hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
José Pérez Adán
José Pérez Adán (born 1952 in Cartagena, Spain) is a Spanish sociologist. He holds a teaching and research position in Sociology at the University of Valencia (Spain). He is a charter member of the Valencian Institute of Fertility, Sexuality and Family Relations (IVAF) and of the Inter-American Foundation for Science and Life. He is a co-founder and board member of the Latin-American Association of Communitarianism (AIC). He presides over the Spanish chapter of the Society for the Advancement of Socioeconomics, and is general coordinator of the Free International University of the Americas (ULIA). He does research and teaches on Socioeconomics, Communitarianism, Family Relations, and Environmental Studies, and is the principal Spanish language popularizer of the thought of Amitai Etzioni.

Amitai Etzioni
Amitai Etzioni (/ˈæmɪtaɪ ˌɛtsiˈoʊni/; Hebrew: אמיתי עציוני; né Werner Falk; 4 January 1929 – 31 May 2023) was an Israeli-American sociologist, best known for his work on socioeconomics and communitarianism. He founded the Communitarian Network, a non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to supporting the moral, social, and political foundations of society. He established the network to disseminate the movement's ideas. His writings argue for a carefully crafted balance between individual rights and social responsibilities, and between autonomy and order, in social structure. In 2001, he  was named among the top 100 American intellectuals, as measured by academic citations, in Richard Posner's book, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline.

Etzioni was the Director of the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies at The George Washington University, where he also served as a professor of International Affairs.
Alcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.

It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, and is the leading cause of death from excessive drinking. Although steatosis (fatty liver disease) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible. More than 90% of all heavy drinkers develop fatty liver whilst about 25% develop the more severe alcoholic hepatitis, and 15% liver cirrhosis.

For patients with chronic hepatitis B, a strict adherence to abstinence from alcohol is highly recommended.

Alcohol dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) (EC 1.1.1.1) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NADH. In humans and many other animals, they serve to break down alcohols that are otherwise toxic, and they also participate in the generation of useful aldehyde, ketone, or alcohol groups during the biosynthesis of various metabolites. In yeast, plants, and many bacteria, some alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the opposite reaction as part of fermentation to ensure a constant supply of NAD+.
Abdou Moumouni University
Abdou Moumouni University (French: Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, UAM), formerly the University of Niamey from 1974 to 1994, is a public university based in Niamey, the capital of Niger. The main campus is situated on the right bank of the Niger River. Historically, its students and faculty have been involved in protest movements in the capital.

Zinder
Zinder (locally, Damagaram), formerly also spelled Sinder, is the third largest city in Niger, with a population of 235,605 as by the 2012 census. It is situated 861 km (535 mi) east of the capital Niamey and 240 km (150 mi) north of the Nigerian city of Kano.
David Saelens
David Saelens (born 2 July 1975 in Ypres, West Flanders) is a racing driver from Belgium. He drove in several racing classes such as Formula Three, International Formula 3000, American Le Mans Series, DTM and most recently the 2018 Porsche Supercup. In 1998, he won the Marlboro Masters of Formula 3 at Zandvoort. That same year, he became the first non-French driver to win the French Formula Three Championship.

French Formula Three Championship
The French Formula Three Championship was a motor racing series for Formula Three cars held in France between 1964 and 2002. The series was merged with the German Formula Three Championship in 2003 to form the Formula 3 Euro Series.
2007 U.S. Open (golf)
The 2007 United States Open Championship was the 107th U.S. Open, held June 14–17 at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont, Pennsylvania, a suburb northeast of Pittsburgh.

Ángel Cabrera won his first major championship, one stroke ahead of runners-up Jim Furyk and Tiger Woods, who were unable to birdie the 72nd hole to force a Monday playoff. Cabrera's victory marked the first U.S. Open won by an Argentine or a South American. It was the first of his two major titles; he won the Masters in a playoff in 2009.

This was the eighth U.S. Open and eleventh professional major held at Oakmont.

2009 Masters Tournament
The 2009 Masters Tournament was the 73rd Masters Tournament, held April 9–12 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Ángel Cabrera, age 39, won his second major title in a playoff over Chad Campbell and Kenny Perry. Cabrera became the first (and only) Masters champion from Argentina and South America.

This was the final Masters appearance for three-time champion Gary Player, and one-time champions Raymond Floyd and Fuzzy Zoeller.
Nigerian Law School
The Nigerian Law School is an educational institution set up to provide professional certification to graduates of law.  The school was established in Lagos under the Legal Education Act 1962, now Legal Education (Consolidation Etc) Act Cap. L10, Laws of the Federation, 2004.  Until the school was established, legal practitioners in Nigeria had received the requisite training in England and had been called to the English Bar.

Vice President of Nigeria
The vice president of Nigeria is the second-highest official in the executive branch of the federal government of Nigeria, after the president of Nigeria, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. Officially styled Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the vice president is directly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office.

Kashim Shettima is the 15th and current vice president of Nigeria, he assumed office on 29 May 2023.
Peter Paul Biro
Peter Paul Biró (1954–2024) was a forensic art analyst, known for his work in authenticating paintings using fingerprint analysis. He was involved in several high-profile cases, including the authentication of works attributed to artists Jackson Pollock, Leonardo da Vinci, and Goodridge Roberts. Biro's techniques and conclusions were subjects of debate and scrutiny. In 2009, The New Yorker published an article that critically examined Biro's methods. Subsequently, Biro filed a defamation lawsuit against the magazine, the article's author, and others. The courts later dismissed the lawsuit.

David Grann
David Elliot Grann (born March 10, 1967) is an American journalist, a staff writer for The New Yorker, and author.

His first book, The Lost City of Z: A Tale of Deadly Obsession in the Amazon, was published by Doubleday in February 2009. After its first week of publication, it debuted on The New York Times bestseller list at No. 4 and later reached No. 1. Grann's articles have been collected in several anthologies, including What We Saw: The Events of September 11, 2001, The Best American Crime Writing of 2004 and 2005, and The Best American Sports Writing of 2003 and 2006. He has written for The New York Times Magazine, The Atlantic, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and The Weekly Standard.

According to a profile in Slate, Grann has a reputation as a "workhorse reporter", which has made him a popular journalist who "inspires a devotion in readers that can border on the obsessive."
Taking Lives (film)
Taking Lives is a 2004 American psychological thriller film directed by D. J. Caruso and starring Angelina Jolie and Ethan Hawke, with supporting roles by Kiefer Sutherland, Olivier Martinez, Tchéky Karyo, Jean-Hugues Anglade, and Gena Rowlands. Written by Jon Bokenkamp and loosely adapted from the 1999 novel by Michael Pye, the film centers on an enigmatic serial killer who takes on the identities of his victims.

The film was released in the United States on March 19, 2004, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received generally negative reviews from critics, but was a moderate commercial success.

Jean-Hugues Anglade
Jean-Hugues Anglade (born 29 July 1955) is a French actor, film director, and screenwriter. He has been twice nominated for the César Award for Best Actor, for Betty Blue (1986) and Nocturne Indien (1990), and won Best Supporting Actor for La Reine Margot (1994). In 2010, he was ascended a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters.
Flags of the Aceh Sultanate
The Alam Peudeuëng Mirah (Jawoë: علم ڤدڠ مره‎ pronounced [alam pɯdɯəŋ mirah]; The Red Sword Standard) or Alam Peudeuëng (Jawoë: علم ڤدڠ‎ pronounced [alam pɯdɯəŋ]; The Sword Standard) consists of a white crescent and star and a sword below, pointed to the right, on a red field. Alam Peudeuëng was used by the Aceh Sultanate as early as the 16th century until its annexation into the Dutch East Indies after the Aceh War.

Nowadays, Alam Peudeuëng is often used to represent the Acehnese people as an alternative to the Moon Star flag used by the Free Aceh Movement, which would go against Indonesian law as it's a symbol tied to a separatist movement.

Aceh Sultanate
The Aceh Sultanate, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (Acehnese: Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: اچيه دارالسلام‎), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day province Indonesia of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline. Its capital was Kutaraja, the present-day Banda Aceh.

At its peak it competed with the Sultanate of Johor and Portuguese Malacca, both on the Malay Peninsula, as all three attempted to control the trade through the Strait of Malacca and the regional exports of pepper and tin, with varying success. In addition to its considerable military strength, the court of Aceh became a noted center of Islamic scholarship and trade.
Horsfieldia superba
Horsfieldia superba is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore, and is threatened by habitat loss. It is used in traditional herbal medicine and contains an alkaloid called horsfiline, which has analgesic effects, as well as several other compounds including 5-MeO-DMT and 6-methoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline.

Myristicaceae
The Myristicaceae are a family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, Myristica fragrans, the source of the spices nutmeg and mace. The best known genera are Myristica in Asia and Virola in the Neotropics.

The family consists of about 21 genera with about 520 species of trees, shrubs and rarely lianas (Pycnanthus) found in tropical forests around the world. Most of the species are large trees that are valued in the timber industry.
Thamarai Kulam
Thamarai Kulam (transl. Lotus Pond) is a 1959 Indian Tamil language film directed by Muktha Srinivasan, written by S. R. Natarajan and produced by him along with S. R. Veerabahu. The film stars features Sowcar Janaki and V. Gopalakrishnan. M. R. Radha, N. N. Kannappa, K. Sarangapani, V. S. Raghavan, S. A. Ashokan, Kaka Radhakrishnan, S. N. Lakshmi, Padmini Priyadarshini, and Nagesh in his film debut play supporting roles. The film was released on 14 April 1959.

V. S. Raghavan
V. S. Raghavan (18 February 1925 – 24 January 2015) was an Indian actor, who has acted both in Tamil films as well as television. He started his career as a dramatist and stage actor and went on to act as a character actor in films, starting with Vairamali (1954) and over 1000 films in all.  He has also acted in numerous television series. He died on 24 January 2015.
Buk District, Gwangju
Buk District (Korean: 북구; RR: Buk-gu; lit. North District) is a district situated in the northern part of the city of Gwangju, South Korea.  It is similar to a ward in the United States. The district is by far the most populated district in Gwangju, and elects two lawmakers for the South Korean National Assembly. Gwangju Station is here.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Estadio Luis Alberto Salinas
The Estadio Luis Salinas Tanasio, (known as Estadio Juan Canuto Pettengill between 1972 and 2016), and officially Estadio ueno Luis Salinas Tanasio due to sponsorship by banking company Ueno, is a football stadium in Paraguay, located in the city of Itauguá, about 50 meters north of route PY02. It has a capacity of 10,000 seats.

It is the home venue of Primera División club 12 de Octubre FC.

12 de Octubre Football Club
12 de Octubre Football Club is a Paraguayan football club from the city of Itauguá that currently plays in the División Intermedia, the second division of Football in Paraguay. Founded in 1914, the club's home venue is Estadio Luis Alberto Salinas Tanasio.

The club is the only club outside the Asuncion Metropolitan Area to win a league title.
Civil Practice Law and Rules
The New York Civil Practice Law and Rules (CPLR) is chapter 8 of the Consolidated Laws of New York and governs legal procedure in the Unified Court System such as jurisdiction, venue, and pleadings, as well certain areas of substantive law such as the statute of limitations and joint and several liability.
The CPLR has approximately 700 individual sections and rules which are divided into 70 articles. A committee of the New York State Bar Association, the Committee on Civil Practice Law and Rules, monitors the law and periodically proposes amendments.

Substantive law
Substantive law is the set of laws that governs how members of a society are to behave. It is contrasted with procedural law, which is the set of procedures for making, administering, and enforcing substantive law. Substantive law defines rights and responsibilities in civil law, and crimes and punishments in criminal law, substantive equality or substantive due process. It may be codified in statutes or exist through precedent in common law. Substantive laws, which govern outcomes, are contrasted with procedural laws, which govern procedure.

Henry Sumner Maine said of early law, "So great is the ascendency of the Law of Actions in the infancy of Courts of Justice, that substantive law has at first the look of being gradually secreted in the interstices of procedure; and the early lawyer can only see the law through the envelope of its technical forms."
2017 Quito Challenger – Doubles
Marcelo Demoliner and João Souza were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela won the title after defeating Nicolás Jarry and Roberto Quiroz 4–6, 6–4, [10–7] in the final.

Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela
Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel ˈaŋxel ˈreʝes βaˈɾela]; born June 21, 1987) is a Mexican professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 49 achieved on 20 August 2018 and a career-high ATP singles ranking is No. 400 achieved on 17 June 2013. He has won two doubles ATP titles and has played multiple seasons of the Davis Cup, including on the 2011 Mexican Davis Cup squad.
Landsborough's Blazed Tree (Camp 67)
Landsborough's Blazed Tree (Camp 67) is a heritage-listed tree at Mitchell Highway, Charleville, Shire of Murweh, Queensland, Australia. It was marked by William Landsborough. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 June 2009.

City of Caloundra
The City of Caloundra was a local government area about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Brisbane in the Sunshine Coast region of South East Queensland, Australia. The shire covered an area of 1,093.1 square kilometres (422.0 sq mi); it existed as a local government entity from 1912 until 2008, when it amalgamated with councils further north to form the Sunshine Coast Region.

The City covered the urban localities of Caloundra and Kawana Waters and surrounding suburbs, the northern half of Bribie Island and the western hinterland towns of Landsborough, Maleny and Witta.
Madeira Brewery
The Madeira Brewery (Portuguese: Empresa de Cervejas da Madeira or E.C.M) is a brewery in Madeira. The main brand is Coral Lager. The company is the biggest producer and drink distributor in the Autonomous Region of Madeira. It produces alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Until 2007, ECM drinks had been awarded 117 Monde Selection awards. However, Monde Selection awards are non-competitive and only products that pay to enter are judged.

Lager
Lager is a style of beer brewed and conditioned at low temperature. Lagers can be pale, amber, or dark. Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer. The term "lager" comes from the German word for "storage", as the beer was stored before drinking, traditionally in the same cool caves in which it was fermented.

As well as maturation in cold storage, most lagers are distinguished by the use of Saccharomyces pastorianus, a "bottom-fermenting" yeast that ferments at relatively cold temperatures.
Old River Bridge
The Old River Bridge is a historic bridge spanning the Saline River near Benton in Saline County, Arkansas. Now closed to traffic, it formerly carried River Street in Benton across the river south of the city. It is a two-span through truss bridge, mounted on cylindrical concrete columns. It was built in 1889 along the route of the historic military road through the area, and is one of the state's oldest surviving bridges. It was taken out of service in 1974.

As of April 2020 the bridge has been taken down and will be rebuilt as part of the project to put a multi-use trail from Little Rock to Hot Springs on the path of the old Southwest Trail.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Saline County, Arkansas
Saline County (/səˈliːn/ sə-LEEN) is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 123,416.  Its county seat and largest city is Benton. Saline County was formed on November 2, 1835, and named for the salt water (brine) springs in the area, despite a differing pronunciation from saline. Until November 2014, it was an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

Saline County is included in the Central Arkansas region.
San Diego Surf (film)
San Diego Surf is a 1968 feature film directed by Andy Warhol. The film stars Viva, Taylor Mead, Joe Dallesandro, Ingrid Superstar, Tom Hompertz, Eric Emerson, Nawana Davis, Michael Boosin, and Louis Waldon.

Warhol was shot by Valerie Solanas and critically injured shortly after filming was complete, and subsequently the film was shelved. In 1995, Warhol's assistant on the film, Paul Morrissey, was commissioned to finish editing the film.

Taylor Mead
Taylor Mead (December 31, 1924 – May 8, 2013) was an American writer, actor and performer. Mead appeared in several of Andy Warhol's underground films filmed at Warhol's Factory, including Tarzan and Jane Regained... Sort of (1963) and Taylor Mead's Ass (1964).
Peyton Royce
Cassandra Arneill (née MacIntosh; born 10 November 1992), known by her ring name Cassie Lee, is an Australian professional wrestler. She is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where she is a member of The IInspiration alongside Jessie McKay. She is best known for her tenure with WWE from 2015 to 2021, where she performed under the name Peyton Royce.

In February 2009, Arneill made her professional wrestling debut at Pro Wrestling Women's Alliance (PWWA) as KC Cassidy, and competed on the independent circuit with multiple promotions for several years, becoming a one-time PWA Women's Champion, and winning the Vera and Jenny Memorial Cup in support of breast cancer. Arneill signed a contract with WWE in 2015, and was assigned to WWE's developmental brand NXT in Orlando, Florida.

NXT Year-End Award
The NXT Year-End Awards is a concept used by WWE, where awards, similar to the Academy, Grammy and WWE's own Slammy Awards, are given to professional wrestlers who have competed in NXT in the previous year. There have been five editions of the concept. Fans cast votes online, via Twitter or WWE's website, to decide the winners. Recipients of the award are given a golden ring bell with a hammer.

Starting with the 2019 edition, the NXT Year-End Awards also recognize wrestlers from the NXT UK brand.
St Barbara's Church, Earlsdon
St Barbara's Church is in Earlsdon, a suburb of Coventry, West Midlands, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Coventry, South, the archdeaconry of Coventry, and the diocese of Coventry. The church was built in 1930–31 to replace a smaller church nearby. It was designed by Henry Paley of the Lancaster architects Austin and Paley, with a local man, Herbert Jackson, acting as clerk of works and consulting architect.

The foundation stone was laid on 28 September 1930 by Sir Alfred Herbert, a local industrialist, and the church was consecrated on 26 September 1931. Due to a lack of finance, the church was never completed, the missing parts being the western 2½ bays, two porches, a baptistry and a bell turret.  The total cost of the church was £17,644 (equivalent to £1,510,000 in 2023), of which £975 was donated by Sir Alfred to build the Lady Chapel as a memorial to his late second wife Florence (m. 1913, d. 1930), widow of Lieutenant-Colonel H. E. E. Lucas.

Turret (architecture)
In architecture, a turret is a small circular tower, usually notably smaller than the main structure, that projects outwards from a wall or corner of that structure. Turret also refers to the small towers built atop larger tower structures.