hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georgian rebellions against Ottoman and Persian rule
The Georgian rebellions against Ottoman/Persian rule were a series of uprisings, revolts, and resistance by Georgian kingdoms, principalities, nobles and populations in the 16th-18th centuries against domination by the Ottoman Empire and successor Persian dynasties (Safavid dynasty, Afsharid dynasty, and Qajar dynasty). Following the collapse of the unified Kingdom of Georgia in the late 15th century and the 1555 Treaty of Amasya that partitioned the region, eastern Georgia (primarily Kartli and Kakheti) fell under Persian rule while western Georgia (Imereti, Guria, Mingrelia) fell to the Ottomans. Georgian rulers frequently rebelled against forced conversion to Islam, heavy tributes and deportations, These revolts ranged from localized noble-led uprisings to coordinated efforts by kings like Teimuraz I of Kakheti, Simon I of Kartli, and later Heraclius II of Georgia.

Kakheti
Kakheti (/kəˈxɛti/; Georgian: კახეთი K’akheti [kʼaχetʰi]) is a region of Georgia. Telavi is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts: Telavi, Gurjaani, Qvareli, Sagarejo, Dedoplistsqaro, Signagi, Lagodekhi and Akhmeta.

Kakhetians speak the Kakhetian dialect of Georgian. Kakheti is one of the most significant wine producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of Georgian wines. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli, to the north and east by the Russian Federation, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetera, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery.

The Georgian David Gareji monastery complex is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities.
Ray Reidy
Raymond Reidy (1937 – 10 June 2015) was an Irish hurler who played as centre-back for the Tipperary senior team.

Born in Thurles, County Tipperary, Reidy first played competitive hurling during his schooling at Thurles CBS. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Tipperary minor team. He joined the senior panel during the 1956 championship. Reidy was a regular member of the team over the next few years and won one All-Ireland medal and one Munster medal as a non-playing substitute.

At club level Reidy was a two-time championship medallist with Thurles Sarsfields.

Reidy's retirement came following the conclusion of the 1960 championship.

In retirement from playing Reidy became involved in team management and coaching, serving as a selector with the Tipperary senior team.

Dean Ryan Cup
The Dean Ryan Cup is an annual inter-schools hurling competition organised by the Munster PPS division of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). Sometimes referred to throughout its history as the Munster Colleges Junior Hurling Championship or the Munster PPS Under-17 A Hurling Championship, it has been contested since 1936.

The final, typically held in November, serves as the culmination of a knockout series of games played between October and November. Eligible players must be under the age of 17.

As of 2025, 11 teams participate in the Dean Ryan Cup. The title has been won at least once by 19 different schools, 11 of which have won the title more than once. Thurles CBS are the all-time title record-holders at 14 times.

Midleton CBS were the 2024 champions, having beaten Gaelcholáiste Mhuire AG by 5-15 to 1-11 in the final.
D128 road
D128 is a state road on Žirje Island in Croatia connecting the town of Žirje to Žirje ferry port, from where Jadrolinija ferries fly to the mainland, docking in Šibenik and the D33 state road. The road is 3.8 km (2.4 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Hrvatske ceste
Hrvatske ceste (lit. 'Croatian roads') is a Croatian state-owned company pursuant to provisions of the Croatian Public Roads Act (Croatian: Zakon o javnim cestama) enacted by the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia.
The tasks of the company are defined by the Public Roads Act and its Founding Declaration, the principal task being the management, construction and maintenance of public roads. In practice, Hrvatske ceste is responsible for the state roads in Croatia (designated with D), while county (Ž) and local (L) roads are managed by county authorities and the motorways (A) are managed by Hrvatske autoceste and other concessionaires.
PJ and Thomas
PJ and Thomas is the media franchise of Timothy Paul Jasper "PJ" McKay (born 1986) and Thomas McKay (né Hamon; born 1991), an American couple who are Internet celebrities, YouTubers, television personalities, remodelers, and interior designers, best known for their YouTube channel as well as their renovation and interior design TV show Down to the Studs on HGTV.

In 2015, they launched the YouTube channel "PJ and Thomas", which focuses on their personal and professional lives, along with a website, Instagram and Twitter accounts, concerned with lifestyle and documenting the process of their remodeling and decorating projects.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
19th Street Gang
The 19th Street Gang was a New York City predominantly Irish street gang during the 1870s known as a particularly violent anti-Protestant gang.

The 19th Street Gang, made up mostly of young pickpockets, muggers, and sneak thieves, was led by a young man known as Little Mike. Operating around New York's 19th Street to 34th Street, known as "Poverty Lane", the gang mainly robbed defenseless victims, such as the elderly, as well as women and children; however, the gang was sometimes said to spare local Catholics, often asking victims to give their baptismal name, recite psalms, their local church, and other questions.

By the end of the 1880s, the gang had disappeared entirely.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
Pascha (Coptic Church)
In the Coptic Orthodox Church, Pascha (Coptic: ⲡⲁⲥⲭⲁ, Arabic: البصخة) refers to both the services held on Holy Week and the week itself, which commemorates the Passion and Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The Holy Pascha is the only time of the year when no liturgies are prayed (except on Sunday, Thursday and Saturday), and the Agpeya is not prayed. Instead, a Pascha is prayed every morning and evening. Moreover, the usually red altar veil is replaced with a black one, and black banners are hung around the church. Pascha services are always held in the nave of the church. and typically last 2–3 hours.

Only-begotten Son
Only-Begotten Son (Ancient Greek: Ὁ Μονογενὴς Υἱὸς, Russian: Единородный Сыне, Ukrainian: Єдинородний Сине, Old Armenian: Միածին Որդի), sometimes called "Justinian's Hymn", the "Anthem of Orthodoxy" and/or the "Hymn of the Incarnation", is an ancient Christian hymn that was composed prior to the middle of the 6th century. It is chanted at the end of the Second Antiphon during the Divine Liturgies of St John Chrysostom, St Basil the Great and of St Gregory the Illuminator (Armenian Divine Liturgy), and at the Little Entrance during the Liturgy of Saint James.
RAF Boulmer
Royal Air Force Boulmer or more simply RAF Boulmer /ˈbuːmər/ is a Royal Air Force station near Alnwick in Northumberland, England, and is home to the Air Command and Control Force, 19 Sqn - Control and Reporting Centre (CRC) Boulmer, 20 Sqn - Operational Conversion Unit (OCU) and 144 Signals Unit (SU).

The School of Aerospace Battle Management and support staff was based there until 26 July 2019; it has since moved to RAF Shawbury. Until 30 September 2015, it was also home to A Flight, No. 202 Squadron RAF, who flew the Westland Sea King HAR.3 in the SAR (Search and Rescue) role.

Control and Reporting Centre
A Control and Reporting Centre (CRC) is according to the Joint Chiefs of Staff publication 1.02 defined as: "A subordinated air control element of the tactical air control centre for which radar control and warning operations are conducted within its area of responsibility."

Control and Reporting Posts (CRP) & Reporting Posts (RP), which provide radar control and surveillance within their defined areas of responsibility, may operate under the control of a CRC.

NATO operates ACC Systems in static or deployable CRC's in order to provide Airspace Surveillance, to control Air Force Operations and to meet national and allied military commitments. In NATO Europe a CRC might be subordinated to a Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC) and / or to an equivalent national Air Operation Centre.
Group Portrait with Lady
Group Portrait with Lady (German: Gruppenbild mit Dame) can refer to:

Group Portrait with Lady (novel), a novel by Heinrich Böll

Group Portrait with Lady (film), a 1977 film based on the novel, directed by Aleksandar Petrović

Group Portrait with Lady (novel)
Group Portrait with Lady (German: Gruppenbild mit Dame) is a 1971 novel by Nobel Prize winning author Heinrich Böll. The novel is concerned with a woman named Leni Pfieffer (née Gruyten) who faces eviction from her apartment building in Cologne. It structured as a report compiled from interviews conducted by an unnamed author with Leni’s friends, family, employers, coworkers, and others, forming a detailed social portrait of life in Cologne from the 1910s to 1971. Like many of Böll's novels, there is a particular focus on representing the Nazi era from the perspective of ordinary people.

The Nobel Prize committee referred to Group Portrait with Lady as Böll’s "most grandly conceived work."

The novel was adapted into a film in 1977.
Draco sumatranus
Draco sumatranus, the common gliding lizard, is a species of agamid lizard endemic to Southeast Asia. It has elongated ribs and skin flaps on the sides of its body.  When opened, these skin flaps allow it to glide between tree trunks.

Agamidae
Agamidae is a family containing 582 species in 64 genera of iguanian lizards indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few locations in Southern Europe. Many species are commonly called dragons or dragon lizards.
Aleksey Lebed
Aleksey Ivanovich Lebed (Russian: Алексей Иванович Лебедь; 14 April 1955 – 27 April 2019) was a Russian politician and military officer who served as professional officer with the Soviet and Russian Airborne Forces, like his more prominent older brother, the late Alexander Lebed. After quitting military service in 1995 with the rank of colonel, he was elected chairman of the government of Khakassia Administrative Republic.  He came to the post in 1997, and was re-elected in 2000. Shortly after he came to power in 1997, the transmitter of the Sayansk television and radio company was cut off. Station chief Veniamin Striga said Lebed was responsible. In 2006 criminal charges were brought against Lebed related to claims of abuse of power. In 2009 Viktor Zimin took Lebed's position as the head of the government of Khakassia.

Aleksey Lebed died on 27 April 2019 in Moscow, at the age of 64. He is buried at the Khovanskoye Cemetery in Moscow next to his wife Elizaveta.

Soviet Airborne Forces
The Soviet Airborne Forces, or VDV (from Vozdushno-desantnye voyska SSSR, Russian: Воздушно-десантные войска СССР, ВДВ; Air-landing Forces), was a separate troops branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. First formed before the Second World War, the VDV undertook two significant airborne operations and a number of smaller jumps during the war and for many years after 1945 was the largest airborne force in the world. The force was split after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, with the core becoming the Russian Airborne Forces, losing divisions to Belarus and Ukraine.

Troops of the Soviet Airborne Forces traditionally wore a sky blue beret and blue-striped telnyashka undershirts and they were named desant (Russian: Десант) from the French Descente. The Soviet Airborne Forces were noted for their relatively large number of vehicles, specifically designed for airborne transport. As such, they traditionally had a larger complement of heavy weaponry than most contemporary airborne forces.
Citizens for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Citizens for Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (German: Bürger für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, BMV) was a regionalist political party in Germany based in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. They were founded from a split in the faction of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party in the state parliament. They had described themselves as a "conservative &  regional party" and had compared themselves to the Christian Social Union (CSU) in Bavaria. They had four members of the state parliament before merging into the Free Voters in December 2018, although by October 2019, two of the MPs had joined the Christian Democratic Union, while one had rejoined the AfD and one had decided to sit as an independent.

Free Voters
Free Voters (German: Freie Wähler, FW) is a political party in Germany. It originates as an umbrella organisation of several Free Voters Associations (Freie Wählergemeinschaften), associations of people which participate in an election without having the status of a registered party. These associations are usually locally-organised groups of voters in the form of a registered association (eV). In most cases, Free Voters campaign only at local government level, standing for city councils and for mayoralties. Free Voters tend to achieve their most successful electoral results in rural areas of southern Germany, appealing most to conservative voters who prefer local decisions to party politics. Free Voter groups are active in all of the states of Germany, except for Brandenburg, where the Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters is an equivalent party distinct from the Free Voters in cooperation with the Free Voters.
Richard Leach (physician)
Richard Mark Leach LVO is a British consultant physician and professor at Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS  Foundation Trust, who is accredited in general, respiratory and critical care medicine. He has pioneered multiple respiratory care techniques and been instrumental in the development of numerous NICE guidelines relating to acute medicine. It has been reported that he led the care of British prime minister Boris Johnson during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust is an NHS foundation trust of the English National Health Service, one of the prestigious Shelford Group.  It runs Guy's Hospital in London Bridge, St Thomas' Hospital in Waterloo, Evelina London Children's Hospital, two specialist heart and lung hospitals,  Royal Brompton and Harefield and community services in Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham.
Mark Li
Mark Li (Chinese: 李明星) is a Taiwanese politician. A member of the Kuomintang, he served in the Legislative Yuan from 2008 to 2012.

Li earned degrees from National Cheng Kung University and Claremont Graduate University. While studying in the United States, he obtained American citizenship.

Li was elected to the Legislative Yuan in 2008 via party list proportional representation.

Claremont Graduate University
The Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private postgraduate research university in Claremont, California, United States. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium which includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions of higher education.

The university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."
Abolition of serfdom in Livonia
Livonian Peasants' Laws were laws introduced in the 19th century for Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. Around the same time, similar laws were enacted in all Baltic governorates and Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. These laws changed and clarified peasants' rights and obligations, who ethnically were mainly Estonians and Latvians. This development culminated in Peasant Community Code of 1866 which codified peasants self-governance.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Milton Keynes Development Corporation
Milton Keynes Development Corporation (MKDC) was a development corporation operating from 1967 to 1992 to oversee the planning and early development of Milton Keynes, then a planned new town midway between London and Birmingham.  At designation, the area within the designated area was home to some 40,000 people in the existing towns and villages.

Development corporation
A development corporation or development firm is an organisation established by a government for the purpose of urban development. They often are responsible for the development of new suburban areas or the redevelopment of existing ones.
Miss Ukraine 2016
Miss Ukraine 2016, the 26th edition of the Miss Ukraine pageant was held at the October Palace in Kyiv on 2 September 2016. Twenty-five contestants from across Ukraine competed for the crown. The competition was hosted by Yuriy Horbunov and Kateryna Osadcha. Khrystyna Stoloka of Kyiv crowned her successor Oleksandra Kucherenko of Dnipro at the end of the event. Kucherenko represented Ukraine at the Miss World 2016 pageant where she unplaced.

Kateryna Osadcha
Kateryna Osadcha (Ukrainian: Катерина Осадча; born 12 September 1983) is a Ukrainian journalist, host of the programs "Social Life", "The Voice of Ukraine" (1–3, 6–8 seasons) and "The Voice Kids" on the TV channel "1+1".
Gel-e Shur
Gel-e Shur (Persian: گل شور, also Romanized as Gel-e Shūr; also known as Galū Shūr, Geleh Shūr, and Goleh Shūr) is a village in Miankuh Rural District, Miankuh District, Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 173, in 34 families.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
24 cm K L/35
The 24 cm K L/35 was a German naval gun developed in the years before World War I that armed ships of the Imperial German Navy, Argentine Navy and the Austro-Hungarian Navy.  Guns removed from ships of the Imperial German Navy were modified to perform Coastal Artillery and Railway Artillery roles and saw service in both world wars.

Argentine Navy
The Argentine Navy (ARA; Spanish: Armada de la República Argentina) is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force.

The Argentine Navy day is celebrated on May 17, anniversary of the victory in 1814 at the Battle of Montevideo over the Spanish fleet during the war of Independence.
Jack Hogan
Richard Roland Benson Jr. (November 24, 1929 – December 6, 2023), known professionally as Jack Hogan, was an American actor most notable for the role of PFC William G. Kirby on the 1960s television show Combat!

Combat!
Combat! is an American television drama that originally aired on ABC from 1962 until 1967. The exclamation point in Combat! was depicted on-screen as a stylized bayonet.  The show covered the grim lives of a squad of American soldiers fighting the Germans in France during World War II. The first-season episode "A Day in June" shows D-Day as a flashback, hence the action occurs during and after June 1944. The program starred Rick Jason as platoon leader Second Lieutenant Gil Hanley and Vic Morrow as Sergeant "Chip" Saunders. Jason and Morrow would play the lead in alternating episodes in Combat!.
2014 Coupe Banque Nationale
The 2014 Coupe Banque Nationale was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 22nd edition of the Tournoi de Québec and the first with National Bank of Canada as the main sponsor, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place at the PEPS de l'Université Laval in Quebec City, Canada, from September 8 through September 14, 2014.

National Bank of Canada
The National Bank of Canada (French: Banque Nationale du Canada) is the sixth largest commercial bank in Canada. It is headquartered in Montreal, and has branches in most Canadian provinces and 2.4 million personal clients. National Bank is the largest bank in Quebec, and the second largest financial institution in the province after Desjardins. National Bank's Institution Number is 006 and its SWIFT code is BNDCCAMMINT.
Thulaim Palace
Thulaim Palace (Arabic: قصر ثليم) or Thulaim Guesthouse (Arabic: مضيف ثليم), is a double-storey multipurpose historic building in the easternmost extreme of al-Futah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located next to the Batʼha Commercial Center. It once served as one of the quarantine facilities for treating patients during the smallpox epidemic of the 1940s. Built between 1936 and 1939 by King Abdulaziz ibn Saud on a farm with the same name situated on the edge of Wadi al-Batha in the northeastern fringes of the old city walls, it overlooks the eponymous neighborhood of Thulaim which itself got named after the compound.

Al Fouta
Al-Fouta (Arabic: الفوطة), alternatively transliterated as al-Futa, is a neighborhood in central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located south of al-Murabba and north of al-Dirah in the sub-municipality of al-Malaz. It emerged in the 1940s following the construction of the Red Palace for then Saudi crown prince Saud bin Abdulaziz and al-Futa Palaces. It popularly hosts the Riyadh Water Tower, one of the notable landmarks in the city as well as the rest of the southern portion of the King Abdulaziz Historical Center, including the eponymous al-Fouta Park. As the neighborhood is bounded by al-Batʼha Street to the east, its eastern strip partially forms part of the al-Batʼha commercial area.

The neighborhood is unofficially divided into two sections, Fouta East (Arabic: الفوطة الشرقية) and Fouta West (Arabic: الفوطة الغربية).