hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nonsynonymous substitution
A nonsynonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. Nonsynonymous substitutions differ from synonymous substitutions, which do not alter amino acid sequences and are (sometimes) silent mutations. As nonsynonymous substitutions result in a biological change in the organism, they are subject to natural selection.

Nonsynonymous substitutions at a certain locus can be compared to the synonymous substitutions at the same locus to obtain the Ka/Ks ratio. This ratio is used to measure the evolutionary rate of gene sequences. If a gene has lower levels of nonsynonymous than synonymous nucleotide substitution, then it can be inferred to be functional because a Ka/Ks ratio < 1 is a hallmark of sequences that are being constrained to code for proteins.

Nonsynonymous substitutions are also referred to as replacement mutations.

Stop codon
In molecular biology, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein. Most codons in messenger RNA correspond to the addition of an amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain, which may ultimately become a protein; stop codons signal the termination of this process by binding release factors, which cause the ribosomal subunits to disassociate, releasing the amino acid chain.

While start codons need nearby sequences or initiation factors to start translation, a stop codon alone is sufficient to initiate termination.
Frank Miele
Frank Miele (born c. 1955) is an American journalist and senior editor at Skeptic. He is best known for his advocacy of the concept of race, as well as defending the hereditarian hypotheses in its relation to race and intelligence.

Miele earned his B.A. in psychology in 1970 and an M.S. in 1972 from the University of Georgia where he studied under psychologist R. Travis Osborne. While an undergraduate, he became a regular contributor to Mankind Quarterly and collaborated with Donald A. Swan and A. James Gregor. He has also worked as a research assistant and consultant for Richard Lynn.

He made his first contribution to Skeptic in 1994. He has held interviews with notable figures from various disciplines including evolutionists Richard Dawkins and E. O. Wilson, anthropologists Donald Johanson, Lionel Tiger, and Robin Fox, and psychologist Robert Sternberg.

Hereditarianism
Hereditarianism is the research program according to which heredity plays a central role in determining human nature and character traits, such as intelligence and personality. Hereditarians believe in the power of genetic influences to explain human behavior and solve human social-political problems. They stress the value of evolutionary explanations in all areas of the human sciences.

Most prominently in intelligence research, they purport that genetic predisposition determines individual life outcomes more than do either structured environmental influences (i.e. nurture) or developmental noise respectively.
Vicente del Bosque
Vicente del Bosque González, 1st Marquess of Del Bosque (Spanish pronunciation: [biˈθente ðel ˈβoske ɣonˈθaleθ]; born 23 December 1950) is a Spanish retired football manager and former player. He is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time and is to date the only football manager to have won the World Cup, the Champions League, the European Championship and the Intercontinental Cup.

After taking over from Luis Aragonés – who had led Spain to European success at UEFA Euro 2008 – del Bosque went on to lead the national team to win their first-ever FIFA World Cup in 2010, and then to retain their European Championship in 2012. Del Bosque coached Real Madrid from 1999 to 2003, which was one of the most successful periods in the club's modern era.

During his playing career, del Bosque made over 400 appearances for Real Madrid, winning five La Liga titles and four Copas del Rey. He played internationally with the senior Spain national team on 18 occasions.

2002 UEFA Super Cup
The 2002 UEFA Super Cup was played on 30 August 2002 between Real Madrid of Spain and Feyenoord of the Netherlands. Real Madrid qualified by beating Bayer Leverkusen in the 2002 UEFA Champions League Final. Feyenoord had made it to the Super Cup after beating Borussia Dortmund in the 2002 UEFA Cup Final. Real Madrid won the match 3–1, securing their first Super Cup win.
Gerhard Bassenge
Gerhard Bassenge was a general in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during World War II.  In the inter-war period, he worked at the Reich Air Ministry and was one of the German officers most responsible for training the first German paratroopers.

Bassenge was Chief of Staff of Luftflotte 2 as it was part of the Blitzkrieg into the Netherlands, Belgium, and France in 1940. He became Chief of Staff of Luftflotte 5 in Norway while it flew into the northern British isles in the Battle of Britain. After being part of a Luftwaffe mission to Romania, he took part in the North African Campaign in 1941 – 1943. He was captured there on 9 May 1943, and was held prisoner of war until 2 October 1947.

Paratrooper
A paratrooper or military parachutist is a soldier trained to conduct military operations by parachuting directly into an area of operations, usually as part of a large airborne forces unit. Traditionally paratroopers fight only as light infantry armed with small arms and light weapons, although some paratroopers can also function as artillerymen or mechanized infantry by utilizing field guns, infantry fighting vehicles and light tanks that are often used in surprise attacks to seize strategic positions behind enemy lines such as airfields, bridges and major roads.
1982 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Jimmy Connors defeated defending champion John McEnroe in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1982 Wimbledon Championships.	 It was his second Wimbledon title and sixth major title overall. The final was the first Wimbledon match in history that was deliberately scheduled to take place on a Sunday.

A number of high-profile players were absent from this tournament for various reasons. This included five-time champion Björn Borg, who refused to play after officials required him to play in a qualifying tournament due to being absent from the tour injured for most of 1982. Ivan Lendl and Eliot Teltscher both withdrew citing difficulty playing on the grass courts; and Argentine players Guillermo Vilas and José Luis Clerc withdrew in protest to their country's conflict with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands.

José Luis Clerc
José Luis Clerc (Spanish pronunciation: [xoseˈlwis ˈkleɾk]; born 16 August 1958), also known by the nickname Batata, is a former professional tennis player from Argentina. He reached a career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world No. 4 singles ranking on 3 August 1981, following a run of 25 consecutive match wins after Wimbledon.
Michael Ennis (Gaelic footballer)
Michael Ennis is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for his local club Ballinagore and for the Westmeath county team. He was part of the team who lined out against Laois in the 2004 Leinster Senior Football Championship Final to claim the County's first ever Leinster trophy.

Laois county football team
The Laois county football team (/liːʃ/ LEESH) represents Laois in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Laois GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Laois's home ground is O'Moore Park, Portlaoise. The team's manager is Justin McNulty.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 2003 and the National League in 1986. Laois has never won the All-Ireland Senior Championship.
William S. Pollitzer
Dr. William Sprott Pollitzer (May 6, 1923 – March 12, 2002) was an American anatomist. He was a professor of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and past president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (from 1979 to 1981), and the Human Biology Council (1986–1988).

Pollitzer was born on May 6, 1923, in Charleston, South Carolina. He grew up in Greenville, South Carolina. He died on March 12, 2002, at UNC Hospital. He was survived by his wife, brother, two daughters, and six grandchildren.

Since 2013, Pollitzer has been listed on the Advisory Council of the National Center for Science Education.

The William S. Pollitzer Prize was created in honor of him.

UNC Medical Center
UNC Medical Center (UNCMC) is a 932-bed non-profit, nationally ranked, public, research and academic medical center located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, providing tertiary care for the Research Triangle, surrounding areas and North Carolina. The medical center is the flagship campus of the UNC Health Care Health System and is made up of four hospitals that include the North Carolina Memorial Hospital, North Carolina Children's Hospital, North Carolina Neurosciences Hospital, North Carolina Women's Hospital, and the North Carolina Cancer Hospital. UNCMC is affiliated with the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. UNCMC features an ACS designated adult and pediatric Level 1 Trauma Center and has a helipad to handle medevac patients.
Yoshinori Shirakawa
Baron Yoshinori Shirakawa  (白川 義則, Shirakawa Yoshinori; January 24, 1869 – May 26, 1932) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He died from injuries caused by a bomb set by Korean independence activist Yun Bong-gil in Shanghai.

11th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 11th Division (第11師団, Dai Jūichi Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the Brocade Division (錦兵団, Nishiki-heidan), and its military symbol was 11D. The 11th Division was one of six infantry divisions newly raised by the Imperial Japanese Army after the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). The division received its colors on 1 October 1898 and was disbanded in September 1945. Its troops were recruited primarily from communities in the four prefectures of the island of Shikoku. It was originally headquartered in the city of Zentsuji, Kagawa, and its first commander was Lieutenant General Nogi Maresuke.
Maro Kontou
Maro Kontou (Greek: Μάρω Κοντού; born 21 June 1934) is a Greek actress and politician. She performed in more than sixty films since 1954. Kontou was a member of the Hellenic Parliament from 1999 to 2007, representing the Athens A constituency and elected as a member of New Democracy.

Hellenic Parliament
37°58′31″N 23°44′13″E﻿ / ﻿37.97528°N 23.73694°E﻿ / 37.97528; 23.73694

The Parliament of the Hellenes (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, romanized: Voulí ton Ellínon), commonly known as the Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο, romanized: Ellinikó Koinovoúlio), is the unicameral legislature of Greece, located in the Old Royal Palace, overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens. The parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament (MPs).

It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term. From 1844–1863 and from 1927–1935, the parliament was bicameral with an upper house (the Senate; Greek: Γερουσία, romanized: Gerousía) and a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies; Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων, Voulí ton Antiprosópon). Several important Greek statesmen have served as the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
2017–18 Bobsleigh World Cup
The 2017–18 Bobsleigh World Cup was a multi-race series over a season for bobsleigh. The season started on 9 November 2017 in Lake Placid, USA and ended on 21 January 2018 in Königssee, Germany. The World Cup is organised by the IBSF (formerly the FIBT) who also run World Cups and Championships in skeleton. The season was sponsored by BMW.

Mt. Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run
The Mt. Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run is a venue for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton on Mount Van Hoevenberg, located at the Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex in Lake Placid, New York, United States. This venue was used for the 1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics and for the only winter Goodwill Games in 2000. The track hosted both the first FIBT World Championships and FIL World Luge Championships held outside of Europe, doing so in 1949 and 1983. The third and most recent version of the track was completed in 2000. In 2010 the bobsled track was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Adamolekun
Adamolekun is a Yoruba surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ladipo Adamolekun, public administration scholar

Nathaniel Adamolekun, Jamaican footballer

Olufolasade Adamolekun, Jamaican footballer

Yemi Adamolekun, executive director of Enough is Enough

Damola Adamolekun, CEO of Red Lobster

Ladipo Adamolekun
Ladipo Adamolekun listenⓘ(born July 20, 1942) is a Nigerian public administration scholar, former dean of the Faculty of Administration at Obafemi Awolowo University and was a lead public sector management specialist at World Bank.
Midlands Technical College
Midlands Technical College is a public technical college with locations in the Richland, Lexington, and Fairfield counties of South Carolina. Midlands Technical College is the second largest technical college in the state with approximately 22,500 students.

Lexington County, South Carolina
Lexington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 293,991. Its county seat and largest community is Lexington. The county was chartered in 1785 and was named in commemoration of Lexington, Massachusetts, the site of the Battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War. Lexington County is the sixth-most populous county in South Carolina by population and is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
Charles Chandler Oakes
Charles Chandler Oakes (1856 – December 4, 1934) was an American sea captain of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, originally on windjammers and later on steamships. He was also an author: in 1933, he published his memoirs, written with his sea-faring wife. They were re-released in 2009 as Beckets & Hinges: Sea Tales of Old North Yarmouth, Maine.

Windjammer
A windjammer is a commercial sailing ship with multiple masts, however rigged. The informal term "windjammer" arose during the transition from the Age of Sail to the Age of Steam during the 19th century. The Oxford English Dictionary records the term "wind jammer" with reference to a ship from 1878 and nautical use of "windjamming" from 1886. The word has evolved to include passenger cruise ships.
Agartala–SMVT Bengaluru Humsafar Express
The 12504/12503 Agartala–SMVT Bengaluru Humsafar Express  is the longest-running Humsafar Express and 7th longest train service of Indian Railways, It is a fully air conditioned express train, connecting Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal, Bengaluru, the capital city of Karnataka and Agartala railway station, Agartala, the capital city of Tripura via Guwahati, New Jalpaiguri, Malda Town, Rampurhat, Kharagpur . It is currently being operated with 12503/12504 train numbers on a weekly basis. The train runs through states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Assam and Tripura. On its journey the train also touches some parts of Jharkhand in Pakur district but does not have the stoppage there.

Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal
Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal, Bengaluru railway station (station code: SMVB)  is an Indian Railways train station located in Baiyyapanahalli, Bengaluru in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the third intercity coaching terminal in Bengaluru after Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna (Bengaluru) and Yesvantpur Junction railway station. One of the first two Amrit Bharat Express originating terminating at this station starting from Malda Town railway station  flagged off on 30 December 2023.
SC Wiedenbrück
SC Wiedenbrück is a German association football club from the city of Rheda-Wiedenbrück, North Rhine-Westphalia. The footballers are part of a sports club of some 1,150 members that also includes departments for dance, gymnastics, and table tennis.

Oberliga Westfalen
The Oberliga Westfalen is the highest level football league in the region of Westphalia, which is part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The league existed from 1978 to 2008, but was then replaced by the NRW-Liga, a new statewide league. With the reform of the league system in 2012, which reduced the Regionalliga West  to clubs from North Rhine-Westphalia only and disbanded the NRW-Liga below it, the Oberliga Westfalen was reintroduced as the highest tier in the region and the fifth level overall in Germany. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system.
Alphonso Williams
Alphonso Williams (20 July 1962 – 10 October 2019) was an American soul singer, active in Germany. He won the fourteenth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar. During his participation in DSDS, he came up with the stage name Mr. Bling Bling, which he then continued to use.

Das Supertalent
Das Supertalent (Germany's Got Talent, Got Talent Germany) is a German talent show, part of the internationally successful Got Talent franchise, presented by Victoria Swarovski and Knossi. Just like in all other versions of the franchise, auditions take place and the judges review their talent and then later the home audience votes in an election to deem who wins. The prize money is €50,000.
Luhman 16
Luhman 16 (also designated WISE 1049−5319 or WISE J104915.57−531906.1) is a binary brown-dwarf system in the southern constellation Vela at a distance of 6.51 light-years (2.00 parsecs) from the Sun. These are the closest-known brown dwarfs and the closest system found since the measurement of the proper motion of Barnard's Star in 1916, and the third-closest-known system to the Sun (after the Alpha Centauri system and Barnard's Star). The primary is of spectral type L7.5 and the secondary of type T0.5±1 (and is hence near the L–T transition). The masses of Luhman 16 A and B are 35.4 and 29.4 Jupiter masses, respectively, and their ages are estimated to be 400–800 million years. Luhman 16 A and B orbit each other at a distance of about 3.5 astronomical units with an orbital period of approximately 26.6 years.

Binary system
A binary system is a system of two astronomical bodies of the same kind that are comparable in size. Definitions vary, but typically require the center of mass to be located outside of either object. (See animated examples.)

The most common kinds of binary system are binary stars and binary asteroids, but brown dwarfs, planets, neutron stars, black holes and galaxies can also form binaries.

A multiple system is similar but consists of three or more objects, for example triple stars and triple asteroids (a more common term than 'trinary').
Malsis Hall
Malsis Hall is a mansion in Glusburn, North Yorkshire, England. It was built in the 1860s by Bradford-based architect Samuel Jackson for the Keighley-based textile magnate James Lund. It is a grade II listed building.

Since 2019 Malsis Hall has been operated by Enhanced Community Homes Options (ECHO) as a specialist residential care home for people with complex mental health conditions.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
Mick Gillies
Michael Thomas Gillies (15 September 1920 – 10 December 1999) 
was an English medical entomologist. He spent most of his working life in the tropics, particularly Tanzania (then known as Tanganyika) and later The Gambia, studying the transfer of malaria between mosquitos and humans. He was awarded the Chalmers and Sir Rickard Christophers Medals for his seminal contribution to the understanding of the role of mosquito behaviour in the transfer of malaria.  He was also a world authority on the mayfly.

Gillies was not only highly respected for his academic achievements; he was widely loved for his warm and humorous personality.

He was the youngest son of the eminent plastic surgeon Sir Harold Gillies, but was also proud to be descended from one of Edward Lear's sisters.  He is survived by two daughters from his first marriage to Agnes Sleigh, Susie Winter and Jacqueline Gillies, and by his second wife, Eva Gillies.

Edward Lear
Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, who is known mostly for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limericks, a form he popularised but which term he never used.

His principal areas of work as an artist were threefold: as a draughtsman employed to make illustrations of birds and animals, making coloured drawings during his journeys (which he reworked later, sometimes as plates for his travel books) and as a minor illustrator of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poems.

As an author, he is known principally for his popular nonsense collections of poems, songs, short stories, botanical drawings, recipes and alphabets. He also composed and published twelve musical settings of Tennyson's poetry.
Wild Card (2015 film)
Wild Card is a 2015 American action thriller film directed by Simon West and starring Jason Statham, Michael Angarano, Milo Ventimiglia, Dominik Garcia-Lorido, Anne Heche, and Sofia Vergara.  Based on the 1985 novel Heat by William Goldman, it is a remake of the 1986 adaptation that starred Burt Reynolds. The film was released in the United States on January 30, 2015 in a limited release and through video on demand.

Wild Card received negative reviews and was a box-office bomb, making only $6.7 million worldwide against a $30 million budget.

Dominik García-Lorido
Dominik Cristina García-Lorido (born August 16, 1983) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in The Lost City as Mercedes Fellove and City Island as Vivian Rizzo (the daughter of the character played by her real-life father, Andy García). She was a main cast member in the Starz drama Magic City (2012–2013).
2016 Lebanese Elite Cup
The 2016 Lebanese Elite Cup is the 19th edition of this football tournament in Lebanon. The competition started on 6 August through to the final on 21 August. This tournament includes the six best teams from the 2015–16 Lebanese Premier League season.

Lebanese Elite Cup
The Lebanese Elite Cup (Arabic: كأس النخبة اللبناني) was a Lebanese football annual cup competition contested by the top six teams of the previous Lebanese Premier League season. Founded in 1996 as the Super League Cup, the first edition was played by the top five finishers of the league and the Lebanese FA Cup winners.

The most successful club in the competition is Nejmeh was 12 titles, followed by Ahed with six. The competition was suspended in 2023, alongside the Lebanese Challenge Cup, and was replaced by the Lebanese Federation Cup.