hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allen Stack
Allen McIntyre Stack (January 23, 1928  – September 12, 1999) was an American competition swimmer, Olympic champion, and former world record-holder.

Stack won the gold medal in the men's 100-meter backstroke at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.  Four years later at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. He placed fourth in the final of the same event.

Stack attended Yale University, where he swam for the Yale Bulldogs swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition from 1947 to 1949.  He graduated from Yale with a bachelor's degree in 1949.  He served in the U.S. Navy from 1951 to 1954, and graduated from Columbia University Law School in 1956.  He practiced law in Honolulu, Hawaii until 1998.

Stack was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honor Swimmer" in 1979.

World record
A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book Guinness World Records and other world records organizations collates and publishes notable records of many.
Southern Pacific 975
Southern Pacific 975 is a F-1 class 2-10-2 "Santa Fe" type steam locomotive, built in 1918 by American Locomotive Company (ALCO) at the former Brooks Locomotive Works plant in Dunkirk, New York. It entered service on Southern Pacific (SOU) subsidiary Texas and New Orleans Railroad (TNO) in March 1918, where it worked until its retirement in 1957.

The T&NO donated the locomotive to the city of Beaumont, Texas, on February 2, 1957, with the project spearheaded by then Mayor Jimmie P. Cokinos. No. 975 is now preserved in static display at the Illinois Railway Museum (IRMX) in Union, Illinois. It is one of only two Southern Pacific locomotives of this wheel arrangement to be preserved; the other is 982, which has moved to Union Station, Daikin Park in Houston, Texas in 2005. Today, No. 975 has since received a cosmetic restoration and is now on display.

Daikin Park
Daikin Park (originally Enron Field and formerly Astros Field and Minute Maid Park) is a retractable roof stadium in Houston, Texas, United States. It opened in 2000 and is the home ballpark of the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). The ballpark has a seating capacity of 41,168, which includes 5,197 club seats and 63 luxury suites, with a natural grass playing field. It was built as a replacement for the Astrodome, the first domed baseball/football stadium, which opened in 1965.
Akram Tawfik
Akram Tawfik Mohamed Hassan Elhagrasi (Arabic: أكرم توفيق محمد حسن الهجرسي; born 8 November 1997) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a right-back or a defensive midfielder for Qatar Stars League club  Al-Shamal and the Egypt national team.

He is a product of the ENPPI youth system. Akram is the younger brother of Abdelaziz Tawfik and Ahmed Tawfik, Egyptian international footballers.

Egypt national football team
The Egypt national football team (Egyptian Arabic: منتخب مصر لكرة القدم), nicknamed The Pharaohs (Egyptian Arabic: الفراعنة), represents Egypt in men's international football, and is governed by the Egyptian Football Association (EFA), the governing body of football in Egypt.

Egypt is Africa's oldest national football team and has won the Africa Cup of Nations a record seven times. The team has made three appearances in the FIFA World Cup and was the first-ever African and Middle Eastern team to make such an appearance.

Internationally, Egypt earned the honour of becoming a bronze medalist at the 2001 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Argentina.
Donald Murray (politician)
Donald Murray (21 October 1862 – 6 July 1923) was a Liberal Party politician in Scotland who served in the House of Commons as the member of parliament (MP) for the Western Isles from 1918 to 1922.

Murray won the newly created Western Isles seat at the 1918 general election, but was defeated at the 1922 general election by Sir William Cotts, a National Liberal who had stood against him in 1918 as a Coalition Liberal.
After his defeat, Murray did not stand again.

Na h-Eileanan an Iar (UK Parliament constituency)
Na h-Eileanan an Iar (/nə ˈhɪlənən ən jɪər/; Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [nəˈhelanən əˈɲiəɾ]), formerly Western Isles, is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, created in 1918.  It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It has been represented since 2024 by Torcuil Crichton of Scottish Labour.

The constituency was formed by merging areas which were formerly within the Ross and Cromarty constituency and the Inverness-shire constituency.

Na h-Eileanan an Iar is Scottish Gaelic for the Western Isles, which was the constituency's name prior to the 2005 general election. An identical constituency with the same name is used by the Scottish Parliament.

With around 21,000 registered voters, it has the smallest electorate of any constituency in the United Kingdom. It is expressly protected from being combined with other constituencies by the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011.
D-DIA
The D-DIA or deformation-DIA is an apparatus used for high pressure and high temperature deformation experiments. The advantage of this apparatus is the ability to apply pressures up to approximately 15 GPa while independently creating uniaxial strains up to 50%.

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.
Sentences: The Life of MF Grimm
Sentences: The Life of MF Grimm is a 2007 graphic novel written by hip hop artist Percy Carey, better known as MF Grimm. The comic details his life from childhood through his adult years, ending with the writing of the book. The story sees his highs and lows, as he suffers from a life of crime as well as being a recording artist. The comic has received two Eisner Award nominations, and two Glyph Awards.

Eisner Awards
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are awards for creative achievement in American comic books. They are regarded as the most prestigious and significant awards in the comic industry and often referred to as the industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The first Eisners were conferred in 1988, for works published in 1987. The Eisner Awards ceremony has been held at San Diego Comic-Con every year since 1991. The awards are named in honor of pioneering cartoonist and writer Will Eisner, who was a regular participant in the ceremony until his death in 2005.

The nominations in each category are generated by a five- to six-member jury, then voted on by comic book professionals. The jury often consists of at least one comics retailer, one librarian (since 2005), and one academic researcher, among other comic experts. As of 2021, awards are presented in 32 categories.
2001–02 Busta Cup
The 2001–02 Busta Cup was the 36th edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). It was played from 25 January to 8 March 2002.

Eight teams contested the competition, which was played as a round-robin. The six regular teams of West Indian domestic cricket (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands) were joined by a development team (West Indies B) and an invited overseas team (Bangladesh A). Jamaica finished undefeated on the top of the table, claiming a sixth domestic first-class title. The Busta Cup was followed by a brief knockout competition called the Busta International Shield. It was played from 15 March to 7 April, featuring the top four teams from the Busta Cup, and was won by Guyana.

Jamaica national cricket team
The Jamaica national cricket team is the representative cricket team of Jamaica. The team competes under the franchise name, Jamaica Scorpions in the Cricket West Indies' Professional Cricket League which comprises both the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50.  Jamaica has won a sum of 12 regional first class and 9 regional one day titles. Hence the Scorpions have won the second most first class and 50 over championships in the history of West Indies cricket.

The most prominent Jamaican cricketers include George Headley, Allan Rae, Alf Valentine, Collie Smith, Lawrence Rowe, Michael Holding, Jeff Dujon, Courtney Walsh, Patrick Patterson, Jimmy Adams, Chris Gayle, Marlon Samuels, Jerome Taylor, Nikita Miller and Gareth Breese.
Nycteola degenerana
Nycteola degenerana, the sallow nycteoline, is a moth of the family Nolidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1799. It is found in Europe, from southern Fennoscandia to Spain, Italy and the Balkans. Outside of Europe it is found in China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, the Russian Far East (Primorye, southern Khabarovsk and the southern Amur region), southern Siberia (Transbaikalia, the Baikal area, Altai and western Siberia), Turkey and the Ural.

The wingspan is 23–28 mm. It is the largest species of the genus.

Adults are on wing from mid-June to the beginning of July and from the end of July (after overwintering) to May. There are two generations per year.

The larvae feed on Salix (including S. caprea, S. aurita, S. cinerea, S. myrsinifolia and S. phylicifolia) and Quercus robur.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur, the pedunculate (or "English") oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens.
Trerwanwala
Trerwanwala is a village of Kharian Tehsil, Gujrat District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The village is located on the road connecting Dinga and Lalamusa. Farming is the main source of income within the village. Many residents have settled abroad, mainly in the UK or elsewhere in Europe. Its neighbouring village is Dhndhala.

Gujrat District
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع گجرات) is a district of Gujrat Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Gujrat District was created by the British Government in 1846. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of the Gujrat District is 3,219,375.
Romanian Space Agency
The Romanian Space Agency (ROSA; Romanian: Agenția Spațială Română) is a public institution that coordinates Romania's national space technology. ROSA, established in 1991, is subordinate to the Romanian Ministry of Education.

ROSA is not a representative of the Romanian Government, but ROSA establishes cooperative agreements with international organizations such as the European Space Agency, and the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Along with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROSA represents Romania at the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space (COPUOS) and at its subcommittees.

In addition, the Romanian Space Agency conducts research projects through the ROSA Research Center.

Space technology
Space technology is technology for use in outer space. Space technology includes space vehicles such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations and orbital launch vehicles; deep-space communication; in-space propulsion; and a wide variety of other technologies including support infrastructure equipment, and procedures.

Many common everyday services for terrestrial use such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, satellite navigation systems, satellite television, and some long-distance communications systems critically rely on space infrastructure. Of the sciences, astronomy and Earth science benefit from space technology. New technologies originating with or accelerated by space-related endeavors are often subsequently exploited in other economic activities.
Suksil-gwa
Suksil-gwa (Korean: 숙실과; Hanja: 熟實果), literally "cooked fruit", is a category of hangwa (Korean confection) consisting of cooked fruit, roots, or seeds sweetened with honey. Common ingredients include chestnut, jujube, and ginger. Suksil-gwa is similar to—and sometimes classified as—jeonggwa, but has unique characteristics that differentiate it from the jeonggwa category.

It has been mainly used for special occasions such as janchi (banquet), or jesa (ancestral rite). During the Joseon era (1392–1897), it was consumed by yangban (scholar-officials) and in royal court cuisine, due to the requirement for good quality fruit and an elaborate cooking process. Suksil-gwa is usually served with two or three kinds in one dish.

Korean royal court cuisine
Korean royal court cuisine was the style of cookery within Korean cuisine traditionally consumed at the court of the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897. There has been a revival of this cookery style in the 21st century. It is said that twelve dishes should be served along with rice and soup, with most dishes served in bangjja (bronzeware).
Diamond Foods
Diamond Foods, Inc. was an American packaged food company based in San Francisco, that marketed nuts (particularly walnuts and almonds) and other snack foods. Diamond Foods was acquired by Snyder's-Lance in 2016, and as of 2018, Campbell Soup Company owns Diamond Foods's former snack brands; Diamond of California, Diamond Foods's nut business, is owned by Blue Road Capital.

Nut (fruit)
A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent).

Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary.
Nay Hannawi
Nay Hannawi is a Lebanese translator. She obtained a bachelor's degree at the American University in Beirut and an MFA in translation at the University of Arkansas. Since 2002, she has been teaching English language and literature at the Arab Open University in Kuwait.

Hannawi is a past winner of the Arkansas Arabic Translation Award for her translation of Jabbour Douaihy's novel Autumn Equinox. Her poetry has appeared in the Alaska Quarterly Review.

Jabbour Douaihy
Jabbour Douaihy (Arabic: جبور الدويهي; 1949 – 23 June 2021)  was a critically-acclaimed Lebanese writer, translator, and professor of literature. His novels were nominated four times for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction, and he has also published translations, short story collections, and children's books. His work, mostly originally in Arabic, has been translated several languages, including English and French.
Lokar (surname)
Lokar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claudia Lokar (born 1964), German long-distance runner

Danilo Lokar (1892–1989), Slovene writer

Miha Lokar (born 1935), Slovene basketball player

Miha Lokar
Miha Lokar (born 10 September 1935) is a Slovenian former basketball player. He represented the Yugoslavia national basketball team internationally. Lokar was a member of the Yugoslavia national team that competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
Contra Errores Graecorum
Contra errores Graecorum, ad Urbanum IV Pontificem Maximum (Against the Errors of the Greeks, to Pope Urban IV) is a short treatise (an "opusculum") written in 1263 by Roman Catholic theologian Saint Thomas Aquinas as a contribution to Pope Urban's efforts at reunion with the Eastern Church.  Aquinas wrote the treatise in 1263 while he was papal theologian and conventual lector in the Dominican studium at Orvieto after his first regency as professor of theology at the University of Paris which ended in 1259 and before he took up his duties in 1265 reforming the Dominican studium at Santa Sabina, the forerunner of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum, in Rome.

Aquinas died on his way to participate in the 1274 Second Council of Lyons, to which he had been invited, but this treatise, which he had written eleven years before and not for the use of this Council, was influential at the Council.

Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
The Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (PUST), also known as the Angelicum or Collegio Angelico (in honor of its patron, the Doctor Angelicus Thomas Aquinas), is a pontifical university located in the historic center of Rome, Italy. The Angelicum is administered by the Dominican Order and is the order's central locus of Thomistic theology and philosophy.

The Angelicum is coeducational and offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees in theology, philosophy, canon law, and social sciences, as well as certificates and diplomas in related areas.  Courses are offered in Italian and some in English. The Angelicum is staffed by clergy and laity and serves both religious and lay students from around the world.
Peter Matoka
Peter Matoka (1930 – September 12, 2024)was a Zambian politician, freedom fighter and academician who served in the first post independence Cabinet in 1964 as Minister of Information and Postal services.

United National Independence Party
The United National Independence Party (UNIP) is a political party in Zambia. It governed the country from 1964 to 1991 under the socialist presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, and was the sole legal party in the country between 1973 and 1990. On 4 April 2021, Bishop Trevor Mwamba was elected President of UNIP.
Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (New York City)
Joan of Arc is a 1915 bronze equestrian statue on a granite base, sculpted by Anna Hyatt Huntington. The statue is located in Manhattan, New York City, on Riverside Drive and 93rd Street. It depicts the Roman Catholic saint and French folk heroine Joan of Arc.

Folk hero
A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.
Seimeni
Seimeni (plural of Seimen) designates the group of flintlock-armed infantry mercenaries charged with guarding the hospodar (ruler) and his court in 17th and 18th century Wallachia and Moldavia. They were mostly of Serb and other Balkan origin. The term is of Turkish origin: seğmen means "young armed man", it itself derives from Persian سگبان (sagbān). In modern transcriptions of Slavonic, it may also appear as simén (plural: siméni)  or siimén (siiméni).

Menaced by the growing privileges of boyars and threatened to lose land grants or be turned into serfs, the Wallachian seimeni rebelled in 1655, being crushed after Prince Constantin Șerban enlisted the help of George II Rákóczi, Prince of Transylvania, as well as that of Moldavia's Voivode Gheorghe Ștefan. After exercising a rule of terror in Bucharest, capturing and executing several boyars, they were decisively defeated by Rákóczi on June 26, 1655, in a battle on the Teleajen River.

Flintlock
Flintlock is a general term for any firearm that uses a flint-striking ignition mechanism, the first of which appeared in Western Europe in the early 16th century. The term may also apply to a particular form of the mechanism itself, also known as the true flintlock, that was introduced in the early 17th century, and gradually replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as the matchlock, the wheellock, and the earlier flintlock mechanisms such as the snaplock and snaphaunce.

The true flintlock continued to be in common use for over two centuries, replaced by percussion cap and, later, the cartridge-based systems in the early-to-mid 19th century. Although long superseded by modern firearms, flintlock weapons enjoy continuing popularity with black-powder shooting enthusiasts.
Big Sandy Lake
Big Sandy Lake is a lake in Aitkin County, Minnesota, approximately nine miles north of McGregor. The lake is considered fertile walleye ground with several habitat types, including the open main basin, the deep, cold eastern basin, and a shallow, more isolated south basin. Shallow bays containing dense beds of wild rice are found on south, west, and northwest sides of the lake.

Public access is provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources at two locations, the first on the Sandy River north of the "Pier 65" bridge, and the second on the northeast side of the lake. Additional points of access are maintained by the Corps of Engineers and Shamrock Township.

Wild rice
Wild rice, also called manoomin, mnomen, psíŋ, Canada rice, Indian rice, or water oats, is any of four species of grasses that form the genus Zizania, and the grain that can be harvested from them. The grain was historically and is still gathered and eaten in North America and, to a lesser extent, China, where the plant's stem is used as a vegetable.

Wild rice and domesticated rice (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima), are in the same botanical tribe Oryzeae. Wild-rice grains have a chewy outer sheath with a tender inner grain that has a slightly vegetal taste.

The plants grow in shallow water in small lakes and slow-flowing streams; often, only the flowering head of wild rice rises above the water. The grain is eaten by dabbling ducks and other aquatic wildlife.
New Mermaids
New Mermaids is a series of critical editions of important English plays. They were published from the early 1960s by Ernest Benn Limited and later by A & C Black. They feature lengthy introductions and annotated texts in modern spellings. Most New Mermaids editions are of English Renaissance plays, but the series also includes some Restoration drama and plays by Oscar Wilde.

Originally, the cover art for the volumes featured drawings of theatres of an appropriate era by C. Walter Hodges. Today, they feature a colourful, collage-style design.

The current general editors are Brian Gibbons of the University of Münster, William C. Carroll of Boston University and Tiffany Stern of University College, Oxford.

The New Mermaids was the successor to the earlier Mermaid Series, a major collection of reprints of texts from English Elizabethan, Jacobean and Restoration drama.

A & C Black
A & C Black is a British book publishing company, owned since 2002 by Bloomsbury Publishing. The company is noted for publishing Who's Who since 1849 and the Encyclopædia Britannica between 1827 and 1903. It offers a wide variety of books in fiction and nonfiction, and has published popular travel guides, novels, and science books.