hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Microbiology Spectrum
Microbiology Spectrum is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society for Microbiology. Topics the journal covers include: archaea, food microbiology, bacterial genetics, cell biology, physiology, clinical microbiology, environmental microbiology, ecology, eukaryotic microbes, genomics, computational and synthetic microbiology, immunology, pathogenesis, and virology.

The journal was established in October 2013. In Spring 2021, it became an online-only open access publication.

Food microbiology
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food. This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing probiotics.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
In biochemistry, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase or HMG-CoA synthase EC 2.3.3.10 is an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction in which acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). This reaction comprises the second step in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. HMG-CoA is an intermediate in both cholesterol synthesis and ketogenesis. This reaction is overactivated in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 if left untreated, due to prolonged insulin deficiency and the exhaustion of substrates for gluconeogenesis and the TCA cycle, notably oxaloacetate. This results in shunting of excess acetyl-CoA into the ketone synthesis pathway via HMG-CoA, leading to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis.

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, H2O, and acetoacetyl-CoA, whereas its two products are (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA and CoA.

In humans, the protein is encoded by the HMGCS1 gene on chromosome 5.

Ketogenesis
Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies by breaking down fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. The process supplies energy  to certain organs, particularly the brain, heart and skeletal muscle, under specific scenarios including fasting, caloric restriction, sleep, or others. (In rare metabolic diseases, insufficient gluconeogenesis can cause excessive ketogenesis and hypoglycemia, which may lead to the life-threatening condition known as non-diabetic ketoacidosis.)
Benjamin Whichcote
Benjamin Whichcote (March 1609 – May 1683) was an English Establishment and Puritan priest, 
Provost of King's College, Cambridge and leader of the Cambridge Platonists. He held that man is the "child of reason" and so not completely depraved by nature, as Puritans held. He also argued for religious toleration.

Total depravity
Total depravity (also called radical corruption or pervasive depravity) is a Protestant theological doctrine derived from the concept of original sin. It teaches that, as a consequence of the Fall, every person born into the world is enslaved to the service of sin as a result of their fallen nature and, apart from the efficacious (irresistible) or prevenient (enabling) grace of God, is completely unable to choose by themselves to follow God, refrain from evil, or accept the gift of salvation as it is offered.

The doctrine is advocated to various degrees by many Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism and all Calvinist churches. Arminian denominations, such as Methodists, believe and teach total depravity, but with distinct differences, the most important of which is the distinction between irresistible grace and prevenient grace.
Laurence J. Zastrow
Laurence J. Zastrow (born October 19, 1945) was a justice of the South Dakota Supreme Court from August 10, 1976 to 1978.

Born in Gann Valley, South Dakota, Zastrow received a B.A. from the University of South Dakota–Springfield and an LL.B. from the University of South Dakota, and served as director of the Pennington County, South Dakota, Public Defender Program from 1973 to 1976.

Zastrow was appointed to the court by Governor Richard F. Kneip, following the death of James M. Doyle. He was defeated for reelection to the court in 1978 by Frank Henderson.

Richard F. Kneip
Richard Francis Kneip (January 7, 1933 – March 9, 1987) was an American diplomat and politician who served as the 25th governor of South Dakota from 1971 until 1978 and the 6th United States Ambassador to the Republic of Singapore. He was a member of the Democratic Party and the first Catholic Governor of South Dakota, he is the most recent Governor of South Dakota elected from the party, and the only Governor of his party to be elected more than twice.
Black Duck Creek (Ontario)
Black Duck Creek is a stream in geographic Osborne Township in the Unorganized North Part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, is a left tributary of the Jocko River, and lies entirely within Jocko Rivers Provincial Park.

Black Duck Creek begins at an unnamed bog next to the community of Osborne on the Ontario Northland Railway. It travels south adjacent to the railway, takes in one and then a second unnamed right tributary, and turns east. The creek takes in an unnamed left tributary, and reaches its mouth at the Jocko River, immediately after that river flows out of its source at Jocko Lake. The Jocko River flows via the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
Natalie McCool
Natalie Hannah McCool is an English singer-songwriter and musician. She first became recognised when she won a Yamaha-sponsored national songwriting competition judged by Coldplay frontman Chris Martin. While at university, she received a one-to-one songwriting session with Paul McCartney.

Yamaha Corporation
Yamaha Corporation (ヤマハ株式会社, Yamaha Kabushiki gaisha; /ˈjɑːməhɑː/; Japanese pronunciation: [jamaha]) is a Japanese multinational musical instrument and audio equipment manufacturer.

It is one of the constituents of Nikkei 225 and is the world's largest musical instrument manufacturing company.

The former motorcycle division was established in 1955 as Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., which started as an affiliated company but has been spun-off as its own independent company.
J. Levy Dabadie Correctional Center
J. Levy Dabadie Correctional Center (JLDCC or DCC) was a men's prison adjacent to the Louisiana National Guard base on the grounds of Camp Beauregard and in Pineville, Louisiana. A facility of the Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections, JLDCC is about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the intersection of U.S. Route 165 and Louisiana Highway 116.

Dabadie opened in 1970. It was previously named Work Training Facility North. Dabadie is the transportation hub between the prisons in northern Louisiana and the prisons in southern Louisiana. On every Monday Dabadie processes hundreds of male prisoners who are being sent to and from the Wade Reception and Diagnostic Center and the Hunt Reception and Diagnostic Center. The center also processes prisoners being sent from local facilities to the two reception centers.

It closed in July 2012. The state planned to move the 330 prisoners at Dabadie to the Avoyelles Correctional Center. Over 100 people lost their jobs.

U.S. Route 165
U.S. Route 165 is a north–south United States highway spur of U.S. Highway 65.  It currently runs for 412 miles (663 km) from U.S. Route 90 in Iowa, Louisiana north to U.S. Highway 70 in North Little Rock, Arkansas. The route passes through the states of Arkansas and Louisiana.  It passes through the cities of Monroe and Alexandria in Louisiana. A segment of US 165 serves as a routing of the Great River Road within Arkansas.
Little River (Fish River tributary)
The Little River is a short river in Madawaska, Maine, about 4 miles (6 km) from the Canada–United States border. 
The river flows west 5.1 miles (8.2 km) from its source (47°15′03″N 68°11′53″W﻿ / ﻿47.2509°N 68.1981°W﻿ / 47.2509; -68.1981﻿ (Little River source)) to Long Lake. The lake drains — via Mud Lake, Cross Lake, Square Lake, and Eagle Lake — into the Fish River, a tributary of the Saint John River.

Madawaska, Maine
Madawaska is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,867 at the 2020 census. Madawaska is opposite Edmundston, Madawaska County in New Brunswick, Canada, to which it is connected by the Edmundston–Madawaska Bridge over the Saint John River. According to the most recent American Community Survey data, up to 46.2% of the population age 5 and older speak French at home.
Griffinia nocturna
Griffinia nocturna is a bulbous species of flowering plant which is endemic to Brazil. Together with another closely related species, Griffinia gardneriana, it forms its own subgenus in the genus Griffinia named Hyline. A distinguishing feature of G. nocturna is that the flowers are white while almost all of the other members of the genus have lilac or blue flowers. They are scented, collected into an umbel. The plant blooms during the night and the flowers have already faded by the next day. The leaves are green and oblanceolate. Endemic to Brazil, it grows in arid or semi-arid regions from central to northern Brazil, in zones known as caatingas.

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
María J. Carro
María Jesús Carro Rossell (born 1961) is a Spanish mathematician specializing in mathematical analysis, including Fourier analysis, functional analysis, harmonic analysis, operator theory and the analysis of Lorentz spaces. She is a professor at the Complutense University of Madrid, in the Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applied Mathematics.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Juan Nazario
Juan Nazario (born September 27, 1963) is a former professional boxer. During his career, which lasted from 1982 to 1993, Nazario won the WBA world lightweight title. His first world title challenge came in 1987 when he fought fellow Puerto Rican Edwin Rosario for the WBA belt, Rosario won the fight by an eighth round knockout. Nazario and Rosario fought a rematch in 1990, once again for the WBA title. Nazario was able to reverse the result of the first fight by beating Rosario in the eighth round to become champion. In his first defense Nazario challenged Pernell Whitaker for the undisputed title. Whitaker won the fight in the first round and Nazario never fought for a world title again. Nazario fought for a final time on July 10, 1993, beating Angel Cordova by unanimous decision.

Undisputed championship (boxing)
In boxing, the undisputed champion of a weight class is the boxer who simultaneously holds world titles from all major organizations recognized by each other and the International Boxing Hall of Fame. There are currently four major sanctioning bodies: WBA, WBC, WBO, and IBF. There were many undisputed champions before the number of major sanctioning bodies recognizing each other increased to four in 2007, but there have been only 24 boxers (11 male and 13 female) to hold all four titles simultaneously.
Smith Corner, Pennsylvania
Smith Corner is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in southwestern Blair County, in the western part of Freedom Township. It sits at the base of the Allegheny Front in the valley of South Dry Run, an eastward-flowing tributary of the Frankstown Branch Juniata River. Pennsylvania Route 164 passes through the community, leading east 3 miles (5 km) to East Freedom and west 11 miles (18 km) over the Allegheny Front to Portage.

Pennsylvania Route 164
Pennsylvania Route 164 (PA 164) is a 36-mile-long (58 km) state highway located in Cambria, Blair, and Bedford counties in Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at an interchange with U.S. Route 22 (US 22) in Munster Township.  The eastern terminus is at PA 26 near Raystown Lake.
Bayton
Bayton is a village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District of Worcestershire, England.  According to the 2021 census it had a population of 535.  The village is located 6 miles (10 km) west of Bewdley. The Village Hall was built and decorated following years of hard work by dedicated local villagers. There is a church dedicated to St Bartholomew and within the Wyre Forest West group of parishes.

Bayton was in the lower division of Doddingtree Hundred.

The name Bayton derives from the Old English Beagetūn or Baegatūn, meaning 'Beage/Baega's settlement'.

Bewdley
Bewdley (/ˈbjuːdli/ ⓘ BEWD-lee) is a town and civil parish in the Wyre Forest District in Worcestershire, England, on the banks of the River Severn. It is in the Severn Valley, and is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Kidderminster, 12.5 miles (20.1 km) north of Worcester and 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Birmingham. It lies on the River Severn, at the gateway of the Wyre Forest national nature reserve, and at the time of the 2021 census had a population of 9,267. Bewdley is a popular tourist destination and is known for the Bewdley Bridge, designed by Thomas Telford, and the well-preserved Georgian riverside.
Janina Buzūnaitė-Žukaitienė
Janina Buzūnaitė-Žukaitienė (born July 17, 1955, in Daugai, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian painter, poet, creator of accessories and metal sculptures. She is a member of the Federation of Canadian Artists (FCA) since 2000. Abstract themes are dominant in the artist's work, and expressionism is felt throughout all her paintings. The author's poems are mostly influenced by neo-romanticism and modern rhyming techniques. Regarding fashion accessories, they are massive but with close attention to detail – giving them a sense of social status.

Alytus
Alytus (Lithuanian: [ɐlʲiːˈtʊs] ⓘ) is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the sixth-largest city in Lithuania and the 14th-largest city in the Baltic states, and also the capital of Alytus County. Being the historical centre of the Dzūkija region, it is connected to several major roads, linking it with the cities of Vilnius; Kaunas; Lazdijai, which is on the border with Poland; and Grodno, Belarus. In July 2024, its total population was counted as 50,996 people. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas river.

For centuries, the city was divided into two separate entities. Even today, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as Alytus I and Alytus II. The Alytus I half is smaller, and less developed than the Alytus II half, which forms the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas.
Paopi 2
Paopi 1 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 3

The second day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to September 29, of the Julian calendar, and October 12, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Akhet, the season of inundation.

Paopi
Paopi (Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲱⲡⲉ, Paōpe), also known as Phaophi (Ancient Greek: Φαωφί, Phaōphí) and Babah (Arabic: بابه, Baba), is the second month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lasts between 11 October and 9 November of the Gregorian calendar, unless the previous Coptic year was a leap year.

The month of Paopi is the second month of the Season of Akhet (Inundation) in Ancient Egypt, when the Nile floods inundated the land. (They have not done so since the construction of the High Dam at Aswan.)
Vin Burnham
Vinilla "Vin" Burnham is a British costume designer whose work has appeared in film, television, theatre and commercials. She is best known for creating the Batsuit for Tim Burton's Batman films, the lion Aslan for the BBC's The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, and Lady Gaga's Living Dress.

Burnham began her career in the 1970s as a costume and prop maker in theatre, before costume designer James Acheson brought her in to make costumes for the film Time Bandits (1981). Following several projects with Jim Henson's Creature Shop, Burnham sculpted costumes for Tim Burton's Batman films and created creature effects for a series of science fiction films. In the late 1990s, Burnham moved into costume design for film and TV. Her creature designs were seen in the BBC children's series the Boohbah and In the Night Garden.... Bunham also designed costumes for commercials, and received the British Advertising Craft Award in 2003.

Batsuit
The Batsuit (or Bat-Suit) is a fictional tactical costume worn by the fictional superhero Batman, which appears in comics published by the American company DC Comics, and related media. The suit has been depicted in various artistic iterations, and the stories themselves have described Batman as modifying the details of his costume from time to time typically using military and SWAT standards materials and technology that evolved into an advanced combat suit. However, it usually consists of a gray body suit, the chest emblazoned with a stylized black bat either with or without a yellow ellipse around it, and blue-black accessories: a wide scalloped cape, gloves with a series of fin-like projections, trunks, boots, and a close-fitting cowl (covering his head) with ear-like projections to suggest a bat's head; and a yellow utility belt containing a variety of gadgets.
Radio Land
"Radio Land" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey.  It was released in August 1984 as the fourth single from The Heart Never Lies.  The song reached #19 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.  The song was written by Murphey, Chick Rains and Jim Ed Norman.

Michael Martin Murphey
Michael Martin Murphey (born March 14, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter. He was one of the founding artists of progressive country. A multiple Grammy nominee, Murphey has six gold albums including Cowboy Songs, the first album of cowboy music to achieve gold status since Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs by Marty Robbins in 1959. He has recorded the hit singles "Wildfire", "Carolina in the Pines", "What's Forever For", "A Long Line of Love", "What She Wants", "Don't Count the Rainy Days", and "Maybe This Time". Murphey is also the author of New Mexico's state ballad, "The Land of Enchantment". He has become a prominent musical voice for the Western horseman, rancher, and cowboy.
Thomas Denton (died 1558)
Thomas Denton (before 1515 – 3 October 1558) was an English lawyer and politician, a Member of Parliament from 1536 until his death in 1558. He was elected, consecutively, by six parliamentary constituencies: Wallingford (1536), Oxford (1539), Berkshire (1547), Banbury (April 1554), Buckinghamshire (November 1554) and Oxfordshire (1558). Denton and Henry Stafford sponsored the creation of the parliamentary constituency in Banbury (1554). Denton's "electoral mobility" was, most likely, influenced by his speculation in land.

Oxfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Oxfordshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It was represented by two Members of Parliament. In 1832 this was increased to three Members of Parliament. The constituency was abolished in 1885, being split into three single member divisions.

The bitterly contested Oxfordshire election of 1754 was the main inspiration for Hogarth's famous series of paintings and engravings, The Election.
Jakob Jakobsen
Jakob Jakobsen (22 February 1864 — 15 August 1918) was a Faroese linguist and scholar. The first Faroe Islander to earn a doctoral degree, his thesis on the Norn language of Shetland was a major contribution to its historical preservation.

In addition, he was known for his contributions to the Faroese language and its literature, most notably his conflict with Venceslaus Ulricus Hammershaimb over the development of the Faroese orthography, in which he unsuccessfully advocated for the adoption of a phonetic writing system.

Faroese orthography
Faroese orthography is the method employed to write the Faroese language, using a 29-letter Latin alphabet. Although it does not include the letters C, Q, W, X and Z, in a keyboard, it includes C, Q, W, X and Z.
Mimapomecyna biplagiatipennis
Mimapomecyna biplagiatipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1961. It is known from Madagascar, including Nosy Boraha.

Mimapomecyna biplagiatipennis measure 9.5 mm (0.37 in) in length.

Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)
Stephan von Breuning (21 November 1894 – 11 March 1983) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in the study of beetles (coleopterology), particularly within the Carabus, Calosoma and Ceroglossus (all of them are genera of the Carabidae family, also known as ground beetles) and the longhorn family (Cerambycidae).
HMS Fervent
Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Fervent, with a further ship unbuilt:

HMS Fervent (1804), built in 1804, was an Archer-class gunbrig, which was converted to a mooring lighter in 1816 and broken up in 1879.

A wooden screw frigate was ordered from Woolwich Dockyard as HMS Fervent in 1846 but was cancelled in 1849.

HMS Fervent (1856) was a Albacore-class gunboat built in 1856 and broken up in 1879.

HMS Fervent (1895) was a Fervent-class destroyer launched in 1895 and sold for scrap in 1920.

HMS Fervent, Royal Naval shore base and headquarters in Ramsgate, Kent, 1939–1945.

Albacore-class gunboat (1855)
The Albacore-class gunboat, also known as "Crimean gunboat", was a class of 98 gunboats built for the Royal Navy in 1855 and 1856 for use in the 1853-1856 Crimean War. The design of the class, by W. H. Walker, was approved on 18 April 1855. The first vessels were ordered the same day, and 48 were on order by July; a second batch, which included Surly, were ordered in early October.
Toshishita no Otokonoko
"Toshishita no Otokonoko" (年下の男の子; "A Younger Boy") is the fifth single by Japanese music trio Candies. Written by Kazuya Senke and Yūsuke Hoguchi, the single was released on September 1, 1973. It was the first single to feature Ran Itō as the main vocalist.

The song peaked at No. 9 on Oricon's singles chart and spent 19 weeks in that chart. It sold over 260,000 copies, making it the trio's first top-10 hit. The group made their Kōhaku Uta Gassen debut with this song, at the 26th event.

Ran Itō
Ran Itō (伊藤 蘭, Itō Ran, born 13 January 1955) is a Japanese actress and previous member of the 1970s idol group Candies. As the leading member of Candies, Itō was in charge of the solo of most of the trio's hit songs.

Itō was born in Kichijōji, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan. She is married to actor Yutaka Mizutani. Itō won the award for best supporting actress at the 2nd Yokohama Film Festival for Disciples of Hippocrates.

In 2019, Itō released her first solo album My Bouquet. On 15 February 2020, she kicked off her first concert tour My Bouquet & My Dear Candies!, which featured several Candies songs in the set list.