hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peppered shiner
The peppered shiner or colorless shiner (Miniellus perpallidus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the true minnows. It is endemic to the United States where it is found in the Red and Ouachita river drainages in southeastern Oklahoma and southern Arkansas.

Historically the species was found in the Little, Kiamichi, Mountain Fork rivers in Oklahoma and the Antoine, Caddo, Little Missouri, Ouachita, and Saline rivers in Arkansas. However due to reservoir construction and changes to habitat Peppered Shiners have not been documented outside of the Saline River since 2001 (Robison, 2006).

Kiamichi River
The Kiamichi River is a river in southeastern Oklahoma, United States of America.  A tributary of the Red River of the South, its headwaters rise on Pine Mountain in the Ouachita Mountains near the Arkansas border.  From its source in Polk County, Arkansas, it flows approximately 177 miles (285 km) to its confluence with the Red River at Hugo, Oklahoma.
Pausa
In linguistics, pausa (Latin for 'break', from Greek παῦσις, pâusis 'stopping, ceasing') is the hiatus between prosodic declination units. The concept is somewhat broad, as it is primarily used to refer to allophones that occur in certain prosodic environments, and these environments vary between languages.

Vowel hiatus
In phonology, hiatus (/haɪˈeɪtəs/ hy-AY-təs) or diaeresis (/daɪˈɛrəsɪs, -ˈɪər-/ dy-ERR-ə-siss, -⁠EER-; also spelled dieresis or diæresis) describes the occurrence of two separate vowel sounds in adjacent syllables with no intervening consonant. When two vowel sounds instead occur together as part of a single syllable, the result is called a diphthong.
Paul Dupuis
Paul Dupuis (August 11, 1913 – January 23, 1976) was a French Canadian film actor who was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and who performed in British films during the late 1940s. The roles he played were mainly as the romantic leading man. He died in Saint-Sauveur in Quebec.

His films include Johnny Frenchman (1945), The White Unicorn (1947), La Forteresse (1947),
Sleeping Car to Trieste (1948), Passport to Pimlico (1949), The Romantic Age (1949), The Reluctant Widow (1950), and Tit-Coq (1953). He was also seen in the popular Quebec television series Les Belles Histoires des pays d'en haut.

Johnny Frenchman
Johnny Frenchman is a 1945 British comedy-drama romance war film produced by Ealing Studios and directed by Charles Frend.  The film was produced by Michael Balcon from a screenplay by T. E. B. Clarke, with cinematography by Roy Kellino.
PlusCal
PlusCal (formerly called +CAL) is a formal specification language created by Leslie Lamport, which transpiles to TLA+. In contrast to TLA+'s action-oriented focus on distributed systems, PlusCal most resembles an imperative programming language and is better-suited when specifying sequential algorithms. PlusCal was designed to replace pseudocode, retaining its simplicity while providing a formally defined and verifiable language. A one-bit clock is written in PlusCal as follows:

Sequential algorithm
In computer science, a sequential algorithm or serial algorithm is an algorithm that is executed sequentially – once through, from start to finish, without other processing executing – as opposed to concurrently or in parallel. The term is primarily used to contrast with concurrent algorithm or parallel algorithm; most standard computer algorithms are sequential algorithms, and not specifically identified as such, as sequentialness is a background assumption. Concurrency and parallelism are in general distinct concepts, but they often overlap – many distributed algorithms are both concurrent and parallel – and thus "sequential" is used to contrast with both, without distinguishing which one. If these need to be distinguished, the opposing pairs sequential/concurrent and serial/parallel may be used.

"Sequential algorithm" may also refer specifically to an algorithm for decoding a convolutional code.
Mestwinowo
Mestwinowo [mɛstfiˈnɔvɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Liniewo, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in October 1939, the SS and Selbstschutz murdered 46 Polish farmers from Jaroszewy in the village, after they were previously deceitfully gathered for a formal meeting in their home village.

Kościerzyna County
Kościerzyna County (Kashubian: Kòscérsczi kréz, Polish: powiat kościerski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kościerzyna, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. Its borders equal approximately the borders of the old Marquessate of Berent in the German Empire.

The county covers an area of 1,165.85 square kilometres (450.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 72,589, out of which the population of Kościerzyna is 23,776, and the rural population is 48,813.

Kościerzyna County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kościerzyna County is bordered by Kartuzy County to the north, Gdańsk County and Starogard County to the east, Chojnice County to the south, and Bytów County to the west.
2015 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur
The 2015 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 31st edition of the Open de Nice Côte d'Azur and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France, from 17 May through 23 May 2015.

Open de Nice Côte d'Azur
The Nice French Riviera Open (or Open de Nice Côte d'Azur in French) was an ATP World Tour 250 series and, formerly, Grand Prix tennis circuit affiliated men's tennis tournament. This tournament was originally founded in 1925 as a combined event called the City of Nice Championships  and remained as a combined event until 1971 and 1976 to 1978. Also known as the Nice International Championships. It was held in Nice, France at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club and played on outdoor clay courts. The last singles champion is Dominic Thiem from Austria.
Bodo Nitsche
Bodo Nitsche (24 August 1938 –  18 February 2017) was a German tennis player.

Raised in Stuttgart, Nitsche played Bundesliga tennis for TEC Waldau. He was a member of the West German Davis Cup squad and reached the third round of the 1962 U.S. National Championships, losing to the top seed Rod Laver. In 1963 he won the singles gold medal at the World University Games in Porto Alegre.

Nitsche worked as an engineer for Mercedes-Benz outside of tennis and had three children with wife Ingrid. His younger brother Detlev was a top collegiate player in the U.S. and played in the Wimbledon junior tournament.

1962 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1962 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, New York. The tournament ran from 29 August until 10 September. It was the 82nd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1962. The men's singles event was won by Australian Rod Laver whose victory completed his first Grand Slam.
Optica (journal)
Optica is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by Optica. It covers the entire spectrum of theoretical and applied optics and photonics. It was established in July 2014. The founding editor-in-chief was Alexander Gaeta (Columbia University).

In 2020, the editor-in-chief became Prem Kumar (Northwestern University, USA), assisted by an extended team of Deputy Editors: Thomas Krauss (University of York, England), Curtis Menyuk (University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA), Irina Novikova (College of William & Mary, USA), Nathalie Picqué (Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Germany) and Eric Potma (University of California, Irvine, USA).

Nathalie Picqué
Nathalie Picqué (born Demeber 2, 1973) is a French physicist working at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics  in the field Frequency Combs, where she studies ultra-high resolution spectroscopy using ultrashort pulses of light combined with Fourier-transform spectroscopy to reveal the fine chemistry of samples, in particular in the mid-infrared, demonstrating resolving power in excess of 1,000,000,000,000.
Braver
Braver is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Braver (born 1963), American author

Gary Braver, pen name of Gary Goshgarian, science fiction and thriller author

Lee Braver (born 1969), American philosopher

Rita Braver (born 1948), correspondent for CBS News

Lee Braver
Lee Braver is an American philosopher and a Courtesy Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. He works at the intersection of analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, especially through the lenses of Martin Heidegger and Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Liśnica
Liśnica [liɕˈnit͡sa] (German: Augustenhof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tychowo, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Tychowo, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Białogard, and 120 km (75 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 70.

Białogard County
Białogard County (Polish: powiat białogardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Białogard, which lies 113 kilometres (70 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other towns in the county are Karlino, lying 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Białogard, and Tychowo, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Białogard.

The county covers an area of 845.36 square kilometres (326.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population was 48,241, out of which the population of Białogard was 24,339, that of Karlino 5,794, and the rural population 18,108 (including approximately 2,500 for the population of Tychowo, which became a town in 2010).
Hossein Saberi
Hossein Saberi (Persian: حسین صابری; born 1966 in Gonabad, Iran) is an Iranian academic, translator and researcher with a special interest in Islamic Law and Jurisprudence. He is professor of jurisprudence (fiqh) in the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and the current Director of FUM Press.

Gonabad
Gonabad (Persian: گناباد) is a city in the Central District of Gonabad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

The city is best known as the home  of the Gonabadi Dervishes and also for its qanats, (known also as kahriz). It is one of the most important producers of saffron in Iran. Other agricultural products include: grapes, pistachios, and pomegranates. The shrine of the Ni'matullāhī Gonabadi dervish order is located in Bidokht, a city in Gonabad County.
SS Calabria
SS Calabria was a passenger and cargo steamship. AG Weser built her for Norddeutscher Lloyd. She was launched as D/S Werra and completed in 1922.  ("D/S" stands for Dampfschiff in German as "SS" stands for "steamship" in English.)

In 1935 she was bought by Flotte Riunite Cosulich-Lloyd-Sabaudo Navigazione Generale, who renamed her Calabria. In 1937 she was sold to Lloyd Triestino.

In June 1940 the UK seized her and placed in the management of the British-India Steam Navigation Company. In December 1940 she was torpedoed and sunk. When she sank, all of her 360 passengers and crew lost their lives. The Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) was going to rename her Empire Inventor, but she was sunk before this had been done.

Italian Line
Known as Italian Line and from 1992 Italia Line, whose official name was Italia di Navigazione S.p.A., was a passenger shipping line that operated regular transatlantic services between Italy and the United States, and Italy and South America. During the late 1960s the company turned to running cruises, and from 1981 it became a global freight operator.
The One (Shinichi Osawa album)
The One is an album by Japanese musician, DJ, record producer and composer Shinichi Osawa, and the first studio album released under his real name. The album is a major departure for Osawa; mainly electro house and breakbeat roots, and focusing more on the experimental variants of house (electro, fidget, among others) as well as electronic rock. Many tracks make use of regular instrumentation; usually guitars, bass and drums, but extending to koto in the final track.

It features collaborations with Au Revoir Simone, Princess Superstar, Ania Chorabik, Nelson, Freeform Five and others.

Koto (instrument)
The koto (箏 or 琴) is a Japanese plucked half-tube zither instrument, and the national instrument of Japan. It is derived from the Chinese zheng and se, and similar to the Mongolian yatga, the Korean gayageum and ajaeng, the Vietnamese đàn tranh, the Sundanese kacapi and the Kazakh jetigen. Koto are roughly 180 centimetres (6 ft) in length, and made from Paulownia wood (Paulownia tomentosa, known as kiri). The most common type uses 13 strings strung over movable bridges used for tuning, different pieces possibly requiring different tuning. Seventeen-string koto are also common, and act as bass in ensembles. Koto strings are generally plucked using three fingerpicks (tsume), worn on the first three fingers of the right hand.
Unaitas Sacco Society Limited
Unaitas Sacco Society Limited, whose full name is Unaitas Savings & Credit Cooperative Society Limited, also Unaitas Sacco, is a savings and credit co-operative society (Sacco) in Kenya. Membership includes individuals, investment groups and small businesses.

Murang'a County
Murang'a County is a county in Central, Kenya in the Mount Kenya region. Its largest town and capital is Murang'a, which was referred to as Fort Hall during the colonial era. The county is inhabited mainly by, and is considered the birthplace of the Gikuyu, the largest ethnic group in Kenya. The county had a population of 1,056,640 as of the 2019 census.
Aurora Private School
Aurora Private School is a private school in Sundowner, Randburg, South Africa. It takes children from 2.5 years old to Grade 12, at which point they take exams through the Independent Examinations Board. It was originally established in 1993 as a progressive school but is now run by Curro Independent School.

Independent Examinations Board
The Independent Examinations Board (IEB) is a South African independent assessment agency which offers examinations for various client schools, mostly private schools. It is most prominent in setting examinations for the school-leaving National Senior Certificate (NSC) examination, a qualification that replaced the Senior Certificate and Further Education and Training Certificate. The IEB is accredited by Umalusi, the Council for Quality Assurance in General and Further Education and Training, and serves as a recognised assessment body.
ISO 3166-2:PR
ISO 3166-2:PR is the entry for Puerto Rico in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico, an insular area of the United States, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code PR. Moreover, it is also assigned the ISO 3166-2 code US-PR under the entry for the United States.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
Linnyshaw
Linnyshaw is an area of Walkden, a town in the City of Salford district of Greater Manchester, England. Historically within Lancashire, it lies to the east of Walkden, immediately south of junction 2 of the M61 motorway. The area is predominantly moss and there is a very small population. Linnyshaw lies entirely within the Walkden North council ward and within the Worsley parliamentary constituency. It is bordered by Kearsley to the north and Wardley to the east.

Between 1865 and 1921 Linnyshaw Colliery was operated by the Bridgewater Trustees.

Linnyshaw Colliery
Linnyshaw Colliery or Berryfield was a coal mine originally owned by the Bridgewater Trustees operating after 1860 on the Manchester Coalfield in Walkden, Greater Manchester, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England.
Alfred Van Landeghem
Alfred Van Landeghem was a Belgian coxswain who won silver medals in men's eight at the 1900 Summer Olympics and again in men's eight at the 1908 Summer Olympics as part of the Royal Club Nautique de Gand team.

Rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight was one of four rowing events on the Rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Nations could enter up to two boats (total of 16 rowers and 2 coxswains). Six boats from five nations competed. The event was won by Leander Club, one of the two British boats. The silver medal went to the Belgian team from Royal Club Nautique de Gand. Bronze medals were awarded to the two semifinal losers; Argonaut Rowing Club of Canada had been defeated by Leander while Britain's second boat, from Cambridge University Boat Club, lost to the Belgians.
Arctic Research Foundation
The Arctic Research Foundation (ARF) is a private, nonprofit organization based in Canada. Federally incorporated in 2011, ARF works with Indigenous and northern communities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), government, private corporations and academia to facilitate science research and community initiatives.

ARF’s mandate is to find innovative and flexible solutions to the unique challenges that are ever-present in the Arctic.

By developing effective science-community partnerships and physical infrastructure initiatives, ARF aims to contribute to the economic, social and spiritual well-being of communities, provide important and timely information on how and why the environment is changing, and inform systems-based, adaptive co-management approaches to climate adaptation.

Canadian Coast Guard
The Canadian Coast Guard (CCG; French: Garde côtière canadienne; GCC) is a special operating agency responsible for marine search and rescue (SAR), navigation aids, marine communications and traffic services, icebreaking, and marine pollution response. Formed in 1962, the CCG is a civilian organization currently housed within the Department of National Defence (DND) and headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario. The CCG operates 119 vessels of varying sizes and 23 helicopters, along with a variety of smaller craft.
Akashic Records of Bastard Magic Instructor
Akashic Records of Bastard Magic Instructor (Japanese: ロクでなし魔術講師と禁忌教典(アカシックレコード), Hepburn: Roku de Nashi Majutsu Kōshi to Akashikku Rekōdo) is a Japanese light novel series written by Tarō Hitsuji and illustrated by Kurone Mishima. Fujimi Shobo has published twenty-four volumes from July 19, 2014, to November 17, 2023, under their Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation with art by Aosa Tsunemi has been serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's shōnen manga magazine Monthly Shōnen Ace from March 26, 2015, to June 25, 2021, and has been collected in sixteen tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Liden Films aired from April to June 2017.

Kadokawa Shoten
Kadokawa Shoten (角川書店), formerly the Kadokawa Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. (株式会社角川書店, Kabushiki-gaisha Kadokawa Shoten), is a Japanese publisher and division of Kadokawa Future Publishing based in Tokyo, Japan. It became an internal division of Kadokawa Corporation on October 1, 2013. Kadokawa publishes manga, light novels, manga anthology magazines such as Monthly Asuka and Monthly Shōnen Ace, and entertainment magazines such as Newtype. Since its founding, Kadokawa has expanded into the multimedia sector, namely in video games (as Kadokawa Games) and in live-action and animated films (as Kadokawa Pictures).
The Nun's Story (film)
The Nun's Story is a 1959 American drama film directed by Fred Zinnemann and starring Audrey Hepburn, Peter Finch, Edith Evans, Peggy Ashcroft, and Dean Jagger. The screenplay was written by Robert Anderson, based on the 1956 novel of the same name by Kathryn Hulme. The film tells the life of Gabrielle van der Mal, a young woman who decides to enter a convent and make the many sacrifices required by her choice.

The film is a relatively faithful adaptation of the novel, which was based on the life of Belgian nun Marie Louise Habets. Latter portions of the film were shot on location in the Belgian Congo and feature Finch as a cynical but caring surgeon.

Released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 18, 1959, The Nun's Story was a critical and financial success, and was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actress for Hepburn. Franz Waxman's score was nominated for an Oscar and a Grammy Award.

America (magazine)
America is a monthly Catholic magazine published by the Jesuits of the United States and headquartered in midtown Manhattan. It contains news and opinion about Catholicism and how it relates to American politics and cultural life. It has been published continuously since 1909, and is also available online.

With its Jesuit affiliation, America has been considered a liberal-leaning publication, and has been described by The Washington Post as "a favorite of Catholic liberal intellectuals".
Panama Civil Defense Seismic Network
The Panama Civil Defense Seismic Network collects and studies ground motion from about 60 seismometers throughout Panama.  These stations monitor volcanoes, tectonic activities, rivers, and tsunami to give fast, real-time information and warnings about these potential hazards.

Seismometer
A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground displacement and shaking caused by quakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. They are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph. The output of such a device—formerly recorded on paper (see picture) or film, now recorded and processed digitally—is a seismogram. Such data is used to locate and characterize earthquakes, and to study the internal structure of Earth.