hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bolt Head
Bolt Head is a National Trust headland on the South Coast of Devon, England, United Kingdom, situated west of the Kingsbridge Estuary. It is a popular viewpoint on the South West Coast Path between Hope Cove, Bolt Tail, Bolberry Down and Salcombe.

Hope Cove
Hope Cove is a small seaside village within the civil parish of South Huish in South Hams district, Devon, England. It is located 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Salcombe and 5 miles (8.0 km) south west of Kingsbridge. It has two beaches, and is sheltered by the headland of Bolt Tail.
Mumbai Port Trust Railway
Mumbai Port Trust Railway (also known as the Bombay Port Trust Railway) was commissioned on 1 January 1915. The railway line was being utilized for grain and fuel depots and feeding the containers at the Bombay Port.

The port trust lines were not just used for conveying cargo, but also carry passengers and troops during World War II.  In the 1920s and 1930s, the Ballard Pier Mole station on the Mumbai Port Trust Railway line was a starting point for the Frontier Mail which is now known as the Golden Temple Mail.

In 1936, the company owned 26 locomotives and 684 goods wagons. The last steam locomotives were retired in 1976.

Mumbai Port
Mumbai Port (also known as the Bombay Port) is a port which lies midway on the west coast of India, on the natural deep-water Mumbai harbour in Maharashtra. The harbour spread over 400 square kilometres (150 mi2) is protected by the mainland of Konkan to its east and north and by the island city of Mumbai to its west. The harbour opens to the south to the Arabian Sea.

The port is administered by the Mumbai Port Authority (MbPA), an statutory body of the Government of India. Originally established as the Bombay Port Trust (BPT) in 1873,: 238  it was renamed the Mumbai Port Trust (MbPT) following the city's renaming, and finally transitioned to its current legal title on 31 January 2022 under the Major Port Authorities Act, 2021.: 3  The port is primarily used for bulk cargo, while most container traffic is directed to Nhava Sheva port across the harbour.
Church of St. John Nepomucene
The Church of St. John Nepomucene is a Roman Catholic parish located on East 66th Street and 1st Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. The founders of the church were recent immigrants from Slovakia, who began meeting in St. Brigid's Parish at  8th Street and Avenue B in about 1891 and established the Society of St. Matthew to organize their own parish.

The parish was established in 1895 from within St. Elizabeth of Hungary parish, which was centered on its church on 83rd Street. The church, school and rectory were built for $300,000.

66th Street (Manhattan)
66th Street is a crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan with portions on the Upper East Side and Upper West Side connected across Central Park via the 66th Street transverse. West 66th Street is notable for hosting the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts between Broadway and Columbus Avenue.
Newman Jets
The Newman Jets are the athletic teams that represent Newman University, located in Wichita, Kansas, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) for most of its sports as an associate member since the 2019–20 academic year (before achieving full member status in 2022–23); while its men's soccer team competes in the Great American Conference (GAC). The Jets previously competed in the D-II Heartland Conference from 2006–07 to 2018–19; and in the defunct Midlands Collegiate Athletic Conference (MCAC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1999–2000 to 2005–06.

Great American Conference
The Great American Conference (GAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, with headquarters located in Russellville, Arkansas. Athletic competition began play during the 2011–12 school year. Its twelve all-sports member schools are located in Arkansas and Oklahoma in the South Central United States. The conference also has four men's soccer affiliate members, two in Kansas and two in Oklahoma.
Vorkuta Sovetsky (air base)
Vorkuta Sovetskiy (also known as Vorkuta East) is a military airfield in the Komi Republic, Russia, located 11 km east of Vorkuta. It was one of nine Air Army staging bases in the Arctic for Russian bomber units. It contains one of the largest runways in Russia's Arctic region.

Sovetskiy was built in the early 1960s as a staging base for intercontinental Long-Range Aviation bomber strikes (as a so-called 'bounce' airdrome).  The airfield was first identified by Western intelligence in 1961. It is maintained by OGA (Arctic Control Group).  The 364 OSAE (364h Independent Mixed Aviation Squadron) was based here between 1980 and 1994 with the Antonov An-12 (NATO: Cub), Antonov An-26 (NATO: Curl) and Mil Mi-8 (NATO: Hip).

Antonov An-26
The Antonov An-26 (NATO reporting name: Curl, nicknamed Nastia in the USSR) is a twin-engined turboprop regional airliner and military transport aircraft, designed and produced in the Soviet Union from 1969 to 1986. It is the third member of the Antonov An-24 family, coming after the An-24 and An-30, while preceding the An-32 and cancelled An-132. The An-26 is license-produced in China as the Xi'an Y-7.
Thompson/Center Arms
Thompson/Center Arms is an American firearms company based in Rochester, New Hampshire. The company was best known for its line of interchangeable-barrel, single-shot pistols and rifles. Thompson/Center also manufactures muzzle-loading rifles and was credited with creating the resurgence of their use in the 1970s.

7mm-08 Remington
The 7mm-08 Remington is a rifle cartridge that is almost a direct copy of a wildcat cartridge developed around 1958 known as the 7mm/308. As these names would suggest, it is the .308 Winchester case necked down to accept 7 mm (.284) bullets with a small increase in case length. Of cartridges based upon the .308, it is the second most popular behind only the .243 Winchester. However, the .308 is more popular than both. In 1980, the Remington Arms company popularized the cartridge by applying its own name and offering it as a chambering for their Model 788 and Model 700 rifles, along with a limited-run series within their Model 7600 pump-action rifles during the early 2000s.
Roger Leir
Roger Krevin Leir (March 20, 1935 – March 14, 2014) was an American podiatric surgeon and ufologist best known as an investigator of alleged alien implants.  Leir wrote books such as The Aliens and the Scalpel, and appeared on various radio and television shows, including Coast to Coast AM, claiming he had discovered proof of "non-terrestrial experimentation on man".

Ufology
Ufology, sometimes written UFOlogy (US: /juːˈfɑːlədʒi/ or UK: /juːˈfɒlədʒi/), is the investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) by people who believe that they may be of extraordinary origins (most frequently of extraterrestrial alien visitors). While there are instances of government, private, and fringe science investigations of UFOs, ufology is generally regarded by skeptics and science educators as an example of pseudoscience.
Mordovia Arena
Mordovia Arena (Russian: «Мордовия Арена») is a football stadium in Saransk, Mordovia, Russia built for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It hosted FC Mordovia Saransk, prior to their dissolution in 2020 from the Russian Professional Football League, replacing Start Stadium. It has a capacity of 44,442 spectators. The total area of the facility is 122,700 sq m.

The Arena is located in the central part of the city and is within a walking distance of the city's key infrastructure. The stadium design is based on the image of the sun, the main symbol of ancient myths and legends of the Mordvin people. After the FIFA World Cup, the stadium is expected to serve as Saransk and Mordovia's largest sports and leisure center.

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.
1990 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria on 10 June 1990, with a second round for eighteen seats on 17 June. They were the first elections held since the fall of Communism the previous winter, and the first free national elections since 1931. The elections were held to elect the 7th Grand National Assembly, tasked with adopting a new (democratic) constitution. The new electoral system was changed from 400 single-member constituencies used during the Communist era to a split system whereby half were elected in single member constituencies and half by proportional representation. The result was a victory for the Bulgarian Socialist Party, the freshly renamed Communist Party, which won 211 of the 400 seats.

The Grand National Assembly drafted the country's fourth constitution, which was promulgated on 12 July 1991. The first elections under the new document were held three months later.

Free and fair election
A free and fair election is defined  as an election in which "coercion is comparatively uncommon". This definition was popularized by political scientist Robert Dahl. A free and fair election involves political freedoms and fair processes leading up to the vote, a fair count of eligible voters who cast a ballot, a lack of electoral fraud or voter suppression, and acceptance of election results by all parties. An election may partially meet international standards for free and fair elections, or may meet some standards but not others.
Kathryn Graddy
Kathryn Graddy is a professor of economics and the dean of Brandeis International Business School at Brandeis University. She is the Fred and Rita Richman Distinguished Professor in Economics at Brandeis University. Her research interests include the economics of art, culture, and industrial organization.

The RAND Journal of Economics
The RAND Journal of Economics (usually called RAND Journal or simply Rand) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the RAND Corporation. It publishes theoretical and empirical papers on industrial organization and related topics. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.986.
Muhammad Muhsin Alam
Muhammad Muhsin Alam (born 22 November 1971) is a retired one star officer and former commander of para commando brigade of the Bangladesh army. Alam also served in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as the Northern Sector Commander of MONUSCO.

Bangladesh Military Academy
Bangladesh Military Academy (BMA) is a military service academy for the training of officer cadets of the Bangladesh Army. It is located in Bhatiary, Sitakunda Upazila, in the Chittagong District of south-eastern Bangladesh.
Dzoraget Hydroelectric Power Station
40°58′N 44°38′E﻿ / ﻿40.96°N 44.63°E﻿ / 40.96; 44.63

The Dzoraget Hydroelectric Power Station (Armenian: Ձորագետի հիդրոէլեկտրակայան) is situated in Dzoraget village, Lori Region, Armenia. The plant is located on the coast of Debed River, but it uses the flows of the waters of Dzoraget River. Construction of the Dzoraget HPP started in 1927 and it was launched on 15 November 1932 with the full installed capacity of 22.32 MW.  As of 1980, the plant uses three generators with an installed capacity of 26.2 MW.  The Dzoraget Hydro Power Plant is considered to be small size power plant. There is a little water storage behind the weir, as Dzoraget HPP is a run-of-the-river plant.

Dzoraget (river)
The Dzoraget (Armenian: Ձորագետ) is a river in the Lori region in Northern Armenia. It originates in the Bazum Mountains and flows west to east through spectacular gorges around Stepanavan. It finally feeds into the river Debed near Dzoragyugh, which ultimately drains to the Kura.

Dzoraget is a compound word in Armenian meaning Gorge-river and formed with the lexemes ձոր [dzɔɾ] ('gorge') and գետ  [ɡetʰ] ('river') joined by the interfix ա  [ɑ].

In certain places (e.g. at Kurtan), the gorge is over 200 metres (660 ft) deep.
Morgan O'Brien (American football)
Morgan P. O'Brien was an engineer at the A. E. Staley Company, located in Decatur, Illinois, as well as a football fan who assisted George Halas in managing the administrative matters of the Decatur Staleys (renamed the Chicago Bears in 1922). In the fall of 1920, O'Brien and Halas traveled to Canton, Ohio via train to attend and represent Decatur at a meeting held at Ralph Hay's Hupmobile dealership, which would establish the American Professional Football Association (renamed the National Football League in 1922).

At the league's 1921 meeting, O'Brien was named as the vice-president of the Association.

Decatur, Illinois
Decatur (/dɪˈkeɪtər/ dih-KAY-tər) is the largest city in Macon County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The city was founded in 1829 and is situated along the Sangamon River and Lake Decatur in Central Illinois. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 70,522. It is the 17th-most populous city in Illinois and the "fastest shrinking city" in Illinois. Decatur has an economy based on industrial and agricultural commodity processing and production. The city is home to Millikin University and Richland Community College.
Form I-539
Form I-539, Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status is one of the forms issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. It is used by people currently in the United States in a non-immigrant status to change the classification for their status and/or extend their stay with their current status. Both the current status and the status to which the transition is being sought must be non-immigrant visa statuses.

The corresponding form used for Adjustment of Status to that of a Lawful Permanent Resident is Form I-485. However, whereas Form I-485 is always needed when adjusting status within the United States to that of Lawful Permanent Resident from a non-immigrant status, Form I-539 is only needed for some kinds of transitions or extensions of stay.

Visa Waiver Program
The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) is a program of the United States government that allows nationals of specific countries to travel to the United States for tourism, business, or while in transit for up to 90 days without having to obtain a visa. It applies to all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as to Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, which also have an additional program with waivers for more nationalities; American Samoa has a similar but separate program.

The countries selected for the VWP by the U.S. government are generally regarded as developed countries, with high-income economies and a very high Human Development Index.

Other visa waivers exist for citizens of some neighboring or associated countries and territories.
Yad Hana
Yad Hana (Hebrew: יַד חַנָּה, lit. 'Hannah's Memorial') is a community settlement and former kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain near Highway 57 and north of the country's center, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hefer Valley Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 977.

Gush Dan
Gush Dan (Hebrew: גּוּשׁ דָּן, lit. 'Dan bloc') or Tel Aviv metropolitan area is a major conurbation along Israel's Mediterranean coast. The term is commonly used by government bodies and the public, though its exact boundaries vary. It ranges from combining Tel Aviv with cities that form an urban continuum with it, to the entire areas from both the Tel Aviv District and the Central District, or sometimes the whole Metropolitan Area of Tel Aviv, which includes a small part of the Southern District as well. Gush Dan is the largest conurbation and metropolitan area in Israel and the center of Israel's financial and High technology sector. In 2021 the metropolitan area has an estimated population of 4,156,900 residents, 89% of whom were Israeli Jews.
Catholic Church in Grenada
The Catholic Church in Grenada is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

There are approximately 40,000 Catholics in Grenada—around 44% of the total population. The country forms a single diocese: the Diocese of St George's in Grenada, led by Bishop Clyde Martin Harvey.

Diocese of Saint George's in Grenada
The Roman Catholic Diocese of St. George's in Grenada (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Georgii) is a diocese of the Catholic Church that encompasses only and the entirety of Grenada. It is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Castries (Saint Lucia) and a member of the Antilles Episcopal Conference. The diocese depends on the Dicastery for Evangelization.

Its episcopal see is the Immaculate Conception Cathedral, in the national capital of St. George's.
NICI AG
NICI or NICI GmbH is the name of a German toy factory based in Altenkunstadt in the north Bavarian region of Upper Franconia. The company was founded in 1986, and produces plush toys, stationery, figurines, greeting cards, pillows, water bottles, magnets, and other merchandise. Lots of their products are collectibles for children, with series of matching plush characters and school accessories. NICI produced Goleo, the mascot of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

The company filed for bankruptcy in May 2006. In December of that year the firm was taken over by a fund controlled by the Strategic Value Partners Group. The company changed its legal base back from Aktiengesellschaft to Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung.

Water bottle
A water bottle is a container that is used to hold liquids, usually water, for the purpose of transporting or storing a drink while travelling or while otherwise away from a supply of potable water.

Water bottles are usually made of plastic, glass, or metal. In the past, water bottles were sometimes made of wood, bark, or animal skins such as leather, hide and sheepskin.

Water bottles can be either disposable or reusable. Disposable water bottles are often sold filled with potable water, while reusable bottles are often sold empty. Reusable water bottles help cut down on consumer plastic waste and carbon emissions. A reusable water bottle designed for outdoor activities is also called a canteen.
Kebee
Bae Lee-sak (Korean: 배이삭, born May 29, 1983), better known by his stage name Kebee (Korean: 키비), is a South Korean rapper, songwriter and record producer. He is a member of Eluphant, and a former CEO of Soul Company. He gained attention in South Korea after appearing on Mnet's composition show Show Me the Money 6. He's since has contributed as a lyricist to albums released by Wanna One, IZone, Park Ji-hoon, and MXM.

He released his first album, Evolutional Poems, on October 19, 2004. In 2019, Kebee is the CEO and founder of Hi-Fly Music, a production company dedicated to "crafting music that showcases the individuality of artists." Additionally, Hi-Fly Music produces various multimedia content utilizing music as a central medium.

Show Me the Money 6
The sixth season of the series Show Me the Money, known as Show Me the Money 6 (also referred to as SMTM6), premiered on June 30, 2017 and ended on September 1, 2017. It is on broadcast every Friday at 23:00 KST on Mnet.

The season features judges Choiza and Gaeko of Dynamic Duo, H1ghr Music's Jay Park of AOMG and Dok2 of Illionaire Records, Tiger JK and Bizzy of Feel GHood Music, and Zico and Dean of Fanxychild. Over 12,000 contestants auditioned this season with a mix of returning contestants, veteran rappers, and upcoming rappers participating in the competition. Similarly to previous seasons, open auditions were held, in Seoul, Los Angeles, and for the first time in New York. Grammy Award-winning producer/rapper Swizz Beatz was guest judge for the New York auditions.

Hangzoo, the third and final member of Rhythm Power to participate in the Show Me the Money series wins this season with Team Fanxychild's Zico and Dean as the winning producers.
21st Century (Digital Boy)
"21st Century (Digital Boy)" is a song by the punk rock group Bad Religion. It was originally recorded in 1990 on their fifth full-length studio album, Against the Grain, and re-recorded on their 1994 album, Stranger Than Fiction. The following year it was included on the All Ages compilation release.

Although the Against the Grain version was not released as a single, the Stranger Than Fiction version was a popular hit. The hit version was also featured on the 2002 compilation Punk Rock Songs, which was not endorsed by the band.

All Ages
All Ages is a compilation album by the American punk rock band Bad Religion. It was released on July 26, 1995, through Epitaph Records. The compilation contains songs from How Could Hell Be Any Worse? to Generator, and two live tracks recorded during their 1994 European tour, which were the first tracks to feature guitarist Brian Baker.
Nef line bundle
In algebraic geometry, a line bundle on a projective variety is nef if it has nonnegative degree on every curve in the variety. The classes of nef line bundles are described by a convex cone, and the possible contractions of the variety correspond to certain faces of the nef cone. In view of the correspondence between line bundles and divisors (built from codimension-1 subvarieties), there is an equivalent notion of a nef divisor.

Convex cone
In linear algebra, a cone—sometimes called a linear cone to distinguish it from other sorts of cones—is a subset of a real vector space that is closed under positive scalar multiplication; that is,  is a cone if  implies  for every positive scalar . This is a broad generalization of the standard cone in Euclidean space.

A convex cone is a cone that is also closed under addition, or, equivalently, a subset of a vector space that is closed under linear combinations with positive coefficients. It follows that convex cones are convex sets.

The definition of a convex cone makes sense in a vector space over any ordered field, although the field of real numbers is used most often.
Sommerfeld effect
In mechanics, Sommerfeld effect is a phenomenon arising from feedback in the energy exchange between vibrating systems: for example, when for the rocking table, under given conditions, energy transmitted to the motor resulted not in higher revolutions but in stronger vibrations of the table. It is named after Arnold Sommerfeld.
In 1902, A. Sommerfeld analyzed the vibrations caused by a motor driving an unbalanced weight and wrote that "This experiment corresponds roughly to the case in which a factory owner has a machine set on a poor foundation running at 30 horsepower. He achieves an effective level of just 1/3, however, because only 10 horsepower are doing useful work, while 20 horsepower are transferred to the foundational masonry".
First mathematical descriptions of Sommerfeld effect were suggested by I. Blekhman and V. Kononenko.

Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (German: [ˈaʁnɔlt ˈzɔmɐˌfɛlt]; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in both atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics.

Sommerfeld served as doctoral advisor and postdoctoral advisor to seven Nobel Prize winners and supervised at least 30 other famous physicists and chemists.

Sommerfeld introduced the second quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, and the third quantum number, magnetic quantum number. He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory.