hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grmada
Grmada (Slovene for "stake") can be:

Grmada, the west peak of Mount Saint Mary (Šmarna gora), a mountain in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia

Grmada above Krško, a hill near the city of Krško, southeastern Slovenia

Grmada above Ortnek, a hill in the Municipality of Ribnica, southern Slovenia

Polhov Gradec Grmada, a hill near the settlement of Polhov Gradec, central Slovenia

Grmada, Trebnje, a village in the Municipality of Trebnje, southeastern Slovenia

Polhov Gradec
Polhov Gradec (pronounced [ˈpou̯ːxou̯ ˈɡɾaːdəts]; German: Billichgra(t)z) is a settlement in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is the center of the Upper Gradaščica Valley.
YZ Canis Minoris
YZ Canis Minoris is a red-hued star in the equatorial constellation of Canis Minor. With an apparent visual magnitude of 11.15, it is much too faint to be viewed with the naked eye. The distance to YZ CMi can be estimated from its annual parallax shift of 167 mas, yielding a value of 19.5 light years. Presently the star is moving further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +26.5 km/s. It made its closest approach some 162,000 years ago when it made perihelion passage at a distance of 10.2 ly. YZ CMi is a potential member of the Beta Pictoris moving group.

This is a red dwarf star, or M-type main-sequence star, with a stellar classification of M5 V. It is a flare star, so called due to its stellar flares being more powerful than those of Earth's star, and is roughly three times the size of Jupiter. The radio emission from the star is in a 50 mHz bandwidth and is centered on 1464.9 mHz. The X-ray surface flux is 2.73×106 erg s−1 cm−2. It has a coronal temperature of 5.79 MK.

Stellar corona
In astronomy, a corona (pl.: coronas or coronae) is the outermost layer of a star's atmosphere. It is a region filled with relatively hot, tenuous plasma that is structured by the star's magnetic field.

Scientists have greater access to the solar corona than they do to other stellar coronae, since it is inside our solar system. This means that the coronae of other stars are still relatively poorly understood.

Corona (Latin for 'crown') is, in turn, derived from Ancient Greek  κορώνη (korṓnē) 'garland, wreath'.
Rimbach-près-Masevaux
Rimbach-près-Masevaux (German: Rimbach bei Masmünster; variant form of name: Rimpach) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Villages, hamlets and quarters in the commune: Basse Bers (Niederebersche, Unterbers, Untere Bers), Ermensbach (Armspach, Ermenspach, Ermerspach, Ermspach), Grossenberg (Grosberg), Haute Bers (Oberenbers), Horben (Horb), Johannesberg (Johannisberg, Sankt Johannisberg), Langmatt (Langmatte), Neuerbet (Neu Arbet, Neu Erbet), Riedelsbourg (Riedelsburg), Riesenwald, Ruchberg

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Lee Kyung-hwan
Lee Kyung-Hwan (March 21, 1988 – April 14, 2012) was a South Korean football player. He played for Daejeon Citizen and Suwon Bluewings.

Lee was involved in match-fixing scandal while playing for Daejeon Citizen. On the basis of the prosecution's investigation, it was confirmed in August 2011 that he would be banned from playing in the all football leagues in South Korea.

He committed suicide in Incheon on 14 April 2012, at age 24, after jumping off an apartment building. Lee was pronounced dead on the way to the hospital.

2011 South Korean football match-fixing scandal
The 2011 South Korean football match-fixing scandal was a large-scale match-fixing scandal, which occurred in K League and Korean League Cup since 2010 and was revealed in 2011. A total of 57 footballers were charged with the scandal and 55 players among them were punished.
Okinawa International University
Okinawa International University (沖縄国際大学, Okinawa kokusai daigaku), often abbreviated as Okikokudai (沖国大), Okikoku (沖国) or in English OKIU, is a private university in Ginowan in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It was founded in 1959 as a junior college and became a Japanese university in 1972 after the Okinawa Reversion.

As of 1 May 2025, the university counts 5257 students, 202 professors and 76 employees. It has four colleges including ten departments, three graduate schools including five departments and four research institutes.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Gârdani
Gârdani (Hungarian: Gardánfalva) is a commune in Maramureș County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Gârdani, part of Sălsig Commune until being split off in 2004.

The commune is located in the western part of the county, on the border with Satu Mare County. It lies on the right bank of the river Someș, at a distance of 33 km (21 mi) from the county seat, Baia Mare

At the 2011 census, Gârdani had a population of 1,151; of those, 96% were ethnic Romanians. At the 2021 census, the population had increased to 1,311, of which 92% were Romanians.

Crișana
Crișana (Romanian: Crișana, Hungarian: Körösvidék, German: Kreischgebiet) is a geographical and historical region of Romania named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is bounded to the east by the Apuseni Mountains, to the south by the Mureș River, to the north by the Someș River, and to the west by the Tisza River, the Romanian-Hungarian border cutting it in two. However, in Hungary, the area between the Tisza River and  the Romanian border is usually known as Tiszántúl.
Gunnar Syverstad
Gunnar Bryde Syverstad, BEM (6 February 1910 – 11 March 1945) was a Norwegian resistance member. He is known for his assistance in the Norwegian heavy water sabotage.

He was born in Horten, Norway. his mother was from that city and his father was from Glemmen in Østfold county. He later moved to Rjukan where he was laboratory assistant at the Vemork hydroelectric power plant outside Rjukan in Tinn, Norway.

He fled to Great Britain in February 1944, where he became a member of the Special Operations Executive. He returned to Norway, being parachuted in over Hardangervidda, to participate in the Operation Sunshine with Leif Tronstad. Syverstad and Tronstad were both killed in a shooting incident 11 March 1945.

Vemork
59°52′16″N 8°29′29″E﻿ / ﻿59.87111°N 8.49139°E﻿ / 59.87111; 8.49139

Vemork is a hydroelectric power plant and a museum outside the town of Rjukan in Tinn Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The plant was built by Norsk Hydro and opened in 1911, its main purpose being to fix nitrogen for the production of fertilizer. At opening, it was the world's largest power plant with a capacity of 108 megawatts (145,000 hp).

Vemork was later the site of the first plant in the world to mass-produce heavy water developing from the hydrogen production then used for the Haber process. During World War II, Vemork was the target of Norwegian heavy water sabotage operations. The heavy water plant was closed in 1971, and in 1988 the power station became the Norwegian Industrial Workers Museum.

A new power plant was opened in 1971 and is located inside the mountain behind the old power plant.
Koritno, Majšperk
Koritno (pronounced [kɔˈɾiːtnɔ]) is a settlement on the right bank of the Dravinja River west of Breg in the Municipality of Majšperk in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Dravinja
The Dravinja (German: Drann, pronounced [dʁan] ⓘ) is the largest tributary of the Drava River in Slovenia. It is 73 kilometres (45 mi) long. Its source is on the Pohorje Massif southwest of Mount Rogla about 1,150 m above sea level. The river passes Zreče, the town of Slovenske Konjice, the ruins of the fort at Zbelovo, Poljčane, Makole, Štatenberg Castle, Majšperk, and Videm pri Ptuju, where it merges with the Drava. Its main tributary is the Polskava River.

The Dravinja is the best-preserved lowland river in Slovenia and has been protected as part of the European Natura 2000 network. In addition, the river is distinguished by the Pečnik Mill, which has been proclaimed an ethnological monument.
Nevada Northern Railway Museum
The Nevada Northern Railway Museum is a railroad museum and heritage railroad located in Ely, Nevada, owned by the State of Nevada and operated by a historic foundation dedicated to the preservation of the Nevada Northern Railway.

Museum activities include restoration and operation of historic railroad equipment and various hands on experiences  and a variety of special events including seasonal trains for Halloween and Santa-themed trains for Christmas.  This is one of the few places in the world where visitors can actually operate a steam locomotive, but this experience requires some advanced planning.

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
Baby (surname)
Baby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benoît Baby (born 1983), French rugby union footballer

François Baby (politician) (1768–1852), political figure in Upper Canada

François Baby (businessman) (1733–1820), Canadian businessman

François Baby (legislative councillor) (1794–1864), seigneur, businessman, and legislative councillor

Jacques Baby (1731–1789), Canadian fur trader

James Baby (1763–1863), Canadian politician and judge, and son of Jacques Baby

Jean Baptiste Baby (1770–1852), Canadian politician and businessman, and son of Jacques Baby

K. J. Baby (born 1954), Indian writer and film director

Louis François Georges Baby (1832–1906), Canadian politician and judge

M. A. Baby (born 1954), Indian politician

Sachin Baby (born 1988), Indian cricketer

François Baby (businessman)
François Baby (4 October 1733 – 6 October 1820) was a fur trader and political figure in what was called New France, early Quebec, and Lower Canada. Born in Montreal, he was part of an ethnic French family that had been fur trading in New France since the late 17th century.
Phineas Upham House
The Phineas Upham House is a historic house at 255 Upham Street in Melrose, Massachusetts.  Built in the early 18th century, it is a well preserved example of First Period architecture.  Owned by a family association, it is only occasionally open to the public.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

First Period architecture
First Period is an American architectural style that flourished between 1626 and 1725, used primarily by British colonists during the Colonial era, particularly in Massachusetts and Virginia. Essex County, Massachusetts, has the highest number of preserved First Period buildings.
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon.  It is a colorless liquid with a sweet chloroform-like odor.  It is used as a solvent and in the production of wood stains and varnishes. It is an isomer of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.

It was likely discovered by Auguste Laurent along with the 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane isomer and trichloroethylene in 1836. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane was named "perchloride of formyl" in Leopold Gmelin's Hand-book of Chemistry, the same name was also used for chloroform.

Varnish
Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not to be confused with wood stain. It usually has a yellowish shade due to the manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired. It is sold commercially in various shades.

Varnish is primarily used as a wood finish where, stained or not, the distinctive tones and grains in the wood are intended to be visible. Varnish finishes are naturally glossy, but satin/semi-gloss and flat sheens are available.
George Meads
George Meads (7 July 1797 at Lindfield, Sussex – 30 July 1881 at Brighton, Sussex) was an English professional cricketer who played from 1825 to 1836. He was mainly associated with Sussex and made 14 known appearances in important matches.

Lindfield, West Sussex
Lindfield is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. The parish lies 1 mile (2 km) to the north-east of Haywards Heath, and stands on the upper reaches of the River Ouse. The name 'Lindfield' means 'open land with lime trees.'

The parish Church, All Saints, stands at the top of the High Street and its history goes back to 1098. One of the oldest houses in the village is Church House, formerly known as The Tiger, and still referred to as "The Tiger" by Lindfield residents.
The two schools in Lindfield are Lindfield Primary Academy and Black Thorns. 
It is classified as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Ezogelin soup
Ezogelin soup or Ezo gelin soup (Turkish: Ezogelin çorbası, "the soup of Ezo the bride") is a common soup in Turkish cuisine. The main ingredients are bulgur and red lentils. The origin of the soup is attributed to Ezo the bride from Gaziantep.

Common ingredients include red lentils, rice, bulgur, olive oil, onion, garlic, tomato, tomato paste, paprika, Aleppo pepper, dried mint, black pepper, and salt; it is usually served with lemon wedges.

Tomato paste
Tomato paste is a thick paste made from tomatoes, which are cooked for several hours to reduce water content. The seeds and skins are then strained out and the liquid is cooked again to reduce the base to a thick, rich concentrate. Tomato paste is used to impart an intense tomato flavour to a variety of dishes, such as pasta, soups and braised meat. It is used as an ingredient in many world cuisines.

By contrast, tomato purée is a liquid with a thinner consistency than tomato paste, while tomato sauce is even thinner in consistency.
Oliver Johnson (writer)
Oliver Johnson (December 27, 1809 – December 10, 1889) was an American abolitionist, journalist, editor, lecturer, and Underground Railroad conductor who was once described as the "first lieutenant" of William Lloyd Garrison, the editor of The Liberator newspaper. Johnson regarded slavery as the "sum of all villainies" and in the period leading up to the American Civil War was so loathed in the south that "as quiet as a Quaker in his personal disposition, yet the time was...when Oliver Johnson would have lost his life within forty-eight hours after crossing Mason and Dixon's line." In 1844 Johnson was publisher of the American edition of the Narrative of the Life of Moses Grandy. Johnson wrote a biography of his friend and colleague called Garrison: An Outline of His Life. After the war, Johnson was employed as an editor and writer at various New York-based newspapers including the Tribune and the Independent.

The Liberator (newspaper)
The Liberator (1831–1865) was a weekly abolitionist newspaper, printed and published in Boston by William Lloyd Garrison and, through 1839, by Isaac Knapp. Religious rather than political, it appealed to the moral conscience of its readers, urging them to demand immediate freeing of the slaves ("immediatism"). It also promoted women's rights, an issue that split the American abolitionist movement. Despite its modest circulation of 3,000, it had prominent and influential readers, including all the abolitionist leaders, among them Frederick Douglass, Beriah Green, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Alfred Niger. It frequently printed or reprinted letters, reports, sermons, and news stories relating to American slavery, becoming a sort of community bulletin board for the new abolitionist movement that Garrison helped foster.
Polonaises Op. 40 (Chopin)
The twin Op. 40 Polonaises of the Polonaise in A major, Op. 40, No. 1 (nicknamed the Military Polonaise) and the Polonaise in C minor, Op. 40, No. 2 were composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1838. The one in A major he originally intended to dedicate to Tytus Woyciechowski, but in the end Chopin placed Julian Fontana’s name as the dedicatee on both works.

Arthur Rubinstein remarked that the Polonaise in A major is the symbol of Polish glory, whilst the Polonaise in C minor is the symbol of Polish tragedy.

Tytus Woyciechowski
Tytus Sylwester Woyciechowski (31 December 1808 – 23 March 1879) was a Polish political activist, agriculturalist, and patron of art. He was an early friend — and possible lover — of the Polish composer Frédéric Chopin.

The spelling of Woyciechowski's surname is an archaic version of the more common "Wojciechowski", with a "y" instead of a "j".
Nigel Hayes-Davis
Nigel Hayes-Davis (né Hayes; born December 16, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for Panathinaikos of the Greek Basketball League and the EuroLeague. He attended Whitmer High School in Toledo, Ohio and played college basketball for the Wisconsin Badgers.

A two-time All-EuroLeague First Team selection, Hayes-Davis holds the record for most points scored in a EuroLeague game, having scored 50 points against Alba Berlin in the 2023–24 season. He won the EuroLeague championship in 2025 with Fenerbahçe, earning the Final Four MVP award in the process.

AS Monaco Basket
AS Monaco Basket, commonly referred to as AS Monaco or simply Monaco, is a French-registered Monaco-based professional basketball club. They are a part of the Monaco-based multi-sports club of A.S. Monaco, which was founded in 1924.

The club's basketball section was founded four years later in 1928, and it currently competes in the French top-tier level LNB Pro A and the EuroLeague. Monaco plays their home games at Salle Gaston Médecin.

Monaco was the runner-up of the EuroLeague in 2025, and has won the EuroCup title in 2021, one French Cup in 2023, and three Leaders Cups.
Charlie Ferguson (footballer, born 1910)
Charles Ferguson (1910–1995) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside forward. Ferguson spent his pre-war years with Middlesbrough, Notts County and Luton Town, playing for Arbroath, Dumbarton and Aberdeen during the Second World War and Dundee United briefly after it. Moving to North Shields for work purposes, Ferguson went on to become a scout with Burnley and Sunderland.

Ferguson died in 1995 aged 84.

North Shields
North Shields (/ʃiːlz/ SHEELZ) is a town in the borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Newcastle upon Tyne and borders nearby Wallsend and Tynemouth. The population of North Shields at the 2021 census was 6,137.

Since 1974, it has been in the North Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear: its historic administration was as part of the Castle ward in county of Northumberland. It was part of the Tynemouth County Borough; when abolished in 1974, the borough became an unparished area.

It is on the northern bank of the River Tyne, opposite to South Shields on the other bank.  The name derives from Middle English schele meaning "temporary sheds or huts used by fishermen".
Katanin
Katanin is a microtubule-severing AAA protein. It is named after the Japanese sword called a katana. Katanin is a heterodimeric protein first discovered in sea urchins.  It contains a 60 kDa ATPase subunit, encoded by KATNA1, which functions to sever microtubules.  This subunit requires ATP and the presence of microtubules for activation.  The second 80 kDA subunit, encoded by KATNB1, regulates the activity of the ATPase and localizes the protein to centrosomes. Electron microscopy shows that katanin forms 14–16 nm rings in its active oligomerized state on the walls of microtubules (although not around the microtubule).

Katana
A katana (刀, かたな; lit. 'one-sided blade') is a Japanese sword characterized by a curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands. Developed later than the tachi, it was used by samurai in feudal Japan and worn with the edge facing upward. Since the Muromachi period, many old tachi were cut from the root and shortened, and the blade at the root was crushed and converted into a katana. The specific term for katana in Japan is uchigatana (打刀, うちがたな; lit. 'striking sword') and the term katana (刀) often refers to single-edged swords from around the world.
François Robichon de La Guérinière
François Robichon de La Guérinière (1688–1751) was a French riding master who had a profound effect on accepted methods for horse training, and one of the most influential writers on the art of dressage.

Horse training
Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when commanded to do so by humans. Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities, ranging anywhere from equine sports such as horse racing, dressage, or jumping, to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.

Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport purposes. Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits. Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.

There is controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods. Some techniques are considered cruel and others are considered humane.