hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Relegatio
Relegatio (or relegatio in insulam) under Roman law was the mildest form of exile, involving banishment from Rome, but not loss of citizenship, or confiscation of property. It was a sentence used for adulterers, those that committed sexual violence or manslaughter, and procurers.

A notable victim of relegatio was Ovid.

Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, often called a pimp if male, or a madam if female, (though the term "pimp" is often used for female procurers as well) or a brothel keeper, is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing and possibly monopolizing a location where the prostitute may solicit clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.

Examples of procuring include: helping to support trafficking a person into a country for the purpose of soliciting sex; operating a business where prostitution occurs; transporting a prostitute to the location of their arrangement; and deriving financial gain from the prostitution of another.
Monoxenus bispinosus
Monoxenus bispinosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl Jordan in 1894, originally under the genus Apomempsis. It is known from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and the Central African Republic.

Karl Jordan (zoologist, born 1861)
Heinrich Ernst Karl Jordan (7 December 1861 – 12 January 1959) was a German-British entomologist. He took a special interest in the taxonomy and classification of butterflies, beetles and fleas. Jordan was a founder of the International Congress of Entomology.
Tigias
Tigias was a Roman-Berber town in the province of Africa Proconsularis in Byzacena. Its stone ruins are located in Henchir-Taus in the oasis of Kriz, Tunisia.

The city was also the seat of an ancient diocese, which remains a titular see of the Catholic Church. The current bishop is Robert Francis Hennessey of Boston who replaced Jean-Claude Hertzog in 2006.

Archdiocese of Boston
The Archdiocese of Boston (Latin: Archidiœcesis Bostoniensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in eastern Massachusetts in the United States. Its mother church is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston.

The Diocese of Boston was erected in 1808, branching off from the Diocese of Baltimore. It grew rapidly during the 19th century; today it is the fourth largest archdiocese in the United States. Starting in 2002, the archdiocese faced a sexual abuse scandal which touched off investigations of Catholic Church sexual abuse cases throughout the United States. Richard G. Henning is the archbishop.
Bryan Young (politician)
Bryan Rust Young (born January 14, 1800, near Bardstown, Nelson County, Kentucky – May 14, 1882 in Elizabethtown, Kentucky) was an American Whig Party politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Kentucky, representing that state's 5th Congressional District for one term in the Twenty-ninth United States Congress, from 1845 to 1847. Young later served several terms in the Kentucky State House of Representatives between 1858 and 1864.

Young came from a political family, being the brother of William Singleton Young and an uncle to John Young Brown.

Outside of his political career, Young practiced medicine, having studied that subject at the University of Louisville. Young owned slaves.

Elizabethtown, Kentucky
Elizabethtown is a home rule-class city in Hardin County, Kentucky, United States, and its county seat. The population was 31,394 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth-most populous city in the state. It is the principal city of the Elizabethtown metropolitan area, which is included in the Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown–Madison, Kentucky-Indiana combined statistical area. The Elizabethtown metropolitan area had a population of 125,569 in 2020.
Elizabeth Garrett
Helen Elizabeth Garrett, commonly known as Elizabeth Garrett or Beth Garrett (June 30, 1963 – March 6, 2016), was an American professor of law and academic administrator. On July 1, 2015, she became the 13th president of Cornell University—the first woman to serve as president of the university. She died from colon cancer on March 6, 2016, the first Cornell president to die while in office.

Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. Depending on the country, legal system, or desired qualifications, the coursework is undertaken at undergraduate, graduate, or both levels.
Suhorje
Suhorje (pronounced [suˈxoːɾjɛ]) is a village in the hills southwest of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The local parish church, built outside the settlement to the south, is dedicated to Saint Nicholas (Slovene: sveti Miklavž) and belongs to the Koper Diocese.

Diocese of Koper
The Diocese of Koper (Latin: Dioecesis Iustinopolitana; Slovene: Škofija Koper; Italian: Diocesi di Capodistria) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in southwestern Slovenia. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Ljubljana. Its cathedral is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary and is located in the Adriatic port town of Koper. A co-cathedral, the Co-Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, located in Nova Gorica, gained its status in 2004. The Latin name of the diocese, Dioecesis Iustinopolitana, is because Koper was in the past named Justinopolis in honour of the Byzantine emperor Justinian II.
Walter Wardle
Walter Thomas Wardle (born Southsea 22 July 1900; died 12 February 1982) was Archdeacon of Gloucester from 1949 until his death.

Wardle was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford; and Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was ordained Deacon in 1926; and Priest in 1927. After a curacy at Weeke he was an SPG Chaplain at Montana, Switzerland He was Rector of Wolferton with Babingley from 1929 to 1938; Vicar of Great Barrington and Little Barrington with Taynton, 1938 to 1943; and Vicar of Charlton Kings from 1943 to 1948 when he became a Canon Residentiary at Gloucester Cathedral, a post he held for the rest of his life.

Wardle was a Freemason, and a member of the Apollo University Lodge, Oxford, under the United Grand Lodge of England.: 139

Taynton, Gloucestershire
Taynton is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean district of Gloucestershire, England. It lies about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-east of Newent, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east of Mitcheldean and 7 miles (11 km) west of Gloucester. The parish covers 1,029 hectares (3.97 sq mi) At the time of the 2011 Census, the population of the parish was 438.
Prime Ministers of the Imperial Conference (October 1923)
Prime Ministers of the Imperial Conference (October 1923) is an oil on canvas painting by Douglas Chandor. It depicts the leaders present at the  1923 Imperial Conference, held in the conference room at 10 Downing Street, London, in 1923. In 1924, during the British Empire Exhibition, Wembley, it was on display on the staircase going up to the State Apartments.

The painting measures 335cm by 290cm. Each figure either sitting or standing around a table, is life-size and include seated from left to right: Stanley Bruce (Australia), Stanley Baldwin (United Kingdom), and McKenzie King (Canada). Standing from left to right are William Massey (New Zealand), the Jai Singh Prabhakar (Alwar), Tej Bahadur Sapru (India), W. T. Cosgrave (Ireland), W. R. Warren (Newfoundland), and General Smuts (South Africa).

A reproduction print was produced by Henry Graves. It was presented to the Northampton Corporation after the Australian government declined to keep it for an offer of £5,000.

Alwar
Alwar (Rajasthani Pronunciation: [əlʋəɾ]) is a city in Rajasthan and the administrative headquarters of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan. It is located 150 km south of Delhi and 150 km north of Jaipur.
Penkridge railway station
Penkridge railway station is a railway station serving the village of Penkridge in Staffordshire, England.

It is on the Birmingham loop of the West Coast Main Line. To the north, the line continues towards Stafford; to the south, the line continues towards the city of Wolverhampton.  The station is operated by West Midlands Railway.

Stafford
Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021 census, and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, founded a defensive burh; it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages and later grew into an important industrial town, due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.
Belp Steinbach railway station
Belp Steinbach railway station (German: Bahnhof Belp Steinbach) is a railway station in the municipality of Belp, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Gürbetal line of BLS AG.

Bern S-Bahn
The Bern S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Bern; French: RER Berne) is an S-Bahn commuter rail network focused on Bern, the capital city of Switzerland.  The network is roughly coterminous with Bern's urban agglomeration. Its services connect with those of Lucerne S-Bahn, RER Fribourg, RER Vaud and transN.

With approximately 9 million train kilometres per year, the Bern S-Bahn is the second-largest S-Bahn in Switzerland. It handles around 100,000 passengers daily (175,000 on weekdays), and thus carries the majority of the agglomeration's regional public transport traffic.
Frederick Marvin
Frederick Marvin (June 11, 1920 – May 11, 2017) was an American concert pianist and music scholar. He studied with  Milan Blanchet,  Artur Schnabel, Rudolf Serkin, and Claudio Arrau, who became Marvin’s mentor.   Marvin performed at New York's Carnegie Hall in 1948 and received an award for the best debut of the season.

Marvin moved to Syracuse, New York in 1968 where he was initially an artist-in-residence and later professor and head of the piano department at Syracuse University. He also was a visiting professor at the German Phillips University of Marburg.

He was the recipient of various grants including two Del Amo Foundation grants, three Fulbright Fellowships, and three grants from the United States-Spanish Joint Committee for Cultural and Educational Cooperation for his research on Soler.

He is known for rediscovering Antonio Soler and Jan Ladislav Dussek.

Artur Schnabel
Artur Schnabel (17 April 1882 – 15 August 1951) was an Austrian-born classical pianist, composer and pedagogue. Schnabel was known for his intellectual seriousness as a musician, avoiding pure technical bravura. Among the 20th century's most respected and important pianists, his playing displayed marked vitality, profundity and spirituality in the Austro-German classics, particularly the works of Beethoven and Schubert.

Music critic Harold C. Schonberg described Schnabel as "the man who invented Beethoven". Between 1932 and 1935, he made history by producing the first recording of the complete Beethoven piano sonatas. In 2018, the Library of Congress selected this recording to be placed in the National Recording Registry for its historical significance.
Battle of Vilppula
Battle of Vilppula was a Finnish Civil War battle fought in Vilppula and Ruovesi, Finland from 31 January to 18 March 1918 between the Whites and the Reds. Due to its location by the Tampere–Haapamäki railway, Vilppula was a gateway to the White-controlled Central Finland. The Reds were aiming to reach Haapamäki, 25 kilometres north of Vilppula, which was a vital junction of the east–west railways connecting the regions of Ostrobothnia, Häme and Karelia. From Haapamäki, the Reds would be able to reach the White stronghold in Southern Ostrobothnia, including their capital Vaasa. However, the attack along the railway was stopped in the beginning of February. The Reds now turned their attention to the village of Väärinmaja in order to reach Vilppula from southwest by the road connecting Ruovesi and Vilppula. This offensive also failed, and finally on 15 March, the Whites launched their own offensive and the Reds retreated south to defend the city of Tampere.

Karelia
Karelia (/kəˈriːliə, kəˈriːljə/; Karelian and Finnish: Karjala [ˈkɑrjɑlɑ]; Livvi: Karjal; Russian: Каре́лия, romanized: Kareliya [kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə], historically Коре́ла, Korela [kɐˈrʲelʲə]; Swedish: Karelen [kɑˈreːlen]) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is divided between northwestern Russia (the federal subjects of the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast) and Finland (the regions of South Karelia, North Karelia, and the eastern portion of Kymenlaakso).
Sherwood Wise
Sherwood Wise is an American academic geologist and currently a Professor of Geological Science at Florida State University, he also serves as co-director of the Antarctic Marine Geology Research Facility and participates in the ANDRILL (ANtarctic geological DRILLing) project. He is an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

ANDRILL
ANDRILL (ANtarctic DRILLing Project) is a scientific drilling project in Antarctica gathering information about past periods of global warming and cooling.

The project involves scientists from Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the United States. The project is based at McMurdo Station in Antarctica. At two sites in 2006 and 2007, ANDRILL team members drilled through ice, seawater, sediment and rock to a depth over more than 1,200 m (3,900 ft) and recovered a virtually continuous core record from the present to nearly 20 million years ago. In 2010, an ANDRILL team discovered a new species of sea anemone that lives on the underside of the Ross Ice Shelf.
The Perfect Son
The Perfect Son is a 2000 Canadian drama film written and directed by Leonard Farlinger. The film centres on Ryan (Colm Feore) and Theo (David Cubitt) Taylor, estranged brothers reunited by their father's death. Growing up, Ryan was the "perfect son" and Theo was the "black sheep" who struggled with drug addiction. When Ryan reveals that he is dying of AIDS, however, the brothers attempt to repair their relationship while Theo simultaneously tries to win back his ex-girlfriend Sarah (Chandra West).

The film premiered on September 14, 2000 in the Perspectives Canada stream at the Toronto International Film Festival.

David Cubitt
David Cubitt (born 18 March 1965) is an English-born Canadian television actor.

Born in England in 1965 to a Dutch mother, Jette, and an English father, David, he moved with his parents to Vancouver, British Columbia when he was six months old. He studied at Studio 58 there. He has starred in the Canadian series Traders and the American series Robbery Homicide Division.

He appeared as Det. Lee Scanlon in the series Medium.  He first appeared in season 1 and appeared until the show was cancelled after its seventh season. He appeared in the disaster miniseries 10.5 and 10.5: Apocalypse, and made his film debut in Alive: The Miracle of the Andes (1993), co-starring Ethan Hawke.
Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis is a family of orthopedic diseases of the joint that occur in children, adolescents and rapidly growing animals, particularly pigs, horses, dogs, and broiler chickens. They are characterized by interruption of the blood supply of a bone, in particular to the epiphysis, followed by localized bony necrosis, and later, regrowth of the bone. This disorder is defined as a focal disturbance of endochondral ossification and is regarded as having a multifactorial cause, so no one thing accounts for all aspects of this disease.

Osteochondrosis is a developmental disease. It usually occurs in an early stage of life. It has personified features as focal chondronecrosis and confinement of growth cartilage due to a failing of endochondral ossification. Fissures can develop from lesions over the top articular cartilage and form a cartilage flap and an osteochondral fragment. It is diagnosed as osteochondritis dissecans.

Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage is the glass-like (hyaline) and translucent cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is also most commonly found in the ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea. Hyaline cartilage is pearl-gray in color, with a firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.
Temin
Temin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Davia Temin, American writer, speaker, and management consultant

Howard Martin Temin (1934–1994), American geneticist and virologist

Kathy Temin (born 1968), Australian artist

Peter Temin (1937–2025), American economist and economic historian, brother of Howard

Davia Temin
Davia B. Temin is a writer, speaker, and management consultant based in New York. She is president and CEO of Temin and Company Incorporated, an international reputation, risk and crisis management, strategic marketing and media, and leadership coaching firm that specializes in crisis preparation, management, communication and recovery, as well as corporate governance and corporate culture consulting. She is the creator of the Temin Index, the largest known inventory of #MeToo accusations since sexual misconduct allegations surfaced against Bill Cosby. She is also the author of the "Reputation Matters" column of Forbes.com, and is a contributor for Huffington Post, American Banker, Directors & Boards, Corporate Board Member, Institutional Investor and Chief Executive Magazine.
Oliver Colwell
First Lieutenant Oliver Colwell (1834 to October 12, 1872) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Colwell received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Battle of Nashville in Tennessee on 16 December 1864. He was honored with the award on 24 February 1865.

Battle of Nashville
The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign that represented the end of large-scale fighting west of the coastal states in the American Civil War. It was fought at Nashville, Tennessee, on December 15–16, 1864, between the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Lieutenant General John Bell Hood and the Union Army of the Cumberland (Dept. of the Cumberland) (AoC) under Major General George H. Thomas. In one of the largest victories achieved by the Union army during the war, Thomas attacked and routed Hood's army, largely destroying it as an effective fighting force.
2005 Shelkovsk incident
The 2005 Shelkovsk incident was an incident in Chechnya where there was a mass outbreak of respiratory problems, seizures, and other symptoms suggestive of nervous system hypersensitivity alongside hallucinations, and "strange laughter" among children and teachers from specific schools. Doctors who treated the patients diagnosed them with "an intoxication of unknown aetiology". After the hospitalisation of 19 children and 3 adults on December 16, 2005, a government commission chaired by V Boriskina (Deputy Chief of Staff of Alu Alkhanov) with Russian military specialists and chemical defence officers called in. In total about 100 people, mostly children, were hospitalised with signs of poisoning.

Alu Alkhanov
Alu Dadashevich Alkhanov (Russian: Алу Дадашевич Алханов; born 20 January 1957) is a Russian politician and the former president of Russia's Chechen Republic. He is a career police officer who fought within the ranks of the Russian Armed Forces during the First Chechen War. He was elected as president on 30 August 2004. On 15 February 2007, Russian president Vladimir Putin dismissed Alkhanov as Chechen president and appointed him a Deputy Justice Minister of Russia.
Salmas railway station
Salmas railway station (Persian: ايستگاه راه آهن سلماس, romanized: Istgah-e Rah Ahan-e Salmas), also referred to as  Qareh Tappeh Railway Station (Persian: ايستگاه راه اهن قره تپه, romanized: Īstgāh-e Rāh Āhan-e Qareh Tappeh) is a village and railway station in Koreh Soni Rural District, in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 26 families. The station is located 11 km north of Salmas, the city it is primarily intended to serve, 26 km south of the city of Khoy, and 20 km southwest of Khoy Airport. The station is owned by IRI Railway.

Khoy
Khoy (Persian: خوی) is a city in the Central District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Occupied since Median times, it shares a long history as an important Christian center.
Mint 400 (album)
Mint 400 is the debut studio album by the Australian alternative rock band Ammonia, released on 16 October 1995 in Australia by Murmur and on 19 March 1996 in the US by Epic Records. The album takes its title from the off-road desert race described in Hunter S. Thompson's book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.

The album was produced by American producer Kevin Shirley (Led Zeppelin, Iron Maiden, Slayer). Recorded in ten days at Festival Studios in Sydney, the analogue recording captured the band's live sound, avoiding excessive overdubs and studio manipulation.

Mint 400 was an immediate success in Australia, debuting at No. 15 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Top 100 Albums Chart. The album went out of print in March 2002.

The car on the cover is a custom 1968 Pontiac GTO. In 2023, the album was re-issued as a limited-edition vinyl record, by Love as Fiction Records.

Murmur (record label)
Murmur was a record label that started as an imprint of Sony Music Australia in mid-1994. Named after R.E.M.'s first album, Murmur signed a number of Australia's most successful rock bands, including Silverchair, Ammonia, Something for Kate and Jebediah. Notable alumni of Murmur include John O'Donnell, a former Rolling Stone journalist who became the head of EMI Australia, and John Watson, who runs a music management company and independent record label Eleven.
The Surrender of Bailén
The Surrender of Bailén (Spanish: La Rendición de Bailén) is an 1864 history painting by the Spanish artist José Casado del Alisal. It commemorates a scene from the Battle of Bailén during the early stages of the Peninsular War, the surrender of a French Army under Pierre Dupont to Spanish forces on 19 July 1808. When Napoleon attempted to place his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne, it prompted a massive uprising and drew in assistance from Britain. The victory at Bailén became a popular symbol of Spanish resistance against the French invaders.

The Spanish commander Francisco Javier Castaños is shown gallantly accepting the surrender of Dupont. The composition of the work is inspired by the Golden Age picture The Surrender of Breda by Diego Velázquez. It is historically inaccurate, as the actual surrender took place at an inn in Andujar rather than on the battlefield and the senior commanders were not present. The painting is now shown in the Museo del Prado in Madrid.

Inn
Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for horses.

An innkeeper is the person who runs an inn.