hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apsethus the Libyan
Apsethus the Libyan (Greek: Ἄψεθος, 2nd century AD) was an occultist. Multiple accounts mentioned his mystic and occult skills. Apsethus attempted to prove that he was divine, leading to claims that he desired to become God. He was compared with Simon Magus.

Apsethus asserted himself to be God. He trained parrots that flew around Northern Africa, uttering the phrase "Apsethus is God". The Libyans sacrificed to Apsethus, as they started believing him to be a voice from Heaven.
Later a Greek caught one of these parrots. He trained the parrot to say, "Apsethus, having caged us, compelled us to say Apsethus is a god". Eventually, the Libyans burned Apsethus.

Demographics of Libya
Libya is a country on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa, to the west of and adjacent to Egypt. Tripoli is the capital of the country and is the city with the largest population. Benghazi is Libya's second largest city. All demographics figures are from the United Nations Demographic Yearbooks, unless otherwise indicated.
Viktor Hackberg
Viktor Engelbrekt Hackberg (August 13, 1891 – November 5, 1968) was a Swedish track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. In 1912, Hackberg finished 13th in the hammer throw competition. He also participated in the decathlon competition but retired after three events.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon
The men's decathlon was a track and field athletics event held as part of the athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. The competition was held from Saturday, July 13, 1912, to Monday, July 15, 1912. It was the first time the decathlon, which had been introduced in 1911, was held at the Olympics; a different ten-event competition, the all-around, had been contested in St. Louis in 1904. Twenty-nine decathletes from twelve nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.
Colletotrichum gossypii
Colletotrichum gossypii is a plant pathogen. This fungus is affiliated with cotton plants where it causes anthracnose. Its reproduction in the plants is asexual. The conidia have only one nucleus. Before conidia germination fusion by mean of conidial anastomosis tube could happen. The conidia could germinate in media plates.

Canker
A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather (via frost or windstorm damage) and animal damage can also cause stress to the plant resulting in cankers. Other causes of cankers is pruning when the bark is wet or using un-sterilized tools.

Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease.
Bluesette
Bluesette is a jazz standard, composed by Toots Thielemans.  First recorded by Toots Thielemans in 1962, with lyrics added by Norman Gimbel, the song became an international hit. It has since been covered by over one hundred artists.

Thielemans received Grammy Award nominations for Best Instrumental Theme in 1964 and Best Jazz Instrumental Solo in 1992 for the song.

In 2000, Bluesette was inducted in the Radio 2 Hall of Fame.

Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition
The Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition (including its previous names) has been awarded since 1960. The award is presented to the composer of an original piece of music (not an adaptation), first released during the eligibility year. In theory, any style of music is eligible for this category, but winning compositions are usually in the jazz or film score genres.
Fast packet switching
In telecommunications, fast packet switching is a variant of packet switching that increases the throughput by eliminating overhead associated with flow control and error correction functions, which are either offloaded to upper layer networking protocols or removed altogether. ATM and Frame Relay are two major implementations of fast packet switching.

Error detection and correction
In information theory and coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunications, error detection and correction (EDAC) or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels. Many communication channels are subject to channel noise, and thus errors may be introduced during transmission from the source to a receiver. Error detection techniques allow detecting such errors, while error correction enables reconstruction of the original data in many cases.
Marc Ledoux
Marc Philippe Ledoux (born 4 March 1986 in La Louvière) is a Belgian Paralympic table tennis player with cerebral palsy. His father, Alain Ledoux, also competed in Paralympic table tennis. Marc Ledoux has won two medals at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He has won two European titles and also won silver and bronze medals in team events with Mathieu Loicq and Nico Vergeylen.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
IRiver X20
The iRiver X20 is a small, flash memory based portable media player (PMP) from iRiver. It was announced at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show. Initially only 2 and 4 GB versions were announced but soon an 8 GB was also released.

Consumer Electronics Show
CES (formerly an initialism for Consumer Electronics Show) is an annual trade show organized by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Held in January at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada, United States, the event typically hosts presentations of new products and technologies in the consumer electronics industry.
Murray Mitchell
Murray Cooper Mitchell (March 19, 1923 – June 11, 2013) was an American professional basketball player.

He played college basketball for Sam Houston State where he was a three time All-Lone Star Conference first team member. His college career was interrupted by World War II where he served in Europe. Following the war, he returned to Sam Houston. During the 1946–47 season, he set a conference scoring record with 285 points in 12 games.

After his collegiate career, Mitchell was selected in the 1948 BAA Draft by the Boston Celtics. In August 1949, he signed with the Anderson Packers where he appeared in two games, averaging 1.0 point and 1.0 assist per contest. He died in 2013.

Lone Star Conference
The Lone Star Conference (LSC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level. Member institutions are located in the South Central states, with schools in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico, with two members in the Pacific Northwest states of Oregon and Washington competing as affiliates for football only.

The Lone Star Conference operates from the same headquarters complex in the Dallas suburb of Richardson as the American Southwest Conference.
Fagal
Fagal (Arabic: فغال) is a coastal location in eastern Djibouti. It lies north of Obock. It lies along the N15 road, connected to the Eritrean border at Rahayta to the north. The peninsula strip nearby is called the Ras Siyyan. Just to the south is Herkale Airport and the village of Khor `Angar.

Khôr ʽAngar
Khôr ʽAngar (Arabic: خور عنجر) is a town in the northern Obock Region of Djibouti, situated on the west coast of the Bab el Mandeb Strait. The town is served by Herkale Airport, a desert airstrip 7 kilometres (4 mi) northwest.
Yaakov Luban
Rabbi Yaakov Luban is the rabbi of Congregation Ohr Torah in Edison, New Jersey, United States. He is also the Executive Rabbinic Coordinator at the Orthodox Union Kosher and is a member of the Va'ad HaRabbonim of Raritan Valley. He learned under Rabbi Chaim Shmuelevitz in the Mirrer Yeshiva in Jerusalem, Israel. He also learned in Talmudical Yeshiva of Philadelphia and in Beth Medrash Govoha(BMG). He received his rabbinic ordination in 1979 from Rabbi Shneur Kotler.

His brother, Rabbi Binyomin Luban is the rosh yeshiva in Yeshiva Chafetz Chaim of Florida.

Beth Medrash Govoha
Beth Medrash Govoha (Hebrew: בית מדרש גבוה, pronounced: Beis Medrash Gavo'ha. lit: "High House of Learning"; also known as Lakewood Yeshiva or BMG) is a Haredi Jewish Litvishe yeshiva in Lakewood Township, New Jersey. It was founded by Rabbi Aharon Kotler in 1943 and is the second-largest yeshiva in the world, after Mir Yeshiva in Jerusalem. As of 2025, it had over 9,000 students, between bochurim (unmarried members) and married with Kollel status. The principal Rosh yeshiva since 1982 is Rabbi Malkiel Kotler. Talmud and halakha studies in the institution are carried in the form of over 200 small groups, Chaburos, which consist of several students mentored by a veteran, each pursuing its own specific curriculum with an emphasis on individual learning.
Bohoniki
Bohoniki [bɔxɔˈniki] (Polish Arabic: بوـحـونيكي) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokółka, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

Belarusian Arabic alphabet
The Belarusian Arabic alphabet or the Belarusian Arabica was based on the Perso-Arabic script and was developed in the 15th or 16th century. It consisted of 28 graphemes, including several additions to represent Belarusian phonemes not found in the Arabic language.

The Belarusian Arabic alphabet was used by the Lipka Tatars, who had been invited to settle in the eastern territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—a region that now comprises modern-day Belarus. During the 14th–16th centuries they gradually stopped using their own language and started using the Ruthenian language (modern Belarusian and Ukrainian) rendered in the Belarusian Arabic alphabet. Books of that literary tradition are known in Belarusian as Kitab (Belarusian: Кітаб), which is Arabic for 'book' or 'written material'.

Some Polish texts were also written in the Arabic script in the 17th century or later.
Legislative districts of Davao del Norte
The legislative districts of Davao del Norte are the representation of the province of Davao del Norte in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second congressional districts.

Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
Santo Tomas, officially the Municipality of Santo Tomas (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Santo Tomas; Tagalog: Bayan ng Santo Tomas), is a municipality in the province of Davao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 128,667 people.
Rita Horvath
Rita Horvath is a Hungarian neurologist and researcher. She completed her PhD on mitochondrial disease and research in Munich from 1999 to 2007.

She researches key molecular diseases and their mechanisms, with the aim of developing treatments for patients with rare inherited neurological conditions.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Ptolemy (son of Seleucus)
Ptolemy (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος; died 333 BC) was the son of Seleucus, of a noble family of Orestis or Tymphaia, a Somatophylakes and a Taxiarch commanding of one of the divisions of the phalanx during the Persian campaigns of Alexander the Great. In 334 BC he was selected by the king to command the body of Macedonians who were allowed to return home for the winter on the account that he was newly wed. In the following spring he rejoined Alexander at Gordium, with the troops under his command, accompanied by fresh reinforcements. At the Battle of Issus (333 BC) his division of the phalanx was one of those opposed to the Greek mercenaries under Darius III, and upon which the real brunt of the action consequently devolved; and he himself fell in the conflict, after displaying the utmost valour.

Taxiarch
The word taxiarch (Greek: ταξίαρχος, romanized: taxiarchos (masculine); ταξιάρχη, taxiarchē (feminine)) is used in the Greek language to mean "brigadier". The term derives from  táxis 'order', in military context meaning 'an ordered formation'. It is cognate with the scientific term taxonomy. In turn, the rank has given rise to the Greek term for brigade, taxiarchia. In Greek Orthodox Church usage, the term is also applied to the archangels Michael and Gabriel, as leaders of the heavenly host, and several locations in Greece are named after them.
Imentet
Imentet (Ament, Amentet or Imentit, meaning "She of the West") was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion representing the necropolises west of the Nile.

She was the consort of Aqen, a god who guided Ra through parts of the underworld. Although she was never officially worshipped, she was mentioned in various hymns and passages of the Book of the Dead.

Aqen
Aqen was a rarely mentioned ancient Egyptian deity of the underworld. He is first mentioned in the famous Book of the Dead. There, he guided the sun god Ra as the "protector of Ra's celestial bark" by "bringing the shen-ring to his majesty". He was also described as the "mouth of the time", from which the gods and demons pulled the "rope of time", as described in the tomb of king Seti I.
Bangsamoro transition period
The transition period of the now-defunct Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) into the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) began when the Bangsamoro Organic Law was ratified in a two-part plebiscite held in January and February 2019. It is set to end after the first set of regular officials are elected in 2025.

Department of Budget and Management
The Department of Budget and Management (DBM; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Badyet at Pamamahala) is an executive body under the Office of the President of the Philippines. It is responsible for the sound and efficient use of government resources for national development and also as an instrument for the meeting of national socio-economic and political development goals.

The department has four undersecretaries and four assistant secretaries.
Red-footed booby
The red-footed booby (Sula sula) is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae. Adults always have red feet, but the colour of the plumage varies. They are powerful and agile fliers, harnessing the wind to fly efficiently, but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings. They forage by catching flying fish from above the ocean's surface and by performing shallow dives. They are found widely in the tropics, and breed colonially in coastal regions, especially isolated islands such as St. Brandon, Mauritius (Cargados Carajos shoals), and the Chagos Archipelago. Although its population is declining, it is considered to be a least-concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It faces threats  from climate change, competition with fisheries, human disturbance, and invasive species.

Sulidae
The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies. Collectively called sulids, they are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish and similar prey. The 10 species in this family are often considered congeneric in older sources, placing all in the genus Sula. However, Sula (true boobies) and Morus (gannets) can be distinguished via morphological, behavioral, and DNA sequence characters. Abbott's booby (Papasula) is given its own genus, as it stands apart from both in these respects. It appears to be a distinct and ancient lineage, maybe closer to the gannets than to the true boobies.
SS Ceuta
Ceuta was the name of four steamships of the Oldenburg Portuguese Line (German: Oldenburg Portugiesische Dampschiffs Rhederei).

SS Ceuta (1912), seized as a war prize in 1920

SS Ceuta (1923), sold in 1927

SS Ceuta (1929), seized as a war prize in 1945

SS Ceuta (1955), sold in 1971.

SS Ceuta (1929)
Ceuta was a 2,719 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1929 for the Oldenburg-Portugiesische Dampfschiffs-Reederei. She was sunk during an air raid in 1943, but later raised, repaired and returned to service. She was seized as a war prize in 1945, passed to the British Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Camel.

In 1946 she was passed to the Danish Government and renamed Rinkenæs. In 1947 she was sold to the Faroe Islands and renamed Oyrnafjall. In 1956 she was sold back to the Oldenburg-Portugiesische Dampfschiffs-Reederei and renamed Safi, serving until scrapped in January 1960.
Rabah Khelidi
Rabah Khelidi (born 18 January 1977) is an Algerian professional football player who currently plays  as a midfielder for Algerian Ligue 2 club RC Kouba. Khelidi was taken to the Court of Arbitration for Sport in a case which showed that he began his career with a false name 'Samir Khelidi'.

RC Kouba
Raed Chabab Kouba (Arabic: رائد شباب القبة), known as RC Kouba or simply RCK for short, is an Algerian football club based in Kouba, a district of Algiers. The club was founded in 1945 and its colours are green and white. Their home stadium, Mohamed Benhaddad Stadium, has a capacity of some 10,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue 2.

On August 5, 2020, RC Kouba promoted to the Algerian Ligue 2.
Clara Law
Clara Law Cheuk-yiu (traditional Chinese: 羅卓瑤; simplified Chinese: 罗卓瑶; pinyin: Luó Zhuóyáo; Jyutping: lo4 coek3 jiu4; born 29 May 1957) is a Hong Kong Second Wave film director who moved to Australia with her partner and fellow filmmaker Eddie Fong. She is known for such films as Floating Life and Autumn Moon.

International Women's Film Festival (France)
48°47′28″N 2°27′47″E﻿ / ﻿48.791°N 2.463°E﻿ / 48.791; 2.463
The International Women's Film Festival, formerly known as Créteil International Women's Film Festival (in French Festival International de Films de Femmes  (FIFF); formerly Festival international de films de femmes de Créteil), also known simply as Films des Femmes, is an annual film festival held in Créteil, France.
GWR 2600 Class
The Great Western Railway (GWR) 2600 or Aberdare class was a class of 2-6-0 steam locomotive built between 1900 and 1907. They were a freight and light mineral development of the 3300 Bulldog and 4100 Badminton classes, both 4-4-0 locomotives. Therefore, the design was adapted and became a 2-6-0 type; the resulting locomotives were used for hauling coal trains between Aberdare and Swindon.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
Luxolo Koza
Luxolo Koza (born 18 September 1994) is a South African professional rugby union player for the Falcons in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. He is a utility forward, but has mainly played as a loosehead prop in first class rugby.

Pumas (Currie Cup)
The Pumas are a South African professional rugby union team that competes in the Premier Division of the Currie Cup. The team draws their players from Mpumalanga Province (formerly known as the South Eastern Transvaal) and plays at the Mbombela Stadium in Mbombela, having previously also played at the Puma Stadium in Witbank.

The Pumas are a well supported team throughout Mpumalanga Province, with large fan bases located in Witbank, Middelburg, Ermelo and Mbombela.
Punnami Naagu (1980 film)
Punnami Naagu is a 1980 Indian Telugu-language horror drama film directed by Rajasekhar and produced by AVM Productions. The film brought recognition to Chiranjeevi and his first Filmfare nomination. The other leads in the film, including Rati Agnihotri, Narasimha Raju and Padmanabham played important roles. The film was released on 13 June 1980. It is a remake of the director's own Kannada film Hunnimeya Rathriyalli. It also marked the Telugu debut for Malayalam actress, Menaka G. Suresh.

Menaka (actress)
Menaka Suresh, (born Padmavathi Iyengar) known mononymously as Menaka, is an Indian actress and film producer. She made her debut in the 1980 Tamil film Ramayi Vayasukku Vanthutta. In an acting career spanning from 1980 to 1987, Menaka appeared in over 125 films as a heroine, mostly in Malayalam. She also appeared in few Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Hindi films. She married Malayalam film producer G. Suresh Kumar. After 19 years, she made a comeback through the television serial Kaliveedu. At 8th SIIMA, she received SIIMA Lifetime Achievement Award.
Bracht (surname)
Bracht is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Bracht (1915–1978), Belgian alpine skier

Erich Franz Eugen Bracht (1882–1969), German pathologist and gynaecologist

Eugen Bracht (1842–1921), German landscape painter

Frank Bracht (1910–1985), American film and music editor

Franz Bracht (1877–1933), German jurist and politician

Fritz Bracht (1899–1945), Nazi Gauleiter of Upper Silesia

Helmut Bracht (1929–2011), German footballer

Kai Bracht (born 1978), German ski jumper

Timo Bracht (born 1975) German triathlete

Travis Bracht, American singer and guitarist

Uwe Bracht (1953–2016), German football player

Franz Bracht
Clemens Emil Franz Bracht (23 November 1877 – 26 November 1933) was a German jurist and politician.

Born in Berlin, he studied law at the University of Würzburg and the University of Berlin. He joined the Centre Party and on 18 December 1924 became Supreme Burgomaster (Oberbürgermeister) of Essen. After German Chancellor Franz von Papen and President Paul von Hindenburg ousted the elected government of Prussia and made Papen Prussian Reich commissioner in the Prussian coup d'état, Bracht was appointed a "Deputy Commissioner" for the Interior in Prussia on 27 July 1932. He left the Centre Party and resigned as Burgomaster on 31 October 1932.

On 29 October 1932 he had become a Minister without portfolio in Papen's cabinet. Under Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher he briefly served as Reich Minister of the Interior from 3 December  1932. He had to resign when Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor on 30 January 1933.