hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Zanger
Johann Zanger (1557 – 6 September 1607) was a German jurist, professor of law at Wittenberg University.

Born in Brunswick, from 1576 Zanger studied law at Wittenberg University under Hugo Donellus. Subsequently studying in Italy, he gained a doctorate at Basel University in 1580. From 1581 onwards he was professor and judge at the aulic court of justice in Wittenberg. He later became a member of the court of lay assessors, the consistory and the regional court of Lower Lusatia.

Zanger became first professor of law at Wittenberg in 1594. He was an author condemned in the Index Librorum Prohibitorum in 1596. He died in Wittenberg on 6 September 1607.

Hugues Doneau
Hugues Doneau, commonly referred also by the Latin form Hugo Donellus (23 December 1527, in Chalon-sur-Saône – 4 May 1591, in Altdorf bei Nürnberg), was a French law professor and one of the leading representatives of French legal humanism (mos Gallicus).
Deuil–Montmagny station
Deuil–Montmagny station is a railway station in Deuil-la-Barre, France, that also serves Montmagny. It is situated on the Épinay-Villetaneuse–Le Tréport-Mers railway, between Gare d'Épinay-Villetaneuse and Gare de Persan-Beaumont. It is served by Transilien trains from Paris-Nord to Persan-Beaumont and to Luzarches. The daily number of passengers was between 2,500 and 7,500 in 2002. The station has 145 free parking spaces. (in French) The station was opened in 1877, when the Épinay-Villetaneuse – Persan-Beaumont section of the Épinay-Villetaneuse–Le Tréport-Mers railway was opened by the Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord.

Épinay-Villetaneuse–Le Tréport-Mers railway
The railway from Épinay-Villetaneuse to Le Tréport-Mers is a French 173-kilometre long railway line, that connects Paris to Le Tréport on the English Channel coast. It was opened in several stages between 1872 and 1877.
Dan Higgins
Dan Higgins (born January 28, 1957, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States) is an American saxophone and woodwind player. He has worked with such artists as John Williams, Seth MacFarlane, Aerosmith, Stevie Wonder, Neil Diamond, Al Jarreau, Maroon 5, Kenny Loggins, Barry Manilow, Elton John, Go West, The Temptations, Lionel Richie, Joe Cocker, Luis Miguel, Lisa Stansfield, and Eros Ramazzotti. He has over 800 motion picture soundtracks to his credit. He is also known as the saxophone sound of Bleeding Gums Murphy from The Simpsons.

Higgins graduated from North Texas State University.

Go West (band)
Go West are an English pop duo, formed in 1982 by lead vocalist Peter Cox and rhythm guitarist and backing  vocalist Richard Drummie. At the Brit Awards 1986, they received the Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act. The duo enjoyed popularity between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s and are best known for the international top 10 hits "We Close Our Eyes", "Call Me", "Faithful", and "King of Wishful Thinking"; the last was featured in the American romantic comedy film Pretty Woman (1990).
Anthems for the Champion – The Queen
Anthems for the Champion – The Queen is an EP by German female hard rock singer Doro Pesch, released in 2007 through AFM Records. The EP collects all the anthems composed by Doro and used to introduce the performances of her good friend, the German female boxing champion Regina Halmich. The only previously unreleased song is "The Queen", which Halmich used as an anthem for her final year of agonistic activity.

The EP reached position No. 89 in the German single chart.

AFM Records
AFM Records GmbH is a music label based in Schwalmstadt, Germany. They focus on the heavy metal musical genre, signing bands such as U.D.O., Doro, Lordi, Kotipelto, Masterplan, Nostradameus, Redlight King, and Annihilator.

In 2005, Candlelight Records signed a cooperative deal with AFM to mutually release and market several titles.

The exclusive distribution in Greece is being carried out by Infinity Entertainment IKE.
Emory Seidel
Emory Pius Seidel (May 14, 1881 – April 23, 1954) was a Chicago sculptor, painter and designer who created numerous sculptures and paintings that are displayed publicly throughout the United States. He was affiliated with the Art Institute of Chicago.  In 1925, he was awarded the John C. Shaffer Prize from the Art Institute of Chicago. His work is considered to be part of the "Art Deco" style.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Roscoe, Montana
Roscoe is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Carbon County, Montana, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 15. Roscoe depends on light tourism and features a guest ranch, the Pioneer Pottery, and the Grizzly Bar & Grill.

Situated on Montana Highway 78, Roscoe is 20 miles from Red Lodge and 13 miles from Absarokee.

Montana Highway 78
Montana Highway 78 (MT 78) in the U.S. state of Montana is a state highway running in a northerly direction from an intersection with U.S. Highway 212  (US 212) at the city of Red Lodge. It runs through Roscoe and Absarokee. The highway extends about 49 miles (79 km) to a northern terminus at Interstate 90 (I-90) in the town of Columbus.
Tri Martolod
Tri Martolod ("Three sailors" in Breton) or Tri Martolod Yaouank ("Three young sailors"), is a traditional Breton song which dates to the 18th century in Lower Brittany. It was made famous by the interpretation, the arrangement and the recordings made by the Breton harpist Alan Stivell, in the 1970s.

The lyrics tell the story of three young sailors who embark for Newfoundland and the history quickly settles into a romantic dialogue. The music is a round in three steps typical of the South Cornouaille and common in the Breton coastal areas.

Celtic harp
The Celtic  harp is a triangular frame harp traditional to the Celtic nations of northwest Europe. It is known as cláirseach in Irish, clàrsach in Scottish Gaelic, telenn in Breton and telyn in Welsh. In Ireland and Scotland, it was a wire-strung instrument requiring great skill and long practice to play, and was traditionally associated with the Gaelic nobility of Ireland. It appears on Irish coins, Guinness products, and the coat of arms of the Republic of Ireland, Montserrat, Canada and the United Kingdom.
Thulaspis
Thulaspis is an extinct genus of artiopodan arthropod from the Cambrian Stage 3 aged Sirius Passet site in Greenland. It is thought to be a close relative of Squamacula, and is possibly one of the most basal members of Artiopoda.

Cambrian Stage 3
Cambrian Stage 3 is the still unnamed third stage of the Cambrian. It succeeds Cambrian Stage 2 and precedes Cambrian Stage 4, although neither its base nor top have been formally defined. The plan is for its lower boundary to correspond approximately to the first appearance of trilobites, about 521 million years ago, though the globally asynchronous appearance of trilobites warrants the use of a separate, globally synchronous marker to define the base. The upper boundary and beginning of Cambrian Stage 4 is informally defined as the first appearance of the trilobite genera Olenellus or Redlichia around 514.5 million years ago.
EPCI
EPCI stands for Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Installation, a common form of contracting arrangement within offshore construction. The acronym EPIC for Engineering, Procurement, Installation & Commissioning is also used.

Under an EPCI contract, the contractor will design the structure(s), procure the necessary materials, undertake construction and transportation and set it up at the offshore site. The contractor does this either through own labor or by subcontracting part of the work. The contractor carries the project risk for schedule as well as budget in return for a fixed price, called lump sum or LSTK depending on the agreed scope of work.

In EPCI contracts, the contractor rarely carries the project risk unconditionally. Rather, contractor and customer have detailed discussions on the division of the risk. Risk of delays and cost overruns due to lacking weather windows is an example of a typical risk that may be borne by the customer rather than the contractor.

Lump sum turnkey
Lump sum turnkey (LSTK) is a combination of the business-contract concepts of lump sum and turnkey. Lump sum is a noun which means a complete payment consisting of a single sum of money while turnkey is an adjective of a product or service which means product or service will be ready to use upon delivery.

In the construction industry, LSTK combines two concepts. The LS (lump sum) part refers to the payment of a fixed sum for the delivery under e.g. an EPC contract. The financial risk lies with the contractor. TK (turn key) specifies that the scope of work includes start-up of the facility to a level of operational status. Ultimately the scope of work will define just exactly what is needed.
Dunkindonuts.org
dunkindonuts.org was a "gripe" website operated for two years by David Felton, a 25-year-old school teacher from Hamden, Connecticut.  Felton founded the site in 1997 after he discovered that Dunkin' Donuts coffee stores in Hartford, Connecticut did not carry certain items, such as 1% milk.  The site was established as a hotbed for complaints, inviting Dunkin' Donuts customers and disgruntled employees to vent their opinions about the company and its service for the world to see.

Its comment form logged troves of messages from customers across the United States.  Media coverage put dunkindonuts.org in the national spotlight as one early example of corporate criticism on the World Wide Web.  The .org site was sometimes listed on search engines before the company's own website.

.org
The domain name org is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) of the Domain Name System (DNS) used for Internet services. The name is truncated from organization. It was one of the original domains established in 1985, and has been operated by the Public Interest Registry since 2003. The domain was originally "intended as the miscellaneous TLD for organizations that didn't fit anywhere else". It is commonly used by non-profit organizations, open-source projects, and communities, but is an open domain that can be used by anyone. The number of registered domains in .org increased from fewer than one million in the 1990s to ten million in 2012, and has held steady between ten and eleven million since then.
Eriswell Low Warren
Eriswell Low Warren is a 7.4-hectare (18-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Eriswell in Suffolk. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and part of the Breckland Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.

The site is mainly unimproved acidic grassland on sandy soils, which has a variety of typical Breckland flora, and there are also areas of lichens and bryophytes. Rare plants include purple-stem cat's-tail, spring speedwell, Spanish catchfly and perennial knawel.

The site is private land with no public access.

Phleum phleoides
Phleum phleoides (common names: Boehmer's cat's-tail and purple-stem cat's-tail) is a perennial grass native to most of Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia. Culms are erect and 10–70 centimetres (3.9–27.6 in) in height; leaf blades are 5–12 centimetres (2.0–4.7 in) long by 1–3.5 millimetres (0.039–0.138 in) wide.

It can be confused with related species Timothy-grass, Phleum pratense. However purple-stem cat's-tail prefers lighter soils and grows on chalk downland.
Yang Sung-hsien
Yang Sung-hsien (simplified Chinese: 杨松弦; traditional Chinese: 楊松弦; pinyin: Yáng Sōngxián, born October 6, 1977) is a Taiwanese baseball player who currently plays for Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions of Chinese Professional Baseball League. He currently plays as left fielder for the Lions. Yang was banned from playing in CPBL for protesting the Chinatrust Whales' management in 2003. The ban was lifted in 2005 with the helps of Uni-President Lions, La New Bears, and Chinatrust Whales under a new general manager; the three organization contested the 2003 decision of the league, and successfully lifted the ban.

Rakuten Monkeys
The Rakuten Monkeys (Chinese: 樂天桃猿; pinyin: Lètiān Táoyuán; lit. 'Rakuten Taoyuan Monkeys'), formerly known as La New Bears (2004–2010) and Lamigo Monkeys (2011–2019), are a professional baseball team in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in Taiwan. Owned and administered by the Japanese technology conglomerate Rakuten, the Monkeys qualified for the playoffs in 2006 for the first time in team history, and by finishing with the best record in the entire season, gained an automatic berth for the Taiwan Series.
Roma Point Bridge
The Roma Point Bridge is a 1.7 km (1.1 mi) cable-stayed bridge under construction between the towns of Quezon and Calauag in Quezon, Philippines. The bridge will connect Alabat Island and its three municipalities of Perez, Alabat, and Quezon with the rest of Luzon, which are separated by Silangan Pass. Once completed, it will be the longest bridge in Quezon province and the Calabarzon region.

Alabat, Quezon
Alabat, officially the Municipality of Alabat (Tagalog: Bayan ng Alabat),  is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 15,744 people.

The town is home to a few speakers of the critically endangered Inagta Alabat language, one of the most endangered languages in the world as listed by UNESCO.

It is founded in the year 1882 by a Spanish priest from Gumaca and built an ermita that honours Our Lady of Monte Carmelo. Its first name was Gordo, which means "fat", due to the island's shape. It was change to Gordon, Barcelona, and later on Alabat. The formal establishment of the town is in the year of 1900.
Paula Malcomson
Paula Malcomson (born 1 June 1970) is an Irish actress. She is sometimes credited as Paula Williams. She is known for playing Trixie in Deadwood (2004–2006), Maureen Ashby in Sons of Anarchy (2010), and Asterid Everdeen in The Hunger Games film series (2012–2015).

The Hunger Games (franchise)
The Hunger Games is an American media franchise centering on a series of science fiction dystopian adventure films, based on the novel series by Suzanne Collins. The series features an ensemble cast including Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Stanley Tucci, and Donald Sutherland.

The first three films set various box office records. The Hunger Games (2012) set records for biggest opening day and biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel. Catching Fire (2013) set the record for biggest opening weekend of November. Mockingjay – Part 1 (2014) had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014. The films, including Mockingjay – Part 2 (2015), were praised for their themes and Lawrence's performance. The first prequel film The Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes (2023), received mixed reviews and had the lowest opening weekend of the series. The series is the 21st-highest-grossing film franchise of all time, having grossed $3.3 billion worldwide.
The Magicians (Grossman novel)
The Magicians is a new adult fantasy novel by the American author Lev Grossman, published in 2009 by Viking Press. It tells the story of Quentin Coldwater, a young man who discovers and attends a secret college of magic in New York. The novel received critical acclaim and was followed by a sequel, The Magician King, in 2011 and a third novel, The Magician's Land, in 2014.

A television series adaptation of the novels premiered on Syfy in 2015. Grossman has also worked on two comic book stories based on his novels.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Ercole amante
Ercole amante (Hercules in Love, French: Hercule amoureux) is an opera in a prologue and five acts by Francesco Cavalli. Its Italian libretto is by Francesco Buti, based on Sophocles' The Trachiniae and on the ninth book of Ovid's Metamorphoses. The first performance took place on 7 February 1662 in the Salle des Machines of the Tuileries in Paris.

Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (French: palais des Tuileries, [palɛ de tɥilʁi]) was a palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the Seine, directly in the west-front of the Louvre Palace. It was the Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from Henri IV to Napoleon III, until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 and demolished in 1883.

Construction began in 1564, originally to serve as a home for Queen Catherine de' Medici, and was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres. Since the destruction of the Tuileries, the courtyard has remained open to the west, and the site now overlooks the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden, forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper.
Azar (name)
Azar is the common English spelling for several given names and surnames:

Arabic: عازار, romanized: ʿĀzār, the Arabic name of Lazarus of Bethany

Persian: آذر, romanized: Āzar, lit. 'fire'

Hebrew: עֵזֶר, romanized: ʿĒzer, lit. 'helper', cf. Ebenezer (given name)

Āzar is a common boys', girls', and last name in Persian-speaking countries. Azarkade or Atashkade are the fire temples of Zoroastrianism, a religion that originated in Iran.

People with the name include:

Fire temple
A fire temple (Persian: آتشکده, romanized: ātashkade; Gujarati: અગિયારી, romanized: agiyārī) is a place of worship for Zoroastrians. In Zoroastrian doctrine, atar and aban (fire and water) are agents of ritual purity.

Clean, white "ash for the purification ceremonies [is] regarded as the basis of ritual life", which "are essentially the rites proper to the tending of a domestic fire, for the temple [fire] is that of the hearth fire raised to a new solemnity". For, one "who sacrifices unto fire with fuel in his hand ..., is given happiness".

As of 2021, there were 167 fire temples in the world, of which 45 were in Mumbai, 105 in the rest of India, and 17 in other countries. Of these, only nine (one in Iran and eight in India) are the main temples known as Atash Behrams; the remainder are the smaller temples known as agiaries.
Royal Commission on the Moving Picture Industry in Australia
The Royal Commission on the Moving Picture Industry in Australia was held from 1926–1928. It explored a series of issues to do with the Australian film industry, with evidence given by a number of leading figures at the time, including Franklyn Barrett, Gayne Dexter, Paulette McDonagh, Stuart F. Doyle, William Gibson, Raymond Longford and Louise Lovely. It made a number of recommendations, but its ultimate impact was limited.

Paulette McDonagh
Paulette de Vere McDonagh (11 June 1901 – 30 August 1978), was an Australian film director, who often worked in collaboration with her sisters Phyllis McDonagh and Isabel McDonagh (aka Marie Lorraine). In 1933 it was claimed she was one of only five female film directors in the world.

At one stage the sisters had offers to go to Hollywood. "Fox Films offered to send us," said Phyllis McDonagh, "...but we were sensible girls. We sat down and talked and decided we would end up very small fish in a big pond. At home we had work and a reputation."
Statolatry
Statolatry is a term formed from the word "state" and a suffix derived from the Latin and Greek word latria, meaning "worship". It first appeared in Giovanni Gentile's Doctrine of Fascism, published in 1931 under Mussolini's name, and was also mentioned in Gramsci's Prison Notebooks (1971) sometime between 1931–1932, while he was imprisoned by Mussolini. The same year, the encyclical Non abbiamo bisogno by Pope Pius XI criticized Fascist Italy as developing "a pagan worship of the state" which it called "statolatry".

The term politiolatry was used to describe reason of state doctrine in the 17th century with similar intent.

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
School District of Beloit
The School District of Beloit is a school district in the county of Rock County, Wisconsin serving the City of Beloit. The School District of Beloit educates approximately 4,954 students in 6 elementary schools, 2 intermediate schools and 1 high school. The school district offers four-year-old kindergarten, alternative programming, and charter schools.

The district includes almost all of Beloit.

Rock County, Wisconsin
Rock County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 163,687. Its county seat is Janesville. Rock County comprises the Janesville–Beloit metropolitan statistical area and is included in the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Basil Russo
Basil M. Russo (born March 10, 1947) is an American attorney, politician of the Democratic Party, and judge. He was majority leader of the Cleveland City Council. Later he served as a judge of the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas and a judge of the Ohio's Eighth District Court of Appeals.

Russo served as managing partner of the law firm of Russo, Rosalina & Co, LPA from the firm's founding in 1978 until his retirement in 2014, except during the years he served on the bench. In 2014, Basil was elected as president of the Italian Sons and Daughters of America. He is the father of Anthony and Joe Russo, directors of several successful Marvel superhero films, Angela Russo-Otstot, Senior Vice President of Story at AGBO Films, and Gabriella Rosalina, Managing Partner of Russo, Rosalina & Co.

John Carroll University
John Carroll University (JCU) is a private Jesuit university in University Heights, Ohio, United States, a suburb of Cleveland. It was founded in 1886 as St. Ignatius College and renamed in 1923 for John Carroll, the first Catholic bishop in the United States. For the 2025–2026 academic year, the university enrolled approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students.

The university is primarily an undergraduate, liberal arts institution composed of three colleges—the College of Arts and Sciences, the Boler College of Business, and the College of Health. As a Jesuit institution, the university follows an educational approach shaped by Jesuit traditions.