hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GTS (company)
Global Trading Systems, which uses the trade name GTS, is an American proprietary trading and market making firm headquartered in New York. The firm accounts for 3 to 5 percent of the daily turnover of US equities and has handled over 250 IPO listings since 2013.

GTS has additional offices in Chicago, Florida, London, Paris, Warsaw, and Israel.

Market maker
A market maker or liquidity provider is a company or an individual that quotes both a buy and a sell price in a tradable asset held in inventory, hoping to make a profit on the difference, which is called the bid–ask spread or turn. This stabilizes the market, reducing price variation (volatility) by setting a trading price range for the asset.

In U.S. markets, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission defines a "market maker" as a firm that stands ready to buy and sell stock on a regular and continuous basis at a publicly quoted price. A Designated Primary Market Maker (DPM) is a specialized market maker approved by an exchange to guarantee a buy or sell position in a particular assigned security, option, or option index.
Elliott J. Clawson
Elliott J. Clawson (January 19, 1883 – July 21, 1942) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for more than 80 films between 1913 and 1929. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, and died in Vista, California. At the 2nd Academy Awards in 1930, four of his films were nominated for Best Writing: The Cop, Sal of Singapore, Skyscraper, and The Leatherneck.

Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best screenplay adapted from previously established material. The most frequently adapted media are novels, but other adapted narrative formats include stage plays, musicals, short stories, TV series, and other films and film characters. All sequels are also considered adaptations by this standard, being based on the story and characters of the original film.

Prior to its current name, the award was known as the Academy Award for Best Screenplay Based On Material From Another Medium. The Best Adapted Screenplay category has been a part of the Academy Awards since their inception.
Gampaha Electoral District
Gampaha electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Gampaha in the Western province. The district currently elects 19 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 1,785,964 registered electors in 2020. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 02.

Gampaha District
Gampaha District (Sinhala: ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය gampaha distrikkaya, Tamil: கம்பஹா மாவட்டம் Kampakai Māvaṭṭam) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country.  It is the most populous district of Sri Lanka. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Gampaha. The district was carved out of the northern part of Colombo District in September 1978.
Kępa Nagnajewska
Kępa Nagnajewska [ˈkɛmpa naɡnaˈjɛfska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Łoniów, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 81 km (50 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Edward Nower
Edward "Red" Nower (June 21, 1921 - September 19, 2006) was a Grey Cup champion Canadian Football League player. He played fullback.

A native Montrealer, Nower first won the Grey Cup with the champion St. Hyacinthe-Donnacona Navy team. After a season with the Montreal Hornets, he joined the Montreal Alouettes in 1948 and was part of the Larks first Grey Cup championship. He worked with an electrical utility while playing with the Als.

St. Hyacinthe–Donnacona Navy
St. Hyacinthe–Donnacona Navy was an  amateur Canadian football team during the Second World War. They won the Grey Cup in 1944. The team was named after the communications training school HMCS St. Hyacinthe and the naval reserve division HMCS Donnacona.
Otocinclus flexilis
Otocinclus flexilis, known in the aquarium trade as the peppered otocinclus, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known from the Lagoa dos Patos drainage basin in Brazil. The species reaches 6.8 cm (2.7 in) in total length.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Pain brié
Pain brié (French pronunciation: [pɛ̃ bʁije]) is a traditional Normandy bread. Its name comes from the pounding of the dough, as "brie" is derived from the Old Norman verb brier, meaning "to pound". The preparation includes a long kneading period and a beating of the dough, which tightens it, producing a heavy, yeasted bread with a tight crumb. It used to be the bread given to fishermen and sailors.

Dough
Dough is a malleable, sometimes elastic paste made from flour (which itself is made from grains or from leguminous or chestnut crops). Dough is typically made by mixing flour with a small amount of water or other liquid and sometimes includes yeast or other leavening agents, as well as ingredients such as fats or flavourings.

Making and shaping dough begins the preparation of a wide variety of foodstuffs, particularly breads and bread-based items, but also including biscuits, cakes, cookies, dumplings, flatbreads, noodles, pasta, pastry, pizza, piecrusts, scones and similar items. Dough can be made from a wide variety of flour, commonly wheat and rye but also maize, rice, legumes, almonds, and other cereals or crops.
Lamination (topology)
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a lamination is a :

"topological space partitioned into subsets"

decoration (a structure or property at a point) of a manifold in which some subset of the manifold is partitioned into sheets of some lower dimension, and the sheets are locally parallel.

A lamination of a surface is a partition of a closed subset of the surface into smooth curves.

It may or may not be possible to fill the gaps in a lamination to make a foliation.

Parallel (geometry)
In geometry, parallel lines are coplanar infinite straight lines that do not intersect at any point. Parallel planes are infinite flat planes in the same three-dimensional space that never meet. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, a line and a plane that do not share a point are also said to be parallel. However, two noncoplanar lines are called skew lines. Line segments and Euclidean vectors are parallel if they have the same direction or opposite direction (not necessarily the same length).

Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate. Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geometry is a special instance of this type of geometry.
In some other geometries, such as hyperbolic geometry, lines can have analogous properties that are referred to as parallelism.
The concept can also be generalized to non-straight parallel curves and non-flat parallel surfaces, which keep a fixed minimum distance and do not touch each other or intersect.
Sannois
Sannois (French pronunciation: [sanwa] ⓘ) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 15.2 km (9.4 miles) from the center of Paris, in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Kuran wa Munjan District
Kurān wa Munjān (Dari: کران و منجان) or Kurān aw Munjān (Pashto: کران او منجان) is one of the 28 districts of Badakhshan province in eastern Afghanistan.  Located in the Hindu Kush mountains, the district is home to approximately 10,761  residents. The district administrative center is Kuran wa Munjan.

The district is in the southwest corner of the province, and is bordered on its northeast side by the Jurm and Zebak Districts.  Most of the district borders other Afghan provinces, but a very small section on the eastern edge of the district lies on the international border of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The epicenter of the October 26 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake was 45 km north of here.  Famous valleys include the Koksha Valley nearby the Koksha river, which is famous for its mines.

Provinces of Afghanistan
The provinces of Afghanistan (Pashto and Dari: ولايت wilāyat) are the primary administrative divisions of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. There are 34 provinces in Afghanistan. Each province encompasses a number of districts or usually over 1,000 villages.

Provincial governors played a critical role in the reconstruction of the Afghan state following the creation of the new government under Hamid Karzai. According to international security scholar Dipali Mukhopadhyay, many of the provincial governors of the western-backed government were former warlords who were incorporated into the political system.
Truro (ship)
Truro was the ship from Madras carrying the first 342 indentured Indian laborers to arrive in Port Natal (present-day Durban) on 16 November 1860. The second group of 342 arrived in Durban on board Belvedere from Calcutta 10 days later. Indian laborers were recruited to work on sugar plantations by the South African government. In 2011, on the 150th anniversary South African government announced plans to launch a series of postal stamps to commemorate this.

The last ship, Umlazi, arrived in 1911. Passenger lists have been made available online.

Indenture
An indenture is a legal contract that reflects an agreement between two parties. Although the term is most familiarly used to refer to a labor contract between an employer and a laborer with an indentured servant status, historically indentures were used for a variety of contracts, including transfers and rents of land and even peace agreements between rulers.
George S. Keller
George Sherman Keller (born May 16, 1881) was an American clergyman and college football player and coach. He played varsity football at the University of Pennsylvania  for one season before earning his undergraduate degree and enrolling at the Philadelphia Divinity School He graduated with his seminary degree in 1907 and served as a pastor at several locations in Minnesota and South Dakota. Keller spent two seasons (1908–1909) as the head football coach at the South Dakota School of Mines in Rapid City, South Dakota, where he compiled a record of 10–1.  He also served as the head football coach at Huron University in Huron, South Dakota in 1910.

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
The South Dakota School of Mines & Technology (South Dakota Mines, SD Mines, or SDSM&T) is a public university in Rapid City, South Dakota, United States. It is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents and was founded in 1885. South Dakota Mines offers bachelor's, master’s, and doctoral degrees.
Heretaunga Street
Heretaunga Street (Māori pronunciation: [hɛɾɛˈtaʉŋa]), Māori: Te Tiriti o Heretaunga, Heretaunga, is the main arterial road through Hastings, New Zealand. The street forms the heart of the Central Business District of Hastings City across six blocks numbered 100, 200, and 300 Blocks with the railway line dividing the blocks by East and West.  The name Heretaunga is taken from the name of the Māori Land Block on which Hastings was established in 1873.

The majority of buildings along Heretaunga Street were destroyed or damaged in the deadly 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake.  As a result the six City Centre blocks were rebuilt predominantly between the years 1931–1936 in the architectural styles of Stripped Classicism, Art Deco, and Spanish Mission Revival and now comprise a full historic streetscape in one of the longest contiguous retail high streets in New Zealand.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.
Quancetia Hamilton
Quancetia Hamilton is a Canadian actress of African-Caribbean heritage. She is most noted for her performance as Agent Nelson in the television series Call Me Fitz, for which she was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 2nd Canadian Screen Awards in 2014.

She has acted most prominently on stage, including in both the 2003 Theatre Passe Muraille and 2005 Princess of Wales Theatre productions of Da Kink in My Hair.

Princess of Wales Theatre
The Princess of Wales Theatre is a 2,000-seat live theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on King Street West, in Toronto's downtown Entertainment District. The theatre's name has a triple meaning: it honours Diana, Princess of Wales, with whose consent the theatre was named; it links the building to its sister theatre, the Royal Alexandra, one block to the east, also named – with Royal assent – for a former Princess of Wales; and it recalls the Princess Theatre, Toronto's first "first-class legitimate" playhouse, that stood three blocks to the east until 1931.
Rock and Roll Over
Rock and Roll Over is the fifth studio album by American rock band Kiss, released on November 11, 1976, by Casablanca Records. It was recorded at the Star Theatre in Nanuet, New York. The album contains the songs "Hard Luck Woman" and "Calling Dr. Love", which became hit singles in the United States.

Gene Simmons
Gene Simmons (born Chaim Witz; Hebrew: חיים ויץ [χaˈim ˈvits]; August 25, 1949), also known by his stage persona "the Demon", is an Israeli-American musician. He was the bassist and co-lead singer of the hard rock band Kiss, which he co-founded with Paul Stanley, Ace Frehley, and Peter Criss in 1973. Simmons, alongside Stanley, remained a constant member of the band until their dissolution in 2023. Simmons is also known for his long tongue and for his reality television show, Gene Simmons Family Jewels, which aired from 2006 to 2012. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014 as a member of Kiss.
Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din
Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din (Arabic: محمد بن الأزهر الدين) (reigned 1488–1518) was a Sultan of the Adal Sultanate. Sihab ad-Din Ahmad states in his Futuh al-Habasha that he was the son of Azhar, the second son of Abu Bakr, one of the ten sons of Sa'ad ad-Din II, and ruled for 30 years.

Futuh al-Habasha
Futūh al-Habasha ("Conquest of the Abyssinia"), is the best-known work by the 16th-century Muslim writer Shihab al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Sālim ibn ʿUthmān of Adal-era Harar.

Written in Arabic, the Futuh al-Habasha is a firsthand account of the Ethiopian-Adal war in the 1500s. It details the conquests made by the Adal Sultanate in modern-day north, central and southern Ethiopia. It was written by Arab Faqih, a participant in the Adal army.

The authors' informants who contributed to the collection of information for his work included Emir Hussain b. Abu Bakr al-Gaturi and Ahmad Din b. Khalad b. Hargaya Muhammad, among others. According to linguist Giorgio Banti the Futuh al-Habasha is commonly associated with Harari literature.
2019–20 Tweede Divisie
The 2019–20 Tweede Divisie season was the fourth edition of the Dutch third tier since on hiatus from 1970-71 season and the 19th edition using Tweede Divisie name. Thirteen teams competed from the last season along with five promoted teams from the Derde Divisie.

At an extraordinary KNVB federation meeting on 2 October 2017, representatives of the amateur and professional football reached an agreement about the route to be taken to renew the football pyramid. Part of this agreement was that no promotion/relegation will take place between the Eerste and Tweede Divisie for the current season.

At another extraordinary KNVB federation meeting on 7 June 2018, an agreement was reached about the number of reserves teams allowed in each division as of season 2019–20. For the Tweede Divisie it will be 2 teams.

Derde Divisie
The Derde Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛrdə diˈvizi]; English: Third Division), formerly known as Topklasse (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtɔpklɑsə]; English: Top Class), is the fourth tier of football in the Netherlands, which had its inaugural season as a third tier in 2010–11 and as a fourth tier in 2016–17. The league is placed between the Tweede Divisie and the Vierde Divisie (formerly Hoofdklasse), the third and fifth tiers of Dutch football, respectively. The introduction of the then Topklasse resulted from discussions between the Royal Dutch Football Association, the Coöperatie Eerste Divisie (the clubs in the Eerste Divisie) and the Centraal Overleg Hoofdklassers (the clubs in the Hoofdklasse).
FunHouse (pinball)
FunHouse is a pinball machine designed by Pat Lawlor and released in November 1990 by Williams Electronics. Starring a talking ventriloquist dummy named Rudy, the game is themed after the concept of an amusement park funhouse in Chicago. FunHouse is one of the last Williams games to use an alphanumeric display; the company switched to dot matrix the following year.

Ventriloquism
Ventriloquism is the performance art of speaking or producing sounds so that the voice appears to come from a source other than the performer, most often a puppet or "dummy." Ventriloquists create the illusion of a separate character by manipulating the puppet and producing distinct voices, often for comedy, storytelling, or theatrical entertainment. The technique requires precise vocal control and minimal lip movement. Ventriloquism has historical roots in ancient cultures and theater, and it continues to be practiced in live performances, television, and media worldwide.
Goolwa railway station
Goolwa railway station is a preserved railway station located in the river port of Goolwa, on the broad gauge Victor Harbor line, formerly operated by South Australian Railways and its successor, Australian National.

Goolwa, South Australia
Goolwa (/ˈɡʊlə/ GUUL-ə), known as The Elbow to early settlers, is a historic river port on the Murray River near the Murray Mouth in South Australia. Goolwa is approximately 85 km (53 mi) south of Adelaide, and is joined by a bridge to Hindmarsh Island.
Eau Galle (community), Dunn County, Wisconsin
Eau Galle is an unincorporated community located in the town of Eau Galle, in Dunn County, Wisconsin, United States. Eau Galle is 5 miles (8.0 km) northwest of Durand and has a post office with ZIP code 54737.

Durand, Wisconsin
Durand (/dəˈrænd/ də-RAND) is a city in and the county seat of Pepin County, Wisconsin, United States. Situated on the banks of the Chippewa River approximately 15 miles (24 km) from its confluence with the Mississippi River, the city borders the Town of Durand. The population was 1,854 at the 2020 census.
Vatya culture
The Vatya culture was an archaeological culture of the Early to Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1400 BC), located in the central Danube basin in Hungary. The culture developed from the Nagyrév culture with influences from the Kisapostag culture. It is primarily known for its fortified settlements, cremation burial sites, and bronze production. The Vatya culture was eventually succeeded by the Urnfield culture.

Százhalombatta-Földvár, situated along the Danube River in Hungary, was a significant fortified settlement of the Vatya culture, with occupation layers reaching up to 6 meters deep.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Towel warmer
A towel rails radiator or a heated towel rail is a feature designed to heat towels before using them. For many years, European hotels have used them as combined towel- dryers/racks. The towel warmer is a bathroom heater suitable for both drying and heating towels and the environment. There are two versions: traditional ones that are plumbed like a radiator with water heated from a central boiler, and electric ones where an electrical resistance heats water or oil contained in the unit. Towel rails are typically fitted by plumbers.

Electrical resistance heating
Electrical resistance heating (ERH) is an intensive in situ environmental remediation method that uses the flow of alternating current electricity to heat soil and groundwater and evaporate contaminants.  Electric current is passed through a targeted soil volume between subsurface electrode elements. The resistance to electrical flow that exists in the soil causes the formation of heat; resulting in an increase in temperature until the boiling point of water at depth is reached.  After reaching this temperature, further energy input causes a phase change, forming steam and removing volatile contaminants. ERH is typically more cost effective when used for treating contaminant source areas.