hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1997 Chadian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Chad on 5 January 1997, with a second round on 23 February. They were the first multi-party elections since independence in 1960 and resulted in a victory for the ruling Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), which won 65 of the 125 seats in the National Assembly. However,  the elections were marred by electoral fraud widespread vote rigging, and local irregularities marred these elections, as the 1996 presidential elections.

1996 Chadian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Chad on 2 June 1996, with a second round on 3 July. They were the first multiparty presidential elections in the history of Chad and occurred at the end of a long transitional process after repeated delays. The elections were won by the incumbent President Idriss Déby, who easily defeated a prominent southern politician, Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué, in the second round. Déby benefited from the support of another southern politician, Saleh Kebzabo, who finished third in the first round. The election was marred by widespread and credible reports of electoral fraud and government intimidation of opposition forces, confirmed by international observers. Voter turnout was 68% in the first round and 78% in the second.

Following his victory, Déby was sworn in on 8 August 1996.
Kurrat (surname)
Kurrat is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dieter Kurrat (1942–2017), German footballer and coach

Hans-Jürgen Kurrat (born 1944), German footballer, brother of Dieter

Klaus-Dieter Kurrat (born 1955), German sprinter

Klaus-Dieter Kurrat
Klaus-Dieter Kurrat (born 16 January 1955 in Nauen, Brandenburg) is a former East German athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres.

He was a European Junior 100/200 metre champion in 1973. He was twice East German 100 Metres Champion, as well as 200 metre champion in 1976. He also added three 60 metre Indoor East German titles, as well as an indoor 100 metres.

He represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in the 4 × 100 metre relay, where he won the silver medal with his teammates Manfred Kokot, Jörg Pfeifer and Alexander Thieme. He competed at the Moscow Olympic Games in the 100 metres, where he reached the quarterfinal.

He is married to Olympic gymnast Kerstin Gerschau.
Marquess of Halifax
The title Marquess of Halifax was created in the Peerage of England in 1682 for the George Savile, 1st Earl of Halifax.

He had previously been created Baron Savile, of Elland in the County of York, Viscount Halifax in 1668, and Earl of Halifax in 1679, all also in the Peerage of England. The baronetcy, styled "of Thornhill in the County of York", had been created in the Baronetage of England in 1611 for his great-grandfather George Savile. All peerages became extinct on the death of the 2nd Marquess in 1700. The baronetcy was inherited by a kinsman, the 6th Baronet, and became extinct on the death of the 8th Baronet in 1784.

The courtesy title used by the heir apparent to the earldom and marquessate was Lord Elland, taken from the territorial designation of the barony of Savile. The family seat was originally Thornhill Hall, which was destroyed in the English Civil War, after which the seat was transferred to Rufford Abbey.

Elland
Elland is a market town in Calderdale, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. It is situated south of Halifax, by the River Calder and the Calder and Hebble Navigation. Elland was recorded as Elant in the Domesday Book of 1086. It had a population of 14,554 at the 2001 Census, with the ward being measured at 11,676 in the 2011 Census.
Sam Tan (politician)
Sam Tan Chin Siong (born (1958-10-13)13 October 1958) is a Singaporean former politician. A member of the governing People's Action Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Radin Mas division of Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency (GRC) between 2006 and 2011 and Radin Mas Single Member Constituency (SMC) between 2011 and 2020.

Tan had served as Minister of State for Culture, Community and Youth in 2014 and 2015, Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office between 2014 and 2018, Minister of State for Manpower between 2015 and 2018, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs between 2017 and 2020 and Minister of State for Social and Family Development between 2018 and 2020. He had also served as Mayor of Central Singapore District between 2011 and 2014.

Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)
The Ministry of Manpower (MOM; Malay: Kementerian Tenaga Manusia; Chinese: 新加坡人力部; Tamil: மனிதவள அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the workforce in Singapore. It was formerly known as the Ministry of Labour from 1955 to 1998.
Aulacostephanus
Aulacostephanus is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod genus from the Upper Jurassic Tithonian belonging to the perisphinctoidean family Aulacostephanidae.

Aulacostephanus produced a discoidal, strongly ribbed, evolute shell of moderate size, reaching diameters of 16 cm (~6.5in.), or so. Ribs diverge in pairs and threes from  nodes on the umbilical shoulder and extend radially outward onto the ventro-lateral shoulder, but do not cross the venter, (the outer rim). Sides are flat, the venter steeply rounded, with an open bend or median groove running down the middle.

Clutches of eggs attributed to this genus have been discovered in the Kimmeridge Clay.

Tithonian
In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 149.2 ±0.7 Ma and 143.1 ±0.6 (million years ago). It is preceded by the Kimmeridgian and followed by the Berriasian (part of the Cretaceous).
Télé Liban
Télé Liban (also known as TL, Arabic: تلفزيون لبنان) is the first Lebanese public television network, owned by the Lebanese government. It was a result of a merger of the privately run Compagnie Libanaise de Télévision (CLT) (channels 7 and 9) and Télé-Orient (channels 5 and 11). TL is the current Lebanese member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), and the Arab States Broadcasting Union (ASBU).

Arab States Broadcasting Union
The Arab States Broadcasting Union (ASBU; Arabic: إتحاد إذاعات الدول العربية) is an Arab joint-action institution related to the League of Arab States and the Pan-Arab Association of Public Service and Commercial Broadcasters. Founded in February 1969 in Khartoum, ASBU is a professional organization with the objective of strengthening ties and promoting cooperation among broadcasters in the Arab States for better production and content development. ASBU provides important services such as engineering and consulting services, radio and television exchange of news, programming and sports, as well as radio and TV training. It also strives to acquire broadcasting rights at preferential rates for a number of competitions and sports events to the benefit of its members, as well as to ensure the appropriate broadcasting coverage of such events.

Its headquarters are in the Tunisian city of Tunis.
Persephone (The Matrix)
Persephone is a fictional character in The Matrix franchise. She is portrayed by Monica Bellucci. In the films The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, Persephone is married to the Merovingian. She seems bored with her existence in the Matrix, and is dissatisfied with her husband (possibly because of his constant infidelities).

Infidelity
Infidelity (synonyms include cheating, having an affair, adultery, being unfaithful, non-consensual non-monogamy, straying or two-timing) is a violation of a couple's emotional or sexual exclusivity that commonly results in feelings of anger, sexual jealousy, and rivalry.

What constitutes infidelity depends on expectations within the relationship. In marital relationships, exclusivity is commonly assumed. Infidelity can cause psychological damage, including feelings of rage and betrayal, depression, low sexual and personal confidence, and even post-traumatic stress disorder. People of both sexes can experience social consequences if their act of infidelity becomes public, but the form and extent of these consequences can depend on the gender of the unfaithful person.
Mary Koop
Mary Koop (nee Bredall, born 1884–1967) was a British artist.

She was born Mary Bredall in 1884, and studied at the Croydon School of Art and the London School of Art.

After she completed her training, she worked for London Underground.

In 1915, she married Charles Frederick Rayner Koop (1882–1966) in Kensington, London. He was a fellow artist, and they lived at 21 Redcliffe Road, South Kensington, London.  He was a conscientious objector during the First World War, and was first imprisoned at Wormwood Scrubs and then as an alternativist undertook compulsory civilian work at the Home Office Scheme on Dartmoor instead.

In 1925, she designed a poster, "Summer sales quickly reached by Underground" for the Underground Electric Railway Company Ltd. She exhibited three times at the Royal Academy.

She died in Sussex in 1967, aged 83.

In 2013, her "Summer sales" poster appeared on a Royal Mail postage stamp, part of a set marking the 150th anniversary of the London Underground.

HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs
HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs (nicknamed "The Scrubs") is a Category B men's local prison, located in the White City area of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in West London, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.
Beddegama (film)
Beddegama (The Village in the Jungle) is a 1981 Sinhala drama film directed by Lester James Peries that follows the lives of village people in British Colonial Sri Lanka. The film is based on the 1913 book The Village in the Jungle by Leonard Woolf. Sir Arthur C. Clarke also has a minor role in the film as an English Judge.

Lester James Peries
Sri Lankabhimanya Lester James Peries (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකාභිමාන්‍ය ලෙස්ටර් ජේම්ස් පීරිස්; 5 April 1919 – 29 April 2018) was a Sri Lankan film director, screenwriter, and film producer. Considered as the father of Sri Lankan cinema, Lester worked as a filmmaker from 1949 to 2006, and was involved in over 28 films, including shorts and documentaries.

He received critical acclaim for directing Rekava, Gamperaliya, Nidhanaya, Golu Hadawatha, Kaliyugaya, Awaragira and Yuganthaya. His movie Wekande Walauwa, starring Ravindra Randeniya and Malini Fonseka, was Sri Lanka's first ever submission for the Academy Awards and the film Nidhanaya was included among the top 100 films of the century by the Cinémathèque Française. Peries' films often deal with Sri Lankan family life in rural settings and conflicted characters. He helped create an authentic expression of Sinhala Cinema.
Jackiopsis
Jackiopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Colin Ernest Ridsdale in 1979. The genus contains only one species, viz. Jackiopsis ornata, which is found in Borneo, Malaysia and Sumatra. It is also the only species in the tribe Jackieae.

According to Henry Nicholas Ridley, Malay name for Jackiopsis ornata is segan paya.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Henderson Park (Henderson, Texas)
Henderson Park was a baseball park located in Henderson, TX and was the home to many Henderson baseball teams over the course of the facility. The remnants of the ballpark still exist and can be viewed behind the ancient middle school at Fair Park Street and South High Street.

32°08′58″N 94°47′43″W﻿ / ﻿32.1494°N 94.7952°W﻿ / 32.1494; -94.7952

Henderson, Texas
Henderson is a city and the county seat of Rusk County, Texas, United States. Its population was 13,271 at the 2020 census. Henderson is named for James Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Texas.

The city has functioned as a major crossroads in Northeast Texas over the last two centuries. Several major highways pass through the business district of the town, including U.S. Route 259, Texas State Highway 64, U.S. Route 79, Texas State Highway 43, Texas State Highway 42, and Texas State Highway 64.

Annual events in the city of Henderson include the Heritage Syrup Festival in November, celebrating the East Texas tradition of sorghum syrup making, and the East Texas Sacred Harp Convention in August featuring shape note music.
Tokchin
Tokchin (Russian: Токчин) is a rural locality (a selo) in Duldurginsky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 1,111 (2021 census); 1,210 (2010 census); 1,151 (2002 census);  There are 5 streets in this selo.

Duldurginsky District
Duldurginsky District (Russian: Дульдургинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion) of Agin-Buryat Okrug of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, one of the thirty-one in the krai. It is located in the south of the krai, and borders with Chitinsky District in the north, Aginsky District in the east, Akshinsky District in the south, and with Ulyotovsky District in the west.  The area of the district is 7,200 square kilometers (2,800 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Duldurga. Population: 15,350 (2010 census); 15,316 (2002 Census); 15,550 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Duldurga accounts for 43.3% of the district's total population.
Vicinal
Vicinal ("In the neighbourhood of") is a general adjective used as a standard, specific, technical descriptor in a range of contexts, including:

Vicinal (chemistry), stands for any two functional groups bonded to two adjacent atoms.

Vicinal tramway or Buurtspoor, a system of narrow gauge tramways or local railways in Belgium.

In materials science, a "vicinal substrate" is a thin-film substrate whose surface normal deviates slightly from a major crystallographic axis.

In physics, the exclusion zone of changed physical/molecular structure at the boundary of many liquids and a barrier has been described as the interfacial layer or the vicinal layer.

Exclusion zone (physics)
The exclusion zone is a large stratum (typically on the order of a few microns to a millimeter) observed in pure liquid water, from which particles of other materials in suspension are repelled. It is observed next to the surface of solid materials, e.g. the walls of the container in which the liquid water is held, or solid specimens immersed in it, and also at the water/air interface.  Several independent research groups have reported observations of the exclusion zone next to hydrophilic surfaces. Some research groups have reported the observation of the exclusion zone next to metal surfaces. The exclusion zone has been observed using different techniques, e.g. birefringence, neutron radiography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and others, and it has potentially high importance in biology, and in engineering applications such as filtration and microfluidics.
Majdan Zbydniowski
Majdan Zbydniowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmajdan zbɨdˈɲɔfskʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zaleszany, within Stalowa Wola County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

Stalowa Wola County
Stalowa Wola County (Polish: powiat stalowowolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Stalowa Wola, which lies 62 kilometres (39 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The county covers an area of 832.92 square kilometres (321.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 103,293, out of which the population of Stalowa Wola is 60,799, and the rural population is 42,494.
Formula funds
Formula funds refer to the Federal dollars distributed to the land grant colleges of agriculture through formulas found in the Hatch Act (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.), the Smith–Lever Act (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), the McIntire–Stennis Act (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), and the Evans–Allen Act (7 U.S.C. 3222) for (1) agricultural research at the state agricultural experiment stations, (2) Extension Service programs, (3) forestry research at the land grant colleges of agriculture, and (4) research at the 1890 institutions, respectively.

Agricultural experiment station
An agricultural experiment station (AES) or agricultural research station (ARS) is a scientific research center that investigates difficulties and potential improvements to food production and agribusiness. Experiment station scientists work with farmers, ranchers, suppliers, processors, and others involved in food production and agriculture.
North Fork Touchet River
The North Fork Touchet River is the primary headwater of the Touchet River, flowing 21.7 miles (34.9 km) through Columbia County, Washington. The river begins in the Blue Mountains in a ravine just east of Ski Bluewood. It flows north, past the Touchet Corral Sno-Park, in a narrow valley between Chase Mountain to the west and Middle Point Ridge to the east. It is joined by Spangler, Lewis and Jim Creeks from the right before receiving the Wolf Fork from the left. An unnamed tributary from the right forms Hompegg Falls just downstream of Spangler Creek. Below the Wolf Fork it flows northwest through a wider valley before joining the South Fork Touchet River at Baileysburg, south of Dayton, to form the main stem of the Touchet.

Hompegg Falls
Hompegg Falls is a waterfall that flows from a creek just as it empties in the north fork of Touchet River, located in the U.S. state of Washington. The waterfall is in the heart of the Umatilla National Forest, just 2 miles south of the Huckleberry Mountain Reservoir Dam and Lewis Creek and 8 miles north of Ski Bluewood. The name of the waterfall is from the initials of seven individuals who discovered the waterfall while hiking the forest in the 1930s.

Access to Hompegg Falls is 15 miles south of the city of Dayton through Hompegg Falls Drive off N Touchet Rd, at a point where an unnamed creek flows into the North Folk Touchet River.
Stuart Robertson (gardener)
Stuart Robertson (1944 – September 23, 2009) was a professional gardener from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He was born in Bournemouth, England. Since 1981, he had been the gardening columnist for the Montreal Gazette and has been a part of the radio show Radio Noon on CBC Radio One. He has published a series of gardening guide books titled Stuart Robertson's Tips on Organic Gardening.

Robertson died from complications of pneumonia at St. Mary's Hospital on September 23, 2009.

CBC Radio
CBC Radio is the English-language radio operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The CBC operates a number of radio networks serving different audiences and programming niches, all of which (regardless of language) are outlined below.
August Kasekamp
August Kasekamp (21 January 1889 – 3 October 1942) was an Estonian military personnel (Major-General).

August Kasekamp participated in the Estonian War of Independence as the commander of the Järva County Defence League, later as the commander of the 7th company of the 9th Infantry Regiment. From 1930 until 1933, he was the commander of Estonian Military Academy. From 1933 until 1934 he was the commanding officer of 7th Regiment. From 1934 until 1936 and from 1939 until 1940, he was deputy chief of General Staff. In 1940, he was transferred to Soviet Army. In 1941 he was arrested by the NKVD and died in the Gulag camp system in Saratov Oblast in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Kasekamp's son Päivo Kasekamp was the pastor of the Tartu Methodist Congregation, and his grandson Andres Kasekamp is a professor of Baltic politics at the Chair of International Relations at the University of Tartu.

Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the Estonian Liberation War, and War of Freedom  in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr. The campaign was the struggle of the newly established democratic state of Estonia for independence in the aftermath of World War I. It resulted in a victory for Estonia and was concluded in the 1920 Treaty of Tartu.
Deaths in October 2023
The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2023.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Ágnes Mutina
Ágnes Mutina (born 19 April 1988 in Miskolc, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) is a female Hungarian swimmer, who competed three times for her native country at the Summer Olympics; in 2004, 2008 and 2012.

In 2010 at the European Championships held in her home country she came fourth in the 4×100 m freestyle and became European champion as part of the 4×200 m freestyle relay team.

Miskolc
Miskolc (UK: /ˈmiːʃkɒlts/ MEESH-kolts, US: /ˈmɪʃkoʊlts/ MISH-kohlts; Hungarian: [ˈmiʃkolt͡s] ⓘ; Czech and Slovak: Miškovec; German: Mischkolz; Yiddish: Mishkoltz; Romanian: Mișcolț) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 143,502 as of 2024, Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary, behind Budapest, Debrecen, and Szeged. It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.