hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isobutyric acid
Isobutyric acid, also known as 2-methylpropanoic acid or isobutanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with structural formula (CH3)2CHCOOH. It is an isomer of butyric acid. It is classified as a short-chain fatty acid. Deprotonation or esterification gives derivatives called isobutyrates.

Isobutyric acid is a colorless liquid with a somewhat unpleasant odor.  It is soluble in water and organic solvents.  It is found naturally in carobs (Ceratonia siliqua), in vanilla, and in the root of Arnica dulcis, and as an ethyl ester in croton oil.

Arnica
Arnica /ˈɑːrnɪkə/ is a genus of perennial, herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The genus name Arnica may be derived from the Greek arni, "lamb", in reference to the plants' soft, hairy leaves. Arnica is also known by the names mountain tobacco and, confusingly, leopard's bane and wolfsbane—two names that it shares with the entirely unrelated genus Aconitum.

This circumboreal and montane (subalpine) genus occurs mostly in the temperate regions of western North America, with a few species native to the Arctic regions of northern Eurasia and North America.

Arnica species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including Bucculatrix arnicella.

Arnica was previously classified in the tribe Senecioneae because it has a flower or pappus of fine bristles.

Arnica is the basis of a homeopathic remedy promoted for aiding bruise recovery.
USS Modoc (1865)
USS Modoc, a single turret, an 1,175-ton Casco-class light draft monitor built under contract by J. S. Underhill at Greenpoint, Brooklyn, was completed as a spar torpedo vessel in June 1865. She had no active service, spending her entire Navy career laid up "in ordinary" at Philadelphia. The vessel was renamed Achilles on 15 June 1869, but returned to Modoc on 10 August. The ship was broken up at New York in August 1875.

Spar torpedo
A spar torpedo is a weapon consisting of a bomb placed at the end of a long pole, or spar, and attached to a boat. It was used by driving the spar directly into an enemy vessel. These torpedoes often had a barbed tip so they could lodge into wooden hulls, after which a fuse would be triggered to cause the explosion.
2023 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship
The 2023 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship was the 50th edition of the Ladies' Gaelic Football Association's premier inter-county ladies' Gaelic football tournament, taking place in summer 2023 in Ireland. Holders Meath were aiming for a three-in-a-row, but were defeated by Kerry, who went on to lose the final to Dublin.

Summer
Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and darkness hours are the shortest, with day length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunrises and latest sunsets also occur near the date of the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to definition, climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
Beijing Library
Beijing Library (北京城市图书馆) is located north of the Central Green Forest Park in Tongzhou, Beijing, and is one of the three major buildings in the Beijing Municipal Administrative Center. It was completed and opened on December 27, 2023, forming the "One Library, Three Locations" pattern with the Hua Wei Qiao branch and the Daxing Airport branch of Capital Library. The Library houses functional areas such as ancient literature and documents, intangible cultural heritage, open-stack reading areas, smart libraries, and lecture halls, providing reading and learning facilities.

Tongzhou, Beijing
Tongzhou (Chinese: 通州; pinyin: Tōngzhōu), historically romanized as Tong-Choo-Foo in 18th-century British accounts,
is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation's capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20 km (12 mi) east of central Beijing, at the northern end of the Grand Canal (on the junction between the Tonghui Canal and the Northern Canal) and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi), or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census, and has seen significant growth and development since then, growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census and 1,840,295 at the 2020 census. The district is subdivided into four subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township.
Geumseong-myeon, Uiseong County
Geumseong-myeon (Korean: 금성면) is a myeon or township in Uiseong, South Korea. It has an area of 75 square kilometres (29 sq mi). It is known for Uiseong garlic and the Tap-ri (Tower Village) dinosaur fossils.

The township was established in 1934 and takes its name from the mountain Geumseongsan, which overlooks the township. In 1973, the village of Gwanghyeon-ri (then Gwanghyeon-dong) was transferred to Gunwi-eup in Gunwi County by presidential decree, giving the township its present configuration.

The township's area is divided into 15 legal ri, which are in turn divided into 39 administrative ri. As of 2022, Maejeon-myeon had a registered population of 4,236 residents in 2,491 households. Of these residents, 4,201 (99.2%) were Korean. As of 2019, the average age of residents in Geumseong-myeon was 58.8.

National Route 28 and the Jungang line railroad run through the township from north to south.

Resident registration
A resident register is a government database which contains information on the current residence of persons. In countries where registration of residence is compulsory, the current place of residence must be reported to the registration office or the police within a few days after establishing a new residence. In some countries, residence information may be obtained indirectly from voter registers or registers of driver licenses. Besides a formal resident registers or population registers, residence information needs to be disclosed in many situations, such as voter registration, passport application, and updated in relation to drivers licenses, motor vehicle registration, and many other purposes. The permanent place of residence is a common criterion for taxation including the assessment of a person's income tax.
Cockshutt 30
The Cockshutt 30 row-crop tractor was the first production tractor to be manufactured in Canada. The Cockshutt Plow Company had previously imported rebranded Oliver and Allis-Chalmers tractors from the United States. The Model 30 marked Cockshutt's emergence as a full-line agricultural manufacturer. The tractors were built in Cockshutt's Brantford, Ontario plant. The Model 30 was noted for its introduction of a live power take-off (PTO), the first such accessory that could be operated whether the tractor was moving or stationary. Through the model's production span it was itself resold in the United States as the CO-OP E3 and the Gambles Farmcrest 30.

Brantford
Brantford is a city in Ontario, Canada, founded on the Grand River in Southwestern Ontario. It is surrounded by Brant County but is politically separate with a municipal government of its own that is fully independent of the county's municipal government.

Brantford is situated on the Haldimand Tract, and is named after Joseph Brant, a Mohawk leader, soldier, farmer and slave owner. Brant was an important Loyalist leader during the American Revolutionary War and later, after the Haudenosaunee moved to the Brantford area in Upper Canada. Many of his descendants and other First Nations people live on the nearby Six Nations of the Grand River reserve south of Brantford; it is the most populous reserve in Canada.

Brantford is known as the "Telephone City" because resident Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone at his father's homestead, Melville House, now the Bell Homestead National Historic Site, located in Tutela Heights south of the city.
Danesi
Danesi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Danesi, Italian female volleyball player

Bryan Danesi,  Chilean footballer

Fabien Danesi, French art historian, lecturer in theory and practice of photography

Marcel Danesi, current Professor of Semiotics and Linguistic Anthropology at the University of Toronto

Tess Danesi, American sex educator, blogger, and writer of BDSM erotica

Tess Danesi
Tess Danesi is an American sex educator, blogger, and writer of BDSM erotica who conducts workshops, courses, and events. She writes for the American erotica anthology market, has contributed to Time Out New York, and has been featured in Fleshbot, a sex-oriented weblog, founded by Gawker Media.
Logie Awards of 1996
The 38th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Sunday, April 21, 1996, at the Melbourne Park Function Centre in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Daryl Somers, and guests included Gloria Reuben and Holly Hunter.

TV Week
TV Week is a weekly Australian magazine that provides television program listings information and highlights, as well as television-related news.

Content ranges from previews for upcoming storylines of popular television programs, particularly dramas, comedies, soap operas and reality shows airing in Australia, celebrity interviews, gossip and news reports about television, movies and music. A full weekly program guide with highlights is featured, as well listings for streaming services and crossword puzzles.

It was first published as a Melbourne-only publication in December 1957 (as TV-Radio Week), bearing a strong affiliation to television station Channel Nine, GTV9. The publication is also well known for its association with the annual TV Week Logie Awards.
Jesse James (Wisconsin politician)
Jesse L. James (born April 16, 1972) is an American law enforcement professional and Republican politician from Eau Claire County, Wisconsin.  He is a member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 23rd Senate district since January 2023.  He previously served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 68th Assembly district. Before being elected to the assembly, James was the police and fire chief of Altoona, Wisconsin.

Wisconsin's 68th Assembly district
The 68th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in northwestern Wisconsin, the district comprises all of Price and Rusk counties, and most of Chippewa and Taylor counties.  It includes the cities of Bloomer, Cornell, Ladysmith, Park Falls, and Phillips, and the villages of Bruce, Catawba, Conrath, Gilman, Glen Flora, Hawkins, Ingram, Kennan, Lublin, Prentice, Rib Lake, Sheldon, Tony, and Weyerhaeuser.  The district also contains Lake Wissota State Park, Brunet Island State Park, and Timms Hill—the highest natural point in the state of Wisconsin. The district is represented by Republican Rob Summerfield, since January 2025; Summerfield previously represented the 67th district from 2017 to 2025.

The 68th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 23rd Senate district, along with the 67th and 69th Assembly districts.

Timms Hill

Lake Wissota State Park

Phillips, Wisconsin

Prentice, Wisconsin

Brunet Island State Park
Charles William Floyd Coffin
Charles William Floyd Coffin (May 1, 1888 – August 2, 1968) was the Mayor of Englewood, New Jersey and chairman of the board of Franklin Balmar of Baltimore, Maryland.

He was born in Pentwater, Michigan to Joel S. Coffin, Sr. and Harriet Whittington (?-1939). He had a brother, Joel S. Coffin, Jr. (1891-1941).

Coffin's family moved to Franklin, Pennsylvania and he graduated from the high school in 1907. He graduated from Cornell University in 1912. He married Eva Colorado Proudfoot (1888-1944) on January 3, 1914, in Baltimore, Maryland and they had as their children, William Allison Coffin (1915-?), Charles Floyd Coffin (1918-2005), and Eva Sawtelle Coffin (1923-1967).

Coffin was elected Mayor of Englewood, New Jersey in November 1941 and assumed office on January 1, 1942.

He died in Englewood Hospital in Englewood, New Jersey.

Englewood Hospital and Medical Center
Englewood Hospital is an acute care 294-bed teaching hospital in Englewood, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. In spring 2024, the medical center received an 'A' Hospital Safety Grade from The Leapfrog Group patient safety organization.
Rhos Fawr
Rhos Fawr is a mountain summit in the Radnor Forest (Mid Wales), a rather isolated dome of hills to the north of the village of New Radnor. The local rocks are sedimentary shales and mudstones with some Silurian limestone. With a height of 660 metres (2,170 ft), it is the highest point in the Radnor Forest and the historic county top of Radnorshire.

The summit is located on a broad heathery plateau, which is separated from Black Mixen: the eastern plateau summit, by the cwm of Harvey Dingle. To the west is Drygarn Fawr and Gorllwyn, to the northwest Plynlimon, to the north Beacon Hill and the Clun Forest (Shropshire), and to the south the Black Mountains.
There is a prominent trig point at the summit, and a very useful landmark for walkers  on the broad and featureless summit plateau.

Clun Forest
Clun Forest (Welsh: Coedwig Colunwy) is a remote, rural area of open pastures, moorland and mixed deciduous/coniferous woodland in the southwest part of the English county of Shropshire and also just over the border into Powys, Wales.

It was once a Royal hunting forest covering an area that stretched from Ludlow up the Clun Valley. Set aside for hunting in mediaeval times, these areas were not necessarily heavily wooded, though in today's landscape there are numerous small woods, such as Radnor Wood, together with larger areas of conifer plantations established by the Forestry Commission along the Wales–England border north of Anchor for example (the planted Ceri Forest), and to the north and southeast of Clun.

The ancient Offa's Dyke runs north–south through the area (and can be walked by the Offa's Dyke Path).

It gives its name to a deanery of the Church of England's Diocese of Hereford.
Avavav
Avavav (pronounced ahv-ahv-AHV) is a Swedish independent fashion brand founded in 2021. It is led by cofounders Beate Skonare Karlsson, the brand's creative director, and Johanna Blom, CEO. With a focus on "luxury streetwear," is celebrated for its irreverent runway concepts and theatrical shows that merge fashion with performance art.

Fashion brand
The term "fashion brand" (or "fashion label") includes all the brands that operate within the fashion industry. A fashion brand combines symbolism, style, and experiential elements, and it needs to differentiate its products and coordinate its supply chain to succeed in the market. Consumers commonly employ brands as a means of expressing either their genuine identity or an idealized self-image that they aspire to achieve.
Alexander Maximov (politician)
Alexander Alexandrovich Maximov (Russian: Александр Александрович Максимов; born 18 November 1946, Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk Oblast) is a Russian political figure and deputy of the 7th and 8th State Dumas. In 1998, he was granted a Candidate of Sciences in Technical Sciences degree.

From 1975 to 2000, Maximov served at the KGB in Chelyabinsk Oblast. From 2001 to 2004, he worked as the Deputy General Director for Economic Security at the Chelyabinsk Electrometallurgical Plant. On 8 September 2013 he was elected deputy of the Kemerovo Region Council of People's Deputies of the 4th convocation. In 2016, he was elected deputy of the 7th State Duma. Since September 2021 he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

Zlatoust
Zlatoust (Russian: Златоуст; IPA: [zlətɐˈust]; Bashkir: Алтынтамаҡ, Altıntamaq) is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Ay River (in the Kama basin), 160 kilometers (99 mi) west of Chelyabinsk. It is best known for its Historic Arms and Metallurgy industry.
2012 ATP Vegeta Croatia Open Umag
The 2012 ATP Vegeta Croatia Open Umag was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 23rd edition of the ATP Vegeta Croatia Open Umag, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place at the International Tennis Center in Umag, Croatia, from 9 July until 15 July 2012. Second-seeded Marin Čilić won the singles title.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
LSWR 395 class
The LSWR 395 class was a class of goods 0-6-0 steam locomotives designed for the London and South Western Railway by William Adams as part of his modernisation programme. All 70 were constructed by Neilson and Company between 1881 and 1886. The last 34 locomotives differed in being slightly longer and heavier.

Neilson and Company
Neilson and Company was a locomotive manufacturer in Glasgow, Scotland.

The company was started in 1836 at McAlpine Street by Walter Neilson and James Mitchell to manufacture marine and stationary engines. In 1837 the firm moved to Hyde Park Street and was known as Kerr, Mitchell and Neilson and, in 1840,  Kerr, Neilson and Company, becoming Neilson and Mitchell in 1843.

Locomotive building began in 1843 for the local railways. In 1855 production of marine and stationary engines discontinued and the company changed its name again to Neilson and Company.
Among those who later became notable in the field were Henry Dübs and Patrick Stirling.

By 1861, business had increased to such an extent, that a new works was built at Springburn, also named "Hyde Park Works." In 1864, Henry Dübs set up in business on his own at Queens Park Works, as Dübs and Company, taking a number of key staff with him. James Reid, who had previously worked for Neilson, however, returned and became a partner.
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
The Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (CMPC; Russian: Конфедерация горских народов Кавказа (КГНК); until 1991 known as Assembly of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus) was a militarised political organisation in the North Caucasus, active around the time of before the dissolution of the Soviet Union and after, between 1989 and 2000. It played a decisive role in the 1992–1993 war between Abkhazia and Georgia, rallying militants from the North Caucasian republics. Its forces have been accused by Georgia of committing war crimes, including the ethnic cleansing of Georgians. The Confederation has been inactive since the assassination of its second leader, Yusup Soslanbekov, in 2000.

Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).
Manchester Disabled Athletes
The Manchester Disabled Athletes (MDA) was initially known as the Manchester and District Disabled Sports Club and existed for 43 years from June 1969 to August 2012. Probably its highest profile was in July 1981 when an MDA swimmer, Bernard Leach, boycotted his place in the England squad at the International Disability Games because an apartheid team was there from South Africa, a political and human rights boycott which made national news including criticism on the front page of the Daily Mail. A 50-year reunion of members was held in Manchester in June 2019.

Tony Sainsbury
Antony "Tony" John Sainsbury OBE has been the chef de mission of the British Paralympic team at five Paralympic Games, and was the chef de mission of the Independent Paralympic Athletes Team at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Birmingham Country Club (Alabama)
The Country Club of Birmingham, previously known as Birmingham Country Club, located in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, was founded in 1898. It moved in 1900 from North Birmingham to Lakeview, then again in 1926 to a site in Shades Valley, now within the city of Mountain Brook. The Lakeview club hosted former president Theodore Roosevelt and several Women's Southern Golf Association tournaments. The present site features two 18-hole courses designed in the 1920s by Donald Ross.

North Birmingham
North Birmingham is a community of Birmingham in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. Currently the North Birmingham community is further subdivided into six neighborhoods: Acipco-Finley, Collegeville, Fairmont, Harriman Park, Hooper City, and North Birmingham. The community consists of the area north of Downtown Birmingham between Village Creek on the south, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad to the east, Pratt to the west and the jurisdictional boundary to the north. Originally incorporated as the city of North Birmingham in 1902, it was annexed into the City of Birmingham in 1910.
Hohenstadt Transmission Tower
Hohenstadt Transmission Tower (German: Sendeturm Hohenstadt) is a steel German truss transmission tower in the municipality of Hohenstadt, formerly used by the military as a directional radio tower. Surrounded by abandoned military facilities and farm fields, the Hohenstadt Transmission Tower can be accessed through a dirt road that connects the surrounding area to several neighborhoods throughout the municipality. The transmission tower has a height of 137 m (449 ft), tall enough to have a good glimpse of the surrounding areas.

Radio masts and towers
Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are two main types: guyed and self-supporting structures. They are among the tallest human-made structures. Masts are often named after the broadcasting organizations that originally built them or currently use them.

A mast radiator or radiating tower is one in which the metal mast or tower itself is energized and functions as the transmitting antenna.
You Weren't in Love with Me
"You Weren't in Love with Me" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Billy Field. It was released in July 1981 as the second and final single from his debut studio album, Bad Habits. The song peaked at number one on the Australian Kent Music Report and entered the top 30 in New Zealand. At the APRA Music Awards of 1982, the song won Most Performed Australasian Popular Work.

APRA Music Awards of 1982
The Australasian Performing Right Association Awards of 1982 (generally known as APRA Awards) are a series of awards held in 1982. The inaugural APRA Music Awards were presented by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and the Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS). There were no awards presented in 1983: while the next ceremony occurred in 1984.