hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samiya Mumtaz
Samiya Mumtaz (Urdu: سمیعہ ممتاز) (born 1970, Karachi) is a Pakistani film and television actress. She has performed in several TV dramas. Her accolades include two Hum Awards and three Lux Style Awards nominations.

Lux Style Awards
The Lux Style Awards is an award ceremony which has been held annually in Pakistan since 2002. The ceremony celebrates "style" in the Pakistani entertainment industry, such as cinema, television, fashion, and music. Categories have changed over the years, but most are awarded by panels of judges who are experts in the respective industries, with some "people's choice" awards in the film and TV categories.

The ceremonies, which are televised, have usually been held in Karachi, but in some years have taken place in Lahore, Kuala Lumpur and Dubai.
Bob Pomphrey
Robert Henry Pomphrey (6 October 1944 – 24 October 2023) was an English cricketer. Pomphrey was a right-handed batsman. He was born at Warminster, Wiltshire.

Pomphrey made his debut for Hertfordshire in the 1971 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire. Pomphrey played Minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire from 1971 to 1985, which included 90 Minor Counties Championship matches. He made his List A debut against Durham in the 1974 Gillette Cup. He made five further List A appearances for the county, the last coming against Essex in the 1981 NatWest Trophy. In his six List A matches, he scored 54 runs at an average of 9.00, with a high score of 22. He also played a single List A match for Minor Counties South against Somerset in the 1979 Benson & Hedges Cup. In his only match for the team, he was dismissed for two by Vic Marks.

Pomphrey died on 24 October 2023, at the age of 79.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Helsinki City Transport
Helsinki City Transport or HKL (Finnish: Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos, Swedish: Helsingfors stads trafikverk, abbreviated to HST) is one of the contractors to the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority, conducting some operations related to the Helsinki Metro.

Until the founding of HSL in January 2010, HKL was responsible for the planning and organization of all public transport in Helsinki. HKL's bus operations were merged with another city-owned company, Suomen Turistiauto, to form a new bus company called Helsingin Bussiliikenne, which has since been acquired by Koiviston Auto.  The majority of HKL's operations, excluding certain parts of the Metro operations, were corporatised and moved to Metropolitan Area Transport Ltd in February 2022.

Corporatization
Corporatization is the process of transforming and restructuring state assets, government agencies, public organizations, or municipal organizations into corporations. It involves the adoption and application of business management practices and the separation of ownership from management through the creation of a joint-stock or shareholding structure for the organization. The result of corporatization is the creation of state-owned corporations (or corporations at other government levels, such as municipally owned corporations) where the government retains a majority ownership of the corporation's stock. Corporatization is undertaken to improve efficiency of an organization, to commercialize its operations, to introduce corporate and business management techniques to public functions, or as a precursor to partial or full privatization.
Chan Hok-lam
Chan Hok-lam (Chinese: 陳學霖; pinyin: Chén Xuélín) (1938, Hong Kong – 2011, Seattle) was a Hong Kong-born historian of China. His obituary in the Journal of Song-Yuan Studies considered that "his works have inescapably influenced the research of nearly all those after him who have entered into the uniquely challenging sub-discipline of middle-period Chinese studies." Focusing on the period from the 9th to the 15th centuries, he was the author of 19 volumes of history in English and Chinese, a major contributor to two other large collaborative works, and over a hundred essays and reviews in history journals.

Journal of Song-Yuan Studies
Journal of Song-Yuan Studies, known as Journal of Sung-Yuan Studies from 1990 to 2000, Bulletin of Sung-Yuan Studies from 1978 to 1989, and Sung Studies Newsletter from 1970 to 1977, is an American academic journal on "middle imperial Chinese history" or Chinese history from the 10th to 14th centuries, specifically the Five Dynasties period, Liao dynasty, Song dynasty, Western Xia, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), and Yuan dynasty.
William M. Gray
William Mason Gray was an American meteorologist who was emeritus professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University (CSU), and the head of the Tropical Meteorology Project at CSU's Department of Atmospheric Sciences. He is widely regarded as a pioneer in the science of tropical cyclone forecasting and one of the world's leading experts on tropical storms. After retiring as a faculty member at CSU in 2005, Gray remained actively involved in both climate change and tropical cyclone research until his death.

American Meteorological Society
The American Meteorological Society (AMS) is a scientific and professional organization in the United States promoting and disseminating information about the atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic sciences. Its mission is to advance the atmospheric and related sciences, technologies, specifications, applications and services for the benefit of society.
İnönü, Eskişehir
İnönü (Turkish: [ˈinœny]) is a municipality and district of Eskişehir Province, Turkey. Its area is 345 km2, and its population is 6,173 (2022). Its elevation is 840 m (2,756 ft).

İnönü has a strategic location on the Istanbul-Eskişehir railway and Bozüyük-Kütahya highway. It also hosts Ford Otosan's truck production facility.

Eskişehir Province
Eskişehir Province (Turkish: Eskişehir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in northwestern Turkey. Its area is 13,960 km2, and its population is 906,617 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Bilecik to the northwest, Kütahya to the west, Afyon to the southwest, Konya to the south, Ankara to the east, and Bolu to the north. The provincial capital is Eskişehir. Most of the province is laid down in Central Anatolia Region. Northern parts of Mihalıççık district and ones of Mihalgazi and Sarıcakaya are located in the Black Sea Region and one of them belong to the Aegean Region.

Eskişehir is an old and culturally developed province of Turkey. Eskişehir has 3 universities, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir Technical University and Anadolu University, which is the largest university in Turkey and which has some branch offices in Europe.
2010 Banja Luka Challenger – Doubles
Dustin Brown and Rainer Eitzinger were the defending champions, but decided not to start this year.James Cerretani and David Škoch defeated Adil Shamasdin and Lovro Zovko 6–1, 6–4 to win the tournament.

Dustin Brown (tennis)
Dustin Brown (born 8 December 1984), nicknamed "Dreddy", is a German-Jamaican former professional tennis player who rose to fame after beating Rafael Nadal at the Halle Open in 2014 and at Wimbledon in 2015. He was known for his technique, speed, and unorthodox playing style, often entertaining the crowd with trick shots.

Brown competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour, in singles and doubles, having won 31 titles overall. He achieved his career-high singles ranking of No. 64 in October 2016 and his career-high doubles ranking of No. 43 in May 2012. Brown is one of only two players who are undefeated against Rafael Nadal after playing more than one match with him (the other being Àlex Corretja), holding a 2–0 head-to-head record.

Brown did not reach an ATP singles final, but made two semifinals at the 2016 Open Sud de France and the 2016 Swiss Open Gstaad. In doubles, he won two titles on the ATP Tour.
HMS Nereide (U64)
HMS Nereide was a modified Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She was laid down by Chatham Dockyard, Kent on 15 February 1943, launched on 29 January 1944 and commissioned on 3 May 1946, with the pennant number U64.

Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham; at its most extensive (in the early 20th century) two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham.

It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). Chatham dockyard closed in 1984, and 84 acres (34 ha) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
M. Chinnaraj
M. Chinnaraj is an Indian politician and a former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He is from Veerapandi village in the Coimbatore district. He attended Chinna Thadagam Government High School for his schooling. Chinnaraj completed his undergraduate degree at Coimbatore Government Arts College and his Bachelor of Law at Government Law College, Chennai. A member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, he contested and won the 1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election from the Thondamuthur constituency, becoming a Member of the Legislative Assembly.
Later he contested in the 1985 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election from the Thondamuthur constituency successfully at second time.

Veerapandi, Coimbatore
Veerapandi  is a panchayat town in Coimbatore North taluk of Coimbatore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located in the western part of the state, it is one of the 33 panchayat towns in the district. Spread across an area of 9.5 km2 (3.7 sq mi), it had a population of 16,953 individuals as per the 2011 census.
Social osmosis
Social osmosis or cultural osmosis is the indirect infusion of social or cultural knowledge. Effectively, social content is diffused, and by happenstance, authentic experience is displaced by repeated absorption of such content or information through auxiliary means, thus leading the subject to acquiring knowledge of social phenomena.

An example of social osmosis would be knowing a TV show exists and possessing detailed information concerning aspects of the show, such as key imagery or the names of the characters, without actively acquiring said knowledge by watching the show or being even interested in it.

Common knowledge
Common knowledge is knowledge that is publicly known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the community in which the knowledge is referenced.  Common knowledge can be about a broad range of subjects, such as science, literature, history, or entertainment. Since individuals often have different knowledge bases, common knowledge can vary and it may sometimes take large-scale studies to know for certain what is common knowledge amongst large groups of people. Often, common knowledge does not need to be cited. Common knowledge is distinct from general knowledge.

In broader terms, common knowledge is used to refer to information that an agent would accept as valid, such as information that multiple users may know. Assigning something the label of common knowledge requires certain considerations about the involved community, group, society and/or individuals, the time period, and the location.
Striated grasswren
The striated grasswren (Amytornis striatus) is a small, cryptically coloured ground-dwelling species of wren-like bird in the family Maluridae, endemic to Australia. It occupies a large discontinuous range across arid and semi-arid areas of western, central and southern Australia where it is associated with spinifex (Triodia) grass.

Australasian wren
The Australasian wrens are a family, Maluridae, of small, insectivorous passerine birds endemic to Australia and New Guinea. While commonly known as wrens, they are not closely related to the true wrens. The family comprises 33 species (including sixteen fairywrens, three emu-wrens, and thirteen grasswrens) in six genera.
Littleberry Mosby
Littleberry C. Mosby Jr. (January 28, 1757 – October 26, 1821) was an American military officer.  During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the Continental Army as a captain in the 2nd Georgia Regiment, and was captured at the Siege of Savannah in 1778. After his release, he served as a major commanding a cavalry battalion in the Virginia militia. During the War of 1812, he was a brigadier general in the Virginia militia. The son of Colonel Littleberry Mosby Sr., he lived his entire life at Mosby Tavern in Cumberland County, Virginia/Powhatan County, Virginia, Powhatan County having been created from the eastern portion of Cumberland County in May 1777.

Siege of Savannah (1779)
The siege of Savannah or the second battle of Savannah was an encounter of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in 1779. The year before, the city of Savannah, Georgia, had been captured by a British expeditionary corps under Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Campbell. The siege itself consisted of a joint Franco-American attempt to retake Savannah, from September 16 to October 18, 1779. On October 9 a major assault against the British siege works failed. During the attack, Polish nobleman Count Casimir Pulaski, leading the combined cavalry forces on the American side, was mortally wounded. With the failure of the joint attack, the siege was abandoned, and the British remained in control of Savannah until July 1782, near the end of the war.
Stele Forest
The Stele Forest or Beilin Museum is a museum for steles and stone sculptures in Beilin District in Xi'an, Northwest China. The museum, which is housed in a former Confucian Temple, has housed a growing collection of Steles since 1087. By 1944 it was the principal museum for Shaanxi province. Due to the large number of steles, it was officially renamed the Forest of Stone Steles in 1992. Altogether, there are 3,000 steles in the museum, which is divided into seven exhibitions halls that display works of Chinese calligraphy, painting and historical records.

Northwestern China
Northwestern China (Chinese: 中国西北地区) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.

The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant ethnic minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road.
Lăpușnicel
Lăpușnicel (Hungarian: Kislaposnok) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania with a population of 1,320 people. It is composed of three villages, Lăpușnicel, Pârvova (Porhó) and Șumița (Cseherdős, Czech: Šumice).

Caraș-Severin County
Caraș-Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
La taupe et les papillons
La taupe et les papillons (The Mole and the Butterflies) is an opera by the French composer Étienne Méhul. It takes the form of a comédie lyrique in one act. The libretto is by Ange-Étienne-Xavier Poisson de La Chabeaussière. Composed in 1797–1798, it was due to be staged at the Théâtre Montansier in 1799 but political censorship meant the opera was never performed.

Théâtre National (rue de la Loi)
The Théâtre National (French pronunciation: [teɑtʁ nɑsjɔnal]), later the Théâtre des Arts, was a Parisian theatre located across from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France on the rue de la Loi, which was the name of the rue de Richelieu from 1793 to 1806. It was the home of the Paris Opera from 1794 to 1820, after which it was demolished.
Ficus matiziana
Ficus matiziana is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae. It is a tree native to Bolivia, northern and west-central Brazil, Colombia, southern Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

The species was first described in 1946 by Armando Dugand.

Moraceae
Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species, and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their distribution is cosmopolitan overall. The only common characteristics within the family are the presence of latex-producing glands in the leaves and stems, and milky sap in the soft tissues; but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruits. The family includes well-known plants such as the common fig, breadfruit, jackfruit and mulberry. The 'flowers' of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences).
Sunnyside (Heathsville, Virginia)
Sunnyside is a historic plantation house located at Heathsville, Northumberland County, Virginia.  It was built about 1822, and is a two-story, single-pile, central-passage-plan Federal style brick I-house.  It is topped by a gabled standing seam metal roof and has a two-story kitchen addition and a two-story rear addition. The front facade features a one-story, flat-roofed portico featuring paired Doric order columns. Also on the property are the contributing former smokehouse, dairy, guest house (formerly a kitchen), carriage house, corn crib, and barn.  It is located in the Heathsville Historic District.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

I-house
The I-house is a vernacular house type, popular in the United States from the colonial period onward. The I-house was so named in the 1930s by Fred Kniffen, a cultural geographer at Louisiana State University who was a specialist in folk architecture. He identified and analyzed the type in his 1936 study of Louisiana house types.

He chose the name "I-house" because the style was commonly built in the rural farm areas of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, all states beginning with the letter "I". But he was not implying that this house type originated in, or was restricted to, those three states. It is also referred to as Plantation Plain style.
WFXN-FM
WFXN-FM (102.3 FM) – branded as 102.3 The Fox – is a commercial mainstream rock radio station licensed to serve Galion, Ohio. Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., WFXN-FM primarily services the Mid-Ohio counties of Richland, Crawford, and Morrow, and is the local affiliate for Rover's Morning Glory and The House of Hair with Dee Snider. The WFXN-FM studios are located in Mansfield, while the station transmitter resides in Galion. Besides a standard analog transmission, the station is available online via iHeartRadio.

Crawford County, Ohio
Crawford County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,025. Its county seat and largest city is Bucyrus. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1836. It was named for Colonel William Crawford, a soldier during the American Revolution. Crawford County comprises the Bucyrus, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Mansfield-Ashland-Bucyrus, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Funerary complex of Sultan Qaytbay
The funerary complex of Sultan Qaytbay, is an Islamic religious funerary complex located in the Northern Cemetery of Cairo, Egypt. Built by the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay between 1470 and 1474, the complex consists of a mosque (originally a madrasa) attached to Qaytbay's mausoleum, along with residential structures, a drinking trough for animals, and a smaller tomb. The complex is considered one of the most beautiful and accomplished monuments of late Mamluk architecture and it is pictured on the E£1 banknote.: 244 : 273–278 : 136

Egyptian pound
The Egyptian pound (Egyptian Arabic: جنيه مصرى [ɡeˈneː ˈmɑsˤri, ˈɡeni-]; abbreviations: £, E£, £E, LE, or EGP in Latin, and ج.م. in Arabic,  ISO code: EGP) is the official currency of Egypt. It is divided into 100 piastres, (or qirsh, قرش [ʔerʃ]; plural قروش [ʔʊˈruːʃ]; abbreviation: PT, short for "piastre tarif") and was historically divided into 1,000 milliemes (مليم  [mælˈliːm]; French: millième, abbreviated to m or mill).

Since July 6, 2022, the 10- and 20-pound notes have been made out of polymer plastic paper.
Ted Linley (footballer)
Edward A. Linley (26 September 1894 – after 1928) was an English professional footballer who made 142 appearances in the Football League playing as an outside left.

Linley was born in East Retford, Nottinghamshire. He played football for Kiveton Park and Midland League club Worksop Town before signing for Birmingham in December 1920 for a fee reported as £600. He helped them win the Football League Second Division title in the 1920–21 season and appeared in more than 100 top-flight matches for the club. He also played for Nottingham Forest, Sutton Town, Mansfield Town, and Shirebrook.

1920–21 Football League
The 1920–21 season was the 29th season of The Football League.

The Football League Third Division was introduced, in effect the Third Division South of the following season, when Third Division North was introduced. This expanded the League's operational radius all the way to the south coast of England, as the number of member clubs increased from 44 to 66.
Trance
Trance is a state of semi-consciousness in which a person is not self-aware and is either altogether unresponsive to external stimuli (but nevertheless capable of pursuing and realizing an aim) or is selectively responsive in following the directions of the person (if any) who has induced the trance. Trance states may occur involuntarily and unbidden.

The term trance may be associated with hypnosis, spirit possession, magic, flow, prayer, psychedelic drugs, and altered states of consciousness.

Proprioception
Proprioception (/ˌproʊpri.oʊˈsɛpʃən, -ə-/ PROH-pree-oh-SEP-shən, -⁠ə-) is the sense of self-movement, force, and body position.

Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, a type of sensory receptor, located within muscles, tendons, and joints. Most animals possess multiple subtypes of proprioceptors, which detect distinct kinesthetic parameters, such as joint position, movement, and load. Although all mobile animals possess proprioceptors, the structure of the sensory organs can vary across species.

Proprioceptive signals are transmitted to the central nervous system, where they are integrated with information from other sensory systems, such as the visual system and the vestibular system, to create an overall representation of body position, movement, and acceleration. In many animals, sensory feedback from proprioceptors is essential for stabilizing body posture and coordinating body movement.