hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-573
German submarine U-573 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.

Her keel was laid down 8 June 1940 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg as yard number 549. She was launched on 17 April 1941 and commissioned on 5 June with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Heinsohn (12 February 1910 – 6 May 1943) in command. Heinsohn commanded her for her entire career in the Kriegsmarine. In May 1941 he had arranged that the city of Landeck in Tyrol adopted the submarine within the then popular sponsorship programme (Patenschaftsprogramm), organising gifts and holidays for the crew, earning her the honorary name "U-573 Landeck".

The boat began her service career as part of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla when she conducted training; on 1 September 1941 she commenced operations with that flotilla. She was transferred to the 29th Flotilla, also for operations, on 1 January 1942. She was sold to the Spanish Navy that same year and became the Spanish submarine G-7.

3rd U-boat Flotilla
The 3rd U-boat Flotilla (German 3. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as  Lohs Flotilla, was the third operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on 4 October 1937 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hans Eckermann, it was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Johannes Lohs. Lohs, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on 14 August 1918 after his submarine UB-57 was sunk by a mine.

The flotilla, under the name "Lohs Flotilla", was founded in Kiel in June 1937 and existed until December 1939. The flotilla was re-founded as "3rd Flotilla" in March 1941 with its base in Kiel. In October 1941 the flotilla was moved to La Pallice, La Rochelle in France. In August 1944 the last U-boats left the base for Norway and the flotilla was disbanded in October 1944.
Point of Rocks Tank
Point of Rocks Tank is a former dam and reservoir now broken, on Rincon Arroyo in Doña Ana County, New Mexico. It lies at an elevation of 4,344 feet (1,324 meters) about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Point of Rocks.

The site of this reservoir is thought to be formerly one of Los Charcos del Perrillo, two waterholes of the Paraje del Perrillo a stopping place on the Jornada del Muerto.

Rincon Arroyo
Rincon Arroyo is a tributary stream or arroyo to the Rio Grande, in Doña Ana County, New Mexico. Its mouth is located at an elevation of 4,029 feet (1,228 meters) at its confluence with the Rio Grande in Rincon Valley. Its source is located at an elevation of 4,600 feet (1,400 meters) on the south slope of the hills of the Point of Rocks in Sierra County, New Mexico.
2023–24 Drake Bulldogs women's basketball team
The 2023–24 Drake Bulldogs women's basketball team represented Drake University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Bulldogs, led by third-year head coach Allison Pohlman, played their home games at the Knapp Center in Des Moines, Iowa as members of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC).

The Bulldogs finished the season 29–6, 19–1 in MVC play, to finish in first place. In the MVC tournament, they defeated Indiana State in the quarterfinals, Northern Iowa in the semifinals, and Missouri State to win the MVC tournament championship and earn the conference's automatic bid into the NCAA tournament. They received the #12 seed in the Albany Regional 2, where they would lose to #5 region seed Colorado in the first round.

2023–24 Colorado Buffaloes women's basketball team
The 2023–24 Colorado Buffaloes women's basketball team represented the University of Colorado Boulder during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Buffaloes were led by eighth year head coach JR Payne and played their home games at the CU Events Center in their last season as members of the Pac-12 Conference before they will rejoin the Big 12 Conference in the 2024–25 season.
HumGen
The Centre of Genomics and Policy (previously the HumGen team) is affiliated with McGill University and the Genome Innovation Centre Canada. The Centre was launched to respond to the urgent need for informed public policy and analyses on socio-ethical issues related to human genetics research at the international, national, and provincial levels. Its website provides policy makers and the public access to policy statements concerning genetic research.

Human genetics
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling.

Genes are the common factor of the qualities of most human-inherited traits. Study of human genetics can answer questions about human nature, can help understand diseases and the development of effective  treatment and help us to understand the genetics of human life. This article describes only basic features of human genetics; for the genetics of disorders please see: medical genetics.  For information on the genetics of DNA repair defects related to accelerated aging and/or increased risk of cancer please see: DNA repair-deficiency disorder.
John Greenwood (surgeon)
Dr John Edward Greenwood AM is an English-Australian surgeon. He has been head of the burns service at the Royal Adelaide Hospital since 2001. He was the South Australian Australian of the Year for 2016.

Greenwood was born in Lancashire, England, and studied medicine at the University of Manchester. He moved to Adelaide in 2001 when he was headhunted to run the Adult Burns Unit.

Greenwood was made an Honorary Member of the Order of Australia on 17 October 2003 as part of a special honours list for providing medical assistance to victims of the 2002 Bali bombings. His career has been in treating acute burns patients. He has developed new techniques and skin substitutes to treat severe burns. He was awarded Doctor of Health Sciences in 2013 for a thesis documenting the establishment of the Adult Burn Service in South Australia.

Australian of the Year
The Australian of the Year is a national award conferred on an Australian citizen by the National Australia Day Council, a not-for-profit Australian Government-owned social enterprise. Similar awards are also conferred at the state and territory level.
Yusuf Bey
Yusuf Bey (born Joseph Stephens; December 21, 1935 – September 30, 2003) was an American Black Muslim activist and leader who was a member of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam, an offshoot of Louis Farrakhan's Nation of Islam (NOI).

After discovering the teachings of Elijah Muhammed in the 1960s, he adopted the name Yusuf Bey and moved to Oakland, California, and then Santa Barbara, California, where in 1968 he opened a bakery. The bakery moved to Oakland by 1971. Renamed Your Black Muslim Bakery, it became the center of a local Black nationalist community. Held out at the time as a model of African-American economic self-sufficiency, the business fell apart after Bey's death and a series of murders linked to criminal activities.

Chauncey Bailey
Chauncey Wendell Bailey Jr. (October 20, 1949 – August 2, 2007) was an American journalist noted for his work primarily on issues of the African-American community. He served as editor-in-chief of the Oakland Post in Oakland, California, from June 2007 until his murder.

Bailey was shot dead on a Downtown Oakland street on August 2, 2007, the victim of a crime syndicate he was investigating for a story. His death outraged fellow journalists, who joined to create the Chauncey Bailey Project dedicated to continuing his work and uncovering the facts of his murder. In June 2011 Yusuf Bey IV, owner of the Your Black Muslim Bakery, and his associate Antoine Mackey were convicted of ordering Bailey's murder. A third man, bakery handyman Devaughndre Broussard, had earlier confessed to being the triggerman. Bailey was the first American journalist killed for domestic reporting since 1976.
Rhytidosporum inconspicuum
Rhytidosporum inconspicuum (common name alpine appleberry) is an  inconspicuous, rhizomatous specios of shrub in the pittosporum family, Pittosporaceae. The species is found in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.

The species was first formally described in 1999 by Lindy Cayzer, Michael Crisp and Ian Telford, when they published a revision of the genus, Rhytidosporum. The species epithet, inconspicuum, was given because the plant is inconspicuous when not in flower or fruit.

Lindy W. Cayzer
Lindy Webster Cayzer CF (born 25 April 1952) is an Australian botanist.

The standard author abbreviation L.W.Cayzer is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. (The Australian Plant Name Index consistently gives her author abbreviation as L.Cayzer.)
Diostracus
Diostracus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It includes about 100 species described from the Nearctic, Palaearctic and Oriental realms. In 2013, it was expanded to include the former genera Lagodechia and Sphyrotarsus as subgenera.

Igor Grichanov
Igor Yakovlevich Grichanov (Russian: Игорь Яковлевич Гричанов; born 10 September 1958) is a Russian entomologist and ecologist. As a taxonomist, he specialised on Diptera notably Dolichopodidae. He joined the staff of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection in 1981. In 1990, he became the Head of the Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts. He wrote over 470 scientific papers (1979-2016). Не has described 26 new genera and over 400 new species of flies.
Sadaat-e-Bara
Sadat e-Bara sometimes pronounced Sadaat-e-Bahara, are a tribe of Indian Muslim Sayyids, originally elite or noble Sayyid families situated in the present-day Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh in India.

This community had considerable influence during the early 18th century Mughal Empire. Its members were also found in Hyderabad, Karnal District and Haryana, Gujarat & Karnataka, Maharashtra state in India. Some of the members of this community have migrated to Pakistan after independence and have settled in Karachi, Khairpur State in Sind and Lahore.

Karnal district
Karnal district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana, a state in North India which constitutes the National Capital Region (NCR) of the country. The city of Karnal is a part of the National Capital Region (NCR) and is the administrative headquarters of the district.

As it lies on National highway 44 (old NH-1), it has a well connected transport system to the nearby major cities like Delhi and Chandigarh. Karnal District is also well connected via railways. Karnal Junction lies on Delhi-Kalka line and major trains stops at this station. The district headquarter also has a small aerodrome known as karnal airport.
Titus 3
Titus 3 is the third and final chapter of the Epistle to Titus in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The letter is traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle, sent from Nicopolis of Macedonia (Roman province), addressed to Titus in Crete. Some scholars argue that it is the work of an anonymous follower, written after Paul's death in the first century AD. This chapter contains the author's instruction for the church as a community with responsibilities in the public realm, towards the government and also towards individuals, concluded with some personal requests for Titus before the final benediction.

Apollos
Apollos (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολλώς) was a 1st-century Alexandrian Jewish Christian mentioned several times in the New Testament. A contemporary and colleague of Paul the Apostle, he played an important role in the early development of the churches of Ephesus and Corinth.
Pierre-Edmé Babel
Pierre-Edmé Babel (Paris, 11 November 1719 – Kehl, 26 October 1775) was a Parisian sculptor, draftsman, and etcher. Babel designed pieces for the Palace of Versailles, today they are seen in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace. Works by Babel are held in the collection of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Victoria and Albert Museum and the Harvard Art Museums.

Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum is a design museum at the Andrew Carnegie Mansion in Manhattan, New York City, along the Upper East Side's Museum Mile. It is one of 19 Smithsonian Institution museums and one of three Smithsonian facilities located in New York City, along with the National Museum of the American Indian's George Gustav Heye Center in Bowling Green and the Archives of American Art New York Research Center in the Flatiron District. Unlike other Smithsonian museums, Cooper Hewitt charges an admissions fee. It is the only museum in the United States devoted to historical and contemporary design. Its collections and exhibitions explore design aesthetic and creativity from throughout the United States' history.
Würde/Salza
Würde/Salza is a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the Saalekreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was situated west of Halle (Saale). The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Teutschenthal. It was disbanded in September 2010.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Würde/Salza consisted of the following municipalities:

Angersdorf

Teutschenthal

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
EPO (publisher)
EPO (Proletarian Education, French: Education prolétarienne, Dutch: Proletarische Opvoeding) is a Belgian publisher of mainly nonfiction. Founded in 1978, it publishes approximately 25 books a year in Dutch and French, mainly centered on politics, history and sociology. These books tend to be of progressive nature. The publisher is closely linked to the Workers' Party of Belgium.

Belgian and international authors who were published by EPO include Manuel Abramowicz, Jan Blommaert, André van Bosbeke, Krista Bracke, Lucas Catherine, Noam Chomsky, Hans Depraetere, Jenny Dierickx, Eduardo Galeano, Ivo Hermans, Peter Tom Jones, Els Keytsman, Jaap Kruithof, Ludo Martens, Michael Parenti, Marc Spruyt, Paul Van Nevel, Robert Van Yper, Peter Vermeulen, Jan Willems, and Howard Zinn.

Howard Zinn
Howard Zinn (August 24, 1922 – January 27, 2010) was an American historian and a veteran of World War II. He was chair of the history and social sciences department at Spelman College, and a political science professor at Boston University. Zinn wrote more than 20 books, including his best-selling and influential A People's History of the United States in 1980. In 2007, he published a version of it for younger readers, A Young People's History of the United States.

Zinn described himself as "something of an anarchist, something of a socialist. Maybe a democratic socialist." He wrote extensively about the civil rights movement, the anti-war movement and labor history of the United States. His memoir, You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train (Beacon Press, 1994), was also the title of a 2004 documentary about Zinn's life and work. Zinn died of a heart attack in 2010, at the age of 87.
John Johnson (cricketer, born 1809)
John Johnson (1809 – 5 August 1877) was an English first-class cricketer.

Johnson was born in Nottingham in 1809 and was by profession a solicitor. His interest in cricket began when he played as a schoolboy, and he later made two appearances in first-class cricket for Nottingham in 1848, with both appearances coming against Sheffield. Johnson was the honorary secretary of a number of Nottingham based cricket clubs, and in 1859 he became the honorary secretary of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club, a post he held for ten years. During his tenure, he was instrumental in the construction of the first pavilion at Trent Bridge. After retiring, he was appointed vice-president to Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club. Johnson died on 5 August 1877 at Bassingfield, Nottinghamshire. Having amassed a large collection of books on cricket during his lifetime, upon his death he left his collection to Richard Daft.

Cricket pavilion
A cricket pavilion is a pavilion at a cricket ground. It is the main building within which the players usually change in dressing rooms and which is the main location for watching the cricket match for members and others. Pavilions can vary from modest and purely practical buildings at small venues to large and imposing edifices at some of the historic grounds where Test cricket is played.
Alex McDonald (rugby union)
Alexander McDonald (23 April 1883 – 4 May 1967) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A loose forward, McDonald represented Otago at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, between 1905 and 1913. He played 41 matches for the All Blacks including 14 as captain. McDonald played in eight internationals, including the famous "Match of the Century" against Wales. He went on to coach both the Otago and Wellington provincial teams, and was a North Island, South Island and national selector. He co-managed the All Blacks on their 1938 tour of Australia, and was assistant manager for the 1949 South African tour.

McDonald died at Dunedin on 4 May 1967, and his ashes were buried in Andersons Bay Cemetery.

1938 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia
The 1938 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia was the 16th tour by the New Zealand national rugby union team to Australia.

It followed a 1934 tour of Australia by the All Blacks, and the 1936 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand. New Zealand won all three test matches and retained the Bledisloe Cup.
Hardy Peninsula
Peninsula Hardy (sometimes called "Pen Hardy") is a peninsula at one of the most southerly extremes of South America. It is the southern landform which extends into the Drake Passage to make the Bahia Nassau. It is part of a large island called Hoste, next to Isla Navarino and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. It is located in the Commune of Cabo de Hornos, belonging to the Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region, Chile. False Cape Horn is located at the southern tip of this peninsula.

Peninsula Hardy forms the transition zone of the Hardy Formation, a late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous volcanic arc.

Cabo de Hornos, Chile
Cabo de Hornos (Cape Horn) is a Chilean commune located in the south of Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in Antártica Province, Magallanes Region. The municipality of Cabo de Hornos, located in the town of Puerto Williams, also administers the Antártica commune. It is named for Cabo de Hornos, or "Cape Horn", the southern tip of South America.
John Turner (Massachusetts politician)
John Turner, Esq. (December 12, 1712  – February 6, 1794) was a Massachusetts politician and was a delegate from Pembroke, Massachusetts to the first Massachusetts Provincial Congress in 1774. In his role as town clerk for the town of Pembroke, Massachusetts, he is known as the author of the "Pembroke Resolves".

Massachusetts Provincial Congress
The Massachusetts Provincial Congress (1774–1780) was a provisional government created in the Province of Massachusetts Bay early in the American Revolution. Based on the terms of the colonial charter, it exercised de facto control over the rebellious portions of the province, and after the British withdrawal from Boston in March 1776, the entire province. When Massachusetts Bay declared its independence in 1776, the Congress continued to govern under this arrangement for several years. Increasing calls for constitutional change led to a failed proposal for a constitution produced by the Congress in 1778, and then a successful constitutional convention that produced a constitution for the state in 1780. The Provincial Congress came to an end with elections in October 1780.
Allen Stack
Allen McIntyre Stack (January 23, 1928  – September 12, 1999) was an American competition swimmer, Olympic champion, and former world record-holder.

Stack won the gold medal in the men's 100-meter backstroke at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.  Four years later at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. He placed fourth in the final of the same event.

Stack attended Yale University, where he swam for the Yale Bulldogs swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition from 1947 to 1949.  He graduated from Yale with a bachelor's degree in 1949.  He served in the U.S. Navy from 1951 to 1954, and graduated from Columbia University Law School in 1956.  He practiced law in Honolulu, Hawaii until 1998.

Stack was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honor Swimmer" in 1979.

International Swimming Hall of Fame
The International Swimming Hall of Fame and Museum (ISHOF) is a history museum and hall of fame, located at One Hall of Fame Drive, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States, operated by private interests and serving as the central point for the study of the history of swimming in the United States and world.

ISHOF exhibits include ancient art and both reproductions and original art depicting famous moments in swimming history from ancient times to modern, swimwear, civil rights, memorabilia, and artifacts belonging to persons who have promoted or excelled in aquatics. It is recognized by FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation) as the official hall for the aquatics sports.
Franky (Skins series 6)
"Franky" is the fourth episode of the sixth series of the British teen drama Skins. It premiered on E4 in the UK on 13 February 2012. The episode is told from the point of view of character Franky Fitzgerald.

Skins series 6
Skins is a British teen drama created by father-and-son television writers Bryan Elsley and Jamie Brittain for Company Pictures. The sixth series began airing on E4 on 23 January 2012 and ended on 26 March 2012. Like the previous series, it follows the lives of the third generation of characters, which consists of Franky Fitzgerald, Rich Hardbeck, Grace Blood, Mini McGuinness, Liv Malone, Alo Creevey, brothers Nick and Matty Levan, and new character Alex Henley.
Monestiés
Monestiés (French pronunciation: [mɔnɛstje]; Occitan: Monestièr, meaning monastery) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

It is a member of the Les Plus Beaux Villages de France ("The Most Beautiful Villages of France") association.

Tarn (department)
Tarn  (French: [taʁ(n)], Occitan: [taɾ]) is a department in the Occitania region in Southern France. Named after the river Tarn, it had a population of 389844 as of 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Albi; it has a single subprefecture, Castres. In French, the inhabitants of Tarn are known as Tarnais (masculine) and Tarnaises (feminine). Its INSEE and postcode number is 81.
Zions Bancorporation
Zions Bancorporation is an American national bank headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah. It operates as a national bank rather than as a bank holding company and does business under the following seven brands: Zions Bank, Amegy Bank of Texas, California Bank and Trust, National Bank of Arizona, Nevada State Bank, Vectra Bank Colorado, and the Commerce Bank of Washington.

As of 2023, it had 416 branches and over 1 million customers. It was founded by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1873, although the church divested its interest in the bank in 1960.

National bank (United States)
In the United States, a national bank is an ordinary private bank operating within the federal government's regulatory structure, which usually but not always operates in multiple U.S. states, and is under the supervision of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Depending on the matter, it also may have to comply with some U.S. state regulations. It is legally required to be a member of the Federal Reserve System.  A national bank in the U.S. is distinguished from a state bank, whose permit or charter is granted by a state.