hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Veerapandiyan
Veerapandiyan (transl. Brave warrior) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language masala film, directed by Karthik Raghunath and produced by Durai. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Vijayakanth, Radhika and Jaishankar. It was released on 14 April 1987.

Masala film
Masala films of Indian cinema are those that blend multiple genres into one work. Masala films emerged in the 1970s and are still being created as of the 2020s. Typically these films freely blend action, comedy, romance, and drama, or melodrama. They also tend to be musicals, often including songs filmed in picturesque locations.

The genre is named after the masala, a mixture of spices in Indian cuisine. According to The Hindu, masala is the most popular genre of Indian cinema. Masala films have origins in the 1970s and are common in every major film industry in India. Production of these films is still active in the mid-2020s.
Wisconsin Integrally Synchronized Computer
The Wisconsin Integrally Synchronized Computer (WISC) was an early digital computer designed and built at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Operational in 1954, it was the first digital computer in the state.

Pioneering computer designer Gene Amdahl drafted the WISC's design as his PhD thesis. The computer was built over the period 1951-1954. It had 1,024 50-bit words (equivalent to about 6 KB) of drum memory, with an operation time of 1/15 second and throughput of 60 operations per second, which was achieved by an early form of instruction pipeline. It was capable of both fixed-point and floating-point operations.
It weighed about 1 short ton (910 kg).

The WISC is part of the permanent collection of the Computer History Museum.

Computer History Museum
The Computer History Museum (CHM) is a computer museum in Mountain View, California. The museum presents stories and artifacts of Silicon Valley and the Information Age, and explores the computing revolution and its impact on society.
Jesus Stole My Girlfriend
"Jesus Stole My Girlfriend" is a song by the Australian rock band Violent Soho. It was the first single from their self-titled debut, and is arguably the most well known song by the band. The song is originally found on the album We Don't Belong Here, but was re-recorded (along with much of the material from the album) for their self-titled record. Interviews with the band (as well as lyrics) suggest that the song is about one of the band members' girlfriends leaving them for the devotion of Christianity.

Violent Soho (album)
Violent Soho is the second official studio album of Violent Soho, released on 9 March 2010 on the Ecstatic Peace label. The album contains much of the material off of their first album, We Don't Belong Here, though it has been re-recorded with changes made to some of the songs. Although the album is not technically their first record, it is commonly referred to as their "debut album".
1983 Women's British Open Squash Championship
The 1983 Women's Davies & Tate British Open Squash Championships was held at the Assembly Rooms in Derby from 6–14 April 1983. The event was won for the fourth consecutive year by Vicki Cardwell (née Hoffman) who defeated Lisa Opie in a repeat of the 1982 final. Vicki Cardwell made the shock announcement that she was going to retire after the 1983 World Open. The Australian was serving a two-year team events ban in her home country following misconduct in the 1981 Women's World Open Squash Championship.

1981 Women's World Open Squash Championship
The 1981 Women's World Open Squash Championship was the women's edition of the 1981 World Open, which serves as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place in Toronto in Canada during October 1981. Rhonda Thorne won the World Open title, defeating Vicki Cardwell in the final.
Jupunba longipedunculata
Abarema longipedunculata is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is a shrub or tree endemic to  Bolívar state of Venezuela. It is native to the tepui of Auyantepui at 1,690 meters elevation, and to the tepuis Cerro Guanay, Cerro Jaua, and Cerro Sarisariñama, where it grows on rocky ridges, cliff edges, and in ravines on sandstone substrates.

Bolívar (state)
Bolívar (Spanish: Estado Bolívar, IPA: [esˈtaðo βoˈliβaɾ]) is the largest of the 23 states of Venezuela in area. The state capital city is Ciudad Bolívar and the largest city is Ciudad Guayana. Bolívar State covers a total surface area of 242,801 km2 (93,746 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,410,964. The state contains Angel Falls.
Shen Prefecture
Shen Prefecture, also known by its Chinese name as Shen Zhou or Shenzhou, was a prefecture (zhou) of imperial China around modern Shenzhou in Hebei Province, China.

It existed intermittently from 596 to 1913. Under the late Tang, it formed part of the de facto independent Chengde Province that became the Zhao Kingdom between 910 and 922.

The modern city Shenzhou, established in 1994, retains its name.

Zhou (administrative division)
Zhou (Chinese: 州; pinyin: zhōu; lit. 'land') were historical administrative and political divisions of China. Formally established during the Han dynasty, zhou existed continuously for over 2000 years until the 1912 establishment of the Republic of China. Zhou were also once used in Korea (주, ju), Vietnam (Vietnamese: châu) and Japan (Hepburn: shū).
Dead Indian Creek (Wyoming)
Dead Indian Creek is a stream in Park County, Wyoming, in the United States. It lies at the base of Dead Indian Pass.

According to tradition Dead Indian Creek was named for a Bannock Indian killed nearby.

Dead Indian Creek bisects the Dead Indian Campground.

Park County, Wyoming
Park County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 29,624. The county seat is Cody. Park County is a major tourism destination. The county has over 53 percent of Yellowstone National Park's land area. Many attractions abound, including the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, the Cody Stampede Rodeo, the Ghost Town of Kirwin, and the western museum Old Trail Town.
Cutch rat
The Cutch rat or Cutch rock rat (Cremnomys cutchicus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.

It is found in India and is widely distributed across the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, and Rajasthan.

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
Sydney Writers' Festival
The Sydney Writers' Festival (SWF) is an annual literary festival held in Sydney in May, with the inaugural festival taking place in 1997. The 2020 event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

Christos Tsiolkas
Christos Tsiolkas is an Australian author, playwright, and screenwriter. He is especially known for The Slap, which was both well-received critically and highly successful commercially. Several of his books have been adapted for film and television.
Canby (surname)
Canby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward Canby (1817–1873), American general

Henry Seidel Canby (1878–1961), critic, editor, and Yale University professor

James Canby (1781–1858), businessman and banker based in Wilmington, Delaware

Louisa Hawkins Canby (1818–1889), wife of Edward Canby

Richard S. Canby (1808–1895), U.S. Representative from Ohio

Sheila R. Canby (1949–2025), American art historian and curator

Vincent Canby (1924–2000), American film critic

William C. Canby Jr. (born 1931), U.S. Court of Appeals senior judge

William Marriott Canby (1831–1904), American financier and botanist

William Canby
William Cameron Canby Jr. (born May 22, 1931) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, sitting in Phoenix, Arizona.

As both a professor at Arizona State University College of Law and a Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Canby has become known as an authority on American Indian law. He has authored law review articles, a major textbook, and the West Nutshell Series primer on the subject. While still a professor at ASU, Canby successfully argued the case of Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, in which the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment allows lawyers to advertise in a manner that is not misleading to members of the general public.
Nottingham City Council elections
Nottingham City Council elections are held every four years. Nottingham City Council is the local authority for the unitary authority  of Nottingham in Nottinghamshire, England. Until 1 April 1998 it was a non-metropolitan district. Since the last boundary changes in 2019, 55 councillors are elected from 20 wards.

Nottingham City Council
Nottingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Nottingham, in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands region of England. Nottingham has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1998 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Since 2024 the council has been a member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1991. The council meets at Nottingham Council House and has its main offices at Loxley House.
Ishak Pasha Palace
Ishak Pasha Palace (Kurdish: Qesra Îshaq Paşa; Turkish: İshak Paşa Sarayı) is a semi-ruined palace and administrative complex located in the Doğubeyazıt district of Ağrı province of eastern Turkey.

The Ishak Pasha Palace is an Ottoman-period palace whose construction was started in 1685 by the bey of the Beyazit province Colak Abdi Pasha of the Cildirogullari, a family of hereditary Kurdish pashas. Construction was continued by Ishak Pasha, a descendant of Abdi Pasha, who was to give his name to the palace and became the pasha of Çıldır from 1790 to 1791. According to the inscription on its door, the Harem section of the palace was completed by Ishak (Isaac) Pasha in 1784.

The Ishak Pasha Palace is one of the few examples of surviving historical Turkish palaces.

The palace was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 100 new lira banknote of 2005–2009.

Turkish lira
The lira (Turkish: Türk lirası; sign: ₺; ISO 4217 code: TRY; abbreviation: TL) is the official currency of Turkey. It is also legal tender in the de facto state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. One lira is divided into one hundred kuruş. The First Turkish lira could be further subdivided, where one kuruş was equal to 40 para.

The current lira is the Second Turkish lira, having succeeded the first Turkish lira in 2005 which in turn succeeded the Ottoman lira in 1923. Since 2018 the Turkish lira has been in crisis, having plummeted in value following Turkish president Erdoğan's economic and political policies.
Guido Vedovato
Guido Vedovato (30 June 1961 in Vicenza, Italy) Italian naïve painter and sculptor.

Vedovato is one of the best-known Naïve artists. He was born in Vicenza, northern part of Italy. He lives and works in Camisano Vicentino. He graduated as an economist and had no artist scholar background. Yugoslavian Naïve art had a big effect on his works. It made him to start painting at the end of the 1970s. At the beginning it was one of his hobbies however later it became his passion.

He wants to depict short stories in his paintings. We may have a look at the life of the modern villages in the Italian chains of the Alps. Some of his well-known paints depicts animals in the night, but—as he said, he preferred to paint humans.

Szombathely
Szombathely (Hungarian: [ˈsombɒthɛj]; German: Steinamanger [ˌʃtaɪnaˈmaŋɐ] ⓘ; also see names) is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas County in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria. Szombathely lies by the streams Perint and Gyöngyös (literally "pearly"), where the Alpokalja (Lower Alps) mountains meet the Little Hungarian Plain. The oldest city in Hungary, Szombathely is known as the birthplace of Saint Martin of Tours.
Blackville
Blackville can refer to:

Blackville, New Brunswick, Canada

Blackville Parish, New Brunswick, Canada

Blackville, South Carolina, USA

Upper Blackville, New Brunswick, Canada

Blackville, New South Wales, Australia

Upper Blackville, New Brunswick
Upper Blackville is a small community along the banks of the Miramichi River in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located along Route 8, As of 2013, Upper Blackville consisted of 200 people.
Mehmed Bey Vidajić
Mehmed Bey Vidajić, known as Mehmed-kapetan[a] (fl. 1803–d. August 1806), was an Ottoman Bosnian official and kaptan (fortress commander, Serbo-Croatian: kapetan) in Zvornik. He had the honorific bey title. He was active during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13), in which the Serbs of the Sanjak of Smederevo revolted against the Ottoman Empire and made incursions into Bosnia.

Sanjak of Smederevo
The Sanjak of Smederevo, also known in historiography as the Pashalik of Belgrade,[a] was an Ottoman administrative unit (sanjak) centered on Smederevo, that existed between the 15th and the outset of the 19th centuries. It was located in the territory of present-day Central Serbia.
Santiago Chazumba
Santiago Chazumba is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. It is part of the Huajuapan District in the north of the Mixteca Region.

As of 2020, the municipality had a total population of 4,877: 2,581 female and 2,296 male.

Mixteca Region
The Mixteca Region is a region in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, part of the broader La Mixteca area which covers parts of the states of Puebla, Guerrero and Oaxaca.
The region includes the districts of Juxtlahuaca, Silacayoapam, Huajuapan, Coixtlahuaca, Teposcolula, Tlaxiaco and Nochixtlán. The largest cities are Huajuapan and Tlaxiaco.
According to the 2020 census the region had 452,429 people over the age of five, of which 227,680 spoke Mixteco.
Mónica Elizabeth Sandoval Hernández
Mónica Elizabeth Sandoval Hernández (born 25 January 1975) is a Mexican politician. Previously affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), she joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) after the PRD lost its status as a nationally registered party.

Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
The Addiction (album)
The Addiction: Hope Is Near is the seventh album released by rapper Fiend. It was released on June 27, 2006, for Fiend Entertainment and was produced by Fiend and Beats By the Pound members KLC & Craig B. The album peaked at No. 70 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

KLC
Craig Stephen Lawson (born July 15, 1969), known professionally as KLC, is an American record producer, DJ and drummer. He found fame as a member of No Limit Records' in-house production team Beats by the Pound. Since leaving the label, he has been a member of the Medicine Men and has his own record label Overdose Entertainment aka Overdose Empire.
Lauren Liebenberg
Lauren Liebenberg (born 3 August 1972) is a Rhodesian-born South African writer and environmental activist. Her debut novel, The Voluptuous Delights of Peanut Butter and Jam, was nominated for the Women's Prize for Fiction in 2008.  Her subsequent novels, The West Rand Jive Cats Boxing Club and Cry Baby, also received international critical acclaim. She is prominent in environmental and social justice advocacy in South Africa.

Virago Press
Virago is a British publisher of women's writing and books on feminist topics. Started and run by women in the 1970s and bolstered by the success of the Women's Liberation Movement (WLM), Virago has been credited as one of several British feminist presses that helped address inequitable gender dynamics in publishing. Unlike alternative, anti-capitalist publishing projects and political pamphlets coming out of feminist collectives and socialist circles, Virago branded itself as a commercial alternative to the male-dominated publishing industry and sought to compete with mainstream international presses.
Mary Gaskill
Mary A. Gaskill (born December 1, 1941) is an American politician who was the Iowa State Representative from the 81st District. She served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2003 to 2021.

Gaskill served on several committees in the Iowa House - the Environmental Protection committee; the State Government committee; the Transportation committee; and the Local Government committee, where she was chair.  She also served on the Administration and Regulation Appropriations Subcommittee.

Gaskill was re-elected in 2006 with 7,210 votes, running unopposed.

She lost her bid for re-election to Cherielynn Westrich in 2020.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
East Claridon, Ohio
East Claridon is an unincorporated community in eastern Claridon Township, Geauga County, Ohio, United States.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 44033.  It lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 322 with State Route 608. The unincorporated community of Claridon lies to the west along Route 322.

U.S. Route 322
U.S. Route 322 (US 322) is a 494-mile-long (795.0 km), east–west United States Highway, traversing Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The road is a spur of US 22 and one of the original highways from 1926. A portion of it at one time was concurrent with the Lakes-to-Sea Highway.
Saint Louis University School of Law
The Saint Louis University School of Law (also known as SLU Law) is the law school affiliated with Saint Louis University, a private Jesuit research university in Saint Louis, Missouri. The school has been American Bar Association approved since 1924 and is a member of the Association of American Law Schools.

Association of American Law Schools
The Association of American Law Schools (AALS), formed in 1900, is a non-profit organization of 175 law schools in the United States. An additional 19 schools pay a fee to receive services but are not members. AALS incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational organization in 1971. The association is a member of both the American Council on Education and the American Council of Learned Societies. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C.
Evergreen Cemetery (Rutland, Vermont)
Evergreen Cemetery is a burial ground located in Rutland City, Vermont, United States. It is managed by the Rutland Evergreen Cemetery Association. Evergreen was founded as Pine Hill Cemetery in 1861, and the name was subsequently changed.

Rutland (city), Vermont
Rutland is the only city in and the seat of Rutland County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 15,807. It is located approximately 65 miles (105 km) north of the Massachusetts state line, 35 miles (56 km) west of New Hampshire state line, and 20 miles (32 km) east of the New York state line. Rutland is the third largest city in the state of Vermont after Burlington and South Burlington. Rutland City is completely surrounded by Rutland Town, which is a separate municipality. The downtown area of the city is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Nielsen transformation
In mathematics, especially in the area of modern algebra known as combinatorial group theory, Nielsen transformations are certain automorphisms of a free group which are a non-commutative analogue of row reduction and one of the main tools used in studying free groups (Fine, Rosenberger & Stille 1995).

Given a finite basis of a free group , the corresponding set of elementary Nielsen transformations forms a finite generating set of . This system of generators is analogous to elementary matrices for  and Dehn twists for mapping class groups of closed surfaces.

Nielsen transformations were introduced in (Nielsen 1921) to prove that every subgroup of a free group is free (the Nielsen–Schreier theorem). They are now used in a variety of mathematics, including computational group theory, k-theory, and knot theory.

Mapping class group of a surface
In mathematics, and more precisely in topology, the mapping class group of a surface, sometimes called the modular group or Teichmüller modular group, is the group of homeomorphisms of the surface viewed up to continuous (in the compact-open topology) deformation. It is of fundamental importance for the study of 3-manifolds via their embedded surfaces and is also studied in algebraic geometry in relation to moduli problems for curves.

The mapping class group can be defined for arbitrary manifolds (indeed, for arbitrary topological spaces) but the 2-dimensional setting is the most studied in group theory.

The mapping class group of surfaces are related to various other groups, in particular braid groups and outer automorphism groups.
Rudy Bruder
René "Rudy" Bruder (born 15 June 1914, date of death unknown) was a Belgian jazz pianist. He was born in Brussels.

Bruder's father was a bandleader in his own right, and Rudy played in his father's group in the mid-1930s. He then joined Jean Omer's group, accompanying visiting American musicians such as Benny Carter, Bill Coleman, Coleman Hawkins, and Bobby Martin; he worked with Omer through the early 1940s. He also recorded several times with Jean Robert and Gus Deloof. He led his own band, which recorded in the early 1940s and again in 1946.

Benny Carter
Bennett Lester Carter (August 8, 1907 – July 12, 2003) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. With Johnny Hodges, he was a pioneer on the alto saxophone. From the beginning of his career in the 1920s, he worked as an arranger, including writing charts for Fletcher Henderson's big band that shaped the swing style. He had an unusually long career that lasted into the 1990s. During the 1980s and 1990s, he was nominated for eight Grammy Awards, which included receiving a Lifetime Achievement Award.