hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Verbivchyk
Verbivchyk (Ukrainian: Вербівчик) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Pidkamin settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

From 1918 to 1939 the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship in Poland.

Until 18 July 2020, Verbivchyk belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.

Zolochiv Raion
Zolochiv Raion (Ukrainian: Золочівський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Zolochiv. Population: 158,943 (2022 estimate).

It was established in 1939.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Zolochiv Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Brody and Busk Raions, were merged into Zolochiv Raion. At the same time, part of Zolochiv Raion was transferred to Lviv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 68,394 (2020 est.).
Lawrence D. Brown
Lawrence David (Larry) Brown (16 December 1940 – 21 February 2018) was Miers Busch Professor and Professor of Statistics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is known for his groundbreaking work in a broad range of fields including decision theory, recurrence and partial differential equations, nonparametric function estimation, minimax and adaptation theory, and the analysis of census data and call-center data.

Institute of Mathematical Statistics
The Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS) is an international professional and scholarly society devoted to the development, dissemination, and application of statistics and probability. The Institute currently has about 4,000 members in all parts of the world. Beginning in 2005, the institute started offering joint membership with the Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability as well as with the International Statistical Institute. The Institute was founded in 1935 with Harry C. Carver and Henry L. Rietz as its two most important supporters. The institute publishes a variety of journals, and holds several international conference every year.
Cécile Wajsbrot
Cécile Wajsbrot (Paris, 21 July 1954) is a French-Jewish writer, novelist, essayist, translator and journalist. Wajsbrot studied comparative literature in Paris and then worked as a French teacher and radio editor. She has translated books from English and German into French, e.g. by Virginia Woolf, Suzan Wicks, Charles Olson, Gert Ledig and Wolfgang Büscher.

Charles Olson
Charles John Olson (27 December 1910 – 10 January 1970) was a second generation modernist American poet who was a link between earlier modernist figures such as Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams and the third generation modernist New American poets. The latter includes the New York School, the Black Mountain School, and some of the artists and poets associated with the Beat generation and the San Francisco Renaissance.

Today, Olson remains a central figure of the Black Mountain Poetry school and is generally considered a key figure in moving American poetry from modernism to postmodernism. In these endeavors, Olson described himself not so much as a poet or a historian but as "an archeologist of morning."
Hiranuma cabinet
The Hiranuma Cabinet is the 35th Cabinet of Japan led by Hiranuma Kiichirō from January 5, 1939, to August 30, 1939. The cabinet had to contend and enforce the mobilization of Japan's economic resources for total war started under his predecessor, Fumimaro Konoe who passed the State General Mobilization Law.

The Hiranuma Cabinet was formed as a result of the collapse of Konoe's first premiership, who had resigned over his failure to negotiate an end to the Second Sino-Japanese War after breaking off relations with the Nationalist government.

Total war
Total war is a type of warfare that mobilizes the totality of national resources to sustain war production, blurring the line between military and civilian activities and legitimate attacks on civilian targets as part of a war without restriction as to the combatants, territory or objectives involved.

The term has been defined as "A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded."

In the mid-19th century, scholars identified  what  later became known as total war as a separate class of warfare. In a total war, the differentiation between combatants and non-combatants diminishes due to the capacity of opposing sides to consider nearly every human, including non-combatants, as resources that are used in the war effort.
Robert Marsden
Robert Marsden ((1921-08-22)22 August 1921 – (2007-04-05)5 April 2007) was an English actor, director, dramatic recitalist and teacher of drama at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and elsewhere.  He was also one of the earliest (and latest surviving) wartime members of the BBC Radio Drama Repertory Company, formed to meet the circumstances of World War II.

Richard II (play)
The Life and Death of King Richard the Second (1595), also Richard II, is a Shakespearean history play about the lifetime and reign of King Richard II of England (r. 1377–1399). As a dramatised period history of the English monarchy, Richard II chronicles the machinations of the noblemen of the royal court who conspire, precipitate, and realise the downfall and death of the King of England.

As the first work in the Henriad tetralogy of English history plays, the political narrative of Richard II is thematically followed throughout the stories of Henry IV, Part 1, Henry IV, Part 2, and Henry V, which also are histories of the reigns of his royal successors to the Throne of England. Although the First Folio (1623) classifies The Life and Death of Richard the Second as an English history play, the earlier Quarto edition (1597) classifies Richard II as a tragedy, under the title The Tragedie of King Richard the Second.
Jack Stamp
Jack Stamp (born March 5, 1954, in College Park, Maryland) is a North American wind ensemble conductor and composer. He has approximately sixty compositions available from Neil A. Kjos Music Company, including his most well-known piece, Gavorkna Fanfare, which was dedicated to Eugene Corporon. In 1993, he formed the Keystone Wind Ensemble, comprising students, alumni and professors at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, which has been recorded on 16 albums.

Indiana University of Pennsylvania
The Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) is a public research university in Indiana, Pennsylvania, United States. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High Spending and Doctorate Production". As of 2024, the university enrolled over 9,000 undergraduate and graduate students. It is governed by a local Council of Trustees and the Board of Governors of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. IUP has branch campuses at Punxsutawney, Northpointe, and Monroeville.
A923 road
The A923 is a major road in Dundee, Angus and Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It runs from Dundee to Dunkeld. Parts of it between Coupar Angus and Dunkeld follow the route of the Old Military Road, built following the Jacobite Rebellion.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Köln-Ehrenfeld station
Köln-Ehrenfeld is a railway station situated at Ehrenfeld, Cologne in western Germany on the Cologne–Aachen railway. It was opened with the first part of the line in 1839. It is served by Cologne S-Bahn and regional services. Not far from the station is the Venloer Straße/Gürtel underground station of the Cologne Stadtbahn.

Rhein-Erft-Express
The Rhein-Erft-Express is a Regional-Express service in the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate. It is numbered as line RE 8 and connects the cities of Mönchengladbach, Cologne, Bonn and Koblenz with each other and their surroundings, running hourly. It is complemented by a Regionalbahn stopping service, the Rhein-Erft-Bahn (RB 27), running also between Mönchengladbach Hauptbahnhof and Koblenz Hauptbahnhof. On weekends it stops at some additional stations between Cologne Hbf and Koblenz Hbf. It is operated by DB Regio with Alstom Coradia Continental EMUs.
2017–18 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 2017–18 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina (known as BH Telecom Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the eighteenth season of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the highest football league of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The season began on 22 July 2017 and concluded on 20 May 2018, with a winter break between early December 2017 and late February 2018.

First League of the Republika Srpska
The First League of the Republika Srpska (Croatian: Prva liga Republike Srpske; Serbian: Прва лига Републике Српске)  is a football league in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Together with the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it forms the second level of football in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The league champion is promoted to the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Relegated teams fall to the Second League of the Republika Srpska.
Olav Terje Bergo
Olav Terje Bergo (born 8 October 1946) is a Norwegian former newspaper editor.

Bergo was born in Nes, Hallingdal. He was the chief editor of Bergensavisen (BA) from 1984 to 2009, and was chairman of the board of the Norwegian Media Business organization from 2002 to 2005. Previously, he was a board member of the European National Publishers Association (ENPA), and, from 2001 to 2006, he was on the board of the World Association of Newspapers (WAN).

Bergensavisen
Bergensavisen (lit. "the Bergen newspaper"), usually shortened to BA, is the second largest newspaper in Bergen, Norway. The paper is published in tabloid format. The newspaper's webpage ba.no is Bergen's largest local newspaper webpage.

In 2006, Bergensavisen had a daily circulation of 30,719 on Monday to Saturday, and 29,782 on Sundays. Approximately 108,000 read the paper every day.
Rock viper
Rock viper is a common name that is sometimes used to refer to at least three different species:

Montivipera raddei or Radde's mountain viper, a venomous species found in Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and possibly also Iraq

Montivipera xanthina or Ottoman viper, a venomous species found in northeastern Greece and Turkey, as well as on certain islands in the Aegean Sea

Craspedocephalus  malabaricus or Malabar rock pit viper, a venomous species found in southwestern India

Montivipera xanthina
Montivipera xanthina, known as the rock viper, coastal viper, Ottoman viper, and by other common names, is a viper species found in northeastern Greece and Turkey, as well as certain islands in the Aegean Sea. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Ligota, Łask County
Ligota [liˈɡɔta] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Widawa, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Łask, and 51 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łask
Łask ([wask]) is a town in central Poland with 16,925 inhabitants (2020). It is the capital of Łask County, and is situated in Łódź Voivodeship. It is located in the Sieradz Land.

A town with some 1,000 years of history, Łask is a former residential town of the Łaski noble family under whose patronage it was developed into a notable regional center of trade and crafts. It contains heritage Gothic and Baroque churches and a local historical museum. It is located near the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok. The Polish Air Force's 32nd Air Base is located nearby.
International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia
The International Criminal Court opened a proprio motu investigation in the Situation in Georgia on 27 January 2016 to look into war crimes and crimes against humanity that may have occurred in and around South Ossetia in the context of an international armed conflict between Georgia and Russia between 1 July and 10 October 2008. The investigation phase was announced to have been completed on 16 December 2022. Arrest warrants for crimes committed against Georgian civilians were issued against three high-ranking officials in the Russian-backed South Ossetian government. A fourth suspect, a senior Russian general, was not indicted as he had died in 2021.

Motu proprio
In law, motu proprio (Latin for 'on his own impulse') describes an official act taken without a formal request from another party. Some jurisdictions use the term sua sponte for the same concept.

In Catholic canon law, it refers to a document issued by the pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him. Such a document may be addressed to the whole church, to part of it, or to some individuals. The first papal motu proprio was promulgated by Pope Innocent VIII in 1484. It continues to be a common form of papal rescript, especially when establishing institutions, making minor changes to law or procedure, and when granting favours to persons or institutions.
Google SearchWiki
SearchWiki was a Google Search feature which allowed logged-in users to annotate and re-order search results. The annotations and modified order only applied to the user's searches, but it was possible to view other users' annotations for a given search query. SearchWiki was released on November 20, 2008 and discontinued on March 3, 2010. All previously created SearchWiki edits are preserved on the logged in user's SearchWiki notes page.

Google Stars replaced SearchWiki. Users no longer have the option to annotate or re-order search results. Instead, a user clicks on a "star marker" which makes the entry appear in a starred results list at the top of a new search.

Login
In computer security, logging in (or logging on, signing in, or signing on) is the process by which an individual gains access to a computer system or program by identifying and authenticating themselves.

Typically, user credentials consist of a username and a password. These credentials themselves are sometimes referred to as a login. Modern secure systems often require a second factor, such as email or SMS confirmation for extra security. Social login allows a user to use an existing cell phone number or user credentials from another email or social networking service to sign in or create an account on a new website.

When access is no longer needed, the user can log out, log off, sign out or sign off.
Fryderyk Bauman
Fryderyk Bauman (1765/1770 — 1845) was a Polish architect and sculptor-decorator during the Classical and Romantic periods. He and his son, Antoni, worked in Łańcut. He performed numerous renovations and other work in Lviv.

Łańcut
Łańcut (Polish: [ˈwaj̃t͡sut], Yiddish: לאַנצוט, romanized: Lantzut; Ukrainian: Ла́ньцут, romanized: Lánʹtsut) is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 18,004 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), it is the capital of Łańcut County.
Pretty Little Liars season 1
The first season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 8, 2010 and concluded on March 21, 2011 on ABC Family.

The show premiered to 2.47 million viewers and retained a regular audience of 2.5 million viewers during its summer run. The summer finale scored 3.07 million viewers, achieving a series high. The show went on hiatus and returned with its winter premiere on January 3, 2011, with 4.20 million viewers, becoming one of ABC Family's top telecasts to date.

Alexis Denisof
Alexis Denisof (born February 25, 1966) is an American actor, primarily known for playing Wesley Wyndam-Pryce in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off Angel. He also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother. His wife, Alyson Hannigan, starred in both Buffy the Vampire Slayer and How I Met Your Mother.
Misha Tsodyks
Misha Tsodyks (Hebrew: מישה צודיקס) is a leading theoretical and computational neuroscientist whose research focuses on identifying neural algorithms underlying cortical systems and cognitive behavior. His most notable achievements include demonstrating the importance of sparsity in neural networks, describing the mechanisms of short-term synaptic plasticity and working and associative memory.

As of 2019, Tsodyks is the C.V. Starr Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in New Jersey. He also teaches at the Weizmann Institute of Science and serves as the Chief Editor of Frontiers of Computational Neuroscience.

Tsodyks has received numerous awards for his work in the field including the Mathematical Neuroscience Prize, the Morris L. Levinson Biology Prize, membership of the Society for Neuroscience, and membership of the editorial board of various scientific journals.

Hippocampus (journal)
Hippocampus is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1991. It is published by John Wiley & Sons and covers the neurobiology of the hippocampal formation and related structures. The founding editors-in-chief were David Amaral and Menno Witter, who were succeeded in 1998 by Howard Eichenbaum (Boston University), who remained in this position until he died in 2017.
Sumiko Takahara
Sumiko Takahara (16 June 1933 – 19 August 2001) was an economist, Japanese Ambassador (to Finland, 1995–1998), chief of the now-defunct Economic Planning Agency, and the first female president of Japanese baseball’s Central League (March 1998 – December 2000).

Central League
The Central League (セントラル・リーグ, Sentoraru Rīgu) or Ce League (セ・リーグ, Se Rīgu), also known as the JERA Central League (JERAセ・リーグ, JERA Se Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is one of the two professional baseball leagues that constitute Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan. The winner of the league championship plays against the winner of the Pacific League in the annual Japan Series. It currently consists of six teams from around the country. Unlike the Pacific League, designated hitters are not used during Central League home games. The Central League has voted to adopt the designated hitter beginning in 2027.
Sheffield Continental
The Sheffield Continental was one of the four flagship named passenger trains operated by East Midlands Railway. There was only a south-bound Sheffield Continental service which was the 0647 train from Sheffield to London St Pancras.

The service started on 15 December 2008 as part of the December 2008 timetable changes. The service was named as part of an East Midlands Trains competition to name two new flagship services. It was named after the ability to change onto Eurostar services to the continent at London St Pancras.

The service was provided by two 5-car Class 222 Meridian trains coupled together to form a 10-car train.

The service lost it's name when a new timetable was introduced on 14 December 2025 .

Eurostar
Eurostar is an international high-speed rail service in Western Europe, connecting Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom through the Channel Tunnel.

The service is operated by the Eurostar Group which was formed from the merger of Eurostar, which operated trains through the Channel Tunnel to the United Kingdom, and Thalys which operated entirely within continental Europe.

Eurostar has transported over 400 million passengers since services began in 1994, including a record 20 million passengers in 2025. The operator is exploring future network expansions and aims to double passenger numbers between 2022 and 2030.
Nikola, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast
Nikola (Russian: Никола) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Nikolskoye Rural Settlement, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 567 as of 2002. There are 7 streets.

Ustyuzhensky District
Ustyuzhensky District (Russian: Устюже́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Babayevsky District in the north, Kaduysky District in the northeast, Cherepovetsky District in the east, Vesyegonsky and Sandovsky Districts of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Pestovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the southwest, and with Chagodoshchensky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ustyuzhna. Population: 18,738 (2010 Census); 21,679 (2002 Census); 22,483 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ustyuzhna accounts for 50.7% of the district's population.
INS Anjadip (2023)
INS Anjadip is the third ship of the Arnala class of the Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC). The ship has been ordered by the Indian Navy and was delivered on 22 December 2025.

Known as the "Dolphin Hunter", it was officially commissioned into the service on 27 February 2026 at Chennai. This ship features a high-tech Combat Management System and advanced SONAR to identify and eliminate underwater threats with precision.

Larsen & Toubro
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. It operates in sectors including industrial technology, heavy industry, engineering, construction, manufacturing, power, information technology, defence, and financial services.

L&T was founded in 1938 in Bombay by Danish engineers Henning Holck-Larsen and Søren Kristian Toubro. As of  31 March 2022, the L&T Group consisted of 93 subsidiaries, 5 associate companies, 27 joint ventures, and 35 joint operations. As of 1 October 2023, S N Subrahmanyan serves as the chairman and managing director of L&T, having succeeded A M Naik.
New Orleans Marriott
New Orleans Marriott, located at 555 Canal Street in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana, is a 42-story, 449 feet (137 m)-tall skyscraper. The Marriott is the seventh tallest building in New Orleans. Millionaire and convicted murderer Robert Durst had been staying at the hotel when he was arrested by FBI agents on March 14, 2015.

Marriott International
Marriott International, Inc. is an American multinational company that operates, franchises, and licenses lodging brands that include hotel, residential, and timeshare properties. The company owns over 37 hotel and timeshare brands, with 9,000 locations and 1,597,380 rooms across its network (as of 2023). Headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, the company is the successor to the hospitality division of the Marriott Corporation, which was founded by J. Willard Marriott (1900–1985) and his wife Alice Marriott (1907–2000).