hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dallas Gaume
Dallas Gaume (born August 27, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played in four NHL games for the Hartford Whalers during the 1988–89 season. Gaume later spent nine seasons playing in Norway with the Trondheim IK before retiring in 1999. He subsequently took up a coaching role with the major junior Red Deer Rebels before working as a scout for the team.

Gaume was born in Innisfail, Alberta. He spent four seasons in the University of Denver, leading the team with 99 points in his final year as a first team all-American. He remains Denver's all-time leading scorer with 266 career points. He signed with the Hartford Whalers as a free agent and assigned to the AHL's Binghamton Whalers where he spent four seasons. He played four regular season games for Hartford in the 1988-89 NHL season, scoring a goal and an assist.

In 1990, Gaume moved to the Norwegian Eliteserien with Trondheim IK and remained there until his retirement in 1999.

EliteHockey Ligaen
EliteHockey Ligaen (EHL) is the premier Norwegian ice hockey league, organised by the Norwegian Ice Hockey Association. It comprises 10 clubs and works on the premise of promotion and relegation, in which the two teams who placed last must play the top two teams from First Division (the league ranked immediately below) for the rights to play in the next Eliteserie season.

Teams from the EHL can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL), competing for the European Trophy. Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the European/Asian Kontinental Hockey League). Going into the 2022–23 CHL season, the EHL was ranked 11th among leagues in Europe, allowing them to send their top team to compete in the CHL.
Lepanthes calodictyon
Lepanthes calodictyon is a small epiphytic orchid native to the montane forest of Ecuador and Colombia, commonly found at elevations ranging from 450 to 1,500 metres (1,480 to 4,920 ft). This orchid practices pseudocopulation, with the flower resembling a female insect to the extent of initially fooling entomologists) the flower grows out of the leaf. The leaves have a checkerboard pattern of two shades of green on the upper surface, and red stripes on white underneath.

Pseudocopulation
Pseudocopulation is a behavior similar to copulation that serves a reproductive function for one or both participants but does not involve actual sexual union between the individuals. It is most generally applied to a pollinator attempting to copulate with a flower adapted to mimic a potential female mate. The resemblance may be visual, but the key stimuli are often chemical and tactile. The form of mimicry in plants that deceives an insect into pseudocopulation is called Pouyannian mimicry after the French lawyer and amateur botanist Maurice-Alexandre Pouyanne.

A non-mimetic form of pseudocopulation has been observed in some parthenogenetic, all-female species of lizard. The behaviour does not appear to be necessary to trigger parthenogenesis.
Ufology
Ufology, sometimes written UFOlogy (US: /juːˈfɑːlədʒi/ or UK: /juːˈfɒlədʒi/), is the investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) by people who believe that they may be of extraordinary origins (most frequently of extraterrestrial alien visitors). While there are instances of government, private, and fringe science investigations of UFOs, ufology is generally regarded by skeptics and science educators as an example of pseudoscience.

GEIPAN
GEIPAN (an acronym in French for Groupe d'Études et d'Informations sur les Phénomènes Aérospatiaux Non-identifiés, or Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena Research and Information Group) (/ɡaɪˈpɑːn/) is a unit of the French space agency CNES based in Toulouse, whose mission is to investigate unidentified aerospace phenomena (UAP) and make its findings available to the public.
Peshawar Brigade
The Peshawar Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in December 1907, for service on the North West Frontier. During World War II it was normal practice for newly formed battalions to be posted to the North West Frontier for service before being sent to Africa, Burma or Italy.

2nd Punjab Regiment
The 2nd Punjab Regiment was a British Indian Army regiment from 1922 to the partition of India in 1947.

The regiment was formed by the amalgamation of other regiments:

1st Battalion, from the 67th Punjabis, formerly the 7th Regiment of Madras Native Infantry

2nd Battalion, from the 69th Punjabis

3rd Battalion, from the 72nd Punjabis

4th Battalion, from the 74th Punjabis

5th Battalion, from the 87th Punjabis

10th (Training) Battalion, formed by redesignation of 2nd Bn, 67th Punjabis
Norbert Verweyen
Norbert Verweyen (born 8 October 1950) is a German former swimmer. He competed in the men's 200 metre backstroke at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

As of 2009, Verweyen headed a legal estate company on the island of Ko Samui.

Ko Samui
Ko Samui or Koh Samui (Thai: เกาะสมุย, pronounced [kɔ̀ʔ sāmǔj]), often locally shortened to Samui, is an island off the east coast of Thailand. Geographically in the Chumphon Archipelago, it is part of Surat Thani Province, though as of 2012, Ko Samui was granted municipal status and thus is now locally self-governing. Ko Samui, with an area of 228.7 square kilometres (88.3 sq mi), is Thailand's second largest island after Phuket. In 2018, it was visited by 2.7 million tourists.
1888 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1888 include  bare-headed laughingthrush, Bolivian warbling finch, Borneo thrush, Damara red-billed hornbill, emperor bird-of-paradise, friendly bush warbler, Golden-backed weaver, Herald petrel, Jankowski's bunting, Palawan flycatcher, Somali bunting, Whitehead's broadbill,

Damara red-billed hornbill
The Damara red-billed hornbill (Tockus damarensis) is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is found in southwest Angola and northern Namibia. All five red-billed hornbills were formerly considered conspecific.
Arkansas Correctional School District
Arkansas Correctional School District, also known as the Arkansas Correctional School (ACS), and previously the Arkansas Department of Correction School District (ADCSD), is the education system that serves the Arkansas Department of Corrections (ADC) prisons and the Arkansas Department of Community Corrections (DCC) facilities. The district opened in 1973 when Act 279 was passed by the Arkansas General Assembly. The agency has its headquarters within the Pine Bluff Complex in Pine Bluff.

Since the beginning of the 1997–98 school year, ADC inmates without a high school diploma who have not passed their GED high-school equivalency exam have been required to take ACS classes.

Arkansas General Assembly
The General Assembly of Arkansas is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house Arkansas Senate with 35 members, and the lower Arkansas House of Representatives with 100 members. All 135 representatives and state senators represent an equal number of constituent districts.

The General Assembly convenes on the second Monday of every year. In odd-numbered years it may consider any bill or resolution; in even-numbered years it may only consider appropriations bills. A session lasts for 60 days unless the legislature votes to extend it. The governor of Arkansas can issue a "call" for a special session during the interims between regular sessions. The General Assembly meets at the Arkansas State Capitol in Little Rock.
Eastern Shore of Virginia Rail Trail
The Eastern Shore of Virginia Rail Trail is a dedicated, paved bicycle and pedestrian rail trail currently under construction on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. When completed, it will cross Northampton and Accomack Counties, running 49.1 miles (79.0 km) from Cape Charles to Hallwood along the right of way of the abandoned Bay Coast Railroad.

Construction on the first 3.5 miles of the trail, running from downtown Cape Charles to U.S. Route 13 and Cheriton, began in April 2025 and is expected to complete by Fall 2026.

Rail trail
A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed; in addition, rails with trails share the rail corridor with active railways, light rail or with disused track. As shared-use paths, rail trails are primarily for non-motorised traffic including pedestrians, bicycles, horseback riders, skaters and cross-country skiers, although snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles may be allowed. The characteristics of abandoned railways lend themselves to rail trails and account for their popularity; these include gentle grades, well-engineered rights of way and structures (bridges and tunnels), and passage through historical areas. Many rail trails are long-distance trails, while some shorter rail trails are known as greenways or linear parks.
2022 Idaho Vandals football team
The 2022 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the Big Sky Conference during the 2022 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by first-year head coach Jason Eck, the Vandals were 7–4 in the regular season (6–2 in Big Sky, third) and played their home games on campus at the Kibbie Dome in Moscow, Idaho. It was the program's first winning season in six years.

Idaho defeated rival Montana for the first time since 1999 and made their twelfth appearance in the FCS playoffs, the first since 1995 (the program was in FBS from 1996 through 2017).

Hired in December 2021, Eck was previously the offensive coordinator at South Dakota State; earlier, he was an assistant coach at Idaho for three seasons (2004–06).

2004 Idaho Vandals football team
The 2004 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho during the 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season. Idaho competed as a member of the Sun Belt Conference, and played their home games in the Kibbie Dome, an indoor facility on campus in Moscow, Idaho. Led by first-year head coach Nick Holt, the Vandals finished at 3–9 (2–5 in Sun Belt, last).

Holt was previously the linebackers coach at USC and an Idaho assistant coach for eight seasons in the 1990s.
Stejaru, Tulcea
Stejaru is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Mina Altân Tepe, Stejaru (historical names: Eschibaba, Karapelit), and Vasile Alecsandri.

The commune is located in the south-central part of the county, 53 km (33 mi) south of the county seat, Tulcea, and 95 km (59 mi) north of Constanța, the largest port on the Black Sea.

In Stejaru there is the most compact Aromanian community of Romania. The Aromanian language is taught in the schools of the commune.

The Altân Tepe copper mine is situated on the territory of the commune; after operating for 105 years, the mine was closed in 2003 due to non-profitability.

Stadionul Săgeata is a multi-purpose stadium in Stejaru; built in 1960, this is the home ground of the football club Săgeata Stejaru.

Northern Dobruja
Northern Dobruja (Romanian: Dobrogea de Nord or simply Dobrogea; Bulgarian: Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria.
WVHS
W-VHS is a high-definition analog videotape format.

WVHS as a four letter acronym may also stand for a number of different high schools:

Walker Valley High School in Tennessee

Warwick Valley High School in Warwick, New York

Waubonsie Valley High School in Aurora, Illinois

West Valley High School in Fairbanks, Alaska

West Valley High School in Cottonwood, California

West Valley High School in Hemet, California

West Valley High School in Yakima, Washington

Wilsonville High School in Wilsonville, Oregon

Wyalusing Valley Junior-Senior High School in Wyalusing, Pennsylvania

Westview High School (San Diego) in San Diego, California

West Valley High School (Yakima, Washington)
West Valley High School is a public secondary school in Yakima, Washington, United States, in the West Valley School District.  The school enrolls approximately 1,500 students and services grades 9-12.
Listed buildings in Coton in the Elms
Coton in the Elms is a civil parish in the South Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains three listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Coton in the Elms and the surrounding area, and the listed buildings consist of a house, a farmhouse, and a church.

South Derbyshire
South Derbyshire is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The district covers the towns of Melbourne and Swadlincote as well as numerous villages and hamlets such as Hilton, Hatton, Etwall, Aston-on-Trent, Repton, Weston-on-Trent and Willington. About a third of the National Forest lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Derbyshire Dales, Amber Valley, Derby, Erewash, North West Leicestershire, Lichfield and East Staffordshire.
Richard H. Stockbridge
Richard H. Stockbridge is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.  His contributions to research primarily involve stochastic control theory, optimal stopping and mathematical finance.  Most notably, alongside Professors Thomas G. Kurtz, Kurt Helmes, and Chao Zhu, he developed the methodology of using linear programming to solve stochastic control problems.

Optimal stopping
In mathematics, the theory of optimal stopping or early stopping is concerned with the problem of choosing a time to take a particular action, in order to maximise an expected reward or minimise an expected cost. Optimal stopping problems can be found in areas of statistics, economics, and mathematical finance (related to the pricing of American options). A key example of an optimal stopping problem is the secretary problem. Optimal stopping problems can often be written in the form of a Bellman equation, and are therefore often solved using dynamic programming.
Hypopyon
Hypopyon is a medical condition involving inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye.

It is an exudate rich in white blood cells, seen in the anterior chamber, usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera. It is a sign of inflammation of the anterior uvea and iris, i.e. iritis, which is a form of anterior uveitis. The exudate settles at the dependent aspect of the eye due to gravity. It can be sterile (in bacterial corneal ulcer) or not sterile (fungal corneal ulcer).

Uvea
The uvea (/ˈjuːviə/; derived from Latin: uva meaning "grape"), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, vascular tunic or vascular layer, is the pigmented middle layer of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, precisely between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.
AXIS (comics)
"AXIS" (also known as "Avengers & X-Men: AXIS") is a 2014 crossover comic book storyline published by Marvel Comics. Written by Rick Remender, the story involves an initial team-up between the Avengers, X-Men, and a group of villains against Red Skull, who managed to harness the powers of Onslaught and the recently deceased Professor Xavier. As the team rapidly begins losing the battle, Scarlet Witch and Doctor Doom cast a powerful inversion spell, which mistakenly reverses the morality of everyone present at the battle, leading to further conflict between the now villainous heroes and heroic villains. Prior to the release of AXIS, tie-ins entitled "March to AXIS" set up the storyline in the September issues of Captain America, Loki: Agent of Asgard, Magneto and Uncanny Avengers. Despite the excitement leading up to the series' release, it received mixed reviews from fans and critics.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Battle of Hazir
The Battle of Hazir or Ma'arakah al-Haadhir (Arabic: معركة الحاضر) took place between the Byzantine army and the Rashidun army's elite cavalry, the Mobile guard. It took place in June 637, three miles east of Qinnasrin at Al-Hadher in present-day Syria.

Qinnasrin
Qinnašrīn (Arabic: قنشرين, romanized: Qinnašrīn; Syriac: ܩܢܫܪܝܢ, romanized: Qennešrin, lit. 'Nest of Eagles'; Latin: Chalcis ad Belum; Ancient Greek: Χαλκὶς, romanized: Khalkìs) was a historical town in northern Syria. The town was situated 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Aleppo on the west bank of the Queiq (historically, the Belus) and was connected to Aleppo with a major road during Roman times.

Some scholars propose that the ruins of Qinnašrīn are located at al-Hadher to the east of the Queiq River, while Chalcis' location was at the modern Syrian village of Al-Iss, Aleppo Governorate to the west of the river. Others think that Qinnasrin has always been located at al-Iss from the Hellenistic to the Ayyubid period.
Amity, Madison County, Ohio
Amity is an unincorporated community in northeastern Canaan Township, Madison County, Ohio, United States. It is located at the intersection of Plain City-Georgesville Road and Amity Pike Road, between Plain City and West Jefferson.

West Jefferson, Ohio
West Jefferson (established 1833) is a village in Madison County, Ohio, United States.  The population was 4,137 at the 2020 census.  Located along U.S. Route 40, the village has a fairly close relationship with the surrounding township, which include various out-of-corporation-limit neighborhoods (including Haymarket Road, Olmstead Road, Forrest Lake Estates, Goodson Road/Enchanted Valley, West Point/Lake Darby, Gillivan, and North and South Road).
A. H. F. Lefroy
Augustus Henry Frazer Lefroy (21 June 1852 – 7 March 1919) was a Canadian legal scholar.

Augustus Henry Frazer Lefroy was born on 21 June 1852 in Toronto, then in Canada West. He attended Rugby School and New College, Oxford, receiving an honours BA in 1875 and a MA in 1880.

Lefroy was called to the bars of England and Ontario in 1877 and 1878, respectively. He became a professor of law at the University of Toronto in 1900. He wrote four texts on Canadian constitutional law, published between 1897 and 1920. Lefroy was a legal positivist who endorsed the views of John Austin.

He died on 7 March 1919 in Ottawa.

Rugby School
Rugby School is a private boarding school for pupils aged 13–18, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England.

Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It was one of nine schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 and later regulated as one of the seven schools included in the Public Schools Act 1868. Originally a boys' school, it became fully co-educational in 1992.

The school's alumni – or "Old Rugbeians" – include a UK prime minister, a French prime minister, several bishops, poets, scientists, writers and soldiers.

Rugby School is the birthplace of rugby football.
Tošić
Tošić (Serbian Cyrillic: Тошић, pronounced [tôʃitɕ, tǒː-]) is a Serbian and Croatian surname which is more common among Serbs than Croats.

Notable people with this name include:

Aleksandar Tošić (born 1970), Serbian racing driver

Dragomir Tošić (1909–1985), Yugoslavian footballer and civil engineer

Duško Tošić (born 1985), Serbian footballer

Goran Tošić (born 1982), Serbian tennis player

Jelena Kostanić Tošić (born 1981), Croatian retired tennis player

Luka Tošić (born 1988), Slovenian ice hockey player

Rade Tošić (born 1965), former Bosnian Serb football player

Roko Tošić (born 1979), Croatian table tennis player

Vladimir Tošić (born 1949), Serbian composer and visual artist

Zoran Tošić (born 1987), Serbian footballer

Jelena Kostanić Tošić
Jelena Kostanić Tošić (née Kostanić; born 6 July 1981) is a former professional tennis player from Croatia.

On 26 July 2004, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 32. On 4 October 2004, she reached her highest doubles ranking of No. 30. Kostanić Tošić won eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour and four singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. As a junior, she won the 1998 Australian Open.

Kostanić Tošić married Croatian table tennis player Roko Tošić on 8 July 2006 (until 6 January 2007 she competed as Jelena Kostanić).

At the 2008 Australian Open, Tošić was defeated in the first round by the eventual champion, Maria Sharapova, in straight sets.

Playing for Croatia Fed Cup team, Kostanić Tošić has a win–loss record of 19–20.

Her last professional tournament was the 2010 US Open.
Junius Brutus Stearns
Junius Brutus Stearns (born Lucius Sawyer Stearns, June 2, 1810 – September 17, 1885) was an American painter best known for his five-part Washington Series (1847–1856).

He was a member of the National Academy of Design for several decades and a member of its council.

He was born Lucius Sawyer Stearns in Arlington, Vermont. He named two sons after him, one Lucius Stearns, and the other Junius Brutus Stearns, Jr. Stearns, Jr., served in the Civil War in the 44th Regiment. JB Stearns served in the Civil War as well, in New York's 12th Regiment. He also had two other sons, Raphael and Michaelangelo, and a daughter, Edith Sylvia.

His painting The Millennium was submitted as credentials for his admission as a member of the National Academy of Design.

National Academy of Design
The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Frederick Styles Agate, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition." Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.
NTV Spor
NTV Spor is a Turkish online sports platform. NTV Spor used to be a nationwide TV channel between 2008 and 2018. As of April 2021, NTV Spor continues to produce content via their website and YouTube channel.

NTV Spor used to hold  broadcasting rights of varied sports events including La Liga, NBA, FA Cup, Wimbledon, EuroBasket, UEFA Euros and FIFA World Cup qualifying phase.

EuroBasket
EuroBasket, also commonly called the European Basketball Championship, is the main international basketball competition for the senior men's national teams of primarily European countries. It is held every four years and organised by FIBA Europe, the European zone of FIBA, the International Basketball Federation.

The competition was first held in 1935. The former Soviet Union holds the record for most gold medals with 14. The tournament is generally held in August or September, in the offseason of major club competitions. The current champion is Germany, who won the 2025 title.