hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3% Case
The 3% Case (Spanish: Caso 3 %), also called the Adigsa Case or the Convergència Case, was a political corruption scandal surrounding the Generalitat de Catalunya, under the control of the Convergence and Union (CiU) electoral alliance, illegally taking commissions on public works projects. It was first given attention by the then-President Pasqual Maragall in 2005, and was later shelved. Following Jordi Pujol's admission in 2014 that he and his family had maintained accounts in tax havens for three decades, the investigation was reopened. As of 2025, the case remains ongoing.

In January 2018, the CiU and its successor, the Catalan European Democratic Party, were charged with influencing trafficking, bribery and money laundering. The CiU folded in 2015 owing to internal division over its independence strategy,

President of the Government of Catalonia
The president of the Government of Catalonia (Catalan: President de la Generalitat de Catalunya, IPA: [pɾəziˈðen də lə ʒənəɾəliˈtad də kətəˈluɲə]) is head of government of Catalonia, leading the executive branch of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government.

It is one of the bodies that the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia stipulates as part of the Generalitat de Catalunya, others being the Parliament, the Govern or Executive Council, the Council for Statutory Guarantees, and the Catalan Ombudsman (Síndic de Greuges).

The current president is Salvador Illa of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, who won a plurality in the 2024 Catalan regional election and formed the first unionist government in Catalonia since 2010.
Bhullar v Bhullar
Bhullar v Bhullar [2003] EWCA Civ 424, 2 BCLC 241 is a leading UK company law case on the principle that directors must avoid any possibility of a conflict of interest, particular relating to corporate opportunities.  It was not decided under, but is relevant to, section 175 of the Companies Act 2006.

Corporate opportunity
The corporate opportunity doctrine is the legal principle providing that directors, officers, and controlling shareholders of a corporation must not take for themselves any business opportunity that could benefit the corporation.  The corporate opportunity doctrine is one application of the fiduciary duty of loyalty.
Pookah Makes Three
The Pookah Makes Three were an electronic pop music group from the United Kingdom formed in 1981. The members were Martyn Watson and Mallett (Martyn Hallett); both former members of UK indie band Lost Touch. They released four singles for the 10 Records label (later a subsidiary of Virgin), with "Take It Back" being moderately successful. The group broke up in 1986 after their fourth single "Love Can't Be Far" failed to chart.

Watson later joined Twelfth Night on bass guitar and vocals. He then became a successful talent scout, as well as working with artists including Patti Smith, Divinyls and David Bowie. Martyn Watson died in May, 2019.

In 1989, Hallett joined Transvision Vamp on live drums.

The band's name refers to a fairy in Celtic folklore, the púca.

Transvision Vamp
Transvision Vamp are an English pop rock band, originally from Putney, London. Formed in 1986 by Nick Christian Sayer and Wendy James, the band enjoyed chart success in the late 1980s, particularly in 1989. James, the lead singer and focal point of the group, attracted media attention with her sexually charged and rebellious image.

The band had 10 UK chart hits and also enjoyed considerable success in Australia. Transvision Vamp's top single was 1989's "Baby I Don't Care", which reached number three in the UK and Australian charts.

Sayer wrote the majority of the band's songs, but, unlike James, did not pursue a solo career after they disbanded.
Álvaro of Córdoba (Dominican)
Álvaro of Córdoba, OP (c.1350–c.1430) was a Spanish Dominican friar venerated in the Catholic Church. Born in Zamora, he entered the Order of Preachers in 1368 and preached throughout Spain and Italy.

He also established the priory of Scala Caeli in Córdoba, where he promoted the regular life. By his teachings on and contemplation of Jesus’ Passion, he spread the practice of the Way of the Cross throughout the West.

He died on 19 February 1430, and was beatified by Pope Benedict XIV in 1741.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
Qurain, Kuwait
Qurain City (Arabic: منطقة القرين) is an area in Kuwait, located in the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Governorate. The name is also an old name of the state of Kuwait.
The name "Qurain" itself means elevated land or hill.

Areas of Kuwait
Kuwait is divided into six governorates, and in each there are several areas (Arabic: مناطِق). They are much less commonly called by other names such as districts or towns. However, they are commonly known inside the English-speaking community in Kuwait and are officially translated to as areas. The Arabic word for area, Mintaqah, means both area and region. Areas are further sub-divided into blocks, each of which is referred by a number. All blocks are divided into streets (Arabic: شارع) šāriʿ. Then some areas may be further sub-divided into (Arabic: جادة) Jadda, which is translated to avenue or lane.

Each area in Kuwait has an official governmental facility called a co-op society or just society (Arabic: جمعية). They are mainly supermarkets that provide foods and products and they take part in maintaining some of the areas landmarks, but they're not legally obliged to. They have elected members who manage them. Only residents of the area can vote for their society's membership.
MOCADI
MOCADI is a Monte Carlo simulation  program used to calculate the transport of charged particle beams--as well as fragmentation and fission products from nuclear reactions in target materials--through ion optical systems described by transfer matrices (including up to third order Taylor expansion coefficients) and through layers of matter.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Edward Popham
Edward Popham (1610–1651) was a general at sea during the English Civil War.

Popham supported parliament in the English Civil War. He was elected M.P. for Minehead in 1644. He commanded a force in Somerset and Dorset. He was appointed a commissioner for the immediate ordering of the navy in 1648 and commanded in the Downs and North Sea during 1649. In 1650, he joined Robert Blake at Lisbon in blockading Prince Rupert.

Minehead (UK Parliament constituency)
Minehead was a parliamentary borough in Somerset, forming part of the town of Minehead, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1563 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Floating Schools
Floating Schools in Bangladesh are mobile educational boats designed to provide access to schooling in flood-prone, riverine and haor regions of the country. These floating classrooms operate on boats or pontoons equipped with solar power, internet facilities, and educational resources. They offer formal and non-formal education to children who are unable to attend conventional schools due to seasonal or permanent flooding.

Renewable energy in Bangladesh
Renewable energy in Bangladesh refers to the use of renewable energy to generate electricity in Bangladesh. The current renewable energy comes from biogas that is originated from biomass, hydro power, solar and wind. According to National database of Renewable Energy total renewable energy capacity installed in Bangladesh 1374.68 MW.

Bangladesh boasts the world's most extensive off-grid solar power initiative, a valuable source of insights and guidance for other nations seeking to enhance availability of economical and eco-friendly electricity. Through the utilization of solar energy, this initiative has facilitated electricity access for 20 million residents of Bangladesh.
Tržec
Tržec (pronounced [ˈtəɾʒəts]) is a settlement at the confluence of the Polskava River with the Dravinja in the Municipality of Videm in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

There is a small rectangular chapel-shrine with a polygonal apse in the settlement. It was built in 1922.

Dravinja
The Dravinja (German: Drann, pronounced [dʁan] ⓘ) is the largest tributary of the Drava River in Slovenia. It is 73 kilometres (45 mi) long. Its source is on the Pohorje Massif southwest of Mount Rogla about 1,150 m above sea level. The river passes Zreče, the town of Slovenske Konjice, the ruins of the fort at Zbelovo, Poljčane, Makole, Štatenberg Castle, Majšperk, and Videm pri Ptuju, where it merges with the Drava. Its main tributary is the Polskava River.

The Dravinja is the best-preserved lowland river in Slovenia and has been protected as part of the European Natura 2000 network. In addition, the river is distinguished by the Pečnik Mill, which has been proclaimed an ethnological monument.
Breizeh
Breizeh (Arabic: بريزة)  is a Syrian village located in Wadi al-Uyun Nahiyah in Masyaf District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Breizeh had a population of 196 in the 2004 census.

Masyaf District
Masyaf District (Arabic: مصياف Maṣyāf)  is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 169,341. Its administrative centre is the city of Masyaf.
Cégep Limoilou
Cégep Limoilou is a French-language CEGEP in the province of Quebec, situated in La Cité-Limoilou, a borough of Quebec City.

Cégep Limoilou offers pre-university and technical programs, continuing education and corporate services. It has 6 faculties and 43 programs leading to a Diploma of College Studies (DEC) and 20 programs lead to an Attestation of College Studies (AEC).

La Cité-Limoilou
La Cité-Limoilou (French pronunciation: [la site limwalu]) is the central borough of Quebec City, the oldest (in terms of architecture), and the most populous, comprising 19.73% of the city's total population.  As an administrative division, it is very new, having only been formed on November 1, 2009, from the former boroughs of La Cité and Limoilou.
DTE Electric Company
DTE Electric Company (formerly The Detroit Edison Company) is an investor-owned electric utility founded in 1886 in Detroit, Michigan. As the largest electric utility in Michigan, it serves approximately 2.3 million customers in the southeastern portion of the state.

As of 2022, 68.58% of DTE's electricity generation came from coal, gas, and oil sources, exceeding the regional average of 65.82%. The utility's emissions of major pollutants, including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, also surpass regional averages, though its high-level nuclear waste output is comparatively lower.

DTE Electric provides service to most of Southeast Michigan, parts of the Michigan thumb region and portions of Western Michigan

The company maintains one of the largest electric distribution networks in the Midwest, with over 44,000 miles (71,000 km) of power lines.

Electric utility
An electric utility, power utility, electric company, or power company is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility) that engages in electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market. Electric utilities are major providers of energy in most countries.

Electric utilities include investor owned, publicly owned, cooperatives, and nationalized entities. They may be engaged in all or only some aspects of the industry. Electricity markets are also considered electric utilities—these entities buy and sell electricity, acting as brokers, but usually do not own or operate generation, transmission, or distribution facilities. Utilities are regulated by local and national authorities.

Electric utilities are facing increasing demands including aging infrastructure, reliability, and regulation.

In 2009, the French company EDF was the world's largest producer of electricity.
Greater Noida Press Club
Greater Noida Press Club is a social organization of journalists from Noida, Greater Noida and Delhi NCR. It works for journalists' professional, social and economic development. The aim of the organization is to develop high standards in journalism and protect the rights of journalists. Greater Noida Press Club was established on 24 July 2003. The idea of establishing a press club in Greater Noida was after seeing the organizations and associations of journalists In cities like Meerut, Muzaffarnagar and Saharanpur.

Greater Noida
Greater Noida is a planned city located in the Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was created as an extension of the area under the UP Industrial Area Development Act, of 1976. Situated 40.2 km (25.0 mi) southeast of the Center of the capital city New Delhi, it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway. The city is administered by the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA).

Noida was one of several planned cities developed in the 1980s to address rapid population growth in metropolitan areas such as Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata. However, population growth in Noida surpassed early projections, prompting the Government of Uttar Pradesh to plan an extension of the city — later developed as Greater Noida.
Enbridge Pipelines
Enbridge Pipelines is a collection of four different systems of natural gas pipelines, all owned by Enbridge. They include the Enbridge Pipelines (AlaTenn) system, the Enbridge Pipelines (MidLa) system, the Enbridge Offshore Pipelines (UTOS) system, and the Enbridge Pipelines (KPC) system.

The AlaTenn system brings gas between Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama. Its FERC code is 1.

The MidLa brings gas from southern Louisiana to northern Louisiana, through Mississippi. Its FERC code is 15.

The UTOS system gathers gas from the offshore Gulf of Mexico and brings it into Louisiana and Alabama. Its FERC code is 74.

The KPC system brings gas between Oklahoma and northeast Kansas. Its FERC code is 166.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is an independent agency of the United States government that regulates the interstate transmission and wholesale sale of electricity and natural gas and regulates the prices of interstate transport of petroleum by pipeline. FERC also reviews proposals to build interstate natural gas pipelines, natural gas storage projects, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, in addition to licensing non-federal hydropower projects.

FERC was created in 1977 by the U.S. Congress in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. FERC is an independent agency, even though it is part of the U.S. Department of Energy. It is headed by five commissioners who are nominated by the U.S. president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. There may be no more than three commissioners of one political party serving on the commission at any given time.
Cross Timbers State Park
Cross Timbers State Park is a state park in Woodson County, Kansas, United States.  It is located immediately south of Toronto.

The park is settled within the hills of Verdigris River valley in southeast Kansas. Comprising 1,075 acres (435 ha) in the northern region known to early pioneers as the Cross Timbers, the park is adjacent 4,600-acre (1,900 ha) Toronto Wildlife Area and has numerous access points to the 2,800-acre (1,100 ha) Toronto Lake.

This region was a favored hunting and camping ground of Native Americans of the Osage Nation. The forested flood plains are surrounded by terraces of prairie and hills of oak savanna.

Fishing in the river offers anglers an excellent chance at white crappie, white bass, channel catfish, and flathead catfish, black bass, bluegill, and  sunfish. Species common to the area included white-tailed deer, wild turkey, quail, squirrel, rabbit, dove, and raccoon. The rich variety of songbirds appeal to wildlife observers and photographers.

Flathead catfish
The flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), also called by several common names including mudcat or shovelhead cat, is a large species of North American freshwater catfish in the family Ictaluridae. It is the only species of the genus Pylodictis. Ranging from the lower Great Lakes region to northern Mexico, it has been widely introduced and is an invasive species in some areas.  The closest living relative of the flathead catfish is the much smaller widemouth blindcat, Satan eurystomus, a cavefish.
Shreeram Lagoo filmography
Shreeram Lagoo was an Indian film and theatre actor, in Hindi and Marathi. He was known for his character roles in films. He acted in over 250 films including Hindi and Marathi films as well as Hindi, Marathi, and Gujarati plays, and directed over 20 Marathi plays. He won the 1978 Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for the Hindi film Gharaonda.

Gupchup Gupchup
Gupchup Gupchup is a Marathi-language romantic comedy film was released on 22 December 1983. It was directed by V. K. Naik and produced by Kishor Miskin under the banner of Shivshakti Productions. It stars Ashok Saraf, Ranjana Deshmukh, Kuldeep Pawar, Mahesh Kothare, Shubhangi Rawate, Padma Chavan, Shriram Lagoo in main roles.
Ace of Hearts Records
Ace of Hearts was a British record label founded by Decca Records in 1961, with the aim of reissuing early jazz and popular music on low-priced LPs.

The catalogue included recordings by Bing Crosby, Billie Holiday, Judy Garland, and Ella Fitzgerald. Vocal groups are represented by the Ink Spots and the Mills Brothers, folk and traditional country music by Burl Ives, Uncle Dave Macon and the Carter Family, rock and roll by Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, Brenda Lee and Johnny Burnette, blues by Josh White, Lightnin' Hopkins, Sonny Terry, and Brownie McGhee (and two compilation albums issued under the title Out Came the Blues, and jazz by Louis Armstrong, Eddie Condon, King Oliver, and Art Tatum.

Ace of Clubs Records, a partner label, issued music recorded in Europe.

Uncle Dave Macon
David Harrison Macon (October 7, 1870 – March 22, 1952), known professionally as Uncle Dave Macon, was an American old-time banjo player, singer, songwriter, and comedian.  Known as "The Dixie Dewdrop", Macon was known for his chin whiskers, plug hat, gold teeth, and gates-ajar collar; he gained regional fame as a vaudeville performer in the early 1920s before becoming the first star of the Grand Ole Opry in the latter half of the decade.

Macon's music is considered the ultimate bridge between 19th-century American folk and vaudeville music and the phonograph and radio-based music of the early 20th-century. Music historian Charles Wolfe wrote, "If people call yodelling Jimmie Rodgers 'the father of country music,' then Uncle Dave must certainly be 'the grandfather of country music'." Macon's polished stage presence and lively personality have made him one of the most enduring figures of early country music.
Dónal Murphy
Dónal Murphy is a British-born Irish traditional accordionist, known for his work with the band Four Men and a Dog. Born in Birmingham to a father who played the button accordion and a mother who was a step dancer, he moved to Limerick as a child.  Here he co-founded Four Men and a Dog in 1990 together with Cathal Hayden (fiddle), Brian McGrath (banjo), Gino Lupari (Bodhrán) and Mick Daly (guitar/vocals).

In 2009 he released the solo album “Happy Hour”, and since 2015 he tours with his band "Breaking Trad". He has also played in the band Sliabh Notes with Matt Cranitch and Tommy O'Sullivan, a band specializing in the traditional music of the Sliabh Luachra region.

Tommy O'Sullivan
Thomas Paul O'Sullivan (born 18 January 1995) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays for Thai League 3 club Samui United.

A Wales youth international, O'Sullivan began his professional career with Cardiff City in 2012, making his debut in the League Cup in August 2012. He made his English Football League debut on loan at Port Vale in February 2015. After two loan spells at Newport County during the 2015–16 season, he signed for Colchester United in January 2017. He joined Torquay United on loan for the remainder of the 2017–18 season in January 2018. Having been released by Colchester, he signed with Hereford in October 2018. He spent under two years with Hereford before moving to Gloucester City in August 2020. After three seasons with Gloucester, he moved on to Brackley Town. He won the National League North title with the club at the end of the 2024–25 season. He moved to Thailand to play for Samui United in August 2025.
Cuboid fracture
A cuboid fracture is a fracture of the cuboid bone of the foot. Diagnosis is by X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, or bone scan. Treatment may be conservative or involve surgery, depending on the type of fracture. They are rare.

If the cuboid bone is broken, then it is common for other bones in the foot to be broken or dislocated as well.  Cuboid fractures are associated with Lisfranc injuries.

Conservative treatment
Conservative treatment is a type of medical treatment defined by the avoidance of invasive procedures, such as surgery, usually with the intent to preserve function or body parts, maintain quality of life, or avoid the risk of complications from surgery. The effectiveness of a conservative treatment plan depends on patient/provider goals as well as the stage and type of disease or injury.
Mike Marr
Mike Marr is the Director of Product Development for Novel, Inc. a videogame and enterprise simulation developer in the Seattle area. As Director of Product Development, he is responsible for management of the design team, company direction, culture, and creation of new intellectual properties.

Marr's background includes experience designing massively multiplayer strategy games, real time strategy and role playing game titles. He has also worked as a UI engineer, tools programmer, and online technologies consultant.

Other titles Marr has worked on include strategy games such as Gas Powered Games’ Supreme Commander, and SSI’s Panzer General, role-playing games such as Demigod, Dungeon Siege II and Space Siege, Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance, as well as MMO games such as Empire & State, Electronic Arts' The Sims Online, Earth & Beyond and Motor City Online.

Demigod (video game)
Demigod is a multiplayer online battle arena video game developed by Gas Powered Games for Microsoft Windows platform and released on April 14, 2009. The game's title refers to the powerful player characters that battle for supremacy over various zones. The game is multiplayer-oriented and competitive in nature, though it also features a single-player mode against CPU commanded characters. A free demo featuring a multi-player option became available on July 30, 2009 with all gameplay modes unlocked.