hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madelung synthesis
In organic chemistry, Madelung synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces (substituted or unsubstituted) indoles by the intramolecular cyclization of N-phenylamides using strong base at high temperature. The Madelung synthesis was reported in 1912 by Walter Madelung, when he observed that 2-phenylindole was synthesized using N-benzoyl-o-toluidine and two equivalents of sodium ethoxide in a heated, airless reaction. Common reaction conditions include use of sodium or potassium alkoxide as base in hexane or tetrahydrofuran solvents, at temperatures ranging between 200–400 °C. A hydrolysis step is also required in the synthesis. The Madelung synthesis is important because it is one of few known reactions that produce indoles from a base-catalyzed thermal cyclization of N-acyl-o-toluidines.

Elimination reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction.  The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, but rather to the kinetics of the reaction: E2 is bimolecular (second-order) while E1 is unimolecular (first-order). In cases where the molecule is able to stabilize an anion but possesses a poor leaving group, a third type of reaction, E1CB,  exists.  Finally, the pyrolysis of xanthate and acetate esters proceed through an "internal" elimination mechanism, the Ei mechanism.
Matt Busch
Matthew Stuart Busch (born September 22, 1972) is an American artist, illustrator, and filmmaker, mostly known for his work with the Star Wars media franchise. He has also illustrated projects for entertainment properties such as Stranger Things, Indiana Jones, and Lord of the Rings, as well as music acts such as Foo Fighters, Mötley Crüe, and Ozzy Osbourne. In more recent years, he has become a media arts professor and independent filmmaker, known for the ambitious Aladdin 3477 movie trilogy.

Film Threat
Film Threat is an American online film review publication, and earlier, a national magazine that focused primarily on independent film, although it also reviewed videos and DVDs of mainstream films, as well as Hollywood movies in theaters. It first appeared as a photocopied zine in 1985, created by Wayne State University students Chris Gore and André Seewood. In 1997, Film Threat was converted to a solely online resource.

The current incarnation of Film Threat accepts money from filmmakers who are looking for a way to promote their films. Since 2011, those seeking a review from the site can pay between $50 and $400 for varying levels of service, ranging from a "guaranteed review within 7–10 days" to a package that includes a guarantee of "100K minimum impressions".
Llandudno International Golf Trophy
The Llandudno International Golf Trophy was a professional team match play golf tournament that was played at the Maesdu Golf Club from 28 to 30 September 1938. The tournament was contested between England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. It was intended to be the first of a series of matches but the Second World War interrupted these plans and the contests were not restarted after the war. England won the tournament by winning all their three matches against the other teams.

The Maesdu Golf Club joined with the local Llandudno council to stage the tournament with the idea of promoting tourism in the area.

A Triangular Professional Tournament with a similar format but involving only Scotland, Ireland and Wales had been contested at Cawder Golf Club near Glasgow from 21 to 23 October 1937. This was won by Scotland with Wales second and Ireland third.

The concept of a professional home nations contest was tried again in 1967 with the R.T.V. International Trophy.

Match play
Match play is a scoring system for golf in which a player, or team, earns a point for each hole in which they have bested their opponents; as opposed to stroke play, in which the total number of strokes is counted over one or more rounds of 18 holes. In match play the winner is the player, or team, with the most points at the end of play.

Although most professional tournaments are played using the stroke play scoring system, there are, or have been, some exceptions, for example the now defunct WGC Match Play and the Volvo World Match Play Championship, and most team events, for example the Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup, all of which are in match play format.
Saint-Christophe-d'Allier
Saint-Christophe-d'Allier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ kʁistɔf dalje], literally Saint-Christophe of Allier; Auvergnat: Sant Cristòu d'Alèir) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.

Haute-Loire
Haute-Loire (French pronunciation: [ot lwaʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Naut Léger or Naut Leir; English: Upper Loire) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. Named after the Loire River, it is surrounded by the departments of Loire, Ardèche, Lozère, Cantal and Puy-de-Dôme. In 2019, it had a population of 227,570; its inhabitants are called Altiligériens in French (English : Altiligerians).

The department, which has its prefecture in Le Puy-en-Velay, covers the upper reaches of the Loire and consists of the Loire Valley and the surrounding mountains in the Massif Central. It is one of the original 83 departments of France created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Parts of the department are included in the Livradois-Forez Regional Natural Park.
Katzenjammer Kabarett
Katzenjammer Kabarett is a French four-piece dark cabaret band from Paris, France. Aesthetically inspired by German Weimar-era cabarets and burlesque shows, the band's name is of German origin and literally translates to "cat's wail cabaret"; Katzenjammer also generally means "discordant sound" and is used as a synonym for a hangover. The band's other stylistic influences include Dadaism, Futurism, Symbolism and Postmodernism.

Dada
Dada (/ˈdɑːdɑː/) or Dadaism was an international art movement that developed in the context of the Great War and Futurism first established in Zürich, Switzerland, and later quickly spread to Berlin, Paris, New York City and a variety of artistic centers in Europe and Asia. The Dada movement's principles were first collected in Hugo Ball's Dada Manifesto in 1916. Ball is seen as the founder of the Dada movement. Other key figures in the movement included Emmy Hennings, Jean Arp, Johannes Baader, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, George Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, John Heartfield, Hannah Höch, Richard Huelsenbeck, Francis Picabia, Man Ray, Hans Richter, Kurt Schwitters, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Tristan Tzara, and Beatrice Wood, among others. The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including Surrealism, nouveau réalisme, pop art, and Fluxus.
French Flemish
French Flemish (Fransch vlaemsch, Standard Dutch: Frans-Vlaams, French: flamand français) is a West Flemish dialect spoken in the north of contemporary France.

Place names indicate that Flemish was spoken as early as the 8th century in the region of Flanders that was ceded to France at the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees. This area became known as French Flanders. Its dialect subgroup, called French Flemish, meanwhile, became a minority dialect that survives mainly in Dunkirk (Duinkerke in Dutch, Duunkerke in West Flemish, "dune church"), Bourbourg (Broekburg in Dutch), Calais (Kales), Saint-Omer (Sint-Omaars), with its Flemish ethnic enclave of Haut-Pont (Haute-Ponte), and Bailleul (Belle).

French Flemish has about 20,000 daily users, and twice that number of occasional speakers. The dialect's status appears to be moribund, but there has been an active movement to retain French Flemish in the region.

Treaty of the Pyrenees
The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed on 7 November 1659 and ended the Franco-Spanish War that had begun in 1635.

Negotiations were conducted and the treaty was signed on Pheasant Island, situated in the middle of the Bidasoa River on the border between the two countries, which has remained a French-Spanish condominium ever since. It was signed by Louis XIV of France and Philip IV of Spain, as well as their chief ministers, Cardinal Mazarin and Don Luis Méndez de Haro.
1979 World Allround Speed Skating Championships for women
The 40th edition of the World Allround Speed Skating Championships 1979 took place on 3 and 4 February at De Uithof ice rink in The Hague, The Netherlands:

Title holder was Tatyana Averina from the Soviet Union.

Tatyana Averina
Tatyana Borisovna Averina (Russian: Татья́на Бори́совна Аве́рина; 25 June 1950 – 22 August 2001) was a Soviet Russian speed skater. After getting married, her name also appeared as Tatyana Barabash (Russian: Татьяна Барабаш).
Arasay Thondike
Arasay María Thondike Santovenia (also spelled Thondique or Tondike; born 28 May 1986 in Sagua La Grande, Villa Clara) is a female hammer thrower from Cuba. She set a personal best throw of 71.14 metres in June 2007 in Warsaw. This personal best stood for two years until she significantly improved upon it with a throw of 71.72 m at the Barrientos Memorial in Cuba.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Placynthiella
Placynthiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trapeliaceae. The genus has a complex naming history involving multiple independent descriptions by different scientists between 1909 and 1939, with the current accepted name dating to the earliest valid publication by Alexander Elenkin. These lichens form thin, dark green-brown crusts that blend closely with their growing surfaces, making them challenging to spot in the field on acidic soils, decaying wood, and bark. The genus is distinguished from similar lichen groups by its distinctive brown, brick-like fruiting body margins and branched internal structures that end in dark, swollen tips.

Paraphyses
Paraphyses are erect sterile filament-like support structures occurring among the reproductive apparatuses of fungi, ferns, bryophytes and some thallophytes.  The singular form of the word is paraphysis.

In certain fungi, they are part of the fertile spore-bearing layer. More specifically, paraphyses are sterile filamentous hyphal end cells composing part of the hymenium of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota interspersed among either the asci or basidia respectively, and not sufficiently differentiated to be called cystidia, which are specialized, swollen, often protruding cells.  The tips of paraphyses may contain the pigments which colour the hymenium.

In ferns and mosses, they are filament-like structures that are found on sporangia. They are found between clusters of archegonia and antheridia.
BioTechniques
BioTechniques: the International Journal of Life Science Methods is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by Future Science Group. It covers laboratory methods and techniques that are of broad interest to professional life scientists, as well as scientists from other disciplines (e.g. physics, chemistry, engineering, computer sciences) interested in life science applications of their technologies. The journal was established in 1983 by Eaton Associates, which was acquired in 2001 by Informa. The journal was then acquired by Future Science Group in 2018. It is distributed in both print and online form.

The journal is supported by print and website advertising, and as of January 2019, began charging article processing fees to become a gold open access journal.

Article processing charge
An article processing charge (APC), also known as a publication fee, is a fee which is sometimes charged to authors. Most commonly, it is involved in making an academic work available as open access (OA), in either a full OA journal or in a hybrid journal. This fee may be paid by the author, the author's institution, or their research funder. 
Sometimes, publication fees are also involved in traditional journals or for paywalled content.
Some publishers waive the fee in cases of hardship or geographic location, but this is not a widespread practice. An article processing charge does not guarantee that the author retains copyright to the work, or that it will be made available under a Creative Commons license.
Harish Hande
Harish Hande (born Handerto Harish Hande) is an Indian social entrepreneur, who co-founded SELCO India in 1995.

He was awarded with the Ramon Magsaysay Award for 2011  for "his pragmatic efforts to put solar power technology in the hands of the poor, through his social enterprise SELCO India".

Hande
Hande (from Persian خنده, meaning laugh, or laughter) is a common feminine Turkish given name.

Notable people with the name include:

Hande Ataizi (born 1973), Turkish actress

Hande Baladin (born 1997), Turkish volleyball player

Hande Özsan Bozatlı (born 1960), dermatologist and former President of the Assembly of European Regions

Hande Dalkılıç (born 1974), Turkish concert pianist

Hande Doğandemir (born 1985), Turkish actress

Hande Erçel (born 1993), Turkish actress

Hande Kodja (born 1984), Belgian actress

Hande Özyürek (born 1976), Turkish violinist

Hande Soral (born 1987), Turkish actress

Hande Subaşı (born 1984), Turkish actress and beauty pageant titleholder

Hande Yener (born 1973), Turkish pop singer
Battle of Jaffa
The Battle of Jaffa can refer to:

The Taking of Joppa (1456 BC)

Battle of Jaffa (1102)

Battle of Jaffa (1192)

Battle of Jaffa (1197)

Siege of Jaffa (1798)

Battle of Jaffa (1917)

Operation Hametz

The Taking of Joppa
"The Taking of Joppa" is an ancient Egyptian tale describing the conquest of the Canaanite town of Yapu (Joppa) by Thutmose III's general Djehuty. The extant copy of the text is on the verso of Papyrus Harris 500.

This tale is traditionally regarded as a purely literary account of the conquest set in the wake of Thutmose III's campaigning in Syria. There was, however, a troop commander named Djehuty who served under Thutmose III.
Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes
Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that in humans is encoded by the YES1 gene.

This gene is the cellular homolog of the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene. The encoded protein has tyrosine kinase activity and belongs to the src family. This gene lies in close proximity to thymidylate synthase gene on chromosome 18, and a corresponding pseudogene has been found on chromosome 22.

Thymidylate synthase
Thymidylate synthase (TS) (EC 2.1.1.45) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).  Thymidine is one of the nucleotides in DNA. With inhibition of TS, an imbalance of deoxynucleotides and increased levels of dUMP arise. Both cause DNA damage.
Empowering Spirits Foundation
The Empowering Spirits Foundation (ESF), Inc. is an American non-profit, non-partisan LGBT rights organization based in San Diego, California, United States.

The Foundation is based in San Diego with chapters in other U.S. states. ESF members engage in service-oriented activities in communities typically opposed to LGBT rights.

ESF programs include neighborhood revitalization, housing builds, canned food drives, and environmental cleanup, causes which allow for both sides to work together in what ESF calls a "positive environment". The programs take place in under-served areas or those conservative in nature, as these are the people ESF is attempting to influence.

Additionally, ESF is active in U.S. politics.

Drive (charity)
In charitable organizations, a drive is a collection of items for people who need them, such as clothing, used items, books, canned food, cars, etc. Some drives ask that people go through their inventory, bag the items up, and put them in a giveaway bin, or charitable organizations such as Big Brothers Big Sisters, The Salvation Army come to the house and pick them up. They then put the items in their thrift stores or, if they don't have any, sell them to thrift stores to raise money for their organization.
Zóbel de Ayala family
The Zóbel de Ayala family is a prominent Filipino family of Spanish and German descent who were the founders of Ayala y Compañía (now Ayala Corporation) and patrons of the Premio Zóbel literary awards. The clan is directly descended from Jácobo Zangroniz Zóbel (1842–1896) and Trinidad Roxas de Ayala (1856–1918).  Ayala y Compañía (established in 1876) traces its origins to Casa Róxas, a business partnership established in 1834 between Domingo Ureta Roxas (1792–1843) and Antonio de Ayala (1803–1876).

Premio Zobel
The Premio Zóbel is a Philippine literary award conferred on Filipino writers in the Spanish language. It was established to revivify the Spanish language and to promote the best writing created by Filipino authors in the language. Founded in 1920, it is the only literary prize in Asia that promotes Spanish-language literature, and is also the oldest literary award in the country.
Minnesota College Athletic Conference
The Minnesota College Athletic Conference (MCAC), formerly the Minnesota Community College Conference (MCCC), is a junior college collegiate athletic conference in the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). The 24 member institutions are located in the Midwest, including Minnesota, North Dakota and Wisconsin and they currently compete at the NJCAA Division III level in most sports. The MCAC was established in the fall of 1967.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
Narycia
Narycia is a small genus of the bagworm moth family, Psychidae. Therein, it belongs to the tribe Naryciini, here place in the somewhat disputed subfamily Naryciinae which is sometimes included in the Taleporiinae. Some authors include Diplodoma in Narycia as a junior synonym, but this is not widely accepted.

As indicated by its name, it is the type genus of the Naryciini (and of the Naryciinae if these are valid). The name "Narycia" was initially proposed in 1833 by J.F. Stephens, for a moth he called "N. elegans". But he did not validly describe it at that time, and hence it was not a proper scientific name but a nomen nudum. Stephens corrected his mistake in 1836, redescribing the species and making it the valid type of the new genus.

Species of Narycia include:

Narycia astrella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)

Narycia duplicella (Goeze, 1783) (= N. elegans, N. monilifera)

Narycia infernalis Herrmann, 1986

Narycia marmarurga (Meyrick, 1907)

Narycia platyzona (Meyrick, 1905)

Nomen nudum
In taxonomy, a nomen nudum ('naked name'; plural nomina nuda) is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate description. This makes it a "bare" or "naked" name, which cannot be accepted as it stands. A largely equivalent but much less frequently used term is nomen tantum ("name only"). Sometimes, "nomina nuda" is erroneously considered a synonym for the term "unavailable names". However, not all unavailable names are nomina nuda which applies to published names, i.e. any published name that does not fulfill the requirements of Article 12 (if published before 1931) or Article 13 (if published after 1930). Similarly, a species might be published with a partial or incomplete description that is not enough to follow the rules of publication. This will be described as nomen subnudum (abbreviated nom. subnud.) or occasionally as seminudum.
Little Pine Lagoon, Tasmania
Little Pine Lagoon is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Central Highlands in the Central LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 101 kilometres (63 mi) north of the town of Hamilton. The 2016 census recorded a population of nil for the state suburb of Little Pine Lagoon.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Mayu Gamō
Mayu Gamō (蒲生 麻由, Gamō Mayu, born March 16, 1982) is a Japanese actress born in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. She has starred in many films, most notably in Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger as Succubus Hells/ Human Fatale Camille. She reprised her role in Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger vs. Abaranger for a brief appearance. She also starred in Kamen Rider Hibiki as Kasumi Tachibana. Gamō is an active amateur marathon competitor and triathlete, having competed both in the Tokyo Marathon and in Hawaii, Paris, and Australia. She completed the 2011 Lavaman Triathlon in Anaehoomalu Bay, Hawaii.

Waikoloa Beach
Waikoloa Beach is an area located on the South Kohala coast on the island of Hawaii and is located in the census-designated place of Puako. It can be confused for Waikoloa Village, a CDP in the same "ahupuaʻa" and is also known as "Waikoloa".

The area is home to many notable cultural and geologic features of the ancient Hawaiian culture including aquaculture fishponds, anchialine ponds and petroglyphs.
KGEZ
KGEZ (600 AM) is an American broadcast radio station licensed to Kalispell, Montana and serving the Flathead region of western Montana.  KGEZ is owned and operated by John Hendricks, President and GM of Flathead Valley Wireless Association, LLC.  The KGEZ frequency is 600 kHz, a regional broadcast frequency.

Full-service radio
Full-service radio is a type of radio format characterized by a mix of music programming and a large amount of locally-produced and hyperlocal programming, such as news and discussion focusing on local issues, news, sports coverage, interviews, call-in segments, and sometimes religious content. The aim of full service radio is to provide a one-stop shop for listening needs and serve a wider demographic. Music played may be a variety or catered to a certain demographic, usually by local DJs. Full service radio saw a decline after television became widespread in the 1950s.