hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa
The Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made two technical changes, one relating to national election procedures and the other to the membership of the Financial and Fiscal Commission. It was enacted by the Parliament of South Africa, signed by Acting President Thabo Mbeki on 17 March 1999, and came into force two days later. It was signed and came into force simultaneously with the Fourth Amendment; the two amendments were separated because the Fourth involved provincial matters and had to be passed by the National Council of Provinces while the Fifth did not.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
Copenhagen School
The Copenhagen School is a term given to "schools" of theory originating in Copenhagen, Denmark.  In at least four different scientific disciplines a theoretical approach originating in Copenhagen has been so influential that they have been dubbed "the Copenhagen School"

Copenhagen School (quantum physics) — centered on the theories developed by Niels Bohr

Copenhagen School (theology) — centered on a theoretical framework developed by Thomas L. Thompson, Niels Peter Lemche and others. Also called the School of Minimalist Theology. See Biblical minimalism

Copenhagen School (international relations), security studies — centered on ideas by  Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver and Jaap de Wilde.

Copenhagen School (linguistics) — centered on the linguistic theories developed by Louis Hjelmslev, and later formed into the "Copenhagen school of functional linguistics".

Copenhagen School (painting)

Copenhagen School (linguistics)
The Copenhagen School is a group of scholars dedicated to the study of linguistics, centered around Louis Hjelmslev (1899–1965) and the Linguistic Circle of Copenhagen (French: Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague, Danish: Lingvistkredsen), founded by him and Viggo Brøndal (1887–1942).: 160  In the mid-twentieth century, the Copenhagen school was one of the most important centres of linguistic structuralism, together with the Geneva School and the Prague School. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the Copenhagen school's approach to linguistics has evolved from purely structural to functionalist, culminating in Danish functional linguistics—which, despite the "functional" moniker, nonetheless incorporates many insights from the founders of the Linguistic Circle.
Moyne, County Tipperary
52°19′27″N 7°21′51″W﻿ / ﻿52.3242°N 7.3641°W﻿ / 52.3242; -7.3641

Moyne is a civil parish in the barony of Eliogarty in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is one of 21 civil parishes in the barony. It is the easternmost parish of barony located between the parish of Rahelty to the west and the county of Kilkenny to the east. It contains twelve townlands.
According to Lewis' "Topographical Dictionary", in 1837 it contained 224 inhabitants and comprised 7172 statute acres that were valued at £6677 per annum. The Tipperary GAA club of Moyne–Templetuohy GAA is partly based in the parish.

Counties of Ireland
The counties of Ireland (Irish: Contaetha na hÉireann) are historic administrative divisions of the island. They began as Norman structures, and as the powers exercised by the Cambro-Norman barons and the Old English nobility waned over time, new offices of political control were established at a county level. The number of counties varied depending on the time period, however thirty-two is the traditionally accepted and used number.

In 1921, upon the partition of Ireland, six of the traditional counties became part of Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland, counties ceased to be used for local government in 1973. Districts are instead used. In the Republic of Ireland, some counties have been split, resulting in the creation of new counties: there are currently 26 counties, 3 cities and 2 cities and counties that demarcate areas of local government in the Republic.
Psychrolutes microporos
Psychrolutes microporos is a species of deepwater marine fish in the family Psychrolutidae, commonly known as a blobfish or fathead. It is found in the abyssal zone in waters around Australia and New Zealand. A photograph of an individual taken in 2003 has become famous on the internet for its appearance, widely viewed as unsightly.

Psychrolutidae
Psychrolutidae (commonly known as marine sculpins, flathead sculpins, blobfishes,  or tadpole sculpins) is a family of sculpins found in cool temperate waters throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with a few species ranging into cold and deep waters of the Southern Hemisphere. The vast majority are found in marine habitats, but a few range into freshwater habitats. The family reaches its greatest diversity in the North Pacific Ocean, but a few species are found as far south as Antarctica. The family contains over 216 recognized species in 63 genera. Their name is derived from the Greek psychrolouteo, meaning "to have a cold bath".
Beaver Township, Saline County, Arkansas
Beaver Township is a township in Saline County, Arkansas, United States. Its total population was 3,211 as of the 2010 United States census, an increase of 20.22 percent from 2,671 at the 2000 census.

According to the 2010 Census, Beaver Township is located at 34°43′08″N 92°35′15″W﻿ / ﻿34.719002°N 92.587488°W﻿ / 34.719002; -92.587488 (34.719002, -92.587488). It has a total area of 35.367 square miles (91.60 square kilometers), of which 34.850 sq mi (90.26 km2) is land and 0.517 sq mi (1.34 km2) is water (1.46%). As per the USGS National Elevation Dataset, the elevation is 545 feet (166 m).

Avilla and part of the city of Bryant are located within the township.

National Elevation Dataset
The National Elevation Dataset (NED) consists of high precision topography or ground surface elevation data (digital elevation model) for the United States. It was maintained by the USGS and all the data is in the public domain. Since the 3D Elevation Program came online, the NED was subsumed into The National Map as one of its layers of information.
Canton of Liffré
The canton of Liffré is an administrative division of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, in northwestern France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, it was expanded from 8 to 9 communes. Its seat is in Liffré.

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
Javed Kurd
Javed Nadeem Kurd (born 1967) is a Pakistani-Norwegian music producer.

He was born in London to a Pakistani father and a Norwegian mother, but they soon moved to Kristiansand. Kurd took partial education at both the Kristiansand Music Conservatory and the University of Oslo. Since 1997 he has worked as a producer for the Norwegian participants in the Eurovision Song Contest. The only exceptions were in 2002, where Norway was not allowed to participate, and in 2005. For the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation he has worked with the music program Beat for beat, and made the theme music for Sommeråpent, Nytt på nytt and Den store klassefesten. He worked with Ingrid Bjørnov in her television show Piano piano and other aspects of her career since 1997. He has also produced albums for The Monroes, Jahn Teigen and Anita Skorgan. He is married, and lives in Heggedal.

Den store klassefesten
Den store klassefesten (The great class party) is a Norwegian chat show which was shown on NRK1 in 2000, 2001, 2005 and again from 2008. The programme was part of NRK's Saturday night line-up and the presenter was Dan Børge Akerø. Working with him, Akerø had the comedians Øystein Bache and Rune Gokstad who did a lot of the presenting work in the series. The series is regarded as one of NRK's biggest successes of the 2000s and won the prize for best chat show at Gullruten 2002. Previously, Akerø had won the prize for best presenter for the programme at Gullruten 2001.

The series premiered on NRK on 12 February 2000 and was shown on Saturday nights. The series has run for four seasons.
Frederick V. Murphy
Frederick V. Murphy FAIA (February 16, 1879 – May 4, 1958) was an American architect and architectural educator. He was in practice in Washington, D.C. from 1911 to 1954. He was best known for his work for the Catholic church and as the founder and director of the Catholic University School of Architecture and Planning from 1911 to 1949.

Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception
The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic minor basilica and national shrine in Washington D.C. It is the largest Catholic church building in North America and is also the tallest habitable building in Washington, D.C. Its construction of Byzantine and Romanesque Revival architecture began on September 23, 1920.

The basilica is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary as the Immaculate Conception, designated as the principal Patroness accorded by Pope Pius IX on February 7, 1847. Pope Pius XI donated a mosaic rendition of the image in 1923. It serves as the patronal church of the Catholic Church in the United States.

Pope John Paul II raised the National Shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his Pontifical decree Clarum Constat Templum on October 12, 1990. At the shrine,  Pope Benedict XVI bestowed a Golden Rose on April 26, 2008, and Pope Francis canonized Junípero Serra on September 23, 2015.
Ottoman gunpowder magazine of Larissa
The Ottoman gunpowder magazine (Greek: Οθωμανική πυριτιδαποθήκη) is an Ottoman gunpowder magazine in the city of Larissa, Greece.

The building is located on Ioustinianou Street, within the grounds of the 5th Gymnasium–Lyceum. In Ottoman times, the site was close to the Farsala Gate of the city wall, and a military encampment existed there. The gunpowder magazine was built around 1750.

The magazine is an elongated stone building with three arch-roofed halls, one transverse and two vertical to the building axis. In modern times, it was used as a prison cell for the nearby Larissa prison facilities, but today it has been restored by the Municipality of Larissa and the Larissa Ephorate of Antiquities, and houses the National Resistance Museum of Larissa.

Gunpowder magazine
A gunpowder magazine is a building designed to store the explosive gunpowder in wooden barrels for safety. Gunpowder, until largely superseded, was a universal explosive used in the military and for civil engineering: both applications required storage magazines. Most magazines were purely functional and tended to be in remote and secure locations. They are the successor to the earlier powder towers and powder houses.
Agonopterix vendettella
Agonopterix vendettella is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in France and Portugal and on Corsica and the Canary Islands.

The wingspan is 18–21 mm.

The larvae feed on Smyrnium olusatrum.

Smyrnium olusatrum
Smyrnium olusatrum, common name alexanders (or alisander) is an edible  flowering plant of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), which grows on waste ground and in hedges around the Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal regions of Europe. It was formerly widely grown as a pot herb, but is now appreciated mostly by foragers.
Savage (rapper)
Demetrius C. Savelio (born 28 June 1981), better known by his stage name Savage, is a New Zealand hip hop recording artist, record producer and member of hip hop group the Deceptikonz. Savage was the first New Zealand hip hop artist to have a commercial single achieve platinum certification status in the United States. The "International Breakthrough" accolade of the Pacific Music Awards was created in his honour. Savage also has applied his recognisable voice in the electronic dance music space with 5× platinum hit ''Freaks'' with Timmy Trumpet, and 4 times platinum hit ''Swing'' with Joel Fletcher.

Pacific Music Awards
The Pacific Music Awards are an annual New Zealand music award ceremony since 2005 that honours excellence in Pacific music in New Zealand. The awards honour musicians who primarily work in the Pacific Island style of music from the Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tokelau or Tuvalu, and also in urban and gospel genre categories.
Elizabeth Wilson (politician)
Elizabeth Wilson (born February 24, 1964) is an American politician and small business owner who has represented the 73rd district of the Iowa House of Representatives since January 2023, which consists of parts of central Linn County, including most of Marion. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Salisbury Cathedral from Lower Marsh Close
Salisbury Cathedral from Lower Marsh Close is an 1820 landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. It depicts a view of Salisbury Cathedral in the English county of Wiltshire, presenting it from the Lower Marsh Close. 
Salisbury appeared in a number of Constable's paintings. He was connected to the city through his friends and patrons the Bishop of Salisbury and his nephew John Fisher. Today the painting is in the collection of the National Gallery of Art of Washington, having been acquired in 1937.

John Constable
John Constable RA (/ˈkʌnstəbəl, ˈkɒn-/; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, the area on the borderland of Suffolk and north Essex surrounding his home – now known as "Constable Country" – which he invested with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his friend John Fisher in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling".

Constable's most famous paintings include Wivenhoe Park (1816), Dedham Vale (1828) and The Hay Wain (1821). Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful. He was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts at the age of 52. His work was embraced in France, where he sold more than in his native England and inspired the Barbizon school.
Red: Werewolf Hunter
Red: Werewolf Hunter is a 2010 Canadian television horror film directed by Sheldon Wilson, loosely based on the story of Little Red Riding Hood. It is a Syfy television film, produced by Toronto-based Chesler/Perlmutter Productions. It premiered on Syfy on October 30, 2010, and released on DVD on January 3, 2012.

Rosemary Dunsmore
Rosemary Dunsmore (born July 13, 1952) is a Canadian TV, film, and theatre actress, director, and educator. She was awarded a Dora Mavor Moore Award for her 1982 performance in Straight Ahead/Blind Dancers. In 2009 she won the ACTRA Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film The Baby Formula. She has starred in some well-known Canadian productions, including The Campbells, Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel, Road to Avonlea, Mom P.I., Murdoch Mysteries and Orphan Black.
Men's Thai-Boxing at W.A.K.O. European Championships 2006 Skopje -60 kg
The men's lightweight (60 kg/118.8 lbs) Thai-Boxing division at the W.A.K.O. European Championships 2006 in Skopje was the fourth lightest of the male Thai-Boxing tournaments and involved nine fighters.  Each of the matches was three rounds of two minutes each and were fought under Thai-Boxing rules.

As there were not enough men for a tournament fit for sixteen, seven of the fighters received a bye into the quarter-finals.  The tournament gold medallist was Pashik Tatoyan from Russia who defeated Bahtiyar Iskanderzade from Azerbaijan in the final via a unanimous decision victory.  Semi finalists Gor Shavelyan from Russia and Aleksandar Jankovic from Serbia received bronze medals for their efforts.

Unanimous decision
A unanimous decision (UD) is a winning criterion in several full-contact combat sports, such as boxing, kickboxing, Muay Thai, mixed martial arts and other sports involving striking and submission in which all three judges agree on which fighter won the match.

In boxing, each of the three judges keeps score (round by round) of which fighter they feel is winning (and losing). This only includes landed blows to the head or the body. In MMA, judges look for different criteria such as kicks, take-downs, punches, knees, elbows, cage control, submission attempts, and aggression. A decision is not required to be unanimous for a boxer or mixed martial artist to be given a victory. In the modern era of Olympic boxing, UD is utilized more often than other outcomes, including stoppages. Unanimous decision should not be confused with a majority decision or split decision.
Germany's Next Topmodel season 16
The sixteenth season of Germany's Next Topmodel  aired on German television network ProSieben from 4 February to 27 May 2021, under the catch phrase We are GNTM.

The winner of this season was 23-year-old Alex-Mariah Peter from Cologne, who is notably the first trans woman to win Germany's Next Topmodel. Her prizes include:

A cover and spread in the German edition of Harper's Bazaar.

A cash prize worth €100,000.

An Opel Mokka

The following prize have been removed:

A modeling contract with Günther Klum's OneEins GmbH Management worth €140,000.

Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the season was filmed under strict COVID-19 regulations, including travel restrictions, resulting in the sixteenth season being the first and only season filmed entirely in Germany. As a result of these restrictions, a preselection was held instead of open castings, and the first episode started with 31 finalists.

ProSieben
ProSieben (German pronunciation: [pʁoːˈziːbən], sieben is German for "seven"; often stylized as Pro7) is a German free-to-air television network owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media.

It was launched on 1 January 1989. It is Germany's second-largest privately owned television company. Although ProSieben produces some of its programming itself, it also airs many American imports. On 3 May 2012, the network launched a pay-TV channel called ProSieben Fun. A third channel called ProSieben Maxx started broadcasting on 3 September 2013.

The three different feeds of the channel are: ProSieben (for Germany), ProSieben Austria (for Austria), and ProSieben Schweiz (for Switzerland and Liechtenstein). The main difference is that they have different advertisements and news for each target country.

The channel uses an English slogan: "We love to entertain you."

ProSieben broadcasts from the Astra 1P and 1N satellites and is uplinked by MX1 (now part of SES Video).
Simblaspis
Simblaspis is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm fish of the Early Devonian period. The type species Aleosteus eganensis was described in 1958, and was found in Pragian strata of the Qasr Limestone in Saudi Arabia.

It is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, closely related to Aleosteus, as shown in the cladogram below:

Pragian
The Pragian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 413.02 ± 1.91 million years ago to 410.62 ± 1.95 million years ago. It was preceded by the Lochkovian Stage and followed by the Emsian Stage. The most important Lagerstätte of the Pragian is Rhynie chert in Scotland. It is named after the city of Prague. The GSSP is located within the Prague Formation at Velká Chuchle, Prague.

In North America the Pragian Stage is represented by Siegenian or Deerparkian time.
Shu'ubiyya
Shu'ubiyya (Arabic: الشعوبية) was a social, cultural, literary, and political movement within the Muslim world that sought to oppose the privileged status of Arabs and the Arabization of non-Arab civilizations amidst the early Muslim conquests, particularly under the Umayyad Caliphate. The vast majority of the Shu'ubis were Persian. It was first seriously studied by Hungarian scholar Ignaz Goldziher in the first volume of his work Muslim Studies.

Ignác Goldziher
Ignác (Yitzhaq Yehuda) Goldziher (22 June 1850 – 13 November 1921), often credited as Ignaz Goldziher, was a Hungarian scholar of Islam. Alongside Joseph Schacht and G.H.A. Juynboll, he is considered one of the pioneers of modern academic hadith studies.

His most important work is the two-volume Muhammedanische Studien (Muslim Studies), especially its second volume, which addresses questions of the origins, evolution, and development of hadith.
Haukipudas Church
The Haukipudas Church is an evangelical Lutheran church in Haukipudas, Oulu.

The church building was designed by Matti Honka, an Ostrobothnian builder of churches in the 18th century. The church was completed in 1762. Major renovations were carried out in the early 1900s according to plans by architect Viktor J. Sucksdorff. The church has been decorated with wall paintings by Mikael Toppelius in the 1770s–1780s. The bell tower was built for the previous church in 1751.

Haukipudas (district)
Haukipudas is a district of Oulu, Finland. Together with Jokikylä and Martinniemi districts, it forms the Haukipudas area. Haukipudas is located in the river delta of the Kiiminkijoki river. It is bounded by the Bothnian Bay in the west, National road 4 in the east, Martinniemi district in the north and Kello district in the south. The district was established in 2013 when the Haukipudas municipality together with Kiiminki, Oulunsalo and Yli-Ii municipalities were merged with the city of Oulu.
1,1,4,4-Tetraphenylbutadiene
1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutadiene (TPB) is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2C=CHCH=C(C6H5)2.  Other isomers are possible, but the term usually refers to the derivative of butadiene with two phenyl group on each of the terminal carbon atoms  It is a white solid that has attracted some attention as an electroluminescent dye.

The compound was first prepared by double dehydration of the diol.

It glows blue with an emission spectrum peak wavelength at 430 nm, It is useful as a wavelength shifter.

Nanometre
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) or one thousand millionth (long scale) of a metre (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as 1 × 10−9 m and as ⁠1/1000000000⁠ m.