grant college of Maine and is the flagship university of the University of Maine System. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

With an enrollment of approximately 11,500 students, UMaine is the state's largest college or university. The University of Maine's athletic teams, nicknamed the Black Bears, are Maine's only NCAA Division I athletics program. Maine's men's ice hockey team has won two national championships.
Digital Economy Act 2010
The Digital Economy Act 2010 (c. 24) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  The act addresses media policy issues related to digital media, including copyright infringement, Internet domain names, Channel 4 media content, local radio and video games. Introduced to Parliament by Peter Mandelson on 20 November 2009, it received royal assent on 8 April 2010. It came into force two months later, with some exceptions: several sections – 5, 6, 7, 15, 16(1)and 30 to 32 – came into force immediately,  whilst  others required a statutory instrument before they would come into force. However some provisions have never come into force since the required statutory instruments were never passed by Parliament and considered to be "shelved" by 2014, and other sections were repealed.

Orphan work
An orphan work is a copyright-protected work for which rightsholders are positively indeterminate or uncontactable. Sometimes the names of the originators or rightsholders are known, yet it is impossible to contact them because additional details cannot be found. A work can become orphaned through rightsholders being unaware of their holding, or by their demise (e.g. deceased persons or defunct companies) and establishing inheritance has proved impracticable. In other cases, comprehensively diligent research fails to determine any authors, creators or originators for a work. Since 1989, the amount of orphan works in the United States has increased dramatically since some works are published anonymously, assignments of rights are not required to be disclosed publicly, and registration is optional. As a result, many works' statuses with respect to who holds which rights remain unknown to the public even when those rights are being actively exploited by authors or other rightsholders.
Zhang Wenxiong
Zhang Wenxiong (Chinese: 张文雄; born 4 April 1962) is a former Chinese politician, and head of the Propaganda Department of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was dismissed from his position in November 2016 for investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

Hengyang
Hengyang (simplified Chinese: 衡阳; traditional Chinese: 衡陽; pinyin: Héngyáng;  Mandarin pronunciation: [xə̌ŋ.jǎŋ]) is the second largest city of Hunan Province, China. It straddles the Xiang River about 160 km (99 mi) south of the provincial capital of Changsha. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Its total population was 6,645,243 inhabitants, of whom 1,290,715 lived in the built-up (or metro) area consisting of 4 urban districts, Nanyue District not being conurbated yet.

Hengyang is home to University of South China, Hengyang Normal University, and Hunan Institute of Technology, three major provincial public universities in the city.
Grand National Tournament
Grand National Speech and Debate Tournament is the premier public speaking event of the National Catholic Forensic League. It is held annually in the United States over Memorial Day weekend. One can qualify for the tournament by performing sufficiently well in a local qualifying tournament.

New Rochelle, New York
New Rochelle (/rəˈʃɛl/ rə-SHEL) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles (27 km) from Midtown Manhattan. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the 7th-largest city and 22nd-most populous municipality in New York.
Spragg
Spragg is a surname. People with that name include:

Ben Spragg, English online poker player

Brian Spragg (born 1965), New Zealand cricketer

Edward Spragge or Spragg or Sprague (c. 1620 – 1673), admiral of the Royal Navy

Laura Spragg (born 1982), English international cricketer

Lonnie Spragg (1879–1904), Australian rugby player

Mark Spragg (born 1952), American writer

Warren Spragg (born 1982), English-born Italian rugby player

Wesley Spragg (1848–1930), New Zealand butter manufacturer, temperance campaigner, and benefactor

Laura Spragg
Laura Spragg (born 16 June 1982) is an English former cricketer who played as a left-arm medium bowler and left-handed batter. She played for Yorkshire in domestic cricket and played for England in international cricket.
Danish Network for Research and Education
The Danish Research Network, "Forskningsnettet", is a joint high-speed network for universities and the research community in Denmark.

Today, the Danish Research Network has approximately 100 subscribers and more than 100,000 users every day. The network was originally established in 1987.

The Danish Research Network is run by Danish e-Infrastructure Cooperation (DeiC). It is a virtual organization under the Danish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education. Both Universities, research institutions, other public institutions and Danish companies with a considerable element of research may subscribe to the Danish Research Network.

Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark)
The Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Danish: Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet) is the Danish ministry in charge of research and education above high school/upper secondary school.

The ministry has also been known as the "Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education", the "Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Denmark", the "Science Ministry", the "Research Ministry", and the "Ministry of Research and Technology".

Its primary purpose is to promote and coordinate the interaction between the industry and trade, centres of research and education and strengthen industry and research policies.
The Case Against Education
The Case Against Education: Why the Education System Is a Waste of Time and Money is a book written by libertarian economist Bryan Caplan and published in 2018 by Princeton University Press. Drawing on the economic concept of job market signaling and research in educational psychology, the book argues that much of higher education is very inefficient and has only a small effect in improving human capital, contrary to the conventional consensus in labor economics.

Caplan argues that the primary function of education is not to enhance students' skills but to certify their intelligence, conscientiousness, and conformity—attributes that are valued by employers. He ultimately estimates that approximately 80% of individuals' return to education is the result of signaling, with the remainder due to human capital accumulation.

Tyler Cowen
Tyler Cowen (/ˈkaʊən/; born January 21, 1962) is an American economist, author, and public intellectual. He is the Holbert L. Harris Professor of Economics at George Mason University and serves as chairman of the university’s Mercatus Center. Cowen is widely known for his blog Marginal Revolution, which he has co-authored with Alex Tabarrok since 2003, and for hosting the interview podcast Conversations with Tyler.

Cowen’s work spans economics, philosophy, and cultural commentary. He is known for advocating a pragmatic form of libertarianism that emphasizes strong governance, economic dynamism, and technological progress—an approach he terms state capacity libertarianism. In 2011, he was included in Foreign Policy’s list of the “Top 100 Global Thinkers,” and Prospect magazine ranked him among the world’s most influential economists in 2023.
CashU
CashU was an Arabic fintech company providing a digital wallet and online payment services for customers in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The company was founded as a technology startup in July 2002 in association with online service company Maktoob in Amman, Jordan. It provided payment services for Maktoob online services. The company went through a number of rounds of investment from venture capital funds.

Prior to its demise, the company had over 3.2 million users and was headquartered in Dubai and had offices in Jordan and Egypt. It was legally registered in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) for some years until its registration was moved to Dubai.

Financial technology
Financial technology (abbreviated as fintech) refers to the application of innovative technologies to products and services in the financial industry. This broad term encompasses a wide array of technological advances in financial services, including mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications such as cryptocurrencies. Financial technology companies include both startups and established technology and financial firms that aim to improve, complement, or replace traditional financial services.