hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
30th Division (United Kingdom)
The British 30th Division was a New Army division that was originally made up of battalions raised by public subscription or private patronage.  The division was taken over by the British War Office in August 1915 and moved to France in December.  It served on the Western Front for the duration of the First World War.

Royal Scots Fusiliers
The Royal Scots Fusiliers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that existed from 1678 until 1959 when it was amalgamated with the Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment) to form the Royal Highland Fusiliers (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment) which was later itself merged with the Royal Scots, King's Own Scottish Borderers, the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons) to form a new large regiment, the Royal Regiment of Scotland.
PPPO
PPPO is an abbreviation and can mean:

Pacific Plant Protection Organization, a Regional Plant Protection Organization under the International Plant Protection Convention

Poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene oxide), an organic polymer

"PPPO", a song by Miss Kittin & The Hacker from Two

PPPO is otherwise known as Pretty Porky and Pissed Off, the Canadian fat activist and performance art collective based in Toronto, Ontario from 1996 – 2005.

Pretty Porky and Pissed Off
Pretty Porky & Pissed Off (PPPO) was a Canadian fat activist and performance art collective based in Toronto, Ontario from 1996 to 2005. They used their bodies as modes of resistance against discriminatory language, cultural, social practices, and policies. Their feminist, queer, and LGBT politics were part of the DIY ethics of punk rock and the Riot Grrrl movement, and feminist activism. PPPO was a Canadian trailblazer in the international fat liberation movement.
Chen Fenghuai
Chen Feng Huai (Chinese: 陈封怀, 16 May 1900 – 13 April 1993), also spelled Chen Feng Hwai, was a Chinese botanist known primarily for his contributions to the construction and administration of botanical gardens in China.

Chen was born in 1900. He was the great-grandson of Chen Baozhen, governor of Hunan. He studied at Jinling University (later University of Nanking). He later studied at Royal Botanical Garden of Edinburgh in the 1930s. After he returned to China, he held a position at Nanchang University.

He contributed greatly to the construction of botanical gardens in China. He was the director and a co-founder of the Lushan Botanical Garden, the Zhongshan Botanical Garden in Nanjing, the Wuhan Botanical Garden and the South China Botanical Garden.

Chen died in 1993 and was buried at Lushan Botanical Garden in his beloved place, both of his career and of his family residence, along with two colleagues and fellow founders of the botanical garden, Hu Xiansu and Ren-Chang Ching.

South China National Botanical Garden
The South China National Botanical Garden (Chinese: 华南国家植物园) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (formerly Institute of Agriculture and Forestry) is a large botanical garden in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong province in southern China.
Fritzi Jane Courtney
Fritzi Jane Courtney (February 15, 1923 – August 7, 2012) was an American actress.

The only daughter of Joseph and Rose Jassem, she was born in Harlem and was raised in Brooklyn. She graduated from Brooklyn College. While attending drama school, she was employed by a tie company in New York City.

She met her future husband, Robert  Cohen at a USO during World War II. In 1946, the couple moved to Maine. They were the parents of one daughter, Jill S. Cohen.

While working for NBC affiliate, Channel 6, Fritzi became the first woman on-air drama critic in New England, reviewing theatrical productions.

She is best known for playing Mrs. Taft, the hotel owner, in three Jaws films. She played Mrs. Taft in Jaws (1975), then reprised her role in two sequels – Jaws 2 (1978) and again in Jaws: The Revenge (1987).

On August 7, 2012, Fritzi died at her residence in Portland, Maine. She was 89 years old.

Drama school
Drama school, acting school, and theatre school is an undergraduate and/or graduate school or department at a college or university, or a free-standing institution (such as the drama section at the Juilliard School) that specializes in the pre-professional training in drama and "theatre" arts, such as acting, design and technical theatre, arts administration, and related subjects. If the drama school is part of a degree-granting institution, undergraduates typically take an associate degree, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts, or, occasionally, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Design. Graduate students may take a Master of Arts, Master of Acting, Master of Science, Master of Fine Arts, Doctor of Arts, Doctor of Fine Arts, or Doctor of Philosophy degree.
Caesium bromide
Caesium bromide or cesium bromide is an ionic compound of caesium and bromine with the chemical formula CsBr. It is a white or transparent solid with melting point at 636 °C that readily dissolves in water. Its bulk crystals have the cubic CsCl structure, but the structure changes to the rocksalt type in nanometer-thin film grown on mica, LiF, KBr or NaCl substrates.

Halite
Halite (/ˈhælaɪt, ˈheɪlaɪt/ HAL-yte, HAY-lyte), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl). Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. It commonly occurs with  other evaporite deposit minerals such as several of the sulfates, halides, and borates. The name halite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for "salt", ἅλς (háls).
Arisil
Arisil or Aricil is a branch of the river Kaveri in the Tanjore district. It was the site of many a battle between the different Tamil kingdoms. One of the most notable being the 9th-century war between Nripatunga Pallava and Sri Mara Pandya in which the latter was defeated. Nripatunga was the son of Nandivarman III by a Rashtrakuta princess

The Arisil is also mentioned in the 10th chapter of the famous Tamil book Ponniyin Selvan.

Thanjavur district
Thanjavur district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. Its headquarters is Thanjavur (Tanjore) . The district is located in the delta of the Cauvery River and is mostly agrarian.
Stop Messin' Round
"Stop Messin' Round" is a song first recorded by English blues rock group Fleetwood Mac in 1968. It was written by the group's principal guitarist and singer Peter Green, with an additional credit for manager C.G. Adams. The song is an upbeat 12-bar blues shuffle and is representative of the group's early repertoire of conventional electric blues.  The lyrics deal with the common blues theme of the unfaithful lover and share elements with earlier songs.

"Stop Messin' Round" was first released in mid-1968 as the B-side of "Need Your Love So Bad", which appeared on the UK singles chart. A different take of the song was later used as the opening track on Fleetwood Mac's second UK and US albums. Music writers have viewed the song favourably, with Green's guitar work singled out as a highlight.  Other artists, such as Gary Moore and Aerosmith, have recorded renditions for their blues-inspired albums.

Cadence (magazine)
Cadence: The Independent Journal of Creative Improvised Music  is a quarterly review of jazz, blues and improvised music. The magazine covers a range of styles, from early jazz and blues to the avant-garde. Critic and historian Bob Rusch founded the magazine as a monthly in 1976 and served as publisher and coordinating editor through 2011. Musician David Haney became editor and publisher in 2012.
Journeys by Stadium DJ
Journeys by Stadium DJ is a remix Album by Paul Oakenfold. Released in 1994, the album is a more pop-oriented collection than Oakenfold's later mix discs, including several vocal tracks, but John Bush of Allmusic stated the album "showcases Oakenfold's seamless mixing ability to good effect."

Paul Oakenfold
Paul Mark Oakenfold (/ˈoʊkənˌfoʊld/; born 30 August 1963), formerly known mononymously as Oakenfold, is an English record producer, remixer, and electronic music DJ. He has created over 100 remixes for over 100 artists including U2, Moby, Madonna, Britney Spears, Massive Attack, The Cure, New Order, The Rolling Stones, The Stone Roses and Michael Jackson. Oakenfold was voted the No. 1 DJ in the World twice in 1998 and 1999 by DJ Magazine.
Ulbster
Ulbster is a scattered crofting hamlet on the eastern coast of Caithness, within the parish of Wick, in the Scottish Highlands, within the Highland Council area. The town of Wick is located seven miles north of the village along the A99 road. To the south of the village, two miles along the A99, lies the ancient port of Whaligoe, where the famous 330 steps were cut into a cliff on the instruction of Thomas Telford in 1786.

A99 road
The A99 road is entirely within the former county of Caithness in the Highland of Scotland. It runs generally north/northeast from the A9 at Latheron to Wick and to the A836 at John o' Groats. It was part of the A9 until the A9 classification was transferred to what had been the A895-A882 link between Latheron and Thurso. Between Latheron and Wick it follows, mostly, the route of one of Telford's roads.
St. Canice, Aghaboe
St. Canice is a Church of Ireland church in the hamlet of Aghaboe in County Laois and is named after St Canice, the founder of the Abbey of Aghaboe, whose ruins are adjacent. It belongs to the parish of Rathdowney in the Diocese of Cashel and Ossory. The building retains 13th century pieces from the adjacent ruins of the Augustinian abbey and, according to the website of the diocese, dates from the 19th century; however, the website of Laois county council says that it dates from the 1700s.

This building should not be confused with the Catholic church of the same name which belongs to the Catholic parish of Aghaboe; the latter building is located in the neighbouring village of Clough.

Aghaboe Abbey
The Abbey of Aghaboe is one of the most important of the abbeys and priories in County Laois. It was founded in the kingdom of Osraige by St. Canice in the 6th century. In his Vita Sancti Columbae (Life of St. Columba), Adomnán refers to the abbey, saying that its name means a (little field) of the cow: "quod Latine Campulus Bovis dicitur, Scotice vero Achadh-bou"
Sokolna
Sokolna [sɔˈkɔlna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarnówka, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Złotów County.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Eden, County Antrim
Eden is a residential settlement on the eastern edge of Carrickfergus in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, located within a larger electoral ward area of the same name. It is intersected by the Larne Road, a small section of the extensive Antrim Coast Road that connects Carrickfergus to Whitehead and the major ferry port of Larne.

Larne
Larne (from Irish Latharna, pronounced [ˈl̪ˠahəɾˠn̪ˠə], the name of a Gaelic territory) is a town on the east coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland, with a population of 18,853 at the 2021 census. It is a major passenger and freight roll-on roll-off port. Larne is within the Mid and East Antrim Borough Council area. Together with parts of the neighbouring districts of Antrim and Newtownabbey and Causeway Coast and Glens, it forms the East Antrim constituency for elections to the Westminster Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly. The civil parish is in the historic barony of Glenarm Upper.
Divided by Night
Divided by Night is electronic duo The Crystal Method's fourth studio album. The album was released on May 12, 2009. The first single, "Drown in the Now", which features vocals by Matisyahu, was released to the iTunes Store on April 14, 2009, and the second single, "Black Rainbows" was released to the Beatport store on April 28, 2009. On October 5, 2009, they released the third single, "Come Back Clean" also exclusively to Beatport.

The album was nominated at the 52nd Grammy Awards for Best Electronic/Dance Album, but lost to Lady Gaga's The Fame.

Emily Haines
Emily Savitri Haines (born 25 January 1974) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is the lead singer, keyboardist and songwriter of the rock band Metric and a member of the musical collective Broken Social Scene. As a solo artist, she has performed under her own name and as Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton. Haines possesses the vocal range of a mezzo-soprano.
Central Texas Conference
The Central Texas Conference (CTC), also called the Central Texas Junior College Conference, was a junior college athletic conference with member schools located in Texas that operated from 1933 to 1939. The conference was formed on in April 1933 with seven charter members: Decatur Baptist College (known as Dallas Baptist University), Hillsboro Junior College (now known as Hill College), John Tarleton Agricultural College (now known as Tarleton State University), North Texas Agricultural College (now known as the University of Texas at Arlington), Ranger Junior College (now known as Ranger College), Texas Military College, and Weatherford Junior College (now known as Weatherford College). Hillsboro, John Tarleton, North Texas Agricultural, Ranger, And Texas Military College withdrew from the Texas Junior College Athletic Association to form the Central Texas Conference.

The Central Texas Conference was merged into the Texas Junior College Conference in 1939.

Texas Military College
Texas Military College (TMC) was a private junior college, high school, and primary school located in Terrell, Texas, that operated from 1915 to 1949. The college was founded and owned by Louis Clausiel Perry, who served as president until 1926. Perry retired in the fall of 1926 due to failing health was succeeded as president by Odie Minatra, who previously served as superintendent of the State Orphans Home in Corsicana, Texas. Perry died of cancer, on November 2, 1926, at the college. His widow, Minnie E. Perry, ran the school until 1949, when she sold the school's property to the Southern Bible Institute, which established Southwestern Christian College.
Laurențiu Dumănoiu
Laurenţiu Dumănoiu (23 June 1951 – 21 October 2014) was a Romanian volleyball player. He won bronze medals at the 1971 and 1977 European championships and 1980 Olympics, placing fifth in 1972. At the club level he played for Dinamo București and won with them the CEV Cup in 1979 and seven national titles.

CEV Cup
The CEV Cup is the second tier official competition for men's Volleyball clubs of Europe. The competition takes place every year.

Until 2000, it was the CEV Cup Winners' Cup. In 2000 it was renamed to CEV Top Teams Cup and in 2007 to CEV Cup. The former CEV Cup was renamed to CEV Challenge Cup.
Kotogwanda
Kotogwanda (also spelled Koto Ngonda) is a village in eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Koun-Fao, Koun-Fao Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Kotogwanda was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Zanzan District
Zanzan District (French: District du Zanzan, [zɑ̃.zɑ̃]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northeast of the country. The capital of the district is Bondoukou.
Purely functional programming
In computer science, purely functional programming usually designates a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats all computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions.

Program state and mutable objects are usually modeled with temporal logic, as explicit variables that represent the program state at each step of a program execution: a variable state is passed as an input parameter of a state-transforming function, which returns the updated state as part of its return value. This style handles state changes without losing the referential transparency of the program expressions.

Purely functional programming consists of ensuring that functions, inside the functional paradigm, will only depend on their arguments, regardless of any global or local state. A pure functional subroutine only has visibility of changes of state represented by state variables included in its scope.

Data structure
In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data.
State order
A state order, or national order, is an order that is granted by a sovereign state as part of its national honours system. These orders, which are generally awarded to recipients for their accomplishments, are typically categorised as either orders of chivalry or orders of merit.

Orders that are bestowed by formerly reigning dynasties are not considered to be state orders per se, but they can be referred to as dynastic orders.

Order of merit
An order of merit is an honorific order that is conferred by a state, government, royal family, or other sovereign entity to an individual in recognition of military or civil merit. The historical background of the modern honours system of orders of merit may be traced to the emergence of chivalric orders during the Middle Ages.

Orders of merit may be bestowed as official awards by states, or as dynastic orders by royal families. In the case of modern republics, an order of merit may constitute the highest award conferred by the state authority.
2014 Vrbětice ammunition warehouse explosions
In 2014, two explosions of ammunition depots occurred in Vrbětice, Vlachovice, in the Zlín District of the Czech Republic. The first explosion occurred on 16 October, and the second on 3 December. Two people were killed in the first explosion. The cleanup of unexploded ammunition left by the blasts was finished on 13 October 2020. According to the Security Information Service and the Police of the Czech Republic, two agents from the Russian military's GRU Unit 29155 were involved in the explosions, with the motivation of disrupting weapons supplies to Ukraine. On April 29, 2024, Czech president Petr Pavel declared the investigations and information available to him confirm the event to be a Russian attack on Czech soil.

Supply depot
Supply depots are a type of military installation used by militaries to store battlefield supplies temporarily on or near the front lines until they can be distributed to military units. Supply depots are responsible for nearly all other types of materiel, except ammunition.

Supply depots are usually run by a logistics officer who is responsible for allocating supplies as necessary to units who request them.

Due to their vulnerability, supply depots are often the targets of enemy raids. In more modern times, depots have been targeted by long range artillery, long-range missiles, and bomber aircraft, due to the advantage that disrupted logistics can give to a belligerent force.

Types of supply depots include base, station, forward, and reserve supply depots.
Pristolepis fasciata
Pristolepis fasciatus, commonly known as the Malayan leaffish, is a fish in the family Pristolepididae. It lives in the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo, possibly also in southern India and China.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
ArtZuid
ARTZUID is an open-air international sculpture biennale held in Amsterdam-Zuid, in the Netherlands. The exhibition aims to reach a wide audience and draw attention to the influence of architect H. P. Berlage on the Plan-Zuid area. The first edition opened in 2009, and since then, the event has been held every two years.

Each edition includes approximately 50 to 60 sculptures by international and Dutch artists installed for a period of around four months. ARTZUID features a different theme and guest curators for each edition. The sculpture trail starts at Minervalaan 1, the Information Pavilion.

H. P. Berlage
Hendrik Petrus Berlage (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛndrɪk ˈpeːtrʏz ˈbɛrlaːɣə]; 21 February 1856 – 12 August 1934) was a Dutch architect and designer. He is considered one of the fathers of the architecture of the Amsterdam School.
Karkar Geothermal Power Plant
The Karkar Geothermal Power Plant (Karkar GTPP) (Armenian: Կարկառի երկրաջերմաէլեկտրակայան) is a proposed geothermal power plant to be constructed in Armenia. The plant will be the first of its kind in Armenia and will be situated at the Karkar site in the southernmost province of Armenia, Syunik. Initial studies envisage the construction of a 28-30 MW capacity geothermal power plant with an annual electric output of 250 million kilowatt hours (kWh) according to data provided in 2016. The Karkar GTPP will allow for the production of heat to be used in the heating of greenhouses, residential buildings, and industrial sites. Commissioned in 2008-2009, the Karkar GTPP is a unique project in Armenia in that it does not possess an analogue in the region, and positively differs from other energy producing power plants in its renewability of resources, independence from imported energy sources, as well as its minimal environmental impact.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).