hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cycling at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games
Cycling at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games was the 9th appearance of Cycling at the Commonwealth Games. The events were held in Christchurch, New Zealand, from 24 January to 2 February 1974.

The track events were held at Denton Park Velodrome on Chalmers Street in the west of Christchurch, which underwent reconstruction specifically for the Games. A new covered stand was added and the test event was the National Championships.

The road race was held in the south of Christchurch and was known as the Cashmere circuit, taking in Cashmere, Beckenham and Huntsbury. The distance was 114 miles, consisting of 17 laps of approximately 6.5 miles and included the Hackthorne Road 380 feet hill climb on each lap. 44 riders started at 7am on the last day of the Games.

England topped the cycling medal table, by virtue of winning four gold medals.

1974 British Commonwealth Games
The 1974 British Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1974 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Christchurch, New Zealand, from 24 January to 2 February 1974. The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games. The event was officially named "the friendly games".

There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials, according to the official history, and public attendance was excellent. The main venue was the QEII Park, purpose-built for this event, which included the athletics stadium, fully covered Olympic standard pool, diving pool, and practice pools.

The Games village was located at the University of Canterbury and had accommodation in the halls of residence and a dining hall for the competitors.

The theme song was "Join Together", sung by Steve Allen. The event was held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes.
Indranil Manna
Indranil Manna is an academician, currently serving as the Vice Chancellor of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (BIT Mesra), Jharkhand, India.

Manna is a fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences, and The National Academy of Science, India,. He was a former vice-President of Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi. and Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE).

Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (BIT, Mesra) is a government funded technical institute (GFTI) situated at Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. It was declared as a deemed university under Section 3 of the UGC Act. The institute was included under Section 12B of the UGC Act, 1956, in November 2023.
CBC Halifax
CBC Halifax refers to:

CBHA-FM, CBC Radio One on 90.5 FM

CBH-FM, CBC Radio 2 on 102.7 FM

CBHT-DT, CBC Television on channel 3

SRC Halifax refers to:

CBAF-FM-5, Première Chaîne on 92.3 FM

CBAX-FM, Espace musique on 91.5 FM

CBHFT, Télévision de Radio-Canada on channel 13, rebroadcaster of CBAFT

CBAX-FM
CBAX-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts Radio-Canada's Ici Musique network at 91.5 FM in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It was launched in 2002. CBAX's studios are located on Chebucto Road in Halifax, while its transmitter is located on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park.
Boudewijn Vincent Bonebakker
Boudewijn Bonebakker (born 1968) is a Dutch guitarist, songwriter, and teacher. He is best known as the former guitarist of Gorefest, an extreme metal band, from 1991 to 2008. After the band broke up, he started a new band called Gingerpig, whose music spanned blues, funk, soul, and hard rock. In 2017, he joined the band Monomyth.

Extreme metal
Extreme metal is a loosely defined umbrella term for a number of related heavy metal music subgenres that have developed since the early 1980s. It has been defined as a "cluster of metal subgenres characterized by sonic, verbal, and visual transgression", and refers to metal that is harsher, heavier, more aggressive and less commercialized than other subgenres. Extreme metal is generally underground music that values authenticity and strives to remain outside the mainstream. The term usually includes thrash metal, death metal, black metal and doom metal. Some definitions do not recognise doom metal, or consider that only some of its subgenres are extreme. Most extreme metal styles have very fast tempos and originally took inspiration from hardcore punk.
Peter D. Welch
Peter D. Welch was a scientist and researcher in the area of computer simulation, as well as applied mathematics, applied statistics, and computer science. A former IBM researcher, he is best known for his work with Welch's method to reduce signal noise.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Coat of arms of Portugal
The coat of arms of Portugal also referred, in Portugal, as the quinas are the main heraldic insignia of Portugal. They are used by the military and the government, including the courts.

There are three versions of the coat of arms. One is used on the national flag and the naval Jack, another is used on regimental colours of military units and on passports, and the third was intended to be used in seals, coins and other emblems. The shield, present on all three versions of the arms, is based on the royal arms used by the monarchy since the Middle Ages. The present model was de facto adopted on 1 December 1910, and de jure on 19 June 1911, specifications were published on 30 June 1911.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Washington Avenue Bridge (Waterbury, Connecticut)
The Washington Avenue Bridge is a historic lenticular truss bridge carrying Washington Avenue over the Mad River in Waterbury, Connecticut.  Built in 1881, it is the oldest known surviving example of a lenticular pony truss bridge built by the Corrugated Metal Company, later known as the Berlin Iron Bridge Company, a prolific bridge maker in New England of the late 19th century.  The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Berlin Iron Bridge Co.
The Berlin Iron Bridge Company was a Berlin, Connecticut company that built iron bridges and buildings that were supported by iron. It is credited as the architect of numerous bridges and buildings now listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It eventually became part of the American Bridge Company.
Mona von Bismarck
Countess Mona von Bismarck-Schönhausen (née Strader; February 5, 1897 – July 10, 1983), also known as Mona Bismarck, was an American socialite, fashion icon, and philanthropist. Her five husbands included Harrison Williams, among the richest men in America, and Count Albrecht Eduard "Eddie" von Bismarck-Schönhausen, a grandson of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. She was the first American to be named "The Best Dressed Woman in the World" by a panel of top couturiers, including Coco Chanel, and she was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame.

Haute couture
Haute couture is the creation of exclusive custom-fitted high-end fashion design. The term haute couture generally refers to a specific type of upper garment common in Europe during the 16th to the 18th century, or to the upper portion of a modern dress to distinguish it from the skirt and sleeves. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, Paris became the centre of a growing industry that focused on making outfits from high-quality, expensive, often unusual fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable of sewers—often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Couture is also commonly used on its own as an abbreviation of haute couture, referring to the same concept in spirit.
2017 Kurume U.S.E Cup – Doubles
Hsu Ching-wen and Ksenia Lykina were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Katy Dunne and Tammi Patterson won the title after defeating Erina Hayashi and Robu Kajitani 6–7(3–7), 6–2, [10–4] in the final.

Ksenia Lykina
Ksenia Valentinovna Lykina (Russian: Ксения Валентиновна Лыкина; born 19 June 1990) is a Russian former tennis player. Her highest WTA singles ranking is No. 171, which she reached in April 2010. Her career-high in doubles is 108, which she achieved in February 2017. She is an Australian Open girls' doubles champion (2008), and a finalist of US Open girls' doubles (2007).

Her best ITF junior ranking was No. 4 in the world.
Palawan's 1st congressional district
Palawan's 1st congressional district is one of the three congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Palawan. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district encompasses the northern portion of Palawan Island including the Calamianes, Cuyo and Kalayaan island chains. It consists of the municipalities of Agutaya, Araceli, Busuanga, Cagayancillo, Coron, Culion, Cuyo, Dumaran, El Nido, Kalayaan, Linapacan, Magsaysay, Roxas, San Vicente and Taytay. The district is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Rose Salvame of the People's Reform Party (PRP).

Araceli, Palawan
Araceli, officially the Municipality of Araceli (Tagalog: Bayan ng Araceli),  is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 14,554 people.

The municipality covers roughly the northern half of Dumaran Island. Cuyono is the principal language of the area.
Gelasius of Nilopolis
Gelasius of Nilopolis was an Egyptian Christian abbot who lived during the 5th century. He was one of the Desert Fathers and served as an abbot in Nilopolis during the mid-5th century.

Gelasius was a strong supporter of Juvenal of Jerusalem and adhered to the Council of Chalcedon.

Gelasius of Nilopolis is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is on 31 December.

December 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 30 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 1

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 13 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 31st, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 18.
Johannes Voldemar Veski
Johannes Voldemar Veski (27 June 1873 Vaidavere, Tartu County – 28 March 1968 Tartu) was an Estonian linguist.

From 1896 until 1899, he studied at the University of Tartu; he initially studied religion and thereafter nature sciences. From 1920 until 1938, he taught at the University of Tartu. Veski was the editor of the journal Eesti Keel from 1936 to 1940.

In 1946 he became a member of Estonian Academy of Sciences. From 1946 to 1968, he was the chair of the Mother Tongue Society.

His activity was primarily related to developing Estonian language terminology and Estonian language planning. In total, he was an editor or compiler of 30 specialised dictionaries (all of them consist of about 150,000 terms).

Tartu County
Tartu County (Estonian: Tartu maakond or Tartumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

It is located in eastern Estonia, and it borders Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County, and Jõgeva County.

The area of Tartu County is 2,992.74 km2 (1,155.50 sq mi), which covers 6.9% of the territory of Estonia. In 2022 Tartu County had a population of 157,758 – constituting 11.9% of the total population in Estonia. The city of Tartu is the centre of the county located at a distance of 186 km (116 mi) from Tallinn. Tartu County is divided into 8 local governments – 1 urban and 7 rural municipalities.
Dead Center (Game Theory album)
Dead Center is a compilation album from Game Theory, a California power pop band fronted by guitarist and singer-songwriter Scott Miller. Initially released in France on Lolita Records in 1984, a newly remastered version was released on CD on November 24, 2014, on Omnivore Recordings.

Michael Quercio
Michael Quercio (born March 13, 1963) is an American musician. He is the founder, bassist and lead singer of the Three O'Clock, and coined the term Paisley Underground as the name of a musical subgenre.
Brecknock Society and Museum Friends
Brecknock Society and Museum Friends (Welsh: Cymdeithas Brycheiniog a Chyfeillion yr Amgueddfa) is a Welsh historical society that promotes "the study and understanding of the Archaeology, History, Geology, Natural History, the Arts and Literature of Wales, especially the historic county of Brecknock."

The Brecknock Society was founded in 1928. In 1929 they made a successful appeal for the government to purchase Tretower Court, which had become badly neglected. The society handed the museum and its collections to the Breconshire County Council in 1950. In 1986 the Brecknock Society merged with the Friends of Brecknock Museum to form the Brecknock Society and Museum Friends.

The organisation has published the historical journal Brycheiniog since 1955. It also awards the annual Roland Mathias Prize, a literary prize named after author Roland Mathias. In 2007, they successfully petitioned for government funds to restore the Brecknock Museum and Art Gallery.

Brecon
Brecon (/ˈbrɛkən/; Welsh: Aberhonddu; pronounced [ˌabɛrˈhɔnði]), archaically known as Brecknock, is a market town in Powys, mid Wales. In 1841, it had a population of 5,701. The population in 2001 was 7,901, increasing to 8,250 at the 2011 census. Historically it was the county town of Brecknockshire (Breconshire); although its role as such was eclipsed with the formation of the County of Powys, it remains an important local centre. Brecon is the third-largest town in Powys, after Newtown and Ystradgynlais. It lies north of the Brecon Beacons mountain range, but is just within the Brecon Beacons National Park.
Rowley Village Forge Site
The Rowley Village Forge Site is a historic colonia-era iron foundry site in Boxford, Massachusetts.  The first iron forge in the area was established on Fish Brook in 1668 by Henry Leonard of the Leonard family, who were instrumental in the Saugus Iron Works further south.  This business ran until about 1681, but the site also saw industrial uses into the 19th century, with sawmills and gristmills quickly replacing the foundry after it failed.  Remnants of these works are visible from trails through conservation land off Lockwood Drive.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Boxford, Massachusetts
Boxford is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town's population was 8,203 in 2020.

The original town center of Boxford, along with East Boxford and other areas in the eastern part of the town, comprise the census-designated place of Boxford.
Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District
The Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District is a comprehensive regional public school district consisting of two four-year public high schools serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Franklin Lakes, Oakland, and Wyckoff, three suburban communities in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Students entering the district as freshmen have the option to attend either of the district's high schools, regardless of their residence, subject to a choice made during eighth grade.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 1,914 students and 197.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.7:1.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Die Healing
Die Healing is the seventh studio album by the American doom metal band Saint Vitus, released in 1995 by Hellhound Records. In addition to being their final album before disbanding in 1996, Die Healing saw the band reunite with the original lineup of vocalist Scott Reagers, guitarist Dave Chandler, bassist Mark Adams and drummer Armando Acosta. It would, however, be the last Saint Vitus album to feature Acosta before his death in 2010, and Reagers for 20 years until his return to the band in 2015.

In 2010, the album was reissued on limited-edition vinyl by Buried By Time And Dust Records.

Doom metal
Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics are intended to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom. The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath, who formed a prototype for doom metal. During the first half of the 1980s, a number of bands such as Witchfinder General and Pagan Altar from England, American bands Pentagram, Saint Vitus, the Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol, and Swedish band Candlemass defined doom metal as a distinct genre.
Plugged in Permanent
Plugged in Permanent is the seventh studio album by Canadian heavy metal band Anvil, released in 1996. The new official bass player was Glenn Gyorffy but studio bass tracks are credited to Mike Duncan, in his first and only release, replacing Ian Dickson. It is also the first release with Ivan Hurd on guitar replacing Sebastian Marino.

The title is a parody of the MTV Unplugged series of albums/performances. It is the band's first release on Massacre Records.

Massacre Records
Massacre Records is an independent record label based in Abstatt, Germany, specializing in bands from the heavier genres of metal.

The label was founded in 1991 by Torsten Hartmann. Associated with Massacre Records are the marketing and music wholesale company Metal Merchant, the sub-labels Blue Rose Records and Gutter Records, dedicated to the singer/songwriter genre and German metal respectively, and the music publisher Sylvian Music. Massacre Records also distributes albums for the gothic metal label MCM Music.

From 1995 to 2000, Massacre Records operated the sub-label Swanlake Records for its gothic metal and folk metal releases. The most well-known artists published on Swanlake include Skyclad, Atrocity, Theatre of Tragedy, and Liv Kristine.

The best-selling albums released by Massacre Records are: Velvet Darkness They Fear and Aégis by Theatre of Tragedy, and Werk 80 by Atrocity.
Kustas Tonkmann
Kustas Tonkmann (1 July 1882 Vaikna Parish (now Lääne-Nigula Parish), Wiek County – 13 August 1942 Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian SFSR) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the II, III, IV and V Riigikogu.

Lääne-Nigula Parish
Lääne-Nigula Parish (Estonian: Lääne-Nigula vald) is a rural municipality of Estonia, in Lääne County. It has a population of 7,041 (as of 1 January 2019) and an area of 1,449 km2 (559 sq mi).

Lääne-Nigula Parish was established by merging Oru, Risti, and Taebla parishes after the municipal elections held on 20 October 2013. In 2017, the former municipalities Noarootsi, Nõva, Kullamaa and Martna were also merged into Lääne-Nigula.
Lasbela Bridge
Lasbela bridge (Urdu:پل لسبيله) is a road bridge located in the Lasbela neighbourhood of Liaquatabad Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It spans the Lyari River and passes beneath the Lyari Expressway.

The name "Lasbela" is historically linked to the Las Bela (princely state) in present-day Balochistan. Prior to the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the ruler maintained an official residence or consular presence near the Lyari River in Karachi. As a result, the surrounding area came to be associated with it and became known as Lasbela. The bridge constructed in this locality was subsequently named Lasbela Bridge.

Las Bela (princely state)
Las Bela (Urdu: لسبیلہ) was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India (later a princely state of Pakistan) which existed until 1955. The state occupied an area of 18,254 km2 (7,048 sq mi) in the extreme southeast of the Balochistan region, with an extensive coastline on the Arabian Sea to the south. Las Bela was bordered by the princely states of Kalat and Makran to the north and west. To the east lay the province of Sind and to the southeast lay the Federal Capital Territory around the city of Karachi.
Xanthurenic acid
Xanthurenic acid, or xanthurenate, is a metabolic intermediate that accumulates and is excreted by pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficient animals after the ingestion of tryptophan.

Xanthurenic acid is suspected to be an endogenous agonist for Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in humans. It is also known to be a potent VGLUT inhibitor, thereby preventing the movement of glutamate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles, an action that it mediates via competitive blockade of vesicular glutamate transporters (Ki = 0.19 mM).

In 2015 researchers reported a marked reduction of xanthurenic acid levels in the serum of patients with schizophrenia. A recent meta-analysis showed that blood xanthurenic acid levels are lower in individuals suffering from bipolar disorder as well.

Xanthurenic acid has also been shown to induce gametogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. It is found in the gut of the Anopheles mosquito.

Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes. Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism, gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into various gametes, or by mitosis. For example, plants produce gametes through mitosis in gametophytes. The gametophytes grow from haploid spores after sporic meiosis. The existence of a multicellular, haploid phase in the life cycle between meiosis and gametogenesis is also referred to as alternation of generations.

It is the biological process of gametogenesis during which cells that are haploid or diploid divide to create other cells. It can take place either through mitotic or meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into different cells depending on an organism's biological life cycle. For instance, gametophytes in plants undergo mitosis to produce gametes. Both male and female have different forms.
W. J. Campbell
William J. Campbell (May 15, 1885 – September 29, 1949) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1945 to 1949, as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

The son of Duncan Campbell Jr., Campbell was born in Teulon, Manitoba. In 1919, he married Isabel Fraser. Campbell was a member of the council for the Rural Municipality of Rockwood from 1922 to 1937 and served as reeve from 1942 to 1945, when he resigned to run for election provincially. He was elected to the provincial legislature in the 1945 election, defeating Liberal-Progressive incumbent Mungo Lewis by 297 votes in the Rockwood constituency.

The Liberal-Progressives and Progressive Conservatives were partners in a coalition government during this period, and Campbell sat as a government backbencher during his time in the legislature. He died in office in 1949.

Rural Municipality of Rockwood
Rockwood is a rural municipality (RM) lying north of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is part of the Winnipeg Metro Region and had a 2021 census population of 8,440. The independently governed towns of Stonewall and Teulon are both enclaved within Rockwood.