hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JCAMP-DX
JCAMP-DX are text-based file formats created by JCAMP for storing spectroscopic data. It started as a file format for Infrared spectroscopy. It was later expanded to cover Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electron magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Later extensions for good laboratory practice were added to cover contract laboratories needs. Despite all efforts to create an easy to comprehend standards, most vendor implementations differ slightly. An open source implementation exists in Java.

Electron magnetic resonance
In physics, biology and chemistry, electron magnetic resonance (EMR) is an interdisciplinary field that covers both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR, also known as electron spin resonance – ESR) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). EMR looks at electrons rather than nuclei or ions as in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) respectively.
Wilbur T. and Rhoda Stephens Johnson House
Wilbur T. and Rhoda Stephens Johnson House, also known as the Missouri State DAR Headquarters and Roslyn Heights, is a historic home located at Boonville, Cooper County, Missouri. It was built in 1895, and is a three-story, Queen Anne style red brick and limestone dwelling with elements of the Richardsonian Romanesque. It has a full basement, a porte cochere, and a full-length front entrance porch.  It features projecting porches, turrets and bays, a circular tower, and terra cotta panels. It was purchased by the Missouri State Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution for their state headquarters in 1983.: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Cooper County, Missouri
Cooper County is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 17,103. Its county seat is Boonville. The county was organized December 17, 1818, and named for Sarshell Cooper, a frontier settler who was killed by Native Americans near Arrow Rock in 1814. It is a part of the Columbia, Missouri metropolitan area.
Mitsubishi Ki-1
The Mitsubishi Ki-1, also known as Mitsubishi Army Type 93 Heavy Bomber, was a bomber built by Mitsubishi for the Imperial Japanese Army in the 1930s. The Ki-1 design was heavily based on the Junkers K 37, and the prototype flew in the early 1930s.

Despite its antiquated appearance, the Ki-1 was used in Manchukuo and in North China during the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War in areas where danger from enemy fighter aircraft was minimal.

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Umesh Chandra Banerjee
Umesh Chandra Banerjee (18 November 1937 – 5 November 2012) was a Bengali Indian jurist, who served as the chief justice of the Hyderabad High Court in 1998. He had also served as a permanent judge of the Calcutta High Court and as a judge of the Supreme Court of India.

Scottish Church College
Scottish Church College is a college affiliated by Calcutta University, India. It offers selective co-educational undergraduate and postgraduate studies and is the oldest continuously running Christian liberal arts and sciences college in Asia. It has been rated (A) by the Indian National Assessment and Accreditation Council. Students and alumni call themselves "Caledonians" in the name of the college festival, "Caledonia". The Scottish Church College has been embellished as GRADE-I Heritage Building on 8 November 2023.
Klip River (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Klip River (Afrikaans: Kliprivier) was a constituency in the Natal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1953 and again from 1966 to 1994. It covered a region of northwestern Natal along its namesake river, centred on the town of Ladysmith. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

Klip River (KwaZulu-Natal)
The Klip River is a main tributary of the Tugela River in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The river originates on the west side of KwaZulu-Natal, initially flows eastward and then swings southward. It flows into the Windsor Dam, and then into the larger Qedusizi Dam before flowing east again. The river passes through Ladysmith before joining the Tugela River.

For a brief period in the mid-19th century, a Klip River Republic was declared in the area by Boer settlers, before being annexed by the British.
Giuseppe Ottolenghi
Giuseppe Ottolenghi (1838–1904) was an Italian general and politician .

He distinguished himself during the second and third Italian Wars of Independence, and then during his repression of the brigandage, serving as commander of the 12th, 4th and First army corps. From 14 May 1902 to October 21, 1903, he was minister of war under the Zanardelli cabinet, and a senator of the Kingdom of Italy.

Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy
The Italian Risorgimento was celebrated by a series of medals set up by the three kings who ruled during the long process of unification – the Commemorative Medal for the Campaigns of the War of Independence and the various versions of the Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy, which were granted by the Kingdom of Italy to those who had taken part in the military operations which had led to Italian independence and later to all who participated in the First World War, since at that time it was traditionally held that Italy completed its unification with the annexation of the Trentino. Its final awards were to participants in the March on Rome and the Impresa di Fiume.
Rhagadiolus
Rhagadiolus is a genus of plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East.

Species

Rhagadiolus edulis Gaertn. - from Portugal + Morocco to Iran

Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn. - from Britain to Canary Islands + Caucasus; naturalized in California (Sonoma + Napa Counties)

formerly included

numerous species now considered better suited to other genera: Crepis Garhadiolus Hedypnois Hyoseris Koelpinia Leontodon

Napa County, California
Napa County (/ˈnæpə/ ⓘ) is a county north of San Pablo Bay located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 138,019. The county seat is the City of Napa. Napa County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Parts of the county's territory were given to Lake County in 1861.

Napa County comprises the Napa, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is one of four North Bay counties.

Napa County, once the producer of many different crops, is known today for its regional wine industry. Napa County rose to the first rank of wine regions, along with France, when local wineries Stag's Leap Wine Cellars and Chateau Montelena won the "Judgment of Paris" in 1976.
Mill Covered Bridge (Belvidere, Vermont)
The Mill Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that crosses the North Branch Lamoille River on Back Road in Belvidere, Vermont.  Built about 1890, it is one of two surviving covered bridges in the rural community. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Stefan Herre (politician)
Stefan Herre (born 1992) is a German politician. From 2016 to 2021, he was a member of the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg. He was the youngest member of the Landtag elected in the 2016 state election. He has been a member of the Christian Democratic Union since 2025, and was a member of the Alternative for Germany from 2013 to 2019.

Baby of the House
Baby of the House is the unofficial title given to the youngest member of a parliamentary house. The term is most often applied to members of the British parliament, from which the term originated. The title is named after the Father of the House, which is given to the longest-serving member of the British and other parliaments.
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a subtype of the rhabdomyosarcoma family of soft tissue cancers whose lineage is from mesenchymal cells and are related to skeletal muscle cells. ARMS tumors resemble the alveolar tissue in the lungs. Tumor location varies from patient to patient, but is commonly found in the head and neck region, male and female urogenital tracts, the torso, and extremities.

Two fusion proteins can be associated with ARMS, but are not necessary: PAX3-FKHR (now known as FOXO1) and PAX7-FKHR. In children and adolescents ARMS accounts for about 1 percent of all malignancies, has an incidence rate of 1 per million, and most cases occur sporadically with no genetic predisposition. PAX3-FOXO1 is now known to drive cancer-promoting gene expression programs through creation of distant genetic elements called super enhancers.

Genitourinary system
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged together. In placental mammals (including humans), the male urethra goes through and opens into the penis while the female urethra and vagina empty through the vulva.

The term "apparatus urogenitalis" was used in Nomina Anatomica (under splanchnologia) but is not used in the current Terminologia Anatomica.
Christian Meeting House
Christian Meeting House (Petersburg Christian Church) is a historic church meeting house at 6561 Tanner Street in Petersburg, Kentucky.

The  original congregation was organized in 1824 by Alexander Campbell from Virginia.  The structure was built in 1840 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

The architecture reflects the shift in styles from the classical Greek Revival to the more romantic or picturesque forms prevalent in Boone County during the period 1835–1890. Stylistic modifications to the building made  in the 1870s include grouped brackets at the eaves, a decorative gable-peak of Gothic origins, and a louvered bell tower with pilasters and a concave-pyramidal peak.

Meeting house
A meeting house (also spelled meetinghouse or meeting-house) is a building for religious and sometimes private meetings. It is primarily associated with Christian worship of certain movements after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, or later movements that developed from a Christian basis.
Michel Bordet
Michel Étienne Bordet (? – Paris, 17 March 1892) was a 19th-century French playwright, actor and chansonnier.

An actor at the Théâtre de Belleville, on 1 February 1858 he established the review Paris chanté. Journal artistique, littéraire, poétique et de chansons commerciales which would be published until April.

Stage manager of the théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique from 1846, his plays were presented, among other, at the Théâtre Beaumarchais and the Théâtre-Lyrique.

Stage management
Stage management is a broad field that is generally defined as the practice of organization and coordination of an event or theatrical production. Stage management may encompass a variety of activities including overseeing of the rehearsal process and coordinating communications among various production teams and personnel. Stage management requires a general understanding of all aspects of production and provides complete organization to ensure the process runs smoothly and efficiently.

A stage manager is an individual who has overall responsibility for stage management and the smooth execution of a theatrical production. Stage management may be performed by an individual in small productions, while larger productions typically employ a stage management team consisting of a head stage manager, or production stage manager, and one or more assistant stage managers.
Bluntisham railway station
Bluntisham railway station was a station in Bluntisham, Cambridgeshire on the Ely and St Ives Railway. The station closed for regular passenger services in 1931 but was used for special excursion trains until 1958 
The station had a single platform, a signal box, and a goods shed on a loop.

Bluntisham
Bluntisham is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,003. Bluntisham lies approximately 8 miles (13 km) east of Huntingdon. Bluntisham is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.
The villages of Earith, Colne, Woodhurst, and Somersham are all close by.

The prime meridian passes through the western edge of Bluntisham.
Cambridge Systems Technology
Cambridge Systems Technology (CST) was a company formed in the early 1980s by ex-Torch Computers engineers David Oliver and Martin Baines, to produce peripherals for the BBC Micro, and later, with Graham Priestley, Sinclair QL microcomputers. Products included IEEE 488, floppy disk and SCSI interfaces.

Following the demise of the Sinclair QL in 1986, CST began producing the Thor series of QL-compatible personal computers. These had limited commercial success, and CST had ceased trading by the end of the decade.

GPIB
General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) or Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB) is a short-range digital communications 8-bit parallel multi-master interface bus specification originally developed by Hewlett-Packard and standardized in IEEE 488.1-2003. It subsequently became the subject of several standards. Although the bus was originally created to connect together automated test equipment, it also had some success as a peripheral bus for early microcomputers, notably the Commodore PET. Newer standards have largely replaced IEEE 488 for computer use, but it is still used by test equipment.
Vogtei Rheintal
Vogtei Rheintal (lit. 'Bailiwick of the Rhine Valley') was a condominium of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the 15th century until 1798.
Its territory corresponded to the left banks of the Alpine Rhine between Hoher Kasten and Lake Constance, including the towns of Altstätten and Rheineck.

Vogtei Rheintal is presently part of the canton of St. Gallen, specifically and primarily in the constituency of Rheintal.

Alpine Rhine
The Alpine Rhine (German: Alpenrhein, pronounced [ˈalpn̩ˌʁaɪn] ⓘ) is the section of the river Rhine from its source in the Swiss Alps to Lake Constance. It begins in the centre of the Swiss canton of Grisons (Kanton Graubünden), and later forms the border between Switzerland to the west and Liechtenstein to the east, and later between Switzerland and Austria. It flows through the Alpine Rhine Valley.

There is no shipping on the Alpine Rhine.
West Neighbourhood House
West Neighbourhood House (formerly The St. Christopher House, which remains its legal name) is a multi-service neighbourhood centre serving west downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada since 1912.   The non-profit charitable organization provides a wide range of programs to all age groups  in downtown west Toronto.  St. Christopher House integrates community development approaches with direct delivery of social services.  The community served by St. Christopher House includes the diverse immigrant and mixed income neighbourhoods of Trinity Bellwoods, Niagara, Palmerston/Little Italy, Little Portugal, Dufferin Grove, Parkdale, Liberty-Exhibition and Roncesvalles.

Little Portugal, Toronto
Little Portugal (also known as Portugal Village; Portuguese: Pequeno Portugal or, Aldeia Portugal) is a neighbourhood and ethnic enclave in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located west of downtown in the "Old" City of Toronto. It is bound on the west by Lansdowne Avenue, on the north by College Street, on the east by Ossington Avenue and on the south by the GO Transit and Union Pearson Express railway tracks. The area is mainly residential, with Portuguese businesses along Dundas Street West and College Street. The area west of Dufferin Street was a part of the former Town of Brockton. The sub area bounded by Dufferin Street on the west, Dundas Street on the north, Ossington Avenue on the east and Queen Street on the south is also known as "Beaconsfield Village" dating back to the days of the sub-division of lots in the area around Beaconsfield Avenue, named after British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli who given the title Lord Beaconsfield by Queen Victoria.
Cliniodes paranalis
Cliniodes paranalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1920. It is found in southern Brazil, north to Minas Gerais.

Adults have been recorded on wing in January and from July to November.

William Schaus
William Schaus (January 11, 1858, in New York City – June 20, 1942) was an American entomologist who became known for his major contribution to the knowledge and description of new species of the Neotropical Lepidoptera.
Michiel Reyniersz Pauw
Michiel Reiniersz Pauw (29 March 1590 – 24 March 1640) was a director of the Dutch West India Company (WIC) between 1621 and 1636. He is buried at Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam.

He grew up in Warmoesstraat in an influential Calvinist merchant family and studied law in Leiden. In 1615, Michiel married Hillegonda Spiegel; in 1631 they lived at Singel 200. His brother Adriaan Pauw (1585 - February 21, 1653 ) was Grand Pensionary of Holland from 1631 to 1636 and from 1651 to 1653, and signatory of the Peace of Münster (1648) for which he was instrumental as ambassador for Holland. They had four brothers: Cornelis, Reynier, Pieter, and Jacob. Their father, Reynier Pauw (1564–1636) was a merchant in grain and timber, one of the founders of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company, several times mayor of Amsterdam.

Peace of Münster
The Peace of Münster, signed on 30 January 1648, was a treaty between Philip IV of Spain and the Lords States General of the Dutch Republic. Negotiated in parallel to, but not part of, the Peace of Westphalia, under its terms Spain formally recognised the independent Dutch Republic, and ended the Eighty Years' War.
Dinesh Nandwana
Dinesh Nandwana (March 28, 1963-January 31, 2025) in Kota, Rajasthan) was an Indian first-generation entrepreneur, currently the Executive Chairman of Vakrangee Limited, an Indian technology company. He is ranked 88th in Forbes India's richest Indian by year 2017 with a net worth of US$1.72 billion.

A chartered accountant by profession, Nandwana founded Vakrangee in 1990 as a technology consulting company, which is an implementation agency for government projects about social and financial inclusion of Indian citizens. His company has implemented e-governance projects of the Government of India like Aadhaar and MCA 21.

Aadhaar
Aadhaar is a twelve-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by all residents of India based on their place of residence, biometrics and demographic data. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), a statutory authority established in January 2016 by the  Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, following the provisions of the Aadhaar Act, 2016.

Applicants to Aadhaar receive an Aadhaar UID Card/UID Card, that can be utilzed to identify a resident of India. As of May 2023, more than 99.9% of India's adult population had been issued Aadhaar IDs, making it  the world's largest biometric ID system

Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any right to domicile in India, or can be used as an identification document for international travel.
Frank Hsieh
Frank Hsieh Chang-ting (Chinese: 謝長廷; born May 18, 1946) is a Taiwanese politician and former defense attorney who served as Ambassador of Taiwan to Japan from 2016 to 2024. A cofounder of the Democratic Progressive Party, he has served on the Taipei City Council, the Legislative Yuan, as the mayor of Kaohsiung City, and as the Premier of Taiwan (President of the Executive Yuan) under president Chen Shui-bian. Hsieh was the DPP nominee in the 2008 presidential election and was defeated by Ma Ying-jeou.

Taipei City Council
Taipei City Council (Chinese: 台北市議會; pinyin: Táiběishì Yìhuì) is the city council of Taipei, Taiwan. One of the largest local councils in Taiwan, the city council is currently composed of 61 councillors, all elected most recently in the 2022 Taiwanese local elections.
Ambohitsara M
Ambohitsara M is a municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Manakara, which is a part of Fitovinany. The population of the municipality was estimated to be approximately 7,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 98.8% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are bananas, coffee and cassava. Industry and services provide employment for 1% and 0.2% of the population, respectively.

Fitovinany
Fitovinany is a region located in southeast Madagascar. Its capital is Manakara. It is inhabited by the Antemoro people. The region border is based on the historical region of Matatana or Matitana.

It formerly belonged to the region Vatovavy-Fitovinany that was split on 16 June 2021 to become the regions Vatovavy and Fitovinany.

The region extends along the southern part of the east coast of Madagascar. It is bordered by Vatovavy (North), Haute Matsiatra (West) and Atsimo-Atsinanana (South).
Żerniki Górne
Żerniki Górne (Polish pronunciation: [ʐɛrˈɲikʲi ˈɡurnɛ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Busko-Zdrój, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Busko-Zdrój and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Busko County
Busko (Polish: powiat buski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Busko-Zdrój, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The county covers an area of 967.39 square kilometres (373.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 67,821, out of which the population of Busko-Zdrój is 15,832 and the rural population is 51,989.