hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
51st Georgia Infantry Regiment
The 51st Georgia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

The regiment was formed in March 1862, and initially assigned to defensive duty in South Carolina. It was engaged at the Battle of Secessionville near Charleston before being sent northward for duty in Virginia. Upon reaching Virginia in July 1862, the 51st Georgia was assigned to Drayton's Brigade within the Army of Northern Virginia. After the Battle of Antietam in September, Robert E. Lee decided to reorganize his army for more efficiency, and the 51st Regiment was permanently assigned to Paul Jones Semmes's brigade. The subsequent brigade commanders were Goode Bryan and James P. Simms. The 51st stayed in this brigade for the duration of the Civil War.

The regiment was a part of the Army of Northern Virginia from July 1862 until its surrender at Appomattox Court House, except during James Longstreet's 1863 independent expedition to Georgia and East Tennessee.

Thomas Drayton
Thomas Fenwick Drayton (August 24, 1809 – February 18, 1891) was an American planter, politician, railroad president, slave owner and military officer from Charleston, South Carolina.  He served in the United States Army and then as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.  His brother, Percival Drayton, was a Naval Officer and fought on the Union side during the war.
Port Aransas, Texas
Port Aransas (/əˈrænzəs/ ə-RAN-zəs) is a city in Nueces County, Texas, United States. This city is 180 miles southeast of San Antonio. The population was 2,904 at the 2020 census. Port Aransas is the only established town on Mustang Island. It is located north of Padre Island and is one of the longest barrier islands along the Texas coast. Corpus Christi Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, the Lydia Ann Ship Channel, and the Corpus Christi Ship Channel make up the surrounding waters.

Corpus Christi Ship Channel
The Corpus Christi Ship Channel is a deep water navigable ship canal located in Corpus Christi, Texas. It is part of the Port of Corpus Christi, managed and controlled by the Corpus Christi Port Authority. The depth of the channel is 45 feet (14 meters). It is used mostly for heavy industry and the export and import of goods.

The channel dates back to the 1840s as a mud slough where cowboys hid and watched Comanche braves throw buffalo robes in the thick mud to prevent their horses from sinking. Years later, a wooden bridge was constructed over the slough, at the time called Hall's Bayou.
Dotrice
Dotrice is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Roy Dotrice, OBE (1923–2017), English actor

Kay Dotrice (1929–2007), British actress, wife of Roy

Michele Dotrice (born 1948), English actress, daughter of Roy and Kay

Karen Dotrice (born 1955), English actress, daughter of Roy and Kay

Kay Dotrice
Katherine Florence Dotrice (née Newman; 9 May 1929 – 2 August 2007), known professionally as Kay Newman and Kay Dotrice, was a British stage and screen actress, best known for her roles in the UK TV series Crossroads, the movie Cheech & Chong's The Corsican Brothers, and many repertory performances during the 1950s.
Asha Ahmed Abdalla
Asha Ahmed Abdalla (Somali: Casha Axmed Cabdalla; Arabic: عائشة أحمد عبد الله; born 1958) is a Somali politician. She was a founding member of the Transitional Federal Parliament, and was the first female run for presidential candidate, Asha is a veteran legislator representing the northern Sanaag constituency.

2004 Somali presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Somalia on 10 October 2004. The president was elected by the Transitional Federal Parliament. The election process involved multiple rounds of voting, with various candidates vying for the presidency. Former President of Puntland, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, was elected as the 6th President of Somalia.
Bain Capital Ventures
Bain Capital Ventures LLC is the venture capital division within Bain Capital, which has approximately $160 billion of assets under management worldwide. The firm's early-stage investments have included Attentive, Bloomreach, Billtrust, Docusign, Flywire, LinkedIn, Justworks, Turbonomic, Rent the Runway, Twilio, Rapid7, and Redis. Bain Capital Ventures manages  $10 billion of committed capital, has over 400 active portfolio companies, and has offices in New York City, Palo Alto, and San Francisco.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Steroid rosacea
Steroid-induced rosacea is an iatrogenic condition (induced by the physician or patient) from the use of either systemic steroid or topical steroids.  It is nearly identical to steroid induced acne from the standpoint of etiology.

Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, and also their synthetic analogues. The two main classes of corticosteroids – glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids – are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior.

Some common naturally occurring steroid hormones are cortisol (C21H30O5), corticosterone (C21H30O4), cortisone (C21H28O5) and aldosterone (C21H28O5) (cortisone and aldosterone are isomers). The main corticosteroids produced by the adrenal cortex are cortisol and aldosterone.
India Walton
India B. Walton (née Suttles; born June 14, 1982) is an American political activist and nurse. In 2021, she defeated incumbent Byron Brown in the Democratic Party primary for mayor of Buffalo, New York, before losing to Brown in the general election, where he ran as a write-in candidate. In 2026, she was briefly a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York in that year's gubernatorial election as the running mate of incumbent lieutenant governor Antonio Delgado. Delgado withdrew from the race one week after announcing Walton as his running mate.

The Buffalo News
The Buffalo News is the main newspaper of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, located in downtown Buffalo, New York.

It was for decades the only paper fully owned by Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway. In 2020, the paper was sold to Lee Enterprises.
DRB Class 06
The German DRB Class 06 engines were standard steam locomotives (Einheitsdampflokomotiven) with the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DRB) designed to haul express train services. They were the only German locomotives with a 4-8-4 (Northern) wheel arrangement.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
Yu Min (physicist)
Yu Min (Chinese: 于敏; pinyin: Yú Mǐn; 16 August 1926 – 16 January 2019) was a prominent Chinese nuclear physicist. He was an academic of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), a lead nuclear weapon designer in the Ninth Academy, and a recipient of Two Bombs, One Satellite Achievement Medal. He is remembered as “the father of [the] Chinese Hydrogen Bomb”.: 72

Yu was posthumously bestowed the Medal of the Republic, the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China, in September 2019.

Medal of the Republic
The Medal of the Republic is the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China. The bestowal is decided by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and presented by the President of China. According to law, this medal is bestowed on "outstanding individuals who have made great contributions and established outstanding merits in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and defense of the country."

On 27 December 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed a law establishing three national orders of merit: the Medal of the Republic, the National Honorary Titles, and the Friendship Medal, effective on 1 January 2016.
ClassTV
ClassTV was an Italian TV Channel launched in 2003 owned by Class Editori (who also own Class CNBC).

The channel originally launched as an all-news channel and renamed before Class News msnbc on 6 September 2010 and after ClassTV MSNBC on 2 May 2011.

It was later relaunched as an Italian news and movie channel before its closure. It was broadcast in Italy on DTT channel 27 on Mux Mediaset 2.

On 27 January 2015, the channel ceased transmission, and was replaced by a series of filter to promote Sky TG24's launch over the air.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
Ellidde Illi Tanaka
Ellidde Illi Tanaka is a 2019 Indian Kannada language action romance film, written by Arun Ramadass and  directed by Tejaswi making his debut. It is produced by Srujan Lokesh under his banner Lokesh Productions. The film is starring Hariprriya and Srujan Lokesh in the lead role  while Tara, Sadhu Kokila and Girija Lokesh in the other supporting roles. The music for the film is scored by Arjun Janya. The cinematography and editing is done by H.C.Venu

Lokesh Productions
Lokesh Productions, based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, is an Indian production company best known for making non-fiction shows in the Kannada language. It was founded in 2013 by Girija Lokesh and Srujan Lokesh, wife and son of veteran Kannada actor Lokesh, son of Subbaiah Naidu, who was credited as the first hero of Kannada silent movies. The production house has produced several successful shows on television including Challenge, Chota Champion, and Kaasige Toss, all being reality shows. Currently, the house produces Majaa Talkies, a sketch comedy show which has been a huge hit among the Kannada audience.
Money (British TV series)
Money is a British television series based on the 1984 novel of the same name by British author Martin Amis. First aired in May 2010, the two-part series was produced for the BBC, starring Nick Frost in the lead role as John Self, with Tim Pigott-Smith, Hattie Morahan, Adrian Lukis, and Emma Pierson also featuring in the series.

Hattie Morahan
Harriet Jane Morahan (born 7 October 1978), better known as Hattie Morahan, is an English actress. Her roles include Sister Clara in The Golden Compass (2007), Gale Benson in The Bank Job  (2008), Alice in The Bletchley Circle (2012–2014), Ann in Mr. Holmes (2015), Rose Coyne in My Mother and Other Strangers (2016), Agathe/The Enchantress in Beauty and the Beast (2017), Corinne Aldrich in Luther: The Fallen Sun, Louise in Hijack, and Caroline Burkett in Fool Me Once.
Chapman Medal
The Chapman Medal is an award of the Royal Astronomical Society, given for "investigations of outstanding merit in the science of the Sun, space and planetary environments or solar-terrestrial physics". It is named after Sydney Chapman (1888–1970), a British geophysicist who worked on solar-terrestrial physics and aeronomy. The medal was first awarded in 1973, initially on a triennial basis. From 2004 to 2012 it was awarded biennially, and since 2012 has been annual.

Solar physics
Solar physics is the branch of astrophysics that specializes in the study of the Sun. It intersects with many disciplines of pure physics and astrophysics.

Because the Sun is uniquely situated for close-range observing (other stars cannot be resolved with anything like the spatial or temporal resolution that the Sun can), there is a split between the related discipline of observational astrophysics (of distant stars) and observational solar physics.

The study of solar physics is also important as it provides a "physical laboratory" for the study of plasma physics.
Sleeping Giant (Connecticut)
Sleeping Giant (also known as the Blue Hills and Mount Carmel), (Quiripi: Hobbomock), is a rugged traprock mountain with a high point of 739 feet (225 m), located eight miles (13 km) north of New Haven, Connecticut. A prominent landscape feature visible for miles, the Sleeping Giant receives its name from its anthropomorphic resemblance to a slumbering human figure as seen from either the north or south. The Giant is known for its expansive clifftop vistas, rugged topography, and microclimate ecosystems. Most of the Giant is located within Sleeping Giant State Park. The mountain is a popular recreation site: over 30 miles (48 km) of hiking trails traverse it including 5 miles (8 km) of the 23-mile (37 km) Quinnipiac Trail. Quinnipiac University is located at Mount Carmel's foot in Hamden.

Trap rock
Trap rock, also known as either trapp or trap, is any dark-colored, fine-grained, non-granitic intrusive or extrusive igneous rock. Types of trap rock include basalt, peridotite, diabase, and gabbro. Trap is also used to refer to flood (plateau) basalts, such as the Deccan Traps and Siberian Traps. The erosion of trap rock created by the stacking of successive lava flows often creates a distinct stairstep landscape from which the term trap was derived from the Swedish word trappa, which means "stairs".

The slow cooling of magma either as a sill or as a thick lava flow sometimes creates systematic vertical fractures within the resulting layer of trap rock. These fractures often form rock columns that are typically hexagonal but could be four- to eight-sided.
Duttaphrynus noellerti
Duttaphrynus noellerti (common name: Noellert's toad) is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the rainforests of southwestern Sri Lanka. It is named after Andreas Nöllert, a German herpetologist and photographer who first noted the distinctiveness of the species.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Roger Dahi
Roger Dahi (born 7 December 1961) is a sport shooter who has twice represented Syria at the Summer Olympics.

At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens he participated in the men's skeet event, finishing in 41st, and last, position. At the 2008 Games in Beijing he again finished last of the 41 athletes in the men's skeet.

Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's skeet
The men's skeet shooting competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 21 and 22 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens, Greece.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 5 sets of 25 shots in the set order of skeet shooting.

In this last Olympic skeet competition before rules were changed, Marko Kemppainen attained a perfect 125 to break the world and Olympic records in the qualification round, but missed one target in the final, allowing Andrea Benelli to catch him up with a score of 149 to force the gold medal shoot-off. Meanwhile, Cuba's Juan Miguel Rodríguez had shared a score of 147 targets with Qatar's Nasser Al-Attiyah and United States' Shawn Dulohery, until he fired a perfect ten in a three-way shoot-off to grab the bronze.
Utah State Route 55
State Route 55 is a short highway that loops around the town of Price in central Utah, United States, beginning and ending at US-6/US-191 in a span of three miles (5 km). It is an old routing of US-6 and US-50. The entire route is co-signed with U.S. Route 6 Business.

U.S. Route 191 in Utah
U.S. Route 191 (US 191) is a major 404.168-mile (650.445 km), north–south U.S. Numbered Highway through eastern Utah, United States. The present alignment of US 191, which stretches from Mexico to Canada, was created in 1981 through Utah. Previously the route had entered northern Utah, ending at US 91 in Brigham City, but with the completion of Interstate 15 it was truncated to Yellowstone National Park and re-extended on a completely different alignment. In addition to a large portion of U.S. Route 163 in Utah (|US 163, this extension absorbed several state routes: the former Utah State Route 33, most of Utah State Route 44, and the former Utah State Route 260.
Henri G. Hers
Henri-Géry Hers (23 July 1923 – 14 December 2008) was a Belgian physiologist and biochemist, and a professor at the Universite Catholique de Louvain. He was notable for his work on carbohydrate metabolism and genetic disorders associated with it. An example is Hers' disease - Glycogen storage disease type VI - caused by deficiency of hepatic phosphorylase associated with an enlarged liver and mild hypoglycaemia. In 1966, he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Biological and Medical Sciences, and in 1975 was awarded the Gairdner Foundation International Award of the Gairdner Foundation. In 1988 he was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine.

Phosphorylase
In biochemistry, phosphorylases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate+hydrogen) to an acceptor.

A-B + P ⇌ A + P-B

They include allosteric enzymes that catalyze the production of glucose-1-phosphate from a glucan such as glycogen, starch or maltodextrin.

Phosphorylase is also a common name used for glycogen phosphorylase in honor of Earl W. Sutherland Jr., who in the late 1930s discovered it as the first phosphorylase.
Basile (noble family)
The Basile family, Basili, Bassil, or de Basilio is an ancient family of the Sicilian nobility, invested with the Baronia del Grano in 1473.

The family was ascribed to the nobility of Messina in the fifteenth century, subsequently dividing into the branches of Polizzi Generosa, Santa Lucia del Mela and Sant'Angelo di Brolo, places in which for several centuries it played an important part in the administrative, civil and ecclesiastical life.

In the 19th century, the family contributed to the process of national unification and, after the unification of Italy, produced several senators, deputies, mayors, high magistrates and university professors.

Polizzi Generosa
Polizzi Generosa is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo on the island of Sicily, southern Italy. Located in the Madonie Mountains at an elevation of 917 meters, the town is part of the Madonie Regional Natural Park, a UNESCO Global Geopark recognized for its ecological, geological, and cultural significance.
Nippoptilia vitis
Nippoptilia vitis (grape plume moth) is a moth of the Pterophoridae family. It comes from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China and Thailand.

The wingspan is about 11 millimetres (0.43 in) and the length of the forewings is 7–8 millimetres (0.28–0.31 in).

The larvae feed on Ampelopsis glandulosa, Cayratia japonica, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Vitis thunbergii and Vitis vinifera. They feed on the flowers leaves of their host plants. When feeding on the leaf of Cayratia japonica, it eats a leaf from the under surface. The pupal period lasts for about a week.

Vitis ficifolia
Vitis ficifolia is a species of liana in the grape family native to the Asian temperate climate zone. It is found in mainland China (Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong and Shanxi provinces), Japan (prefectures of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku and Ryukyu Islands), Taiwan and the Koreas.
Hilary Hughes
Hilary Hughes (1949–2021) was an outdoor and participatory arts performer, theatre director and lantern maker based in Stoke-on-Trent, where she founded the long-running cultural organisation B arts. Her work involved many performances across the city and beyond, from large-scale outdoor arts events, lantern festivals, giant puppets to small-scale intimate projects involving only few people. Her work has had a big influence on the development of socially engaged arts in the region, as well as across Europe. Her work received support and funding from Arts Council England, the Baring Foundation and the Paul Hamlyn Foundation, amongst others.

Paul Hamlyn Foundation
Paul Hamlyn Foundation is a registered charity, and a company limited by guarantee, which has been established in its current form since 2004, succeeding an earlier incarnation that was founded in 1987, which itself formalised established philanthropic giving by Paul Hamlyn that had been ongoing since 1972.

It is an independent grant-making foundation, making grants to individuals and organisations in the UK to help people overcome disadvantage. The foundation focuses on supporting children and young adults, especially in pursuit of the arts.

The Foundation is located in Kings Cross, London, with around 40 staff members. Trustees include James Lingwood (Chair), Jane Hamlyn, Michael Hamlyn, Marcus Davey, Martha Mackenzie and Akeela Ahmed.
Joe Jamail
Joseph Dahr Jamail Jr. (October 19, 1925 – December 23, 2015) was an American attorney and billionaire. As the wealthiest practicing attorney in America, he was frequently referred to as the "King of Torts".

In 2015, his net worth was estimated by Forbes to be $1.7 billion. Jamail died on December 23, 2015, in Houston, TX from complications related to pneumonia.

Delaware Supreme Court
The Delaware Supreme Court is the sole appellate court in the United States state of Delaware. Because Delaware is a popular haven for corporations, the Court has developed a worldwide reputation as a respected source of corporate law decisions, particularly in the area of mergers and acquisitions.