hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Newton Brown Jr.
Henry Newton Brown Jr. (born December 30, 1941) is a former Louisiana appellate judge, legal lecturer, and former district attorney. He is serving his third 10-year elected term on the Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeal, based in Shreveport, having been elected in 1990, 2000, and 2010.

Louisiana Circuit Courts of Appeal
The Louisiana Circuit Courts of Appeal are the intermediate appellate courts for the state of Louisiana.

There are five circuits, each covering a different group of parishes.  Each circuit is subdivided into three districts.

As with the Louisiana Supreme Court, the regular judicial terms on the courts of appeal are ten years.

The courts of appeal are housed in the following cities in Louisiana:

First Circuit – Baton Rouge

Second Circuit – Shreveport

Third Circuit – Lake Charles

Fourth Circuit – New Orleans

Fifth Circuit – Gretna
Go-Toba-in no Shimotsuke
Lady Shimotsuke, attendant to retired Emperor Go-Toba (後鳥羽院下野, Go-Toba-in no Shimotsuke, dates unknown) was a waka poet and Japanese noblewoman active in the  Kamakura period.

Many of her poems appear in imperial poetry collections, including Shingoshūi Wakashū, Senzai Wakashū, Shokugosen Wakashū, Gyokuyō Wakashū, Shinsenzai Wakashū, Shinchokusen Wakashū, and others. She is designated as a member of the Female Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry (女房三十六歌仙, Nyōbō Sanjūrokkasen).

She is also known as Shinnō (信濃).

Senzai Wakashū
The Senzai Wakashū (千載和歌集; "Collection of a Thousand Years"), often abbreviated as Senzaishū, is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka poetry. Compiled in 1187 by Fujiwara no Shunzei at the request of the Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa, who ordered it in 1183. It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,285 poems.
Gates of Fire
Gates of Fire is a 1998 historical fiction novel by Steven Pressfield that recounts the Battle of Thermopylae through Xeones, a perioikos (free but non-citizen inhabitant of Sparta) born in Astakos, and one of only three  Greek survivors of the battle.

Gates of Fire stresses the literary themes of fate and irony as well as the military themes of honor, duty, stoicism, and esprit de corps.
 It has enjoyed popularity in the United States Armed Forces, being included on the 2011 and 2017 editions of the U.S. Army Chief of Staff's Professional Reading list and on the 2013 Commandant of the Marine Corps' Reading list.

Morale
Morale (/məˈræl/ mə-RAL, UK also /-ˈrɑːl/ -⁠RAHL) is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship. Morale is often referenced by authority figures as a generic value judgment of the willpower, obedience, and self-discipline of a group tasked with performing duties assigned by a superior. According to Alexander H. Leighton, "morale is the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose". With good morale, a force will be less likely to give up or surrender. Deliberately attempting to reduce another group's morale is called demoralization.  Morale is usually assessed at a collective, rather than an individual level. In wartime, civilian morale is also important.
CJ Bott
Catherine Joan Bott (born 22 April 1995) is a New Zealand professional footballer who plays as a left-back for A-League Women club Wellington Phoenix and for the New Zealand women's national team. She has previously played with FF USV Jena, Vittsjö GIK, Vålerenga, and Leicester City.

FC Carl Zeiss Jena (women)
FC Carl Zeiss Jena is a German women's football club from Jena, Thuringia. The club currently plays in the Bundesliga, the highest level of women's football in Germany. It is part of the FC Carl Zeiss Jena club.

Carl Zeiss Jena played regional women's football since 2016–17 but became more prominent, when it merged with FF USV Jena in 2020.
Timber trade
There are multiple market layers for wood products. Each country has its own domestic market that may be connected to a regional or global market. Timber supply to domestic markets in many tropical forest countries is largely provided by informal logging, namely chainsaw milling. Regional and global markets involve producer, passthrough, processing, and consumer countries.

China has become the largest overall importer of wood products. China's imports mostly become exports to other countries including the US, the EU, Japan, and the rest of the world.

In 2016, it is estimated that only 30% of primary tropical timber products on the European Union market were verified sustainable (either PEFC or FSC). If the main timber-consuming EU countries  (Germany, France, the UK, Netherlands, Italy, Belgium, and Spain) sourced only verified sustainable primary tropical timber, an estimated additional 5.3 million ha of tropical forests can be impacted.

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
The Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) is an international, non-profit, non-governmental organization which promotes sustainable forest management through independent third-party certification. As of 2006, it was considered the certification system of choice for small forest owners in Europe.

Its 48 endorsed national forest certification systems represent more than 280 million hectares (690×10^6 acres) of certified forests. This makes it the largest forest certification system in the world, covering about two-thirds of the globally certified forest area. It is based in Geneva, Switzerland.
Masaaki Satake
Masaaki Satake (Japanese: 佐竹 雅昭, Satake Masaaki; born August 17, 1965) is a Japanese former heavyweight karateka, kickboxer, professional wrestler and mixed martial artist. He is one of the pioneering heavyweight fighters in K-1, having been a member of Kazuyoshi Ishii's Seidokaikan school.

Unanimous decision
A unanimous decision (UD) is a winning criterion in several full-contact combat sports, such as boxing, kickboxing, Muay Thai, mixed martial arts and other sports involving striking and submission in which all three judges agree on which fighter won the match.

In boxing, each of the three judges keeps score (round by round) of which fighter they feel is winning (and losing). This only includes landed blows to the head or the body. In MMA, judges look for different criteria such as kicks, take-downs, punches, knees, elbows, cage control, submission attempts, and aggression. A decision is not required to be unanimous for a boxer or mixed martial artist to be given a victory. In the modern era of Olympic boxing, UD is utilized more often than other outcomes, including stoppages. Unanimous decision should not be confused with a majority decision or split decision.
Kossoy Sisters
The Kossoy Sisters are identical twin sisters (Irene Saletan and Ellen Christenson) who performed American folk and old-time music. Irene sang mezzo-soprano vocal, and Ellen supplied soprano harmony, with Irene on guitar and Ellen playing the five-string banjo in a traditional up-picking technique. Their performances were notable examples of close harmony singing. They began performing professionally in their mid-teens and are esteemed as a significant part of the popular folk music movement that started in the mid-1950s.

Close and open harmony
A chord is in close harmony (also called close position or close structure) if its notes are arranged within a narrow range, usually with no more than an octave between the top and bottom notes. In contrast, a chord is in open harmony (also called open position or open structure) if there is more than an octave between the top and bottom notes. The more general term spacing describes how far apart the notes in a chord are voiced. A triad in close harmony has compact spacing, while one in open harmony has wider spacing.

Close harmony or voicing can refer to both instrumental and vocal arrangements. It can follow the standard voice-leading rules of classical harmony, as in string quartets or Bach chorales, or proceed in parallel motion with the melody in thirds or sixths.
Menšík
Menšík (feminine: Menšíková) is a Czech and Slovak surname. It is sometimes Germanized as Menschick or Menschik. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Mensik (born 1987), American football player

Jakub Menšík (born 2005), Czech tennis player

Pavel Menšík (born 1968), Czech rower

Vladimír Menšík (1929–1988), Czech actor

Wolfram Menschick (1937–2010), German church musician

Eric Mensik
Eric Mensik (born December 18, 1987) is an American former football offensive tackle. He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football at Oklahoma from 2007 to 2010, beginning as a tight end and later moving to the offensive line. He was selected as a first-team All-Big 12 player after the 2010 college football season.  Mensik was signed by the Cardinals as an undrafted free agent following the end of the NFL lockout in 2011. He was waived on August 29, 2011.
Chrono Genesis
Chrono Genesis (Japanese: クロノジェネシス, foaled 6 March 2016) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse. She was one of the best two-year-old fillies in Japan when she won her first two races including the Ivy Stakes and then ran a close second in the Hanshin Juvenile Fillies. In the following year she won the Queen Cup and then contested all three legs of the Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown, finishing third in both the Oka Sho and the Yushun Himba before winning the Shuka Sho. As a four-year-old, she won the Kyoto Kinen, Takarazuka Kinen and Arima Kinen.

Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for Thoroughbreds, often restricted to three-year-olds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular, each having their own Triple Crown series.
Ben Bishop (tennis)
Ben Bishop Sr. is an American former professional tennis player.

Bishop is the son of an Air Force serviceman and as a result lived in several locations during his childhood, which included three years of high school in Wiesbaden, West Germany.

A 1966 graduate of Duxbury High School in Massachusetts, Bishop played collegiate tennis for the University of Miami, then competed on the professional tour in the 1970s. His career included qualifying draw appearances at the French Open and Wimbledon Championships.

Bishop is the grandfather of NHL goaltender Ben Bishop III.

Duxbury High School
Duxbury High School is a public high school located in the town of Duxbury, Massachusetts, United States, and operating in the Duxbury Public School District. The superintendent of the Duxbury Public School District is Danielle Klingaman, the assistant superintendent is Beth Wilcox and the principal of Duxbury High School is Todd Warmington. The building that houses the Duxbury Middle and High School is located at 71 Alden Street, Duxbury, MA and was newly constructed in 2014. The Duxbury High School mascot is the Dragons and its school colors are green, white, and silver.
Wolf Creek (Muskingum River tributary)
Wolf Creek is a tributary of the Muskingum River in the U.S. state of Ohio. It consists of two forks: the muddy fork, which begins toward Barlow, and the Clear Fork, which begins toward Chesterhill.  The Clear Fork has interesting whitewater with a ledge called Chipmunk Falls and several interesting rapids which could be classified as up to class IV in difficulty.  Wolf Creek also is the site of the Wolf Creek Recreation Center which once was the site of a 152-acre (0.62 km2) lake but it was destroyed by a flash flood in 1950.  Now this area located near McConnelsville is mostly used for hunting, fishing and hiking.  The Clear Fork and Muddy Fork of Wolf Creek merge and enter the Muskingum River near Waterford.

McConnelsville, Ohio
McConnelsville is a village in and the county seat of Morgan County, Ohio, United States, on the east bank of the Muskingum River. Located 21 miles (34 km) southeast of Zanesville and 26 miles (42 km) northwest of Marietta, the population was 1,667 at the 2020 census.
Amphidon
Amphidon is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic mammal from the Morrison Formation. It is present in stratigraphic zone five. Two species  have been named in the genus: Amphidon superstes and Amphidon aequicrurius, by Simpson in 1925.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Paraithurainathar temple
The Paraithurainathar Temple is a Hindu temple in the town of Thirupparaithurai, Karur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The presiding deity Paraithurainathar, a form of Shiva, is revered in the Tevaram, written by the Tamil saint-poets known as the Nayanmars. The temple is classified as a Paadal Petra Sthalam. The temple gives its name to the village of Thirupparaithurai.

The temple is a part of the series of temples built by Cholas along the banks of river Kaveri. It has several inscriptions dating back to the Chola period. The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 8 p.m., and many yearly festivals on its calendar. The annual Brahmotsavam (prime festival) during Vaikasi (May–June) and Aippasi Thulastam are the major festivals of the temple. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

Brahmotsava
A brahmotsava (Sanskrit: ब्रह्मोत्सवम्, romanized: brahmōtsavam), also rendered mahotsava and tiruvila (Tamil: திருவிழா, romanized: tiruviḻā) is the principal festival of a Hindu temple.

Commonly held in South India, the murtis of a temple's deities are dressed in silk garments, decorated with ornaments, garlands, and other paraphernalia. They are carried from the sanctum to the streets upon palanquins or chariots by adherents, accompanied by musicians and crowds of devotees, who ritually venerate the deity. Brahmotsavas are held in a grand-scale in major temples of Tamil Nadu, such as the Ranganathaswamy Temple of Srirangam, the Nataraja Temple of Chidambaram, and the Meenakshi Temple of Madurai.
Jefferson L. Ghrist
Jefferson L. Ghrist (born March 14, 1975) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing District 36 since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a member of the Caroline County Board of Commissioners from 2006 to 2014.

Caroline County, Maryland
Caroline County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,293.  Its county seat is Denton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

Caroline County is bordered by Queen Anne's County to the north, Talbot County to the west, Dorchester County to the south, Kent County, Delaware, to the east, and Sussex County, Delaware, to the southeast.
Todor Hristov (officer)
Todor Hristov, also known as "the Little officer", was a Bulgarian military officer, revolutionary, and Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization activist. He was a participant in the Ilinden Uprising and one of the members of the Forest Staff of the Krushevo Revolutionary Region.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Rautiainen
Rautiainen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jutta Rautiainen (born 1963), Finnish association football player

Matti Rautiainen (born 1955), Finnish ice hockey player

Pasi Rautiainen (born 1961), Finnish football manager and former player

Teemu Rautiainen (born 1992), Finnish professional ice hockey player

Timo Rautiainen (musician) (born 1963), Finnish heavy metal singer, guitarist and songwriter

Timo Rautiainen (co-driver) (born 1964), Finnish rally co-driver

Timo Rautiainen (musician)
Timo Aulis Rautiainen (born 25 January 1963 in Sulkava) is a Finnish heavy metal musician. He is best known as the singer and songwriter of Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus. He has also sung and played guitar in the bands Lyijykomppania and Aku Ankkuli.
Etlingera sayapensis
Etlingera sayapensis is a monocotyledonous plant species described by Axel Dalberg Poulsen and Ibrahim. Etlingera sayapensis is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Axel Dalberg Poulsen
Axel Dalberg Poulsen (7 April 1961, Holbaek, Denmark) is a Danish botanist, taxonomist and naturalist. His research interests are the flora of Denmark and its surroundings, taxonomy and evolution of gingers in a wide sense (families in the Ginger Order Zingiberales).
Meall Corranaich
Meall Corranaich (Scottish Gaelic: Meall Choire Inich) is a mountain with a height of 1,069 metres (3,507 ft) in the Grampian Mountains of Scotland. It lies on the northern shore of Loch Tay in Perthshire, and is part of the Ben Lawers group.

It is usually climbed from the northwest starting at Glen Lyon. The town of Aberfeldy lies to the east.

Loch Tay
Loch Tay (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Tatha) is a freshwater loch in the central highlands of Scotland, in the Perth and Kinross and Stirling council areas, the largest body of fresh water in Perth and Kinross. The watershed of Loch Tay traditionally formed the historic province of Breadalbane.

It is a long, narrow loch about 14.55 miles (23.42 km) long, and typically around 1 to 1.5 miles (1.6 to 2.4 km) wide, following the line of the strath from the south-west to north-east.  It is the sixth-largest loch in Scotland by area and more than 150 metres (490 ft) deep at its deepest.
Unemployed Councils
The Unemployed Councils of the USA (UC) was a mass organization of the Communist Party, USA established in 1930 in an effort to organize and mobilize unemployed workers.

The UC was the organizational successor of the Unemployment Council of New York, a broad-based organization established by various trade unions in New York City in the spring of 1921, during the economic downturn which followed the termination of the First World War. The organization was dissolved through merger into the Workers Alliance of America, a parallel organization affiliated with the Socialist Party of America, in April 1936.

Frances Fox Piven
Frances Fox Piven (born October 10, 1932) is an American professor of political science and sociology at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, where she has taught since 1982.

Piven is known equally for her contributions to social theory and for her social activism. A public advocate of the War on Poverty and subsequent welfare-rights protests both in New York City and on the national stage, she has been instrumental in formulating the theoretical underpinnings of those movements. Over the course of her career, she has served on the boards of the ACLU and the Democratic Socialists of America, and has also held offices in several professional associations, including the American Political Science Association and the Society for the Study of Social Problems. Previously, she had been a member of the political science faculty at Boston University.
Face-Off Classic
The Konica Minolta Face-Off Classic is an annual college lacrosse event played in Baltimore, Maryland early in the NCAA Division I season.  From 2007 to 2009, the event consisted of a doubleheader; in 2010 it was expanded to include a third game.  The event takes place in M&T Bank Stadium, the home field of the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League, and it was first held 2007. The event is hosted by the manufacturer Konica Minolta. The inaugural Face-Off Classic in 2007 set the attendance record for a regular season lacrosse-only event with 20,130 spectators. That was broken by the 2009 Big City Classic. The event was not held in 2014.

M&T Bank Stadium
M&T Bank Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. It has been the home of the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL) since its opening in 1998. The stadium is immediately adjacent to Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the home of the Baltimore Orioles.  Often referred to as "Ravens Stadium" or "The Bank", the stadium has a listed capacity of 70,745 and has been praised for its fan amenities, ease of access, concessions and other facilities.

The stadium was originally known as Ravens Stadium at Camden Yards, until PSINet acquired the naming rights in 1999, naming it PSINet Stadium. It then reverted to Ravens Stadium in 2002 when PSINet filed for bankruptcy. M&T Bank bought the naming rights in 2003 and signed a 15-year, $75 million contract with the Ravens, which was brokered by Team Services, LLC. The naming rights deal for M&T Bank Stadium was renewed in 2023, extending the name through 2037.
Channel access method
In telecommunications and computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows more than two terminals connected to the same transmission medium to transmit over it and to share its capacity. Examples of shared physical media are wireless networks, bus networks, ring networks and point-to-point links operating in half-duplex mode.

A channel access method is based on multiplexing, which allows several data streams or signals to share the same communication channel or transmission medium. In this context, multiplexing is provided by the physical layer.

A channel access method may also be a part of the multiple access protocol and control mechanism, also known as medium access control (MAC). Medium access control deals with issues such as addressing, assigning multiplex channels to different users and avoiding collisions. Media access control is a sub-layer in the data link layer of the OSI model and a component of the link layer of the TCP/IP model.

Bus network
A bus network is a network topology in which nodes are directly connected to a common half-duplex link called a bus.

A host on a bus network is called a station. In a bus network, every station will receive all network traffic, and the traffic generated by each station has equal transmission priority. A bus network forms a single network segment and collision domain. In order for nodes to share the bus, they use a medium access control technology such as carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) or a bus master.
Rwanda at the Paralympics
Rwanda made its Paralympic Games début at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney. It was represented by a single competitor, male swimmer Cesar Rwagasana. In 2004, Rwanda sent two runners: Olive Akobasenga and Jean de Dieu Nkundabera. Nkundabera won bronze in men's 800m race (T46 category). He was the country's sole representative in 2008, entering the same event, but this time failed to advance past the heats.

Rwanda has never participated in the Winter Paralympics.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.