hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Equivalent potential temperature
Equivalent potential temperature, commonly referred to as theta-e , is a quantity that is conserved during changes to an air parcel's pressure (that is, during vertical motions in the atmosphere), even if water vapor condenses during that pressure change. It is therefore more conserved than the ordinary potential temperature, which remains constant only for unsaturated vertical motions (pressure changes).

is the temperature a parcel of air would reach, if lifted to the point of saturation, if all the water vapor in the parcel were to condense out, releasing its latent heat, and the parcel was brought adiabatically to a standard reference pressure, usually 1000 hPa (1000 mbar) which is roughly equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.
Sanae Agalmam
Sanae Agalmam is a Moroccan karateka. She represented Morocco at the 2019 African Games and she won the gold medal in the women's individual kata event. She also won the gold medal in the women's team kata event.

2019 African Games
The 12th African Games (Arabic: الألعاب الإفريقية الثانية عشرة), also known as Rabat 2019 (Arabic: الرباط 2019), were held from 19 to 31 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco. This was the first time that the African Games were hosted by Morocco following the country's readmission to the African Union in January 2017.

Later five Egyptian athletes (Abderrahmane Al Sayed, Ibrahim Moustafa, Samar Hossein, Sara Ahmed Samir, Farag Salma) were disqualified due to anti-doping violations.
Shuja Haider
Shuja Haider or Shuja Hyder (Urdu: شجاع حیدر; pronounced [ʃʊˈdʒaː ˈɦɛːdər]; born 20 November 1982) is a Pakistani singer, songwriter, composer, and record producer. Haider is best known as a playback singer for films Khuda Kay Liye (2007) and Bol (2011) and more recently for his work on Coke Studio, Pakistan. Haider served as music director for Lux Style Awards for two years. He has produced over 50 albums in his career and is considered one of the most established music producers in Pakistan today.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
Husin Kamaluddin
Husin Kamaluddin ibnu Muhammad Ali (died c. 1770) or also known as Sultan Kamaluddin Malik Al Dzahir, was the 16th Sultan of Brunei. Following his death, he was posthumously given the title of Marhum Di Luba as he lives at Luba. He is descended from the 12th Sultan of Brunei, Sultan Muhammad Ali, as the second son. The nation flourished during his rule, food was easily obtained, and he also introduced Brunei pitis, the nation's first unit of money. Additionally, he is the only sultan to have held the throne twice.

Within the grounds of the Royal Mausoleum (Royal Mausoleum) is a 4 foot (1.2 m)-tall stone known as the Batu Tarsilah. The names of all of Brunei's monarchs from Muhammad Shah to Muhammad Tajuddin, are inscribed on the stone, which was built by two muslim scholars, Datu Imam Yaakub and Pehin Khatib Haji Abdul Latif, at the request of the country's 14th and 16th Sultans, Sultans Muhyiddin and Husin Kamaluddin.

Muhammad Shah of Brunei
Muhammad Shah (born Awang Alak Betatar; died c. 1402) established the Sultanate of Brunei and was its first sultan, from 1363/68 until 1402, the year of his alleged death. The genealogy of Muhammad Shah remains unclear. He converted to Islam in the 14th century and assumed the name Sultan Muhammad Shah. Subsequent sovereigns of Brunei, governed by a Muslim administration, were referred to as sultans. Apart from becoming the Sultan of Brunei, He was also regarded as the first Sultan of Sarawak, Labuan and Sabah before the Europeans took over the three territories.
Kellom Elementary School
Kellom Elementary School, formerly the Paul Street School, is a public school located at 1311 North 24th Street in the Near North Side neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska, United States. Still maintaining a largely African American student body population, the school was regarded as a "black school" in pre-Civil Rights Movement-era Omaha. Alumni of Kellom include Fred Astaire, Gale Sayers, Bob Gibson, and Brenda Council.

Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska
The civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska, has roots that extend back until at least 1912. With a history of racial tension that starts before the founding of the city, Omaha has been the home of numerous overt efforts related to securing civil rights for African Americans since at least the 1870s.
Collenberg
Collenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈkɔlənbɛʁk]) is a municipality in the Miltenberg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. It has a population of about 2,400.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Zale buchholzi
Zale buchholzi, or Buchholz's zale, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1943. It is found in coastal pinelands of the Atlantic coastal plain from New Jersey to Florida, west along the Gulf Coast to Texas.

There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on pitch pine and pond pine in New Jersey. Larvae have also been recorded on loblolly and longleaf pine in the south.

Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South or the South Coast, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States.

The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are (from west to east) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. All are the centers or major cities of their respective metropolitan areas and many contain large ports.
Wukong Bicycle
Wukong Bicycle (Chinese: 悟空) was a bicycle-sharing company based in Chongqing, China. The company operated a fleet of 1,200 bicycles in Chongqing from January to July 2017, ceasing operations after 90 percent of their bicycles were reported missing.

Bicycle-sharing system
A bicycle-sharing system, bike share program, public bicycle scheme, or public bike share (PBS) scheme, is a shared transport service where bicycles or electric bicycles are available for shared use by individuals at low cost.

The programmes themselves include both docking and dockless systems; docking systems allow users to rent a bike from a dock (i.e. a technology-enabled bicycle rack) and return at another node or dock within the system, while dockless systems offer a node-free system relying on smart technology. In either format, systems may incorporate smartphone web mapping to locate available bikes and docks.

With its antecedents in grassroots mid-1960s efforts, by 2022, bike share schemes were offered by approximately 3,000 cities worldwide, including Dubai, New York, Paris, Mexico City, Montreal and Barcelona.
Charlie Alexander
Charlie Alexander (May 29, 1890 – February 4, 1970) was an American jazz pianist from Cincinnati, Ohio.

In 1917, he was the Band Sergeant for the 370th Infantry Regiment's band.

Alexander played in theater orchestras accompanying silent films in the early 1920s. Later that decade he moved to Chicago and found work touring with the band of J. Rosamond Johnson. Following this he played with Baby Dodds and Johnny Dodds; he and Johnny formed a trio with bassist Bill Johnson in 1928. He also played in Johnny Dodds's Washboard band alongside Lil Hardin on vocals.

At the end of the 1920s he joined Louis Armstrong's big band, playing with him until 1932. At live performances, Armstrong sometimes jokingly described Alexander as his pianist from New Orleans.

Later in his life Alexander settled in California.

J. Rosamond Johnson
John Rosamond Johnson (August 11, 1873 – November 11, 1954; usually referred to as J. Rosamond Johnson) was an American composer and singer during the Harlem Renaissance. Born in Jacksonville, Florida, much of his music career was in New York City. Johnson is hailed well over a century later as the music composer of the civic anthem "Lift Every Voice and Sing" first performed live by 500 Black American students from racially-segregated Jacksonville, Florida's First Baptist Academy, in the pivotal year of 1900. The song was published by Joseph W. Stern & Co., Manhattan, New York (later the Edward B. Marks Music Company).

J. Rosamond Johnson was the younger brother of poet and activist James Weldon Johnson, who wrote the lyrics for "Lift Every Voice and Sing". The two also worked together in causes related to the NAACP.
Cégep de Saint-Jérôme
The CEGEP of Saint-Jérôme (French: Cégep de Saint-Jérôme (CSTJ)) is a post-secondary education school in the Laurentides region of province of Quebec, Canada. There are three campuses affiliated to the CSTJ, the main one is located at Saint-Jérôme; the two others are in Mont-Tremblant and Mont-Laurier.

Mont-Tremblant
Mont-Tremblant (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ tʁɑ̃blɑ̃]) is a city in the Laurentian Mountains of Quebec, Canada, approximately 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Montreal and 140 kilometres (87 mi) northeast of Ottawa, Ontario. The current municipality with city status was formed in 2000. Mont-Tremblant is most famous for its ski resort, the Mont-Tremblant Ski Resort, which is seven kilometres from the village proper, at the foot of a mountain called Mont Tremblant (derived from local Algonquins who referred to it as the "trembling mountain").

Mont-Tremblant has a race track called Circuit Mont-Tremblant. It has hosted or currently hosts Formula One, Can-Am, Trans-Am, and Champ Car World Series competitions and Ironman triathlon, Quebec.

The surrounding area also features hiking, cycling, canoeing, fishing, golfing, ziplines, tennis, running, go-karting, and a host of other outdoor activities.
1983 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1983 Gent–Wevelgem was the 45th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 6 April 1983. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Leo van Vliet of the TI–Raleigh team.

TI–Raleigh
TI–Raleigh was a Dutch professional track cycling and road bicycle racing team between 1972 and 1983. In that decade the team won over 900 races. The team was created and led by Peter Post. In his own cycling career, his nickname was the Six Days Emperor, being a track champion. He also won the 1964 fast edition of Paris–Roubaix. Post was pretty harsh on himself. He had no time to celebrate and was always looking ahead at the next race. That attitude might have been the key to the team's success.

The team was successful in classics and in stage races. Notable riders included Joop Zoetemelk, Jan Raas, Gerrie Knetemann, Hennie Kuiper, Urs Freuler, Henk Lubberding, René Pijnen, Johan van der Velde and Dietrich Thurau. The team was known for discipline; team time trials were a speciality. The frame-building was overseen by Jan le Grand at Raleigh's SBDU Ilkeston facility.
Tauros Programme
The Tauros Programme, formerly known as TaurOs Project, is a cooperation between the Dutch foundation Stichting Taurus and universities such as the Wageningen University and Research Centre. It is an international effort to breed a type of cattle that resembles the extinct aurochs, the wild ancestor of domestic cattle.

The project largely uses hardy cattle breeds with superficial resemblance to the extinct aurochs. By crossbreeding and selective breeding it tries to establish similarity to the aurochs. The long-term goal is to release these Tauros cattle into rewilding areas.
The project was founded in 2008, and the actual breeding program started the following year.

Highland cattle
The Highland (Scottish Gaelic: Bò Ghàidhealach) (Scots: The Hieland) is a Scottish breed of rustic cattle. It originated in the Scottish Highlands and the Western Islands of Scotland and has long horns and a long shaggy coat. It is a hardy breed, able to withstand the intemperate conditions in the region. The first herd-book dates from 1885; two types – a smaller island type, usually black, and a larger mainland type, usually dun – were registered as a single breed. It is reared primarily for beef, and has been exported to several other countries.
Kandreho Formation
The Kandreho Formation is an Early Jurassic (middle or late Toarcian) geological formation of the Mahajanga Basin of Madagascar. The marly limestones of the formation were deposited in a subtidal lagoonal environment. The formation overlies the Bouleiceras and Spiriferina beds of the early Toarcian and has been correlated to the Marrat Formation of Saudi Arabia. Fossils of the marine teleosaurid thalattosuchian as well as bivalves and the ammonite Nejdia have been found in the formation. The name Kandreho Formation was proposed by Geiger in 2004.

Spiriferina
Spiriferina is an extinct genus of brachiopods that lived in the Early Jurassic. Its representatives have been reported from Europe, North Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Alaska.

The genus used to be treated more widely, so earlier reports were from the Late Silurian to the Middle Jurassic in Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and New Zealand.
Shengxun
In classical Chinese philology, shengxun (聲訓; 'voice explanation') or yinxun (音訓; 'sound explanation') is a practice found in Chinese dictionaries where characters are explained by use of a homophone or near-homophone. The practice is ancient, and is present in texts predating the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC). The  ancient Shiming (c. 200 AD) dictionary is notable for using shengxun for most of its definitions, and the highly influential Shuowen Jiezi compiled by Xu Shen c. 100 AD also employs the technique. For example, Xu's explanation of the word 'ghost' (鬼) is:

The words for 'ghost' and 'return' are near-homophones both in Xu's reading and in modern Standard Chinese. A similar explanation of the word can be found in the earlier Erya (c. 3rd century BC). Shengxun can be highly fanciful, and often results in folk etymology. Put another way, the practice points to a notion of 'cognate characters' (同源字), or what Bernhard Karlgren called "word families".

Homophone
A homophone (/ˈhɒməfoʊn, ˈhoʊmə-/) is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning or in spelling. The two words may be spelled the same, for example rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in rain, reign, and rein. The term homophone sometimes applies to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as a counterpart. Any unit with this property is said to be homophonous (/həˈmɒfənəs/).

Homophones that are spelled the same are both homographs and homonyms. For example, the word read, in "He is well read" and in "Yesterday, I read that book".

Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs, e.g. to, too, and two.
Belleville Breviary
The Belleville Breviary (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat. 10484, 2 volumes) is an illuminated breviary. It was produced in Paris some time between 1323 and 1326 by the artist known as Jean Pucelle, probably for Jeanne de Belleville, the wife of Olivier IV de Clisson. The breviary is divided into two volumes of 446 and 430 folios. Volume 1 contains the prayers used during the summer, while volume 2 contains those used during the winter.

The manuscript was owned by Jeanne de Belleville. It was later owned by Charles V of France and his son Charles VI. Charles VI gave the manuscript to his son-in-law Richard II of England. Henry IV of England gave it to Jean, Duc de Berry. Jean gave it to his niece Marie, who was a nun at Poissy. It was purchased in 1454 by another nun at Poissy, Marie Jouvenal des Ursins.

Olivier IV de Clisson
Olivier IV de Clisson (c. 1300–1343) was a Breton Marche Lord and knight who became embroiled in the intrigue of Vannes during the War of the Breton Succession and was subsequently executed by the King of France for perceived treason. He was the husband of Jeanne de Clisson, who upon his death mounted a campaign of vengeance by which she became known as the "Lioness of Brittany".
1985 Epsom Derby
The 1985 Epsom Derby (known as the Ever Ready Derby for sponsorship reasons) was the 206th annual running of the Derby horse race. It took place at Epsom Downs Racecourse on 5 June 1985.

The race was won by Lord Howard de Walden's Slip Anchor, at odds of 9/4 ridden by jockey Steve Cauthen and trained at Newmarket by Henry Cecil. The win was a first success in the race for owner, trainer and jockey. Cauthen became the first man to ride the winners of both the Kentucky Derby and the Epsom Derby.

Cocked Hat Stakes
The Cocked Hat Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 44 yards (2,253 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in May.
2008 New Zealand bravery awards
The 2008 New Zealand bravery awards were announced via a special honours list on 3 May 2008, and recognised five people for acts of bravery between 2004 and 2006. In March 2023, two further awards, to police officers Eric Tibbott and Allister Rose, previously not made public for security reasons relating to the New Zealand Police, were published.

Crown Honours Lists
Crown Honours Lists are lists of honours conferred upon citizens of the Commonwealth realms. The awards are presented by or in the name of the reigning monarch, currently King Charles III, or his vice-regal representative.
Shankarrao Bobdey
Shankarrao Bajirao Bobdey (1915-2007) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament  representing Maharashtra in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as member of the Indian National Congress.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
2015 Mersin Cup – Doubles
Radu Albot and Jaroslav Pospíšil were the defending champions, but Pospíšil did not play. Albot partnered with Matteo Viola, but they lost to Riccardo Ghedin and Ramkumar Ramanathan in the first round.

Mate Pavić and Michael Venus won the title, defeating Ghedin and Ramanathan in the final, 5–7, 6–3, [10–4].

Matteo Viola
Matteo Viola (Italian pronunciation: [matˈtɛːo viˈɔːla, - ˈvjɔː-]; born 7 July 1987) is an Italian former professional tennis player. He competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking, No. 118 on 18 March 2013 and his highest ATP doubles ranking, No. 171 on 24 September 2012.
Otto Brandenburg
Otto Herman Max Brandenburg (4 September 1934 – 1 March 2007) was a Danish musician, singer and actor. He is often credited as Denmark's first Rock and roll singer and was considered a teen idol in the 1950s and 60s.

Brandenburg released music and performed as an actor in Denmark, Sweden, and Germany. Some of his records in Germany were released under the pseudonym Ole Brandenburg. Over the course of his career, he performed in around 60 films and series.

Vivi Bach
Vivi Bach (3 September 1939 – 22 April 2013) was a Danish film actress. She appeared in 48 films between 1958 and 1974. Bach was born as Vivi Bak in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died on Ibiza, Spain, where she lived with her husband, the Austrian film actor Dietmar Schönherr.
Blackfriars Massacre
42°21′13″N 71°03′29″W﻿ / ﻿42.3535°N 71.0580°W﻿ / 42.3535; -71.0580

The 1978 Blackfriars Massacre, also known as the Blackfriars murders, is an unsolved Irish Mob and/or Italian-American Mafia massacre that occurred on 18 June 1978, at Blackfriars bar in Downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Five people were killed, including former Channel 7 investigative news anchorman, Jack Kelly, dead, allegedly over a robbery gone wrong.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
John Sichula
John "Big Joe" Sichula (4 February 1955 — 1 October 1994 (aged 39)), was a Zambian amateur featherweight and professional super feather/light/light welterweight boxer of the 1970s and '80s who as an amateur qualified for (but withdrew from) the Boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, won a bronze medal at featherweight at the 1978 All-Africa Games, won the silver medal at featherweight in the Boxing at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada losing the final against Azumah Nelson of Ghana, and as a professional won the African Boxing Union (ABU) lightweight title, ABU super featherweight title, and Commonwealth Super featherweight title (3-occasions), and was a challenger for the All African Super Featherweight Title against Sam Akromah, his professional fighting weight varied from 127+3⁄4 lb (57.9 kg; 9 st 1.8 lb), i.e. super featherweight to 135+1⁄2 lb (61.5 kg; 9 st 9.5 lb), i.e. light welterweight.

1978 Commonwealth Games
The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, from 3 to 12 August, two years after the 1976 Summer Olympics was held in Montreal, Quebec. They were boycotted by Nigeria, in protest at New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, as well as by Uganda, in protest at alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi Amin. The Bid Election was held at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

This was the first Commonwealth Games where a computerized system was used to handle ticket sales. This was the first Commonwealth Games to be named under the current title as Commonwealth Games, having dropped British. The Games were opened by Queen Elizabeth II for the first time since becoming Queen in 1952.