hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Poti
The Treaty of Poti was a bilateral agreement between the German Empire and the Democratic Republic of Georgia in which the latter accepted German protection and recognition. The agreement was signed, on 28 May 1918, by General Otto von Lossow for Germany and by Foreign Minister Akaki Chkhenkeli for Georgia. Concluded at the Georgian Black Sea port of Poti, the treaty came only two days after Georgia proclaimed independence, becoming the newly independent republic's first-ever international treaty.

Bilateral treaty
A bilateral treaty (also called a bipartite treaty) is a treaty strictly between two subjects of public international law, generally either sovereign states or international organisations established by treaty. It is an agreement made by negotiations between two parties, established in writing and signed by representatives of the parties. Treaties can span in substance and complexity, regarding a wide variety of matters, such as territorial boundaries, trade and commerce, political alliances, and more. The agreement is usually then ratified by the lawmaking authority of each party or organization.  Any agreement with more than two parties is a multilateral treaty. Similar to a contract, it is also called a contractual treaty. As with any other treaty, it is a written agreement that is typically formal and binding in nature.
Lee Thomas (horror writer)
Lee Thomas is an American author of horror fiction. He is best known for his novels The Dust of Wonderland and The German, both of which have won the Lambda Literary Award for SF/Fantasy/Horror.  In addition to numerous magazines, his short fiction has appeared in dozens of anthologies and magazines both in print and in digital formats. He has won the Bram Stoker Award for his novel Stained.

Writing as Thomas Pendleton and Dallas Reed, he is the author of the Wicked Dead series of novels for Young Adults (with Stefan Petrucha), and the novels, Mason, Shimmer, and The Calling, all from HarperTeen.

Openly gay, Lee currently lives in Austin, Texas, where he's working on a number of projects.

Lambda Literary Award for Speculative Fiction
Lambda Literary Awards (also known as the "Lammys") are awarded yearly by the United States–based Lambda Literary Foundation to published works that celebrate or explore LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) themes. The awards are presented annually for books published in the previous year. The Lambda Literary Foundation states that its mission is "to celebrate LGBT literature and provide resources for writers, readers, booksellers, publishers, and librarians—the whole literary community."

Since their inception in 1989, awards have been given in various categories in fiction and non-fiction. The title for this category has changed several times, most recently to "LGBTQ+ Speculative Fiction".
2024 deaths in the United Kingdom
The following notable deaths of British people occurred in 2024. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:

Name, age, citizenship at birth, nationality (in addition to British), or/and home nation, what subject was noted for, birth year, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Notability in the English Wikipedia
In the English version of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, notability is a criterion to determine whether a topic merits a separate Wikipedia article. It is described in the guideline "Wikipedia:Notability". In general, notability is an attempt to assess whether the topic has "gained sufficiently significant attention by the world at large and over a period of time" as evidenced by significant coverage in reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic". The notability guideline was introduced in 2006 and has since been subject to various controversies.
John McLaughlin's One on One
John McLaughlin's One on One is a weekly TV interview show that aired on American public broadcaster PBS. It was hosted by John McLaughlin, also the host of The McLaughlin Group. The show first aired in 1984 and produced its final program on May 24, 2013 after 29 years on the air.

The show was originally produced at WRC-TV in Washington, D.C., as a sister/spin-off to The McLaughlin Group. During the 1990s, the program was sponsored by the Archer-Daniels-Midland Company and Metropolitan Life Company.

Archer Daniels Midland
The Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, commonly known as ADM, is an American multinational food processing and commodities trading corporation founded in 1902 and headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The company operates more than 270 plants and 420 crop procurement facilities worldwide, where cereal grains and oilseeds are processed into products used in food, beverage, nutraceutical, industrial, and animal feed markets worldwide.

ADM ranked No. 35 in the 2023 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations.

The company also provides agricultural storage and transportation services. The American River Transportation Company along with ADM Trucking, Inc., are subsidiaries of ADM.

ADM has been the subject of significant media attention and infamy over the years with its various scandals, one inspiring a novel and subsequent film The Informant!.
Stabunity
Stabunity [stabuˈnitɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Lidzbark Warmiński and 49 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Lidzbark County
Lidzbark County (Polish: powiat lidzbarski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lidzbark Warmiński, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Orneta, lying 30 km (19 mi) west of Lidzbark Warmiński.

The county covers an area of 924.42 square kilometres (356.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 43,006, out of which the population of Lidzbark Warmiński is 16,390, that of Orneta is 9,380, and the rural population is 17,236.
Cyhra
Cyhra (stylized CyHra) is a Swedish heavy metal supergroup formed in 2017. It is made up of vocalist Joacim "Jake E" Keelyn (ex-Amaranthe), rhythm guitarist Jesper Strömblad (ex-In Flames), German drummer Alex Landenburg (Kamelot, ex-Annihilator, ex-Axxis), Finnish lead guitarist Euge Valovirta (ex-Shining) and third guitarist Marcus Sunesson (Engel). CyHra plays a modern melodic metal style.

Shining (Swedish band)
Shining is a Swedish depressive suicidal black metal band, formed by Niklas Kvarforth in Halmstad in 1996.

Shining's musical style is dark, aggressive and depressive, with progressive musical elements and personal and often suicide-themed lyrics. The band's music is composed primarily by Kvarforth, whose behaviour has led to numerous controversies over the years.

Shining have released eleven studio albums to date.
Sefuri Raizan Prefectural Natural Park
Sefuri Raizan Prefectural Natural Park (脊振雷山県立自然公園, Sefuri Raizan kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1965, the park spans the municipalities of Fukuoka, Itoshima, and Nakagawa.

Itoshima
Itoshima (糸島市, Itoshima-shi) is a city located in western Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2024, the city had an estimated population of 103,655 in 46,192 households, and a  population density of 480 persons per km². The total area of the city is 215.69 km2 (83.28 sq mi).
Justin Canale
Dominic Justin Canale, more commonly known as Justin Canale (April 11, 1943 – October 11, 2011) was an American collegiate and professional football player who played offensive lineman for five seasons in the American Football League (AFL), for the Boston Patriots and Cincinnati Bengals. He also played with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL), winning a Grey Cup championship in 1970. Canale came back to play two seasons for the Memphis Southmen of the World Football League (WFL).

Canale died on October 11, 2011, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Memphis.

He was one of six brothers who played college football at Mississippi State or at the University of Tennessee. His brother Whit Canale, also a former AFL player.

World Football League
The World Football League (WFL) was an American football league that played one full season in 1974 and most of its second in 1975. Although the league's proclaimed ambition was to bring American football onto a worldwide stage, only one team – the Hawaiians in Honolulu, Hawaii – was headquartered outside of continental North America. The league folded in 1975 midway through its second season.
Requiem for Methuselah
"Requiem for Methuselah" is the nineteenth episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek. Written by Jerome Bixby and directed by Murray Golden, it was first broadcast on February 14, 1969.

In the episode, the crew of the Enterprise encounters an immortal human.

Its repeat broadcast, on September 2, 1969, was the last official telecast of the series to air on NBC. Star Trek immediately appeared in syndication on the following Monday, September 8, a full three years after its debut.

Star Trek: The Original Series season 3
The third and final season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek, premiered on NBC on Friday, September 20, 1968, and concluded on Tuesday, June 3, 1969. It consisted of twenty-four episodes. Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series produced by Fred Freiberger, and created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard McCoy.
Chuvashsky Nagadak
Chuvashsky Nagadak (Russian: Чувашский Нагадак; Bashkir: Сыуаш Нуғаҙаҡ, Sıwaş Nuğaźaq; Chuvash: Чӑваш Нукасак, Çăvaş Nukasak) is a rural locality (a village) in Nagadaksky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 408 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Aurgazinsky District
Aurgazinsky District (Russian: Аургази́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ауырғазы районы, Awırğazı rayonı; Tatar: Авыргазы районы, Awırğazı rayonı; Chuvash: Авăркас районӗ, Avărkas rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders Karmaskalinsky District in the north, Gafuriysky District in the east, Sterlitamaksky District in the south, and with Alsheyevsky and Davlekanovsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 2,014 square kilometers (778 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Tolbazy. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 36,970, with the population of Tolbazy accounting for 27.4% of that number.
Raymond Volkas
Raymond Volkas FAA is a theoretical particle physicist from the University of Melbourne. In 2016, Raymond was awarded the Harrie Massey Medal and Prize, jointly by the Institute of Physics (UK) and the Australian Institute of Physics, for his contributions to physics. Raymond is a Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor in the School of Physics, at the University of Melbourne, where he has been a faculty member since 1993. He is the director of the Melbourne Node of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics (established in 2011) and served as head of the School of Physics from 2014 to 2016. Some of Volkas's past awards and achievements include receiving a Queen Elizabeth II Fellowship, the Pawsey Medal which is awarded by the Australian Academy of Science, the Dean's Award for Excellence in Teaching (University of Melbourne) and a Dozor Fellowship from Ben-Gurion University in Israel. He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2010.

Pawsey Medal
The Pawsey Medal is awarded annually by the Australian Academy of Science to recognize outstanding research in physics by an Australian scientist early in their career (up to 10 years post-PhD).

This medal commemorates the work of the late Joseph L. Pawsey, FAA.
Hacıhalil, Besni
Hacıhalil (Kurdish: Hecîxelîl) is a village in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population 434 in 2021.

The hamlet of Doluca is attached to the village.

Reşwan
Reşwan, (Kurdish: ڕەشوان, Reşwan; Turkish: Rişvan) also known as Reşiyan,  is a Kurdish tribe, native to the western frontier of Kurdistan,  mostly populating Adıyaman, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş and Malatya provinces in Turkey and also present in Konya and Ankara provinces, Raqqa in Syria, and they live in Gilan, Khorasan province Qazvin Province citisies in Iran. Members of the tribe mostly adhere to the Hanafi school of Islam but some are Alevi.
Cycling at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's road time trial B
The Men's time trial B road cycling event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics took place on 4 September 2024 at Clichy-sous-Bois, Paris. Eleven riders (and pilots) competed in the event.

The B classification is for cyclists with visual impairment. Sighted guides act as pilots in these events, which take place on tandem bikes.

Para-cycling classification
Para-cycling classification is the process of classifying participants in para-cycling covering four functional disability types.  The classification system includes classes for handcycles for people who have lower limb mobility issues. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
Kennedy baronets of Girvan (1673)
The Kennedy baronetcy, of Girvan in the County of Ayr, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 4 August 1673 for John Kennedy. The title became extinct on the death of the 2nd Baronet in 1740. The background of the Kennedys of Girvanmains was given in 1847 by James Paterson, with Cokayne stating that John Kennedy was the grandson of Gilbert Kennedy.

Girvan
Girvan (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Gharbhain, "mouth of the River Girvan") is a burgh and harbour town in Carrick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Girvan is situated on the east coast of the Firth of Clyde, with a population of about 6,450. It lies 21 miles (34 km) south of Ayr, and 29 miles (47 km) north of Stranraer, the main ferry port from Scotland to Northern Ireland.

Deriving its name from the river which runs through the landscape the etymology of Girvan has possible Brythonic origins, related to the Welsh: Gearafon or Gwyrddafon, "river flowing through the green flourishing place, from afon or avon, a river, and Gwyrdd, green, flourishing".
History of Barcelona
The history of Barcelona stretches over 2000 years to its origins as an Iberian village named Barkeno. Its easily defensible location on the coastal plain between the Collserola ridge (512 m) and the Mediterranean Sea, the coastal route between central Europe and the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, has ensured its continued importance, if not always preeminence, throughout the ages.

Barcelona is currently a city of 1,620,943, the second largest in Spain, and the capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia. Its wider urban region
is home to three-quarters of the population of Catalonia and one-eighth of that of Spain.

Serra de Collserola
The Serra de Collserola (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsɛrə ðə ˌkɔʎsəˈɾɔlə]), or simply Collserola, is a mountain range between the rivers Besòs and Llobregat. It is part of the Catalan Coastal Range.

These mountains separate Barcelona from the Vallès plain and their tallest peak is the Tibidabo, at 512 m. Other main summits are: Turó del Puig, Puig d'Olorda, Turó de Valldaura, Turó de la Magarola, Puig d'Ossa, and Puig Madrona. The valleys of the Llobregat and Besós Rivers, the plain of Barcelona, and the Vallès basin, mark the geographical boundaries of the Collserola massif.
Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement
The Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) is a security and defence pact between the countries of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Under this agreement, both countries have committed to treating any act of aggression against one as an act against both (known as collective security).

The pact was signed on 17 September 2025 at Al-Yamamah Palace in Riyadh, by Saudi crown prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistani prime minister Shehbaz Sharif, during a state visit of the latter to Saudi Arabia.

Defense pact
A defense pact (Commonwealth spelling: defence pact) is a type of treaty or military alliance in which the signatories promise to support each other militarily and to defend each other. Generally, the signatories point out the threats and concretely prepare to respond to it together.
AN/ALQ-99
The AN/ALQ-99 is an airborne electronic warfare system, previously found on the EA-6B Prowler and now utilised by the EA-18G Growler military aircraft. The ALQ-99E version of the system was carried on the EF-111A Raven aircraft as an escort or standoff jammer. The aging ALQ-99 is to be replaced by the Next Generation Jammer systems.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/ALQ-99" designation represents the 99th design of an Army-Navy airborne electronic device for special countermeasures equipment. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.

Countermeasure
A countermeasure is a measure or action taken to counter or offset another one. As a general concept, it implies precision and is any technological or tactical solution or system designed to prevent an undesirable outcome in the process. The first known use of the term according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary was in 1923.

Countermeasures can refer to the following disciplinary spectrum:

Medicine

Materials engineering

Electro-magnetic engineering

Policing

Information technology

International Law

Diplomatic security

Pollution prevention

Aviation

Defense countermeasures are often divided into "active" and "passive".
Amarakavi
Amarakavi (transl. Immortal Poet) is a 1952 Indian Tamil language film produced and directed by F. Nagoor. The film stars M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar and T. R. Rajakumari. It was released on 9 February 1952.

T. R. Rajakumari
Thanjavur Radhakrishnan Rajayee (5 May 1922 – 20 September 1999), better known by her screen name T. R. Rajakumari, was an Indian actress, Carnatic singer and dancer. She has been called the first "dream girl" of Tamil cinema.
Electoral district of Pastoral District of Maneroo
The Electoral district of Pastoral District of Maneroo was an electorate of the New South Wales Legislative Council at a time when some of its members were elected and the balance were appointed by the Governor. It was a new electorate created in 1851 by the expansion of the Legislative Council to 54, 18 to be appointed and 36 elected. The district covered the Maneroo region now known as Monaro in the south east of New South Wales. To its north was the Electoral district of Counties of Murray and St Vincent. Polling was to occur in the towns of Goulburn, Eden, Cooma and Bombala.

In 1856 the unicameral Legislative Council was abolished and replaced with an elected Legislative Assembly and an appointed Legislative Council. The district was represented by the Legislative Assembly electorate of Maneroo.

Eden, New South Wales
Eden is a coastal town in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.  The town is 478 kilometres (297 mi) south of the state capital Sydney and is the most southerly town in New South Wales, located between Nullica Bay to the south and Calle Calle Bay, the northern reach of Twofold Bay, and built on undulating land adjacent to the third-deepest natural harbour in the southern hemisphere, and Snug Cove on its western boundary. At the 2016 census, Eden had a population of 3,151.

The eastern coastline has rugged cliffs at the southern end and a wide, sandy surf beach, Aslings Beach, north of the cliffs. The beach ends at the entrance to Lake Curalo, a safe boating inlet of Twofold Bay. Although the urban settlement of Eden commenced in 1843 the settlement was not officially proclaimed as a township until 20 March 1885. The town's main industries include fishing, forestry, and tourism.
The Merry Vineyard (1927 film)
The Merry Vineyard (German: Der fröhliche Weinberg) is a 1927 German silent comedy film directed by Jacob Fleck and Luise Fleck and starring Rudolf Rittner, Camilla Horn and Lotte Neumann. It was based on a play by Carl Zuckmayer, and was remade in 1952 as a sound film.

The playwright had strong reservations about having his work translated on screen but never opposed any film adaptation.

The film's art direction was by Oscar Friedrich Werndorff.

Oscar Werndorff
Oscar Friedrich Werndorff (1880–1938) was an Austrian art director. After leaving Germany in the early 1930s he moved to Britain where he worked in the British film industry. He co-directed the 1931 film The Bells.
2006 RH120
2006 RH120 is a tiny near-Earth asteroid and fast rotator with a diameter of approximately 2–3 meters that ordinarily orbits the Sun but makes close approaches to the Earth–Moon system around every twenty years, when it can temporarily enter Earth orbit through temporary satellite capture (TSC). Most recently, it was in Earth orbit from July 2006 to July 2007, during which time it was never more than 0.0116 AU (1.74 million km) from Earth. As a consequence of its temporary orbit around the Earth, it is currently the second smallest asteroid in the Solar System with a well-known orbit, after 2021 GM1. Until given a minor planet designation on 18 February 2008, the object was known as 6R10DB9, an internal identification number assigned by the Catalina Sky Survey.

Dark comet
Dark comets are a class of asteroids that exhibit some behavior consistent with comets, but do not grow a comet's tail or produce a coma, making them visually appear as asteroids. They are distinguished from other asteroids by their non-gravitational acceleration, which causes them to deviate from their expected orbital path. Dark comets were first identified as a distinct class of objects in 2023. They mostly fall into two families, the outer dark comets, and the inner dark comets, which are distinguished by their size and orbital characteristics.
The Highlands (Wheeling, West Virginia)
The Highlands is a retail park in Triadelphia, West Virginia, 7 miles east of the city of Wheeling. It opened in August 2004 with what was then the only Cabela's within a 5-hour distance. Eventually it featured a JCPenney, Kohl's, Target and Walmart as anchor tenants. It also contains over 100 shops, restaurants, services, car dealerships and attractions such as Menards, Hobby Lobby, Bath & Body Works, Books-A-Million, Lane Bryant, Old Navy, The Shoe Dept. and a 14-screen Marquee Cinemas. With over 1.4 million square feet of retail space, it is the largest shopping complex in the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia.

The center is owned and operated by its developer, the Ohio County Development Authority. It is located at Cabela Drive (Exit 10) off Interstate 70.

Books-A-Million
Books-A-Million, Inc., also known as BAM!, is a bookstore chain in the United States, operating 260 stores in 32 states. Stores range in size from 4,000 to 30,000 square feet and sell books, magazines, manga, collectibles, toys, technology, and gifts. Most Books-A-Million stores feature "Joe Muggs" cafés, a coffee and espresso bar.
Stores operate under the names Books-A-Million, Bookland, Books & Company, and 2nd & Charles.

The company owns Yogurt Mountain Holding, a frozen yogurt retailer and franchisor with 40 locations, as well as Preferred Growth Properties, which develops and manages commercial real estate investments. It owns and operates American Wholesale Book Company (AWBC), an e-commerce division operating as booksamillion.com; and an internet development and services company, NetCentral, in Nashville, Tennessee.

In December 2015, the company was acquired by its chairman, Clyde B. Anderson, and his family, for $21 million.