hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
226th Combat Communications Group
The United States Air Force's 226th Combat Communications Group is a combat communications headquarters unit located at Abston Air National Guard Station in Montgomery, Alabama.  The group is one of two Air National Guard combat communications groups nationwide, which together constitute over 60% of the U.S. Air Force's tactical communications capability. The 226th is one of three major organizations that make up the Alabama Air National Guard.

Gadsden, Alabama
Gadsden is a city in and the county seat of Etowah County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located on the Coosa River about 56 miles (90 km) northeast of Birmingham 90 miles (140 km) southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee. 72 Miles (117Km) Southeast of Huntsville It is the primary city of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 103,931. The population was 33,945 at the 2020 census.

In the 19th century, Gadsden was Alabama's second-most important center of commerce and industry, trailing only the seaport of Mobile. The two cities were important shipping centers: Gadsden for riverboats and Mobile for international trade.

From the late 19th century through the 1980s, Gadsden was a center of heavy industry, including the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and Republic Steel.  In 1991, following more than a decade of sharp decline in industry, Gadsden was awarded the honor of All-America City by the National Civic League.
Highball Wilson
Howard Paul "Highball" Wilson (August 9, 1878 – October 16, 1934) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played all or parts of four seasons in Major League Baseball, including a stint on the infamous 1899 Cleveland Spiders.

Wilson made just one appearance for the Spiders, pitching a complete game and losing. He spent the 1900 and 1901 seasons with the Norwich Witches of the Connecticut State League, then resurfaced with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1902. During his brief stint in the A's rotation, he compiled a 7–5 record, helping the team to the American League pennant.

In 1903, he pitched for the Washington Senators, posting a 3.31 ERA but losing 18 games for a bad team. His career ended the following season.

Pennant (sports)
A pennant is a commemorative pennon typically used to show support for a particular athletic team. Pennants have been historically used in all types of athletic levels. Traditionally, pennants were made of felt and fashioned in the official colors of a particular team.

Often graphics, usually the mascot symbol, as well as the team name were displayed on pennants. The images displayed on pennants were either stitched on with contrasting colored felt or had screen-printing.

Today, vintage pennants with rare images or honoring special victories have become prized collectibles for sporting enthusiasts. While pennants are typically associated with athletic teams, pennants have also been made to honor institutions and vacation spots, often acting as souvenirs.
Wadi Salib riots
The Wadi Salib riots were a series of street demonstrations and acts of vandalism in the Wadi Salib neighborhood of Haifa, Israel, in 1959. They were sparked by the shooting of a Moroccan Jewish immigrant by police officers. Demonstrators accused the police of ethnic discrimination against Mizrahi Jews.

Israeli scholar Oren Yiftachel characterizes the riots as "the first wave of Mizrahi protest outside the [development] towns."

Development town
Development towns (Hebrew: עיירת פיתוח, Ayarat Pitu'ah) were new settlements built in Israel during the 1950s in order to provide permanent housing for a large influx of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries, Holocaust survivors from Europe and other new immigrants, who arrived to the newly established State of Israel.

The towns were designed to expand the population of the country's peripheral areas while easing pressure on the crowded centre. Most of them were built in the Galilee in the north of Israel, and in the northern Negev desert in the south. In addition to the new towns, Jerusalem was also given development town status in the 1960s.

In the context of the Arab–Israeli conflict, Jewish refugees from Arab states were initially resettled in refugee camps, known variously as immigrant camps, ma'abarot and development towns. Development towns were subsequently considered by some to be places of relegation and marginalisation.
Liyuan (garden)
Liyuan (Chinese: 蠡园) or Li Garden is a Chinese garden on the shore of Li Lake. It is named after Fan Li, a senior minister of the state of Yue who retired to his hometown after conquering the state of Wu. One day he went boating on what was then called Wuli Lake with one of the most beautiful women in ancient China named Xi Shi. Afterwards he decided to name the lake after himself, calling it Li Lake. The garden built on the shore of Li Lake was called Li Garden.

Fan Li
Fan Li (fl. 5th-century BCE) from the Spring and Autumn period, was a Chinese businessman, military strategist, and politician. Fan Li was an important political and military advisor to Goujian, the king of Yue. He later was known as Tao Zhugong, a name he took after achieving a decisive victory for Yue over the state of Wu and retiring to live a secluded life with his wife Xi Shi, one of the most famous beauties in Chinese history.
Aankh ka Nasha
Aankh ka Nasha or Ankh ka Nasha (The Witchery of the Eyes) is an Urdu play by Agha Hashar Kashmiri. It was first published in 1924.

The play deals with themes of treachery and the evils of prostitution. It was made into a film by the same name in India in 1956, starring Anita Guha and M. Rajan in lead roles with Helen and Shammi in supporting roles. Other Indian film adaptations include a 1928 silent film by Madan Theatres and its 1933 remake in sound by J. J. Madan.

Shammi (actress)
Nargis Rabadi (24 April 1929 – 6 March 2018), better known by her stage name Shammi, was an Indian actress who appeared in over two hundred Hindi films. Shammi remained a sought-after actress with filmmakers when it came to goofy and comic roles, especially in the period 1949–1969 and later from 1980–2002. Her famous films as supporting actress included Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai, Half Ticket, Halaku, Samaj Ko Badal Dalo, Khuda Gawah, Coolie No. 1, Gopi Kishan and Hum Saath Saath Hain and films with Rajesh Khanna like The Train, Aanchal, Kudrat, Red Rose,  Awara Baap and Swarg. She had been a leading actress playing main female lead or second female lead in Hindi films between 1949–1955 as well. Later, from 1986 till 1998, she appeared in many popular television serials such as Dekh Bhai Dekh, Zabaan Sambhal Ke, Shriman Shrimati, Kabhi Yeh Kabhi Woh and Filmi Chakkar. Shammi is the younger sister of fashion designer Mani Rabadi.
Jordan Mageo
Jordan Mageo (born January 6, 1997) is an American Samoan sprinter. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the women's 100 metres race; her time of 13.72 seconds in the preliminary round did not qualify her for the first round.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres
The women's 100 metres event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place between 12 and 13 August at the Olympic Stadium.  The winning margin was 0.12 seconds. The winner, Elaine Thompson from Jamaica, had the second slowest reaction time in the final.
Maireana coronata
Maireana coronata, commonly known as crown fissure-weed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a low-lying to erect perennial plant  with linear leaves, bisexual flowers arranged singly, and a hairy fruiting perianth resembling an inverted academic "mortar board" hat, with a narrow circular wing.

Monoecy
Monoecy (from Ancient Greek  μονοικία (monoikía) 'one household'; adj. monoecious), is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy, and contrasted with dioecy where individual plants produce cones or flowers of only one sex, and with bisexual or hermaphroditic plants in which male and female gametes are produced in the same flower.

Monoecy often co-occurs with anemophily, because it prevents self-pollination of individual flowers and reduces the probability of self-pollination between male and female flowers on the same plant.: 32

Monoecy in angiosperms has been of interest for evolutionary biologists since Charles Darwin.
Luft-Fahrzeug-Gesellschaft
Luft-Fahrzeug-Gesellschaft, also referred to as LFG, was a German aircraft manufacturer during World War I. They are best known for their various "Roland" designs, notably the Roland C.II Walfisch (whale), Roland D.II haifisch (Shark) and Roland D.VI, although they also produced a number of airships and many experimental designs.

Bitterfeld
Bitterfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪtɐfɛlt] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2007 it has been part of the town of Bitterfeld-Wolfen. It is situated approximately 25 km south of Dessau, and 30 km northeast of Halle (Saale).
The White Horse Inn (play)
The White Horse Inn (or White Horse Inn) (German title: Im weißen Rößl) is a play by Oscar Blumenthal and Gustav Kadelburg. Set in the Salzkammergut region of Upper Austria, the farce humorously juxtaposes the lives and attitudes of urban tourists vacationing in the Northern Limestone Alps and the local inhabitants who reside near the White Horse Inn where the vacationers are staying. The work was popular both in Europe and in theaters serving the German-American community in the United States in the early 20th century.

The White Horse Inn premiered in Berlin in 1897. Sydney Rosenfeld translated the work into English. His version of the play, titled At the White Horse Inn, was staged on Broadway at Wallack's Theatre in 1899. The New York cast including Amelia Bingham and Leo Ditrichstein. The play was the basis for Ralph Benatzky and Robert Stolz's 1930 operetta The White Horse Inn.

Ralph Benatzky
Ralph Benatzky (5 June 1884 – 16 October 1957) was a Czech-Austrian composer. He composed operas and operettas, such as Casanova (1928), Die drei Musketiere (1929), The White Horse Inn (1930) and Meine Schwester und ich (1930).
Koshi Province (Japan)
Koshi Province (越国, Koshi no Kuni) was an ancient province or region of Japan in what is now the Hokuriku region. The region as a whole was sometimes referred to as Esshū (越州).

Koshi appears as one of the original provinces in the Nihon Shoki. In 598 AD, the residents of Koshi presented a white deer to Empress Suiko as tribute.

At the end of the 7th century, Koshi was divided into three separate provinces: Echizen, Etchū, and Echigo (as noted in the Taihō Code). The names of these provinces mean 'Inner-Koshi' (Echizen), 'Middle-Koshi' (Etchu), and 'Outer-Koshi' (Echigo), respectively, indicating their relative positions with respect to the capital region (Kinki) at the time the Ritsuryō system was enacted. Later, parts of Echizen were separated off into Noto and Kaga provinces.

Noto Province
Noto Province (能登国, Noto no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [noꜜ.to (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area that is today the northern part of Ishikawa Prefecture in Japan, including the Noto Peninsula (Noto-hantō) which is surrounded by the Sea of Japan.   Noto bordered on Etchū and Kaga provinces to the south, and was surrounded by the Sea of Japan to the east, north and west. Its abbreviated form name was Nōshū (能州).
Andrija Artuković
Andrija Artuković (19 November 1899 – 16 January 1988) was a Croatian lawyer, politician, and senior member of the fascist Ustaše movement, who served as the Minister of Internal Affairs and Minister of Justice in the Government of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II in Yugoslavia. He signed into law several racial laws against Serbs, Jews, and Roma, and was responsible for a string of concentration camps where civilians were tortured and murdered. He escaped to the United States after the war, where he lived until he was extradited to Yugoslavia in 1986. He was tried and found guilty of several mass killings in the NDH and was sentenced to death, but the sentence was not carried out due to his age and health. He died in custody in 1988.

Italian racial laws
The Italian racial laws, otherwise referred to as the Racial Laws (Italian: Leggi Razziali), were a series of laws promulgated by the government of Benito Mussolini in Fascist Italy from 1938 to 1944 in order to enforce racial discrimination and segregation in the Kingdom of Italy. The main victims of the Racial Laws were Italian Jews and the African inhabitants of the Italian Empire.

In the aftermath of Mussolini's fall from power and the invasion of Italy by Nazi Germany, the Badoglio government suppressed the laws in January 1944. In northern Italy, they remained in force and were made more severe in the territories ruled by the Italian Social Republic until the end of the Second World War.
Aminoethylpiperazine
Aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) is a derivative of piperazine. This ethyleneamine contains three nitrogen atoms; one primary, one secondary and one tertiary. It is a corrosive organic liquid and can cause second or third degree burns. Aminoethylpiperazine can also cause pulmonary edema as a result of inhalation. It is REACH and TSCA registered.

Ethyleneamine
Ethyleneamines are a class of amine compounds containing ethylene (-CH2CH2-) linkages between amine groups. These compounds are generally colorless, low-viscosity liquids with a fishy amine odor. They are primarily used as building block chemicals and in epoxy resin curing agent chemistry.
Tracy Deonn
Tracy Deonn is an American author. Her debut novel Legendborn (2020) was a New York Times bestseller and received a Coretta Scott King–John Steptoe Award for New Talent and the 2021 Ignyte Award for Best Young Adult Novel. The sequel novel Bloodmarked was published in 2022 and also became a #1 New York Times bestseller.

Reactor (magazine)
Reactor, formerly Tor.com, is an online science fiction and fantasy magazine published by Tor Books, a division of Macmillan Publishers. The magazine publishes articles, reviews, original short fiction, re-reads and commentary on speculative fiction. Unlike traditional print magazines such as Asimov's or Analog, it releases online fiction that can be read free of charge.

Reactor was founded (as Tor.com) in July 2008 and renamed Reactor on January 23, 2024.
2016 Italian oil drilling referendum
An abrogative referendum on oil and natural gas drilling was held in Italy on 17 April 2016. The referendum was on the proposed repealing of a law that allows gas and oil drilling concessions extracting hydrocarbon within 12 nautical miles of the Italian coast to be prolonged until the exhaustion of the useful life of the fields.

Although 86% voted in favour of repealing the law, the turnout of 31% was below the majority threshold required to validate the result.

It was the first referendum requested by at least five Regional Councils in the history of the Italian Republic: all 66 previous referendum questions since 1974 were called after the collection of signatures.

Regional council (Italy)
A regional council (Consiglio regionale) in Italy is the elected legislative assembly of a region of Italy. In Emilia-Romagna and Sicily, the legislative bodies are called the Legislative Assembly of Emilia-Romagna and the Sicilian Regional Assembly, officially nicknamed as Sicilian Parliament, respectively.
History of Lille
The history of Lille dates back to the 11th century when Baudouin V of Flanders endowed the recently founded collegiate church of Saint-Pierre with a charter in 1066.

The city, capital of the Burgundian region, enjoyed a period of great influence and prosperity in the 15th century. Attached to the kingdom of France after Louis XIV's conquest in 1667, and enlarged by Vauban, the town suffocated in the mid-nineteenth century within its two-century-old ramparts, unsuited to the development of the large textile industry. In 1858, Napoleon III decided to annex the neighboring communes and extend the city walls. The two world wars were particularly painful ordeals. The Trente Glorieuses were a period of deindustrialization and reconversion to tertiary activities. The city's historic heritage, which had been neglected until the 1960s, was enhanced at the end of the 20th century.

Roger Salengro
Roger Henri Charles Salengro (30 May 1890 – 18 November 1936) was a French politician. He achieved fame as Minister of the Interior during the Popular Front government in 1936. He committed suicide a few months after taking office, after being hounded by a calumny campaign orchestrated by extreme right-wing newspapers.
Bischofsherrschaft
Bischofsherrschaft or "episcopal rule" refers to a phenomenon that occurred predominantly in late antique Gaul, where the episcopate was also of secular importance, as well as the particularity of an increased occupation of the episcopate by the local Gallo-Roman aristocracy from the first third of the 5th century onwards.

This was partly due to the specific circumstances of the Gallic cities with their large civitas territories, whose self-confident elite saw themselves in part as an antithesis to the imperial centre in Italy and discovered in the office of bishop a suitable opportunity for political activity and the preservation of their social leadership position.

German historical studies coined the term 'terminus technicus', which is also used in English and French research publications.

Aristocracy
Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek  ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from  ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and  κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense economic, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy.
Peter of Castile, Lord of Ledesma
Peter of Castile (June 1260, in Seville – 10 October 1283, in Ledesma), was an infante of Castile. He was a son of Alfonso X of Castile and Violant of Aragon who was also called Yolanda or Yolante.

He was Lord (señor) of Ledesma, Alba de Tormes, Salvatierra, Miranda del Castañar, Galisteo and Granadilla.

Alba de Tormes
Alba de Tormes is a municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. The town is on the River Tormes upstream from the city of Salamanca. Alba gave its name to one of Spain's most important dukedoms, who had their ancestral seat in the Castillo de los Duques de Alba. St Teresa of Ávila died at a convent she founded in the town and is buried there.

From the 12th to the 19th century, the monastery of San Leonardo was located outside the walls of Alba.

During medieval times, a Jewish community thrived in Alba de Tormes, with the first record of Jewish presence dating to 1140 AD. The community thrived until the 1492 expulsion of the Jews.
Corbo (surname)
Corbo is a surname. In Italian language it is derived from the nickname corbo, rook, raven a central southern variant of corvo  Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Corbo (born 2004), American football tight end

Gabriele Corbo (born 2000), Italian footballer

Mateo Corbo (born 1976), Uruguayan footballer

Romeo Corbo (born 1952), Uruguayan footballer

Walter Corbo (born 1949), Uruguayan footballer

Walter Corbo
Walter Luis Corbo Burmia, known as "Corbo", (born 2 May 1949 in Montevideo) is a former professional footballer. He spent many years with Peñarol and the Uruguay national football team. Corbo also won the Teresa Herrera Cup in 1974 for Peñarol and a second time in 1975.

Born in Montevideo, Corbo began playing professional football with Racing Club de Montevideo before moving to local rivals Peñarol. He played for Grêmio FBPA from 1977 until 1978. Corbo helped Grêmio win the 1977 Campeonato Gaúcho, breaking an eight-year hegemony of Internacional. In the Campeonato Brasileiro, the former goalkeeper appeared in 47 matches, with 25 wins, 15 draws and seven defeats.
In 1979-1980, Corbo played in San Lorenzo de Almagro, of Argentina, before returning to Uruguay to finish his career at River Plate.

Corbo made 11 appearances for the Uruguay national football team from 1971 to 1977.

Corbo now lives in Montevideo, where he works as an entrepreneur in the auto sector.
Kaeloo
Kaeloo is a French computer-animated comedy television series created by Rémi Chapotot, Jean-François Henry and Tristan Michel and produced by Cube Creative, with the participation of Canal+, CNC, Comptoir du Son, Blue Spirit (seasons 1–2) and Xilam Animation (season 5). The series, comprising 241 episodes across five seasons, aired from June 6, 2010, to April 13, 2023, on Canal+ Family, Canal+ Kids and Télétoon+, and also started airing on September 2017 on C8.

Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée
The Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ nɑsjɔnal dy sinema e də limaʒ anime]; CNC; transl. National Centre for Cinema and the Moving Image) is an agency of the French Ministry of Culture, and is responsible for the production and promotion of cinematic and audiovisual arts in France. The CNC is a publicly owned establishment, with legal and financial autonomy.

It was created by law on 25 October 1946 as the Centre national de la cinématographie (National Centre for Cinematography), it is currently directed by Gaëtan Bruel. The CNC replaced the Office professionnel du cinéma (OPC), its predecessor established during the reign of Vichy France for wartime censorship.

The CNC archives are located in the former Fort de Bois-d'Arcy southwest of Paris. Initially established in 1969 to house combustible nitrate films, the archives now house modern acetate films as well.
Jack Bighead
John Bighead (April 23, 1930 – April 28, 1993) was an American professional football player. A Yuchi Indian, he starred in football at L.A. Poly High in the 1940s and played in the National Football League (NFL). He was a 1948 graduate of Pepperdine University, whereat he earned Little All America honors in football and track. After serving in the United States Navy, he played two years in the NFL. He was drafted in the 15th round of the 1952 NFL draft by the Dallas Texans. Bighead then played professionally for the Baltimore Colts in 1954 and the Los Angeles Rams in 1955. He was the starter for the Rams before a career-ending leg injury. He played one season in the CFL with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 1956.

Bighead joined the teaching and coaching staff of the Anaheim Union High School District in 1957, and worked at Western, Magnolia, and Katella high schools before retiring in 1987.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.