hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 in Haiti
Events in the year 2023 in Haiti. Haiti still had no president, no parliamentary quorum, and a dysfunctional high court due to a lack of judges, with another news report of violent uprisings across the country, realizing they were sent by the gangs while the other families and neighbors escape from a burning capital Port-au-Prince. The government invoked a martial law across Haiti in an effort to contain gang violence. The police and the military are forced to withdraw from their posts when their bases and police stations throughout Haiti are destroyed by more gangs who had also planted weapons in the area to provoke participation. Haiti is effectively destroyed by violence that no longer controls the island country after its long history of natural disasters and political chaos, more than three million Haitian migrants sailed to Florida in the U.S. as refugees, and black civilians in Haiti are rallying to fight back against gang corruption.

Jovenel Moïse
Jovenel Moïse (French pronunciation: [ʒɔv(ə)nɛl mɔiz]; Haitian Creole pronunciation: [ʒovɛnɛl mɔiz]; 26 June 1968 – 7 July 2021) was a Haitian politician and businessman who served as the 48th president of Haiti from 2017 until his assassination in 2021. He assumed the presidency in February 2017 following his victory in the November 2016 Haitian presidential election.

Moïse's presidency coincided with a period of political instability in Haiti, including civil unrest, gang-related violence, fuel shortages and widespread lawlessness. On 7 July 2021, Moïse was shot and killed in a premeditated targeted attack.
Oribe Peralta
Oribe Peralta Morones (born 12 January 1984) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is an Olympic gold medalist.

Throughout his career, Peralta represented seven clubs in Mexico, but his legacy is most closely linked to his standout spells with Santos Laguna and Club América. At Santos, he was instrumental in capturing two Primera División titles and finished as the club's third-highest scorer of all time. He carried that prolific form into his years with América, where he added two more league championships and firmly cemented his place in Mexican football history.

On the international stage, Peralta earned 68 caps for Mexico over a thirteen-year span. He represented his country at the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cup, as well as the 2012 Summer Olympics, where he played a pivotal role in securing the nation's historic Olympic gold in football.

2014–15 Liga MX season
The 2014–15 Liga MX season  (known as the Liga BBVA Bancomer MX for sponsorship reasons) was the 68th professional top-flight football league season in Mexico. The season was split into two competitions:  the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura; each of identical format and contested by the same eighteen teams.
Rudi Heinz Elten
Rudi Heinz Elten (24 June 1977 – 8 October 2009), nicknamed "Eschli", was a German outlaw biker, gangster and member of the Bandidos Motorcycle Club. Elten was shot dead in Duisburg on 8 October 2009 by Timur Akbulut, a prospective member of the rival Hells Angels Motorcycle Club.

Hells Angels
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in California whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles. In the United States and Canada, the Hells Angels are incorporated as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation. Common nicknames for the club are the "H.A.", "Red & White", and "81". With a membership of over 6,000, and 592 charters in 66 countries, the HAMC is the largest outlaw biker club in the world.

The Hells Angels have a history of involvement in organized crime, such as drug trafficking, and engaging in violent conflict with other outlaw motorcycle clubs. Involvement in organized crime and violence has historically extended to the organization's most senior leadership. Many police and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, the Australian Federal Police, and Europol, consider the club an organized crime syndicate.
Cathode copper
Cathode copper is copper with a purity of 99.99%, and is commonly produced in the form of rectangular copper plates with "ears" for handling. It is mainly produced via two different methods, one starting with copper oxide minerals and one from copper sulfide minerals. Copper sulfides go through a process of comminution and are then typically separated from gangue (and future tailings) by using froth flotation. The resulting copper concentrate is then smelted to produce anode copper which is then electrorefined to obtain cathode copper. Copper oxides are bleached and then processed with solvent extraction and electrowinning.

Cathode copper is used to produce ingots, billets, cakes and wire rods which are then used to produce copper wire.

Ingot
An ingot is a piece of relatively pure material, usually metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing. In steelmaking, it is the first step among semi-finished casting products. Ingots usually require a second procedure of shaping, such as cold/hot working, cutting, or milling to produce a useful final product. Non-metallic and semiconductor materials prepared in bulk form may also be referred to as ingots, particularly when cast by mold based methods. Precious metal ingots can be used as currency (with or without being processed into other shapes), or as a currency reserve, as with gold bars.
Nina Zhivanevskaya
Nina Aleksandrovna Zhivanevskaya (Russian: Нина Александровна Живаневская, born 24 June 1977) is a 5-time Olympic backstroke swimmer from Russia, who has swum for Spain since 1999, following her marriage to a Spaniard (and moving to Spain).

She swam at the 1992 Olympics for the Unified Team, Russia at the 1996 Olympics, and Spain at the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympics. At the 1992 Games, she won a bronze medal in the 4×100 m medley relay, and was the youngest member of the Unified Team swimming squad (18 men and 11 women), with 15 years and 35 days.

She won the bronze medal in the 100 m backstroke a year later at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia.

Zhivanevskaya took part in the 2008 Olympic Games, reaching the semi-finals in the 100 m backstroke.  After this event, she announced she was retiring from the sport so that she could concentrate on her family.

Russia at the 1996 Summer Olympics
The Russian Federation competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA. It was the first time since 1912 that the nation participated separately from the other former countries of the Soviet Union. Russia had been a member of the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics together with 11 post-Soviet states. 390 competitors, 232 men and 158 women, took part in 212 events in 25 sports.
Methyl carbamate
Methyl carbamate (also called methylurethane, or urethylane) is an organic compound and the simplest ester of carbamic acid (H2NCO2H). It is a colourless solid.

Methyl carbamate is prepared by the reaction of methanol and urea:

CO(NH2)2  +  CH3OH   →   CH3OC(O)NH2  +  NH3

It also forms in the reaction of ammonia with methyl chloroformate or dimethyl carbonate.

Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.
External sphincter muscle of male urethra
The external sphincter muscle of the male urethra, also sphincter urethrae membranaceae, sphincter urethrae externus, surrounds the whole length of the membranous urethra, and is enclosed in the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

Its external fibers arise from the junction of the inferior pubic ramus and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm., and from the neighboring fascia.

They arch across the front of the urethra and bulbourethral glands, pass around the urethra, and behind it unite with the muscle of the opposite side, by means of a tendinous raphe.

Its innermost fibers form a continuous circular investment for the membranous urethra.

Pubis
In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone (Latin: os pubis) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone. The pubis is the most forward-facing (ventral and anterior) of the three bones that make up the hip bone. The left and right pubic bones are each made up of three sections; a superior ramus, an inferior ramus, and a body.
Marie-Claire Chevalier
Marie-Claire Chevalier (12 July 1955 – 23 January 2022) was a French abortion rights activist. She was defended in the Bobigny trial by Gisèle Halimi in 1972. The victory in this trial was key for the legalization of abortion in France and the Veil Act.

Abortion in France
Abortion in France is legal upon request until 14 weeks after conception (16 weeks after the pregnant woman's last menstrual period). Abortions at later stages of pregnancy up until birth are allowed if two physicians certify that the abortion will be done to prevent injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman; a risk to the life of the pregnant woman; or that the child will suffer from a particularly severe illness recognized as incurable. The abortion law was liberalized by the Veil Act in 1975.

It is also known as induced abortion or voluntary termination of pregnancy, and refers to the deliberate termination of a pregnancy at the request of a pregnant woman who does not wish to continue the pregnancy.
Gladstone bag
A Gladstone bag is a small portmanteau suitcase built over a rigid frame, which can separate into two equal sections.  Gladstones are typically made of stiff leather and often belted with lanyards. The bags are named after William Gladstone (1809–1898), the four-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Lanyard
A lanyard is a length of cord, webbing, or strap that may serve any of various functions, which include a means of attachment, restraint, retrieval, activation, and deactivation. A lanyard is also a piece of rigging used to secure or lower objects aboard a ship.
1936 Danish Landsting election
Landsting elections were held in Denmark on 22 September 1936, with the exceptions that the electors were elected on 15 September and that the candidates elected by the resigning parliament were elected on 14 August.

The election was a victory for the government parties, the Social Democratic Party and Det Radikale Venstre, and for the first time since 1870 did a Danish government have a majority of the seats in both chambers of parliament.

Of the seven constituencies the seats elected by the resigning parliament and the seats representing constituencies number two (Copenhagen County, Frederiksborg County, Holbæk County, Sorø County, Præstø County and Maribo County), number three (Bornholm County), number five (Vejle County, Aarhus County, Skanderborg County, Ringkøbing County, Ribe County, Aabenraa County, Haderslev County, Sønderborg County and Tønder County) and number seven (the Faroe Islands, which was elected by the Løgting).

Tønder County
Tønder County (Danish: Tønder Amt) is a former province in Denmark, located the south-western part of Southern Jutland. Tønder County was established in 1920 following the reunification of Denmark with South Jutland following the Schleswig Plebiscites. It was dissolved in 1970 when the bulk of the county merged with three other counties to form South Jutland County. Tønder County corresponded geographically to the northern part of the former Prussian Kreis Tondern except for Hviding Herred, which had been part of Kreis Hadersleben. Kreis Tondern had in turn been established in 1867 in order to simplify the intricate administrative structures of the Duchy of Schleswig, and was formed from regions belonging to Ribe County (exclaves of Denmark) and Løgumkloster County (parts of Schleswig).

The southern part of Kreis Tondern remained German and became Kreis Südtondern, with the seat transferred to Niebüll. In 1970, Kreis Südtondern merged into Kreis Nordfriesland.
Sun4d
Sun4d is a computer architecture introduced by
Sun Microsystems in 1992. It is a development of the earlier Sun-4 architecture, using the XDBus system bus,
SuperSPARC processors, and SBus I/O cards. The XDBus
was the result of a collaboration between Sun
and Xerox; its name comes from an earlier Xerox
project, the Xerox Dragon. These were Sun's largest machines to date, and
their first attempt at making a mainframe-class server.

Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe, maxicomputer, or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later, the term mainframe was used to distinguish high-end commercial computers from less powerful machines.
2018 Boyd Tinsley Clay Court Classic – Doubles
Jovana Jakšić and Catalina Pella were the defending champions, but decided not to participate.

Sophie Chang and Alexandra Mueller won the title after defeating Ashley Kratzer and Whitney Osuigwe 3–6, 6–4, [10–7] in the final.

Catalina Pella
Catalina Pella (Spanish pronunciation: [kataˈlina ˈpela]; born 31 January 1993) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. Her brother Guido competes on the ATP World Tour.

In her career, Pella won eleven singles and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 7 November 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 173. On 23 October 2017, she peaked at No. 123 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for Argentina Fed Cup team, Pella has a win–loss record of 13–8.
Twisted: The Game Show
Twisted: The Game Show is a 1993 party video game developed by Studio 3DO and published by Electronic Arts for the 3DO. The game features up to four characters, representing various stereotypical television and commercial personalities, competing in an interactive board game. The goal is to reach the end of the board, while contending with spaces and occasional minigames that can hinder or further progress.

Minigame
A minigame (also spelled mini game and mini-game, sometimes called a subgame or microgame) is a short game often contained within another video game. A minigame contains different gameplay elements  and is often smaller or more simplistic than the game in which it is contained.

Some video games consist entirely of minigames which tie into an overall theme, such as Olympic Decathlon (1980). Minigames can also be used to represent a specific experience, such as hacking and lock picking, both of which are found in Bethesda games, or scanning an area, that ties into a larger game.
57th Venice Biennale
The 57th Venice Biennale was an international contemporary art exhibition held between May and November 2017. The Venice Biennale takes place biennially in Venice, Italy. Artistic director Christine Macel, the chief curator at the Centre Pompidou, curated its central exhibition, "Viva Arte Viva", as a series of interconnected pavilions designed to reflect art's capacity for expanding humanism. The curator also organized a project, "Unpacking My Library", based on a Walter Benjamin essay, to list artists' favorite books. Macel was the first French director since 1995 and the fourth woman to direct the Biennale. A trend of presenting overlooked, rediscovered, or "emerging dead artists" was a theme of the 57th Biennale.

Christine Macel
Christine Macel (born 1969) is a French curator. She was the director of the 2017 Venice Biennale while holding the position of chief curator at the Centre Pompidou from 2000–2022. In 2022 she is nominated Director of the Musée des arts décoratifs and Musée Nissim de Camondo. She is now a scientific and artistic advisor for the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris.
Crawford Art Gallery
The Crawford Art Gallery (Irish: Áiléar Crawford) is a public art gallery and museum in the city of Cork, Ireland. Known informally as the Crawford, it was designated a 'National Cultural Institution' in 2006. It is "dedicated to the visual arts, both historic and contemporary", and welcomed 265,438 visitors in 2019. The gallery is named after William Horatio Crawford.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Hawaii state family court
The Hawaii State family courts are the family courts in the state court system of Hawaii.

They have exclusive jurisdiction over cases involving legal minors, such as juvenile delinquency, status offenses, abuse and neglect, termination of parental rights, adoption, guardianships and detention among others. The family courts also oversee cases of domestic relations involving divorce, child support, and custody matters.

The family courts are not constituted as separate courts with their own judges.  Judges of the circuit courts and district courts sit as family court judges.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
HD 3765
HD 3765 is a single K-type main-sequence star in the constellation of Andromeda, near the Andromeda Galaxy in the sky. Its surface temperature is about 5076 K. HD 3765 has an orange hue and is too faint to be seen with the naked eye, but can be seen with a small telescope. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 7.34. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located 58.4 light-years from the Sun. The object is drifting towards the Sun with a radial velocity of −63.3 km/s.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Yndamiro Restano Díaz
Yndamiro Restano Díaz (born c. 1948) is a Cuban dissident journalist and poet who has won the 1996 Golden Pen of Freedom Award of the World Association of Newspapers and a 1994 International Press Freedom Award from the Committee to Protect Journalists. In 1995, the South Florida Sun-Sentinel described him as "Cuba's leading dissident journalist".

World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers
The World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization made up of 76 national newspaper associations, 12 news agencies, 10 regional press organisations, and many individual newspaper executives in 100 countries. The association was founded in 1948, and, as of 2011, represented more than 18,000 publications globally.

WAN's objectives are to defend and to promote freedom of the press, to support the development of newspaper publishing, and to foster global co-operation. It has provided consultation for UNESCO, the United Nations, and the Council of Europe.

According to WAN, from 2007 to 2011, global newspaper advertising dropped 41% to $76 billion.
Vishnyavyets rural council
Vishnyavecki rural council (Belarusian: Вішнявецкі сельсаветRussian: Вишневецкий сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Stowbtsy district, Minsk region, Belarus. The center is the agrotown of Vishnyavyets.

The population from the 2009 Belarusian census and 2019 Belarusian census was 2,139 and 1,791 respectively.

2009 Belarus census
The 2009 Belarusian census was the second census in Belarus after it became an independent state after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The census was carried out during October 14–24, 2009. The initial results are to be announced by February 1, 2010. Full processing of census data is expected to take about two years.

97% of residents of the country took part in the census.

In 2008, it was announced that the United Nations Commission on Population and Development approved a grant of $800 million to Belarus for this purpose.
Sam Williams (baseball)
Samuel Clarence Williams (October 13, 1922 – August 8, 2007) was an American Negro league pitcher between 1947 and 1952.

A native of Ketona, Alabama, Williams served in the United States Army during World War II. He made his Negro leagues debut in 1947 for the Birmingham Black Barons. Williams got the start in Game 6 of the 1948 Negro American League championship series for Birmingham, and went 8.1 innings in a Birmingham loss. He played with the Black Barons through 1950, played in Mexico in 1951, and returned to the Barons in 1952, but finished the season with the Brandon Greys of the Mandak League. Williams went on to play minor league baseball for the Oklahoma City Indians, Pampa Oilers, Eugene Emeralds and San Jose JoSox through 1956, then played two more seasons in Mexico before retiring. He died in San Jose, California in 2007 at age 84.

San Jose Red Sox
The San Jose Red Sox were a Boston Red Sox affiliate from 1947 to 1955, located in San Jose, California. They competed in the California League and they played at San Jose Municipal Stadium and won league championships in 1949 and 1953. After the end of their Red Sox affiliation, they changed the team name to the San Jose JoSox for two seasons before becoming the San Jose Pirates as a Pittsburgh Pirates affiliate in 1958. They moved to Las Vegas, Nevada on May 26, 1958 to become the Las Vegas Wranglers.

San Jose would return to baseball when the San Jose Bees began operations in 1962.