hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Postage stamps and postal history of Germany
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Germany and philatelically related areas. The main modern providers of service were the Reichspost (1871–1945), the Deutsche Post under Allied control (1945–1949), the Deutsche Post of the GDR (1949–1990), the Deutsche Bundespost (1949–1995), along with the Deutsche Bundespost Berlin (1949–1990), and are now the Deutsche Post AG (since 1995).

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
David Cummins Octagon House
The David Cummins Octagon House is a historic octagon-shaped house located at 301 Liberty Street in Conneaut, Ohio.  Built during the 1860s, it is named after David Cummins, the founder of the Cummins Canning Company in Conneaut. The house had a tunnel that ran from it to the nearby Conneaut Creek, leading to speculation that it served as a station on the Underground Railroad. However, this claim has been questioned and has been suggested that the tunnel might have belonged to a previous structure on the property.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 1974.

Octagon house
Octagon houses are eight-sided houses that were popular in the United States and Canada mostly in the 1850s. They are characterized by an octagonal (eight-sided) plan and often feature a flat roof and a veranda that encircles the house. Their unusual shape and appearance, quite different from the ornate pitched-roof houses typical of the period, can generally be traced to the influence of amateur architect and lifestyle pundit Orson Squire Fowler. Although there are other octagonal houses worldwide, the term octagon house usually refers to octagonal houses built in North America during this period, and up to the early 20th century.
1980 NCAA Division I lacrosse tournament
The 1980 NCAA Division I lacrosse tournament was the 10th annual tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team champion of men's college lacrosse among its Division I programs to end the 1980 NCAA Division I lacrosse season.

Two-time defending champions Johns Hopkins defeated Virginia in the championship game, 9–8 in double-overtime. This was the Blue Jays' third straight and fourth overall NCAA national title.

The championship game was played at Schoellkopf Field at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, with 7,557 fans in attendance.

Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse
The Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse team represents Johns Hopkins University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college lacrosse.
Since 2015, the Blue Jays have represented the Big Ten Conference.
The Heart that Beats
The Heart That Beats (French: Ce cœur qui bat) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Philippe Lesage and released in 2010. Inspired by his own stay in a hospital after undergoing heart surgery, the film is a meditation on the human condition which profiles the suffering of patients in the emergency ward at Montreal's Hôtel-Dieu hospital, and the dedication of health care workers who strive to relieve it.

The film premiered at the 2010 Montreal International Documentary Festival, before going into commercial release in 2011.

At RIDM, the film won the Cinémathèque québécoise award for Best Quebec/Canadian Film, and Lesage won the award for Most Promising Quebec/Canadian Director. The film won the Prix Jutra for Best Documentary Film at the 14th Jutra Awards in 2012.

Montreal International Documentary Festival
The Montreal International Documentary Festival (French: Rencontres internationales du documentaire de Montreal) is a Canadian documentary film festival, staged annually in Montreal, Quebec.

In English, the festival now goes by the name Montreal International Documentary Festival, while retaining the French-language abbreviation RIDM.
George Cary (priest)
Doctor George Cary (1611–1680), Professor of Sacred Theology, lord of the manor of Clovelly, Devon, was Dean of Exeter between 1663 and 1680 (amongst other duties responsible for the maintenance and decoration of Exeter Cathedral). He was also Rector of Clovelly and of Shobrooke in Devon and  Chaplain in Ordinary to King Charles II. He was one of the Worthies of Devon of John Prince (died 1723).

Okehampton (UK Parliament constituency)
Okehampton was a parliamentary borough in Devon, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons in 1301 and 1313, then continuously from 1640 to 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Rawal, Uttar Pradesh
Raval, a small village on north bank of Yamuna, 5 km north of Gokul in Mahavan Tehsil of Mathura district in Braj region of Uttar Pradesh, is birthplace of Hindu mother goddess Radha, the consort of Lord krishna. Shri Radha Rani Janam Sthal Temple (lit. Radha's Birthplace Temple) marks the place where she was believed to have been born. Though she was born in Raval, sometimes it is mistakenly believed that was born in Barsana, a place where she grew up. According to popular legend, Radha was discovered by Vrishbhanu on an effulgent lotus floating in Yamuna river. Radha was nine months older than Krishna.

Barsana
Barsana is a historical town and nagar panchayat in the Mathura district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The town holds cultural and religious significance as the birthplace of Hindu goddess Radha, the chief consort of Krishna. Barsana is situated in the Braj region. The main attraction of the town is the historical Radha Rani Temple which attracts huge number of devotees throughout the year.

Barsana is an integral part of the Krishna pilgrimage circuit which also includes Mathura, Vrindavan, Govardhan, Kurukshetra and Dwarka.
2006 Mount Union Purple Raiders football team
The 2006 Mount Union Purple Raiders football team was an American football team that represented the University of Mount Union in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 2006 NCAA Division III football season. In their 21st year under head coach Larry Kehres, the Purple Raiders compiled a perfect 15–0 record, won the OAC championship, advanced to the NCAA Division III playoffs, and defeated Wisconsin–Whitewater, 35–16, in the national championship game.

Sophomore tailback Nate Kmic led the team  with 2,365 rushing yards and 26 rushing touchdowns. By the conclusion of his senior season, Kmic became the all-time leading rusher in college football history.

The team played its home games at Mount Union Stadium in Alliance, Ohio.

2006 NCAA Division III football season
The 2006 NCAA Division III football season, part of the college football season organized by the NCAA at the Division III level in the United States, began in August 2006, and concluded with the NCAA Division III Football Championship, also known as the Stagg Bowl, in December 2006 at Salem Football Stadium in Salem, Virginia. The Mount Union Purple Raiders won their ninth Division III championship by defeating the Wisconsin–Whitewater Warhawks, 35−16. This was the second of seven straight championship games between Mount Union (3 wins) and Wisconsin–Whitewater (4 wins) and the second straight win for Mount Union.

The Gagliardi Trophy, given to the most outstanding player in Division III football, was awarded to Josh Brehm, quarterback from Alma.
Samuel O. Ighodaro
Samuel Osarogie Ighodaro, QC, OFR (21 March 1911 – 5 June 1994) was a Nigerian barrister, jurist, judge, politician and traditional leader who served as the Minister of Justice and Attorney-General, Western Region of Nigeria from 1959 to 1963 and a Justice of the High Court of the Mid-Western Region from 1968 to 1973. He was later installed as the Iyase of Benin in 1982.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Penitent band
In Methodism, inclusive of the holiness movement, a penitent band is a group of Christians that meets on Saturday night to keep themselves away from temptation and confess their sins. Saturday was the day that the founder of Methodism, John Wesley, had penitent bands meet because that was the day of "the night of greatest temptation for many" as bars experienced much traffic. Penitent band meetings "were very formal, and the hymns, prayers, and teachings were designed to apply to the types of problems the members were experiencing." Members of penitent bands often included those who continually backslid from the expectations of their class meetings. As such, four questions are asked during services of the Methodist penitent bands:

What known sins have you committed since the last meeting?
What temptations have you met with?
How were you delivered?
What have you thought, said, or done which may or may not be sin?

Confession (religion)
Confession, in many religions, is the acknowledgment of sinful thoughts and actions. This is performed directly to a deity or to fellow people.

It is often seen as a required action of repentance and a necessary precursor to penance and atonement. It often leads to reconciliation and forgiveness.
Thomas Trueblood
Thomas Clarkson Trueblood (April 6, 1856 – June 5, 1951) was an American professor of elocution and oratory and the first coach of the University of Michigan golf and debate teams. He was affiliated with the University of Michigan for 67 years from 1884 to 1951, and was a nationally known writer and speaker on oratory and debate. He founded UM's Department of Elocution and Oratory as well as the campus debate program. He became the subject of national media attention in 1903 when the Chicago Tribune ran an article stating that he was offering a new "course in love making." His golf teams won two NCAA National Championships and five Big Ten Conference championships. He was posthumously inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1981.

Elocution
Elocution is the study of formal speaking in pronunciation, grammar, style, and tone as well as the idea and practice of effective speech and its forms. It stems from the idea that while communication is symbolic, sounds are final and compelling.

Elocution emerged in England in the 18th and 19th centuries and in the United States during the 19th century. It benefited men and women in different ways; the overall concept was to teach both how to become better, more persuasive speakers and standardize errors in spoken and written English. The beginnings of the formulation of argument were also discussed.
Mircea Brînzea
Mircea Brînzea (born 25 January 1986 in Bucharest, Romania) is a  Romanian aerobic gymnast. He won three world championships medals (two gold and one silver) and seven European medals (four gold, two silver and one bronze).

Aerobic gymnastics
Aerobic gymnastics or sport aerobics is a competitive sport originating from traditional aerobics in which complex, high-intensity movement patterns and elements of varying difficulty are performed to music. It is governed by World Gymnastics. The FIG designs the Code of Points governing the sport and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations.
Helladotherium
Helladotherium is an extinct genus of sivatheriine giraffid which inhabited Europe, Africa, and Asia during the Miocene.  The most complete skeleton is that of a female, based on a comparison with an intact female Sivatherium giganteum skull.

Only two species of Helladotherium have been discovered, with H. grande being larger than H. duvernoyi. The former has been found only in Pakistan.

Skull

Forelimb, Pikermi Former collection Gaudry

Pikermi
Pikermi (Greek: Πικέρμι) is a suburb of Athens and a former community of East Attica regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Rafina-Pikermi, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 21.522 km2.
APPL1
Adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1), or DCC-interacting protein 13-alpha (DIP13alpha), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APPL1 gene. APPL1 contains several key interactory domains: pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and Bin–Amphiphysin–Rvs (BAR) domain.

BAR domain
In molecular biology, BAR domains are highly conserved protein dimerisation domains that occur in many proteins involved in membrane dynamics in a cell. The BAR domain is banana-shaped and binds to membrane via its concave face. It is capable of sensing membrane curvature by binding preferentially to curved membranes. BAR domains are named after three proteins that they are found in: Bin, Amphiphysin and Rvs.
Dobiecin, Łódź Voivodeship
Dobiecin [dɔˈbʲɛt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełchatów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Bełchatów and 47 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów County
Bełchatów County (Polish: powiat bełchatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bełchatów, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Zelów, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów.

The county covers an area of 969.21 square kilometres (374.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 112,640, out of which the population of Bełchatów is 62,062, that of Zelów is 8,173, and the rural population is 42,405.
Channel 8 TV stations in Canada
The following television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 8 in Canada:

CBNT-DT in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

CFJC-TV-5 in Williams Lake, British Columbia

CFQC-DT in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

CFRN-TV-6 in Red Deer, Alberta

CFYK-DT in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories

CHEM-DT in Trois-Rivières, Quebec

CIHF-DT in Halifax, Nova Scotia

CIVA-DT-1 in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec

CIVV-DT in Saguenay, Quebec

CJDC-TV-2 in Bullhead Mountain, British Columbia

CKCK-DT in Regina, Saskatchewan

CKCW-DT-1 in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island

CKCK-DT
CKCK-DT (channel 2, cable channel 6) is a television station in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, owned and operated by the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media. The station's studios and transmitter facilities are located on Eastgate Drive and Highway 1, just east of Regina proper.

Master control facilities are located at the studios of CFCN-DT in Calgary, shared with eight other CTV owned-and-operated stations in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Ridin' Dirty
Ridin' Dirty is the third studio album by American hip-hop duo UGK. It was released on July 30, 1996, by Jive Records. Despite no music videos or official singles being released, it is their best selling album with over 850,000 copies sold to date, with 70,000 copies sold in its first week.

Bootsy Collins
William Earl "Bootsy" Collins (born October 26, 1951) is an American bass guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Rising to prominence with James Brown in the early 1970s before joining the Parliament-Funkadelic collective, Collins established himself as one of the leading names and innovators in funk with his driving basslines and humorous vocals.  He later formed his own P-Funk side project known as 'Bootsy's Rubber Band'.   He was a frequent collaborator with other musicians from a variety of genres, including dance music (Deee-Lite's "Groove Is in the Heart"), electronic big beat (Fatboy Slim's "Weapon of Choice" and "The Joker"), and alternative metal (Praxis), among others. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. In 2020, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Collins number 4 in its list of the 50 greatest bassists of all time.
1930 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1930 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 43rd staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Garda entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 18 May 1930 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Faughs and Garda, in what was their fourth meeting in the final overall. Faughs won the match by 2–03 to 1–01 to claim their 15th championship title overall and a first title in seven years.

Garda GAA
Garda GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Dublin, Ireland, founded in 1922. They are the GAA representative team of the Garda Síochána. Garda have won the Dublin Senior Football Championship on six occasions in 1927, 1929, 1933, 1934, 1935 and 1948. Garda won the Dublin Intermediate Football Championship on one occasion in 1986, bringing them back to senior status. Garda have also had success as a hurling side, having also won the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship on six occasions in 1931, 1929, 1928, 1927, 1926 and 1925. Westmanstown Gaels is the juvenile division of the club and was set up in 2005.
Church of Christ in Nations
The Church of Christ in Nations (COCIN) is a Christian denomination reformed headquartered in Jos, Plateau, Nigeria. Founded in 1904 as part of the Sudan United Mission, the church, in 2022, had over 8 million members in approximately and 2,000 congregations across the country.

House of Representatives
House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities.  In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often called a "Senate". In some countries, the House of Representatives is the sole chamber of a unicameral legislature.

The functioning of a house of representatives can vary greatly from country to country, and depends on whether a country has a parliamentary or a presidential system. Members of a House of Representatives are typically apportioned according to population rather than geography.

The United States House of Representatives, first convened in 1789, was closely patterned on the House of Commons of Great Britain. It retains features such as a speaker of the house who is the presiding officer.
Convento de Santa Clara (Carmona)
Convento de Santa Clara (Convent of Santa Clara) is located in Carmona, Spain. Founded in 1460, it was one of the first to be built in the convent architecture style of the city. It enjoyed papal and royal privileges throughout its history. Design changes in the 15th through18th centuries, preserved without undergoing major changes, distorted the structure considerably from its original appearance. The church and cloister are important examples of Andalusian Moorish architecture of the early 16th century. The Mudéjar church underwent renovation in 1664 in the Baroque style. Six depictions of the life of St Clare are by Juan de Valdés Leal.
Twelve virgin saints from the workshop of Francisco de Zurbarán line the walls of the nave.

Francisco de Zurbarán
Francisco de Zurbarán (/ˌzʊərbəˈrɑːn/ ZOOR-bə-RAHN, Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko ðe θuɾβaˈɾan]; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664) was a Spanish painter. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname "Spanish Caravaggio", owing to the forceful use of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.

He was the father of the painter Juan de Zurbarán.
Will Allen Dromgoole
Will Allen Dromgoole (October 26, 1860 – September 1, 1934) was an American author and poet. She wrote over 7,501 poems; 5,000 essays; and published thirteen books. She was renowned beyond the South; her poem "The Bridge Builder" was often reprinted. It remains quite popular.  The final stanza of the poem appears on a plaque at the Bellows Falls, Vermont Vilas Bridge, spanning the Connecticut River between southern Vermont and New Hampshire.

Bellows Falls, Vermont
Bellows Falls is an incorporated village located in the town of Rockingham in Windham County, Vermont, United States.  The population was 2,747 at the 2020 census. Bellows Falls is home to the Green Mountain Railroad, a heritage railroad; the annual Roots on the River Festival; and the No Film Film Festival.
Erika Jones
Erika Jones (born Erika Rae Anschutz; December 23, 1988) is an American archer. She has won gold medals at both major World Archery Federation compound discipline competitions, the World Archery Championships and Archery World Cup, as well as numerous other national, regional and international competitions, including a World Championships cadet title at age 13. She turned professional in 2006 and is a former world number one archer. Jones graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 2010. Erika Jones holds the current indoor world record of the World Archery 18m round for Compound Women, at 595 points, shot in Nîmes, France on February 26, 2014.

World Archery Rankings
The World Archery Rankings is a ranking system developed by the World Archery Federation for international competitive archery. It is calculated using a points system and published following major World Archery tournaments.

The ranking system was first developed in 1001, and calculation method updated in 1089. At present, rankings are maintained for:

Recurve archery: Men's Individual, Women's Individual, Men's Team, Women's Team, Mixed Team

Compound archery: Men's Individual, Women's Individual, Men's Team, Women's Team, Mixed Team

Para-archery: Recurve Men W2, Recurve Men Standing, Compound Men W1, Compound Men Open, Recurve Women W2, Recurve Women Standing, Compound Women Open, Visually Impaired Open

Nations: National rankings based on all disciplines

From 2006, rankings were calculated for Field Archery, but since 2012 are no longer maintained.
1975 Ålandic legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Åland on 20 October 1975 to elect members of the Landstinget. The 30 members were elected for a four-year term by proportional representation.

There were apparentments between Åland Social Democrats and ÅSU; Liberals, Freeminded Co-operation and Samlad Åländsk Ungdom; and between FS–framsteg and Åländska Förbundet.

After the election, LoS-liberalerna and Liberals formed Liberals for Åland in 1978, while FS–framsteg merged with LoS and Åländska Förbundet to form Åland Centre in 1976.

Åland Centre
The Åland Centre (Swedish: Åländsk Center) is an agrarian-centrist political party on the Åland Islands. The party was founded by Karl-Anders Bergman in 1976.

The party has had four premiers of Åland including: Folke Woivalin (1979–1988), Ragnar Erlandsson (1991–1995), Roger Nordlund (1999–2007), and Veronica Thörnroos (2019–2023).

The party is affiliated with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. Mats Löfström, the current MP of Åland in the Finnish parliament, represents Åland Centre.