hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spatial frequency
In mathematics, physics, and engineering, spatial frequency is a characteristic of any structure that is periodic across position in space. The spatial frequency is a measure of how often sinusoidal components (as determined by the Fourier transform) of the structure repeat per unit of distance.

The SI unit of spatial frequency is the reciprocal metre (m−1), although cycles per meter (c/m) is also common. In image-processing applications, spatial frequency is often expressed in units of cycles per millimeter (c/mm) or also line pairs per millimeter (LP/mm).

In wave propagation, the spatial frequency is also known as wavenumber. Ordinary wavenumber is defined as the reciprocal of wavelength  and is commonly denoted by  or sometimes :

Angular wavenumber , expressed in rad per metre (rad/m), is related to ordinary wavenumber and wavelength by

Periodic function
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves and other repeating phenomena, are periodic. Many aspects of the natural world have periodic behavior, such as the phases of the Moon, the swinging of a pendulum, and the beating of a heart.

The length of the interval over which a periodic function repeats is called its period. Any function that is not periodic is called aperiodic.
Boussac, Creuse
Boussac (French pronunciation: [busak]; Occitan: Boçac) is a commune in the Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in central France. The famous Lady and the Unicorn Tapestries (c. 1500) were discovered in 1841 in Boussac castle. In 1844 the novelist George Sand saw them and brought public attention to the tapestries in her works at the time (most notably in her novel Jeanne), in which she correctly dated them to the end of the fifteenth century, using the ladies' costumes for reference. In 1863 they were bought by the Musée de Cluny in Paris where they are still on display.

George Sand
Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil (French: [amɑ̃tin lysil oʁɔʁ dypɛ̃]; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (French: [ʒɔʁʒ(ə) sɑ̃d]), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist. Being more renowned than either Victor Hugo or Honoré de Balzac in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s, Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era. She has more than 50 volumes of various works to her credit, including tales, plays and political texts, alongside her 70 novels.

Like her great-grandmother, Louise Dupin, whom she admired, George Sand advocated for women's rights and passion, criticized the institution of marriage, and fought against the prejudices of a conservative society. She was considered scandalous because of her turbulent love life, her adoption of masculine clothing, and her masculine pseudonym.
Toma N. Socolescu
Toma N. Socolescu (Ploiești, 1848 - Ploiești, November 22, 1897) was an important Romanian Neoclassical architect of the mid-to-late 19th century. He was the first Romanian-trained architect in Prahova County and played a major role in the town planning of Ploiești. He built numerous public works in his Județ of Prahova, while also having the distinction of having practised as a building contractor. He executed his own plans as well as those of other architects.

Cornești, Dâmbovița
Cornești is a commune in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania with a population of 6,249 people as of 2021. It is composed of ten villages: Bujoreanca, Cătunu, Cornești, Cristeasca, Crivățu, Frasinu, Hodărăști, Ibrianu, Postârnacu, and Ungureni.
John Basset (writer)
John Basset (17 November 1791 – 4 July 1843) was a writer on Cornish mining. He was deeply interested in Cornish mining, mining technology and economics.

Born at Illogan in Cornwall, he published an article in 1840 drawing attention to the devices called "Man Engines" for mechanically raising and lowering mine workers up and down the mine-shaft, replacing many yards of ladders. These devices were known to operate in the Harz Mountains in Germany. The Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society (which had published the paper), offered a prize for a version suitable for use in Cornish mines, which was won by Michael Loam.

Basset was High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1837, and MP for Helston in 1840–41.

He died at Boppard am Rhein, Germany, on 4 July 1843 aged 51.

Man engine
A man engine is a mechanism of reciprocating ladders and stationary platforms installed in mines to assist the miners' journeys to and from the working levels. It was invented in Germany in the 19th century and was a prominent feature of tin and copper mines in Cornwall until the beginning of the twentieth century.
2023–24 Slovak Cup
The 2023–24 Slovak Cup was the 55th season of the annual Slovak football cup competition. It was sponsored by Slovnaft and known as the Slovnaft Cup for sponsorship purposes. The winners qualified for the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round. Slovak First Football League team Spartak Trnava were the defending champions, having defeated rivals Slovan Bratislava in the previous season's final for their second consecutive title and eighth title overall.

Ružomberok won the cup on 1 May 2024, defeating Spartak Trnava 1–0 in the final.

2023 Slovak Cup final
The 2023 Slovak Cup final (known as the Slovnaft Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the final match of the 2022–23 Slovak Cup, the 54th season of the top cup competition in Slovak football. It was played at the Anton Malatinský Stadium in Trnava, Slovakia, on 1 May 2023.

It was contested by the defending champions Spartak Trnava and Slovan Bratislava. Interestingly, these teams also met in the 2022 final, and then Slovan Bratislava played at their home stadium. In total, it was the sixth final since the competition was established, in which the fierce rivals met. Trnava won the match 3–1 after extra time, after the game finished 1–1 in 90 minutes.
Hipping
Hipping is a 23-hectare-sized (57-acre) vineyard of the Roter Hang, 'red slope' in the municipality Nierstein in Germany. Located at the Rhenish Hessian Rhineterrace (Rhineland-Palatinate), wines of this vineyard can be marketed as Großes Gewächs, 'big growth' or Erste Lage, 'first position', provided that other quality characteristics are fulfilled.

Rhenish Hesse
Rhenish Hesse or Rhine Hesse (German: Rheinhessen, pronounced [ʁaɪnˈhɛsn̩]) is a region and a former government district (Regierungsbezirk) in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is made up of territories west of the Upper Rhine river that were part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor in the Weimar Republic, the People's State of Hesse from 1816 to 1945. The hilly countryside is largely devoted to vineyards, comprising the Rheinhessen wine region.
Kodacolor (filmmaking)
In motion pictures, Kodak's Kodacolor brand was originally associated with an early lenticular (additive color) color motion picture process, first introduced in 1928 for 16mm film.  The process was based on the Keller-Dorian system of color photography.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
Kimberly L. Foster
Kimberly L. Foster (née Passerello, formerly Kimberly L. Turner) is an American mechanical engineer specializing in microelectromechanical systems including stick-slip phenomena, biomimetic adhesives, parametric oscillators, and microsensors. She is dean of science and engineering at Tulane University, where she is also a professor of physics and engineering physics and (by courtesy) of biomedical engineering.

Stick–slip phenomenon
The stick–slip phenomenon, also known as the slip–stick phenomenon or simply stick–slip, is a type of motion exhibited by objects in contact sliding over one another.  The motion of these objects is usually not perfectly smooth, but rather irregular, with brief accelerations (slips) interrupted by stops (sticks). Stick–slip motion is normally connected to friction, and may generate vibration (noise) or be associated with mechanical wear of the moving objects, and is thus often undesirable in mechanical devices. On the other hand, stick–slip motion can be useful in some situations, such as the movement of a bow across a string to create musical tones in a bowed string instrument.
Tabory, Poland
Tabory [taˈbɔrɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Sztum County
Sztum County (Polish: powiat sztumski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sztum, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Dzierzgoń, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Sztum.

The county was created, as a result of local pressure, in 2002. The area had been part of Malbork County.

The county covers an area of 730.85 square kilometres (282.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,476, out of which the population of Sztum is 9,940, that of Dzierzgoń is 5,364, and the rural population is 26,172.

Sztum County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Sztum County is bordered by Malbork County to the north, Elbląg County to the north-east, Ostróda County to the east, Iława County to the south-east, Kwidzyn County to the south and Tczew County to the west.
Politics of Macau
Politics of Macau takes place in the framework of a multi-party presidential system dominated by the People's Republic of China. It includes the legislature, the judiciary, the government, and a politically constrained multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government, led by the Chief Executive.

Government of Macau
The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region, commonly known as the Macao Government, is the executive authorities of Macau. Formed on 20 December 1999 in accordance with the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration, it is headed by secretariats or commissioners and report directly to the chief executive. The affairs of the government are decided by secretaries, who are appointed by the chief executive and endorsed by the State Council of the Central People's Government in Beijing. As a special administrative region of China, Macau has a high degree of autonomy, in light of the "One Country, Two Systems" policy. The Macau Government, financially independent from the Central People's Government, oversees the affairs of Macau.
Saybrook University
Saybrook University is a private university in Pasadena, California, United States.  It was founded in 1971 by Eleanor Camp Criswell and others. It offers postgraduate education with a focus on humanistic psychology. It features low residency, master's, and doctoral degrees and professional certification programs. The university is accredited by the WASC Senior Colleges and University Commission. The university is classified an exclusively graduate institution with programs that are "Research Doctoral: Humanities/social sciences-dominant". As of Fall of 2017 the university had 785 students enrolled. The university reported 222 full-time and part-time academic faculty in 2017.

Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education
The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, or simply the Carnegie Classification, is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. It was created in 1970 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. It is managed by the American Council on Education.

The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is often important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The classification generally focuses on types of degrees awarded and related level of activity such as research. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
Kushanshahr
Kushanshahr was a province of the Sasanian Empire comprising the region between Kabul Valley and Peshawar Valley. The Kushanshar territory centered on Tukharistan, and covered the area from Tirmidh to Peshawar. The establishment of Sasanian rule in Kushanshar permitted the control of Central Asian trade routes. The Kushano-Sasanids were in charge of the area. They issued coinage which was following the Kushan standard, due to the traditional importance of trade links with India.

Kushanshahr was a pendant to Eranshahr to the West, which was the cradle of the Sasanian Empire.

Sasanian rule ended in Kushanshahr when the area was overrun by the Kidarites and then the Hephthalites.
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Termez
Termez (/tɜːrˈmɛz/ tər-MEZ) is the capital of Surxondaryo Region in southern Uzbekistan. Administratively, it is a district-level city. Its population is 182,800 (2021). It is notable as the site of Alexander the Great's city Alexandria on the Oxus, as a center of early Buddhism, as a site of Muslim pilgrimage, and as a base of Soviet Union military operations in Afghanistan, accessible via the nearby Hairatan border crossing.
Strathmore Group
The Strathmore Group is a Devonian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of  rock strata) in central Scotland. Its sandstones are interbedded with siltstones which interfinger with conglomerates. It is encountered from Arran in the west across the Midland Valley to Stonehaven in the east. The name is derived from Strathmore, Angus where this sequence occupies the axis of the Strathmore Syncline which runs for many tens of miles parallel to and south of the Highland Boundary Fault. The rocks of the Strathmore Group have also previously been referred to as the Strathmore Beds.

Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (pl.: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum.
Fucked Up Inside
Fucked Up Inside is a 1993 live album by the British space rock band Spiritualized. It was originally available only via mail order, and the name comes from the song "Medication". Image by British Photographer Andrew Penketh

Space rock
Space rock is a music genre characterized by loose and lengthy song structures centered on instrumental textures that typically produce a hypnotic, otherworldly sound. It may feature distorted and reverberation-laden guitars, minimal drumming, languid vocals, synthesizers, and lyrical themes of outer space and science fiction.

The genre emerged in late 1960s psychedelia and progressive rock bands such as Pink Floyd, Hawkwind, and Gong who explored a "cosmic" sound. Similar sounds were pursued in the early 1970s' West German kosmische Musik ("cosmic music") scene. By the 1980s and 1990s, the "drone-heavy" sound of Spacemen 3, spearheaded a revival of the genre which later influenced shoegaze and post-rock.
Atanua
Atanua (or Atanea) in Polynesian mythology (specifically: the Marquesas Islands) is the goddess of the dawn and wife of Atea (Atea and Atanua emerged from Tanaoa, Atea first, who then made space for Atanua).

Their son is the first man, Tu-Mea. She created the seas after having a miscarriage and filling the oceans with her amniotic fluid.

Tangaroa
Tangaroa (Māori; Takaroa in the South Island dialect; cognate with Tagaloa in Sāmoan) is the great atua of the sea, lakes, rivers, and creatures that live within them, especially fish, in Māori mythology. As Tangaroa-whakamau-tai, he exercises control over the tides. He is sometimes depicted as a whale.

In some of the Cook Islands, he has similar roles, though in Manihiki, he is the fire deity that Māui steals from, which in Māori mythology is instead Mahuika, a goddess of fire.
Bann drainage
The Lower River Bann flows from Lough Neagh, the largest freshwater lake in the British Isles, for 60 km (35 miles), to the Barmouth between Castlerock and Portstewart, where it discharges into the sea.  From the end of the last ice age, Lough Neagh has flowed along this natural valley, but a couple of constrictions controlled the flow and led to large fluctuations in the water level along the shoreline, disrupting farming activities on a large scale.
The drainage and navigation system has been significantly modified twice in the last couple of centuries to increase the reliability of farmland.

Castlerock
Castlerock is a seaside village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is five miles west of Coleraine, and part of Causeway Coast and Glens district. It is very popular with summer tourists, with numerous apartment blocks and two caravan sites. Castlerock Golf Club has both 9-hole and 18-hole links courses bounded by the beach, the River Bann and the Belfast to Derry railway line. The village had a population of 1,155 people at the 2021 census, and is where near by village Articlave F.C play their home games.
Hanging and Marriage
Hanging and Marriage is a 1722 farce by the British writer Henry Carey. Written as an afterpiece it premiered at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre accompanying a revival of Dryden's The Spanish Friar.

The original cast included William Bullock as Goodman Gizzard, James Spiller as Richard Stubble, John Egleton as Jerry and Jane Egleton as Mother Stubble.

John Dryden
John Dryden (/ˈdraɪdən/; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate.

He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Romantic writer Sir Walter Scott called him "Glorious John".
Serranía de Majé
Serranía de Majé is a mountain range located in Panama which extends from Panama Province to the zone that borders Darién Province. It lies 100 km east of Panama City. It is formerly known as the Serranía de Cañazas. It is bounded on the west and north by Chepo River lowlands, on the east by the Chucunaque River lowlands, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. The highest point in the Cerro Chucantí (1,489 m).

Darién Province
Darién (UK: /ˈdɛəriən, ˈdær-/, US: /ˌdɛəriˈɛn, ˌdɑːr-, dɑːrˈjɛn/; Spanish: [daˈɾjen]) is a province in Panama whose capital city is La Palma. With an area of 11,896.5 km2 (4,593.3 sq mi), it is located at the eastern end of the country and bordered to the north by the province of Panamá and the region of Kuna Yala. To the south, it is bordered by the Pacific Ocean and Colombia. To the east, it borders Colombia; to the west, it borders the Pacific Ocean and the province of Panama.

The area surrounding the border with Colombia is known as the Darién Gap, a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest. With no roads, it is the missing link of the Pan-American Highway.
Jocelyn Guevremont
Jocelyn Marcel Guèvremont (born March 1, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played nine seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Vancouver Canucks, Buffalo Sabres, and New York Rangers. from 1971 to 1980. With the Sabres he played in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals.

He began his career as a distinguished junior ice hockey player with the Montreal Junior Canadiens, named to the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) Second and First All-Star Teams in consecutive years and was awarded the Max Kaminsky Trophy in 1971 as the most outstanding defenceman in the OHA. He also won the 1969 and 1970 Memorial Cup. Drafted in the first round, third overall by Vancouver in the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft, Guèvremont was traded to Buffalo in 1974, and then to New York in 1979. After his playing career he served as a coach in the junior level, spending time in both the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League and Ontario Hockey League.

1971 NHL amateur draft
The 1971 NHL amateur draft was the ninth NHL entry draft. It was held on June 10, 1971, at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Quebec.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Larry Robinson, who retired after the 1991–92 season.
Championnat National du Futsal D1
Moroccan Futsal Championship (Arabic: بطولة مغربية لكرة الصالة) is the premier futsal league in Morocco. The competition is run by the Championnat National du Futsal D1 under the auspices of the Royal Moroccan Football Federation.

Royal Moroccan Football Federation
The Royal Moroccan Football Federation (abbr. FRMF; Arabic: الجامعة الملكية المغربية لكرة القدم; French: Fédération Royale Marocaine de Football) is the governing body for association football in Morocco. Founded in 1957, one year after Morocco regained independence, it joined FIFA in 1960 and became a member of CAF the same year. The federation administers the national football league system and oversees its top division, the Botola Pro. It is also responsible for the Morocco national football teams across all age categories and disciplines. The FRMF is headquartered in Rabat and is a member of the UAFA and the UNAF.
Kieler Nachrichten
The Kieler Nachrichten (literally "Kiel's News") or KN  is the only German-language newspaper published in Kiel, Germany. It is published by "Kieler Zeitung Verlags und Druckerei KG-GmbH & Co.", a subdivision of Axel Springer AG which owns 24.5 percent of the company.  The newspaper's office is located at Asmus-Bremer-Platz between Holstenstraße and the Kiel city hall.

The KN was first published on 3 April 1946, with the permission of the British in occupied Germany after World War II. The newspaper later considered itself a successor to the Kieler Zeitung (founded 1864) and the Kieler Neueste Nachrichten (founded 1894).

In Rötger Feldmann's comic Werner,  the KN is known as the Kieler Nachtwächter ("Kiel's Night Watchman").

Rötger Feldmann
Rötger Werner Friedrich Wilhelm Feldmann (born 17 March 1950 in Travemünde), a.k.a. Brösel (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁøːzl̩]), is a German comic book artist.

He is most famous for creating the character Werner.