hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abubakar Audu
Prince Abubakar Audu listenⓘ (24 October 1947 – 22 November 2015) was a Nigerian career banker and politician who was the first civilian governor of Kogi State. He ruled Kogi State twice (first in the Third Republic and second, in the Fourth Republic). His first tenure was from January 1992 until November 1993 and the second from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2003. He died due to a bleeding ulcer before the announcement of the election results on 22 November 2015, while seeking to be re-elected as governor on the platform of Nigeria's ruling party, All Progressives Congress (APC).

Fourth Nigerian Republic
The Fourth Republic is the current republican government of Nigeria. Since 1999, it has governed the country according to the fourth republican constitution. Nigeria adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 29 May 1999.
Capitalization of Internet
Orthographic conventions have varied over time, and vary by publishers, authors, and regional preferences, on whether and when the word Internet (or internet) should be capitalized. When the Internet first came into common use, most publications treated its name as a capitalized proper noun, but this has become less common. This reflects the tendency in English to capitalize new terms and move them to lowercase as they become familiar.

Internet is sometimes still capitalized to distinguish the global IP-based Internet from internets that are smaller or not IP-based, though many publications, including the AP Stylebook since 2016, recommend the lowercase form in every case. In 2016, the Oxford English Dictionary found that, based on a study of around 2.5 billion printed and online sources, the term was capitalized in 54% of cases, with Internet being preferred in the United States and internet being preferred in the United Kingdom.

The Chicago Manual of Style
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is a style guide for American English published since 1906 by the University of Chicago Press. Its 18 editions (the most recent in 2024) have prescribed writing and citation styles widely used in publishing.

The guide specifically focuses on American English and deals with aspects of editorial practice, including grammar and usage, as well as document preparation and formatting. It is available in print as a hardcover book, and by subscription as a searchable website. The online version provides some free resources, primarily aimed at teachers, students, and libraries.
Gertrude Hiscox
Gertrude Blount Hiscox (later Houston; 23 August 1910 – 1969) was a British collaborator with Nazi Germany in World War II. In 1941, she was convicted of an offence under the Defence Regulations and sentenced to five years' penal servitude.

Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1939
The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) was emergency legislation passed just prior to the outbreak of World War II by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to enable the British government to take up emergency powers to prosecute the war effectively. It contained clauses giving the government wide powers to create Defence Regulations by Order in Council. These regulations governed almost every aspect of everyday life in the country during the War. Two offences under the regulations (forcing safeguards and looting) were punishable with death. Following the conclusion of the war, the 1939 Act was repealed, with the individual regulations gradually following suit. As of 2023, at least one Regulation (relating to the use of service personnel to perform agricultural and other "urgent work of national importance") remains in force.
Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana
Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana is a multivolume flora describing the vascular plants of the Guayana Region of Venezuela, encompassing the three states south of the Orinoco: Amazonas, Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro. Initiated by Julian Alfred Steyermark in the early 1980s, it was completed after his death under the guidance of Paul E. Berry, Kay Yatskievych, and Bruce K. Holst. The nine volumes were published between 1995 and 2005 by Timber Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. The project brought together more than 200 botanists from around the world and was "the first effort to produce a comprehensive inventory and identification guide for the plants of such an extensive region of northern South America".

States of Venezuela
The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is a federation made up of twenty-three states (Spanish: estados), a Capital District (Spanish: Distrito Capital) and the Federal Dependencies (Spanish: Dependencias Federales), which consist of many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. Venezuela claims the disputed Essequibo territory as one of its states, which it calls Guayana Esequiba, but the territory is controlled by Guyana as part of six of its regions.

The states and territories of Venezuela are usually organized into regions (Spanish: regiones), although these regions are mostly geographical entities rather than administrative entities.
1965 NCAA University Division basketball tournament
The 1965 NCAA University Division basketball tournament involved 23 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. The 27th annual edition of the tournament began on March 8, 1965, and ended with the championship game on March 20, at the Memorial Coliseum in Portland, Oregon. A total of 27 games were played, including a third-place game in each region and a national third-place game.

Second-ranked UCLA, coached by John Wooden, won the national title with a 91–80 victory in the final game over #1 Michigan, coached by Dave Strack. Bill Bradley of Princeton was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.

UCLA finished the season with 28 wins and two defeats. In the championship game, the Bruins shot 56.9% with Gail Goodrich's 42 points and Kenny Washington's 17 points to become the fifth team to win consecutive championships.

Of note, this was the last NCAA Tournament for Henry Iba of Oklahoma State.

UCLA Bruins men's basketball
The UCLA Bruins men's basketball program represents the University of California, Los Angeles, in the sport of men's basketball as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Established in 1919, the program has won a record 11 NCAA titles. Coach John Wooden led the Bruins to 10 national titles in 12 seasons, from 1964 to 1975, including seven straight from 1967 to 1973. UCLA went undefeated a record four times (1964, 1967, 1972, and 1973). Coach Jim Harrick led the team to another NCAA title in 1995. Former coach Ben Howland led UCLA to three consecutive Final Four appearances from 2006 to 2008. As a member of the AAWU, Pacific-8 and then Pacific-10, UCLA set an NCAA Division I record with 13 consecutive regular season conference titles between 1967 and 1979 which stood until tied by Kansas in 2017. UCLA departed the Pac-12 Conference and joined the Big Ten Conference on August 2, 2024.
Gopi Bhagat
Gopi Bhagat is an Indian cinematographer who primarily works in Bengali films. He collaborated with directors Kaushik Ganguly, Srijit Mukherji, Suman Mukhopadhyay, Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Churni Ganguly, Atanu Ghosh and Arun Roy. Some of his works include Egaro, Asamapto, Tarikh, Hiralal, 8/12 Binay Badal Dinesh and Kaberi Antardhan.

Nandita Roy
Nandita Roy (born April 3, 1955) is an Indian filmmaker, editor and screenwriter. She made her directorial debut with the film Icche (2011) along with her co-director Shiboprosad Mukherjee. The two have also directed Accident, Muktodhara, Alik Sukh, Ramdhanu, Bela Seshe, Haami, Praktan , Posto (film), Konntho, Gotro.
Ruda Lubycka
Ruda Lubycka [ˈruda luˈbɨt͡ska] is a colony in the administrative district of Gmina Lubycza Królewska, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

Tomaszów County, Lublin Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Tomaszów Lubelski, which lies 107 kilometres (66 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The only other towns in the county are Tyszowce, lying 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Tomaszów, and Łaszczów, lying 25 km (16 mi) east of Tomaszów.

The county covers an area of 1,487.1 square kilometres (574.2 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population was 80,701, including a population of 19,050 in Tomaszów Lubelski, 2,112 in Tyszowce, 2,139 in Łaszczów, and a rural population of 57,400.
Les Huguenots discography
The following is a list of recordings of the opera Les Huguenots, by Giacomo Meyerbeer (libretto by Eugène Scribe and Émile Deschamps), which was premiered in 1836. Performances are in the original French unless noted.

Les Huguenots
Les Huguenots (French pronunciation: [le ˈyg(ə)no]) is an opera by Giacomo Meyerbeer and is one of the most popular and spectacular examples of grand opera. In five acts, to a libretto by Eugène Scribe and Émile Deschamps, it premiered in Paris on 29 February 1836.
Oshima Province
Oshima Province (渡島国, Oshima no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜ.ɕi.ma (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a short-lived province located in Hokkaidō.  It corresponded to the southern part of today's Oshima and Hiyama Subprefectures.

Subprefectures of Hokkaido
Hokkaido Prefecture had 14 branch offices called 支庁 (shichō) in Japanese, which is often translated in English as subprefectures. Normally, a subprefecture consists of a few to a dozen cities, towns, and/or villages. From April 2010, Hokkaido has nine General Subprefecture Bureaus (総合振興局, sōgō-shinkō-kyoku, literally "Comprehensive Promotion Bureau") and five Subprefecture Bureaus (振興局, shinkō-kyoku, literally "Promotion Bureau")).

For historical reasons, some older people in Hokkaido use the subprefecture name suffixed by -kannai in their address.
Fled (soundtrack)
Fled is the original soundtrack album to Kevin Hooks's 1996 buddy action comedy film Fled. It was released on July 15, 1996, through Rowdy/Arista Records and consists mainly of R&B and hip hop music. Recording sessions took place at DARP Studios, Doppler Studios, 360 Studios, Inc. and Digital Edge Studios in Atlanta, Riversound in Lithonia, and Onyx Studios in West Hollywood. Production was handled by Colin Wolfe, Fishbone, Lou, Mr. Collipark, Organized Noize, Rick Sheppard, Ron Spearman, Tony Rich, T. Smith, and Dallas Austin, who also served as executive producer. It features contributions from Big Rube, DJ Kizzy Rock, Fishbone, For Real, God's Gift to God, Goodie Mob, Joi, Lou, Monica, Royal C, T-Boz, Tony Rich and T. Smith. The album peaked at number 60 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Its single "Touch Myself" made it to No. 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 23 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

Joi (singer)
Joi Elaine Gilliam (born January 25, 1971), known mononymously as Joi, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer associated with the Dungeon Family collective based in Atlanta, Georgia, and as such often performs with Outkast, Organized Noize, and Goodie Mob (her ex-husband, Big Gipp, is a member of the latter group). Her signature songs include "Sunshine & the Rain", "Lick", and "Freedom".
Douglas County Correctional Center
Douglas County Correctional Center (DCCC) is a jail in Omaha, Nebraska.  The jail is the largest in the Midwest and is operated by the Douglas County Department of Corrections.  The jail is used to house inmates in criminal or immigration related offenses. The jail is located at 710 S. 17th St, Omaha, Nebraska.

Douglas County, Nebraska
Douglas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 584,526, and was estimated to be 601,158 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Nebraska. The county seat and the largest city is Omaha. the most populous city in Nebraska and the 41st-most populous city in the United States. It contains over 29.98% of the state's population.

Douglas County is part of the Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Douglas County was represented by the prefix "1" (as it had the largest number of vehicles registered in the state when the license plate system was established in 1922). In 2002, the state discontinued the 1922 system in the three most populous counties: Douglas, Lancaster, and Sarpy Counties.
Derg (District Electoral Area)
Derg is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Derry and Strabane, Northern Ireland. The district elects five members to Derry and Strabane District Council and contains the wards of Castlederg, Finn, Glenderg, Newtownstewart and Sion Mills. Derg forms part of the West Tyrone constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Strabane Area A which had existed since 1973, where it originally contained five wards (Castlederg, Clare, Finn, Glenderg and Newtownstewart). For the 2014 local elections it remained at five wards but gained Sion Mills from the abolished Mourne DEA.

Derry City and Strabane District Council
Derry City and Strabane District Council (Irish: Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin; Ulster-Scots: Derry Cittie & Stràbane Destrìck Cooncil) is the local authority for Derry and Strabane district in Northern Ireland. It was created as part of the 2014 Northern Ireland local government reform, replacing Derry City Council and Strabane District Council. The first elections to the authority were on 22 May 2014 and it acted as a shadow authority to its two predecessors until the new district formally came into being on 1 April 2015. The name was changed from Derry and Strabane City Council on 24 February 2016.
6th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment
The 6th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment, was a Territorial Force unit of the British Army. Originally recruited in Gloucestershire as a Volunteer battalion of the Gloucestershire Regiment ('The Glosters') during the Second Boer War, it fought on the Western Front and in Italy during World War I. In the late 1930s it was converted into an armoured regiment and served as such during and after World War II

Imperial Yeomanry
The Imperial Yeomanry was a mounted infantry formation of the British Army which served in the Second Boer War. Raised on 2 January 1900, the formation was initially recruited from the British middle class, but subsequent contingents were significantly more working class in their composition. The British Army's existing yeomanry regiments contributed only a small proportion of the total Imperial Yeomanry establishment. The formation was officially disbanded in 1908, with individual Yeomanry regiments incorporated into the new Territorial Force.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase
In enzymology, an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate  diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UTP and[N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.  This enzyme participates in aminosugars metabolism.

Uridine triphosphate
Uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1′ carbon of the ribose sugar, and esterified with tri-phosphoric acid at the 5′ position. Its main role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription. UTP is the precursor for the production of CTP via CTP synthetase. UTP can be biosynthesized from UDP by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase after using the phosphate group from ATP. UDP + ATP ⇌ UTP + ADP; both UTP and ATP are energetically equal.

The homologue in DNA is thymidine triphosphate (TTP or dTTP). UTP also has a deoxyribose form (dUTP).
Kuivaniemi
Kuivaniemi is a former municipality of Finland.

It was located in the province of Oulu and is part of the North Ostrobothnia region. The municipality had a population of 1,977 on 31 December 2006 (ranked 351st) and covered a land area of 927.21 square kilometres (358.00 sq mi) on 1 January 2006. The population density was 2.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.4/sq mi).

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Kuivaniemi was incorporated into Ii municipality on 1 January 2007. The formed municipality inherited Kuivaniemi's seal-sporting coat of arms.

Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)
which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.

In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.
Enophthalmia
In medicine, enophthalmia describes eyes that are abnormally sunken into their sockets. This condition usually affects elderly persons. Surgery can be done to correct it. Bilateral progressive enophthalmos may be the presenting sign of metastatic breast carcinoma, even when local symptoms in the breast are absent.

Orbit (anatomy)
In vertebrate anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz; 0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.
Dial 999 (1955 film)
Dial 999 (U.S title: The Way Out ) is a 1955 British 'B' movie crime drama film directed and written by Montgomery Tully and starring Gene Nelson, Mona Freeman and John Bentley. It was based on the novel of the same name by Bruce Graeme. Produced by Todon Productions, it was shot at the Merton Park Studios in London. RKO Radio Pictures purchased the rights to distribute it in the United States, where it was released in cut form on 11 April 1956.

John Bentley (actor)
John Bentley (2 December 1916 – 13 August 2009) was a British film actor. He had a successful career as a leading man from the 1940s to the late '50s and was a popular heart-throb who appeared in many British B-movies during that time. Later in his career, in the 1970s he appeared as Hugh Mortimer, Meg Richardson's ill-fated third husband in the English soap opera Crossroads. He also starred in the jungle adventure series African Patrol (1957) as Chief Inspector Paul Derek and made various other guest appearances in many popular TV series from the late 50s onwards.

John Bentley was also an accomplished singer and stage actor.
Polymicrogyria
Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a condition that affects the development of the human brain by multiple small gyri (microgyri) creating excessive folding of the brain leading to an abnormally thick cortex. This abnormality can affect either one region of the brain or multiple regions.

The time of onset has yet to be identified; however, it has been found to occur before birth in either the earlier or later stages of brain development. Early stages include impaired proliferation and migration of neuroblasts, while later stages show disordered post-migration development.

The symptoms experienced differ depending on what part of the brain is affected. There is no specific treatment to get rid of this condition, but there are medications that can control the symptoms such as seizures, delayed development or weakened muscles as some of the noted effects.

Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis (paraplegia is similar but affects the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord, and arm function is retained). The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic. A loss of sensory function can present as an impairment or complete inability to sense light touch, pressure, heat, pinprick/pain, and proprioception. In these types of spinal cord injury, it is common to have a loss of both sensation and motor control.
Peter Lawler (canoeist)
Peter Lawler (born 25 April 1941) is a British canoe sprinter who competed from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-4 1000 m event at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Four years later in Mexico City, Lawler was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-2 1000 m event. At his last Summer Olympics in Munich, he was eliminated in the repechage round of the K-4 1000 m event.

Canoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's K-4 1000 metres
The men's K-4 1000 metres event was a fours kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme on Lake Sagami, Japan. This event debuted at these games and is only one of two events that has been at every ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships (the other is the women's K-2 500 m event which made its Olympic debut at the previous Games in Rome).

The preliminary heats were held on 20 October 1964; 15 crews entered and were split into two heats of 8 and 7 fours.  The top three placers in each heat advanced to the semifinal, while the remaining eight crews (1 had withdrawn without starting in the heats) had to compete in repechage heats held the same day.  There were two repechage heats and three crews to advance from each, resulting in two boats being eliminated in the repechages.  Three semifinals, each with four crews, were held, with the top three in each heat to advance to the final and three more teams eliminated. The final was held on 22 October.
Barbulanympha
Barbulanympha is a genus of hypermastigote protozoa found in the hindguts of wood-eating cockroaches, and specifically Cryptocercus punctulatus. These protists are characterized by a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, particularly Bacteroidales ectosymbionts. Research combines genomics and isotope imaging to understand their function and evolution. Studies suggest that Barbulanympha ectosymbionts are capable of nitrogen fixation, supported by genomic and in vivo functional investigations. The ectosymbiont genome contains operons for nitrogen fixation, a urea transporter, and urease, indicating nitrogen availability drives the symbiosis.

Axostyle
An axostyle is a sheet of microtubules found in certain protists.  It arises from the bases of the flagella, sometimes projecting beyond the end of the cell, and is often flexible or contractile, and so may be involved in movement and provides support for the cell.  Axostyles originate in association with a flagellar microtubular root and occur in two groups, the oxymonads and parabasalids; they have different structures and are not homologous. Within trichomonads the axostyle has been theorised to participate in locomotion and cell adhesion, but also karyokinesis during cell division.