hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal (instrument)
A nocturnal is an instrument used to determine the local time based on the position of a star in the night sky relative to the pole star. As a result of the Earth's rotation, any fixed star makes a full revolution around the pole star in 23 hours and 56 minutes and therefore can be used as an hour hand. The 4-minute difference between the solar day and sidereal day requires a correction of this giant clock based on the date of observation, and nocturnal helps to apply this correction.

Sometimes called a horologium nocturnum (time instrument for night) or nocturlabe (in French and occasionally used by English writers), it is related to the astrolabe and sundial. Knowing the time is important in piloting for calculating tides and some nocturnals incorporate tide charts for important ports.

Local time
Local time is the time observed in a specific locality. There is no canonical definition. Originally it was mean solar time, but since the introduction of time zones it is generally the time as determined by the time zone in effect, with daylight saving time where and when applicable.  In some places this is known as standard time.

Some sources continue to use the term local time to mean solar time as opposed to standard time, but they are in the minority.  Terms such as local mean time also relate to solar time.
Rättvik
Rättvik  is a locality on the eastern shore of the lake Siljan and the seat of Rättvik Municipality, Dalarna County, Sweden, with 4,686 inhabitants in 2010. Its bandy club IFK Rättvik has reached the highest division Elitserien and has built an indoor arena. The local baseball team, Rättvik Butchers has won the Swedish cup once and the Swedish championship twice.

Girl in Rättvik folk costume, 1862, by Joseph van Lerius

Rättvik Church

View of Rättvik across the lake

The bandy arena

Dalarna County
Dalarna County (Swedish: Dalarnas län) is a county or län in central Sweden (Svealand). It borders on the counties of Uppsala, Jämtland, Gävleborg, Västmanland, Örebro and Värmland. It also borders on the Norwegian counties of Hedmark and Trøndelag to the west. It was formerly known as Kopparberg County (Swedish: Kopparbergs län) until the name was changed to that of the provincial region on 1 January 1997. The province of Dalarna is slightly larger than the county, as the westernmost part of Ljusdal Municipality belongs to it. Prince Gabriel, the son of Prince Carl Philip, is Duke of Dalarna.

The term Dalarna County is mainly used for administrative purposes; it is further divided into municipalities (kommuner). Dalarna County encompasses nearly all of the cultural and historical province of Dalarna (literally, "the valleys"). For the most part sparsely populated and with extensive tracts of wilderness, Dalarna County is almost as large as Belgium in terms of land area.
Bapatla Assembly constituency
Bapatla Assembly constituency is a constituency in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Bapatla Lok Sabha constituency.

Vegesana Narendra Varma Raju is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from YSR Congress Party. As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 183,917 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per Delimination Orders (1951).

YSR Congress Party
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (lit. 'Youth, Labour, and Farmer Congress Party', YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registered with Election Commission of India by Kolishetti Shiva Kumar. Thereafter, the party was taken over by its current president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, having served as the state's chief minister from 2019-2024. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
Barrington Reynolds
Admiral Sir Barrington Reynolds GCB (1786 – 3 August 1861) was a senior and long-serving officer of the British Royal Navy who went to sea with his father aged only nine during the French Revolutionary Wars and was captured by the French aged eleven. Returning to service on his release soon afterwards, Reynolds experienced the successive deaths of his elder brother and his father on active service during the Napoleonic Wars as well as severe bouts of ill-health himself. Leaving the service at the end of the war, Reynolds returned to the Navy in the 1840s after an absence of thirty years and played a major role in the final destruction of the illegal trade in African slaves to Brazil. Reynolds was honoured for this service and retired again to his family seat in Cornwall, where he died aged 75.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Kawinza
Kawinza is a village and archaeological site in Niafunké Cercle, Timbuktu Region, Mali. It was excavated extensively from 1984 by Téréba Togola, Michael Rainbault and Roderick and Susan McIntosh. Pottery such as vases and fragments were discovered in January of that year. They discovered tumuli here in 1986 and also in Toyla and Tissalaten. The Kawinza tumuli are dated to 670–880 AD.

Susan McIntosh
Susan McIntosh is an American anthropologist and archaeologist and has been the Herbert S. Autrey Professor of Anthropology at Rice University since 2012. She is known for her work at Djenné-Djenno in Mali and for her advocacy against looting of cultural artifacts.
Amudiyeh
Amudiyeh (Arabic: العامودية)  is a Syrian village located in Hish Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Amudiyeh had a population of 351 in the 2004 census.

Maarat al-Numan District
Maarat al-Numan District (Arabic: مِنْطَقَة مَعَرَّةُ نُعْمَانِ, romanized: Manṭiqat Maʿarrat Nuʿmān) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Maarat al-Numan. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 371,829.
Islam in the Gambia
Islam is the major religion in the Gambia, representing 97% of the 2 million population, with the first Muslim communities in the country arriving in 11th century. Islam has therefore had an influence on the Gambia throughout history, and continues to impact its culture, society and politics. The majority of The Gambia's Muslims are Sunni belonging to the Maliki school of jurisprudence, influenced with Sufism. There is a smaller Shiite community, largely stemming from Lebanese and Arab migration. The Ahmadiyya movement is also present. Other religious societies exist in the country, including Catholics, Protestants, Hindus and Traditional African religions.

African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.
Acrochordoidea
Acrochordoidea is a superfamily of snakes that contains only one extant family, the file snakes (Acrochordidae), as well as two extinct families, Nigerophiidae and Palaeophiidae. Members of this superfamily are largely aquatic in nature, with some species found in marine habitats, much as with the only distantly related sea snakes. Members of Palaeophiidae and Nigerophiidae could grow incredibly large and some species, such as members of the genus Palaeophis, were among the largest snakes to ever exist.

Palaeophis
Palaeophis ('ancient snake') is an extinct genus of marine snake that is the type genus of the extinct snake family Palaeophiidae.

Described species within this genus lived in the Eocene epoch, with some unnamed or questionable records from Cenomanian and Maastrichtian. Fossils of species within this genus have been found in England, France, Denmark, Morocco and Mali. Remains have also been found in North America, including Maryland and Virginia (from the early Eocene Nanjemoy Formation), Georgia and Mississippi.
Leon Klepper
Leon Klepper (24 April 1900 in Iași, Romania – 7 December 1991 in Freiburg Brsg., Germany) was a Romanian composer of classical music.

Born to a Jewish family in Iași, Klepper studied in Vienna with Joseph Marx, in Berlin with Franz Schreker and with Paul Dukas and Alfred Cortot (piano) in Paris, where he lived until 1939. From 1949 to 1959, he was a composition professor at the National University of Music Bucharest. Afterwards, he lived as a freelance composer and music teacher in Freiburg im Breisgau where he died in 1991 aged 91.

He composed two symphonic poems, a Festive Overture, a Concerto grosso, a Concertino for piano four hands, a partita for piano and orchestra, chamber music works and piano pieces. He wrote the film scores for The Family Ornament (Bijuterii de Familie), Romania, 1958 and Destroyed Citadel (Citadela Fărimată), Romania, 1957.

Concerto grosso
The concerto grosso (pronounced [konˈtʃɛrto ˈɡrɔsso]; Italian for big concert(o), plural concerti grossi [konˈtʃɛrti ˈɡrɔssi]) is a form of baroque music in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists (the concertino) and full orchestra (the ripieno, tutti or concerto grosso). This is in contrast to the solo concerto which features a single solo instrument with the melody line, accompanied by the orchestra.
AK Azad Khan
AK Azad Khan is a physician and a social worker from Bangladesh. In 2018, he was awarded the Independence Award for his contributions in social-welfare. He was appointed National Professor by the government of Bangladesh in 2021. On 1958, AK Azad Khan passed with highest marks in matriculation from Saint Alfred's High School in Padrishibpur. Later in 1960, he passed intermediate from Dhaka College and complete his medical degrees from Dhaka Medical College. AK Azad Khan's wife is the physician professor Kishowar Azad. Khan's father-in-law is the national professor and founder of BIRDEM, Muhammad Ibrahim. Khan has two sons Farook Azam Khan and Faiz Asif Khan.

Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) is a public medical college and hospital located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Established in 1946, the college houses a medical school as well as a tertiary care hospital on its campus.
Thracian warfare
The history of Thracian warfare spans from the 10th century BC up to the 1st century AD in the region defined by Ancient Greek and Latin historians as Thrace. It concerns the armed conflicts of the Thracian tribes and their kingdoms in the Balkans. Apart from conflicts between Thracians and neighboring nations and tribes, numerous wars were recorded among Thracian tribes.

Acinaces
The acinaces, also transliterated as akinakes (Greek ἀκῑνάκης) or akinaka (unattested Old Persian *akīnakah, Sogdian kynʼk) is a type of dagger or xiphos (short sword) used mainly in the first millennium BCE in the eastern Mediterranean Basin, especially by the Medes, Scythians, Persians and Caspians, then by the Greeks.

The acinaces, of Scythian origin, but made famous by the Persians, rapidly spread throughout the ancient world. The Romans believed that this weapon originated with the Medes.

The acinaces is typically 40–60 cm (16–24 in) in length and double-edged, and although there is no universal design, the guard may be lobed with the hilt resembling that of a bollock dagger, or the pommel may be split or of the "antenna" type. The scabbard – as much as anything else – defines the acinaces, and usually has a large decorative mount near the opening, allowing it to be suspended from a belt on the wearer's right side.
2026 Scarborough Southwest provincial by-election
A by-election will be held in the provincial riding of Scarborough Southwest in Ontario, Canada, following the resignation of incumbent NDP MPP Doly Begum on February 3, 2026. Premier Ford is not expected to call the by-election until the summer; the writ for the by-election must be issued by August 3, 2026 with the date of the by-election being a Thursday no later than 36 days after the writ is issued.

High Commission of Canada, London
The High Commission of Canada in the United Kingdom (French: Haut-commissariat du Canada au Royaume-Uni) is the diplomatic mission of Canada to the United Kingdom. It is housed at Canada House on Trafalgar Square in central London.
Ignacio Maria Napoli
Ignacio Maria Napoli (died ca. 1744; also known as "Padre Procurador") was an Italian Jesuit missionary to the Baja California peninsula. In 1723, he founded the Misión de Santiago de los Coras Aiñiní, which was located southwest of Bahía las Palmas. Napoli arrived in the Cora area of Aiñiní (now known as Santiago, Baja California Sur) around 1721. Replaced by Lorenzo Carranco, he was transferred to Sinaloa or Sonora by 1726. In 1736, he was directing the Yaqui missions at Huiribis, Pótam, and Rahum.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.
Lady Chelmsford
Lady Chelmsford was a Sydney Harbour ferry built in 1910 for the Balmain New Ferry Company. She and four similar ferries, Lady Denman (1912), Lady Edeline (1913), Lady Ferguson (1914), and Lady Scott (1914), were a new series of "Lady-class" ferries designed by naval architect Walter Reeks.

Lady Chelmsford and her four sisters survived the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and were converted to diesel power that decade. They also survived the 1951 NSW State Government takeover of the ailing ferry fleet.

Sold out of ferry service in 1971, Lady Chelmsford was rebuilt as a showboat in Adelaide and from 1985 she was used as a showboat in Melbourne. She sank at her moorings in Melbourne in 2008 and was broken up in 2011.

Huskisson, New South Wales
Huskisson is a village in New South Wales, Australia in the City of Shoalhaven, on the shores of Jervis Bay. It is 24 km (14MI) south-east of Nowra. Despite its relatively low population of 840 as of 2021 it is a tourist town with a relatively large amount of shops.
Reynolds Securities
Reynolds Securities was a publicly traded brokerage firm.  Founded in 1931 by Richard S. Reynolds Jr., the firm merged with Dean Witter & Co. to form Dean Witter Reynolds Organization Inc. in 1978, which was then the biggest merger in the history of Wall Street.

The firm's tagline, "We work for a world of investors.  One at a time." was adapted to "We measure success one investor at a time" and was used by Dean Witter and later Morgan Stanley.

Broker
A broker is a person or entity that arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller. This may be done for a commission when the deal is executed. A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. Neither role should be confused with that of an agent—one who acts on behalf of a principal party in a deal.
X-ray detector
X-ray detectors are devices used to measure the flux, spatial distribution, spectrum, and/or other properties of X-rays.

Detectors can be divided into two major categories: imaging detectors (such as photographic plates and X-ray film (photographic film), now mostly replaced by various digitizing devices like image plates or flat panel detectors) and dose measurement devices (such as ionization chambers, Geiger counters, and dosimeters used to measure the local radiation exposure, dose, and/or dose rate, for example, for verifying that radiation protection equipment and procedures are effective on an ongoing basis).

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
Upper Senegal and Niger
Upper Senegal and Niger (French: Haut Sénégal et Niger) was a colony in French West Africa, created on 21 October 1904 from colonial Senegambia and Niger by the decree "For the Reorganisation of the general government of French West Africa".: 15  It was split into French Upper Volta and French Sudan in 1920 and 1921.

At its creation, the "Colony of Upper Senegal and Niger" contained the old territories of Upper Senegal, the Middle Niger, and three military territories in Niger. The colonial region covered 300,000 square miles (780,000 km2) and the military region of Niger covered a further 50,000 square miles (130,000 km2).  Its capital was Bamako.: 1, 20, 42

Dori, Burkina Faso
Dori (also known as Winde or Wendu) is a town in northeastern Burkina Faso, near the border of Niger.  It is located at around 14°02′N 0°02′W﻿ / ﻿14.03°N 0.03°W﻿ / 14.03; -0.03. It is the capital of Sahel Region and has a population of 46,512 (2019). The main ethnic group is the Fula (Fulani) but Tuaregs and Songhai are often present. It is a town known for its herders and popular livestock markets.

Dori recorded a temperature of 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) in 1984, which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Burkina Faso.

In 2020, it was reported that the Emir of Liptako lived in Dori.
Coombe Brook
Coombe Brook is a 1 km (0.62 mi) long stream (brook) in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, London, England, that is a tributary to Beverley Brook, itself a tributary of the River Thames. Rising in Malden Golf Course in New Malden, Coombe Brook flows a northeasterly course through the golf course, then into a culvert under the Kingston By-pass section of the A3 road, before finally flowing into the Beverly Brook near Coombe on the boundary of the London Borough of Merton.

Historically, Coombe Brook flowed into Beverley Brook at Coombe Bridge, which had existed as early as 1745. In the 1930s, the bridge was demolished and converted into its current state—a box culvert.

Coombe, Kingston upon Thames
Coombe is a historic neighbourhood in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in south west London, England. It sits on high ground, east of Norbiton. Most of the area was part of the former Municipal Borough of Malden and Coombe before local government re-organisation in 1965. It now shares borders with the boroughs of Merton and Sutton with, to the north, the small, inter-related neighbourhoods of Kingston Hill and Kingston Vale, beyond which is Richmond Park in Richmond; and Roehampton/Putney Vale in Wandsworth. To the east are public playing fields and Wimbledon Common.
Lists of dragons
This is a list of lists of dragons.

List of dragons in mythology and folklore
Dragons in Greek mythology
Germanic dragon
Slavic dragon
European dragon
Chinese dragon
Japanese dragon
Korean dragon

List of dragons in popular culture

List of dragons in film and television

List of dragons in games

List of dragons in literature

Germanic dragon
Worm, wurm or wyrm (Old English: wyrm; Old Norse: ormr; Old High German: wurm), meaning serpent, are archaic terms for dragons (Old English: draca; Old Norse: dreki/*draki; Old High German: trahho) in the wider Germanic mythology and folklore, in which they are often portrayed as large venomous snakes and hoarders of gold. Especially in later tales, however, they share many common features with other dragons in European mythology, such as having wings.

Prominent worms attested in medieval Germanic works include the dragon that killed Beowulf, the central dragon in the Völsung Cycle – Fáfnir, Nidhogg (Old Norse: Níðhǫggr), and the great world serpent, Jǫrmungandr, including subcategories such as lindworms and sea serpents.
Hubert Bourdot
Hubert Bourdot (30 October 1861 – 30 September 1937) was a French Roman Catholic priest and mycologist who was a native of Imphy, a community in the department of Nièvre.

From 1898 until his death, Bourdot was a parish priest in Saint-Priest-en-Murat. He was a member of the Société mycologique de France, serving as its vice-president in 1919, and later becoming an honorary president (1929). He bequeathed his mycological collection to the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris.

With mycologist Amédée Galzin (1853–1925), he was co-author of a series of publications (1909–1925) involving Hymenomycetes native to France (published in the Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France).

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.