hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matthew Dubourg
Matthew Dubourg (1703 – 3 July 1767) was an English violinist, conductor, and composer who spent most of his life in Ireland. Among other achievements, Dubourg led the orchestra at the premiere of Georg Friedrich Handel's great oratorio Messiah.

Premiere
A premiere, also spelled première, (from French: première, 1re, transl. first, 1st) is the debut (first public presentation) of a work, i.e. play, film, dance, musical composition, or even a performer in that work.
Klamath Agency, Oregon
Klamath Agency is an unincorporated community in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. The community is located on Oregon Route 62, adjacent to the confluence of Agency Creek and Crooked Creek. The Klamath Agency is now home to the Sage Community Charter School.

Oregon Route 62
Oregon Route 62 is an Oregon state highway that runs between the city of Medford, and U.S. Route 97 between Chiloquin and Klamath Falls. The highway approaches Crater Lake National Park from the south, and is known as the Crater Lake Highway. While the highway is signed east-to-west, it is in reality shaped somewhat like a horseshoe; heading north-northeast from Medford, turning east as it approaches the park, and then turning south-southeast as it approaches Klamath Falls. Oregon Route 140 intersects with OR 62 in White City and Oregon Route 66 (which runs directly between Ashland and Klamath Falls). These are more direct routes between Medford and Klamath Falls. Route 62 comprises a portion of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway.
Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander
Villa del Rosario is a Colombian municipality and city located in the eastern part of North Santander department. It is part of the Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta. The municipality is bordered to the north by Venezuela and the municipality of Cúcuta, to the south by the municipalities of Ragonvalia and Chinácota, to the east by Venezuela and to the west by the municipality of Los Patios.

Municipalities of Colombia
The municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia.   Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia, with 1,104 municipalities (municipios). Each one of them is led by a mayor (alcalde) elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments.

The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the Federación Colombiana de Municipios (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the constitutional right to free association to defend their common interests.
Rousměrov
Rousměrov is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Rousměrov lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 33 km (21 mi) east of Jihlava, and 136 km (85 mi) south-east of Prague.

Žďár nad Sázavou
Žďár nad Sázavou (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʒɟaːr ˈnat saːzavou]; German: Saar) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants. The town is an industrial and tourist centre. It is known for the Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Prochilodus nigricans
Prochilodus nigricans, or black prochilodus, is a species of prochilodontid fish from the Amazon Basin in South America. It supports major fisheries; according to IBAMA, it is the third most caught taxon in the Brazilian Amazon by weight, after Brachyplatystoma vaillantii and Semaprochilodus spp. The black prochilodus is migratory, moving between different parts of the Amazon. The black prochilodus reaches up to 45 cm (18 in) in total length and 1.2 kg (2.6 lb) in weight.

Brachyplatystoma vaillantii
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii, the Laulao catfish, piramutaba or piramuta, is a species of catfish of the family Pimelodidae that is native to Amazon and Orinoco River basins and major rivers of the Guianas and northeastern Brazil.
Shakalya
Shakalya (IAST: Śākalya) was an ancient Indian grammarian and scholar of the Late Vedic period (c. 700 BCE). His personal name or epithet was Vidagdha ("clever"). Since he was the son of the Vedic sage Śakala, he was also called as Śākalya. Shakalya was a disciple of Satyasri and belonged to the school of Paila. He was a contemporary and rival of Yajnavalkya.

He is supposed to have revised the Vedic texts and written their Pada-pāṭha. He is often quoted by Pāṇini and the writers of the Prātiśākhya, treatises on phonetics. His Padapāṭha of the Rigveda was one of the early attempts in the direction of linguistic analysis; he broke down the samhita text of the Rig Veda into words, identifying even the separate elements of compound words. Indologist Frits Staal has therefore described him as "the first great linguist in human history".

Linguistic description
In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or how it was used in the past) by a speech community.

All academic research in linguistics is descriptive; like all other scientific disciplines, it aims to describe reality, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be. Modern descriptive linguistics is based on a structural approach to language, as exemplified in the work of Leonard Bloomfield and others. This type of linguistics utilizes different methods in order to describe a language such as basic data collection, and different types of elicitation methods.
Alan Loy McGinnis
Alan Loy McGinnis (10 November 1933 in Friendswood, Texas – 9 January 2005 in Glendale, California) was an author, Christian psychotherapist, and the founder and director of the Valley Counseling Center in Glendale, California, United States. He was also the minister of Grandview Presbyterian Church around 1970.

Friendswood, Texas
Friendswood is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is part of the Greater Houston metropolitan area.  The city lies in Galveston and Harris counties.  As of the 2020 census, the population of Friendswood was 41,213.
Christiandy Sanjaya
Christiandy Sanjaya, born Bong Hon San (Chinese: 黃漢山; pinyin: Huáng Hànshān; born 29 March 1964) is an Indonesian politician who served as senator for the Regional Representatives Council from 2019 to 2024. Previously, he served as Vice Governor of West Kalimantan between 2008 and 2018. He was elected to the post together with his running mate, incumbent Governor Cornelis, after winning the 2007 West Kalimantan gubernatorial election. They were re-elected for the second term on the 2012 West Kalimantan gubernatorial election.

Regional Representative Council
The Regional Representative Council (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD; alternatively translatable as the House of Regions or the House of Regional Representatives or the Senate of Indonesia), is one of two parliamentary chambers in Indonesia. Together with the House of Representatives (DPR), it makes up the Indonesian national legislative body, the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR). Under Indonesia's constitution, the authority of the DPD is limited to areas related to regional governments and can only propose and give advice on bills to the DPR. Unlike the DPR, the DPD has no direct law-making power. Its members are referred to as senators on the official DPD X page.
Team Dunedin
Team Dunedin is a former local body ticket which contested local elections in Dunedin, New Zealand. Team Dunedin contested the 2022 Dunedin mayoral and City Council elections. The ticket's leader Jules Radich was elected as Mayor of Dunedin while Brent Weatherall, Andrew Whiley and Kevin Gilbert were elected as councillors.

Team Dunedin did not participate in the 2025 Dunedin mayoral and city council elections. Radich stood as an independent mayoral candidate while Whiley and Gilbert endorsed Cr Sophie Barker as a mayoral candidate.

St Clair, New Zealand
St Clair is a coastal residential suburb of Dunedin, New Zealand. It is located on the Pacific Ocean coast five kilometres from the city centre on the southwesternmost part of the coastal plain which makes up the southern part of the urban area, and also climbs the slopes of Forbury Hill immediately to the west of this plain. According to the New Zealand Census, St Clair's population in 2023 was 2,470.
Horčička
Horčička is a Czech family name. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Sinapius-Horčička, Slovak baroque writer

František Horčička (1776–1856), Czech painter

Luboš Horčička (born 1979), Czech ice hockey goaltender

František Horčička
František Horčička (German: Franz Horcziczka; 29 June 1776 – 5 April 1856) was a Czech history and portrait painter. Along with painters Antonín Machek and František Tkadlík and sculptor Václav Prachner, he was among the first local artists to reimagine Neoclassicism using Romantic ideas.
Wissembourg
Wissembourg (French pronunciation: [visɑ̃buʁ] ⓘ; South Franconian: Weisseburch [ˈvaɪsəbʊʁç]; German: Weißenburg [ˈvaɪsn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

Wissembourg was a sub-prefecture of the department until 2015. The name Wissembourg is a Gallicized version of Weißenburg (Weissenburg) in German meaning "white castle". The Latin place-name, sometimes used in ecclesiastical sources, is Sebusium.

The town was annexed by France after 1648 but then incorporated into Germany in 1871. It was returned to France in 1919, but reincorporated back into Germany in 1940. After 1944 it again became French.

South Franconian German
South Franconian (German: Südfränkisch) or South Rhine Franconian (German: Südrheinfränkisch) is an Upper German dialect which is spoken in the northernmost part of Baden-Württemberg in Germany, around Karlsruhe, Mosbach and Heilbronn. Like closely related East Franconian, it is a transitional dialect, which unites elements of Central German and Upper German.

The language area is located in the transient zone between Rhine Franconian dialects (Hessian and Palatinate German) in the north and Alemannic German (Low Alemannic and Swabian German) in the south. South Franconian is one of the High German dialects with the lowest number of speakers. South Franconian is not considered a separate dialect by some observers. The scope of South Franconian is disputed.
Aaron Turner (American football)
Aaron Turner (born c. 1971) was an American football player.  He played college football for the Pacific Tigers football team from 1989 to 1992. In 11 games during the 1991 season, he caught 92 passes for 1,604 yards and 18 touchdowns. He led the NCAA major colleges that year in receiving yards. He led the Big West Conference in receiving yards for three consecutive seasons from 1990 to 1992. From 1989 to 1992, he caught 266 passes for 4,345 yards and 43 touchdowns.  In 2005, he was hired as the wide receivers coach at Saint Mary's College of California. He was inducted into the University of the Pacific Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007.

Saint Mary's College of California
Saint Mary's College of California is a private Catholic college in Moraga, California, United States. Established in 1863, it is administered by the De La Salle Brothers. The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs with a total student count at under 4,000 as of 2018.
Manapla
Manapla, officially the Municipality of Manapla,  is a municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 55,882 people.

The town is notable for its signature delicacies puto and pinasugbo.

Poblacion
Poblacion (from Spanish población, meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It may consist of a single barangay or multiple barangays. Colloquially, the poblacion area is also referred to as the bayan (see also other definitions of bayan), plaza, or centro.
Releasing the Demons
"Releasing the Demons" is a song by American rock band Godsmack from their third studio album, Faceless. It was written by frontman Sully Erna. Sully borrowed the almost-whispered opening lyric "What do you see in the dark, when the demons come for you?" from the 1993 Clint Eastwood movie, In the Line of Fire.

Faceless (Godsmack album)
Faceless is the fourth studio album by American rock band Godsmack. It's the first album to feature drummer Shannon Larkin. The album was released on April 8, 2003.

The songs "I Stand Alone" and "Straight Out of Line" had Grammy nominations for 'Best Rock Song' and 'Best Hard Rock Performance' respectively.
1936 Taiwanese prefectural elections
The prefectural assembly elections (Japanese: 州會議員選舉) were held on 12 November 1936 in Taiwan under Japanese rule. According to the Japanese law, half members of prefectural assembly shall be elected by the members of local assembly and the other half be appointed by the Governor-General (總督). In this time, 76 seats from five prefectural assemblies were open for election. Voting was done by Electoral colleges (EC) form by the 3,600 members of local assemblies. Half of them (1,800) were directly elected in the previous year, the other half were appointed by the prefectural governor (州知事). In this election, the first division of electoral districts were implemented in Taiwan.

Electoral college
An electoral college is a body of representatives empowered to formally select a candidate for a specific office, most often the head of state. Electoral colleges exist in several countries and may serve to balance regional representation or ensure indirect election mechanisms. It is mostly used in the political context for a constitutional body that appoints the head of state or government, and sometimes the upper parliamentary chamber, in a democracy. Its members, called electors, are elected either by the people for this purpose (making the whole process an indirect election) or by certain subregional entities or social organizations.

If a constituent body that is not only summoned for this particular task, like a parliament, elects or appoints certain officials, it is not referred to as "electoral college" (see e.g. parliamentary system). Also, other appointing bodies (like committees appointing judges, as in Canada or Germany) normally do not fall into this definition.
USS Impeccable (AM-320)
USS Impeccable (AM-320) was an Auk-class minesweeper built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was originally ordered as HMS Brutus (BAM-7) for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy under Lend-Lease, but was acquired and renamed by the United States Navy before construction began. She was commissioned in 1944 and served in the Pacific before being decommissioned in 1947. After the outbreak of hostilities in Korea, Impeccable was recommissioned in 1952 and served off Korea through 1952. She was decommissioned for the final time in October 1955 and placed in reserve. She was sold for scrapping in 1974.

Sasebo
Sasebo (佐世保市, Sasebo-shi) is a core city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the second-largest city in Nagasaki Prefecture, after its capital, Nagasaki. As of 1 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 230,873 in 102,670 households, and a  population density of 540 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 426.01 km2 (164.48 sq mi).
François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil
François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil (17 April 1686 – 7 January 1743 in Issy) was a French nobleman. He was minister for war twice under Louis XV. He was also chancelier, garde des sceaux de la Maison de la reine and commander, provost and grandmaster of ceremonies to the Order of the Holy Spirit (1721–1743).

He was a member of the Le Tonnelier de Breteuil family. He was the marquis of Fontenay-Trésigny, sire de Villebert, seigneur de Breteuil, du Mesnil-Chassemartin, des Chapelles, de Villenevotte et de Palaiseau, baron de Boitron et de Preuilly.

Minister of the Armed Forces (France)
The Minister of the Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs (French: Ministre des Armées et des Anciens combattants, lit. 'Minister of the Armies and Veterans') is the leader and most senior official of the French Ministry of the Armed Forces, tasked with running the French Armed Forces. The minister is the third-highest civilian having authority over France's military, behind the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister. Based on the governments, they may be assisted by a minister or state secretary for veterans' affairs.

The office is considered to be one of the core positions of the Government of France. The previous minister Bruno Le Maire, resigned on 6 October 2025.
Dirac large numbers hypothesis
The Dirac large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is an observation made by Paul Dirac in 1937 relating ratios of size scales in the Universe to that of force scales. The ratios constitute very large, dimensionless numbers: some 40 orders of magnitude in the present cosmological epoch. According to Dirac's hypothesis, the apparent similarity of these ratios might not be a mere coincidence but instead could imply a cosmology with these unusual features:

The strength of gravity, as represented by the gravitational constant, is inversely proportional to the age of the universe:

The mass of the universe is proportional to the square of the universe's age: .

Physical constants are actually not constant. Their values depend on the age of the Universe.

Stated in another way, the hypothesis states that all very large dimensionless quantities occurring in fundamental physics should be simply related to a single very large number, which Dirac chose to be the age of the universe.

Age of the universe
In Big Bang models of physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the cosmological time back to the point when the scale factor of the universe extrapolates to zero. Modern models calculate the age now as 13.863 billion years. Astronomers have two different approaches to determine the age of the universe. One is based on a particle physics model of the early universe called Lambda-CDM, matched to measurements of the distant, and thus old features, like the cosmic microwave background. The other is based on the distance and relative velocity of a series or "ladder" of different kinds of stars, making it depend on local measurements late in the history of the universe. 
These two methods give slightly different values for the Hubble constant, which is then used in a formula to calculate the age. The range of the estimate is also within the range of the estimate for the oldest observed star in the universe.
2019 Women's Herald Sun Tour
The 2019 Women's Herald Sun Tour sponsored by Lexus of Blackburn was a women's cycle stage race held in Victoria, Australia, from 30 to 31 January 2019. The 2019 edition was the second edition of the race and centred around Phillip Island and Churchill. The race was won by Lucy Kennedy.

Lucy Kennedy (cyclist)
Lucy Kennedy (born 11 July 1988) is an Australian former racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Women's WorldTeam Team BikeExchange.

A former triathlete, track and cross country runner, Kennedy was the recipient of the 2017 Amy Gillett Scholarship to do a European tour of races with the High5 Australian Development Team. She has degrees in Civil Engineering, and Commerce, working as a traffic modeller. Kennedy joined UCI Women's Team Mitchelton–Scott for the 2018 season.

In August 2021 she announced that she would retire from professional cycling at the end of the season.
Anaspis
Anaspis is a large genus of beetles belonging to the family Scraptiidae. These small beetles are sometimes falsely called tumbling flower beetles (Family:Mordellidae) as they occur in large numbers on flowers and have a habit of tumbling to the ground when disturbed. They do not have a vernacular common name, but some recent authors have coined the name false flower beetles, though this is used for their taxonomic family as well.

Anaspis beetle larvae relies on decomposition of wood for energy. While adult Anaspis beetles consume pollen.

Mordellidae
The Mordellidae are a family of beetles commonly known as tumbling flower beetles for the typical irregular movements they make when escaping predators, or as pintail beetles due to their abdominal tip which aids them in performing these tumbling movements. Worldwide, there are about 1500 species.
MOSST Payments
MOSST Payments is a Ukrainian payment system that provides a money transfer system using debit and credit cards as well a system for accepting cards and a QR code payment system. Both banks and non-bank financial institutions participants in the payment system.

Non-bank financial institution
A non-banking financial institution (NBFI) or non-bank financial company (NBFC)  is a financial institution that is not legally a bank; it does not have a full banking license or is not supervised by a national or international banking regulatory agency. NBFC facilitate bank-related financial services, such as investment, risk pooling, contractual savings, and market brokering. Examples of these include hedge funds, insurance firms, pawn shops, cashier's check issuers, check cashing locations, payday lending, currency exchanges, and microloan organizations.

In 1999, Alan Greenspan identified the role of NBFIs in strengthening an economy, as they provide "multiple alternatives to transform an economy's savings into capital investment which act as backup facilities should the primary form of intermediation fail." Operations of non-bank financial institutions are not typically covered under a country's banking regulations.
Diego Poyet
Diego Poyet González (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdjeɣo poˈʝet]; born 8 April 1995) is a football coach and former player who is the assistant manager of K League 1 side Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors. His father is former Uruguay international footballer Gus Poyet.

A midfielder, he began his career at Charlton Athletic, where he was their 2013–14 Player of the Season despite not featuring in the first team until January. In July 2014, he was signed by West Ham, who have loaned him to Huddersfield Town, Milton Keynes Dons and Charlton.

Poyet has played for England at under-16 and under-17 levels and for Uruguay at under-20 level.

K League 1
The K League 1 (Korean: K리그1) is a professional association football league in South Korea and the highest level of the South Korean football league system. The league is contested by twelve clubs. It is one of the most successful leagues in the Asian Football Confederation, with its past and present clubs having won a record twelve AFC Champions League titles.
Macktown Historic District
The Macktown Historic District is a national historic district encompassing the remains of the Macktown settlement in Winnebago County, Illinois. Established in the late 1830s at the confluence of the Pecatonica and Rock Rivers, Macktown was one of the first settlements in northern Illinois. The community was a major trading post along the Galena–Chicago Trail and was the site of the region's first bridge across the Rock River.

Two buildings remain standing from the original settlement. The Stephen Mack House, a Greek Revival structure built in 1839, was the home of eponymous Macktown founder and Winnebago County pioneer Stephen Mack. The Whitman Trading Post is a limestone building completed in 1846.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 5, 1978. It is located within the Macktown Forest Preserve and is managed by Macktown Living History.

Winnebago County, Illinois
Winnebago County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 285,350 making it the seventh most populous county in Illinois behind Cook County and its five surrounding collar counties. Its county seat is Rockford. Winnebago County is the central county of the Rockford metropolitan area.