hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Do You Speak American?
Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way of speaking from the English language to various ways of speaking in regions throughout the country. Divisions of ethnicity, geography and social status and how they affect how Americans communicate are addressed. As part of the project, MacNeil traveled across the country conducting interviews with ordinary people as well as experts such as William Labov.

In the United States, the documentary was broadcast in several parts on PBS. The companion book (ISBN 0-385-51198-1) was co-authored by MacNeil and William Cran.

William Labov
William David Labov (/ləˈboʊv/ lə-BOHV; December 4, 1927 – December 17, 2024) was an American linguist widely regarded as the founder of the discipline of variationist sociolinguistics. He has been described as "an enormously original and influential figure who has created much of the methodology" of sociolinguistics, and "one of the most influential linguists of the 20th and 21st centuries".

Labov was a professor in the linguistics department of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and pursued research in sociolinguistics, language change, and dialectology. He retired in 2015 but continued to publish research until his death in 2024.
Tanya Levin
Tanya Levin (born 25 August 1971) is an Australian social worker and writer. A former Hillsong Church member, she has described herself as a feminist and an atheist since at least 2010.

Levin has published two books. People In Glass Houses (2007), is an exposé of the Hillsong Church, in which Levin was raised. It was short-listed for the 2007 Walkley Non-fiction Book Award. Crimwife (2012), is about her relationship with a criminal. She is also the host of the 2021 podcast Leaving Hillsong, which interviews people who have left the Hillsong Church, and also Reading Hillsong, also released in 2021.

Walkley Awards
The annual Walkley Awards are presented in Australia to recognise and reward excellence in journalism. They cover all media including print, television, documentary, radio, photographic and online media. The Gold Walkley is the highest prize and is chosen from all category winners. The awards are under the administration of the Walkley Foundation for Journalism.

The Nikon Photography Prizes are also awarded by the Walkley Foundation at the awards ceremony, on behalf of Nikon.
Mokrousovsky District
Mokrousovsky District (Russian: Мокроусовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,080 square kilometers (1,190 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mokrousovo. Population: 13,115 (2010 census); 15,379 (2002 Census); 17,157 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Mokrousovo accounts for 37.0% of the district's total population.

Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast (Russian: Курга́нская о́бласть, romanized: Kurganskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 776,661, down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.
Zhao Kuangning
Zhao Kuangning (趙匡凝), courtesy name Guangyi (光儀), formally the Prince of Chu (楚王), was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who ruled Zhongyi Circuit (忠義, headquartered in modern Xiangyang, Hubei) as its military governor (jiedushi) from 892 until his defeat in 905 by Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan).

Xiangyang
Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The city itself is an agglomeration of two once separate cities: Fancheng and Xiangyang (or Xiangcheng), and was known as Xiangfan before 2010. What remains of old Xiangyang is located south of the Han River and contains one of the oldest still-intact city walls in China, while Fancheng is located to the north of the Han River. Both cities served prominent historical roles in both ancient and pre-modern Chinese history. Today, the city has been a target of government and private investment as the country seeks to urbanize and develop the interior provinces. Its built-up area made up of 3 urban districts had 2,319,640 inhabitants at the 2020 census while the whole municipality contained approximately 5,260,951 people.
Monkey (novel)
Monkey: A Folk-Tale of China, more often known as simply Monkey, is an abridged translation published in 1942 by Arthur Waley of the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Journey to the West conventionally attributed to Wu Cheng'en of the Ming dynasty. Waley's remains one of the most-read English-language versions of the novel.  The British poet Edith Sitwell characterized Monkey as "a masterpiece of right sound", one that was "absence of shadow, like the clearance and directness of Monkey's mind." The translation won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1942.

James Tait Black Memorial Prize
The James Tait Black Memorial Prizes are literary prizes awarded for literature written in the English language. They, along with the Hawthornden Prize, are Britain's oldest literary awards. Based at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, United Kingdom, the prizes were founded in 1919 by Janet Coats Black in memory of her late husband, James Tait Black, a partner in the publishing house of A & C Black Ltd. Prizes are awarded in two categories: Fiction and Biography. A Drama prize was awarded from 2013-2019.
Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's balance beam
These are the results of the women's balance beam competition, one of six events for female competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 23 at the Olympic Indoor Hall.

The medals for the competition were presented by Gian-Franco Kasper, Switzerland; IOC Members, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Jackie Fie, United States; President of the Women's Technical Committee of the FIG.

Gian Franco Kasper
Gian Franco Kasper (24 January 1944 – 9 July 2021) was a Swiss ski official who was president of the International Ski Federation (FIS) from 1998 to 2021. He also served as a member of the International Olympic Committee from 2000 to 2018 and member of the World Anti-Doping Agency from 2003 to 2021.
Khuangchera
Pasalṭha Khuangchera was a distinguished Mizo warrior renowned for his valor and leadership during the late 19th century. He is celebrated for his resistance against British colonial forces in the Lushai Hills, present-day Mizoram, India.

British rule in the Lushai Hills
British rule in the Lushai Hills, spanning from the late 1889 to the 1947, commenced with the Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889–90 leading to the formal establishment of the two administrative districts (North Lushai Hills, South Lushai Hills) in 1889 and continued through the integration of the regions into the province of Assam with both districts being merged as the Lushai Hills until India gained independence in 1947.

After the Chin–Lushai Expedition of 1889–90, South Lushai Hills was occupied in 1889, and the following year, it was formally annexed, becoming part of Bengal Presidency. North Lushai Hills was also occupied in 1889 and became part of British Assam. In 1889, the two districts merged and continued to be part of British Assam. In 1912, it was put into British India's Assam Province.
Jacques Villain
Jacques Villain (French: [vilɛ̃]; 13 March 1934 – 12 June 2022) was a French physicist. He received his PhD at the École normale supérieure, did research at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, held, from 1984 to 1988, the position of a director at the Jülich Research Centre in Germany, and he was, since 1996, directeur des recherches at the  Commissariat à l'énergie atomique. In the year 2000 he was elected as a member of the Académie des sciences.

His main research areas are in Statistical Physics, Solid State Physics, and Surface Science. He is best known for his excellent contributions to the theory of crystal growth, surface dynamics, low-dimensional magnetism, as well as spatially modulated, commensurate and incommensurate structures in solids.

Solid-state physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. Thus, solid-state physics forms a theoretical basis of materials science. Along with solid-state chemistry, it also has direct applications in the technology of transistors and semiconductors.
Kenny Kosek
Kenny Kosek (born 1949 in The Bronx, New York), is an American fiddler who plays bluegrass, country, klezmer, folk music and roots music. In addition to his solo career, he has performed with many other well-known performers and contributed to film and television soundtrack music. He is also a musical educator. He is a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science and City College of New York.

Barry Mitterhoff
Barry Mitterhoff (born September 16, 1952) is an American musician who plays mandolin. He is a former member of Skyline, Silk City, Bottle Hill, and Hot Tuna. Played with Peter Rowan, Tex Logan and Lamar Greer in The Green Grass Gringos.

Mitterhoff is also known as a film score producer, contributing to film soundtracks, including You've Got Mail.  He worked on the soundtrack for O Brother, Where Art Thou?, but his work was not included in the released version.
Traditional Republicans for Common Sense
The Traditional Republicans for Common Sense  (TRCS) was a group of around 70 dissident Republican former members of the Kansas House of Representatives and Kansas Senate opposed to the policies of fellow Republican, the 46th Governor of Kansas, Sam Brownback, seeking to bring the party back into a moderate position.

Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 senators elected from single-member districts, each with a population of about 73,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Eliran Kantor
Eliran Kantor (Hebrew: אלירן קנטור; born 13 September 1984) is a Berlin-based Israeli artist and illustrator known mostly for creating album covers for metal bands such as Thy Art Is Murder, Despised Icon, Testament, Soulfly, Helloween and My Dying Bride.

Venom Prison
Venom Prison are a Welsh death metal band. Stephen Hill of Metal Hammer described their second album as "2019’s most anticipated extreme metal albums". Their lead vocalist Larissa Stupar was described by Kerrang! as "metal's most important - and uncompromising - voice". The band has released four studio albums.
1919 Birthday Honours (OBE)
This is a list of Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) awards in the 1919 Birthday Honours.

The 1919 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette from 3 June to 12 August. The vast majority of the awards were related to the recently ended War, and were divided by military campaigns. A supplementary list of honours, retroactive to the King's birthday, was released in December 1919.

Territorial Decoration
The Territorial Decoration (TD) was a military medal of the United Kingdom awarded for long service in the Territorial Force and its successor, the Territorial Army.

This award superseded the Volunteer Officer's Decoration when the Territorial Force was formed on 1 April 1908, following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907, (7 Edw.7, c.9) which was a large reorganisation of the old Volunteer Army and the remaining units of militia and Yeomanry.  However, the Militia were transferred to the Special Reserve rather than becoming part of the Territorial Force. Recipients of this award are entitled to use the letters "TD" after their name (post-nominal).
Gerhard Fankhauser
Gerhard Fankhauser (1901–1981) was an embryologist known for his studies on amphibian development. He was a professor at Princeton from 1931 to 1969, where he retired as the Edwin Grant Conklin Professor of Biology.

Frankhauser was born in Burgdorf, Switzerland in 1901. He received his doctorate from the University of Bern in 1924 and came to the United States in 1929 as a Rockefeller research fellow at the University of Chicago. Fankhauser completed his doctorate under Fritz Baltzer and has trained Alan Humphries, who studied frog oocytes at Emory University.

Fankhauser taught an undergraduate course in comparative natural history and a graduate course in experimental embryology and developmental genetics.

Gerhard Fankhauser's wife, Erna Fankhauser, worked as a language instructor and died in a head-on collision on November 6, 1954.

University of Bern
The University of Bern (German: Universität Bern, French: Université de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a public research university in the Swiss capital of Bern. It was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students, the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
Franconia Sculpture Park
Franconia Sculpture Park is an outdoor sculpture park in Franconia, Minnesota, United States, that offers a 50-acre outdoor museum, active artist residency program, and a depth and breadth of community arts programming for a diverse and engaged public.    The 50-acre (20 ha) park, with a rotating collection of over 100 contemporary sculptures, and is free and open to the public from 8 am-8 pm daily. The park draws over 180,000 visitors annually.

On September 26, 2020, Franconia Sculpture Park opened Franconia Commons, a lively civic space that includes a visitor center, gift shop, restrooms, the Driscoll Education Center and the Mardag Gallery.  Franconia Commons is open Apr. 15 – Nov. 14: Tuesday-Sunday, 9 am-5 pm; Nov. 15 – Apr. 14: Closed; and is closed on National Holidays.

Franconia Sculpture Park is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 8 and Minnesota State Highway 95 near Taylors Falls, in the St. Croix River Valley region of Minnesota.

Minnesota State Highway 95
Minnesota State Highway 95 (MN 95) is a 126.892-mile-long (204.213 km) highway in east-central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 23 near St. Cloud and continues east and south to its southern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highways 61 / 10 (co-signed) at Cottage Grove.

This highway has two distinct segments (East–west section and a north–south section) that meet at Taylors Falls.

MN 95 passes through the cities of Princeton, Cambridge, North Branch, Taylors Falls, Stillwater, and Lakeland.
Juice It Up!
Juice It Up! is a franchised raw juice, bowl and smoothie bar company. It has 130 locations open or under development across California, Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon and Texas. Juice It Up! delivers real fruit handcrafted fruit and veggie smoothies, fresh squeezed raw juices, acai and pitaya fruit and smoothie bowls, and cold-pressed bottled juices and shots, as well as healthy snacks. Chris Britt and Ed St. Geme are the company's principal owners. The company is based in Newport Beach, California, and originated in 1995.

Newport Beach, California
Newport Beach is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, Newport Beach had a population of 85,239. Located about 40 miles (64 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles, Newport Beach is known for its sandy beaches. The city's harbor once supported maritime industries; today, it is used mostly for recreation. Balboa Island draws visitors with a waterfront path and easy access from the ferry to the shops and restaurants.
Kaisyn Kuliev
Kaisyn Shuvayevich Kuliev or Qaysin Quli (Russian: Кайсы́н Шува́евич Кули́ев, romanized: Kaisyn Shuvayevich Kuliyev; Karachay-Balkar: Къулийланы Шууаны жашы Къайсын, romanized: Quliylanı Şuwanı caşı Qaysın; 1 November 1917 – 4 June 1985) was a Balkar poet. He wrote in the Karachay-Balkar language. His poems are widely translated to most languages in the former Soviet Union, including Russian, Ossetian, Lithuanian, Belarusian, Armenian. Kuliev's books have been published in 140 languages in Europe, Asia, and America.

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
1937 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 12b
The 1937 Tour de France was the 31st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 30 June, and Stage 12b occurred on 14 July with a flat stage to Montpellier. The race finished in Paris on 25 July.

Digne-les-Bains
Digne-les-Bains (French pronunciation: [diɲ le bɛ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Dinha dei Banhs), or simply and historically Digne (Dinha in the classical norm or Digno in the Mistralian norm), is the prefecture of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southern France. Its inhabitants are called Dignois (masculine) and Dignoises (feminine).
Gioventù
Gioventù (Youth in Italian) is a painting by the Brazilian painter and designer Eliseu Visconti, from 1898.

Visconti was educated in Paris and influenced by Impressionism, Art Nouveau and Symbolism. His work was to some extent a modern interpretation of these tendencies he got acquainted to in Paris.

Visconti drew Gioventù in Paris in 1898. This artwork was painted in oil on a canvas; it measures 65 x 49 cm and is on display at the Rio de Janeiro National Museum of Art.

The work was first exhibited at the Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts, Paris, in 1899, under the title Melancolie. Still with that title, it conquered the silver medal in the Exposition Universelle of 1900, in Paris.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Greatest Hits (Partridge Family album)
Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by The Partridge Family released by Arista in 1989. It contains 16 songs, including the TV show's second theme song, "Come on Get Happy" which was never featured on a Partridge family album, and two songs by David Cassidy as a solo act: "Cherish" and "Could It Be Forever". It has liner notes by Danny Bonaduce and a Partridge Family trivia quiz. The cover has a picture of a period lunchbox with a cartoon picture of the family in red velvet suits.

Danny Bonaduce
Dante Daniel Bonaduce (/ˈbɒnəˈduːtʃiː/; born August 13, 1959) is an American retired radio personality, actor, television personality and professional wrestler. Bonaduce is the son of veteran TV writer and producer Joseph Bonaduce (The Dick Van Dyke Show, That Girl, One Day at a Time and others).

Bonaduce became famous as a child actor of the 1970s on the TV sitcom The Partridge Family. He co-starred as Danny Partridge, the wisecracking, redheaded middle son of the singing family band (headed by Shirley Jones) and he portrayed the fictional pop group's bass guitar player. Since then, Bonaduce has starred in several other TV series, including the VH1 reality show Breaking Bonaduce in 2005, has done radio shows in Los Angeles and Philadelphia and hosted a morning talk/music show at Seattle radio station KZOK-FM from 2011 to 2023.
The Great Australian Bake Off season 6
The sixth season of The Great Australian Bake Off premiered on 27 January 2022 on the LifeStyle channel, and saw 12 home bakers take part in a bake-off to test their baking skills as they battled to be crowned The Great Australian Bake Off's best amateur baker. The season consisted of 10 episodes. Each episode saw bakers put through three challenges, with each episode having its own theme or discipline. The season aired from 27 January 2022 until 31 March 2022, and saw Ella Rossanis win. The season was hosted by Claire Hooper and Mel Buttle, and was judged by Maggie Beer and Matt Moran.

Claire Hooper
Claire Hooper (born 5 September 1976) is an Australian stand-up comedian, television and radio presenter and writer. Hooper previously co-hosted The Great Australian Bake Off alongside Mel Buttle.

She appeared as a team captain on the 2008 revival of Good News Week on Network Ten and was a regular on The Sideshow, appearing with Paul McDermott. Since 2005, she has regularly performed at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival.
USS New Hampshire (SSN-778)
USS New Hampshire (SSN-778), a Virginia-class nuclear-powered attack submarine, is the fourth vessel of the United States Navy to be named for the state of New Hampshire. She is the first of the Virginia-class Block-II submarines to enter service. Her name was awarded to the submarine after a letter-writing campaign by the third-graders from Garrison Elementary School and sixth graders from Dover Middle School in Dover to their members of Congress, the state governor, and the Secretary of the Navy.

Dover, New Hampshire
Dover is a city in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 32,741 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous city in the New Hampshire Seacoast region and the fifth most populous city in New Hampshire.

It is the county seat of Strafford County, and home to Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, the Woodman Institute Museum, and the Children's Museum of New Hampshire.