hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lomphok
The lomphok (Thai: ลอมพอก, pronounced [lɔ̄m.pʰɔ̂ːk]; literally, "piled up [and] layered [wrapped head cover]") is a ceremonial headgear of Thailand, historically worn by royalty and nobility. It is a tall pointed hat, made of white cloth wrapped around a bamboo frame. The lomphok is believed to have been adapted from the turbans of Safavid-dynasty Persia during the Ayutthaya period, and its use is extensively documented by European writers who came into contact with Siam during the reign of King Narai. In particular, its use by Kosa Pan and the other diplomats of the embassy to the court of Louis XIV in 1686 became a sensation in French society. Today, the lomphok can be seen worn by officials in the Royal Ploughing Ceremony and royal funeral processions.

Kosa Pan
Chao Phraya Kosathibodi (Thai: เจ้าพระยาโกษาธิบดี; 1633 – 15 November 1699), born Pan (Thai: ปาน), commonly known as Kosa Pan (Thai: โกษาปาน), was a prominent Siamese nobleman who played a leading role during the reign of King Narai of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. He is best remembered for leading the second Siamese embassy to France in 1686: 262–263  He was preceded to France by the first Siamese embassy to France, which had been composed of two Siamese ambassadors and Father Bénigne Vachet, who had left Siam for France on January 5, 1684.
Johor–Jambi wars
Johor–Jambi wars were a series of conflicts between the Jambi Sultanate and the Johor Sultanate after the fall of Portuguese Malacca and the decline of Aceh Sultanate, marked by the expansion of the influence of Johor Sultanate which endangered the position of the Jambi Sultanate. The war ended in the Jambi recapture of Kuala Tungkal and Indragiri, and the destruction of many Johor and Jambi cities.

Siege of Malacca (1640–1641)
The siege of Malacca (3 August 1640 – 14 January 1641) was initiated by the Dutch East India Company and their local ally, Johor, against Portuguese Malacca. It ended with a Portuguese surrender and, according to Portugal, the deaths of thousands of Portuguese individuals. The roots of the conflict began in the late 16th century when the Dutch arrived in the vicinity of Malacca. From there, they launched occasional attacks against the Portuguese colony, including multiple failed sieges. In August 1640, the Dutch commenced their final siege, which took a heavy toll on both sides, with disease and starvation rampant. Finally, after the loss of several major commanders and numerous troops, the Dutch stormed the citadel, completely ending Portugal's control of the city. Ultimately, the new colony was of little importance to the Dutch compared to their previously existing local territory, Batavia.
Alphard (programming language)
Alphard is a Pascal-like programming language for data abstraction and verification, proposed and designed by William A. Wulf, Ralph L. London, and Mary Shaw. The language was the subject of several research publications in the late 1970s, but was never implemented. Its main innovative feature was the introduction of the 'form' datatype, which combines a specification and a procedural (executable) implementation. It also took the generator from IPL-V, as well as the mapping functions from Lisp and made it general case.

Information Processing Language
Information Processing Language (IPL) is a programming language created by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert A. Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology about 1956.  Newell had the job of language specifier-application programmer, Shaw was the system programmer, and Simon had the job of application programmer-user.

IPL included features to facilitate AI programming, specifically problem solving. such as lists, dynamic memory allocation, data types, recursion, functions as arguments, generators, and cooperative multitasking.  IPL also introduced the concepts of symbol processing and list processing. Unfortunately, all of these innovations were cast in a difficult assembly-language style. Nonetheless, IPL-V (the only public version of IPL) ran on many computers through the mid 1960s.
Salad oils
Salad oils are types of vegetable oil suitable for salad dressing. The major characteristic is passing the AOCS Cold Test (5.5 hours minimum). Oil is often combined with other substances to achieve desired flavour and viscosity.

American Oil Chemists' Society
The American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) is an international professional organization based in Urbana, Illinois dedicated to providing the support network for those involved with the science and technology related to fats, oils, surfactants, and other related materials.

Founded in 1909, AOCS has approximately 2,000 members in 90 countries who are active in a total of ten divisions and six sections, of which only one of the sections is within the United States.
Statistics South Africa
Statistics South Africa (officially the Department of Statistics South Africa, and often shortened to Stats SA) is the national statistical service of South Africa. The Department has the goal of producing timely, accurate and official statistics to advance economic growth, development and democracy.

Statistics South Africa produces official demographic, economic and social censuses and surveys. To date Statistics South Africa has produced four censuses, in 1996, 2001, 2011 and 2022.

Statistics South Africa was previously known as the "Central Statistical Service", shortly after the end of apartheid and absorbed the statistical services of the former Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei.

1996 South African census
The National Census of 1996 was the 1st comprehensive national census of the Republic of South Africa, after the end of Apartheid. It undertook to enumerate every person present in South Africa on the census night at a cost of R 419,000,000.
Jahn–Teller effect
The Jahn–Teller effect (JT effect or JTE) is an important mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in molecular and solid-state systems which has far-reaching consequences in different fields, and is responsible for a variety of phenomena in spectroscopy, stereochemistry, crystal chemistry, molecular and solid-state physics, and materials science. The effect is named for Hermann Arthur Jahn and Edward Teller, who first reported studies about it in 1937.

Colossal magnetoresistance
Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) is a property of some materials, mostly manganese-based perovskite oxides, that enables them to dramatically change their electrical resistance in the presence of a magnetic field. The magnetoresistance of conventional materials enables changes in resistance of up to 5%, but materials featuring CMR may demonstrate resistance changes by orders of magnitude.

This technology may find uses in disk read-and-write heads, allowing for increases in hard disk drive data density. However, so far it has not led to practical applications because it requires low temperatures and bulky equipment.
RD-263
The RD-263 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-263, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-263, lit. 'Rocket Engine 263', GRAU index: 15D117) is a liquid-fuel rocket engine, burning a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer in the oxidizer rich staged combustion cycle. Four RD-263 engines form a propulsion module RD-264 (GRAU index: 15D119). For the R-36M KB Yuzhnoye only ordered the first stage propulsion to Energomash, instead of both stages, arguing that they were overworked with the RD-270 development. By April 1970 Yuzhnoye was getting the engine documentation. By the end of 1972 Energomash started to test fire the engines in its own test stand. And by September 1973 the engine was certified for flight. While the engine is out of production, the ICBM as well as the Dnepr remain operational as of 2015.

KB Pivdenne
The Pivdenne Design Office (Ukrainian: Державне конструкторське бюро «Південне» ім. М. К. Янгеля, abbr. Державне КБП, romanized: Derzhavne konstruktorske biuro "Pivdenne" im. M. K. Yanhelia, abbr. Derzhavne KB Pivdenne, lit. 'State design bureau "Southern", named after M. K. Yangel'), located in Dnipro, Ukraine, is a designer of satellites and rockets, and formerly of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), established by Mikhail Yangel. During the Soviet era, the bureau's OKB designation was OKB-586.

The company is in close co-operation with the PA Pivdenmash multi-product machine-building company, also situated in Dnipro. Pivdenmash is the main manufacturer of the models developed by Pivdenne Design Office.
Musarrat Hussain
Musarrat Hussain was a Pakistani psychiatrist. He served as an executive director of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre. He also served as a president of Pakistan Psychiatrists Society.

Hussain studied at Dow Medical College. Later, he went to Germany and completed his postgraduation. He died on 3 August 2011 at Agha Khan Hospital Karachi.

In order to pay tribute to his services for the society Prof Musarrat Hussain Memorial Psychiatric Symposium was held in Karachi from 22 to 24 June 2012.

Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre
The Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), formerly known as RAF Hospital No. 10, Pakistan Central Hospital, and Jinnah Central Hospital, is a public healthcare institute located at Rafiqui Shaheed Road in Karachi Cantonment area  of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

In 2017, approximately 1.8 million patients visit the hospital complex annually and it is considered one of the biggest government-operated hospitals in Karachi. Jinnah Hospital is one of the oldest, biggest public health care hospital in Karachi, a city of 15 million population.

The current Executive Director is Shahid Rasul who has led since 2021.
Robert Callender (frontiersman)
Robert Callender (ca. 1726 – July 29, 1776) was a frontiersman and a soldier, becoming one of the most prominent fur-traders in colonial Pennsylvania. He fought in the French and Indian War and took part in the Kittanning Expedition. He was commander of Carlisle Fort, participated in the Forbes Expedition, and was commissioned colonel at the start of the American Revolutionary War. Because of his knowledge of trails and terrain in Pennsylvania, his advice was sought by George Washington, John Forbes, and Henry Bouquet. He died at age 50 in 1776.

Fort Duquesne
Fort Duquesne (/djuː.ˈkeɪn/ dew-KAYN, French: [dykɛːn]; originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. It was later taken over by the British, and later the Americans, and developed as Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Fort Duquesne was destroyed by the French before its British conquest during the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War on the North American front. The British replaced it, building Fort Pitt between 1759 and 1761. The site of both forts is now occupied by Point State Park, where the outlines of the two forts have been laid in granite slabs.
Marian Rułka
Marian Rułka (22 July 1929, Lublin – 13 November 1983, Warsaw) was a Polish theatre and film actor. In 1952 he graduated from The Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw. He has worked in the Ateneum Theatre, the Juliusz Osterwa Theatre in Lublin, the Wola Theatre in Warsaw, and National Theatre in Warsaw.

National Theatre, Warsaw
The National Theatre (Teatr Narodowy) in Warsaw, Poland, was founded in 1765, during the Polish Enlightenment, by that country's monarch, Stanisław August Poniatowski. The theatre shares the Grand Theatre complex at Theatre Square in Warsaw with another national venue, Poland's National Opera.
Isandlwana
Isandlwana (Zulu pronunciation: [ísanˈdɮwáːna]) (older spelling Isandhlwana, also sometimes seen as Isandula) is an isolated hill in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It is located 169 kilometres (105 mi) north by northwest of Durban. The name is said to mean abomasum, the second stomach of the cow, because it reminded the Zulus of its shape.

Abomasum
The abomasum, also known as the maw, rennet-bag, or reed tripe, is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It secretes rennet, which is used in cheese creation.

The word abomasum (ab- "away from" + omasum "intestine of an ox") is from Neo-Latin and it was first used in English in 1706. It is possibly from the Gaulish language.
Olya Kroytor
Olya Kroytor, full name Olga Igorevna Kroytor (Russian: Ольга Игоревна Кройтор, born 1986), is a Russian contemporary artist, based in Moscow. She works in the mediums of painting, collage, installation, sculpture, image manipulation and performance. She is particularly renowned for her performance pieces, receiving the Kandinsky Prize in 2015 in the category of 'Young artist: Project of the Year'.

Performance
A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other forms of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
Von Willebrand factor type D domain
Von Willebrand factor type D domain (vWD) is an evolutionarily-conserved protein domain found in, among others, the von Willebrand factor (vWF). vWF is a large multimeric glycoprotein and it is synthesized by a type of bone marrow cell called megakaryocytes. The vWD domain allows vWF to perform its blood-clotting function by carrying factor VIII around.

Megakaryocyte
A megakaryocyte (from  mega- 'large'  karyo- 'cell nucleus' and  -cyte 'cell') is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus that produces blood platelets (thrombocytes), which are necessary for normal clotting. In humans, megakaryocytes usually account for 1 out of 10,000 bone marrow cells, but can increase in number nearly 10-fold during the course of certain diseases. Owing to variations in combining forms and spelling, synonyms include megalokaryocyte and megacaryocyte.
Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026
Bulgaria is set to be represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2026 with the song "Bangaranga", written by Anne Judith Wik, Cristian Tarcea, Darina Nikolaeva Yotova and Dimitris Kontopoulos, and performed by Yotova under her stage name Dara. The Bulgarian participating broadcaster, Bulgarian National Television (BNT), organised Natsionalnata selektsiya in order to select its entry for the contest.

Kristian Kostov
Kristian Konstantinov Kostov (Bulgarian: Кристиан Константинов Костов; born 15 March 2000) is a Bulgarian-Russian singer. He was a finalist in season one of The Voice Kids Russia and a runner-up in the fourth season of X Factor Bulgaria. He represented Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "Beautiful Mess", finishing in second place. In January 2018, Kostov won the EBBA Public Choice award. In January 2019, he was one of seven singers who performed in the seventh season of Singer (previously I Am a Singer).
Isogenus nubecula
Isogenus nubecula, also known as scarce yellow sally, is a species of stonefly belonging to the family Perlodidae. It is native to Europe.

The insect was thought to be extinct in Britain, having last been recorded in 1995, but a small population was found on the River Dee, Wales in 2017. In 2023, the insects were being bred in captivity at Chester Zoo with a view to reintroduction to the wild when water quality has improved.

The species is regarded as critically endangered.

River Dee, Wales
The River Dee (Welsh: Afon Dyfrdwy, Latin: Deva Fluvius) flows through North Wales and Cheshire, England. The majority of the river is located in Wales, with the stretch between Aldford and Saltney within England and two other sections forming the border between the two countries. The length of the section from Bala to Chester is 113 km (70 miles).

The river rises on Dduallt in Snowdonia and flows east through Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Corwen, and Llangollen. It turns north near Overton-on-Dee and forms part of the England–Wales border before fully entering England near Aldford, north-east of Wrexham. It flows through Chester then re-enters Wales near Saltney; the final section is canalised and discharges to the Irish Sea via an estuary 23 km (14 miles) long.
24th Canadian Film Awards
The 24th Canadian Film Awards were held on October 3, 1972 to honour achievements in Canadian film.

The CFAs had the full support of French-speaking filmmakers, with Quebec producers agreeing to join the CFA committee and share responsibility for the future direction of the organization, which had opened an office in Montreal.

A total of 147 films were submitted and a pre-selection committee chose 62 of them for final consideration. Due to the number of categories, the ceremony was split into two events: non-feature, sponsored, and educational film awards were presented at a luncheon, while all other awards were presented at a gala banquet.  The ceremonies were fully bilingual and awards were divided equally between francophone and anglophone producers. The ceremony was hosted by broadcaster Jacques Fauteux.

Jacques Fauteux
Jacques Fauteux (January 29, 1933 – June 30, 2009) was a Canadian radio and television announcer and presenter, best known for his work with Télévision de Radio-Canada. Over the course of his career, he was seen on programs such as Appelez-moi Lise, Point de mire, Le Téléjournal and Tous pour un.

After leaving Radio-Canada in 1986, he hosted the short run talk shows Un bon programme (1988) and Fauteux prise 2 (1992) for TVA.

He also had occasional small acting roles, most notably in the film Bach and Broccoli (Bach et bottine) and the television series René Lévesque and Chartrand et Simonne.

After his death in 2009, he was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.
Kamal al-Hadithi
Kamal al-Hadithi (Arabic: كمال الحديثي, romanized: Kamāl al-Ḥadīthī; 1939 – 12 February 2018) was an Iraqi poet and journalist, best known for his Arab nationalist inclinations, who published about seventeen poetry collections between 1979 and 2001. He was born in Haditha in Anbar, graduated from University of Baghdad in 1960, then worked as a school teacher and head teacher in the 1960s and 1970s. One of the prominent culture-related figures of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party from 1978, he was elected as Member of the Iraqi National Assembly for two consecutive terms, 1980 and 1988. After 2003 deposing Ba'athist government, Al-Hadithi lived in silence and isolation for years until died in Baghdad at the age of 79.

1980 Iraqi parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 20 June 1980, the first since 1958. The elections were contested by around 860 candidates  and saw the Ba'ath Party win 187 of the 250 seats. Voter turnout was approximately 80%.
Sela pri Dragatušu
Sela pri Dragatušu (pronounced [ˈseːla pɾi dɾaɡaˈtuːʃu]; in older sources also Sela pri Turnu, German: Sela bei Golek) is a settlement north of Dragatuš in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

White Carniola
White Carniola (Slovene: Bela krajina; Croatian: Bela krajina; German: Weißkrain or Weiße Mark) is a traditional region in southeastern Slovenia on the border with Croatia. Due to its smallness, it is often considered a subunit of the broader Lower Carniola region, although with distinctive cultural, linguistic, and historical features.

Due to its proximity with Croatia, White Carniola shares many cultural and linguistic features with the neighboring Kajkavian Croatian areas. It is generally considered the Slovenian region with the closest cultural affinity with other South Slavic territories. It was part of Slavonia until the 12th century, after which it shared the historical fate with the Windic March and Lower Carniola to the north. During the 19th century, it was one of the regions with the highest emigration rate in the Slovene Lands, and the Austrian Empire in general. During World War II, it was an important center of anti-Fascist resistance in Slovenia.
Saarlouis (electoral district)
Saarlouis is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 297. It is located in western Saarland, comprising the Merzig-Wadern district and most of the district of Saarlouis district.

Saarlouis was created for the inaugural 1957 federal election after the accession of Saarland to Germany. From 2021 to 2025, it has been represented by Heiko Maas of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Philipp Hofmann of the CDU.

1957 West German federal election
A federal election was held in West Germany on 15 September 1957 to elect the members of the third Bundestag. The Christian Democratic Union and its longtime ally, the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, won a sweeping victory, taking 270 seats in the Bundestag to win the first–and, to date, only–absolute majority for a single German parliamentary group in a free election.

This was the first West German federal election to take place in the Saarland, which–as Saar protectorate–had been a separate entity under French control between 1946 and 1956.

Only four parties won seats in the 1957 election, which was a consolidation of the party system relative to the 1953 and 1949 elections where six and ten parties won seats respectively. As the CDU/CSU won a majority of seats, it formed a government without coalition partners.
Empire Junior College Conference
The Empire Junior College Conference (EJCC), also called the Empire Conference and the Empire College Conference (ECC), was an junior college athletic conference composed of member schools located in Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, and Wyoming. Original called the Colorado Junior College Conference (CJCC), the conference changed its name to the Empire Junior College Conference in 1952.

Casper College and McCook Junior College were admitted to the conference in May 1952. New Mexico Military Institute (NMMI) joined the EJCC in 1968 as a football-only member.

Trinidad State College
Trinidad State College is a public community college in Trinidad, Colorado. It was founded in 1925, making it the first community college in the state of Colorado. Trinidad State also operates a satellite campus in the city of Alamosa, Colorado, roughly 100 miles northwest of Trinidad. The college offers 49 degree programs in vocational fields. The college's name changed from Trinidad State Junior College to Trinidad State College in 2021.
Fearless (Family album)
Fearless is the fifth album by the British progressive rock band Family, which was released on 29 October 1971, on Reprise Records in the UK and United Artists Records in the US. It is known for its innovative cover design by John Kosh, using layered-page album headshots of the band's members melding into a single blur.

United Artists Records
United Artists Records was an American record label founded by Max E. Youngstein of United Artists in 1957 to issue movie soundtracks. The label expanded into other genres, such as easy listening, jazz, pop, and R&B.
Strike It Lucky (Australian game show)
Strike It Lucky  is an Australian television game show that was broadcast on the Nine Network in 1994. It was based on a British show of the same name, which was based on an American show called Strike It Rich. The Australian Strike It Lucky was hosted by Ronnie Burns and co-hosted by Jane Blatchford with Craig Huggins as the announcer.  It was produced in the GTV 9 Studios in Melbourne.

Strike It Rich (1986 game show)
Strike It Rich is an American game show that aired in syndication during the 1986–87 television season. It was hosted by Joe Garagiola with Theresa Ring as prize model (who only displayed the prizes in taped segments) and Bob Hilton as the announcer. The show was produced by Kline & Friends in association with Blair Entertainment.