hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
19 Kislev
The 19 Kislev (Hebrew: י"ט כסלו) refers to the 19th day of the Jewish month of Kislev.

The date is celebrated by Hasidic Jews as the Yom Hillula (anniversary of death) of the Maggid of Mezritch, successor of the Baal Shem Tov (the founder of Hasidism), who died on this date in 1772, and more significantly within the Chabad movement, as the date of the liberation of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi from prison (1798).

Yom hillula
A Yom Hillula (Hebrew: יום הילולא, day of festivity) is another word for yahrzeit or "death anniversary". However, it differs from a regular yahrzeit in two respects. It refers specifically to the yahrzeit of a great tzaddik "saint", and unlike a regular yahrzeit, which is marked with sadness or even fasting, a Yom Hillula is commemorated specifically through simcha "joy" and festive celebration.

The yom hillula is most often used in Hasidic Judaism to refer to the day of the death of rebbes (influential leaders), and also for historical thinkers and teachers of Kabbalah or Hasidic philosophy.

The observation of hilluloth for North African ascetic or mystical saints in Maghrebi Jewish communities is widespread, especially in Morocco, with the Hiloula of Rabbi Isaac Ben Walid and the Hiloula of Rabbi Haim Pinto among them, as well as the Baba Sali in the Israeli town of Netivot.
International Association of Financial Executives Institutes
The International Association of Financial Executives Institutes (IAFEI) is the premier global society of financial executives. Founded in 1969, it connects financial executives around the world with a global membership of more than 15,000 senior level finance executives, mainly chief financial officers across 18 national institutes. It is an international, non-profit and non-political professional association domiciled in Switzerland with its secretariat in the Philippines (Makati).

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Margrit Schiller
Margrit Schiller (born March 1948) is a German far-left activist formerly associated with the Socialist Patients' Collective (SPK) and then the Red Army Faction (RAF). She was released from prison in 1979 and has written two autobiographical books.

Far-left politics
Far-left politics are politics further to the left on the political spectrum than the standard political left. In certain instances, far-left has been associated with various forms of authoritarianism, anarchism, communism, and Marxism, or are characterised as groups that advocate for revolutionary socialism and related communist ideologies, or anti-capitalism and anti-globalisation. Far-left terrorism consists of extremist, militant, or insurgent groups that attempt to realise their ideals through political violence rather than using democratic processes.
Jan Fredrik Wiborg
Jan Fredrik Wiborg (9 October 1944 – 21 June 1994) was a Norwegian civil engineer.

During the early 1990s, he criticised plans for building Oslo's new airport at Gardermoen. The Parliament of Norway had originally decided to build the new airport at Hurumlandet, but weather surveys claimed this location would only be operable 80% of the time. Wiborg claimed the information was falsified and that parliament were deliberately misled by government officials.

Wiborg died on 21 June 1994 after falling from a hotel window in Copenhagen, and crucial documents about the case disappeared. . Circumstances about his death was never fully cleared, Journalists from the newspaper Aftenposten were awarded the prestigious SKUP prize in 1999 for their investigation of the case.

In 2000 the parliamentary Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs held a public hearing about the alleged foul play during the airport planning process. An official report was released in 2001.

SKUP Award
The SKUP Award (Norwegian: SKUP-prisen) is a Norwegian journalism award. It has been awarded annually since 1990 by the Norwegian Foundation for Investigative Journalism (Norwegian: Stiftelsen for en kritisk og undersøkende presse; SKUP).

The award is a cube designed by Norwegian craftsman and goldsmith Synnøve Korssjøen, along with prize money.
Azaperone
Azaperone is a pyridinylpiperazine and butyrophenone neuroleptic drug with sedative and antiemetic effects, which is used mainly as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine. It is uncommonly used in humans as an antipsychotic drug.

Azaperone acts primarily as a dopamine antagonist but also has some antihistaminic and anticholinergic properties as seen with similar drugs such as haloperidol. Azaperone may cause hypotension and while it has minimal effects on respiration in pigs, high doses in humans can cause respiratory depression.

Butyrophenone
Butyrophenone is an organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)C3H7.  It is a colorless liquid.

The butyrophenone structure—a ketone flanked by a phenyl ring and a propyl chain—forms the basis for many other chemicals containing various substituents. Some of these butyrophenones are used to treat various psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, as well as acting as antiemetics.

Examples of butyrophenone-derived pharmaceuticals include:

Benperidol‡ (200 times more potent than chlorpromazine)

Bromperidol†

Droperidol‡, Antiemetic for postoperative nausea and vomiting

Haloperidol, the most widely used classical antipsychotic drug in this class

Lumateperone, an atypical antipsychotic used for schizophrenia and bipolar depression

Moperone (discontinued)†

Pipamperone (discontinued)†

Timiperone†

Lenperone

Melperone
Syd Lawrence
Syd Lawrence (26 June 1923 – 5 May 1998) was a British bandleader, who became famous in the UK for his orchestra's Big Band sound, which drew on the 1940s style of music of Glenn Miller and Count Basie amongst others.

Bandleader
A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a dance band, rock or pop band or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.
Cross-country skiing at the 1968 Winter Olympics – Women's 5 kilometre
The Women's 5 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing programme at the 1968 Winter Olympics, in Grenoble, France. It was the second appearance of the event. The competition was held on 13 February 1968, at Autrans.

Autrans
Autrans (French pronunciation: [otʁɑ̃]) is a former commune in the Isère department in the Rhône-Alpes region of south-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors.

At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, it hosted the biathlon, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and the ski jumping normal hill events.

The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
Tom Williams (Negro leagues pitcher)
Thomas Williams (September 9, 1896 – January 19, 1937) was a Negro leagues pitcher for several years before the founding of the first Negro National League and in its first few seasons.

Williams attended Morris Brown College.

In 1917, 21 year-old Williams registered for the WWI draft. He listed his occupation as a "Professional Base Ball" Player for Rube Foster. He also listed his home address as 3664 Wabash Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, and was listed as married and his wife a dependent.

In 1918, while playing for the Hilldale Club, Williams was drafted into the Army in Class 1-A.

He died in Bremen, Illinois in 1937 and was buried at Restvale Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois.

Selective Service Act of 1917
The Selective Service Act of 1917 or Selective Draft Act (Pub. L. 65–12, 40 Stat. 76, enacted May 18, 1917) authorized the United States federal government to raise a national army for service in World War I through conscription. It was envisioned in December 1916 and brought to President Woodrow Wilson's attention shortly after the break in relations with Germany in February 1917. The Act itself was drafted by then-Captain (later Brigadier General) Hugh S. Johnson after the United States entered World War I by declaring war on Germany. The Act was canceled with the end of the war on November 11, 1918. The Act was upheld as constitutional by the United States Supreme Court in 1918.
Victor Simunja
Victor Simunja (born 23 March 1958) is a Namibian politician. A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Simunja was appointed to the National Assembly of Namibia in 2000 and served as Deputy Minister of Defense from 2000 to 2009. Simunja rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Namibian Defence Force prior to entering political office. He is a member of the Mafwe ethnic group, indigenous to the Caprivi Strip.

Zambezi Region
The Zambezi Region, known as the Caprivi Region until 2013, is one of Namibia's fourteen regions, situated in the north-eastern part of the country along the Zambezi River. Located entirely in the Caprivi Strip, the region's capital is Katima Mulilo. The Katima Mulilo Airport is 18 kilometres south-west of the town, while the village of Bukalo is located 43 kilometres south-east of Katima Mulilo. The region has eight electoral constituencies and a population of 142,373 according to the 2023 census.
Linda de Suza
Teolinda Joaquina de Sousa Lança (European Portuguese pronunciation: [tjuˈlĩdɐ ʒwɐˈkinɐ ðɨ ˈsozɐ ˈlɐ̃sɐ]; 22 February 1948 – 28 December 2022), better known as Linda de Suza, was a Portuguese Lusophone and Francophone singer and best-selling author. She was described by Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa as "a French icon of Portuguese migration".

Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa GColTE GCIH ComSE (born 12 December 1948) is a Portuguese politician and academic who has been the president of Portugal since 2016. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, though he suspended his party membership for the duration of his presidency. Rebelo de Sousa has previously served as a government minister, parliamentarian in the Assembly of the Republic, legal scholar, journalist, political analyst, law professor, and pundit.
Jean Duvernoy
Jean Duvernoy (1 January 1917 – 19 August 2010, Saint-Jean de Luz) was a French medievalist who specialized in the history of the Cathars. He was born in 1917 in Bourgoin to a Protestant family.

A doctor of law and a graduate in literature, he was elected maintainer of the Toulouse Floral Games Academy in 1989.

He began to study the Waldensians and later Catharism. He edited and translated to French a great number of sources originally written in Latin. These include Jacques Fournier's inquisition register, from which the French historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie extracted Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error.

Saint-Jean-de-Luz
Saint-Jean-de-Luz (French: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ d(ə) lyz]; Basque: Donibane Lohitzune, locally Donibane Lohizune [doniˈβane lohiˈs̻une]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, southwestern France.
Saint-Jean-de-Luz is part of the former Basque province of Labourd (Lapurdi).
Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's standing high jump
The men's standing high jump was a track and field athletics event held as part of the athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth and final appearance of the event. The competition was held on Saturday, July 13, 1912.

Ray Ewry, who was the three-time defending champion in the event, did not compete in 1912. The silver medalist from 1908, Konstantinos Tsiklitiras, took bronze. Platt Adams, the fifth-place finisher four years earlier, won the event. Benjamin Adams finished second. It was the second time in Olympic history that brothers had finished first and second in an event, after the Paine brothers in the 1896 military pistol shooting event. Each of the three standing high jump medalists also medaled in the standing long jump, though in a different order.

Seventeen high jumpers from nine nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.

Ben Adams (track and field)
Benjamin Willard Adams (March 31, 1890 – March 14, 1961) was an American athlete who competed mainly in the standing jumps. At the 1912 Summer Olympics, he won a silver medal in the standing high jump and a bronze in the standing long jump, while his elder brother Platt Adams won a gold and a silver, respectively. Ben also competed in the exhibition baseball tournament for Sweden.
Divaricatic acid
Divaricatic acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C21H24O7.  It is found in a variety of lichens, including some in the genera Evernia, Lepraria, and Ramalina. It is classified as a depside.

Divaricatic acid forms colorless crystalline needles with a melting point of 129 °C.

Divaricatic acid has antibacterial properties against some Gram positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecium. Since it also has activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a potency equivalent to that of vancomycin, it has been suggested as a potential treatment for MRSA. It also has molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata (ram's horn snail) and antiparasitic activity against cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni (blood fluke).

Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, gamma-hemolytic or non-hemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. It can be commensal (innocuous, coexisting organism) in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, but it may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis or endocarditis.

Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is often referred to as VRE.
Richard P. Rice
Richard Pigeon Rice (before 1846 – after 1897) was a merchant and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Twillingate and Fogo in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1878 to 1885.

He was a merchant at Twillingate. Rice was reelected in 1882 but fell out with William Whiteway over The Harbour Grace Affray of 1883, a confrontation between members of the Orange Order and Roman Catholics. He supported the Reform party being formed by Robert Thorburn and did not run for reelection in 1885. Rice served as magistrate of Greenspond from 1886 to 1897.

Twillingate
Twillingate is a town of 2,121 people located on the Twillingate Islands ("Toulinquet") in Notre Dame Bay, off the north eastern shore of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The town is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Lewisporte and Gander.

Incorporated on September 30, 1965, the town of Twillingate also incorporates smaller former localities such as Back Harbour, Bayview, Durrell, Gillard's Cove, Jenkins Cove, Manuel's Cove, and Wild Cove. The Twillingate Islands provide an excellent sheltered harbour and easy access to the rich fishing grounds nearby. Twillingate Island is connected to mainland Newfoundland via the Walter B. Elliott causeway as part of Route 340. The town is also one of the oldest ports on the island. It was a historic fishing community, but due to the collapse of the cod fishing industry, its economy now relies more on tourism.
Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals
The Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals are a series of exhibition halls at the American Museum of Natural History on the Upper West Side in Manhattan, New York City. The halls opened on June 12, 2021, as a complete redesign of their predecessors, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Hall of Gems and Minerals and Morgan Memorial Hall of Gems. The halls feature thousands of rare gems, mineral specimens and pieces of jewelry.

Asterism (gemology)
An asterism (from Ancient Greek  ἀστήρ (astḗr) 'star' and  -ism) is a star-shaped concentration of light reflected or refracted from a gemstone. It can appear when a suitable stone is cut en cabochon (i.e. shaped and polished, not faceted).

A gemstone that exhibits this effect is called a star stone or asteria. The best known is star sapphire, but many other minerals can also be asteria, usually due to impurities in the crystal structure.
Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands
The Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1009) covers hills and mountains in central and eastern Iran. The habitat is wetter and cooler than the surrounding desert of the Iranian Plateau, supporting the vulnerable goitered gazelle and small populations of the cheetah. The ecoregion is under conservation threat from overgrazing and conversion of steep slopes to cultivation.

Overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature reserves. It can also be caused by immobile, travel restricted populations of native or non-native wild animals.

Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion. Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread of invasive species of non-native plants and of weeds. Degrading land, emissions from animal agriculture and reducing the biomass in a ecosystem contribute directly to climate change between grazing events.
Maa Khadgeshwari Kali Mandir
Maa Khadgeshwari Kali Mandir is a Hindu temple dedicated to Goddess Kali. It is a part of Hindu pilgrimage and located in Araria, in Araria district of Bihar, India.

The temple is visited by Hindus from Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and neighboring country Nepal with the hope that Maa Kali will fulfill their wishes.

Special prayers are held every Tuesday and Saturday wherein "Kheer" or "Khichdi" is offered to Kali maa as prasad by her devotees and is distributed among all.

The height of the temple 152 feet (46 m), which makes it tallest Kali temple of the world.

The main temple along with Lord Shiva is situated in the same premises.

Kheer
Kheer, khir, payesh, fenni or payasam is a pudding or porridge (specifically rice pudding) popular in the Indian subcontinent, usually made by boiling milk, sugar or jaggery, and rice. It can be additionally flavoured with dried fruits, nuts, cardamom and saffron. Instead of rice, it may contain cracked wheat, vermicelli (sevai), sago or tapioca (sabudana).

In Northern India, it is made in various ways. The most popular versions are the ones made with rice and vermicelli (semiya). In Nepal, it tends to be thicker and uses fewer ingredients.
Caenides dacela
Caenides dacela, commonly known as the common recluse, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found within the geographical range that stretches from the Basse Casamance in Senegal to Uganda and Kenya, but generally does not penetrate much south of the Equator (mainly to Gabon and upper Kasai).

The larvae feed on Raphia and Phoenix species (including Phoenix dactylifera).

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Deputy Clerk of the Closet
Christianity portal

The Deputy Clerk of the Closet is the Domestic Chaplain to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. The office was created in 1677. Since 1931, the Deputy Clerk is also the sub-dean of the Chapel Royal (under the Clerk of the Closet). The Deputy Clerk is the only full-time clerical member of the Ecclesiastical Household of the Monarch of the United Kingdom.

From 1746 until 1903 there were three Deputy Clerks. By 1923 there was only one.

Bishop of Oxford
The Bishop of Oxford is the diocesan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Oxford in the Province of Canterbury; his seat is at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. The current bishop is Steven Croft, following the confirmation of his election to the See on 6 July 2016.

The Bishop of Oxford has authority throughout the diocese, but also has primary responsibility for the city and suburbs of Oxford, which form the Archdeaconry of Oxford.

From 1636 the Bishop was housed in the purpose-built Cuddesdon Palace.
The Stars Are Singing
The Stars Are Singing is a 1953 Paramount Pictures musical directed by Norman Taurog and starring Rosemary Clooney, Anna Maria Alberghetti, and Lauritz Melchior. Clooney performs her hit song "Come On-a My House" and Danish tenor Lauritz Melchior sings "Vesti la giubba" from Leoncavallo's opera Pagliacci in this Technicolor production.

Ruggero Leoncavallo
Ruggero (or Ruggiero) Leoncavallo (23 April 1857 – 9 August 1919) was an Italian opera composer and librettist. Throughout his career, Leoncavallo produced numerous operas and songs, but it is his 1892 opera Pagliacci that remained his lasting contribution, despite attempts to escape the shadow of his greatest success.

Today Pagliacci continues to be his most famous opera and one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the operatic repertory. His other notable compositions include the song "Mattinata", popularized by Enrico Caruso, and, to a lesser extent, his version of La bohème which, however, was overshadowed by Puccini's highly successful opera of the same name.
Frobenius
Frobenius is a latinized surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

the Frobenius Family

Georg Ludwig Frobenius (1566–1645), German publisher

Johannes Frobenius (1460–1527), Swiss publisher and printer in Basel

Hieronymus Frobenius (1501–1563), Swiss publisher and printer in Basel, son of Johannes

Ambrosius Frobenius (1537–1602), Swiss publisher and printer in Basel, son of Hieronymus

Others

August Sigmund Frobenius (died 1741), German chemist

Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (1849–1917), German mathematician
List of things named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius

Leo Frobenius (1873–1938), German ethnographer

Nikolaj Frobenius (born 1965), Norwegian writer and screenwriter

Hieronymus Froben
Hieronymus Froben (1501–1563) was a famous pioneering printer in Basel and the eldest son of Johann Froben. He was educated at the University of Basel and traveled widely in Europe.

He, his father and his brother-in-law Nicolaus Episcopius were noted for their working friendship with Erasmus and for making Basel an important center of Renaissance printing. He published hundreds of works written by Erasmus. He also published the first Latin edition of Georgius Agricola's De Re Metallica in 1556, and some of them incorporate artwork by Hans Holbein the Younger. Through his own sons, Ambrosius and Aurelius, the family continued their printing concern through the end of the next century.