hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thunder Dolphin
Thunder Dolphin (サンダードルフィン) is a steel roller coaster at the Tokyo Dome City Attractions amusement park, which is part of Tokyo Dome City in Tokyo, Japan. The ride was designed and constructed by Intamin. At 80 metres (262.5 ft) tall, Thunder Dolphin is one of the tallest continuous circuit roller coasters in the world, currently ranked number 10. Following an incident in which a 25 centimetres (9.8 in) long bolt fell from the ride while in motion on 5 December 2010, injuring a nine-year-old visitor, operation of the ride was suspended until 1 August 2013, when the ride reopened.

Thunder Dolphin's 1,066.8 metres (3,500 ft) long course passes through both a hole in the LaQua building, and through the Big-O, the world's first centerless Ferris wheel. Thunder Dolphin has a maximum speed of 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph).

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.
Lady's Wood
Lady's Wood is a 7.1-hectare (18-acre) nature reserve west of Upwood in Cambridgeshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

This wood was a traditional coppice, but many of the trees were cut down in the 1950s. Birds include blackcaps, fieldfares and green woodpeckers and there are invertebrates such as orange-tip butterflies and azure damselflies.

There is access by a footpath from Bentley Close in Upwood.

Azure damselfly
The azure damselfly (Coenagrion puella) is a species of damselfly found in most of Europe. It is notable for its distinctive black and blue colouring.
They are commonly found around ponds and lakesides during the summer.
Wilhelm Vischer (botanist)
Wilhelm Vischer (5 January 1890 in Basel – 2 June 1960 in Basel)  was a Swiss botanist whose areas of interest were algae and spermatophytes.

He studied medicine in Geneva and Basel, and natural sciences in Munich, where in 1914 he obtained his PhD. At the University of Munich, he was a student of Karl Ritter von Goebel. Following graduation, with Robert Hippolyte Chodat, he participated in a botanical excursion to Paraguay. After his return to Switzerland, he spent several years in Geneva (1914–1919), working on plants that were collected in Paraguay.

Beginning in 1919 he worked as a botanist at the rubber research station in Buitenzorg, Java. In 1924 he qualified as a lecturer at the University of Basel, where from 1928 to 1960, he served as an associate professor of botany.

In 1937 Adolf Pascher named the algae genus Vischeria in his honour.

Seed plant
A seed plant or spermatophyte (from Ancient Greek  σπέρμα (spérma) 'seed' and  φυτόν (phutón) 'plant'; lit. 'seed plant'), also called a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds. It is a category of embryophyte (i.e. land plant) that includes most of the familiar land plants, including the flowering plants and the gymnosperms, but not ferns, mosses, or algae.

The term phanerogam or phanerogamae is derived from  Ancient Greek φανερός (phanerós), meaning "visible", in contrast to the term "cryptogam" or "cryptogamae" (from Ancient Greek  κρυπτός (kruptós) 'hidden', and γαμέω (gaméō), 'to marry'). These terms distinguish those plants with hidden sexual organs (cryptogamae) from those with visible ones (phanerogamae).
2006 Canoe Slalom World Cup
The 2006 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of eight races in 4 canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 19th edition. The series consisted of 4 continental championships (European, Pan American, Oceania and Asian), 3 world cup races and the world championships.

International Canoe Federation
The International Canoe Federation (ICF) is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide. 157 countries are affiliated with the ICF after seven national federations were added at the 2008 ICF Congress in Rome.
Belgian Tarot
The Belgian Tarot is a name given to standard pattern of Tarot playing cards that were initially produced in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, then Rouen, and later in the Austrian Netherlands from the late 17th to late 18th century. They are also called the “Rouen/Brussels pattern”. Starting from the mid-18th century, the wrapping paper bore the inscription "Cartes de Suisses". However, there is no evidence that this type of Tarot cards was ever manufactured, sold, or used in Switzerland.

Thierry Depaulis
Thierry Depaulis (born 1949) is a French independent historian of games and especially of playing cards, card games, and board games. He is President of the association Le Vieux Papier, a member of the editorial board of the International Board Game Studies Association, and a member of the board of directors of the foundation of the Swiss Museum of Games. He was President of the International Playing-Card Society from 2017 to 2022.

He has published a number of articles and books in the field of games and playing cards and has contributed to the French gaming journal Jeux & Stratégie for several years.

Since 2016, he has collaborated with the Édition Numérique Collaborative et CRitique de l’Encyclopédie (ENCCRE) group, which has digitized and placed online the first edition of the 18th-century French encyclopaedia by Diderot, de D’Alembert et de Jaucourt.
Jorge Solano Moreta
Jorge Solano Moreta (born c. 1970), also commonly known as Wes Solano, is an admitted drug seller from Puerto Rico. He gained infamy during the early 1990s, when newspapers such as El Nuevo Dia and El Vocero documented his alleged gang activities.

Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Bayamón (Spanish pronunciation: [baʝaˈmon], locally [baʝaˈmoŋ]) is a city and municipality in Puerto Rico. Located on the northeastern coastal plain, it is bounded by Guaynabo to the east, Toa Alta and Naranjito to the west, Toa Baja and Cataño to the north, and Aguas Buenas and Comerío to the south. Part of the San Juan metropolitan area, Bayamón is spread over 11 barrios and the downtown area and administrative center of Bayamón Pueblo. With a population of 185,187 as of the 2020 census, it is the second most populated municipality in the archipelago and island after the capital of San Juan.
Line 18 (Chengdu Metro)
Line 18 of the Chengdu Metro (simplified Chinese: 成都地铁18号线; traditional Chinese: 成都地鐵18號線; pinyin: Chéngdū Dìtiě Shíbā Hào Xiàn) is an express rapid transit line that connects the urban area of Chengdu with Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. Line 18's color is teal. The section from South Railway Station to Tianfu International Airport North Station started operation on 18 December 2020.

Between Chengdu South Railway Station and Western China International Expo City Station, the line runs adjacent to Line 1 essentially forming a four track subway. Line 18 runs express between the two stations, skipping a number of stops that Line 1 makes. The four track alignment with Line 1 will be extended to North Railway Station once Phase 3 of the line is completed.

Jianyang, Sichuan
Jianyang (simplified Chinese: 简阳; traditional Chinese: 簡陽; pinyin: Jiǎnyáng) is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chengdu, in Sichuan Province, Southwest China. Situated only 48 kilometers (30 mi) from Chengdu, Jianyang is administratively under the jurisdiction of Chengdu, changed from being a prefecture-level city of Ziyang since May 2016. The preparation work for changing it to "Jianyang District" is already started as of August 2019. The urban center is located on the banks of the Tuo River.
Arthur J. England Jr.
Arthur Jay England Jr. (December 23, 1932 – August 1, 2013) was an American jurist and lawyer who served as a justice of the Florida Supreme Court.

Born in Dayton, Ohio, England served in the United States Army in counter-intelligence. He then received his Bachelor of Science in Economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Juris Doctors degree University of Pennsylvania School of Law, and LLM degree from the University of Miami School of Law. He then practiced law in Florida. He served on the Florida Supreme Court from 1975 to 1981 and was the chief justice of the court from 1978 to 1980.

He died at his home in Coral Gables, Florida from pulmonary fibrosis.

University of Miami School of Law
The University of Miami School of Law (Miami Law or UM Law) is the law school of the University of Miami, a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida.

Founded in 1926, it is the oldest law school in South Florida, graduating its first class of 13 students in 1929. The school offers 300 courses in 18 areas of study, 17 legal clinics and practicums, and over two dozen interdisciplinary and joint-degree programs.
Charles Jennings (journalist)
Charles Jennings (January 2, 1908 – July 13, 1973) was a Canadian journalist for the CBC and the father of ABC news anchor Peter Jennings.

Born in Toronto, Ontario, Jennings was educated at North Toronto Collegiate and then Trinity College, University of Toronto.

In 1928, he started a job as a radio announcer at CKGW (now CBLA) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  Then, he worked in New York briefly before returning to Canada to work for the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission where he became chief announcer and was Canada's first national news anchor reading the nightly Canadian Press News. He stayed with the CRBC's successor, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and, in 1964, he became vice-president of the CBC, retiring in 1971. During his tenure at the CBC he served as the chairman of the CBC Opera Company.

At the time of his death, Charles Jennings left behind his wife, Elizabeth, and his children, the younger, journalist and commentator Sarah, and the older, broadcaster Peter.

The Canadian Press
The Canadian Press (CP; French: La Presse canadienne, PC) is a Canadian national news agency headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Established in 1917 as a vehicle for Canadian newspapers to exchange news and information, The Canadian Press has been a private, not-for-profit cooperative owned and operated by its member newspapers for most of its history. In mid-2010, however, it announced plans to become a for-profit business owned by three media companies once certain conditions were met.

Over the years, The Canadian Press and its affiliates have adapted to reflect changes in the media industry, including technological changes and the growing demand for rapid news updates. It currently offers a wide variety of text, audio, photographic, video, and graphic content to websites, radio, television, and commercial clients in addition to newspapers and its longstanding ally, the Associated Press (AP), a global news service based in the United States.
Submarine warfare in the Black Sea campaigns (1943)
Submarine warfare in the Black Sea in World War II during 1943 involved engagements between submarines of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet attacking Axis merchantmen defended by Romanian and German naval warships, as well as and German U-boats attacking Soviet merchants on the eastern Black Sea. These engagements were a part of the Black Sea campaigns between Axis and Soviet naval forces.

German submarine U-24 (1936)
German submarine U-24 was a Type IIB U-boat that was in service of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 21 April 1936 at the F. Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel with yard number 554, launched on 24 September and commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 10 October. Oberleutnant zur See Heinz Buchholz took command on 3 July 1937.
Randolph Guggenheimer
Randolph Guggenheimer (November 4, 1907 – July 1, 1999) was a lawyer and philanthropist. Guggenheimer advocated for improved medical services for residents of Harlem from poor areas. In 1979, he and management consultant Eugene McCabe co-founded North General Hospital, a community hospital in Harlem. They opened the hospital in the building previously occupied by the  Hospital for Joint Diseases after that hospital moved. Guggenheimer later served as chair of the Board of Directors of North General Hospital.

NYU Langone Health
NYU Langone Health is an integrated academic health system located in New York City, New York, United States. The health system consists of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, both part of New York University (NYU), and more than 320 locations throughout the New York City Region and in Florida, including seven inpatient facilities: Tisch Hospital; Kimmel Pavilion; NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital; NYU Langone Hospital — Brooklyn; NYU Langone Hospital — Long Island; and NYU Langone Hospital — Suffolk. It is also home to Rusk Rehabilitation. NYU Langone Health is one of the largest healthcare systems in the Northeast, with more than 53,000 employees.

In 2025, NYU Langone Health’s revenue was more than $15.4 billion, including more than $5.5 billion in philanthropy since 2007.
Westcott Stock Farm
Westcott Stock Farm, also known as Westcott Place Farm, is a historic home and farm located at Centerville, Indiana. The farmhouse was built between 1890 and 1895, and is a large two-story, Queen Anne style brick dwelling. It sits on a brick foundation and features a semi-octagonal bay. Also on the property are the contributing laundry house / tool shed, garage, carriage house, horse barn, bank barn, a small calving shed, and a cistern with a hand-operated pump.: 5

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Cistern
A cistern (from Middle English  cisterne; from Latin  cisterna, from  cista 'box'; from Ancient Greek  κίστη (kístē) 'basket') is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and store rainwater. To prevent leakage, the interior of the cistern is often lined with hydraulic plaster.

Cisterns are distinguished from wells by their waterproof linings. Modern cisterns range in capacity from a few liters to thousands of cubic meters, effectively forming covered reservoirs.
Charles Fehrenbach (astronomer)
Charles Fehrenbach (born 29 April 1914 in Strasbourg; died 9 January 2008 in Nîmes) was a French astronomer and member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was director of the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) until 1983. Following the Second World War, he was one of the first astronomers to pioneer the reversion method of using objective prisms to measure the Doppler shift of stars.

He was awarded the Lalande Prize in 1950, the Prix Jules Janssen in 1959, and the Karl Schwarzschild Medal in 1963. The minor planet 3433 Fehrenbach was named in his honor.

Nîmes
Nîmes is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Cévennes mountain range, the estimated population of the commune of Nîmes stood at 148,561 in 2019.

Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city's population was estimated at approximately 50,000–60,000. Since several famous monuments and ancient Roman buildings are located in Nîmes, including the Arena of Nîmes and the Maison carrée, the city is often referred to as the "French Rome."
QNS
QNS is a clinical laboratory abbreviation for quantity not sufficient.

This indicates that either:

There is not enough specimen for the lab tests ordered to be performed.

In the case of Vacutainers or other tubes with pre-added anticoagulant, the amount of blood invacuated into the tube at the time of phlebotomy was insufficient to attain the correct blood:anticoagulant ratio.  This can cause false results in assays such as coagulation assays (causing falsely increased clotting times) or blood cell differentials (causing a false increase in poikilocytes, particularly burr cells.)

In either case, the most common and feasible way to correct the problem is to simply recollect the specimen.

Quantity not sufficient implies that the final volume of diluent is not sufficient for molecular testing.

Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy is the process of making a puncture in a vein, usually in the arm or hand, with a cannula for the purpose of drawing blood. The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture, which is also used for intravenous therapy. A person who performs a phlebotomy is called a phlebotomist, although most doctors, nurses, and other technicians can also carry out a phlebotomy. In contrast, phlebectomy is the removal of a vein.

Phlebotomies that are carried out in the treatment of some blood disorders are known as therapeutic phlebotomies. The average volume of whole blood drawn in a therapeutic phlebotomy to an adult is 1 unit (450–500 ml) weekly to once every several months, as needed.
Marina Vega
Marina Vega de la Iglesia (Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain, 21 March 1923 – Madrid, 11 June 2011) was a Spanish spy and an anti-Franco fighter during and after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and, after the end of World War II, a Nazi hunter. She was the only woman in the Spanish network in the service of the French Resistance. She entered Charles de Gaulle's Free French Forces, at 17 years of age.

French Liberation Army
The French Liberation Army (French: Armée française de la Libération [aʁme fʁɑ̃sɛːz də la libeʁɑsjɔ̃]; AFL) was the reunified French Army that arose from the merger of the Giraudist Armée d'Afrique with the prior Gaullist Free French Forces (Forces françaises libres; FFL) during World War II. The military force of Free France, it participated in the Italian and Tunisian campaigns before joining in the 1944 Liberation of France with other Western Allies of World War II. It went on to join the Western Allied invasion of Germany to secure the capitulation of Germany's remaining forces. The successor to the FLA, the modern French Armed Forces would jointly occupy Germany with the other allies until 1955.
Kuril Ainu language
Kuril Ainu is an extinct and poorly attested Ainu language of the Kuril Islands. The main inhabited islands were Kunashir, Iturup and Urup in the south, and Shumshu in the north. Other islands either had small populations (such as Paramushir) or were visited for fishing or hunting. There may have been a small mixed Kuril–Itelmen population at the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

The Ainu of the Kurils appear to have been a relatively recent expansion from Hokkaidō, displacing an indigenous Okhotsk culture, which may have been related to the modern Itelmens. When the Kuril Islands passed to Japanese control in 1875, many of the northern Kuril Ainu evacuated to Ust-Bolsheretsky District in Kamchatka, where about 100 still live. In the decades after the islands passed to Soviet control in 1945, most of the remaining southern Kuril Ainu evacuated to Hokkaidō, where they have since been assimilated.

Kunashir
Kunashir (Russian: Кунаши́р, romanized: Kunashír) or Kunashiri (Japanese: 国後島, Hepburn: Kunashiri-tō) is the southernmost island of the Kuril Islands. The island has been under Russian administration since the end of World War II, when Soviet forces took possession of the Kurils. It is claimed by Japan as part of its "Northern Territories".
James W. Watts
James Winston Watts (January 19, 1904 – November 7, 1994) was an American neurosurgeon, born in Lynchburg, Virginia. He was a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute as well as the University of Virginia School of Medicine. Watts is noteworthy for his professional partnership with the neurologist, psychiatrist and psychosurgeon Walter Freeman. The two became advocates and prolific practitioners of psychosurgery, specifically the lobotomy. Watts and Freeman wrote two books on lobotomies: Psychosurgery, Intelligence, Emotion and Social Behavior Following Prefrontal Lobotomy for Medical Disorders in 1942, and Psychosurgery in the Treatment of Mental Disorders and Intractable Pain in 1950.

He is also known for carrying out the lobotomy of Rosemary Kennedy under the supervision of Freeman. Kennedy's mental capacity diminished to that of a two-year-old child. She could not walk or speak intelligibly and was considered incontinent.

University of Virginia School of Medicine
The University of Virginia School of Medicine (UVA SOM or more commonly known as Virginia Medicine) is the graduate medical school of the University of Virginia. The school's facilities are on the University of Virginia grounds adjacent to Academical Village in Charlottesville, Virginia as well as a second campus located in Falls Church, Virginia.

Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, UVA SOM is the tenth oldest medical school in the United States. The School of Medicine confers Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees, and is closely associated with both the University of Virginia Health System and Inova Health System. Notable distinguished alumni include Walter Reed, Vivian Pinn, and many other leaders in medicine. The School is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious medical schools in the United States with many medical discoveries made on Grounds.
Dirfi
Dirfi (Greek: Δίρφη [ˈðiɾfi]), formerly Dirfys (Ancient Greek: Δίρφῠς [dírpʰys]), is a mountain in the central part of the island of Euboea, in central Greece. At 1,743 m elevation, it is the highest mountain of Euboea. The Dirfi gave its name to the municipal unit Dirfys. Its summit  is 4 km west of Stropones, 5 km north of Steni Dirfyos and 28 km northeast of the city of Chalcis. There are forests on the lower slopes while most of the mountain is covered with grassland and in winter with frost and snow.

Chalcis
Chalcis (/ˈkælsɪs/; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Χαλκίς, romanized: Chalkís), also called Chalkida or Halkida (Modern Greek: Χαλκίδα, pronounced [xalˈciða]), is the chief city of the island of Euboea in Greece, situated on the Euripus Strait at its narrowest point. The name is preserved from antiquity and is derived from the Greek χαλκός (copper, bronze), though there is no trace of any mines in the area. In the Late Middle Ages, it was known as Negropont(e), an Italian name that has also been applied to the entire island of Euboea.