hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rate of climb
In aeronautics, the rate of climb (RoC) is an aircraft's vertical speed, that is the positive or negative rate of altitude change with respect to time. In most ICAO member countries, even in otherwise metric countries, this is usually expressed in feet per minute (ft/min); elsewhere, it is commonly expressed in metres per second (m/s). The RoC in an aircraft is indicated with a vertical speed indicator (VSI) or instantaneous vertical speed indicator (IVSI).

The temporal rate of decrease in altitude is referred to as the rate of descent (RoD) or sink rate. 
A negative rate of climb corresponds to a positive rate of descent: RoD = −RoC.

Minute
A minute is a unit of time defined as equal to 60 seconds.
It is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but is accepted for use with SI. The SI symbol for minutes is min (without a dot). The prime symbol ′ is also sometimes used informally to denote minutes.

In the UTC time standard, a minute on rare occasions has 61 seconds, a consequence of leap seconds; there is also a provision to insert a negative leap second, which would result in a 59-second minute, but this has never happened in more than 40 years under this system.
Marcel Barbeau
Marcel Barbeau, OC OQ RCA (February 18, 1925 – January 2, 2016) was a Canadian painter, sculptor, and graphic and performance artist who used different forms of abstraction and art techniques and technology to express himself.

Paul-Émile Borduas
Paul-Émile Borduas (November 1, 1905 – February 22, 1960) was a Canadian artist known for his abstract paintings. He was the leader of the avant-garde Automatiste movement and the chief author of the Refus Global manifesto of 1948. Borduas had a profound impact on the development of the arts and of thought, both in the province of Quebec and in Canada.
Hatice Duman (table tennis)
Hatice Duman (born 12 August 1994) is a Turkish female para table tennis player of class 3 and Paralympian. She is a native of Balıkesir, Turkey.

Duman won the bronze medal at the 2012 International Para Table Tennis Tournament in Germany. She took the bronze medal in the Individual C3 event of the 2014 World Para Table Tennis Championships in Beijing, China. She became bronze medalist at the 2017 European Para Table Tennis Championships in Laško, Slovenia. She won the bronze medal at the 2018 International Tournament in  Laško, Slovenia. At the 2019 International Para Table Tennis Tournament held in Amman, Jordan, she took the bronze medal.

She participated at the 2012 and 2016 Paralympics. She obtained a quota for the 2020 Paralympics.

Balıkesir
Balıkesir (Turkish pronunciation: [baˈlɯcesiɾ]) is a city in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Balıkesir Province, which is also a metropolitan municipality. As of 2022, the population of Balıkesir Province is 1,257,590, of which 314,958 in the city proper (the urban part of the districts Altıeylül and Karesi). Between 1341 and 1922, it was the capital of Karasi.
Floyd County
Floyd County is the name of six counties in the United States:

Floyd County, Georgia, the most populous county with this name

Floyd County, Indiana, the first county founded with this name and a suburban district of the Louisville metropolitan area

Floyd County, Iowa

Floyd County, Kentucky

Floyd County, Texas

Floyd County, Virginia

Floyd County, Indiana
Floyd County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. Its county seat is New Albany. The population of the county was 80,484 as of the 2020 United States census. Floyd County has the second-smallest land area in the entire state. It was formed in the year 1819 from neighboring Clark and Harrison counties. Floyd County is part of the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Isle of Man Newspapers
Isle of Man Newspapers publishes the Isle of Man's newspapers.
They are the Isle of Man Examiner, the Isle of Man Courier and the Manx Independent. They are all weekly newspapers. Its website is www.iomtoday.co.im, as well as owning GEF.im.

The company was formerly called the Isle of Man Courier Group until its name was changed in 1992. It was owned by the Halifax Courier group until that was bought out by Johnston Press in 1994. It has been based at Publishing House, Peel Road, Douglas and was purchased by Tindle Newspapers in 2016 for 4.1M.

In 2022 the company left Peel Road, moving in to 18, Finch Road, Douglas.

Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas (Manx: Doolish, pronounced [ˈdðuːlʲəʃ]) is the capital city and largest settlement of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,677 (2021) and an area of 4.1 square miles (10.5 km2). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and on a sweeping bay of two miles (three kilometres). The River Douglas forms part of the city's harbour and main commercial port.

Douglas was a small settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century. Further population growth came in the following century, resulting during the 1860s in a staged transfer of the High Courts, the Lieutenant Governor's residence (actually located in nearby Onchan), and finally the seat of the legislature, Tynwald, to Douglas from the ancient capital, Castletown.

The city is the island's main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, and entertainment. The annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas.
2011 Prince Edward Island general election
The 2011 Prince Edward Island general election was held on October 3, 2011.

The Liberal government of Premier Robert Ghiz was elected to a second majority government, winning one seat less than they did in 2007. Ghiz himself considered 18 seats to be a marker for a strong majority. He won 22.

Health care was an important issue during the election, especially in rural areas.

The Progressive Conservatives retained their position as Official Opposition, winning five seats. Olive Crane used the issue of the Provincial Nominee Program during the election, as well as issues surrounding immigration and investments that came under investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Federal Minister Jason Kenney during the election.

Michael Currie (politician)
Michael F. Currie (born February 1, 1955, in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) is a Canadian politician, who served in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1996 to 2011. He represented the electoral district of Georgetown-St. Peters. He served in the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island as Minister of Transportation and Minister of Industry. Currie resigned his seat in the Legislative Assembly on March 28, 2011, to run as the Conservative candidate for Cardigan, in the 2011 Canadian federal election. On May 2, 2011, Currie was defeated in the federal election by Liberal incumbent Lawrence MacAulay.

In 2012, Currie partnered with the Cardigan Heritage Centre and the local branch of the Legion to initiate the establishment of a community Veteran memorial.
Kharasavey gas field
The Kharasavey gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamal Peninsula. It was discovered in 1966. Gazprom intends to start production in 2023, requiring a new pipeline to join the Yamal–Europe pipeline.

The Bovanenkovo gas field is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Kharasavey.

Yamal–Europe pipeline
The Yamal–Europe natural gas pipeline is a 4,107-kilometre-long (2,552 mi) pipeline connecting Russian natural gas fields in the Yamal Peninsula and Western Siberia with Poland and Germany, through Belarus. The Poland portion ceased operating in 2022.

In Gazprom's development project nomenclature the pipeline consists of four sections,
Bovanenkovo–Ukhta (1,200 km or 750 mi),
Ukhta–Torzhok (970 km or 600 mi),
the western section from Torzhok also confusingly named Yamal–Europe (1,660 km or 1,030 mi), and the partly parallel SRTO–Torzhok branch section (2,200 km or 1,400 mi).
Kenneth Kennholt
Kenneth Hans Kennholt (born 13 January 1965) is a Swedish former ice hockey defenceman. Kennholt mainly played for Djurgårdens IF and HV71 in the Swedish Elite League. He won four Swedish Championships during his career, three with Djurgården and one with HV71. Kennholt was drafted in 12th round, 252nd overall, by the Calgary Flames in the 1989 NHL entry draft.

1989 NHL entry draft
The 1989 NHL entry draft was the 27th NHL entry draft. It was held on June 17 at the Met Center in Bloomington, Minnesota. The Detroit Red Wings' 1989 draft has been noted as exceptionally successful, with 5,955 total NHL games played by the players selected.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Nicklas Lidström, who retired after the 2011–12 season.
Exeter City Supporters' Trust
50°43′51″N 3°31′15″W﻿ / ﻿50.7307°N 3.5208°W﻿ / 50.7307; -3.5208

The Exeter City AFC Supporters' Society, known commonly as the Exeter City Supporters' Trust and abbreviated as ECFCST, or simply The Trust; is a supporters' trust consisting of fans of Exeter City, an English professional football club based in Exeter. It is the majority shareholder of Exeter City, controlling 53.6% of the voting shares in the club. 
Since taking control, the Trust has handed over more than £1.75 million to the club.

BBC Sport
BBC Sport is the sports division of the BBC, providing national sports coverage for BBC television, radio and online. The BBC holds the television and radio UK broadcasting rights to several sports, broadcasting the sport live or alongside flagship analysis programmes such as Match of the Day, Test Match Special, Ski Sunday and Today at Wimbledon. Results, analysis and coverage is also added to the BBC Sport website and through the BBC Red Button interactive television service.
The Bay State Banner
The Bay State Banner is a weekly newspaper primarily geared toward the readership interests of the African-American community in Boston, Massachusetts. Distributed free of charge, it was founded in 1965 by Melvin B. Miller, who remained the chief editor and publisher until March 2023. In 2015, the publication celebrated its 50th anniversary serving the region's minority-oriented neighborhoods.

Notable journalists who have worked at The Bay State Banner include PBS host Gwen Ifill and NPR commentator Robin Washington. Bryant Rollins, a former reporter for The Boston Globe and a community activist and author, served as the Banner's first editor.

Gwen Ifill
Gwendolyn L. Ifill (/ˈaɪfəl/ EYE-fəl; September 29, 1955 – November 14, 2016) was an American journalist, television newscaster, and author. In 1999, she became the first African-American woman to host a nationally televised U.S. public affairs program with Washington Week in Review. She was the moderator and managing editor of Washington Week and co-anchor and co-managing editor, with Judy Woodruff, of the PBS NewsHour, both of which air on PBS. Ifill was a political analyst and moderated the 2004 and 2008 vice-presidential debates. She authored the best-selling book The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama.
Market Place (supermarket)
Market Place (formerly Market Place by Jasons, Jason's Food & Living, and Jasons ichiba) in Hong Kong is a high-end supermarket chain owned by DFI Retail Group. The chain also has a joint venture in mainland China with Beijing Hualian Group called BHG Market Place and formerly ran stores (Jasons Market Place) in Taiwan until they were sold to Carrefour. The Malaysian chain called Mercató (formerly Jasons Food Hall) is owned by Macrovalue Sdn Bhd. after its acquisition of DFI Malaysian food retailing business in 2023. Cold Storage Fresh (formerly Market Place, Jasons, and Jasons Deli) in Singapore is also owned by Macrovalue Sdn Bhd since 2025. The Marketplace (formerly Market Place by Rustan's) in the Philippines has been owned by Robinsons Retail Holdings since 2018, before which it was owned by Rustan Supercenters.

DFI also operates further similar supermarkets under the 3hreeSixty and Oliver's The Delicatessen brands in Hong Kong and other supermarkets around Asia with Wellcome.

Robinsons Retail
Robinsons Retail Holdings, Inc., trading as RRHI, is one of the largest multi-format retailers in the Philippines.

Founded by Filipino industrialist John L. Gokongwei, Jr. in 1980, Robinsons Retail started as Robinsons Department Store in Robinsons Place Manila. It expanded into supermarkets in 1985, DIY in 1994, convenience stores and specialty stores in 2000, and drugstores in 2012. Robinsons Retail also launched a chain of community malls in 2015.
Omani nationality law
Oman nationality law determines who is a citizen of Oman and who is not. Foreigners are rarely given citizenship. Like the majority of Arab countries, Oman does not allow dual citizenship, except by the Royal Decree of the Sultan.

Haitham bin Tariq
Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said (Arabic: هَيْثَم بْن طَارِق آل سَعِيد, romanized: Hayṯam ibn Ṭāriq ʾĀl Saʿīd; born 11 October 1955) is the Sultan and Prime Minister of Oman. He acceded to the throne in January 2020 after the death of his cousin, Sultan Qaboos bin Said. Prior to becoming Sultan, Haitham served for several decades under Sultan Qaboos in the Cabinet of Oman most notably as the Minister of Heritage and Culture.
Geoffrey Munn
Geoffrey Charles Munn, OBE, MVO, FSA, FLS (born 11 April 1953 in Hastings, East Sussex) is a British jewellery specialist, television presenter and writer. He is best known as one of the specialists on the BBC's Antiques Roadshow.

Mudlark
A mudlark is someone who scavenges the banks and shores of rivers for items of value, a term used especially to describe those who scavenged this way in London during the late 18th and 19th centuries. The practice of searching the banks of rivers for items continues in the modern era, with newer technology such as metal detectors sometimes being employed to search for metal valuables that may have washed ashore.
Gera I
Gera I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Thuringia. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 41. It covers the northern part of Gera.

Gera I was created in 1990 for the first state election. Originally named Gera-Nord, it was renamed in 1994. Since 2024, it has been represented by Dieter Michael Laudenbach of Alternative for Germany.

Landtag of Thuringia
The Landtag of Thuringia is the parliament of the German state of Thuringia. It convenes in Erfurt and currently consists of 88 members from five parties. According to the free state's constitution, the primary functions of the Landtag are to pass laws, elect the Minister-President and control the government of Thuringia.
Nu Gruis
ν Gruis, Latinised as Nu Gruis, is a solitary, yellow-hued star in the southern constellation of Grus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.47. The distance to this star, as determined using an annual parallax shift of 11.6 mas as seen from the Earth, is 280 light years. It is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +11 km/s.

This is an evolved G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G9 III, a star that has used up its core hydrogen and has expanded. At present it has ten times the radius of the Sun and is radiating 52 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,893 K. It has a visual magnitude 12.50 companion, not visible even through binoculars, located at an angular separation of 21.70 arc seconds along a position angle of 74°, as of 2011.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Alejandro Rodríguez Luis
Alejandro Rodríguez Luis (born 23 January 1957) is a Mexican politician from the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. From 2008 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Durango.

Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (Spanish: Partido Verde Ecologista de México, pronounced [paɾˈtiðo ˈβeɾðe ekoloˈxista ðe ˈmexiko], PVEM or PVE) is a green political party in Mexico. Founded in 1986, the party is associated with Jorge González Torres and his son Jorge Emilio González Martínez.
It has seldom received more than 10% of the vote nationwide, but in the 21st century has joined alliances with different major parties  (PAN in the federal elections of 2000,  PRI from 2003 to 2018, and most recently Morena from 2019 on).

It is not recognized as a fellow green party by the European Green Party, and is known for its heavy use of advertising, and for (at times) taking stances on issues not usually associated with the international Green movement (such as support for capital punishment and extension of school hours).
Anti-Aircraft Command
Anti-Aircraft Command (AA Command, or "Ack-Ack Command") was a British Army command of the Second World War that controlled the Territorial Army anti-aircraft artillery and searchlight formations and units defending the United Kingdom.

Command (military formation)
A command in military terminology is an organisational unit for which a military commander is responsible.  Commands, sometimes called units or formations, form the building blocks of a military.  A commander is normally specifically appointed to the role in order to provide a legal framework for the authority bestowed.  Naval and military officers have legal authority by virtue of their officer's commission, but the specific responsibilities and privileges of command are derived from the publication of appointment.

The relevant definition of 'command' according to the United States Department of Defense (US DOD) is as follows:

(DOD) 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. Also called CMD. See also area command; combatant command; combatant command (command authority).
K-Pop World Festival
The K-POP World Festival is an annual K-pop talent competition organized by South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the support of numerous government agencies. After going through a few preliminary rounds, fans of K-pop are invited by the South Korean government to take part in the final round of the competition held every year in Changwon, South Korea.

B.A.P (South Korean band)
B.A.P (Korean: 비에이피; an acronym for Best Absolute Perfect), was a South Korean boy band that was created by TS Entertainment. The group, originally consisting of Yongguk, Himchan, Daehyun, Youngjae, Jong-up, and Zelo, debuted with the song "Warrior" in 2012.

B.A.P quietly disbanded on February 18, 2019, following the group's contract expiration with TS Entertainment. In 2024, the group officially reunited under the name Bang & Jung & Yoo & Moon (Korean: 방용국&정대현&유영재&문종업) to release their next album, Curtain Call in August. Members Zelo and Himchan did not take part in the comeback as a result of Zelo's military service and Himchan's sexual assault convictions.
Ruth Dean
Ruth Josephine Dean (1902–2003) was an American scholar of Anglo-Norman literature. Throughout her career, she worked hard to establish the legitimacy of Anglo-Norman literature as a subject of study, and her definitive work, Anglo-Norman Literature: A Guide to Texts and Manuscripts (1999) has won widespread praise for its substantial contribution to the study of literature.

Anglo-Norman literature
Anglo-Norman literature is literature composed in the Anglo-Norman language and developed during the period of 1066–1204, as the Duchy of Normandy and the Kingdom of England were united in the Anglo-Norman realm.
Frkljevci
Frkljevci is a village in Požega-Slavonia County, Croatia. The village is administered as a part of the City of Pleternica.
According to national census of 2011, population of the village is 345. The village is connected by the D525 state road.

D525 road
D525 is a state road in the Slavonia region of Croatia that connects the A3 motorway's Slavonski Brod zapad (west) interchange to the D53 and D49 state roads, facilitating access from the A3 motorway to Slavonski Brod form the west and to Pleternica. The road is 25.6 km long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske Ceste, state owned company.
Lanier Paraplane Commuter 110
The 1958 Lanier Paraplane Commuter 110 or 110 Paraplane Commuter PL-8 was one of the last designs stemming from Edward H. Lanier's 1930s patents, and aircraft incorporating apertures in the upper surfaces, which claimed to give benefits in safety, lift and STOL ability.

Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.
Jaibhan Singh Pawaiya
Jaibhan Singh Pawaiya is an Indian politician and a leader of BJP. He is currently the Seh-Prabhari of BJP in Maharashtra state. He previously served as the Cabinet Minister of Higher Education in the cabinet of CM Shivraj Singh Chouhan Government. He was a member of Lok Sabha in 1999 from Gwalior. He won 2013 Madhya Pradesh Assembly election from Gwalior against Pradhuman Singh Tomar of Congress, but lost the 2018 Assembly election against Pradhuman Singh from the same constituency.

Gwalior Assembly constituency
Gwalior Assembly constituency is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 79 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Madhya Bharat state.
Hilal al-Sabi'
Abūʾl-Ḥusayn Hilāl b. Muḥassin b. Ibrāhīm  al-Ṣābīʾ  (Arabic: ابو الحسين هلال بن محسن بن ابراهيم الصابئ) (born: 358 A.H./c. 969 A.D., died: 447-448 A.H./1056 A.D.) (aged 90 lunar) was a historian, bureaucrat, and writer of Arabic.  Born into a family of Sabian bureaucrats, al-Ṣābi converted to Islam in 402-403 A.H/1012 AD.  First working under the Buyid amir Ṣamṣām al-Dawla, he later became the Director of the Chancery under Baha' al-Daula's vizier Fakhr al-Mulk.

Baha al-Dawla
Abu Nasr Firuz Kharshadh (Arabic: أبو نصر فيروز خوارشاذ; died December 22, 1012), better known by his laqab of Baha al-Dawla (Arabic: بهاء الدوله, romanized: Bahaʾ al-Dawla, lit. 'Splendour of the State') was the Buyid amir of Iraq (988–1012), along with Fars and Kerman (998–1012). His early reign was dominated by struggles with his rival relatives over control of the western Persian provinces, but by 998 he managed to establish his supremacy over the Buyid confederation. His reign nevertheless saw the increasing encroachment of neighbouring powers on Buyid territory, and marks the beginning of the decline of the Buyids' power. He was the third son of 'Adud al-Dawla.
Velure
Velure is an alternative rock and Southern rock band based in Athens, Georgia, though five of the six members (Rich, Jeff, Ben, Franher, and Darren) now reside in Atlanta, Georgia. Their music is noteworthy for their live shows, four-part harmonies, lyrical content, and diverse sound.

Southern rock
Southern rock is a subgenre of rock music and a genre of Americana. It developed in the Southern United States from rock and roll, country and blues, and is focused generally on electric guitars and vocals.