hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St. George Lake
St. George Lake is the fourth largest lake in Waldo County, Maine, United States. It is in the township of Liberty, on the western side of Waldo County. Lake St. George State Park is on the northwest shore of the lake. It contains the island of Hawaii 2.

The lake is populated with at least 14 species of fish, including salmon, brook trout (stocked since 1980), and smallmouth bass.

Waldo County, Maine
Waldo County is a county in the state of Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,607.  Its county seat is Belfast. The county was founded on February 7, 1827, from a portion of Hancock County and named after Brigadier-General Samuel Waldo, proprietor of the Waldo Patent.
Eeva Therman
Eeva Maria Therman-Patau (1916–2004) was a Finnish-born American geneticist. She worked to characterize the effects and cytogenetics of trisomy 13 and trisomy 18, two rare and usually fatal genetic disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 13 and 18, respectively.
Her works include Human Chromosomes: Structure, Behavior, Effects, a textbook on cytogenetics which is in its 4th edition. Her research specialties included X-inactivation in mammals and chromosomal abnormalities in cancer.

She received her PhD from the University of Helsinki in 1947. She emigrated to the United States in 1958, and shortly thereafter began to work as a research assistant in Klaus Patau's laboratory in the Department of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Three years later, she married Patau. Due to university hiring rules, she was unable to become faculty until Patau's death in 1975. She retired in 1986, and returned to Finland in 2002.

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
Grandhi Srinivas
Grandhi Srinivas (10 June 1965) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is a two-time member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing Bhimavaram. He won the 2019 election representing YSR Congress Party.

Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Telugu: ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ శాసన సభ, ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh.

The Legislative Assembly consists of 175 members who are elected by adult universal suffrage under the first-past-the-post system. The duration of the Assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting unless it is decided to dissolve the Assembly sooner. The Legislative Assembly's main functions include legislation, overseeing of administration, passing the budget, and airing public grievances.

The Legislative Assembly holds three sessions annually, one for Budget and the other for Monsoon and Winter sessions.

The Legislative Assembly took up residence in the interim Legislative Assembly Building in Amaravati beginning from the 2017 Budget session. The new building has systems for automatic speech translation and automatic vote recording.
Sartin
Sartin is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Dan Sartin (born 1946), American footballer

David Sartin (born 1975), American football coach

Paul Sartin (1971–2022), English singer, instrumentalist etc.

David Sartin
David H. Sartin (born c. 1975) is an American college football coach. He is the offensive line coach for McDaniel College, a position he has held since 2024. He was the interim head football coach for McDaniel College in 2023. He also coached for Mount Union, Wartburg, North Park, Grand Valley State, Michigan Tech, and Finlandia. He played college football for Mount Union as an offensive tackle.
Anil Kaul
Anil Kaul (born 25 December 1964) is a retired male badminton player from Canada, who won the gold medal in the inaugural men's doubles competition at the 1995 Pan American Games. He did so alongside Iain Sydie. A resident of Victoria, Manitoba, he represented Canada at the 1992 and 1996 Summer Olympics.

Kaul assumed the presidency of Badminton Canada from 1 July 2015, after being elected by the organizations membership on 14 June, replaces Peter Golding.

Badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Badminton had its debut as an official medal sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics. It was held from 28 July to 4 August 1992. Four events were held in the first competition of the sport: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles. Badminton was contested in the Pavelló de la Mar Bella. 36 nations entered competitors, with a total of 177 entrants. Asian nations won fifteen of the sixteen medals, with their dominance being broken only by Denmark's bronze medal in the men's singles.

The tournament was single-elimination.  Matches consisted of three sets, with sets being to 15 except in women's singles, where sets were to 11.  No playoffs were contested for semi-final losers, meaning that two bronze medals were awarded in each event.  Similarly, all four players/pairs defeated in the quarterfinals for each event were awarded fifth place.
Golden puddle frog
The golden puddle frog (Phrynobatrachus auritus) is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.
It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, and possibly Angola.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation.

Forest degradation
Forest degradation is a process in which the biological wealth of a forest area is permanently diminished by some factor or by a combination of factors. "This does not involve a reduction of the forest area, but rather a quality decrease in its condition." The forest is still there, but with fewer trees, or fewer species of trees, plants or animals, or some of them affected by plagues. This degradation makes the forest less valuable and may lead to deforestation. Forest degradation is a type of the more general issue of land degradation. Deforestation and forest degradation continue to take place at alarming rates, which contributes significantly to the ongoing loss of biodiversity.
China Consortium
The China Consortium, also referred to as banking consortium or financial consortium or four-, five-, or six-power consortium depending on context, refers to two successive cooperative arrangements formed by foreign banks under their respective governments' directions in the early 20th century, to coordinate lending to the Chinese government. These initiatives were resented by Chinese nationalists and later similarly criticized by Chinese Communists, as instruments of colonialism wielded by Western nations and Japan.: 355

Westminster Bank
Westminster Bank was a British retail bank which operated in England and Wales. It was created in 1834 as the London and Westminster Bank. It merged with the London and County Bank in 1909, after which it renamed itself the London County and Westminster Bank, then acquired the former business of Birkbeck Bank in 1911, Ulster Bank in 1917, and Parr's Bank in 1918, following which it changed its name again to London County Westminster and Parrs. It shortened its name to Westminster Bank in 1923.

Following that transformative sequence of acquisitions, Westminster Bank was the fifth-largest bank in England, thus one of the so-called Big Five together with Barclays, Lloyds Bank, Midland Bank, and National Provincial Bank. In 1968 it announced its merger with National Provincial to form the National Westminster Bank, which was completed on 1 January 1970.
Gunwalloe
Gunwalloe (/ɡʌnˈwɒləʊ/ Cornish: Pluw Wynnwalow) is a coastal civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated on the Lizard Peninsula three miles (4.8 km) south of Helston and partly contains The Loe, the largest natural freshwater lake in Cornwall. The parish population including Berepper at the 2011 census was 219. The hamlets in the parish are Chyanvounder, Berepper and Chyvarloe. To the east are the Halzephron cliffs (the site of many graves of shipwrecked sailors and soldiers) and further east the parish church.

Gunwalloe lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park.

Cornwall National Landscape
Cornwall National Landscape is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It was formerly known as, and is still legally designated as, Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, with the National Landscape branding adopted in November 2023.

The National Landscape covers 958 square kilometres (370 sq mi), or about 27% of the total area of the county. It comprises 12 separate sections, of which 11 cover stretches of coastline and one Bodmin Moor, which together are treated as a single National Landscape.

It was designated in 1959 for special landscape protection, and under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, Cornwall Council is required to produce a 5-year management plan, and authorities must have regard to the purpose of conserving and enhancing natural beauty when discharging any function affecting land within the National Landscape.
Fort Smith Railroad
The Fort Smith Railroad (reporting mark FSR) is a Class III short-line railroad headquartered in Fort Smith, Arkansas.

FSR operates 18 miles (29 km) of line in Arkansas from Fort Smith (where it interchanges with Kansas City Southern Railway, Union Pacific Railroad, and Arkansas and Missouri Railroad) to Fort Chaffee.

FSR traffic generally consists of grain, food products, paper products, scrap and finished steel, lumber, peanuts, alcohol, military equipment, and charcoal.

The FSR currently operates with three ex-Santa Fe Railroad EMD GP20 locomotives.

FSR is a subsidiary of Pioneer Railcorp.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.
Sankhata
Saṅkhata (Sanskrit: Saṃskṛta संस्कृत) refers to any phenomena conditioned by other phenomena produced through causes. Sankhata is contrasted with Asankhata, which means Unconditioned (that which is of its own without any dependence on conditioned phenomena) referring to Nibbana.

It also denotes mental creations in the Pali language. As explained by the dependent origination concept (see:Twelve Nidanas), sankhatas condition the consciousness (vijnana) and are conditioned by ignorance (avidyā). Sankhatas are part of the name and form (see: Namarupa) and so are one of the five aggregates (see: skandhas).

Ignorance
Ignorance is a lack of knowledge, information and understanding.  Deliberate ignorance is a culturally-induced phenomenon, the study of which is called agnotology.

The word "ignorant" is an adjective that describes a person in the state of being unaware, or even cognitive dissonance and other cognitive relation, and can describe individuals who are unaware of important information or facts. Ignorance can appear in three different types: factual ignorance (absence of knowledge of some fact), object ignorance (unacquaintance with some object), and technical ignorance (absence of knowledge of how to do something).
Binet
Binet is surname of French origin, shared by the following people:

Alfred Binet, a 19th-century French psychologist and inventor of the first usable intelligence test
The Stanford-Binet IQ test is partially named after Alfred Binet

Charles Henri Joseph Binet (1869–1936), Catholic archbishop and Cardinal from France.

Charles Binet-Sanglé (1868–1941), a French military doctor and psychologist

Etienne Binet, a 17th-century French Jesuit author

Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, an 18th-century French mathematician
Binet's formula for the Fibonacci sequence is named after Jacques Binet
The Cauchy–Binet formula of linear algebra is partially named after Jacques Binet

Jean-Auguste-Gustave Binet (pen name Binet-Valmer), a Franco-Swiss writer

Jocelyne Binet (1923–1968), a Canadian pianist, composer and music teacher

Laurent Binet (born 1972), a French writer and university lecturer

Binet-Valmer
Jean-Auguste-Gustave Binet (3 June 1875 – 20 April 1940), also known as Binet-Valmer, was a Franco-Swiss novelist and journalist. The trademark element of his style was the almost clinical precision with which he dissected the psychologies and motivations of his characters.
The Tiger (2005 film)
The Tiger (also known as Tiger) is a 2005 Indian Malayalam-language police procedural action thriller film directed by Shaji Kailas and written by B. Unnikrishnan. It stars Suresh Gopi and Siddique in the lead roles, while, Sai Kumar, Gopika, Vineeth Kumar, Anand and Rajan P. Dev appear in supporting roles.

The Tiger was released on 16 December 2005 and became a commercial success at the box office alongside its Telugu dubbed version Police Samrajyam.

Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)
Sai Kumar, also credited as Saikumar, is an Indian actor who appears in Malayalam films. He is the son of Malayalam actor late Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair. He appears in both positive and negative roles. He notably plays the hero role in Ramji Rao Speaking, and the villain in Makkal Mahatmyam.
Gandvik
Gandvik (northern sámi: Juvravuonna, kvääni: Juuriperä) is a city in Nesseby. The name is a compound of the words gand, and vik, meaning bay.

In Norse mythology, Gandvík is a dangerous sea, known as the "Bay of Serpents" because of its tortuous shape.

The 12th-13th century Dane Saxo Grammaticus stated that Gandvik was an old name for the Baltic Sea (a name misspelt Grandvik in some translations). The legend presumably refers to the Gulf of Bothnia. However, there are two opposite theories about where Gandvik was situated, based on the 1323 Treaty of Nöteborg: in the Arctic Ocean or the Gulf of Bothnia. Starting from the 1850s, the former received more support, in that Sweden had extended far out to the Arctic Ocean, but since the 1920s the latter has gained more support. However, Hversu Noregr byggðist, dating from the former part of the 13th century, is by most opinions referring to the White Sea when it uses the term Gandvik.

Nesseby Municipality
Unjárga (Northern Sami) or Nesseby (Norwegian) (also unofficially Uuniemi in Kven and Finnish) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Varangerbotn. Other villages in Nesseby include Gandvik, Karlebotn, Nesseby, Grasbakken and Nyelv. The European route E06 and European route E75 highways intersect at Varangerbotn in Nesseby.

The 1,437-square-kilometre (555 sq mi) municipality is the 62nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Nesseby is the 344th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 859. The municipality's population density is 0.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.5% over the previous 10-year period.

In popular culture: The municipality has been the main set of movies, as late as the 2020s.
Rob Eastlund
Robert B. "Rob" Eastlund (born June 19, 1949) is a Minnesota politician and a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives who represented District 17A, which includes portions of Anoka, Chisago and Isanti counties in the east-central part of the state just north of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. A Republican, he is also a business owner and property manager.

Chisago County, Minnesota
Chisago County (/ʃɪˈsɑːɡoʊ/ shi-SAH-goh) is a county in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The county covers an area of 442 square miles (1,140 square kilometers) and, as of the 2020 Census, had a population of 56,621 people. It is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county's largest city is North Branch. Within Chisago County is the Chisago Lakes area, which includes the combined areas of Shafer, Chisago City, Lindström, and Center City. Center City is the county seat. The county has a diverse economy, including manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism.
Lycoperdon mammiforme
Lycoperdon mammiforme is a  rare, inedible type of puffball mushroom in the genus Lycoperdon, found in deciduous forest on chalk soil. It is found in Europe. The fruit body is spherical to pear shaped, at first pure white with slightly grainy inner skin and an outer skin which disintegrates in flakes that are soon shed, later ochre, chocolate-brown when old, up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Carbochemistry
Carbochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of coal (bituminous coal, coal tar, anthracite, lignite, graphite, and charcoal) into useful products and raw materials. The processes that are used in carbochemistry include degasification processes such as carbonization and coking, gasification processes, and liquefaction processes.

Lignite
Lignite (from Latin  lignum 'wood'), often called brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks.
Çamlıca, Kızıltepe
Çamlıca (Kurdish: Gundik) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 49 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Trevor Tainton
Trevor Keith Tainton (born 8 June 1948) is a former footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League between the 1960s and 1980s  for Bristol City.

He was born in Bristol and first appeared in the league for Bristol City in the 1967–68 season and he went on to play 486 League games for the Ashton Gate side. He was a member of the successful promotion side of 1976, and went on to play for City in the First Division. He is third on City's all-time appearances list, playing in 581 matches.

During the 1981/82 season Tainton joined Torquay United, scoring one goal in 19 league appearances that season before moving to Trowbridge Town.

He is a member of Bristol City's Hall of Fame.

After retiring from football he worked as a security officer at the Oldbury Nuclear Power Station.

Ashton Gate (stadium)
Ashton Gate is a multi-use stadium in Ashton Gate, Bristol, England, and is the home of Bristol City F.C. and the Bristol Bears rugby union team. Located in the south-west of the city, just south of the River Avon, it currently has an all-seated capacity of  27,000.
Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckney's Treaty,  also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed on October 27, 1795, by the United States and Spain.

It defined the border between the United States and Spanish Florida, and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. With this agreement, the first phase of the ongoing border dispute between the two nations in this region, commonly called the West Florida Controversy, came to a close.

Thomas Pinckney negotiated the treaty for the United States and Don Manuel de Godoy represented Spain. It was presented to the United States Senate on February 26, 1796, and, after debate, was ratified on March 7, 1796. It was ratified by Spain on April 25, 1796, and ratifications were exchanged on that date. The treaty was proclaimed on August 2, 1796.

Manuel Godoy
Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria Ríos, 1st Prince of the Peace (12 May 1767 – 4 October 1851) was First Secretary of State of the Kingdom of Spain from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1808. He was one of the central Spanish political figures during the rise of Napoleon and his invasion of Spain. Godoy came to power at a young age as the favourite of King Charles IV and Queen Maria Luisa, with whom he had a sexual relationship. He has been partly blamed for the Anglo-Spanish War of 1796–1808 that weakened the Spanish Empire. Godoy's unmatched power ended in 1808 with the Tumult of Aranjuez, which forced him into a long exile. He died in Paris in 1851.