hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bjørn Heidenstrøm
Bjørn Olav Heidenstrøm (born 15 January 1968) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He represented Norway internationally at youth levels U15, U16 and U19.

After the end of his professional career, he worked administratively for the football club Vålerenga. He also attained fame after being featured in several iterations of Championship Manager, a football-management simulation video game series.

In June 2009, Heidenstrøm embarked on a journey by bicycle from Norway to Cape Town, South Africa, to raise awareness for the plight of refugees. Along the way he collected football shirts, which were stitched together to form a huge football shirt that was unveiled at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa in June 2010.

Vålerenga Fotball
Vålerenga Fotball (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɽɛŋɑ] ⓘ) is a Norwegian professional football club from Oslo, and a part of the multi-sport club Vålerengens IF. The club currently competes in the Eliteserien after being promoted from the Norwegian First Division in 2024. Founded in 1913, the club is named after the neighbourhood of Vålerenga. Vålerenga's home ground is Intility Arena, located in Valle-Hovin. Vålerenga are five-time league champions and four-time Norwegian Football Cup champions, having last won the league in 2005 and the cup in 2008. Vålerenga is generally considered to be the largest football club in Oslo, and they are known for their loyal supporters.
Réseau plate
A Réseau plate is a transparent sheet of glass or plastic engraved with a grid of crosshatches called fiducial markers. It was commonly used in film cameras (before the advent of digital cameras) for scientific and technical photography. The plate is placed at the focal plane of the camera just in front of the film. When the frame is exposed the fiducial markers scatter incoming light, creating a permanent shadow on the negative.

The fiducial markers on a Réseau plate are sometimes called reticles. The Latin root of fiducial means trust, confidence; fiducial markers are trustworthy reference points. The Latin root of reticle means small meshwork bag, small net; a grid of reticles has a net-like appearance.

Cardinal point (optics)
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points. For simple cases where the medium on both sides of an optical system is air or vacuum, four cardinal points are sufficient: the two focal points and either the principal points or the nodal points. The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately determined with simple calculations.
Landvik
Landvik is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway. The 223.1-square-kilometre (86.1 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1971. The municipality's area is now located in the western and central part of the present-day municipality of Grimstad. The administrative centre was the village of Roresanden, just up the hill from the Landvik Church. Other villages in Landvik include Molland, Reddal, Skiftenes, Tjore, and Østerhus. Today, the name Landvik is still used to designate the westernmost part of the municipality of Grimstad, near the Prestegårdskogen housing development.

Prestegjeld
A prestegjeld was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway (Den Norske Kirke) roughly equivalent to a parish. This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012.
Martyn Godfrey
Martyn Godfrey (April 17, 1949 — March 10, 2000) was an English-Canadian author of children's fantasy and science fiction books. Born in Birmingham, England, he moved to Toronto, Ontario when he was eight. Godfrey graduated from University of Alberta in 1974 with a teacher education degree.

Godfrey began writing children's stories in the 1980s. In 1989, he was the Edmonton Public Library's writer-in-residence, and that same year won the Geoffrey Bilson Award for his book, Mystery in the Frozen Lands. He became one of Canada's most popular and prolific children's writers. He went on to sell millions of books, both in Canada and throughout the rest of the world.

In 2000, he died of complications due to liver disease. After his death, the Young Alberta Book Society began presenting an annual Martyn Godfrey Young Writers Award in his name.

Liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
Hersonissos
Hersonissos (Greek: Χερσόνησος, meaning “peninsula”, Chersónisos, pronounced [xerˈsonisos], also transliterated as Chersonissos and Hersónisos, nicknamed Cherso) is a town and a local government unit in the north of Crete, bordering the Mediterranean / Aegean Sea. The town is about 25 kilometers east of Heraklion and west of Agios Nikolaos. What is usually called Hersonissos is in fact its peninsula and harbour. It is part of the Heraklion regional unit. It is situated 25 km from the Heraklion airport and 27 km from the Heraklion port. The seat of the local government unit is the village of Gournes.

Britomartis
Britomartis (/brɪtoʊˈmɑːrtɪs/;Ancient Greek: Βριτόμαρτις) was a Greek goddess of mountains, nets, and hunting who was primarily worshipped on the island of Crete. She was sometimes described as a nymph, but she was more commonly conflated or syncretized with the goddesses Artemis, Athena, and Aphaea. She is also known as Dictynna, Dicte, Dictymna, or as a daughter of Dictynna (Δίκτυννα).

In the 16th century, Edmund Spenser named a character identified with English military prowess as "Britomart" in his knightly epic The Faerie Queene. This subsequently led to a number of appearances of "Britomart" figures in British art and literature.
Zaragoza barracks bombing
A car bomb attack was carried out by the Basque separatist organisation ETA on 11 December 1987. A vehicle containing 250 kilograms (550 lb) of ammonal was parked beside the main Guardia Civil barracks in the city of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain; its explosion killed 11 people, including 5 children. Another 88 people were injured, the majority of them civilians.

The attack came almost six months after ETA had killed 21 people and injured 45 more in a car bomb attack on a Hipercor shopping centre in Barcelona. Most of those killed were women and children who were burnt by the high temperatures the explosion provoked.

Responsibility for the attack was placed on the Argala Commando Unit, an itinerant unit composed of French citizens who immediately returned to France after committing the attacks. Those involved in the attacks and those responsible for their planning were detained in a number of police operations during 1989 and 1992.

Explosion
An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases. Explosions may also be generated by a slower expansion that would normally not be forceful, but is not allowed to expand, so that when whatever is containing the expansion is broken by the pressure that builds as the matter inside tries to expand, the matter expands forcefully. An example of this is a volcanic eruption created by the expansion of magma in a magma chamber as it rises to the surface. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known as detonations and travel through shock waves. Subsonic explosions are created by low explosives through a slower combustion process known as deflagration.
Longipteryx
Longipteryx is a genus of prehistoric bird which lived during the Early Cretaceous (Aptian stage, 120.3 million years ago). It contains a single species, Longipteryx chaoyangensis. Its remains have been recovered from the Jiufotang Formation at Chaoyang in Liaoning Province, China. Apart from the holotype IVPP V 12325 - a fine and nearly complete skeleton — another entire skeleton (IPPV V 12552), some isolated bones (a humerus and furcula, specimens IPPV V 12553, and an ulna, IPPV V 12554) and many other specimens are known to date.

The name Longipteryx means "one with long feathers", from Latin longus, "long" + Ancient Greek pteryx (πτέρυξ), "wing", "feather" or "pinion". The specific name chaoyangensis is from the Latin for "from Chaoyang".

Furcula
The furcula (Latin for "little fork"; pl.: furculae) or wishbone is a forked bone found in most birds and some species of non-avian dinosaurs, and is either an interclavicle or formed by the fusion of the two clavicles. In birds, its primary function is in strengthening the thoracic skeleton to withstand the rigors of flight.
Limpet Burn
Limpet Burn is a watercourse in Aberdeenshire, Scotland whose discharge is deemed part of the North Sea coastal drainage.  Prominent geographic features in the vicinity of Limpet Burn are Megray Hill and Kempstone Hill.  Notable buildings in proximity to Limpet Burn are Ury House, Muchalls Castle and Chapel of St. Mary and St. Nathalan. Part of the watershed of Limpet Burn has been suggested by some as the site of the first recorded battle in the history of Scotland, the Battle of Mons Graupius.

Ury House
Ury House is a large ruined mansion in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, built in the Elizabethan style in 1885 by Sir Alexander Baird, 1st Baronet. It is situated on the north-east coast about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Stonehaven in the former county of Kincardineshire.
Huang Xianzhang
Huang Xianzhang (simplified Chinese: 黄显章; traditional Chinese: 黃顯章; 1744–1817), courtesy name Dawen (traditional: 達文) and art name Pu Tingweng (traditional: 樸亭翁), was a native of Xinhui County, Guangdong Province. He was a politician of the Qing Dynasty, a fellow Jinshi, and a professor of Chaozhou Prefecture.

Art name
An art name (pseudonym or pen name), also known by its native names hào (in Mandarin Chinese), gō (in Japanese), ho (in Korean), and tên hiệu (in Vietnamese), is a professional name used by artists, poets and writers in the Sinosphere. The word and the concept originated in China, where it was used as nicknames for the educated, then became popular in other East Asian countries (especially in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the former Kingdom of Ryukyu).

In some cases, artists adopted different pseudonyms at different stages of their career, usually to mark significant changes in their life. Extreme practitioners of this tendency were Tang Yin of the Ming dynasty, who had more than ten hao, Hokusai of Japan, who in the period 1798 to 1806 alone used no fewer than six, and Kim Chŏnghŭi of the Joseon Dynasty who had up to 503.
Leo Burnett Worldwide
Leo Burnett Worldwide, Inc., also known as Leo Burnett Company, Inc., is an American advertising company, founded on August 5, 1935, in Chicago by Leo Burnett.

In September 2002, the company was acquired by Publicis Groupe, the world's third largest advertising agency holding group and one of the largest agency networks.

Advertising agency
An advertising agency, often referred to as a creative agency or an ad agency, is a business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising and sometimes other forms of promotion and marketing for its clients. An ad agency is generally independent of the client; it may be an internal department or agency that provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the client's products or services, or an outside firm. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and promotions for its clients, which may include sales as well.

Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and private agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce television advertisements, radio advertisements, online advertising, out-of-home advertising, mobile marketing, and AR advertising, as part of an advertising campaign.
Elisabete Matos
Maria Elisabete da Silva Duarte Matos GOIH OIH (born 6 September 1964) is a Portuguese soprano and politician. In January 2022 she was elected to the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic as a member of the Socialist Party, representing the Braga constituency.

Teatro Nacional de São Carlos
The Teatro Nacional de São Carlos (Portuguese pronunciation: [tiˈatɾu nɐsiuˈnal dɨ sɐ̃w ˈkaɾluʃ]) (National Theatre of Saint Charles) is an opera house in Lisbon, Portugal. It was opened on June 30, 1793 by Queen Maria I as a replacement for the Tejo Opera House, which was destroyed in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The theatre is located in the historical center of Lisbon, in the Chiado district.

The house has a seating capacity of 844 seats.
Kom Glacier
Kom Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Ком, romanized: lednik Kom, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈkɔm]) is the 10 km long and 8 km wide glacier on the west side of Hemimont Plateau, Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is situated south of Forbes Glacier and north of Swithinbank Glacier, drains westwards between Mercury Ridge and Zhefarovich Crag, and flows into Square Bay next north of Swithinbank Glacier.

The glacier is named after Kom Peak in Western Balkan Mountains.

Fallières Coast
The Fallières Coast is that portion of the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between the head of Bourgeois Fjord and Cape Jeremy and lies on Marguerite Bay and the Wordie Ice Shelf. On the south it is joined by Rymill Coast, and in the north by Loubet Coast. Fallières Coast was first explored in January 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under J.B. Charcot, who named it for Armand Fallières, then President of France.
Plesiotherapy
Plesiotherapy is a radiation therapy modality in which a source of ionizing radiation is placed in contact with the exterior surface of the body.

This is as distinguished from teletherapy in which radiation is projected by the source from a distance, from brachytherapy in which one or more sealed sources of radiation are placed inside the body, and from radiopharmaceutical therapy in which a source is introduced into the body, but that source is unsealed.

In contrast with teletherapy, where the distance between the source and the patient is exploited to produce a shallow fall-off of beam intensity with depth; in plesiotherapy, the source geometry is exploited to produce a dose fall-off that is steep, for treating superficial areas.

One example of plesiotherapy is use of the 90Sr eye applicator in the treatment of pterygium.

Radiopharmaceutical
Radiopharmaceuticals, or medicinal radiocompounds, are a group of pharmaceutical drugs containing radioactive isotopes. Radiopharmaceuticals can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Radiopharmaceuticals emit radiation themselves, which is different from contrast media which absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound. Radiopharmacology is the branch of pharmacology that specializes in these agents.

The main group of these compounds are the radiotracers used to diagnose dysfunction in body tissues. While not all medical isotopes are radioactive, radiopharmaceuticals are the oldest and remain the most common of such drugs.
Putting It Together: Direct from Broadway
Putting It Together: Direct from Broadway is a 2001 film of the Broadway production of the musical revue Putting It Together as captured live in performance on Broadway featuring the show's original Broadway cast. The show was captured at Broadway's Ethel Barrymore Theatre in New York City February 20, 2000, utilizing multiple high-definition cameras by Broadway Worldwide.

The film was released October 14, 2001, on cable and satellite pay-per-view channels in the U.S., Canada, and Latin America. The program was released on DVD and VHS February 26, 2002, by Good Times Video, with a DVD re-release December 12, 2006, by Image Entertainment. HBO bought the program in December 2002 for a two-year contract on the network.

GoodTimes Entertainment
GT Media, Inc. was an American home video company that originated in 1984 under the name of GoodTimes Home Video. Though it produced its own titles, the company was well known due to its distribution of media from third parties and classics. The founders for the company were the brothers Kenneth, Joseph and Stanley Cayre (often referred to and credited simply as the "Cayre Brothers") of Salsoul Records. Its headquarters were in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The company had a distribution facility in Jersey City, New Jersey and a duplication facility in Bayonne, New Jersey, known as GTK Duplicating Co..

After the bankruptcy, GoodTimes' parent company was sold to Yoga-focused content company Gaiam in September 2005.
Aeolosaurini
Aeolosaurini is an extinct clade of titanosaurian dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous period of Argentina and Brazil. Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos (2011) in their cladistic analysis found Aeolosaurus, Gondwanatitan, Maxakalisaurus, Panamericansaurus and Rinconsaurus to be aeolosaurids.

Aeolosaurini is characterized by several synapomorphies of the caudal vertebrae, such as angled centra, elongate prezygapophyses, and neural arches shifted anteriorly relative to the centra. In life, their tails may have been strongly curved downward as a result of these traits, which may have increased the force exerted by the caudofemoralis longus muscle in retracting the hindlimb. Some aeolosaurins, such as Shingopana and Overosaurus, were relatively small compared to other titanosaurs, whereas others, such as Aeolosaurus maximus, were large.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Winnipeg/St. Andrews Airport
Winnipeg/St. Andrews Airport or St. Andrews Airport (ICAO: CYAV) is a general aviation facility located 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) north-northeast of Winnipeg, in the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews, Manitoba, Canada. In 2022 it was Canada's 11th busiest airport by aircraft movements.

St. Andrews Airport is primarily used for commercial operations, particularly flight training, air charters, scheduled passenger service, and air ambulances.

Scheduled passenger service is primarily provided by Northway Aviation which operates routes to small communities in Northern Manitoba.

Nav Canada provides air traffic control services at St. Andrews Airport and the surrounding area.

Northern Manitoba
Northern Manitoba (also known as NorMan or Nor-Man) is a geographic and cultural region of the Canadian province of Manitoba. Manitoba originally encompassed only a small square around the Red River Colony, but it was extended north to the 60th parallel in 1912, thus acquiring a large northern region. The region's specific boundaries vary, as "northern" communities are considered to share certain social and geographic characteristics, regardless of latitude.
Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah of Johor
Sultan Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah was Sultan of Johor from 1615 to 1623. Before he became sultan of Johor, Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah was also known as Raja Bongsu, Raja Seberang or Raja di Hilir. Kota Seberang was described as the personal "fiefdom" of Raja Bongsu by Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge. He controlled the settlement which was located almost straight across the Johor River from the royal administrative center and capital Batu Sawar. He is also said to have controlled areas around the Sambas River on the island of Borneo.

Portuguese Malacca
Portuguese control of Malacca—a city on the Malay Peninsula—spanned a 130 year period from 1511 to 1641 as a possession of the Portuguese East Indies. It was captured from the Malacca Sultanate as part of Portuguese attempts to gain control of trade in the region. Although multiple attempts to conquer it were repulsed, the city was eventually lost to an alliance of Dutch and regional forces, thus beginning a period of Dutch rule.
Nicholas Nickleby (1912 film)
Nicholas Nickleby is a 1912 American silent short drama film directed by George Nichols, adapted from Charles Dickens' 1839 novel of the same name. The two-reel film stars Harry Benham in the title role and Mignon Anderson.

Nicholas Nickleby was produced by the Thanhouser Company, which had previously produced versions of Dickens' David Copperfield and The Old Curiosity Shop in 1911.

The Old Curiosity Shop
The Old Curiosity Shop is the fourth novel by English author Charles Dickens; being one of his two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, from 1840 to 1841. It was so popular that New York readers reputedly stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841.

The Old Curiosity Shop was printed in book form in 1841 in two volumes. Queen Victoria read the novel that year and found it "very interesting and cleverly written".

The plot follows the journey of Nell Trent and her grandfather, both residents of The Old Curiosity Shop in London, whose lives are thrown into disarray and destitution due to the machinations of an evil moneylender and the grandfather's addiction to gambling.
HMS Tenacious
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Tenacious:

HMS Tenacious (1917) was an R-class destroyer launched in 1917 and sold in 1928.

HMS Tenacious (R45) was a T-class destroyer launched in 1943.  She was converted into a Type 16 frigate between 1951 and 1952 and was scrapped in 1965.

S and T-class destroyer
The S and T class was a class of sixteen destroyers of the Royal Navy launched in 1942–1943. They were built as two flotillas, known as the 5th and 6th Emergency Flotilla, and they served as fleet and convoy escorts in World War II.