hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-222
German Submarine U-222 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the F. Krupp Germaniawerft yard in Kiel as yard number 652 on 16 June 1941, launched on 28 March 1942 and commissioned on 23 May under Oberleutnant zur See Ralf von Jessen. She was part of the 8th U-boat Flotilla, a training organization.

She was lost on 2 September 1942 after a collision with U-626 in the Baltic. 42 men died; there were three survivors.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Jenn Brown
Jennifer Lynne Brown (born March 23, 1981) is an American sports broadcaster and television host. A former Division I collegiate athlete for the University of Florida, she spent eight years as a reporter and host for ESPN and American Ninja Warrior.

Brown spent two years working for the NFL Network as a studio host and reporter. She also served as a reporter for College GameDay, the College World Series, Little League World Series, Summer and Winter X Games, and the ESPYs. She was a Los Angeles-based Bureau reporter for ESPN contributing interviews and reports for ESPN’s news-gathering operation for SportsCenter, College GameDay and College Football Live. She co-hosted ESPNU's college football show RoadTrip with Jonathan Drubner.

CMT (American TV channel)
Country Music Television, often abbreviated to CMT, is an American pay TV network that launched on March 5, 1983. It is currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation through the MTV Entertainment Group unit of its networks division. CMT was the first nationally available channel devoted to country music and country music videos, with its programming also including concerts, specials, and biographies of country music stars.

Over time, the network's programming expanded to incorporate original lifestyle and reality programming, and acquired sitcoms. As of December 2023, CMT is available to approximately 56 million pay television households in the United States; down from its 2011 peak of 93 million households. The channel's headquarters are located at the Paramount Pictures lot in Los Angeles, and has additional offices in Nashville, Tennessee.
Bible Fellowship Church
Bible Fellowship Church is a conservative pietistic Christian denomination with Mennonite roots centered in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Its denominational leader Donald T. Kirkwood described the denomination as "reformed in theology, Presbyterian in polity, creedal immersionists."

Coopersburg, Pennsylvania
Coopersburg is a borough in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of Coopersburg was 2,447 as of the 2020 census. It is a suburb of Allentown and is located 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Allentown, 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, and 76 miles (122 km) west of New York City.

Coopersburg is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.
Staro-Almetevskaya Volost
Staro-Almetevskaya Volost (Tatar: ئىسكىٰ ئەلمەت ۋولىٰسىٰ, Iske Əlmət vulьsь, Иске Әлмәт вулысы; Russian: Старо-Альметевская волость) was an administrative division (a volost) of Chistopol Uyezd of the Kazan Namestnichestvo until 1796, the Kazan Governorate from 1796 to 1920, then as part of the Chistopol Canton of the Tatar ASSR from 1920 to 1930.

The administrative center was Almetevo. In 1930, the volost was abolished and most of its territory was annexed to the Bilyarsky District. Now it is located in the Nurlatsky district.

Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Tatar ASSR or TASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. The resolution for its creation was signed on 27 May 1920 and the republic was proclaimed on 25 June 1920. Kazan served as its capital.

The territory of the TASSR was a part of Kazan, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates (or gubernias) of the Imperial Russia before the October Revolution of 1917.

27 May 1920: Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

30 August 1990: Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic

16 May 1992: Republic of Tatarstan
1934 Maryland Attorney General election
The 1934 Maryland attorney general election was held on November 6, 1934, in order to elect the attorney general of Maryland. Democratic nominee Herbert O'Conor defeated Republican nominee George Henderson, Socialist nominee William A. Toole, Labor nominee Robert W. Stevens and Communist nominee Tom Pinkerton.

Labor Party of the United States
The Labor Party of the United States was a short-lived political party formed by several state-level labor parties upon the encouragement of Chicago Federation of Labor leader John Fitzpatrick. It was formed in the immediate aftermath of World War I, due in large part to deterioration in the condition of the country's workers due to the imbalance between static workers' wages and rapidly escalating prices for necessities and consumer goods.

The party quickly sought to unify the forces of the country's industrial workers with the farmers' movement and cooperative movement, as the nation's farmers had also been hit hard by declining agricultural prices during the war years and the economic interests of urban workers and rural farmers fell into alignment. On July 13, 1920, the Labor Party merged with the Committee of 48 to form the Farmer-Labor Party.
Glastonbury Cricket Club
Glastonbury Cricket Club is an English amateur cricket club based in Glastonbury, Somerset. The club's first team plays in the West of England Premier League which is an accredited ECB Premier League, the highest level for recreational club cricket in England and Wales.

Club cricket
Club cricket is a mainly amateur, but still formal form of the sport of cricket, usually involving teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. There is a great deal of variation in game format although the Laws of Cricket are observed. The main nations that club cricket is played in include Pakistan, England, Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Netherlands, Hong Kong and in some of the major cities in India. Club cricket is also now played in the United States and Canada, as both countries have large communities of immigrants from mainstream cricket-playing regions such as the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia.
Educational Technology & Society
Educational Technology & Society is a quarterly peer-reviewed open-access academic journal covering educational technology that was established in 1998. It is published by the  National Taiwan Normal University on behalf of the International Forum of Educational Technology & Society. The editors-in-chief are Maiga Chang (Athabasca University), Andreas Harrer (Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts), Yu-Ju Lan (National Taiwan Normal University), and Yu-Fen Yang (National Yunlin University of Science and Technology). The journal has no article processing charges.

Athabasca University
Athabasca University (AU) is a Canadian public university that primarily operates through online distance education. Founded in 1970, it is one of four comprehensive academic and research universities in Alberta, and was the first Canadian university to specialize in distance education.
Szydłowiec Śląski
Szydłowiec Śląski (Polish pronunciation: [ʂɨˈdwɔvjɛt͡s ˈɕlɔ̃skʲi], German: Schedlau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niemodlin, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Opole County, Opole Voivodeship
Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Opole, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Ozimek, 20 km (12 mi) east of Opole, Niemodlin, 24 km (15 mi) west of Opole, Prószków, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Opole, and Tułowice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Opole.

The county covers an area of 1,586.82 square kilometres (612.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 123,487, out of which the population of Ozimek is 8,657, that of Niemodlin is 6,315, that of Tułowice is 4,011, that of Prószków is 2,570, and the rural population is 101,934.
Queen of the Rushes
Queen of the Rushes is a 1906 novel by the Welsh writer Allen Raine, written in the English language and first published by Hutchinson & Co.

It was the eighth of Allen Raine's novels, and is considered by many to be her best. It is set against the events of the recent 1904–1905 Welsh revival, and is subtitled A Tale of the Welsh Revival. Evan Roberts, the leader of the revival, appears as a character in the book.

Evan Roberts (minister)
Evan John Roberts (8 June 1878 – 29 January 1951) was a Welsh preacher and a leading figure of the 1904–1905 Welsh revival.

His obituary in The Western Mail summed up his career thus:

He was a man who had experienced strange things. In his youth, he had seemed to hold the nation in the palms of his hands. He endured strains and underwent great changes of opinion and outlook, but his religious convictions remained firm to the end.
Johan Valckenaer
Johan Valckenaer (Franeker, 21 January 1759 – Bennebroek, 25 January 1821) was a Dutch professor who specialized in Roman law. He was a passionate and combative patriot who promoted the right to bear weapons. In 1787 he went in exile in France and in 1793 he made proposals for a constitutional monarchy. After his return in 1795 he became professor in Constitutional law, a member of National Assembly, a diplomat and financial counsellor.

Bennebroek
Bennebroek (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbɛnəbruk] ⓘ) is a village and former municipality in the northwest Netherlands, now part of Bloemendaal, North Holland. Before its merger in 2009, it was the smallest municipality in the Netherlands, covering an area of only 1.75 km².
Comrades' court
A Comrades' court (Russian: Товарищеский суд, verb. "court of comrades") was a special form of collective justice that existed in the Soviet Union. Comrades' courts were elected for the term of two years by open voting of working collective members, and were entitled to consider minor offences and to impose fines up to 50 Rbls (compared to the average monthly salary of 120 Rbls) or to pass the case for consideration to regular courts of justice. After the breakdown of the Soviet Union comrades' courts were no longer elected and were finally abolished by adoption of Russia's new Criminal Code in 1997.

Criminal Code of Russia
The Russian Criminal Code (Russian: Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации, frequently abbreviated УК РФ) is the prime source of the Law of the Russian Federation concerning criminal offences. The 1996 Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (UGKRF) came into force on 1 January 1997. The new Criminal Code replaced the Soviet analogue of 1960. The main changes deal with economic crimes and property crimes. Most of the other chapters were already amended to correspond to new Russian realities.

On 8 January 1997, President Yeltsin signed the Criminal Correctional Code to regulate the conditions of the sentences. The first Criminal Procedural Code was enacted on 18 December 2001; it has subsequently been amended.
Lithodora
Lithodora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, native to southwestern Europe, southern Greece, Turkey and Algeria. They are low-growing, evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, producing 5-lobed blue or white flowers. The Greek lithodora literally means "stone gift", referring to the plant's preferred rocky habitats. The genus Glandora was split from Lithodora in 2008.

Lithodora species are often cultivated as ornamental plants which are especially suited to rock gardens or raised beds.

Raised-bed gardening
Raised-bed gardening is a form of gardening in which the soil is raised above ground level and usually enclosed in some way. Raised bed structures can be made of wood, rock, concrete or other materials, and can be of any size or shape. The soil is usually enriched with compost.

Vegetables are grown in geometric patterns, much closer together than in conventional row gardening. The spacing is such that when the vegetables are fully grown, their leaves just barely touch each other, creating a microclimate in which weed growth is suppressed and moisture is conserved.
Trochiliscaceae
Trochiliscaceae is a family of fossil charophyte green algae. It is the only member of the order Trochiliscales. The reproductive structures in Trochiliscaceae (and families placed in Sycidiales by AlgaeBase) have a calcified cover, called a utricle, that is thought to prevent the zygote being desiccated. Other Paleozoic families lack this cover, as do modern charophytes. Fossils of Trochiliscaceae are from the Devonian.

Zygote
A zygote (/ˈzaɪˌɡoʊt/ ⓘ; from Ancient Greek  ζυγωτός (zygōtós) 'joined, yoked', from  ζυγοῦν (zygoun) 'to join, to yoke') is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.

The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism.

The sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy, the result of which is the formation of a diploid cell called the zygote (or zygospore in specific cases).
Artur Sargsian
Artur Sargsian is a Russian Greco-Roman wrestler of Armenian descent. He won one of the bronze medals in the 97 kg event at the 2021 World Wrestling Championships held in Oslo, Norway. In his bronze medal match he defeated Nikoloz Kakhelashvili of Italy.

2021 World Wrestling Championships
The 2021 World Wrestling Championships was the 17th edition of the World Wrestling Championships of combined events and was held from 2 to 10 October 2021 in Oslo, Norway.

The event was subsequent to the 2019 World Championships due to the cancelation of the 2020 edition during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2020 Individual World Cup was held as replacement for the World Wrestling Championships.
Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict
In the Israeli-occupied West Bank, various local Palestinian militias have been engaged in an armed conflict with the Palestinian Authority (PA), the autonomous administration governing the region's Palestinian enclaves. The conflict emerged a result of the widespread unpopularity of the PA among Palestinians and the common perception that it is a collaborationist body subservient to Israel, the occupying power. In turn, the PA accuses militants of being "bandits" and agents of instability.

The widespread discontent with the Palestinian Authority, along with multiple factors related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, sparked a mass spread of West Bank Palestinian militancy in the 2020s. Initially rare, armed clashes between the PA's National Security Forces and local militias began significantly escalating during the ongoing Gaza war. In December 2024, the largest and most violent fighting in the conflict erupted with a large-scale PA operation in Jenin.

Palestinian militias in the West Bank
A variety of local Palestinian militias have been formed in the West Bank to fight against Israel, which has occupied the region since 1967. These militias have taken on primarily defensive roles, engaging the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during its raids into the West Bank's Palestinian enclaves, while also occasionally conducting offensive operations against Israeli military outposts, checkpoints, and settlers.
2010 Vuelta a Asturias
The 2010 Vuelta a Asturias was the 54th edition of the Vuelta a Asturias road cycling stage race, which was held from 28 April to 2 May 2010. The race started and finished in Oviedo. The race was initially won by Constantino Zaballa of the CC Loulé–Louletano–Aquashow team. Zaballa's result was annulled by the Union Cycliste Internationale in 2012, after Zaballa had tested positive for using ephedrine.

Louletano Desportos Clube (cycling)
Louletano Desportos Clube, currentely called Aviludo–Louletano–Loulé Concelho due to naming rights deals, is a Portuguese UCI Continental cycling team based in Loulé. Louletano Desportos Clube is the official, permanent name of the team which in turn is the cycling department of sports club Louletano Desportos Clube. The temporary naming rights of the team change according with new sponsorship deals on a season by season basis.
Borrona Downs Station
Borrona Downs Station is a cattle station near White Cliffs in far western New South Wales, Australia. It is about halfway between Milparinka, around 100 km to the West, and Wanaaring, around 100 km to the East, as the crow flies.

The Borrona Downs Station airstrip is at 29°45'4"S 143°6'4"E, on Bloodwood Creek east of the Pindera Downs Aboriginal Area, about 890 km west-northwest of Sydney, 160 km north of White Cliffs and 140 km east of Tibooburra, New South Wales.

Borrona Downs is about 120m above sea level. For many years the station has been operated by the Taylor family.

Cattle station
In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm (station is equivalent to the American ranch), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a grazier. The largest cattle station in the world is Anna Creek Station in South Australia, which covers an area of 23,677 square kilometres (9,142 sq mi; 5,851,000 acres).
Zinda Laash
Zinda Laash (Urdu: زندہ لاش, lit. 'Living Corpse') is a 1967 Pakistani Urdu-language horror film directed by Khwaja Sarfraz,. and starring Asad Bukhari, Habib, Deeba, Rehan, Zareen Panna and Nasreen. The film's plot borrows heavily from the 1958 British Hammer Horror film Dracula, as well as from Bram Stoker's 1897 novel of the same name. It is the first horror film produced in Pakistan, and also the first to be X-rated.

Zinda Laash was released internationally under the title The Living Corpse, and was released in the United States as Dracula in Pakistan.

X rating
An X rating is a film rating that indicates that the film contains content that is considered to be suitable only for adults. Films with an X rating may have scenes of graphic violence or explicit sexual acts that may be disturbing or offensive to some viewers. The X rating is used in different ways by different countries, and it may have legal or commercial implications for the distribution and exhibition of such films. For example, some countries may ban or restrict the sale or rental of X-rated films, while others may allow them only in specific theaters or with special taxes. Some countries may also have different criteria or definitions for what constitutes an X-rated film, and some may consider the artistic merit of the film as a factor in classification. The X rating has been renamed or replaced by other ratings in some countries over time.
Cancer Research Institute
The Cancer Research Institute (CRI) is a US non-profit organization funding cancer research. Based in New York City, CRI was founded in 1953 to develop new treatments for cancer. It is a funding body for research rather than a research institute itself. It was founded by Helen Coley Nauts and Oliver R. Grace with a $2,000 grant from Nelson Rockefeller, created in honor of Nauts' father, William Coley, an American orthopedic surgeon and a pioneer of cancer immunotherapy.

The Institute focuses on immunological treatments for cancer, both single treatment approaches and treatments complementing chemotherapy and surgery. It offers research grants to students, postdoctoral fellows, and investigators at medical research institutions, funds clinical trials testing promising immunotherapies, and convenes scientific conferences for tumor immunologists.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Sambirania
Sambirania is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

Sambirania aeneicollis Descarpentries, 1968

Sambirania brachysoma Obenberger, 1942

Sambirania dubia Descarpentries, 1968

Sambirania impedita Descarpentries, 1968

Sambirania incerta Descarpentries, 1968

Sambirania inflata Descarpentries, 1968

Sambirania plagicollis Descarpentries, 1968

Sambirania rotundipennis Descarpentries, 1968

Sambirania suspecta Descarpentries, 1968

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
1988 New South Wales Open – Women's doubles
Betsy Nagelsen and Elizabeth Smylie were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Nagelsen with Lori McNeil and Smylie with Jana Novotná.

McNeil and Nagelsen lost in the quarter-finals to Catherine Suire and Catherine Tanvier.

Novotná and Smylie lost in the semi-finals to Claudia Kohde-Kilsch and Helena Suková.

Ann Henricksson and Christiane Jolissaint won in the final 7–6, 4–6, 6–3 against Kohde-Kilsch and Suková.

Elizabeth Smylie
Elizabeth Smylie (née Sayers, born 11 April 1963), sometimes known as Liz Smylie, is an Australian sports broadcaster and retired professional tennis player. During her career, she won four Grand Slam titles, one in women's doubles and three in mixed doubles. She also won three singles titles and 36 doubles titles on the tour. Liz also taught junior tennis players at Smith's Tennis Center, North Curl Curl. Sydney in the early 1990s.

Smylie transitioned into television commentary after 1997 following her playing career, working for the Nine Network on Wimbledon and the US Open and the Seven Network. For Seven she was notably the lead commentator for the famous 2003 Australian Open Women's Final between sisters Serena Williams and Venus Williams where Serena was trying to complete the career Grand Slam, which was specially held at night and watched by more than 2 million viewers in the five main capital cities in Australia.