hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977
Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977 or Saccharin Study, Labeling and Advertising Act was a United States federal statute endorsing requirements for a scientific observation regarding the impurities in, potential toxicity, and problematic carcinogenicity of saccharin, a sugar substitute. The Act of Congress invoked an immediate eighteen month moratorium prohibiting the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from pursuing regulatory implications by limiting the production and use of saccharin. The Act codified a warning label requirement advocating the non-nutritive sweetener had been discovered to yield carcinogenicity in laboratory animals.

The S. 1750 legislation was passed by the 95th Congressional session and signed into law by the 39th President of the United States Jimmy Carter on November 23, 1977.

Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:

in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including land-use regulation

in economy: regulatory economics

in finance: financial regulation

in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and,

in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis;

in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals.
Serhiy Holovatyi
Serhiy Petrovych Holovatyi (Ukrainian: Сергій Петрович Головатий; born 29 May 1954) is a Ukrainian lawyer, politician, former member of parliament, and former Minister of Justice of Ukraine. He is a judge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and has been the Acting Chairman of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine since 29 December 2020. He served as a Member of the Ukrainian Parliament during the I to VI convocations and as the Minister of Justice of Ukraine in 1995-1997 and 2005-2006. He is a former member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). In the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, he was a member of various parliamentary factions and groups, including Our Ukraine, BYuT (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc), and the Party of Regions.

Party of Regions
The Party of Regions (Ukrainian: Партія регіонів, romanized: Partiia rehioniv, pronounced [ˈpɑrt⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ reɦiˈɔn⁽ʲ⁾iu̯]; Russian: Партия регионов, romanized: Partiya regionov) was a pro-Russian political party in Ukraine formed in late 1997 that used to be the largest party in Ukraine between 2006 and 2014.

Since the Revolution of Dignity, the party has not competed in elections and members have slowly dispersed; the last election in which the party participated was the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election. The best-known former party members are former prime minister Mykola Azarov and former president of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych; both fled to Russia in February 2014 after Euromaidan.

The Ukrainian Eighth Administrative Court of Appeal banned the party on 21 February 2023.
2010 Clydesdale Bank 40
The 2010 Clydesdale Bank 40 tournament was the inaugural ECB 40 limited overs cricket competition for the English and Welsh first-class counties. In addition to the 18 counties, Scotland and the Netherlands took part, as well as the Unicorns, a team of players who did not have first-class contracts.

The competition consisted of three groups of seven teams, from which the top team from each group, plus the best second-placed team, progressed to the semi-finals.

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.
Phyllonorycter iochrysis
Phyllonorycter iochrysis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Bihar, India.

The larvae feed on Ziziphus jujuba and Ziziphus mauritiana. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Jujube
Jujube (UK /ˈdʒuːdʒuːb/; US /ˈdʒudʒub/ or /ˈdʒudʒəbiː/), sometimes jujuba, scientific name Ziziphus jujuba, and also called red date, Chinese date, and Chinese jujube, is a species in the genus Ziziphus in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae. It is often confused with the closely related Indian jujube, Z. mauritiana. The jujube tolerates a diverse range of climates, from temperate to tropical. Its origin is thought to be in eastern Asia, but it has been widely dispersed through cultivation, and is today cultivated in gardens as a shrub as well as in agriculture as a food crop. Its fruit is eaten freshly harvested as well as dried and candied.
Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens
The Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens (AAIA) (Greek: Αυστραλιανό Αρχαιολογικό Ινστιτούτο Αθηνών) is one of the seventeen foreign archaeological institutes in Greece. Founded in 1980, it aims to promote Greek studies in Australia, as well as to enable Australian scholars to engage in archaeological fieldwork in Greece. The Institute has been involved in projects in excavations at Torone (Greek Macedonia), Zagora (Andros), and in the Paliochora survey (Kythira).

Andros
Andros (Greek: Άνδρος, pronounced [ˈanðros]) is the northernmost island of the Greek Cyclades archipelago, about 10 km (6 mi) southeast of Euboea, and about 3 km (2 mi) north of Tinos. It is nearly 40 km (25 mi) long, and its greatest breadth is 16 km (10 mi). It is for the most part mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys. The municipality, which includes the island Andros and several small, uninhabited islands, has an area of 380 km2 (147 sq mi). The largest towns are Andros, Gavrio, Batsi, and Ormos Korthiou.

Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, was built into a steep hillside, and the breakwater of its harbor can still be seen underwater. At the village of Apoikia, there is the notable spring of Sariza, where the water flows from a sculpted stone lion's head. Andros also offers hiking options with many new paths being added each year.
D'Oyly Carte Island
D'Oyly Carte Island is a small private island in the River Thames, England, administratively and historically part of Weybridge, near its other inhabited islands and near part of Old Shepperton, on the reach above Sunbury Lock, 200 metres downstream from Shepperton Lock. Before 1890 the island was known as Folly Eyot. The impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte bought the island in about 1890 and built the 13-bedroom Eyot House on the property, completed in 1898. His widow sold the island, and it was last sold in 2021.

Shepperton Lock
Shepperton Lock is a lock on the River Thames, in England by the left bank at Shepperton, Surrey. It is across the river from Weybridge which is nearby linked by a passenger ferry.

In 1813, the City of London Corporation built the pound lock and the short cuts (cuttings) – the nearer expanded an existing meander cutoff, beyond which lies a fresh cutting and old main stream of the river. These each have associated weirs. Shepperton Weir is between Shepperton Lock Island and Hamhaugh Island; and Shepperton Upper Weir is between Hamhaugh Island and the Hamm Court area of Addlestone, Surrey on the opposite bank.

Upstream of the lock island is the Thames Court pub/restaurant on the near bank, downstream of Pharaoh's Island which was given to Lord Nelson after the Battle of the Nile in 1798. The lock is the fifth from the estuary of the river of a total of forty-five.
1798 Maryland's 7th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Maryland's 7th congressional district on November 29, 1798, to fill a vacancy left by the death of Representative-election Joshua Seney (DR) before the start of the 6th Congress.

Joshua Seney
Joshua Seney (March 4, 1756 – October 20, 1798) was an American farmer and lawyer from Queen Anne's County, Maryland. He represented the state of Maryland in the Continental Congress, and the second district of Maryland in the House of Representatives.
Special road
A special road is a road or highway (these terms have different meaning in different jurisdictions in the UK) in the United Kingdom reserved for use by special classes of traffic; such roads include but are not limited to motorways. For a road to be designated a special road, the status must in England and Wales be provided by a scheme under the Highways Act 1980; in Scotland special roads are provided for in the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984; in Northern Ireland, legislation commenced with the Special Roads Act (Northern Ireland) 1963 (c. 12 (N.I.)).

History of roads in Ireland
53°35′10″N 6°42′34″W﻿ / ﻿53.58615°N 6.70938°W﻿ / 53.58615; -6.70938

There have been routes and trackways in Ireland connecting settlements and facilitating trade since ancient times and the country now has an extensive network of public roads connecting all parts of the island.
Turkish nationalism
Turkish nationalism (Turkish: Türk milliyetçiliği) is nationalism among the people of Turkey and individuals whose national identity is Turkish. Turkish nationalism consists of political and social movements and sentiments prompted by a love for Turkish culture, Turkish language and history, and a sense of pride in Turkey and Turkish people. While national consciousness in Turkish nation can be traced back centuries, nationalism has been a predominant determinant of Turkish attitudes mainly since the 20th century. Modern Turkish nationalism rose during the Tanzimat era. It also has a complicated relationship with Muslim identity, Pan-Turkism, and Turanism.

Turkish nationality law
Turkish nationality law is based primarily on the principle of jus sanguinis. Children who are born to a Turkish mother or a Turkish father (in or out of marriage) are Turkish citizens from birth. The intention to renounce Turkish citizenship (or acquire citizenship from another state) is submitted in Turkey by a petition to the highest administrative official in the concerned person's place of residence, and when overseas to the Turkish consulate. Documents processed by these authorities are forwarded to the Ministry of Interior (Turkey) for appropriate action.
Chagda, Aldansky District, Sakha Republic
Chagda (Russian: Чагда) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Chagdinsky Rural Okrug of Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 380 kilometers (240 mi) from Aldan, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 218, down from 368 recorded during the 2002 Census and 682 recorded during the 1989 Census.

Aldansky District
Aldansky District (Russian: Алда́нский улу́с; Yakut: Алдан улууһа, Aldan uluuha, [aldan uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia.
2-Butanol
Butan-2-ol, or sec-butanol, is an organic compound with formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. Its structural isomers are 1-butanol, isobutanol, and tert-butanol. 2-Butanol is chiral and thus can be obtained as either of two stereoisomers designated as (R)-(−)-butan-2-ol and (S)-(+)-butan-2-ol. It is normally encountered as a 1:1 mixture of the two stereoisomers — a racemic mixture.

This secondary alcohol is a flammable, colorless liquid that is soluble in three parts water and completely miscible with organic solvents. It is produced on a large scale, primarily as a precursor to the industrial solvent methyl ethyl ketone.

Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture or racemate (/reɪˈsiːmeɪt, rə-, ˈræsɪmeɪt/) is a mixture that has equal amounts (50:50) of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt. Racemic mixtures are rare in nature, but many compounds are produced industrially as racemates.
Myles Powell
Myles Blake Powell (born July 7, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Shandong Hi-Speed Kirin of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He played college basketball for the Seton Hall Pirates.

Butler Bulldogs men's basketball
The Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team represents Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana. The school's team currently competes in the Big East Conference. They play their home games at Hinkle Fieldhouse.
Das Quiz mit Jörg Pilawa
Das Quiz mit Jörg Pilawa was a German quiz show broadcast on Tuesdays to Fridays on Das Erste from 25 July 2001 to 7 September 2010, and again from Monday to Friday from 30 November 2020 to 15 April 2021.

The show was piloted in the UK under the name Veto, hosted by Esther McVey, but was not commissioned.

Das Erste
Das Erste (German: [das ˈʔeːɐ̯stə]; "The First") is the flagship national television channel of the ARD association of public broadcasting corporations in Germany, jointly operated by the nine regional public broadcasting corporations that are members of the ARD.

The channel was launched on 25 December 1952 as NWDR-Fernsehen and renamed to Deutsches Fernsehen in 1954. Since 1996, the official brand is Das Erste; the full name Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen (First German Television) is still used before every major news edition. In colloquial speech, the station is usually called Erstes Programm ("First Channel"), or by its metonym, ARD.
WRLA
WRLA (1490 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to West Point, Georgia, United States, the station is currently owned by Tiger Communications, Inc. and features programming from ABC Radio.

West Point, Georgia
West Point is a city in Troup and Harris counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is located approximately halfway between Montgomery, Alabama and Atlanta along Interstate 85. As of 2020, its population was 3,719. Most of the city is in Troup County, which is part of the LaGrange micropolitan statistical area, and hence part of the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA combined statistical area. A sliver in the south is in Harris County, which is part of the Columbus metropolitan statistical area.
Plan Serena
Plan Serena was a major urbanistic project in the Chilean city of La Serena which included restoring the old city, building new public schools and new buildings for several public services. The project took place between 1948 and 1952 and left La Serena with its characteristic neocolonial (i.e. Spanish Colonial Revival) architecture style. The works were not restricted to La Serena but included the whole province including the port city of Coquimbo. The project took place during the presidency of Gabriel González Videla, a native of La Serena.

Coquimbo
Coquimbo [koˈkimbo] is a port city, commune and capital of the Elqui Province, located on the Pan-American Highway, in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. Coquimbo is situated in a valley 10 km (6 mi) south of La Serena, with which it forms Greater La Serena with more than 400,000 inhabitants. The commune spans an area around the harbor of 1,429.3 km2 (552 sq mi). The average temperature in the city lies around 14 °C (57 °F), and precipitation is low.
Pray for Me Brother
"Pray for Me Brother" is a single by Indian composer A. R. Rahman. Released in 2007, being one of the earliest vertical music videos, the song was conceived as an anti-poverty anthem for the Millennium Goals for the United Nations. It is part of a joint venture between the A. R. Rahman Foundation and Nokia.

The song had lyrics by A. R. Rahman and Blaaze with additional lyrics by Sukhwinder Singh. The main vocalist was Rahman himself, while Blaaze accompanied him by providing backing vocals. Clinton Cerejo, Dominique Cerejo, Vivienne Pocha and Hrishikesh Kamerkar have also provided backing vocals.

The video of the album was directed and conceived by Bharatbala of BharatBala Productions, who is a usual associate for Rahman's album videos.
It has been shoot by the ace cinematographer Tassaduq Hussain Mufti.

Sukhwinder Singh
Sukhwinder Singh (born 18 July 1971) is an Indian playback singer who primarily sings Bollywood songs. He sang "Jai Ho" in the film Slumdog Millionaire, for which he won a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media. He has also received two Filmfare awards for his singing.

He also sang the song "Chaiyya Chaiyya" in the film Dil Se.., in a duet with Sapna Awasthi.
Vincent Adler
Vincent Adler (3 April 1826, Győr – 4 January 1871, Geneva) was a Hungarian composer and pianist.

Adler received his initial musical training from his brother-in-law Ferenc Erkel and later studied in Vienna, before finally settling in Paris. From Paris, he embarked on numerous concert tours of Europe as a soloist. In 1864, he started teaching at the Geneva Conservatory.

Adler composed many études and virtuosic salon pieces for the piano, which were filled with Hungarian colour.

Étude
An étude (/ˈeɪtjuːd/; French: [e.tyd]) or study is an instrumental musical composition designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular musical skill. The tradition of writing études emerged in the early 19th century with the rapidly growing popularity of the piano. Of the vast number of études from that era, some are still used as teaching material (particularly pieces by Carl Czerny and Muzio Clementi), and a few, by major composers such as Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt and Claude Debussy, achieved a place in today's concert repertory. Études written in the 20th century include those related to traditional ones (György Ligeti) and those that require wholly unorthodox technique (John Cage).
Laura Ritchie
Laura Ritchie (born November 1973, in the United States) is a cellist and Professor of Learning and Teaching in Music at the University of Chichester, where she leads the Music with Teaching (Instrumental / Vocal), MA Performance Programmes, and an annual Cello Weekend.

In 2012, she was awarded a National Teaching Fellowship from the Higher Education Academy. She has published two books: Fostering Self-efficacy in Higher Education Students and California Dreaming.

Laura Ritchie studied cello in America with Hans Jørgen Jensen and in London with Steven Doane. She is a member of the Brighton-based band The Mummers.

Advance HE
Advance HE (formerly the Higher Education Academy) is a British charity and professional membership scheme promoting excellence in higher education. It advocates evidence-based teaching methods and awards fellowships as professional recognition for university teachers. Founded in 2003, the Higher Education Academy was responsible for the UK Professional Standards Framework for higher education practitioners and merged (with the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education and Equality Challenge Unit) to form Advance HE on 21 March 2018.
J. D. Griggs
John D. Griggs (born November 5, 1990) is an American football defensive end for the Beaumont Renegades of the National Arena League (NAL). He played college football for the University of Akron. He went undrafted during the 2013 NFL draft, and signed as an undrafted free agent with the Jacksonville Jaguars.

Beaumont Renegades
The Beaumont Renegades are a professional indoor football team based in Beaumont, Texas.  They are slated to play their home games at the Ford Arena, located at the Doggett Ford Park in Beaumont.  They were initially members of American Indoor Football, but went dormant until 2025 where they became members of the National Arena League (which the previous AIF teams had merged with).  They  won the league's championship in their inaugural season and have since joined Arena Football One.
Ernest Gerard Wright
Ernest Gerard "Ernie" Wright, (10 July 1901 – 16 January 1981) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council for the Australian Labor Party (New South Wales Branch) for 29 years from 1943 to 1973 and also served as Chairman of Committees from 1953 to 1967. He also served as an Alderman on Newtown Municipal Council from 1944 to 1948, including from July to December as Mayor, being the last holder of that office before the council's amalgamation with the City of Sydney.

President of the New South Wales Legislative Council
The President of the New South Wales Legislative Council is the presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of New South Wales, the Legislative Council. The presiding officer of the lower house is the speaker of the Legislative Assembly. The role of President has generally been a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time. As of May 2023, the president is Ben Franklin.
Jack Ormston
John Glaholme Ormston (born 30 October 1909 in West Cornforth - died 22 June 2007) was a motorcycle speedway rider who finished runner-up in the Star Riders' Championship in 1935,  the forerunner to the Speedway World Championship. He also competed in the first ever World Final in 1936 (finishing equal fifth). He earned 14 international caps for the England national speedway team.

Star Riders' Championship
The Star Riders' Championship was the forerunner of the Speedway World Championship and was inaugurated in 1929. The competition was sponsored by The Star, which was a London evening newspaper at that time.

For the first year it was split into two sections, Britain and Overseas, as it was felt that the Australians and Americans were too strong for the British riders.

The format changed over the years until by 1935 it was run in the 16 riders 20-heat formula that was to become the recognised formula for the World Championship and most other individual events until the advent of the Grand Prix in 1995. When the World Championship was inaugurated in 1936, the Star Riders' Championship ceased.
Horseshoe Mesa
Horseshoe Mesa is a 5,246-foot-elevation mesa-summit located in the eastern Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, United States. It is located 1.5 mi south of the Colorado River and Granite Gorge; also 4 mi due-south of the Cape Royal overlook, and ~2.0 mi northwest from Grandview Point, of the East South Rim, Grand Canyon. The Grandview Trail descends to Horseshoe Mesa, then drops down to meet the (mostly horizontal trail, on the Tonto Platform), the Tonto Trail.

Horseshoe Mesa is shaped like a horseshoe, legs facing due-north towards the Colorado. The mesa is a mostly flat upper platform of Redwall Limestone, with its tall cliffs elevating the mesa. A peak of Supai Group is the prominence, at the mesa's south end.

Supai Group
The Supai Group is a slope-forming sequence of mixed red beds and limestones that outcrop in the Colorado Plateau. The group was laid down during the Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian. Cliff-forming interbeds  of sandstone are noticeable throughout the group. The Supai Group is quite well exposed throughout the Grand Canyon in northwest Arizona, as well as local regions of southwest Utah, such as the Virgin River valley region. Known as the Supai Formation, it occurs in Arizona at Chino Point, Sycamore Canyon, and famously at Sedona as parts of Oak Creek Canyon. In the Sedona region, it is overlain by the Hermit Formation, and the colorful Schnebly Hill Formation. The Supai Group has been traced westward into the Great Basin in Nevada and California. and recognized in Paleozoic metamorphic strata exposed in the Big Maria Mountains, northeastern Riverside County, southeastern California.