hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is a senior official in the civil service of the United Kingdom. As a principal private secretary, they are traditionally responsible for running the prime minister's private office in 10 Downing Street. In the Civil Service, the role is currently graded as director general.

The current principal private secretary is Dan York-Smith.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.
Backa, Gothenburg
Backa  also known as Hisings Backa is a suburb in Gothenburg, and was one of Gothenburg’s 20 districts. On January 1, 2011 Backa merged with two other districts of Gothenburg, Kärra-Rödbo and Tuve-Säve, to form the district of Norra Hisingen. This change was part of a larger reorganisation, reducing the number of districts in Gothenburg from 20 to 10.

Million Programme
The Million Programme (Swedish: Miljonprogrammet) was a large public housing program implemented in Sweden between 1965 and 1974 by the governing Swedish Social Democratic Party to ensure the availability of affordable, high-quality housing to all Swedish citizens. The program sought to construct one million new housing dwellings over a ten-year period, which it accomplished. As part of its intention to modernize Swedish housing, it also demolished many older buildings that national and local governments considered obsolescent, unhealthy or derelict.

At the time, the intention to build one million new homes in a nation with a population of eight million made the Million Programme the most ambitious building programme in the world. In contrast to the social housing proposals of many other developed countries, which is targeted at those with low incomes, the Million Programme was a universal program intended to provide housing to Swedish people at a variety of income levels.
Hatna Pur railway station
Hatna Pur railway station is a railway station of Bhopal–Nagpur section under Nagpur CR railway division of West Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. The station is situated at Hatna Pur, Kolhaya, Multai tehsil in Betul district of Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Betul district
Betul district (Hindi pronunciation: [bɛːt̪uːl]) is a district in the southern part of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Betul serves as its administrative headquarters. The district is a part of Narmadapuram Division.

The district lies along the Satpura Range bordering the Narmada Valley and Berar Plains. The district has much religious significance, namely the source of the Tapti River at Multai and the Jain temples of Muktagiri.
Graham Howells
Graham Howells is a Welsh illustrator and children's author. Howells was born in Antwerp, Belgium, and lived in Bahrain, Malaysia, Singapore, and Germany, before moving to Pembrokeshire, west Wales.

He has illustrated books for many other authors in Europe and the US, as well as writing and illustrating his own. His preferred themes are myth and magic, and many of his books are available in both Welsh and English. He has also produced artwork for animation and board games.

Howells won the 2009 English Tir na n-Og Award for his book Merlin’s Magical Creatures (Pont Books).

Pont Books
Pont Books ("pont" being the Welsh word for bridge) is the name of the imprint for young people published by Gomer Press, the largest independent publishing house in Wales. Pont Books was launched in 1991. The logo shows its intention of building bridges between young people in Wales, whatever their background and whichever languages they speak. Pont publications are all in English but there is always a strong Welsh connection.

Seven years running to 2012, books published by Pont have won the Tir na n-Og Award by the Welsh Books Council, in the English-language category which recognises the year's best book with "authentic Welsh background". That streak begins and ends (so far) with Jennifer Sullivan.
Abhay Singh (squash player)
Abhay Singh (born 3 September 1998) is an Indian squash player and a member of the national team. He is a World Cup and Asian Games gold medalist, and a five-time Asian Champion. As of December 2025, he is ranked 29th in the world.

Men's Squash World Rankings
The Men's Squash World Rankings are the official world rankings for men's squash. The ranking is to rate the performance level of male professional squash players. It is also a merit-based method used for determining entry and seeding in men's squash tournaments. The rankings have been produced monthly then weekly since 29 August 2022.
Swain County High School
Swain County High School is a public high school located in Bryson City, North Carolina. Swain County High School is a part of the Swain County School System.  It is the only 9–12 high school in the county.

It serves all areas of the county except for portions in the Eastern Cherokee Reservation, which are served by Cherokee Central Schools.

Cherokee Central Schools
Cherokee Central Schools (Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏚᏓᏥᏍᎬᎢ tsalagi tsunadeloquasdi dudatsisgvi) is a school district in Cherokee, North Carolina, consisting of a single campus holding buildings serving grades K-12 and the administration office. The schools are a K-5 elementary school, a 6-8 middle school, and a 9-12 high school (Cherokee High School). The Ravensford Campus, the academic campus, occupies much of the historic Ravensford archaeological site. In 1987–88, the elementary school was recognized as a Blue Ribbon School.

It geographically covers the Qualla Boundary, the Eastern Band Cherokee reserve, both in Swain County and in Jackson County.

Its campuses operate under association with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE).
Valery Chaplygin
Valery Andreyevich Chaplygin (Russian: Валерий Андреевич Чаплыгин; born 23 May 1952) is a Soviet cyclist. He was part of the Soviet team that won the 100 km team time trial at the 1976 Summer Olympics and 1977 UCI Road World Championships and finished second at the world championships in 1974 and 1975. He also won three Peace Races in the team competition (1975, 1977 and 1980).

Individually, he finished in 39th place in the road race at the 1976 Olympics, and won several international races during his career.

After retirement in 1982 he worked as a cycling coach, and between 1982 and 1985 trained the national team. He then worked at sports club Dynamo, and between 1999 and 2001 was responsible for sports in the administration of Kursk Oblast. Starting from 2005 he competed in cycling in the masters category and taught at the Kursk Technical University. He was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour (1976).

Peace Race
The Peace Race (German: Friedensfahrt, Czech: Závod míru, Slovak: Preteky mieru, Russian: Велогонка Мира (Velogonka Mira), Polish: Wyścig Pokoju [ˈvɨɕt͡ɕik pɔˈkɔju], French: Course de la Paix, Italian: Corsa della Pace, Romanian: Cursa Păcii) was a cycling race that was established as the largest event in Eastern Europe after the Second World War. It ended in 2006. A competition resembling the original was reactivated in the Czech Republic in 2013.
Duane Ilstrup
Duane M. Ilstrup (born July 1, 1946) is an American medical statistician and the highly cited author or co-author of over 500 scientific articles. He worked at the Mayo Clinic from 1970 until 2003, and also became an associate professor of biostatistics at Mayo Medical School.

Ilstrup was born in Buffalo, Minnesota. He obtained a B.A. in mathematics and physics from Augsburg College in 1968 and a master's degree in biometry from the University of Minnesota in 1970.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine
The Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (MCASOM), formerly known as Mayo Medical School (MMS), is a research-oriented medical school based in Rochester, Minnesota, with additional campuses in Arizona and Florida. MCASOM is a school within the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science (MCCMS), the education division of the Mayo Clinic. It grants the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree, accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC) and the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). In November 2018, the school was renamed in honor of a $200 million donation from businessman Jay Alix.
Lloyd Kazapua
Lloyd Junior Jaseuavi Kazapua (born 25 March 1989) is a Namibian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for South African Premier Division club Sekhukhune United and the Namibia national team.

Sekhukhune United F.C.
Sekhukhune United F.C. is a South African soccer club from Burgersfort, Sekhukhune District, Limpopo, that plays in the South African Premiership. Formed when the owner of African All Stars, playing in the SAFA Second Division, purchased the National First Division licence from Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila and moved the club to Limpopo. In its inaugural season, it won the 2020–21 National First Division, earning promotion to the 2021–22 South African Premiership. Although the club is from Burgersfort, it plays its home games at Peter Mokaba Stadium in Polokwane.

The club finished 11th in its first season in the top tier, 7th in its second season, and reached the final of the 2022–23 Nedbank Cup.
Andi LeBeau
Andrea "Andi" LeBeau (née Clifford) is an American Democratic politician who served in the Wyoming House of Representatives representing District 33 from 2019 to 2023. Prior to her election, Clifford served as a Fremont County Commissioner.

Wyoming's 33rd House of Representatives district
Wyoming's 33rd House of Representatives district is one of 62 districts in the Wyoming House of Representatives. The district encompasses part of Fremont County. It is represented by Democratic Representative Ivan Posey of Fort Washakie.

In 1992, the state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.
CPM-GOMS
CPM-GOMS is a variation of the GOMS technique in human computer interaction.  CPM-GOMS stands for two things:  Cognitive Perceptual Motor and the project planning technique Critical Path Method (from which it borrows some elements).

Critical path method
The critical path method (CPM), or critical path analysis (CPA), is an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities. A critical path is determined by identifying the longest stretch of dependent activities and measuring the time required to complete them from start to finish. It is commonly used in conjunction with the program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
Pasley baronets
The Pasley Baronetcy, of Craig in the County of Dumfries, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 1 September 1794 for the prominent Scottish naval commander Thomas Pasley, with remainder to the male issue of his daughters. On his death in 1808 he was succeeded according to the special remainder by his grandson Thomas Sabine, who the following year assumed by Royal Licence the surname of Pasley in lieu of his patronymic; he was also a distinguished naval commander. The fifth Baronet was a literary scholar. The family surname is pronounced "Paisley".

Hereditary title
Hereditary titles, in a general sense, are nobility titles, positions or styles that are hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families.

Though both monarchs and nobles usually inherit their titles, the mechanisms often differ, even in the same country. The British crown has been inheritable by women since the medieval era (in the absence of brothers), while the vast majority of hereditary noble titles granted by British sovereigns are not inheritable by daughters.
HNLMS Jacob van Heemskerck (1906)
HNLMS Jacob van Heemskerck (Dutch: Hr.Ms. Jacob van Heemskerck) was a unique coastal defence ship of the Royal Netherlands Navy built by the Rijkswerf in Amsterdam. She was among the ships send to patrol the Venezuelan coast during the Second Castro Crisis. After her active career she was rebuilt into a stationary battery ship and recommissioned. During World War II she was captured by the invading German forces and converted in an anti-aircraft battery. After the war the ship was recovered and given back to the Netherlands, to be converted to an accommodation ship.

IJmuiden
IJmuiden (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛiˈmœydə(n)]) is a port town in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is the main town in the municipality of Velsen which lies mainly to the south-east. Including its large sea locks, it straddles the mouth of the North Sea Canal to Amsterdam. To the south it abuts a large reserve of plant-covered dunes, the Zuid-Kennemerland National Park. The town is on the south bank; the north bank is otherwise a steel plant and Velsen-Noord.

It is 10 kilometres (6 mi) north northwest of Haarlem which is 18 kilometres (11 mi) due west of Amsterdam.

The port is a deepwater port suited to fully laden Panamax ships, and the fourth port of the Netherlands.

The internal capitalization within IJmuiden as IJ is a digraph in modern Dutch with an exceptional spelling convention. Also, in some typefaces, IJ is recognised as a ligature and is placed in one typed or handwritten space.
Adriana Live! Tour
Adriana Live! was a two-day concert tour by American soul/jazz singer-songwriter Adriana Evans, and featured special guest soul singer, Hilz (formerly of Hil St. Soul). Evans performed songs from her latest album, Walking with the Night and a selection of songs from previous album's El Camino Adriana Evans and Nomadic.

Nomadic (Adriana Evans album)
Nomadic is the second studio album by American neo soul singer Adriana Evans, released in March 2004 on the independent label Next Thing. The album featured two singles, "Remember the Love" and "7 Days". Nomadic was re-issued in 2009 with enhanced media ("7 Days" music video). The lead single, "Remember the Love", was used as the theme song for Logo's TV series, Noah's Arc and is featured on its soundtrack album.
Chicago Surrealist Group
The Chicago Surrealist Group was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in July 1966 by Franklin Rosemont, Penelope Rosemont, Bernard Marszalek, Tor Faegre and Robert Green after a trip to Paris in 1965, during which they were in contact with André Breton. Its initial members came from far-left or anarchist backgrounds and had already participated in groups IWW (calling themselves the Rebel Worker Group and putting out a magazine called the Rebel Worker) and SDS; indeed, the Chicago group edited an issue of Radical America, the SDS journal, and the SDS printshop printed some of the group's first publications.

Students for a Democratic Society
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States during the 1960s and was one of the principal representations of the New Left. Disdaining permanent leaders, hierarchical relationships and parliamentary procedure, the founders conceived of the organization as a broad exercise in "participatory democracy". From its launch in 1960, it grew rapidly in the course of the tumultuous decade, with over 300 campus chapters and 30,000 supporters recorded nationwide by its last national convention in 1969. The organization splintered at that convention amidst rivalry between factions seeking to impose national leadership and direction, and disputing "revolutionary" positions on, among other issues, the Vietnam War and Black Power.

A new national network for left-wing student organizing, also calling itself Students for a Democratic Society, was founded in 2006.
Sir James Bond, 1st Baronet
Sir James Bond, 1st Baronet (11 June 1744 – 2 June 1820) was an Irish Member of Parliament of Anglo-Irish descent.

He was the son of the Rev. James Bond (died 1762), a minister at Corboy in County Longford by his wife Catherine, daughter of the Rev. Thomas Wensley, of Lifford, County Donegal. On 27 July 1770 he was married to Anne Hornby, the daughter of William Hornby, who would later serve as Governor of Bombay; they had several children and died on 3 July 1809. Bond sat in the Irish House of Commons as Member for Naas from 1790 to 1797, and on 21 January 1794, he was created a baronet, of Coolamber in County Longford, in the Baronetage of Ireland. At his death the baronetcy was inherited by his second son, Thomas, as his eldest, James Hornby Bond, had died in 1792.

Naas (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
Naas was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons to 1801. The Parliament of Ireland merged with the Parliament of Great Britain to form the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 1 January 1801. Thereafter Naas was represented by the Members for Kildare.
Jüri Pertmann
Jüri Pertmann (13 July 1938 – 11 July 2019) was an Estonian anti-Soviet dissident, independence activist, psychologist and civil servant. He was chairman of the Memento Union. After Estonia had restored independence in 1991, he served as head of the Tartu County branch of the Estonian Citizenship and Migration Board in 1994–2004.

Citizenship and Migration Board (Estonia)
The Citizenship and Migration Board (CMB) was a government agency in Estonia under the Ministry of Internal Affairs that was in charge of enforcing regulations concerning immigration and nationality. In 2010, it was merged with other agencies and formed Police and Border Guard Board.
Gimnasio Universitario UACJ
Gimnasio Universitario UACJ is a 4,347-seat indoor arena located in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. It was built in 1985 and is home to the Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez basketball and volleyball teams.

Most of the fixed seating is at the upper level, 3,003 in all, with the remaining 1,344 in the lower level. In addition to sports —lucha libre, boxing and other sporting events have been held here – the Gimnasio has also been used for graduation ceremonies, political rallies, religious crusades and concerts, although in recent years other venues, including Estadio Cohen and the Nova Luna nightclub, both in El Paso, Texas, are becoming preferred stops for concerts by Mexican recording acts.  Its maximum concert capacity is 6,000. Gloria Trevi, Alicia Villarreal, Pedro Fernández, Lupita D'Alessio, and Pepe Aguilar, among others, have performed here.

Pepe Aguilar
José Antonio Aguilar Jiménez (born 7 August 1968), better known as Pepe Aguilar, is a Mexican singer. Born to famous singer-actors and musicians Antonio Aguilar and Flor Silvestre, he accompanied them on tour and played his first concert at the age of three, joining his father onstage at Madison Square Garden in New York City. He does the same with his own children, Leonardo Aguilar and Ángela Aguilar, who have also continued in the steps of their father and grandparents.

Aguilar has sold over 13 million albums worldwide. His work has earned him four Grammy Awards, five Latin Grammy Awards, nineteen Lo Nuestro Awards, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Serre's criterion for normality
In commutative algebra, Serre's criterion for normality, introduced by Jean-Pierre Serre, gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a commutative Noetherian ring A to be a normal ring. The criterion involves the following two conditions for A:

is a regular local ring for any prime ideal  of height ≤ k.

for any prime ideal .

The statement is:

A is a reduced ring  hold.

A is a normal ring  hold.

A is a Cohen–Macaulay ring  hold for all k.

Items 1, 3 trivially follow from the definitions. Item 2 is much deeper.

For an integral domain, the criterion is due to Krull. The general case is due to Serre.

Total ring of fractions
In abstract algebra, the total quotient ring or total ring of fractions is a construction that generalizes the notion of the field of fractions of an integral domain to commutative rings R that may have zero divisors. The construction embeds R in a larger ring, giving every non-zero-divisor of R an inverse in the larger ring.  If the homomorphism from R to the new ring is to be injective, no further elements can be given an inverse.
Reese's Cupfusion
Reese's Cupfusion is a shooting interactive dark ride that began operation on Saturday May 25, 2019 at Hersheypark. The ride features a turbulent journey through the Reese’s Central to stop Mint and his misfit candies from stealing the Crystal Cup that collects Reese’s Spirit. It was conceptualized and designed by Raven Sun Creative and is being built by Sally Corporation, the same manufacturer as that of Reese's Cupfusion's predecessor, Reese's Xtreme Cup Challenge, which closed on September 3, 2018.

Sally Corporation
Sally Corporation (also known as Sally Dark Rides) is a dark ride and animatronic manufacturing company based in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. The company serves amusement parks, attractions, museums, and retail clients worldwide. It offers complete design/build services from concept to installation, including scripting, audio and music production, props and sets, lighting and special effects, electronics, and project management.
Arva Road railway station
Arva Road railway station in County Cavan, Ireland was a former station on the Killashandra branch of the Midland Great Western Railway, Ireland.

The Ordnance Survey of Ireland Discovery Series 1:50,000 map no. 34 shows the station locale.

Midland Great Western Railway
The Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR) was the third largest Irish gauge (1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)) railway company in Ireland. It was incorporated in 1845 and absorbed into the Great Southern Railways in 1924. At its peak the MGWR had a network of 538 miles (866 km), making it Ireland's third largest network after the Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) and the Great Northern Railway of Ireland.

The MGWR served part of Leinster, County Cavan in Ulster and much of Connacht. Its network was entirely within what in 1922 became the Irish Free State.
Tiba Outlet Mall
Tiba Outlet Mall is  the first outlet mall built in Egypt as part of Nasr City in Cairo.  It was opened in 2011. The 30,850 sq ft (2,866 m2) mall contains more than 34 retail outlets, an amusement park, dining and entertainment, a cinema along with an underground parking garage capable of holding 107 vehicles, and a Carrefour supermarket.

Outlet store
An outlet store, factory outlet or factory store is a brick and mortar or online store where manufacturers sell their merchandise directly to the public. Products at outlet stores are usually sold at reduced prices compared to regular stores due to being overstock, closeout, returned, factory seconds, or lower-quality versions manufactured specifically for outlets. Traditionally, a factory outlet was a store attached to a factory or warehouse, sometimes allowing customers to watch the production process, such as in the original L.L. Bean store. In modern usage, outlet stores are typically manufacturer-branded stores such as Gap or Bon Worth grouped together in outlet malls. The invention of the factory outlet store is often credited to Harold Alfond, founder of the Dexter Shoe Company.
Soggadu (2005 film)
Soggadu (transl. Charmer) is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language romance film produced by D. Suresh on Suresh Productions banner. Directed by Ravi Babu, it stars Tarun and Aarthi Agarwal in lead roles. Venkatesh, Srikanth, Shriya Saran and Sumanth make special appearances. Soggadu won good critical appreciation and technical acclaim for the director Ravi Babu.

Tarun (Telugu actor)
Tarun Kumar (born 8 January 1981) is an Indian actor known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema, with appearances in a few Tamil and Malayalam films.

Tarun began his career as a child actor and received the National Film Award for Best Child Artist for his performance in Anjali (1990), directed by Mani Ratnam. He has also won the Nandi Award for Best Child Actor three times.

He made his debut as a lead actor with Nuvve Kavali (2000) and starred in successful films like Priyamaina Neeku (2001), Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu (2002), Punnagai Desam (2002), Nuvve Nuvve (2002), Ninne Ishtapaddanu (2003), and Nava Vasantham (2007).