hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Arthur (Iowa judge)
Thomas Arthur (July 12, 1860 – September 15, 1925) was a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from September 15, 1920, until his death on September 15, 1925, appointed from Harrison County, Iowa.

Born on a farm in Harrison County, Iowa, Arthur attended rural schools and received his law degree from the University of Iowa in 1881. A Republican, Arthur served as a district court judge from 1911 to 1920, when he was appointed to the supreme court.

Arthur died at Iowa Methodist Hospital at the age of 65, following a heart attack in his office that morning.

Iowa Supreme Court
The Iowa Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa. The Court is composed of a chief justice and six associate justices.

The Court holds its regular sessions in Des Moines in the Iowa Judicial Branch Building located at 1111 East Court Avenue on the state Capitol grounds, south of the Iowa State Capitol.
Australian bass
The Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeatus) is a small-to-medium-sized species of primarily freshwater (but estuarine spawning) ray-finned fish found in coastal rivers and streams along the east coast of Australia. A member of the genus Percalates from the order Centrarchiformes, the Australian bass is an important member of the native fish assemblages found in east coast river systems. It is a native predatory fish and an extremely popular game fish species among anglers. The species was simply called perch in most coastal rivers where it was caught until the 1960s, when the name "Australian bass" started to gain popularity.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Geoff Marshall
Geoffrey Marshall (born August 1972) is an English video producer, performer, and author from London who runs a YouTube channel which is predominantly transport-themed. Born in London, he spent three years living in the United States between 2006 and 2009, and now resides in south London.

South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, mostly south of the River Thames. The region consists of the boroughs, in whole or in part, of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.

South London originally emerged from Southwark, first recorded as Suthriganaweorc, meaning 'fort of the men of Surrey'. From Southwark, London then extended further down into northern Surrey and western Kent.
Transportation in Georgia (U.S. state)
The transportation system of Georgia is a cooperation of complex systems of infrastructure comprising over 1,200 miles (1,900 km) of Interstates and more than 120 airports and airbases serving a regional population of 59,425 people.

Crescent (train)
The Crescent is a daily long-distance passenger train operated by Amtrak between New York City and New Orleans (the "Crescent City"). The 1,377-mile (2,216 km) route connects the Northeast to the Gulf Coast via the Appalachian Piedmont, with major stops in Charlotte, North Carolina; Atlanta, Georgia; and Birmingham, Alabama.

Most of the route of the Crescent is on the Norfolk Southern Railway. It is the successor to the Southern Crescent, introduced in 1970 by Norfolk Southern's predecessor, the Southern Railway.
2009–10 Taça da Liga
The 2009–10 Taça da Liga was the third edition of the Taça da Liga, also known as Carlsberg Cup for sponsorship reasons. The first matches were played on 1 August 2009. The final was played on 21 March 2010, with Benfica defeating Porto 3–0 to win their second Taça da Liga. The final was played at the Estádio Algarve, Faro.

A.D. Carregado
Associação Desportiva do Carregado, commonly known as just Carregado, is a Portuguese football club based in Carregado, a parish of Alenquer, Lisbon. Founded in 1950, it currently plays in the Portuguese third tier, holding home matches at Campo Lacerda Pinto Barreiros, which holds a capacity of 1,000.
Cabinet of Mamerto Urriolagoitía
Mamerto Urriolagoitía assumed office as the 43rd President of Bolivia on 24 October 1949, and his term was terminated upon his resignation in a self-coup on 16 May 1951. The vice president of Enrique Hertzog, Urriolagoitía had already been serving as acting president since 7 May 1949 but officially took office after Hertzog presented his resignation on 22 October.

Urriolagoitía formed three cabinets during his 18-month presidency, constituting the 123rd to 125th national cabinets of Bolivia. A further two cabinets, constituting the 121st and 122nd national cabinets, were formed while he was still acting president during the term of his predecessor Enrique Hertzog but are generally regarded as his first and second cabinets rather than Hertzog's eight and ninth.

Mamerto Urriolagoitía
Mamerto Urriolagoitía Harriague (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈmeɾto wrjolaˈɣojtja aˈrjaɣe] ⓘ; 5 December 1895 – 4 June 1974) was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who was the 43rd president of Bolivia, from 1949 to 1951. A member of the Republican Socialist Unity Party, he had previously been the 26th vice president of Bolivia, from 1947 to 1949, under President Enrique Hertzog. Urriolagoitía's short reign was characterized by the violent suppression of the opposition, especially unionists, and he is remembered for his inflexibility. He is considered the last constitutional president of the largely oligarchic social and political order that reigned in the country until the advent of the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution.
1973 Torneo Godó – Doubles
The 1973 Torneo Godó – Doubles was an event of the 1973 Torneo Godó tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Spain between 8 October and 14 October 1973. Juan Gisbert and Manuel Orantes were the defending Torneo Godó doubles champions but did not compete together in this edition. Second-seeded Ilie Năstase and Tom Okker won the title by defeating fourth-seeded Antonio Muñoz and Manuel Orantes in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2.

Barcelona Open (tennis)
The Barcelona Open (currently sponsored by Banc Sabadell) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players. The event was founded in 1953 as a combined men's and women's tournament until 1980. It is played at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain on clay courts. The event is commonly known as Trofeo Conde de Godó (English: Count of Godó Trophy).
RenderX
RenderX, Inc is a commercial software development company that provides standards-based software products, used for typeset-quality electronic and print output of business content. RenderX develops products that convert XML content into printable formats such as PDF, PostScript and AFP.

PostScript
PostScript (PS) is a page description language and dynamically typed, stack-based programming language. It is most commonly used in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing realm, but as a Turing complete programming language, it can be used for many other purposes as well. PostScript was created at Adobe Systems by John Warnock, Charles Geschke, Doug Brotz, Ed Taft and Bill Paxton from 1982 to 1984. The most recent version, PostScript 3, was released in 1997.
Dynagroove
Dynagroove is a recording process introduced in 1963 by RCA Victor that, for the first time, used analog computers to modify the audio signal used to produce master discs for LPs.  The intent was to boost bass on quiet passages, and reduce the high-frequency tracing burdens (distortion) for the less-compliant, "ball" or spherical-tipped playback cartridges then in use.  With boosted bass, tracing demands could be reduced in part by reduced recording levels, sometimes supplemented by peak compression.  This added top-end margin permitted selective pre-emphasis of some passages for greater perceived (psychological) brilliance of the recording as a whole.  As with any compander, the program material itself changed the response of the Dynagroove electronics that processed it.  But, because the changes were multiple (bass, treble, dynamic range) and algorithmic (thresholds, gain curves), RCA  referred to the analog device as a computer.

Treble (sound)
Treble describes tones of high frequency or high pitch, ranging from 6 kHz to 20 kHz, comprising the higher end of the human hearing range. In music, this corresponds to high notes. The treble clef is often used to notate such notes. Treble sound is the counterpart to bass sound. Examples of treble sounds include soprano voices, flute tones, and piccolos.

The term treble derives from the Latin triplum, used in 13th century motets to indicate the third and highest range.

The treble control is used in sound reproduction to change the volume of treble notes relative to those of the middle and bass frequency ranges.
Calvin Klein Collection
Calvin Klein Collection (renamed Calvin Klein 205W39NYC in 2017 under Raf Simons) is the brand name for the high-end designer womenswear and menswear lines from fashion house Calvin Klein which were presented on the catwalks of New York Fashion Week and Milan Fashion Week, respectively.

Designer apparel, dresses, coats, dress shirts, eyewear, footwear and leather goods were sold under this 'black label' line which represented the top level in the brand pyramid of the various Calvin Klein brands.

On March 7, 2019, parent company PVH announced a focus on the numerous less expensive mass market Calvin Klein brands and the discontinuation of the Calvin Klein 205W39NYC runway collections after the contract with designer Simons had been terminated.

In 2024, Veronica Leoni was appointed Creative Director of Calvin Klein Collection and charged with re-launching the line.

Mass market
A mass market is a market for goods produced on a large scale for a significant number of end consumers. A mass market differs from a niche market in that the former focuses on consumers with a wide variety of backgrounds with no identifiable preferences and expectations in a large market segment. Traditionally, businesses reach out to the mass market with advertising messages through a variety of media including radio, TV, newspapers and the Web.
SJ Tp
Tp was a diesel-hydraulic locomotive operated by Swedish State Railways (Swedish: Statens Järnvägar, SJ) for hauling freight trains on its 891 mm (2 ft 11+3⁄32 in) narrow gauge railways. 25 were built in total, 20 by Maschinenbau Kiel and five on licence by Svenska Järnvägsverkstäderna (The Swedish Railway Workshops).

During the 1960s most of the narrow gauge railways were converted to standard gauge, and SJ chose to rebuild the locomotives to this gauge, and also change the axle system to D, giving them the designation T23. Of the remaining ten Tps, six were scrapped in the 1970s while the last four remained in service until the 1980s. The latter have all been preserved.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Homer, Alaska
Homer (Dena'ina: Tuggeght) is a city in Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is 218 mi (351 km) southwest of Anchorage. According to the 2020 census, the population was 5,522, up from 5,003 in 2010. Long known as the "Halibut Fishing Capital of the World", Homer is also nicknamed "the end of the road", and more recently,  "the cosmic hamlet by the sea".

Denaʼina language
Denaʼina (/dɪ.ˈnaɪ.nə/, dih-NYE-nə; also Tanaina), is the Athabaskan language of the region surrounding Cook Inlet. It is geographically unique in Alaska as the only Alaska Athabaskan language to include territory which borders salt water. Four dialects are usually distinguished:

Upper Inlet, spoken in Eklutna, Knik, Susitna, Tyonek

Outer Inlet, spoken in Kenai, Kustatan, Seldovia

Iliamna, spoken in Pedro Bay, Old Iliamna, Lake Iliamna area

Inland, spoken in Nondalton, Lime Village

Of the total Denaʼina population of about 900 people, only 75–95 members still speak Denaʼina. James Kari has done extensive work on the language since 1972, including his edition with Alan Boraas of the collected writings of Peter Kalifornsky in 1991. Joan M. Tenenbaum also conducted extensive field research on the language in the 1970s.
Paradiarsia littoralis
Paradiarsia littoralis, the Labrador dart moth, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Paradiarsia littoralis is 10992.

Cutworm
Cutworms are moth larvae that hide under litter or soil during the day, coming out in the dark to feed on plants. A larva typically attacks the first part of the plant it encounters, namely the stem, often of a seedling, and consequently cuts it down, hence the name cutworm. Cutworms are not worms, biologically speaking, but caterpillars.
Iverson, Minnesota
Iverson is an unincorporated community in Twin Lakes Township, Carlton County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located between Carlton and Cromwell on State Highway 210 (MN 210), near Interstate 35.

Iverson is located five miles west-southwest of Cloquet. Black Bear Casino Resort is nearby.

Minnesota State Highway 210
Minnesota State Highway 210 (MN 210) is a state highway in west-central, central, and northeast Minnesota, which runs from North Dakota Highway 210 (ND 210) at the North Dakota state line (at Breckenridge), and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with MN 23 in Duluth near the Saint Louis River.

The route runs across Minnesota from west-central to northeast; connecting Fergus Falls, Brainerd, and Duluth. At the western terminus of MN 210, upon crossing the Red River, the roadway becomes ND 210 and feeds into ND 13. MN 210 is 228 miles (367 km) in length.
Edmonton Drillers (1996–2000)
The Edmonton Drillers, a Canadian indoor soccer team, was reconstituted in August 1996 under the ownership of Peter Pocklington. The team ("Drillers") was based at Edmonton Coliseum and played in the National Professional Soccer League. Ownership passed to Wojtek Wojcicki in 1998, and the Drillers won the NPSL National Conference in the 1998–1999 season. The franchise ended in November 2000 owing to financial difficulties.

Edmonton Expo Centre
The Edmonton Expo Centre, formerly the Northlands AgriCom and also known as the Edmonton Exposition and Conference Centre is a multi-purpose convention centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Operated by Explore Edmonton on behalf of the City of Edmonton, it is located in Edmonton's Montrose neighbourhood, across the street from the former Northlands Coliseum.

The venue contains over 410,000 square feet of exhibition space, including seven exhibition halls, a ballroom, and a 4,600-seat arena (branded as the Flair Airlines Hangar for sponsorship reasons).
Lewisia kelloggii
Lewisia kelloggii is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name Kellogg's lewisia. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California, where it is known from several sites high in the mountains. It grows in rocky mountain habitat in granite and slate substrates. This is a perennial herb growing from a thick, short taproot and caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of many thick, leathery, spoon-shaped leaves up to 9 centimeters (3.5 in) long. The inflorescence bears several flowers, each on a very short stalk. The flower has 5 to 13 shiny white or pinkish petals just over a centimeter long. Under the petals are two sepals and two similar bracts lined with spherical resin glands.

A population of Lewisia plants in the Sawtooth Range in Idaho were previously included in this species. Genetic analysis has shown that it is different enough to be considered a species of its own and has been named Lewisia sacajaweana, Sacajawea's bitterroot.

Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally and horizontally. Typically, a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproot is a storage organ so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.

The taproot system contrasts with the adventitious- or fibrous-root system of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during germination go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example, Welwitschia.
Ptychochromis curvidens
Ptychochromis curvidens is an endangered species of fish in the cichlid family. It is endemic to a few rivers that flow west from Montagne d'Ambre in far northern Madagascar. It is threatened by habitat loss and introduced species. It reaches about 14.7 cm (5.8 in) in standard length.

Montagne d'Ambre National Park
Montagne d'Ambre National Park is a national park in the Diana Region of northern Madagascar. The park is known for its endemic flora and fauna, water falls and crater lakes. It is 1,000 km (620 mi) north of the capital, Antananarivo, and is one of the most biologically diverse places in all of Madagascar with seventy-five species of birds, twenty-five species of mammals, and fifty-nine species of reptiles known to inhabit the park. The park is centred around Mount Ambohitra (Amber Mountain), the highest mountain in northern Madagascar.
Corn harvester
A corn harvester is a machine used on farms to harvest corn, stripping the stalks about one foot from the ground shooting the stalks through the header to the ground. The corn is stripped from its stalk and then moves through the header to the intake conveyor belt. From there it goes up the conveying system through a fan system, separating the remaining stalks from the ears. The stalks blow out the fan duct into the field while the ears drop onto another conveyor belt. The ears ride the belt and drop into a large moving bucket.

This method is done with both fresh corn and seed corn.

The first mechanical corn harvester was developed in 1930 by Gleaner Harvester Combine Corporation of Independence, Missouri.  The unit was pulled by a tractor with the unit on the left side.

Ear (botany)
An ear is the grain-bearing tip part of the stem of a cereal plant, such as wheat or maize. It can also refer to "a prominent lobe in some leaves."

The ear is a spike, consisting of a central stem on which tightly packed rows of flowers grow. These develop into fruits containing the edible seeds. In maize, an ear is protected by leaves called husks. Inside an ear of corn is a corncob.

In some species (including wheat), unripe ears contribute significantly to photosynthesis, in addition to the leaves lower down the plant.

A parasite known as Anguina tritici (ear cockle) specifically affects the ears on wheat and rye by destroying the tissues and stems during growth. The parasite has been eradicated in most countries (with the exception of North Africa and West Asia) by using the 
crop rotation system.
Kazan Wildland Provincial Park
Kazan Wildland Provincial Park is a wildland provincial park in northern Alberta, Canada. It was established on 14 May 2018 and is a large park with an area of 659,397 hectares (2,546 mi2). This park contains large lakes, sand deposits, wetlands and bedrock outcrops. It is reported to contain rare plants within its unique south facing grasslands.

As of January 2023, Kazan is the largest park under Alberta provincial authority (Banff, Jasper, and Wood Buffalo National Parks are larger but are under federal authority). The park was initiated by and is contained in the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan Land Use Framework in August 2012. Two smaller parks, La Butte Creek and Colin-Cornwall Lakes Wildland Provincial Parks, were disestablished and incorporated into Kazan.

Lower Athabasca Region
The Lower Athabasca Region is a land-use framework region in northern Alberta, Canada. One of seven in the province, each is intended to develop and implement a regional plan, complementing the planning efforts of member municipalities in order to coordinate future growth. Corresponding roughly to major watersheds while following municipal boundaries, these regions are managed by Alberta Environment and Parks.
Boscobel Airport
Boscobel Airport (ICAO: KOVS, FAA LID: OVS), also known as Boscobel Municipal Airport, is a city owned public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northeast of the central business district of Boscobel, a city in Grant County, Wisconsin, United States.

It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2025–2029, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned OVS by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.

Boscobel, Wisconsin
Boscobel (/ˈbɒskoʊbɛl/ BOSS-koh-bel) is a city in Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,286 at the 2020 census. Approximately 0.6 mi. (1 km) to the north of the city, across a riparian swamp, is the Wisconsin River. U.S. Route 61 crosses the Wisconsin River at Boscobel. To the south, the city is bordered by the Town of Boscobel.

Boscobel was the site of a stop along the now defunct Milwaukee Road, and it is still served by the Wisconsin and Southern Railroad. It is also the site of the Wisconsin Secure Program Facility (WSPF), a Wisconsin Department of Corrections prison for men. Businesses include the historic Central House Hotel, the birthplace of Gideons International.