hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ray Turnbull (American football)
Raymond Alexander Turnbull (August 29, 1880 – August 13, 1939) was an American college football player, coach and physician. He served as player/coach at University of Buffalo for one season in 1903, compiling a record of 4–4.

Turnbull was born on August 29, 1880, in Elmira, New York, to William P. and Jenny E. Turnbull. He was educated in public schools of Elmira and Ithaca, New York. He attended Cornell University, where he played college football as an end in 1901. He earned a medical degree from the University of Buffalo in 1904 and practiced medicine in Elmira.

Turnbull served in the United States Army during World War I as a major and chief surgeon of the 107th Infantry Regiment in France. He died on August 13, 1939, in Elmira, after being hospitalized for a heart ailment.

Elmira, New York
Elmira (/ɛlˈmaɪrə/) is a city in and the county seat of Chemung County, New York, United States. It is the principal city of the Elmira, New York, metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses Chemung County. The population was 26,523 at the 2020 census, down from 29,200 at the 2010 census, a decline of more than 7 percent.

The City of Elmira is in the south-central part of the county, surrounded on three sides by the Town of Elmira.  It is in the Southern Tier of New York, a short distance north of the Pennsylvania state line.

The city was the site of the Elmira Prison, a prisoner-of-war camp that held over 12,000 captured Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War. Elmira College is located within the city.
Brantingham Thorpe
Brantingham Thorpe is a Grade II listed country house near Brantingham in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was once owned by the Sykes family of Sledmere. According to Francis Orpen Morris (1880) "Brantingham Thorpe stands on a high terrace commanding a most extensive and beautiful view of the course of the river Humber for more than twenty miles." George Devey worked on the house.

It is currently the registered address of a Care Home company.

Sledmere
Sledmere is a village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, about 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Driffield on the B1253 road.

The village lies in a civil parish which is also officially called "Sledmere" by the Office for National Statistics, although the county council and parish council refer to it as Sledmere and Croome, as the parish also includes the nearby hamlet of Croome.  According to the 2011 UK census, the parish had a population of 377, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 197; the parish covers an area of 2,849 hectares (7,040 acres).

The name Sledmere derives from the Old English slædmere meaning 'valley mere'.
Simon Leys
Pierre Ryckmans (28 September 1935 – 11 August 2014), better known by his pen name Simon Leys, was a Belgian-Australian writer, essayist and literary critic, translator, art historian, sinologist, and university professor, who lived in Australia from 1970. His work particularly focused on the politics and traditional culture of China, calligraphy, French and English literature, the commercialization of universities, and nautical fiction. His trilogy Les Habits neufs du président Mao (1971), Ombres chinoises (1974) and Images brisées (1976) denounced the Cultural Revolution in China and the idolizing of Mao in the West.

Victor Segalen
Victor Segalen (14 January 1878 – 21 May 1919) was a French naval doctor, ethnographer, archeologist, writer, poet, explorer, art-theorist, linguist and literary critic.

He was born in Brest. He studied medicine and graduated at the Navy School of medicine ('Santé Navale') in Bordeaux. He traveled and lived in Polynesia (1903–1905) and China (1909–1914 and 1917). He died by accident in a forest in Huelgoat, Northern Brittany, France ("under mysterious circumstances") and reputedly with an open copy of Hamlet by his side.
Mirabell: Books of Number
Mirabell: Books of Number is a volume of poetry by James Merrill (1926–1995) published by Atheneum Books in 1978. It is the second of three books which together form the epic 560-page poem, The Changing Light at Sandover, which was published as a whole in 1982.

Mirabell won the 1979 U.S. National Book Award for Poetry. It was the fourth time Merrill was nominated and the second time he won.

Atheneum Books
Atheneum Books is a New York City publishing house established in 1959 by Alfred A. Knopf Jr., Simon Michael Bessie and Hiram Haydn. Simon & Schuster has owned Atheneum properties since 1994, and it created Atheneum Books for Young Readers as an imprint for children's literature in the 2000s.
Finstaätten
Finstaätten was a franklin class family from Uppland, named after a farm named Finsta. The family has no real family name, and it was formerly sometimes called "Two Wings". The Finsta farm was also not a manor house in the true sense, which could merit the nobility house name.

Ancestors of the Finsta family had varying seals. The knight Erland Israelsson, lawspeaker Birger Persson's uncle, carried a cross between two wings. His son, the knight Johan Ängel, wore his grandfather's coat of arms, an angel, while Birger took up his mother's coat of arms: two black turned wings with wing brackets outwards on red. The wings may have been of silver, according to Jan Raneke, a Swedish medieval weapons expert.
The ancestor Israel died before 1269. His son Jakob Israelsson, who died in 1281, was archbishop of Uppsala, and his grandson Israel Erlandsson was a bishop at Västerås.

Lawspeaker
A lawspeaker or lawman (Swedish: lagman, Old Swedish: laghmaþer or laghman, Danish: lovsigemand, Norwegian: lagmann, Icelandic: lög(sögu)maður [ˈlœɣ(ˌsœːɣʏ)ˌmaːðʏr̥], Faroese: løgmaður, Finnish: laamanni, Greenlandic: inatsitinuk) is a unique Scandinavian legal office. It has its basis in a common Germanic oral tradition, where wise people were asked to recite the law, but it was only in Scandinavia that the function evolved into an office. At first, lawspeakers represented the people, and their duties and authority were connected to the assemblies (things). For most of the last thousand years, however, they were part of the king's administration.

Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) of Iceland was a famous lawspeaker. He wrote about an 11th-century lawspeaker named Torgny, but historians doubt the account.
Salvador Manzur Díaz
Salvador Manzur Díaz (born 5 April 1976) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
In the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the fourth district of Veracruz during the 61st Congress, but he ceded his seat to his substitute, Adela Robles Morales, on 23 March 2010, in order to contend (successfully) for the municipal presidency of Boca del Río, Veracruz.

Boca del Río, Veracruz
Boca del Río is a city and municipality located in the center of the Mexican state of Veracruz. The small city of Boca del Río serves as the seat of the municipality. The municipality lies just south of the municipality of Veracruz, and contains a part of the city and city and port of Veracruz. It is a port in its own right, as well as the metropolitan area's center for business travel and upscale hotels and restaurants. The city contains two museums, one dedicated to Agustín Lara and the other a military ship that has been converted into a museum. However, the municipality's main feature is the World Trade Center Veracruz, which hosts business meetings, conferences and conventions.
James Clayborne Jr.
James Clayborne Jr. (born December 29, 1963) was a member of the Illinois Senate representing the 57th District from his appointment in 1995 until 2019. The 57th District, located in the Metro East region includes all or parts of Freeburg, Belleville, East St. Louis, O'Fallon, Madison, Fairview Heights, Shiloh and Scott Air Force Base.

At the time of his retirement, Clayborne was the second highest-ranking member of the Illinois Senate as the Senate Majority Leader. On September 21, 2017, Clayborne announced he would not run for reelection in 2018. He was succeeded by Christopher Belt.

Fairview Heights, Illinois
Fairview Heights is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States within Greater St. Louis. It is an eastern suburb of St. Louis. As of the 2020 census, Fairview Heights had a population of 16,706.
Boccia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Boccia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics was held in Riocentro, in the Barra district of Rio de Janeiro in September 2016, with a maximum of 104 athletes (24 women, 80 gender unspecified) competing in seven events. The programme consisted of four individual events, two pairs events, and one team event, spread across four classifications.

Boccia
Boccia (/ˈbɒtʃə/ BOTCH-ə) is a precision ball sport, similar to bocce, and related to bowls and pétanque. The name "boccia" is derived from the Latin word for "boss" – bottia. The sport is contested at local, national and international levels by athletes with severe physical disabilities.  It was originally designed to be played by people with cerebral palsy but now includes athletes with other severe disabilities affecting motor skills.  In 1984, it became a Paralympic sport and as of 2020, 75 boccia national organizations have joined one or more of the international organizations. Boccia is governed by the Boccia International Sports Federation (BISFed) and is one of two Paralympic sports (along with goalball) that have no counterpart in the Olympic program, although it is a Paralympic variant of bocce (boules).
Zhao Qinan
Zhao Qinan (Chinese: 赵启男; born 29 August 1997) is a Chinese ice hockey player and member of the Chinese national ice hockey team, currently playing in the Chinese Women's Ice Hockey League with Shenzhen KRS. She previously played with the KRS Vanke Rays in the 2021–22 season of the Zhenskaya Hockey League (ZhHL) and previously played in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) with the Vanke Rays in the 2017–18 season and the Shenzhen KRS Vanke Rays in the 2018–19 season.

Zhao represented China in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

Chinese Women's Ice Hockey League
The Chinese Women's Ice Hockey League (Chinese: 中国女子冰球职业联赛; lit. 'Chinese Women's Ice Hockey Professional League'), abbreviated WCIHL, is a professional ice hockey league in China. It was founded by the Chinese Ice Hockey Association (CIHA) as an amateur league in 2021 and was reorganized as a professional league in 2023.

The league should not be confused with the National Women's Ice Hockey Championship (Chinese: 全国女子冰球锦标赛), an annual national competition for provincial teams.
Viviers
Viviers is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

Viviers, Ardèche, in the Ardèche département, capital of the Vivarais
Roman Catholic Diocese of Viviers, Ardèche

Viviers, Moselle, in the Moselle département

Viviers, Yonne, in the Yonne département

Viviers-du-Lac, in the Savoie département

Viviers-le-Gras, in the Vosges département

Viviers-lès-Lavaur, in the Tarn département

Viviers-lès-Montagnes, in the Tarn département

Viviers-lès-Offroicourt, in the Vosges département

Viviers-sur-Artaut, in the Aube département

Viviers-sur-Chiers, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département

Viviers, Ardèche
Viviers (French pronunciation: [vivje], also Viviers-sur-Rhône; Occitan: Vivièrs) is a village in the department of Ardèche in southern France. It is known for its medieval cathedral and views over the Rhone river.
William Gallant
William Marshall Gallant (January 20, 1915 – July 21, 1988) was an air force officer, credit union manager and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented 3rd Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1970 to 1975 as a Liberal.

He was born in Saint Charles, Prince Edward Island, the son of Leo Gallant, and was educated in New Acadia. Gallant served 25 years in the Royal Canadian Air Force. In 1941, he married Lucy Irene Young. After he retired from the air force, he became manager of the credit union at CFB Summerside. Gallant served in the province's Executive Council as Minister of Community Services and Minister of the Environment and Tourism from 1973 to 1974. After he retired from politics in 1975, he moved to Woodstock, New Brunswick. Gallant died at the Victoria Health Centre in Fredericton at the age of 73.

3rd Prince
3rd Prince was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the eastern central portion of Prince County. It was abolished in 1996.
Vermilion River (Sudbury District)
The Vermilion River (Ojibwa/Odawa: Atikamgzib or Dikmegzubi meaning "whitefish river") is a river in the Lake Huron drainage basin in Sudbury District and Greater Sudbury in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.

Lake sturgeon
The lake sturgeon (Huso fulvescens), also known as the rock sturgeon, is a North American temperate freshwater fish, one of 27 species of sturgeon. Like other sturgeons, this species is a bottom feeder and has a partly cartilaginous skeleton, an overall streamlined shape, and skin bearing rows of bony plates on the sides and back.

The lake sturgeon uses its elongated, spade-like snout to stir up the substrate and sediments on the beds of rivers and lakes to feed.  Four sensory organs (barbels) hang near its mouth to help the sturgeon locate bottom-dwelling prey. Lake sturgeons can grow to a large size for freshwater fish, up to 7.25 ft (2.2 m) long and 240 lbs (108 kg).
Kösedere, Karaburun
Kösedere is a neighborhood in the municipality and district of Karaburun, İzmir Province, Turkey. Its population in 2023 was 498.

The village has also been known as Ağalarseki, with its name appearing in government records and on maps under several variations over the years:

Kösedere (Ağlarseki) in census records from 1970, 1975, and 1980

Kösedere (Ağalarseki) in census records from 1960 and 1965

Ağalarseki (Kösedere) in 1945 census records

Ağalarseki in 1940 census records

Kösedere Seki on an early 20th-century Turkish map

Saki on an early 20th-century German map

Ağalar Sekisi in an 1891 vilayet salname

Seki in a 1528 tahrir defter

(Note that the place on the Karaburun coast downhill from Kösedere that is now known as Kaynarpınar used to be called Kösedere İskelesi.)

The village is known for the Hurma variety of olives and for its local cuisine and is included in the İzmir Municipality's touristic Olive and Vineyard Routes.

Vilayet
A vilayet (Ottoman Turkish: ولایت, 'province'; [vi.laː.jet]), also known by various other names, was a first-order administrative division of the later Ottoman Empire. It was introduced in the Vilayet Law of 21 January 1867, part of the Tanzimat reform movement initiated by the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856. The Danube Vilayet had been specially formed in 1864 as an experiment under the leading reformer Midhat Pasha. The Vilayet Law expanded its use, but it was not until 1884 that it was applied to all of the empire's provinces. Writing for the Encyclopaedia Britannica in 1911, Vincent Henry Penalver Caillard claimed that the reform had intended to provide the provinces with greater amounts of local self-government but in fact centralized more power with the sultan and local Muslims at the expense of other communities.
New Swannington
New Swannington is an area between Whitwick and Swannington in the North West Leicestershire district of Leicestershire, England.

Buildings of note are an off-licence, the New Swannington Primary School and a Wesleyan Reform Church built in 1906. The church contains a tablet, dedicated to the memory of a workman who fell from the roof and died during its construction. The New Swannington fellowship is believed to have been formed as a break-away congregation from the Wesleyan Reform Church in Whitwick, which still stands (now used for industrial purposes, currently occupied by 'Gracedieu Windows') on North Street, Whitwick, a short distance from The Dumps cross-roads, to the rear of the former Stinson's Butchers Shop.

Wesleyan Reform Union
The Wesleyan Reform Union is an independent Methodist Connexion founded in 1859 and based in the United Kingdom. The Union comprises around one hundred individual self-governing churches in England and Scotland. Beliefs are set out in a nine-point Confession of Faith.
Diffblue
Diffblue Ltd is a spin-out from University of Oxford whose Cover product uses AI to automatically write unit tests for Java code. It is similar to GitHub Copilot in that it uses AI to write code, but differs in that it writes code fully autonomously vs. providing code suggestions for humans to review and edit. Diffblue was founded by Daniel Kroening and Peter Schrammel in 2016, and Mathew Lodge became CEO in July 2019

In 2017, Diffblue raised £17.3 million in Series A funding led by Goldman Sachs and Oxford Sciences Innovation. In 2020, Diffblue released a freeware version, Cover Community Edition. It can be used by both open source and commercial organisations. Diffblue raised $7m in January 2022 in a round led by venture capitalist IP Group, and a further $8m in November 2022 in a round led by AlbionVC.

Diffblue customers include Goldman Sachs, S&P Global, Citi, JP Morgan and AWS.

Oxford Science Enterprises
Oxford Science Enterprises (OSE) (Previously known as Oxford Sciences Innovation) is a British early-stage venture capital firm with over $800M in AUM based in Oxford, UK. It operates in partnership with the University of Oxford, as the university's preferred investor, several prominent financiers back the firm, including Google Ventures, Sequoia Capital, Tencent, Huawei and Invesco.

The firm uses academic research from the university's science departments to form commercial businesses, also known as spin-outs.
Farhan Ally Agha
Farhan Ally Agha (Urdu: فرحان علی آغا; also spelled: Farhan Ali Agha) is a Pakistani politician, film, television and voice actor who appears in Urdu television serials and films. He has dubbed the voice of Commander Safeguard in an animated series, Commander Safeguard and also dubbed the voice of Halit Ergenç in the drama serial Mera Sultan.

Commander Safeguard
Commander Safeguard is Pakistan's first animated superhero series produced by the Pakistani advertising agency IAL Saatchi & Saatchi and animated by Post Amazers. The titular character, a superhero, is popular in Pakistan and in Mexico, where it is known as Capitan Escudo. The superhero is depicted as a representation of Safeguard (soap) who fights and defeats the germs led by a character called "Dirtoo"(Leader of Germs). The cartoon was originally broadcast in Pakistan's national language Urdu. It is one of the most popular children's animated television series in Pakistan.
IKEA Heights
IKEA Heights is a 2009 comedic melodrama web series created by Dave Seger, Paul Bartunek, Delbert Shoopman, Spencer Strauss, and Tom Kauffman for Channel 101. A spoof of soap operas, the series was filmed covertly inside the IKEA store in Burbank, California. IKEA Heights stars Randall Park, Whitney Avalon, and Matt Braunger.

Entertainment Weekly's Whitney Pastorek wrote that the series "is so brilliant and awesome that its glories can really only be diminished by additional words."

Madeleine Löwenborg-Frick, a spokesperson for IKEA's Canadian branch, said of the series, "Absolutely, we think it's funny. We see the humour in it and we approach our own marketing with a similar tongue-in-cheek humour. But unauthorized filming in our stores isn't a good thing. There's proper channels that people who want to film in our stores can go through."

Guerrilla filmmaking
Guerrilla filmmaking refers to a form of independent filmmaking characterized by ultra-low micro budgets, skeleton crews, and limited props using whatever resources, locations and equipment is available. The genre is named in reference to guerrilla warfare due to these techniques typically being used to shoot quickly in real locations without obtaining filming permits or providing any other sort of warning.

Independent filmmakers typically resort to guerrilla filmmaking because they do not have the budget or time to obtain permits, rent out locations, or build expensive sets. Larger and more "mainstream" film studios tend to avoid guerrilla filmmaking tactics because of the risk of being sued, fined or having their reputation damaged due to negative publicity.

According to Yukon Film Commission Manager Mark Hill, "guerrilla filmmaking is driven by passion with whatever means at hand".
Daniel Viksten
Daniel Viksten (born 10 September 1989) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward. He is currently playing for IF Björklöven in the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv).

He signed a two-year contract as a free agent with Färjestad BK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) on 6 April 2018.

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.
Villagrufe
Villagrufe (Asturian: Viḷḷagrufe) is a parish (administrative division)  in Allande, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. It is situated 5 km (3.1 mi) from the capital, Pola de Allande

The elevation is 640 m (2,100 ft) above sea level. It is 11.81 km2 (4.56 sq mi) in size. The population was 107 as of January 1, 2024. The postal code is 33889.

Asturian language
Asturian (/æˈstʊəriən/; asturianu [astuˈɾjanʊ]) is a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Asturian is part of a wider linguistic group, the Asturleonese languages. The number of speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three groups: Western, Central, and Eastern. For historical and demographic reasons, the standard is based on Central Asturian. Asturian has a distinct grammar, dictionary, and orthography. It is regulated by the Academy of the Asturian Language. Although it is not an official language of Spain, it is protected under the Statute of Autonomy of Asturias and is an elective language in schools. For much of its history, the language has been ignored or "subjected to repeated challenges to its status as a language variety" due to its lack of official status.
William Best (Nova Scotia politician)
William Best (c. 1707 – November 17, 1782) was a political figure in Nova Scotia. He was a member of the 1st General Assembly from 1758 to 1759, and the 3rd and 4th assemblies from 1761 to 1770.

He came to Halifax in 1749 and later settled at Cornwallis. In 1779, with John Burbidge, he helped establish an Anglican church there. In 1783, he was named a justice of the peace for King's County. Best died in Halifax at the age of 75.

One of his descendants, Charles Best, discovered insulin with Frederick Banting.

4th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
A series of writs for the election of the 4th General Assembly of Nova Scotia were issued February 2–19, 1765, returnable by March 13, 1765.  The assembly convened on May 28, 1765, held eight sessions, and was dissolved on April 2, 1770.
Bled El Hadba mine
The Bled El Hadba mine is a large mine located in Tébessa Province. Bled El Hadba represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Algeria having estimated reserves of 800 million tonnes of ore grading 15% P2O5.

Tébessa Province
Tébessa (Arabic: ولاية تبسة) is a province (wilayah) of Algeria. Tébessa is also the name of the capital, which in ancient times it was known as Theveste. Another important city in the province is El Ouenza. The city of Tébessa is located only 20 kilometers west of the Tunisian  border.