hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nam Cheong Street
Nam Cheong Street (Chinese: 南昌街) is a street in Shek Kip Mei and Sham Shui Po, Sham Shui Po District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It begins in the north at Lung Ping Road and Yan Ping Road in Shek Kip Mei and terminates in the south at Tung Chau Street and Boundary Street in Sham Shui Po. At first, it was known as Nan Chang Street, and later Nanchang Street.

Tong lau
Tong lau or ke lau are tenement buildings built from the late 19th century to the 1960s in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Southern China, and Southeast Asia. Designed for both residential and commercial uses, they are similar in style and function to the shophouses with five-foot way (Min Nan Chinese: têng-á-kha) of Southeast Asia. Over the years, tong lau construction has seen influences of Edwardian-style architecture and later the Bauhaus movement.
Japanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands
Japan evacuated its civilian population and military forces from Karafuto (Sakhalin) and the Chishima (Kuril) islands, to the northwest of the Japanese main islands, in the final months of the Pacific theater of World War II.

Poronaysk
Poronaysk (Russian: Поронайск; Japanese: 敷香町, romanized: Shisuka-chō; Ainu: Sistukari or Sisi Tukari) is a town and the administrative center of Poronaysky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the Poronay River 288 kilometers (179 mi) north of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population:  16,120 (2010 Census); 17,954 (2002 Census); 25,971 (1989 Soviet census).
Frontier High School (New Matamoras, Ohio)
Frontier High School is a public high school in New Matamoras, Ohio, United States. It is the only high school in the Frontier Local School district. It is located along the Ohio River just off of Route 7 between New Matamoras and Newport Ohio. Their colors are Columbia blue and vegas gold, and are known as the Cougars. They are members of the Pioneer Valley Conference and the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference. Frontier was formed in 1968 with the consolidation of Bloomfield, Matamoras, Newport and Lawrence High Schools.

Matamoras, Ohio
Matamoras, also known as New Matamoras, is a village in Washington County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 702 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Marietta micropolitan area.
Ahn, Luxembourg
Ahn (German pronunciation: [aːn] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Ohn) is a wine-growing village in the municipality of Wormeldange in the district and canton of Grevenmacher in the southeastern side of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In 2025, the population is 286

The bottom part of the village lies along the Moselle River on National Route 10. On the Moselle River, from the height of 459 feet (140 meters), the community is spread to the west through the valley of the Donwerbach and up to the height of 656 feet (200 meters).

Besides the National Route, Ahn is also on the road known as the CR142, which leads to Potaschberg through Flaxweiler from Ahn on the National Route 10.

Grevenmacher
Grevenmacher (German pronunciation: [ɡʁeːvn̩ˈmaxɐ]; Luxembourgish: Gréiwemaacher [ɡʀɜɪ̯vəˈmaːχɐ] ⓘ) is a commune with town status in eastern Luxembourg, near the border with Germany. It gives its name to the canton of Grevenmacher, and, until its abolition in 2015, the district of Grevenmacher. The town is situated on the left bank of the river Moselle, in a wine growing region.

As of 2025, the commune of Grevenmacher has a population of 5,276.
Bonamia erecta
Bonamia erecta is a shrub in the family Convolvulaceae.

The shrub typically grows to a height of 0.4 metres (1.3 ft) and produces white-cream flowers.

It is found on sandplains in the Mid West, Goldfields-Esperance, Gascoyne and Pilbara regions of Western Australia where it grows in red sandy soils.

Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae (/kənˌvɒlvjəˈleɪsi.iː, -aɪ/), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several species are edible, the best known of which is the sweet potato.
Tony Chinnery
Tony Chinnery is a builder of historical keyboard instruments, particularly of harpsichords and early fortepianos.  He keeps a workshop not far from Florence in Italy.  The instruments from their workshop, which generally are replicas of particular historical instruments, are widely used by performers and have appeared in many recordings.  They have been played in concert by such performers as Gustav Leonhardt, Kenneth Gilbert, and Ton Koopman.

A number of the instruments can be seen in museums:

A replica of a 1697 harpsichord by Carlo Grimaldi is in the Cleveland Museum of Art (link)

A copy of the 1726 piano by Bartolomeo Cristofori was commissioned by the Museum of Musical Instruments at the University of Leipzig.  (link)

A copy of Cristofori's 1690 oval spinet resides in the Galleria dell'Accademia in Florence.

Gustav Leonhardt
Gustav Maria Leonhardt (30 May 1928 – 16 January 2012) was a Dutch keyboardist, conductor, musicologist, teacher and editor. He was a leading figure in the historically informed performance movement to perform music on period instruments.

Leonhardt professionally played many instruments, including the harpsichord, pipe organ, claviorganum (a combination of harpsichord and organ), clavichord, fortepiano, and piano. He also conducted orchestras and choruses.
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation COVID model
The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation COVID model (IHME model), also called the "Chris Murray model" after the IHME director, is an epidemiological model for COVID-19 pandemic developed at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington in Seattle. In April 2020, the model was called "perhaps the most widely cited coronavirus model" by The Colorado Sun and "America's most influential coronavirus model" by The Washington Post. Its projections were cited during White House briefings in March–April 2020.

Critics say the model uses flawed methods and should not guide U.S. policies. For example, an inappropriate distributional assumption resulted in the model predicting Covid fatalities in New York would certainly fall to zero in New York by late Spring, 2020.

In late April 2020, the IHME published estimates of when states could relax social distancing measures and begin to reopen their economies in relative safety, using data from the model.

The Colorado Sun
The Colorado Sun is an online news outlet based in Denver, Colorado.  It launched on September 10, 2018, to provide long-form, in-depth coverage of news from all around Colorado. It was started with two years of funding from blockchain venture capitalists at Civil and from a Kickstarter campaign. The operation is now funded by reader support, through memberships, and from sponsorship and grant revenue. The Sun is an associate member of the Associated Press.
Annitella
Annitella is a genus of caddisflies belonging to the family Limnephilidae. It was introduced by Czech entomologist František Klapálek in 1907 and named for his wife Anně.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

František Klapálek
František Klapálek (30 or 31 August 1863 – 3 February 1919) was a Czech entomologist. He was particularly interested in the mayflies and other freshwater insect fauna. He was also the first to translate the works of Charles Darwin and Jean-Henri Fabre into Czech. He also published a two-volume "Atlas of Central European Beetles". In 1904 he founded the Czech Society of Entomology (ČSE) and its journal.
Student loan deferment
Student loan deferment is an agreement between the student and lender that the student may reduce or postpone repayment of a student loan for a designated period.  Deferment or forbearance will prevent the loan from going into default, but may increase the overall cost of the loan. Students may be eligible for deferment while experiencing financial hardship or unemployment. The lender may require valid proof of financial hardship and other financial information when the student applies.

Default (finance)
In finance, default is failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan, for example when a home buyer fails to make a mortgage payment, or when a corporation or government fails to pay a bond which has reached maturity. A national or sovereign default is the failure or refusal of a government to repay its national debt.

The biggest private default in history is Lehman Brothers, with over $600 billion when it filed for bankruptcy in 2008 (equivalent to over $860 billion in 2024). The biggest sovereign default is Greece, with $138 billion in March 2012 (equivalent to $197 billion in 2024).
Rob Judson
Rob Judson (born January 13, 1958) is an American men's basketball coach who is currently an assistant coach at Illinois State. He was the head coach at the Northern Illinois University from 2001 to 2007 and held assistant positions at Bradley, Illinois, and Indiana. He played college basketball at the University of Illinois from 1976 to 1980.

Inducted into the Illinois Basketball Coaches Association's Hall of Fame as a player in 1990.
He is the son of Phil Judson and nephew of All-American basketball player Paul Judson and Major League Baseball player Howie Judson.

Bradley Braves men's basketball
The Bradley Braves men's basketball team represents Bradley University, located in Peoria, Illinois, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference. The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena.

Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA tournaments, including two Final Fours and national championship games in 1950 and 1954. They last appeared in the NCAA tournament in 2019 (they qualified for the 2020 tournament which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006. The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 23 times with an all-time NIT record of 27–20 and have won four NIT championships (1957, 1960, 1964, and 1982), second only to St. John's in appearances (30) and titles (5). Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 tournament in 2016, the program was invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament.
Andrea Montanino
Andrea Montanino (born June 28, 1968) is an Italian economist and business executive. He currently serves as Chief Economist and Director for Sectoral Strategies and Impact Assessment at Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (CDP), Italy’s national promotional institution. He is also Chairman of the Board of the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT).

He has formerly held the positions of Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), representing the governments of Italy, Albania, Greece, Malta, Portugal, and San Marino, Director General at the Italian Treasury, and Chairman of the private equity Fondo Italiano di Investimento.

Cassa Depositi e Prestiti
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti S.p.A., also known as CDP S.p.A., is a prominent Italian public development bank founded on November 20, 1850, in Turin. Its original duty was to finance public works like roads and waterworks during the reign of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, King of Sardinia-Piedmont.

CDP is the major Italian  institution for economic development through long-term investments at local, regional and national level and acts as the government's arm for executing public policy mandates.

It is among the founders (with Caisse des Dépots, KfW and European Investment Bank) of the D20 Long-Term Investors Club (D20-LTIC), a group that gathers 18 major financial institutions and institutional investors from all over the world, mainly from G20 countries, and a member of the European Long Term Investors (ELTI), an association that brings together the main european national promotional banks.
Saint-Mammès
Saint-Mammès (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ mamɛ]) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France, in the metropolitan area of Paris. It is located 61 kilometres (38 mi) south-southeast of the centre of Paris, at the confluence of the Seine and Loing rivers. The Seine borders the northern boundaries of the city, while the Loing borders on the west.

Functional area
An aire d'attraction d'une ville (or AAV, literally meaning "catchment area of a city") is a statistical area used by France's national statistics office INSEE since 2020, officially translated as functional area in English by INSEE, which consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and the surrounding exurbs, towns and intervening rural areas that are socioeconomically tied to the central urban agglomeration, as measured by commuting patterns. INSEE's functional area (AAV) is therefore akin to what is most often called metropolitan area in English.
Dunk Star
Dunk Star is an unreleased 1991 basketball arcade video game that was in development and planned to be published by Sammy for the arcade Neo Geo MVS and Neo Geo AES home console. Had it been launched before Street Slam, it would have become the first basketball title for the Neo Geo platforms.

Featuring arcade-style gameplay, players compete with either AI-controlled opponents or against other players in versus matches on the game. Although previewed across a few video game magazines, in addition to being showcased to attendees at various trade shows, Dunk Star was ultimately shelved for unknown reasons.

Artificial intelligence in video games
Artificial intelligence (AI) in video games refers to the computational systems that control non-player characters (NPCs), generate dynamic game behavior, or simulate strategic decision-making. In practice, the term covers a broad range of techniques drawn from computer science, control theory, and robotics rather than “true” artificial intelligence. Moreover, academic AI—aimed at developing autonomous reasoning or learning—is distinct from game AI, whose goal is to deliver engaging, believable, and efficient behavior for players.

In general, game AI does not, as might be thought and sometimes is depicted to be the case, mean a realization of an artificial person corresponding to an NPC in the manner of the Turing test or an artificial general intelligence.
Zhang Yuheng
Zhang Yuheng is a Chinese researcher, physicist, and fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He specializes in condensed matter physics, and his research focuses on low-dimensional physics, spintronics, and superconductivity.

He founded the Yuheng Zhang equation, a law in condensed matter.

Spintronics
Spintronics (a portmanteau of spin transport electronics), also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. The field of spintronics concerns spin-charge coupling in metallic systems. The analogous effects in insulators fall into the field of multiferroics.

Spintronics fundamentally differs from traditional electronics in that, in addition to charge state, electron spins are used as a further degree of freedom, with implications in the efficiency of data storage and transfer. Spintronic systems are most often realised in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and Heusler alloys and are of particular interest in the field of quantum computing, such as atomtronics computation.
Boreray Blackface
The Boreray Blackface, also Hebridean Blackface or Boreray,: 274  is a rare Scottish breed of sheep originating on the St Kilda archipelago off the west coast of Scotland and surviving as a feral animal on one of the islands, Boreray. It was once reared for meat and wool, but is now used mainly for conservation grazing. It falls within the Northern European short-tailed group of breeds.: 1276

It is an endangered breed, and in 2025 was classified by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust as "priority", the second level of concern of the trust. It is one of eight rare British breeds registered in the Combined Flock Book, a herd-book established in 1974; the others are the Castlemilk Moorit, the Manx Loaghtan, the Norfolk Horn, the North Ronaldsay, the Portland, the Soay and the Whitefaced Woodland.: 733

Rare breed
In modern agriculture, a rare breed is a breed of poultry or livestock that has a very small breeding population, usually from a few hundred to a few thousand. Because of their small numbers, rare breeds may have a threatened conservation status, and they may be protected under regional laws. Many countries have organizations devoted to the protection and promotion of rare breeds, for which they each have their own definition. In botany and horticulture, the parallel to rare animal breeds are heirloom plants, which are rare cultivars.
Oroszlány
Oroszlány (German: Ohreslahn) is a city in Hungary, Komárom-Esztergom county, Central Transdanubia region, located on the north-west flanks of the Vértes Mountains. The city has a population of 20.487. The main tourist attraction of the town is the 18th-century Camaldolese monastery of Majk.

Central Transdanubia
Central Transdanubia (Hungarian: Közép-Dunántúl ['køzeːp 'dunaːntuːl]) is a statistical (NUTS 2) region of Hungary. The capital is Székesfehérvár. It is part of Transdanubia (NUTS 1) region. Central Transdanubia includes counties of Fejér, Komárom-Esztergom, and Veszprém.
Donnington Castle
Donnington Castle is a ruined medieval castle, situated in the small village of Donnington, just north of the town of Newbury in the English county of Berkshire. It was founded by Sir Richard Abberbury the Elder in 1386 and was bought by Thomas Chaucer before the castle was taken under royal control during the Tudor period. During the First English Civil War the castle was held by the royalist Sir John Boys and withstood an 18-month siege; after the garrison eventually surrendered, Parliament voted to demolish Donnington Castle in 1646. Only the gatehouse survives. The site is a scheduled monument under the care of English Heritage.

Slighting
Slighting is the deliberate damage of high-status buildings to reduce their value as military, administrative, or social structures. This destruction of property is sometimes extended to the contents of buildings and the surrounding landscape. It is a phenomenon with complex motivations and was often used as a tool of control. Slighting spanned cultures and periods, with especially well-known examples from the English Civil War in the 17th century.
Outline of the Republic of the Congo
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Republic of the Congo:

Republic of the Congo – also known as  Congo-Brazzaville or the Congo, is a sovereign country located in Central Africa.  It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.

The republic is a former French colony.  Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. After a quarter century of Marxism, Congo became a multi-party democracy in 1992. However, a brief civil war in 1997 ended in the restoration of former Marxist President Denis Sassou Nguesso to power.

Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.
Red: Werewolf Hunter
Red: Werewolf Hunter is a 2010 Canadian television horror film directed by Sheldon Wilson, loosely based on the story of Little Red Riding Hood. It is a Syfy television film, produced by Toronto-based Chesler/Perlmutter Productions. It premiered on Syfy on October 30, 2010, and released on DVD on January 3, 2012.

Felicia Day
Kathryn Felicia Day (born June 28, 1979) is an American actress, singer, writer, and web series creator. She is the creator and star of the web series The Guild (2007–2013), a show loosely based on her life as a gamer. She also wrote and starred in the Dragon Age web series Dragon Age: Redemption (2011). She is a founder of the online media company Geek & Sundry, best known for hosting the show Critical Role between 2015 and 2019. Day was a member of the board of directors of the International Academy of Web Television from December 2009 until August 2012.

On television, Day has played Vi in the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2003) and Dr. Holly Marten in Eureka (2011), and had a recurring role as Charlie Bradbury on Supernatural (2012–2015, 2018–2020). She has also acted in films such as Bring It On Again (2004), as well as the Internet musical Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008). In April 2017, she began appearing as Kinga Forrester in Mystery Science Theater 3000.
The Redward Edward Papers
The Redward Edward Papers is a collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories, written by American author Avram Davidson and edited by Michael Kurland. It was first published in hardcover by Doubleday in July 1978. An ebook edition was issued by Gateway/Orion in August 2013. The collection has been translated into French.

Short story collection
A short story collection is a book of short stories and/or novellas by a single author. A short story collection is distinguished from an anthology of fiction, which would contain work by several authors (e.g., Les Soirées de Médan). The stories in a collection may or may not share a tone, theme, setting, or characters with one another.
Riley oxidation
The Riley oxidation is a selenium dioxide-mediated oxidation of methylene groups adjacent to carbonyls. It was first reported by Harry Lister Riley and co-workers in 1932. In the decade that ensued, selenium-mediated oxidation rapidly expanded in use, and in 1939, Andre Guillemonat and co-workers disclosed the selenium dioxide-mediated oxidation of olefins at the allylic position.  Today, selenium-dioxide-mediated oxidation of methylene groups to alpha ketones and at the allylic position of olefins is known as the Riley Oxidation.

Carbonyl group
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.

The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl).

The remainder of this article concerns itself with the organic chemistry definition of carbonyl, such that carbon and oxygen share a double bond.