hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ministry of National Defense (Taiwan)
The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China (MND; Chinese: 中華民國國防部; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guófángbù) is the ministry of the Republic of China (ROC), which is now based primarily in the Taiwan Area but formerly governed Mainland China prior to 1949. It is responsible for all defense and military affairs of Taiwan and surrounding area. The MND has been headed by Minister Wellington Koo since 2024.

Zhang Jinghui
Zhang Jinghui (traditional Chinese: 張景惠; simplified Chinese: 张景惠; pinyin: Zhāng Jǐnghuì; Wade–Giles: Chang1 Ching3-hui4; Hepburn: Chō Keikei; 21 June 1871 – 11 January 1959) was a Chinese general, warlord and politician during the Warlord era. He is noted for his role in the Japanese puppet regime of Manchukuo in which he served as Prime Minister for most of its existence.
Draigwenia
Draigwenia (meaning "white dragon" from the Welsh ddraig wen, referring to a dragon associated with the Anglo-Saxons) is an extinct genus of pterosaur known from a jaw fragment found in the Late Cretaceous Cambridge Greensand in the United Kingdom. The fossil was likely reworked from an Early Cretaceous layer that can be dated to the Albian. It currently contains a single species, Draigwenia platystomus.

Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.
Liucheng
Liucheng can refer to many places in China:

Liucheng County (柳城县), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Liucheng, Xinjiang (柳城), Xinjiang Province, which was also known as Lukchak

Chaoyang, Liaoning (朝阳市), Liaoning Province, which was called Liucheng (柳城) in the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history

Liuchengzhen (柳城镇), Dongyuan County, Guangdong Province

Liucheng County
Liucheng County (simplified Chinese: 柳城县; traditional Chinese: 柳城縣; pinyin: Liǔchéng Xiàn; Standard Zhuang: Liujcwngz Yen) is under the administration of Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It covers a land area of 2,109.78 square kilometres (814.59 sq mi) and had a permanent population of 353,796 as of 2010. Located north of Liuzhou's city proper, it borders the prefecture-level city of Hechi to the west.
Fedor Belyakov
Fedor Igorevich Belyakov (Russian: Федор Игоревич Беляков; born April 10, 1993) a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays with HC Yugra organization of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

All-Russian Hockey League
The All-Russian Hockey League (VHL) (Russian: Всероссийская хоккейная лига (ВХЛ), Vserossiyskaya hokkeinaya liga (VHL)), also known as the Supreme Hockey League, Major Hockey League or Higher Hockey League (HHL) (Russian: Высшая хоккейная лига, Vysshaya hokkeinaya liga), is a professional ice hockey league in Eurasia, and the second highest level of Russian hockey.

As the Kontinental Hockey League, the top tier of Russian ice hockey, is independent from the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia, the VHL's champion is also declared the Champion of Russia.
Badisches Landesmuseum
The Baden State Museum (German: Badisches Landesmuseum) in Karlsruhe is the large cultural, art and regional history museum of the Baden region of  Baden-Württemberg . With its globally significant collections, representing more than 50,000 years of international cultural history, it conveys history and historical living environments. Its collections range from prehistory and early history to the Middle Ages and the 21st century. The museum was founded in 1919 and opened in 1921 in the rooms of Karlsruhe Palace.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
Zap time
The zap time is the total duration of time from which the viewer changes the channel using a remote control to the point that the picture of the new channel is displayed. This includes the corresponding audio. These delays exist in all television systems, but they are more pronounced in digital television and systems that use the internet such as IPTV. Human interaction with the system is completely ignored in these measurements, so zap time is not the same as channel surfing.

Zap time can be very disturbing for some viewers and for this reason it is considered an issue that must be addressed in IPTV systems.

Internet Group Management Protocol
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4 networks to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is an integral part of IP multicast and allows the network to direct multicast transmissions only to hosts that have requested them.

IGMP can be used for one-to-many networking applications such as online streaming video and gaming, and allows more efficient use of resources when supporting these types of applications.

IGMP is used on IPv4 networks. Multicast management on IPv6 networks is handled by Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) which is a part of ICMPv6 in contrast to IGMP's bare IP encapsulation.
Jürgen Schoch
Jürgen Schoch (born 10 April 1962) is a retired West German hurdler.

He finished seventh at the 1984 European Indoor Championships. He also competed at the 1983 and 1988 European Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

He became West German indoor champion in the 60 metres hurdles in 1985. In the West German championships he won three silver medals and one bronze medal, behind a different victor every time; Axel Schaumann, Peter Scholz, Michael Radzey and Florian Schwarthoff. He represented the club SV Salamander Kornwestheim.

His personal best times were 7.71 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles, achieved in January 1988 in Karlsruhe; and 13.78 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles, achieved in July 1988 in Frankfurt.

Florian Schwarthoff
Florian Schwarthoff (born 7 May 1968 in Dortmund) is a former German hurdler best known for winning a bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Schwarthoff had his best season in 1995 when set a new German record of 13.05 sec. in Bremen. He was expected to compete for a silver or bronze medal at the World Championships in Gothenburg behind the overwhelming favourite Allen Johnson from the United States. However, Schwarthoff did not finish the semi-final as he fell over a hurdle. Schwarthoff remained for several years a world class hurdler but never won a gold medal.
Sharrington
Sharrington is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Brinton, in the North Norfolk district, in the county of Norfolk, England. The village is laid out on the southern edge of the A148, 3.5 miles west of Holt. The village is 10 miles east-northeast of the town of Fakenham, 13.4 miles west-southwest of Cromer and 124 miles north-northeast of London. The nearest railway station is at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is at Norwich. In 1931 the parish had a population of 195. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Brinton.

The villages name means 'Dung farm/settlement'.

Holt, Norfolk
Holt is a market town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The town is 23 miles (37 km) north of the city of Norwich, 10 miles (16 km) west of Cromer and 35 miles (56 km) east of King's Lynn. The town has a population of 3,550, rising and including the ward to 3,810 at the 2011 census. Holt is within the area covered by North Norfolk District Council. Holt has a heritage railway station; it is the south-western terminus of the preserved North Norfolk Railway, known as the Poppy Line.
Ho Ro Bin
Ho Ro Bin (Chinese: 何諾賓; pinyin: hé nuò bīn) is a retired competitive wushu taolu athlete and actor from Malaysia. He is the first Malaysian athlete who have won gold medals in all major international wushu competitions including the World Wushu Championships, Asian Games, Asian Wushu Championships, and the SEA Games.

SEA Games
The Southeast Asian Games, commonly known as SEA Games, is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under the regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia.

The SEA Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia, the others being South Asian Games, West Asian Games, East Asian Games, and Central Asian Games.
Battle of Vaksince
A military engagement between the Macedonian security forces and Albanian insurgents belonging to the NLA occurred in the village of Vaksince, which was at the time launching a campaign of guerrilla attacks against facilities of the Macedonian Government, the Macedonian Police force, and the Macedonian Armed Forces.

Politics of North Macedonia
Politics in North Macedonia occur within the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated North Macedonia a "flawed democracy" in 2022.
Ebbw Valley Walk
The Ebbw Valley Walk is a 16 miles (26 km)-long recreational walk which runs from Festival Park in Ebbw Vale southwards to the Sirhowy Valley Country Park west of Risca in South Wales. The route is managed and maintained by Caerphilly County Borough Council who published a 24-page booklet promoting the route in 1996 though this is no longer in print.

Risca
Risca (Welsh: Rhisga) is a town in the Caerphilly County Borough and within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire in south-east Wales. It is split into two communities; Risca East and Risca West. It has a population of 11,700.

The town lies at the south-eastern edge of the South Wales Coalfield and has been shaped by mining, together with other heavy industries, for many centuries.

Risca is home to Ty-Sign, a large housing estate built in the early 1960s as a satellite village for the then new Llanwern steelworks.

Risca has a rural aspect and is surrounded to the east and west by several extensively wooded hills, including Mynydd Machen (1,188 ft; 362 m) and Twmbarlwm (1,375 ft; 419 m), which attract tourists for the hillwalking and mountain bikers to Cwmcarn Forest Drive.

Risca has a railway station on the Ebbw Valley Railway, reopened in February 2008.
Abdisalam Yasin Mohamed
Abdisalam Yassin Mohamed is a Somali professor and academic who had taken part in the establishment of the Somali National Movement (SNM). He holds a PhD in African Literature from SOAS University of London. He taught at King Saud University and King Abdulaziz University of Saudi Arabia. He is currently the president of Shifa University in Somaliland. His research was published in multiple academic journals, including the Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs (Taylor & Francis).

Somali National Movement
The Somali National Movement (SNM; Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed; Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerrilla groups and mujahideen groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence. The organisation was founded in London, England, on April 6, 1981 by Hassan Isse Jama, Hassan Adan Wadadid, and Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid and other former Somali diplomats, who stated that initially the group's purpose was to overthrow the Siad Barre regime.

In May 1991, the organisation declared an independent Republic of Somaliland in the region that had constituted British Somaliland before independence and unification with the former colony of Italian Somaliland in 1960 after the Somaliland War of Independence.
Safeguarding of Industries Act 1921
The Safeguarding of Industries Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. 47) was an Act passed by the British Parliament which safeguarded certain key industries.

Part I of the Act put a five-year duty of 33.3% ad valorem on nine categories of items (including optical glass, laboratory porcelain, hosiery latch needles, metallic tungsten, synthetic chemicals) that were perceived as being essential to British success in the Great War. Part II of the Act put a similar duty on imported goods which were sold at prices below the cost of production (dumping) or at prices lower than the prices of similar goods profitably made in Britain, due to depreciating currencies of the imported goods' country of origin. In the House of Commons 142 voted for its third reading, which was passed by 178 votes to 56.

Safeguard
In international trade law, a safeguard is a restraint to protect home or national industries from foreign competition.
In the World Trade Organization (WTO), a member may take a safeguard action, such as restricting imports of a product temporarily to protect a domestic industry from an increase in imports causing or threatening to cause injury to domestic production.
1986 Bristol Trophy – Doubles
Eddie Edwards and Danie Visser were the defending champions, but Edwards did not participate this year.  Visser partnered Christo Steyn.

Steyn and Visser won the title, defeating Mark Edmondson and Wally Masur 6–7, 7–6, 12–10 in the final.

Eddie Edwards (tennis)
Eddie Edwards (born 3 July 1956) is a retired professional tour tennis player.

The right-handed Edwards was a tour regular from the mid-1970s to the end of 1987. He played in singles a total of 112 grand prix (including World Championship Tennis events) and 24 grand slam tournaments. His best results were on grass, reaching the fourth round of Wimbledon in 1986 and winning the Adelaide grand prix event in 1985. He reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 42 in July 1986.
Sunna (Saxon chief)
Sunna was a Saxon chief whose people were widespread in eastern Berkshire, southern England. A number of English place names are derived from this name, including Sonning (historically spelled "Sunning"), Sonning Eye, Sunbury, Sunningdale, Sunninghill and Sunningwell, many close to the River Thames.

One historian notes that "Sunbury may be named after Sunna, the eponymous founder of the provincia quae appellatur Sunninges, whose territory lay in Berkshire west of the lands granted to Chertsey in the mid-670s". A historian of Wessex has commented "The Sunna of Sonning and related names... was clearly a local potentate of no small importance". Searle's Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum finds that Sunna was a rare personal name.

However, a 1937 theory held that "The meaning of sunna is likely to be wet or marshy land...[as] in Sonning, h[undre]d. and par[ish] ... near Reading, and in Sunninghill in south-east Berkshire".

Sunningwell
Sunningwell is a village and civil parish about 3+1⁄2 miles (6 km) south of Oxford, England. The parish includes the village of Bayworth and the eastern part of Boars Hill. The parish was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 904.
96th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The 96th Scripps National Spelling Bee was a spelling bee competition that was held at Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center in National Harbor, Maryland.

The 2024 bee welcomed 245 spellers from the United States and its territories, Canada, Ghana, and The Bahamas. After competing in preliminary, quarterfinal and semi-final rounds on May 28, and May 29, 2024, the field of competition narrowed to 8 finalists who competed on the night of May 30, 2024.

National Harbor, Maryland
National Harbor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located along the Potomac River near the Woodrow Wilson Bridge and just south of Washington, D.C. It originated as a 300-acre (1.2 km2) multi-use waterfront development. The population was 5,509 at the 2020 census.

The developer, Peterson Companies, says National Harbor draws 12 million visitors annually, as of 2025.
Madonna of the Souls in Purgatory
Madonna of the Souls in Purgatory is a 1622–1625 oil on canvas painting by Battistello Caracciolo, originally in the church of Santa Chiara in Nola but was moved out of the church after its roof collapsed in the 1980 Irpinia earthquake and into the Museo nazionale di Capodimonte in Naples, where it still hangs.

1980 Irpinia earthquake
The 1980 Irpinia earthquake (Italian: Terremoto dell'Irpinia) took place in Italy on 23 November 1980, with a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It left at least 2,483 people dead, at least 7,700 injured, and 250,000 homeless.
Falguni Rahman Jolly
Falguni Rahman Jolly (born 24 August 1996) is a Bangladeshi film actress. As a child, Rahman studied singing and dancing at Bangladesh Shishu Academy. She started her career with 2016's Jaaz Multimedia production Angaar. Subsequently, she worked on Niyoti opposite Arifin Shuvoo, and in 2017 co-starred with Shahriaz in Meyeti Ekhon Kothay Jabe.

Bangladesh Shishu Academy
Bangladesh Shishu Academy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ শিশু একাডেমি) is the national academy for children in Bangladesh. It was established in 1976 by Ziaur Rahman for promoting cultural development of children, and nurturing their talents.

On 8 August 2024, after the fall of Sheikh Hasina, the main building along with the sculpture Duronto was burnt by vandalists.
Ytterholmen Lighthouse
Ytterholmen Lighthouse (Norwegian: Ytterholmen fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Herøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  It is located on the island of Ytterholmen, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of the town of Sandnessjøen and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of the Gåsvær islands. The lighthouse is owned and operated by the municipality and it can be rented by tourists.

Ytterholmen Lighthouse is a white, 9-metre (30 ft) tall lighthouse tower which was built in 1910 and it was automated in 2003.  The light sits at an elevation of 47.4 metres (156 ft) above sea level.  It can be seen for up to 22.1 nautical miles (40.9 km; 25.4 mi).  The light emits two white flashes every 30 seconds.

There is also a secondary light about 4 metres (13 ft) below the main light.  This secondary light emits a white, red or green depending on direction, occulting twice every 10 seconds.  The secondary light can be seen for up to 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi).

Light characteristic
A light characteristic is all of the properties that make a particular navigational light identifiable. Graphical and textual descriptions of navigational light sequences and colours are displayed on nautical charts and in Light Lists with the chart symbol for a lighthouse, lightvessel, buoy or sea mark with a light on it. Different lights use different colours, frequencies and light patterns, so mariners can identify which light they are seeing.
Morphinan
Morphinan is the prototype chemical structure of a large chemical class of psychoactive drugs, consisting of opiate analgesics, cough suppressants, and dissociative hallucinogens, among others. Typical examples include compounds such as morphine, codeine, and dextromethorphan (DXM). Despite related molecular structures, the pharmacological profiles and mechanisms of action between the various types of morphinan substances can vary substantially. They tend to function either as μ-opioid receptor agonists (analgesics), or NMDA receptor antagonists (dissociatives).

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
Hillsdale station
Hillsdale station can refer to the following train stations:

Hillsdale station (Caltrain), California

Hillsdale station (NJ Transit), New Jersey

Hillsdale station (New York Central Railroad), New York, now closed

Hillsdale station (Caltrain)
Hillsdale station is a Caltrain station in San Mateo, California. Located adjacent to the Bay Meadows neighborhood, it is one of three Caltrain stations in the city. The elevated station has a single island platform serving the two tracks of the Peninsula Subdivision. It opened in 2021 as part of a grade crossing elimination project, replacing a previous station slightly to the south.
Fire temple
A fire temple (Persian: آتشکده, romanized: ātashkade; Gujarati: અગિયારી, romanized: agiyārī) is a place of worship for Zoroastrians. In Zoroastrian doctrine, atar and aban (fire and water) are agents of ritual purity.

Clean, white "ash for the purification ceremonies [is] regarded as the basis of ritual life", which "are essentially the rites proper to the tending of a domestic fire, for the temple [fire] is that of the hearth fire raised to a new solemnity". For, one "who sacrifices unto fire with fuel in his hand ..., is given happiness".

As of 2021, there were 167 fire temples in the world, of which 45 were in Mumbai, 105 in the rest of India, and 17 in other countries. Of these, only nine (one in Iran and eight in India) are the main temples known as Atash Behrams; the remainder are the smaller temples known as agiaries.

Zoroastrianism in Iran
Zoroastrianism is considered to be the oldest religion still practiced in Iran. It is an Iranian religion that emerged around the 2nd millennium BCE, spread through the Iranian plateau, and eventually gained official status under the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BCE. It remained the Iranian state religion until the 7th century CE, when the Arab conquest of Persia resulted in the fall of the Sasanian Empire to the nascent Rashidun Caliphate. Over time, Zoroastrians became a religious minority amidst the Islamization of Iran, as due to persecution many fled east to take refuge in India. Some of Zoroastrianism's holiest sites are located in Iran, such as Yazd.

Today, Iran has the second largest Zoroastrian population in the world, behind only India and possibly the Kurdistan Region. The official Iranian census of 2011 recorded a total of 25,271 Zoroastrians in the country, but several unofficial accounts suggest higher figures.
F. M. Hardacre
Forrest Marion "Frosty" Hardacre (July 1, 1915 – August 7, 2011) was an American football coach. He was the head football coach at McPherson College in McPherson, Kansas, serving for two seasons, from 1948 to 1949, and compiling a record of 1–16.

McPherson College
McPherson College is a private college associated with the Church of the Brethren and located in McPherson, Kansas, United States. It was chartered in 1887 and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.