hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russkaya Beseda
Russkaya Beseda (Russian: Ру′сская бесе′да, English: The Russian Colloquy) was a Russian literary magazine founded in Moscow, Russian Empire, in 1856 by Alexander Koshelev who remained its editor-in-chief until 1858, when Ivan Aksakov joined in as co-editor. The magazine was published on a bi-monthly basis and was belonged to the Slavophile movement; most prominent in it were the literature, science and criticism sections. Selskoye Blagoustroistvo (Agrarian landscaping) was added as a supplement in 1858–1859. Russkaya Beseda targeted for broad and mixed readership and but, frequently covered articles about the future of the Slavic peoples. Among the authors who regularly contributed to the magazine, were Sergei Aksakov, Vladimir Dal, Aleksey K. Tolstoy, Alexander Ostrovsky, Aleksey Khomyakov, Fyodor Tyutchev, Ivan Nikitin, Taras Shevchenko. It ceased publication in 1860.

Vladimir Dal
Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (Russian: Владимир Иванович Даль, [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɨˈvanəvʲɪdʑ ˈdalʲ]; 22 November 1801 – 4 October 1872) was a Russian lexicographer, speaker of many languages, Turkologist, and founding member of the Russian Geographical Society. During his lifetime, he compiled and documented Russian oral traditions, many of which became part of modern folklore.
Collapsing algebra
In mathematics, a collapsing algebra is a type of Boolean algebra sometimes used in forcing to reduce ("collapse") the size of cardinals. The posets used to generate collapsing algebras were introduced by Azriel Lévy in 1963.

The collapsing algebra of λω is a complete Boolean algebra with at least λ elements but generated by a countable number of elements. As the size of countably generated complete Boolean algebras is unbounded, this shows that there is no free complete Boolean algebra on a countable number of elements.

Partially ordered set
In mathematics, especially order theory, a partial order on a set is an arrangement such that, for certain pairs of elements, one precedes the other. The word partial is used to indicate that not every pair of elements needs to be comparable; that is, there may be pairs for which neither element precedes the other. Partial orders thus generalize total orders, in which every pair is comparable.

Formally, a partial order is a homogeneous binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. A partially ordered set (poset for short) is an ordered pair  consisting of a set  (called the ground set of ) and a partial order  on . When the meaning is clear from context and there is no ambiguity about the partial order, the set  itself is sometimes called a poset.
Kalvaitis
Kalvaitis (Kalvaitytė, Kalvaitienė) is a Lithuanian-language surname derived from the word kalvis, "blacksmith". 
It was  Polonized  as Kailoweit, Kallwejt, Kalwajt, Kalwajtys, Kałwajtys, Kalweit, Kallweit, Kalwejt.
Notable people with this surname include:

Irena Kalvaitytė (born 1927), Lithuanian ballet dancer and teacher

Juozas Kalvaitis (1842-1900) one of the first Lithuanian professional musicians and composers

Paulina Radziulytė-Kalvaitienė (1905 – 1986), Lithuanian athlete and basketball player

Paulina Kalvaitytė, a founder of the Lithuanian Women's Council

Lithuanian Women's Council
The Lithuanian Women's Council (Lithuanian: Lietuvos moterų taryba) or LMT was an umbrella organization of various women's societies and organizations in interwar Lithuania. Established in 1929, it represented democratic and social-democratic ideas, as women Catholics had their own umbrella organization, established in 1922. LMT became a member of the International Council of Women and represented Lithuania in various international congresses. The council was financed by the government and included many wives of politicians of the authoritarian regime of President Antanas Smetona. As such, it did not actively protest government policies even if they were detrimental to women. The most significant political victory of LMT was prohibition of prostitution in 1935. The organization was dissolved after the occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union in June 1940.
Ayn Ghazal (village)
Ayn Ghazal (Arabic: عين غزال, "Spring of the Gazelle") was a Palestinian Arab village located 21 kilometers (13 mi) south of Haifa. Depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War as a result of an Israeli military assault during Operation Shoter, the village was then completely destroyed. Incorporated into the State of Israel, it is now mostly a forested area. The Israeli moshav of Ofer ("fawn") was established in 1950 on part of the former village's lands. Ein Ayala, a moshav established in 1949, lies just adjacent; its name being the Hebrew translation of Ayn Ghazal.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Pedro Henrique (footballer, born November 1985)
Pedro Henrique Martins Cassia (born November 1, 1985) is a Brazilian footballer.

Pedro began his career in 2007 with Paulista, and soon was loaned to several clubs, such as Lausanne Sports, Fortaleza and Santa Cruz.

He transferred to Bragantino in July 2009. Soon after he transferred to Rio Claro in January 2010, Pedro decided to make another move. He joined Jiangsu Sainty in February. And after one season with the club he joined Volta Redonda in Brazilian Série D. On 26 July 2011 he joined the Swedish club Kalmar FF.

Rio Claro Futebol Clube
Rio Claro Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as Rio Claro, is a Brazilian professional association football club based in Rio Claro, São Paulo. The team competes in Campeonato Paulista Série A3, the third tier of the São Paulo state football league.

The club's home colours are blue and white and the team mascot is a rooster.
Myrskylä (village)
The Myrskylä church village (also known as Myrskylä; Finnish: Myrskylän kirkonkylä, Swedish: Mörskom kyrkoby) is a village and the administrative center in the municipality by the same name in Eastern Uusimaa. It is located on the western shore of a lake called Kirkkojärvi. The center of the nearest town, Orimattila, is less than 20 kilometers to the north.

The village is home to the Myrskylä Church, which was inaugurated in 1803. Many other of the municipality's main services are also located in the church village, including the Sale grocery store, health center, pharmacy, library and the Osuuspankki bank. The village also has an elementary school founded in 1872.

OP Financial Group
OP Financial Group is one of the largest financial companies in Finland. It consists of 180 cooperative banks and their central organization. "OP" stands for "osuuspankki" in Finnish, literally meaning "cooperative bank". The financial group has over 2 million customer-owners, offering retail and commercial banking services all over Finland, as well as insurance services.

In 2014 the group acquired the remainder of the shares of Pohjola Bank and consolidated its services under the OP brand, shortening its name to OP from OP-Pohjola, a name it had used since 2007.

OP's current headquarters are located in Vallila, Helsinki, and opened in 2015.

OP has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.
Karasakız
Karasakız is a native Turkish red wine grape variety grown primarily in Bozcaada (Tenedos) and the northern Aegean Region, including the Gelibolu Peninsula. In Bozcaada, it is known almost exclusively as Kuntra.

Historically, Karasakız was the primary grape used for brandy and cognac production by the state-owned Tekel Spirit Factory until the factory's privatization. In recent years, it has seen a revival, with producers creating varietal wines, rosés, and sparkling wines.

Tekel
Tekel A.Ş. (Turkish, literally single-hand or monopoly and generally capitalised as TEKEL) was a Turkish tobacco and alcoholic beverages company. It was nationalised in 1925 from a parastatal (government owned/controlled) company, the Régie. A joint foreign and Ottoman consortium, the Régie was short for "La Société de la régie co-intéressée des tabacs de l'Empire Ottoman".

Tekel evolved into the sole manufacturer and distributor of all alcohol and tobacco products in Turkey. Later on, Tekel was no longer a monopoly; however it had controlled taxing and distribution of all alcohol and tobacco products in Turkey until the end. The taxation department was handed over to the Turkish Revenue Administration after privatisation.

In 2008, it was sold to British American Tobacco and discontinued as a trademark in cigarettes, wines, liquors or other products, although some of its brand names are still used without the word "Tekel" preceding them; like the Buzbağ wine.
Radino, Kursk Oblast
Radino (Russian: Радино) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Lebyazhensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  40 (2010 Census); 56 (2002 Census);

Kursky District, Kursk Oblast
Kursky District (Russian: Ку́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,657.29 square kilometers (639.88 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 54,521 (2021 Census); 54,778 (2010 Census);  56,494 (2002 Census); 56,701 (1989 Soviet census).
Foroni Verona FC
Foroni Verona Football Club was an Italian women's football club from Verona.

Founded in 1989 as A.C. Foroni, it reached Serie A in 1999, and soon became one of the leading Italian teams in the first half of the 2000s, winning two championships in 2003 and 2004 preceded by two silver medals and the 2002 national cup. However, it was disbanded at its peak in 2004. As the national champion it represented Italy in the 2004 European Cup.

Notable players include internationals Paola Brumana, Elisa Camporese, Chiara Gazzoli, Rita Guarino, Katia Serra, Simona Sodini and Alessia Tuttino.

2003–04 UEFA Women's Cup
The UEFA Women's Cup 2003–04 was the third edition of the UEFA Women's Cup. It was convincingly won by reigning champions Umeå IK of Sweden in a two-legged final against Frankfurt of Germany. Both sides were aiming for their second win in the tournament.
R. H. Rodgers
Robert Howard Rodgers (May 24, 1944 - February 20, 2024) was an American philologist who was emeritus professor of classics at the University of Vermont. His edition of Frontinus's De Aquaeductu Urbis Romae on Roman aqueducts was the first detailed commentary on the work for almost 300 years. He has also produced notable editions of works on ancient agriculture by Palladius and Columella.

Reviewers have appreciated the thoroughness of his work, which he combined with many bold emendations and conjectures in order to make texts with difficult and contested histories more coherent and readable. Some, however, have wished that he had done more to acknowledge alternative perspectives on Roman technical literature which would have added an extra layer of interest to his work.

Frontinus
Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40 – 103 AD) was a Roman civil engineer, author, soldier and senator of the late 1st century AD. He was a successful general under Domitian, commanding forces in Roman Britain, and on the Rhine and Danube frontiers. A novus homo, he was consul three times. Frontinus ably discharged several important administrative duties for Nerva and Trajan. However, he is best known to the post-Classical world as an author of technical treatises, especially De aquaeductu, dealing with the aqueducts of Rome.
Flask (unit)
Flask is a British unit of mass or weight in the avoirdupois system, used to measure mercury. It is defined as 76 pounds (34 kg). Near room temperature, a flask of mercury occupies a volume of approximately 2.5451 litres (86.060 US fl oz; 89.575 imp fl oz).

Room temperature
Room temperature, colloquially, denotes the range of air temperatures most people find comfortable indoors while dressed in typical clothing. Comfortable temperatures can be extended beyond this range depending on humidity, air circulation, and other factors.

In certain fields, like science and engineering, and within a particular context, room temperature can mean different agreed-upon ranges. In contrast, ambient temperature is the actual temperature, as measured by a thermometer, of the air (or other medium and surroundings) in any particular place. The ambient temperature (e.g. an unheated room in winter) may be very different from an ideal room temperature.

Food and beverages may be served at "room temperature", meaning neither heated nor cooled.
Viola R. MacMillan
Violet Rita "Viola" MacMillan (née Huggard; 23 April 1903 – 26 August 1993) was a Canadian mineral prospector and mining financier. During her career, she was one of few women in the mining industry, was the first female member and, later, president of the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada, and the first woman inducted into the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame.

Prospecting
Prospecting is the first stage of the geological analysis (followed by exploration) of a territory. It is the search for minerals, fossils, precious metals, or mineral specimens. It is also known as fossicking.

Traditionally prospecting relied on direct observation of mineralization in rock outcrops or in sediments. Modern prospecting also includes the use of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical tools to search for anomalies which can narrow the search area. Once an anomaly has been identified and interpreted to be a potential prospect direct observation can then be focused on this area.

In some areas a prospector must also stake a claim, meaning they must erect posts with the appropriate placards on all four corners of a desired land they wish to prospect and register this claim before they may take samples. In other areas publicly held lands are open to prospecting without staking a mining claim.
Fossil Creek Bridge
Fossil Creek Bridge is a closed-spandrel deck arch bridge built in the U.S. state of Arizona during 1924–25  on Cottonwood-Camp Verde-Pine road across Fossil Creek.  The road, also known as Fossil Creek Road, crosses the creek at a point where it forms the border between Yavapai and Gila counties, and between the Tonto and the Prescott National Forests.  The nearest town is Strawberry in Gila County.  It is not far from Camp Verde in Yavapai County.

It has a 70-foot (21 m) span, a 14-foot (4.3 m) arch rise, Luten arch-like reinforcing and bulkheads.  It cost $10,037 to build. It was designed by the Arizona Highway Department early in 1924 and completed later that year.

Pine, Arizona
Pine is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Gila County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,953 at the 2020 census. Pine was established by four Mormon families in 1879.

Pine and the adjacent community of Strawberry are rapidly growing vacation and retirement centers in north-central Arizona, below the Mogollon Rim. Pine's elevation is 5,369 feet (1,636 m), and the Pine post office was established in 1884.
New York City's 50th City Council district
New York City's 50th City Council district is one of 51 districts in the New York City Council. It has been represented by Republican David Carr since the end of 2021. Carr was the chief of staff to former Councilman Steven Matteo. Matteo was term-limited in 2021 and ran unsuccessfully for Staten Island Borough President.

2021 New York City borough president elections
The 2021 New York City borough president elections were held on November 2, 2021. Four of the five incumbent borough presidents were unable to run for reelection due to term limits. Only the Queens borough president was eligible to seek re-election after winning a special election in 2020 (and won re-election).
Alexandre Julliard
Alexandre Julliard (born 1970) is a computer programmer who is best known as the project leader for Wine, a compatibility layer to run Microsoft Windows programs on Unix-like operating systems.

Julliard studied computer science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. He spent most of the 1990s working on embedded systems. He now works full-time on Wine for CodeWeavers.

Julliard enjoys astronomy and lives in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Compatibility layer
In software engineering, a compatibility layer is an interface that allows binaries for a legacy or foreign system to run on a host system. This translates system calls for the foreign system into native system calls for the host system. With some libraries for the foreign system, this will often be sufficient to run foreign binaries on the host system. A hardware compatibility layer consists of tools that allow hardware emulation.
UFC 55
UFC 55: Fury was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on October 7, 2005 at the Mohegan Sun Arena in Uncasville, Connecticut. The event was broadcast live on pay-per-view in the United States, and later released on DVD. This would be the last UFC to air live on a Friday until UFC 141, which aired on December 30, 2011.

Mohegan Sun Arena
The Mohegan Sun Arena is a 10,000 seat multi-purpose arena in the Uncasville area of Montville, Connecticut located inside the Mohegan Sun casino resort. The arena facility features 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) of configurable exhibition space and a 400-foot (120 m) clear span. It was built by the Perini Building Company, and opened in October 2001. The arena is home to the Connecticut Sun of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).
Nowiny, Kościerzyna County
Nowiny [nɔˈvinɨ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kiszewa, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kościerzyna County
Kościerzyna County (Kashubian: Kòscérsczi kréz, Polish: powiat kościerski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kościerzyna, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. Its borders equal approximately the borders of the old Marquessate of Berent in the German Empire.

The county covers an area of 1,165.85 square kilometres (450.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 72,589, out of which the population of Kościerzyna is 23,776, and the rural population is 48,813.

Kościerzyna County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kościerzyna County is bordered by Kartuzy County to the north, Gdańsk County and Starogard County to the east, Chojnice County to the south, and Bytów County to the west.
2015 CS Finlandia Trophy
The 2015 Finlandia Trophy was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2015–16 season. A part of the 2015–16 ISU Challenger Series, the 20th edition of the annual event was held on October 9–11, 2015 at the Barona Areena in Espoo. October 8 was an unofficial practice day. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, ice dancing, and synchronized skating.

Espoo Metro Areena
Espoo Metro Areena (known from 1999 to January 2009 as LänsiAuto Areena, and from 2009 to October 2015 as Barona Areena) is an arena in the Tapiola District of Espoo, Finland. The arena is part of the Tapiolan Urheilupuisto (Tapiola Sports Park). It was inaugurated in 1999 and holds 6,982 people for ice-hockey games or up to 8,000 for concerts.
Haw Creek Leather Company
Haw Creek Leather Company is a historic factory building in Columbus, Indiana.  It was built between 1914 and 1916, and is a two-story, brick industrial building.  It sits on a raised basement and has a flat roof.  It features arched window openings.  The Haw Creek Leather Company operated a tannery at this location until 1955.: 5, 7

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Orthotonophonium
The orthotonophonium is a free reed aerophone similar to a harmonium with 72 (sometimes 53) keys per octave, that can be played all diatonic key intervals and chords using just intonation. The instrument was created in 1914 by German physicist Arthur von Oettingen to advance his theories of harmonic dualism.

Riemannian theory
Riemannian theory, in general, refers to the musical theories of German theorist Hugo Riemann (1849–1919). His theoretical writings cover many topics, including musical logic, notation, harmony, melody, phraseology, the history of music theory, etc. More particularly, the term Riemannian theory often refers to his theory of harmony, characterized mainly by its dualism and by a concept of harmonic functions.
Javorje pri Blagovici
Javorje pri Blagovici (pronounced [ˈjaːʋɔɾjɛ pɾi blaˈɡoːʋitsi]) is a small settlement in the hills northeast of Blagovica in the Municipality of Lukovica in the eastern part of the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Municipality of Lukovica
The Municipality of Lukovica (pronounced [ˈluːkɔʋitsa]; Slovene: Občina Lukovica) is a municipality in the eastern part of the Upper Carniola region in Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is Lukovica pri Domžalah. It lies on the main road from Ljubljana to Celje and has been an independent municipality since 1994.
USS Long Beach
Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Long Beach, after the city of Long Beach, California:

USS Long Beach (AK-9), launched in 1892 as SS Yarrowdale, was a German cargo ship seized in 1917, in use until 1921, and sold the following year.

USS Long Beach (PF-34), launched in 1943, was a Tacoma-class frigate that saw use from 1943 to 1945, before being loaned to the Soviet Navy and then in 1962 to the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as Shii.

USS Long Beach (CGN-9), launched in 1959, was the first nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser in the world, serving from 1961 to 1995, including service in the Vietnam War and Gulf War.

USS Long Beach (AK-9)
USS Long Beach (AK-9) was a cargo steamship that was built in England in 1892 as Yarrowdale, passed through a succession of British, Greek and German owners, and was seized by the United States in 1917. She served in the US Navy until 1921, then in the US Merchant Marine, and was scrapped in 1924. She was called Nicolaos Castriotis in Greek ownership, Hohenfelde in German ownership, and Golden Gate from 1923.