hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apple and unions
Apple workers around the globe have been involved in organizing since the 1990s. Apple unions are made up of retail, corporate, and outsourced workers. Apple employees have joined trade unions and or formed works councils in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The majority of industrial labor disputes (including union recognition) involving Apple occur indirectly through its suppliers and contractors, notably Foxconn plants in China, and, to a lesser extent, in Brazil and India.

In 2021, Apple Together, a solidarity union, sought to bring together the company's global worker organizations. In the 2020s, a surge in new organizing took place in Australia, United Kingdom and the United States.

Labor dispute
A labor dispute is a disagreement between an employer and employees regarding the terms of employment. This could include disputes regarding conditions of employment, fringe benefits, hours of work, tenure, and wages to be negotiated during collective bargaining, imposed through interest arbitration, or the implementation of already agreed upon terms. It could further concern the association or representation of those who negotiate or seek to negotiate the terms or conditions of employment.
Roja (Philippine TV series)
Roja (Spanish word for Red) is a Philippine action drama television series produced by Dreamscape Entertainment. Directed by Lawrence Fajardo, Andoy Ranay, Raymund Ocampo, and Rico Navarro, it stars Donny Pangilinan and Kyle Echarri. The series premiered on November 24, 2025 on the Kapamilya Channel's Primetime Bida evening block.

Rubi Rubi
Ruby Esmaquel (born January 3, 1966), known professionally as Rubi Rubi, is a Filipino actress, comedian, acting teacher and entrepreneur. Her first onscreen appearance was in the 2002 film, I Think I’m In Love, followed by her first teleserye series, Impostora (2007). With a career spanning two decades, she is recognized as one of the country's most prominent character actresses in film and television. She is best-known for her performance as "Manang Precious" in Dirty Linen (2023).
Kolonna Eterna
Kolonna Eterna (English: Eternal Column), also known as the Millennium Monument, is a 21st-century monumental column in San Gwann, Malta. The column is an abstract art designed by Paul Vella Critien, a Maltese local artist that achieved his studies and experience in Italy and Australia.

The monument is a commemoration of the new (third) millennium as part of an initiative by the San Gwann Local Council. The monument was inaugurated in 2003 by the Prime Minister of Malta Eddie Fenech Adami. The monument came to the national attention because it was largely described as having a phallic appearance. The monument is found in front of Santa Margerita Chapel.

Egyptian obelisks
Obelisks had a prominent role in the architecture and religion of ancient Egypt.

Approximately 30 remaining ancient Egyptian obelisks are known, not including modern or pre-modern pseudo-Egyptian obelisks, such as the numerous Egyptian-style obelisks commissioned by Roman Emperors. The oldest of these extant obelisks date from the Middle Kingdom period, during the reign of Pharaoh Senusret I.

There are also approximately 40 known obelisk fragments, catalogued by Hiroyuki Nagase and Shoji Okamoto.
James Marcus (American actor)
James A. Marcus (January 21, 1867 – October 15, 1937) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1915 and 1937. He was born in New York City. On October 15, 1937, Marcus died in Hollywood, California from a heart attack at age 70. Marcus' most notable films include Regeneration, Oliver Twist and Sadie Thompson.

Sadie Thompson (film)
Sadie Thompson is a 1928 American silent drama film that tells the story of a "fallen woman" who comes to Pago Pago to start a new life, but encounters a zealous missionary who wants to force her back to her former life in San Francisco. The film stars Gloria Swanson, Lionel Barrymore, and Raoul Walsh, and it is one of Swanson's more successful films. Due to the public's apathy towards silent films, a sound version was prepared in the latter half of 1928. While the sound version has no audible dialog, it features a synchronized musical score with sound effects along with a theme song.

Due to the subject matter, the making of the film was extremely controversial. However, it was a financial and critical success for Swanson. The film was based on the 1921 short story "Rain" by W. Somerset Maugham and the 1922 play, based on the story, by John Colton and Clemence Randolph, starring Jeanne Eagels.
Toni Junnila
Toni Junnila (born 31 December 1984) is a Finnish footballer currently playing for FC Jazz in the Finnish second tier Ykkönen.

Junnila has previously played 121 matches in the Finnish premier division Veikkausliiga for FC Jazz, Tampere United and FF Jaro. He was a member of the Finland squad at the 2001 European U-16 Championship.

2001 UEFA European Under-16 Championship
The 2001 UEFA European Under-16 Championship was the 19th edition of UEFA's European Under-16 Football Championship. It was the last under-16 championship, before changing the name as under-17 championships. England hosted the championship, during 22 April – 6 May. Players born on or after 1 January 1984 were eligible to participate in this competition. 16 teams entered the competition, and Spain defeated France in the final to win the competition for the sixth time.
Tioga State Forest
Tioga State Forest is a Pennsylvania State Forest in District #16, in the Allegheny Plateau region within Tioga County, Pennsylvania.

The main offices are located in Wellsboro in Tioga County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

The state forest was named for the Tioga tribe of the Seneca, a Native American people, whose homeland was in the region. The Seneca language word "Tioga" means 'the meeting of two rivers' in English.

Prior to the July 1, 2005 realignment of Pennsylvania State Forest Districts, Tioga State Forest included almost all state forest lands in Tioga County and Bradford County, and encompassed 160,000 acres (64,750 ha). After realignment, the state forest tracts in Bradford County became part of the new Loyalsock State Forest. Currently, the forest is mostly located in Tioga County and only includes small areas within Bradford and Lycoming Counties.

Seneca language
Seneca (/ˈsɛnəkə/; in Seneca, Onöndowaʼga꞉ʼ Gawë꞉noʼ, or Onötowáʼka꞉) is the language of the Seneca people, one of the Six Nations of the Hodinöhsö꞉niʼ (Iroquois League); it is an Iroquoian language, spoken at the time of contact in the western part of New York. While the name Seneca, attested as early as the seventeenth century, is of obscure origins, the endonym Onödowáʼga꞉ translates to "those of the big hill." About 10,000 Seneca live in the United States and Canada, primarily on reservations in western New York, with others living in Oklahoma and near Brantford, Ontario. Since 2022 an active language revitalization program has been underway.
Sven Davidson
Sven Viktor Davidson (13 July 1928 – 28 May 2008) was a Swedish tennis player who became the first Swede to win a Grand Slam title when he won the French Championships in 1957, beating Ashley Cooper and Herbert Flam.

International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility with three courts, three outdoor hard courts, one green clay court, a court tennis facility, and a theatre. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a non-profit organization with the goal of preserving, celebrating, and inspiring the sport of tennis around the world.

The location was the original home of the U.S. National Championships (now called the US Open), established in 1881. Since 1976, the complex has hosted the Hall of Fame Open, a combined men's and women's event, each year in July.
Go Slow
"Go Slow" is a song by English production duo Gorgon City, American DJ Kaskade and American singer Roméo. It was released on 9 May 2019 through Virgin EMI Records. It reached number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart in August 2019.

Virgin EMI Records
Virgin EMI Records was a British record label owned by the Universal Music Group that was formed in 2013. In June 2020, the label was rebranded as EMI Records, and operates Virgin Records as an imprint of the new EMI Records.
Shine Girl
"Shine Girl" is a song by British rapper MoStack featuring British rapper Stormzy. It was released through Virgin EMI as the second single from MoStack's debut studio album Stacko on 31 May 2019; where it peaked at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was written by MoStack, James Grant, Darius Ellington Forde, Levi Lennox, Stormzy and TSB, and produced by iLL BLU, TSB and Lennox.

Stacko
Stacko is the debut studio album by British rapper MoStack. It was released on 7 June 2019 via MizerMillion Entertainment and Virgin EMI. The album features guest appearances from British rappers J Hus, Dave, Stormzy, Fredo, and singer/songwriter Dolapo.
Old Norriton Presbyterian Church
Old Norriton Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located in East Norriton Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1698, and is a one-story brownstone structure measuring 37 feet, 6 inches, by 27 feet, or three bays by two bays.  It has a wooden shake gable roof and round-arch windows.  The interior features a barrel vault ceiling.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Brownstone
Brownstone is a brown Triassic–Jurassic sandstone that was historically a popular building material. The term is also used in the United States and Canada to refer to a townhouse clad in this or any other aesthetically similar material.

Brownstone was a popular building material because it is unusually easy to quarry and carve; these qualities also make structures clad in it susceptible to weathering and damage over time.
Grotta-Pelos culture
The Grotta-Pelos culture (Greek: Γρόττα-Πηλός) refers to a "cultural" dating system used for part of the early Bronze Age in Greece. Specifically, it is the period that marks the beginning of the so-called Cycladic culture and spans the Neolithic period in the late 4th millennium BC (ca. 3300 BC), continuing in the Bronze Age to about 2700 BC.
The term was coined by Colin Renfrew, who named it after the sites of Grotta and Pelos on the Cycladic islands of Naxos and Milos, respectively. Other archaeologists prefer a "chronological" dating system and refer to this period as the Early Cycladic I (ECI).

4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC. Some of the major changes in human culture during this time included the beginning of the Bronze Age and the invention of writing, which played a major role in starting recorded history.

The city states of Sumer and the (Predynastic) Kingdom of Egypt were established and grew to prominence. Agriculture spread widely across Eurasia.

World population growth relaxed after the burst that came about from the Neolithic Revolution. World population was largely stable in this time at roughly 50 million, growing at an average of 0.027% per year.
Gemma Arró
Gemma Arró Ribot  (born 28 August 1980) is a Catalan ski mountaineer, born in Puigcerdà. She started ski mountaineering in 2003 and competed for the first time at the Cronoescalada Pas de la Casa race.

Ski mountaineering
Ski mountaineering (abbreviated to skimo) is a skiing discipline that involves climbing mountains either on skis or carrying them, depending on the steepness of the ascent, and then descending on skis. There are two major categories of equipment used: free-heel telemark skis and skis based on alpine skis, where the heel is free for ascents, but is fixed during descent. The discipline may be practiced recreationally or as a competitive sport.

Competitive ski mountaineering is typically a timed racing event that follows an established trail through challenging winter alpine terrain while passing through a series of checkpoints. Racers climb and descend under their own power using backcountry skiing equipment and techniques. More generally, ski mountaineering is an activity that variously combines ski touring, telemark, backcountry skiing, and mountaineering.

Ski mountaineering made its debut as an Olympic Games event in the 2026 Winter Olympics.
WICZ-TV
WICZ-TV (channel 40) is a television station in Binghamton, New York, United States, affiliated with Fox and MyNetworkTV. Owned by Deltavision Media, the station maintains studios on Vestal Parkway East (NY 434) in Vestal, and its transmitter is located on Ingraham Hill Road in the town of Binghamton.

Binghamton (town), New York
Binghamton is a town in Broome County, New York, United States. The population was 4,623 at the 2020 census. The town is named after an early developer, William Bingham.

The town of Binghamton partly encloses the city of Binghamton on the city's south side.
Les Mazures
Les Mazures (French pronunciation: [le mazyʁ]) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

During the Second World War, Les Mazures was the site of a forced labour camp, used by the Nazis for the detainment of Jews and French prisoners of war of North African origin. 288 Jewish men from Antwerp were imprisoned in Les Mazures in July 1942. In October 1942 and January 1944, most of them were deported to Auschwitz, where 239 of them were assassinated.

Ardennes (department)
Ardennes (French: [aʁdɛn] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the broader Ardennes. Its prefecture is the town Charleville-Mézières. The department has 270,582 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ardennais or Ardennaises.
Dames Ligue 1
The Dames Ligue 1 (Women's League 1) is Luxembourg's top level women's football (soccer) league.

The league featured a different number of teams through the years (eight or ten usually) and since 2023–24 has featured 10 teams that play each other twice to decide the champion.

The champion qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League but it has not always being taken. The first year a team of Luxembourg entered European competition was in 2001–02 when Progrès Niederkorn finished 3 games with 0 points and 0-32 goals. Progrès Niederkorn entered the competition again in 2011–12, Jeunesse Junglinster represented Luxembourg at the 2015–16 edition and SC Bettembourg at the 2017–18 and 2019–20 editions.

2001–02 UEFA Women's Cup
The UEFA Women's Cup 2001–02 was the first edition of the women's football UEFA European club competition. It took place during the 2001–02 season, from August 2001 to May 2002.

The competition was won by German Bundesliga side 1. FFC Frankfurt, who beat Sweden's Umeå IK by a score of 2–0, in the single-leg 2002 UEFA Women's Cup Final.
Dhammin
Dhammin (Arabic: ضمّن) is a political platform that manages candidates' electoral campaigns for the National Assembly, Municipal Council or Cooperative Society councils of Kuwait. The platform was founded by Abdullah Al-Salloum and it is, according to news reports and interviews, the first within the field to apply distributed-systems' methodologies.

National Assembly (Kuwait)
The National Assembly (Arabic: مجلس الأمة, Majlis al-ʾUmma) is the unicameral legislature of Kuwait. The National Assembly meets in Kuwait City. The National Assembly is typically composed of 50 elected members and 16 directly appointed government ministers (ex officio members).

The assembly was frequently dissolved by the Emir of Kuwait. From 2006 to 2024, the assembly was dissolved 13 times. The assembly has been suspended since 10 May 2024 for a four-year constitutional re-evaluation due to frequent inaction, corruption, bribery, vote purchasing and political deadlock.
Agnes Borinsky
Agnes Borinsky is an American playwright and author. She wrote the young adult novel Sasha Masha, a coming-of-age story about a queer Jewish American girl, nominated for a Lambda Award in 2021. She wrote and performed in A Song of Songs in 2022, which retold through a queer lens the biblical book Song of Songs. In 2023 her play The Trees premiered at Playwrights Horizons' theatre; the work imagines the lives of siblings whose bodies root into the earth in a Connecticut park. This work was compared to Waiting for Godot,  Sagittarius Ponderosa and How to Live in a House on Fire.

Bushwick Starr
The Bushwick Starr is a non-profit theater in the Brooklyn neighborhood of the same name that was founded in 2007 by Sue Kessler and Noel Allain who serve as the creative and artistic director, respectively. They were located on Starr Street until 2020 when their space was sold and they announced the purchase of and relocation to a former dairy plant at 419 Eldert Street.

The Starr is known for its artists, including Jeremy O. Harris, Daniel Fish, Dave Malloy, and Heather Christian. They first programmed a full season in 2009 and were firmly a part of the Off Off Broadway community by 2011.
Sretko Kalinić
Sretko Kalinić (Serbian Cyrillic: Сретко Калинић; born 25 February 1974), also known as "Zver" (Serbian Cyrillic: Звер, lit. 'The Beast') or "Beli" (Serbian Cyrillic: Бели, lit. 'The White'), is a Croatian Serb gangster, contract killer and mass murderer, who holds dual Serbian and Croatian citizenship. He is best known as one of the conspirators in the assassination of Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić.

Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
The prime minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006. Between 1992–2003 the full name of the office was President of the Federal Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbian: Preds(ј)ednik Savezne Vlade Savezne Republike Jugoslavije), while after the constitutional reforms of 2003 the title was Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Preds(ј)ednik Saveta ministara Srbije i Crne Gore, literally translated as President of the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro). The office was merged in 2003 with the head of state, providing for one person to hold both the office of President of Serbia and Montenegro and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro.
Ptychocroca lineabasalis
Ptychocroca lineabasalis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Chile (Santiago Province, Maule Region, Bío Bío Region and Valparaíso Region).

Adults are on wing from October to December.

Valparaíso Region
The Valparaíso Region (Spanish: Región de Valparaíso, pronounced [valpaɾaˈiso]) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. With the country's second-highest population of 1,896,053 as of 2024, and fourth-smallest area of 16,396.1 km2 (6,331 sq mi), the region is Chile's second most densely populated after the Santiago Metropolitan Region to the southeast. The region also includes Chile's remote islands of the Pacific Ocean, including Rapa Nui and the Juan Fernandez Islands.

Its capital is the port city of Valparaíso; other important cities include Viña del Mar, Quillota, San Felipe, Quilpué, Villa Alemana, and San Antonio.
Louise L. Sloan
Louise Littig Sloan (May 31, 1898 – March 1, 1982) was an American ophthalmologist and vision scientist. She is credited for being a pioneer of the sub-division of clinical vision research, contributing more than 100 scientific articles in which she either authored or co-authored. Her most notable work was in the area of visual acuity testing where she developed and improved equipment. Sloan received her Ph.D. from Bryn Mawr College in experimental psychology. She spent a short period of time in both Bryn Mawr's experimental psychology program as well as the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School. The majority of her career, however, was spent at Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute where she directed the Wilmer Laboratory of Physiological Optics for 44 years. In 1971, Sloan was the second woman awarded the prestigious Edgar D. Tillyer Award by Optica (formerly Optical Society (OSA) for her many achievements in the field of vision.

Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute
The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, also referred to as the Wilmer Eye Institute, is a component of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Ophthalmologist William Holland Wilmer opened the Wilmer Eye Institute in 1925. Its home was completed four years later. Wilmer received an M.D. degree from the University of Virginia in 1885 and worked in New York, Washington D.C., in addition to Baltimore, where he established the institute. Alan C. Woods succeeded Wilmer as director in 1934. The third director, A. Edward Maumenee succeeded Woods in 1955. Arnall Patz became the fourth director in 1979. Morton F. Goldberg became director in 1989. Peter J. McDonnell has been Wilmer's director since 2003.
Traditional Thai clothing
Traditional Thai clothing (Thai: ชุดไทย, RTGS: chut thai lit. 'Thai outfit') refers to the traditional styles of dress worn by the Thai people. It can be worn by men, women, and children. Traditional clothing for Thai women usually consists of a pha nung or a (chong kraben), and a sabai. Northern and northeastern women may wear a sin instead of a pha nung and a chong kraben with either a blouse or a suea pat. Chut thai for men includes a chong kraben or pants, a Raj pattern shirt, with optional knee-length white socks and a sabai. Chut thai for northern Thai men is composed of a sado, a white Manchu-styled jacket, and sometimes a khian hua. In formal occasions, people may choose to wear a so-called formal Thai national costume.

Gaung baung
The gaung baung (Burmese: ခေါင်းပေါင်း [ɡáʊɰ̃ báʊɰ̃]; Mon: သမိၚ် ဍိုပ်, [həmoiŋ dɒp]; Shan: ၶဵၼ်းႁူဝ် [kʰén.hǒ]; Northern Thai: เคียนหัว [kʰīan hǔa]) is a traditional Burmese kerchief and part of the traditional attire of many ethnic groups inhabiting modern day Burma and Northern Thailand, particularly among most of the Buddhist-professing ethnic groups: the Bamar, Mon, Arakanese, Shan, and Tai Yuan peoples. The design varies from region to region, but share basic similarities that distinguish the gaung baung from the kerchief.

Gaung baung literally means "head wrap" in the Burmese language. It is part of traditional ceremonial attire, worn at formal gatherings and ceremonies. The gaung baung is almost always a sign of rank, though no insignia or pattern exists to denote it. The gaung baung is more prevalent among the Arakanese and Shan ethnic groups.
SS Brown Victory
Brown Victory was a Maritime Commission type VC2-S-AP2 Victory ship built during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. The ship was built by Oregon Shipbuilding Company Portland as Maritime Commission hull 171, yard number 1225. Her keel was laid on  25 February 1945. She was named for Brown University and christened on 2 May 1945. The ship was completed and delivered to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) with operation under WSA agreement by the Alaska Packers' Association on 27 March 1945. That agreement remained in effect until 2 July 1946.

Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for WW2. Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war. The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle.

War Shipping Administration
The War Shipping Administration (WSA) was a World War II emergency war agency of the US government, tasked to purchase and operate the civilian shipping tonnage the United States needed for fighting the war. Both shipbuilding under the Maritime Commission and ship allocation under the WSA to Army, Navy or civilian needs were closely coordinated though Vice Admiral Emory S. Land who continued as head of the Maritime Commission while also heading the WSA.  Among its programs was building the fleet of Liberty Ships and Victory Ships.