hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kuratowski convergence
In mathematics, Kuratowski convergence or Painlevé-Kuratowski convergence is a notion of convergence for subsets of a topological space. First introduced by Paul Painlevé in lectures on mathematical analysis in 1902, the concept was popularized in texts by Felix Hausdorff and Kazimierz Kuratowski.  Intuitively, the Kuratowski limit of a sequence of sets is where the sets "accumulate".

Felix Hausdorff
Felix Hausdorff (/ˈhaʊsdɔːrf/ HOWS-dorf, /ˈhaʊzdɔːrf/ HOWZ-dorf; November 8, 1868 – January 26, 1942) was a German mathematician, pseudonym Paul Mongré (à mon gré (Fr.) = "according to my taste"), who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, and functional analysis.

Hausdorff was Jewish, and life became difficult for him and his family after the Kristallnacht of 1938. The next year he initiated efforts to emigrate to the United States, but was unable to make arrangements to receive a research fellowship. On 26 January 1942, Hausdorff, along with his wife and his sister-in-law, died by suicide by taking an overdose of veronal, rather than comply with German orders to move to a concentration camp in Endenich.
1896 United States presidential election in Texas
The 1896 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 3, 1896. State voters chose 15 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Texas was won by the Democratic nominees, former U.S. Representative William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska and his running mate Arthur Sewall of Maine.

Arthur Sewall
Arthur Sewall (November 25, 1835 – September 5, 1900) was an American shipbuilder from Maine, best known as the Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1896, running mate to William Jennings Bryan. From 1888 to 1896, he served as a member of the Democratic National Committee and unsuccessfully ran for Maine's Senate seat against Eugene Hale. The only elective offices Sewall held were as councilman and alderman in the town of Bath, Maine.
Landon Carter
Colonel Landon Carter (August 18, 1710 – December 22, 1778) was an American planter and politician from Lancaster County, Virginia. Although one of the most popular patriotic writers and pamphleters of pre-Revolutionary and Revolutionary-era Virginia, he may today be perhaps best known for his journal, which described colonial life leading up the American War of Independence, The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter.

Lancaster County, Virginia
Lancaster County is a county located on the Northern Neck in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population sits at 10,919. Its county seat is Lancaster.

Located on the Northern Neck near the mouth of the Rappahannock River, Lancaster County is part of the Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace wine-growing region recognized by the United States as an American Viticultural Area. The largest town in Lancaster County is Kilmarnock, Virginia. The county's area code is 804.
Karystos
Karystos (Greek: Κάρυστος) or Carystus is a small coastal town on the Greek island of Euboea. It has about 5,000 inhabitants (12,000 in the municipality). It lies 129 km south of Chalkis. From Athens it is accessible by ferry via Marmari from the port of Rafina. After the Greek War of Independence, its urban plan was laid out by the renowned Bavarian civil engineer Bierbach, in the middle of the 19th century.

Rafina
Rafina (Greek: Ραφήνα) is a suburban port town located on the eastern coast of Attica in Greece. It has a population of 14,620 inhabitants (2021 census). Since the 2011 local government reform it has been part of the municipality Rafina-Pikermi, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 18.979 km2. It is part of the Athens metropolitan area.
2008 Balkan Badminton Championships
The 2008 Balkan Badminton Championships (Romanian: Campionatele Balcanice de Badminton 2008) was a badminton tournament sanctioned by the Balkan Badminton Association and Badminton Europe. The individual and mixed team events were held from 23 to 26 October 2008.

The tournament was held at the Euro Vacanţa Multipurpose Hall inside the Euro Vacanţa Hotel in Slănic-Moldova, Romania. A total of 72 players from six Balkan countries took part in the championships. In the team event, Bulgaria defeated Romania 3–1 in the final while Turkey defeated Greece 3–0 in the third place playoffs.

Badminton Europe
Badminton Europe (BEC) is the governing body of badminton in Europe. It is one of the five continental bodies under the flag of the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It  has 53 member associations and 1 associate member. It was founded on 27 September 1967 in Frankfurt, Germany.

At its annual meeting held on 8 April 2006 the members decided to change the name from European Badminton Union, to Badminton Europe.
Marquess of Comillas
Marquess of Comillas (Spanish: Marqués de Comillas) is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee. On 3 July 1878, the title Marquess of Comillas was granted to Antonio López y López by the King Alfonso XII, in recognition of his contribution to the town of Comillas in northern Spain. The title recalls the name of his hometown.

The first Marquess of Comillas built a gothic palace in Comillas in 1888. Its architect was Joan Martorell, renowned Catalan architect. The Palace of Sobrellano, as it is known, was the first building in Spain to make use of electrical lighting, patented by Thomas Edison a year before its construction.

The current marquesses of Comillas are also the Counts of Güell. The third marquess was also the 2nd Count of Güel and the 6th Count of Ruiseñada .

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
A Night in Venice (1934 German film)
A Night in Venice  (German: Eine Nacht in Venedig) is a 1934 German-Hungarian operetta film directed by Robert Wiene and starring Tino Pattiera, Tina Eilers and Ludwig Stössel. It is loosely based on the 1883 operetta Eine Nacht in Venedig by Johann Strauss II.

It was made at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest with three weeks of location shooting in Venice. In common with the practice of multi-language versions at the time, the film was also made in a separate Hungarian language version Egy éj Velencében based on the same screenplay. The Hunnia Studios specialised in such co-productions during the era. The two versions were shot simultaneously. The Hungarian version was co-directed by Wiene and Géza von Cziffra and used a separate cast of Hungarian actors.

The film appears to have been popular with Austrian and German audiences, although its critical reception was less enthusiastic.

Cinema of Hungary
Hungary has had a cinema industry since the beginning of the 20th century including Hungarians  within and beyond the country's borders. Directors include István Szabó, Béla Tarr, and Miklós Jancsó. Producer William Fox and Adolph Zukor, the founders of Fox Studios and Paramount Pictures respectively, and Alexander Korda, who played a leading role in the early period of British cinema had Hungarian roots. Examples of successful Hungarian films include Merry-go-round, Mephisto, Werckmeister Harmonies and Kontroll.
Edward S. Anthoine
Edward S. Anthoine (c. 1882 – October 29, 1942) was an American politician and lawyer from Maine. Anthoine, a Republican from Portland, served one term (1925–26) in the Maine Senate representing Cumberland County. In December 1927, Governor Owen Brewster appointed him to reporter of decisions of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court.

Maine Senate
44°18′26″N 69°46′54″W﻿ / ﻿44.307138°N 69.781586°W﻿ / 44.307138; -69.781586

The Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. The Senate currently consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, though the Maine Constitution allows for "an odd number of Senators, not less than 31 nor more than 35". Unlike the lower House, the Senate does not set aside nonvoting seats for Native tribes.  Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine Senate usually have outside employment as well.

The Senate meets at the Maine State House in Augusta. Members are limited to four consecutive terms with each term being two years but may run again after a two-year wait.
Hans Uhlmann
Hans Uhlmann (born 11 November 1933 in Bonau, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician from the Swiss People's Party (SVP). A professional farmer, he has left the national political scene in 1999 and now works only behind the scenes.

Ulhman served on the council (1964–1987), the Grand Council of Thurgau (1980–1984) and the National Council (1983–1987). On 18 October 1987 Ulhmann was elected to the Senate for the canton of Thurgau, where he remained until 1999.

He served as president of the canton of Thurgau (1985–1989), and then the President of the SVP, following the presidency of Adolf Ogi.

Ulhmann's declared aim as a national party president was to open it to new voters, and in particular former SP (Social Democratic Party) voters, who no longer felt represented by their party.

Uhlmann is married and has two children.

Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Special Zone of Xaisomboun
Xaisomboun (also Saysomboun, Lao: ໄຊສົມບູນ) was a special zone (khetphiset) of Laos, located in the north of the country, near the capital Vientiane. The special zone was created 1994 by the military, with area split off from the provinces Vientiane and Xiangkhoang, in order to control and suppress the postwar Hmong resistance. It was officially dissolved on January 13, 2006, although the term continues to be used.

Vientiane
Vientiane{{efn|/viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ vee-EN-tee-AHN; Lao: ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, pronounced [wíaŋ tɕàn] is the capital of Laos. Comprising the 5 urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture, the city is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the border with Thailand. Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 census.

Vientiane is the home of Pha That Luang, an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other Buddhist temples can be found there, such as Haw Phra Kaew, which formerly housed the Emerald Buddha.

The city is rated as 'suffiency' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
Pultenaea parviflora
Pultenaea parviflora, commonly known as Sydney bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is usually a small, erect shrub with wedge-shaped to narrow egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and clusters of yellow to orange and red flowers.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
1999 WPA World Nine-ball Championship
The 1999 WPA World Nine-ball Championship was a professional pool championship that took place in 1999 in Alicante, Spain. The event is not to be confused with Matchroom Sport's 1999 World Professional Pool Championship that took place earlier in the same year, won by Efren Reyes. Despite there being two world titles for the same discipline in 1999, both are considered as valid in 1999 by the World Pool-Billiard Association.

The event was won by Nick Varner, who defeated compatriot Jeremy Jones in the final 13–8. Defending champion Takahashi Kunihiko was defeated in the last 16 13–2 by Varner.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
Survival of the Witless
Survival of the Witless is a card game produced by Avalanche Press about tenure.  Released in 1997, the game was created due to Avalanche Press founder Mike Bennighof's anger at being fired from his teaching job at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) for winning a teaching award as an untenured professor.

Survival of the Witless was Avalanche Press' hottest-selling game, but as of 2007, it is out of print.

University of Alabama at Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a public research university in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1969 and part of the University of Alabama System, UAB has grown to be the state's largest employer, with more than 27,302 faculty and staff and over 53,000 jobs at the university. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

UAB offers 140 programs of study in 12 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees. In the fall of 2024, UAB enrolled 20,905 students from more than 110 countries. The UAB Health System, one of the largest academic medical centers in the United States, is affiliated with UAB.

The UAB athletic teams known as the Blazers compete in 18 varsity-level sports in the NCAA Division I - American Athletic Conference. Its official varsity colors are green and gold. The Blazers have won 11 conference championships to date.
Komalah (CPI)
The Komala Kurdistan's Organization of the Communist Party of Iran (Kurdish: کۆمەڵە ڕێکخراوی کوردستانی حیزبی کۆمۆنیستی ئێران) is an Iranian Kurdish communist party active throughout the Iran–Iraq border. The party is led by Ibrahim Alizade and works as the Kurdish branch of Communist Party of Iran.

In 2009, a group of the party's cadre who identified only as socialists, left the party and established Socialist Faction of Komala.

On 19 February 2026, one party member was killed and 2 were injured when their vehicle came under attack from an Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps drone.

Iran–Iraq border
The Iran–Iraq border runs for 1,599 km (994 mi) from the tripoint with Turkey in the north down to the Shatt al-Arab (known as Arvand Rud in Iran) waterway and out to the Persian Gulf in the south. Although the boundary was first determined in 1639, certain disputes continue, particularly surrounding navigation on the Shatt al-Arab.
Queensland Conservation Council
The Queensland Conservation Council (QCC) or Queensland Conservation is a non-governmental organisation that represents all the major conservation organisations of Queensland state in Australia. The organisation have been working to protect Queensland's unique natural environment since 1969. The organisation's office is currently located in West End, Brisbane.

West End, Queensland
West End is an inner southern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, West End had a population of 14,730 people.

The Aboriginal name for the area is Kurilpa, which means place of the water rat.
Aniyathipraavu (TV series)
Aniyathipraavu (transl. Younger Sister Dove) is an Indian Malayalam-language soap opera. The show aired from 25 April 2022 to 12 November 2023 on Surya TV and streams on-demand through Sun NXT. It stars Deva Prasad and Deepika Aradhya in lead roles along with R. Vishwa, Noobin Johny and Nazila Nazarudeen in pivotal roles. It is an official remake of Tamil soap opera Vanathai Pola.

Sun NXT
Sun NXT  is an Indian subscription video on demand over-the-top streaming service run by Sun TV Network. It was launched in June 2017 and has content in six languages - Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Marathi and Hindi. Sun NXT app is available for Android and iOS devices, Smart TVs and other devices.
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus; 16S rRNA analysis as well as phylogenomic analysis has placed P. fluorescens in the P. fluorescens group within the genus, to which it lends its name.

Phenazine
Phenazine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4)2N2. It is a dibenzo annulated pyrazine, and the parent substance of many dyestuffs, such as the toluylene red, indulines, and safranines (and the closely related eurhodines). Phenazine crystallizes in yellow needles, which are only sparingly soluble in alcohol. Sulfuric acid dissolves it, forming a deep-red solution.
Sharpsville, Pennsylvania
Sharpsville is a borough that is located in western Mercer County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Shenango River. The population was 4,253 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Hermitage micropolitan area.

WFMJ-TV
WFMJ-TV (channel 21) is a television station in Youngstown, Ohio, United States, affiliated with NBC and The CW. The station is locally owned by the Maag family. WFMJ-TV's studios are located on West Boardman Street in downtown Youngstown, and its transmitter is based in the city's Lansingville neighborhood.

From its inception until 2019, the station was owned by the Vindicator Printing Company, former publisher of Youngstown's lone newspaper, The Vindicator. On September 1, 2019; the Maags sold The Vindicator to Ogden Newspapers, which now operates it as an edition of the Tribune Chronicle in Warren. The Maags retained WFMJ-TV.
Craig Anderson (motocross)
Craig 'Ando' Anderson is an Australian professional motocross racer from West Wallsend in the Hunter Valley Region of New South Wales.

In 2003, Anderson travelled to the United States to compete in the AMA 125cc national championship for the Yamaha of Troy team, he finished the year in seventh place overall and collected one win at Southwick, Massachusetts. Anderson was fired from the team following the season despite having two years remaining on his contract. In 2004, he moved up to the 250cc AMA national championship where he finished in 17th place overall. Anderson realised his future lay back in Australia, so he returned specifically to ride for Honda in the 2005 and 2006 seasons. In 2006 Anderson won the Australian Motocross title for Honda making it his 12th championship.

American Motorcyclist Association
The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) is an American nonprofit organization of more than 200,000 motorcyclists that organizes numerous motorcycling activities and campaigns for motorcyclists' legal rights. Its mission statement is "to promote the motorcycling lifestyle and protect the future of motorcycling." The organization was founded in 1924 and, as of October 2016, had more than 1,100 chartered clubs.

It provides guidance and advice on running events and rallies for clubs and promoters and allows affiliated members to vote on AMA matters. It also has a corporate membership category with representatives from the US motorcycle industry.

The AMA is the official national federation representative (FMN) for the United States of America in the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and organizes US teams and riders for FIM-sanctioned events, including the International Six Day Enduro, Motocross Des Nations, and Trials Des Nations.
1871 Paris Commune elections
The Paris Commune of 1871 was established on March 26, 1871, following elections held by the Central Committee of the National Guard. This revolutionary government was inspired by the earlier Paris Commune of 1792 and realized the aspirations of the social movement. The Commune saw the formation of an assembly representing all republican factions of the era, though the more moderate members soon left, leaving control to the more radical elements who drew upon Jacobinism, Blanquism, socialism, and anarchism. The elected members served on the Commune Council.

Anarchism in France
Anarchism in France can trace its roots to thinker Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who grew up during the Restoration and was the first self-described anarchist. French anarchists fought in the Spanish Civil War as volunteers in the International Brigades. According to journalist Brian Doherty, "The number of people who subscribed to the anarchist movement's many publications was in the tens of thousands in France alone."
Ratanlal Brahmin
Ratanlal Brahmin (1900–1989) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Darjeeling, West Bengal as a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was earlier a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly as a member of the undivided Communist Party of India.

Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency
Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India. The constituency centres on Darjeeling in West Bengal. While five assembly segments are in Darjeeling district, one assembly segment is in Kalimpong district and one assembly segment is in Uttar Dinajpur district.
Christian Okoye
Christian Emeka OkoyeListenⓘ (/oʊˈkɔɪeɪ/; born August 16, 1961) is a Nigerian–American former professional football fullback who played for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL) from 1987 to 1992. Nicknamed "the Nigerian Nightmare", he was known for his powerful running style and ability to break tackles. His six-season NFL career produced an NFL rushing champion title in 1989, first-team All-Pro honors in 1989, second-team All-Pro honors in 1991, two Pro Bowl appearances in 1989 and 1991, and three playoff appearances. He ended his NFL career due to multiple injuries.

He was inducted into the Kansas City Chiefs Hall of Fame in 2000. He is also notable for not having ever played football until the age of 23, but later leading the NFL in rushing at age 28.

All-Pro
All-Pro is an honor bestowed upon professional American football players that designates the best player at each position during a given season. All-Pro players are typically selected by press organizations, who select an "All-Pro team," a list that consists of at least 22 players, one for each offensive and defensive position, plus various special teams players depending on the press organization that compiles the list. All-Pro lists are exclusively limited to the major leagues, usually only the National Football League; in the past, other leagues recognized as major, such as the American Football League of the 1960s or the All-America Football Conference of the 1940s, have been included in All-Pro lists.