hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Business history
Business history is a historiographical field which examines the history of firms, business methods, government regulation and the effects of business on society. It also includes biographies of individual firms, executives, and entrepreneurs. It is related to economic history. It is distinct from "company history" which refers to official histories, usually funded by the company itself.

Official history
An official history is a work of history which is sponsored, authorised or endorsed by its subject. The term is most commonly used for histories which are produced for a government. The term also applies to commissions from non-state bodies including histories of commercial companies. An official biography (one written with the permission, cooperation and sometimes the participation of its subject or heirs) is an authorised biography.

Official histories frequently have the advantage that the author has had access to archives, been allowed to interview subjects and use other primary sources closed to independent historians. Because of the close relationship between author and subject, such works may be (or be perceived to be) partisan in tone and to lack historical objectivity. Such bias varies and some official histories have been called exercises in propaganda; in other cases the authors have retained a measure of independence.
Garitas
Garitas or retenes (singular: retén) are federal inspection stations operated by the Mexican government.
They are officially known as "garitas de revisión" (checkpoints). They are usually located within 50 kilometres (31 mi) of the national border with the United States, Belize, and Guatemala. They function as immigration checkpoints, where documents and cargo are to be inspected.

The United States Border Patrol operates a similar series of checkpoints. These are also referred to as garitas by the Latin American community.

United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
The United States Border Patrol operates 71 traffic checkpoints, including 33 permanent traffic checkpoints, near the Mexico–United States border.  The stated primary purpose of these inspection stations is to deter illegal immigration and smuggling activities.  After the September 11 attacks in 2001, they took on the additional role of terrorism deterrence. These checkpoints are located between 25 and 75 miles (40 and 121 km) of the Mexico–United States border along major U.S. highways; near the southern border of the contiguous United States. Their situation at interior locations allow them to deter illegal activities that may have bypassed official border crossings along the frontier. The checkpoints are divided among nine Border Patrol sectors. There are a number of these checkpoints near the northern border of the contiguous U.S. as well (such as in the states of New York or Maine), within 100 miles (160 km) of the Canada–U.S. border.
DYEA
Radyo Bandera 99.7 News FM (DYEA-FM 99.7 MHz) is an FM station owned by Palawan Broadcasting Corporation and operated by Bandera News Philippines. Its studio and transmitter are located along Brgy. Pulot Center, Sofronio Española, Palawan

Sofronio Española
Sofronio Española, officially the Municipality of Sofronio Española (Tagalog: Bayan ng Sofronio Española), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 39,371 people.

It is the province's newest municipality, officially established on June 5, 1995, and Iber Chou became the first Municipality Mayor, when Republic Act No. 7679 partitioned the town from Brooke's Point. It was named after the late Palawan Representative and Governor Sofronio Española.
Robert McKee Bashford
Robert McKee Bashford (December 31, 1845 – January 29, 1911) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 25th mayor of Madison, Wisconsin, and represented Dane County in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1893 to 1897.  He also served briefly as a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 1908, after the death of Chief Justice John B. Cassoday.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Joachim Friedrich Henckel
Joachim Friedrich Henckel (4 March 1712 in Preussisch Holland – 1 July 1779) was a Prussian surgeon at Charité hospital in Berlin.

His publications include Medical and Surgical Observations (1744).

In 1769, Henckel conducted the first caesarean section to incise the linea alba on a living woman.  The child survived, though the mother later died, probably due to peritonitis. The surgery drew so much attention that King Frederick II named Henckel professor of surgery and a Court Counselor. From 1773 to 1779, Henckel served as director of the Charité.

Peritonitis
Peritonitis is inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and covering of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss. One part or the entire abdomen may be tender. Complications may include shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, a ruptured appendix or even a perforated gallbladder. Risk factors include ascites (the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen) and peritoneal dialysis. Diagnosis is generally based on examination, blood tests, and medical imaging.

Treatment often includes antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain medication, and surgery. Other measures may include a nasogastric tube or blood transfusion. Without treatment death may occur within a few days. About 20% of people with cirrhosis who are hospitalized have peritonitis.
Wild Wild Son
"Wild Wild Son" is a song recorded by Dutch DJ and record producer Armin van Buuren featuring American singer Sam Martin. It was released on 12 October 2018, through Armada Music. It was produced by the DJ himself and his frequent Dutch record producer Benno de Goeij and composed by Benno de Goeij and the two artists. Armin van Buuren also released a club mix on 19 October 2018 and a remixes pack on 18 January 2019.

Armada Music
Armada Music is a Dutch independent record label that specialises in releasing electronic dance music.

As of 2025, artists signed by Armada Music include Armin van Buuren, Bloom Twins, D.O.D., Eelke Kleijn, Loud Luxury, Shells, Sunnery James & Ryan Marciano, Themba and Trance Wax.
Gilliéron
Gilliéron is a French surname.  Notable people with this name include:

Émile Gilliéron (1850–1924), Swiss artist and archaeological draftsman

Émile Gilliéron fils (1885–1939), son of Gilliéron père, also an artist

Jules Gilliéron (1854–1926), Swiss-French linguist and dialectologist

Lauriane Gilliéron (born 1984), Swiss actress, model and beauty queen

Louis Gilliéron (1909–?), Swiss field hockey player

Peter Gilliéron (born 1953), Swiss lawyer and football official

Lauriane Gilliéron
Lauriane Gilliéron (born 25 July 1984) is a Swiss actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Switzerland 2005 on 21 September 2005 and represented Switzerland at Miss World 2005 in China but unplaced, she also competed at Miss Universe 2006 in United States where she placed 2nd runner-up.
Phola (album)
Phola is a studio album by South African jazz trumpeter Hugh Masekela. The record was released on 19 February 2008 (2008-2-19) via Four Quarters Entertainment label.

Phola is a South African notion meaning to get well, to heal, to relax and chill.

Hugh Masekela
Hugh Ramapolo Masekela (4 April 1939 – 23 January 2018) was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, singer and composer who was described as "the father of South African jazz". Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and for writing well-known anti-apartheid songs such as "Soweto Blues" and "Bring Him Back Home". He also had a number-one US pop hit in 1968 with his version of "Grazing in the Grass".
Qodaş, Agryzsky District
Qodaş (Tatar: Кодаш, romanized: Qodaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ägerce District, Tatarstan. The population was 228 as of 2010.
Qodaş, Agryzsky District is located 24 km from Ägerce, district's administrative centre, and 298 km from Ԛazan, republic's capital, by road.
The earliest known record of the settlement dates from 16th century.
There are 8 streets in the village.

Agryz
Agryz (Russian: Агры́з; Tatar: Әгерҗе) is a town and the administrative center of Agryzsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Izh River (Volga's basin), 304 kilometers (189 mi) east of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 19,300.
Erhard Bodenschatz
Erhard Bodenschatz (1576 in Lichtenberg – 1636 in Groß-Osterhausen) was a German pastor, cantor and composer. He was cantor at Schulpforta from 1600 to 1603 and pastor in Groß-Osterhausen/Querfurt from 1608 onwards.

He produced several motets. Among his best known works was the edited motet collection Florilegium Portense, meaning "Schulpforta's anthology". It was published in two volumes in Leipzig in 1618 and 1621 and held 365 motets by 58 composers, giving a good insight into the 17th century choral repertoire in Saxony and Thuringia. Johann Sebastian Bach is known to have been familiar with the work, using it and ordering further copies for the Thomanerchor whilst he was Thomaskantor.

Lichtenberg, Bavaria
Lichtenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪçtn̩ˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in northeastern Bavaria in the district of Hof in Upper Franconia.

It lies on a hill above the valley of the river Selbitz, in the Frankenwald nature park.
Morse (electoral district)
Morse is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, centred on the town of Morse, Saskatchewan. The district was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912, and abolished before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995. It was the riding of Premier Ross Thatcher.

It is now part of the Lumsden-Morse, Swift Current, and Wood River constituencies.

1912 Saskatchewan general election
The 1912 Saskatchewan general election was held on July 11, 1912 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Premier Walter Scott led the Liberal Party of Saskatchewan to a third term in office with a significant increase in the share of the popular vote. The opposition, now renamed from the Provincial Rights Party to the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and led by Wellington Bartley Willoughby, lost both votes and seats in the legislature.
Challis Airport
Challis Airport (IATA: CHL, ICAO: KLLJ, FAA LID: LLJ) is a city-owned public-use airport located one mile (1.6 km) northeast of the central business district of Challis, a city in Custer County, Idaho, United States.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Challis Airport is assigned LLJ by the FAA and CHL by the IATA (which assigned LLJ to Silampari Airport in Indonesia).

Challis, Idaho
Challis is the largest city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census. The 2020 census showed 902 residents, a 16.6% drop. And as of 2023, the population increased to 924.
David Eagleman
David Eagleman (born April 25, 1971) is an American neuroscientist, bestselling author, and science communicator. He teaches neuroscience at Stanford University and has founded several neurotech startups. He directs the non-profit Center for Science and Law, which seeks to align the legal system with modern neuroscience. He is known for his work on brain plasticity, time perception, synesthesia, and neurolaw.

He is a Guggenheim Fellow and a New York Times-bestselling author published in 32 languages. He is the writer and presenter of the international television series The Brain with David Eagleman and the host of the podcast Inner Cosmos with David Eagleman. His podcast has been ranked as the number-one science podcast on Apple several times and in 2024 was nominated for the best science podcast of the year at the iHeart Podcast Awards at SXSW.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Ron Wilson (artist)
Ron Wilson is an American comics artist known for his work on comic books starring the Marvel Comics character The Thing, including the titles Marvel Two-in-One and The Thing. Wilson spent eleven years, from 1975 to 1986, chronicling The Thing's adventures through different comic titles. He co-created the Wolfpack characters with writer Larry Hama as well as D-Man (Dennis Dunphy) with writer Mike Carlin.

Urth 4
Urth 4 is a comic-book series created by Peter Stone, Neal Adams and Trevor Von Eeden and published by Continuity Comics. The series ran for four issues (May 1989 – December 1990), and was then revived as Earth 4 in 1993, running for a total of seven more issues.
United States Department of Justice Tax Division
The United States Department of Justice Tax Division is a division of the United States Department of Justice. It is responsible for the prosecution of both civil and criminal cases arising under the Internal Revenue Code and other tax laws of the United States.  The Division began operation in 1934, under United States attorney general Homer Stille Cummings, who charged it with primary responsibility for supervising all federal litigation involving internal revenue (following an executive order from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt).

Internal Revenue Code
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States. It is codified in statute as Title 26 of the United States Code. The IRC is organized topically into subtitles and sections, covering federal income tax in the United States, payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes; as well as procedure and administration. The Code's implementing federal agency is the Internal Revenue Service.
Kang Hae-won
Kang Hae-won (Korean: 강해원; born 19 March 1986) is a South Korean badminton player who affiliated with the Samsung Electro-Mechanics team since 2009. She won the bronze medal at the 2004 Asian Junior Championships in the mixed doubles event partnered with Lee Yong-dae, also claimed the silver medal in the girls' team event. Born in Jeju, Kang educated at the Incheon National University, won the 2008 National University Championships in the women's singles and doubles event. At the 55th National Summer Championships in 2012, she claimed triple titles by winning the women's singles, doubles, and team event. Kang was part of the national women's team that won the bronze medal at the 2009 East Asian Games in Hong Kong.

Jeju City
Jeju City (Korean: 제주시, romanized: Jeju-si; Korean pronunciation: [tɕe̞.dʑu]) is the capital of the Jeju Province in South Korea and the largest city on Jeju Island. The city is served by Jeju International Airport (IATA code CJU).

Located on an island off the Korean Peninsula, Jeju has mild, warm weather during much of the year (September 79°
October 70°
November 61°
December 51°)  The city is a well-known resort, with prestigious hotels and public casino facilities. In 2011, 9.9 million passengers flew between the two cities of Seoul and Jeju, making the Gimpo–Jeju route the world's busiest passenger air route.

Jeju welcomes over ten million visitors every year, mainly from the South Korean mainland, Japan, and China. The population of Jeju City is 486,604 people and 225,139 households (244,468 men and 245,136 women, May 2024). The population density is 503.18 (per square km, 2020).
Canton of Norrent-Fontes
The Canton of Norrent-Fontes was one of the 14 cantons of the arrondissement of Béthune, in the Pas-de-Calais department, in northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its chief town was Norrent-Fontes. It had 19,753 inhabitants in 2012. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.

The canton comprised 18 communes:

Norrent-Fontes
Norrent-Fontes (French pronunciation: [nɔʁɑ̃ fɔ̃t]; West Flemish: Norrem) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Béthune and 33 miles (53 km) west of Lille.
Annie Up
Annie Up is the second studio album by American country girl group Pistol Annies, but this is the first album with RCA Nashville. The group consists of Miranda Lambert, Ashley Monroe and Angaleena Presley. Annie Up started with 83,000 albums sold in the first week.

The vinyl LP version of the record was pressed by United Record Pressing in Nashville, TN.

United Record Pressing
United Record Pressing (founded as Southern Plastics) is a vinyl pressing plant located in Nashville, Tennessee, that has been in operation since 1949. United has pressed records for such artists as the Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, Jack White, Adele, Mumford & Sons, Hank Williams Jr., Marie Osmond, Tammy Wynette, Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, Lady Antebellum, Justin Timberlake, Kanye West, Kings of Leon, Fall Out Boy, Kendrick Lamar, the Black Keys, the Roots, and Radiohead.

Today, it is the largest vinyl record pressing plant in the United States.
Cukor Bila Smerť
Cukor Bila Smerť (Ukrainian: Цукор — біла смерть [ˈtsukor ˈbilɐ ˈsmɛrtʲ], lit. 'Sugar — White Death') was a Ukrainian dark wave band formed in Kyiv, Ukraine. The band was active from 1988, until its dissolution in 1993. It was one of the first bands that initiated the creation of the Novaya Scena ("new scene") in Ukraine, which was also called the "ethno-gothic" scene for its style drawing on dark wave. They are considered to be one of the most prominent musical projects of the Ukrainian underground, drawing in a Western online cult following in the 2010s and onwards.

Dark wave
Dark wave (also known as darkwave) is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post-punk movement of the late 1970s. Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as being dark, romantic and bleak, with an undertone of sorrow. Common features include the use of chordophones such as electric and acoustic guitar, violin and piano, as well as electronic instruments such as synthesizer, sampler and drum machine. Like new wave, dark wave is not a "unified genre but rather an umbrella term" that encompasses a variety of musical styles, including cold wave, ethereal wave, gothic rock, neoclassical dark wave and neofolk.

In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose followers were called "wavers" or "dark wavers". In some countries, most notably Germany, the movement also included fans of gothic rock (so-called "trad-goths").
William T. Francis
William T. Francis (March 26, 1870 – July 15, 1929) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from Minnesota. He was a successful personal and civil rights lawyer, winning discrimination cases against the police and employers, and successfully lobbying for state anti-discrimination and anti-lynching legislation. He was the U.S. Minister Resident/Consul General in Liberia, the first African-American diplomat from Minnesota. In Liberia, Francis conducted a nine-month inquiry into allegations of government involvement in slavery and forced labor. He died in post in Liberia of yellow fever. His report helped achieve a League of Nations investigation that ultimately forced the president, Charles D.B. King, and the vice president of Liberia, Allen Yancy, to resign in 1930.

Allen Yancy
Allen N. Yancy (1881–1941) was the 20th vice president of Liberia from 1928 to 1930 under President Charles D. B. King. He was forced to resign in 1930 following his involvement with forced labor exported to the Spanish-controlled island of Fernando Po (in today's Equatorial Guinea).
Tanzie Well
The Tanzie Well, also known as Saint Anne's Well, the Washing House Well or the Spoot is located beside the River Irvine (NS 32448 38361) in the Golf-fields or Golffields (pronounced 'Go-fields') at the end of the footbridge across the River Irvine in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland. It has been suggested that 'Tanzie' may be a corruption of St Inan's Well. The old Irvine Pouther House of 1801 is located nearby.

Beith
Beith (locally /biːð/) is a small town in the Garnock Valley, North Ayrshire, Scotland approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) south-west of Glasgow. The town is situated on the crest of a hill and was known originally as the "Hill o' Beith" (hill of the birches) after its Court Hill.
Collapse (topology)
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a collapse reduces a simplicial complex (or more generally, a CW complex) to a homotopy-equivalent subcomplex. Collapses, like CW complexes themselves, were invented by J. H. C. Whitehead. Collapses find applications in computational homology.

J. H. C. Whitehead
John Henry Constantine Whitehead FRS (11 November 1904 – 8 May 1960), known as "Henry", was a British mathematician and was one of the founders of homotopy theory. He was born in Chennai (then known as Madras), in India, and died in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1960.
Lefty Byers
Clifton Andrew "Lefty" Byers (September 6, 1905 – May 25, 2000) was an American professional basketball coach for the Akron Goodyear Wingfoots in the United States' National Basketball League (NBL). He was the NBL Coach of the Year in 1937–38. During Byers' tenure, the Wingfoots transitioned from the Midwest Basketball Conference (MBC) in 1936–37 into the NBL in 1937–38 (its inaugural season). Byers led the Wingfoots to win the first-ever NBL championship in 1938. The year before, the team had also won the MBC championship.

As a player, Byers competed in basketball, track, and baseball for Kansas State University in the 1920s. In basketball, he was named to the All-Missouri Valley Conference first-team twice, as both a junior (1926) and as a senior (1927). He then played semi-professionally for the Akron Firestone Non-Skids in 1930–31 and 1931–32 while they were an amateur industrial league team.

Kansas State Wildcats baseball
The Kansas State Wildcats baseball team is a member of the NCAA and the Big 12 Conference. The program's first official game was in 1897.

Following the completion of the 2024 season, Kansas State's all-time record is 2,001–1,974–10 (.503).