hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peak expiratory flow
The peak expiratory flow (PEF), also called peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and peak flow measurement, is a person's maximum speed of expiration, as measured with a peak flow meter, a small, hand-held device used to monitor a person's ability to breathe out air. It measures the airflow through the bronchi and thus the degree of obstruction in the airways. Peak expiratory flow is typically measured in units of liters per minute (L/min).

Bronchus
A bronchus (/ˈbrɒŋkəs/ BRONG-kəs; pl.: bronchi, /ˈbrɒŋkaɪ/ BRONG-ky) is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The first or primary bronchi to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus. These are the widest bronchi, and enter the right lung, and the left lung at each hilum. The main bronchi branch into narrower secondary bronchi or lobar bronchi, and these branch into narrower tertiary bronchi or segmental bronchi. Further divisions of the segmental bronchi are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi.
The bronchi, when too narrow to be supported by cartilage, are known as bronchioles. No gas exchange takes place in the bronchi.
Gondeh Poli
Gondeh Poli (Persian: گنده پلي, also Romanized as Gondeh Polī) is a village in Kharqan Rural District, Bastam District, Shahrud County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 132, in 32 families.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
1991 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 1991 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 35th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. The competition was won by São Paulo. Santos Futebol Clube's Paulinho McLaren, with 15 goals, was the competition's top goal scorer.

Mauro Silva
Mauro da Silva Gomes (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈmawɾu ˈsiwvɐ]; born 12 January 1968), known as Mauro Silva, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

A hard-working player with great stamina, as well as tackling and leadership skills, he was best known for his spell with Deportivo. He amassed competitive totals of 458 games and one goal over 13 La Liga seasons, winning six major titles.

Silva represented Brazil at the 1994 World Cup and two Copa América tournaments, winning the former tournament.
Bark&co Solicitors
Bark&co is a boutique law firm headquartered in the City of London, United Kingdom. Since its inception in 1996 it has been a member of the Specialist Fraud Panel and has grown into a top-tier firm in multiple fields. It has represented defendants in several high-profile cases including the largest ever alleged insider dealing case, the Polly Peck International (formerly a constituent of the FTSE100) thefts, and Ian Edmondson in the News International phone hacking scandal.

Boutique law firm
A boutique law firm is a law firm specializing in a niche area of law practice. Unlike general practice law firms that includes various unrelated practice areas within a single firm, a boutique firm specializes in one or a select few practice areas. There may be some confusion as legal publications refer to any small- or mid-sized firm as a boutique, though firms with fewer than 100 attorneys generally count. Boutique should apply to those firms that focus on particular areas, regardless of size, though they are typically smaller, except for a few firms such as Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner or Fish & Richardson with over 400 attorneys.
Clandestino
Clandestino is the debut studio album by French artist Manu Chao, released in 1998. The album contains many soundbites throughout, two of which are bits of a speech by Subcomandante Marcos and, like Chao's subsequent albums, was mostly recorded by the musician himself in various locations around the world, using a small laptop—which is referred to in the liner notes as Estudio Clandestino. The French edition of Rolling Stone magazine named this album the 67th greatest French rock album (out of 100). The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. The album was ranked number 469 in Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2020.

1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die is a musical reference book first published in 2005 (with several later editions) by Universe Publishing. Part of the 1001 Before You Die series, it compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of music critics to be the most important, influential, and best in popular music between the 1950s and the date of publication. The book is edited by Robert Dimery, an English writer and editor who had previously worked for magazines such as Time Out and Vogue.

Each entry in the book's roughly chronological list of albums is accompanied by a short essay written by a music critic, along with pictures, quotes, and additional information (such as the album's running time and producer). Compilations of various artists, and most film soundtracks, are excluded.
Mountain Wilderness
Mountain Wilderness is an international non-governmental organization dedicated to the preservation of mountain areas, in their natural and cultural aspects. The organization was founded in Europe and has a stronger presence in alpine and pyrenean regions. It has, however, a worldwide reach, with representatives and actions on all continents.

Jim Bridwell
Jim Bridwell (July 29, 1944 – February 16, 2018) was an American rock climber and mountaineer, active from 1965 in Yosemite Valley, but later in Patagonia and Alaska. He was noted for pushing the standards of both aid climbing and big wall climbing, and later alpine climbing. He wrote numerous articles on climbing and developed several important pieces of aid climbing equipment.  Bridwell was an apprentice to Royal Robbins and Warren Harding, and later the unofficial leader of the Stonemasters.
Hampel
Hampel is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Joseph Hampel (1710–1771), German classical horn player

Armin-Paul Hampel (born 1957), German politician

Desiderius Hampel (1895–1981), Croatian SS general

Felicity Hampel (born 1955), Australian lawyer and judge

George Hampel (disambiguation), multiple people

Gunter Hampel (born 1937), German musician and composer

Jarosław Hampel (born 1982), Polish motorcycle speedway rider

József Hampel (1849–1913), Hungarian archaeologist

Olaf Hampel (born 1965), German bobsledder

Oliver Hampel (born 1985), German footballer

Otto and Elise Hampel (died 1943), German activists

Paul William Hampel, Russian spy

József Hampel
József Hampel (10 November 1849 – 25 March 1913) was a Hungarian archaeologist and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He also worked as an editor-publisher of the professional journal Archaeologiai Értesítő.
Oland Lighthouse
Oland Lighthouse (German: Leuchtturm Oland) is Germany's smallest lighthouse, being only 7.4 metres (24 ft) tall. It is located on the small Hallig of Oland. It serves as a cross light for the Föhrer Ley and Dagebüll channels. It is Germany's only lighthouse with a thatched roof. This small brick lighthouse was erected in 1929. Lit in the same year, it is still being maintained by a keeper. Until 1954 when it was electrified, the lantern was lit by liquified gas. For maintenance, the optic can be drawn out of the lantern casing on a slide. Its characteristic is "fixed", i.e. a continuous light, with white, red and green sectors. The red sector shines to the north and the green sector shines to the west. The white sector shines between the two coloured sectors or broadly towards the northwest or towards the town of Wyk on the island of Föhr from where it can be seen as a white light.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
2020 Utah Constitutional Amendment A
The Utah Gender-Neutral Constitutional Language Amendment, appearing on the ballot as Utah Constitutional Amendment A,
is a constitutional amendment in Utah, which appeared on the ballot on November 3, 2020.

The amendment intended to replace all gendered language in the Constitution of Utah with gender-neutral language. According to Deidre Henderson, the State Senator who proposed the amendment, only 6 of the 237 sections of the constitution would be modified, in order to bring them in line with the other 231 sections, which already use gender-neutral language.
The amendment was unanimously approved in both the State Senate and the Utah House of Representatives, allowing it to be put on the ballot.
If the amendment was passed by voters, it would go into effect on January 1, 2021.

The amendment passed with 57.69% of the votes.

Deidre Henderson
Deidre Marie Henderson (born September 4, 1974) is an American politician serving as the ninth lieutenant governor of Utah since January 4, 2021. From 2013 to 2021, she served as a member of the Utah State Senate for District 7, which is based in Spanish Fork, Utah.
Swimming at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre breaststroke
The Women's 50m Breaststroke event at the 10th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam on 26–27 July 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. Preliminary heats swam during the morning session on July 26, with the top-16 finishers advancing to Semifinals that evening. The top-8 finishers then advanced to swim again in the Final the next evening.

At the start of the event, the World (WR) and Championship (CR) records were:

WR: 30.57 swum by Zoë Baker (Great Britain) on July 30, 2002 in Manchester, UK.

CR: 30.84 swum by Xuejuan Luo (China) on July 27, 2001 in Fukuoka, Japan

Luo Xuejuan
Luo Xuejuan (also Luo Xue Juan; simplified Chinese: 罗雪娟; traditional Chinese: 羅雪娟; pinyin: Luó Xuějuān; born January 26, 1984, in Hangzhou, Zhejiang) is a female Chinese swimmer, who competed mostly in the breaststroke. She is a former world record holder in the 50-meter breastroke (short course).
Shalmaneser III
Shalmaneser III (Šulmānu-ašarēdu, "the god Shulmanu is pre-eminent") was king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 859 BC to 824 BC.

His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia, Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu. His armies penetrated to Lake Van and the Taurus Mountains; the Neo-Hittites of Carchemish were compelled to pay tribute, and the kingdoms of Hamath and Aram Damascus were subdued. It is in the annals of Shalmaneser III from the 850s BC that the Arabs and Chaldeans first appear in recorded history.

Shulmanu
Shulmanu or Shulman (Assyrian Akkadian: Salmānu, Babylonian Akkadian: Šulmānu) was an ancient Mesopotamian deity. The deity is only ever recorded as having been worshipped by the ancient Assyrians, in contrast to many other deities of the Mesopotamian pantheon which were more universal, and was particularly popular in the Middle Assyrian period. The deity's name was incorporated into the name Shalmaneser, assumed as a regnal name by five Assyrian kings from Shalmaneser I (r. 1274–1245 BC) to Shalmaneser V (r. 727–722 BC). The literal translation of the name Salmānu is "friendly one"; it is possible that Shulmanu was a friendly manifestation of the Assyrian national deity Ashur.
Kiwyu
Kiwyu (Jaqaru for a kind of partridges, Hispanicized spelling Quivio) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches an altitude of approximately 5,000 metres (16,404 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, on the border of the districts of Carani and Yauyos. Kiwyu lies southeast of Llunk'uti at a lake named Llunk'uti.

Partridge
A partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. Several species have been introduced to the Americas. They are sometimes grouped in the Perdicinae subfamily of the Phasianidae (pheasants, quail, etc.). However, molecular research suggests that partridges are not a distinct taxon within the superfamily Phasianoidea, but that some species are closer to the pheasants, while others are closer to the junglefowl.
Vargas (surname)
Vargas is a Spanish surname of Castilian origin. The founder of the house was Iván de Martin who fought as a knight in the reconquest of Madrid, in 1083, in the service of Alfonso VI of León and Castile.

The surname is also a Sephardic Jewish surname, with the family Vargas emanating from the once existing Jewish community of Cantabria, Spain. Descendants of this family now live across Spain and Latin America.

Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Alfonso VI (c. 1040/1041 – 1 July 1109), nicknamed the Brave (El Bravo) or the Valiant, was king of León (1065–1109), Galicia (1071–1109), and Castile (1072–1109).

After the conquest of Toledo in 1085, Alfonso proclaimed himself victoriosissimo rege in Toleto, et in Hispania et Gallecia (most victorious king of Toledo, and of Spain and Galicia). This conquest, along with El Cid's taking of Valencia would greatly expand the territory and influence of the Leonese/Castilian realm, but also provoked an Almoravid invasion that Alfonso would spend the remainder of his reign resisting.  The Leonese and Castilian armies suffered decisive defeats in the battles of Sagrajas (1086), Consuegra (1097) and Uclés (1108), in the latter of which his only son and heir, Sancho Alfónsez, died, and Valencia was abandoned but Toledo remained part of an expanded realm that he passed to his daughter.
Mauricio Domogan
Mauricio "Morris" Gamsao Domogan (born October 10, 1946) is a Filipino lawyer and politician who has been the representative for Baguio's at-large district since 2025, previously holding the seat from 2001 to 2010. The longest-serving mayor of Baguio, he served as the chief executive of the city from 1992 to 2001 and from 2010 to 2019.

An Igorot of the Bago ethnic group, Domogan pursued legal studies at the University of the Cordilleras and practiced law from 1974 to 1992. He entered politics in 1988, when he was elected to the Baguio City Council. He was elected vice mayor in 1992 and acceded to the mayoralty later that year after the disqualification of Mayor Jun Labo from office. His early tenure was marked by the city's continued response to the July 16, 1990, earthquake.

Baguio City Council
The Baguio City Council (Filipino: Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Baguio) is Baguio's Sangguniang Panlungsod or legislative body. The council has 15 members which is composed of 12 councilors, one ex officio member elected from the ranks of barangay (neighborhood) chairmen, one ex officio member elected from the ranks of Sangguniang Kabataan (youth council) chairmen and one presiding officer. The Vice-mayor of the city is the presiding officer of the council, who is elected citywide.

The council is responsible for creating laws and ordinances under the city's jurisdiction. The mayor can veto proposed bills, but the council can override it with a two-thirds supermajority.
Rhizoglossum
Rhizoglossum is a genus of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae. Its only species is Rhizoglossum bergianum, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. The species was first described, as Ophioglossum bergianum, by Carl Presl in 1825, and transferred by Diederich von Schlechtendal to his new genus Rhizoglossum in 1845. Some sources retain the species in Ophioglossum.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Elvenes Chapel
Elvenes Chapel (Norwegian: Elvenes kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Salangen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Elvenes, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the village of Sjøvegan. It is an annex chapel for the Salangen parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1959 using plans drawn up by the architect Svein Rydland. The church seats about 100 people.

Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland
Nord-Hålogaland (Norwegian: Nord-Hålogaland bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway. It covers the Church of Norway churches in Troms and  Finnmark counties as well as in the territory of Svalbard.  The diocese is seated in the city of Tromsø at the Tromsø Cathedral, the seat of the presiding bishop. After bishop Olav Øygard announced his plans to retire in august 2025, a process to elect a new bishop has been started. In September it was announced, that Stig Lægdene will succeed Øygard and become the 8th bishop of Nord-Hålogaland. Lægdene will be formally appointed as bishop at December 7th 2025 at the Tromsø Cathedral.
2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup was the 11th edition of the Hockey Junior World Cup for men, an international field hockey tournament. It was held in Lucknow, India from 8–18 December 2016. A total of sixteen teams competed for the title.

Host nation India won the tournament for the second time after defeating Belgium 2–1 in the final. Germany won the third-place match by defeating Australia 3–0.

Belgium men's national field hockey team
The Belgian national men's field hockey team represents Belgium in international men's field hockey and is controlled by the Royal Belgian Hockey Association, the governing body for field hockey in Belgium.

Belgium won the Men's Hockey World Cup in 2018, the European Championship in 2019, the 2020-21 FIH Pro League and the gold medal at 2020 Tokyo Olympics. They also won a silver medal at the 2023 Bhubaneswar & Rourkela and 2016 Rio de Janeiro and a bronze medal at the 1920 Antwerp Summer Olympics. They reached eight semi-finals at the European Championship since 1995, including a third place in 2007, 2021, 2023 and runners-up in 2013 and 2017.

They also have won, in 2025, the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, by defeating India 1–0 in the final. This is their first title in this invitational tournament.
Doug Berrie
Doug Berrie (14 December 1930 – April 2001) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Dundee United and Forfar Athletic. Berrie joined United in 1946 from local side Stobswell, making his debut in December against Cowdenbeath in a Scottish Division B match. Featuring in a number of matches that season, Berrie re-signed for the following campaign, going on to make nearly 142 league appearances before his release in 1953. Joining Forfar, Berrie was granted a testimonial in 1961, which was played against United. Leaving Forfar in 1964, Berrie's son, also Doug, was a schoolboy signing at Tannadice in May 1970 but failed to make a first-team appearance.

Cowdenbeath F.C.
Cowdenbeath Football Club (/kaʊdənˈbiːθ/ kow-dən-BEETH) is a Scottish semi-professional football team based in Cowdenbeath, Fife. They are members of the Lowland League, the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system after their relegation from Scottish League Two on 14 May 2022 following a 4–0 aggregate defeat to Bonnyrigg Rose. Formed in 1881, the club has played at Central Park since 1917. They first joined the Scottish Football League (SFL) in 1905. The club has never won any of the major honours in Scottish football, but have won lower tier divisional titles on five occasions. They competed in the top division of the SFL from 1924 to 1934, but have only completed one further top flight season since, in 1970–71.
Stanciu
Stanciu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anișoara Cușmir-Stanciu (born 1962), Romanian long jumper

Constantin Stanciu (1907–1986), Romanian football player

Daniela Stanciu (born 1987), Romanian high jumper

Ion-Aurel Stanciu (born 1955), Romanian general

Nicolae Stanciu (born 1993), Romanian football player

Nicolae Stanciu (born 1973), Romanian football player

Simion Stanciu (1949–2010), Romanian flute player and composer

Traian Stanciu (1935–2019), Romanian chess master

Ion-Aurel Stanciu
General Ion-Aurel Stanciu (born March 27, 1955, in Buzău) was the chief of the Romanian Air Force Staff from 17 February 2009 to 7 January 2011. He graduated the Aurel Vlaicu Flight School in 1977 and the Carol I National Defence University in 1986. He assumed office following the discharge of Lieutenant General Constantin Croitoru. He was previously manager of Romavia airlines, and deputy commander of Henri Coandă International Airport.
On 7 January 2011 he was discharged from active duty and promoted to the rank of General.
National Kidney Foundation of Michigan
The National Kidney Foundation of Michigan (NKFM) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization and subset of the National Kidney Foundation, a major voluntary health organization in the United States. Since 1955, the NKFM has carried out a mission to prevent kidney disease and improve the quality of life for those living with it. The nonprofit is based in Ann Arbor and has three additional statewide branches in Flint, Grand Rapids and Detroit. The charity has received 11 consecutive 4-star ratings from Charity Navigator, the nation's leading charity evaluator.

Charity Navigator
Charity Navigator is a charity assessment organization that evaluates more than 200,000 charitable organizations based in the United States, operating as a 501(c)(3) organization. It provides insights into a nonprofit's financial stability, adherence to best practices for both accountability and transparency, and results reporting. It is the largest and most-utilized evaluator of charities in the United States. It does not accept any advertising or donations from the organizations it evaluates.

According to a 2025 study, ratings by Charity Navigator shape donor behaviors, as donors increase their contributions to better rated charities. The study also found that charities try to achieve better ratings by cutting expenditures on administration and fundraising, as well as misreporting or mislabelling expenditures to game the ratings. Another study from 2025 found that Charity Navigator ratings are also a good predictor for the number of volunteers in nonprofit organizations.