hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graph equation
In graph theory, Graph equations are equations in which the unknowns are graphs. One of the central questions of graph theory concerns the notion of isomorphism. We ask: When are two graphs the same? (i.e., graph isomorphism) The graphs in question may be expressed differently in terms of graph equations.

What are the graphs (solutions) G and H such that the line graph of G is same as the total graph of H? (What are G and H such that  L(G) =  T(H) ?).

For example, G = K3, and H = K2 are the solutions of the graph equation  L(K3)  =  T(K2) and G = K4, and H = K3 are the solutions of the graph equation L(K4) = T(K3).

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Note that T(K3) is a 4-regular graph on 6 vertices.

Regular graph
In graph theory, a regular graph is a graph where each vertex has the same number of neighbors; i.e. every vertex has the same degree or valency. A regular directed graph must also satisfy the stronger condition that the indegree and outdegree of each internal vertex are equal to each other. A regular graph with vertices of degree k is called a k‑regular graph or regular graph of degree k.
Ramonda heldreichii
Ramonda heldreichii is a species of flowering plant in the family Gesneriaceae. It was formerly treated as Jankaea heldreichii, the only member of the monotypic genus Jankaea. It is endemic to Mount Olympus in Greece where it is a relict species from the Tertiary period.

Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.
John David Carson
John David Carson (born John Franklin Carson; March 6, 1952 – October 27, 2009) was an American actor known for his work in film and television. Born in Los Angeles, California, he began his career as a voice actor for Hanna-Barbera cartoons, including Space Ghost (1966–1968). He transitioned to live-action roles, making his film debut in Pretty Maids All in a Row (1971). Carson appeared in a variety of projects, such as Stay Hungry (1976), Empire of the Ants (1977), and TV shows like Hawaii Five-O and Charlie's Angels. He retired after his role in Pretty Woman (1990) and died in 2009 at the age of 57.

Pretty Maids All in a Row
Pretty Maids All in a Row is a 1971 American sexploitation film with elements of black comedy, sex comedy, and murder mystery. Starring Rock Hudson, Angie Dickinson, and Telly Savalas, it was released on April 28, 1971. Roger Vadim directed the film, and Gene Roddenberry produced and wrote the screenplay based on a 1968 novel by Francis Pollini.

The film was Roddenberry's only feature-film writing credit.
John Hopkins the Third
John Hopkins the Third (German: Die verschwundene Million / The Missing Million) is a 1921 German film directed by Wolfgang Neff and featuring Béla Lugosi as the villain (a Western cowboy role). It was also known as Johann Hopkins III.

Wolfgang Neff
Wolfgang Neff (8 September 1875 – disappeared 1945) was an Austrian film director. He directed 50 films between 1920 and 1930. He was born in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic).

In January 1922, he founded Work-Film GmbH (1922–1925), and in October 1923, he became the sole owner of India-Film GmbH (1923–1929). His mountain film, The Death Road on the Bernina, was the last German silent film released in 1931. With the advent of sound cinema, he no longer received directing assignments.
Ballia
Ballia is a city with a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The eastern boundary of the city lies at the junction of two major rivers, the Ganges and the Ghaghara. The city is situated 150 km (93 mi) equidistant from Gorakhpur & Varanasi and about 380 km from the state capital Lucknow. Ballia is around 120 km (75 mi) from Patna, Bihar. It is home to a protected area, the Jai Prakash Narayan bird sanctuary.

Jayaprakash Narayan
Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listenⓘ; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), also known as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, theorist and independence activist. He is mainly remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for her overthrow in a "total revolution". In 1999, Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. His other awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award for public service in 1965.
Supreme Court of Korea
The Supreme Court of Korea (Korean: 대법원; Hanja: 大法院) is the highest ordinary court in the judicial branch of South Korea, seated in Seocho, Seoul. Established under Chapter 5 of the Constitution of South Korea, the court has ultimate and comprehensive jurisdiction over all cases except those falling under the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Korea. It consists of 13 associate justices, and the only chief justice. The Supreme Court sits atop all ordinary courts in South Korea and has traditionally represented the conventional judiciary of South Korea. The Supreme Court of Korea is one of the two apex courts in South Korea, the other being the Constitutional Court of Korea.

En banc
In law, an en banc (/ˌɑːn ˈbɑːŋk/; alternatively in banc, in banco or in bank; French: [ɑ̃ bɑ̃]) session is when all the judges of a court sit to hear a case, not just one judge or a smaller panel of judges.
For courts like the United States Courts of Appeals, in which each case is normally heard by a three-judge panel instead of the entire court, an en banc review is usually used for only very complex or important cases or when the court believes there is an especially significant issue at stake. En banc is a French phrase meaning "in bench." Convening an en banc court may enhance a court’s legitimacy by ensuring the quality and consistency of its case law and by signalling broad collective ownership of outcomes by all the court’s judges.
Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics – Women's combined
The women's combined event was part of the alpine skiing program at the 1936 Winter Olympics. It was the debut of alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics, and was the only women's event. The competition consisted of a downhill race on Friday, 7 February and two slalom runs on Saturday, 8 February. Thirty-seven alpine skiers from 13 nations competed.

12-hour clock
The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. (from Latin ante meridiem, translating to "before midday") and p.m. (from Latin post meridiem, translating to "after midday"). Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as 0), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The 12-hour clock has been developed since the second millennium BC and reached its modern form in the 16th century.

The 12-hour time convention is common in several English-speaking nations and former British colonies, as well as a few other countries. In English-speaking countries: "12 p.m." usually indicates noon, while "12 a.m." means midnight, but the reverse convention has also been used (see § Confusion at noon and midnight). "Noon" and "midnight" are unambiguous.
Opera cake
Opera cake (French: Gâteau opéra) is a French cake. It is made with layers of almond sponge cake (known as Joconde in French) soaked in coffee syrup, layered with ganache and coffee (or Grand Marnier) French buttercream, and covered in a chocolate glaze. Its name originates from its layers resembling the levels of an opera house.

According to Larousse Gastronomique, "Opéra gâteau is an elaborate almond sponge cake with a coffee and chocolate filling and icing." Traditionally, the word Opera is also written on top of the chocolate glaze. Edible gold leaf is sometimes added to the presentation.

Larousse Gastronomique
Larousse Gastronomique (French pronunciation: [laʁus ɡastʁɔnɔmik]) is an encyclopedia of gastronomy first published by Éditions Larousse in Paris in 1938. The majority of the book is about French cuisine, and contains recipes for French dishes and cooking techniques. The first edition included few non-French dishes and ingredients; later editions include many more.
Tricondyloides elongatus
Tricondyloides elongatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.

It is 11 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, and its type locality is Plaine des Lacs, New Caledonia.

Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)
Stephan von Breuning (21 November 1894 – 11 March 1983) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in the study of beetles (coleopterology), particularly within the Carabus, Calosoma and Ceroglossus (all of them are genera of the Carabidae family, also known as ground beetles) and the longhorn family (Cerambycidae).
Jason McEndoo
Jason McEndoo (born February 25, 1975) is an American football coach and former center in the National Football League (NFL) for the Seattle Seahawks. He is currently a football analyst for Texas. He played college football at Washington State University in Pullman and was a member of the 1997 team which went to the Rose Bowl.

Born in San Diego, California, McEndoo played high school football in southwest Washington at  Aberdeen. Selected in the seventh round of the 1998 NFL draft, McEndoo played one game for Seattle in his rookie season in 1998; he was released the following summer on September 5, 1999.

Married for less than a month in 1996, McEndoo and his wife Michelle were passengers in a rollover accident in which she was killed. The vehicle was driven by teammate Ryan McShane, who apparently fell asleep. The three were returning to Pullman after attending a teammate's wedding in Tacoma, and occurred on Interstate 90, near Ellensburg.

Ellensburg, Washington
Ellensburg is a city in and the county seat of Kittitas County, Washington, United States. It is located just east of the Cascade Range near the junction of Interstate 90 and Interstate 82. The population was 18,666 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 20,996 in 2024.

The city is located along the Yakima River in the Kittitas Valley, an agricultural region that extends east towards the Columbia River. The valley is a major producer of timothy hay, which is processed and shipped internationally. Ellensburg is also the home of Central Washington University (CWU).

Ellensburg, originally named Ellensburgh for the wife of town founder John Alden Shoudy, was founded in 1871 and grew rapidly in the 1880s following the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway. The city was once a leading candidate to become the state capital of Washington, but its campaign was scuppered by a major fire in 1889.
NZR WJ class
The NZR WJ class was a lone steam locomotive built by Baldwin Locomotive Works for service on New Zealand's private Wellington and Manawatu Railway (WMR). It acquired the WJ classification when the publicly owned New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) purchased the WMR and its locomotive fleet in 1908.

New Zealand Railways Department
The New Zealand Railways Department, NZR or NZGR (New Zealand Government Railways) and often known as the "Railways", was a government department charged with owning and maintaining New Zealand's railway infrastructure and operating the railway system. The department was created in 1880 and was corporatised on 1 April 1982 into the New Zealand Railways Corporation. Originally, railway construction and operation took place under the auspices of the former provincial governments and some private railways, before all of the provincial operations came under the central Public Works Department. The role of operating the rail network was subsequently separated from that of the network's construction. From 1895 to 1993 there was a responsible Minister, the Minister of Railways. He was often also the Minister of Public Works.

Apart from four brief experiments with independent boards, NZR remained under direct ministerial control for most of its history.
Michael Kawooya (squash player)
Michael Kawooya (born 20 January 1984 in Mengo) is a Ugandan professional squash player. He has represented Uganda at the Commonwealth Games in 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022.

The highest ranking he achieved in his career was World No. 430, in July 2011.

Squash at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles
The Men's singles Squash event of the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held at the Oxenford Studios, Gold Coast. Singles play took place between 5 and 9 April. Englishman James Willstrop won gold after beating Paul Coll of New Zealand in straight games, 11-9, 11-4, 11-6.
Reference re Pan‑Canadian Securities Regulation
Reference re Pan‑Canadian Securities Regulation,  2018 SCC 48 is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada, dealing with the Canadian doctrine of cooperative federalism and how it intersects with the power of the Parliament of Canada over trade and commerce, as well as discussing the nature of parliamentary sovereignty in Canada.

Cooperative federalism
Cooperative federalism, also known as marble-cake federalism, is defined as a flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs.
Moore Academy
Moore Academy (1883–1989), also known as Moore Academy School, was a primary school in Pine Apple, Alabama, U.S.. The school was founded in 1883 by John Trotwood Moore, a journalist and local historian. It existed as a segregated school for white students until around 1970, when the school became racially integrated.

There is a historical marker for the school, erected in 1996 by Alabama Historical Commission and by the Moore Academy Alumni Association, Inc.. It is listed as an Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage since June 30, 1995. The building for the school was built in 1923, and is part of the NRHP-listed Pine Apple Historic District.

Notable alumni include football player Fred Cone.

Alabama Historical Commission
The Alabama Historical Commission is the historic preservation agency for the U.S. state of Alabama. The agency was created by an act of the state legislature in 1966 with a mission of safeguarding Alabama's historic buildings and sites. It consists of twenty members appointed by the state governor or who serve in an official position. The members represent a broad cross section of Alabamians including architects, historians, archaeologists, and representatives of state universities. The commission is tasked with acquisition and preservation of historic properties and education of the public about historic sites in Alabama.
Florence Holbrook
Florence Holbrook (May 30, 1860 – September 28, 1932) was an American writer, educator, suffragist, and peace activist. She taught in the Chicago schools for over fifty years, and was an American delegate to the International Congress of Women in 1915, at the Hague, and in 1919, in Zürich. She was also aboard the Peace Ship with Rosika Schwimmer, and part of John Dewey's commission to study Soviet education in 1929.

Chicago Public Schools
Chicago Public Schools (CPS; administratively referred to by the state of Illinois as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons) is a public school district in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States.

It is the fourth-largest school district in the United States (after New York, Los Angeles, and Miami-Dade County). CPS students attend a particular school based on their area of residence, except for charter, magnet, and selective enrollment schools.

As of 2023, CPS has 634 schools, including 477 elementary schools and 157 high schools; of which 514 were district-run, 111 were charter schools, 7 were contract schools, and 2 were SAFE schools.

CPS is led by a chief executive officer, an alternative title for the position of superintendent in most other public school systems.
Thomas Cullwick
Thomas Cartwright Cullwick (5 March 1862 – 8 September 1948) was a priest who worked as a missionary for the Anglican Church in Melanesia and then held several incumbencies in New Zealand.

Cullwick was born at Hadley, Shropshire. He was ordained deacon in 1886, and priest in 1889. He was a missionary on Banks Island from 1887 to 1902 when he became  Archdeacon of Southern Melanesia, a post he held until 1906. He was then on Norfolk Island from 1906 to 1913. He then served in New Zealand, holding posts at Waipawa, Hawkes Bay, Takapau, Te Rehunga and Ormondville. He is buried in Dannevirke on New Zealand's North Island.

Takapau
Takapau is a rural town in the Central Hawkes Bay in New Zealand.  It is located 20 kilometres west of Waipukurau, off State Highway 2, and has a population of more than 500.

Takapau was founded following a survey of the Oruawharo station. The Johnston family, who owned the Oruawharo station, helped establish many civic and religious institutions within the town.
Nischintapur, Budge Budge
Nischintapur is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Budge Budge police station in the Budge Budge I CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Museum of Old and New Art
The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) is an art museum located within the Moorilla winery on the Berriedale peninsula in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It is the largest privately funded museum in the Southern Hemisphere. MONA houses ancient, modern and contemporary art from the David Walsh collection. Noted for its central themes of sex and death, the museum has been described by Walsh as a "subversive adult Disneyland".

MONA was officially opened on 21 January 2011. Along with its frequently updated indoor collection, Mona also hosts the annual Mona Foma and Dark Mofo music and arts festivals which showcase large-scale public art and live performances.

Ancient art
Ancient art refers to the many types of art produced by the advanced cultures of ancient societies with different forms of writing, such as those of China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The art of pre-literate societies is normally referred to as prehistoric art and is not covered by the scope of the ancient era. Furthermore, although some pre-Columbian cultures developed writing in the centuries preceding the European discovery of the Americas, these advancements are, on grounds of dating, largely covered with the dedicated topic of pre-Columbian art and associated sub-topics, such as Maya art, Aztec art, and Olmec art.
Ivor Callely
Ivor Callely (born 6 May 1958) is an Irish former politician who served as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North-Central constituency from 1989 to 2007 and a member of Seanad Éireann from 2007 to 2011, having been nominated by the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern. Between 2002 and 2005 he served as a Minister of State. He resigned from the Fianna Fáil party on 24 August 2010 due to an expenses scandal.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
The Road Goes On Forever (The Allman Brothers Band album)
The Road Goes On Forever was The Allman Brothers Band's first compilation album, a two-LP set released in 1975. It featured songs from the Allmans' first five albums. In 2001, an expanded edition was released featuring 13 more tracks. The album's title is a line from "Midnight Rider."

Blue Sky (song)
"Blue Sky" is a song by the American rock band The Allman Brothers Band from their third studio album, Eat a Peach (1972), released on Capricorn Records. The song was written and sung by guitarist Dickey Betts, who penned it about his girlfriend (and later wife), Sandy "Bluesky" Wabegijig. The track is also notable as one of guitarist Duane Allman's final recorded performances with the group. The band's two guitarists, Duane Allman and Dickey Betts, alternate playing the song's lead: Allman's solo beginning 1:07 in, Betts joining in a shared melody line at 2:28, followed by Betts's solo at 2:37. The song is notably more country-inspired than many songs in the band's catalogue.
Tepealtı, Nusaybin
Tepealtı (Kurdish: Tel Yaqub; Syriac: Tel-Ya’qub) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nusaybin, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kasikan tribe and had a population of 699 in 2021. It is located on the slopes of Mount Izla.

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.
Kuntur Wayin (Junín)
Kuntur Wayin (Quechua kuntur condor, Ancash Quechua wayi house, "condor house", -n a suffix, also spelled Cóndorhuain) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,400 m (14,400 ft). It lies in the Junín Region, Tarma Province, Tarma District.

Tarma province
Tarma is a Peruvian province, making up one of the nine provinces that conform the Junín Region.  To the north it borders with the province of Junín, to the east with the province of Chanchamayo, to the south with the province of Jauja and to the west with the province of Yauli.

The region has an area of 2,749.16 square kilometers (1,061.46 sq mi), which represents the 6.2% of the departmental territory. It is located in a position privileged, touristy and economic, halfway between the capital and the high forest, and point of convergence of various routes towards the central forest. The climate is temperate and mild during most of months predominates.