hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2007 North Alabama Lions football team
The 2007 North Alabama Lions football team represented the University of North Alabama as a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 2007 NCAA Division II football season.

Led by Mark Hudspeth in his sixth and final year as head coach, the Lions compiled an overall record of 10–2 with a conference mark of 7–1, tying for second place in the GSC.

North Alabama qualified for the NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs, where the Lions beat the Gulf South Conference champion Delta State in the second round before falling to fellow conference foe, and eventual national champion, Valdosta State in the quarterfinals.

2007 Valdosta State Blazers football team
The 2007 Valdosta State Blazers football team was an American football team that represented Valdosta State University as a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 2007 NCAA Division II football season. In their first year under head coach David Dean, the team compiled a 13–1 record (7–1 against conference opponents) and finished second in the GSC. The team advanced to the NCAA Division II playoffs and defeated Northwest Missouri State, 25–20, in the championship game.

The Blazers played their home games at Bazemore–Hyder Stadium in Valdosta, Georgia.
Marumi Ogawa
Marumi Ogawa (小川まるみ, Ogawa Marumi, born February 15, 1981 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese tarento and gravure idol. She graduated from the Tokyo University of Agriculture where she was a member of the Interact Club. She used to be a Gabu Girl and a member of the Miniskirt Police. Her hobbies include cooking, bowling, and piano.

Tokyo University of Agriculture
The Tokyo University of Agriculture (東京農業大学, Tōkyō nōgyō daigaku), abbreviated as Nodai (農大, nōdai) or Tokyo nodai (東京農大, Tōkyō nōdai), is a private university of agriculture in Japan.

Tokyo University of Agriculture is a Japanese private university headquartered at 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. Founded in 1891, university established in 1925. The abbreviation is Noudai (University of Agriculture), TUA. It is Japan's first private agricultural school and the only comprehensive agricultural university in Japan that specializes in research in the fields of agriculture and biotechnology.There are three campuses: Setagaya, Atsugi, and Okhotsk (Abashiri).
Demisexuality
Demisexuality is a term used to describe individuals who rarely or never experience primary sexual attraction – a type of attraction that is based on immediately observable characteristics such as appearance or smell, and is experienced immediately after first encounter. A demisexual person generally tends to develop sexual attraction after  they experience secondary sexual attraction – a type of attraction that occurs after development of an emotional bond. The amount of time that a demisexual individual needs to know another person before developing sexual attraction towards them varies from person to person. Demisexuality is generally categorized on the asexuality spectrum.

Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.  For example, having eye color is a character of an organism,   while blue, brown and hazel versions of eye color are traits.  The term trait is generally used in genetics, often to describe the phenotypic expression of different combinations of alleles in different individual organisms within a single population, such as the famous purple vs. white flower coloration in Gregor Mendel's pea plants.  By contrast, in systematics, the term  character state is employed to describe features that represent fixed diagnostic differences among taxa, such as the absence of tails in great apes, relative to other primate groups.
James Cavanaugh (songwriter)
James Anthony Cavanaugh (New York City, 29 October 1892 - New York City, 18 August 1967) was an American songwriter. Among his best known songs were "Mississippi Mud" (1927, made popular by Bing Crosby), "Crosstown" (1940, co-written with John Redmond), and "The Gaucho Serenade" (title track of the soundtrack to the Gene Autry 1940 movie Gaucho Serenade).

Gaucho Serenade
Gaucho Serenade is a 1940 American Western film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, and June Storey. Written by Betty Burbridge and Bradford Ropes, the film is about a singing cowboy who goes up against a group of businessmen who plot to kidnap the son of a former partner so he won't testify against them.
Jeanne Ferrante
Jeanne Ferrante (born January 3, 1949) is an American computer scientist active in the field of compiler technology. As a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of California, San Diego's Jacobs School of Engineering, Ferrante has made important contributions regarding optimization and parallelization.

Optimizing compiler
An optimizing compiler is a compiler designed to generate code that is optimized in aspects such as minimizing program execution time, memory usage, storage size, and power consumption. Optimization is generally implemented as a sequence of optimizing transformations, a.k.a. compiler optimizations – algorithms that transform code to produce semantically equivalent code optimized for some aspect.

Optimization is limited by a number of factors. Theoretical analysis indicates that some optimization problems are NP-complete, or even undecidable. Also, producing perfectly optimal code is not possible since optimizing for one aspect often degrades performance for another (see: superoptimization). Optimization is a collection of heuristic methods for improving resource usage in typical programs.: 585
Punta Cruz Watchtower
The Fort of Saint Vincent Ferrer (Spanish: Fuerte de San Vicente Ferrer) or commonly known as Punta Cruz Watchtower (Tagalog: Bantayan ng Punta Cruz) is a Spanish colonial era watchtower located at the western tip of the municipality of Maribojoc, Bohol, Philippines. Also known as Maribojoc Watchtower because of its geographical location, it is located three kilometers (1.9 mi) away from Maribojoc Church. It is known for being the "only perfect isosceles triangle" tower-fort structure in the Philippines.

The watchtower experienced moderate to serious damage based on a technical assessment done by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts after the 2013 Bohol earthquake.

Watchtower
A watchtower or guardtower (also spelled watch tower, guard tower) is a type of military/paramilitary or policiary tower used for guarding an area. Sometimes fortified, and armed with heavy weaponry, especially historically, the structures are built in areas of established control. These include military bases, cities occupied by military forces, prisons and more. A common equipment is searchlights.

It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military/policiary and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers.

Similar constructions include: observation towers and belvederes, which are generally civilian structures, and control towers, used on airports or harbours.
Steve Bicknell
Stephen John Bicknell (born 28 November 1959) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City and Torquay United.

Bicknell was born in Stockton, Warwickshire and began his career as an apprentice winger with Leicester City, turning professional in December 1976. After a bright start to his Leicester career he failed to make the league side the following season, and in August 1978 joined Torquay United on a free transfer. His Gulls career never took off, and after only three league appearances (all as a substitute) he left for VS Rugby and later played for Southam United.

Southam United F.C.
Southam United Football Club was a football club based in Southam, Warwickshire. They were members of the Hellenic League Division One and played at Bobby Hancocks Park, until resigning in February 2025.
Sun Java Workstation
Sun Java Workstation was a line of computer workstations sold by Sun Microsystems from 2004 to 2006, based on the AMD Opteron microprocessor family. The range supplanted the earlier Sun Blade workstation line. These were the first x86-architecture workstations Sun had produced, other than the short-lived Sun386i in the late 1980s.

Supported operating systems were Solaris, Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9. The Java Workstation name alluded to the workstations being intended to run Sun's Java Desktop System, a GNOME-based desktop environment.

The Java Workstation series was replaced by Ultra 20 and Ultra 40 workstations from 2005 onwards.

Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the description may include the instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.
Ashish Kumar Saha
Ashish Kumar Saha is an Indian politician from Tripura, India. He is currently serving as President of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee.

In the 2018 assembly elections, he represented Town Bardowali constituency in West Tripura in Tripura Legislative Assembly.

Tripura Legislative Assembly
The Tripura Legislative Assembly or Tripura Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tripura, with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly. The present Assembly is located in Gurkhabasti. Ujjayanta Palace in Agartala served as the previous meeting place. The tenure of the Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. The present Assembly is the 13th Legislative Assembly, where the current speaker of the House is Biswa Bandhu Sen since 24 March 2023. On 15 August 1957, a Territorial Council was formed with 30 elected members and two members nominated by the Government of India.
The House That Screamed (2000 film)
The House That Screamed is a 2000 horror film by the Polonia brothers, released by Sub Rosa Studios.

The film follows a writer (Bob Dennis), attempting to escape from the recent tragedy in his life by throwing himself into his work, only to discover a haunted house.

It was followed by a sequel, Hellgate: the House That Screamed 2.

Haunted house
A haunted house, spook house or ghost house in ghostlore is a house or other building often perceived as being inhabited by disembodied spirits of the deceased who may have been former residents or were otherwise connected with the property. Parapsychologists often attribute haunting to the spirits of the dead who have suffered from violent or tragic events in the building's past such as murder, accidental death, or suicide.

Upon scientific investigation, alternative causes to supernatural phenomenon are found, such as hoaxes, environmental effects, hallucinations or confirmation biases. Common symptoms of hauntings, like cold spots and creaking or knocking sounds, can be found in most homes regardless of suspected paranormal presences. Carbon monoxide poisoning has also been cited as a cause of suspected hauntings.
Emma Higgins (filmmaker)
Emma Higgins is a Canadian filmmaker from Vancouver, British Columbia. She is most noted as the winner of the Juno Award for Video of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2021, for her music video for Jessie Reyez's "No One's in the Room". She was also a nominee in the same category at the Juno Awards of 2018 for Mother Mother's "The Drugs", and at the Juno Awards of 2023 for Reyez's "Fraud".

She has also directed music videos for artists including Brett Kissel, Ingrid Andress, Tegan and Sara, Tebey, Wes Mack, Cold Creek County and Nikki Yanovsky.

Her debut feature film, Sweetness, went into production in 2024, and is slated to premiere at SXSW in 2025.

Juno Awards of 2018
The Juno Awards of 2018, honouring Canadian music achievements, were presented in Vancouver, British Columbia during the weekend of 24–25 March 2018. The primary telecast ceremonies were held at Rogers Arena. Vancouver previously hosted the Juno Awards in 1991, 1998 and 2009. Michael Bublé hosted these awards after having stepped down from his scheduled hosting the previous year due to his son's cancer diagnosis. Nominations were announced on 6 February 2018.

Changes in 2018 from previous years include the reintroduction of the Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year, a category which has not been awarded since 1984, and the ceremony's television broadcast returning to CBC Television, after previously being broadcast by CTV.
MV Agusta 175 series
The MV Agusta 175 were a series of motorcycles produced by the Italian manufacturer MV Agusta from 1953 to 1960. The series included touring, GT  (Gran Turismo), sports and supersports models. There were also two racing variants. Because of the shape of the petrol tank, the sports and supersport models became known as the Disco Volante (Flying Saucer). The series was MV's best seller.

Valvetrain
A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) into the combustion chamber, while the exhaust valves control the flow of spent exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber once combustion is completed.
Eugène Belgrand
Eugène Belgrand (23 April 1810 – 8 April 1878) was a French engineer who made significant contributions to the modernization of the Parisian sewer system during the 19th century rebuilding of Paris.  Much of Belgrand's work remains in use today.

Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal.

Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas may also carry industrial wastewater. In municipalities served by sanitary sewers, separate storm drains may convey surface runoff directly to surface waters. An advantage of sanitary sewer systems is that they avoid combined sewer overflows. Sanitary sewers are typically much smaller in diameter than combined sewers which also transport urban runoff. Backups of raw sewage can occur if excessive stormwater inflow or groundwater infiltration occurs due to leaking joints, defective pipes etc. in aging infrastructure.
1 Centesimo (Italian coin)
The 1 lira cent (Italian: centesimo di lira), commonly called centesimino, was the smallest denomination of Italian lira coins. Like the contemporary 1, 2 and 5 cent coins, it was made of a bronze alloy composed of 960‰ copper and 40‰ tin. The 1-cent coins were minted between 1861 and 1918, only to be withdrawn from circulation in 1924.

2 euro cent coin
The 2 euro cent coin (€0.02) has a value of one fiftieth of a euro and is composed of copper-plated steel. All euro coins have a common reverse and country-specific (national) obverse. The coin has been used since 2002 and was not redesigned in 2007 as were the higher-value coins.
Ringo Kid
The Ringo Kid is a fictional Western character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. His comic book series was originally released by the company's 1950s predecessor, Atlas Comics. The character is depicted as having a Caucasian father and a Native American mother. A lesser-known character than the company's Kid Colt, Rawhide Kid, or Two-Gun Kid, he also appeared in a reprint series in the 1970s.

The character is unrelated to the actor John Wayne's "Ringo Kid" in the Western film Stagecoach.

Western fiction
Western fiction is a genre of literature set in the American Old West frontier and typically set from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth century. Well-known writers of Western fiction include Zane Grey from the early 20th century and Louis L'Amour from the mid-20th century. The genre peaked around the early 1960s, largely due to the popularity of televised Westerns such as Bonanza. Readership began to drop off in the mid- to late 1970s and reached a new low in the 2000s. Most bookstores, outside a few west American states, only carry a small number of Western fiction books.
Culdees
The Culdees (Irish: Céilí Dé, lit. 'Spouses of God'; pronounced [ceːlʲiː dʲeː]) were members of ascetic Christian monastic and eremitical communities of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England in the Middle Ages. Appearing first in Ireland and then in Scotland, they were subsequently attached to cathedral or collegiate churches. Though they did not take monastic vows, they lived in monastic fashion.

William Reeves (bishop)
Christianity portal

William Reeves (16 March 1815 – 12 January 1892) was an Irish antiquarian and the Church of Ireland Bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore from 1886 until his death. He was the last private keeper of the Book of Armagh and at the time of his death was President of the Royal Irish Academy.
Smitthi Bhiraleus
Smitthi Bhiraleus (Thai: สมิทธิ เพียรเลิศ) is the founder, CEO and managing director of VERY TV and MTV Thailand. In early 2003, he joined Channel [V] Thailand as a general manager and was awarded a place in Thailand's top 50 young executive list in 2003, 2004 and 2005 by Manager Newspaper Group. He resigned from Channel [V] Thailand in early 2006 to set up his own company VERY Inc, the current partner of MTV Asia Networks, and launched a Thai version of MTV, MTV Thailand, on True Visions under this company on 16 May 2008.

Bhiraleus attended Satit Prasanmit Junior High School in Bangkok, Thailand. He then moved to the UK and studied at Sherborne School. Smitthi graduated from high school and enrolled at University College London, where he was awarded a first-class honours degree. He then obtained a master's degree in media production from Birmingham City University.

VERY TV
VERY TV is a 24-hour music and entertainment channel owned by VERY ENTERTAINMENT. On air on TrueVisions Channel 64 and 79. The channel originally started its broadcast on May 16, 2011. VERY TV reaches an audience of 8 million viewers in Thailand.
Chicago City Railway
The Chicago City Railway Company (CCRy) was an urban  transit company that operated horse, cable, and electric streetcars on Chicago's South Side between 1859 and 1914, when it became merged into and part of the Chicago Surface Lines (CSL) metropolitan-wide system. After that time it owned electric streetcars, along with gasoline, diesel, and propane – fueled transit busses. Purchased by the government agency  Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) in 1947, it was liquidated in 1950.

Transit bus
A transit bus (also big bus, commuter bus, city bus, town bus, urban bus, stage bus, public bus,  public transit bus, or simply bus) is a type of bus used in public transport bus services.  Several configurations are used, including low-floor buses, high-floor buses, double-decker buses, articulated buses and midibuses.

These are distinct from all-seated coaches used for intercity travel and smaller minibuses, for more flexible services.
Tarski's problem
Alfred Tarski asked the following mathematical questions:

For Tarski's problem about the elementary theory of free groups see free group.

Tarski's circle-squaring problem

Tarski's plank problem

Tarski's exponential function problem

Tarski monster group

Tarski's high school algebra problem

Tarski monster group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, a Tarski monster group, named for Alfred Tarski, is an infinite group such that every proper subgroup, other than the identity subgroup, is a cyclic group of order a fixed prime number p. A Tarski monster group is necessarily simple. It was shown by Alexander Yu. Olshanskii in 1979 that Tarski groups exist, and that there is a Tarski p-group for every prime p > 1075. They are a source of counterexamples to conjectures in group theory, most importantly to Burnside's problem and the von Neumann conjecture.
Poorva Express (via Patna)
The 12303 / 12304 Poorva Express are daily superfast express trains of Indian Railways running between Howrah, West Bengal, and New Delhi, Delhi. The name Poorva signifies the eastern part of India, and the train attracts travellers from Bihar, Jharkhand & West Bengal.

Indian locomotive class WAP-7
The Indian locomotive class WAP-7 is a class of 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was developed in 1999 by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) for Indian Railways. Its class designation denotes a broad gauge (W) alternating current (A) passenger (P) locomotive of the 7th generation (7). They entered service in 2000. A total of 2081 WAP-7 locomotives have been built, with more units being built at CLW, Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW) and Patiala Locomotive Works (PLW).

The WAP-7 has been serving passengers for Indian Railways since their introduction in 1999. It is a passenger variant of the WAG-9 freight locomotive with a modified gear ratio to pull lighter loads at higher speeds. With an output of 6,125 hp, it is the most powerful passenger locomotive in the Indian Railways fleet, and the most numerous passenger locomotive in India. The WAP-7 is capable of hauling 24 coach trains at speeds of 130 km/h.
Bismarck (1940 film)
Bismarck is a 1940 German historical film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Paul Hartmann, Friedrich Kayßler, and Lil Dagover.

This film depicts the life of the Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck, a German nationalist and lonely genius who withstands the Reichstag to act on behalf of the people. It was followed by a sequel Die Entlassung in 1942, with Emil Jannings taking over the title role.

The film was made at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin by Tobis Film one of the leading German companies of the era.
It was shot at a variety of locations involving several related to the historic events of film including in Berlin, Vienna, Bad Gastein and Babelsberg Palace. Plau am See in Mecklenburg was also used for shooting. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Karl Machus and Erich Zander.

Erich Zander
Erich Zander (11 April 1905 in Kassel – 15 April 1991 in Eutin) was a German field hockey player who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1928 he was a member of the German field hockey team, which won the bronze medal. He played all four matches as halfback. Eight years later he won the silver medal in the field hockey competition.
United States Post Office and Courthouse–Billings
The U.S. Post Office and Courthouse–Billings, in Billings, Montana, was built in 1914. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture and Second Renaissance Revival architecture. Also known as Billings Post Office and Courthouse and as Billings Downtown Station, it served historically as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the District of Montana, and as a post office. The courthouse functions were later relocated to the James F. Battin Federal Building.

The building's construction was touted as a great thing for Billings, and its opening was a matter of great pride for the city. The building was expanded and renovated in 1932.

National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories
In the United States, the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture.  Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System (NRIS) database.   Other properties are given a custom architectural description with "vernacular" or other qualifiers, and others have no style classification.  Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here, or they fit into more specialized subcategories.