hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Word for Snow
The Word for Snow is a one-act play by Don DeLillo. Inspired by global climate change, the play concerns a pilgrim who seeks out a professor who has fallen silent.

The play was commissioned by the Chicago Humanities Festival and premiered on October 27, 2007, in a production by the Steppenwolf Theatre Company. Subsequent to a West End production in 2012, Manhattan's Karma book store published the manuscript in 2014.

Chicago Humanities Festival
The Chicago Humanities Festival is a non-profit organization which hosts an annual series of lectures, concerts, and films in Chicago, Illinois, United States. There are two seasons each year, including a spring festival from April through May, and a longer fall festival from September through November. The festival was started in 1989 by the Illinois Humanities Council and became an independent organization in 1997. Each year of programming is connected to a broader theme and covers a wide variety of topics in the arts, politics and society, and science and technology.
Naarda ivelona
Naarda ivelona is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae from Madagascar. It was described by Pierre Viette in 1965.

Its holotype had been collected in the Ivelona valley and is preserved at the MNHN.

National Museum of Natural History, France
In France, the National Museum of Natural History (French: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [myzeɔm nɑsjɔnal distwaʁ natyʁɛl]; MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a grand établissement of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries,  is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.

Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers. It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).
2025 Brest Challenger – Doubles
Nicolás Barrientos and Skander Mansouri were the defending champions but only Barrientos chose to defend his title, partnering Matěj Vocel. They lost in the semifinals to Sander Gillé and Sem Verbeek.

Gillé and Verbeek won the title after defeating Théo Arribagé and Albano Olivetti 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Skander Mansouri
Skander Mansouri (born 23 July 1995) is a Tunisian professional tennis player.
He has a career-high ranking by the ATP in doubles of world No. 54, achieved on 6 January 2025, and in singles of No. 238, achieved on 12 December 2022.

At the 2019 African Games, he won the gold medal at the men's doubles event with countryman Aziz Dougaz.

Mansouri represents Tunisia in the Davis Cup where he has a win/loss record of 10–2.
Love, Spells and All That
Love, Spells and All That (Turkish: Aşk, Büyü vs.) is a Turkish drama film, written and directed by Ümit Ünal and released in 2019. The film stars Selen Uçer as Reyhan and Ece Dizdar as Eren, two women in a small Turkish town who had a love affair as teenagers but were separated when Eren went away to university in Paris; now, 20 years later, Eren returns wanting to rekindle their relationship, but Reyhan is uncertain even though she had once cast a love spell to make Eren love her forever.

The film's cast also includes Ayşenil Şamlıoğlu, Uygar Özçelik, Emrah Kolukisa, Damla Ersan, Tonguç Rador, Murat Toprak, Sirzat Bilallar, Melisa Demir, Gizem Katmer, Rohat Culum, Ramazan Alkan, Serhat Gonen, Eyüp Kelen, Onur Alkan, Alaattin Ekin, Muharrem Dursun, Kasim Arli, Yilmaz Arli, Melik Alkan, Kerim Ünal, Ilhan Alkan and Görkem Mertsöz.

The film premiered at the Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival in 2019. It was picked up for international distribution by TLA Releasing in 2021.

TLA Releasing
TLA Releasing is a US film distribution and production company owned by TLA Entertainment Group. In March 2011, a new LLC was formed for the operation. Its primary output is LGBT-related films from all over the world under the "TLA Releasing" label, as well as horror films under the label "Danger After Dark". Since 2000, they have released over 200 films on DVD and various VOD platforms.
Bolina, Punjab
Bolina is a census town in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Jalandhar, 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Phagwara, 37 kilometres (23 mi) from district headquarter Hoshiarpur and 150 kilometres (93 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
HNoMS Tyr
Three ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy have borne the name HNoMS Tyr, after the Old Norse god of single combat, victory and heroic glory Týr:

HNoMS Tyr (1887) was a Gor-class Rendel gunboat. She was launched in 1887, captured by the Germans in 1940, returned to Norway in 1945 and sold into civilian service shortly thereafter.

HNoMS Tyr (N47) was the ex-American Auk-class minesweeper USS Sustain (AM-119). She was launched on 23 June 1942, and transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 1 October 1959.

HNoMS Tyr (N50) was a mine control vessel used for underwater search and recovery by the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1995 to 2014.

HNoMS Tyr (1887)
HNoMS Tyr was a Gor-class Rendel gunboat built for the Royal Norwegian Navy at Karljohansverns Verft Naval Yard in Horten. She was laid down in 1884 and launched in 1887 with build number 67. Tyr was one of a class of two gunboats - the other ship in her class being HNoMS Gor. Gor and Tyr can be seen as improved Vale-class gunboats, of 290 tons instead of the 250 tons standard for that class.

Captured during the German invasion of Norway, she was pressed into service in an attempt to mine Sognefjord. After attacks by Norwegian aircraft and ships she took no further part in the conflict. After the war she was returned briefly to the Royal Norwegian Navy then entered civilian service in a number of roles over the years.
Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
The Captaincy General of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Capitanía General de Puerto Rico) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire, created in 1582 to provide better military management of the main island of Puerto Rico, previously under the rule of a governor of Puerto Rico, jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo, and authority of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Its creation was part of the, ultimately futile, Habsburg attempt in the late 16th century to prevent incursion into the Caribbean by competing European world powers. The institution lasted until 1898 in Puerto Rico, when an autonomous provincial government, headed by a governor-general and an insular parliament, was instituted months before Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the United States in 1898 following defeat in the Spanish–American War.

Arecibo, Puerto Rico
Arecibo (/ˌærəˈsiːboʊ/; Spanish pronunciation: [aɾeˈsiβo]) is a city and municipality on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, located north of Utuado and Ciales; east of Hatillo; and west of Barceloneta and Florida. It is about 50 miles (80 km) west of San Juan, the capital city. Arecibo is the largest municipality in Puerto Rico by area, and it is the core city of the Arecibo Metropolitan Statistical Area and part of the greater San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area. It is spread over 18 barrios and Arecibo Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). Its population in 2020 was 87,754.

The Arecibo Observatory, which housed the Arecibo Telescope, the world's largest radio telescope until July 2016, is located in the municipality. The Arecibo telescope collapsed on December 1, 2020. Arecibo is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arecibo.
Sieve analysis
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, and chemical engineering to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction of the whole mass.

The size distribution is often of critical importance to the way the material performs in use. A sieve analysis can be performed on any type of non-organic or organic granular materials including sand, crushed rock, clay, granite, feldspar, coal, soil, a wide range of manufactured powder, grain and seeds, down to a minimum size depending on the exact method. Being such a simple technique of particle sizing, it is probably the most common.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
Emperor bird-of-paradise
The emperor bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea guilielmi), also known as emperor of Germany's bird-of-paradise, is a species of bird-of-paradise.

The emperor bird-of-paradise is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It is distributed in hill forests of the Huon Peninsula. The diet consists mainly of fruits, figs and arthropods.

The name commemorates the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, Wilhelm II of Germany. In January 1888, the emperor bird-of-paradise was the last bird-of-paradise discovered by Carl Hunstein, who also found the blue bird-of-paradise on his journeys. These two species, along with the red bird-of-paradise, are the only Paradisaea that perform inverted display.

Due to ongoing habitat loss, limited range and overhunting in some areas, the emperor bird-of-paradise is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
Adducted thumb syndrome
Adducted thumb syndrome recessive form is a rare disease affecting multiple systems causing malformations of the palate, thumbs, and upper limbs. The name Christian syndrome derives from Joe. C. Christian, the first person to describe the condition. Inheritance is believed to be autosomal recessive, caused by mutation in the CHST14 (carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14) gene.

Thumb
The thumb is the first digit of the hand, next to the index finger. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare hallux for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical.
Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide
The Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide (CPG) is a center affiliated with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. It was started in 2013 and grew out of the work of the Committee on Conscience. Their consultants include Jay Ulfelder, former director of the Political Instability Task Force.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
I Can Sing a Rainbow
"I Can Sing a Rainbow", also known simply as ''Rainbow Song'', "Sing a Rainbow", or ''I Can See a Rainbow'' is an English-language popular nursery rhyme and a children's song of American origin. The song was written by Arthur Hamilton. It was featured in the 1955 film Pete Kelly's Blues, where it was sung by Peggy Lee.

Nursery rhyme
A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and other European countries, but usage of the term dates only from the late 18th/early 19th century. The term Mother Goose rhymes is interchangeable with nursery rhymes.

From the mid-16th century nursery rhymes began to be recorded in English plays, and most popular rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first English collections, Tommy Thumb's Song Book and a sequel, Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, were published by Mary Cooper in 1744. Publisher John Newbery's stepson, Thomas Carnan, was the first to use the term Mother Goose for nursery rhymes when he published a compilation of English rhymes, Mother Goose's Melody, or Sonnets for the Cradle (London, 1780).
Franklin Smoke
Franklin Smoke (24 August 1860 – 27 February 1937) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in South Dumfries Township, Canada West and became a barrister.

Smoke attended public and secondary schools at Paris, Ontario then proceeded to studies at Osgoode Hall Law School. In 1908, he was appointed King's Counsel.

In the 1919 Ontario election, Smoke was an unsuccessful candidate for provincial office. His campaign for federal office in the 1925 general election was successful, winning a Parliament seat at Brant riding. He was re-elected in 1926 and 1930 then defeated by George Wood of the Liberal party in the 1935 election.

1919 Ontario general election
The 1919 Ontario general election, held on October 20, 1919, elected 111 Members of the 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). The United Farmers of Ontario captured the most seats but won only a minority of the legislature. They joined with 11 Labour MPPs and three others to form a coalition government, ending the 14-year rule of Ontario's Conservatives. This is one of the few examples of coalition government in Canadian history.

Premier William Howard Hearst had aimed to win a fifth consecutive term for the Conservatives, but instead the party became the first in Ontario history to fall from first to third place. As newspaperman John Willison later remarked, "There could not have been a worse time for a general election."
Dixons Kings Academy
Dixons Kings Academy is a mixed free school for pupils aged 11 to 16 located in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The school opened as the Kings Science Academy in September 2011 and was one of the first free schools to open in England. It cost £10,451,327 to build and, pays an annual rent of £296,000

The school was founded by Sajid Hussain Raza, the school's first principal, who was convicted of fraud in August 2016

The school "comes closest to David Cameron's vision of what a free school should be." The school leases the land from Alan Lewis, vice-chairman of the Conservative Party. It is on a 20 year lease.

Free school (England)
A free school in England is a type of academy established since 2010 under the Cameron–Clegg government's free school policy initiative. From May 2015, usage of the term was formally extended to include new academies set up via a local authority competition. Like other academies, free schools are non-profit-making, state-funded schools which are free to attend but which are mostly independent of the local authority.
2018 European Pairs Speedway Championship
The 2018 European Pairs Speedway Championship was the 15th edition of the European Pairs Speedway Championship. The final was held at the Brovst Speedway Center in Brovst, Denmark on 1 September.

The title was won by Poland for the seventh time.

Brovst
Brovst is a town in North Jutland, Denmark. It is located in Jammerbugt Municipality, 16 km east of Fjerritslev, 14 km southwest of Aabybro and 2 km east and northeast of the villages of Ny Skovsgård and Skovsgård.

Until 1 January 2007 Brovst was the seat of the former Brovst Municipality.
Paladin Sparrow
The Paladin Sparrow is an American powered parachute that was designed and produced by Paladin Industries of Pennsauken, New Jersey.

The company's website was removed in 2012, the company seems to have gone out of business, although production of the Sparrow had ended prior to the company ceasing business.<

Hirth F-33
The Hirth F-33 is a single cylinder, two stroke, carburetted aircraft engine designed for use on ultralight aircraft, including powered paragliders and ultralight trikes. The engine is noted for its extremely light base weight of 35 lb (16 kg). It is manufactured by Hirth of Germany.
Akheem Gauntlett
Akheem Gauntlett (born 26 August 1990) is a Jamaican sprinter. He competed in the 4 × 400 meters relay event at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, winning a silver medal.

Running for the Arkansas Razorbacks track and field team, Gauntlett won the 2012 and 2013 4 × 400 meter relay at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships.

Arkansas Razorbacks
The Arkansas Razorbacks, also known as the Hogs, are the intercollegiate athletics teams representing the University of Arkansas, located in Fayetteville. The University of Arkansas student body voted to change the name of the school mascot (originally the Cardinals) in 1910 to the Arkansas Razorbacks after a hard-fought battle against LSU in which they were said to play like a "wild band of Razorback hogs" by former coach Hugo Bezdek. The Arkansas Razorbacks are the only major sports team in the U.S. with a porcine nickname, though the Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas play in Division II.

The University of Arkansas currently fields 19 total varsity teams (eight men's and 11 women's) in 13 sports, and competes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision in football) level as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Tao Okamoto
Tao Okamoto (岡本 多緒, Okamoto Tao; born May 22, 1985), also known professionally by the mononym Tao, is a Japanese actress and model, who is considered one of the biggest models from Japan alongside Ai Tominaga and Hiroko Matsumoto. In 2009, she was one of the faces of Ralph Lauren.

She made her film debut as the female lead Mariko Yashida in the 2013 film The Wolverine; and played Mercy Graves in the 2016 film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. She has had recurring roles in the television series Hannibal, The Man in the High Castle, and Westworld.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
1919 New Year Honours (DCM)
The 1919 New Year Honours were appointments by lord George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in The London Gazette and The Times in January 1919.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
The World Inside Out
The World Inside Out (Ukrainian: Світ навиворіт, romanized: Svit navyvorit;  Russian: Мир наизнанку, romanized: Mir naiznanku) is a Ukrainian travel television show that launched in 2010. It is hosted by Dmytro Komarov and shows locations from around the world, mainly the ones that are less visited by tourists.

PLUSPLUS
PLUSPLUS (Ukrainian: ПЛЮСПЛЮС) is a Ukrainian free-to-air television channel, part of the 1+1 Media. According to the group, PLUSPLUS is a family channel oriented towards shared viewing by parents and children, when the whole family gathers in front of TV.
Caudicicola
Caudicicola is a fungal genus in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by mycologists Heikki Kotiranta, Matti Kulju and Otto Miettinen in 2017 to contain the single crust fungus Caudicicola gracilis. This species is found in Finland, where it grows on the underside of stumps and roots of Norway spruce and Scots pine. The fruit body is fragile and whitish to pale yellow, measuring up to 2.5 mm thick. Its hyphal system is monomitic.

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris, the Scots pine (UK), Scotch pine (US), Baltic pine, or European red pine is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae that is native to Eurasia. It can readily be identified by its combination of fairly short, blue-green leaves and orange-red bark.
Ranjan Ghosh (academic)
Ranjan Ghosh is an Indian academic and thinker who teaches at the Department of English, University of North Bengal, India. His wide-ranging scholarly work spans across the fields of comparative literature, comparative philosophy, philosophy of education, environmental humanities, critical and cultural theory, and Intellectual history. He has been an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow.

University of Toronto Quarterly
The University of Toronto Quarterly, also abbreviated as UTQ, is an interdisciplinary academic journal of the humanities published by the University of Toronto Press. It was established in 1931 under the editorship of the philosopher George Sidney Brett. The current editor-in-chief is Colin Hill. The journal accepts submissions in either English or French. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Academic Search, the Arts and Humanities Citation Index, CrossRef, Current Contents, EBSCO databases, MLA International Bibliography, Project MUSE, Scopus, and Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.