hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Intravenous regional anesthesia
Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) or Bier's block anesthesia is an anesthetic technique on the body's extremities where a local anesthetic is injected intravenously and isolated from circulation in a target area. The technique usually involves exsanguination of the target region, which forces blood out of the extremity, followed by the application of pneumatic tourniquets to safely stop blood flow. The anesthetic agent is intravenously introduced into the limb and allowed to diffuse into the surrounding tissue while tourniquets retain the agent within the desired area.

Exsanguination
Exsanguination is the loss of blood from the circulatory system of a vertebrate, usually leading to death.  The word comes from the Latin 'sanguis', meaning blood, and the prefix 'ex-', meaning 'out of'.

Exsanguination has long been used as a method of animal slaughter.

In the past, bloodletting was a common medical procedure or therapy, but it is now rarely used in medicine.

Depending upon the health of the individual, a person usually dies from losing half to two-thirds of their blood; a loss of roughly one-third of the blood volume is considered a critical condition. Even a single deep cut can warrant suturing and hospitalization, especially if trauma, a vein or artery, or another comorbidity is involved.
Bysse
The Bysse family were prominent in the Dublin legal world in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and were also substantial landowners. Their main seat was Brackenstown House near Swords, and they also had a townhouse at Preston's Inn, on the site of the present-day  City Hall. The most notable member of the family was John Bysse (1602?-1680), who became Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer His father and grandfather had both been officials in the Exchequer of Ireland, and his brother Robert sat in the Irish House of Commons in the 1630s, where he was a leading spokesman for the Royalist party. Through his daughter Judith most of the Bysse property passed to her son Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth.

A portrait of John Bysse, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer was painted by James Thornhill.

Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
The Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer was the Baron (judge) who presided over the Irish Court of Exchequer. This was a mirror of the equivalent court in England, and was one of the four courts which sat in the building in Dublin which is still called The Four Courts.

The title Chief Baron was first used in 1309 by Walter de Islip. In the early centuries of its existence, it was a political as well as a judicial office, and as late as 1442 the Lord Treasurer of Ireland thought it necessary to recommend that the Chief Baron should always be a properly trained lawyer (which Michael Gryffin, the Chief Baron at the time, was not). There are two cryptic references in the Patent Rolls, for 1386 and 1390, to the Liberty of Ulster having its own Chief Baron.

The last Chief Baron, The Rt Hon. Christopher Palles, continued to hold the title after the Court was merged into a new High Court of Justice in Ireland in 1878, until his retirement in 1916, when the office lapsed.
Homewood, Illinois
Homewood is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 19,463 at the 2020 census.

The village sits just a few miles south of Chicago proper. It is bordered by Chicago Heights and Flossmoor to the south, Hazel Crest to the west, East Hazel Crest and Harvey to the north, Glenwood to the east, and South Holland to the northeast.

WHFH
WHFH 88.5 FM is an American FM non-profit non-commercial educational high school radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to serve the community of and areas surrounding Flossmoor, Illinois. (approx. 2.4 million people)  The station is owned and operated by Homewood-Flossmoor High School.

Flossmoor is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of Chicago. The station operates 24/7, switching to virtual management during the Covid-19 pandemic and allowing for the station to run beyond the former cutoff time of 6 pm on Friday. WHFH covers all home Varsity football games. There is also extra programming (i.e. school sports games and local events). The program also has a remote capability, allowing students to go live on the air anywhere in the world.

Former WHFH hosts have gone on to hold careers in TV and radio both locally and nationally, such as Jason Benetti, Chuck Garfien, Laurence Holmes and Randy Merkin.
Haile, Cumbria
Haile is a small village and civil parish in Cumberland district, in the county of Cumbria, England. It had a population of 617 at the 2011 census.

Nearby settlements include the town of Egremont and the villages of Thornhill and Beckermet. For transport there is the A595 road nearby. The village stands high, and is exposed to the west winds. The parish is situated near the River Ellen, and comprised the townships of Hale and Wilton.

A595 road
The A595 is a primary route in Cumbria, in Northern England that starts in Carlisle, passes through Whitehaven and goes close to Workington, Cockermouth and Wigton. It passes Sellafield and Ravenglass before ending at the Dalton-in-Furness by-pass, in southern Cumbria, where it joins the A590 trunk road. The road is mostly single carriageway, apart from in central Carlisle, where it passes the castle as a busy dual carriageway road named Castle Way, and prior to that as Bridge Street and Church Street, where it passes close to the McVitie's or Carr's biscuit factory. The Lillyhall bypass is also dual carriageway.

The road in the Whitehaven area was laid out in the 1930s and the A595 was designated a trunk route in 1946. It was detrunked in 1998, apart from an 18-mile (29 km) section between Little Clifton and Calder Bridge. This section represents the route from Sellafield to the A66.

At Duddon Bridge and at Dove Ford near Grizebeck the road passes through farmyards.
Peking Express
Peking Express is a Dutch–Flemish reality game show that follows a series of couples as they hitchhike to or from Beijing (only in the first three seasons; the following seasons are set elsewhere around the world). The series, first broadcast on 14 March 2004, ran for seven seasons from 2004 to 2008 and was revived in 2012 (as a sole Dutch production) and again in 2017. In the Netherlands, it was screened by Net5 and in Belgium by VT4 during its original 2000s run before moving to Q2 in 2017. The game show concept has also been sold to a number of countries around the world since 2005.

Play (Belgian TV channel)
Play is a Belgian-Flemish commercial television channel. It is part of Play Media and production company Woestijnvis.

As of 2010, the channel has a market share of more than 7%.

The channel was formerly known as VIER from 17 September 2012 to 27 January 2021. On 28 January 2021, the channel was rebranded to Play4. On 13 October 2025, the channel was rebranded to Play.

Its owner also operates sister stations Play Fictie, Play Actie and Play Reality. The channel broadcasts entertainment shows, series, cartoons, movies, and sports.
SITE
SITE (originally also known as Sculpture in the Environment) is an architecture and environmental design firm founded in 1970 by James Wines.

Located in the Wall Street area of New York City, the firm aims to unite building design with visual art, landscape, and green technology.

In the 1970s, SITE became internationally known for a series of highly unorthodox retail facilities for Best Products. While keeping the basic shape of a simple brick box, SITE gave the exteriors of the buildings an ironic postmodern twist, often suggesting cracks in the brickwork or deforming walls.

The severely distressed crumbling walls of the Indeterminate facade near Houston, Texas purportedly “appeared in more books on 20th century architecture than photographs of any other modern structure.”

Despite possibly representing "the apex of American Postmodernism," all the BEST facades except for the Forest Building disappeared or are now unrecognisably transformed.

Postmodern architecture
Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style championed by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. The movement was formally introduced by the architect and urban planner Denise Scott Brown and architectural theorist Robert Venturi in their 1972 book Learning from Las Vegas, building upon Venturi's "gentle manifesto" Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture, published by the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1966.

The style flourished from the 1980s through the 1990s, particularly in the work of Scott Brown & Venturi, Philip Johnson, Charles Moore and Michael Graves. In the late 1990s, it divided into a multitude of new tendencies, including high-tech architecture, neo-futurism, new classical architecture, and deconstructivism. However, some buildings built after this period are still considered postmodern.
George Fraley
George W. Fraley (April 4, 1931 – August 24, 2016) was an American politician. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1996 to 2010. Previously, he served as County Executive of Franklin County, Tennessee from 1990 to 1994, and as county commissioner from 1969 to 1982. He died in 2016 in Nashville after a cerebral hemorrhage.

Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The House convenes, along with the Senate, at the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville.
Moreshet
Moreshet (Hebrew: מוֹרֶשֶׁת, lit. 'Heritage') is a community settlement in northern Israel whose members adhere to a religious Jewish identity. Located in the Lower Galilee between Karmiel and Shefa-'Amr, it falls under the jurisdiction of Misgav Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,601.

Karmiel
Karmiel (Hebrew: כרמיאל) is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Established in 1964 as a development town, Karmiel is located in the Beit HaKerem Valley which divides upper and lower Galilee. The city is located south of the Acre–Safed road, 32 kilometres (20 miles) from Safed and 20 km (12 miles) from Ma'alot-Tarshiha and 20 km (12 mi) from Acre. In 2023 Karmiel had a population of 48,675.
The Way It Is (Glenn Hughes album)
The Way It Is is a studio album by former Deep Purple, Black Sabbath and Trapeze vocalist/ bassist Glenn Hughes. It was released in 1999 on Nippon Crown, SPV and Shrapnel Records and was Hughes’ sixth solo studio album.

Nippon Crown
Nippon Crown Co., Ltd. (日本クラウン株式会社, Nippon Kuraun Kabushikaisha) is a Japanese record label established as Crown Records on 6 September 1963. It is a spin-off of Nippon Columbia and is owned by karaoke maker Daiichikosho. The record label singles which topped the Oricon Singles Chart are Kaze's "22-Sai no Wakare" (1975), and Gackt's "Returner (Yami no Shūen)" (2007).
Frozen Rush
The Red Bull Frozen Rush was a short course off-road match race held on snowy alpine skiing slopes. The event debuted in 2014 featuring eight short-course and desert off-road racing drivers. Road & Track magazine said "The unique action provided a mix between the traditional stadium-style off-road racing and the crossover jumping from Global Rallycross."

Road & Track
Road & Track (stylized as R&T) is an American automotive enthusiast magazine first published 1947. It is owned by Hearst Magazines and is published six times per year. The editorial offices are located in New York City.
Madonna and Child (Signorelli)
Madonna and Child is a tempera on panel tondo painting by Luca Signorelli, created c. 1492–1493, now in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. The rocky landscape in the background shows the influence of Leonardo da Vinci, whilst to the right is a nude seated on a rock, referencing the marble Spinario, which at that date was already in the Uffizi in Florence.

Tondo (art)
A tondo (pl.: tondi or tondos) is a Renaissance term for a circular work of art, either a painting or a sculpture. The word derives from the Italian rotondo, "round". The term is usually not used in English for small round paintings, but only those over about 60 cm (two feet) in diameter, thus excluding many round portrait miniatures – for sculpture the threshold is rather lower.

A circular or oval relief sculpture is also called a roundel. The infrequently-encountered synonym rondo usually refers to the musical form.
HMS Rambler
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Rambler:

HMS Rambler (1778) was a 10-gun cutter purchased in 1778. She sank in 1785 but was raised and refitted, and sold in 1787.

HMS Rambler (1796) was a 14-gun brig-sloop, previously a cutter, purchased in 1796. She was sold in 1816.

HMS Rambler (1856) was a Cheerful-class wooden screw gunboat built as HMS Ramble but renamed in 1855 and launched in 1856. She was broken up in 1869.

HMS Rambler (1880) was an Algerine-class gunvessel launched in 1880. She was converted to a survey vessel in 1884 and was sold in 1907.

Survey vessel
A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.
Ahmer Shehzad Leghari
Ahmer Shehzad Leghari is an air marshal in the Pakistan Air Force who served as the vice chief of the Air Staff from 2020 to 2021. He also served as the director general logistics at Joint Staff Headquarters at Chaklala, Rawalpindi and chairperson of the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra.

Vice Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)
The Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) is the second-in-command of the Pakistan Air Force and reports to the Chief of the Air Staff. Since 1979, it has been held by an Air Marshal, a three-star rank air force officer, who is responsible for flight safety, intelligence, procurement, public relations, and the PAF Air War College.
Cégep Édouard-Montpetit
Cégep Édouard-Montpetit (French pronunciation: [seʒɛp edwaʁ mɔ̃tpəti]) is a public Francophone college in Longueuil, Quebec, Canada.  Approximately 7,300 (fall 2016) students (as much in the Continuing Education programs) are enrolled in the 2 campuses, the main one located in Longueuil and the École nationale d'aérotechnique in St-Hubert campuses. It is affiliated with the ACCC, and CCAA.

College education in Quebec
In the Canadian province of Quebec, college education (informally referred to as just college or as CÉGEP) is the level immediately after high school. It encompasses a range of technical, academic, and vocational education, including some specialized programs. The Quebec education system is unique in North America.

The college level is both a post-secondary education in itself and a separate step required for university admissions. For students graduating from secondary school in Quebec, a college diploma is required for admission into university. In the rest of Canada, colleges have historically been technical schools that offer specialized professional or vocational education in specific employment fields.
Hugh Boulton Morphy
Hugh Boulton Morphy (March 12, 1860 – September 23, 1932) was a lawyer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Perth North in the House of Commons of Canada from 1911 to 1921 as a Conservative.

He was born in St. Mary's, Canada West, the son of Edmund Morphy and Susan Nowlan, and was educated there and at Osgoode Hall. Morphy practised law in Listowel. In 1890, he married Magdalene Hess.  He defeated James Palmer Rankin in the federal elections of 1911 and 1917, running as a Unionist Party member in 1917. He was defeated by Rankin when he ran for reelection to the House of Commons in 1921.

Morphy also served on the municipal council for Listowel and on the local school board. He was considered one of the best all round cricketers in Canada of his time. Morphy died in Listowel at the age of 72.

Osgoode Hall
Osgoode Hall is a landmark building in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The original 2+1⁄2-storey building was started in 1829 and finished in 1832 from a design by John Ewart and William Warren Baldwin. The structure is named for William Osgoode, the first Chief Justice of Upper Canada (now the province of Ontario).

It originally served to house the regulatory body for lawyers in Ontario along with its law school, formally established as Osgoode Hall Law School in 1889, which was the only recognized professional law school for the province at the time. The original building was constructed between 1829 and 1832 in the late Georgian Palladian and Neoclassical styles. It currently houses the Ontario Court of Appeal, the Divisional Court of the Superior Court of Justice, the offices of the Law Society of Ontario and the Great Library of the Law Society.
Joe Huston
Joe Huston (March 10, 1915 – March 21, 1975) was an American football player and coach and college athletic administrator. He served as the head football coach at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, from 1947 to 1964. Huston was also the school's athletic director from 1964 to 1972.

Huston began his coaching career at the high school level, first at Bend High School in Bend, Oregon, and then at Roosevelt High School and Grant High School in Portland. He was hired at Lewis & Clark in September 1947 to succeed Robert L. Mathews, who died suddenly on September 1.

Huston was born March 10, 1915, in Colfax, Washington. He died on March 21, 1975, of an apparent heart attack in his sleep, at his home in Portland.

Bend Senior High School
Bend Senior High School (BSHS) is the oldest high school located in Bend, Oregon, United States. The school opened 122 years ago, in 1904, but did not graduate its first class of seniors (three students) until 1909. Old Bend High School, the original building, was located downtown on Bond Street, where the Bend-La Pine School District office now stands. The school's mascot is a lava bear.
Chilean ship Colo Colo
Five ships of the Chilean Navy have been named after the Mapuche leader Colo Colo:

Chilean schooner Colo Colo (1830), a brigantine of 140 t formerly named Flora

Chilean torpedo boat Colo Colo (1880), a Colo Colo-class torpedo boat of 5 or 30 tons which was transported to the Titicaca Lake during the War of the Pacific

Chilean minelayer Colo Colo (1917), a Golub-class guard ship of 540 t

Chilean tug Colo Colo (1931), (ATA 73) a tug of 760 t, now a museum ship in Punta Arenas

Colo Colo (1972), a tug, formerly RAM Lenga

Chilean minelayer Colo Colo
The Chilean minelayer Colo Colo was a minelayer purchased from Finland in 1919. The ship entered service with the Chilean Navy in 1920.  She remained a part of the Chilean Navy until 1930 when the ship was sold and renamed Toqui. The ship sank in 1944.
Point counting (geology)
In geology, point counting is a method to determine the proportion of an area  that is covered by some objects of interest. In most cases the area is a thin section or a polished slab. The objects of interest vary between subdisciplines and can for example be quartz or feldspar grains in sedimentology, any type of mineral in petrology or different taxonomic groups in paleontology.

Feldspar
Feldspar (/ˈfɛl(d).ˌspɑːr/ FEL(D)-spar; sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the alkali (potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.

Feldspars crystallize from magma as both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspars are also found in many types of sedimentary rocks.
The Complete Reprise Sessions
The Complete Reprise Sessions is a box set released in 2006 featuring both of Gram Parsons's early 1970s solo albums, GP and Grievous Angel. The box set features interviews and previously unreleased alternate takes.

Gram Parsons
Ingram Cecil Connor III (November 5, 1946 – September 19, 1973), known professionally as Gram Parsons, was an American musician. He recorded with the International Submarine Band, the Byrds, and the Flying Burrito Brothers, popularizing what he called "Cosmic American Music", a hybrid of country, rhythm and blues, soul, folk, and rock. He has been credited with helping to found the country rock and alt-country genres and received a ranking of No. 87 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
Arthez-de-Béarn
Arthez-de-Béarn (French pronunciation: [aʁtɛz də beaʁn], literally Arthez of Béarn; Gascon: Artés) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.

It took its name from the county of Artois (Artés in Occitan, adapted in French as Arthès or Arthez) like three other communes of France (Arthez-d'Asson, Arthez-d'Armagnac, and Arthès).

In 1950, -de-Béarn was added to its name to differentiate it from the other Arthès.

Artois
Artois (/ɑːrˈtwɑː/ ar-TWAH, French: [aʁtwɑ]; Dutch: Artesië; Picard: Artoé; English adjective: Artesian) is a region of northern France. Its territory covers an area of about 4,000 km2 and it has a population of about one million. Its principal cities include Arras (Dutch: Atrecht), Saint-Omer, Lens, and Béthune. It is the eponym for the term Artesian.
At the Unity Theatre
At the Unity Theatre is a live album by saxophonist Evan Parker and drummer Paul Lytton. It was recorded in January 1975 at the Unity Theatre in London, and was released later that year by Incus Records. The album was reissued on CD, with three extra tracks, by Psi Records in 2003.

Unity Theatre, London
Unity Theatre was a theatre club which existed between 1936-1994, and was initially based in St Judes Hall, Britannia Street, Somers Town, London, NW1. In 1937, it moved to a former chapel in Goldington Street, also in Somers Town, an area which is part of the present day London Borough of Camden. Although the theatre was destroyed by fire in 1975, productions continued sporadically until 1994, when the site was sold for social housing. Unity Mews is today on the site and a bronze plaque commemorates the theatre. It had links to the Left Book Club Theatre Guild and the Communist Party of Great Britain. By the end of the theatre's first decade, it had spawned 250 branches throughout Britain.
Tolworth Girls' School
Tolworth Girls' School is a secondary school and sixth form for girls aged 11–20 in Surbiton, London, England, in the Royal Borough of Kingston Upon Thames.

The school currently has 1035 girls on roll and just under 290 students in the mixed sixth form. The school has received awards including a specialism in Technology, Leading Edge School, Training School and the Artsmark Gold award.

In 2007, 2017 and 2023, it was rated 1-outstanding, by Ofsted. Its link school is Southborough High School, another local school. In August 2011 the school converted to academy status.

It is directly next to the north side of the A3 Kingston Bypass, near the Red Lion Business Park, not far from the A243 junction (Hook underpass), between Tolworth and Hook.

Technology College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
In the United Kingdom, a Technology College was part of the 2011-defunct specialist schools programme (SSP) in the United Kingdom. It was a specialist school that specialises in design and technology, mathematics and science. Beginning in 1994, they were the first specialist schools that were not CTC colleges. In 2008, there were 598 Technology Colleges in England, of which 12 also specialised in another subject.