hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mvoti River
The Mvoti River or uMvoti River is a river in the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. In the vicinity of KwaDukuza, the Mvoti River, is subject to extensive water abstraction, which supplies water for irrigation, industrial use, urban consumption, and domestic use in informal settlements.

The Mvoti estuary (29°24′S 32°20′E﻿ / ﻿29.400°S 32.333°E﻿ / -29.400; 32.333) is situated north of the coastal city of Durban. The river is approximately 197 km long and has a catchment area of 2829 km2.

The river is named after Headman Mvoti Ncashange, of the L'la clan (the people of rest), who settled on the banks of this river.

KwaDukuza
KwaDukuza, previously known as Stanger, is a town in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In 2006, the municipal name was changed to KwaDukuza (which incorporates towns such as Stanger, Ballito and Shakaskraal), but the Zulu people in the area called it "Dukuza" well before then.

The city has undergone minor economic construction since 2015, having built a multi-million rand regional shopping mall in 2018. KwaDukuza also has a college called North Coast Agricultural College located in Shakaskraal.
Shizuoka oden
Shizuoka oden is a variation of oden, a stew-like Japanese food consisting of fish paste cakes, boiled eggs, daikon, potatoes, kelp rolls, konnyaku, and other ingredients that are first boiled, then kept simmering in a broth until consumption.

Daikon
Daikon (大根 (だいこん) or mooli (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) is a mild-flavored winter radish usually characterized by fast-growing leaves and a long, white, napiform root. Native to continental East Asia, daikon and its cultivars are now harvested and consumed globally. In some locations, daikon is left unharvested to loosen compacted soils and recover nutrients.
The Discovery of the Child
The Discovery of the Child is an essay by Italian pedagogist Maria Montessori (1870-1952), published in Italy in 1950, about the origin and features of the Montessori method, a teaching method invented by her and known worldwide.

The book is nothing more than a rewrite of one of her previous books, which was published for the first time in 1909 with the title The method of scientific pedagogy applied to infant education in children's homes. This book was rewritten and republished five times, adding each time the new discoveries and techniques learnt; in particular, it was published in 1909, 1913, 1926, 1935 and 1950. The title was changed only in the last edition (1950), becoming The Discovery of the Child.

Giuseppe Sergi
Giuseppe Sergi (March 20, 1841 – October 17, 1936) was an Italian anthropologist of the early twentieth century, best known for his opposition to Nordicism in his books on the racial identity of Mediterranean peoples. He rejected existing racial typologies that identified Mediterranean peoples as "dark whites" because they implied a Nordicist conception of Mediterranean peoples descending from whites who had become racially mixed with non-whites which he claimed was false. His concept of the Mediterranean race, identified Mediterranean peoples as being an autonomous brunet race and he claimed that the Nordic race was descended from the Mediterranean race whose skin had depigmented to a pale complexion after it moved north. This concept became important to the modelling of racial difference in the early twentieth century.
Tilemsi Arabs
The Tilemsi Arabs or Arabs of Gao, include Arabic-speaking populations in the northeastern region of the Niger Bend, near Gao. They are distinct from the other large group of Arabic speakers in Mali, the Bérabich, who are generally more educated and hold more pro-government views. The Lemhar Arabs are the largest tribe within Tilemsi Arabs, and are used as a catch-all term for the group. There are other Tilemsi Arab tribes, such as the Mechdouf. Both the Mechdouf and Lemhar have been in conflict since 2007, and both engage prominently in drug trafficking and ethnic militant groups in the Mali War.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Liu Mingyuan
Liu Mingyuan (刘明源, pinyin: Líu Míngyuán; 1931-1996) was a prominent Chinese musician, composer, and teacher. He played the Chinese bowed string instruments banhu, zhonghu, gaohu, erhu, jinghu, and zhuihu, among others, as well as the piano.

Banhu
The banhu (Chinese: 板胡; pinyin: bǎnhú) is a Chinese traditional bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments.  It is used primarily in northern China. Ban means a piece of wood and hu is short for huqin.

Like the more familiar erhu and gaohu, the banhu has two strings, is held vertically, and the bow hair passes in between the two strings.  The banhu differs in construction from the erhu in that its soundbox is generally made from a coconut shell rather than wood, and instead of a snakeskin that is commonly used to cover the faces of huqin instruments, the banhu uses a thin wooden board.

The banhu is sometimes also called "banghu," because it is often used in bangzi
opera of northern China, such as Qinqiang from Shaanxi province.

The yehu, another type of Chinese fiddle with a coconut body and wooden face, is used primarily in southern China.
Yasnohorivka
Yasnohorivka (Ukrainian: Ясногорівка), formerly known as Krasnohorivka (Ukrainian: Красногорівка; Russian: Красногоровка) is a village in Ocheretyne settlement hromada, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 24.7 kilometres (15.3 mi) north-northwest (NNW) from the centre of Donetsk city.

The War in Donbas, which started in mid-April 2014, has brought along both civilian and military casualties.

Krasnohorivka was reported by DeepStateMap.Live to have been captured by Russia on 3 November 2023.

In 2024 the Verkhovna Rada renamed the village as a part of the derussification campaign.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
Shapki
Shapki (Russian: Ша́пки) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Shapki, Kirov Oblast, a village in Yumsky Rural Okrug of Svechinsky District in Kirov Oblast; 58°15′N 47°54′E﻿ / ﻿58.250°N 47.900°E﻿ / 58.250; 47.900

Shapki, Leningrad Oblast, a settlement in Shapkinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Tosnensky District in Leningrad Oblast

Shapki, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Klyarinovskoye Rural Settlement of Rudnyansky District in Smolensk Oblast

Svechinsky District
Svechinsky District (Russian: Свечинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-nine in Kirov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,773 square kilometers (685 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Svecha. Population: 8,517 (2010 Census); 10,229 (2002 Census); 12,229 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Svecha accounts for 55.9% of the district's total population.
Lampronia fuscatella
Lampronia fuscatella is a moth of the family Prodoxidae. It is found in most of Europe, with the exception of Iceland, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and most of the Balkan Peninsula. To the east its range extends to the Baltic region and northern Russia.

The wingspan is 14–18 mm. Head whitish-yellowish. Forewings rather dark shining prismatic fuscous. Hindwings with hair-scales, grey. Adults are on wing from May to June and are active in the afternoon sunshine.

The larvae form a swelling, or gall on a twig of a Betula species, usually at a node, within which it feeds.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Tree pose
Tree pose or Vrikshasana (Sanskrit: वृक्षासन, romanized: vṛkṣāsana) is a balancing asana. It is one of the very few standing poses in medieval hatha yoga, and remains popular in modern yoga as exercise. The pose has been called iconic of modern yoga; it is often featured in yoga magazines, and practised in public displays such as for the International Day of Yoga.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Torras i Bages (Barcelona Metro)
Torras i Bages is a station of the Barcelona Metro, on L1 (red line). Opened in 1968, it serves the northern part of the Sant Andreu de Palomar neighbourhood in the Sant Andreu district. It was one of the termini of this subway line until 1983, when it was extended into Santa Coloma de Gramenet. The station does not include accessibility facilities as of 2008. It has two 107-metre-long platforms, and it is unusual for a subway station of this kind in having three railtracks as opposed to two, due to its former role as line terminus. The current railtrack leading to Fondo is actually a secondary one.

The station is named after a road, Passeig de Torras i Bages (and ultimately after the 19th century bishop of Vic Josep Torras i Bages.

Diocese of Vic
The Diocese of Vic  (Latin: Dioecesis Vicensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church with its seat in the city of Vic in the ecclesiastical province of Tarragona in Catalonia, Spain. Its cathedral is a basilica dedicated to Saint Peter.
Negros killings
The Negros killings were a series of targeted assassinations carried out by unidentified gunmen in the provinces of Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental in the Philippines. Some of the victims involved were suspected communists or sympathizers. Following the killings, Memorandum Order No. 32 was signed by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea on November 23, 2018, upon the orders of President Rodrigo Duterte deploying additional troops to the provinces of Negros Oriental, Negros Occidental, Samar, and the Bicol Region to "suppress sporadic acts of violence" allegedly committed by lawless groups and to "prevent such violence from spreading and escalating elsewhere in the country." Even after the memorandum was signed, the incidence of killings continued. According to the Defend Negros Movement, the first recorded extrajudicial killing on Negros Island was Alexander Ceballos on January 20, 2017. The group also alleged that at least 84 persons have been killed since 2017.

Samar (province)
Samar, officially the Province of Samar (Waray: Probinsya han Samar; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Samar), or also known as Western Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Catbalogan while Calbayog is the most populous city in the province. It is bordered by Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte and Leyte Gulf, and includes several islands in the Samar Sea. Samar is connected to the island of Leyte via the San Juanico Bridge.

In 1768, Leyte and modern Samar were created out of the historical province of Samar.  In 1965, Northern and Eastern Samar were created.

Fishing and agriculture are the major economic activities in the province.

On 8 November 2013, the province was significantly damaged by Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), particularly the towns of Basey, Marabut and Santa Rita.
Chivasso railway station
Chivasso railway station serves the town and comune of Chivasso, in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy.  Opened in 1856, it forms part of the Turin–Milan railway, and is also a junction for three other lines, to Aosta, Asti and Alessandria.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  Train services are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ferroˈviːe dello ˈstaːto itaˈljaːne]; lit. 'Italian State Railways JSC'; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the initialism FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate services and other services in Italy and other European countries.
University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture
The University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture is the architectural school of the University of Santo Tomas, the oldest and the largest Catholic university in Manila, Philippines.

Established in 1930, the college is one of the first architectural schools in the Philippines. It is also one of the only 2 to be proclaimed as a Center of Excellence in Architecture by the Commission on Higher Education and a consistent top performing school in the Philippine Architecture Licensure Examination.

G.T. International Tower
G.T. Tower International is an office skyscraper located in Makati, Philippines. The "G.T." in the name stands for George Ty, the building's owner and chairman of the Metrobank Group. Standing at 217 meters (712 ft), it is currently the 16th-tallest building in the country and Metro Manila as well. The building has 47 floors above ground, and 5 basement levels for parking.
Manawaka
Manawaka is a fictional town in the Canadian province of Manitoba, frequently used as a setting in novels and short stories by Margaret Laurence. The town was based on Laurence's real-life hometown of Neepawa, and should not be confused with the real-life town of Maniwaki, Quebec.  The town is also used in Daniel Poliquin's novel L'écureuil noir.

The Manawaka sequence consists of the books The Stone Angel, A Jest of God, The Fire-Dwellers, A Bird in the House, and The Diviners.

Maniwaki
Maniwaki is a town in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is situated 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Ottawa, Ontario, on the Gatineau River, at the crossroads of Route 105 and Route 107, near Route 117 (Trans-Canada Highway). The town is the administrative centre for La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality.
Wilmot Howard Cole
Wilmot Howard Cole (February 16, 1834 – December 13, 1915) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario. He represented Brockville in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1879 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Brockville, the son of Abel Cole and Catherine Seaman, and was educated there. He established himself in business in 1855 as a merchant. He served in the local militia, reaching the rank of colonel, and served during the Fenian raids. Cole was a member of the town council and a prominent member of the local Oddfellows lodge, also serving as grand master. He helped found a company that established waterworks at Brockville. Cole married Jane Adelaide Phillips. In 1882, he was named registrar for Leeds County. Cole was one of the promoters of the Brockville, Westport and Sault Ste. Marie Railway. He died in 1915.

Leeds County
Leeds County is a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario. The county was first surveyed in 1792 as one of the nineteen counties created by Sir John Graves Simcoe in preparation for the United Empire Loyalists to settle here. The county took its name from Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds; the "Leeds" of the Dukedom referred to Leeds in West Yorkshire, England and not for Leeds, Kent, England. In 1850, Leeds County merged with Grenville County to create the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville. This county was home to several townships as well as the city of Brockville.
Fausto Mazzoleni
Fausto Mazzoleni (born December 15, 1960) is a former Swiss professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the Nationalliga A for HC Davos, EHC Kloten and EV Zug.

Mazzoleni participated as a member of the Swiss national team at the 1988 Winter Olympics.

EHC Kloten
EHC Kloten is a professional ice hockey team based in Kloten in Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. It has one of the best youth systems in Swiss ice hockey as its youth teams have won 19 championships during the last 50 years. EHC Kloten won four consecutive Swiss championships from 1993 to 1996. They had never been relegated until the 2017–18 season. They returned to the NL following the 2021–22 season.

The team was called the Kloten Flyers between 2000 and 2016.
Fosdick Mountains
The Fosdick Mountains (76°32′S 144°45′W﻿ / ﻿76.533°S 144.750°W﻿ / -76.533; -144.750﻿ (Fosdick Mountains)) are an east–west trending mountain range with marked serrate outlines, standing along the south side of Balchen Glacier at the head of Block Bay, in the Ford Ranges of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica.

Arthur Hays Sulzberger
Arthur Hays Sulzberger (September 12, 1891 – December 11, 1968) was publisher of The New York Times from 1935 to 1961. During that time, daily circulation rose from 465,000 to 713,000 and Sunday circulation from 745,000 to 1.4 million; the staff more than doubled, reaching 5,200; advertising linage grew from 19 million to 62 million column inches per year; and gross income increased almost sevenfold, reaching $117 million.
2003 Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The 22nd Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces was the 2003 version of the Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces. It took place on March 28 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Falubaz Zielona Góra
Falubaz Zielona Góra is a Polish motorcycle speedway team based in Zielona Góra who currently races in PGE Ekstraliga. It is one of the most successful teams in Poland, winning seven Team Speedway Polish Championships (latest in 2013). It is commonly known as Falubaz due to one of its former names.
Bruce Brownlee
Bruce Brownlee is a New Zealand former professional squash player.

Brownlee was introduced to squash by his father Colin in Rotorua. In 1976 he won the British Amateur Championship. Brownlee won one New Zealand Open Championship and two national titles. He became a leading player in the late 1970s and early 1980s reaching a world ranking of six in January 1981. Whilst representing the Bay of Plenty he became the New Zealand number one and gained international honours.

He represented New Zealand in the 1976, 1977 and 1981 World Team Squash Championships. A hip injury forced his early retirement. He is married to Robyn Blackwood, a former leading women's player.

Bay of Plenty
The Bay of Plenty (Māori: Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi) is a large bight along the northern coast of New Zealand's North Island. It stretches 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east. Called Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi (the Ocean of Toitehuatahi) in the Māori language after Toi-te-huatahi, an early ancestor, the name 'Bay of Plenty' was bestowed by James Cook in 1769 when he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there, in stark contrast to observations he had made earlier in Poverty Bay.
Flight 1 (Mad Men)
"Flight 1" is the second episode of the second season of the American television drama series Mad Men. It was written by series creator Matthew Weiner and Lisa Albert, and was directed by Andrew Bernstein. The episode originally aired on AMC in the United States on August 3, 2008.

Lisa Albert
Lisa Albert is an American television writer and producer. She was born in New York City, and is currently based out of Los Angeles, California. Albert originally began working in publishing until she switched to television writing in 1986. She worked on the AMC drama series Mad Men as a writer and producer and won a Writers Guild of America Award for her work on the show.
1934 Putney by-election
The 1934 Putney by-election was held on 28 November 1934.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Samuel Samuel.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Marcus Samuel, his elder brother.

Samuel Samuel
Samuel Samuel (7 April 1855 – 23 October 1934) was a British businessman and Conservative Party politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1913 to 1934, and had extensive investments in East Asia. He was one of the founders of the company that would become Shell.
Barron River (Queensland)
The Barron River (Indigenous: Bibhoora) is located on the Atherton Tablelands inland from Cairns in North Queensland, Australia. With its headwaters below Mount Hypipamee, the 165-kilometre (103 mi)-long river with a catchment area of approximately 2,138 square kilometres (825 sq mi) forms through run off from the Mount Hypipamee National Park, flows through Lake Tinaroo, and eventually empties into the Coral Sea between Machans Beach and Aeroglen.

North Queensland
North Queensland or the Northern Region is the northern part of the Australian state of Queensland that lies just south of Far North Queensland. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its tropical northern part has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.  The region is prone to floods and cyclones.

The region has a population of 231,628 and covers 80,041.5 km2 (30,904.2 sq mi).
Bill Young (Florida politician)
Charles William Young (December 16, 1930 – October 18, 2013) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 until his death in 2013. A Republican from Florida, Young served as chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations from 1999 to 2005. He was the longest-serving Republican member of Congress at the time of his death.

Seniority in the United States House of Representatives
This is a complete list of current United States representatives based on seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office. Representatives whose terms begin the same day are ranked alphabetically by last name.