hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norm (group)
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, the norm of a group is the intersection of the normalizers of all its subgroups. This is also termed the Baer norm, after Reinhold Baer.

The following facts are true for the Baer norm:

It is a characteristic subgroup.

It contains the center of the group.

It is contained inside the second term of the upper central series.

It is a Dedekind group, so is either abelian or has a direct factor isomorphic to the quaternion group.

If it contains an element of infinite order, then it is equal to the center of the group.

Reinhold Baer
Reinhold Baer (22 July 1902 – 22 October 1979) was a German mathematician, known for his work in algebra. He introduced injective modules in 1940.  He is the eponym of Baer rings, Baer groups, and Baer subplanes.
Ranoidea vagitus
Ranoidea vagitus, the wailing frog, is a species of tree frog occupying the arid and monsoonal Kimberley (Western Australia) region.  It is a ground dweller, which evades dry periods by burrowing and hibernating - emerging to breed during floods.

It was first described as Cyclorana vagitus in 1981 by Tyler, Davies and Martin. It was transferred to the genus Ranoidea in 2016 by Dubois and Frétey.

Tree frog
A tree frog (or treefrog) is any species of frog that spends a major portion of its lifespan in trees, known as an arboreal state. Several lineages of frogs among the Neobatrachia suborder have given rise to treefrogs, although they are not closely related to each other.

Millions of years of convergent evolution have resulted in very similar morphology even in species that are not very closely related.
Furthermore, tree frogs in seasonally arid environments have adapted an extra-epidermal layer of lipid and mucus as an evolutionary convergent response to accommodate the periodic dehydration stress.
Pedubastis
Pedubastis or Petubastis, are Hellenized forms of the ancient Egyptian personal theophoric name Padibastet (alternatively Padibast or  Pedubast) (P3-dj-Bstt), meaning 'Given by Bastet'. Notable bearers were:

Pedubast I (r. 9th century BCE), a pharaoh of the 23rd Dynasty

Pedubast II (r. 8th or 7th century BCE), a ruler of Tanis

Pedubast III (r. 522 – 520 BCE), a rebel pharaoh during the 27th Dynasty

Pedubast, a high steward during the 26th Dynasty

In addition, various kinglets of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt bore the name Pedubastis.

Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-third Dynasty was an Ancient Egyptian dynasty of ancient Libyan origin which is usually classified as the third dynasty of the ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period in modern periodization. This dynasty consisted of a number of Ma tribe descended kings ruling over parts of Egypt in the 9th and 8th centuries BC. Scholars are divided on the definition and composition of what they label the 23rd Dynasty.
Calthorpe Broad
Calthorpe Broad is a 43.5-hectare (107-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Stalham in Norfolk, England. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I and a national nature reserve. It is also part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation.

This broad has diverse fauna and flora. Water plants include mare's-tail, water violet,  blunt-leaved pondweed, spiked water-milfoil, floating scirpus, yellow water-lily and the nationally scarce water soldier.

The site is private land with no public access.

Potamogeton obtusifolius
Potamogeton obtusifolius, known as blunt-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant in the genus Potamogeton. It grows mainly in mesotrophic to eutrophic lakes, ponds and ditches, rarely in brackish water. It occurs primarily in Central Europe, the British Isles, Fennoscandia and eastern North America.
Rippleton Schoolhouse
Rippleton Schoolhouse is a historic one-room school building located at Cazenovia in Madison County, New York.  It was built in 1814 and remodelled in 1884. It consists of two gabled units and is built of a heavy timber mortise and tenon framework.  It was moved to its present site on the grounds of the Lorenzo State Historic Site in 1997.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

The Friends of Lorenzo have restored the schoolhouse to an 1880s appearance.  The museum is open for school tours by appointment.

Cazenovia, New York
Cazenovia is an incorporated town in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 6,740 at the time of the 2020 census. The town is named after Theophile Cazenove, the Agent General of the Holland Land Company. The village of Cazenovia is located in the center of the town. The town is on the county's western border.

The village of Cazenovia was home to Cazenovia College, a small liberal arts college, from 1824 to 2023.
MC Flasher
MC Flasher (born Simon Pribac) is a Slovenian-Canadian electronic music performance artist. As a longtime resident and art director of Slovenia's most famed club Ambasada Gavioli, MC Flasher has been the developer of new wave techno MC-ing and the creator of Ambasada's ideological structure in years 1998 to 2005. During his techno career he collaborated and performed with several other artists, including Takkyū Ishino, Sven Vaeth, Claude Young, Luke Slater, Dee Lite, Josh Wink), DJ Umek, Billy Nasty, and Craig Walsh.

He is also the organizer and artistic director of the annual Music and Art festival The Final Flash, which takes place in Slovenia.

DJ Umek
Uroš Umek (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈúːrɔʃ ˈúːmək]; born May 16, 1976), better known as DJ Umek or simply UMEK, is a Slovenian dance music producer and DJ. Musically active since 1993, he is the owner of several techno record labels. In 1999 he founded Consumer Recreation and Recycled Loops, the former of which he co-runs with Valentino Kanzyani. Recycled Loops formed the sublabel Earresistible Musick in 2001, and in 2007 Umek founded the large techno label 1605.

In 2010, he won Best Techno Artist at the Beatport Music Awards, and in 2013 he was named Best Techno DJ at the EMPO Awards. In 2013, he won Best Techno Track at the International Dance Music Awards, and the following year he won Best Techno/Tech House Artist. He has released singles and remixes on Spinnin' Records and Ultra Records. Since 2015 UMEK switched back to darker techno style and is now releasing mostly on his own imprint 1605.
Matsitsileng
Matšitšileng, also known as Wisconsin, is a village Next to Ga-Mathapo(Ga-Matlala) in the Mogalakwena Local Municipality of the Waterberg District Municipality of the Limpopo province of South Africa.  It is situated about 110 km northwest of Polokwane and Mokopane.

Many former residents of Matšitšileng have moved to urban areas such as Mokopane, Polokwane, Tshwane, Ekurhuleni, Johannesburg and other urban centres. Matšitšileng continues to rely on traditional farming and livestock farming.

City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseKurhuleni; Afrikaans: Ekurhuleni Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Ekurhuleni; Sotho: Masepala wa Toropohadi ya Ekurhuleni) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of the East Rand region of Gauteng, a large suburban region east of Johannesburg. Ekurhuleni means "place of peace" in XiTsonga. Ekurhuleni is one of the five districts of Gauteng and one of the eight metropolitan municipalities of South Africa. The seat of Ekurhuleni is Germiston and the most spoken language is Zulu at 28.6%. The city is home to South Africa's busiest airport, OR Tambo International Airport, which is in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni.
David Harrison (basketball)
David Joshua Harrison (born August 15, 1982) is an American former professional basketball player. A former National Basketball Association (NBA) player for the Indiana Pacers, he was a member of the Beijing Ducks for the 2008–09 season and played with the Guangdong Southern Tigers for the next two years. He also played for the Tianjin Ronggang. At Brentwood Academy, Harrison was named Mr. Basketball in  Tennessee, in both 2000 and 2001, for Division 2 schools. He was drafted by the Indiana Pacers out of the University of Colorado at Boulder with the 29th pick of the 2004 NBA draft.

Beijing Ducks
The Beijing Shougang Ducks (simplified Chinese: 北京首钢霹雳鸭俱乐部篮球队), also known as Beijing Shougang or Beijing Ducks, officially named Beijing BAIC Basketball Club, are a professional basketball team based in Beijing, China, which plays in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association. The Shougang Corporation is the club's corporate sponsor while its mascot is a duck.

The team was formerly known as the Beijing Jinyu Ducks or Beijing Jinyu (北京金隅, běijīng jīnyü). The name change was due to a change in corporate sponsorship. This organization should not be confused with the Beijing Olympians, a different club, which was founded in 1955.

For at least part of the 2003–04 CBA season, the Ducks were known as Beijing Wanfeng Aote (北京万丰奥特). Their naming rights were then assumed by the "Beijing Jinyu Group Co., Ltd.", a prominent construction materials conglomerate in China.
Huaifang Water Reclamation Plant
Huaifang Water Reclamation Plant is a wastewater recycling plant located in the southwest of Beijing, China. Commissioned in 2017, the 3-floor plant spanned over an area of 162,000 m2 was built in response to the state capital of Beijing, facing a water shortage challenge exacerbated by climate change and urbanization with having the major water treatment systems being installed underground to save valuable land. The water treatment project is said to have been equipped with the forefront technologies.

Owned and operated by Beijing Drainage Group; Huaifang Water Reclamation Plant is the largest underground MBR-based wastewater treatment plant in Asia, with its construction being finished by December 2016 in association with the facility upgradation, executed by Suez in the year 2015.

Wastewater
Wastewater (or waste water) is water generated after the use of drinking water, fresh water, raw water, or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes.: 1  Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer infiltration or sewer inflow".: 175  In everyday usage, wastewater is commonly a synonym for sewage (also called domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
Jørgen Mohus
Jørgen Aarre Mohus (born 5 September 1991) is a Norwegian football goalkeeper who is currently a free agent.

He started his youth career at Tertnes IL and joined the city's great team, SK Brann, in 2009. After loan spells at Åsane Fotball, he made his first-team league debut in November 2012 in a 2–1 loss against Viking. He never broke through at Brann, and in 2014, he spent one season at Bærum SK.

Viking FK
Viking Fotballklubb, commonly known as Viking or Viking Stavanger internationally, is a Norwegian professional football club from the city of Stavanger. The club was founded in 1899. It is one of the most successful clubs in Norwegian football, having won 9 Norwegian top division titles, most recently in 2025, and 6 domestic Norwegian Cup titles, most recently in 2019. The club has played more top-flight league games than any other club in Norway. It has played in the top division since the league was established, except for the years 1966–67, 1987–88 and 2018. Notable European successes include knocking English side Chelsea out of the UEFA Cup during the 2002–03 season, knocking out Sporting CP from the same tournament in 1999–2000, and qualifying for the group stages of the 2005–06 UEFA Cup.
Seljestad, Vestland
Seljestad is a village in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located at an elevation of 600 metres (2,000 ft) above sea level, in the Seljestaddalen valley, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the town of Odda. The European route E134 highway passes through the village. There were about 29 permanent residents of Seljestad in 2001, but the area has a lot of vacation cabins and the Seljestad hotel in the area, so there can be a large temporary population at certain times of the year.

Holiday cottage
A holiday cottage, holiday home, vacation home, or vacation property is accommodation used for holiday vacations, corporate travel, and temporary housing often for less than 30 days.  Such properties are typically small homes, such as cottages, that travelers can rent and enjoy as if it were their own home for the duration of their stay.  The properties may be owned by those using them for a vacation, in which case the term second home applies; or may be rented out to holidaymakers through an agency.

Terminology varies among countries.  In the United Kingdom this type of property is usually termed a holiday home or holiday cottage; in Australia, a holiday house/home, or weekender; in New Zealand, a bach or crib.
Stefan Milutin's invasion of Northern Albania
Stefan Milutin's invasion of Northern Albania was a conflict during the Middle Ages between the Kingdom of Serbia and Albanian nobility serving under the Byzantine Empire. The war began in 1296 when the Serbian army under King Stefan Milutin began a campaign with the goal of capturing the Mat–Ohrid line. The war ended in 1299, when peace was achieved between the Serbian Kingdom and the Byzantines.

Albanian nobility
The Albanian nobility was an elite hereditary ruling class in Albania, parts of the western Balkans and later in parts of the Ottoman world. The Albanian nobility was composed of landowners of vast areas, often in allegiance to states like the Byzantine Empire, various Serbian states, the Republic of Venice, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Naples in addition to the Albanian principalities. They often used Byzantine, Latin or Slavic titles, such as sebastokrator, despot, dux, conte and župan. Notably, they also constructed religious sites, castles and had powerful courts. The Albanian principalities were usually divided in history except during the Principality of Arbanon when there was only one Albanian state ruled by one dynasty, and also during the League of Lezhë where most of the Albanian nobility and peasant communities unified under a military alliance against the Ottoman Empire.
Rankine Generating Station
The Rankine Generating Station is a former hydro-electric generating station along the Canadian side of the Niagara River in Niagara Falls, Ontario, slightly downstream from the older Toronto Power Generating Station. It was built in for the Canadian Niagara Power Company, and was simply known as the Canadian Niagara Power Company powerhouse. The company had been founded by William Birch Rankine, a New York City (and later of Niagara Falls) lawyer. The station opened in January 1905, with two generators; Rankine died three days after a third generator started operation at the station, in September 1905, and the station was renamed in his honour in 1927. Acquired by Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation in 1950 and in 2002, the station became a wholly owned subsidiary of FortisOntario (and part of Canadian owned Fortis Inc.). It was decommissioned in 2006.

It reopened in July 2021 as a museum.

Fortis Inc.
Fortis Inc. is a Canadian electric utility holding company, based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. It operates in Canada, the United States, Central America and the Caribbean. In 2015, revenue was CA$6.7 billion.

Fortis was formed in 1987, when shareholders of the regulated transmission and distribution utility Newfoundland Light & Power Co. voted to form a separate holding company.  NL&P shares were exchanged for Fortis shares on a one-to-one basis, with the regulated NL&P becoming a 100% owned subsidiary.
Fashion
Fashion is a term used interchangeably to describe the creation of clothing, footwear, accessories, cosmetics, and jewellery of different cultural aesthetics and their mix and match into outfits that depict distinctive ways of dressing (styles and trends) as signifiers of social status, self-expression, and group belonging. As a multifaceted term, fashion describes an industry, designs, aesthetics, and trends.

The term 'fashion' originates from the Latin word 'Facere,' which means 'to make,' and describes the manufacturing, mixing, and wearing of outfits adorned with specific cultural aesthetics, patterns, motifs, shapes, and cuts, allowing people to showcase their group belongings, values, meanings, beliefs, and ways of life. Given the rise in mass production of commodities and clothing at lower prices and global reach, reducing fashion's environmental impact and improving sustainability has become an urgent issue among politicians, brands, and consumers.

Royal blue
Royal blue is a deep and vivid shade of blue. It refers to a deep blue that, ever since 508 AD and the baptism of Clovis I, has been associated with the Kings of France, the French Monarchy, and France as a nation. It was the main color of the uniform of the French Royal Guards regiment, which were created in 1563 to ensure the King's Guard. Very soon, starting in the 17th century, it became the color of all the uniforms of the French Army, from the Musketeers, during the Napoleonic era, and all the way to World War I, until it was made obsolete as a color for battle uniforms by modern warfare and the need for camouflage.
Ngô Hoàng Thịnh
Ngô Hoàng Thịnh (born April 21, 1992 in Nghệ An) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Vietnamese club and the Vietnamese national team. He has captained Vietnam youth sides in numerous occasions.

Hoang Thinh was nominated for the title of Best Young Player of Vietnam Football Federation 4 times in a row but never actually won. He has won many trophies with Sông Lam Nghệ An at youth national tournaments level including: U11, U12, U15, U17, U21. In 2011, at the age of 19, he won the V-League and the Vietnamese National Cup runners-up title with Sông Lam Nghệ An.

Vietnam Football Federation
The Vietnam Football Federation (VFF; Vietnamese: Liên đoàn Bóng đá Việt Nam) is the national governing body of football in Vietnam. It is responsible for the all Vietnamese teams of association football, futsal and beach soccer as well as national competitions.

VFF is currently a member of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF). Its headquarters is located in Lê Quang Đạo Street, Mỹ Đình 1 ward, Nam Từ Liêm district, Hanoi. Administratively, VFF is placed under the jurisdiction of the Vietnam Ministry of Home Affairs alongside supervisor and specialty management from the Vietnam Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
South Tyrolean Student association
The South Tyrolean student association (German: Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft, Italian: associazione universitaria sudtirolese, Ladin: lia di studenc dl’universitè de südtirol) is the most important South Tyrolean association for students. The South Tyrolean student association is in particular special, as this association is not dependent on one place but has different offices in big university cities, mainly 1 head office in Bolzano and 7 branch offices, 4 of them in Austria and 3 in Italy. The sh.asus was founded in 1955 as a non-profit association. The most important function lies in the union representation of interest of the South Tyrolean students and the students who are studying in South Tyrol.

Branch office
A branch office is an outlet of a company or, more generally, an organization that – unlike a subsidiary – does not constitute a separate legal entity, while being physically separated from the organization's main office. Branching is particularly widespread in banking and other financial institutions, where the products' complexity requires local offices to act more like an agency than as a separate company. A branch structure exposes the owning company to full taxability and legal liability in regard to the branch office's operations.
Yoon (Korean surname)
Yoon (Korean: 윤) is a family name in Korea, which means "governor". The name is sometimes also transliterated as Yun, Yune, Yiun, or Youn. According to the 2000 census, 948,600 people had the surname in South Korea. It derives from the Chinese character 尹. In a study by the National Institute of the Korean Language based on 2007 application data for South Korean passports, it was found that 48.9% of people with this surname spelled it in Latin letters as Yoon in their passports, while 40.6% spelled it as Yun and 9.9% spelled it as Youn. Other alternative spellings included Yooun, Yune, Joon and Yeoun.

Yun Wŏnhyŏng
Yun Wŏnhyŏng (Korean: 윤원형, 尹元衡; 1509 – November 18, 1565) was a Korean political figure of the Joseon period. He was the younger brother of Queen Munjeong, the 3rd wife of the 11th King Jungjong of Joseon and was the maternal uncle of the 13th King Myeongjong.

He was Chief State Councillor from 1563 to 1565. His courtesy name was Ŏnp'yŏng (언평; 彦平). In 1565, after the death of Queen Munjeong, both Yun and his wife, Jeong Nan-jeong, were exiled from the capital. Unable to make a political comeback, both committed suicide by poison.
Hans-Jürgen Burchardt
Hans-Jürgen Burchardt (born 1962, Hanover) is a German economist and social scientist. Since 2005 he is Full Professor of International and Intersocietal Relations at the University of Kassel. His main areas of teaching and research include North-South-Relations, commodity-, environmental and social regimes in an international perspective, SDGs, social inequality and wealth research, theory and politics of development and Latin America.

Regime
In politics, a regime (also spelled régime) is a system of government that determines access to public office, and the extent of power held by officials. The two broad categories of regimes are democratic and autocratic. A key similarity across all regimes is the presence of rulers of both formal and informal institutions, which interact dynamically to adapt to changes to their environment.
Delias baracasa
Delias baracasa is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It was described by Georg Semper in 1890. It is found in the Indomalayan realm.

The wingspan is about 50 mm. It is in the agostina group. Within that it may be distinguished by the blackened vein markings on the underside of the hindwings.

Georg Semper
Georg Semper (August 3, 1837 in Altona, Hamburg – February 21, 1909) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.

His Philippine Lepidoptera are in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main and his Indomalaya and Australasia specimens are in Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden. His European insects are in Museum Schleswig-Holstein, Landesk and in the zoological collections of the University of Hamburg. 
He wrote "Beitrag zur Rhopalocerenfauna von Australien" in the Journal des Museum Godeffroy 14: 138-194, pls 8, 9 (1878) and Die Schmetterlinge der Philippinischen Inseln. Beitrage zur Indo-Malayischen Lepidopteren-fauna. Zweiter Band. Die Nachtfalter. Heterocera Reisen Archipel. Philipp. 2: 381-728 (1896–1902). He worked in association with Museum Godeffroy.

Otto Semper and Carl Semper were his half brothers by their father's first wife.
Malonic acid
Malonic acid  is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2. The ionized form of malonic acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates. For example, diethyl malonate is malonic acid's diethyl ester. The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.

Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids, removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain. The reverse process, which is  the first chemical step in photosynthesis, is called carboxylation, the addition of CO2 to a compound. Enzymes that catalyze decarboxylations are called decarboxylases or, the more formal term, carboxy-lyases (EC number 4.1.1).