hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spartan constitution
The Spartan Constitution (or Spartan politeia) is the government and laws of the classical Greek city-state of Sparta. All classical Greek city-states had a politeia; the politeia of Sparta however, was noted by many classical authors for its unique features, which supported a rigidly layered social system and a strong hoplite army.

The Spartans had no historical records, literature, or written laws, which were, according to tradition, prohibited. Attributed to the mythical figure of Lycurgus, the legendary law-giver, the Spartan system of government is known mostly from the Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, a treatise attributed to the ancient Greek historian Xenophon, describing the institutions, customs, and practices of the ancient Spartans.

Syssitia
The syssitia (Ancient Greek: συσσίτια syssítia, plural of συσσίτιον syssítion) were, in ancient Greece, common meals for men and youths in social or religious groups, especially in Crete and Sparta, but also in Megara in the time of Theognis of Megara (sixth century BCE) and Corinth in the time of Periander (seventh century BCE).

The banquets spoken of by Homer relate to the tradition. Some reference to similar meals can be found in Carthage and according to Aristotle (Politics VII. 9), it prevailed still earlier amongst the Oenotrians of Calabria. The syssitia in the Carthginian constitution may have been called in the Phoenician origin "marzēaḥ".

The origin of the syssítia is attributed to Rhadamanthus, the legendary lawgiver of Knossos of Crete. This is explained by Cleinias of Crete in conversation with an Athenian and a Spartan, in Plato's dialogue the Laws.  Lycurgus of Sparta certainly made use of the practice in Sparta.
2023 Bellinzona Ladies Open
The 2023 Bellinzona Ladies Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Bellinzona, Switzerland, between 17 and 23 April 2023.

Conny Perrin
Conny Perrin (born 25 December 1990) is a Swiss tennis player.
On 22 October 2018, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 134, and on 7 October 2024, she peaked at No. 99 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Perrin owns one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour - the 2023 Copa LP Chile. She has also won 13 singles and 28 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Thelma D. Sullivan
Thelma Dorfman Sullivan (18 August 1918—11 August 1981) was an American paleographer, linguist and translator, regarded as one of the foremost scholars in the 20th century of the Classical Nahuatl language. Significant works include a compendium of Nahuatl grammar (1976), noted as the most comprehensive treatment of its day, and her translation of Bernardino de Sahagún's 16th-century text known as the Primeros Memoriales, completed by colleagues after her death.

Classical Nahuatl grammar
The grammar of Classical Nahuatl is agglutinative, head-marking, and makes extensive use of compounding, noun incorporation and derivation. That is, it can add many different prefixes and suffixes to a root until very long words are formed. Very long verbal forms or nouns created by incorporation, and accumulation of prefixes are common in literary works. New words can thus be easily created.
2019 Tarlac local elections
The Province of Tarlac held its local elections on Monday, May 13, 2019, as a part of the 2019 Philippine general election.  Voters selected candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice-governor, governor and representatives for the three districts of Tarlac. In the gubernatorial race, Tarlac's incumbent Governor Susan Yap ran unopposed for Governor while incumbent Vice-Governor Carlito David defeated former Vice-Governor Pearl Pacada in a rematch of the 2016 elections.

Pura, Tarlac
Pura, officially the Municipality of Pura (Pangasinan: Baley na Pura; Ilocano: Ili ti Pura; Tagalog: Bayan ng Pura), is a municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 27,017 people.
Callium
Callium or Kallion (Ancient Greek: Κάλλιον), or Callipolis or Kallipolis (Καλλίπολις), was the chief town of the Callienses (οἱ Καλλιῆς), situated on the eastern confines of ancient Aetolia, on one of the heights of Mount Oeta, and on the road from the valley of the Spercheus to Aetolia. It was by this road that the Gauls marched into Aetolia in 279 BCE, when they surprised and destroyed Callium, and committed the most horrible atrocities on the inhabitants. Callium also lay on the road from Pyra (the summit of Oeta, where Heracles was supposed to have burnt himself) to Naupactus, and it was divided by Mount Corax from lower Aetolia.

Its site is located near the modern Veloukhovos, at the site called "Steno", where the castle of Velouhovo was later built.

Heracles
Heracles (/ˈhɛrəkliːz/ ⓘ Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλῆς, lit. 'glory/fame of Hera'), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon. He was a descendant of Perseus, another son of Zeus.

He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, the ancestor of royal clans known as Heracleidae (Ἡρακλεῖδαι), and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well.
1932 Palestine Cup
The 1932 Palestine Cup (Hebrew: הגביע הארץ-ישראלי, HaGavia HaEretz-Israeli) was the fourth season of the Palestine Football Association's nationwide football cup competition. The defending holders were Maccabi Tel Aviv (B).

For the first time in 5 years, and the first time since the founding of the Eretz Israel Football Association, a British team, British Police, won the cup, completing a double, as the team also won the league.

In the final, held in Petah Tikva, British Police met Hapoel Haifa. The match was abandoned at the 38th minute, with the score at 1–0 to Hapoel Haifa, and was awarded to the Policemen.

Israel State Cup
The Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina), is a knockout cup competition in Israeli football, run by the Israel Football Association (IFA).

The State Cup was first held in 1928 as the People's Cup. Because it involves clubs of all standards playing against each other, there is the possibility for "minnows" from the lower divisions to become "giant-killers" by eliminating top clubs from the tournament, although lower division teams rarely reach the final.

The last below the top-flight club to make the final was Maccabi Netanya in 2014, they have since been promoted to the Israeli Premier League.

Hapoel Be'er Sheva are the current Israel State Cup holders, having beaten Beitar Jerusalem 2–0 in the final for their fourth title.

Maccabi Tel Aviv have 24 titles, holding the record for most titles won. Hapoel Tel Aviv in 1937–1939 and 2010–2012 are the only club to have retained the State Cup for three consecutive seasons.
ACG Strathallan
ACG Strathallan is an independent co-educational school located on the Hingaia Peninsula in Karaka, New Zealand, close to the Auckland Southern Motorway. It is part of ACG Education (formerly known as Academic Colleges Group) whose New Zealand schools are members of Independent Schools of New Zealand (ISNZ).

The campus opened in February 2001. Its facility provides education through the ACG Strathallan Preschool Centre (for children aged three months to five years), ACG Strathallan School for Years 1 to 6, and ACG Strathallan College for Years 7 to 13 offering the University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). The school is a member of the Association of Cambridge Schools in New Zealand and is also a registered Cambridge International Fellowship Centre.

The school is currently owned and operated by Inspired Education Group, an international provider of for-profit schools.

Inspired Education Group
Inspired Education Group is a co-educational, non-denominational, international provider of for-profit private schools. It was founded in 2013 by Lebanese-British businessman Nadim Nsouli and is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. The group offers education for children aged 1 to 18 years and currently serves approximately 95,000 students worldwide across 125 schools in 30 countries.
Karayılan, Hatay
Karayılan (literally "black snake") is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of İskenderun, Hatay Province, Turkey. Its population is 9,074 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

2013 Turkish local government reorganisation
Municipalities (Turkish: belediyeler)  are the basic units of local government in Turkey.  According to the Turkish Statistical Institute the population of Turkey was 76,667,864 as of 31 December 2013. The majority of the population live in settlements with municipalities.  The number of municipalities in Turkey was 2,947 in 2009.  But in 2013, most of the small town (Turkish: belde) municipalities were merged to district (Turkish: ilçe) municipalities by the Act 6360 which came into effect at the 2014 local elections sharply decreased the number of municipalities to 1,394.
Special (Jimmy Cliff album)
Special is an album by the Jamaican musician Jimmy Cliff, released in 1982. It was his first album for Columbia Records. Cliff supported the album with a North American tour coheadlined by Peter Tosh. He was disappointed with the commercial response to the album, claiming repeatedly that the tour would be his last. Special peaked at No. 186 on the Billboard 200. "Treat the Youths Right" was a significant hit in Jamaica.

Peter Tosh
Winston Hubert McIntosh OM GCOT (19 October  1944 – 11 September 1987), known professionally as Peter Tosh, was a Jamaican musician and reggae singer. Along with Bob Marley and Bunny Wailer, he was one of the core members of the band the Wailers (1963–1976), after which he established himself as a successful solo artist and a promoter of Rastafari. He was murdered in 1987 during a home invasion.
Samantha Ceroni
Samantha Ceroni  (born 26 February 1973 in Ponte San Pietro) is an Italian former footballer who played as a midfielder for the Italy women's national football team. She was part of the team at the UEFA Women's Euro 2001. On club level she played for Ruco Line Lazio in Italy.

Ponte San Pietro
Ponte San Pietro (Bergamasque: Pùt San Piero) is a comune in the province of Bergamo, Lombardy, northern Italy.  It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Milan and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Bergamo.

Sights include the Villa Mapelli Mozzi.
Preslav Borissov
Preslav Borissov (Bulgarian: Преслав Борисов) (born 7 March 1977 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the GERB between 2013 and 2014. He took the seat of Iliana Ivanova on 1 January 2013 after she resigned to join the European Court of Auditors.

GERB
GERB (ГЕРБ), an acronym for Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Граждани за европейско развитие на България, romanized: Grazhdani za evropeysko razvitie na Bŭlgaria), is a conservative center-right populist political party which was the ruling party of Bulgaria during the periods between 2009–2013, 2016–2021, 2025–present and was supporting the Denkov government between 2023–2024.
2024 Liga 1 (Indonesia) finals
The 2024 Liga 1 finals was the finals of the 2023–24 Liga 1, the 27th season of the Indonesian top flight league since the merger of Perserikatan and Galatama in 1994, and the seventh season under the name of Liga 1. It was the first season since the 2014 Indonesia Super League to hold a final match following the usage of a championship series format.

Persib Bandung won the finals against Madura United by 6–1 on aggregate after a two-legged home-and-away matches.

The first leg of the finals took place in Persib's homebase, Si Jalak Harupat Stadium on 26 May 2024, ending with Persib's victory of 3–0. Meanwhile, the second leg was held on 31 May 2024 in Gelora Bangkalan Stadium, the homebase of Madura United, in which Madura suffered a 1–3 loss.

As the winners, Persib Bandung will earn the right to enter the 2024–25 AFC Champions League 2 from the group stage, while the runner-up, Madura United, will enter the group stage of the 2024–25 AFC Challenge League.

Madura United F.C.
Madura United Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club. The club is based in Pamekasan, Madura, East Java. They currently play in the Super League.

The current form of the club was established on 10 January 2016; the team's lineage began as Pelita Jaya in 1986, under which it won three Galatama titles in 1988-89, 1990, and 1993-94 before changing names, homebases, and ownership several times.
Niuean
Niuean pertains to anything of, from or related to Niue, an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean.

A person from Niue, or of Niuean descent. (See Demographics of Niue)

The Niuean language

Niuean cuisine

Niuean cuisine
Niue is an island in the Southern Pacific, mostly inhabited by Polynesians. The plantations are mostly filled with manioc, taro and breadfruit, but banana trees can be found. The wide range of exotic plants in Niue includes taros, pawpaw, coconuts, bananas, yams, cassavas and breadfruits: All are intensively used in the local cuisine.

The most significant ingredient when discussing the Niue's recipes are the fish and the vegetables. The staple ingredient is fish. Fish is consumed roasted, grilled, raw, and in soups or stews. There is a wide spectrum of edible and enjoyable fish species: tuna (ahi), dolphinfish (mahi mahi), parrot fish (pakati), barracuda (ono), coconut crabs and crayfish. In less populated areas, people prefer to eat vegetable meals, like taro roots or manioc.
The Birdman (song)
"The Birdman" is Our Lady Peace's debut single, and the lead single of their debut album Naveed. Because of the Naveed cover, Saul Fox is best known for being the Birdman. The chorus of the song originates from an early demo that the band cut in 1992 called "Nobody's Wrong" with a completely different meaning.

Naveed (album)
Naveed is the debut studio album by Canadian rock band Our Lady Peace.  It was produced by Arnold Lanni, and was released on March 22, 1994, by Sony Music Canada. Naveed became a success in Canada, being certified 4× Platinum in the country. There were five singles released for the album, including "The Birdman",  "Starseed" and "Naveed".   This is the only album to feature bass player Chris Eacrett, who was replaced by Duncan Coutts in 1995.
Indianópolis
Indianópolis is a Brazilian municipality located in the west of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 6,951 living in a total area of 834 km2 (322 sq mi). The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba and to the statistical microregion of Uberlândia.  It became a municipality in 1938.

Mesoregions of Brazil
A mesoregion (Portuguese: Mesorregião) was a subdivision of the Brazilian states, grouping together various municipalities in proximity and with common characteristics. They were abolished in 2017 and replaced by intermediate and immediate geographic regions. The mesoregions were created by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for statistical purposes and did not, therefore, constitute political or administrative areas. They were further divided into microregions.
District Council of Ridley-Truro
The District Council of Ridley-Truro was a local government area in South Australia from 1991 to 1997.

It commenced on 1 October 1991 following the amalgamation of the District Council of Ridley and the District Council of Truro. It comprised the whole of the cadastral Hundreds of Angas, Anna, Bagot, Forster, Fisher, Jellicoe, Nildottie, Ridley, Skurray, and parts of the Hundreds of Dutton and Bowhill. It had sixteen councillors at its inception, with two councillors representing each of the eight wards of the former municipalities.  The council's seat was located in the town of Cambrai.

In 1996, the council was investigated by anti-corruption police after a ratepayers' meeting passed a vote of no-confidence in them.

It ceased to exist on 1 July 1997, when it amalgamated with the District Council of Mannum, the District Council of Morgan and part of the District Council of Mount Pleasant to form the Mid Murray Council.

County of Sturt
The County of Sturt is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. It was proclaimed by Governor George Grey in 1842 and named for early Australian explorer, Charles Sturt. It stretches from the Bremer River and eastern slopes of the Adelaide Hills at Nairne and Tungkillo to the Murray River in the east and in the south, the portion of Lake Alexandrina north of a line from Point Sturt to Pomanda Island. This includes the west-of-river parts of the contemporary local government areas of the Mid Murray Council and Murray Bridge City.
The Geistkreis
The Geistkreis ("Mind Circle") was an informal Viennese seminar of science and ideas founded by Friedrich Hayek and Herbert Furth in the early 1920s, whose members included sociologist Alfred Schutz, philosopher  Felix Kaufmann, economists Fritz Machlup, Gottfried Haberler and Oskar Morgenstern, political scientist Eric Voegelin, Friedrich Engel-Janosi, Franz Glück, mathematician Karl Menger, art historians Otto Benesch and Johannes Wilde, among others.

The members of the circle presented papers on mathematics, the natural science, sociology, history, philosophy, art, literature, neuroscience, economics, among other intellectual topics.  The members met once or twice a month to discuss technical and theoretical subjects from across the world of ideas. The circle was first formed in 1921 and continued to meet in one form or another until 1938.  Over the course of that period 25 individuals participated in the circle.

Eric Voegelin
Eric Voegelin (born Erich Hermann Wilhelm Vögelin, German: [ˈføːgəliːn]; January 3, 1901 – January 19, 1985) was a German-American political philosopher. He was born in Cologne, and educated in political science at the University of Vienna, where he became an associate professor of political science in the law faculty. In 1938, he and his wife fled from the Nazi forces which had entered Vienna. They emigrated to the United States, where they became citizens in 1944. He spent most of his academic career at Louisiana State University, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Hoover Institution of Stanford University.
Gerbo (woreda)
Gerbo is a woreda in Somali Region, Ethiopia, named after its major town, Gerbo. Part of the Nogob Zone (formerly the Fiq Zone), Gerbo is bounded on the northwest by Segeg, on the north by the Degehabur Zone, on the East by the Korahe Zone, on the south by the Gode Zone, and on the West by Dihun.

In January 2007, the Ogaden National Liberation Front struck in this woreda, killing five local officials who refused to hand over heavy weapons to the rebels.

Somali Region
The Somali Region (Somali: Dawlad Deegaanka Soomaalida, Amharic: ሱማሌ ክልል, romanized: Sumalē Kilil, Arabic: المنطقة الصومالية), also known as Soomaali Galbeed (lit. 'Western Somalia') and officially the Somali Regional State, is a regional state in eastern Ethiopia. It is the second largest region of Ethiopia in terms of area. The state borders the Ethiopian regions of Afar and Oromia to the west, as well as Djibouti to the north, Somaliland to the northeast, Somalia to the east and south; and Kenya to the southwest. Jijiga is the capital of the state.

The Somali regional government is composed of the executive branch, led by the President; the legislative branch, which comprises the State Council; and the judicial branch, which is led by the State Supreme Court.
1972 in Bangladesh
1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1972nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 972nd  year of the 2nd millennium, the 72nd  year of the 20th century, and the  3rd   year of the 1970s decade.

The year 1972 was the first year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the first year of the first post-independence government in Bangladesh.

Mohun Bagan AC
Mohun Bagan Athletic Club is an Indian professional multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal. Founded in 1889, it is one of the oldest multi-sports clubs in Asia. The club has various sports departments like football, cricket, hockey, tennis, athletics and eSports.
Cobra Kai: The Karate Kid Saga Continues
Cobra Kai: The Karate Kid Saga Continues is a 2020 side-scrolling beat 'em-up game based on the American television series Cobra Kai, which in turn is based on the film franchise The Karate Kid. Developed by Flux Games and published by GameMill Entertainment in North America and Maximum Games in Europe, it was released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 27, 2020, and for Windows on January 5, 2021. The Nintendo Switch version was released in Europe on November 24, 2020. Ralph Macchio, William Zabka, Jacob Bertrand, and Gianni DeCenzo reprise their roles as Daniel LaRusso, Johnny Lawrence, Eli "Hawk" Moskowitz, and Demetri Alexopoulos respectively, while the rest of the other characters are voiced by different actors.

A sequel developed by Flux Games and published by GameMill Entertainment titled Cobra Kai 2: Dojos Rising was released on November 8, 2022 for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows via Steam, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.

Side-scrolling video game
A side-scrolling video game (alternatively side-scroller) is a video game viewed from a side-view camera angle where the screen follows the player as they move left or right. The jump from single-screen or flip-screen graphics to scrolling graphics during the golden age of arcade games was a pivotal leap in game design, comparable to the move to 3D graphics during the fifth generation.

Hardware support of smooth scrolling backgrounds is built into many arcade video games, some game consoles, and home computers. Examples include 8-bit systems like the Atari 8-bit computers and Nintendo Entertainment System, and 16-bit consoles, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. These 16-bit consoles added multiple layers, which can be scrolled independently for a parallax scrolling effect.
Journal of Mathematical Biology
Journal of Mathematical Biology is a peer-reviewed, mathematics journal,  published by Springer Verlag. Founded in 1974, the journal publishes articles on mathematical biology. In particular, papers published in this journal "should either provide biological insight as a result of mathematical analysis or identify and open up challenging new types of mathematical problems that derive from biological knowledge". It is the official journal of the European Society for Mathematical and Theoretical Biology. The editors-in-chief are Thomas Hillen, Anna Marciniak-Czochra, and Mark Lewis.

Its 2020 impact factor is 2.259.

Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, United States, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.

The company, formerly known as Gale Research and the Gale Group, is active in research and educational publishing for public, academic, and school libraries, and for businesses. The company is known for its full-text magazine and newspaper databases, Gale OneFile (formerly known as Infotrac), and other online databases subscribed by libraries, as well as multi-volume reference works, especially in the areas of religion, history, and social science.

Founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954 by Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr., the company was acquired by the International Thomson Organization (later the Thomson Corporation) in 1985 before its 2007 sale to Cengage.