hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castel Savelli
Castel Savelli (also Castel Savello) was a castle near Albano Laziale, in the Lazio region of central Italy. The Savelli family had owned the estate since the 1160s, and build the castle during the papal reign of Pope Honorius III (1216–1227) and Pope Honorius IV (1285–1287). The castle was razed by the forces of cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi in 1435, and never rebuilt.

Giovanni Vitelleschi
Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi (1396 – 2 April 1440) was an Italian cardinal and condottiere.

In 1434, Vitelleschi was the commander of the papal armies of Pope Eugene IV when the Colonna faction at Rome backed an insurrection that raised a temporary republic at Rome and exiled Eugene. Vitelleschi managed to recapture the city and had the Roman Senate declare him tertius pater patriae post Romulum ("the third Father of his Country since Romulus"). He remained powerful for a few years, but his intercepted correspondence indicated that he was conspiring against Eugene. Eugene had his former commander arrested and incarcerated in the Castel Sant'Angelo.
Listed buildings in Snelson, Cheshire
Snelson is a former civil parish in Cheshire East, England.  It contained two buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, both of which are listed at Grade II.  This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish was entirely rural, its listed buildings consisting of a house and a weir associated with a country house.

Cheshire East
Cheshire East is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. The local authority is Cheshire East Council. Towns within the area include Crewe, Macclesfield, Congleton, Wilmslow, Nantwich, Poynton, Knutsford, Alsager, Bollington, Handforth and Sandbach.
Single Saturday Night
"Single Saturday Night" is a song recorded by American country music singer Cole Swindell. It was released on May 22, 2020 as the lead single from his fourth studio album Stereotype. The song was written by Swindell, Mark Holman, Ashley Gorley and Michael Hardy, and produced by Michael Carter.

Hardy (singer)
Michael Wilson Hardy (born September 13, 1990), known mononymously as Hardy (stylized in all caps as HARDY), is an American country, country rock and hard rock singer and songwriter. His music incorporates heavy metal, punk rock, soul, and hip hop elements. He has written songs for Florida Georgia Line, Chris Lane, Blake Shelton, Dallas Smith, Thomas Rhett, and Morgan Wallen.

Hardy has released five studio albums for Big Loud Records, A Rock (2020), The Mockingbird & the Crow (2023), Quit!! (2024), and Country! Country! (2025),  as well as three collaborative mixtapes, Hixtape, Vol. 1 (2019), Hixtape, Vol. 2 (2021), and Hixtape: Vol. 3: Difftape (2024). His singles "Give Heaven Some Hell", "One Beer", "Wait in the Truck" and "Truck Bed" charted in the US and Canada, and his album, The Mockingbird & the Crow, topped the country music charts in early 2023.
Arboretum d'Olhain
50°26′24″N 2°34′26″E﻿ / ﻿50.44°N 2.574°E﻿ / 50.44; 2.574
The Arboretum d'Olhain is a 2 hectare arboretum located in the Forêt Domaniale d'Olhain near Olhain, Fresnicourt-le-Dolmen, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. It is open daily without charge.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Thierry Peponnet
Thierry Peponnet (born 7 September 1959) is a French sailor and Olympic champion.

He won a gold medal in the 470 class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, together with Luc Pillot. They received bronze medals in 1984.

He was involved with Le Défi in the 1995 Louis Vuitton Cup and 2000 Louis Vuitton Cup, and Areva Challenge at the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup.

Le Défi
Le Défi was a French America's Cup team that competed in the 1992, 1995, 2000 and 2003 Louis Vuitton Cups and in the first few Acts of the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup. After 2005 Le Défi supported China Team.
Altyn Dala Conservation Initiative
The Altyn Dala Conservation Initiative (ADCI) is a partnership between the Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), the Government of Kazakhstan, Fauna and Flora, Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS), and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. The Initiative’s aim is to support the conservation of steppe and semi-desert ecosystems across Kazakhstan.

In 2024 it was awarded The Earthshot Prize in the Protect and Restore Nature category.

Government of Kazakhstan
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Үкіметі, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Ükımetı) is the collegial body that exercises executive power in the Republic of Kazakhstan; the government heads the system of executive bodies and directs their activities. The Government is formed by the President of Kazakhstan in the manner prescribed by the constitution. The current cabinet is headed by Oljas Bektenov, who was sworn in as Prime Minister on 6 February 2024.  The Government House is located on the left bank near Akorda at the House of Ministries at Mangilik el 8 ave in Astana. The length of the building is about 1.5 km. It consists of 20 blocks and has a stepped shape – from 8 to 10 floors. The total area of the facility is 228 thousand square meters. The outer walls are monolithic reinforced concrete, the finish is ceramic granite.
Miles Kochevar
Miles Kochevar (born c. 1983) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Colorado Mesa University, a position he has held since 2022. He previously coached for Colorado State, Humboldt State, West Texas A&M, Northern Colorado, and CSU Pueblo. He played college football for Colorado State as a defensive back.

Northern Colorado Bears football
The Northern Colorado Bears football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Northern Colorado located in Greeley, Colorado. The team competes in the Big Sky Conference at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The university's first football team was fielded in 1893. They joined Division I in 2004. The team plays home games at the 8,533 seat Nottingham Field on campus. The Bears announced the hiring of Ed Lamb on December 6, 2022, replacing Ed McCaffrey, who went 6–16 in two seasons.
Aposkepos
Aposkepos (Greek: Απόσκεπος) is a village in Kastoria Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece. It is part of the community of Kastoria.

In 1945, Greek Foreign Minister Ioannis Politis ordered the compilation of demographic data regarding the Prefecture of Kastoria. The village Aposkepos had a total of 379 inhabitants, and was populated by 340 Slavophones with a Bulgarian national consciousness.

Kastoria (regional unit)
Kastoria (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Καστοριάς, Perifereiakí Enótita Kastoriás) is one of the 74 regional units of Greece and is part of the region of Western Macedonia. Its capital is the homonymous city of Kastoria.
Mario Cipollini
Mario Cipollini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrjo tʃipolˈliːni]; born 22 March 1967), often abbreviated  to Cipo, is a retired Italian professional road cyclist most noted for his sprinting ability, the longevity of his dominance (his first pro win came in 1988, his last in 2005; 170 professional wins, 192 including criteriums), and his colourful personality. His nicknames include Il Re Leone  (The Lion King) and Super Mario. He is regarded as having been the best sprinter of his generation.

His career highlights include the Road World Championships and Milan–San Remo in 2002, and 42 stages in the Giro d'Italia. He also won 12 stages in the Tour de France and three stages in the Vuelta a España.

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
2015 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21
The 2015 Tour de France was the 102nd edition of the race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour started in Utrecht, Netherlands on 4 July and finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 26 July. On 21 July, between stages 16 and 17 there was a rest day in Gap.

Hors catégorie
Hors catégorie (HC) is a French term used in stage bicycle races to designate a climb that is "beyond categorization". The term was originally used for those mountain roads where cars were not expected to be able to pass.

The HC climb is the most difficult type of climb in a race. It is more demanding than a Category 1 climb which in turn is more demanding than a Category 2 climb and so on. The easiest category is Category 4.

These five categories are defined by their steepness and length. In addition, their position on the route can play a role. For instance, a climb that would normally be a Category 1 climb can become a HC climb if it is the final climb of a stage.

The average HC climb in the Tour de France from 2012 to 2016 is 16.1 kilometers long and has a grade of 7.4%. There are around 7 HC climbs per Tour.
Exacerbation
In medicine, an exacerbation is the worsening  of a disease or an increase in its symptoms. Examples includes an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure.

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), is a sudden worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms including shortness of breath, quantity and color of phlegm that typically lasts for several days.

It may be triggered by an infection with bacteria or viruses or by environmental pollutants. Typically, infections cause 75% or more of the exacerbations; bacteria can roughly be found in 25% of cases, viruses in another 25%, and both viruses and bacteria in another 25%. Airway inflammation is increased during the exacerbation resulting in increased hyperinflation, reduced expiratory air flow and decreased gas exchange.

Exacerbations can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe. As COPD progresses, exacerbations tend to become more frequent, the average being about three episodes per year.
Edward Montgomery (Australian politician)
Edward Hugh Montgomery (5 July 1906 – 8 June 1986) was an Australian politician and teacher.

Born in Ballarat, Montgomery attended Ballarat Grammar School and the Gordon Institute, where he studied education. He was an assistant master at Ballarat Grammar School from 1928 to 1940 and at Geelong Grammar School from 1941 to 1948. In 1948 Montgomery was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in a by-election for the seat of Geelong, representing the Liberal Party. He was defeated in 1950 and returned to  Geelong Grammar School, where he became the founding headmaster of the school's Timbertop annexe, retiring from that post in 1963. In 1965 he moved to Queensland to become a registrar with the Anglican diocese of Rockhampton, returning to Ballarat to retire in 1974. Montgomery died in 1986.

Gordon Institute of TAFE
The Gordon Institute of TAFE is the Technical and Further Education institute predominantly servicing the wider Geelong area in Victoria, Australia. The Gordon opened in 1887 and celebrated 130 years of providing education in 2017.

The Gordon provides education to more than 13,500 students annually and, with more than 500 staff members, it is one of the largest employers in Geelong. The Gordon offers over 350 courses across several campuses located in Geelong City, East Geelong, Werribee and Hoppers Crossing. Sixty percent (60%) of The Gordon students live in the wider Geelong region.
Carl Galbreath
Carl S. Galbreath (April 15, 1927 – August 26, 2009) was an American football running back in the Ontario Rugby Football Union.

A graduate of North Carolina Central University, he was a star player in college, selected as an All-CIAA running back four years and a Little All-American twice. He played one year of football in Canada, 1950, with the Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers of the ORFU and it was a successful one. His team won the league championship, he was an all-star, and he won the Imperial Oil Trophy as MVP in the ORFU.

After his football career, Galbreath served with the Army in the Korean War, and later became a teacher and assistant principal. He was elected to the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association Hall of Fame in 1995. He died on August 26, 2009.

Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association
The Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (originally and through 1950 known as the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association — CIAA) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, whose member institutions consist entirely of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).

The thirteen member institutions reside primarily along the central portion of the East Coast of the United States, in the states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Since a majority of the members are in North Carolina, the CIAA moved its headquarters to Charlotte, North Carolina from Hampton, Virginia in August 2015.

The CIAA sponsors 14 annual championships and divides into north and south divisions for some sports. The most notable CIAA sponsored championship is the CIAA Basketball Tournament having become one of the largest college basketball events in the nation.
Lockheed Martin F-16V Viper
The Lockheed Martin F-16V Viper is a family of new and upgraded American made single-engine supersonic multirole fighter aircraft developed from the longstanding F-16 Fighting Falcon. The  platforms, featuring APG-83 AESA radar, upgraded avionics with a modern mission computer, enhanced cockpit displays, and electronic warfare suite such as Viper Shield. According to the manufacturer, the aircraft delivering 5th Generation fighter radar capabilities by leveraging hardware and software commonality with F-22 and F-35 AESA radars while extending service life and interoperability with stealth platforms. Initially introduced to support export customers like Taiwan and Greece through both new production and retrofit options, the Viper configuration continues to be fielded and modernized by Lockheed Martin and international partners. The United States Air Force also decided to modernize large number of its previous versions of the F-16 with similar modification known as the F-16 PoBIT.

Electronic warfare
Electromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare can be applied from air, sea, land, or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets.
2008 Colorado Amendment 51
Colorado Amendment 51 was a citizen's initiative proposed by Wendy B. Rosanova of Centennial, CO, and Marijo Rymer, executive director of The Arc of Colorado. It was turned down by 62.4% of the voters. If it had passed, Amendment 51 would have amended the Colorado statutes to:

increase the state sales tax and use tax from 2.9 percent to 3.0 percent on July 1, 2009, and from 3.0 percent to 3.1 percent on July 1, 2010;

direct that the new money be used to pay for services for people with developmental disabilities and to help eliminate the waiting list for services;

prohibit the legislature from reducing the current level of state funding for services for people with developmental disabilities; and

exempt the new money from state spending limits.

Colorado General Assembly
39°44′21″N 104°59′05″W﻿ / ﻿39.7392°N 104.9848°W﻿ / 39.7392; -104.9848
The Colorado General Assembly is the state legislature of the State of Colorado. It is a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives that was created by the 1876 state constitution. Its statutes are codified in the Colorado Revised Statutes (C.R.S.). The session laws are published in the Session Laws of Colorado.

Colorado's legislature is similar to those of other states, except that, unlike many states, Colorado does not give its lieutenant governor any legislative authority (e.g. tie-breaking vote).
2000 Energis Dutch Open – Singles
Younes El Aynaoui was the defending champion, but the Moroccan did not compete. Magnus Gustafsson won in the final 6–7(4–7), 6–3, 7–6(7–5), 6–1 against unseeded Raemon Sluiter and captured the fourteenth and last title of his professional career.

Magnus Gustafsson
Magnus Nils Gustafsson (born 3 January 1967) is a tennis coach and former top ten professional tennis player from Sweden. Gustafsson won 14 tour singles titles during his career and finished 15 consecutive seasons within the world's top 100, reaching a career-high singles ranking of world No. 10 in 1991. He was instrumental in Sweden capturing the Davis Cup in 1998, winning both his singles rubbers in the final in straight sets. His best performance at a Grand Slam event came at the Australian Open in 1994, where he reached the quarterfinals. During his career, he beat several top five players including Ivan Lendl, Michael Stich, Goran Ivanisevic, Andre Agassi and Michael Chang.
Taslim Martin
Taslim Martin (born 1962) is a British sculptor and designer, creating works that range from public art commissions to domestic-scale items. He has undertaken urban space and park sculpture commissions in the UK and exhibited internationally. He was elected a member of the Royal Society of Sculptors in 2017 and is a Brother of the Art Workers' Guild. Works by Martin are in the permanent collection of the British Museum and of the Horniman Museum. His sister is poet, playwright and activist Ros Martin.

Royal Society of Sculptors
The Royal Society of Sculptors (RSS) is a British charity established in 1905, which promotes excellence in the art and practice of sculpture. Its headquarters are a centre for contemporary sculpture on Old Brompton Road in South Kensington, London. It is the oldest and largest organisation dedicated to sculpture in the UK. Until 2017, it was known as the Royal British Society of Sculptors.

The Royal Society of Sculptors is a registered charity with a selective membership of around 700 professional sculptors. It aims to inspire, inform and engage people of all ages and backgrounds with sculpture, and to support sculptors' development of their practice to the highest professional standards.
Mykola Yankovsky
Mykola Andriyovych Yankovsky (born 12 August 1944 in Pokotilovo, Ukrainian SSR) is a former Ukrainian businessman who has influenced Ukraine’s chemical production landscape and made it environmentally friendly.  Candidate of Economic Sciences (1998), Professor, Head of the Department of Advanced Technologies in Management of Donetsk State Academy of Management (since 1999); Academician of AINU (1992), AENU (1995). Member of the Academy of Russian Entrepreneurs (1997). Professor Emeritus of the Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology. Hero of Ukraine ( 2003 ).

Academy of Management
The Academy of Management is a professional association for scholars of management and organizations, established in 1936. It publishes several academic journals, organizes international conferences, and provides forums for management professors and practitioners to exchange research, insights, and ideas.
Tarski's circle-squaring problem
Tarski's circle-squaring problem is the challenge, posed by Alfred Tarski in 1925, to take a disc in the plane, cut it into finitely many pieces, and reassemble the pieces so as to get a square of equal area. It is possible, using pieces that are Borel sets, but not with pieces cut by Jordan curves.

Disk (mathematics)
In geometry, a disk (also spelled disc) is the region in a plane bounded by a circle. A disk is said to be closed if it contains the circle that constitutes its boundary, and open if it does not.

For a radius , an open disk is usually denoted as , and a closed disk is . However in the field of topology the closed disk is usually denoted as , while the open disk is .
Stoner 63
The Stoner 63 is a 5.56×45mm NATO modular weapon system. Using a variety of modular components, it can be configured as an assault rifle, carbine, top-fed light machine gun, belt-fed squad automatic weapon, or as a vehicle mounted weapon. Also known as the M63, XM22, XM23, XM207 or the Mk 23 MOD 0 machine gun, it was designed by Eugene Stoner in the early 1960s. Cadillac Gage was the primary manufacturer of the Stoner 63 during its history. The Stoner 63 saw very limited combat use by US military units during the Vietnam War. A few were also sold to law enforcement agencies.

5.56×45mm NATO
The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO, commonly pronounced "five-five-six") is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire intermediate cartridge family developed in the late 1970s in Belgium by FN Herstal. It consists of the SS109, L110, and SS111 cartridges. On 28 October 1980, under STANAG 4172, it was standardized as the second standard service rifle cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. Though they are not identical, the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge family was derived from the .223 Remington cartridge designed by Remington Arms in the early 1960s, which has a near-identical case. However, firing chamber dimensions differ slightly between rifles manufactured for the designated cartridges. The differences may cause unsafe chamber pressures when firing 5.56 NATO in rifles designed for .223 Remington. Therefore, this combination is not recommended.
Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows
Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows is a mystery novel by James Lovegrove. It is a Sherlock Holmes pastiche that involves H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. It is the first book in Lovegrove's Cthulhu Casebooks trilogy. The second novel, Sherlock Holmes and the Miskatonic Monstrosities, was released in November 2017 and a third, Sherlock Holmes and the Sussex Sea-Devils, in November 2018.

Cthulhu Mythos
The Cthulhu Mythos is a mythopoeia and a shared universe, originating in the works of American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. The term was coined by August Derleth, a contemporary correspondent and protégé of Lovecraft, to describe the settings, tropes, and lore employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors. The name "Cthulhu" derives from the central creature in Lovecraft's seminal short story "The Call of Cthulhu", first published in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928.

Richard L. Tierney, a writer who also wrote Mythos tales, later applied the term "Derleth Mythos" to distinguish Lovecraft's works from Derleth's later stories, which modify key tenets of the Mythos. Authors of Lovecraftian horror in particular frequently use elements of the Cthulhu Mythos.: viii–ix