hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gordon Martel
Gordon Martel is emeritus professor of history at the University of Northern British Columbia and adjunct professor at the University of Victoria. Martel is a specialist in the history of modern warfare and edited The Encyclopedia of War (2012). Martel was one of the founding editors of The International History Review, and is co-editor of the book series Seminar Studies in History and editor of the series Short Histories of Big Ideas.

In 2006, Martel revised and expanded James Joll's The Origins of the First World War.

University of Victoria
The University of Victoria (UVic) is a public research university located in the municipalities of Oak Bay and Saanich, British Columbia, Canada. Established in 1903 as Victoria College, the institution was initially an affiliated college of McGill University until 1915. From 1921 to 1963, it functioned as an affiliate of the University of British Columbia. In 1963, the institution was re-organized into an independent university.
Margery Sharp
Clara Margery Melita Sharp (25 January 1905 – 14 March 1991) was an English writer of 25 novels for adults, 14 children's novels, four plays, two mysteries, and numerous short stories.  Her best-known work is The Rescuers series about a heroic mouse named Miss Bianca and her partner Bernard, which was later adapted into the animated feature film The Rescuers (1977) – and a sequel, The Rescuers Down Under (1990) – by Walt Disney Productions.

Lists of animated films
These lists of animated feature films compile animated feature films from around the world and are organized alphabetically under the year of release (the year the completed film was first released to the public). Theatrical releases as well as made-for-TV (TV) and direct-to-video (V) movies of all types of animation are included. Currently, the lists don't recognize one release form from another.

In order to qualify for these lists, films must be "over 40 minutes long and have animation in at least 75% of their running time, or have at least 40 minutes of animation in total". These lists use the American Film Institute, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and British Film Institute definitions of a feature film. For animated films under 40 minutes, see List of animated short films. For marionette films like Team America: World Police, or films featuring non-animated puppets, see Puppet films. Primarily live-action films with heavy use of special effects are also included.
Orlando (opera)
Orlando (HWV 31) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel written for the King's Theatre in London in 1733. The Italian libretto was adapted from Carlo Sigismondo Capece's L'Orlando after Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, which was also the source of Handel's operas Alcina and Ariodante. More an artistic than a popular success at its first performances, Orlando is today recognised as a masterpiece.

Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis (abbreviated as HWV) is the Catalogue of Handel's Works. It was published in three volumes (in German) by Bernd Baselt between 1978 and 1986, and lists every piece of music known to have been written by George Frideric Handel. The catalogue also includes the first few bars of each piece and large amounts of factual information including manuscript sources, early prints, photographs, spurious works, etc. The catalogue does not include the full scores of Handel's works (for the full scores, see Händel-Gesellschaft and Hallische Händel-Ausgabe).
Chassey-lès-Montbozon
Chassey-lès-Montbozon (French pronunciation: [ʃasɛ lɛ mɔ̃bozɔ̃], literally Chassey near Montbozon) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Mark Hurley
Harry Mark Hurley (December 12, 1935 – March 25, 2006) was an American NASCAR Grand National Series driver. He has raced in NASCAR for four years and has competed in 16 races with one finish in the top five and two finishes in the top ten. Hurley has accomplished 2,263 laps of racing to accumulate a career earnings total of $2,630 ($26,664.02 when adjusted for inflation). The average career start for this driver would be 18th while the average career finish would be 19th place. Hurley was a car owner for three races (driving a 1963 Ford Galaxie) before selling his ride. He died after a brief illness in Jonesborough, Tennessee on March 25, 2006, at the age of 70.

Ford Galaxie
The Ford Galaxie is a full-size automobile that was sold by the Ford Motor Company in North America from the 1959 to 1974 model years. Deriving its nameplate from a marketing tie-in with the excitement surrounding the Space Race, the Galaxie was offered as a sedan within the full-size Ford range throughout its production run. In the full-size segment, the model line competed against the Chevrolet Impala and Plymouth Fury.

The model line was assembled by Ford in multiple sites across the United States; four generations of the model line were produced. The Galaxie was also produced locally by Ford Australia and Ford Brasil, adopting commonality from the third-generation 1965 design.
M'Changama
M'Changama or Mchangama is a surname of Comorian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacob Mchangama (born 1978), Danish human rights lawyer

Mohamed M'Changama (born 1987), Comorian footballer

Youssouf M'Changama (born 1990), Comorian footballer

Youssouf M'Changama
Youssouf Yacoub M'Changama (born 29 August 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Saudi club Al-Batin. Born in France, he plays for the Comoros national team.

He is Comoros national team most capped player.
Yurmash, Nurimanovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Yurmash (Russian: Юрмаш; Bashkir: Юрмаш, Yurmaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolsky Selsoviet, Nurimanovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 82 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Nurimanovsky District
Nurimanovsky District (Russian: Нурима́новский райо́н; Bashkir: Нуриман районы, Nuriman rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic and borders with Karaidelsky District in the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast in the east, Iglinsky District in the south, and with Blagoveshchensky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,634 square kilometers (1,017 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnaya Gorka. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 20,824, with the population of Krasnaya Gorka accounting for 20.6% of that number.
Never Again (2001 film)
Never Again is a 2001 American comedy film written and directed by Eric Schaeffer. The film stars Jeffrey Tambor, Jill Clayburgh, Caroline Aaron, Bill Duke, Sandy Duncan and Michael McKean. After being shown at the 2001 South by Southwest, the film was widely released by USA Films on July 12, 2002.

Caroline Aaron
Caroline Sidney Aaron (née Abady; born (1952-08-07)August 7, 1952) is an American actress. She has appeared in multiple Mike Nichols, Nora Ephron, and Woody Allen films and is also known for her role in the television series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel.
Stockland, Devon
Stockland is a village and civil parish in Devon, close to the Somerset boundary. The parish is surrounded clockwise from the north by the parishes of Yarcombe, Membury, Dalwood, Widworthy, Offwell, Cotleigh and Upottery. Its nearest neighbouring towns are Honiton and Axminster, which are 6 miles (10 km) and 5 miles (8 km) away respectively. It has a population of around 600. The village is placed within the Blackdown Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Stockland parish had historically been an exclave of Dorset until the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844.

Axminster
Axminster is a market town and civil parish on the eastern border of the county of Devon in England. It is 28 miles (45 km) from the county town of Exeter. The town is built on a hill overlooking the River Axe which heads towards the English Channel at Axmouth, and is in the East Devon local government district.  At the 2001 census, it had a population of 5,626, increasing to 5,761 at the 2011 census. The town contains two electoral wards (town and rural) whose combined population is 7,110. The market is still held every Thursday.

Axminster gave its name to a type of carpet. An Axminster-type power loom is capable of weaving high-quality carpets with many varying colours and patterns. While Axminster carpets are made in the town by Axminster Carpets Ltd, this type of carpet is now manufactured all over the world as well.
Marcopeet Islands
The Marcopeet Islands are members of the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. They are located in Hudson Bay, northwest of the Belcher Islands. The Marcopeet Islands measure 2 km2 (0.77 sq mi).

Arctic Archipelago
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, which is, by itself, much larger than the combined area of the archipelago), and Iceland (an independent country).

Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about 1,424,500 km2 (550,000 sq mi), this group of 36,563 islands, surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, comprises much of Northern Canada, predominately Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The archipelago is showing some effects of climate change, with some computer estimates determining that melting there will contribute 3.5 cm (1.4 in) to the rise in sea levels by 2100.
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase
A non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) is a cytosolic enzyme that is responsible for catalysing the transfer of a phosphate group from a nucleoside triphosphate donor, such as ATP, to tyrosine residues in proteins. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of protein family tyrosine kinases, enzymes that can transfer the phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine residue of a protein (phosphorylation). These enzymes regulate many cellular functions by switching on or switching off other enzymes in a cell.

Unlike the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the second subgroup of tyrosine kinases, the non-receptor tyrosine kinases are cytosolic enzymes. Thirty-two non-receptor tyrosine kinases have been identified in human cells (EC 2.7.10.2). Non-receptor tyrosine kinases regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration and apoptosis, and they are critical components in the regulation of the immune system.

Nucleoside triphosphate
A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleoside containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate groups bound to the sugar. They are the molecular precursors of both DNA and RNA, which are chains of nucleotides made through the processes of DNA replication and transcription. Nucleoside triphosphates also serve as a source of energy for cellular reactions and are involved in signalling pathways.

Nucleoside triphosphates cannot easily cross the cell membrane, so they are typically synthesized within the cell. Synthesis pathways differ depending on the specific nucleoside triphosphate being made, but given the many important roles of nucleoside triphosphates, synthesis is tightly regulated in all cases. Nucleoside analogues may also be used to treat viral infections. For example, azidothymidine (AZT) is a nucleoside analogue used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.
Chanson perpétuelle
The "Chanson perpétuelle", Op. 37 is a mélodie by Ernest Chausson, written in December 1898.  It is one of the major vocal-orchestral works of Chausson, along with the Poème de l'amour et de la mer.  Besides the better-known version for soprano and orchestra, Chausson also wrote a version for soprano, piano and string quartet.  The text comes from a poem by Charles Cros, describing the suffering of an abandoned woman.

It is the last completed work by Chausson, as he left his String Quartet, Op. 35, unfinished.  The work was dedicated to the singer Jeanne Raunay, who gave the premiere on January 28 or 29, 1899.  Half a year later, Chausson himself died in an accident. The score was not published until 1911.

A performance of the Chanson lasts about six or seven minutes.

Charles Cros
Charles Cros or Émile-Hortensius-Charles Cros (1 October 1842 – 9 August 1888) was a French poet and inventor. He was born in Fabrezan, Aude.

Cros was a well-regarded poet and humorous writer. As an inventor, he was interested in the fields of transmitting graphics by telegraph and making photographs in color, but he is perhaps best known for being the first person to conceive a method for reproducing recorded sound, an invention he named the paleophone.

Charles Cros died in Paris at the age of 45.
1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Boris Becker defeated Kevin Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first major title. He was the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon men's singles titles. Becker was 17 years, 7 months and 15 days and broke the record that Mats Wilander set by winning the 1982 French Open at 17 years, 9 months and 15 days. Becker still remains the youngest Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champion.

John McEnroe was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Curren. This ended McEnroe's streak of five consecutive Wimbledon finals. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinals, becoming the first player to defeat both Connors and McEnroe at the same major.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
2017 Somaliland presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Somaliland on 13 November 2017, the third direct presidential election since 2003. General elections had been scheduled to be held in Somaliland on 27 March 2017 to elect both the President and House of Representatives, but were initially postponed by six months due to the drought condition in the region. The elections to elect the President and Vice President were eventually held separately on 13 November. Incumbent President Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud of the Peace, Unity, and Development Party (Kulmiye) did not run for a second term.

The result was a victory for ruling Kulmiye party candidate Muse Bihi Abdi, who received 55% of the vote.

Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud (Somali: Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud, Arabic: احمد محمد محمود; 1 June 1938 – 15 November 2024), known by his nickname Silanyo (Arabic: سيلانيو),  was a Somaliland politician who served as the President of Somaliland from 2010 to 2017. During the 1980s, he served as the Chairman of the Somali National Movement.

Silanyo was a long-time member of the former Somali Republic and later the Somali Democratic Republic central government. 
He held several key positions, including serving as Minister of Commerce of the Somali Republic.

Standing as an opposition candidate, he was elected as President of Somaliland in Somaliland's 2010 presidential election.
Brigelser Hörner
The Brigelser Hörner is a mountain massif in the Glarus Alps, and a range overlooking Breil/Brigels and Trun in canton of Graubünden. To its northern side above Val Frisal lies a nameless firn field. They are connected to the north by the saddle Barcun risal Sut (2,805 metres (9,203 ft)) with Piz Frisal and Piz Durschin at the border to canton of Glarus.

It consists of the following peaks, from west to east:

Cap Grond, 3195 m

Cavistrau Grond, 3251 m

Cavistrau Pign, 3219 m

Piz Tumpiv, 3100 m

In a broader sense, the following peaks are also part of the Hörner:

Piz Dadens, 2772 m

Piz Dado, 2698 m

Trun, Switzerland
Trun is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of the Grisons in Switzerland.  The municipality of Schlans merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Trun.

The village was formerly known as Truns and is referred to by that name in some older sources.
Theosophy of Tübingen
The Theosophy of Tübingen is a manuscript of an epitome of the last four books of an earlier, lost Byzantine work of eleven books called simply Theosophy or On True Belief (Ancient Greek: Περι τῆς ὀρθῆς πίστεως). The original work contained seven books on the right way to keep faith, and ended with four books of appendices containing the testimonials of pagans to the Christian faith. Its name derives from Tübingen, the city in Germany where the surviving manuscript is kept, at the University Library of Tübingen.

Testimonial
In promotion and advertising, a testimonial or show consists of a person's written or spoken statement extolling the virtue of a product. The term "testimonial" most commonly applies to the sales-pitches attributed to ordinary citizens, whereas the word "endorsement" usually applies to pitches by celebrities. Testimonials can be part of communal marketing.
Grizzly Creek Redwoods State Park
Grizzly Creek Redwoods State Park is a state park of California, United States, harboring groves of coast redwoods in three separate units along the Van Duzen River.  It is located 20 miles (32 km) south of Eureka, California, then another 17 miles (27 km) east of Fortuna on State Route 36.  The small park was created by a donation from Owen R. Cheatham, founder of Georgia-Pacific Corporation, who wanted to preserve the stand of redwoods in perpetuity.  Originally established in 1943, the park has grown to 430 acres (170 ha).  Cheatham Grove, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the main unit, was added to the park in 1983 due to efforts of the Save the Redwoods League.

Georgia-Pacific
Georgia-Pacific LLC is an American pulp and paper company based in Atlanta, Georgia, and is one of the world's largest manufacturers and distributors of tissue, pulp, paper, toilet and paper towel dispensers, packaging, building products and related chemicals, and other forest products—largely made from its own timber. Since 2005, it has been an independently operated and managed subsidiary of Koch Industries. As of fall 2019, the company employed more than 35,000 people at more than 180 locations in North America, South America and Europe.
Vámonos Pa'l Río
Vámonos Pa'l Río (Eng.: Let's Go To The River) is the title of a studio album released by norteño music band Los Pikadientes de Caborca. This album became their first number-one set on the Billboard Top Latin Albums. It received a nomination for Best Regional Mexican Album at the Grammy Awards of 2009.

Norteño (music)
Norteño or norteña (Spanish pronunciation: [noɾˈteɲo], northern), also música norteña, is a subgenre of regional Mexican music. The music is most often based on duple and triple metre and its lyrics often deal with socially relevant topics, although there are also many norteño love songs. The accordion and the bajo sexto are traditional norteño's most characteristic instruments.

The genre is popular in both Mexico and the United States, especially among the Mexican and Mexican-American community, and it has become popular in other Spanish-speaking countries as far away as Chile. Though originating from rural areas, norteño is popular in both rural and urban areas.

A conjunto norteño is a type of Mexican folk ensemble. It mostly includes button accordion, bajo sexto, electric bass or double bass, drums, and depending on the region, alto saxophone.
Tobias Gedde-Dahl
Tobias Gedde-Dahl (3 June 1903 – 23 October 1994) was a Norwegian physician (pulmonologist ). He was Sectretary General of Nasjonalforeningen for folkehelsen from 1946 to 1972. He was decorated Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1970. Gedde-Dahl was born in Sandsvær to parish priest Sofus Gedde-Dahl and Dagny Boye.  His son Truls Wilhelm was married to Målfrid Grude Flekkøy, and his daughter Lajla Margrete was married to Yngvar Ustvedt.

Målfrid Grude Flekkøy
Målfrid Grude Flekkøy (née Skard) (29 November 1936 – 2 November 2013) was a Norwegian chief psychologist and civil servant. Having worked for several years in different health and educational institutions for children, she was appointed as Children's Commissioner in Norway from 1981 to 1989. She was the first person in the world to hold such a position. She established and developed the role, and after eight years (two terms) the UN Organization for Children UNICEF engaged her to assist in spreading the institution to other countries. Flekkøy travelled extensively, participated in professional organizations and wrote books and articles on children's rights. At her death in 2013, more than 80 children's commissioners had been set up around the world.
Tapoban
Tapoban  is a village in Darchula District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1841 people living in 305 individual households.

Formerly, Tapoban was a village development committee (VDC), which were local-level administrative units. In 2017, the government of Nepal restructured local government in line with the 2015 constitution and VDCs were discontinued.

Constitution of Nepal
The Constitution of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको संविधान) is the present governing Constitution of Nepal.
Nepal is governed according to the Constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007. The constitution of Nepal is divided into 35 parts, 308 Articles and 9 Schedules.

The Constitution was drafted by the Second Constituent Assembly following the failure of the First Constituent Assembly to produce a constitution in its mandated period after the earthquake in April 2015.  The constitution was endorsed by 90% of the total legislators. Out of 598 Constituent Assembly members, 538 voted in favour of the constitution while 60 people voted against it, including a few Terai-based political parties which refrained from the voting process.

Its institutions were put in place in 2010 and 2018 through a series of direct and indirect elections in all governing levels.