hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Filipino styles and honorifics
In the Philippine languages, a system of titles and honorifics was used extensively throughout its history. In the pre-colonial era, It was mostly used by the Tagalogs and Visayans. These were borrowed from the Malay system of honorifics obtained from the Moro peoples of Mindanao, which in turn was based on the Indianized Sanskrit honorifics system and the Chinese's used in areas like Ma-i (Mindoro) and Pangasinan. The titles of historical figures such as Rajah Sulayman, Lakandula and Dayang Kalangitan evidence Indian influence. Malay titles are still used by the royal houses of Sulu, Maguindanao, Maranao and Iranun on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. In the Spanish colonial era, Philip II of Spain decreed that the nobility in the Philippine islands should retain their pre-hispanic honours and privileges. In the modern times, these are retained on a traditional basis as the 1987 Constitution explicitly reaffirms the abolition of royal and noble titles in the republic.

Maranao people
The Maranao people (Maranao: Bangsa Mëranaw, Jawi: ماراناو‎; Filipino: mga Maranaw), also spelled Meranaw, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is a predominantly Muslim Filipino and Austronesian ethnic group native to the region around Lanao Lake in the island of Mindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the Darangen. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Iranun people and Maguindanao people, all three groups being denoted speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao. They are grouped with other Moro people due to their shared religion.
Montenegro, Granada
Montenegro is a cortijada or hamlet part of the municipality of Alpujarra de la Sierra, province of Granada, Andalusia, Spain. It currently has 5 adult inhabitants.

It is located on the GR 7 trading route, which is now a long-distance footpath, that runs from Algeciras to Greece.

It was once owned by Aben Aboo, the last Moorish King in Spain successor to Aben Humeya. His possessions were redistributed to the Christian families of Blanco, Medina, Romera, Ruiz and Vela who were from other parts of Spain in 1652.

Aben Humeya
Muhammad ibn Umayyah (Arabic: محمد بن أمية) better known by the hispanicized version of his name, Aben Humeya (born Fernando de Válor y Córdoba, c. 1546 – 20 October 1569), was a Morisco leader proclaimed King of the Moriscos by the insurgents in 1568, he organized guerrilla resistance in the mountainous region of the Alpujarras. He commanded the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain in the Alpujarras region, within Granada.
Radical Act
Radical Act is a feature-length documentary by Tex Clark. Shot in 1995, Radical Act documents the contributions of female artists to the 1990s indie rock scene. Participants include Kathleen Hanna (Bikini Kill, Le Tigre, Julie Ruin), Toshi Reagon, Gretchen Phillips, Melissa York (Team Dresch, Vitapup, The Butchies), Kim Coletta (Jawbox, co-owner of DeSoto Records), Shirlé Hale (Mary Lou Lord, Gerty, Womyn of Destruction), Sharon Topper (God is My Co-Pilot), journalist Evelyn McDonnell (Mamarama: A Memoir of Sex, Kids and Rock n Roll and Rock She Wrote: Women Write About Rock, Pop and Rap), author Victoria "Vicky" Starr ("KD Lang: All You Get Is Me") and Dr. Kay Turner (now Folk Arts Director of Brooklyn Arts Council).

Radical Act screened at the 1996 Outfest Film Festival in Los Angeles and was included in Miranda July's "Joanie For Jackie chainletter" collection of short films.

Gretchen Phillips
Gretchen Phillips (born 1963) is an American singer-songwriter known for her humorous and topical songs. Phillips has been openly gay throughout her life and her lesbianism has inspired much of her material.
Provincial Deputation of Almería
Provincial Deputation of Almería (Spanish: Diputación Provincial de Almería) is the provincial government of the province of Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.

From 2003 to 2007 it was presided by José Añez (PP), and from 2007 to 2011 by Juan Carlos Usero López (PSOE).

Province of Almería
Almería (/ˌælməˈriːə/, also US: /ˌɑːl-/; Spanish: [almeˈɾi.a]) is a province of the autonomous community of Andalusia in Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Granada, Murcia, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is the homonymous city of Almería.

The province has an area of 8,773.06 km2 (3,387.30 sq mi), and a population of 760,964 across its 103 municipalities.
1838 West Suffolk by-election
The 1838 West Suffolk by-election was held on 7 May 1838 following the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Robert Hart Logan. It was retained by the Conservative candidate, Harry Spencer Waddington, who was unopposed despite an attempt by local Radicals to find a candidate.

Radicals (UK)
The Radicals were a loose parliamentary political grouping in Great Britain and Ireland in the early to mid-19th century who drew on earlier ideas of radicalism and helped to transform the Whigs into the Liberal Party.
Courtneypark Library
Courtneypark Library is a library branch under the Mississauga Library System located in Meadowvalle Village. The library was established in late 2004 to respond to the needs of the large and growing Courtneypark community of 75,000 residents. The Courtneypark Library serves as both a community library with resources and programs geared to the everyday requirements of all ages of users, and a school library for St. Marcellinus Secondary School. This library is a shared facility between the City of Mississauga and the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board.

The building is also an Active Living Centre including amenities such as a triple gymnasium, a multi-purpose room, and a dance studio. Recreation & Parks programming at the facility includes yoga, pilates, karate, volleyball, badminton, basketball, tennis, soccer, track and field.

School library
A school library, or school media center, is a library within a school where students, staff, and sometimes parents can borrow a variety of print and digital resources. The goal of a school library or media center is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access to materials for information gathering.

School libraries are distinct from public libraries because they serve the school's curriculum and are centered around providing school-related materials.
Daniele Cortis
Daniele Cortis (also known as Elena) is a 1947 Italian drama film directed by Mario Soldati and starring Vittorio Gassman, Sarah Churchill and Gino Cervi. The film (set in nineteenth-century Italy) follows the impossible love affair between Elena, a noblewoman married to a man who doesn't understand her, and Daniele Cortis, her young cousin and Christian idealist. It is an adaptation of the 1885 novel of the same title by Antonio Fogazzaro.

Antonio Fogazzaro
Antonio Fogazzaro (Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo foɡatˈtsaːro]; 25 March 1842 – 7 March 1911) was an Italian novelist and proponent of Liberal Catholicism. Fogazzaro has been called "the most eminent Italian novelist since Manzoni." He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times. In Fogazzaro's work there is a constant conflict between sense of duty and passions, faith and reason. In some cases this brings the tormented soul of characters into mystic experiences.
Mhudi
Mhudi: An Epic of South African Native Life a Hundred Years Ago is a South African novel by Sol Plaatje, first published in 1930. The novel has been republished many times, including in the influential Heinemann African Writers Series.

The novel is a political historical novel which explores the development of the Traansval kingdom, led by Matabeleland. The novel was originally finished in 1920, but Plaatje was unable to get the novel published. The novel re-envisions the standard Eurocentric narrative of history, which supported Apartheid and its racist infrastructure.

Plaatje described the novel as a romance, comparing it to the Zulu novels of H. Rider Haggard.

H. Rider Haggard
Sir Henry Rider Haggard KBE (/ˈhæɡərd/; 22 June 1856 – 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure fiction romances set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the lost world literary genre. He was also involved in land reform throughout the British Empire. His stories, situated at the lighter end of Victorian literature and including the eighteen Allan Quatermain stories beginning with King Solomon's Mines, continue to be popular and influential.
Jacqueline Gadsden
Jacqueline Gadsden (August 3, 1900 – August 10, 1986) was an American film actress during the silent era. A native of Southern California, she was born in Lompoc to Gerald F. and Jessie H. (Salter) Gadsden and is known to modern audiences as the wealthy, haughty other woman in the 1927 Clara Bow vehicle It. As a child, she acted in films for Triangle Film Corporation.

She married William Harry Dale about 1924. She portrayed Lon Chaney's character's wife in Tod Browning's West of Zanzibar in 1928. In most films she was billed as Jacqueline Gadsden but made two films under the name Jane Daly in 1929, her final year in film. She died in the San Diego County city of San Marcos a week after her 86th birthday.

Triangle Film Corporation
Triangle Film Corporation (also known as Triangle Motion Picture Company) was a major American motion-picture studio, founded in July 1915 in Culver City, California and terminated 7 years later in 1922.
Se-lóo-bah
Se-lóo-bah (Chinese: 西魯肉; Tongyong Pinyin: Sīlǔròu; Tâi-lô: se-lóo-bah) is a specialty dish of Yilan, Taiwan. Despite the literal rendering of its name, it is essentially a kind of assorted thick soup (什錦羹), characterised by a lightly thickened broth and a mixture of meat and vegetables.

Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
The official romanization system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Taigi) in Taiwan is known as Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn, often shortened to Tâi-lô. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. The system is used in the MoE's Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi. Its main differences with Pe̍h-ōe-jī are that it uses ts tsh instead of ch chh, u instead of o in vowel combinations such as oa and oe, i instead of e in eng and ek, oo instead of o͘, and nn instead of ⁿ.
Oscar Brookin
Oscar Brookin (or Brookins) (19 July 1869 in Byron, Wisconsin – 18 August 1938) served in the United States Army during the Spanish–American War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of El Caney.

Brookin joined the army from Milwaukee, Wisconsin in January 1893, and served until being discharged in March 1899. He died in 1938 and is buried in Sunset Cemetery in Galloway, Ohio.

Galloway, Ohio
Galloway is an unincorporated community west of the city of Columbus in southern Prairie Township, Franklin County, Ohio, United States. The 43119 ZIP Code, however (which carries a Galloway mailing address) covers a significant portion of rural and suburban western Franklin County, as well as parts of western Columbus, and locals might use the name Galloway to refer to any location in the area roughly bounded by I-70, Galloway Rd, Alkire Rd, and Big Darby Creek; such a location is seldom in the community of Galloway proper.  The Galloway Post Office is located within the city of Columbus about two miles north of the actual community of Galloway, which lies at the intersection of Galloway Road and Sullivant Avenue.
Osmancık railway station
Osmancık railway station (Turkish: Osmancık istasyonu) is a railway station in the village of Tepeköy, Niğde in Turkey. The station consists of a side platform serving one tracks.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily intercity train, the Taurus Express from Konya to Adana.

Niğde Province
Niğde Province (Turkish: Niğde ili) is a province in the southern part of Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its area is 7,234 km2, and its population is 365,419 (2022) of which 170,511 live in the city of Niğde. The population was 348,081 in 2000 and 305,861 in 1990. Neighbouring provinces are Kayseri, Adana, Mersin, Konya, Aksaray and Nevşehir.

The province is surrounded on three sides by mountain ranges: the Taurus Mountains, Mount Hasan, and the Melendiz Mountains.
Rhacophorus robertingeri
Rhacophorus robertingeri  is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae endemic to Vietnam. First found in the Annamite Mountains of Vietnam, it is now known from mountain areas between Hà Giang or Nghệ An Province in the north and Gia Lai or Bình Thuận Province in the south, depending on the source. This species can be differentiated from its congeners based on the pointed projection at the tibiotarsal articulation, as well as coloration.

Gia Lai province
Gia Lai is a northern mountainous province in the Central Highlands region, the Central of Vietnam. It borders Quảng Ngãi in the northeast, Đắk Lắk in the south and Ratanakiri of Cambodia in the west.

As of 2023, Gia Lai province is the 18th most populous administrative unit in Vietnam with a population of 1,613,895 people. It ranks 30th in terms of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 33rd in per capita GRDP, and 33rd in GRDP growth rate. In 2020, the GRDP reached 80,000.32 billion VND, with a per capita GRDP of 51.9 million VND and a GRDP growth rate of 8.00%.

Prior to Vietnam's 2025 administrative reforms, Pleiku was formerly the capital of Gia Lai province making Quy Nhon the now capital city of Gia Lai province after merging with Bình Định province.
Deir Hanna
Deir Hanna (Arabic: دير حنا, Hebrew: דֵיר חַנָּא) is a local council in the Northern District of Israel, located on the hills of the Lower Galilee, 23 kilometres (14 mi) southeast of Acre. In 2023, it had a population of 10,623. Approximately 90% of Deir Hanna's inhabitants are Arab Muslims and the remaining 10% are Arab Christians.

Northern District (Israel)
The Northern District (Hebrew: מחוז הצפון, romanized: Mekhoz HaTzafon; Arabic: منطقة الشمال, romanized: Minṭaqat ash-Shamāl) is one of Israel's six administrative districts. The Northern District has a land area of 4,473 km2, making it the second largest district in Israel.

The Golan Heights has been run as a sub-district of the North District of Israel since the 1981 Golan Heights Law was passed, although the claim is only recognized by the United States while United Nations Security Council condemned the annexation in its Resolution 497 without enforcing it. The Golan Heights covers a land area of 1,154 km2 and the remainder of the Northern District covers 3,324 km2 (3,484 km2 including water).
Homerazzi
"Homerazzi" is the sixteenth episode of the eighteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 25, 2007. The episode was written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Matthew Nastuk.

In this episode, Homer becomes a celebrity photographer until they seek revenge by photographing him on his worst behavior. J. K. Simmons guest starred as the tabloid editor, and Jon Lovitz guest starred as Enrico Irritazio. Betty White appeared as herself. The episode received positive reviews.

The Simpsons season 18
The eighteenth season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons aired on Fox between September 10, 2006, and May 20, 2007. The season contained seven hold-over episodes from the seventeenth season’s HABF production line. Al Jean served as the showrunner, a position he has held since the thirteenth season, while the season was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television.

The season finale, "You Kent Always Say What You Want", was the series' 400th episode. Additionally, the Simpsons franchise celebrated its 20th anniversary, as it has been on the air since April 19, 1987, beginning with shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show.
Albert Wright (cricketer, born 1899)
Albert Wright was an English cricketer active from 1919 to 1920 who played for Northamptonshire (Northants). He appeared in three first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace. One of four brothers who played cricket, Wright was born in Kettering on 8 August 1899 and died in Bognor Regis on 1 October 1987. He scored 81 runs with a highest score of 27 and took six wickets with a best performance of three for 6.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
Lough Gara
Lough Gara (Irish: Loch Uí Ghadhra) is a lake in counties Sligo and Roscommon, Ireland. It is an Important Bird Area protecting 1,788 ha of which most (1,742 ha) is designated as a Ramsar Site (a wetland having international importance under the Ramsar Convention).

County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.
Tenny Wishramwan
Tenny Wishramwan Akim (27 March 1950 – 6 November 2023) was an Indonesian bureaucrat. He was Bekasi's acting regent for about a year from 2006 to 2007.

Tenny was born on 27 March 1950 in Majalengka, a regency in the State of Pasundan.  Tenny joined the civil service of West Java upon receiving his diploma in law. He was assigned to the tourism bureau of West Java and held strategic positions in the bureau, such as the chief of program development and chief of marketing.

Sometime in the 2000s, Tenny became the chief of the Purwakarta Regional Coordinating Board. Following the dismissal of Saleh Manaf as Bekasi regent, he was nominated as the acting officeholder alongside incumbent regional secretary Herry Koesaeri and former regional secretary Memet Rochamat. Tenny was approved by the governor, and he became Bekasi's acting regent from 27 April 2006 until 19 April 2007.

Tenny died on 6 November 2023.

Majalengka
Majalengka (Sundanese: ᮙᮏᮜᮦᮀᮊ) is a town and district in West Java, Indonesia. The district is the regency seat of Majalengka Regency. At the 2010 Census, the district had a population of 68,871, of which the town (comprising the two kelurahan of Majalengka Wetan and Majalengka Kulon) had a population of 20,906. At the 2020 Census, the town population had decreased to 20,549, while the district had 74,107 inhabitants in mid 2024.

In Rajaguluh, one of the villages in Majalengka, 20 km (12 mi) from the town of Majalengka, there is a traditional food called "pedesan bebek", which is considered a little bit spicy.
Entoloma mammosum
Entoloma mammosum, commonly known as the bell-shaped Nolanea, is a species of fungus in the family Entolomataceae. The fruit bodies are small and nippled, with a striate cap, salmon-colored gills, and a stately stalk. It is typically found growing in feather moss under spruce and Jack pine in the summer and fall. It is saprobic, and derives nutrients from rotting organic matter. The fungus was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Agaricus mammosus. American mycologist Lexemuel Ray Hesler transferred it to Entoloma in 1967.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Adams/Wabash station
Adams/Wabash is an 'L' station serving the CTA's Brown, Green, Orange, Pink, and Purple Lines.
Until 1963, it also served interurban trains of the Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad. It is the closest CTA station to Symphony Center, home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and the Art Institute of Chicago.

Symphony Center
Symphony Center is a music complex located at 220 South Michigan Avenue in the Loop area of Chicago, Illinois. Home to the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO); Chicago Symphony Chorus; Civic Orchestra of Chicago; and the Institute for Learning, Access, and Training; Symphony Center includes the 2,522-seat Orchestra Hall, which dates from 1904; Buntrock Hall, a rehearsal and performance space named for the CSO trustee and benefactor Dean L. Buntrock; Grainger Ballroom, an event space overlooking Michigan Avenue and the Art Institute of Chicago; a public multi-story rotunda; Forte, a restaurant and café; and administrative offices. In June 1993, plans to significantly renovate and expand Orchestra Hall were approved and the $110 million project resulting in Symphony Center, completed in 1997.

Designed by architect Daniel Burnham, Orchestra Hall was designated a National Historic Landmark on April 19, 1994. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978.
Flag of Panama
The national flag of Panama was made by María de la Ossa de Amador and was officially adopted by the "ley 48 de 1925". The Panamanian flag day is celebrated on November 4, one day after the Panamanian separation from Colombia, and is one of a series of holidays celebrated in November known as the Fiestas Patrias.

The first flag proposed in 1903 consisted of thirteen horizontal stripes of alternating red and yellow, with a blue canton containing two golden suns, joined by a narrow line to depict North and South America joined by the Isthmus of Panama (see the depiction below). However, this was not accepted by the Panamanian leader, Manuel Amador Guerrero, whose family designed a new flag.

The stars and quarters are said to stand for the rival political parties, and the white is said to stand for the peace in which they operate. Blue was the color of the Conservatives and red was the color of the Liberals.

Isthmus of Panama
The Isthmus of Panama, historically known as the Isthmus of Darien, is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. The country of Panama is located on the isthmus, along with the Panama Canal. Like several isthmuses on Earth, as a relatively narrow land bridge between close seas, it is a location of great geopolitical and strategic importance.

The isthmus is thought to have formed around 3 million years ago (Ma), separating the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and causing the creation of the Gulf Stream, as first suggested in 1910 by Henry Fairfield Osborn. Osborn based the proposal on the fossil record of mammals in Central America, a conclusion that would provide a foundation for Alfred Wegener when he proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912. Some recent studies suggest an earlier formation of the isthmus, potentially as far back as 19 Ma.