hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abegg
Abegg is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruno Erhard Abegg (1803–1848), Prussian statesman

Elisabeth Abegg (1882–1974), German educator and resistance fighter

Jemina Pearl Abegg (born 1987), American rock singer

Jimmy Abegg (born 1954), American musical and visual artist

Johann Friedrich Abegg (1765–1840), German theologian

Julius Friedrich Heinrich Abegg (1796–1868), German criminalist

Lily Abegg (1901–1974), Swiss journalist

Marisa Abegg (born 1987), American soccer player

Richard Abegg (1869–1910), German chemist

Jimmy Abegg
Jimmy Abegg (born December 29, 1954), also known as Jimmy A, is an American musician who grew up in Alliance, Nebraska and is currently living in Nashville, Tennessee.

In 1985, Abegg was a founding member of the progressive rock band Vector from Sacramento, California, which included Steve Griffith, Charlie Peacock, Aaron Smith (drums 1985) and Bruce Spencer (drums 1985–89). In the 1990s, he played as a solo musician, then joined Rich Mullins' A Ragamuffin Band and was also a member of Charlie Peacock's Acoustic Trio. He has created a variety of album artwork for artists such as Phil Keaggy, Michael W. Smith, and Chris Taylor among others. Abegg has written or co-written songs for Susan Ashton and Ji Lim. He completed a series for Vanderbilt Children's Hospital. Abegg also collaborated with Kevin Max on a collection of illustrated poems entitled At the Foot of Heaven in 1995.

Abegg is affected by macular degeneration, but continues to paint.
Soans
Soans is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Lembit Soans (1885–1966), Estonian architect and urban planner

Johannes Soans (1867–1941), Estonian politician

Robin Soans (born 1946), British actor and playwright

Anton Lembit Soans
Anton Lembit Soans (September 17, 1885 Oranienbaum, Russia – November 26, 1966 Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian architect, urban planner and lecturer. He was one of the founding members of the Estonian Architects Union.
Aday, Kukmara District
Aday (Tatar: Адай) is a rural locality (a derevnya) in Kukmara District, Tatarstan. The population was 465 as of 2010.
Aday, Kukmara District is located 18 km from Kukmаra, district's administrative centre, and 149 km from Kazan, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 17th century.
There are 7 streets in the village.

Kukmor
Kukmor (Russian: Ку́кмор; Tatar: Кукмара) is a city and the administrative center of Kukmorsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Nurminka River (in the Vyatka's basin), near the border with Kirov Oblast, 120 kilometers (75 mi) from the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 17,886.
Aulagromyza cornigera
Aulagromyza cornigera is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. The larvae of this fly mine the leaves of plant species of the Lonicera (honeysuckle) and Symphoricarpos genera within the honeysuckle family. Mines potentially from this species have also been found on Triosteum perfoliatum.

Triosteum perfoliatum
Triosteum perfoliatum, commonly known as perfoliate tinker's-weed, late horse gentian, common horse gentian, perfoliate-leaved horse-gentian, feverwort, and wild coffee, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle). It is found in eastern and central North America. The yellow-orange berries can be dried, roasted, ground, and used as a coffee substitute.
Petton, Devon
Petton, also known as Petton Cross, is an English village in the civil parish of Bampton, the district of Mid Devon, and the county of Devon. It lies on the B3227 road that links Taunton and Torrington.

The village includes an Anglican church, dedicated to Saint Petrock, and a Methodist church.

The Devon and Somerset Railway, from Taunton to Barnstaple, ran just to the north of the village but no station or halt was ever provided. The line closed in 1966, but traces can still be seen.

Great Torrington
Great Torrington (often abbreviated to Torrington, though the villages of Little Torrington and Black Torrington are situated in the same region) is a market town in Devon, England. Parts of it are sited on high ground with steep drops down to the River Torridge below, with the lower-lying parts of the town prone to occasional flooding. Torrington is in the centre of Tarka Country, a landscape captured by Henry Williamson in his novel Tarka the Otter in 1927. Great Torrington has one of the most active volunteering communities in the United Kingdom.

In July 2019, Great Torrington was reported to be the healthiest place to live in Britain. Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the area had low levels of pollution, good access to green space and health services, along with few retail outlets.
Jef Verschueren
Jef Verschueren is a Belgian linguist, academic, and author. He is an emeritus professor of Linguistics at the University of Antwerp.

Verschueren is most known for his work on semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis. Among his authored works are his publications in academic journals, including Journal of Pragmatics, Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Pragmatics, and Language in Society as well as books such as Handbook of Pragmatics, Debating Diversity, Analysing the Discourse of Tolerance, Ideology in Language Use and Complicity in discourse and practice.

Verschueren is a member of the Academy of Europe and co-founded the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) in 1986, where he serves as its Secretary General.

Journal of Pragmatics
The Journal of Pragmatics is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the linguistic subfield of pragmatics. It was established in 1977 by Jacob L. Mey (at that time Odense University) and Hartmut Haberland (Roskilde University). The current Editors-in-Chief are Stavros Assimakopoulos (University of Malta) and Andreas H. Jucker (University of Zurich). Previous editors-in-chief include Anne Bezuidenhout (University of South Carolina; 2021-2024)  Marina Terkourafi (Leiden University; 2017–2021), Michael Haugh (The University of Queensland; 2015–2020), Neal R. Norrick (Saarland University; 2010–2016) and Jonathan Culpeper (Lancaster University; 2009–2014). According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 1.7.
Yazılı, Kozluk
Yazılı (also known as Binik) is a village in the Kozluk District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Arabs and had a population of 396 in 2021.

The hamlets of Arkbaşı, Keseli and Köseler are attached to the village.

Batman Province
Batman Province (Turkish: Batman ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Êlihê, transl. "Province of Êlih"; Armenian: Բատմանի զավառ, transl. "Province of Batman") is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It was created in May 1990 with Law No. 3647, incorporating districts from the eastern Siirt Province and the southern Mardin Province. The province has an area of 4,477 km2 (1,729 sq mi) and a population of 634,491 (2022). Its current governor is Ekrem Canalp.

The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. It is an important center for Turkey's oil industry, which has driven rapid urbanization since the mid-20th century.
Jiří Poukar
Jiří Poukar (born April 19, 1969) is a Czech former professional ice hockey forward.

Poukar played in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League and the Czech Extraliga for HC Dukla Jihlava, HC Slavia Praha and HC Znojemští Orli between 1989 and 2000. He won a league championship in 1991 with Dukla Jihlava.

Poukar also played six games for the Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team.

HC Slavia Praha
HC Slavia Praha (eng: HC Slavia Prague) is a Czech professional ice hockey team located in Prague playing in the Czech 1st National Hockey League, the second-highest league in the country. Slavia played in the Czech Extraliga from 1994 until 2015, winning the national championship in 2003 and 2008. The club plays its home games at Zimní stadion Eden in Prague. From 2004 until 2015, it played at O2 Arena.

The team played in the 2008–09 season of the Champions Hockey League.

The team was relegated to the 1. Liga in the 2014–15 Czech Extraliga season.
Amarapuri
Amarapuri  is a town in Gaidakot Municipality in Nawalpur District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. It became a municipality in May 2014 by merging the existing Mukundapur, Amarapuri, Gaidakot, Nawalparasi, VDCs. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 8,762 living in 1,979 households. Amarapuri has three high schools, the Shree Laxmi Higher Secondary School, Amar Jyoti Higher Secondary School and Amar English Higher Secondary Boarding School.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Jeanette W. Hyde
Jeanette W. Hyde (June 15, 1938 – February 10, 2025) was an American diplomat. She was Ambassador of the United States to Barbados, Dominica, and St Lucia from 1994 to 1998, and to Antigua, Grenada, St. Vincent, and St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla from 1995 to 1998, under Bill Clinton.

Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (or Saint Christopher, Nevis, and Anguilla) was a British colony in the West Indies from 1882 to 1983, consisting of the islands of Anguilla (until 1980), Nevis, and Saint Christopher (or Saint Kitts). From 1882 to 1951, and again from 1980, the colony was known simply as Saint Christopher and Nevis. Saint Christopher and Nevis gained independence in 1983 as the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, while Anguilla remains a British overseas territory.
Saint-Aunès
Saint-Aunès (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿onɛs] ⓘ; Occitan: Sant Aunès) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Saint-Aunès station has rail connections to Narbonne, Montpellier and Avignon.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Theodoros Manolopoulos
Theodoros Manolopoulos (Greek: Θεόδωρος Μανωλόπουλος; Omvriaki, Xyniada, 1900 – 16 October 1981) was a Greek physician specialising in pathology, alumnus of the Department of Medicine of the University of Athens, who acted as MP, Μinister for Social Welfare, and Minister for Northern Greece.

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA; Greek: Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Ethnikó kai Kapodistriakó Panepistímio Athinón), simply referred to as the University of Athens (UoA), is a public university in Athens, Greece, with various campuses along the Athens agglomeration.

It has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837 and is the oldest higher education institution of the modern Greek state and the first contemporary university in both the Balkan Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean. Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 69,000 registered students.
SS Macedonia (1911)
SS Macedonia was a steamship that was built in England in 1912, renamed Pincio in 1922 and scrapped in Italy in 1932. She was built as an ocean liner for Greek owners, but within months of being completed she was converted into an armed merchant cruiser for the Royal Hellenic Navy. An Ottoman warship sank her in 1913 in the First Balkan War.

In 1916 Macedonia's wreck was raised and she was returned to working order for a Dutch tramp company, which operated her until 1922. She then passed to Italian owners who renamed her Pincio. She was scrapped in 1932.

The ship should not be confused with others of the same name. P&O had an ocean liner called Macedonia that was built in 1904. HAPAG had a cargo ship called Macedonia that was built in 1900. Other ships have also borne the same name.

Tramp trade
A boat or ship engaged in the tramp trade is one which does not have a fixed schedule, itinerary nor published ports of call, and trades on the spot market as opposed to freight liners. A steamship engaged in the tramp trade is sometimes called a tramp steamer; similar terms, such as tramp freighter and tramper, are also used.  Chartering is done chiefly on London, New York, and Singapore shipbroking exchanges.  The Baltic Exchange serves as a type of stock market index for the trade.

The term tramper is derived from the British meaning of "tramp", as being an itinerant beggar or vagrant. In this context, it was first documented in the 1880s, along with "ocean tramp" (at the time many sailing vessels engaged in irregular trade as well).
Market loss payments
Market loss payments is a United States government designation first used in the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Appropriations Act, FY1999 (P.L. 105-277) to describe the $3.1 billion in emergency income support payments authorized for eligible grain, cotton, and dairy farmers.

The Act stated that such funds were to compensate farmers for the loss of 1998 income caused by “regional economic dislocation, unilateral trade sanctions, and the failure of the government to pursue trade opportunities aggressively.”  Similar economic emergency support payments for selected commodities were subsequently enacted in P.L. 106-78 ($6.5 billion), in P.L. 106-224 ($6.5 billion), in P.L. 106-387 ($0.9 billion), and in P.L. 107-25 ($5.5 billion).  Market loss assistance to grain and cotton producers were distributed in parallel manner to the contract payments authorized by the Agricultural Market Transition Act.

Agricultural Market Transition Act
The Agricultural Market Transition Act (AMTA) — Title I of the 1996 U.S. farm bill (P.L. 104-127) — allowed farmers who had participated in the wheat, feed grain, cotton, and rice programs in any one of the five years prior to 1996 to enter into seven-year production flexibility contracts for 1996-2002. Total national production flexibility contract payments (sometimes called AMTA payments, or contract payments) for each fiscal year were fixed in the law. The AMTA allowed farmers to plant 100% of their total contract acreage to any crop except fruits and vegetables, and receive a full payment. Land had to be maintained in agricultural uses. Unlimited haying and grazing and planting and harvesting alfalfa and other forage crops was permitted with no reduction in payments. AMTA commodity support provisions were replaced by the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 101-171, Title I), a six-year farm bill.
(We're Off on the) Road to Morocco
"(We're Off on the) Road to Morocco" is a song composed in 1942 by Jimmy Van Heusen, with lyrics by Johnny Burke, for the film Road to Morocco, in which it was performed by Bing Crosby and Bob Hope. Crosby recorded a solo version of the song, with different lyrics, on June 10, 1942, accompanied by Vic Schoen and his orchestra. Later, on December 8, 1944, Crosby and Hope recorded a duet version that briefly reached the No. 21 position in the Billboard  in July 1945.

The song was included as #95 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs.

The song was also recorded by Rosemary Clooney and Jack Sheldon for Clooney's 1994 album Still on the Road.

AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs is a list of the top 100 songs in American cinema of the 20th century. The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 22, 2004, in a CBS television special hosted by John Travolta, who appeared in two films honored by the list, Saturday Night Fever and Grease. The list was created by a panel of jurors selected by AFI, who voted from a list of 400 nominated songs.
Sander de Wijn
Sander Sebastiaan Robert Jan de Wijn (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɑndər də ˈʋɛin]; born 2 May 1990) is a Dutch field hockey player who plays as a defender for Kampong and the Dutch national team.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the national team in the men's tournament winning a silver medal.  He also competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where the Netherlands lost the bronze-medal match to Germany in the field hockey tournament.

Germany men's national field hockey team
The Germany men's national field hockey team is one of the most successful sides in the world, winning gold at the Summer Olympics four times (including once as West Germany), the Hockey World Cup 3 times, the EuroHockey Nations Championship nine times (including twice as West Germany) and the Hockey Champions Trophy ten times (including three times as West Germany).
Alvediston
Alvediston is a small village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, about 7 miles (11 km) east of Shaftesbury and 11 miles (18 km) southwest of Salisbury. The area is the source of the River Ebble and is within the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In 2011 the parish had a population of 106.

Shaftesbury
Shaftesbury (/ˈʃɑːftsbəri, ˈʃæfts-/) is a town and civil parish in Dorset, England. It is on the A30 road, 20 miles (32 kilometres) west of Salisbury and 23 miles (37 kilometres) north-northeast of Dorchester, near the border with Wiltshire. It is the only significant hilltop settlement in Dorset, being built about 215 metres (705 feet) above sea level on a greensand hill on the edge of Cranborne Chase.

The town looks over the Blackmore Vale, part of the River Stour basin.

Shaftesbury is the site of the former Shaftesbury Abbey, which was founded in 888 by King Alfred and became one of the richest religious establishments in the country, before being destroyed in the dissolution in 1539. Adjacent to the abbey site is Gold Hill, a steep cobbled street used in the 1970s as the setting for Ridley Scott's television advertisement for Hovis bread.

In the 2021 census the town's civil parish had a population of 9,162.
Kharitonov's theorem
Kharitonov's theorem is a result used in control theory to assess the stability of a dynamical system when the physical parameters of the system are not known precisely. When the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial are known, the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion can be used to check if the system is stable (i.e. if all roots have negative real parts). Kharitonov's theorem can be used in the case where the coefficients are only known to be within specified ranges. It provides a test of stability for a so-called interval polynomial, while Routh–Hurwitz is concerned with an ordinary polynomial.

Characteristic polynomial
In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues as roots. It has the determinant and the trace of the matrix among its coefficients. The characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of that endomorphism over any basis (that is, the characteristic polynomial does not depend on the choice of a basis). The characteristic equation, also known as the determinantal equation, is the equation obtained by equating the characteristic polynomial to zero.

In spectral graph theory, the characteristic polynomial of a graph is the characteristic polynomial of its adjacency matrix.
Hybrid tilapia
Hybrid tilapias are crosses between different species of Oreochromis tilapias developed for aquaculture, either through natural hybridization, or more often artificially, in an effort to improve yields through improving various qualities of the fish, such as growth and hardiness. Hybrids are often divided into two varieties: gray tilapia and red tilapia, which are assigned variable binomial names based on the author, though the red hybrid is more often distinguished due to its distinct coloration.

Tilapia is an extremely important aquacultured resource; in 2022, worldwide production of tilapia (reported as Oreochromis niloticus) reached five million t (4,900,000 long tons; 5,500,000 short tons) produced from aquaculture and three hundred thousand t (300,000 long tons; 330,000 short tons) captured, ranking 5th among all aquacultured species produced behind whiteleg shrimp, cupped oysters, grass carp, and silver carp.

Crassostrea
Crassostrea is a genus of true oysters (family Ostreidae) containing some of the most important oysters used for food.

The genus was recent split in WoRMS, following the DNA-based phylogenies of Salvi et al. (2014 and 2017). Pacific species were moved to a new genus Magallana. C. zhanjiangensis became Talonostrea zhanjiangensis. The changes are not universally welcomed by oyster researchers, as C. gigas (now M. gigas) is "one of the most researched species of marine invertebrate".
Telesistema Informativo
Telesistema Informativo (known as TSi) is a television station in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, broadcasting on Channel 3 and Channel 7 in NTSC and is owned by TVC. The station has repeaters in La Ceiba and Puerto Cortés, also on channel 7. Until 2016, the channel had programs of news, entertainment, series, sports and movies.

The station launched on December 27, 1967 (as Telesistema Hondureño) with a budget of 150,000 lempiras. By 1976, the station's budget was worth 427,274 lempiras and annual operating costs were worth 26,000 lempiras.

García Ardón joined the San Pedro Sula station (channel 7) in 1967 to present a weekly news program on Sundays before being promoted to anchorman of Telediario from 1969, where he remained until 2013.

In 1987, the station was integrated into the new Televicentro Corporation.

On December 15, 2016, its logo and programming were changed, changing its name to TSi (Telesistema Informativo) and format to a 24-hour news channel.

La Ceiba
La Ceiba (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈsejβa]) is a municipality, the capital of the Honduran department of Atlántida and a port city on the northern coast of Honduras in Central America. It is located on the southern edge of the Caribbean, forming part of the south eastern boundary of the Gulf of Honduras. With an estimated population of 209,000 living in approximately 170 residential areas (called colonias or barrios), it is the fourth most populous and third most important city in the country.

La Ceiba was officially founded on 23 August 1877. The city was named after a giant ceiba tree that grew near the old dock. The city has been officially proclaimed the "Eco-Tourism Capital of Honduras," as well as the "Entertainment Capital of Honduras". Every year, on the third or fourth Saturday of May, the city holds its famous carnival to commemorate Isidore the Laborer (Spanish San Isidro Labrador), which is attended by approximately 500,000 tourists.