hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikon D5100
The Nikon D5100 is a 16.2-megapixel DX-format DSLR F-mount camera announced by Nikon on April 5, 2011. It features the same 16.2-megapixel CMOS sensor as the D7000 with 14-bit depth, while delivering Full HD 1080p video mode at either 24, 25 or 30 fps. The D5100 is the first Nikon DSLR to offer 1080p video at a choice of frame rates; previous Nikon DSLRs that recorded 1080p only did so at 24 fps. It replaced the D5000 and was replaced by the D5200.

Raw image format
A camera raw image file is a file that contains unprocessed data straight from a digital camera. Such data can later be changed into a photo, either within a digital camera itself or by usage of external tools. Raw files are so named because they are not yet processed, and contain large amounts of potentially redundant data. Normally, the image is processed by a raw converter, in a wide-gamut internal color space where precise adjustments can be made before conversion to a viewable photos for storage, printing, or further manipulation. There are dozens of raw formats in use by different manufacturers of digital image capture equipment.
Port Jackson Pidgin English
Port Jackson Pidgin English or New South Wales Pidgin English was an English-based pidgin that originated in the region of Sydney and Newcastle in New South Wales in the early days of colonisation. Stockmen carried it west and north as they expanded across Australia. It subsequently died out in most of the country, but was creolized forming Australian Kriol in the Northern Territory at the Roper River Mission in Ngukurr, where missionaries provided a safe place for Indigenous Australians from the surrounding areas to escape deprivation at the hands of European settlers. As the Aboriginal Australians who came to seek refuge at the Roper River Mission spoke different languages, there grew a need for a shared communication system to develop, and it was this that created the conditions for Port Jackson Pidgin English to become fleshed out into a full language, Kriol, based on the English language and the eight different Australian language groups spoken by those at the mission.

Bound and free morphemes
In linguistics, a bound morpheme is a morpheme (the elementary unit of morphosyntax) that can appear only as part of a larger expression, while a free morpheme (or unbound morpheme) is one that can stand alone. A bound morpheme is a type of bound form, and a free morpheme is a type of free form.
Fayetteville Mustangs
The Fayetteville Mustangs were a professional indoor football team based in Fayetteville, North Carolina, playing their home games at Crown Coliseum. The Mustangs began play as members of the National Arena League in 2023.

On August 24, 2022, the National Arena League announced the Fayetteville Mustangs as an expansion franchise for the upcoming 2023 National Arena League season However, the team withdrew from their inaugural season after playing eight games due to financial difficulties with hopes to return in 2024.

Fayetteville, North Carolina
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil, locally /ˈfɛdvəl/ FED-vəl) is a city in and the county seat of Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. Fort Bragg, a U.S. Army installation, is located in the city.

Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League four times. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 208,501. It is the 6th-most populous city in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape Fear River.

With an estimated population of 392,336 in 2023, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the second-most populous city in southeastern North Carolina and the 142nd-most populous in the United States. Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover.
John Salas
John Camacho Salas (January 1948 – January 26, 2018) was a Guamanian educator, academic administrator, and politician. He served as Senator in the Legislature of Guam for two terms during the 25th and 26th Guam Legislatures from January 1999 until January 2003. Salas also served as the first provost of Vocational High School (now known as Guam Community College) and the President of the University of Guam.

Legislature of Guam
The Legislature of Guam (Chamorro: Lehislaturan Guåhan) is the law-making body for the United States territory of Guam. The unicameral legislative branch consists of fifteen senators, each serving for a two-year term. All members of the legislature are elected at-large with the island under one whole district.  After the enactment of the Guam Organic Act in 1950, the First Guam Legislature was elected composing of 21 elected members. The current fifteen-member 38th Guam Legislature (Chamorro: I Mina' Trentai Siette Na Lehislaturan Guåhan) was elected in November 2024.

The next election will be in 2026.
Turkish salvar
Turkish şalvar (pronounced shalvar, Turkish: [ʃalˈvaɾ]), Turkish trousers or dimiye are traditional baggy trousers gathered in tightly at the ankle. They are part of Turkish folk dress.

Men may wear the traditional loose coat, called jubba, over the şalvar. Other upper garments are also worn over or under the şalvar.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Westernized the dress code in Turkey in the 1920s as part of his reforms. However, men and women still wear the şalvar in many areas of Turkey, indifferent to social status.

Similar pants in other cultures include the tshalvar, schalwar, salwar kameez, patiala salwar, shintijan, sirwal, sharovary, aladdin pants, balloon pants, drop crotch pants, pantaloons, zouave, tobi trousers, pluderhose and pumphose.

Thawb
A thawb, also known as a dishdashah or a kandura in other varieties of Arabic, is a garment traditionally worn by men in the Arab world. It is a long-sleeved, ankle-length robe that has regional variations in name and style. It can be worn in formal or informal settings, depending on the social and cultural norms in question; thawbs are the main formal attire for men in Saudi Arabia. Outside of the Arab world, the garment has been adopted in a number of Muslim-majority areas, particularly in the Indian subcontinent, where it is commonly referred to as a jubbah and is frequently worn by those who regard it as sunnah (i.e., something practiced, spoken, or observed by Muhammad, the founding Islamic prophet) due to its modest appearance.
Alpha max plus beta min algorithm
The alpha max plus beta min algorithm is a high-speed approximation of the square root of the sum of two squares. The square root of the sum of two squares, also known as Pythagorean addition, is a useful function, because it finds the hypotenuse of a right triangle given the two side lengths, the norm of a 2-D vector, or the magnitude  of a complex number z = a + bi given the real and imaginary parts.

The algorithm avoids performing the square and square-root operations, instead using simple operations such as comparison, multiplication, and addition. Some choices of the α and β parameters of the algorithm allow the multiplication operation to be reduced to a simple shift of binary digits that is particularly well suited to implementation in high-speed digital circuitry.

Magnitude (mathematics)
In mathematics, the magnitude or size of a mathematical object is a property which determines whether the object is larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. More formally, an object's magnitude is the displayed result of an ordering (or ranking) of the class of objects to which it belongs. Magnitude as a concept dates to Ancient Greece and has been applied as a measure of distance from one object to another. For numbers, the absolute value of a number is commonly applied as the measure of units between a number and zero.

In vector spaces, the Euclidean norm is a measure of magnitude used to define a distance between two points in space. In physics, magnitude can be defined as quantity or distance. An order of magnitude is typically defined as a unit of distance between one number and another's numerical places on the decimal scale.
Misor
Misor was the name of a deity appearing in a theogeny provided by Roman era Phoenician writer Philo of Byblos in an account preserved by Eusebius in Praeparatio Evangelica, and attributed to the still earlier Sanchuniathon. He was one of two children of the deities Amunos and Magos. The other named was Sydyk. It is said that these two were the first to discover the use of salt. The names "Misor" and "Sydyk" mean "Straight" and "Just" (or, in another translation, "Well-freed" and "Just").

Misor's son was named Taautus, and believed to be the inventor of the first written alphabet.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
Krasnodar (air base)
Krasnodar is a Russian Air Force airbase located northwest of Krasnodar, Krasnodar Krai, Russia.

The base is home to the 275th Aviation Repair Plant, and formerly home to the 802nd Training Aviation Regiment between 1952 and 1993 which flew the Sukhoi Su-25 (ASCC: Frogfoot) and the Aero L-39 Albatros.

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
Gene McDowell
Eugene McDowell (July 4, 1939 – January 26, 2021) was an American college football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at University of Central Florida (UCF) from 1985 to 1997, compiling a record of 86–61. McDowell was also the athletic director at UCF from 1985 to 1992.

McDowell died of leukemia on January 26, 2021, in Quincy, Florida.

Quincy, Florida
Quincy is a city in and the county seat of Gadsden County, Florida, United States. Quincy is part of the Tallahassee, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,970 as of the 2020 census, almost even from 7,972 at the 2010 census.
West Scottsdale, Tasmania
West Scottsdale is a rural locality in the local government area of Dorset in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of the town of Scottsdale. The 2016 census determined a population of 58 for the state suburb of West Scottsdale.

Dorset Council (Australia)
Dorset Council is a local government body in Tasmania, located in the far north-east of the state mainland. Dorset is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 6,652. The major towns and localities of the region include Bridport, Derby and Ringarooma with Scottsdale the regional centre. Dorset was placed under a board of inquiry on 2 August 2023 and is currently under the supervision of commissioner Wardlaw. The current general manager is John Marik.
2003 Palanca Awards
The 53rd Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held on September 1, 2003, at The Peninsula Manila in Makati to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. National Artist for Literature Virgilio S. Almario was Guest of Honor and Speaker at this year’s awarding ceremony.

Reynaldo A. Duque was this year's Palanca Hall of Fame awardee. Duque clinched his fifth first prize for “Apong Simon” under the Maikling Kwento category. The said award is given to writers who have won five (5) first places in any category.

LIST OF WINNERS

The 2003 winners are divided into four categories:

The Peninsula Manila
The Peninsula Manila (colloquially known as the Manila Peninsula or simply Manila Pen) is a 5-star luxury hotel in the Philippines. It is located on the corner of Ayala Avenue and Makati Avenue in the Makati Central Business District, falling under the jurisdiction of Barangay Urdaneta. The hotel is part of The Peninsula Hotels chain based in Hong Kong and is the first hotel of that chain outside the Chinese territory.
Adam Le Fondre
Glenville Adam James Le Fondre (born 2 December 1986) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Northern Premier League club FC United of Manchester.

He previously played for his hometown club Stockport County as well as Rochdale, Rotherham United, and Reading. He is also known by the nicknames ALF or, subsequently, Alfie, derived from his initials.

As of 2021, Le Fondre owns the fourth-best career minutes-per-goal ratio in Premier League history, at 124.4. He netted 12 times in his only season in the English top flight in 2012–13.

Le Fondre is the first, and as of May 2025 only, player to have scored in the English Premier League, the Northern Premier League, the Scottish Premiership, the A-League, the Indian Super League and all 3 divisions of the EFL.

2009–10 in English football
The 2009–2010 season was the 130th season of competitive football in England.

The 2009 season officially began on 8 August 2009 for the Championship, League One, League Two and the Premier League. The Championship season finished on 2 May 2010, with the Premier League, League One and League Two concluding on the weekend of 8–9 May.
Adèle de Ponthieu
Adèle de Ponthieu is the name of several operas set to the same libretto:

Adèle de Ponthieu (1772) by Jean-Benjamin de La Borde and Pierre Montan Berton

Adèle de Ponthieu (1773) by Joseph Starzer

Adèle de Ponthieu (1781) by Niccolò Piccinni

Adèle de Ponthieu (1887) by André Wormser

Jean-Benjamin de La Borde
Jean-Benjamin François de la Borde (5 September 1734 – 22 July 1794) was a French composer, writer on music and fermier général (farm tax collector). Born into an aristocratic family, he studied violin under Antoine Dauvergne and composition under Jean-Philippe Rameau. From 1762 to 1774, he served at the court of Louis XV as premier valet de la chambre, losing his post on the death of the king. He wrote many operas, mostly comic, and a four-volume collection of songs for solo voice, Choix de chansons mises en musique illustrated by Jean-Michel Moreau. Many of the songs from the collection were later published individually through the efforts of the English folksong collector Lucy Etheldred Broadwood. His Essai sur la musique ancienne et moderne was published in 1780. La Borde was guillotined during the French Revolution in 1794.
1820 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1820 Maine gubernatorial election took place on April 3, 1820.  It was the first election for Governor of Maine, taking place after Maine separated from Massachusetts and was recognized as a state on March 15, 1820.  Maine's separation from Massachusetts came as a result of The Missouri Compromise.  This election saw the virtually unanimous election of William King, the man most chiefly responsible for the push for Maine statehood.  He had no opponents.

William King (Maine governor)
William King (February 9, 1768 – June 17, 1852) was an American merchant, shipbuilder, army officer, and statesman from Bath, Maine. A proponent of statehood for Maine, he became its first governor when it separated from Massachusetts in 1820. He was the half-brother of Rufus King, who was a member of the Confederation Congress from Massachusetts, delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, served as United States Senator from New York (from 1789 to 1796 and again from 1813 to 1825), and as Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of St. James from 1796 to 1803 and again from 1825 to 1826.
Brighton High School (Colorado)
Brighton High School (BHS) is a secondary school located on South 8th Avenue in the heart of Brighton, Colorado, United States. It is one of three main high schools in the Brighton 27J School District,

27J Schools
27J Schools is a school district headquartered in Brighton, Colorado. The district was established in 1959 when several existing school districts were consolidated. Will Pierce is currently the superintendent.

The district includes sections of Adams County, Weld County, and Broomfield. In addition to Brighton it serves Aurora, Commerce City, Henderson, and Thornton.

In August 2018 the district switched a four-day school week. In that period the district had around 18,000 students.
Tom Naylor
Tom Naylor (born 28 June 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as either a defensive midfielder or a centre-back for EFL League Two club Chesterfield.

He has previously played in the EFL Championship for Wigan Athletic, Burton Albion and Derby County. Naylor has also played for Mansfield Town and Portsmouth and been on loan to Belper Town, Alfreton Town, Bradford City and Grimsby Town.

2023–24 National League
The 2023–24 National League season, known as the Vanarama National League for sponsorship reasons, was the ninth season under the title of the National League, the twentieth season consisting of three divisions, and the forty-fifth season overall.
Garrett Muscatel
Garrett Muscatel (born December 7, 1997) is a former Democratic member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, representing Grafton County District 12, Hanover and Lyme, from December 5, 2018, to June 8, 2020. Muscatel resigned in June 2020 after his claims of being a New Hampshire resident were challenged by the New Hampshire Republican State Committee.

Hanover, New Hampshire
Hanover is a town located along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,870. The town is home to the Ivy League university  Dartmouth College, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, and Hanover High School. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town, connecting with a number of trails and nature preserves.

Most of the population resides in the Hanover census-designated place (CDP)—the main village of the town. Located at the junctions of New Hampshire routes 10, 10A, and 120, the Hanover CDP recorded a population of 9,078 people at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area and also contains the smaller villages of Etna and Hanover Center.
Christ Church (Moscow, Idaho)
Christ Church is a Calvinist church in Moscow, Idaho, pastored by Douglas Wilson, and a member of the Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches. The congregation has received international coverage for its views, which include advocating for a theocracy, and its desire to make Moscow a "Christian town". It has formal and informal affiliations with a number of ministries, including a three-year ministerial training program (Greyfriars Hall), a private accredited college (New Saint Andrews), a campus ministry (Collegiate Reformed Fellowship), and formerly a publishing operation and magazine (Canon Press, Credenda/Agenda). The church is estimated to have between 900 and 2,000 members.

Theocracy
Theocracy or ethiocracy is a form of autocracy or oligarchy in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities giving divine guidance to human intermediaries with executive, legislative or judicial power who manage the government's daily affairs.
John Wright and Son Shipyards
John Wright and Son was a former shipyard located in Tuncurry, Australia between 1875 and 1958.

In partnership with Alexander Croll, John Wright built at least three ships at Bungwahl, before selling his share of the sawmill and shipwright business at Myall Lakes. In 1875, he was the first white settler of the area now known as Tuncurry.  He took out a 99-year lease on the waterfront land and built a timber mill, shipyard, slipway and associated buildings.

A wharf ran about 50 feet along the length of the waterfront at Tuncurry, with a receiving shed, with a skin shed at one end which housed cattle skins to be sent to Sydney.

Leather production processes
The leather manufacturing process are the operations taken to create leather from hides. The procedure is divided into three sub-processes: preparatory stages, tanning, and crusting. All true leathers will undergo these sub-processes. A further sub-process, surface coating, may be added into the sequence. The list of operations that leathers undergo vary with the type of leather. There are environmental impacts associated with the process.
Sofuoğlu
Sofuoğlu  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ali Sofuoğlu (born 1995), Turkish karateka

Bahattin Sofuoğlu (1978–2002), Turkish motorcycle racer

Bahattin Sofuoğlu (2003) (born 2003), Turkish motorcycle racer

Kenan Sofuoğlu (born 1983), Turkish motorcycle racer

Sinan Sofuoğlu (1982–2008), Turkish motorcycle racer

Turan Sofuoğlu (born 1965), Turkish football player

Turan Sofuoğlu
Turhan Sofuoğlu (born 19 August 1965, in Sakarya) is a Turkish former football player. He played for the Turkey national team and Fenerbahçe as a second striker.

Sofuoglu transferred from Sakaryaspor to Fenerbahçe in the 1988–89 season; he scored Fenerbahçe's 100th goal in that season. He was loaned to Bursaspor in 1993–94 season. He retired from football end of that season.

Sofuoğlu was brought up in a rough urban area of eastern Ankara called Astana, where he and his four brothers attended the local school.
Manuel (play)
Manuel is an 1817 tragedy by the Irish writer Charles Maturin. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 8 March 1817. The original cast included Edmund Kean as Manuel, Count Valdi, Alexander Rae as De Zelos, James William Wallack as Torrismond, Charles Holland as Mendizabel, Thomas Cooke as Almorad, John Powell as Guide and Margaret Somerville as Victoria. The published work is dedicated to the writer Walter Scott. It takes place in the wake of the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in Spain. It failed to recapture the success of his debut play Bertram of the previous year, despite both starring Kean.

Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (Arabic: معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The caliph al-Nasir (Miramamolín in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from all over the Almohad Caliphate.

Navas de Tolosa (also called Las Navas) is a town and hamlet in southern Spain, in the municipality of La Carolina, in the province of Jaén, in the eastern part of the Sierra Morena region, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with the province of Ciudad Real.