hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Goniothalamus elegans
Goniothalamus elegans is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Thailand and Vietnam. Suzanne Jovet-Ast, the French botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its elegant (elegans in Latin) thin, flexible leaves.

Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
Bill Sparks
William Edward Sparks DSM (5 September 1922 – 1 December 2002) was a British Royal Marine Commando in World War II. He was the last survivor of the "Cockleshell Heroes" of Operation Frankton in 1942; a team of commandos who paddled 85 miles from the Bay of Biscay up the Gironde estuary to Bordeaux in German occupied France, to plant limpet mines on merchant ships supplying the Nazi war machine.

Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, -ki/ BISS-kay, -⁠kee) also known as the Gulf of Biscay or the Gulf of Gascony is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward to Cape Ortegal.

The average depth is 1,744 m (5,722 ft) and the greatest depth is 4,735 m (15,535 ft).
Balestrate
Balestrate (Sicilian: Sicciara) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Italian region Sicily, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Palermo. As of 31 July 2015, it had a population of 6,505 and an area of 3.9 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi).

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Moraków
Moraków [mɔˈrakuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Świętej Małgorzaty, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Góra Świętej Małgorzaty, 13 km (8 mi) east of Łęczyca, and 29 km (18 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca
Łęczyca (pronounced [wɛnˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa]; in full the Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca; German: Lentschitza; Yiddish: לונטשיץ, romanized: Lintshits, Luntshits) is a town of 13,587 inhabitants in central Poland. Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the county seat of the Łęczyca County. Łęczyca is a capital of the historical Łęczyca Land.
Lucas Carlisle
Lucas Jonathon Carlisle (born 1 June 1988) is an English cricketer. Carlisle is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire and was educated at Worksop College.

While studying for his degree at Durham University, Carlisle made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Derbyshire in 2008. He made a further first-class appearances for the university in 2008, against Durham. In his two first-class matches, he scored 28 runs at an average of 14.00, with a high score of 18 not out.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Dialog (software)
Dialog is an application used in shell scripts which displays text user interface widgets. It uses the curses or ncurses library. The latter provides users with the ability to use a mouse, e.g., in an xterm.

Dialog was created by Savio Lam (first reported version 0.3 was in 1994).
It was further modified by several people.
Since 1999 it has been maintained (and rewritten) by Thomas Dickey.

At least one fork exists,
a FreeBSD-only split into application and library in late 1994. One might also consider lxdialog (part of menuconfig), except that it has been reduced to fragments that can no longer run dialog scripts.

There are several programs inspired by dialog; not all read the same scripts.
The most well-known are Xdialog and whiptail.

Shell script
A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages. Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing text. A script which sets up the environment, runs the program, and does any necessary cleanup or logging, is called a wrapper.

The term is also used more generally to mean the automated mode of running an operating system shell; each operating system uses a particular name for these functions including batch files (MSDos-Win95 stream, OS/2), command procedures (VMS), and shell scripts (Windows NT stream and third-party derivatives like Take Command/4NT—article is at cmd.exe), and mainframe operating systems are associated with a number of terms.

All Unix-like systems include at least one POSIX shell (typically either bash or the zsh compatibility mode).
Bellabeg
Bellabeg (an anglicisation of Scottish Gaelic: Am Baile Beag, 'the small farmtown') is a small roadside settlement in Strathdon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Amenities in Bellabeg include a Spar shop, a village hall, a green where the Highland Games are held, and the road to Lost with the famous signs pointing to "Lost".

Bellabeg lies on the north side of the River Don opposite the village of Strathdon.

Spar (retailer)
SPAR, originally "DESPAR", styled as "DE SPAR" (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈspɑr]), is a Dutch multinational franchise that provides branding, supplies and support services for independently owned and operated food retail stores. It was founded in the Netherlands in 1932, by Adriaan van Well, although the largest number of stores are located in the United Kingdom.

Its headquarters are in Amsterdam. The company operates a partnership programme and has a presence in most European countries, as well as throughout Asia, Africa and Oceania.

In fiscal year 2022, SPAR earned €43.5 billion in global sales, which represented a 5.6 percent increase over the previous year.

By 2024, the group had 13,900 stores in 48 countries.
Serge Lebovici
Serge Lebovici (French: [ləbɔvisi]; 10 June 1915, Paris – 11 August 2000, Marvejols) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.

Lebovici was particularly interested in the psychoanalysis of children, and contributed to introducing the thought of Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott to France. He evolved an interest in the theories of John Bowlby.

He was president of the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) from 1973 to 1977.

Donald Winnicott
Donald Woods Winnicott  (7 April 1896 – 25 January 1971) was an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst who was especially influential in the field of object relations theory and developmental psychology. He was a leading member of the British Independent Group of the British Psychoanalytical Society, President of the British Psychoanalytical Society twice (1956–1959 and 1965–1968), and a close associate of British writer and psychoanalyst Marion Milner.

Winnicott is best known for his ideas on the true self and false self, the "good enough" parent, and he and his second wife, Clare, arguably his chief professional collaborator, worked with the notion of the transitional object. He wrote several books, including Playing and Reality, and more than 200 papers.
2000 Pilot Pen Tennis
The 2000 Pilot Pen Tennis was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the Pilot Pen Tennis, and is part of the Tier II Series of the 2000 WTA Tour. It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut in the United States, from August 20 through August 26, 2000. First-seeded Venus Williams won the singles title.

WTA Tier II tournaments
The WTA Tier II tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis second-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed tournament categories, so that majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments from the previous season were in one category, the WTA Premier Tournaments.
Samari, Nepal
Samari is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,462 people living in 920 individual households.

Bagmati Zone
Bagmati Zone (Nepali: बागमती अञ्चलListenⓘ Bāgmatī Añcal) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restoration of zones to Provinces. Its headquarters are Kathmandu. It was named after the Bagmati River. It was in the Central Development Region of Nepal. The districts are now all part of Bagmati Province. The zone contains the Kathmandu Valley with its conurbation of 4.5 million inhabitants.
Steroid N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
In enzymology, a steroid N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + estradiol-17alpha 3-D-glucuronoside  UDP + 17alpha-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-estradiol 3-D-glucuronoside

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and estradiol-17alpha 3-D-glucuronoside, whereas its two products are UDP and 17alpha-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-estradiol 3-D-glucuronoside.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:estradiol-17alpha-3-D-glucuronoside 17alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. Other names in common use include hydroxy steroid acetylglucosaminyltransferase, steroid acetylglucosaminyltransferase, uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-steroid, and acetylglucosaminyltransferase.

Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine or UDP-GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism. It is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N-acetylglucosamine residues to substrates. UDP-GlcNAc is used for making glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. D-Glucosamine is made naturally in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, and is the biochemical precursor of all nitrogen-containing sugars. To be specific, glucosamine-6-phosphate is synthesized from fructose 6-phosphate and glutamine as the first step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway.  The end-product of this pathway is UDP-GlcNAc. Some enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-GlcNAc vary between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, serving as potential drug targets for antibiotic development.
Treaty of Bergen
Treaty of Bergen, signed on 29 August 1450 in Bergen, between Norway and Denmark. The agreement was in many ways a continuation of the Kalmar Union founded in 1397, between Norway, Denmark and Sweden, while Norway and Denmark had been in a personal union with a common king since 1380 (with interruptions). The Bergen Treaty stipulated that Norway and Denmark should belong together forever. The choice of king was to be made jointly, and the first king elected was Christian I, from the House of Oldenburg. Furthermore, the kingdoms were to be equal and self-governed. The latter meant that the Norwegian National Council continued its work of governing the country, so that Norway retained a large degree of independence. The treaty lasted for 87 years, and ended when king Christian III in 1537 did a Coup d'état, and made Norway a puppet kingdom.

The House of Oldenburg would remain on the Norwegian throne until 1814, and the Danish throne until 1863.

Riksråd
Riksrådet (in Norwegian and Swedish) or Rigsrådet (in Danish or English: the Council of the Realm and the Council of the State – sometimes translated as the "Privy Council") is the name of the councils of the Scandinavian countries that ruled the countries together with the kings from late Middle Ages to the 17th century. Norway had a Council of the Realm (Riksrådet) that was de facto abolished by the Danish-Norwegian king in 1536–1537. In Sweden the parallel Council gradually came under the influence of the king during the 17th century.
Flower Power (song)
"Flower Power" is the sixth Japanese single released by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. The single was released on November 14, 2012, via digital download on iTunes Japan, with a limited physical release on November 21, 2012. It serves as the third single from their second Japanese studio album, Girls & Peace (2012). Despite limited release, "Flower Power" sold 29,000 copies in its first week, peaking at number five on the Oricon Singles Chart; the single also reached number six on the Billboard Japan Hot 100.

Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Paul J. Vanderploog
Major General Paul J. Vanderploog, USA (born March 22, 1941) is a retired American Quartermaster officer who served as the 41st Quartermaster General of the United States Army from 1989 to 1991. He was inducted into the U.S. Army Quartermaster Foundation's Hall of Fame in 2010.

Quartermaster
Quartermaster is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land armies, a quartermaster is an officer or enlisted soldier who supervises logistics and requisitions, manages stores or barracks, and distributes supplies and provisions. In many navies, a quartermaster is a seaman or petty officer with responsibility for navigation and operation of the helm of a ship.

The term appears to derive from the title of a German royal official, the Quartiermeister. This term meant "master of quarters" (where "quarters" refers to lodging or accommodation). Alternatively, it could have been derived from "master of the quarterdeck" where the helmsman and captain controlled the ship.  The term's first use in English was as a naval term, which entered English in the 15th century via the equivalent French and Dutch naval titles quartier-maître and kwartier-meester, respectively. The term began to refer to army officers in English around 1600.
Tooth polishing
Tooth polishing procedures are done to smooth the surfaces of teeth and restorations. The purpose of polishing is to remove extrinsic stains, remove dental plaque accumulation, increase aesthetics and to reduce corrosion of metallic restorations. Tooth polishing has little therapeutic value and is usually done as a cosmetic procedure after debridement and before fluoride application. Common practice is to use a prophy cup—a small motorized rubber cup—along with an abrasive polishing compound.

Debridement
Debridement is the medical removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue. Removal may be surgical, mechanical, chemical, autolytic (self-digestion), or by maggot therapy.

In podiatry, practitioners such as chiropodists, podiatrists and foot health practitioners remove conditions such as calluses and verrucas.

Debridement is an important part of the healing process for burns and other serious wounds; it is also used for treating some kinds of snake and spider bites.

Sometimes the boundaries of the problem tissue may not be clearly defined. For example, when excising a tumor, there may be micrometastases along the edges of the tumor that are too small to be detected, but if not removed, could cause a relapse. In such circumstances, a surgeon may opt to debride a portion of the surrounding healthy tissue to ensure that the tumor is completely removed.
Trelles (surname)
Trelles is the surname of:

Augusto Barcía Trelles (1881–1961), Spanish politician, briefly acting Prime Minister of Spain

Efraín Trelles (1953–2018), Peruvian historian, writer, journalist and sports commentator

Gustavo Trelles (born 1955), Uruguayan former rally driver

Ignacio Trelles (1916–2020), Mexican football player and coach

Norbert Trelle (born 1942), German Roman Catholic bishop

Rafael Trelles (born 1957), Puerto Rican artist

Ignacio Trelles
Ignacio Trelles Campos (31 July 1916 – 24 March 2020) was a Mexican football player and manager.

Trelles was one of the dominant figures in Mexican football in the 20th century. Over a managerial career that spanned more than four decades, he coached nine clubs in the Primera División and won seven league titles, including back-to-back championships with Toluca and Cruz Azul. Trelles also served as manager of the Mexico national team at the 1962 FIFA World Cup, where the side achieved its first victory in the competition, and again at the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

Alongside Ricardo Ferretti, he is the manager with the most league titles in Mexican football. He managed 1,083 matches in Primera Division, the second-highest total of any coach in the league's history. He also holds the record for the most matches managed as coach of the national team.
Oxanamide
Oxanamide (Quiactin) is an anxiolytic and muscle relaxant which can produce sedative and hypnotic effects in sufficiently high doses.  An uncontrolled trial on patients treated in a clinical gynecology practice published in 1959 found that oxanamide was efficacious in the treatment of anxiety resulting from premenstrual syndrome, menopause, and various other causes, with minimal sedation or other side effects.

Muscle relaxant
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics. Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate and have no central nervous system (CNS) activity. They are often used during surgical procedures and in intensive care and emergency medicine to cause temporary paralysis. Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally acting" muscle relaxants, are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle relaxants, the term is commonly used to refer to spasmolytics only.
Lee Sang-don
Lee Sang-don (born December 4, 1951) is a South Korean legal scholar and a conservative liberal political activist. His liberal philosophy was influenced by American conservatism and neoconservatism, but he is critical of South Korean conservatism. He currently works as a professor at Chung-Ang University. He is a conservative pundit well known for expressing criticisms towards the Lee Myung-bak government. He received criticisms from a group of pro-Lee Myung-bak lawmakers for participating in the restructure of the Saenuri Party (formally Grand National Party) in the past due to his distance with Lee Myung-bak.

He was a member of the National Assembly member of the People's Party, a liberal political party led by Ahn Cheol-soo.

Chung-Ang University
Chung-Ang University (CAU; Korean: 중앙대학교) is a private research university in Seoul, South Korea. The university operates two campuses, with its main campus located in the Dongjak District, of the city, and an additional campus in Anseong, Gyeonggi Province. CAU consists of 16 undergraduate colleges and 16 graduate schools.

Founded as a church-run kindergarten in 1916, it transformed into a school for female kindergarten teachers in 1922. CAU was granted university status in 1953. The university held its centennial anniversary in 2018. It has more than 33,600 undergraduate students, 5,200 graduate students, 700 professors, and 500 more part-time teaching staff. The symbol of the university is a blue dragon.
Hood Nigga
"Hood Nigga" (edited for radio as "Hood Figga") is a song by American hip hop recording artist Gorilla Zoe, released as the lead single from his debut album, Welcome to the Zoo. It was officially released via iTunes, on April 24, 2007. The song was produced by Chris Flame and Dee Jay Dana.

Yung Joc
Jasiel Amon Robinson (born September 20, 1980), better known by his stage name Yung Joc, is an American rapper known for his 2006 single "It's Goin' Down", which peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Prior to its release, he signed with Puff Daddy's Bad Boy South, an imprint of Atlantic Records, in a joint venture with Block Entertainment; the song served as lead single for his debut studio album, New Joc City (2006). The album and its sequel, Hustlenomics (2007), both peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 despite mixed critical responses. He is also known for his guest appearance on T-Pain's 2007 single "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100.
Hasanaginica
Hasanaginica (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [xasanǎginit͡sa]), sometimes rendered as Asanaginica and first published as The Mourning Song of the Noble Wife of the Hasan Aga, is a South Slavic folk ballad, created during the period of 1646–49, in the region of Imotski, which at the time was a part of the Bosnia Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. The author of the poem, whose premise takes place in a Bosnian Muslim cultural context, is unknown.

Zagvozd
Zagvozd is a village and a seat of Zagvozd municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. In 2021 it had a population of 957. It is located 18 km from Imotski, 15 km from Šestanovac, 18 km from Lovreć and 46 km from Vrgorac.