hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apostilb
The apostilb is an obsolete unit of luminance. The SI unit of luminance is the candela per square metre (cd/m2). In 1942 Parry Moon proposed to rename the apostilb the blondel, after the French physicist André Blondel. The symbol for the apostilb is asb.

The apostilb is defined in terms of another unit of luminance, the stilb (sb):

1 asb = 1/π ⋅ 10−4 sb

π asb = 1 cd/m2

Luminance
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted from, or is reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.

The procedure for conversion from spectral radiance to luminance is standardized by the CIE and ISO.

Brightness is the term for the subjective impression of the objective luminance measurement standard (see Objectivity (science) § Objectivity in measurement for the importance of this contrast).

The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). A non-SI term for the same unit is the nit. The unit in the Centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) (which predated the SI system) is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m2.
Bureau of Police Research and Development
The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) was set up on the 28 August 1970 to further the objectives of the Government of India regarding the modernisation of police forces. It has since evolved into a multifaceted consultancy organisation. At present it has 4 divisions – Research, Development, Training and Correctional Administration.

Consultant
A consultant (from Latin: consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as expert, specialist, see variations of meaning below) who provides advice or services in an area of specialization (generally to medium or large-size corporations). Consulting services generally fall under the domain of professional services, as contingent work.

The Harvard Business School defines a consultant as someone who advises on "how to modify, proceed in, or streamline a given process within a specialized field".
Moataz Mahrous
Moataz Mahrous (Arabic: معتز محروس; born November 15, 1984) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for the Egyptian club Alassiouty Sport. In May 2017, Mahrous suffered from a cruciate ligament injury during their match against Sohag, he was the top goal scorer in Group A in 2016–17 Egyptian Second Division then.

Pyramids FC
Pyramids Football Club (Arabic: نادي بيراميدز لكرة القدم or نادي الأهرام لكرة القدم) is an Egyptian professional football club based in New Cairo, Cairo Governorate, The club is mainly known for its professional team, that competes in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest league in the Egyptian football league system. Formed in 2008 as Al Assiouty Sport in Assiut, the club was bought and moved to Cairo by Turki Al-Sheikh in 2018. Later on, Salem Al Shamsi purchased the club in July 2019.
Mike Cvik
Mike Cvik (born July 6, 1962) is a Canadian former National Hockey League linesman, who wore uniform number #88. At 6 foot, 9 Inches, Cvik was the same height as the NHL's tallest player, Zdeno Chára. He worked more than 1800 NHL games, including his highlights such as the gold medal game at the 2002 Winter Olympics, the NHL All-Star Game and the Stanley Cup Playoffs.

Official (ice hockey)
In ice hockey, an official is a person who has some responsibility for enforcing the rules and maintaining the order of the game. There are two categories of officials, on-ice officials, who are the referees and linesmen that enforce the rules during gameplay, and off-ice officials, who have an administrative role rather than an enforcement role.
Arnöhuvud Nature Reserve
Arnöhuvud Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in Uppsala County, Sweden.

The nature reserve protects a forested and relatively high peninsula in Lake Mälaren, part of a much longer ridge. It rises to approximately 45 m (148 ft) in the nature reserve. It is covered with old-growth forest consisting mainly of Norway spruce and Scots pine. The rich fauna includes hare, roe deer, pheasants and several types of marine birds. The nature reserve furthermore contains several cairns dating from the Bronze Age. The nature reserve is part of the EU-wide Natura 2000 network.

Uppsala County
Uppsala County (Swedish: Uppsala län) pronounced: /ʊpsɔˈlə/ is a county or län on the eastern coast of Sweden, whose capital is the city of Uppsala. It borders the counties of Dalarna, Stockholm, Södermanland, Västmanland, Gävleborg, and the Baltic Sea.
Street Man Fighter
Street Man Fighter (Korean: 스트릿 맨 파이터), often abbreviated SMF, is the second season of the South Korean dance competition franchise Street Woman Fighter. It aired on Mnet from August 23 to November 8, 2022, every Tuesday at 22:20 (KST) time slot for 10 episodes. It revolved around eight male dance crews fighting for the position of Korea's best male dance crew to represent street dance in the country (loosely marketed under the term "K-dance").

On November 8, 2022, on their last episode, JustJerk came in first place with 92,321 votes. The runner-up was We Dem Boyz, with 44,274 votes, followed by Mbitious (32,302 votes) and Bank Two Brother (25,034 votes). The winning crew (Just Jerk) received ₩50 million, electric sedans from BMW, a sponsorship deal with KB Kookmin Bank, and the Street Man Fighter Trophy.

Kookmin Bank
Kookmin Bank (Korean: 국민은행), also known as KB Kookmin Bank, is a bank headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. It was the largest bank in Korea and the 60th largest in the world as of 2017. The name Kookmin Bank is a contraction of Citizens National Bank, an English name by which it also used to be referred to in the past.
Nick Gleeson
Nicholas "Nick" Gleeson OLY (born 18 October 1996) bobsledder. He competed in the four-man event at the 2018 Winter Olympics and the two-man and four-man events at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Gleeson also competed in the two-man event at the 2019 World Championships and the four-man event at the 2021 World Championships.

OLY
OLY (/ˌoʊɛlˈwaɪ/ OH-el-WY) are post-nominal letters granted by the World Olympians Association (WOA) to registered athletes who have participated in the Olympic Games. The initiative was launched in 2017, and in 2022, post-nominal title PLY was introduced for Paralympic participants.
2019 Dutch Open (badminton)
The 2019 Dutch Open (officially known as the Yonex Dutch Open 2019 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at Topsportcentrum in Almere, Netherlands, from 8 to 13 October 2019 and had a total purse of $75,000.

Marvin Seidel
Marvin Emil Seidel (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁvɪn ˈzaɪdl̩]; born 9 November 1995) is a German badminton player. He was the bronze medalist at the 2013 European Junior Championships in the boys' doubles, and a silver medalist at the 2021 European Championships in the men's doubles event.
Blue Pear Records
Blue Pear Records was a semi-fictitious record label based in Longwood, Florida, which is best known for re-issuing rare cast recordings of obscure Broadway and off-Broadway musicals in the mid-1980s.  The lack of production credits and other helpful identifying information on the LP sleeves has generally led to the assumption that they are bootleg recordings.

You Never Know (musical)
You Never Know is a musical with a book by Rowland Leigh, adapted from the original European play By Candlelight, by Siegfried Geyer and Karl Farkas, with music by Cole Porter and Robert Katscher, lyrics by Cole Porter, additional lyrics by Leigh and Edwin Gilbert, directed by Leigh, and songs by others.

The show was written not long after the riding accident that left Porter semi-crippled.
Special Vehicle Team
Special Vehicle Team, also known as SVT, was an arm of Ford Motor Company responsible for the development of the company's highest-performance vehicles. Established in 1991, SVT was the successor to the SVO division. The last SVT Director was Hermann Salenbauch. SVT was previously led by Hau Thai-Tang (2004–2007) and John Coletti (1993-2004). In 2015, Ford Racing, alongside Ford Team RS and Special Vehicle Team, merged into a global entity named Ford Performance.

Performance car
A performance car is a car that exhibits above-average capabilities in one or more of the following areas: acceleration (torque and throttle response), top speed (horsepower), cornering and braking. It is debated how much performance is required to move classification from standard to high performance.
Calasanctius College
Calasanctius College, Oranmore is a co-educational secondary school catering for students between the ages of 12-19 around the County Galway town of Oranmore, and the surrounding areas, such as Carnmore, Claregalway, Clarenbridge, Kilcolgan and the south side of Galway City.

Clarinbridge
Clarinbridge or Clarenbridge (Irish: Droichead an Chláirín) is a village in south County Galway, Ireland. It is on the mouth of the Clarin River at the end of Dunbulcaun Bay, which is the easternmost part of Galway Bay.

Clarinbridge was formerly known as Áth-cliath-Meadhraidhe, i.e. the Ford of Hurdles of Maaree, which is the name of the peninsula running into Galway bay to the west of the village. In medieval Ireland this place marked the western terminus of the Esker Riada, which separated the northern from the southern half of Ireland, the eastern terminus being Áth-cliath-Cualann, or Dublin. These two places also marked the ends of one of the Five Great Roads of medieval Ireland, the Slige Mhór.

The village is 13 km south-east of Galway city centre (18 km by road). There are bus services, notably Bus Éireann's route 51 which runs between Galway, Limerick and Cork.
Arnold Skemer
Arnold Skemer (born 1946), is an American novelist and publisher. Skemer has operated Phrygian Press since 1985. He also publishes ZYX (begun in 1990), a small xerographic magazine that publishes poetry, short fictions, commentary on innovative fiction and small press matters, and reviews. It appears 2-3 times a year.

Skemer is also the author of eight published novels, including an ambitious ongoing series where each title is a letter of the alphabet (C, D, H etc.).

Xerography
Xerography (from the Greek roots ξηρός xeros, meaning "dry" and -‍γραφία -‍graphia, meaning "writing") is a technique of printing and photocopying. Originally called electrophotography, it was renamed to emphasize that it uses no liquid chemicals, unlike reproduction techniques then in use such as cyanotype.
Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year Award
The Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year Award was an annual college football award given to the a head coach from each NCAA division. The award honored coaches who succeed on and off the field, displaying sportsmanship, integrity, responsibility, and excellence. Each coach who won was given $50,000 to donate to the charities of his choice, and a $20,000 grant for alumni association scholarships from the school the coach represents.

Sportsmanship
Sportsmanship is an ethos that a sport or activity should be enjoyed for its own sake, with proper consideration for fairness, ethics, respect, and a sense of fellowship with competitors.

A "sore loser" refers to one who takes defeat poorly, whereas a "good sport" means being a "good winner" as well as being a "good loser".
Gandaki Zone
Gandaki zone (Nepali: गण्डकी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the Western Development Region.  It was named Sapta Gandaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki, and Daraundi) that make up the Gandaki River. Pokhara served as its regional and zonal headquarter. It was also the birthplace of Bhanubhakta Acharya, first poet of Nepal.

The Gandaki Zone was home to multiple cultures which are unique in themselves. Some, like the Magar and Gurung, have attained fame much like the Gurkha people.

Seti Gandaki River
The Seti Gandaki River, also known as the Seti River or the Milk River, is a river of western Nepal, a left tributary of the Trishuli River. It gorges around Pokhara and is a major attraction for tourists worldwide.
M1 heavy tractor
M1 heavy tractor was a term used by the United States Army during World War II for several different models of "off the shelf" civilian tracked tractors adopted for military use. Under the Ordnance Department, these tractors were meant to tow artillery pieces, and were not equipped with blades like their Corps of Engineers counterparts. Later in the war, these tractors were replaced in the prime mover role by heavy trucks such as the Mack NO or purpose-built "high-speed tractors" such as the M4, M5, or M6. Some tractors were equipped with crane attachments for ammunition and material handling.

More than 1,000 were leased to the Soviet Union. They mostly used them to tow 122 mm, 152 mm, and even 203 mm guns. It saw good service as a prime mover for artillery.

Mack NO 7½-ton 6x6 truck
The Mack NO 7+1⁄2-ton 6x6 truck was a heavy 6x6 cargo truck designed in the 1940s by the American manufacturer Mack Trucks. It was used by the U.S. Army as an artillery tractor for heavy artillery during and after World War II. The official U.S. Army designation was: Truck, 7 1/2 ton, 6x6, Prime Mover. Its G-number was (G-532).
Cosoleacaque
Cosoleacaque is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the south-east zone of the state, about 300 km (190 mi) from the state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 234.42 km2 (90.51 sq mi). It is located at 18°00′N 94°38′W﻿ / ﻿18.000°N 94.633°W﻿ / 18.000; -94.633.

Xalapa
Xalapa or Jalapa (English: /həˈlɑːpə/, Spanish: [xaˈlapa] ⓘ), officially Xalapa-Enríquez (IPA: [xaˈlapa enˈrikes]), is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz and the name of the surrounding municipality. In 2020 census the city reported a population of 443,063 and the municipality of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 488,531. The municipality has an area of 118.45 km2. Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of Veracruz to the southeast.
Derend
Derend (Persian: درند, also Romanized as Dorond) is a village in Rabatat Rural District, Kharanaq District, Ardakan County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 200, in 61 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
The 1619 Project: Born on the Water
The 1619 Project: Born on the Water is a children's picture book, written in verse, by Nikole Hannah-Jones and Renée Watson, with illustrations by Nikkolas Smith. The book was announced in April 2021 as a companion book to The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story, both inspired by Hannah-Jones' The 1619 Project.

Nikole Hannah-Jones
Nikole Sheri Hannah-Jones (born April 9, 1976) is an American investigative journalist known for her coverage of civil rights in the United States. She joined The New York Times as a staff writer in April 2015, was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2017, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 2020 for her work on The 1619 Project. Hannah-Jones is the inaugural Knight Chair in Race and Journalism at the Howard University School of Communications, where she also founded the Center for Journalism and Democracy.
Marija Makarovič
Marija Makarovič, née Jagodic, (born 15 August 1930) is a Slovene ethnologist.

Makarovič was born in Ljubljana in 1930. After graduating from the University of Ljubljana in 1953 she worked as a curator at the Slovene Ethnographic Museum from 1953 until 1989. From 1993 to 1997 she led the Urban Jarnik Slovene Ethnographic Institute in Klagenfurt. In 2001 she was one of the co-founders of Centre for Biographic Research in Ljubljana together with Prof. Dr. Mojca Ramšak.

She collaborated with many ethnologist including Neli Niklsbacher Bregar.

In 1979 she won the Levstik Award for her book Kmečka abeceda and Kmečko gospodarstvo na Slovenskem (The Farmer's Alphabet and Farm Management in Slovenia).

In 2014 she won the Deklica s Piščalko Award, which is awarded by county Kočevje for professionalism in the fields of art, culture, and humanitarian sciences.

University of Ljubljana
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 38,000 enrolled students. The university has 23 faculties and three art academies with approximately 4,000 teaching and research staff, assisted by approximately 2,000 technical and administrative staff. The University of Ljubljana offers programs in the humanities, sciences, and technology, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science.

The university was founded in the centre of Ljubljana, where the central university building and the majority of its faculties are located. Since then, newer buildings have been constructed in the suburbs of the city.
Quillayute Valley School District
Quillayute Valley School District 402 (QVSD) is a school district headquartered in Forks, Washington.

Its schools are: Forks Elementary School, Forks Intermediate School, Forks Junior High School, and Forks High School. Forks Alternative School is the alternative campus.

Much of the district is in Clallam County, and includes Forks and the Quileute Indian Reservation. A portion lies in Jefferson County, where it includes the Hoh Indian Reservation.

Quileute Indian Reservation
The Quileute Indian Reservation (Quileute: kʷòʔlí·yot̓ilo t̕siḳ̓áti) is an Indian reservation for the Quileute people located on the northwestern Olympic Peninsula near the southwestern corner of Clallam County, Washington, United States. The reservation is at the mouth of the Quillayute River on the Pacific coast.

La Push, Washington is the reservation's main population center. The 2000 census reported an official resident population of 371 people on the reservation, which has a land area of 4.061 km2 (1.5678 sq mi, or 1,003.4 acres).
USNS Henry Gibbins
USNS Henry Gibbins (T-AP-183) was a troop transport that served with the United States Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) during the 1950s. Prior to her MSTS service, she served as US Army transport USAT Henry Gibbins during World War II. She later served with the New York Maritime Academy as TS Empire State IV and with the Massachusetts Maritime Academy as USTS Bay State.

Henry Gibbins was one of four ships planned for the United States Lines North Atlantic service and ordered under Maritime Commission contract from the Ingalls Shipbuilding Company of Pascagoula, Mississippi with the allocated name of American Banker. Laid down on 23 August 1941; she was launched on 11 November 1942 as Biloxi.  She was delivered to the Army Transportation Service 27 February 1943 as Henry Gibbins and served the Army as a troop transport during World War II.

Pascagoula, Mississippi
Pascagoula (/pæskəɡulə/ PASS-kuh-GOOL-uh) is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is the principal city of the Pascagoula metropolitan area, and is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi–Pascagoula combined statistical area and the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area. Its population was 22,010 at the 2020 census, down from 22,392 at the 2010 census and 26,200 at the 2000 census.

The city is served by three airports: Mobile Regional Airport, 34 miles (55 km) to the northeast in Alabama; Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport, about 40 miles (64 km) west of Pascagoula; and the Trent Lott International Airport, 9 miles (14 km) to the north in Jackson County. Amtrak service also began serving the city when the Mardi Gras Service debuted on August 18, 2025.
The Devil in Me (Thelma Houston album)
The Devil in Me is the sixth album by Thelma Houston released in 1977. While this album did not duplicate the commercial success of the Any Way You Like It album, it became a modest commercial success, peaking at No. 64 in the US album chart/No. 29 R&B. The lead single was the R&B and Club/Dance chart hit, "I'm Here Again". "I Can't Go On Living Without Your Love" was issued as a double-sided 12" single back-to-back with Diana Ross' "Your Love Is So Good to Me".

The album was arranged by Kim Richmond, James Anthony Carmichael, Gordon C. Berg, Greg Wright, Michel Rubini and Michael Omartian.
The cover photograph was by Tom Kelley.

The Devil in Me was released on CD in 2018 by Soulmusic Records, in a compilation that also includes Ready to Roll, Ride to the Rainbow and Reachin' All Around.

Tom Kelley (photographer)
Tom Kelley Sr. (December 12, 1914 – January 8, 1984) was an American photographer who photographed Hollywood celebrities in the 1940s and 1950s. He is best known for his iconic 1949 nude photographs of Marilyn Monroe, which were distributed widely as calendar art—one of which was featured in the inaugural issue of Playboy magazine in 1953. He paid Marilyn Monroe only $50 for the shoot.
1920 New Brunswick general election
The 1920 New Brunswick general election was held on 9 October 1920, to elect 48 members to the 35th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Although political parties had no standing in law, twenty-four MLA declared themselves to be Liberals, thirteen declared themselves to be Conservatives, nine declared themselves to members of the United Farmers, and two declared themselves Farmer-Labour.

The election resulted in the first minority government in New Brunswick since the advent of responsible government in the 1840s.

This was the first general election in which women could vote. They would not be allowed to run for office until 1934, following the 1919 act to extend the franchise to women.

35th New Brunswick Legislature
The 35th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between March 17, 1921, and July 17, 1925.

William Pugsley served as Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick in 1921. He was succeeded by William Frederick Todd in 1923.

Allison Dysart was chosen as speaker.

The Liberal Party led by Walter Edward Foster partnered with members of the United Farmers to form the first minority government in the province's history. Peter Veniot succeeded Foster in 1923.
Fred Urmson
Fred Urmson (26 November 1907 – 11 September 1985) was an English footballer who played as an outside left for Atherton, Tranmere Rovers and Exeter City. He made 333 appearances for Tranmere, scoring 107 goals.

He also played for Stalybridge Celtic and South Liverpool and Mossley, where he scored eight goals in 28 appearances in the 1939–40 season.

Stalybridge Celtic F.C.
Stalybridge Celtic Football Club is an English football club based in Stalybridge, Greater Manchester. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at Bower Fold. The team traditionally plays in a blue and white strip.

In 1921, Stalybridge Celtic became a founder member of the Football League's Third Division North. After only two seasons in the new league, they became the first club to leave the new division.