hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernays–Schönfinkel class
The Bernays–Schönfinkel class (also known as Bernays–Schönfinkel–Ramsey class) of formulas, named after Paul Bernays, Moses Schönfinkel and Frank P. Ramsey, is a fragment of first-order logic formulas where satisfiability is decidable.

It is the set of sentences that, when written in prenex normal form, have an  quantifier prefix and do not contain any function symbols.

Ramsey proved that, if  is a formula in the Bernays–Schönfinkel class with one free variable, then either  is finite, or  is finite.

This class of logic formulas is also sometimes referred as effectively propositional (EPR) since it can be effectively translated into propositional logic formulas by a process of grounding or instantiation.

The satisfiability problem for this class is NEXPTIME-complete.

Decidability (logic)
In logic, a true/false decision problem is decidable if there exists an effective method for deriving the correct answer. Logical systems are decidable if membership in their set of logically valid formulas (or theorems) can be effectively determined. Zeroth-order logic (propositional logic) is decidable, whereas first-order and higher-order logic are not. A theory (set of sentences closed under logical consequence) in a fixed logical system is decidable if there is an effective method for determining whether arbitrary formulas are included in the theory. Many important problems are undecidable, that is, it has been proven that no effective method for determining membership (returning a correct answer after finite, though possibly very long, time in all cases) can exist for them.
Beder-Malling
Beder-Malling is a town in Aarhus Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark, with a population of 9,430 (1 January 2025). Beder-Malling is situated South-east of Mårslet and 6 kilometers South of Aarhus. Beder-Malling is a new town formed when the towns of Beder and Malling merged into one conurbation in the 2010s and it officially became one urban area.

Aarhus Municipality
Aarhus Municipality (Danish: Aarhus Kommune), known as Århus Municipality (Danish: Århus Kommune) until 2011, is a kommune in the Central Denmark Region, on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.

The municipality covers an area of 469.56 km2 (181.30 sq mi), and has a population of 373,388 as of 2025. The main town and the site of its municipal council is the city of Aarhus. Neighbouring municipalities are Syddjurs to the north, Favrskov to the northwest, Skanderborg to the southwest, and Odder to the south.

Aarhus Municipality was not merged with other municipalities in the nationwide Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007) due to its already relatively large size and population.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.
Vale Tudo (TV series)
Vale Tudo (Anything Goes in English) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by Rede Globo from May 16, 1988, to January 6, 1989.

In 2016 Vale Tudo and Avenida Brasil were elected by the magazine Veja as "the best Brazilian telenovelas of all time".

Veja (magazine)
Veja (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈveʒɐ], English: see, look [at it]) is a Brazilian weekly news magazine published in São Paulo and distributed throughout the country by media conglomerate Grupo Abril. It is the leading weekly publication in the country and one of the most influential Brazilian publishing outlets. Veja publishes articles on politics, economics, culture, world events, entertainment, and war. It also regularly includes editorial pieces related to themes like technology, ecology, and religious debate. It has recurring sections on cinema, television, practical literature, music, and guides on diverse subjects.
It has been described as politically aligned with right-wing movements, though it does not describe itself as such.
Oxazoline
Oxazoline is a five-membered heterocyclic organic compound with the formula C3H5NO. It is the parent of a family of compounds called oxazolines (emphasis on plural), which contain non-hydrogenic substituents on carbon and/or nitrogen. Oxazolines are the unsaturated analogues of oxazolidines, and they are isomeric with isoxazolines, where the N and O are directly bonded.  Two isomers of oxazoline are known, depending on the location of the double bond.

Oxazoline itself has no applications however oxazolines have been widely investigated for potential applications.  These applications include use as ligands in asymmetric catalysis, as protecting groups for carboxylic acids and increasingly as monomers for the production of polymers.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
María de Jesús Aguirre Maldonado
María de Jesús Aguirre Maldonado (born 25 December 1961) is a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

She has been elected to Congress for Nuevo León's 8th district on three occasions: 
in the 2003 mid-terms; 
in the 2009 mid-terms;
and in the 2021 mid-terms, when she was the president of the Rural Development and Conservation, Agriculture and Food Self-Sufficiency Committee, and a member of the Citizen Security and Social Security Committees.

2009 Mexican legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 5 July 2009. Voters elected 500 new deputies (300 by their respective constituencies and 200 by proportional representation) to sit in the Chamber of Deputies for the 61st Congress.
Residential Burglary Expert System
REBES (Residential Burglary Expert System, also Baltimore County Burglary System, BCPD) was the first U.S. American offender profiling software for local crime investigation. This expert system was developed for the Baltimore County Police Department by the Jefferson Institute for Justice Studies to assist the investigation of residential burglaries in the late 1980s. The REBES computer program was discontinued after experimental use in the beginning 1990s.

Baltimore County Police Department
The Baltimore County Police Department is the primary law enforcement agency for Baltimore County, Maryland. They have been accredited by Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (C.A.L.E.A.) since 1984.
Otaru Aquarium
Otaru Aquarium (おたる水族館, Otaru-suizokukan) is a public aquarium operated by Otaru Public Aquarium Corporation, Third Sector, in Otaru City, Hokkaido, Japan. It is one of the largest aquariums in Hokkaido, and It is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA). The aquarium is accredited as a Museum-equivalent facilities by the Museum Act from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (文部科学省, Monbu-kagaku-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Letters and Science'; MEXT) is one of the eleven ministries of Japan that compose part of the executive branch of the government of Japan.
Martin Hromec
Martin Hromec (born 9 January 1976) is a Slovak professional tennis player. He has competed in the Davis Cup several times and men's doubles tournaments particularly in the mid to late 1990s. In the 1998 Davis Cup he played with Ján Krošlák.

1998 Davis Cup
The 1998 Davis Cup (also known as the 1998 Davis Cup by NEC for sponsorship purposes) was the 87th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 131 teams entered the competition, 16 in the World Group, 30 in the Americas Zone, 30 in the Asia/Oceania Zone, and 55 in the Europe/Africa Zone. Honduras, Iraq, the Netherlands Antilles, Saint Lucia and the U.S. Virgin Islands made their first appearances in the tournament.

Sweden defeated Italy in the final, held at the Forum di Assago in Milan, Italy, on 4–6 December, to win their second consecutive title and their 7th title overall.
Ischaemum rugosum
Ischaemum rugosum, also known as saramollagrass, is a flowering plant belonging to the grass family Poaceae in the genus Ischaemum, and is native to tropical and temperate regions of Asia, growing in marshes and other wet habitats. It is a vigorous annual, and is an invasive species in South America and Madagascar. It reaches heights of up to 1 m and is primarily recognized by the ridged surface of its sessile spikelet's lower glume. Despite its historic importance as fodder in Asia, the grass has become a major weed in mid-latitude rice paddies throughout Asia and South America.

Glume
In botany, a glume is a bract (leaf-like structure) below a spikelet in the inflorescence (flower cluster) of grasses (Poaceae) or the flowers of sedges (Cyperaceae). There are two other types of bracts in the spikelets of grasses: the lemma and palea.

In grasses, two bracts known as "glumes" form the lowermost organs of a spikelet (there are usually two but one is sometimes reduced; or rarely, both are absent). Glumes may be similar in form to the lemmas, the bracts at the base of each floret.

In sedges, by contrast, a glume is a scale at the base of each flower in a spikelet.
King Covered Bridge
King Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Wayne Township in Greene County, Pennsylvania. It is a 46.5-foot-long (14.2 m), Queenpost truss bridge with a tin covered gable roof.  It crosses the Hoover Run.  As of October 1978, it was one of nine historic covered bridges in Greene County.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Queen post
A queen post is a tension member in a truss that can span longer openings than a king post truss. A king post uses one central supporting post, whereas the queen post truss uses two. Even though it is a tension member, rather than a compression member, they are commonly still called a post. A queen post is often confused with a queen strut, one of two compression members in roof framing which do not form a truss in the engineering sense.

The double punch truss appeared in Central Europe during the Renaissance.
SMART Team
SMART (Students Modeling A Research Topic) Team  is a science outreach program that allows high school students to work with a researcher to learn about a specific protein and construct a three-dimensional model of that protein. This program started at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and has partnered with researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Rutgers University and others.

Milwaukee School of Engineering
The Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) is a private university in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1903, the university has a primary focus on undergraduate engineering education with additional programs in business, mathematics, and nursing. Its 22-acre (8.9 ha) campus is in the East Town neighborhood of downtown Milwaukee.

In the fall of 2022, it enrolled 2,575 undergraduate and 154 graduate students. As of fall 2018, the university had a total of 138 full-faculty. Through eight academic departments, the university offers 16 bachelor's degree programs, 10 of which are in engineering; the university also offers nine master's degrees. MSOE fields 21 varsity teams known as the "Raiders" and most teams play in the NCAA Division III as part of the Northern Athletics Collegiate Conference (NACC).
Alex Saundry
Alex Saundry (born 8 July 1992) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the AFL Women's competition. Saundry was recruited by Greater Western Sydney as a free agent in October 2016. She made her debut in the thirty-six point loss to Adelaide at Thebarton Oval in the opening round of the 2017 season. She played four matches in her debut season. She was delisted by Greater Western Sydney at the end of the 2018 season.

Thebarton Oval
Thebarton Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia currently used for a variety of sports including Australian rules football. It was the home ground of South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club West Torrens between 1922 and 1989, and since 2008 has been the home of the South Australian Amateur Football League (SAAFL) now called the Adelaide Footy League.
St. Philomena's College, Mysore
St. Philomena's College, established on 9 October 1946, was the first 'First Grade College' in Mysore, India. It was opened by His Highness, Maharaja of Mysore. Its motto "Caritas in Scientia" was chosen by The Pope. The college has introduced the CBCS programme in the streams of commerce, management and social work facilitating students to choose open electives and giving breadth to their academic growth.

Course credit
A course credit is a measure of the size of an educational course, often used to determine whether the requirements for an award have been met, to facilitate transfer between institutions, or to enhance intercomparability of qualifications. Credit may be input-based, defined by the quantity and notional time of instruction given – or outcome-based, such as learning outcomes or summative assessments.
Walter Curt Behrendt
Walter Curt Behrendt (December 16, 1884 – April 26, 1945) was a German-American architect and active advocate of German modernism.  He was an authority on city planning and housing, editor of Die Form, and author of The Victory of the New Building Style among many other works.

Behrendt was born in Metz, emigrated to the U.S. in 1934 to teach at Dartmouth College through the help of his friend Lewis Mumford, and died in Norwich, Vermont.

Norwich, Vermont
Norwich is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. The population was 3,612 at the 2020 census. Home to some of the state of Vermont's wealthiest residents, the municipality is a commuter town for nearby Hanover, New Hampshire across the Connecticut River. The town is part of the Dresden School District, the first interstate school district in the United States, signed into law by President John F. Kennedy. The town contains the Norwich Mid-Century Modern Historic District.
Mohammad Attiah
Mohammad "Baby Jet" Attiah is a retired Ghanaian professional football (soccer) forward. He played two seasons in the North American Soccer League.

In 1966, Attiah began his professional career in Ghana as a sixteen-year-old.  He left Ghana in 1970 to play in Nigeria.  In 1973, the Dallas Tornado of the North American Soccer League brought him to the United States.  He played two seasons in Dallas.  In 1975, he played for the Rhode Island Oceaneers of the American Soccer League.  He played for the team through the 1977 season when the team was known as the New England Oceaneers.  He then played for the Cleveland Force of the Major Indoor Soccer League for three seasons.  He retired in 1981.

In 1984, he became the director of public relations for the Canton Invaders of the American Indoor Soccer Association.

Dallas Tornado
The Dallas Tornado was a soccer team based in Dallas, Texas that played in the North American Soccer League (NASL) from 1968 to 1981.

The club's home fields were Cotton Bowl (1967–1968), P.C. Cobb Stadium (1969), Franklin Field (1970–1971), Texas Stadium (1972–1975, 1980–1981) and Ownby Stadium on the SMU campus (1976–1979). The club played Indoor soccer at Reunion Arena for one season (1980–81), and hosted the two-day 1975 Regionals at Fair Park Coliseum.
Siebold University of Nagasaki
Siebold University of Nagasaki (県立長崎シーボルト大学, Kenritsu Nagasaki Shīboruto Daigaku) was a public university in the town of Nagayo in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1999, the school merged with Nagasaki Prefectural University to form University of Nagasaki in 2008.

Nagayo, Nagasaki
Nagayo (長与町, Nagayo-chō) is a town located in Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2024, the town had an estimated population of 39,548 in 17077 households, and a population density of 1400 people per km2. The total area of the town is 28.73 km2 (11.09 sq mi).
Galgano Perpignani
Galgano Perpignani (1694 – 1770)  was an Italian painter, active in painted sacred and mythologic subjects.

He studied in Bologna under Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole. He was an honorary member of the Accademia Clementina, and died in Bologna. He also worked in his native Siena.

Among his works is an altarpiece of the Ecstasy of Santa Rita da Cascia (1734), painted for the church of San Giacomo Maggiore in Bologna. He also painted a Carlo Borromeo and Luigi Gonzaga and a Vision of Saint Antony for the Oratory of Saint Anthony of Padua, located in Siena.

San Giacomo Maggiore, Bologna
44°29′44.01″N 11°20′56.05″E﻿ / ﻿44.4955583°N 11.3489028°E﻿ / 44.4955583; 11.3489028

The Basilica of San Giacomo Maggiore is an historic Roman Catholic church in Bologna, region of Emilia Romagna, Italy, serving a monastery of Augustinian friars. It was built starting in 1267 and houses, among the rest, the Bentivoglio Chapel, featuring numerous Renaissance artworks.
North Sutton, New Hampshire
North Sutton is an unincorporated community in the town of Sutton in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. It is located at the eastern end of Kezar Lake, adjacent to Wadleigh State Park.

New Hampshire Route 114 passes through the village, leading north to New London and south to Sutton Village, South Sutton and Bradford. Interstate 89 passes just east of the village, which can be accessed from Exit 10.

North Sutton has a separate ZIP code (03260) from other parts of the town of Sutton.

New London, New Hampshire
New London is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,400 at the 2020 census. The town is the home of Colby–Sawyer College, site of the Gordon Research Conferences since 1947.

The town center, where 1,266 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the New London census-designated place (CDP), and is located on a hilltop along New Hampshire Route 114 north of Route 11 and Interstate 89.
1987–88 DFB-Pokal Frauen
The Frauen DFB-Pokal 1987–88 was the 8th season of the cup competition, Germany's second-most important title in women's football. In the final, held in Berlin on 28 May 1988, TSV Siegen defeated Bayern Munich 4–1, thus winning their third cup in a row, as well as their third cup overall.

DFB-Pokal Frauen
The DFB-Pokal Frauen is the main national women's football cup competition in Germany, held annually by the German Football Association in knockout format. It was created in 1980, and since 1991 includes Eastern teams as well. The most recent champions are VfL Wolfsburg (ten consecutive titles), they also won the most titles with eleven. Since 1985 the final has been held in Berlin. This routine changed in 2010 when the DFB gave the final to the city of Cologne. It ever stayed in the city and was held at the RheinEnergieStadion. The final usually takes place on a weekend or holiday in early May.
W65 (nuclear warhead)
The W65 was the Lawrence Livermore Lab's competitor for the warhead of the Sprint anti-ballistic missile. Development of the W65 started in October 1965 and was terminated in January 1968 in favor of the Los Alamos W66 design. The W65 was an "enhanced radiation" weapon whose kill mechanism was the neutron flux.

Neutron flux
The neutron flux is a scalar quantity used in nuclear physics and nuclear reactor physics. It is the total distance travelled by all free neutrons per unit time and volume. Equivalently, it can be defined as the number of neutrons travelling through a small sphere of radius  in a time interval, divided by a maximal cross section of the sphere (the great disk area, ) and by the duration of the time interval.: 82-83  The dimension of neutron flux is  and the usual unit is cm−2s−1 (reciprocal square centimetre times reciprocal second).

The neutron fluence is defined as the neutron flux integrated over a certain time period. So its dimension is  and its usual unit is cm−2 (reciprocal square centimetre). An older term used instead of cm−2 was "n.v.t." (neutrons, velocity, time).
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 654
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 654 (P. Oxy. 654) is a papyrus fragment of the logia of Jesus written in Greek. It is one of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri discovered by Grenfell and Hunt between 1897 and 1904 in the Egyptian town of Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the middle or late 3rd century. It is one of only three Greek manuscripts of the Gospel of Thomas.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
The Guest (2018 film)
The Guest (Italian: L'ospite) is a 2018 Italian romantic comedy-drama film  co-written and directed by  Duccio Chiarini.

The film premiered in the Piazza Grande section at the 71st edition of the Locarno Festival, in which it won the Swiss Critics Boccalino Award for Best Film.

Locarno Film Festival
The Locarno International Film Festival is a major international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland. Founded in 1946, the festival screens films in various competitive and non-competitive sections, including feature-length narrative, documentary, short, avant-garde, and retrospective programs. The Piazza Grande section is held in an open-air venue that seats 8,000 spectators.

The top prize of the festival is the Golden Leopard, awarded to the best film in the International Competition. Other awards include the Leopard of Honour for career achievement, and the Prix du Public, the public choice award.
Battle of Manolada
The Battle of Manolada was fought on July 5, 1316, at Manolada, on the plains of Elis in the Peloponnese. The two leaders were Louis of Burgundy and the infante Ferdinand of Majorca, both of whom claimed the Principality of Achaea in right of their wives. The defeat and death of Ferdinand ensured the continued Angevin supremacy over Achaea and checked the further movement of his allies, the Catalan Company then occupying the Duchy of Athens.

Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens (Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.