hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Impatiens arguta
Impatiens arguta, the toothed busy lizzie, is a species of flowering plant in the balsam family Balsaminaceae. It is native to Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, India and China. This herbaceous perennial grows to 30 cm (12 in) tall and broad, with an erect habit. It has deeply-veined, elliptic, slightly toothed leaves. Delicate lavender-blue or pink flowers appear in summer. As with other Impatiens species, the stems and leaves are succulent and fleshy.

This plant is cultivated as an ornamental. Although hardy to −10 °C (14 °F), it requires a sheltered position in full or partial shade, and a protective mulch in winter. Plants may become evergreen in warmer climates. It grows in moist places, forest understories and thickets.

Mulch
A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth, and enhancing the visual appeal of the area.

Mulch is usually, but not exclusively, organic in nature. It may be permanent (e.g. plastic sheeting) or temporary (e.g. bark chips). It may be applied to bare soil or around existing plants. Mulches of manure and compost will be incorporated naturally into the soil by the activity of worms and other organisms. The process is used both in commercial crop production and in gardening, and when applied correctly, can improve soil productivity.

Living mulches include moss lawns and other ground covers.
2001 Berlin Marathon
The 2001 Berlin Marathon was the 28th running of the annual marathon race held in Berlin, Germany, held on 30 September 2001. Kenya's Joseph Ngolepus (entering as a pacemaker) won the men's race in 2:08:47 hours. The women's race was won by Japan's Naoko Takahashi in a world record time of 2:19:46, as she became the first woman to break the 2 hour 20 minute barrier.

Marathon world record progression
World records in the marathon are ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.

Kenyan athlete Kelvin Kiptum set a men's world record time of 2:00:35 on October 8, 2023, at the 2023 Chicago Marathon, a mixed-sex race.

Kenyan athlete Ruth Chepng'etich broke the women's world record with a time of 2:09:56 on October 13, 2024, at the 2024 Chicago Marathon, a mixed-sex race.

In addition to the standard women's marathon world record, World Athletics also recognizes a second world record for women in the "Women Only" category, meaning that the marathon was run on a course without any male athletes in the competition. The current "Women Only" record of 2:15:50 was set by Tigst Assefa on April 27, 2025, at the London Marathon in the elite women's race.
Bulburin National Park
Bulburin National Park is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 120 km south of Gladstone and  40 km south-west of Miriam Vale.

Here is the largest remnant of the subtropical rainforest in central Queensland. Diversity of wildlife is represented, including wompoo pigeons, regent bowerbirds, red-necked and red-legged pademelons, red-eyed tree frogs and endangered long-nosed potoroo.

Red-legged pademelon
The red-legged pademelon (Thylogale stigmatica) is a species of small macropod found on the northeastern coast of Australia and in New Guinea. In Australia it has a scattered distribution from the tip of Cape York Peninsula in Queensland to around Tamworth in New South Wales. In New Guinea it is found in south central lowlands.

The red-legged pademelon is usually solitary but may group together when feeding. It is found mostly in rainforests, where it is rarely seen, but it is not considered threatened. In New South Wales, however, it is considered to be vulnerable. It feeds on fallen fruit, leaves and grasses. It weighs 2.5 to 7 kg and is 38–58 cm long with a 30–47 cm tail.

There are four subspecies of the red-legged pademelon:

T. s. stigmatica, found in the Cairns region of Queensland;

T. s. coxenii, found in Cape York Peninsula;

T. s. orimo, found in New Guinea;

T. s. wilcoxi, found in southern Queensland and New South Wales.
Anna Fendi
Anna Fendi (born in Rome, 23 March 1933) is an Italian fashion designer and entrepreneur; she created the Fendi brand along with her sisters Alda, Carla, Franca and Paola.

She has two daughter: Silvia, Fendi's artistic director of accessories and menswear, and Ilaria, past Fendissime artistic director and shoe designer.

Shanghai Daily
Shanghai Daily (Chinese: 上海日报; pinyin: Shànghǎi Rìbào) is an English-language newspaper founded in 1999 and owned by the Shanghai United Media Group, a state media company under the control of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was the first daily newspaper in English in Shanghai.
German submarine U-509
German submarine U-509 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 1 November 1940 at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg as yard number 305. She was launched on 19 August 1941, and commissioned on 4 November 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Karl-Heinz Wolff.

The U-boat served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training, before being assigned to the 10th U-boat Flotilla from 1 July 1942, for front-line service.

4th U-boat Flotilla
The 4th U-boat Flotilla (German 4. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in May 1941 in Stettin under the command of Kapitänleutnant Werner Jacobsen. Nearly 300 boats received their basic training here. It was disbanded in May 1945.
Samandar Hamroqulov
Samandar Hamroqulov (sometimes spelled Samandar  Khamrakulov in English) (Uzbek: Samandar Hamroqulov, Russian: Самандар Хамрокулов)  born 23 December 1978),is an Uzbek pop singer, actor, Honored Artist of Uzbekistan (2007). Samandar became famous in Uzbekistan in 2002 with the song "Sevgi fazosi". He sings in both Uzbek and Russian.

In addition to singing, Samandar also plays a role in films. Samandar played his first starring role in the 1999 film "Chayon Gul". His role in the 2005 film "Yarim baxt" brought Samandar even more popularity. After these successes, Samandar starred in several films.

Honored Artist of Uzbekistan
Honored Artist of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida xizmat koʻrsatgan artist) is an honorary title given to those who contributed to the development of art in the republic. It is mainly presented to the artists of theatre, film, pop music, circus, TV and radio broadcast, film directors, musicians, singers, ballet masters, the conductors of orchestra and choir, the representatives of music or other artistic teams.
Saale-Wipper
Saale-Wipper is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Before 1 January 2010, it was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft. It is situated southwest of Bernburg. It is named after the rivers Saale and Wipper, which flow through its territory. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Güsten.

The Verbandsgemeinde Saale-Wipper consists of the following municipalities:

Alsleben

Giersleben

Güsten

Ilberstedt

Plötzkau

Salzlandkreis
Salzland is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is 1,428.1 km2 (551.4 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Harz, Börde, Magdeburg, Jerichower Land, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Mansfeld-Südharz and Saalekreis.
Transportation in North America
Transportation in North America is performed through a varied transportation system, whose quality ranges from being on par with a high-quality European motorway to an unpaved gravelled back road that can extend hundreds of miles. There is also an extensive transcontinental freight rail network, but passenger railway ridership is lower than in Europe and Asia.

Strait of Belle Isle
The Strait of Belle Isle (/bɛl ˈaɪl/ bel EYEL; French: Détroit de Belle Isle [detʁwa d(ə) bɛl il]) is a waterway in eastern Canada, that separates Labrador from the island of Newfoundland, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Push–pull olefin
A push-pull olefin is a type of olefin characterized by an electron-withdrawing substituent on one side of the double bond and an electron-donating substituent on the other side. This makes the pi bond very polarized. The rotational barrier for a push-pull olefin is lower than that of an ordinary olefin and this makes it an interesting candidate for a molecular switch, for instance azobenzenes. A push-pull configuration also helps to stabilize the double bond because the carbon-carbon bond has considerably less double bond character. For instance, cyclobutadiene is a very unstable molecule but with both olefinic bonds in push-pull configuration (two ester substituents and two tertiary amine substituents) the molecule is stable indeed.

Molecular switch
A molecular switch is a molecule that can be switched between two or more stable or metastable states with the use of any external (exogenous) or internal (endogenous) stimuli, such as changes in pH, light, temperature, an electric current,  a microenvironment, or in the presence of ions, and other ligands. In some cases, a combination of stimuli is required. Molecular switches are reversible.  They have been considered for a wide area of possible applications, but the main uses are in photochromic lenses and windows.
Emma Tennant
Emma Christina Tennant FRSL (20 October 1937 – 21 January 2017) was an English novelist and editor of Scottish extraction, known for a post-modern approach to her fiction, often imbued with fantasy or magic. Several of her novels give a feminist or dreamlike twist to classic stories, such as Two Women of London: The Strange Case of Ms Jekyll and Mrs Hyde. She also published under the pseudonym Catherine Aydy.

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.
James Hogge
James Myles Hogge (19 April 1873 – 27 October 1928) was a British social researcher and Liberal Party politician.

Hogge was educated at the Edinburgh Normal School, Moray House School of Education, and the University of Edinburgh, where he was president of the Liberal Association. Hogge at first wanted to be teacher. He began as pupil teacher in Edinburgh and was a 1st class King's Scholar at Moray House Training College, Edinburgh but he then qualified as a preacher in the United Free Church of Scotland. However, after engaging in work in the Edinburgh slums, he changed career again to concentrate on social work and research; first in Edinburgh, then in York with Joseph Rowntree and his son Seebohm. On 4 February 1905, Hogge married Florence Rebecca Metcalfe, a widow from Malton in Yorkshire. They had one son and two daughters.

King's Scholar
A King's Scholar (abbreviated KS in the United Kingdom) is the recipient of a scholarship established by, or under the auspices of, a British monarch. The scholarships are awarded at certain public schools and colleges in England, including Eton College; The King's School, Canterbury; King's Ely; The King's School, Worcester; Durham School; and Westminster School. At Westminster, the title changes depending on the sex of the reigning monarch.
Minyplanetes
Minyplanetes is a monospecific genus of velvet worm containing the single species Minyplanetes kroombensis. This species has 15 pairs of legs in both sexes. The type locality of this species is Kroombit Tops, Queensland, Australia.

Kroombit Tops National Park
Kroombit Tops is a national park in Central Queensland, Australia. It is between Monto and Calliope. It is two parts. The largest part is within the localities of Tablelands, Valentine Plains, Cania and Boyne Valley, while the smaller part is in the locality of Mount Alma. It is 399 km northwest of Brisbane. Cania Gorge National Park is located approximately 25 km to the south.

In February 1945, an American Liberator Bomber, "Beautiful Betsy", crashed into what is now Kroombit Tops National Park.  The wreckage was discovered on 2 August 1994.

Recreational activities conducted in the park include birdwatching, off-road driving and bushwalking. Camping is permitted.
James Bird (cricketer)
James Waller Bird (19 November 1808 – 20 February 1876) was an English cleric and cricketer with amateur status. He was born at Little Waltham near Chelmsford in Essex and was educated at Winchester College and Wadham College, Oxford, and played for Oxford University 1827–29. He became a Church of England priest and was rector of Foulsham, Norfolk, from 1855 until his death.

Bird married in 1850 Laura Beauchamp-Proctor, daughter of George Edward Beauchamp-Proctor, and they had ten children. He died at Paddington, London in 1876.

Little Waltham
Little Waltham is a village and civil parish in the Chelmsford district of Essex, England, lying 3 miles (5 km) north of the centre of Chelmsford itself. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,950. Since that census the parish has ceded some territory to the new parish of Chelmsford Garden.

It is adjacent to the village of Great Waltham. The Domesday Book refers to the two villages as Waltham, consisting of several manors. The site of an Iron Age village was excavated before upgrading the main road north between the current villages.

The village straddles the River Chelmer. Its main street has a number of old houses near the bridge, notably a rare Essex example of a Wealden hall house, now divided into three cottages. A footpath leads south alongside the river to a nature reserve. The countryside is under continued threat from housing and road development.
Asaph (biblical figure)
Asaph (English: /ˈeɪ.sæf/ Ay-saf; Hebrew: אָסָף ’Āsāp̄, "Gather") is the name of three men from the Hebrew bible.

Asaph, the father of Joah (2 Kings 18:18–37)

The articles related to the son of Berachiah and descendant of Kohath refer to the same person:
Asaph, son of Berachiah the Gershonite (2 Chronicles 20:14). Together with Heman, the grandson of the Israelite prophet Samuel (1 Chronicles 6:24, or 1 Chronicles 6:39 in non-Hebrew translations), he and his male descendants were set aside by King David to worship God in song and music (1 Chronicles 15:16–17). He authored Psalm 50, and Psalms 73 to 83.
Asaph, a Levite descendant of Kohath (1 Chronicles 26:1)

Asaph, the keeper of the king's forest under the Persian king Artaxerxes I Longimanus (Nehemiah 2:8)

Psalm 83
Psalm 83 is the 83rd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Keep not thou silence, O God". In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 82. In Latin, it is known as "Deus quis similis erit tibi ne taceas". It is one of the 12 Psalms of Asaph. This psalm is the last of the Psalms of Asaph, which include Psalms 50 and 73 to 83. It is also the last of the "Elohist" collection, Psalms 42–83, in which the one of God's titles, Elohim, is mainly used.: 405 : 7  It is generally seen as a national lament provoked by the threat of an invasion of Israel by its neighbors.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music, including works by Heinrich Schütz and Alexander von Zemlinsky.
Asplenium flaccidum
Asplenium flaccidum is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae. The plant common name is drooping spleenwort or weeping spleenwort, and the species name flaccidum derives from the Latin root meaning drooping. The plant is also known in its native New Zealand by the Māori name makawe. An example occurrence of A. flaccidum is within a Nothofagus-Podocarp forest at Hamilton Ecological District on New Zealand's North Island in association with other fern species understory plants, Crown fern (''Blechnum discolor'') being an example.

Nothofagus
Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and eastern and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and New Caledonia. The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. The genus has a rich fossil record of leaves, cupules, and pollen, with fossils extending into the late Cretaceous period and occurring in Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America.
Duel at Apache Wells
Duel at Apache Wells (also known as Durango Kid der Rächer in Austrian and West German territories) is a 1957 American Western film in Naturama directed by Joseph Kane (credited as Joe Kane) for Republic Pictures. It was written by Robert Kreighton Williams (as Bob Williams) and stars Anna Maria Alberghetti, Ben Cooper and Jim Davis.

Joseph Kane
Jasper Joseph Inman Kane (March 19, 1894, San Diego – August 25, 1975, Santa Monica, California) was an American film director, film producer, film editor and screenwriter. He is best known for his extensive directorship and focus on Western films.
Corps colours (Waffen-SS)
Corps colours, or Troop-function colours (German: Waffenfarben) were worn in the Waffen-SS from 1938 until 1945 in order to distinguish between various branches of service, units, and functions. The corps colours were part of the pipings, gorget patches (collar patches), and shoulder boards. The colour scheme was similar to the corps colours of the German Army from 1935 to 1945. The colours appeared mainly on the piping around the shoulder boards showing a soldier's rank.

Gorget patches
Gorget patches (collar tabs, collar patches) are an insignia in the form of paired patches of cloth or metal on the collar of a uniform (gorget), used in the military and civil service in some countries. Collar tabs sign the military rank (group of ranks), the rank of civil service, the military unit, the office (department) or the branch of the armed forces and the arm of service.
1990–91 KNVB Cup
The 1990-91 KNVB Cup was the 73rd edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 67 teams contested, beginning on 13 October 1990 and ending at the final on 2 June 1991.

Feyenoord beat BVV Den Bosch 1–0 and won the cup for the seventh time.

KNVB Cup
The KNVB Beker (pronounced [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː ˈbeːkər]; English: KNVB Cup), branded as the Eurojackpot KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top four tiers of Dutch league football (Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie, Tweede Divisie and Derde Divisie), as well as the 24 semi-finalists (or replacements) of the six KNVB District Cups. The finals of the tournament traditionally takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since the 1989 final. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruyff Shield, (equivalent to a super cup) which acts as the curtain raiser for the following season.
The Heathen
"The Heathen" is a short story by the American writer Jack London. It was first published in Everybody's Magazine in August 1910, and later included in collections of stories by London, South Sea Tales, published by Macmillan in 1911, and The Strength of the Strong, published by Macmillan in 1914.

In the story, two people, from different cultural and racial backgrounds, are the only survivors of a ship that encounters a hurricane in the Pacific, and they remain together.

Everybody's Magazine
Everybody's Magazine was an American magazine published from 1899 to 1929. The magazine was headquartered in New York City and was published by the Ridgway Company, a subsidiary of the Butterick Publishing Company.
Cumhuriyet Football Field
Cumhuriyet Football Field (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Futbol Sahası) is a football stadium in Konya, Turkey.

Cumhuriyet Football Field is located in the Malazgirt neighborhood of  Selçuklu disyricy in Konya, Turkey. The venue hosted the qualification matches of the football competitions at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Complex adaptive system
A complex adaptive system (CAS) is a system that is complex in that it is a dynamic network of interactions, but the behavior of the ensemble may not be predictable according to the behavior of the components. It is adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events. It is a "complex macroscopic collection" of relatively "similar and partially connected micro-structures" formed in order to adapt to the changing environment and increase their survivability as a macro-structure. The Complex Adaptive Systems approach builds on replicator dynamics.

The study of complex adaptive systems, a subset of nonlinear dynamical systems, is an interdisciplinary matter that attempts to blend insights from the natural and social sciences to develop system-level models and insights that allow for heterogeneous agents, phase transition, and emergent behavior.

Macrostructure (sociology)
In sociology, macrostructures, often simply called 'structure', correspond to the overall organization of society, described at a rather large-scale level, featuring for instance social groups, organizations, institutions, nation-states and their respective properties and relations. In this case, societal macrostructures are distinguished from societal microstructures consisting of the situated social interaction of social actors, often described in terms of agency. This distinction in sociology has given rise to the well-known macro-micro debate, in which microsociologists claim the primacy of interaction as the constituents of societal structures, and macrosociologists the primacy of given social structure as a general constraint on interaction.

One important macrostructure is patriarchy, the traditional system of economic and political inequality between women and men in most societies.