hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chōsen jihō
Chōsen Jihō (Japanese: 朝鮮時報; Korean: 조선시보; MR: Chosŏn Sibo) was a Japanese-language and Korean-language daily newspaper published in Korea from 1894 to 1941.

The paper had a predecessor under a different founder that went by Fuzan Shōkyō (釜山商況; 부산상황; Pusan Sanghwang). It was founded in Busan on December 5, 1892. It changed its name to Tokua Bōeki Shinbun (東亞貿易新聞; 동아무역신문; Tonga Muyŏk Sinmun) at some point afterwards.

It consistently rivaled the Fuzan Nippō paper, also based in Busan, and began to underperform it. After several fires and a 1940 order by the Japanese colonial government for there to be one paper per province, it was absorbed into the Fuzan Nippō. The Fuzan Nippō was then seized by the United States after the 1945 liberation of Korea, and was converted into the modern South Korean Busan Ilbo.

McCune–Reischauer
McCune–Reischauer (MR; /məˈkjuːn ˈraɪʃaʊ.ər/ mə-KEWN RYSHE-ow-ər) is a romanization system for the Korean language. It was first published in 1939 by George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer. Significant work on the system was done by Korean linguists Choe Hyeon-bae, Jeong In-seop, and Kim Seon-gi.

According to Reischauer, McCune "persuaded the American Army Map Service to adopt [the McCune–Reischauer system], and through the Korean War it became the foundation for most current Romanizations of Korean place names."

A variant of McCune–Reischauer is currently used as the official system in North Korea. Another variant is currently used for standard romanization library catalogs in North America. On the other hand, South Korea formerly used yet another variant as its official system from 1984 to 2000, but replaced it with the Revised Romanization of Korean in 2000.
Nervosa
Nervosa is an album by the band Showbread. It was released on May 13, 2008, simultaneously with its companion album Anorexia. Nervosa second in a two-CD collection entitled Anorexia Nervosa, which is an accompaniment to the short story Anorexia Nervosa which comes packaged within the records. The album acts as a soundtrack to a read-along story book that features a chapter for each track. As the reader follows the story, the album reacts to what happens within the text. Taking a drastic new direction from their second album Age of Reptiles, which featured a more straightforward alternative rock sound, the band took "Nervosa" in a much darker, industrial rock tone.

Industrial rock
Industrial rock is a fusion genre that fuses industrial music and rock music. Originally emerging in the late 1970s to early 1980s, pioneered by artists such as Chrome, Killing Joke, Swans, Big Black and Skinny Puppy, the movement was further proliferated in the late 1980s by Wax Trax! Records in Chicago, with artists like Front 242, Front Line Assembly, KMFDM, and Sister Machine Gun.

Subsequently, the movement would lead to the emergence of genre fusions and subgenres like electro-industrial, industrial metal, martial industrial,  industrial hip-hop, industrial dance and industrial techno. By the 1990s, broader industrial music genres were made accessible to mainstream audiences through the popularity of acts such as Nine Inch Nails, Ministry, Rammstein, Marilyn Manson, all of whom released platinum-selling records.
PON1
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) also known as Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase 1, A esterase, homocysteine thiolactonase or serum aryldialkylphosphatase 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PON1 gene. Paraoxonase 1 has esterase and more specifically paraoxonase activity. PON1 is the first discovered member of a multigene family also containing PON2 and PON3, the genes for which are located adjacent to each other on chromosome 7. PON1 on HDL (different from soluble PON1) is responsible for significant atheroprotection rendered by the HDL.

Esterase
In biochemistry, an esterase is a class of enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis (and as such, it is a type of hydrolase).

A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.
Shahadat Hossain
Shahadat Hossain Rajib (born: 7 August 1986) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his Test debut in 2005 during Bangladesh's first tour of England. When he came to play in the international scene he was cited by the then coach Dav Whatmore as the fastest bowler in the team. The following year, Hossain made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Kenya. At times Hossain had struggled with conceding too many runs, and for that reason was dropped in 2009. In November 2010, Hossain was a member of the squad that won Bangladesh's first gold in any event at the Asian Games. A broken toe prevented Hossain from playing for Bangladesh in July 2011, but after more than a year since his last Test he returned to the squad in October that year. In November 2019, he was given a five-year ban from cricket, after assaulting a teammate. He made history being the first Bangladeshi to take a hat-trick in the ODI format.

Bangladesh Cricket Board
The Bangladesh Cricket Board (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ক্রিকেট বোর্ড, romanized: Bāṅlādēś Krikēṭ Bōrḍ; abbreviated as BCB), formerly known as Bangladesh Cricket Control Board, is the governing body of cricket in Bangladesh. It became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1977, and a full member on 26 June 2000. BCB has three teams which represent Bangladesh in international cricket: the Bangladesh men's national cricket team, Bangladesh women's national cricket team and Bangladesh under-19 cricket team.

The board's headquarters are located at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium in Mirpur, Dhaka.
GNOME Activity Journal
GNOME Activity Journal is a semantic desktop browser-like application for the GNOME desktop environment. Instead of providing direct access to the hierarchical file system like most file managers, GNOME Activity Journal uses the Zeitgeist framework to classify files according to metadata. This includes time and date of previous accesses, location of use (using GPS positioning), file type, tagging and more. In addition to local files, GNOME Activity Journal also organizes web browsing history, email and other data sources.

GNOME Activity Journal was ported to GTK3 and Python3 in version 1.0.0. It is available as part of Debian, Fedora, Arch Linux (AUR) and Ubuntu.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Fall Out Fall In
Fall Out Fall In is a Walt Disney cartoon starring Donald Duck.  It was released on April 23, 1943, by RKO Radio Pictures. The film's title incorporates two military commands: "fall in", meaning to create an organized formation of soldiers, and "fall out", to dissolve that formation.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
Dungaree (fabric)
Dungaree fabric (used in English since 1605–15 "Dongeryus", from the Marathi dongrī) is a historical term for an Indian coarse thick calico cloth. The word is possibly derived from Dongri, a dockside village near Mumbai. Cotton twill with indigo-dyed warp thread is now more commonly referred to as denim.

In American English, the term is used for hard-wearing work trousers made from such fabric and in British English for bib overalls in various fabrics, either for casual or work use. By 1891 English author Rudyard Kipling was using the word to refer to a kind of garment (in the plural) as well as a fabric.

Overalls
Overalls or bib-and-brace overalls, also called dungarees in British English, are a type of garment usually used as protective clothing when working. The garments are commonly referred to as a "pair of overalls" by analogy with "pair of trousers".

Overalls were originally made of denim, but they can also be made of other materials such as corduroy, chino cloth, or leather. Overalls were invented in the mid to late 1890s by Grace Howard and Jacob W. Davis at Levi Strauss & Co., but they went through an evolution to reach their modern form. Initially created to serve as protective clothing during physically demanding work, they have since also become a fashion garment. Many high-fashion brands have released their own spin on overalls. Today, overalls can still be found in some workplaces, while also being worn casually by all kinds of people.
Crafoord
Crafoord is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl-George Crafoord (1921–2006), Swedish diplomat

Clarence Crafoord (1899–1984), Swedish cardiovascular surgeon

Göran Crafoord (born 1939), Swedish sailor

Greta Crafoord (born 2000), Swedish pair skater, twin sister of John

Holger Crafoord (1908–1982), Swedish industrialist

John Crafoord (born 2000), Swedish pair skater, twin brother of Greta

Josefin Crafoord (born 1973), Swedish television and radio host

Wille Crafoord (born 1966), Swedish musician

John Crafoord
John Crafoord (born 28 December 2000) is a retired Swedish pair skater. With his twin sister and skating partner, Greta Crafoord, he is a three-time Swedish national champion (2023–25), two-time Swedish junior national champion, and placed fifteenth at the 2020 World Junior Championships.
2023 Alsco Uniforms 250
The 2023 Alsco Uniforms 250 was the 17th stock car race of the 2023 NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the 3rd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, July 8, 2023, in Hampton, Georgia at Atlanta Motor Speedway, a 1.54 miles (2.48 km) permanent quad-oval shaped racetrack. The race was originally scheduled to be contested over 163 laps, but was extended to 169 laps due to a NASCAR overtime finish. John Hunter Nemechek, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, would take advantage of a late-race restart, and held off the Kaulig Racing trio to earn his 5th career NASCAR Xfinity Series win, and his third of the season. Justin Haley dominated most of the race, leading a race-high 80 laps. To fill out the podium, Daniel Hemric, driving for Kaulig Racing, and Cole Custer, driving for Stewart-Haas Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Cole Custer
Cole Matthew Custer (born January 23, 1998) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 41 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Haas Factory Team and part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 0 Chevrolet Camaro SS for SS-Green Light Racing with BRK Racing. He is the son of Joe Custer, the team president of HFT. He is the 2023 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion.
2013 Murang'a local elections
The 2013 gubernatorial elections for Murang'a County, Kenya, were held on 4 March 2013. Under the new constitution, which was passed in a 2010 referendum, the 2013 general elections were the first in which Governors and members of the County Assemblies for the newly created counties were elected.  They will also be the first general elections run by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission(IEBC) which has released the official list of candidates.

2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Kenya on 4 August 2010. Voters were asked whether they approved of a proposed new constitution, which had been passed by the National Assembly on 1 April 2010. The new constitution was seen as a vital step to avoid a repetition of the violent outbursts after the 2007 general elections.

The result was a victory for the "Yes" campaign, with 68.6% of voters approving the constitution. The "No" campaign's main spokesman, Higher Education Minister William Ruto, conceded defeat. The new constitution came into force on 27 August.
Ilya Shymanovich
Ilya Syarheyevich Shymanovich (Belarusian: Ілья Сяргеевіч Шымановіч; born 2 August 1994) is a Belarusian swimmer. He is the world record holder in the short course 100 metre breaststroke and a former world record holder in the short course 50 metre breaststroke. At the 2018 World Championships he won two silver medals, one each in the 100 metre breaststroke and the 50 metre breaststroke. He won two gold medals, one in the 50 metre breaststroke and one in the 200 metre breaststroke, and a silver medal, in the 100 metre breaststroke, at the 2021 European Short Course Championships. At the 2021 World Short Course Championships he won the gold medal in the 100 metre breaststroke.

Swimming World
Swimming World is a US-based quarterly swimming magazine that was first published in a magazine format as Junior Swimmer in January 1960. It concurrently runs online websites Swimming World Magazine and Swimming World News (known as SwimInfo prior to 2006).
Bell Hoppy
Bell Hoppy is a 1954 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon short directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on April 17, 1954, and stars Sylvester the Cat and Hippety Hopper.

The story sees Sylvester in his "mouse chaser" persona, once again confusing baby kangaroo Hippety Hopper for a giant mouse. This plot is intertwined with a reversal of the "belling the cat" fable from the Middle Ages; instead of mice wanting to avoid becoming prey to a hungry cat, here, a pack of starving alley cats hope to place a bell around the neck of the largest mouse they can find, so that upon its approach, they can ambush it, kill it and feast on its carcass. Sylvester comes into the picture when – wanting to join a fraternal organization called "the Loyal Order of Alley Cats Mouse and Chowder Club" – he is offered the opportunity for membership by the leader of the club by successfully placing the bell around the mouse's neck.

Robert McKimson
Robert Porter McKimson Sr. (October 13, 1910 – September 29, 1977) was an American animator and illustrator, best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. Cartoons and later DePatie–Freleng Enterprises. He wrote and directed many animated cartoon shorts starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Foghorn Leghorn, Hippety Hopper, Speedy Gonzales, and the Tasmanian Devil, among other characters. He also developed Bugs Bunny's design in the 1943 short Tortoise Wins by a Hare.
Dave Castle
Dave Castle, also known as Fernan-Núñez Castle (French: Château de Dave, Château Fernan-Núñez) is a château in the village of Dave, Wallonia, also known as Dave-sur-Meuse, now a part of the city of Namur, Belgium.

The château stands on the banks of the Meuse. It was originally a medieval structure, the centre of power of the influential sieurs de Dave, but was ruined in the 17th century, and re-constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries by the Dukes of Fernan-Nuñez, whence the alternative name.

Dave, Namur
Dave (French pronunciation: [dav]; Walloon: Dåve) is a sub-municipality of the city of Namur located in the province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1 January 1977, when it was merged into Namur.

It is on the right bank of the Meuse, 7 km (4.3 mi) south of the city centre.
Almazán
Almazán (Spanish pronunciation: [almaˈθan]) is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 5,843 inhabitants. It is also the seat of the judicial district of Almazán, and ecclesiastically it belongs to the Diocese of Osma, a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Burgos. Connected via the Autovía A-15 and Carretera nacional N-111, it is situated 194 kilometres (121 mi) by road northeast of Madrid. The town lies on the east bank of the Duero river.

Archdiocese of Burgos
The Archdiocese of Burgos (Latin: Archidioecesis Burgensis) is  Latin Metropolitan sees of the Catholic Church in Spain.

Its ecclesiastical province includes four suffragan dioceses:

Bilbao

Osma–Soria

Palencia

Vitoria
Edward Van Winkle
Edward Van Winkle (c. 1839 – July 30, 1891) was an American soldier who fought in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was a recipient of the Medal of Honor.

Also known as Edwin, he was born in Phelps, New York. He fought as Corporal in the 148th New York Volunteer Infantry. He earned his medal on September 29, 1864, at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm, Virginia. He is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, Battle Creek, Michigan.

Battle of Chaffin's Farm
The Battle of Chaffin's Farm and New Market Heights, also known as Laurel Hill and combats at Forts Harrison, Johnson, and Gilmer, was fought in Virginia on September 29–30, 1864, as part of the siege of Petersburg in the American Civil War.
Digerudgrunnen Lighthouse
Digerudgrunnen Lighthouse (Norwegian: Digerudgrunnen fyr) was a coastal lighthouse in the inner Oslofjord, in the municipality of Frogn in Akershus, Norway. It was established in 1871, and closed in 1975. The lighthouse is demolished.

Frogn
Frogn is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  It is part of the Follo traditional region.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Drøbak.  Frogn was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The city of Drøbak was merged with Frogn on 1 January 1962.

Frogn is located at the southern part of the peninsula between the main Oslofjord and Bunnefjorden. It borders Nesodden, Ås, Vestby and Asker.
Pine Line Trail
The Pine Line Trail, also known as Price-Taylor Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail-trail in Taylor and Price Counties in north-central Wisconsin. It is 26.2 miles long, running from farm country around Medford on the south end across the terminal moraine left by the last glacier in the area, passing hills, lakes and swamps, almost reaching Prentice.

Terminal moraine
A terminal moraine, also called an end moraine, is a type of moraine that forms at the terminal (edge) of a glacier, marking its maximum advance. At this point, debris that has accumulated by plucking and abrasion, has been pushed by the front edge of the ice, is driven no further and instead is deposited in an unsorted pile of sediment. Because the glacier acts very much like a conveyor belt, the longer it stays in one place, the greater the amount of material that will be deposited. The moraine is left as the marking point of the terminal extent of the ice.
SubRip
SubRip is a free software program for Microsoft Windows which extracts subtitles and their timings from various video formats to a text file. It is released under the GNU GPL. Its subtitle format's file extension is .srt and is widely supported. Each .srt file is a human-readable file format where the subtitles are stored sequentially along with the timing information. Most subtitles distributed on the Internet are in this format.

GNU
GNU (/ɡnuː/ ⓘ GNOO) is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025), which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).

GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a "technical means to a social end". Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman's book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about "the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice".
Collpacaca (Marcapata)
Collpacaca (possibly from Quechua qullpa salty, salpeter, qaqa rock, "salpeter rock") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District. It is situated northwest of Juchuy Ananta and northeast of Chumpe and Huiscachani. The Huiscachani River flows along its western slope.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Jungia schuerae
Jungia schuerae is a plant species native to west-central Peru. It occurs on dry, rocky open slopes at elevations of 2200–4000 m, primarily in the regions of Lima and Ancash Regions but also in neighboring areas.

Jungia schueraeis a branching shrub up to 2.5 m tall. Leaves are without stipules; blades are round to heart-shaped in general outline, up to 10 cm long and 11 cm wide, with 5–7 palmate lobes. Flower heads are born in a dense paniculate array. Each head contains 17–25 pale yellow flowers.

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
U & Cube Festival 2019 in Japan
U & Cube Festival 2019 in Japan is the first joint concert of 'U-Cube' that was established in November 2018 by Cube Entertainment and the Japanese subsidiary of Universal Music Japan. The concert takes place at Musashino Forest Sport Plaza in Tokyo. The event is scheduled nine months after United Cube Concert – One concert held at KINTEX. The concert was attended by 6,000 fans.

Universal Music Japan
Universal Music LLC (Japanese: ユニバーサル ミュージック合同会社, Hepburn: Yunibāsaru myūjikku Gōdō gaisha), often referred to as just Universal Music Japan or UMJ, is a Japanese subsidiary of the Universal Music Group founded in 1990. It is the largest subsidiary for a foreign company in Japan regarding music distribution. The company is responsible for marketing and distribution in Japan for Japanese releases under Universal.

As of 2019, Universal Japan holds the second most shares in the Japanese music market, behind Sony Music Japan, and is followed by Avex.