hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Winsorizing
Winsorizing or winsorization is the transformation of statistics by limiting extreme values in the statistical data to reduce the effect of possibly spurious outliers. It is named after the engineer-turned-biostatistician Charles P. Winsor (1895–1951). The effect is the same as clipping in signal processing.

The distribution of many statistics can be heavily influenced by outliers, values that are 'way outside' the bulk of the data. A typical strategy to account for, without eliminating altogether, these outlier values is to 'reset' outliers to a specified percentile (or an upper and lower percentile) of the data.  For example, a 90% winsorization would see all data below the 5th percentile set to the 5th percentile, and all data above the 95th percentile set to the 95th percentile. Winsorized estimators are usually more robust to outliers than their more standard forms, although there are alternatives, such as trimming (see below), that will achieve a similar effect.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Alphazone
Alphazone is a German hard trance group from Braunschweig, comprising Alex Zwarg and Arne Reichelt. The group was formed in 1995. In 1996 they released their first single - "Overload". In 2001 they became popular with their remix of DJ Kim's "Jetlag" track and in the following years they released several successful singles.

Aliases: Overload, Saturator, Saltwater, D-Mention, Pump Machine, Nightflight, Nebulus, Geoffrey Whiteman, Aramanja, Bias Bros., Crusader.

Hard trance
Hard trance is a subgenre of trance music that originated in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands in the early 1990s as the Breakbeat hardcore production community began to diversify into new and different styles of electronic music, all influenced by hard house, new beat, happy hardcore and jungle music. The popularity of hard trance peaked during the late 1990s and has since faded in favor of newer forms of trance.

Hard trance is often characterized by strong, hard (or even downpitch) kicks, fully resonant basses and an increased amount of reverberation applied to the main beat. Melodies vary from 140 to 180 BPM and it can feature plain instrumental sound in early compositions, with the latter ones tending to implement side-chaining techniques from progressive trance on digital synthesizers.

Hard trance was the final form of progressive trance to hit the mainstream. It eventually morphed into hardstyle, jumpstyle and gabber. Its mainstream popularity decreased in the mid-2000s.
Gilles (2008 film)
Gilles is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Constant Mentzas and released in 2008. The film stars Hélène Loiselle as an elderly woman who has spent her life caring for her developmentally disabled son Gilles (Réjean Lefrançois), but who is now terminally ill and struggling to prepare him for the day he will have to move into assisted living.

The film was the last significant acting role for Loiselle, one of Quebec's major actresses of the 20th century, before her own death in 2013.

The film was a Genie Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 30th Genie Awards in 2010.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian live action short film. Formerly part of the Genie Awards, since 2012 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the award was not always presented at every Genie Award ceremony. In years when the award was not presented, a single award was instead presented for Best Theatrical Short Film, inclusive of both animated and live-action shorts. Under current Academy regulations, the awards for live action and animated shorts can be collapsed into a single award if either category receives two or fewer eligible submissions, but remain separate if both categories surpass two submissions.
Michaela Shiloh
Michaela Shiloh (born January 25, 1992), known professionally as Mickey Shiloh, is an American songwriter and singer. She was signed to Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins from 2009 to 2011, during and after which he co-write songs for Janet Jackson, Pitbull, Britney Spears, Cassie Ventura, Travis Garland, Jake Miller and Christina Milian.

Soundz
Kenneth Charles Coby (born August 1, 1983), known professionally as Soundz, is an American record producer from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He has been credited with production work on commercially successful recordings in hip hop and R&B, often in collaboration with fellow producer and mentor, Tricky Stewart. These include the Billboard Hot 100-top 50 singles "Confident" by Justin Bieber, "Love in This Club, Pt. II" by Usher, and "Throw Sum Mo" by Rae Sremmurd, as well as other charting singles including "Foreign" by Trey Songz, "Go Girl" by Pitbull, and "The Body" by Wale.
North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy
The North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy was an American organization established in 1936. It was an umbrella organization for ethnic groups and trade unions that donated money, medical necessities, and food to Spain through it. These donations were sent to the Spanish Loyalists during the Spanish Civil War.

It was identified as a communist front organization linked to the Communist Party USA. The historian Peter N. Carroll describes the organization as a "Popular Front organization that attracted Communists and Christians alike."

Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Republican faction (Spanish: Bando republicano), also known as the Loyalist faction (Bando leal) or the Government faction (Bando gubernamental), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction of the military rebellion. The name Republicans (republicanos) was mainly used by its members and supporters, while its opponents used the term Rojos (Reds) to refer to this faction due to its left-leaning ideology, including communist and anarchist groups, and the support it received from the Soviet Union.
At the beginning of the war, the Republicans outnumbered the Nationalists by ten-to-one, but by January 1937 that advantage had dropped to four-to-one.
1985 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1985 Davis Cup.

12 teams entered the Eastern Zone in total, with the winner promoted to the following year's World Group. New Zealand defeated South Korea in the final and qualified for the 1986 World Group.

New Zealand Davis Cup team
The New Zealand men's national tennis team represents New Zealand in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by Tennis New Zealand.

New Zealand currently compete in Group II of the Asia/Oceania Zone.  They have played in the World Group on 8 occasions, the most recent of which was in 1991.  They reached the semifinals in 1982.
Dependent statement
In grammar, a dependent statement is a statement converted into a noun clause, normally, in English, by the addition of that at the beginning, and made dependent on another clause (e.g. as subject or object). For example, the statement I had saved his brother appears as object of the verb knew in the following quotation:

I would he knew that I had saved his brother! (Shakespeare).

The statement They were unprepared is made subject of is in the following:

That they were unprepared is obvious.

Further examples:

Methoughts that I had broken from the Tower (Shakespeare).

His majesty hath straitly given in charge that no man shall have private conference, of what degree soever, with his brother (Shakespeare).

You shall confess that you are both deceived in a good way (Shakespeare).

Content clause
In grammar, a content clause is a dependent clause that provides content implied or commented upon by an independent clause. The term was coined by Danish linguist Otto Jespersen. Content clauses have also traditionally been called noun clauses or nominal clauses, but current linguistics tends to view those names as misnomers and prefers content clause.: 91
Cellini (play)
Cellini is a 2001 play by American playwright John Patrick Shanley. It is based on the process that the sculptor Benvenuto Cellini went through in order to create his mid-16th century work Perseus with the Head of Medusa.

Benvenuto Cellini
Benvenuto Cellini (/ˌbɛnvəˈnjuːtoʊ tʃɪˈliːni, tʃɛˈ-/, Italian: [beɱveˈnuːto tʃelˈliːni]; 3 November 1500 – 13 February 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, and author. His best-known extant works include the Cellini Salt Cellar, the sculpture of Perseus with the Head of Medusa, and his autobiography, which has been described as "one of the most important documents of the 16th century".
Kolpotocheirodon
Kolpotocheirodon is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are endemic to the uppermost Paraná, Paraguaçu and São Francisco basins in the central Brazilian Plateau. They feed on small invertebrates. Kolpotocheirodon reach up to around 3 cm (1.2 in) in standard length. Both species in the genus are considered threatened by Brazil's Ministry of the Environment.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Alliance for the Republic (Senegal)
The Alliance for the Republic–Yakaar (French: Alliance pour la république, APR) is a political party in Senegal. It was formed by former Prime Minister and 4th president Macky Sall after his departure from the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS) in December 2008. Macky Sall was also APR's candidate in the 2012 presidential election in which he defeated incumbent President Abdoulaye Wade. APR was joined by several former members of the PDS.

It is the dominant partner in the United in Hope coalition, which has held a majority in the National Assembly until 25 September 2022 when Aminata Touré announced she would no longer sit with the majority in the Assembly, accusing President Sall of promoting Amadou Mame Diop as president of the National Assembly due to "familial ties".

2012 Senegalese presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Senegal on 26 February 2012, amidst controversy over the constitutional validity of a third term for incumbent president Abdoulaye Wade. In the runoff on 25 March, Macky Sall defeated the incumbent president. The 2015 documentary film Incorruptible chronicles both campaigns as well as the youth movement Y'en a Marre, which led protests against Wade's administration.
Joachim of Osogovo
Joachim of Osogovo (Bulgarian: Йоаким Осоговски) or Joachim Osogovski  was a Bulgarian hermit, now a saint, a contemporary of Gabriel of Lesnovo and Prohor of Pčinja. Joachim was named after a mountain, the Osogovo, no differently than Prohor Pčinjski who, too, was named after a mountain, Pčinja.

When Joachim of Osogovo and Prohor of Pčenja were elevated to sainthood at Staro Nagoričane in the church of St. George (built by King Stefan Milutin), the Bulgarian Orthodox Church was the first of that era to foster the cults of holy monks and hermits.

His feast day is celebrated on the 16th of August (Julian calendar).

Bulgarian Orthodox Church
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Bulgarian: Българска православна църква, romanized: Bûlgarska pravoslavna cûrkva), legally the Patriarchate of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Българска патриаршия, romanized: Bûlgarska patriarshiya), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox jurisdiction based in Bulgaria. It is the first medieval recognised patriarchate outside the Pentarchy and the oldest Slavic Orthodox church, with some 6 million members in Bulgaria and between 1.5 and 2 million members in a number of other European countries, Asia, the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand. It was recognized as autocephalous in 1945 by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
David di Donatello for Best Visual Effects
The David di Donatello for Best Visual Effects (Italian: David di Donatello per i migliori effetti visivi VFX) is an award presented annually by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano since 2004. It was presented as the David di Donatello for Best Special Visual Effects (Italian: David di Donatello per i migliori effetti speciali visivi) from 2004 to 2012 and the David di Donatello for Best Digital Effects (Italian: David di Donatello per i migliori effetti digitali) from 2013 to 2018.

Víctor Pérez (director)
Víctor Raúl Pérez Raya, born 11 February 1981, is a Spanish film director, producer and digital film compositor who has worked on a number of Hollywood films, including The Dark Knight Rises, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Les Miserables and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides.
Next Cabinet of Yoshihiko Noda
Yoshihiko Noda assumed the position of President of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan after being elected to the position on 23 September 2024, beating party founder Yukio Edano, incumbent president Kenta Izumi, and freshman lawmaker Harumi Yoshida after the expiration of Izumi's three-year mandate. Noda appointed his Next Cabinet on 30 September 2024. As of November 2025, there have been two minor reshuffles in November 2024 and August 2025, and one major reshuffle in September 2025; it has shadowed the Ishiba I, Ishiba II, and Takaichi cabinets since its formation. The CDP merged with Komeito in the House of Representatives in January 2026, forming the Centrist Reform Alliance. The Cabinet dissolved following Noda's resignation as CRA co-leader on 9 February 2026, which was prompted by the party's dismal result in the 2026 general election.

2024 Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan presidential election
The 2024 Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan presidential election was held on 23 September 2024 in accordance with the end of the presidential term which had commenced in 2021.

The election was contested by four candidates: incumbent party president Kenta Izumi, party founder Yukio Edano, former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda, and first-term legislator Harumi Yoshida. Izumi and Yoshida were eliminated in the first round. Noda then defeated Edano in the runoff ballot.
Deshaies (surname)
Deshaies is a French surname.  Notable people with this name include:

Arthur Deshaies (1920–2011), American printmaker and painter

Bernard Deshaies (born 1953), Canadian politician

Brodie Deshaies (born 1999), American politician

Jim Deshaies (born 1960), American baseball pitcher and television broadcaster

Josée Deshaies, French-Canadian cinematographer

Raymond J. Deshaies (born 1961), American biochemist

Raymond J. Deshaies
Raymond Joseph Deshaies (born September 25, 1961) is an American biochemist and cell biologist.  He is a board director or member of the scientific advisory board of several biotechnology companies and an external affiliate at California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Previously, he was distinguished fellow and senior vice president of global research at Amgen.  Prior to that, he was a professor of biology at Caltech and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.  He is also the co-founder of the biotechnology companies Proteolix and Cleave Biosciences.  His research focuses on mechanisms and regulation of protein homeostasis in eukaryotic cells, with a particular focus on how proteins are conjugated with ubiquitin and degraded by the proteasome.
Pre-Cana
Pre-Cana is a course or consultation for couples preparing to be married in a Catholic church. The name is derived from John 2:1–12, the Wedding at Cana in Galilee, where Jesus performed the miracle of turning water into wine.

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) is the episcopal conference of the Catholic Church in the United States. Founded in 2001 after the merger of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB) and United States Catholic Conference (USCC), the USCCB is a registered corporation based in Washington, D.C.

As with all bishops' conferences, certain decisions and acts of the USCCB must receive the recognitio, or approval, of the Roman dicasteries, which are subject to the immediate and absolute authority of the Pope.

As of November 2025, the USCCB president is Archbishop Paul S. Coakley of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City. The vice president is Bishop Daniel E. Flores of the Diocese of Brownsville.
Coby Electronics Corporation
Coby Electronics Corporation was an American manufacturer of consumer electronics products headquartered in Lake Success, New York, with offices and factories around the world (including the United States, Mexico, and China). With the joint efforts of Coby Electronics Co. of Hong Kong and Coby Electronics Corp. of the United States, the products reached consumers in Asia, North America, South America and Europe; however, the company mostly sold in Europe and the United States. Coby also served as an OEM manufacturer for brands including Samsung, NEC, RadioShack's Presidian brand and Hyundai. Its products are still available today.

Coby closed in June 2013 due to financial trouble. Gordon Brothers Group acquired all assets of Coby Electronics, in August 2013, resuming sales. Gordon Brothers Group purchase did not include liabilities such as customer warranties.

NEC
NEC Corporation (日本電気株式会社, Nippon Denki Kabushiki gaisha; an acronym for the Nippon Electric Company) is a Japanese multinational information technology corporation headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) platform, and telecommunications equipment and software to business enterprises, communications services providers and to government agencies. It is one of the five largest defense contractors in Japan.

NEC was one of the world's largest personal computer and semiconductor manufacturers from the 1980s to the 2000s, but has largely withdrawn from manufacturing since the beginning of the 21st century, having spun off its PC business to Lenovo and its semiconductor business to Renesas Electronics and Elpida Memory.

NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group.
1 Chronicles 9
1 Chronicles 9 is the ninth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter contains list of Jerusalem's inhabitants in the post-exilic period (verses 1–34), and closes with the family of Saul (verses 35–44), an almost literal repetition of the list of descendants in 1 Chronicles 8:29–38. The first part of the chapter (verses 1–34) belongs to the section focusing on the list of genealogies from Adam to the lists of the people returning from exile in Babylon (1 Chronicles 1:1 to 9:34), whereas the second part (verses 35–44)  belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30).

Priestly divisions
The priestly divisions or sacerdotal courses (Hebrew: מִשְׁמָר mishmar) are the groups into which kohanim "priests" were divided for service in the Temple in Jerusalem in ancient Judea.

The 24 priestly divisions are first listed in 1 Chronicles 24.
Wight and Wight
Wight and Wight, known also as Wight & Wight, was an architecture firm in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, consisting of the brothers Thomas and William Wight. The firm designed several landmark buildings in Missouri and Kansas.

The brothers worked for McKim, Mead and White for 10 years.  Thomas moved to Kansas City in 1904 and joined a firm with Edward T. Wilder.  William joined the firm in 1911 and Wilder retired in 1916.

The firm achieved its greatest in fame in the late 1920s and early 1930s creating large Neoclassical structures which have become Kansas City landmarks.

Liberty, Missouri
Liberty is a city in and the county seat of Clay County, Missouri, United States and is a suburb of Kansas City, located in the Kansas City Metro Area. As of the 2020 United States census the population was 30,167. Liberty is home to William Jewell College and the historic Liberty Jail.
1990 Milan–San Remo
The 1990 Milan–San Remo was the 81st edition of the Milan–San Remo cycle race and was held on 17 March 1990. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Gianni Bugno of the Chateau d'Ax team.

For 34 years the 1990 race remained the fastest edition of Milan–San Remo at an average speed of 45.806 km/h (28.463 mph). This was surpassed by the 2024 edition won by Jasper Philipsen.

Chateau d'Ax (cycling team)
Chateau d'Ax was an Italian professional cycling team that existed from 1983 to 1993, when it was succeeded by Team Polti. Among its various sponsors was Chateau d'Ax, an Italian furniture manufacturer.
HNoMS Brage
Two ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy have borne the name HNoMS Brage, after the Norse skaldic god Bragi:

HNoMS Brage (1878) was a Vale-class Rendel gunboat. She was launched in 1878, captured by the Germans in 1940, returned to Norway in 1945 and scrapped shortly thereafter.

HNoMS Brage (N49) was the ex-American Auk-class minesweeper USS Triumph (AM-323). She was launched on 25 February 1943, transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 27 January 1961, and scrapped in 1978.

HNoMS Brage (1878)
HNoMS Brage was a Vale-class Rendel gunboat built for the Royal Norwegian Navy at Horten Naval Yard in 1874, with build number 58. She was one of a class of five gunboats - the other ships in the class were Vale, Nor, Uller and Vidar.

Brage was, in addition to the heavy, muzzle-loading main gun, armed with a small 'Quick Fire' gun and a 37mm Hotchkiss Revolving Cannon (broadly similar to the Gatling gun).

Later Brage, like her sister ships, was rebuilt as a minelayer, and she served in this role when the Germans invaded in 1940. She was captured by German forces after the surrender of Norwegian forces in Southern Norway, and returned to Norway after the war.
Hummingbird (Seals & Crofts song)
"Hummingbird" is a song by American soft rock duo Seals and Crofts, released as a single in 1973. It was the second single and opening track from their fourth studio album, Summer Breeze, the follow-up to the LP's title track.

Soft rock
Soft rock (also known as light rock, mellow rock or adult-oriented rock) is a form of rock music that originated in the late 1960s in the United States and the United Kingdom which smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, melodic songs with big, lush productions. Soft rock was prevalent on the radio throughout the 1970s and eventually metamorphosed into a form of the synthesized music of adult contemporary in the 1980s.