hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foster and Catchings
Foster and Catchings refers to two American economists of the 1920s, William Trufant Foster and Waddill Catchings, who worked extensively together and hence are often referred to as a pair. The two met as undergraduate classmates at Harvard University. They were the leading pre-Keynesian economists, in the underconsumptionist tradition, advocating similar issues to John Maynard Keynes such as the paradox of thrift and economic interventionism.

Waddill Catchings
Waddill Catchings (September 6, 1879 – December 31, 1967) was an American economist who collaborated with his Harvard classmate William Trufant Foster in a series of economics books that were highly influential in the United States in the 1920s.  His influential books, written with Foster, were Money (1923), Profits (1925), Business Without a Buyer (1927), The Road to Plenty (1928), and Progress and Plenty (1930). The books influenced many policy makers, including Herbert Hoover and Marriner Eccles.  Catchings graduated from Harvard.
The Home Electrical
The Home Electrical was a 1915 one-reeler promotional silent short film produced by the American company General Electric that showcased the latest electrical appliances at the time, such as washing machine, vacuum cleaner, electric car and toaster. The main character is a young man named Mr. Newhouse, who tests new household products in a house filled with technological innovations. The film is 11 minutes long. The film won two gold medals at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, a San Francisco world's fair that lasted between February 20 and December 4, 1915.

Washing machine
A washing machine (laundry machine, clothes washer, or washer) is a machine designed to launder clothing. The term is mostly applied to machines that use water. Other ways of doing laundry include dry cleaning (which uses alternative cleaning fluids and is performed by specialist businesses) and ultrasonic cleaning.

Modern-day home appliances use electric power to automatically clean clothes. The user adds laundry detergent, which is sold in liquid, powder, or dehydrated sheet form, to the wash water. The machines are also found in commercial laundromats where customers pay-per-use.
DSB class P
The class P was a series of steam locomotives of the Danish State Railways, designed by chief mechanical engineer O.F.A. Busse and introduced in 1907. With a wheel arrangement of 4-4-2 (2'B1 in UIC classification), they were well suited to express trains, and were the first steam locomotives in Denmark heavier than 100 tons. They saw service on most DSB main lines, but were at their best on the relatively level Copenhagen to Korsør and Fredericia to Esbjerg services.

Due to shortages of powerful locomotives with low axle load during World War II, seven of the class P locomotives were rebuilt to a 4-6-2 arrangement and designated class PR, starting in 1943. Two of the class P locomotives have been preserved, as well as one unit of class PR.

DSB (railway company)
DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner (pronounced [ˈtænskə ˈstɛˀtsˌpɛːnɐ], Danish State Railways), is the largest Danish train operating company. It's also the largest train operating company in Scandinavia. While DSB is responsible for passenger train operation on most of the Danish railways, goods transport and railway maintenance are outside its scope. DSB runs a commuter rail system, called the S-train, in the area around the Danish capital, Copenhagen, that connects the different areas and suburbs in the greater metropolitan area. Between 2010 and 2017, DSB operated trains in Sweden.

DSB was founded in 1885, when the state-owned companies De jysk-fynske Statsbaner and De sjællandske Statsbaner merged. DSB was established in 1885, after the state in 1867 under the name De Jutland-Fynske Statsbaner took over the private company Det Danske Jernbanedriftselskab and in 1880 they also took over the privately owned Zealand Railway Company.
Horrible Histories: The Movie – Rotten Romans
Horrible Histories: The Movie – Rotten Romans is a 2019 British historical comedy film directed by Dominic Brigstocke, based on the book series of the same name by author Terry Deary, and the television series of 2009 and 2015 on CBBC. The film production, of one of the stories, was announced in March 2016. The film is a co-production, between Altitude Film Entertainment, BBC Films and Citrus Films. It was released on 26 July 2019 to mixed reviews.

In the film, a Roman teenager is exiled to Roman Britain because one of his schemes angered the Roman emperor Nero. To his horror, the youth has to serve as a soldier against the Boudican revolt.

Terry Deary
William Terence Deary (born 3 January 1946) is a British children's author of 351 books, selling over 38 million copies in over 45 languages, best known as the writer of the Horrible Histories series. Since 1994 he has been one of Britain's best-selling authors. In 2012, he was the tenth most-borrowed author in British libraries, and was voted Outstanding Children's Non-Fiction Author of the 20th Century by Books for Keeps magazine.
Ussuriysk
Ussuriysk (Russian: Уссури́йск) is a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, in the valley of the Razdolnaya River. The city is 98 kilometers (61 mi) north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai, and about 60 kilometers (37 mi) from both the China–Russia border and the Pacific Ocean.

It was previously known as Nikolskoye (until 1898), Nikolsk-Ussuriysky (until 1935) and Voroshilov (until 1957).

Soap
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, emulsifiers, and catalysts.

Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC.
Eugene Barton
Eugene Barton (April 27, 1880 – July 3, 1922), nicknamed "Cherry", was an American Negro league outfielder between 1906 and 1910.

A native of Normal, Illinois, Barton was the younger brother of fellow Negro leaguer Sherman Barton. He joined his brother on the Leland Giants in 1906, then went on to play three seasons with the Minneapolis Keystones from 1908 to 1910. Barton died in Chicago, Illinois in 1922 at age 42.

Normal, Illinois
Normal is a town in McLean County, Illinois, United States. The population was 52,736 at the 2020 census. Normal is the smaller of two principal cities of the Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area, and is Illinois's seventh most populous community outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is home to Illinois State University and Heartland Community College.

Founded in 1865, it was renamed Normal in 1867, because the university when it began was focused on educating teachers (a normal institute), Illinois State Normal University. Chris Koos has been the mayor of Normal since 2003.
Eliya V
Mar Elīyā V (sometimes written Elia V) was the patriarch of the Church of the East from September 1502 until his death in 1504.

In April 1503 or 1504, in the monastery of Mar Yohannan the Egyptian near Gazarta, Eliya consecrated three monks from the monastery of Mar Awgin for service in India: the metropolitan bishop Yahballaha and two suffragan bishops, Denha and Yaʿqob. The patriarch sent with them Mar Thomas, who had previously gone to India in 1499. The bishops sent a detailed letter on the situation of the Church of the East in India, but it did not reach Eliya before his death.

Eliya was buried in the church of Mart Meskinta in Mosul.

Wilmhurst argues that, based on the brevity of Eliya's reign and the fact that he was not buried in Rabban Hormizd Monastery (as was the custom for Patriarchs at the time), the legitimacy of his patriarchy may not have been universally recognised by his contemporaries.

Rabban Hormizd Monastery
Rabban Hormizd Monastery (Syriac: ܪܒܢ ܗܘܪܡܝܙܕ ܥܓ̰ܡܝܐ) is an important convent to the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Chaldean Catholic Church, founded about 640 AD by the Church of the East, carved out in the mountains about 2 miles from Alqosh, Iraq, 28 miles north of Mosul. It was the official residence of the patriarchs of the Eliya line of the Assyrian Church of the East from 1551 to the 18th century, and after the union with Rome in the early 19th century, passed to becoming a prominent monastery of the Chaldean Catholic Church.

The convent is named after Rabban Hormizd (rabban is the Syriac for "monk") of the Church of the East,  who founded it in the seventh century.
2008–09 Albanian Cup
2008–09 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the fifty-seventh season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on September 24, 2008 with the First Preliminary Round and ended on May 6, 2009 with the Final. The winners of the competition qualified for the second qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League. Vllaznia were the defending champions.

The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

2009–10 UEFA Europa League
The 2009–10 UEFA Europa League was the first season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA. The competition was previously known as the UEFA Cup, which had been in existence for 38 years.

Spain's Atlético Madrid won the tournament for the first time, beating Fulham – who were playing in their first European final – at the Volksparkstadion, home ground of Hamburger SV, in Hamburg, Germany.

Shakhtar Donetsk were the defending champions, but were eliminated by eventual finalists Fulham in the round of 32.
Zephyranthes refugiensis
Zephyranthes refugiensis, the Refugio zephyrlily, is a rare plant species known from only two counties in southern Texas (Goliad and Refugio).

Zephyranthes refugiensis is a perennial herb producing bulbs. Flowers are funnel-shaped, lemon-yellow, usually solitary.

Goliad County, Texas
Goliad County (/ˈɡoʊliæd/ GOH-lee-ad) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 7,012. Its county seat is Goliad. The county is named for Father Miguel Hidalgo; "Goliad" is an anagram, minus the silent H. The county was created in 1836 and organized the next year.  Goliad County is a part of the Victoria metropolitan area.
March 711
The March 711 was a Formula One racing car, designed by Robin Herd and Geoff Ferris, for the 1971 season, and saw continued use throughout the 1972 season. It had a distinctive appearance with a front 'tea-tray' spoiler. Despite winning no races, works driver Ronnie Peterson finished runner-up in the 1971 Drivers' World Championship.

Andrea de Adamich
Andrea Lodovico de Adamich (3 October 1941 – 5 November 2025) was an Italian racing driver. He participated in 34 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, making his championship debut at the 1968 South African Grand Prix with Scuderia Ferrari. Driving for multiple other teams in the early 1970s, de Adamich scored a total of six points throughout his Formula One career. He also competed in endurance racing, and went on to become a TV pundit and commentator after his retirement from motorsport.
Junkers Profly Ultima
The Junkers Profly Ultima is a German aerobatic homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Andre Konig and produced by Junkers Profly of Kodnitz, introduced in 1993. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

By January 2014 the aircraft was no longer offered by the company.

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
2015–16 Macedonian Second Football League
The 2015–16 Macedonian Second Football League was the 24th season of the Macedonian Second Football League, the second  football division of Macedonia. It began on 15 August 2015 and ended on 14 May 2016.

Macedonian Second Football League
The Macedonian Second Football League (Macedonian: Втора македонска фудбалска лига; also called Macedonian Second League, 2. MFL and Vtora Liga) is the second-highest professional football competition in North Macedonia.

The competition is contested by 16 clubs, playing each other 2 times over 30 rounds. At the end of the season, the winner of the league along with the 2nd placed team will gain promotion to the Macedonian First League, while the 3rd placed team will go into a play-off against the 10th placed team in the Macedonian First League.
Villa Gruber De Mari
Villa Gruber De Mari was built by the noble Genoese family De Mari in the second half of the 16th century in the suburban area between the Sant'Anna and San Rocchino walkways linking the center of the city to the New Walls, in the Castelletto neighborhood of Genoa, Italy. The villa includes a 16th-century guard tower and the 17th-century former private chapel, now the Abbatial Church of Santa Maria della Sanità. The villa is located in a panoramic position within a large park, which has been opened to the public after the villa was acquired by the Municipality of Genoa in the 20th century.

Sant'Anna, Genoa
The Church of Saint Anne (Italian: Chiesa di Sant'Anna), with the adjacent convent and pharmacy of the Discalced Carmelites, is a Roman Catholic church located in the residential quarter of Castelletto in Genoa, Liguria, north-western Italy. The village - now surrounded by the city - is still intact, with its leafy trees, cobbled walkways and open views from Salita Bachernia over the Gulf of Genoa, the harbor and the Old City.
Convocom
The West Central Illinois Educational Telecommunications Corporation was incorporated on February 9, 1976.  Its membership was a consortium of Educational Institutions in West-Central Illinois.  Bradley University in Peoria, Western Illinois University in Macomb, Blackhawk Community College in Moline, and Sangamon State University in Springfield. 
Its mission was "to establish an educational television network, provide educational content, create local and public affairs programming to serve the residents and businesses of west-central Illinois". Bylaws for the corporation were approved on January 13, 1984.

The brand name Convocom was adopted in 1978 for the corporation and its offices were established on West Bradley Avenue in Peoria.

WTVP
WTVP (channel 47) is a PBS member television station in Peoria, Illinois, United States, owned by the Illinois Valley Public Telecommunications Corporation. The station's studios are located on State Street in downtown Peoria, and its transmitter is located along Interstate 474 in East Peoria.

Serving as the Peoria area's public television station since 1971, WTVP broadcasts PBS and local programming. Originally housed on studios at the campus of Bradley University but separately owned, WTVP moved to its present facility in 2003. However, borrowing costs from construction and insufficient pledge revenues led to a near-foreclosure and shutdown of the station in January 2008 by its lender. Sufficient support from the community allowed WTVP to settle its debts and remain on the air. In 2023, a financial crisis was revealed at the station following the suicide of its general manager.
Prabhabati Bose
Prabhabati Bose (née Dutta) was an Indian social activist and politician. She was born in 1869 into a respected Kayastha  Bharadwaja clan Dutta family of Hatkhola, in Calcutta North. She was the eldest daughter of Ganganarayan Dutta and Kamala Kamini Dutta of Kashinath Dutta Road, Baranagore (a suburb of Calcutta), India. Subhas Chandra Bose is her son.

In 1880, at the age of 11, she was married off to Janakinath Bose who hailed from a Kulin Bose family from the village Kodalia (located near Sonarpur).

North Kolkata
North Kolkata encompasses the northern part of Kolkata, including the city's oldest neighborhoods.

Notable areas within North Kolkata include Shyambazar, Bagbazar,  Girish Park, Kumartuli, Shobhabazar, Jorasanko, Pathuriaghata, Maniktala, Hatibagan, Kankurgachi, Ultadanga, Belgachia, Tala, Sinthee, Cossipore and Baranagar. Due to its rich cultural heritage, it is commonly referred to as "Babu Kolkata". This region is known for its old heritage buildings and temples, such as the Sovabazar Rajbari.

North Kolkata is home to several palatial structures, including Pathuriaghata Ghosh Bari, Laha Bari and Thakur Bari. This area also houses the main campuses of several universities, including the University of Calcutta, Presidency University, The Sanskrit College and University and Rabindra Bharati University.
North Pacific Fishery Management Council
The North Pacific Fishery Management Council (NPFMC) is one of eight regional councils established by the Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1976 to manage the fisheries of the United States. With jurisdiction over the 900,000-square-mile (2,300,000 km2) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off Alaska, the Council has primary responsibility for groundfish management in the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, including cod, pollock, flatfish, mackerel, sablefish, and rockfish species. Other large Alaska fisheries such as salmon, crab and herring are managed primarily by the State of Alaska.

Sablefish
The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is one of two members of the fish family Anoplopomatidae and the only species in the genus Anoplopoma. In English, common names for it include sable (US), butterfish (US), black cod (US, UK, Canada), blue cod (UK), bluefish (UK), candlefish (UK), coal cod (UK), snowfish (ปลาหิมะ; Thailand), coalfish (Canada), beshow, and skil (Canada), although many of these names also refer to other, unrelated, species. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration accepts only "sablefish" as the acceptable market name in the United States; "black cod" is considered a vernacular (regional) name and should not be used as a statement of identity for this species. The sablefish is found in muddy sea beds in the North Pacific Ocean at depths of 300 to 2,700 m (980 to 8,860 ft) and is commercially important to Japan.
Kasori Shell Mound
The Kasori Shell Mounds (加曽利貝塚, Kasori kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Sakuragi neighborhood of Wakaba ward of the city of Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, in the Kantō region of Japan. It contains the largest known shell midden found in Japan, and was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1971. Its status was raised to that of a special National Historic Site in 2017.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Sun Odyssey 409
The Sun Odyssey 409 is a French sailboat that was designed by Philippe Briand as a cruiser and first built in 2010.

A version for the yacht charter market was designated the Sunsail 41. The design replaced the Sun Odyssey 39i in the manufacturer's product line and was in turn replaced in production by the Sun Odyssey 419 in 2019.

The boat was named the "2011 - European Yacht of the Year: Family Cruiser".

The 2012 Sun Odyssey 41 DS uses the same hull design as the Sun Odyssey 409.

Spinnaker
A spinnaker is a  sail designed specifically for sailing off the wind on courses between a reach (wind at 90° to the course) to downwind (course in the same direction as the wind). Spinnakers are constructed of lightweight fabric, usually nylon, and are often brightly colored. They may be designed to perform best as either a reaching or a running spinnaker, by the shaping of the panels and seams. They are attached at only three points and said to be flown.
Rivals of Aether II
Rivals of Aether II, formerly known as Rivals 2, is a 2024 platform fighting video game that serves as a direct sequel to Rivals of Aether (2017). Unlike its predecessor, which featured 2D pixel art graphics, it is played in 2.5D and utilizes 3D models—additional mechanics are also added, including the ability to shield and grab, while mechanics such as the parry return from Rivals of Aether.

The game is intended to have improved single-player and casual-oriented content compared to Rivals of Aether, though appealing to competitive players is the primary focus of development—several mechanics were added to make the game feel more familiar to veteran players. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, via Steam, on October 23, 2024.

3D modeling
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.

Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning. Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping.
Lawrence Bensemann
Lawrence Otto Bensemann (4 March 1891 – 23 September 1969) was a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s. He played at representative level for New Zealand, and Wellington, as a forward.

Wellington rugby league team
The Wellington Rugby League Team (also known as the Wellington Orcas) are a rugby league team that represents the Wellington Rugby League in New Zealand Rugby League competitions. They currently compete in the National Competition.
AN 51
The AN 51 was a French tactical nuclear warhead used on the Pluton short range missile; the Pluton system was retired in 1992–93. The warhead was based upon the MR 50 CTC (charge tactique commune - common tactical warhead) warhead, with the same physics package as used in the AN 52 bomb. It had two yields; 10 and 25 kt.

Tactical nuclear weapon
A tactical nuclear weapon (TNW) or non-strategic nuclear weapon (NSNW) is a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on a battlefield in military situations, mostly with friendly forces in proximity and perhaps even on contested friendly territory. Generally smaller in explosive power, they are defined in contrast to strategic nuclear weapons, which are designed mostly to be targeted at the enemy interior far away from the war front against military bases, cities, towns, arms industries, and other hardened or larger-area targets to damage the enemy's ability to wage war. No tactical nuclear weapons have ever been used in combat.