hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foxboro, Ontario
Foxboro is a community located in southern Ontario, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the centre of Belleville.  It is just east of Highway 62 linking Belleville with Bancroft, and it has also direct road connections to and from Frankford, Stirling, and Plainfield via Mudcat Road.  The Moira River runs just east of the community.  The village of Foxboro is a part of the City of Belleville and the Mayor is Neil Ellis.

Bancroft, Ontario
Bancroft (/ˈbæŋkrɒft/) is a town located on the York River in Hastings County in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was first settled in the 1850s by descendants of the United Empire Loyalists and Irish immigrants. From the mid-1950s to about 1982, mining was the primary industry. A village until 1999, Bancroft then merged with Dungannon Township to form the Town of Bancroft. The population at the time of the 2021 Census was 4,065; the regional population is 60,000. There are 150,000 visitors to Bancroft, annually.
USS Aylwin (FF-1081)
USS Aylwin (FF-1081) was a United States Navy Knox-class frigate. She was the fourth vessel named for John Cushing Aylwin. Aylwin was laid down on 13 November 1969 at Westwego, La., by the Avondale Shipyard, Inc.; launched on 29 August 1970; sponsored by Mrs. Charles K. Duncan; and commissioned on 18 September 1971 at the Boston Naval Shipyard.

Boston Harbor
Boston Harbor is a natural harbor and estuary of Massachusetts Bay, located adjacent to Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the Northeastern United States.

The harbor was the site of the Boston Tea Party, a major 1773 event in the American Revolution.
Philip Green Wright
Philip Green Wright (October 3, 1861 – September 4, 1934) was an American economist who in 1928 first proposed the use of instrumental variables estimation as the earliest known solution to the identification problem in econometrics. In a book review published in 1915 he wrote one of the first explanations of the identification problem. His primary topic of applied research was tariff policy, and he wrote several books on the topic. He also wrote poetry, was a mentor to the poet and author Carl Sandburg, and published some of Sandburg's earliest works. Wright was the father of geneticist Sewall Wright.

Parameter identification problem
In economics and econometrics, the parameter identification problem arises when the value of one or more parameters in an economic model cannot be determined from observable variables. It is closely related to non-identifiability in statistics and econometrics, which occurs when a statistical model has more than one set of parameters that generate the same distribution of observations, meaning that multiple parameterizations are observationally equivalent.

For example, this problem can occur in the estimation of multiple-equation econometric models where the equations have variables in common.
Govett-Brewster Art Gallery
The Govett-Brewster Art Gallery is a contemporary art museum at New Plymouth, Taranaki, New Zealand. The gallery receives core funding from the New Plymouth District Council. Govett-Brewster is recognised internationally for contemporary art.

Wystan Curnow
Wystan Tremayne Le Cren Curnow CNZM (born 1939) is a New Zealand art critic, poet, academic, arts administrator, and independent curator. He is the son of Elizabeth Curnow, a painter and printmaker, and poet Allen Curnow.
Cephaloticoccus capnophilus
Cephaloticoccus capnophilus  is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cephaloticoccus which has been isolated from the gut of the ant Cephalotes varians from the Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Florida in the United States.

Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge
The Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge is part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge System, located in north Key Largo, less than 40 miles (64 km) south of Miami off SR 905 (Card Sound Road). The 6,686 acres (2,706 ha) refuge (located in Monroe County, Florida) opened during the year of 1980, under the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 and the Endangered Species Act of 1973. It was established in order to protect critical breeding and nesting habitat for the threatened American crocodile and other wildlife. This area also includes 650 acres (260 ha) of open water in and around the refuge. In addition to being one of only three breeding populations of the American crocodile, the refuge is home to tropical hardwood hammock, mangrove forest, and salt marsh. It is administered as part of the National Key Deer Refuge which is also located in the Florida Keys.
Dominik Leder
Dominik Leder (born 4 October 1964) was a Swiss footballer who played in the 1980s. He played as goalkeeper.

Leder played his youth football with Concordia Basel and advanced to their first team during the 1983–84 season to the 1st League, the third tier of Swiss football.

Leder joined FC Basel's first team for their 1984–85 season under head-coach Ernst August Künnecke and Emil Müller. During his first two seasons with Basel Leder played only in test games. He played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game in the St. Jakob Stadium on 23 May 1987 as Basel were beaten 2–4 by Luzern.

Between the years 1984 and 1987 Leder played a total of 17 games for Basel. Four of these games were in the Nationalliga A and 13 were friendly games.

FC Luzern
Fussball-Club Luzern (German pronunciation: [ɛf ˈt͡seː luˈtsɛrn]), or simply abbreviated to FCL, is a Swiss sports club based in Lucerne (German: Luzern). It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Super League, the top tier of the Swiss football league system, and has won the national title once and the national cup three times.

The club colours are blue and white, derived from the City of Lucerne and Canton of Lucerne coats of arms. The club plays its home games at Swissporarena which was newly built in 2011 at the place of the old Stadion Allmend.

FC Luzern was founded in 1901. It has non-professional departments for women's football, volleyball, boccia and gymnastics.
Brian Brendell
Brian Brendell (born 7 September 1986, in Rehoboth) is a Namibian football midfielder with FC Civics of the Namibia Premier League. A  member of the Namibia national football team, he competed with the team at the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations.

Bucks Buccaneers FC
Bucks Buccaneers Football Club is a Namibian football club based in Windhoek. Until January 2025 the club have had the name  Civics Football Club. Bucks Buccaneers FC play in the highest division of Namibian football, the Namibia Premier League. The club has its home in Khomasdal, in the north of the Namibian capital Windhoek.

They play their home games at Sam Nujoma Stadium in Katutura, Windhoek.
Takeo Wada
Takeo Wada (Japanese: 和田健雄, Hepburn: Wada Takeo, 1882–1944) was a Japanese mathematician at Kyoto University working in analysis and topology. He suggested the Lakes of Wada to Kunizo Yoneyama, who wrote about them and named them after Wada.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Luke Webb (cricketer)
Luke Alexander Webb (born 31 December 1995) is an English first-class cricketer.

Webb was born at Stoke Mandeville in Buckinghamshire in December 1995, and educated at Gillingham School. He made his debut in minor counties cricket for Dorset, when he played against Shropshire in the Minor Counties Championship. He later studied at Oxford Brookes University, where he made his debut in first-class cricket in April 2015 for Oxford MCCU against Worcestershire; he played a further first-class match later that month against Middlesex. Webb didn't feature for Oxford MCCU in first-class cricket in 2016 or 2017, but did feature in 2018, playing in one match against Kent at Canterbury. Across his three first-class appearances, he scored a total of 68 runs, with a high score of 32. He has featured in all three formats of minor counties cricket for Dorset.

St Lawrence Ground
The St Lawrence Ground is a cricket ground in Canterbury, Kent. It is the home ground of Kent County Cricket Club and since 2013 has been known as The Spitfire Ground, St Lawrence, due to commercial sponsorship. It is one of the oldest grounds on which first-class cricket is played, having been in use since 1847, and is the venue for Canterbury Cricket Week, the oldest cricket festival in the world. It is one of the two grounds used regularly for first-class cricket that have had a tree, the St Lawrence Lime, within the boundary.

Capacity at the ground was increased to 15,000 in 2000, and four One Day International matches have been played there, one each in 1999 (part of the 1999 Cricket World Cup), 2000, 2003 and 2005. The ground was the venue for the first day/night County Championship match, played as a trial in September 2011.
Restorative Yoga
Restorative Yoga is the practice of asanas, each held for longer than in conventional yoga as exercise classes, often with the support of props such as folded blankets, to relax the body, reduce stress, and often to prepare for pranayama. The practice was foreshadowed by Iyengar Yoga's use of props in its deliberate style of asana practice.

Pranayama
Pranayama (Sanskrit: प्राणायाम, "Prāṇāyāma") is the yogic practice of controlling the breath in Hinduism. It is described in Hindu texts such as the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita; in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, it is one of the eight limbs of yoga. In classical yoga, the breath is associated with the life energy or prana. Later, in Hatha yoga texts, it meant the complete suspension of breathing. The pranayama practices in modern yoga as exercise differ from those of the Hatha yoga tradition, often using the breath in synchrony with movements.
Sovinja Peč
Sovinja Peč (pronounced [sɔˈʋiːnja ˈpeːtʃ], in older sources also Sovina Peč and Savinja Peč, German: Sawinapetsch) is a small dispersed settlement in the hills immediately south of the Črnivec Pass in the Municipality of Kamnik in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Johannes Gigas
Johannes Gigas (22 February 1514 – 12 July 1581) was a German Protestant theologian, hymn writer, educator and Reformer. Gigas was born in Nordhausen, Thuringia, and died in Schweidnitz (now Świdnica, Silesia, Poland).

The libretto of Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost, BWV 114, a chorale cantata by  Johann Sebastian Bach, was based on "Ach lieben Christen seid getrost", a hymn text by Gigas.

Protestant Reformers
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.

Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.
The Zink Block
The Zink Block is a historic commercial building located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York. It was built in 1896 for William T. Zink for his furniture sales and repair store. It is a five-story, brick building with a flat roof and Italian Renaissance Revival detailing. It sits on a stone foundation. The seven bay front facade features two stacked tripartite bay window units on the second through fourth floors.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Grigory Lishin
Grigory Andreevich Lishin (Лишин, Григорий Андреевич St Petersburg, 23 April 1854 - 15 June 1888) was a poet, theatre critic and composer from the Russian Empire. He composed two operas after texts of Pushkin: Graf Nulin (after Count Nulin) and Tsigane (after The Gypsies), but was mainly known for his songs.

The Gypsies (poem)
The Gypsies (Russian: Цыга́ны, romanized: Tsygany) is a narrative poem in 569 lines by Alexander Pushkin, originally written in Russian in 1824 and first fully published in 1827. The last of Pushkin's four 'Southern Poems' written during his exile in the south of the Russian Empire, The Gypsies is also considered to be the most mature of these Southern poems, and has been praised for originality and its engagement with psychological and moral issues. The poem has inspired at least eighteen operas and several ballets.
J. Lancaster & Son
J. Lancaster & Son was a photographic company, formed in Birmingham, England, in 1835 when James Lancaster started an optical firm for the manufacture of glasses, microscopes, and telescopes.

The company was an optician and camera maker, based in Irving Street, Birmingham. It was one of the world's major camera makers in 1898. It made wooden view cameras, among them several cameras for smaller plate formats. Lancaster made its own lenses and had patents for shutters. Other products were magic lanterns and photographic enlargers.

Magic lantern
The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image projector that uses pictures—paintings, prints, or photographs—on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. Because a single lens inverts an image projected through it (as in the phenomenon which inverts the image of a camera obscura), slides are inserted upside down in the magic lantern, rendering the projected image correctly oriented.

It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes. It was increasingly used for education during the 19th century. Since the late 19th century, smaller versions were also mass-produced as toys. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th century until the mid-20th century when it was superseded by a compact version that could hold many 35 mm photographic slides: the slide projector.
Kmicic
Kmicic is a Polish noble patronymic surname literally meaning "descendant of Kmita". A variant of the surname is Kmitycz.

The Kmicic family, of the Radzic II coat of arms, came from Orsza and was of no particular note.

Notable people with the surname include:

Andrzej Kmicic, fictional character created by Henryk Sienkiewicz featured in the novel The Deluge

Samuel Kmicic, a nobleman from Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Orsha
Orsha (Belarusian: Орша; Russian: Орша, IPA: [ˈorʂə]; Polish: Orsza) is a city in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the fork of the Dnieper River and Arshytsa River, and it serves as the administrative center of Orsha District. As of 2025, it has a population of 101,662.
Mellite
Mellite, also called honeystone, is an unusual mineral being also an organic chemical. It is chemically identified as an aluminium salt of mellitic acid, and specifically as aluminium benzenehexacarboxylate hexadecahydrate, with the chemical formula Al2C6(COO)6·16H2O.

It is a translucent honey-coloured crystal which can be polished and faceted to form striking gemstones. It crystallizes in the tetragonal system and occurs both in good crystals and as formless masses. It is soft with a Mohs hardness of 2 to 2.5 and has a low specific gravity of 1.6.

It was discovered originally in 1789 at Artern in Thuringia, Germany. It has subsequently also been found in Russia, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. It was named from the Greek μέλι meli "honey", in allusion to its color.

It is found associated with lignite and is assumed to be formed from plant material with aluminium derived from clay.

Facet
Facets (/ˈfæsɪt/) are flat faces on geometric shapes. The organization of naturally occurring facets was key to early developments in crystallography, since they reflect the underlying symmetry of the crystal structure.  Gemstones commonly have facets cut into them in order to improve their appearance by allowing them to reflect light. The earliest diamond cutting techniques were simply to polish the natural shape of rough diamonds, often octahedral crystals. It wasn't until the 14th century that faceting, the process of cutting and polishing a gemstone to create multiple flat surfaces or facets, was first developed in Europe.
2010 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell
The 2010 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell (also known as the Torneo Godó) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 58th edition of the event known this year as the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell, and was part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2010 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, from April 19 through April 25, 2010.

Defending champion Rafael Nadal withdrew from the tournament this year citing fatigue.

The event also featured a seniors' tournament that was part of the ATP Champions Tour, which was held from April 16 to 18. Goran Ivanišević won the title.

Barcelona Open (tennis)
The Barcelona Open (currently sponsored by Banc Sabadell) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players. The event was founded in 1953 as a combined men's and women's tournament until 1980. It is played at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain on clay courts. The event is commonly known as Trofeo Conde de Godó (English: Count of Godó Trophy).
Steilacoom High School
Steilacoom High School (or SHS) is a public high school in Steilacoom, Washington, United States and is part of the Steilacoom Historical School District. It is the oldest, and to date the only, high school in the school district. Prior to its establishment, students attended grades 9–12 in the neighboring Tacoma School District and Clover Park School District. SHS was established in 1981 for grades 9 and 10, with grades 11 and 12 starting in the following two years.  The facility underwent a $23 million modernization and expansion in 2007–09.

Communities in the district include: Steilacoom, Anderson Island, DuPont, and portions of Lakewood and University Place.

University Place, Washington
University Place is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States. Its population was 34,866 at the 2020 census. University Place received its name in the 1800s when the University of Puget Sound, a private liberal-arts college in North Tacoma, purchased land along the primary north–south route of Grandview Drive.

Based on per capita income, University Place ranks 81st of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked.
Anything but Ordinary
Anything but Ordinary is the eleventh album by R&B singer Patrice Rushen, released on November 1, 1994. After her contract with Elektra Records expired in 1986–87, Rushen moved to Arista Records and afterwards in 1993, Patrice signed with Disney's Hollywood Records. Anything but Ordinary was first and only album to be released under her contract. Hollywood Records wasn't satisfied with the album and shelved it. Sin-Drome Records bought rights to the album and reissued it with the single "My Heart, Your Heart". Some of the album's tracks received airplay on R&B and smooth jazz radio stations.

The album was not as successful as her previous works, but songs such as "My Heart, Your Heart," "I Do" (which included a tongue-in-cheek sample of Rushen's hit "Forget Me Nots"), and "Tell Me" made the album a favorite. Sheena Easton provides background vocals on "I Only Think of You".

Patrice Rushen
Patrice Louise Rushen (born September 30, 1954) is an American jazz pianist, R&B singer, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and music director.

At the 25th Annual Grammy Awards, her 1982 single, "Forget Me Nots", received a nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance, while her instrumental song, "Number One" was nominated Best R&B Instrumental; both songs were from her seventh studio album, Straight from the Heart (1982).

Since 2008, Rushen has served as an ambassador for artistry in education at the Berklee College of Music, and the chair of the popular music program at the USC Thornton School of Music from 2014 to 2024.
Urtatau
Urtatau (Russian: Уртатау; Bashkir: Уртатау, Urtataw) is a rural locality (a village) in Sergiopolsky Selsoviet, Davlekanovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 67 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Davlekanovsky District
Davlekanovsky District (Russian: Давлека́новский райо́н; Bashkir: Дәүләкән районы, Däwläkän rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders with Blagovarsky and Chishminsky Districts in the north, Karmaskalinsky District in the northeast, Aurgazinsky District in the east, Alsheyevsky District in the south, Belebeyevsky District in the west, and with Buzdyaksky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,907 square kilometers (736 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Davlekanovo (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 18,392.