hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caesarus
Caesarus (known as Césaro in Portuguese and Spanish) was a chieftain of the Lusitanians, a para-Celtic tribe from western Hispania. He followed and later replaced Punicus as their major military leader during the Lusitanian War.

Hispania
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, it was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Roman Empire, under the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was subdivided into Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was reorganized as Hispania Tarraconensis.

Beginning with Diocletian’s Tetrarchy (AD 293), the territory of Tarraconensis was further divided to create the provinces of Carthaginensis and Gallaecia (also called Callaecia, the origin of the name of modern Galicia). All the Hispanic provinces on the mainland, together with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later organized into the Diocesis Hispaniarum, governed by a vicarius.

The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names of Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.
Le Book
Le Book is a global network and resource that offers exposure to companies and members of the creative community. The company operates three offices in three countries producing five sets of books annually (New York City, Paris, London, Berlin and Los Angeles) that are internationally distributed. The brand is well recognized for connecting the creative community for more than thirty-five years.

Christian Lacroix
Christian Marie Marc Lacroix (French pronunciation: [kʁistjɑ̃ lakʁwa]; born 16 May 1951) is a French fashion designer. The name also refers to the company he founded.

Lacroix's designs combine luxury and insouciance. He prefers artisanal trades, fringe, bead, and embroidery. He's characterized by a strong sense of colour, and patterns mix.
Ensemble Organum
Ensemble Organum is a group performing early music, co-founded in 1982 by Marcel Pérès and based in France. Its members have changed, but have included at one time or another, Josep Cabré, Josep Benet, Gérard Lesne, Antoine Sicot, Malcolm Bothwell. They have often collaborated with Lycourgos Angelopoulos and are influenced by Orthodox music.

The group mainly focuses on the performance of music from the Middle Ages, including Beneventan, Old Roman, Gallican, Carolingian and Mozarabic chants.  However, the repertoire includes renaissance polyphony as well as more recent works.

The ensemble was formerly based at Sénanque Abbey and Royaumont Abbey.  Since 2001 it has shared facilities in the precinct of Moissac Abbey with the  Centre itinérant de recherche sur les musiques anciennes (Centre for Itinerant Research of Medieval and Early Music). In addition to musical performance, the ensemble also works with musicologists and historians on musical research from this period.

Beneventan chant
Beneventan chant is a liturgical plainchant repertory of the Roman Catholic Church, used primarily in the orbit of the southern Italian ecclesiastical centers of Benevento and Monte Cassino distinct from Gregorian chant and related to Ambrosian chant. It was officially supplanted by the Gregorian chant of the Roman rite in the 11th century, although a few Beneventan chants of local interest remained in use.
Preeti Desai
Preeti Desai (born 29 September 1981) is a British film and television actress, and former fashion model. Desai is listed as the Times of India's 50 Most Desirable Women and People Magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2011.

Damien Chazelle
Damien Sayre Chazelle (/ʃəˈzɛl/; born January 19, 1985) is a French-American filmmaker. He directed the psychological drama Whiplash (2014), the musical romance La La Land (2016), the biographical drama First Man (2018), and the period black comedy Babylon (2022).

For Whiplash, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. His biggest commercial success came with La La Land, which was nominated for 14 Academy Awards, winning six including Best Director, making him the youngest person to win the award at age 32.
Sir Charlton Leighton, 4th Baronet
Sir Charlton Leighton, 4th Baronet (c.1747–9 September 1784)  was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1774 and 1784.

Leighton was the son of Sir Charlton Leighton, 3rd Baronet and his first wife Anna Maria Mytton, daughter of Richard Mytton of Halston, near Shrewsbury. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and was admitted at St John's College, Cambridge on 17 September 1763 aged 16.

In the 1774 general election Leighton contested Shrewsbury with Robert Clive and was elected as Member of Parliament, but he was unseated on petition in 1775. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy and to Loton Park on 5 May 1780.

At the 1780 general election he was returned unopposed at Shrewsbury and was again returned unopposed there in 1784.

Leighton died unmarried on 9 September 1784 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his half-brother Robert.

1780 British general election
The 1780 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 15th Parliament of Great Britain to be summoned after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707.  The election was held during the American War of Independence and returned Lord North to form a new government with a small and rocky majority. The opposition consisted largely of the Rockingham Whigs, the Whig faction led by the Marquess of Rockingham. North's opponents referred to his supporters as Tories, but no Tory party existed at the time and his supporters rejected the label.
Audiotool
Audiotool is a free, browser-based music production software and distribution platform developed in Germany. It allows users to remix and collaborate on tracks in real-time. Users can create and publish their music tracks onto the site using Creative Commons licenses or All Rights Reserved. Until 2010, Audiotool was part of Hobnox, a content distribution/publication website specialising in music, fashion and indie culture. In mid-2013, Audiotool had 500000 users, 200000 tracks and the total of 44 million plays on all tracks combined

Roland TR-909
The Roland TR-909 Rhythm Composer, commonly known as the 909, is a drum machine introduced by Roland Corporation in 1983, succeeding the TR-808. It was the first Roland drum machine to use samples for some sounds, and the first with MIDI functionality, allowing it to synchronize with other devices.

The 909 was a commercial failure, as users preferred the more realistic sounds of competing products such as the LinnDrum. Roland ceased production after one year, having built 10,000 units. The 909 influenced the development of electronic dance music genres such as techno, house and acid house.
The Spirit of '76 (1990 film)
The Spirit of '76 is a 1990 American comedy film that spoofs American culture of the mid-1970s. Directed by Lucas Reiner, it stars David Cassidy in his final feature film, Leif Garrett, Carl Reiner, Rob Reiner, Olivia d'Abo, and the rock groups Redd Kross and Devo.  The film was released on October 12, 1990.

Barbara Bain
Barbara Bain (born Mildred Fogel; September 13, 1931) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Cinnamon Carter Crawford on the action television series Mission: Impossible (1966–1969), which earned her three Primetime Emmy Awards, as well as a Golden Globe Award nomination. She also starred as Dr. Helena Russell on the British-Italian coproduction science-fiction television series Space: 1999 (1975–1977). Bain has also appeared in the films Animals with the Tollkeeper (1998), Panic (2000), Forget Me Not (2009) and On the Rocks (2020).
Olympia-Kunsteisstadion
The Olympia-Kunsteisstadion is a skating stadium located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

It was built according to plans of architect Hanns Ostler in only 106 days for the figure skating and ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics.  It was opened on 16 December 1934. It contained an ice rink 30 meters by 60 meters for these games. It was a partially covered stadium. The stadium was able to hold 10,000 people.

The Olympia-Kunsteistadion was rebuilt in 1939/1940 for the planned 1940 Winter Olympics which were canceled due to World War II.

After the war it was reopened in 1948. the stadium received a complete roof in 1964. From 1990 to 1994 it was rebuilt again and is now the Olympic-Eissport-Zentrum of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, was the fifth Olympic Championship, also serving as the tenth World Championships and the 21st European Championships.

The British national ice hockey team pulled off a major upset when they won the gold medal, marking a number of firsts in international ice hockey competition.  Great Britain made history as the first team ever to win an Olympic, World, and European (its second) Championships and the first to win all three in the same year.  They were the first team to stop Canada from winning the Olympic ice hockey gold, following Canada's four consecutive gold medals.
Kotzebue (noble family)
The Kotzebue family is a Baltic German noble family of Brandenburgish descent, tracing its origin back to Kossebau in Altmark. They held nobility status in the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Bavaria. The English name of the Alaskan Inuit city of Kotzebue, as well as the neighboring Kotzebue Sound, in the Alaskan Arctic take their names from Otto von Kotzebue, a Russian naval officer of this family.

Kotzebue, Alaska
Kotzebue (/ˈkɒtsəbjuː/ KOTS-ə-bew) or Qikiqtaġruk (/kɪkɪkˈtʌɡrʊk/ kik-ik-TUG-rook, Inupiaq: [qekeqtɑʁʐuk]) is a city in the Northwest Arctic Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska.  It is the borough's seat, by far its largest community and the economic and transportation hub of the subregion of Alaska encompassing the borough.  The population of the city was 3,102 as of the 2020 census, down from 3,201 in 2010.
2025 Duhok axe attack
On 1 April 2025, a Syrian Kurdish national went on a short-lived spree of attacks against Assyrians celebrating the annual Kha b-Nisan festival in Duhok. Two people were injured from the attacks, while other sources suggest that an additional third person from the Asayish was injured. Days after the attack, the perpetrator was revealed to be a Syrian refugee from Duhok, who had been indoctrinated by ISIS before carrying out the attack.

Duhok
Duhok (Kurdish: دهۆک, romanized: Dihok; Arabic: دهوك, romanized: Dohūk; Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ, romanized: Beth Nohadra, Lishanid Noshan: דוהוך, romanized: Dohok) is a city in Kurdistan Region, Iraq and the capital city of Duhok Governorate.
CDP-glycerol glycerophosphotransferase
In enzymology, a CDP-glycerol glycerophosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

CDP-glycerol + (glycerophosphate)n  CMP + (glycerophosphate)n+1

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-glycerol and (glycerophosphate)n, whereas its two products are CMP and (glycerophosphate)n+1.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring non-standard substituted phosphate groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP-glycerol:poly(glycerophosphate) glycerophosphotransferase. Other names in common use include teichoic-acid synthase, cytidine diphosphoglycerol glycerophosphotransferase, poly(glycerol phosphate) polymerase, teichoic acid glycerol transferase, glycerophosphate synthetase, and CGPTase.

Cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine monophosphate, also known as 5'-cytidylic acid or simply cytidylate, and abbreviated CMP, is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside cytidine. CMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase cytosine; hence, a ribonucleoside monophosphate.
As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix cytidylyl-.
Enid Starkie
Enid Mary Starkie CBE (18 August 1897 – 21 April 1970), was an Irish literary critic, known for her biographical works on French poets. She was a Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford, and Lecturer and then Reader in the University.

Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert (UK: /ˈfloʊbɛər/ FLOH-bair, US: /floʊˈbɛər/ floh-BAIR; French: [ɡystav flobɛʁ]; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. He has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country and abroad. According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, "in Flaubert, realism strives for formal perfection, so the presentation of reality tends to be neutral, emphasizing the values and importance of style as an objective method of presenting reality". He is known especially for his debut novel Madame Bovary (1857), his Correspondence, and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a protégé of Flaubert.
Liversidge
Liversidge or Liversedge is an uncommon surname of English origin. It probably derives from Liversedge, a town in West Yorkshire. Notable people with the surname include:

Archibald Liversidge (1847–1927), Australian chemist

Joan Liversidge (1914–1984), British archaeologist

Pamela Liversidge (born 1949), English mechanical engineer

Richard Liversidge (1926–2003), South African  naturalist

Robert Liversidge (1904–1994), British Jewish businessman

Sydney Liversedge (1897–1979), English World War I flying ace

Liversedge
Liversedge is an industrial town in the Kirklees district, in West Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Liversedge lies between Cleckheaton and Heckmondwike. The Kirklees ward is now called Liversedge and Gomersal with a population at the 2011 Census of 19,420. Liversedge forms part of the Heavy Woollen District and was historically part of the parish of Birstall.
Linda Chisholm
Linda Rae Chisholm (born December 21, 1957) is an American retired volleyball player and silver medalist at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

While representing the United States, Chisholm also won a bronze medal at the 1982 FIVB World Championship in Peru and a silver medal in the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas, Venezuela.

1982 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 1982 FIVB Women's World Championship was the ninth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 12 to 25 September 1982 at six venues in six different cities in Peru. The finals were held at the Coliseo Amauta in Lima, Peru.
Belo Corporation
Belo Corporation (/ˈbiːloʊ/; formerly A. H. Belo Corporation) was a Dallas, Texas-based media company that owned 20 commercial broadcasting television stations and three regional 24-hour cable news television channels. Until 2008, the company also owned seven newspapers, which were ultimately spun off into a separate company named DallasNews Corporation. Belo was named after former owner Alfred Horatio Belo. Belo had its headquarters in the Belo Building in Downtown Dallas, designed by Dallas architects Omniplan and constructed between 1983 and 1985.

32°46′35″N 96°48′20″W﻿ / ﻿32.77639°N 96.80556°W﻿ / 32.77639; -96.80556

Alfred Horatio Belo
Alfred Horatio Belo (May 27, 1839 – April 19, 1901) was the founder of The Dallas Morning News newspaper in Dallas, Texas, along with business partner George Bannerman Dealey. The company A. H. Belo Corporation, owner of The Dallas Morning News, was named in his honor.
Krasnow
Krasnow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alyaksandr Krasnow (born 1998), Belarusian footballer

Bob Krasnow (1934–2016), American record label executive and entrepreneur

Emilie Krasnow, American politician from Vermont

Gerry Krasnow, American politician from Vermont

Hecky Krasnow (1910–1984), American record producer

Iris Krasnow (born 1954), American author, professor, and public speaker

Michael Krasnow (1969–1997), American author

Peter Krasnow (1886–1979), Ukrainian-born American painter

Michael Krasnow
Michael Krasnow (April 27, 1969 – October 9, 1997) was an American author. His autobiography, My Life as a Male Anorexic, described his life with his severe case of anorexia nervosa. Krasnow weighed 115 pounds when he was 16, but throughout most of his adult life maintained a weight of around 75 lbs. He stood at 5'9", giving him a body mass index of 11.1. He hoped his book would give strength to other male anorexics. Krasnow weighed 64 pounds when he died at age 28.
Syed Nayeemuddin
Syed Nayeemuddin (born 1944), known as Nayeem, is an Indian football coach and former player. He played for and captained the India national team. He later managed Mahindra United, Brothers Union, Dhaka Mohammedan, and Bangladesh national team.

Nayeemuddin is the only sportsperson to win both the Arjuna Award (received the award by the Government of India in 1997) and Dronacharya Award, recognising his contribution to the sport.

Calcutta Football League
The Calcutta Football League (CFL) is a ladder-based football competition in the Indian state of West Bengal, organised by the Indian Football Association (WB) as part of the state leagues. It is the oldest football league in Asia.

The CFL is divided into CFL Premier Division, CFL 1st Division, CFL 2nd  Division, CFL 3rd Division, CFL 4th Division, CFL 5th  Division A, and CFL 5th Division B with promotion and relegation between them. CFL has more than 160 mostly Kolkata-based clubs and units. Started in 1898, this league is the oldest football league in Asia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world. CFL currently consists of a seven-tier pyramid system, with more than 8,500 directly registered players of IFA participating in CFL every year, making it one of the biggest leagues in the country.
Wróblin
Wróblin [ˈvrublin], additional name in German: Fröbel, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the Czech border.

Gmina Głogówek
Gmina Głogówek (German: Gemeinde Oberglogau) is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the Czech border in Upper Silesia. Its seat is the town of Głogówek (Oberglogau), which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Prudnik and 37 km (23 mi) south of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 170.06 square kilometres (65.7 sq mi), and as of 2019, its total population was 13,258. Since 2009, in addition to the official Polish language, German has also been recognized as an additional secondary language.
Leucoptera aceris
Leucoptera aceris is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is found from Latvia to the Pyrenees, Alps and Bulgaria. It has also been recorded from Portugal.

The larvae feed on Acer campestre, Acer monspessulanum and Acer platanoides.

Lyonetiidae
Lyonetiidae is a family of moths with around 200 described species. These are small, slender moths, the wingspan rarely exceeding 1 cm. The very narrow forewings, held folded backwards covering the hindwings and abdomen, often have pointed apices noticeably up- or down-turned. The larvae are leaf miners.

The families Bucculatricidae and Bedelliidae are sometimes considered subfamilies of Lyonetiidae.
Derby Dam
Derby Dam is a diversion dam built from 1903 to 1905 on the Truckee River, located about 20 miles (32 km) east of Reno in Storey and Washoe counties in Nevada, United States. It diverts water into the Truckee Canal that would otherwise enter  Pyramid Lake. The canal feeds Lake Lahontan reservoir in the Carson River watershed, where it is used for irrigation.

It was the first project of the newly organized U.S. Reclamation Service (known today as the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation), organized by the Reclamation Act of 1902.

As a result of the diversion, Winnemucca Lake lost inflow and dried up, and Pyramid Lake lost more than 80 feet (24 m) in elevation, resulting in the near-extinction of the Lahontan cutthroat trout.

The dam is operated by the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District. It was named after the Derby Southern Pacific Railroad station.

Diversion dam
A diversion dam is a dam that diverts all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course.  Diversion dams do not generally impound water in a reservoir; instead, the water is diverted into an artificial water course or canal, which may be used for irrigation or return to the river after passing through hydroelectric generators, flow into a different river or be itself dammed forming an on-ground or groundwater reservoir or a storm drain.

An early diversion dam is the Ancient Egyptian Sadd el-Kafara Dam at Wadi Al-Garawi, which was located about twenty five kilometres south of Cairo. Built around 2600 BC for flood control, the structure was 102 metres long at its base and 87 metres wide. It was destroyed by a flood while it was still under construction.
2010 Korea Grand Prix
The 2010 Korea Grand Prix was a badminton tournament which took place at Gimcheon Indoor Gymnasium in Gimcheon, South Korea from 23 to 28 November 2010 and had a total purse of $50,000. This tournament was upgraded from a BWF International Challenge which have been held from 2007 to 2009 to a Grand Prix event.

Gimcheon
Gimcheon (Korean: 김천; lit. gold spring; Korean pronunciation: [kim.tɕʰʌn]) is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.  It is situated on the major land transportation routes between Seoul and Busan, namely the Gyeongbu Expressway and Gyeongbu Line railway.

In ancient times, Gimcheon was famous for its three mountains (Geumo, Daedeok, Hwangak) and two rivers (Gamcheon, Jikjicheon). During the Chosun Dynasty, Gimcheon had one of the five largest markets in the region. The town has also served as the gateway and traffic hub of the Yeongnam region and is particularly proud of its patriots, history and conservative lifestyle.

The slogan of Gimcheon is 'Central Gimcheon', a recognition of the fact that it is situated almost at the center of South Korea.
Cyril George
Cyril Maurice George (died 6 January 2022) was a South African politician who represented the National Party (NP) and New National Party (NNP) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1999. He later served as a local councillor in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, representing variously the NNP, the Democratic Alliance (DA), and the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP).

New National Party (South Africa)
The New National Party (NNP; Afrikaans: Nuwe Nasionale Party) was a South African political party formed in 1997 as the successor to the National Party, which ruled the country from 1948 to 1994. The name change was an attempt to distance itself from its apartheid past, and reinvent itself as a moderate, mainstream conservative and non-racist federal party. The attempt was largely unsuccessful, and in 2005 the New National Party voted to disband itself.
German submarine U-593
German submarine U-593 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 17 December 1940 by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg as yard number 569, launched on 3 September 1941 and commissioned on 23 October under Kapitänleutnant Gerd Kelbling.

The boat's service began on 23 October 1941 with training as part of the 8th U-boat Flotilla. She was transferred to the 7th flotilla on 1 March 1942 and moved on to the 29th flotilla on 1 November.

29th U-boat Flotilla
29th U-boat Flotilla ("29. Unterseebootsflottille") was formed in December 1941 in La Spezia in Italy under the command of Korvettenkapitän Franz Becker. The flotilla operated mostly various marks of the Type VII U-boat and it concentrated its efforts mainly in the Mediterranean Sea, against convoys. In August 1943, the flotilla moved to Toulon, but did also have U-boats in Marseille and Salamis. The flotilla was disbanded in September 1944, when U-407 was sunk on September 19 and the two last flotilla boats U-565 and U-596 were scuttled in Salamis.