hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 United States debt-ceiling crisis
In January 2013, the United States reached the $16.394 trillion debt ceiling that had been enacted following a crisis in 2011. The debt ceiling had been routinely raised previously on a bipartisan basis without conditions and without additional spending cuts. However, in 2013, members of the Republican Party staunchly opposed raising the debt ceiling unless Obama would agree to defund the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), his signature legislative achievement.

The debt ceiling issue was one of the causes for the 2013 government shutdown, and a lack of a budget bill over the issue forced the government to sequester its budget. The crisis, as well as the government shutdown, ended on October 17, 2013, with the passing of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014.

Fitch Ratings
Fitch Ratings, Inc. is an American - British credit rating agency. It is one of the three nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSRO) designated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and is considered as being one of the "Big Three credit rating agencies", along with Moody's and S&P Global Ratings.
Nußhardt
The Nußhardt is the third highest mountain in the Fichtel Mountains in the south German state of Bavaria at 972 m above sea level (NN). It lies in the far northeast of the state and has a rocky summit characteristic of the Fichtel Mountains (coarse-grained Kern Granite G3 and augen gneiss at the southeast end). The summit area with its felsenmeer and tor is a nature reserve with an area of 5.5 hectares (14 acres). In addition the Nußhardt is incorporated into the geotope register of the Bavarian State Geological Department under No. 472R013.

Geotope
A geotope is the geological component of the abiotic matrix present in an ecotope. Example geotopes might be an exposed outcrop of rocks, an erratic boulder, a grotto or ravine, a cave, an old stone wall marking a property boundary, and so forth.

It is a loanword from German (Geotop) in the study of ecology and might be the model for many other similar words coined by analogy. As the prototype, it has enjoyed wider currency than many of the other words modelled on it, including physiotope, with which it is used synonymously. But the geotope is properly the rocks and not the whole lay of the land (which would be the physiotope).

For usage in the context of geoheritage, like e.g. in Friedrich Wiedenbein's contributions (see below) and in the German discussion on geoheritage, the more adequate term (and translation from the German) is geosite.
Clement A. Trott
Clement Augustus Trott (December 14, 1877 – April 14, 1950) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Army with the rank of major general in the United States Army. A West Point alumnus, Trott participated in the Philippine–American War and World War I, where he distinguished himself as chief of staff of the 5th Division.

Following the War, Trott remained in the Army and rose through the ranks to General officer rank. He completed his career as Commanding general, Fifth Corps Area in September 1941, shortly before the United States entry into World War II.

Fort D. A. Russell (Wyoming)
Fort D. A. Russell, also known as Fort Francis E. Warren, Francis E. Warren Air Force Base and Fort David A. Russell, was a post and base of operations for the United States Army, and later the Air Force, located in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The fort had been established in 1867 to protect workers for the Union Pacific Railroad. It was named in honor of David Allen Russell, a Civil War general killed at the Battle of Opequon.  In 1930, the fort's name was changed to Fort Francis E. Warren.  In 1949, it became Francis E. Warren Air Force Base.

Over the years, the base served as home for numerous influential American military leaders such as Carl Spaatz, Black Jack Pershing, Billy Mitchell, Walter Reed, and Mark Clark.  A portion of the base was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1975, for distinctively preserving many of the stages of its evolution from a frontier cavalry base to an Air Force base.
Nieva, Spain
Nieva is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain, about 32 km (19.8 mi) northwest of the town of Segovia. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 340 inhabitants.

Province of Segovia
Segovia (Spanish pronunciation: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a province of central/northern Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the province of Burgos in the north, Soria in the northeast, Guadalajara in the east, Madrid in the south, Ávila in the west and southwest, and Valladolid in the northwest. The average temperature ranges from 10 °C to 20 °C.
Brazilian frigate Dom Afonso
Dom Afonso was a steam frigate that served the Imperial Brazilian Navy, being the first steamship to serve in this navy. It was built in England under the supervision of chief of squad John Pascoe Grenfell and was named Dom Afonso in honor of Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil, son of emperor Pedro II of Brazil and empress Teresa Cristina.

Its first commander was then frigate captain Joaquim Marques Lisboa. The frigate participated in the rescue of the American vessel Ocean Monarch and the Portuguese vessel Vasco da Gama. It also took part in the repression of republican revolutionaries and clandestine slave traders off the coast of Brazil. The ship was part of the squadron that successfully forced the Tonelero pass in 1851 in Argentina, during the Platine War. On 9 January 1853, during a storm, it sank northwest of Cabo Frio, killing three sailors.

Imperial Brazilian Navy
The Imperial Brazilian Navy (Brazilian Portuguese: Armada Nacional, commonly known as Armada Imperial) was the navy created at the time of the independence of the Empire of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It existed between 1822 and 1889 during the vacancy of the constitutional monarchy.

The Navy was formed almost entirely by ships, staff, organizations and doctrines proceeding from the transference of the Portuguese Royal Family in 1808. Some of its members were native-born Brazilians, who under Portugal had been forbidden to serve. Other members were Portuguese who adhered to the cause of separation and German and Irish mercenaries. Some establishments created by King John VI were used and incorporated.

Under the reign of Emperor Pedro II the Navy was greatly expanded to become the fifth most powerful navy in the world and the armed force more popular and loyal to the Brazilian monarchy.
Starfox (character)
Eros is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer and artist Jim Starlin, the character first appeared in The Invincible Iron Man #55 (February 1973). Eros is depicted as a member of the Eternals, a human offshoot race. Born on Titan, he is the son of A'lars / Mentor. He faces opposition from his mad brother, the supervillain Thanos.

Eros is known by the codename Starfox and the Knave of Hearts. His primary power is the ability to stimulate the pleasure centers of people's brains, allowing him to control their emotions and actions. He has also served as a member of both the Avengers and the Dark Guardians at various points in his history.

Since his original introduction in comics, Eros has been featured in various other Marvel-licensed products, including films and video games. The character made his live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Eternals (2021), portrayed by Harry Styles.

Shi'ar
The Shi'ar (/ʃiːˈɑːr/ SHEE-ar) are a fictional species of aliens appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Shi'ar empire (or Imperium) is a vast collection of alien species, cultures, and worlds situated close to the Skrull and Kree Empires. The Shi'ar are one of the three main extraterrestrial empires depicted in the Marvel Universe, alongside the Kree and Skrulls.
Zurich Town Hall
The Rathaus in Zurich, Switzerland is Zurich's Town Hall. The Rathaus was built from 1694–1698. It served as the seat of government and administration of the Republic of Zurich until 1798. The canton of Zurich owns it since 1803, and it houses both legislative chambers, the cantonal parliament (German: Kantonsrat) as well as the City Parliament (German: Gemeinderat). It must be distinguished from the Stadthaus (City Hall), which is the seat of the city's executive government, the City Council (German: Stadtrat) and its administration.

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
Beaverdam Creek (Salt River tributary)
Beaverdam Creek is a stream in southwest Audrain County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the South Fork of the Salt River which it joins approximately six miles southeast of Mexico.

The stream headwaters arise in southwest Audrian County at 39°05′10″N 92°02′24″W﻿ / ﻿39.08611°N 92.04000°W﻿ / 39.08611; -92.04000 at an elevation of approximately 910 feet. The stream flows generally east to southeast and passes under US Route 54 approximately 5.5 miles south of Mexico and joins the South Fork two miles east of Route 54 and about 1.5 miles north of the southern border of Audrain County at 39°04′56″N 91°51′05″W﻿ / ﻿39.08222°N 91.85139°W﻿ / 39.08222; -91.85139 and an elevation of 761 feet.

Beaverdam Creek was named for the beaver dams along its course.

Audrain County, Missouri
Audrain County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,962. Its county seat is Mexico. The county was organized December 13, 1836, and named for Colonel James Hunter Audrain of the War of 1812 and who later was elected to the state legislature.
Woren
Woren (Chinese: 倭仁; pinyin: Wōrén), alternatively rendered as Wesin (Manchu: ᠸᡝᠰᡳᠨ, romanized: wesin; 1804 – 8 June 1871), courtesy name Genfeng (艮峰), posthumous name Wenduan (文端), was an official of China's Qing dynasty. He was from the Mongol Ucigeri clan and belonged to the Plain Red Banner of the Eight Banners.

Born in a banner garrison family in Henan, Woren obtained the highest degree (jinshi) in the imperial examination and was selected a shujishi of the Hanlin Academy in 1829. He served as tutor of the Tongzhi Emperor.

Woren was a famous opponent of the Self-Strengthening Movement. He rejected the ti-yong idea.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Pixodarus, son of Mausolus
Pixodarus (Πιξώδαρος) was a dignitary of Caria circa 500 BCE, son of a man named Mausolus (not to be confused with the later ruler of Caria named Mausolus), who was from the city of Cindye. Pixodarus led the Carians fighting on the Ionian side during the Ionian revolt in 490 BCE, but was defeated twice by the Achaemenids (in the Battle of the Marsyas and the Battle of Labraunda in 495 BC).

He also married the daughter of Syennesis, ruler of Achaemenid Cilicia. Syennesis was a contemporary and tributary of Darius the Great, and possibly the same man whom Herodotus mentions as one of the most distinguished of the subordinate commanders in the fleet of Xerxes I.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Staia gens
The gens Staia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens are mentioned by ancient writers, but a number are known from inscriptions.  The most illustrious of the Staii was Lucius Staius Murcus, governor of Syria in 44 BC, and a military commander of some ability who served under several leading figures of the period.

Teano
Teano is a town and comune in the province of Caserta,  Campania, southern Italy, 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Caserta on the main line to Rome from Naples. It stands at the southeast foot of an extinct volcano, Rocca Monfina. Its St. Clement's cathedral is the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Teano-Calvi, which started as the Diocese of Teano circa AD 300.
Be Your Everything
"Be Your Everything" is a song by American rock band Boys Like Girls. The song was released on August 14, 2012, as the lead single from their third studio album, Crazy World. The song peaked at number 18 on the US Hot Singles Sales chart.

Crazy World (Boys Like Girls album)
Crazy World is the third studio album by American rock band Boys Like Girls. It marks a departure from the group's original emo and alternative rock sound in favor of a more country style. The Crazy World EP was released on July 17, 2012 with the tracks, "Be Your Everything", "Life of the Party" and "The First Time" to help promote the album. The album was released on December 11, 2012.

The lead single "Be Your Everything" was released in the summer of 2012, and entered the Billboard Hot Singles Sales chart at number 18. Its music video ran into heavy rotation on CMT and GAC starting in the fall of 2012.  The album debuted and peaked at number 134 on the Billboard 200. It is the only to feature bassist Morgan Dorr and last with guitarist Paul DiGiovanni.
Ashley Berggren
Ashley Berggren was part of the United States National Team that captured the gold medal at the 2013 IFAF Women's World Football Championships. Her club team is the Chicago Force of the Women's Football Alliance. Prior to her career in football, Berggren was a member of the Chicago Condors of the American Basketball League (ABL).

Women's Football Alliance
The Women's Football Alliance (WFA) is a semi-pro full-contact women's American football league in the United States. Founded in 2009, it is the largest 11-on-11 football league for women in the world, and the longest running active women's football league in the U.S. Since 2016, the league has operated with three competitive levels: Pro, Division 2 and Division 3. The league is owned and operated by Jeff King and Lisa Gibbons King of Exeter, California. Lisa King is also a wide receiver for the WFA's Cali War.

In addition to operating annual national championship seasons in the United States, the league also operates the WFA International program which organizes international competitions for its own Team United and Team World against each other and all-star teams from other nations. The program also supports international player exchanges and provides logistical support to women's tackle football leagues in Central and South America, Europe, and Africa.
Shinjin Motors
Shinjin Motors or Sinjin Motors (Korean: 신진자동차; IPA: [ɕindʑin dʑadoŋtɕʰa]) is a defunct South Korean car manufacturer.

A related bus manufacturer called "Shinjin Bus Manufacturing Company" was founded in 1955 as an independent company. It is now a part of Daewoo Bus Corporation.

Zyle Daewoo Bus
Zyle Daewoo Bus, formerly "Zyle Daewoo Commercial Vehicle" is a South Korean manufacturer of buses and is majority owned by Young-An Hat Company, based in Busan. It was established in 2002 as a successor to previous merger, Daewoo Motor Company. These buses are primarily used for public transportation.  Daewoo Bus has been in a partnership in 2006 with GM Daewoo (now GM Korea).
Stokes Mountain
Stokes Mountain is the highest mountain of the Stokes Range and of Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. It also has a topographic prominence of 412 m (1,352 ft), greater than any other mountain in the Stokes Range.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Chris Cross (magician)
Christopher Alfred Goode (born April 22, 1989), better known as Chris Cross, is an English magician, escapologist, and former contortionist. He has performed worldwide and appeared on British television.

Tim Healy (actor)
Timothy Malcolm Healy (born 29 January 1952) is an English actor. He played Dennis Patterson in the comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (1983–2004), Lesley Conroy in the sitcom Benidorm (2009–2018), and Gastric in the comedy series Still Open All Hours (2014–2019).
Redfox (comics)
Redfox is a British fantasy comic published in the late 1980s, created and penciled by Fox. The comic won the 1987 Eagle Award for Best New British Comic of 1986, and was nominated for eight Eagle Awards in total.

Fantasy comics
Fantasy comics have been around as long as comics. The classification "fantasy comics" broadly encompasses illustrated books set in an other-worldly universe or involving elements or actors outside our reality. Fantasy has been a mainstay of fiction for centuries, but burgeoned in the late 1930s and early 1940s, spurred by authors such as C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien. They inspired comic book producers. Fantasy-themed books—driven by superhero comics gaining popularity through the 1960s—grew to dominate the field. In the 1990s, authors such as Neil Gaiman helped expand the genre with his critically acclaimed Sandman series.
Geoffrey Faithfull
Geoffrey Faithfull B.S.C., (28 January 1893 – 1 December 1979) was a British cinematographer who worked on more than 190 feature films from starting in the industry in the 1910s.  Faithfull also directed two films: For You Alone (1945) and I'll Turn to You (1946). He worked on several films with Michael Powell and among his later work was responsible for the 1960 SF classic Village of the Damned.

Village of the Damned (1960 film)
Village of the Damned is a 1960 science fiction horror film by Anglo-German director Wolf Rilla. The film is adapted from the novel The Midwich Cuckoos (1957) by John Wyndham. The lead role of Professor Gordon Zellaby is played by George Sanders.

A sequel, Children of the Damned (1964), followed, as did a remake, also called Village of the Damned (1995).
Aldemir
Aldemir may be both a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:

Given name

Aldemir Bendine (born 1963), Brazilian chief executive officer (CEO) of Petrobras

Aldemir da Silva Junior (born 1992), Brazilian sprinter

Aldemir Martins (1922–2006), Brazilian artist

Surname

Cüneyt Aldemir (born 1973), Turkish dentist and politician

Furkan Aldemir (born 1991), Turkish basketball player

Koray Aldemir (born 1990), German professional poker player of Turkish descent

Aldemir da Silva Júnior
Aldemir Gomes da Silva Junior (born 8 June 1992) is a Brazilian sprinter.

Da Silva won three gold medals at the 2011 South American Junior Championships in Athletics in Medellín, Colombia.

He won three gold medals at the 2012 South American Under-23 Championships in Athletics in São Paulo, Brazil.

He qualified to represent Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Trentini
Trentini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Caroline Trentini (born 1987), Brazilian fashion model

Emma Trentini (1878–1959), Italian opera singer

Mauro Trentini (born 1975), Italian cyclist

Peggy Trentini (born 1968), American actress and model

Mauro Trentini
Mauro Trentini (born 12 September 1975 in Trento) is an Italian former track cyclist, specialising in the pursuit, where he was team pursuit world champion in 1996 and individual pursuit bronze medalist in 1999.
1946 All-Pro Team
The 1946 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players who were chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team for the 1946 NFL and AAFC seasons. Teams were selected by, among others, the Associated Press (AP), the United Press (UP), Pro Football Illustrated, and the New York Daily News (NYDN). The AP selections included players from the National Football League (NFL) and All-America Football Conference; the UP, PFI, and NYDN selections were limited to players from the NFL.

All-Pro
All-Pro is an honor bestowed upon professional American football players that designates the best player at each position during a given season. All-Pro players are typically selected by press organizations, who select an "All-Pro team," a list that consists of at least 22 players, one for each offensive and defensive position, plus various special teams players depending on the press organization that compiles the list. All-Pro lists are exclusively limited to the major leagues, usually only the National Football League; in the past, other leagues recognized as major, such as the American Football League of the 1960s or the All-America Football Conference of the 1940s, have been included in All-Pro lists.
John Starkie
John Pierce Chamberlain Starkie (28 June 1830 – 12 June 1888) was an English Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1880.

Starkie was the son of Le Gendre Nicholas Starkie of Huntroyde Hall, Padiham, Lancashire former M.P. for Pontefract and his wife Anne Chamberlain, daughter of Abraham Chamberlain of Rylstone, Yorkshire. He was educated at Eton College, and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge graduating LLB in 1857 and ML. in 1869. He inherited Ashton Hall on the death of his father.

He was a J.P. for Lancashire, and a lieutenant in the Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry Cavalry.

At the 1868 general election Starkie was elected as a member of parliament for North East Lancashire. He held the seat until his defeat at the 1880 general election.

Starkie died at the age of 57. He had married in 1861 Ann Charlotte Amelia Hudson, daughter of Harrington Hudson of Blessingby, Yorkshire, with whom he had two daughters.

Pontefract
Pontefract is a historic market town in the City of Wakefield, a metropolitan district in West Yorkshire, England. It lies to the east of Wakefield and south of Castleford. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it had a population of 30,881 at the 2011 Census.

Pontefract's motto is Post mortem patris pro filio, Latin for "After the death of the father, support the son", a reference to the town's Royalist sympathies in the English Civil War. Small villages and settlements in the immediate area include Stapleton.