hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chirped mirror
A chirped mirror is a dielectric mirror with chirped spaces—spaces of varying depth designed to reflect varying wavelengths of lights—between the dielectric layers (stack).

Chirped mirrors are used in applications like lasers to reflect a wider range of light wavelengths than ordinary dielectric mirrors, or to compensate for the dispersion of wavelengths that can be created by some optical elements. Chirped mirrors are also found in structurally colored biological systems, including the shiny golden and silver color of certain beetles' elytra, e.g. those of the Ruteline genus Chrysina. In these cases, the chirped mirror generates complex color (such as gold or silver) when illuminated by white light by simultaneously reflecting a broad range of monochromatic colors.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
Lakewood, Florida
Lakewood is an unincorporated community in Walton County, Florida, United States, located in the Florida panhandle. Lakewood is on the Florida/Alabama border near Florida's highest point, Britton Hill (345 feet). Lakewood and most of Walton County differ from the rest of Florida in terms of scenery and geography, and the fauna and flora are those typical of the Deep South.

Walton County, Florida
Walton County is a county located on the Emerald Coast in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Florida, with its southern border on the Gulf of Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 75,305. Its county seat is DeFuniak Springs. The county is home to the highest natural point in Florida: Britton Hill, at 345 feet (105 m). Walton County is included in the Crestview–Fort Walton Beach–Destin Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Samuel Osborne (custodian)
Samuel Osborne (1833–1904) was an African American custodian and caretaker at Colby College. Osborne was born enslaved in Lanesville, Virginia on October 20, 1833. After emancipation, he and other family members moved to Maine. Osborne's father was initially hired at Colby, and Osborne succeeded him as custodian after his father's death in 1867. His history and treatment at the college are controversial; in particular, he received low pay from the school and suffered racist pranks at the hands of students. He and his wife Maria Iveson Osborne had seven children. In 1900, his daughter Marion became the first African-American woman to graduate from Colby. In May 1904, Osborne fell ill and ceased work at the college. Upon his departure, the Colby College Board of Trustees voted to cancel his mortgage and forgive his unpaid bills.

Colby College
Colby College is a private liberal arts college in Waterville, Maine, United States. Founded in 1813 as the Maine Literary and Theological Institution, it was renamed Waterville College in 1821. The donations of Christian philanthropist Gardner Colby saw the institution renamed again to Colby University before settling on its current title, reflecting its liberal arts college curriculum, in 1899. Approximately 2,000 students from more than 60 countries are enrolled annually. The college offers 54 major fields of study and 30 minors.

Located in central Maine, the 714-acre Neo-Georgian campus sits atop Mayflower Hill and overlooks downtown Waterville and the Kennebec River Valley. Along with fellow Maine institutions Bates College and Bowdoin College, Colby competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium.
BMW B38 engine
The BMW B38 is a 1.2 and 1.5 L (1,198 and 1,499 cc) turbocharged straight-three DOHC petrol engine, which replaced the straight-four BMW N13. Production started in 2013.

It is part of a modular BMW engine family, of straight-three (B38), straight-four (B48) and straight-six (B58) alloy block and head petrol engines, which use a displacement of 400 cc (24.4 cu in) per cylinder in the 1.2 and 500 cc (30.5 cu in) per cylinder in the 1.5. It specifically shares a lot of components with the BMW B37, due to their same size/configuration.

The B38 is used in front-wheel drive cars (such as the Mini Hatch and BMW 2 Series Active Tourer), as well as BMW's traditional rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive (xDrive) configurations. The first car to use the B38 is the BMW i8 hybrid sports coupé, where it is used as a transverse mid-mounted engine.

Petrol engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine that runs on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher octane rating, as sold at petrol stations.

Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which run on diesel fuel and typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio.
Marabanong
Marabanong is a historic mansion in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It was built in 1876 on the site of Perley Place, the antebellum mansion purchased in 1870 by British astronomer Thomas Basnett that was originally built by Thomas Perley and destroyed in a fire. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 11, 2013. Eliza Wilbur was active at the home.

Basnett (born 1808 - died 1886) was a prominent British astronomer and meteorologist. Basnett moved from England to Illinois in 1835 and ran a drugstore. In 1876 he constructed Marabonong on a promontory above the St. Johns River near Jacksonville, Florida. He married Eliza Wilbur in his third marriage.

Antebellum architecture
Antebellum architecture (from Antebellum South, Latin for "pre-war") is the neoclassical architectural style characteristic of the 19th-century Southern United States, especially the Deep South, from after the birth of the United States with the American Revolution, to the start of the American Civil War. Antebellum architecture is especially characterized by Georgian, Neo-classical, and Greek Revival style homes and mansions. These plantation houses were built in the southern American states during roughly the 30 years before the American Civil War; approximately between the 1830s to 1860s.
Little Crumb
Little Crumb (Dutch: Kruimeltje) is a 1999 Dutch comedy drama film written and directed by Maria Peters, based on the 1923 novel Kruimeltje by Chris van Abkoude. The film was produced by Shooting Star Filmcompany and KRO. it was released in the Netherlands on 9 December 1999 by Buena Vista International.

It was the most popular Dutch film of the year and in the top 20 most popular Dutch films of all time. It was the Netherlands' submission to the 73rd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Katholieke Radio Omroep
KRO, or Katholieke Radio Omroep (Catholic Radio Broadcasting), was a Dutch public broadcasting organization founded on 23 April 1925.

Broadly Catholic in its spiritual outlook, KRO broadcast the bulk of its television output on the NPO 1 channel. KRO was also responsible for managing broadcasts made by the Catholic Church in the Netherlands in the airtime allocated to Rooms-Katholiek Kerkgenootschap. KRO published the magazines Studio KRO Magazine and Mikro gids.

On 1 January 2014, it merged with Nederlandse Christelijke Radio Vereniging (NCRV) to form KRO-NCRV.
Samantha Lam (singer)
Samantha Lam Chi-mei (Chinese: 林志美, 9 April 1963) is a Hong Kong singer and songwriter. In 1982, the television station RTHK awarded one of her songs, "Feelings of a Passage" (感情的段落), later heard from her 1983 self-titled debut album, as one of top ten gold songs of 1981–82.
In 1983, Lam sang a radio hit Cantonese rendition of the well-known Mandarin song "Into Your Eyes" (你的眼神), originally sung in 1981 by Tsai Chin, for her debut album.
In 1984–85, another of her songs, "ngau yu" (偶遇), a theme song for the 1984 film A Certain Romance (少女日記), was awarded as one of top ten gold songs of 1983–84 by RTHK, the seventh place of the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards by another station TVB, and the Hong Kong Film Award for the Best Movie Song (最佳電影歌曲) of 1984.
Lam sang also "ouyu" (偶遇), a Mandarin version of "ngau yu", for the titled 1984 album. Since then, later singers have rendered both versions of "ngau yu" (sometimes with slightly different lyrics), like Sammi Cheng and Zhou Xun.

Hong Kong Film Awards
The Hong Kong Film Awards (HKFA; Chinese: 香港電影金像獎), founded in 1982, is an annual film awards ceremony in Hong Kong. The ceremonies typically take place in April, and have mostly been held at the Grand Theatre of the Hong Kong Cultural Centre since 1991. The awards recognise achievement in various aspects of filmmaking, such as directing, screenwriting, acting and cinematography. The awards are regarded as the Hong Kong equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The HKFA, incorporated into Hong Kong Film Awards Association Ltd. since December 1993, are currently managed by a board of directors, which consists of representatives from thirteen professional film bodies in Hong Kong. Voting on eligible films for the HKFA is conducted January through March every year and is open to all registered voters, which include local film workers as well as critics, and a selected group of adjudicators.
Lucius Calvenus Taurus
Lucius Calvenus Taurus (Ancient Greek: Λούκιος Καλβῆνος Ταῦρος, romanized: Loúkios Kalbē̃nos Taũros, also Calvisius Taurus;: 286−8  fl. second century AD) was a Greek philosopher of the Middle Platonist school.

Middle Platonism
Middle Platonism is the modern name given to a revival and outgrowth of Platonic philosophy, lasting from about 90 BC – when Antiochus of Ascalon rejected the skepticism of the new Academy – until the development of neoplatonism under Plotinus in the 3rd century. Middle Platonism absorbed many doctrines from the rival Peripatetic and Stoic schools. The pre-eminent philosopher in this period, Plutarch (c. 45–120), defended the freedom of the will and the immortality of the soul. He sought to show that God, in creating the world, had transformed matter, as the receptacle of evil, into the divine soul of the world, where it continued to operate as the source of all evil. God is a transcendent being, who operates through divine intermediaries, which are the gods and daemons of popular religion. Numenius of Apamea (c. 160) combined Platonism with neopythagoreanism and other eastern philosophies, in a move which would prefigure the development of neoplatonism.
MV Younara Glory
The oil tanker MV Younara Glory is one of the world's longest ships. She was built in 2004 at the Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering as Delos. She was later renamed DHT Condor, Younara Glory and then M Sophia in 2021. She is a crude carrier with tonnages of 320,051 tons deadweight (DWT) and 161,235 gross tonnage (GT). The overall length of the ship is 333.00 metres (1,092 ft 6 in), the extreme beam is 60.00 metres (196 ft 10 in) and the draught is 22.47 metres (73 ft 9 in). The cargo ship has total tank capacity for 340,584 cubic metres (2,142,210 bbl) at 98%.

Deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
You Can Dance – Po Prostu Tańcz! season 6
The sixth season of You Can Dance – Po prostu Tańcz began on 2 March 2011 on TVN. The dancers compete to win PLN 100,000 and a 3-month scholarship in dance school Broadway Dance Center, but first they have to go through auditions. Later, 36 contestants do the workshops abroad – this season in Casablanca, Morocco. This seasons on choreography camp special guest choreographer was Tyce Diorio. From fourteen people, two dancers are eliminated in each episode, to the final episode that features the top 2 contestants. For the first time the show is hosted by Patricia Kazadi. The judges are Agustin Egurolla, Michał Piróg and Kinga Rusin who joined the panel after hosting the five previous seasons.

Geneviève Dorion-Coupal
Geneviève Dorion-Coupal is a dancer, choreographer and artistic director native to Quebec, Canada. She has contributed to musicals, shows, theatre plays, and television programs. She has also made diverse incursions into the cinema and advertising.
Galleria (moth)
Galleria is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Galleriinae of the family Pyralidae. The genus was erected by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1798.

For a long time, Galleria remained a monotypic taxon, comprising only one species, until in 2020 a second species was described from South Korea.

Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in the "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification.
Drzewica
Drzewica [dʐɛˈvʲit͡sa] is a town in Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,778 inhabitants as of December 2021. From 1975 to 1998 the town was a part of Radom Voivodeship. Located on the Drzewiczka river (a tributary to the Pilica), in the northwestern corner of the historic province of Lesser Poland, Drzewica is home to Gerlach, a renowned cutlery manufacturer, founded in 1760 in Warsaw (since 1886 in Drzewica). In the first half of the 16th century, the Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland Maciej Drzewicki built here a rectangular-shaped castle, surrounded by a moat. The castle burned in 1814 and now is a well-preserved ruin.

Pilica (river)
The Pilica is a river in central Poland, and the longest left tributary of the Vistula river, with a length of 333 kilometres (8th longest). All 9,258 km2 of its basin area is in Poland.

It flows through the Polish Jura, after which it enters Central Polish Plains. Pilica flows into the Vistula near the village of Ostrowek, in a geographical region of Central Vistula Valley. In 1974, a dam was built near Sulejow, resulting in the creation of man-made reservoir Sulejow Lake, which has the area of 2,700 hectares. The region in the basin of the Pilica is sometimes called Nadpilicze, and the river itself marks boundary between Lesser Poland, and two other historical provinces of the country, Greater Poland and Mazovia.

The first "open-air river museum" in Poland, the Open-air museum of Pilica river, is located on the waterway and the Blue Springs nature reserve lies next to the river.
Claudia Ortiz de Zevallos
Claudia Ortiz de Zevallos Cano (born 9 November 1981) is a Peruvian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Perú 2003. On 9 April 2005 she was third runner-up in the Miss Asia Pacific pageant. Prior to that participation, she was a semi-finalist in both Miss Earth 2002 and Miss Universe 2003 pageants.

In 2016, she was a guest judge in the final Miss Peru 2016 pageant, celebrated in the Ecological Center and Studios of America Television Production, Pachacamac, Lima, Peru.

Pachacamac
Pachacámac (Quechua: Pachakamaq) is an archaeological site 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Lima, Peru in the Valley of the Lurín River. The site was first settled around A.D. 200 and was named after the "Earth Maker" creator god Pacha Kamaq. The site flourished for about 1,300 years until the Spanish invaded. Pachacamac covers about 600 hectares (1480 acres) of land.
Isaac T. Stoddard
Isaac Taft Stoddard (January 19, 1851 – November 10, 1914) was an American businessman. Born in the State of New York, he started in the insurance industry there and in Connecticut before turning his attention to copper mining in the Arizona Territory.  He owned either personally or with investors several mines in Yavapai County, built the first smelter in that part of the state, and secured the investment of over $1,000,000 in the mines to increase production. Another business venture was assisting out-of-territory corporations in incorporating in the territory. He served as the twelfth Secretary of the Arizona Territory from 1902 to 1904, but was forced to resign amid criticism over conflict between this business and his position as Secretary. He continued in mining and incorporating, and later became president of a telephone and telegraph company.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
Don't You Love Me (49ers song)
"Don't You Love Me" is a song by Italian house and Eurodance act 49ers. Produced by Gianfranco Bortolotti, it was released in 1990, by labels BCM and Media, as the fourth single from their debut album, 49ers (1990). It features a vocal sample from Jody Watley's 1987 hit "Don't You Want Me". On the European charts, it reached number 12 in the UK, number ten in Switzerland, number eight in Finland and number six in Ireland. In the US, it was the group's second and last number-one single on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, where it spent two weeks. "Don't You Love Me" was also the group's only entry on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 78.

Gianfranco Bortolotti
Gianfranco Bortolotti (Italian pronunciation: [dʒaɱˈfraŋko bortoˈlɔtti]; born 2 May 1959) is an Italian electronic music producer and manager of Media Records and Media Studio. He was a member of Cappella, and 49ers who had several hits, and Fits of Gloom, who had a UK No. 47 hit with "Heaven" and a UK No. 49 hit with "The Power of Love" featuring Lizzy Mack. In the United States, he scored a No. 1 single on Billboard's Dance Club Songs chart with "Deep in My Heart" as a member of the group Clubhouse in 1991.

Originally becoming a DJ to supplement his university days, he helped distribute records for DJ Pierre and after scoring a few minor hits, re-invested money back into Media Records. The success of Media enabled him to invest in at least ten different studios, producing hits at a sweatshop pace.
Philomena Garvey
Philomena Garvey (26 April 1926 – 5 May 2009) was an Irish amateur golfer, the daughter of James and Kathleen Garvey (née Owens). She was born in the village of Baltray, which is on the north shore of the Boyne estuary approximately four miles from the town of Drogheda.

Drogheda
Drogheda (/ˈdrɒhədə, ˈdrɔːdə/ DRO-həd-ə, DRAW-də; Irish: Droichead Átha [ˈd̪ˠɾˠɛhəd̪ˠ ˈaːhə] ⓘ, meaning "bridge at the ford") is an industrial and port town in County Louth on the east coast of Ireland, 43 km (27 mi) north of Dublin. It is located on the Dublin–Belfast corridor on the east coast of Ireland, mostly in County Louth but with the south fringes of the town in County Meath, 40 km (25 mi) north of Dublin city centre. Drogheda had a population of 44,135 inhabitants in 2022, making it the eleventh largest settlement by population in all of Ireland, and the largest town in the Republic of Ireland, by both population and area. The area of Drogheda that is in Co.Louth has 35,990 residents, while the area of Drogheda that is in Co. Meath has 8,145 residents, which make up the 44,135 total. It is the last bridging point on the River Boyne before it enters the Irish Sea. The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Newgrange is located 8 km (5.0 mi) west of the town.
Edmond Savard
Edmond Savard (October 26, 1862 – October 22, 1925) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Chicoutimi—Saguenay in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1925 as a Liberal.

He was born in Les Éboulements, Canada East, the son of Idas Savard and Démérise Tremblay, and was educated at the Séminaire de Chicoutimi and the Université Laval. Savard practised medicine in Chicoutimi. In 1889, he married Éva Robitaille. He served with Les Voltigeurs de Québec during the North-West Rebellion. Savard was mayor of Chicoutimi from 1902 to 1906. He served as coroner for Chicoutimi from 1904 to 1908 and was sheriff from 1907 to 1917. Savard was defeated by Joseph Girard when he ran a seat in the House of Commons in 1904. He died in Chicoutimi at the age of 62 a week before the 1925 federal election.

His brother Paul Vilmond also served in the House of Commons.

Coroner
A coroner is a government or judicial official who is empowered to conduct or order an inquest into the manner or cause of death. The official may also investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within the coroner's jurisdiction.

In Medieval England, English coroners were Crown officials who held financial powers and conducted some judicial investigations in order to counterbalance the power of sheriffs or bailiffs.

Depending on the jurisdiction, the coroner may adjudge the cause of death personally, or may act as the presiding officer of a special court (a "coroner's jury"). The term coroner derives from the same source as the word crown.
Skrīveri Municipality
Skrīveri Municipality (Latvian: Skrīveru novads) is a former municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was created in 2009 by the reorganization of Skrīveri Parish of the Aizkraukle district.

The administrative centre was Skrīveri. The population in 2020 was 3,337.

On 1 July 2021, Skrīveri Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Aizkraukle Municipality as Skrīveri Parish.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.