hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stagger (aeronautics)
In aviation, stagger  is the relative horizontal fore-aft positioning of stacked wings in a biplane, triplane, or multiplane.

An aircraft is said to have positive stagger, or simply stagger, when the upper wing is positioned forward of the lower (bottom) wing, Examples include the de Havilland Tiger Moth or Stearman. Conversely, an aeroplane is said to have negative stagger in unusual cases where the upper wing is positioned behind the lower wing, as in the Sopwith Dolphin or Beech Model 17 Staggerwing. An aircraft with the wings positioned directly above each other is said to have unstaggered wings, as in the Sopwith Cuckoo or Vickers Vildebeest.

Vertical and horizontal
In astronomy, geography and related sciences and contexts, an orientation or plane passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point.

Conversely, a orientation, plane or surface is said to be horizontal (or leveled) if it is everywhere perpendicular to the vertical orientation.

More generally, something that is vertical can be drawn from "up" to "down" (or down to up), such as the y-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system.
The Ugly (2025 film)
The Ugly (Korean: 얼굴) is a 2025 South Korean mystery thriller film written and directed by Yeon Sang-ho. Based on director Yeon's 2018 graphic novel of the same name, the film stars Park Jeong-min in dual roles as Im Young-gyu, a blind yet extraordinarily skilled artisan, and his son, Im Dong-hwan, as he unearths long-buried truths surrounding the mysterious death of Dong-hwan’s mother—hidden for four decades. The cast also includes Kwon Hae-hyo, Shin Hyun-been, Im Seong-jae, and Han Ji-hyun.

The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2025. It was released in South Korea on September 11, 2025, by Plus M Entertainment.

Dual role
A dual role (also known as a double role) is an instance of one actor playing two roles in a single production. Dual roles (or a larger number of roles for an actor) may be deliberately written into a script, or may instead be a choice made during production, often due to a low budget. In film and television, dual roles are often used for comic effect, or to depict identical twins or other relatives. In a theatrical production where more than one actor plays multiple characters, it is sometimes referred to as an "Ironman" cast.
Johnston County, North Carolina
Johnston County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 215,999. Its county seat is Smithfield. Johnston County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.

Province of North Carolina
The Province of North Carolina, originally known as the Albemarle Settlements, was a proprietary colony and later royal colony of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776.(p. 80) It was one of the five Southern colonies and one of the thirteen American colonies. The monarch of Great Britain was represented by the Governor of North Carolina, until the colonies declared independence on July 4, 1776.
Steve Adubato Sr.
Stephen N. Adubato Sr. (December 24, 1932 – October 13, 2020) was an American teacher, union organizer, and Democratic Party politician from Newark, New Jersey. As a leader in the city's North Ward and the legislative representative of the New Jersey Federation of Teachers, Adubato was a powerful éminence grise and power broker in local, county, and state politics, mentoring numerous Democratic Party figures but never holding an elected public office himself. His brother Michael and son Steve Jr. represented Newark and its suburbs in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1974 to 1992 and 1984 to 1986, respectively.

Historian Terry Golway has referred to Adubato as "the legendary boss of Newark’s North Ward."

Political boss
A party boss is a person who controls a faction or local branch of a political party. They do not necessarily hold public office themselves; most historical bosses did not, at least during the times of their greatest influence. Numerous officeholders in that unit are subordinate to the single boss in party affairs. Bosses may base their power on the support of numerous voters, usually organized voting blocs, and manage a coalition of these blocs and various other stakeholders. When the party wins, they typically control appointments in their unit, and have a voice at the higher levels.

Reformers typically allege that political bosses are corrupt. This corruption is usually tied to patronage: the exchange of jobs, lucrative contracts and other political favors for votes, campaign contributions and sometimes outright bribes.
Isaiah 27
Isaiah 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 24-27 of Isaiah constitute one continuous poetical prophecy, sometimes called the "Isaiah Apocalypse".

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
Primula halleri
Primula halleri, the long-flowered primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, native to the Alps, Carpathians, and some of the mountain ranges of the Balkan Peninsula. A perennial, it is found at elevations of 1,500 to 2,700 m (4,900 to 8,900 ft). Its main pollinator is the hummingbird hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum.

Primulaceae
The Primulaceae (/ˌprɪmjəˈleɪʃi.iː/ PRIM-yə-LAY-shee-ee), commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though some species, such as scarlet pimpernel, are annuals.

Previously one of three families in the order Primulales, it underwent considerable generic re-alignment once molecular phylogenetic methods were used for taxonomic classification. The order was then submerged in a much enlarged order Ericales and became a greatly enlarged Primulaceae sensu lato (s.l). In this new classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, each of the Primulales families was reduced to the rank of subfamily of Primulaceae s.l. The original Primulaceae (Primulaceae sensu stricto or s.s.) then became subfamily Primuloideae, and one genus (Maesa) was raised to the rank of a separate subfamily, making four in all.
William E. Ingram Jr.
Lieutenant General William E. Ingram Jr. (born January 21, 1948) is a retired United States Army officer who served as the director of the Army National Guard. He was the 20th individual and the third three-star general to lead the Army National Guard since 1948, when the office was established as Chief, Army Division, National Guard Bureau. In this assignment Ingram guided the formulation, development and implementation of all programs and policies affecting the Army National Guard, a force of more than 350,000 citizen soldiers in the 50 states, three territories and the District of Columbia.

Ingram assumed the position and was promoted to lieutenant general on November 28, 2011, in a ceremony held at the Pentagon, which was presided over by Army Chief of Staff Raymond T. Odierno and National Guard Bureau Chief Craig R. McKinley. He retired in a ceremony presided over by Frank J. Grass at Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall on January 14, 2014.

Morrisville, North Carolina
Morrisville is a town located primarily in Wake County, North Carolina, United States (a small portion extends into neighboring Durham County). According to the 2020 census, the population was 29,630. Morrisville is part of the Research Triangle metropolitan region, located midway between the cities of Raleigh and Durham. The Research Triangle region encompasses the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area. The operational headquarters of Lenovo is located in the municipal limits.
Popish Plot
The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy invented by Titus Oates that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the kingdoms of England and Scotland in anti-Catholic hysteria. Oates alleged that there was an extensive Catholic conspiracy to assassinate Charles II, accusations that led to the show trials and executions of at least 22 men and precipitated the Exclusion Bill Crisis. During this tumultuous period, Oates weaved an intricate web of accusations, fueling public fears and paranoia. However, as time went on, the lack of substantial evidence and inconsistencies in Oates's testimony began to unravel the plot. Eventually, Oates himself was arrested and convicted for perjury, exposing the fabricated nature of the conspiracy.

Show trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the guilt or innocence of the defendant has already been determined. The purpose of holding a show trial is to present both accusation and verdict to the public, serving as an example and a warning to other would-be dissidents or transgressors.

Show trials tend to be retributive rather than corrective, and they are also conducted for propagandistic purposes. When aimed at individuals on the basis of protected classes or characteristics, show trials are examples of political persecution. The term was first recorded in 1928.
Lynn S. Liben
Lynn S. Liben is developmental psychologist known for her research on effects of gender and racial stereotypes on child development. Liben is an Evan Pugh University Professor of Psychology, Human Development and Family Studies, and Education at Pennsylvania State University.

Liben has been honored as the past President of the Society for Research in Child Development (2013–2015).  She also served terms as President of American Psychological Association (APA) Division 7, Developmental Psychology (1996–1997), the Jean Piaget Society, and the Society for the Study of Human Development.

Society for the Study of Human Development
The Society for the Study of Human Development (SSHD) is a professional society formed by a group of scholars from multiple disciplines (e.g., medicine, biology, psychology, sociology, economics, and history). The central focus of SSHD is to provide an organization that moves beyond age-segmented scholarly organizations to take an integrative, interdisciplinary approach to ages/stages across the life span, generational and ecological contexts of human development, and research and applications to human development policies and programs. It was founded in 1998 when a group of scholars met at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Its first meeting was held in November 1999. The current president of the society is Carolyn Aldwin (Oregon State University), and the president-elect is Lynn S. Liben (The Pennsylvania State University). The society's official journal is Research in Human Development.
6th Society of Composers & Lyricists Awards
The 6th Society of Composers & Lyricists Awards recognized the best in music in films, television productions and interactive media of 2024. The ceremony was hosted by Colin Hay and took place on February 12, 2025, at the Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California.

The nominees were announced on December 18, 2024. French musical drama film Emilia Pérez led the nominations with three, followed by the television series Shōgun, The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, Masters of the Air and Palm Royale, with two nominations each.

British composer Harry Gregson-Williams and English filmmaker Ridley Scott received the Spirit of Collaboration Award, while American composer Jeff Beal was presented with the Jury Award.

Skirball Cultural Center
The Skirball Cultural Center, founded in 1996, is a Jewish educational institution in Los Angeles, California. The center, named after philanthropist couple Jack H. Skirball and Audrey Skirball-Kenis, has a museum with regularly changing exhibitions, film events, music and theater performances, comedy, family, literary, and cultural programs. The campus includes a museum, a performing arts center, conference halls, classrooms, libraries, courtyards, gardens, and a café.
Whanki Museum
The Whanki Museum is a private art museum in Jongno-gu, in central Seoul, South Korea. It was established  by the Whanki Foundation mainly to exhibit and commemorate the art of Whanki Kim, one of Korea's foremost abstract painters. The museum is located in Buam-dong, close to Seongbuk-dong, Seongbuk-gu, where Whanki Kim and his wife spent many years. The atmosphere and natural environment of the two places have much in common. The museum building was designed by architect Kyu Sung Woo. Construction began in 1990, and the museum opened in November, 1992.

The bulk of the collection is displayed in the main building which was specially designed to showcase Whanki Kim's art. Special exhibitions are held in Annex 1, which includes a café and art shop on the ground floor. The latest addition, Annex 2, is used for lectures.

Jongno District
Jongno District (Korean: 종로구; RR: Jongno-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul that contains Gyeongbokgung, the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty, and the Blue House, the former presidential residence. Jongno District has a high concentration of historical sites, many dating back to the Goryeo period. Places like Sungkyunkwan, Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Dongdaemun are all located within the area of the district.
New Orleans soul
New Orleans soul is a musical style originating from soul music, with significant influences from Gospel music. It incorporates elements of pop and soul, infused with the rhythmic patterns of boogie-woogie. Typically featuring piano and saxophone accompaniments, this genre gained prominence in the postwar era within the Crescent City.

This genre is characterized by its pop foundation, evident in its structural elements, and its incorporation of rock rhythms influenced by the popular "second line" beats typical in the city. The influence of Caribbean and Latin music from the 1960s was significant, inspiring the development of more exotic rhythms within this soul genre, although mid-tempo rhythms also exist. Musicians prioritize melody and tone over lyrical content. Background vocals typically feature one or two female voices.

Latin music
Latin music (Portuguese and Spanish: música latina) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America, which encompasses Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the Latino population in Canada and the United States, as well as music that is sung in either Spanish or Portuguese. It may also include music from other territories where Spanish- and Portuguese-language music is made.
Run to Paradise
"Run to Paradise" is a song by Australian hard rock band The Choirboys which reached No. 3 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in December 1987. The related Big Bad Noise album peaked at No. 5, and was the twenty-first highest-selling album of 1988 in Australia. In New Zealand, "Run to Paradise" attained No. 13 on the RIANZ Singles Chart. Released in the United States in 1989, it appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 and Mainstream Rock charts. The song was re-worked for a 2004 release credited to Nick Skitz vs. Choirboys and reached No. 16 on the ARIA Singles Chart. In January 2018, as part of Triple M's "Ozzest 100" Australia Day countdown of Australian songs, "Run to Paradise" was ranked number 24.

Kent Music Report
The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by music historian David Kent from May 1974 through to January 1999. The chart was re-branded the Australian Music Report (AMR) in July 1987. From June 1988, the Australian Recording Industry Association, which had been using the top 50 portion of the report under licence since mid-1983, chose to produce their own listing as the ARIA Charts.

Before the Kent Report, Go-Set magazine published weekly Top 40 Singles from 1966, and albums chart from 1970 until the magazine's demise in August 1974.

David Kent later published Australian charts from 1940 to 1973 in a retrospective fashion, using state by state chart data obtained from various Australian radio stations.
R.R. Virdi
R.R. Virdi is an American urban fantasy author. Two of his novels have been nominated for a Dragon Award: Grave Measures in 2016 and Dangerous Ways in 2017. His novelette, "Messenger" (co-authored with Yudhanjaya Wijeratne), was nominated for a Nebula Award in 2019.

Urban fantasy
Urban fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy, placing supernatural elements in a contemporary urban-affected setting. The combination provides the writer with a platform for classic fantasy tropes, quixotic plot-elements, and unusual characters—without demanding the creation of an entire imaginary world.

Precursors of urban fantasy are found in popular fiction of the 19th century and the present use of the term dates back to the 1970s. Much of its audience was established in the 1930s–50s with the success of light supernatural fare in film and, later, television. The genre's current publishing popularity began in 1980s North America, as writers and publishers were encouraged by the success of Stephen King and Anne Rice.
David Forsyth (chess player)
David Forsyth (1854–1909) was a Scotsman who emigrated to New Zealand, served as chess editor of the Glasgow Weekly Herald.  Forsyth invented a method for recording chess positions, which he published in the Glasgow Weekly Herald in 1883, now known as Forsyth notation. He won the New Zealand Chess Championship in 1901.

He was also one of the compilers of what was possibly the first regular Go column in any newspaper (in the Otago Witness, from February 1902 until March 1903), according to the New Zealand Go Society.

In recent times, Forsyth notation has been extended as Forsyth–Edwards Notation for use with computers.

New Zealand Chess Championship
The New Zealand Chess Championship is an annual open tournament played to determine the country's chess champion. It is organised by the New Zealand Chess Federation.

The first installment of the championship was held in Christchurch in 1879, and was won by Henry Hookham. Following a 9 year break, the tournament resumed in the New Year of 1888/89, and has been held annually since. It has been played with the Swiss system since 1996/97.

Note:  Up until 1934 foreign players were eligible for the title. The eligibility rules were changed in 1935 to preclude this; John Angus Erskine (twice champion in 1929 and 1935) was born in Invercargill and was therefore eligible although he was domiciled in Melbourne, Australia.
Phlegar Farm
Phlegar Farm is a historic home located near Floyd, Floyd County, Virginia.  The original log dwelling was built in 1816, and later expanded about 1857 and about 1910. The house is two-stories with a metal sheathed gable roof, weatherboard siding, a stone gable-end chimney, two one-story front porches, and a one-story ell. The interior has Federal and Greek Revival style details. Also on the property are a contributing granary and workshop.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Granary
A granary, also known as a grain house and historically as a granarium in Latin, is a post-harvest storage building primarily for grains or seeds. Granaries are typically built above the ground to prevent spoilage and protect the stored grains or seeds from rodents, pests, floods, and adverse weather conditions. They also assist in drying the grains to prevent mold growth. Modern granaries may incorporate advanced ventilation and temperature control systems to preserve the quality of the stored grains.
Nikonites
Nikonites, also known as Nikonians, are followers of the main current of the Russian Orthodox Church, which accepted the reforms undertaken during the reign of Patriarch Nikon—as opposed to the Old Believers, who rejected the reforms and maintain strong religious traditions that predate them.

Patriarch Nikon of Moscow
Nikon (Russian: Ни́кон, Old spelling: Нїконъ), born Nikita Minin (Никита Минин; 7 May [O.S. 27 April] 1605 – 17 August [O.S. 7 August] 1681) was the seventh Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' of the Russian Orthodox Church, serving officially from 1652 to 1666. He was renowned for his eloquence, energy, piety and close ties to Tsar Alexis of Russia. Nikon introduced many reforms, including liturgical reforms that were unpopular among conservatives. These divisions eventually led to a lasting schism known as Raskol (schism) in the Russian Orthodox Church. For many years, he was a dominant political figure, often equaling or even overshadowing the Tsar. In December 1667, Nikon was tried by a synod of church officials, deprived of all his sacerdotal functions, and reduced to the status of a simple monk.
D-Day: A Gangsta Grillz Mixtape
D-Day: A Gangsta Grillz Mixtape is the fourth compilation album by American record label Dreamville. It was released on March 31, 2022, by Dreamville and Interscope as a Gangsta Grillz mixtape hosted by DJ Drama.

D-Day includes contributions from Dreamville artists, J. Cole, Bas, Cozz, Omen, Lute, Ari Lennox, JID, and EarthGang. The mixtape features guest appearances from 2 Chainz, ASAP Ferg, Kenny Mason, Sheck Wes, G Perico, Reason, and Young Nudy.

Lute (rapper)
Luther Nicholson, better known by his stage name Lute, is an American rapper. He is signed to J. Cole's Dreamville Records. He released his first mixtape, West1996, in 2012, his debut album, West1996 pt. 2,  in 2017, and his second album Gold Mouf in 2021.
The War (album)
The War (stylized in all caps) is the fourth studio album by South Korean boy band Exo. It was released on July 18, 2017, by SM Entertainment under Genie Music's distribution. The album includes a total of nine tracks including the lead single "Ko Ko Bop". The War received the highest number of pre-orders at the time for a K-pop album, with more than 800,000 physical copies. 24 days after being released, it became Exo's first album to have sold over 1 million copies with a single release. The War became Exo's fifth consecutive album win Album of the Year and the MAMA Awards.

The album was re-released under the title The War: The Power of Music on September 5, 2017. This was the first Exo release not to feature member Lay, who began an indefinite hiatus shortly before the music video for "Ko Ko Bop" was filmed, and the last album to be separately released in both Korean and Chinese language.

Circle Album Chart
The Circle Album Chart (Korean: 써클 앨범 차트), previously known as the Gaon Album Chart (가온 앨범 차트), is a record chart ranking the 100 most popular albums, extended plays and single albums in South Korea–based on their physical sales. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart. It compiles shipments in weekly, monthly, and year-end formats with detailed album sales.