hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defense Language and National Security Education Office
On February 6, 2012, the Defense Language Office and National Security Education Program were merged to form the Defense Language and National Security Education Office (DLNSEO), which consolidates cultural, linguistic, and regional foreign studies education efforts into a single program capable of satisfying national and Department-wide requirements.

Area studies
Area studies, also known as regional studies, is an interdisciplinary field of research and scholarship pertaining to particular geographical, national/federal, or cultural regions.  The term exists primarily as a general description for what are, in the practice of scholarship, many heterogeneous fields of research, encompassing both the social sciences and the humanities. Typical area study programs involve international relations, strategic studies, history, anthropology, political science, political economy, cultural studies, languages, geography, literature, and other related disciplines. In contrast to cultural studies, area studies often include diaspora and emigration from the area.
Arnold's cat map
In mathematics, Arnold's cat map is a chaotic map from the torus into itself, named after Vladimir Arnold, who demonstrated its effects in the 1960s using an image of a cat, hence the name. It is a simple and pedagogical example for hyperbolic toral automorphisms.

Thinking of the torus  as the quotient space , Arnold's cat map is the transformation  given by the formula

Equivalently, in matrix notation, this is

That is, with a unit equal to the width of the square image, the image is sheared one unit up, then two units to the right, and all that lies outside that unit square is shifted back by the unit until it is within the square.

Phase space
The phase space of a physical system is the set of all possible physical states of the system when described by a given parameterization. Each possible state corresponds uniquely to a point in the phase space. For mechanical systems, the phase space usually consists of all possible values of the position and momentum parameters. It is the direct product of direct space and reciprocal space. The concept of phase space was developed in the late 19th century by Ludwig Boltzmann, Henri Poincaré, and Josiah Willard Gibbs.
Wladimir Resnitschenko
Wladimir Resnitschenko (born 27 July 1965) is a Soviet fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team épée event at the 1988 Summer Olympics representing the Soviet Union. At the 1992 Summer Olympics, he won a gold in the same event representing Germany.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
1957 ACC men's basketball tournament
The 1957 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at Reynolds Coliseum from March 7–9, 1957. North Carolina defeated South Carolina, 95–75, to win the championship. Lennie Rosenbluth of North Carolina was named tournament MVP.

Lennie Rosenbluth
Leonard Robert Rosenbluth (January 22, 1933 – June 18, 2022) was an American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA), but he is remembered, first and foremost, for his college basketball player days. He played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels, where he was Helms Foundation Player of the Year (1957), consensus first-team All-American (1957), second-team All-American – AP, UPI, INS (1956), third-team All-American – NEA, Collier's (1956), ACC Player of the Year (1957), and 3× first-team All-ACC (1955–1957).
2010 ICC Americas Championship Division Four
The 2010 ICC Americas Championship Division Four was a cricket tournament held in Mexico City, Mexico, from 14 to 16 June 2010. It gave three Affiliate members of the International Cricket Council from the Americas region experience of international one-day cricket and formed part of the global World Cricket League structure.  Following on from the 50-over tournament, the three teams played a Twenty20 tournament which ran from 17 to 18 June 2010.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
Liz Ogbu
Liz OgbuListenⓘ is an American architect, designer and urbanist whose work focuses on issues related to community building and spatial justice. She is the founder and principal of the design consulting firm Studio O.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PACCI) is a business support body representing national Chambers of Commerce and private businesses from across the continent. Re-incorporated in March 2010, the PACCI has the status of an international nongovernmental organization. The PACCI works with international organizations, media entities, policy-makers and through its national member chambers with African national governments, to help African businesses to foster sustainable economic growth, entrepreneurship and prosperity.

The PACCI is based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, home of the African Union and the United Nations United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. As of February 2017, Kebour Ghenna serves as the Executive Director.

Prosperity
Prosperity is the  flourishing, thriving, good fortune and successful social status. Prosperity often produces profuse wealth including other factors which can be profusely wealthy in all degrees, such as happiness and health.
Augie Tammariello
Augie Tammariello is an American former college football coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Southwestern Louisiana—now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette—from 1974 to 1979, compiling a record of 30–35–2. A native of Pittsburgh, Tammariello played college football as a guard at the University of Denver. In 1962, he was hired as an assistant coach at the College of William & Mary, where he worked under head coaches Milt Drewer and Marv Levy. He moved to the University of Colorado Boulder in 1968 to serve as an assistant under head coach Eddie Crowder.

Since leaving college football in 1987, Tammariello has served as an insurance seller at a State Farm firm in Asheville, North Carolina.

University of Louisiana at Lafayette
The University of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette, University of Louisiana, ULL, or UL) is a public research university in Lafayette, Louisiana, United States. It has the largest enrollment within the nine-campus University of Louisiana System and the second-largest enrollment in Louisiana, behind only Louisiana State University. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

Founded in 1898 as an industrial school, the institution developed into a four-year university during the twentieth century and became known by its present name in 1999. It offers Louisiana's only Ph.D. in francophone studies, Louisiana's only master's of informatics, and Louisiana's only industrial design degree. The university has achieved several milestones in computer science, engineering and architecture. It is also home to a distinct College of the Arts.
Mirela Gawłowska
Mirela Gawłowska (Polish pronunciation: [miˈrɛla ɡaˈvwɔfska]) is a Polish former competitive figure skater. She is a six-time Polish national champion. She qualified for the free skate at four ISU Championships – 1988 Worlds in Budapest, 1987 Europeans in Sarajevo, 1988 Europeans in Prague, and 1989 Europeans in Birmingham. She was coached by Zygmunt Kaczmarczyk. Her skating club was Naprzód Janów.

1988 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1988 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Prague, Czechoslovakia (present-day Czech Republic) on January 22–27, 1988. Elite skaters from European ISU member nations competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Wanskuck, Providence, Rhode Island
Wanskuck is a neighborhood in the northern part of Providence, Rhode Island.  Along with Charles, it is one of two neighborhoods comprising what is often referred to as the North End.  Wanskuck is bounded to the east by Route 146, to the west by Providence College, Admiral Street, Route 7, and Huxley Avenue, and to the south roughly by Fillmore Street.  Parts of Wanskuck north of Branch Avenue are the Wanskuck Historic District.

Providence College
Providence College is a private Catholic university in Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1917 by the Dominican Order and the Diocese of Providence, it offers 47 undergraduate majors and 17 graduate programs.

The college requires all of its undergraduate students to complete 16 credits in the Development of Western Civilization, a major part of the college's core curriculum. In the spring of 2021, it enrolled 4,128 undergraduate students and 688 graduate students for a total enrollment of 4,816 students. In athletics, Providence College competes in NCAA Division I, and is a founding member of the original Big East Conference and Hockey East. It was part of the original six other basketball-centric Catholic colleges which broke off from the original Big East (today's American Athletic Conference) to form the current Big East at the start of the 2013–14 academic year.
Clear Tamei
Clear Tamei is an extended play (EP) by producer Seamus Malliagh, known by his stage name Iglooghost, released on the Brainfeeder label on 8 August 2018. It is the first of two EPs released by Malliagh, the second being Steel Mogu.

The EP, especially the title track, notably contains lyrics rapped and chanted in an as-yet-unnamed constructed language developed by Malliagh, described by Jay Balfour writing for Pitchfork as "mumbled gibberish".

Constructed language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally emerge from human interaction, is intentionally devised by a person or group for a particular purpose. The term constructed language is often shortened to conlang and, as a relatively broad term, it encompasses subcategories including: fictional, artificial, engineered, planned and invented languages. Conlangs may include aspects reminiscent of natural language including phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary. Interlinguistics includes the study of constructed languages.
Markus Kleinheinz
Markus Kleinheinz (born August 27, 1976) is an Austrian luger who competed between 1994 and 2006. He won a bronze medal in the mixed team event at the 1995 FIL World Luge Championships in Lillehammer, Norway.

Kleinheinz also competed in three Winter Olympics, earning his best finish of fifth in the men's singles event at Nagano in 1998.

He was overall Luge World Cup champion in men's singles in 2002-03.

Nagano (city)
Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜɡano, naɡanoꜜɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of 371.4 meters (1,219 ft).

The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353 m), and it is near the confluence of the Chikuma River—the longest and widest river in Japan—and the Sai River. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 365,296 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 438 persons per km². The total area of the city is 834.81 square kilometres (322.32 sq mi).
The Monsoon Bassoon
The Monsoon Bassoon were an English independent rock band active between 1995 and 2001, notable for their exceptionally complex and energetic music. During their lifespan, the band won the NME's Single Of The Week award three times (for three consecutive single releases). They were an integral part of the "London math-rock" scene of the late 1990s and had a passionate underground following, particularly inspiring other bands.

Max Tundra
Benjamin Thomas Jacobs (born 7 June 1974), more commonly known by the stage name Max Tundra, is an English multi-instrumental musician, singer and music producer. His work is noted for its maximalist approach, which is predominantly electronic music but incorporates non-electronic styles and instruments. Jacobs' production style has been noted as an influence on the hyperpop style which became prevalent in the 2010s onwards.

Other than his full-length albums, he has also done remix work for bands of varying genres including Franz Ferdinand, Architecture in Helsinki, Kid606 and the Pet Shop Boys. In 2018, Tundra wrote and produced the comeback album by Daphne and Celeste, entitled Daphne & Celeste Save the World.
Trevor Wintle
Trevor Clifford Wintle (born 10 January 1940) is an English former international rugby union player.

Born in Forest of Dean, Wintle attended Lydney Grammar School and studied medicine at the University of Cambridge, winning rugby blues in 1960 and 1961. He then came down to London and played with Rosslyn Park and St. Mary's Hospital. After qualifying as a doctor, Wintle joined a hospital in Northampton and played for Northampton RFC.

Wintle was capped five times as a scrum-half for England. He made his debut against Scotland in the 1966 Five Nations and partnered John Finlan at half-back for all four of England's 1969 Five Nations matches.

1966 Five Nations Championship
The 1966 Five Nations Championship was the thirty-seventh series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the seventy-second series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 15 January and 26 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

Wales won their 15th title, with a single loss, while England finished in a disappointing fifth and last place.
Iloilo Sunset Boulevard
Iloilo Sunset Boulevard, also called Iloilo River North Bank Road, is a 4.99-kilometre (3.10 mi) four-lane thoroughfare extending from Barangay Tabucan in Mandurriao, Iloilo City, to Barangay Cagbang in Oton, Iloilo, Philippines. It was opened in January 2025 and is expected to alleviate traffic congestion along the Iloilo-Antique Road in the Molo and Arevalo districts. The boulevard begins at the Sunset Boulevard North, south of the Iloilo Business Park, and runs along the north bank of the Iloilo River, extending to the southern municipalities of Iloilo province. The infrastructure includes designated pedestrian sidewalks, viewing decks, dedicated bicycle lanes on both sides, and an extension of the Iloilo River Esplanade. It is named and inspired by Billy Wilder's 1950 film of the same name Sunset Boulevard.

An extension of the boulevard up to Radial Road 1 is currently under construction, as of 2025.

Iloilo Business Park
Iloilo Business Park (also known as IBP or Megaworld) is a 72-hectare (180-acre) mixed-use master-planned central business district in Mandurriao, Iloilo City, Philippines by Megaworld Corporation. It is an integrated township project featuring a financial district, a lifestyle mall, office buildings catering to business process outsourcing firms, boutique and deluxe hotels, a convention center, and medical services facilities.

Iloilo Business Park was the site of Mandurriao Airport, the former main airport of Iloilo until 2007, when Megaworld Corporation acquired the property and developed it into a mixed-use development. Since then, the area has experienced significant growth and is now bounded by two other major developments in Mandurriao, namely SM Iloilo of SM Prime to its east and Atria Park District of Ayala Land to its southeast.

Iloilo Business Park has been officially recognized as the center of arts and culture in Iloilo City.
Denis J. O'Connell
Denis J. O'Connell (January 28, 1849 – January 1, 1927) was an Irish-born American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as bishop of the Diocese of Richmond in Virginia from 1912 to 1926.  He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Francisco in California from 1908 to 1912.

Before becoming a bishop, O'Connell served as rector of the Pontifical North American College in Rome, then as rector of the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C.

Pontifical North American College
The Pontifical North American College (NAC) is a Roman Catholic institution in Rome, Italy, that educates seminarians to become priests in the United States and elsewhere.  The NAC also provides a residence for priests who are pursuing graduate work at other pontifical universities in Rome, and has a continuing education program for veteran priests.

The NAC is administered by the Holy See's Congregation for the Clergy, which delegates its operation to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), acting through the NAC's episcopal board of governors.

Founded by Pope Pius IX in 1859 to increase the number of American priests, most of the NAC seminarians come from the United States.
E&E News
E&E News (branded as E&E News by POLITICO; also known as Environment and Energy Publishing) is an American news organization that covers energy and the environment, as well as pertinent climate and natural resource policy news. E&E News includes five publications: Climatewire, E&E Daily, Energywire, Greenwire, and E&E News PM.

The organization was founded in 1998 and was acquired by Politico in 2020. At the time, the organization employed over 65 staff reporters and editors located across the United States. Since the acquisition, Politico has integrated E&E News into its Politico Pro platform; select content from E&E News publications can be accessed through either the E&E News or Politico Pro websites.

Natural resource economics
Natural resource economics deals with the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth's natural resources. One main objective of natural resource economics is to better understand the role of natural resources in the economy in order to develop more sustainable methods of managing those resources to ensure their availability for future generations. Resource economists study interactions between economic and natural systems, with the goal of developing a sustainable and efficient economy.
Heidi Holland
Heidi Holland (6 October 1947 – 11 August 2012), also known as Heidi Hull (during her first marriage), was a South African journalist and author who had been involved in the journalism industry for over 30 years. She edited Illustrated Life Rhodesia, worked as a freelance writer on publications such as The Sunday Times, The Telegraph, International Herald Tribune, The New York Times and The Guardian, and had also worked on research projects for British television documentaries.

The Star (South Africa)
The Star is a daily newspaper based in Gauteng, South Africa that was established in 1887. The paper is distributed mainly in Gauteng and other provinces such as Mpumalanga, Limpopo, North West, and Free State.

The Star is one of the titles of the South African Independent News & Media group (INL), owned by Sekunjalo Media Consortium whose founder and chairman is Dr. Iqbal Survé. For many years, The Star was owned by the Argus Printing & Publishing Company, controlled by the Anglo American Corporation. The Irish Independent News & Media (INM) bought and renamed the Argus in the early 1990s. Sekujalo acquired INL in 2013.
The Capital Hotels & Apartments
The Capital Hotels, Apartments, and Resorts. (also known as The Capital Hotel Group) is a South African hotel chain offering serviced apartments and hotel accommodation. The company was founded in 2008 by Marc Wachsberger and is headquartered in Sandton, Johannesburg. It operates 12 properties across major South African cities including Johannesburg, Cape Town, Pretoria, Durban, and Mbombela.

Short-term rental
Short-term rentals (STR) are furnished lodging rented for short periods of time. They can be used as alternatives to hotels for vacation rentals and housing during relocation. They are usually reserved via online marketplaces such as Airbnb and Booking.com.
2022 Australian Swimming Championships
The 2022 Australian Swimming Championships were held from 18 to 22 May 2022 at the South Australia Aquatic and Leisure Centre in Adelaide, South Australia.

Originally scheduled for April, the meet was pushed back to May after the announcement of the 2022 FINA World Championships in Budapest, Hungary scheduled for June 2022. This event doubled up as the national trials for the FINA World Championships, as well as the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games.

Emma McKeon chose to miss this meet as under a new rule from Swimming Australia, McKeon was pre-selected for the 2022 Commonwealth Games after her successful 2021 Olympics campaign.

During the Day 1 finals session, Cody Simpson finished third behind Matthew Temple and Kyle Chalmers. It was initially thought Simpson had qualified for the World Aquatics Championships as Chalmers was not going to swim, however Chalmers backflipped on his decision which ultimately pushed Simpson out of the team.

Swimming Australia
Swimming Australia is the peak governing body for competitive swimming in Australia. The body has approximately 100,000 registered members nationally in 1100 clubs across the country, which includes swimmers, coaches, officials, administrators and volunteers. The body oversees the management and development of the sport from the national team at the elite level, the conduct of national and international events, through to grass roots participation.

In 1985, the organisation had approximately 90,000 registered members.