hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viti language
Viti (Biti) or Vötö (Bötö), also known as Nde-Gbite, is a Narrow Grassfields language of Nigeria, spoken in the village of Antere in Taraba State, half a kilometre from the Cameroonian border. It is not clear how close or distinct it is from other Grassfields varieties.

Taraba State
TarabaListenⓘ  is a state in north-eastern Nigeria, named after the Taraba River, which traverses the southern part of the state. It is nicknamed "Nature's Gift to the Nation". The state capital is Jalingo. It is home to a diverse population including about 80 distinct ethnicities and their languages.
Tom Baum
Thomas Henle Baum (born 1940 in New York) is an American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and short-story writer. A graduate of Harvard, where he majored in math, Baum is best known for writing The Sender and Carny, both of which he wrote directly (as Thomas Baum) for the screen. He lives in Los Angeles with his producer wife, Carol Baum. He has two sons, Will Baum and Henry Baum, and three grandchildren. He is a descendant of the German anatomist Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, who discovered and named the loop of Henle in the human kidneys.

Carny
Carny, also spelled carnie, is an informal term used in North America for a traveling carnival employee, and the language they use, particularly when the employee operates a game ("joint"), food stand ("grab", "popper", or "floss wagon"), or ride ("ride jock") at a carnival. The term "showie" is used synonymously in Australia, while "showman" is used in the United Kingdom.
2023 Afghanistan–Iran clash
On 27 May 2023, the Armed Forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and Iranian border guards clashed along the Afghanistan–Iran border between the Afghan Nimruz Province and the Iranian Sistan and Baluchestan province. After a brief clash, the two sides de-escalated the situation.

Border Guard Command (Iran)
The Border Guard Command (Persian: فرماندهی مرزبانی جمهوری اسلامی ایران , romanized: Fərmândēhi-ē Mərzbâni Jomhūri-ē Ēslâmi-ē Irân), commonly known as FARAJA Border Guard (Persian: مرزبانی فراجا), is a subdivision of the Law Enforcement Force (FARAJA) and Iran's sole agency that performs border guard and border control duties for land borders, and coast guard duties for maritime borders. The unit was founded in 2000. Between 1991 and 2000, border control was the responsibility of the Security deputy of FARAJA. Prior to 1991, border control was the responsibility of the Gendarmerie.
Zac Bruney
Zac Bruney (born c. 1983) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Wheeling University, a position he has held since 2017. He also coached for Mount Union, Toledo, and Ohio Dominican. He played college football for Mount Union as a quarterback and professionally for the Ohio Valley Greyhounds of United Indoor Football (UIF) as a wide receiver.

Toledo Rockets football
The Toledo Rockets football team is a college football program in Division I FBS, representing the University of Toledo. The Rockets compete in the Mid-American Conference. Toledo began playing football in 1917, although it did not field teams in 1931, 1943, 1944, and 1945. Since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, Toledo has finished in the Top 25 four times with its highest finish coming in 1970 when it ranked No. 12 after finishing 12–0. Toledo has a 12–11 record in bowl games.
Cesante (film)
Cesante (lit. 'Unemployed'; also known as Cesante: Cada día somos más, lit. 'Unemployed: Every day we are more') is a 2003 Chilean adult animated comedy film directed by Ricardo Amunátegui and written by Marco Antonio de la Parra, Nicolás López and Esteban Schneider. The voice of the protagonist was interpreted by Coco Legrand. The film was considered to represent Chile in the Best Foreign Film category at the 76th Academy Awards, but it was not selected.

Nicolás López (director)
Nicolás Javier López Fernández (born 16 March 1983) is a Chilean film director screenwriter and producer. He is known for comedies such as Promedio Rojo (2004), the Qué pena trilogy (2010–2012), and the Paz Bascuñán vehicles Sin filtro (2016) and No estoy loca (2018).
David D'Alessandro
David Francis D’Alessandro (born January 6, 1951) is an American businessman, marketing executive, and author. He was formerly chairman and CEO of John Hancock Financial Services, a Fortune 200 company. In 2025, D'Alessandro was named chairman for Servpro Industries, LLC, franchisor for more than 2,000 cleaning, restoration, and construction franchises across the U.S. and Canada.

Servpro
Servpro is a franchisor of fire and water cleanup and restoration franchises in the United States and Canada. The franchise system provides localized services and large-scale disaster recovery. It is headquartered in Gallatin, Tennessee.
Epistle to Diognetus
The Epistle to Diognetus (Greek: Πρὸς Διόγνητον Ἐπιστολή) is an example of Christian apologetics, writings defending Christianity against the charges of its critics. The Greek writer and recipient are not otherwise known. Estimates of dating based on the language and other textual evidence have ranged from AD 130 (which would make it one of the earliest examples of apologetic literature), to the general era of Melito of Sardis, Athenagoras of Athens, and Tatian.

Tatian
Tatian of Adiabene, or Tatian the Syrian or Tatian the Assyrian, (/ˈteɪʃən, -iən/; Latin: Tatianus; Ancient Greek: Τατιανός; Classical Syriac: ܛܛܝܢܘܣ; c. 120 – c. 180 AD) was an Assyrian Christian writer and theologian of the 2nd century.

Tatian's most influential work is the Diatessaron, a Biblical paraphrase, or "harmony", of the four gospels that became the standard text of the four gospels in the Syriac-speaking churches until the 5th-century, after which it gave way to the four separate gospels in the Peshitta version.
Sovet gospod
The Council of Lords (Russian: Совет господ, romanized: Sovet gospod) was, according to the traditional scholarship, the executive organ of the Novgorod veche. In Pskov, it was known as the Lords (Russian: Господа).

Pskov
Pskov (Russian: Псков, IPA: [ˈpskof] ⓘ; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: 193,082 (2021 census); 203,279 (2010 census); 202,780 (2002 census); 203,789 (1989 Soviet census).

Pskov is one of the oldest cities in Russia. During the Middle Ages, it served as the capital of the Pskov Republic and was a trading post of the Hanseatic League before it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow and became an important border fortress in the Tsardom of Russia.
2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique – Doubles
Stéphanie Foretz Gacon and Kristina Mladenovic were the defending champions, but Mladenovic chose not to participate. Foretz Gacon partnered up with Julie Coin, but they lost in the first round to Magda Linette and Katarzyna Piter.

Catalina Castaño and Mervana Jugić-Salkić won the title, defeating Petra Cetkovská and Renata Voráčová in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Magda Linette
Magda Linette (born 12 February 1992) is a Polish professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 19, achieved in March 2023. She has reached eight finals on the WTA Tour, winning three titles, and the semifinals of the 2023 Australian Open, and the third round of the other majors.

Linette made her first appearance in a WTA Tour main draw at the Internationaux de Strasbourg in May 2013, where she also scored her first match win at this level. The same year, she reached her first WTA Tour semifinal in Baku, coming from qualifying. Linette won her first WTA 125 title at the 2014 Ningbo International Open, and her first WTA Tour title at the 2019 Bronx Open. Her best result in WTA Premier tournaments is the quarterfinals of 2016 Pan Pacific Open.

In 2020, she earned the Fan Favorite Shot of the Year award by the WTA for a slice forehand that she played against Peng Shuai en route to her second WTA Tour title at the Thailand Open.
American Foundation for Equal Rights
The American Foundation for Equal Rights (AFER) was a nonprofit organization active in the United States from 2009 through 2015. The organization was established to support the plaintiffs in Hollingsworth v. Perry (formerly Perry v. Brown or Perry v. Schwarzenegger), a federal lawsuit challenging California's Proposition 8 under the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. AFER retained former United States Solicitor General Theodore B. Olson and David Boies (who worked on opposite sides in Bush v. Gore) to lead the legal team representing the plaintiffs challenging Proposition 8.

Due Process Clause
A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law.

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government.
Ather Enam
Syed Ather Enam (born November 1961) is a Pakistani neuroscientist, a professor of neurosurgery at Aga Khan University, and founding president of Pakistan Society of Neuro-Oncology (PASNO). Enam has been involved in developing medical education frameworks in Pakistan; for example, in related contexts such as oncology interest groups in medical schools that include experts like Munira Shabbir-Moosajee.

Aga Khan University
Aga Khan University is a private research university based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is a non-profit institution and an agency of the Aga Khan Development Network. It was founded in 1983 as Pakistan's first private university. Starting in 2000, the university expanded to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom and Afghanistan.

AKU began life as a health-sciences university. It is among the largest private health-care providers in Pakistan and East Africa. AKU hospitals were the first in those regions accredited by U.S.-based Joint Commission International.

More recently, the university has initiated programmes in teacher education, the study of Muslim civilisations, journalism, early childhood development and public policy. The university has also launched an undergraduate liberal-arts programme to educate future leaders in a wide range of fields and establish additional graduate professional schools.
Mecosta Morton Airport
Mecosta Morton Airport (FAA LID: 27C) is a publicly owned, public use airport located 2 miles west of Mecosta in Mecosta County, Michigan. The airport sits on 12 acres at an elevation of 1022 feet.

In 2016, city leaders debated closing the airport. It had fallen into disuse, and losing the airport manager, the city began discussing the airport's viability. The airport received support from a restaurant located across the street, who agreed to maintain and mow the airport.

Mecosta, Michigan
Mecosta is a village in Mecosta County, Michigan, United States. The population was 386 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 475 in 2024.

The village is within Morton Township. Mecosta Township, which is also in Mecosta County, is located several miles to the west.
Royal Naval Association
The Royal Naval Association (RNA) is an association of current and former British Naval Service personnel (Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Women's Royal Naval Service, Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service, Royal Naval Reserve, Royal Marines Reserve, Royal Fleet Auxiliary, Royal Naval Auxiliary Service, as well as Merchant Navy veterans who hold the MNA Veterans Badge). Membership is also open to relatives and supporters.

Women's Royal Naval Service
The Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS; popularly and officially known as the Wrens) was the women's branch of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. First formed in 1917 for the First World War, it was disbanded in 1919, then revived in 1939 at the beginning of the Second World War, remaining active until integrated into the Royal Navy in 1993. WRNS included cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, radar plotters, weapons analysts, range assessors, electricians, air mechanics, ground transport vehicle drivers and motorcycle dispatch riders.
HD 66428 b
HD 66428 b is a long-period jovian exoplanet located approximately 174 light-years away in the constellation of Monoceros. It has a minimum mass of 2.82 MJ and takes 1973 days or 5.402 years to orbit around its solar-type star HD 66428. The average distance is 3.18 AU, about half the distance between Mars and Jupiter. This planet is a so-called eccentric Jupiter with an orbital eccentricity of 0.465. At periastron, the distance is 1.70 AU and at apastron, the distance is 4.66 AU. In 2022, the inclination and true mass of HD 66428 b were measured via astrometry.

Minimum mass
In astronomy, minimum mass is the lower-bound calculated mass of observed objects such as planets, stars, binary systems, nebulae, and black holes.

Minimum mass is a widely cited statistic for extrasolar planets detected by the radial velocity method or Doppler spectroscopy, and is determined using the binary mass function. This method reveals planets by measuring changes in the movement of stars in the line-of-sight, so the real orbital inclinations and true masses of the planets are generally unknown.  This is a result of sin i degeneracy.

If inclination i can be determined, the true mass can be obtained from the calculated minimum mass using the following relationship:
Bujanica
Bujanica is a part of the Stryjno Drugie in the administrative district of Gmina Rybczewice, within Świdnik County, Lublin Voivodeship. It lies approximately 9 kilometers north-west of Rybczewice, 37 kilometers south-east of the voivodeship capital Lublin, and 29 kilometers south-east of the county capital Świdnik.

Gmina Rybczewice
Gmina Rybczewice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świdnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Rybczewice, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) south-east of Świdnik and 32 km (20 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 99.09 square kilometres (38.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,931 (3,536).
Mizque
Mizque, Misk'i (from Quechua: misk'i, meaning "sweet") is a town in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. It is the capital of the Mizque Province. Mizque is located in the valley of the Mizque River, one of the main tributaries of the Río Grande.

Historically, it was located in the region of Upper Peru, and was a corregimiente dependent on Santa Cruz de la Sierra until 1783, when it became an independent town of the Intendencia de Cochabamba, in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. During the Spanish American wars of independence, Mizque sent deputies to the Congress of Tucumán, which declared Argentina's independence in 1816, and to the congress that declared the independence of Bolivia in 1825.

Río Grande (Bolivia)
The Río Grande (or Río Guapay) in Bolivia rises on the southern slope of the Cochabamba mountains, east of the city Cochabamba, at 17°26′11″S 65°52′22″W﻿ / ﻿17.43639°S 65.87278°W﻿ / -17.43639; -65.87278. At its source, it is known as the Rocha River. It crosses the Cochabamba valley basin in a westerly direction, turning south east after 65 kilometres (40 mi) and after another 50 km (31 mi) joining the Arque River at 17°42′10″S 66°14′45″W﻿ / ﻿17.70278°S 66.24583°W﻿ / -17.70278; -66.24583 and an elevation of 2,350 m (7,710 ft).

From this junction the river receives the name Caine River for 162 km (101 mi) and continues to flow in a south easterly direction, before it is called Río Grande. After a total of 500 km (310 mi) the river turns north east and in a wide curve flows round the lowland city of Santa Cruz.

After 1,438 km (894 mi), the Río Grande joins the Ichilo River at 15°48′09″S 64°43′47″W﻿ / ﻿15.80250°S 64.72972°W﻿ / -15.80250; -64.72972 which is a tributary to the Mamoré.
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT), also known as branched-chain amino acid transaminase, is an aminotransferase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.42) which acts upon branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). It is encoded by the BCAT2 gene in humans. The BCAT enzyme catalyzes the conversion of BCAAs and α-ketoglutarate into branched chain α-keto acids and glutamate.

The structure to the right of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase was found using X-ray diffraction with a resolution of 2.20 Å. The branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase found in this image was isolated from mycobacteria. This protein is made up of two identical polypeptide chains, totaling 372 residues.

The biological function of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases is to catalyse the synthesis or degradation of the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. In humans, branched chain amino acids are essential and are degraded by BCATs.

Isoleucine
Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a hydrocarbon side chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three other carbon atoms). It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), branched-chain, aliphatic amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it. Essential amino acids are necessary in the human diet. In plants isoleucine can be synthesized from threonine and methionine. In plants and bacteria, isoleucine is synthesized from a pyruvate employing leucine biosynthesis enzymes.  It is encoded by the codons AUU, AUC, and AUA.
Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture
Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 临夏回族自治州; traditional Chinese: 臨夏回族自治州; pinyin: Línxià Huízú Zìzhìzhōu, Xiao'erjing: لٍ‌ثِيَا خُوِزُوْ زِجِ‌جِوْ‎), formerly known as Hezhou (河州) and Baohan (枹罕), is located in Gansu Province, south of the provincial capital Lanzhou, bordering Qinghai to the west. It is an autonomous prefecture for the Muslim Hui people, a large Chinese ethnic group. It also includes two autonomous counties for other Muslim groups, namely Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar.

Xiao'erjing
Xiao'erjing, Xiaorjing, Xiaojing or Benjing, is a Perso-Arabic script used to write Sinitic languages, including Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Northeastern Mandarin, and Dungan. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to Islam in China—mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang and the Salar—and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia. Orthographic reforms introduced the Latin script and later the Cyrillic script to the Dungan language, which continue to be used today.

Xiao'erjing is written from right to left, like other Perso-Arabic writing systems.

Xiao'erjing is unusual among Arabic script-based writing systems in that all vowels, long and short, are explicitly notated with diacritics, making it an abugida. Some other Arabic-based writing systems in China, such as the Uyghur Arabic alphabet, use letters and not diacritics to mark short vowels.
Timpanaro
Timpanaro is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Maximiliano Timpanaro (born 1988), Argentine footballer

Sebastiano Timpanaro (1923–2000), Italian classical philologist, essayist, and literary critic

Maria Timpanaro Cardini (1890–1978), classical philologist, mother of Sebastiano Timpanaro

Sebastiano Timpanaro
Sebastiano Timpanaro (September 5, 1923 in Parma – November 26, 2000 in Florence) was an Italian classical philologist, essayist, and literary critic. He was also a long-time Marxist who made important contributions to left-wing political causes. He was an atheist.
Abrie Oosthuizen
Abrie Oosthuizen is a South African former politician who served as the provincial leader of the Freedom Front Plus in the Free State and as a member of the Free State Provincial Legislature until his retirement. Oosthuizen was elected to the Provincial Legislature in 1994 and was re-elected in 1999, 2004 and 2009 before announcing his retirement from politics in October 2013. Wouter Wessels succeeded him in the legislature while Jan van Niekerk succeeded him as provincial leader.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Killing Hope
Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II by William Blum is a history book on CIA covert operations and United States military interventions during the second half of the 20th century. The book, published in 1995 by Common Courage Press, takes a strongly critical view of American foreign policy. It is an updated and revised version of one of Blum's previous works, The CIA – A Forgotten History (1986).

The book covers various US foreign policy ventures from just after World War II onward. Its basic premise is that the American Cold War-era activities abroad were done with imperialist motives.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
La Possession
La Possession (French pronunciation: [la pɔsesjɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the French overseas department of Réunion. It is located in the northwestern part of the island of Réunion, between the capital of Saint-Denis and the commune of Le Port.

To the territory of this commune belongs the major part of the Cirque of Mafate, a caldera of the dormant Piton des Neiges volcano. It is part of the Réunion National Park.

Lazaretto
A lazaretto (/ˌlæzəˈrɛtoʊ/ LAZ-ə-RET-oh), sometimes lazaret or lazarette (/ˌlæzəˈrɛt/ LAZ-ə-RET), is a quarantine station for maritime travelers. Lazarets can be ships permanently at anchor, isolated islands, or mainland buildings.  In some lazarets, postal items were also disinfected, usually by fumigation. This practice was still being done as late as 1936, albeit in rare cases.
Nwakanma
Nwakanma is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Acho Nwakanma (born 1958), Nigerian politician

Chibuzor Nwakanma (1964 or 1965–2022), Nigerian footballer

Nnenna Nwakanma (born 1975), Nigerian activist and community organizer

Obi Nwakanma (born 1966), Nigerian writer, critic and academic

Obi Nwakanma
Obi Nwakanma Listenⓘ is a Nigerian poet, literary critic, journalist and academic at University of Central Florida. He writes a regular Sunday column on Vanguard Newspaper called The Orbit.  His works have also appeared in The Punch, ThisDay and TheCable.
Harewood Park
Harewood Park is a rural estate of 900 acres (360 ha) in the civil parish of Harewood in  Herefordshire, England, which has been owned by the Duchy of Cornwall since 2000. It is approximately midway between Hereford and Ross-on-Wye.

Ross-on-Wye
Ross-on-Wye is a market town and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, near the border with Wales. It had a population estimated at 10,978 in 2021. It lies in the south-east of the county, on the River Wye and on the northern edge of the Forest of Dean.