hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vittorio Rossi (philologist)
Vittorio Rossi (3 September 1865, in Venice – 18 January 1938, in Rome) was an Italian philologist and literary historian, best remembered for his literary criticism on the history of Italian literature which was published in three volumes. A graduate of the University of Padua, going on to serve as the university's rector from 1910 to 1913. From 1935 to 1938, he served as the president of the Accademia dei Lincei.

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
Danica d'Hondt
Danica d'Hondt (born 29 May 1939) is an English-Canadian actress, writer, businesswoman and beauty pageant titleholder. She was a winner of the Miss Canada in 1958 and represented her country at Miss America 1959, and, later, independently of her title, Miss World 1960, where she placed Top 18. She has worked in American television and film, and theater productions in the San Francisco area.

Miss World 1960
Miss World 1960  was the tenth Miss World pageant, held at the Lyceum Ballroom, London, United Kingdom, on 8 November 1960.

At the conclusion of the event, racing driver Stirling Moss, one of the judges, crowned Norma Cappagli of Argentina as Miss World 1960. This is the first victory of Argentina in the history of the pageant.

Contestants from thirty-nine countries and territories participated in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Bob Hope, while Peter West provided commentary all throughout the competition.
Wahiduddin Malik
Wahiduddin Malik was an Indian academic who served as the 10th vice-chancellor of University of Kashmir from 1981 to 1984 and the 33rd vice-chancellor of Allahabad University from 1987 to 1990. He was a former professor of Chemistry at Roorkee University, and served as vice-chancellor of Bundelkhand University. At Kashmir University, he established the Department of Geography & Regional Development in 1979 during his tenure as the vice-chancellor.

University of Kashmir
University of Kashmir (UoK), informally known as Kashmir University (KU), is a public state university located in the Hazratbal neighbourhood, on the western side of Dal Lake in the city of Srinagar, in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which was established in 1948.

The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in the fields of liberal arts, business, commerce & management studies, education, law, applied sciences & Technology, biological sciences, physical & material sciences, social sciences, medicine, dentistry, engineering, oriental learning, and music & fine arts. It was awarded Grade "A++" by the NAAC in June 2025. It was awarded rank 34 among universities in India by NIRF ranking 2025.
2020 Lisboa Belém Open – Doubles
Philipp Oswald and Filip Polášek were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Roberto Cid Subervi and Gonçalo Oliveira won the title after defeating Harri Heliövaara and Zdeněk Kolář 7–6(7–5), 4–6, [10–4] in the final.

Philipp Oswald
Philipp Oswald (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːlɪp ˈʔɔsvalt]; born 23 January 1986) is an Austrian former professional tennis player who primarily played doubles events on the ATP Tour. On 7 December 2009, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 206, and his highest doubles ranking of No. 31 was reached on 21 June 2021. In 2021, he participated in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics partnering with Oliver Marach.

In July 2024, Oswald retired from professional tennis and made his final appearance at the 2024 Generali Open Kitzbühel.
Non-aqueous phase liquid
Non-aqueous phase liquids, or NAPLs, are organic liquid contaminants characterized by their relative immiscibility with water. Common examples of NAPLs are petroleum products, coal tars, chlorinated solvents, and pesticides. Strategies employed for their removal from the subsurface environment have expanded since the late-20th century.

NAPLs can be released into the environment from a variety of point sources such as improper chemical disposal, leaking underground storage tanks, septic tank effluent, and percolation from spills or landfills. The movement of NAPLs within the subsurface environment is complex and difficult to characterize. Nonetheless, the various parameters that dictate their movement are important to understand in order to determine appropriate remediation strategies. These strategies use NAPLs' physical, chemical, and biological properties to minimize their presence in the subsurface.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
Craig Parkinson
Craig Parkinson (born 11 March 1976) is an English actor and podcaster. He has played Shaun in the E4 series Misfits, twins Jimmy and Johnny Kray in the ITV series Whitechapel, and DI Matthew "Dot" Cottan in Line of Duty. He has also acted in several independent films, including Control, Soulboy, The Unloved and Four Lions.

Misfits (TV series)
Misfits is a British science fiction comedy-drama television show that aired on E4. The show premiered on 12 November 2009 and concluded on 11 December 2013 in its fifth season. Misfits is about a group of young offenders sentenced to work in a community service programme who obtain supernatural powers after a strange electrical storm.
Michal Stefanu
Michal Stefanu (born 10 December 1965) is a Czech former para table tennis player who competed at international table tennis competitions. He is a two-time Paralympic champion, World champion and six-time European champion in team events. Stefanu won his titles with René Tauš and František Glazar.

Stefanu now competes wheelchair tennis, his highest singles ranking is reaching world number 30 in September 2005. As of 2023, he has won six singles titles and seventeen doubles titles with Miroslav Brychta.

World Para Table Tennis Championships
The World Para Table Tennis Championships are the world championships for para table tennis where athletes with a disability compete. They are organised by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) on a four-year rotation with the Paralympic Games (every four years).

The first edition was held in 1990 in Assen, Netherlands, the second in 1998, from that the championships was held every four years.
Malaya Kurba
Malaya Kurba (Russian: Малая Курба; Buryat: Бага Хурбэ, Baga Khurbe) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Khorinsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 60 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Buryatia
Buryatia, officially the Republic of Buryatia, is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. To its north lie Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world; Zabaykalsky Krai to the east; Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of 351,300 square kilometers (135,600 sq mi) with a population of 978,588 (2021 Census). It is home to the indigenous Buryats.
Jasice
Jasice [jaˈɕit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wojciechowice, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Wojciechowice, 15 km (9 mi) east of Opatów, and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. It is completely surrounded by the area of the village of Bidziny on all sides.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.
Martha Sonntag Bradley-Evans
Martha Sonntag Bradley-Evans (born June 18, 1951) is an American academic who is a professor in the College of Architecture and Planning at the University of Utah. She was the president of the Mormon History Association. Bradley-Evans is also the author of several books, and is known for her history of Mormon feminism.

Mormon feminism
Mormon feminism is a feminist religious social movement concerned with the role of women within Mormonism. Mormon feminists commonly advocate for a more significant recognition of Heavenly Mother, the ordination of women, gender equality, and social justice grounded in Mormon theology and history. Mormon feminism advocates for more representation and presence of women as well as more leadership roles for women within the hierarchical structure of the church. It also promotes fostering healthy cultural attitudes concerning women and girls.

The modern form of the movement has roots that go back to the founding of Mormonism, including the largely independent operation of the female Relief Society, blessings by women in early church history, and the women's suffrage movement in the western United States.
Jan Jindra
Jan Jindra (6 March 1932 – 20 September 2021) was a Czech rower who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1952 Summer Olympics, in the 1956 Summer Olympics, and in the 1960 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Třeboň. In 1952 he was a crew member of the Czechoslovak boat which won the gold medal in the coxed fours event. Four years later he was part of the Czechoslovak boat which was eliminated in the semi-final of the eight competition. At the 1960 Games he won the bronze medal with the Czechoslovak boat in the eights event.

Rowing at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight competition at the 1956 Summer Olympics took place at Lake Wendouree near Ballarat, Australia. It was held from 23 to 27 November. There were 10 boats (90 competitors) from 10 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by the United States, the nation's eighth consecutive and 10th overall gold medal in the men's eight; the Americans had won every time they competed (missing 1908 and 1912). Canada took silver, its first medal in the men's eight since 1932. Australia repeated as bronze medalists.
Church of the Holy Trinity in Trinapolis, Vilnius
Church of the Holy Trinity (Lithuanian: Švč. Trejybės bažnyčia) is a Roman Catholic church in Trinapolis, one of the parts of Lithuania's capital Vilnius. The church was built in 1715–1721 and consecrated in 1722. However, its towers were completed only in 1772.

The monastery closed in 1832 and in 1846 was given to the newly-established (1839) Russian Orthodox Diocese of Lithuania. It was returned to the Catholic Church after World War I.

Near the church there is a former Trinitarians monastery complex, who were invited to the area by Konstanty Kazimierz Brzostowski in 1700. Since then the area was called after the Trinitarians.

Konstanty Kazimierz Brzostowski
Konstanty Kazimierz Brzostowski (1644–1722) was a noble of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, count of the Holy See, and papal prelate. He was Grand Secretary of Lithuania from 1671, and shortly thereafter was Grand Writer of Lithuania. He was bishop of Smoleńsk from 1685 to 1687 and bishop of Vilnius from 1687.

Konstanty studied at the Vilnius ecclesiastical seminary and in Rome (1657–1659).: 233   He became a member of the Vilnius Chapter in 1669.: 233

In 1689, Konstanty was one of the judges who sentenced Kazimierz Łyszczyński to death for atheism. Brzostowski was a political opponent of the Sapieha family and excommunicated the Grand Hetman of Lithuania Kazimierz Jan Sapieha in 1694 and again in 1709.: 233   He unsuccessfully tried to make Peter I of Russia adopt more tolerant policies towards the followers of Union of Brest.

Konstanty Brzostowski was known as "the quarrelsome bishop".: 233
Hesperus (clipper ship)
Hesperus was an iron-hulled, three-masted, passenger clipper ship that was built in Scotland in 1874 and scrapped in Italy in 1923. She was built for Thompson and Anderson's Orient Line service between Great Britain and South Australia.

In 1890 she was converted into a training ship. In 1899 she was sold to the Russian Empire and renamed Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna. In 1921 she was bought by British owners and renamed Silvana.

Orient Steam Navigation Company
The Orient Steam Navigation Company, also known as the Orient Line, was a British shipping company with roots going back to the late 18th century. From the early 20th century onwards, an association began with P&O which became 51% shareholder in 1919 and culminated in the Orient Line being totally absorbed into that company in 1966.
Who's Molly?
Who's Molly? are an indie rock band originating from Swansea, Wales. Karl Morgan (vocals, guitar, writer), Matt Williams (guitar), Rhys Morgan (drums) & Huw Jenkins (drums) all grew up together and formed the band in 2017 after playing in various different groups around the South Wales scene.

The band have released three EPs and four singles with several tracks used on TV as well as a global movie trailer for the Tom Cruise motion picture American Made. Who's Molly? have supported Jess Glynne, George Ezra and opened both North and South CarFest after being championed by Chris Evans on Virgin Radio.

Virgin Radio
Virgin Radio is a branding of radio stations broadcast in Canada, France, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Italy, Romania, Turkey, Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. As of January 2026, there were over 60 stations globally.

The stations in each country are owned and operated locally and independently of each other and the Virgin Group, which licenses the Virgin Radio brand and provides support services.
Ruslan Jaqsylyqov
Ruslan Fatihūly Jaqsylyqov (Kazakh: Руслан Фатихұлы Жақсылықов, romanized: Ruslan Fatihūly Jaqsylyqov, [ro̙wɯsˈɫɑn fɑˈtʰɪχo̙ɫɯ ʐɑqsɯˈɫɯqɯf]: born 4 March 1966) is a Kazakh colonel general serving as the Minister of Defence on 19 January 2022 until 8 June 2025.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.
Bononia Cove
Bononia Cove is a cove on the southeast coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is 3.1 km (1.9 mi) wide and indents 1.1 km (0.7 mi). It is entered west of Ivan Alexander Point.  The cove's shape has been altered by glacial retreat in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Cove
A cove is a small bay or coastal inlet. They usually have narrow, restricted entrances, are often circular or oval, and are often situated within a larger bay. Small, narrow, sheltered bays, inlets, tidal creeks, or recesses in a coast are often considered coves.

Colloquially, the term can be used to describe a sheltered bay. Geomorphology describes coves as precipitously walled and rounded cirque-like openings like a valley extending into or down a mountainside, or in a hollow or nook of a cliff or steep mountainside. A cove can also refer to a corner, nook, or cranny, either in a river, road, or wall, especially where the wall meets the floor.
Podocarpus spicatus
Podocarpus spicatus can refer to:

Podocarpus spicatus Poepp., a synonym of Prumnopitys andina (Poepp. ex Endl.) de Laub.

Podocarpus spicatus R.Br., a synonym of Prumnopitys taxifolia (Sol. ex D.Don) de Laub.

Prumnopitys andina
Prumnopitys andina, the lleuque or Chilean plum yew, is an evergreen coniferous tree native to south-central Chile and a few areas in adjacent parts of westernmost Argentina from 36 to 40° South latitude. It lives on moderately wet soils, preferably on Andean slopes from 500–1,100 meters (1,600–3,600 ft).
High Range, Kerala
The High Ranges (aka High Range or High-range) of Kerala is a hilly tract located across the Kerala state of southern India and is treated as a part of the Western Ghats.

This tract includes large and thick tropical forests, mountain peaks such as Anamudi as well as several areas of human settlement and plantations. Major tourist attractions locations along the high ranges include the hill stations Munnar, Vagamon and Thekkady. The major settlements in high range are Kattappana, Adimali, Kumily, Peermade and Mundakayam.

Vagamon
Vagamon (Malayalam: [ʋaːɡɐmɐɳ]) is an Indian hill station and a revenue village  located in Peerumedu Taluk of Idukki district, and also Meenachil taluk and Kanjirappally taluk of Kottayam district in the state of Kerala, India. Located in the Western Ghats 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Erattupetta on the border of Kottayam-Idukki districts, Vagamon is known for its natural environment. The Vagamon glass bridge is the longest cantilever glass bridge in India.
Llanddwyn Lifeboat Station
Llanddwyn Lifeboat Station was located on Ynys Llanddwyn, a small tidal island near the village of Newborough, Anglesey, on the south west coast of Anglesey, Wales.

A lifeboat was first placed at Llanddwyn by the Caernarfon Harbour Trust from 1826 to 1836. A lifeboat station (Station No.5) was formally created here by the Anglesey Association for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (AAPLS) in 1840. The station was transferred to the management of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1855.

Llanddwyn Lifeboat Station was closed in 1907.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Phenylacetylrinvanil
Phenylacetylrinvanil (IDN-5890) is a synthetic analogue of capsaicin which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the TRPV1 receptor, with slightly lower potency than resiniferatoxin, though still around 300 times the potency of capsaicin. It is an amide of vanillylamine and ricinoleic acid, with the hydroxyl group on ricinoleic acid esterified with phenylacetic acid. It is used to study the function of the TRPV1 receptor and its downstream actions, and has also shown anti-cancer effects in vitro.

TRPV1
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRPV1 gene. It was the first isolated member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor proteins that in turn are a sub-family of the transient receptor potential protein group.  This protein is a member of the TRPV group of transient receptor potential family of ion channels. Fatty acid metabolites with affinity for this receptor are produced by cyanobacteria, which diverged from eukaryotes at least 2 billion years ago.
The function of TRPV1 is detection and regulation of body temperature. In addition, TRPV1 provides a sensation of scalding heat and pain (nociception). In primary afferent sensory neurons, it cooperates with TRPA1 (a chemical irritant receptor) to mediate the detection of noxious environmental stimuli.
Holyoke Transcript-Telegram
The Holyoke Transcript-Telegram, or T‑T, was an afternoon daily newspaper covering the city of Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States, and adjacent portions of Hampden County and Hampshire County.

Published as a daily since 1882, after four years of heavy losses the newspaper ceased publication in January 1993; at the time it was one of the longest running Massachusetts papers to fold, two decades longer than the Boston Post. Long owned by the Dwight family, the T-T's last owner was Newspapers of New England, which had been founded by the Dwights as a holding company for the T-T and other newspapers it had acquired.

With the departure of the T-T, Holyoke lost its only newspaper of record. Daily newspaper readers in the city turned to newspapers in nearby cities, which increased their coverage of Holyoke: the Union-News of Springfield, now called The Republican; and the Daily Hampshire Gazette of Northampton.

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.