hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseon Navy
The Joseon Navy (Korean: 조선 수군; Hanja: 朝鮮水軍) was the navy of the Korean dynasty of Joseon. While originally commissioned to protect merchant vessels and coastal towns from Japanese pirate raids, the Joseon navy is best known for defeating the Japanese naval forces during the Imjin War and is often credited with halting the Japanese invasion campaign and saving the dynasty from conquest.

Wokou
Wokou (Chinese: 倭寇; pinyin: Wōkòu; Japanese: 倭寇; Hepburn: Wakō; Korean: 왜구; Hanja: 倭寇; RR: Waegu; literal Chinese translation: "dwarf bandits"), which translates to "Japanese pirates", were pirates who raided the coastlines of China and Korea from the 13th century to the 17th century. The wokou were made of various ethnicities of East Asian ancestry, which varied over time and raided the mainland from islands in the Sea of Japan and East China Sea.

Wokou activity in Korea declined after the Treaty of Gyehae in 1443 but continued in Ming China and peaked during the Jiajing wokou raids in the mid-16th century. Chinese reprisals and strong clamp-downs on pirates by Japanese authorities saw the wokou disappear by the 17th century.
2016 Asian Men's Club League Handball Championship
‌The 2016 Asian Men's Club League Handball Championship was the 19th edition of the Asian Club League Handball Championship held under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation.The championship was hosted by Al-Ahli Sports Club in Amman (Jordan) from 29 October to 5 November 2016. Al-Noor Club of Saudi Arabia won the championship by beating two times champion El-Jaish Sports Club of Qatar in the final match by 25-23. Defending Champion Lekhwiya Sports Club of Qatar managed to get bronze medal after beating Gachsaran Oil & Gas Club of Islamic Republic of Iran by 31-21. It is the official competition for men's handball clubs of Asia crowning the Asian champions. The winner of the championship qualified for the 2017 IHF Super Globe.

Asian Handball Federation
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Asia. It has 44 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent, but excludes the transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation and Turkey – which are instead members of European Handball Federation (EHF). Three other states located along the western fringe of Asia – Cyprus, Armenia and Israel – are also EHF members. Hong Kong and Macau, although not independent countries (both are special regions of China), are also members of the AHF.

One of IHF's six continental confederations, the AHF was formed officially on 26 August 1974 in Tehran (Imperial State of Iran), on the sidelines of the 7th Asian Games 1974. The AHF headquarters is located in Kuwait City (Kuwait). Its current president is Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah from Kuwait, who is a member of House of Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Kokry
Kokry, also spelled Kokri, is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Macina in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune covers an area of approximately 160 square kilometers and includes 17 villages. The farmland is irrigated by the Office du Niger irrigation scheme. The main crop is rice. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 13,393. The main village, (chef-lieu), is called Kokry Centre to distinguish it from Kokry Bozo which lies 3 km to the east on a strip of land between the Niger River and the Distributeur Kokry, an irrigation canal.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Vicente LLP
Vicente LLP, formally known as Vicente Sederberg, is an American cannabis law firm headquartered in Denver, Colorado that represents clients in the cannabis (marijuana, hemp, CBD) and psychedelics industries, and works on state and local cannabis policy reform. Since 2019, the firm has been nationally recognized by Chambers and Partners as one of seven Band 1 Law firms in the US practicing cannabis law.

Cannabis industry
The cannabis industry is composed of legal cultivators and producers, consumers, independent industrial standards bodies, ancillary products and services, regulators and researchers concerning cannabis and its industrial derivative, hemp. The cannabis industry has been inhibited by regulatory restrictions for most of recent history, but the legal market has emerged rapidly as more governments legalize medical and adult use. Uruguay became the first country to legalize recreational marijuana through legislation in December, 2013. Canada became the first country to legalize private sales of recreational marijuana with Bill C-45 in 2018.
Coquettish Jūtai Chū
"Coquettish Jūtai Chū" (コケティッシュ渋滞中) is the 17th single by Japanese idol girl group SKE48. It was released on March 31, 2015. This single and NMB48's Don't Look Back! were released on the same day, and SKE48 placed 1st in Oricon's Daily Charts on its first day with 573,074 copies sold.

Ryoha Kitagawa
Ryoha Kitagawa (北川 綾巴, Kitagawa Ryōha, born 9 October 1998, in Aichi Prefecture) is a Japanese singer and model. She is a former member of the idol groups SKE48 and AKB48, where she was a member of Team S and Team 4, respectively. She is the producer of the Nagoya-based idol group Onegai! Full House, which debuted in September 2021.
Vilwadrinatha Temple
The Vilwadrinatha Temple is a Hindu temple in Thiruvilwamala, a town in the city of Thrissur, Kerala, India. The principal deities are Rama, the seventh incarnation of the god Vishnu, and his brother, Lakshmana. It figures among the Abhimana Kshetrams in Vaishnavite traditions. This is one of the four major Rama temples in Kerala – the other three are in Thriprayar, Kadavallur, and Thiruvangad. The temple houses an idol of Lakshmana, which is rare in India. Vilwadrinatha Temple is located in the centre of the community of Thiruvilwamala, atop a 100-foot-high hillock. Visible from the temple is Bharathappuzha, the second-largest river in Kerala, which flows past the temple's northern side from around 3 kilometres away.

Thiruvangad Sree Ramaswami Temple
Thiruvangad Sree Ramaswami Temple (Malayalam: തിരുവങ്ങാട് ശ്രീരാമസ്വാമി ക്ഷേത്രം) is a temple located in the eastern part of Thalassery. The temple is generally known as the Brass Pagoda from the copper sheeting of its roof. A part of the temple was damaged by Tipu Sultan's troops in the 18th century, but the temple is believed to have been saved from destruction. It was one of the outposts of the Thalassery fort in the 18th century. Conferences between the officials of the East India Company and local leaders in its precincts, at which political treaties and agreements were signed. The annual festival of the temple commences on Vishu day in Medam and lasts for seven days.

The temple is one of the five major shrines dedicated to Sree Rama in Kerala. The other four are at Thrinayamkudam (Vaikom), Triprayar, Thiruvilluamala and Kadavallur. It is located on an elevated plot of 2.75 hectares with an adjoining temple tank known as Chira, which extends over a hectare.
Malcolm Barbour
Malcolm Barbour is an American former television producer and the co-creator and former executive producer of the television program Cops (alongside John Langley). Prior to Cops, Barbour worked with Langley on Who Murdered JFK, Cocaine Blues and American Vice: The Doping of a Nation. He stopped being a producer in 1994.

In 2003, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him.

Palm Springs Walk of the Stars
The Palm Springs Walk of the Stars is a Walk of the Stars in downtown Palm Springs, California. Embedded in the sidewalks, the Golden Palm Stars honor notable individuals who have lived in the greater Palm Springs region, across multiple categories. The walk spans sections streets on downtown Palm Springs.

It was established in 1992 by Gerhard G. Frenzel and Barbara Foster-Henderson,: 5  with the inaugural ceremony held on February 26, 1992 and included Walk of the Stars chairman Johnny Grant.: 13  Modeled after the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the program has since honored presidents of the United States, showbusiness personalities, literary figures (authors, playwrights, screenwriters), pioneers and civic leaders (early settlers, tribal leaders, civic personalities), humanitarians and Medal of Honor recipients. As of 2025 nearly 480 stars have been dedicated.
SS R. Ney McNeely
SS R. Ney McNeely was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after R. Ney McNeely,  a State Representative in North Carolina, a member of the North Carolina Senate, a later the American Consul in Aden.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Gölüstü, Adilcevaz
Gölüstü (Kurdish: Manik) is a village in the Adilcevaz District of Bitlis Province in Turkey.  The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 145 in 2022.

It formerly had an Armenian population.

Villages of Turkey
A village (Turkish: köy, karye in the Ottoman era) is the second smallest settlement unit in Turkey.

The 51 regular provinces of Turkey and 30 province-level metropolitan municipalities are divided into districts.

A 2013 reform converted all 16,803 villages in the metropolitan municipalities, into neighborhoods (Turkish: mahalle) of the districts.

Remaining villages are in the rural areas of the districts in regular provinces, and have about 8.7% of the country's population. Each village or neighborhood elects a muhtar. Some more populous villages have been incorporated as towns (Turkish: belde), but in the others, the muhtar is responsible for all village services.

As of 2023, there are 18,277 villages and 32,261 neighbourhoods in Turkey.
Augsburg Airport
Augsburg Airport (IATA: AGB, ICAO: EDMA) is a regional airport in Affing, 7 km (4.3 mi) northeast of the city of Augsburg, the third largest city in the German state of Bavaria. It is used for business and general aviation with very little passenger airline traffic.

Affing
Affing is a municipality near (10 kilometres (6.2 mi)) Augsburg in Aichach-Friedberg district, in Swabia - Bavaria, southern Germany.

The municipality covers an area of 44.85 square kilometres (17.32 sq mi). 
Of the total population of 5,140, 2,591 are male, 2,248 are female, and 301 are of indeterminate status  (Dec 31, 2003). 
The population density of the community is 115 inhabitants per square kilometre (300/sq mi).

Districts (villages) of the municipality Affing: Affing with Iglbach, Anwalting, Aulzhausen, Bergen, Frechholzhausen, Gebenhofen, Haunswies, Katzenthal, Miedering, Mühlhausen, Pfaffenzell.

In May 2015 a tornado devastated Affing, causing severe damage.
Jessica Mathews
Jessica Tuchman Mathews (née Tuchman; born July 4, 1946) is an American international affairs expert with a focus on climate and energy, defense and security, nuclear weapons, and conflict and governance. She was president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, an international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., with offices in five other countries, from 1997 to 2015. She has also held jobs in the Executive and Legislative branches of government, management and research in nonprofits, and journalism.

Arms Control Association
The Arms Control Association (ACA) is a United States–based nonpartisan membership organization founded in 1971, with the self-stated mission of "promoting public understanding of and support for effective arms control policies."

The group publishes the monthly magazine Arms Control Today. It contains topical news updates as well as extended, footnoted articles. The ACA is located in Washington, D.C.
1859 Texas gubernatorial election
The 1859 Texas gubernatorial election was held on August 1, 1859, to elect the governor of Texas. Incumbent Democratic governor Hardin Richard Runnels was running for reelection, but was defeated by Sam Houston, former senator and president of Texas, whom he had beaten two years earlier.

Governor of Texas
The governor of Texas is the head of state of the U.S. state of Texas. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the government of Texas and is the commander-in-chief of the Texas Military Forces.

Established in the Constitution of Texas, the governor's responsibilities include ensuring the enforcement of state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature, overseeing state agencies, issuing executive orders, proposing and overseeing the state budget, and making key appointments to state offices. The governor also has the power to call special sessions of the legislature and, with the recommendation of the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles, grant pardons.
Withanolide
Withanolides are a group of at least 300 naturally occurring steroids built on an ergostane skeleton. They occur as secondary metabolites primarily in genera of the Nightshade family, for example in the tomatillo.

Structurally, withanolides consist of a steroid backbone bound to a lactone or one of its derivatives; they are produced via oxidation of steroids. It remains unknown to what end withanolides are produced; they may act as a deterrent for feeding insect larvae and other herbivores.

Genera within the nightshade family that produce withanolides include: Datura, Iochroma, Lycium, Nicandra, Physalis, Salpichroa, Solanum, Mandragora, Withania, and Jaborosa. No withanolide has been discovered in Nicotiana to date.

Withania
Withania is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae, with 19 to 23 species that are native to parts of North Africa, western Asia, south Asia, southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Canary Islands. Withania was initially included within Physalis by Linnaeus in 1753 but has since become its own genus. This grouping was due to the shared feature of an inflated calyx that surrounds and protects the fruit.

Two of the species, W. somnifera (ashwagandha) and W. coagulans (ashutosh booti), are economically significant, and are cultivated in several regions for their medicinal uses.
WR postcode area
The WR postcode area, also known as the Worcester postcode area, is a group of fifteen postcode districts in England, within seven post towns. These cover central and southern Worcestershire (including Worcester, Broadway, Droitwich, Evesham, Malvern, Pershore and Tenbury Wells), plus very small parts of Herefordshire, Shropshire, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire.

Post town
A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system. Including the correct post town in the address increases the chance of a letter or parcel being delivered on time. Post towns in general originated as the location of delivery offices. As of 2004, their main function is to distinguish between localities or street names in addresses not including a postcode.
Weiyuan, Jinggu County
Weiyuan (simplified Chinese: 威远镇; traditional Chinese: 威遠鎮; pinyin: Wēiyuǎn Zhèn) is a town in and the county seat of Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 82,289 and an area of 1,127-square-kilometre (435 sq mi). It is the political, economic, cultural and traffic center of Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County. It is known as "Hometown of Mango".

Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now Bangladesh, northeastern India and Myanmar. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times, resulting in two modern mango cultivar lineages: the "Indian" and the "Southeast Asian" types. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits called "mangoes," most of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.

There are several hundred cultivars of mango worldwide. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.
William Lee (bishop, born 1875)
William Lee (27 September 1875 – 21 September 1948) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Clifton from 1931 to 1948.

Born in Mitchelstown, County Cork on 27 September 1875, he was educated at St. Colman's College, Fermoy and at the seminaries of St. John's College, Waterford and St Mary's College, Oscott. He was ordained to the priesthood on 2 March 1901. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Clifton by the Holy See on 18 December 1931. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 26 January 1932, the principal consecrator was Archbishop Thomas Leighton Williams of Birmingham, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop Francis John Vaughan of Menevia and Bishop John Patrick Barrett of Plymouth.

He died in office on 21 September 1948, aged 72.

Catholicism portal

Francis Vaughan
Francis John Vaughan (5 May 1877 – 13 March 1935) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Menevia from 1926 to 1935.

Vaughan was born in Courtfield, Welsh Bicknor, Herefordshire. An uncle was Cardinal Herbert Vaughan, Archbishop of Westminster until 1903. Two other uncles from this traditionally Welsh recusant family served as bishops, one as Archbishop of Sydney.

Vaughan was ordained to the priesthood on 5 July 1903. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Menevia by the Holy See on 21 June 1926. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 8 September 1926, the principal consecrator was Archbishop Francis Mostyn of Cardiff, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop Joseph Thorman of Hexham and Newcastle and Bishop Thomas Dunn of Nottingham. He was installed on 14 September 1926.

He died in office at his Bishop's House in Wrexham on 13 March 1935, aged 57, and was buried in Wrexham Cemetery in Ruabon Road.

Catholicism portal
Murphy's Law (novel)
Murphy's Law is the first novel of the Martin Murphy series by Northern Irish author Colin Bateman, published on 13 October 2011 through Headline Publishing Group. The novel is adapted from the television series of the same name, created by Bateman and starring James Nesbitt.

Headline Publishing Group
Headline Publishing Group is a British publishing brand and former company. It was founded in 1986 by Tim Hely Hutchinson. In 1993, Headline bought Hodder & Stoughton, and the company became Hodder Headline Ltd. In 1999, Hodder Headline was acquired by WH Smith. It was acquired by Hachette Livre from  WH Smith in 2005.
Bitter Fruit
Bitter Fruit is a novel by Achmat Dangor first published in 2001 by Kwela Books of Cape Town. Set in South Africa in 1998, it is about the disintegration of a Coloured family in the years after the end of apartheid. According to Gabriel Gbadamosi's review in The Guardian, "All the bases are touched in a reckoning with South Africa's past and present turmoil, and no box left unopened in the search for some kind of limbo or twilight zone where all unresolved conflicts might find resolution."

Gabriel Gbadamosi
Gabriel Gbadamosi (born 1961) is a British poet, playwright and novelist of Irish-Nigerian descent. He is founding editor of the online literary platform WritersMosaic, an initiative of The Royal Literary Fund.
Battles in the Shadow
Battles in the Shadow (Italian: Lotte nell'ombra) is a 1938 Italian spy thriller film directed by Domenico Gambino and starring Antonio Centa, Dria Paola and Paola Barbara. It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art director Giorgio Pinzauti.

Cinecittà
Cinecittà (pronounced [ˌtʃinetʃitˈta]; Italian for 'Cinema City') is a large film studio in Rome, Italy. With an area of 400,000 square metres (99 acres), it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the Fascist era as part of a plan to revive the Italian film industry and to compete with Hollywood.

Filmmakers such as Federico Fellini, Roberto Rossellini, Luchino Visconti, Sergio Leone, Bernardo Bertolucci, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, Mel Gibson and Luca Guadagnino have worked at Cinecittà. More than 3,000 movies have been filmed there, of which 90 received an Academy Award nomination and 47 of these won it. In the 1950s, the number of international productions being made there led to Rome being dubbed "Hollywood on the Tiber."
Language of the New Testament
The New Testament was written in a form of Koine Greek, which was the common language of the Eastern Mediterranean from the conquests of Alexander the Great (335–323 BC) until the evolution of Byzantine Greek (c. 600).

Greek colonisation
Greek colonisation refers to the expansion of Archaic Greeks, particularly during the 8th–6th centuries BC, across the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

The Archaic expansion differed from the Iron Age migrations of the Greek Dark Ages, in that it consisted of organised direction (see oikistes) away from the originating metropolis rather than the simplistic movement of tribes, which characterised the aforementioned earlier migrations. Many colonies, or apoikiai (Greek: ἀποικία, transl. "home away from home"), that were founded during this period eventually evolved into strong Greek city-states, functioning independently of their metropolis.
Small Cajal body specific RNA 13
In molecular biology, Small Cajal body specific RNA 13 (also known as scaRNA13 or U93) is a small nucleolar RNA found in Cajal bodies and believed to be involved in the pseudouridylation of U2 and U5 spliceosomal RNA.

scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II transcribed spliceosomal RNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U12.

U93 is composed of two tandemly arranged box H/ACA box sequence motifs and belongs to the H/ACA box class of guide RNAs. U93 is predicted to guide pseudouridylation of U2 spliceosomal snRNA residue U54 and residue U53 of snRNA U5.

RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase. A wide range of transcription factors are required for it to bind to upstream gene promoters and begin transcription.