hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexandria on the Indus
Alexandria on the Indus (Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἐπὶ Ἰνδῷ, likely modern Uch, Pakistan) was a city founded by Alexander the Great at the junction of the Indus and the Acesines river. Arrian tells that colonists, mainly Thracian veterans and natives, were settled there.

The satrap of the west bank of the Indus, Philip, son of Machatas, was put in charge of building the city:

He (Alexander) ordered him (Philip) to found a city there, just at the meeting of the two rivers, as he expected it would be great and famous in the world, and dockyards to be built.

Today, the remains of the Greek town are thought to be inside the citadel mound, although a shift in the river has caused significant damage to the mound. A UNESCO listing applies to the site.

Arrian
Arrian of Nicomedia (/ˈæriən/; Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Latin: Lucius Flavius Arrianus; c. 86/89 – c. after 146/160 AD) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.

The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian is considered the best source on the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Scholars have generally preferred Arrian to other extant primary sources, though this attitude has changed somewhat in light of modern studies into Arrian's method.
Eubrontes
Eubrontes is the name of fossilised dinosaur footprints dating from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. They have been identified from France, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Australia (Queensland), US, India, China and Brazil (South).

Eubrontes is the name of the footprints, identified by their shape, and not of the genus or genera that made them, which is as yet unknown but is presumed to be similar to Coelophysis or Dilophosaurus. They are most famous for their discovery in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts in the early 19th century. They, among other footprints, were the first known non-avian dinosaur tracks to be discovered in North America, though they were initially thought to have been made by large birds.

Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.
Hookhamsnyvy Creek
The Hookhamsnyvy Creek is a natural watercourse in the northern Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island.

The Hookhamsnyvy Creek is north of Parnassus and rises in the Hundalee Hills.  It runs roughly south before briefly turning west to join the Leader River.

In 1912, the Main North Line railway was opened from Christchurch to Parnassus, with the ultimate objective of creating a line north to Picton via Blenheim and Kaikōura.  The first route north followed the Leader Valley and would have required a diversion of the Hookhamsnyvy Creek.  Some initial groundwork was done for this, but the outbreak of World War I in 1914 caused construction to be paused.  When it resumed, a new coastal route via Hundalee was chosen, the diversion of the Hookhamsnyvy Creek permanently abandoned, and the line opened in 1945.

Hundalee
Hundalee is a rural locality in the Hurunui District of the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It straddles the Conway River, the traditional boundary between Canterbury and Marlborough and is in the Hundalee Hills.

Although once a railway terminus, Hundalee today does not have a defined township as such; the place name refers to the rural properties in the area.  One of these properties became the home of World War II hero Charles Upham after he returned from combat.

The railway line was opened to Hundalee from Parnassus in 1939 as work on the Main North Line from Christchurch crept north to meet a line being built southwards from Wharanui.  In 1945, the full line was completed when the two ends met in Kaikōura.  The railway still runs through Hundalee, but the TranzCoastal express passenger train does not stop.  State Highway 1 also passes through Hundalee.
Studium Angelopolitanum
Studium Angelopolitanum is a non-profit educational organization, based in Puebla, Mexico and focused on promoting study and appreciation of classical languages and literature. It was founded in 2012 by professor Alexis Hellmer. It is modelled after Luigi Miraglia's Accademia Vivarium Novum in Rome. It is one of the very few places in Mexico to offer Latin lessons taught entirely in Latin.

Luigi Miraglia
Luigi Miraglia (born 28 October 1965) (Latin: Aloisius Miraglia) is an Italian Latinist and classicist. He is a proponent of Hans Ørberg's natural method of language learning and the founder of the Accademia Vivarium Novum.
Polygamy in Morocco
Polygamy in Morocco is legal, but very uncommon due to restrictions that were introduced by the government in 2004 that mandated financial qualifications a husband must meet in order to marry a second wife. A husband must have written permission from his current wife before marrying a second wife. Breaking these rules and marrying without permission from one's current wife can result in fines.

Politics of Morocco
Politics of Morocco take place in a framework of an official parliamentary semi-constitutional islamic monarchy, whereby the prime minister of Morocco is the head of government, and of a  multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives of Morocco and the Assembly of Councillors. The Moroccan Constitution provides for a monarchy with a Parliament and an independent judiciary.

On June 17, 2011, King Mohammed VI announced a series of reforms that would transform Morocco into a constitutional monarchy.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Morocco a "hybrid regime" in 2022.
Bochold
Bochold (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔxɔlt]) is a northwestern borough of the city of Essen, Germany. It was incorporated into the city in 1915. Before it had been part of the Bürgermeisterei Borbeck (Borbeck district). Around 18,200 people live here.

S-Bahn trains have a stop at Bergeborbeck station, which is located in the Bochold borough. It should not be mixed up with the city of Bocholt, 60 km (37 mi) to the northwest.

Bocholt, Germany
Bocholt (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔxɔlt]) is a city in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, part of the district Borken. It is situated 4 km (2+1⁄2 miles) south of the border with the Netherlands. Suderwick is part of Bocholt and is situated at the border annex to Dinxperlo.
Herzl Kashetsky
Herzl Kashetsky LL. D. (born 1950) is a realist painter, known for his commemorative work in paintings dedicated to victims of the Holocaust. The main body of his art has been figurative, and embedded in the representational.

Robert McLaughlin Gallery
The Robert McLaughlin Gallery is a public art gallery in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest public art gallery in the Regional Municipality of Durham, of which Oshawa is a part. The gallery houses a significant collection of Canadian contemporary and modern artwork. Housed in a building designed by noted Canadian architect Arthur Erickson, the collection focuses on works by Painters Eleven, who were founded in the Oshawa studio of Painters Eleven member Alexandra Luke.
Scytale
In cryptography, a scytale (/ˈskɪtəliː/; /ˈskaɪteɪl/; also transliterated skytale, Ancient Greek: σκυτάλη skutálē "baton, cylinder", also σκύταλον skútalon) is a tool used to perform a transposition cipher, consisting of a cylinder with a strip of parchment wound around it on which a message is written. The ancient Greeks, and the Spartans in particular, are said to have used this cipher to communicate during military campaigns.

The recipient uses a rod of the same diameter on which the parchment is wrapped to read the message.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Hülsen
Hülsen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Ludwig Hülsen (1765–1809), philosopher

Dietrich von Hülsen-Haeseler (1852–1908), general

Christian Hülsen (1858–1935), historian

Bernhard von Hülsen (1865–1950), general

Hans von Hülsen (1890–1969), writer

Johann Dietrich von Hülsen, (1693–1767), Prussian general during the Seven Years' War

Dietrich von Hülsen-Haeseler
Dietrich Graf von Hülsen-Haeseler (13 February 1852 – 14 November 1908) was an infantry general of the German Empire.

He attended the War College and was attached to the German General Staff in 1882. In 1889 he was made aide de camp to Kaiser Wilhelm II, whom he had known since boyhood.

In 1894, von Hülsen-Haeseler was named military attaché at the German embassy in Vienna. In 1897, now a colonel, he returned to Berlin as commander of a guards regiment. In 1899 he was promoted to major general, made chief of general staff in the Guards Corps, and then given command of the 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade.

From May 1901 until his death in November 1908, von Hülsen-Haeseler served as Chief of the German Imperial Military Cabinet, during which time he rose to General of Infantry.
Statue of Elizabeth II, York Minster
A statue of Queen Elizabeth II was unveiled at York Minster on 9 November 2022 by King Charles III, two months after the Queen's death in September 2022. The 6ft 7in (2m) tall sculpture was intended to mark the late monarch's Platinum Jubilee and was completed in August 2022, a month before her death. The statue, which stands in a niche on the minster's west front and weighs almost two tonnes, is carved from French lepine limestone. It portrays the Queen wearing her Garter robes and the George IV State Diadem, and holding the orb and sceptre, symbols of authority. The design was chosen by the Queen. The statue was originally to have been unveiled in September 2022, but this was postponed owing to the Queen's death and state funeral that month.

Diamond Diadem
The Diamond Diadem, historically known as the George IV State Diadem, is a diadem that was made in 1820 for King George IV. The diadem has been worn by queens regnant and queens consort in procession to coronations and State Openings of Parliament. It has been featured in paintings and on stamps and currency.
Last Flight to Abuja
Last Flight to Abuja is a 2012 Nigerian disaster thriller film written by Tunde Babalola, directed and produced by Obi Emelonye, and starring Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Hakeem Kae-Kazim and Jim Iyke. Shot in Lagos, the film received five nominations at the 2013 Africa Movie Academy Awards, winning the category "Best Film by an African Abroad". On 15 June 2020, Last Flight To Abuja began streaming on Netflix eight years after it first premiered in London.

Africa Movie Academy Awards
The Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMMA) is an annual entertainment award ceremony, presented to recognize excellence among African and non-African professionals, who have contributed to the African film industry. The award was founded by Peace Anyiam-Osigwe currently run by the Africa Film Academy. It is regarded as one of Africa's most notable film events, and have been sometimes referenced as the "African Oscars".
Christof Paar
Christof Paar (born July 18, 1963, in Cologne) is a German cryptographer. He is one of the founding directors at the Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy in Bochum, Germany, a "Scientific Member" of the Max Planck Society, IEEE Fellow, and a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

University of Duisburg-Essen
The University of Duisburg-Essen (German: Universität Duisburg-Essen) is a public research university in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. In the 2019 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, the university was awarded 194th place in the world. It was originally founded in 1654 and re-established on 1 January 2003, as a merger of the Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg and the university of Essen. It is based in both the cities of Duisburg and Essen, and a part of University Alliance Metropolis Ruhr.

With its 12 departments and around 40,000 students, the University of Duisburg-Essen is among the 10 largest German universities. Since 2014, research income has risen by 150 percent. Natural science and engineering are ranked within the top 10 in Germany, and the humanities are within the top 20 to 30. Especially, the physics field is ranked in the top 1 in Germany.
Deniro Farrar
Dante Qushawan Farrar (born June 18, 1987), better known by his stage name Deniro Farrar, is an American rapper from Charlotte, North Carolina. He has collaborated with other artists such as Ryan Hemsworth, Shady Blaze, and Flosstradamus. His voice was described by The Fader as "an eerily calm rasp that never leaves the emotional range of fuming mad".

The Fader
The Fader (stylised as The FADER) is a magazine established in 1999 as an outlet for Cornerstone Agency, a marketing and public relations firm established by Rob Stone and Jon Cohen. The magazine covers music, style and culture.
USS Lindenwald
USS Lindenwald (LSD-6) was an Ashland-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy, named in honor of Lindenwald, the New York estate of President Martin Van Buren (1782–1862).

Lindenwald was authorized as a Mechanized Artillery Transport, APM-6; reclassified LSD-6 on 1 July 1942; laid down 22 February 1943 by Moore Dry Dock Co., Oakland, California; launched on 11 June 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Wilbur M. Lockhart and commissioned on 9 December 1943.

Martin Van Buren National Historic Site
Martin Van Buren National Historic Site is a unit of the United States National Park Service in Columbia County, New York, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the village of Kinderhook, 125 miles (201 km) north of New York City  and 20 miles (32 km) south of Albany. The National Historic Site preserves the Lindenwald estate owned by Martin Van Buren, the eighth president of the United States. Van Buren purchased the 36-room mansion during his presidency in 1839, and it became his home and farm from his leaving office in 1841 until his death in 1862.
Gyrtona malgassica
Gyrtona malgassica is a moth of the family Euteliidae first described by George Hamilton Kenrick in 1917. It is found on Madagascar.

This moth is greyish brown and the adults have a wingspan of 28 mm.

George Hamilton Kenrick
Sir George Hamilton Kenrick FRES (29 January 1850 – 28 May 1939) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera especially those of New Guinea. He was a prominent liberal educationist and was a councillor in Birmingham.
1900 New York state election
The 1900 New York state election was held on November 6, 1900, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

Patchogue, New York
Patchogue (/ˈpætʃɒɡ/ PATCH-og) is a village located within the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 12,408 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Patchogue is located approximately 60 miles (100 km) east of Manhattan, along the shore of Patchogue Bay – itself part of the Great South Bay.
Sticks Evans
Samuel "Sticks" Evans (February 5, 1923 – April 11, 1994) was an American drummer, percussionist, music teacher, arranger and musical director. He was credited variously as Sammy "Stick" Evans, Samie Evans, Sammy Evans, Sammie Evans, Stick Evans, Sticks Evans, and Belton Evans.

Sunnyland Slim
Albert Luandrew (September 5, 1906 – March 17, 1995), known as Sunnyland Slim, was an American blues pianist born in the Mississippi Delta and moved to Chicago, helping to make that city a center of postwar blues.

Chicago broadcaster and writer Studs Terkel said Sunnyland Slim was "a living piece of our folk history, gallantly and eloquently carrying on in the old tradition".
2017 Copa Fila – Doubles
Julio Peralta and Horacio Zeballos were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Ariel Behar and Fabiano de Paula won the title after defeating Máximo González and Fabrício Neis 7–6(7–3), 5–7, [10–8] in the final.

Julio Peralta
Julio Leonardo Peralta Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxuljo leoˈnaɾðo peˈɾalta maɾˈtines]; born 9 September 1981) is an inactive professional tennis player from Chile. Peralta has found success in the late stage of his career, reaching no. 29 in the ATP rankings in doubles. He captured six doubles titles at ATP World Tour and one singles challenger title. He went on hiatus from 2005 to 2007, from 2009 to 2011, from 2012 to 2014 and from 2018 to 2022.
Always-on DRM
Always-on DRM or always-online DRM is a form of digital rights management (DRM) that requires a consumer to remain connected to a server, especially through an internet connection, to use a particular product. The practice is also referred to as persistent online authentication. The technique is meant to prevent copyright infringement of software. Like other DRM methods, always-on DRM has proven controversial, mainly because it has failed to stop pirates from illegally using the product, while causing severe inconvenience to people who bought the product legally due to the single point of failure it inherently introduces.

Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities.  The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
2010 Malaysia Premier League
The 2010 Liga Premier, also known as the TM Liga Premier for sponsorship reasons, was the seventh season of the Liga Premier, the second-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season was held from 11 January and concluded on 23 July 2010.

During the 2010 season, Harimau Muda, which is the national feeder project team was split into two different team where Harimau Muda A went to a training camp in Zlaté Moravce, Slovakia for 8 months while Harimau Muda B competed as Harimau Muda in the remaining fixtures of 2010 Liga Premier season.

The Liga Premier champions for 2010 season was Felda United. The champions and runners-up were both promoted to 2011 Liga Super.

Harimau Muda A
Harimau Muda A was the Malaysia under-22 national football team, representing Malaysia in international football competitions such as the AFC U-22 Asian Cup, Champions Youth Cup as well as other under-22 international football tournaments. It was managed by the Football Association of Malaysia. The squad was the feeder team for Malaysia U-23. On 25 November 2015, it was confirmed that Harimau Muda A, Harimau Muda B, and Harimau Muda C were disbanded. Harimau Muda A last competed in the National Premier Leagues Queensland, having earlier participated in the S.League.
Taupo Totara Timber Railway
The Taupo Totara Timber Company Railway ("TTT Railway") was constructed by the Taupo Totara Timber Company (TTT) to link their saw-milling centre at Mokai with the New Zealand Government Railways line (NZR) at Putāruru in the Waikato region on the North Island of New Zealand. The 51 miles (82 km) long railway operated from 1905 to 1947. After the TTT switched to road transport of sawn timber, the  NZR purchased the 19 miles (31 km) stretch between Putāruru and the Kinleith Mill south of Tokoroa. The area between Putāruru and Kinleith is now(2024) served by KiwiRail's Kinleith Branch.

Kinleith Mill
The Kinleith Mill is a pulp and paper plant located at Kinleith, Tokoroa, New Zealand. It was one of eight mills operating in the New Zealand pulp and paper industry. It is currently operated by Oji Fibre Solutions, formerly Carter Holt Harvey.
Yonza Canton
Yonza is one of the cantons of the Tahua Municipality, the second municipal section of the Daniel Campos Province in the Potosí Department of Bolivia. During the census of 2001 it had 363 inhabitants. Its seat is Yonza. The canton is situated on a peninsula that juts into Salar de Uyuni on its southern end.

Municipalities of Bolivia
Municipalities in Bolivia (Spanish: municipios) are administrative divisions of the entire national territory governed by local elections. Municipalities are the third level of administrative divisions, below departments and provinces. Some of the provinces consist of only one municipality. In these cases the municipalities are identical to the provinces they belong to. There are 340 municipalities.
2005 WAFF U-15 Championship
2005 WAFF U-15 Championship was the first edition of the WAFF U-15 Championship. A WAFF youth football championship organised by the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF) for the men's under-15 national teams of West Asia. It was held in Karaj, Iran from 23 August to 29 July 2005.

West Asian Football Federation
The West Asian Football Federation (WAFF; Arabic: اتحاد غرب آسيا لكرة القدم) is a regional sub-confederation of association football, governed under the Asian Football Confederation. Founded in 2001, it governs football, futsal and beach football for nations in West Asia. The WAFF consists of 12 member associations.
Minnan region
Minnan, Banlam, or Minnan Golden Triangle (simplified Chinese: 闽南金三角; traditional Chinese: 閩南金三角; pinyin: Mǐnnán jīnsānjiǎo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm kim-saⁿ-kak; lit. 'South Fujian Golden Triangle'), refers to the coastal region in South Fujian Province, China, which includes the prefecture-level cities of Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. The region accounts for 40 percent of the GDP of Fujian Province. It is the native homeland of the Hokkien people who speak the Hokkien language or Minnan language, a variety of Southern Min.

Other terms used in the Minnan region include the one sinologist G. William Skinner used, which was the term Zhang-Quan (simplified Chinese: 漳泉分区; traditional Chinese: 漳泉分區; pinyin: Zhāng quán fēnqū; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiuⁿ chôaⁿ pun-khu) to describe the region in his guide to the physiographic macroregions of China.

Zhangzhou
Zhangzhou (/ˈdʒæŋˈdʒoʊ/, Mandarin: [ʈʂáŋ.ʈʂóʊ]) is a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, China. The prefecture around the city proper comprises the southeast corner of the province, facing the Taiwan Strait and (with Quanzhou) surrounding the prefecture of Xiamen.
Coleophora vicinella
Coleophora vicinella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from France to Ukraine and then further south.

The wingspan is 16–17 mm (0.63–0.67 in).

The larvae feed on Astragalus, Coronilla, Dorycnium, Galega and Medicago sativa. Larvae can be found from autumn to May of the following year.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.