hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trioza centranthi
Trioza  centranthi is a sap-sucking hemipteran bug in the family Triozidae which creates galls on the leaves and flowers of Centranthus and Valerianella species. It was first described by Jean Nicolas Vallot, a French entomologist in 1829 and is found in Europe.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
The Correct Way to Kill
"The Correct Way to Kill" is the ninth episode of the fifth series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee and Diana Rigg, and guest starring Anna Quayle, Michael Gough, Philip Madoc, and Terence Alexander. It was first broadcast in the Southern and Tyne Tees regions of the ITV network on Wednesday 8 March 1967. ABC Weekend Television, who commissioned the show for ITV, broadcast it in its own regions three days later on Saturday 11 March. The episode was directed by Charles Crichton, and written by Brian Clemens.

Charles Crichton
Charles Ainslie Crichton (6 August 1910 – 14 September 1999) was an English film director and editor.

Born in Wallasey, Cheshire, he became best known for directing many comedies produced at Ealing Studios and had a 40-year career editing and directing many films and television programmes. For his final film, the acclaimed comedy A Fish Called Wanda (1988), Crichton was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay (along with the film's star John Cleese).
Chennai Express (soundtrack)
Chennai Express (/tʃɪˈnaɪ/ ⓘ) is the soundtrack album composed by the duo Vishal–Shekhar for the 2013 Indian masala film of the same name, directed by Rohit Shetty and written by Sajid-Farhad and Yunus Sajawal, starring Deepika Padukone and Shah Rukh Khan along with Nikitin Dheer and Sathyaraj in supporting roles. The background score for the film is composed by Amar Mohile. The soundtrack album features nine songs, written by Amitabh Bhattacharya, and the song ''Lungi Dance" which was written and performed by Yo Yo Honey Singh as a tribute to the Indian movie superstar Rajinikanth.

The album was released by T-Series on 1 July 2013.

Superstar
A superstar is someone who has great popular appeal and is widely known, prominent, or successful in their field. Celebrities referred to as "superstars" may include individuals who work as actors, musicians, athletes, and other media-based professions.
Romy Madley Croft
Romy Madley Croft (born 18 August 1989), who releases solo music as Romy, is an English musician. She is the guitarist and co-vocalist of the xx, who won the Mercury Music Prize. In 2023, she released her first solo album, Mid Air, which peaked at No.15 on the UK Albums Chart. She was nominated for the Brit Award for British Dance Act at the 2024 Brit Awards.

Peaches (musician)
Merrill Beth Nisker (born 11 November 1966), also known by the stage name Peaches, is a Canadian electroclash musician and producer.

Peaches has been described as a "feminist and queer icon" by Variety.
2007 Webby Awards
The 11th annual 2007 Webby Awards were held in New York City on June 3, 2007. They were hosted by comedian Rob Corddry and were judged by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences. The ceremony saw 8,000 entries from over 60 countries and all 50 United States. Lifetime achievement awards were given to David Bowie and YouTube founders Chad Hurley and Steve Chen. This award ceremony for the first time introduced category awards beyond Websites in the three new super-categories: Interactive Advertising, Mobile & Apps, and Online Film & Video.

Steve Chen
Steve Chen (Chinese: 陳士駿; Wade–Giles: Chen Shih-chün; born August 25, 1978) is a Taiwanese-American  software engineer and Internet entrepreneur who is a co-founder and ex CTO of YouTube. After he co-founded AVOS Systems, Inc. and built MixBit, he joined Google Ventures in 2014.
Kate Mulvany
Kate Maree Mulvany OAM (born 1977) is an Australian actress, playwright and screenwriter. She works in theatre, television and film, with roles in Hunters (2020–2023), The Great Gatsby (2013), Griff the Invisible (2010) and The Final Winter (2007). She has played lead roles with Australian theatre companies as well as appearing on television and in film.

She has won several awards, including the Philip Parsons Young Playwrights Award for The Seed in 2004 and the Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Play for her role in Richard 3 in 2017.

New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards
The New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, also known as the NSW Premier's Literary Awards, were first awarded in 1979. They are among the richest literary awards in Australia. Notable prizes include the Christina Stead Prize for Fiction, the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry, and the Douglas Stewart Prize for Non-Fiction.

As of 2019, the Awards are presented by the NSW Government and administered by the State Library of New South Wales in association with Create NSW, with support of Multicultural NSW and the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Total prize money in 2019 was up to A$305,000, with eligibility limited to writers, translators and illustrators with Australian citizenship or permanent resident status.
Yaw Frimpong-Manso
Yaw Frimpong-Manso (born 10 March 1951) is a Ghanaian theologian, Biblical scholar, and Presbyterian minister. He served as the Moderator of the General Assembly of Presbyterian Church of Ghana from 2004 to 2010.

Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.
Windom, Minnesota
Windom is a city in and the county seat of Cottonwood County, Minnesota, United States.  The population was 4,798 at the 2020 census.  It is the county seat of Cottonwood County and is situated in the Coteau des Prairies.

Although a mostly small, rural farming community, Windom is host to several parks including a disc golf course at Mayflower Park.  The Des Moines River flows through Windom and serves as a gentle, rapid-free canoeing spot.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Super V
Super V is an Indian animated television series loosely based on Virat Kohli and was created by Harman Baweja for Star India. It was launched on multiple Star Network and Disney India's channels from 5 November 2019.

Disney India
The Walt Disney Company India, also known as Disney India, is the Indian subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

In March 2019, The Walt Disney Company India became India's biggest television broadcaster after the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney, which included Star India.
Outrage factor
In public policy, outrage factor is public opposition to a policy that is not based on the knowledge of the technical details. The term "outrage factor" originates from Peter Sandman's 1993 book, Responding to Community Outrage: Strategies for Effective Risk Communication.

Risk perception
Risk perception is the subjective judgement that people make about the characteristics and severity of a risk. Risk perceptions often differ from statistical assessments of risk since they are affected by a wide range of affective (emotions, feelings, moods, etc.), cognitive (gravity of events, media coverage, risk-mitigating measures, etc.), contextual (framing of risk information, availability of alternative information sources, etc.), and individual (personality traits, previous experience, age, etc.) factors. Several theories have been proposed to explain why different people make different estimates of the dangerousness of risks. Three major families of theory have been developed: psychology approaches (heuristics and cognitive), anthropology/sociology approaches (cultural theory) and interdisciplinary approaches (social amplification of risk framework).
Rimi Basu Sinha
Rimi Basu Sinha (born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India) is one of the very few female music composers in India. She is a trained musician and started training at the age of six. She has done her masters in Hindustani Classical from Allahabad University and then went on to pursue Sangeet Prabhakar and Senior Diploma in Light Music from Prayag Sangeet Samiti, Allahabad.

Doordarshan
Doordarshan (lit. 'distant vision, television'), abbreviated as DD, is India's state-owned public television broadcaster. Established by the Government of India on 15 September 1959, it is owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and constitutes one of Prasar Bharati's two divisions. Doordarshan, one of India's largest broadcasting organisations in studio and transmitter infrastructure, delivers television, radio, online, and mobile services across metropolitan and regional India, and internationally. It also broadcasts via digital terrestrial transmitters.
Littlebury
Littlebury is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district, north-west Essex, England. The village is approximately a mile and a half from the market town of Saffron Walden, 12 miles (20 km) south from Cambridge, the nearest city, and 23 miles (37 km) north-east from the county town and city of Chelmsford.

The parish of Littlebury includes the village of Littlebury Green and the hamlets of Catmere End and Chapel Green at the west, and parts of the estate of Audley End at the south-east. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 842.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Long View Stock Farm
Long View Stock Farm is a historic farmstead located in rural Gann Valley, South Dakota, United States. Originally established in 1910 on 52 acres (21 ha), the farm now spans across 640 acres (260 ha) in Eden Township.

The farmstead was purchased by the Sinkie family in 1902, who built a farmhouse in 1910. The barn was built in 1917. In 1924, a storm severely damaged the barn, destroying the hayloft, which was rebuilt in 1927. The Sinkies raised horses and livestock, including chickens and cattle; grew crops; and ran a dairy.

On August 24, 2018, 52 acres (21 ha) of the original farmland were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This area includes the barn, farmhouse, cellar, garage, two chicken coops, and an outhouse.

Farmstead
A farmstead refers to the buildings and service areas associated with a farm. It consists of the farmhouse along with the surrounding buildings. The characteristics of a specific farmstead reflect the local landscape, which provides their environmental context. Some farmsteads have additional outlying field barns and outfarms somewhat further afield than the main cluster of buildings at the farmstead.
13th federal electoral district of Michoacán
The 13th federal electoral district of Michoacán (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 13 de Michoacán) is a defunct federal electoral district of the Mexican state of Michoacán.

During its existence, the 13th district returned one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. From 1979 onwards, votes cast in the district also counted towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the country's electoral regions.

Suspended in 1930,
it was re-established as part of the 1977 political reforms. 
The restored 13th district was first contested in the 1979 mid-term election and it elected its final deputy in the 2003 mid-terms. It was dissolved by the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) in its 2004/05 redistricting process because the state's population no longer warranted 13 districts.

National Electoral Institute
The National Electoral Institute (Spanish: Instituto Nacional Electoral; INE), formerly the Federal Electoral Institute (Spanish: Instituto Federal Electoral; IFE), is an autonomous, public agency responsible for organizing federal elections in Mexico: that is, those related to the election of the President of the United Mexican States, the members of the Congress of the Union as well as elections of authorities and representatives at local and state levels. The agency's president is Guadalupe Taddei Zavala, appointed in 2023 for a nine-year term.
Hamam al-Qarahleh
Hamam El Qarahleh (Arabic: حمام القراحلة) is a Syrian village in the Jableh District in Latakia Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hamam El Qarahleh had a population of 921 in the 2004 census.

Jableh District
Jableh District (Arabic: منطقة جبلة, romanized: manṭiqat Jablah) is a district of the Latakia Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Jableh. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 196,171.

Agriculture has remained the most important economic sector in the province, with citrus fruits, apples, and olives being the main cash crops. Tourism mostly from the Persian Gulf States is also a major source of income for the inhabitants during the summer season.
Bibliography of sociology
This bibliography of sociology is a list of works, organized by subdiscipline, on the subject of sociology. Some of the works are selected from general anthologies of sociology, while other works are selected because they are notable enough to be mentioned in a general history of sociology or one of its subdisciplines.

Sociology studies society using various methods of empirical investigation to understand human social activity, from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structure.

Microsociology
Microsociology is one of the main levels of analysis (or focuses) of sociology, concerning the nature of everyday human social interactions and agency on a small scale: face to face.: 5  Microsociology is based on subjective interpretative analysis rather than statistical or empirical observation,: 18–21  and shares close association with the philosophy of phenomenology. Methods include symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology; ethnomethodology in particular has led to many academic sub-divisions and studies such as micro-linguistical research and other related aspects of human social behaviour. Macrosociology, by contrast, concerns the social structure and broader systems.
China Bar
China Bar is an Australian-Chinese restaurant chain. It primarily operates in the state of Victoria. Some locations operate as 24 hour locations.

China Bar was founded in 1996, with its flagship store operating on the corner of Russell Street and Lonsdale Street in Melbourne. It has 29 restaurants under 6 brands offering different types of Asian cuisine. Of those 29, two operate in Western Australia and one operates in the Northern Territory. The Burwood location is the largest Asian buffet restaurant in Melbourne. There are multiple CBD locations. Its restaurants are also located within suburban shopping centres and strips.

The chain was heavily affected by the 2020 COVID pandemic.

Australian Chinese cuisine
Australian Chinese cuisine is a style of cooking developed by Australians of Chinese descent, who adapted dishes to satisfy local Anglo-Celtic tastes. Its roots can be traced to indentured Chinese who were brought to work as cooks in country pubs and sheep stations.

Migrant numbers exploded with the gold rushes of the 19th century. By 1890, a third of all cooks were Chinese. Historians believe exemptions for Chinese chefs under the White Australia policy led to the eventual spread of Chinese restaurants across suburbs and country towns.

Most early Chinese migrants were from Guangdong province, and so Cantonese cuisine became the chief influence, using locally available vegetables and more meat than was usual in traditional recipes. Later Chinese immigration, as well as increasingly adventurous domestic palates, have led to restaurants with more authentic dishes from a wider selection of provinces.
Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos
Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known from around Likoma Island where it prefers rocky substrates at depths of from 5 to 10 metres (16 to 33 ft).  This species can grow to a length of 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in) SL. Also known as Maingano, this mbuna is often confused with P. johannii. One important distinguishing characteristic is that females are not orange, whereas female P. johanii are. Both male & female P. cyaneorhabdos are colored the same; however, males may have more intense coloring, particularly in dominant or sexually active males.  Another key distinguishing feature of P. cyaneorhabdos from P. johannii is the lack of vertical stripes. The horizontal stripes of P. cyaneorhabdos have been used to study the genetic control of phenotypic traits like coloration. It is a critically endangered species, mainly due to its popularity as an aquarium fish.

Fish coloration
Fish coloration, a subset of animal coloration, is extremely diverse. Fish across all taxa vary greatly in their coloration through special mechanisms, mainly pigment cells called chromatophores. Fish can have any colors of the visual spectrum on their skin, evolutionarily derived for many reasons. There are three factors to coloration, brightness (intensity of light), hue (mixtures of wavelengths), and saturation (the purity of wavelengths). Fish coloration has three proposed functions: thermoregulation, intraspecific communication, and interspecific communication.  Fishes' diverse coloration is possibly derivative of the fact that  "fish most likely see colors very differently than humans".
Heinz Conrads
Heinz Conrads (December 21, 1913 – April 9, 1986) was an Austrian actor, radio and television host, and Wienerlied performer. He appeared in more than thirty films during his career including the 1947 historical It's Only Love.

Wienerlied
The  Wienerlied (German, literally: Viennese song, pl. Wienerlieder) or Weanaliad (viennese, pl. Weanaliada) is a traditional song genre which has its roots in Austria's capital and largest city, Vienna. Wienerlieder often center on life in Vienna. They are almost exclusively sung in Viennese German, a local Austro-Bavarian dialect. The Wienerlied is a unique musical and socio-cultural phenomenon, a psychograph of the Viennese way of life; a mix between idealism, joie de vivre and desperation.

There are approximately 60,000 – 70,000 Wienerlieder, of which only a few hundred are still sung today.
2012 International German Open – Doubles
Oliver Marach and Alexander Peya were the defending champions but decided not to participate together.
Marach was to partner Daniele Bracciali but withdrew before the tournament, while Peya played alongside Nenad Zimonjić, but lost in the quarterfinals.
David Marrero and Fernando Verdasco won the title by beating Rogério Dutra da Silva and Daniel Muñoz de la Nava 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Oliver Marach
Oliver Marach (born 16 July 1980) is a former Austrian professional tennis player who primarily specialised in doubles.

He achieved his highest singles ranking of world No. 82 in August 2005, but achieved most of his success in doubles where he reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 2 on 28 May 2018.  Marach won his only Grand Slam title at the 2018 Australian Open, partnering Mate Pavić, and the pair also finished runners-up at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 French Open. He and Pavić were the 2018 ATP Doubles Team of the year. In mixed doubles, he has reached three Grand Slam semifinals.

He has represented Austria in the Davis Cup since 2003, and also played at the 2016 Olympic Games alongside Alexander Peya. In 2021, in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, he partnered with Philipp Oswald.

Marach retired from professional tennis in December 2022.
Charles Williams (Royal Navy officer)
Rear-Admiral Charles Bernard Williams CB OBE (19 February 1925 – 11 June 2015) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He was chairman of the Whitbread Round the World Race from 1981 to 1990.

Williams was born in Grahamstown, Union of South Africa, in 1925. He joined the Royal Navy soon after the start of the Second World War and became an engineering officer. He worked on ships of the Russian convoys and those providing gun fire support during the Normandy landings.

He was appointed an OBE for his work at the shore base HMS Sheba repairing British ships involved in the blockade of Beira. He was made a CB on his retirement in 1980 by which time he was Flag Officer, Medway and Port Admiral at Chatham Naval Base.

Williams was involved with the restoration of the Dutch lugger STV Astrid with the financial support of Sir Jack Hayward.

HMS Sheba
HMS Sheba also known as HM Naval Base, Aden was a Royal Navy shore base at Steamer Point (now Tawahi) in Aden. It was closed after South Yemen achieved independence in 1967.

During the Second World War the senior naval administrative authority was the Naval Officer-in-Charge, Aden (1935–46), and the Red Sea Force was active, including against the Italians.

After the 1961 Kuwait crisis Flag Officer, Middle East moved his headquarters to Steamer Point in Aden. The renamed British Forces Aden, now Middle East Command, also included the Amphibious Warfare Squadron from the same time.