hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Optocollic reflex
Optocollic reflex is a gaze stabilization reflex that occurs in birds in response to visual (optokinetic) inputs, and leads to head movements that compensate for passive displacements and rotations of the animal. The reflex seems to be more prominent when the bird is flying (or at least held in a "flying position"). The brain systems involved in the reflex are the nucleus of the basal optic roots, the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, the vestibular nuclei, and the cerebellum

Head
A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may not have a head, but many bilaterally symmetric forms do, regardless of size.

Heads develop in animals by an evolutionary trend known as cephalization. In bilaterally symmetrical animals, nervous tissue concentrate at the anterior region, forming structures responsible for information processing. Through biological evolution, sense organs and feeding structures also concentrate into the anterior region; these collectively form the head.
Big Vin Records
Big Vin Records was an American record label based in Arlington, Texas. The company was formed in February 2006 by former Pantera, Damageplan and Hellyeah drummer Vinnie Paul Abbott and had a distribution deal with Fontana Records, which in turn is owned by Universal Music Group.

Abbott started the label a year after the on-stage murder of his brother, Dimebag Darrell, on December 8, 2004.

Seventh Void, the Hillbilly Orchestra, Fountainhead, and Mark "The Chinaman" Britten are among the artists signed to the label.

Vinnie Paul
Vincent Paul Abbott  (March 11, 1964 – June 22, 2018) was an American musician best known for being the drummer and co-founder of the heavy metal band Pantera. He also co-founded Damageplan in 2003 with his younger brother, "Dimebag" Darrell Abbott, and was a member of Hellyeah for 12 years from 2006 until his death in 2018. Several outlets have ranked Abbott as among the greatest metal drummers of all time.
Graziella Mascia
Graziella Mascia (4 September 1953 – 11 March 2018) was an Italian politician.

Born in Magenta, Lombardy, she joined the Italian Communist Party in 1972 and served on its central committee from 1979 to 1983. She became of a member of the Communist Refoundation Party in 1991, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies between 2001 and 2008. She died on 11 March 2018, aged 64, in Robecco sul Naviglio.

Magenta, Lombardy
Magenta (Italian pronunciation: [maˈdʒɛnta], Lombard pronunciation: [maˈdʒẽːta]) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in Lombardy, northern Italy. It became notable as the site of the Battle of Magenta in 1859.  The color magenta takes its name from the battle.

Magenta is the birthplace of Saint Gianna Beretta Molla (1922–1962) and film producer Carlo Ponti (1912–2007).
The municipality of Magenta is part of the Parco naturale lombardo della Valle del Ticino, a Nature reserve included by UNESCO in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
Bire Kimisopa
Bire Kimisopa (born 22 December 1962) is a Papua New Guinean politician. He was a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea from 2002 to 2007 and from 2012 to 2017, both times representing the seat of Goroka Open. He was Minister for Internal Security (2003–2006) and Minister for Justice (2006–2007) in Michael Somare's third government. He was the leader of the United Party from 2002 to 2007 and leader of the New Generation Party from 2016 to 2017.

National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
The National Parliament of Papua New Guinea is the unicameral national legislature in Papua New Guinea. It was created in 1964 as the House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea but gained its current name after the nation was granted independence in 1975.
KJIM
KJIM (1500 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Sherman, Texas.  The station is owned by Bob Mark Allen Productions.  KJIM airs a primary adult standards radio format featuring programming from America's Best Music, a service of Westwood One, and also airs secondary classic hits and soft adult contemporary formats. World and national news is heard every hour from CBS Radio News as well as a broadcast cycle of NOAA Weather Radio station WXK22. KJIM's studios, offices, and the transmitter are on Woodlawn Road in Denison, Texas.

Because AM 1500 is a clear-channel frequency reserved for WFED in Washington, D.C., and KSTP in St. Paul, Minnesota, KJIM is a daytimer and must sign-off at sunset.  Programming is heard around the clock on FM translator K267CB at 101.3 MHz.

CBS News Radio
CBS News Radio, formerly known as CBS Radio News and historically known as the CBS Radio Network, is a radio network that provides news to more than 1,000 radio stations throughout the United States. The network is owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation.  It is the last of the three original national U.S. radio networks (CBS, NBC Radio Network and Mutual Broadcasting System) still operating and still owned by its original parent company, even though CBS sold its owned and operated radio stations in 2017 to Entercom (now known as Audacy, Inc.). The current NBC Radio Network is owned by iHeartMedia, and licenses use of the NBC name and audio from NBC News.

CBS News Radio is one of the two national news services distributed by Skyview Networks, which transmits national news, talk, music and special event programs, in addition to local news, weather, video news and other information to radio and television stations, as well as traffic reporting services.
Missionary (album)
Missionary is the twentieth studio album by American rapper Snoop Dogg. It was released on December 13, 2024, by Death Row Records, Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records. The production was done by Dr. Dre. The album features several guest contributions from Eminem, 50 Cent, Method Man, Jelly Roll, BJ the Chicago Kid, Jhené Aiko, Alus, and K.A.A.N. Tom Petty posthumously guest appears on the album as a vocal sample from "Mary Jane's Last Dance". Missionary follows his 2022 releases: BODR, his nineteenth studio album, and Snoop Cube 40 $hort, a collaborative effort as part of the West Coast hip-hop supergroup Mount Westmore.

MUSYCA Children's Choir
MUSYCA Children's Choir is a vocal ensemble located in Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 2010 by Anna Krendel and Mikhail Shtangrud. MUSYCA (pronounced MUSIC-ah) is an acronym for Musical Youth of California.
Long Branch State Park
Long Branch State Park is a public recreation area occupying 1,828 acres (740 ha) adjacent to the Long Branch Reservoir in Macon County, Missouri. The state park consists of three units located some two miles west of Macon, Missouri on U.S. Highway 36.

Macon County, Missouri
Macon County is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,209. Its county seat is Macon. The county was organized January 6, 1837, and named for Nathaniel Macon, a Revolutionary War hero and North Carolina politician.
Calvary Catholic Cemetery (San Jose, California)
Calvary Catholic Cemetery is a Catholic cemetery, founded in 1882 in the Alum Rock neighborhood of San Jose, California. It is owned by the Catholic Funeral & Cemetery Services San José and sits on 16 acres (6.5 ha).

They host a Dia de Los Muertos (Day of the Dead) celebration annually.

Alum Rock, San Jose
Alum Rock (/ˈæləm/) is a district of San Jose, California, located in East San Jose. Formerly an independent town, it has been a neighborhood of San Jose since the 1950s, though some portions are still unincorporated as a census-designated place. Alum Rock is one of San Jose's most notable and historic Chicano/Mexican-American districts. It is home to Alum Rock Park, the oldest municipal park in California and one of the largest in the country.
Livingstone (film)
Livingstone aka Bula Matari is a 1925 British silent biographical film produced, directed by and starring M.A. Wetherell in the title role.  It also starred Molly Rogers and Henry Walton. It depicts the life of the African missionary David Livingstone including his efforts to end slavery and bring education in Africa and his celebrated meeting with Henry Morton Stanley.

Demographics of Africa
The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries. 
Total population as of 2017 is estimated at more than 1.25 billion, with a growth rate of more than 2.5% p.a. 
The most populous African country is Nigeria with 191 million inhabitants as of 2017 and a growth rate of 2.6% p.a.
Matrinia gens
The gens Matrinia was a plebeian family at Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned toward the end of the second century BC.  They belonged to the equestrian class.  Several of them are known through the writings of Cicero, while others are mentioned in inscriptions from Umbria and Etruria.

Etruria
Etruria (/ɪˈtrʊəriə/ ih-TROOR-ee-ə) was a region of Central Italy delimited by the rivers Arno and Tiber, an area that covered what is now most of Tuscany, northern Lazio, and north-western Umbria. It was inhabited by the Etruscans, an ancient civilization that flourished in the area from around the 8th century BC until they were assimilated into the Roman Republic in the 4th century BC.
Alex & Amie
Alex & Amie is a 2019 Philippine television comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mhyk Vergara and Michael Christian Cardoz, it stars Mikael Daez and Caprice Cayetano in the title role. It premiered on May 20, 2019 on the network's morning line up. The series concluded on May 31, 2019, with a total of 10 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Nitro Circus
Nitro Circus was an "action sport collective" led by Travis Pastrana, featuring his friends and him traveling around the world riding dirtbikes, BASE jumping, and performing stunts. Co-founded in 2003 by Pastrana, Nitro Circus became a media company that produces television programming, documentaries and the Nitro Circus Live tour. In 2016, the company introduced the Nitro World Games, an action sports competition designed around pushing progression in core action sports disciplines like FMX, BMX, skate and scooter.

Extreme sport
Action sports, adventure sports or extreme sports are activities perceived as involving a high degree of risk of injury or death. These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion and highly specialized gear. Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the same main attraction, "adrenaline rush" caused by an element of risk, and differ mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism.
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, is an innate escape behavior in marine and freshwater eucarid crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.

The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful thrusts that make the crustacean quickly swim backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Jahadabad, Ilam
Jahadabad (Persian: جهاداباد, also Romanized as Jahādābād) is a village in Aramu Rural District, in the Central District of Darreh Shahr County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 392, in 77 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Kurt Rudolf Fischer
Kurt Rudolf Fischer (February 26, 1922 – March 22, 2014) was a Jewish-Austrian philosopher who emigrated to Brno, Czechoslovakia, in 1938 and to Shanghai in 1940. He was born in Vienna.

He became Chinese boxing champion and started studying philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley after World War II, where he made friends with Paul Feyerabend. From 1967 to 1980 he was professor at Millersville University of Pennsylvania in Millersville, Pennsylvania. From 1979 - 2008 he was honorary professor at the University of Vienna.

Fischer was awarded the gold medal for Services to the City of Vienna in 2000 and in 2001. He also received the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class. He died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on March 22, 2014, at the age of 92.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Lisa Evans (playwright)
Lisa Evans is a British playwright and has been a Royal Literary Fund fellow at several universities.

She trained as an actor at Guildhall School of Music and Drama and performed in the United Kingdom and the United States before becoming a playwright.

Her work includes the stage adaptation of Melvyn Bragg's The Maid of Buttermere, and The Day the Waters Came, about the effects of Hurricane Katrina.

She has written for television including EastEnders, Holby City, Casualty, Peak Practice and The Bill. Her work for radio includes Stamping, Shouting and Singing Home (BBC Radio 4 Monday Play, 1987), Ring o'Roses (Afternoon Theatre, 1981) and Hanging Fire, about the Red Barn Murder (Monday Play, 1990).

She won the British Theatre Association award in 1986 for Under Exposure and in 1988 for The Red Chair, and the Writers' Guild award for best play for young audiences in 2011 for The Day the Waters Came and in 2017 for Rise Up.

Royal Literary Fund
The Royal Literary Fund (RLF) is a benevolent fund that gives assistance to published British writers in financial difficulties. Founded in 1790, and granted a royal charter in 1818, the Fund has helped an extensive roll of authors through its long history, from the most famous to the most obscure, whose cases are judged to be deserving. It also operates a Fellowship scheme, placing established writers in universities to encourage writing skills, and to monitor standards of writing in the higher education world.
Acclamation of Amador Bueno
The acclamation of Amador Bueno, or Amador Bueno's Revolt (Portuguese: Aclamação de Amador Bueno), was supposedly a nativist revolt orchestrated by Spanish colonists in São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga in 1641, shortly after the royal acclamation of John IV. It is considered the first nativist movement or the first gesture of autonomy in Colonial Brazil and, not coincidentally, took place in São Paulo, which at the time had limited contact with Portugal and extensive miscegenation between Portuguese, indigenous peoples, and foreigners.

Nativism (politics)
Nativism is the political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native-born or indigenous people over those of immigrants, including the support of anti-immigration and immigration-restriction measures.
Hot Stuff (1929 film)
Hot Stuff is a 1929 American sound part-talkie comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and written by Robert S. Carr, Humphrey Pearson, and Louis Stevens. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. According to the film review in Variety, 30 percent of the total running time featured dialogue. The sound was recorded via the Vitaphone sound-on-disc process. The film stars Alice White and features Louise Fazenda, William Bakewell, Doris Dawson, Ben Hall, and Charles Sellon. The film was released by First National Pictures on May 5, 1929.

The film's survival status is uncertain.

Mervyn LeRoy
Mervyn LeRoy (/ləˈrɔɪ/; October 15, 1900 – September 13, 1987) was an American film director and producer. During the 1930s, he was one of the two great practitioners of economical and effective film directing at Warner Brothers studios, the other being his colleague Michael Curtiz. LeRoy's most acclaimed films of his tenure at Warners include Little Caesar (1931), I Am a Fugitive From a Chain Gang (1932), Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933), Anthony Adverse (1936), and They Won't Forget (1937). LeRoy left Warners and moved to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios in 1939 to serve as both director and producer. He is best known for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.
Quiner
Quiner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Caroline Quiner (1839–1924), birth name of Caroline Ingalls, mother of Laura Ingalls Wilder

Joanna Quiner (1796–1868), American seamstress and sculptor

Caroline Ingalls
Caroline Lake Ingalls (/ˈɪŋɡəlz/), née  Quiner (December 12, 1839 – April 20, 1924), was an American schoolteacher who was the mother of Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of the Little House books. She is depicted as the character "Ma" in the books and the television series.
Gelsinger
Gelsinger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jesse Gelsinger (1981–1999), American, the first person publicly identified as having died in a clinical trial for gene therapy

Pat Gelsinger (born 1961), American author, CEO of Intel

Pat Gelsinger
Patrick Paul Gelsinger (/ˈɡɛlsɪŋɡər/; born March 5, 1961) is an American business executive and engineer. He served as chief executive officer (CEO) of Intel from February 2021 to December 2024.

Based mainly in Silicon Valley since the late 1970s, Gelsinger graduated from Stanford University with a master's degree in engineering in 1985 and was the chief architect of Intel's i486 microprocessor in the 1980s. He was Intel's CTO from 2001 to 2009. He left the company in 2009 and was the CEO of VMware and president and chief operating officer (COO) at EMC, before returning to Intel as CEO in February 2021. In 2024, he stepped down as CEO and from the board of directors.
Liberal Party (Utah)
The Liberal Party was a political party established in the latter half of the 1800s in Utah Territory before the national Democrats and Republicans established themselves in Utah in the early 1890s.

The Liberal Party formed in 1870 in opposition to the Latter-day Saints (Mormons) who were the majority of Utah’s population. In response, the Mormons formed the People's Party.

The Liberal Party won several local elections in Utah. Anti-Mormonism remained a central theme of the party until it disbanded in 1893 and was absorbed by the national parties.

Deseret News
The Deseret News (/ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ⓘ) is a US multi-platform newspaper based in Salt Lake City, published by Deseret News Publishing Company, a subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation, which is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Founded in 1850, it was the first newspaper to be published in Utah. The publication's name is from the geographic area of Deseret identified by Utah's pioneer settlers, and much of the publication's reporting is rooted in that region.

On January 1, 2021, the newspaper switched from a daily to a weekly print format while continuing to publish daily on the website and Deseret News app. As of 2024, Deseret News develops daily content for its website and apps, in addition to twice weekly print editions of the Deseret News Local Edition and a weekly edition of the Church News and Deseret News National Edition. The company also publishes 10 editions of Deseret Magazine per year.
Epipompilus
Epipompilus is a genus of spider wasps in the subfamily Pepsinae, part of the widespread family Pompilidae. Representatives of Epipompilus can be found in Australasia and North and South America. This distribution may indicate that Epipompilus evolved in Gondwana and is similar to other Gondwanan taxa such as the southern beech Nothofagus and Auracaria.

Epipompilus is found in North and South America, ranging from Argentina to extreme southern United States, with around a dozen known species. One species, E. insularis is endemic to New Zealand. In Australia, the genus reaches its greatest diversity, with a greater number of species and a more varied spectrum of morphological features than among the American species. The Epipompilus species in New Guinea are notably brilliantly coloured and apparently highly evolved species. The genus is restricted to these areas but several Tertiary fossils from the northern hemisphere should probably be placed in Epipompilus.

Tertiary period
The Tertiary (/ˈtɜːrʃəri/ TUR-shər-ee, US also /ˈtɜːrʃi.ɛri/ TUR-shee-err-ee) is an obsolete geologic period spanning 66 million to 2.6 or 1.8 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start of the Cenozoic Era, and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. The Tertiary has not been recognised by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) since the late 1980s, with the timespan of the Tertiary now being split into the earlier Paleogene and the more recent Neogene periods, though the Tertiary continues to be used in some scientific publications.