hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bans on circus animals
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certain animals are excluded or the laws vary internally

Many countries have implemented nationwide bans on using some if not all animals in circuses. Other countries have locally restricted or banned the use of animals in entertainment. In response to a growing popular concern about the use of animals in entertainment, animal-free circuses are becoming more common around the world.

Despite the contemporary circus's shift toward more theatrical techniques and its emphasis on human rather than animal performance, traditional circus companies still exist alongside the new movement. Many continue to maintain animal performers, such as the Big Apple Circus from the United States, Circus Krone from Munich, Circus Royale and Lennon Bros Circus from Australia, Vazquez Hermanos Circus, Circo Atayde Hermanos, and Hermanos Mayaror Circus from Mexico, and Moira Orfei Circus from Italy.

Moira Orfei
Moira Orfei (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmɔira orˈfɛi]; born Miranda Orfei; 21 December 1931 – 15 November 2015) was an Italian circus performer, actress and television personality of remote Romani origins. Moira was also considered the queen of the Italian circus, one stage name being "Moira of the Elephants". Cult movie fans know her for the many sword-and-sandal (peplum) films she starred in.
Richard Lodge Tighe
Richard Lodge Tighe (January 13, 1902 – April 30, 1938) was an American lawyer and politician.

Tighe was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He received his bachelor's degree from University of Minnesota and his law degree from University of Minnesota Law School. Tighe lived with his wife and family in Wayzata, Minnesota and he practiced law in Wayzata, Minnesota. Tighe served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1935 until his death in 1938. His father Ambrose Tighe also served in the Minnesota House of Representatives.

Wayzata, Minnesota
Wayzata (/waɪˈzɛtə/ wy-ZET-ə) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,434 at the 2020 census. A suburb of the Twin Cities, Wayzata is located about 9 miles (14 km) west of Minneapolis along the northern shore of Lake Minnetonka, the state's ninth-largest lake.

Nicknamed "The Gateway to Lake Minnetonka," Wayzata is known for its upscale shopping and restaurant district along the lakeshore. Given its relative proximity to Minneapolis, the city is frequented by boaters, sailors, and visitors during the summer months.
Ma'mar ibn al-Muthanna
Ma'mar ibn al-Muthanna (728–825) also known as Abu Ubayda (Arabic: أبو عبيدة) was an early Muslim scholar of Arabic philology. He was a controversial figure; later scholar Ibn Qutayba remarked that Abu Ubayda "hated Arabs," though his contemporaries still considered him perhaps the most well-rounded scholar of his age. Whether or not Abu Ubayda was truly a supporter of the Shu'ubiyya is a matter of debate.

Ibn Hisham
Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari (Arabic: أَبُو مُحَمَّدٌ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ, romanized: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām ibn Ayyūb al-Ḥimyarī; died 7 May 833), known simply as Ibn Hisham, was a 9th-century Abbasid historian and scholar. He grew up in Basra, in modern-day Iraq and later moved to Egypt.
AF Hotel Group
AF Hotel Group is a hotel chain in Azerbaijan. It operates four-star hotels and aqua park resorts in centre of Baku and Novkhani Baku, which is 21 kilometres from the centre of Baku. 
The hotel chain has 1009 rooms which makes it the second largest hotel chain in Baku, Azerbaijan.

Novxanı
Novxanı (also, Novkhany, Novkhana, Novxana, and Nobkhana) is a village and municipality in the Absheron District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 4,468. The name means new house in Persian language.
Pa Salieu
Pa Salieu Gaye (born 1 July 1997) is a British rapper and singer. He is signed to Warner Records.  He gained recognition in January 2020 with the single "Frontline", which was the most-played track of 2020 on BBC Radio 1Xtra. His style blends elements of afrobeats, grime and UK drill. He released his debut mixtape titled Send Them to Coventry on 13 November 2020.

In 2022, Salieu was sentenced to 33 months in prison after being charged with violent disorder. He served 21 months of that sentence and was released in September 2024.

Violent disorder
Violent disorder is a statutory offence in England and Wales. It is created by section 2(1) of the Public Order Act 1986. Sections 2(1) to (4) of that Act provide:

(1) Where 3 or more persons who are present together use or threaten unlawful violence and the conduct of them (taken together) is such as would cause a person of reasonable firmness present at the scene to fear for their personal safety, each of the persons using or threatening unlawful violence is guilty of violent disorder.

(2) It is immaterial whether the 3 or more use or threaten unlawful violence simultaneously.

(3) No person of reasonable firmness need actually be, or be likely to be, present at the scene.

(4) Violent disorder may be committed in private as well as in public places.

"3 or more persons"

See the following cases:

R v Mahroof [1988] 88 Cr App R 317, CA

R v Fleming and Robinson [1989] Crim LR 658, CA

R v McGuigan and Cameron [1991] Crim LR 719, CA

"Violence"

This word is defined by section 8.
2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open
The 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the BNP Paribas Katowice Open, in the International category of the 2013 WTA Tour. It took place at Spodek arena in Katowice, Poland, from April 8 through April 14, 2013.

WTA International tournaments
The WTA International tournaments was a category for tennis tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association from the 2009 WTA Tour until 2020, which replaced the previous Tier III and Tier IV categories. As of 2021, these events have been reclassified as WTA 250 tournaments. The winner of a WTA 250 tournament adds 250 points to her WTA ranking.

For the 2025 season, there were 21 WTA 250, all knock-out tournaments with a prize money for every event at $275,094.
Uropeltis rajendrani
Uropeltis rajendrani, commonly known as the Rajendran's shieldtail, is a species of snake belonging to the family Uropeltidae. This recently described species is known only from a few hills in the southern Eastern Ghats, in Namakkal and the bordering Salem district of Tamil Nadu State in South India.

Namakkal
Namakkal (Tamil: [nɑːməkkəl]) is a city and the headquarters of Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. It is the first ISO 14001-2004 certified municipality in Asia for environmental management, specifically the provision and maintenance of water supply, solid waste and sewage management, town planning, lighting and other social services. Namakkal is known as the Egg City due to its large egg production and Transport city.
Wimmertingen
Wimmertingen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɪmərˌtɪŋə(n)]) is a sub-municipality of the city of Hasselt located in the province of Limburg, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Hasselt.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
2003 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 400 metres
These are the official results of the Men's 400 metres event at the 2003 IAAF World Championships in Paris, France. There were a total number of 51 participating athletes, with seven qualifying heats, three semi-finals and the final held on Tuesday 26 August 2003 at 21:50h. The winning margin was 0.02 seconds which as of May 2024 remains the narrowest winning margin in the men's 400 metres at these championships.

The gold medal was originally won by Jerome Young of the United States in 44.50, but he was later disqualified for doping, together with his teammate Calvin Harrison who finished in sixth place.

Jerome Young
Jerome Young (born August 14, 1976) is an American former track and field sprinter who specialized in the 400-meter dash. He won gold medals with the United States 4 × 400-meter relay team at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics and 1997 World Championships in Athletics, but was later stripped of these medals due to doping and was ultimately banned from the sport. He also was the heats runner for the relay team at the 2000 Summer Olympics, where the Americans won gold, but this medal was rescinded as well.
Bolca
Bolca is a village in the Veneto, on the southern margin of the Italian Alps. It is a frazione of the comune of Vestenanova, in the province of Verona. The area is famous for the marine fossils from the lagerstätte of Monte Bolca. It was one of the first fossil sites with high quality preservation known to Europeans, and is still an important source of fossils from the Eocene.

Vestenanova
Vestenanova is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Verona.

Vestenanova borders the following municipalities: Altissimo, Badia Calavena, Chiampo, Crespadoro, San Giovanni Ilarione, San Pietro Mussolino, Selva di Progno, and Tregnago.
Ziziphus
Ziziphus /ˈzɪzɪfəs/ is a genus  of spiny shrubs and small trees in the buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae. It includes 68 species native to tropical and subtropical Africa, Eurasia, and Australia and tropical South America. The leaves are alternate, entire, with three prominent basal veins, and often aromatic. The flowers are small, inconspicuous yellow-green. The fruit is an edible drupe, often very sweet and sugary, reminiscent of a date in texture and flavour.

Well known species include the commonly cultivated Ziziphus jujuba (jujube), Ziziphus spina-christi from southwestern Asia, Ziziphus lotus from the Mediterranean region, and ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), which is found from western Africa to India.

Pseudoziziphus celata
Pseudoziziphus celata, commonly known as the Florida jujube or Florida ziziphus, is a small xeric-adapted shrub endemic to the Lake Wales Ridge in central Florida (restricted to Polk and Highlands counties), and is one of the rarest plants in Florida. It is listed as federally endangered in the United States and state endangered in Florida. It is the sister species of Pseudoziziphus parryi (U.S. Southwest) comprising the only two species in the genus, which are wild relatives of the cultivated jujube (Ziziphus jujuba).
2021–22 DFB-Pokal Frauen
The 2021–22 DFB-Pokal was the 42nd season of the annual German football cup competition. Several teams participated in the competition, including all teams from the previous year's Frauen-Bundesliga and the 2. Frauen-Bundesliga, excluding second teams. The competition began on 21 August 2021 with the first of six rounds and ended on 28 May 2022 with the final at the RheinEnergieStadion in Cologne, a nominally neutral venue, which has hosted the final since 2010.

VfL Wolfsburg were the seven-time defending champion and defended their title by defeating Turbine Potsdam in the final.

DFB-Pokal Frauen
The DFB-Pokal Frauen is the main national women's football cup competition in Germany, held annually by the German Football Association in knockout format. It was created in 1980, and since 1991 includes Eastern teams as well. The most recent champions are VfL Wolfsburg (ten consecutive titles), they also won the most titles with eleven. Since 1985 the final has been held in Berlin. This routine changed in 2010 when the DFB gave the final to the city of Cologne. It ever stayed in the city and was held at the RheinEnergieStadion. The final usually takes place on a weekend or holiday in early May.
Nissan Crew
The Nissan Crew is a mid-size sedan manufactured by Nissan between 1993 and 2009, sold only in Japan and mostly used as taxicabs, driver training, and by law enforcement agencies as police cars. Its FR layout and simple construction created a steady following converting Crews into drifting and tuning cars.

Its main competitor was the Toyota Comfort. An indication of its intended market as a taxi is that the b-pillar is set 5 cm (2 in) further forward on the passenger (left) side, making the driver's side door and the left rear door larger than the others since these two would see the majority of use. The rear left door was also available with power opening.

Car tuning
Car tuning is the modification of a car to optimise it for a different set of performance requirements from those it was originally designed to meet. Most commonly this is higher engine performance and dynamic handling characteristics but cars may also be altered to provide better fuel economy, or smoother response. The goal when tuning is the improvement of a vehicle's overall performance in response to the user's needs. Often, tuning is done at the expense of emissions performance, component reliability and occupant comfort.

As a culture has grown around modified cars the term tuning has grown to encompass the cosmetic and stylistic changes owners make to personalize their vehicles. These changes can range from functional modifications designed to improve the performance or functionality of the car, to visual modifications which alter the aesthetics of the car and, in the case of certain mods, sometimes be detrimental to the performance or functionality of the car.
Showtime Steppers
The Showtime Steppers are a nationally recognized step team, and the first professional step team of its kind. The group, which originated from a Fort Worth, Texas high school, was professionally founded by Jenerian "El Hadjo" Young, and is currently being led by  Shane "Mr. Showtime" Wilson. This group has become one of the most established professional step teams in America, and is widely known as "America's Favorite Step Team". The group has performed several times on national television, and has performed live for Kirk Franklin, President Barack Obama and his family, Ne-Yo, Pretty Ricky, Trey Songz, Nick Cannon, Lil' Fizz, Deitrick Haddon, Fonzworth Bentley, and Tonex.

106 & Park
106 & Park is  an American hip hop and R&B music video show, set up in a countdown format, that was broadcast on weekdays at 6:00 pm ET/5:00 pm CT on BET; it aired on a one-day delay on BET International. It was the network's highest-rated show throughout its run. On November 14, 2014, BET cancelled 106 & Park, with an alleged shift to a digital-only format, with occasional specials during network event programming, though the last time it was seen in any form was the 2016 BET Experience, and the digital-only program never aired.

Several outlets have reported that, in light of the show's 25th anniversary, a reboot will premiere by September 2025.
M'hamed Boucetta
M'hamed Boucetta (in Arabic: امحمد بوستة – Born 23 December 1925 in Marrakech – Dead 17 February 2017 in Rabat) was a Moroccan politician and lawyer.

Boucetta held several top political position in post-independent Morocco, including: Minister of Justice (1961–1963), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1977–1979, 1979–1983) and co-founder and secretary general of the Istiqlal Party (1974–1998).

Politics of Morocco
Politics of Morocco take place in a framework of an official parliamentary semi-constitutional islamic monarchy, whereby the prime minister of Morocco is the head of government, and of a  multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives of Morocco and the Assembly of Councillors. The Moroccan Constitution provides for a monarchy with a Parliament and an independent judiciary.

On June 17, 2011, King Mohammed VI announced a series of reforms that would transform Morocco into a constitutional monarchy.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Morocco a "hybrid regime" in 2022.
Ejnar Fischer
Ejnar Fischer (1877 – February 8, 1930) was a Norwegian engineer and entomologist. He especially collected beetles, many from his time spent in Australia. He was one of the founders of the Norwegian Entomological Society, which was established in 1904.

Norwegian Entomological Society
The Norwegian Entomological Society (Norwegian: Norsk entomologisk forening, NEF) was established in 1904. The purpose of the society is to promote an interest in and the study of entomology in Norway and to establish contact between the interested parties. The society is open to both amateurs and experts. Anyone with an interest in insects or other arthropod groups can become a member.

Local branches of the society are located in the largest Norwegian cities, and they organize excursions to particularly interesting sites and guides who offer advice on identifying species and preparing collected material.
Tenancingo, Tlaxcala
Tenancingo is a town and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Tlaxcala.

Tenancingo is now considered to be the center for sex trafficking throughout Mexico, with roots of the practice dating back to the 1970s. It is home to local organized crime operations that work in collaboration with the larger cartels: Los Zetas, Nuevo Milenio, Caballeros Templarios, and the Gulf Cartel.

Milenio Cartel
The Milenio Cartel, or Cártel de los Valencia (Valencia family Cartel), was a Mexican criminal organization based in Michoacán. It relocated to Jalisco in the early 2000s. The Jalisco New Generation Cartel was born from the splintering of the Milenio Cartel.
Allegheny County District Attorney
The Allegheny County district attorney is the elected district attorney for Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of Pennsylvania commonwealth laws (federal law violations are prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania). The current district attorney is Stephen Zappala.

In 1995, the assistant district attorneys formed a collective bargaining unit and voted to be represented by the United Steelworkers of America. The bargaining unit also represents assistant public defenders and scientists in the coroner's office (now the Office of Medical Examiner) and computer professionals in the prothonotary's office (now the Department of Court Records).

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Koganeyama Shrine
The Koganeyama Jinja (黄金山神社) is a Shintō shrine in the town of Wakuya Tōda District, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It claims to have been built on the site of the first gold mine in Japan, and is protected by the central government as a National Historic Site.

The main festival of the shrine is held annually on September 15.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
Laruns
Laruns (French pronunciation: [laʁœ̃s]; Occitan: Laruntz) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

It is situated at the confluence of two mountain streams, the Gave d'Ossau and its tributary, the Valentin.

Formerly part of the province of Béarn, Laruns is now within the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, itself in France's Nouvelle-Aquitaine région. It forms part of the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie, and of the canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-2.

Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie
The arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie is an arrondissement of France in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 155 communes. Its population is 71,686 (2021), and its area is 2,828.2 km2 (1,092.0 sq mi).
The Mermaids Singing
The Mermaids Singing (1995) is a crime novel by Scottish author Val McDermid. The first featuring her recurring protagonist, Dr. Tony Hill, it was adapted into the pilot episode of ITV1's television series based on McDermid's work, Wire in the Blood, starring Robson Green and Hermione Norris.

The title is part of the fifth line from the poem Song by John Donne, that was referenced in a poem by T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.

Robson Green
Robson Golightly Green (born 18 December 1964) is an English actor, singer-songwriter and television presenter.

His first major TV role was as hospital porter Jimmy Powell in BBC drama series Casualty in 1989. He then went on to portray Fusilier Dave Tucker in the ITV military drama series Soldier Soldier, between 1991 and 1995. In 1997 he played Dr. Owen Springer in drama serial Reckless, and starred as Dr. Tony Hill in the ITV crime drama series Wire in the Blood (2002-2008). Since 2014, he has played Detective Inspector Geordie Keating in ITV's detective period drama Grantchester. As of early 2026, Season 10 has aired and Season 11, the last season, is in the works with no expected air date yet known.

As a TV presenter he has fronted shows such as Extreme Fishing, Extreme Fishing Challenge and Tales from Northumberland. He was one half of the singing duo Robson & Jerome, along with fellow Soldier Soldier actor Jerome Flynn, who had several No. 1 singles in the 1990s.
2019 NB Tankard
The 2019 NB Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship of New Brunswick was held January 23 to 27 at Curl Moncton in Moncton, New Brunswick.  The winning Terry Odishaw team represented New Brunswick at the 2019 Tim Hortons Brier in Brandon, Manitoba.

The event was held in conjunction with the 2019 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship.

New Brunswick Tankard
The New Brunswick Tankard is the New Brunswick provincial championship for men's curling. It was formerly called the Papa John's Pizza Tankard, Pepsi Tankard, Molson Canadian Men's Provincial Curling Championship, Alexander Keith's Tankard, the Labatt Tankard and Ganong Cup. The tournament is run by the New Brunswick Curling Association. The winner represents Team New Brunswick at The Brier.