hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euphorbia sieboldiana
Euphorbia sieboldiana, the Siebold's spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to eastern Asia, where it is found in China, Japan, Korea, and eastern Russia. Its natural habitat is in grassy areas and forest margins. It is a common species in Japan.

It is an rhizomatous perennial growing to 70 cm tall. It produces small flowers in compact pseudoumbels. These lack petal-like appendages. This species can be readily identified by the horn-like projections on the glands of the involucre. Blooming time is in spring and early summer.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Manslaughter of Joanne Rand
Joanne Rand (1969/70 – 14 June 2017) was a 47-year-old mother-of-three from Marlow in the English county of Buckinghamshire, who died several days after becoming the victim of an acid attack on 3 June 2017. Rand was sitting on a bench when she was sprayed with high strength sulphuric acid during a fight between Xeneral Webster, a teenager from East Acton, and another man in High Wycombe. After being treated in hospital for burns, she developed septicaemia, and died from multiple organ failure eleven days later. Webster was subsequently arrested and charged with Rand's murder, but pleaded guilty to manslaughter at his trial in April 2018. In July 2018 he was sentenced to 17 years in prison with an extended licence period of three years after his release. The case is the first instance of a criminal conviction for an acid killing in the United Kingdom.

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring immediate medical intervention.

There are different stages of organ dysfunction for certain different organs, both in acute and in chronic onset, whether or not there are one or more organs affected. Each stage of dysfunction (whether it be the heart, lung, liver, or kidney) has defined parameters, in terms of laboratory values based on blood and other tests, as to what it is (each of these organs' levels of failure is divided into stage I, II, III, IV, and V). The word "failure" is commonly used to refer to the later stages, especially IV and V, when artificial support usually becomes necessary to sustain life; the damage may or may not be fully or partially reversible.
Cerefolin
Cerefolin is a prescription medication made by Pamlab that contains 5.635 mg of folate as L-methylfolate, 1 mg of vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin, 50 mg of vitamin B2 as riboflavin, and 5 mg of vitamin B6 as pyridoxine.  It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment or prevention of vitamin deficiencies.

"Cerefolin NAC" contains L-methylfolate (as Metafolin) 5.6 mg, methylcobalamin 2 mg, N-acetylcysteine 600 mg.

Methylcobalamin
Methylcobalamin (mecobalamin, MeCbl, or MeB12) is a cobalamin, a form of vitamin B12. It differs from cyanocobalamin in that the cyano group at the cobalt is replaced with a methyl group. Methylcobalamin features an octahedral cobalt(III) centre and can be obtained as bright red crystals.  From the perspective of coordination chemistry, methylcobalamin is notable as a rare example of a compound that contains metal–alkyl bonds. Nickel–methyl intermediates have been proposed for the final step of methanogenesis.
Jani Elelbawi
Jani Elelbawi (Arabic: جني العلباوي)  is a Syrian village located in Uqayribat Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jani Elelbawi had a population of 835 in the 2004 census. Jani Elelbawi was captured by Syrian Army on 22 August 2017.

Salamiyah District
Salamiyah (Arabic: سلمية Salamīya) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 187,123. Its administrative district is the city of Salamiyah.
Oleksandr Chyzhov
Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Chyzhov (Ukrainian: Олександр Олександрович Чижов; born 10 August 1986) is a Ukrainian retired footballer who played as a defender. On August 20, 2024, he became the assistant head coach of Metalist 1925 Kharkiv in Patrick van Leeuwen's coaching staff. On May 20, 2025, after van Leeuwen was removed from his position, Chizhov became the caretaker of Metalist 1925.

Ukrainian Super Cup
The Ukrainian Super Cup (Ukrainian: Суперкубок України) is an association football game of the Ukrainian Premier League in traditional super cup format that acts as the grand-opening for every new football competition season in Ukraine. Originally it was set as a contest between the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Championship and Ukrainian Cup. From 2008 through 2014, it was branded as the Inter Super Cup of Ukraine, in 2017 – Super Cup Fokstrot.

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the competition is currently suspended.
David Roberts (pole vaulter)
David Luther Roberts (born July 23, 1951) is an American retired pole vaulter and practicing physician. He won a silver medal at the 1971 Pan America Games and a bronze at the 1976 Olympics. Domestically he held the NCAA title in 1971–1973 and the AAU title in 1972 and 1974. He set two world records, in 1975 and 1976.

During the 1976 U.S. Olympic Trials, Roberts broke his pole. His rival and then world record holder Earl Bell lent him his pole, and Roberts won the Trials with a new world record of 5.70 m. At the Olympics, he and two other athletes cleared 5.50 m. He passed at 5.55 m and his rivals failed to clear that height. He was unable to clear the next height at 5.60 m, as it had begun to rain.  He finished third on the attempts count.

Roberts graduated from Rice University in 1974. He graduated from the University of Florida College of Medicine in 1979, and is currently an assistant clinical professor of emergency medicine at that institution.

Men's pole vault world record progression
The first world record in the men's pole vault was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1912.

As of April 20, 2024, 80 world records have been ratified by the IAAF (now World Athletics) in the event. Since 2000, World Athletics makes no distinction between indoor and outdoor settings when establishing pole vault world records. This new rule was not applied retroactively. The introduction in the early 1950s of flexible vaulting poles made from composites such as fiberglass or carbon fiber allowed vaulters to achieve greater height. The present record of 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in) was set by Armand Duplantis, competing at the 2025 World Athletics Championships in Tokyo, Japan.
Isodesmic crystal
An isodesmic crystal is a crystal in which all the bonds have the same electrostatic valency. This means that all the bonds are of the same strength. Diamonds and halite have isodesmic crystals. The opposite of an isodesmic crystal is an anisodesmic crystal, in which anions more strongly bonded to central coordinating cation. Graphite is an example of an anisodesmic crystal.

Graphite
Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/) is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.  Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3 million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's low cost, thermal and chemical inertness and characteristic conductivity of heat and electricity finds numerous applications in high energy and high temperature processes.
Artoon
Artoon Co., Ltd. (株式会社アートゥーン Kabushiki-Gaisha Ātūn) was a Japanese video game developer established in 1999 by former Sega members, namely Naoto Ohshima and Yoji Ishii. The studio was primarily affiliated in the United States with projects on Microsoft's Xbox and Xbox 360, although they had also worked with Hudson Soft and Nintendo on other platforms.

Artoon was situated in Yokohama, Kanagawa, with a secondary office in Naha, Okinawa. It became a subsidiary of AQ Interactive in May 2004, and was fully acquired in June 2005. Around 2010, Artoon, along with AQ's other development studios Feelplus and Cavia, were absorbed into AQ.

Naha
Naha (Japanese: 那覇市, Hepburn: Naha-shi; Japanese: [naꜜ.ha, na.haꜜ.ɕi]; Okinawan: Naafa or Nafa) is the capital city of Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city has an estimated population of 317,405 and a population density of 7,939 people per km2 (20,562 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 39.98 km2 (15.44 sq mi).

Naha is located on the East China Sea coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island, the largest of Okinawa Prefecture. The modern city was officially founded on May 20, 1921. Before that, Naha had been for centuries one of the most important and populous sites in Okinawa.

Naha is the political, economic and educational center of Okinawa Prefecture. In the medieval and early modern periods, it was the commercial center of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Peglerochaete
Peglerochaete is a genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Peglerochaete setiger, found in the Indian state Sikkim and reported as new to science in 1983.

The genus name of Pegleromyces is in honour of David Pegler (b.1938), who is a British mycologist.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
KIIT Group of Institutions
KIIT Group of Institutions is a private university in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It includes KIIT University, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences and other institutes.

Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences
Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS), informally KISS University, is a higher education institute deemed-to-be-university located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It was established in 1993 as a residential tribal school and became a deemed-to-be-university in 2017.
Steph Stokes
Mary Stephanie "Steph" Stokes (also Turner and Forsythe) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Emmerdale. She was played by Lorraine Chase for a period of four years between 2002 and 2006. It was announced on 12 September 2013 that Steph would return for a guest appearance, which she did on 30 October 2013.

Nick Brimble
Nicholas Brimble (born 22 July 1944) is an English actor whose long career has spanned theatre, television, film, and voice work. He is perhaps best known for playing Horst in Crossbow (1987-1989), the monster in Frankenstein Unbound (1990), Little John in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) and Jack Chapman in Grantchester (2014-present).
Krag I cabinet
The first cabinet of Jens Otto Krag was the government of Denmark from 3 September 1962 to 26 September 1964, headed by Jens Otto Krag as prime minister, and succeeded Viggo Kampmann's second cabinet when Kampmann stepped down due to poor health. The cabinet consisted of the Social Democrats and Social Liberal Party.

Jens Otto Krag
Jens Otto Krag (Danish pronunciation: [ˈjens ˈʌtsʰo ˈkʰʁɑˀw]; 15 September 1914 – 22 June 1978) was a Danish politician, who served as the prime minister of Denmark from 1962 to 1968 and again from 1971 to 1972, and as leader of the Social Democrats from 1962 to 1972. He was president of the Nordic Council in 1971.
Thibault Tricole
Thibault Tricole (born 11 October 1989) is a French professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Nicknamed "the French Touch", Tricole was the runner-up at the 2022 WDF World Championship, where he lost to Neil Duff in the final. Regarded as the best French player in the sport's history, he is the holder of several milestones for French darts: the first French player to reach a World Championship final, the first French player to compete at the PDC World Championship, and the first French player to win a match on the PDC European Tour. He was also the second French player to earn a PDC Tour Card after Jacques Labre.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Scirpophaga percna
Scirpophaga percna is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Ian Francis Bell Common in 1960. It is found on Sulawesi, on New Guinea and northern Australia, where it has been recorded from the Northern Territory and Queensland.

The wingspan is 22–25 mm for males and 24–37 mm for females.

The larvae feed on Saccharum species and possibly Eleocharis dulcis. They bore into the stems of their host plant.

Saccharum
Saccharum is a genus of tall perennial plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family.

The genus is widespread across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia, the Americas, and assorted oceanic islands. Several species are cultivated and naturalized in areas outside their native habitats.

Saccharum includes the sugarcanes. They have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are generally rich in sugar, and measure two to six m (6 to 19 ft) tall. All sugarcane species interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.
Tatsuno, Hyōgo
Tatsuno (たつの市, Tatsuno-shi) is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2022, the city had an estimated population of 74,414 in 31119 households and a population density of 6200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 210.87 square kilometres (81.42 sq mi).

The city's name is spelled "たつの", using hiragana, but the name of Tatsuno Station uses the kanji characters "竜野", while the historic name for the place uses the characters "龍野." According to the Harima no Kuni Fudoki, the origin of the name "Tatsuno" was that upon the death of Nomi no Sukune in Ibo District (now in the city of Tatsuno), many came from Izumo and used rock from the Ibo River to make a grave, standing stones in a row on the plain. Thus, it was called "立野", with characters meaning "stand" and "plain", from which it is thought to have changed to "龍野". Nomi no Sukune Shrine is located at the place said to be his grave.

Fudoki
Fudoki (風土記) are ancient reports on provincial culture, geography, and oral tradition presented to the reigning monarchs of Japan, also known as local gazetteers. They contain agricultural, geographical, and historical records as well as mythology and folklore. Fudoki manuscripts also document local myths, rituals, and poems that are not mentioned in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki chronicles, which are the most important literature of the ancient national mythology and history. In the course of national unification, the imperial court enacted a series of criminal and administrative codes called ritsuryō and surveyed the provinces established by such codes to exert greater control over them.
1924 Fordham Maroon football team
The 1924 Fordham Maroon football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In its fifth season under coach Frank Gargan, Fordham compiled a 6–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 148 to 53. Fordham's media guide claims an additional three victories for a 9–2 record, but no contemporaneous record has been found of those games.

1924 college football season
The 1924 college football season was the year of the Four Horsemen as the Notre Dame team, coached by Knute Rockne, won all of its games, including the Rose Bowl, to be acclaimed as the best team in the nation.  Notre Dame and Stanford were both unbeaten at season's end, with the Fighting Irish winning the Rose Bowl contest 27–10. The Penn Quakers were retroactively awarded a national championship by Parke H. Davis.

Red Grange's Illinois team upset Michigan. The Illini were upset by Minnesota, which in turn was upset by Vanderbilt. Fred Russell's Fifty Years of Vanderbilt Football dubs 1924 "the most eventful season in the history of Vanderbilt football." Centre claimed a southern title in its last season of national relevance, upsetting Wallace Wade's first SoCon champion Alabama team. Alabama did not lose another game until 1927.
1956 in Michigan
Events from the year 1956 in Michigan.

The major stories of 1956 in Michigan included: (1) tornado outbreaks that struck western Michigan on April 2 and central and eastern Michigan on May 12; (2) the November 6 elections in which Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower won Michigan's 20 electoral votes while Democrat G. Mennen Williams won re-election to a fifth term as Governor of Michigan; and (3) a slowdown in automobile production after reaching record levels in 1955.

John Fetzer
John Earl Fetzer (March 25, 1901 – February 20, 1991) was an American radio and television executive who was best known as the part-owner of the Detroit Tigers from 1956 to 1961 and sole owner from 1961 through 1983. Under his ownership, the 1968 Tigers won the World Series.
June 1856 Sydney Hamlets colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Sydney Hamlets on 17 June 1856 because Stuart Donaldson was appointed Colonial Secretary forming the Donaldson ministry. Under the constitution, ministers were required to resign to recontest their seats in a by-election when appointed. Of the other ministers, John Darvall comfortably won the by-election for Cumberland North Riding. Thomas Holt (Stanley Boroughs) and Bob Nichols (Northumberland Boroughs) were re-elected unopposed. William Manning was not required to resign as he held the office of Solicitor-General at the time of his election.

Electoral district of Sydney Hamlets
Sydney Hamlets was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the British colony of New South Wales created in 1856 and abolished in 1859. The district was established in 1856 with the new parliament, consisting of the elected Legislative Assembly and an appointed Legislative Council, which replaced the unicameral Legislative Council in which 36 of the 54 members were elected and the other 18 were appointed
Ta mig tillbaka
"Ta mig tillbaka" ("Take Me Back") is a song by Swedish singer Darin, released in March 2015 as the lead single from his seventh studio album Fjärilar i magen. The song was written by Darin, Ollie Olson and David Lindgren Zacharias and recorded at Atlantis Studio in Stockholm.

Fjärilar i magen
Fjärilar i magen (English translation: Butterflies in the stomach) is the seventh studio album by Swedish singer/songwriter Darin, released on 25 September 2015 by his own record label Dex Music and distributed by Sony Music. It is the first album by Darin to entirely consist of Swedish songs. The album peaked at number one on the Swedish Albums Chart and was certified platinum.

The album was inspired by folk-music, a genre that marked new territory for Darin. Fjärilar i magen was recorded at the Atlantis Studios in Stockholm.
Manning rule
The term Manning rule is the informal name for a financial industry rule in the United States: Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) regulation, Rule 5320. It prohibits a FINRA member firm from placing the firm's interest before/above the financial interests of a client. For example, when a securities firm is holding a customer limit order (an instruction to buy or sell securities at a certain price), the firm cannot ignore that order and cannot trade for their account using a price that would satisfy the customer's limit order without executing the customer limit order.

The rule is applicable both in normal trading hours and in the extended hours trading sessions.

The rule is named after William Manning, a co-founder of Manning & Napier (an investment management firm), who has been an advocate for investor protection.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private American corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization (SRO) that regulates member brokerage firms and exchange markets. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) as well as to the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the New York Stock Exchange.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the federal government agency that serves as the ultimate regulator of the United States securities industry, including oversight of FINRA.
Loingsech mac Óengusso
Loingsech mac Óengusso (died 703) was an Irish king who was High King of Ireland. Loingsech was a member of the northern Cenél Conaill branch of the Uí Néill. Although his father Óengus (died 650) had not been High King, his grandfather Domnall mac Áedo (died 642) had been.

Uí Néill
The Uí Néill (pronounced [iː ˈnʲeːl̠ʲ]; meaning "descendants of Niall") are Irish dynasties that claim descent from Niall Noígíallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a historical King of Tara who is believed to have died around c. 405. They are generally divided into the Northern and Southern Uí Néill.