hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1794–95 United States Senate elections
The 1794–95 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1794 and 1795, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

This was the first election cycle with organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition.

State legislature (United States)
In the United States,  the state legislature is the legislative branch in each of the 50 U.S. states.

A legislature generally performs state duties for a state in the same way that the United States Congress performs national duties at the national level. Generally, the same system of checks and balances that exists at the federal level also exists between the state legislature,  the state executive officer (governor) and the state judiciary.

In 27 states, the legislature is called the legislature or the state legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the general assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the general court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the legislative assembly.
Arbor knot
The Arbor knot is a typical fishers' knot. Its primary use is to attach fishing line to the arbor of a fishing reel.

It has also gained popularity (often under the name "Canadian Jam Knot" or nicknamed "bushcraft zip tie") as a general binding knot to tie down a roll of e.g. a sleeping bag, or to begin a lashing.

Fishing line
A fishing line is any flexible, high-tensile cord used in angling to tether and pull in fish, in conjunction with at least one hook. Fishing lines are usually pulled by and stored in a reel, but can also be retrieved by hand, with a fixed attachment to the end of a rod, or via a motorized trolling outrigger.

Fishing lines generally resemble a long, ultra-thin rope, with important attributes including length, thickness, material and build. Other factors relevant to certain fishing practice include breaking strength, knot strength, UV resistance, castability, limpness, stretch, memory, abrasion resistance and visibility.  Traditional fishing lines are made of silk, while most modern lines are made from synthetic polymers such as nylon, polyethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride ("fluorocarbon") and may come in monofilament or braided (multifilament) forms.
Qiuming
Qiuming is a transliteration of multiple Chinese given names. Notable people with these names include:

Bai Qiuming (born 1994), Chinese speed skater

Cheng Qiuming (born 1960), Chinese mathematical geoscientist

Wang Qiuming (born 1993), Chinese professional football player

Zuo Qiuming (556–451 BCE or 502 – 422 BCE), Chinese historian

Cheng Qiuming
Cheng Qiuming (Chinese: 成秋明; born March 1960) is a Chinese mathematical geoscientist. He is a professor and founding director of the State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing). He received the William Christian Krumbein Medal from the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences in 2008 and won the AAG Gold Medal by the international Association of Applied Geochemists in 2020. He was the President of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (2012–2016). He is currently the President of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention) Act, 2013
The Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention) Act, 2013 (Bengali: নির্যাতন এবং হেফাজতে মৃত্যু (নিবারণ) আইন, ২০১৩) is an Act passed by the Jatiya Sangsad in 2013 to prohibit custodial torture in Bangladesh.

The Act stipulates that the Police, Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), Customs, Immigration Department, Criminal Investigation Department (CID), intelligence agencies, Ansar & VDP, Coast Guard, and other public officials are prohibited from extracting confessional statements through torture. The law states any custodian torturing a detainee would be liable of committing offences under the law. It states any person attempting to commit, aiding and abetting to commit, or conspiring to commit an offence must be considered an offender. The law stipulates for any death in custody, the custodian would be awarded with rigorous life imprisonment or a fine of ৳100,000. They must also compensate family members of the affected with ৳200,000.

Rapid Action Battalion
The Rapid Action Battalion (Bengali: র‍্যাপিড অ্যাকশন ব্যাটালিয়ন, romanised: Ryaepid Ækśon Byāṭāliẏan; abbreviated as RAB) is an elite law enforcement force in Bangladesh tasked with combating serious crimes, terrorism, and organised criminal activities. Operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs, RAB is a composite force comprising personnel from the Police, Army, Navy, Air Force, BGB, and Ansar. Since its establishment in 2004, RAB has played a key role in counter-terrorism, anti-drug operations, and high-profile criminal investigations.

The Rapid Action Battalion has faced criticism from human rights groups for their use of extrajudicial killings and alleged involvement in enforced disappearances. It is estimated that between 2004 and 2008, RAB had killed 1,062 people.
Crop Circle 2
Crop Circle 2 is the fourth studio album by English rapper Nines, released on 28 April 2023 by Zino and Warner Records. It features guest appearances from Skrapz, J Styles and Fatz of Ice City Boyz, Wretch 32, M Huncho, Potter Payper, Clavish, Nafe Smallz, Kojey Radical and Tiggs da Author. The album, which shares its name with a 2020 film made by Nines following his 2018 album Crop Circle, was preceded by the lead single "Tony Soprano 2".

Nafe Smallz
Nathan Adams (born 16 July 1996), known professionally as Nafe Smallz, is a British rapper, singer and songwriter from Luton, Bedfordshire. He took the UK trap scene by storm with his song "WDYM" on Link Up TV. He's has since released mixtapes such as Goat World and DNA with rapper M Huncho. He has worked with artists like Chip, Skepta and Lil Tjay.
Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church (Bronx)
The Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is a Roman Catholic parish church under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located three blocks south of Fordham University at the corner of Belmont Avenue and 627 East 187th Street, Fordham, the Bronx, New York City, New York.

Fordham, Bronx
Fordham is a neighborhood located in the western Bronx, New York City. Fordham is roughly bordered by East 196th Street to the north, the Harlem River to the west, Fordham Road to the south, and Southern Boulevard to the east. The neighborhood's primary thoroughfares are Fordham Road and Grand Concourse.

Fordham is located within Bronx Community Board 5 and Bronx Community Board 7, and its ZIP Codes include 10453, 10457, 10458 and 10468. Its main subway line is the IND Concourse Line (B and ​D trains), operating under the Grand Concourse, with the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 train) on its western border.  The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 46th Precinct. New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx. The neighborhood is home to the original, Rose Hill campus of Fordham University.
Francois Kleinhans
Francois Kleinhans is a South African rugby union player for the Pumas in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. He can operate as a flanker or eighthman. He also played for South Africa Under 20 in the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship.

Pumas (Currie Cup)
The Pumas are a South African professional rugby union team that competes in the Premier Division of the Currie Cup. The team draws their players from Mpumalanga Province (formerly known as the South Eastern Transvaal) and plays at the Mbombela Stadium in Mbombela, having previously also played at the Puma Stadium in Witbank.

The Pumas are a well supported team throughout Mpumalanga Province, with large fan bases located in Witbank, Middelburg, Ermelo and Mbombela.
Dawning Star
Dawning Star (abbreviated DS) is a 2005 science fiction role-playing game by Blue Devil Games built on d20 Modern and powered by d20 Future by Wizards of the Coast. It was the first full-scale campaign setting using the d20 Future ruleset. It was published under the Open Game License. A new version using the FATE rules appeared in 2017.

The setting is self-described as "firm science" and is designed to support a number of science-fiction subgenres, including: space Western, 'bug hunt' (like the Alien series of films or Starship Troopers), alien ruin exploration, political intrigue, etc.

Open Game License
The Open Game License (OGL) is a public copyright license by Wizards of the Coast that may be used by tabletop role-playing game developers to grant permission to modify, copy, and redistribute some of the content designed for their games, notably game mechanics.
Aicha Bassarewan
Aicha Binte Umar Bassarewan (Arabic: عائشة بنت عمر باشروان) is an East Timorese politician who was Vice-Minister of Planning and Finance in the National Parliament of East Timor from 2002 to 2007. She is a member of the FRETILIN party.

National Parliament of Timor-Leste
The National Parliament (Tetum: Parlamentu Nasionál, Portuguese: Parlamento Nacional) is the unicameral national legislature in Timor-Leste. It was created in 2001 as the Constituent Assembly while the country was still administered by the United Nations, but renamed itself to the National Parliament with the attaining of national independence on 20 May 2002.
Aleksandr Karatayev
Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Karatayev (Russian: Александр Евгеньевич Каратаев; born 22 November 1973) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. In 2009, he managed an Amateur Football League side FC MITOS Novocherkassk. He made his professional debut in the Soviet First League in 1990 for FC Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don.

He played one game for FC Bayern Munich Amateure in the DFB-Pokal and some league matches for this team.

FC Bayern Munich II
FC Bayern Munich II (FC Bayern Munich Amateure until 2005) are the reserve team of German association football club Bayern Munich, currently playing in the Regionalliga Bayern. In 2010–11, they played in the 3. Liga, having qualified for its inaugural season in 2008, and have consistently played at the third level of German football (the highest permissible level for reserve teams) – they played in the Regionalliga Süd from its formation in 1994 to 2008, when it was usurped by the 3. Liga. They have generally achieved at least mid-table finishes at this level, and won the Regionalliga Süd title in 2004. In 2010–11, Bayern II finished last in the 3. Liga, and were thus relegated to the Regionalliga. They afterwards regained promotion by winning the 2018–19 Regionalliga and won the 3. Liga in 2019–20. The following season, they were relegated from the 3. Liga after an 18th-place finish.
Robert L. Emerson
Robert L. Emerson (born March 23, 1948) is a Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.

He was member of the Michigan Senate having served as the Democratic minority leader. He represented the 27th district in Genesee County, which encompasses the city of Flint.

Genesee County, Michigan
Genesee County (/ˈdʒɛnəsi/ JEN-ə-see) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 406,211, and was estimated to be 402,279 in 2024, making it the fifth-most populous county in Michigan, and the most populous in Mid-Michigan. The county seat and largest city is Flint (birthplace of General Motors). Genesee County consists of 33 cities, townships, and villages. It is considered to be a part of Mid-Michigan.

The county was named after Genesee County, New York, which in turn comes from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "Beautiful Valley". Genesee County comprises the Flint, MI Metropolitan statistical area. A major attraction for visitors is Crossroads Village, a living history village north of Flint.

Genesee County is noted for having had the fossil of an ancient whale known as Balaenoptera Lacepede unearthed in Thetford Township during quarry work and estimated at 11,000 years old.
Åsnen
Åsnen (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈôːsnɛn]) is a large lake in southern Småland, Sweden, roughly 150 km2 in size. The river Mörrumsån flows south from Åsnen into the Baltic Sea. The lake lies south of Alvesta and Växjö and northwest of Tingsryd and is the third-largest lake in Småland, after Vättern and Bolmen. Approximately 19 km2 of the lake's area is occupied by small islands. Åsnen has many small bays and islands, the largest of which is Sirkön. The lake has been designated as a Ramsar site since 1989. The lake is home to Åsnen National Park, established in 2018.

Fruit (mainly apples and strawberries) is grown in the southern parts of the surrounding area, including on Sirkön.

Alvesta
Alvesta (Swedish: [ˈâlːvɛsta] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Alvesta Municipality in Kronoberg County, Sweden, with 8,017 inhabitants in the urban area in 2010.

Alvesta is an important railway junction, joining the Stockholm–Malmö–Copenhagen railway with the Gothenburg–Kalmar/Karlskrona railway.
Sau Lan Wu
Sau Lan Wu (Chinese: 吳秀蘭; born May 11, 1940) is a Chinese-American particle physicist and the Enrico Fermi Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She made important contributions towards the discovery of the J/psi particle, which provided experimental evidence for the existence of the charm quark, and the gluon, the vector boson of the strong force in the Standard Model of physics. Recently, her team located at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), using data collected at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), was part of the international effort in the discovery of a boson consistent with the Higgs boson.

DESY
DESY, short for Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (English: German Electron Synchrotron), is a national research centre for fundamental science located in Hamburg and Zeuthen near Berlin in Germany. It operates particle accelerators used to investigate the structure, dynamics and function of matter, and conducts a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary scientific research in four main areas: particle and high energy physics; photon science; astroparticle physics; and the development, construction and operation of particle accelerators. Its name refers to its first project, an electron synchrotron. DESY is publicly financed by the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal States of Hamburg and Brandenburg and is a member of the Helmholtz Association.
Mattox
Mattox is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bain Mattox, American musician

Bernadette Mattox, American basketball coach

Cloy Mattox (1902–1985), American baseball player

Jim Mattox (1943–2008), American lawyer and politician

Jim Mattox (baseball) (1896–1973), American baseball player

Jon Mattox, American composer

Kenneth Mattox (born c. 1938), American surgeon

Martha Mattox (1879–1933), American actress

Marv Mattox, American football player

Matt Mattox (1922–2013), American jazz and ballet dancer

Ray Mattox (1927–2005), American politician

Bernadette Mattox
Bernadette Locke-Mattox (born December 31, 1958) is a former head coach of the University of Kentucky women's basketball team. While at Kentucky in 1990, she became the first female to serve as assistant coach for a men's NCAA Division I basketball team, when she served under Rick Pitino. She formerly served as an assistant coach with the Connecticut Sun of the WNBA. She formerly played basketball at Roane State Community College.
East Carolina Line
The Seaboard Air Line Railroad's East Carolina Line (H Line) was the unofficial name of their line running from Hamlet, North Carolina through eastern South Carolina to Savannah, Georgia.  Officially designated on Seaboard employee timetables as the Andrews Subdivision from Hamlet to Andrews, South Carolina, and the Charleston Subdivision from Andrews south, the line was known as the East Carolina Line by Seaboard employees due to its location in eastern South Carolina.  With connections to the Seaboard's main line at both ends, the East Carolina Line was frequently used as an alternative freight route for the company.

The line is still in service between Hamlet and Charleston as the Andrews Subdivision today and it is operated by Seaboard successor, CSX Transportation.

Mullins, South Carolina
Mullins is a city in Marion County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Mullins had a population of 4,026.

Incorporated on March 4, 1872, Mullins was named after Col. William S. Mullins, who served as a representative for Marion County in the South Carolina State Legislature from 1852 to 1866.
Malcolm Morris (dermatologist)
Malcolm Alexander Morris (17 August 1849 – 19 February 1924) was an English surgeon who specialised in skin diseases and was the founding president of the British Association of Dermatologists. He was also well known for his role in medical publishing. He studied medicine at St Mary's Hospital.

Following his death, a memorial fund was established to fund an annual lecture on "the preventive aspects of public health and dermatology".

St Mary's Hospital, London
St Mary's Hospital is a teaching hospital in Paddington, in the City of Westminster, London, founded in 1845. Since the UK's first academic health science centre was created in 2008, it has been operated by Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, which also operates Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital and the Western Eye Hospital.

Until 1988 the hospital ran St Mary's Hospital Medical School, part of the federal University of London. In 1988 it merged with Imperial College London, and then with Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School in 1997 to form Imperial College School of Medicine. In 2007 Imperial College became an independent institution when it withdrew from the University of London.
Irvine M. Levine
Irvine M. Levine is an American physician known for discovering Levine-Critchley syndrome in 1960. He described his findings in the journal Neurology in 1964 and again in 1968. Levine served as the chief of neurological research at the VA Hospital in Boston.

Neurology (journal)
Neurology is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in neurology. It is published by Wolters Kluwer on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology, of which it is the official journal. It has been edited since April 2020 by José G. Merino (Georgetown University).
Mixed White and Asian (United Kingdom ethnicity category)
Mixed White and Asian is an ethnic group category that was first introduced by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics for the 2001 Census. Colloquially it refers to British citizens or residents whose parents are of a White (unspecified) ethnic background and Asian (unspecified) ethnic background. This classification is only used in England and Wales, as Scotland and Northern Ireland do not have sub categories for their mixed group options.

They have a total population of 488,225 representing 0.8% of England and Wales, an increase from 341,727 in 2011 and 189,015 in 2001.

Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom
A number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom exist. These schemata have been the subject of debate, including about the nature of ethnicity, how or whether it can be categorised, and the relationship between ethnicity, race, and nationality.
Finding My Way Back Home
"Finding My Way Back Home" is a song written by Chris Stapleton and Craig Wiseman, and recorded American country music artist Lee Ann Womack. It was released as single in August 2006 and was produced by Byron Gallimore. The song would later becoming a charting country single. Despite the single's release, the song did not appear on an official album and Womack would later leave her record label.

Byron Gallimore
Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for his work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Hill's 1999 album Breathe won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single "Breathe" from the album.
Rotselaar
Rotselaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɔtsəlaːr]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish-Brabant, near the convergence of the Demer and the Dijle. Since 1 January 1977 the municipality comprises the towns of Rotselaar proper, Werchter and Wezemaal. On 1 January 2006 Rotselaar had a total population of 15,068. The total area is 37.57 km2 which gives a population density of 401 inhabitants per km2.

Schepen
A schepen (Dutch, pronounced [ˈsxeːpə(n)] ⓘ; pl. schepenen) or échevin (French, pronounced [eʃ(ə)vɛ̃] ⓘ, [ɛʃvɛ̃]) or Schöffe (German, pronounced [ˈʃœfə] ⓘ) is a municipal officer in Belgium and formerly the Netherlands, where it has been replaced by the wethouder (a municipal executive).

In modern Belgium, the schepen or échevin is part of the municipal government. Depending on the context, it may be roughly translated as an alderman, councillor, or magistrate.
1977 US Open – Men's doubles
Tom Okker and Marty Riessen were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Syd Ball and Kim Warwick.

Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan won in the final 6–4, 6–0 against Brian Gottfried and Raúl Ramírez.

Tom Okker
Thomas Samuel Okker (born 22 February 1944), nicknamed "the Flying Dutchman", is a Dutch former tennis player who was active from the mid-1960s until 1980. He won the 1973 French Open Doubles, the 1976 US Open Doubles, and two gold medals at the 1965 Maccabiah Games in Israel. He was ranked among the world's top-ten singles players for seven consecutive years, 1968–74, reaching a career high of world No. 3 in 1974. He also was ranked world No. 1 in doubles in 1979.
Ulban Bay
Ulban Bay (Russian: Ul'bansky Zaliv) is a bay in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk, just south of the Shantar Islands. It is a southern branch of Academy Bay to the north. The Syran and Ulban rivers flow into its head.

Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north. Its northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named for the port of Okhotsk, itself named for the Okhota River.
Claire Moore (cricketer)
Claire Francis Moore (born 28 October 2003) is an Australian cricketer who plays as a right-handed batter for the New South Wales Breakers in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She made her professional debut in the first match of the 2021–22 WBBL season for Sydney Sixers against Melbourne Stars, but did not bat or bowl.

New South Wales Breakers
The New South Wales Women cricket team, also known as the New South Wales Breakers, is the women's representative cricket team for the Australian State of New South Wales. They play most of their home games at North Sydney Oval and they also use Hurstville Oval, Sydney and Blacktown ISP Oval, Sydney. They compete in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL), the premier 50-over women's cricket tournament in Australia, and are by far its most successful team, having won 20 titles. They previously played in the now-defunct Australian Women's Twenty20 Cup and Australian Women's Cricket Championships.