hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Blagrove
William Blagrove was a bookseller, publisher and librarian in Boston, Massachusetts, in the early 19th century. He ran the Union Circulating Library, a subscription library on School Street, from 1804 through 1811.  As a publisher, he issued "a chaste collection of amatory and miscellaneous songs, designed chiefly for the ladies" in 1808.

In 1805 his uncle, William Pelham, published The Elements of Chess, "one of the earliest works upon chess published in the United States, and the first of its kind printed at Boston. The editor of this volume — (that the book was edited by some chessplayer at the time of its publication is apparent from an exceedingly interesting appendix, containing much new and original matter) — was undoubtedly a nephew of Mr. Pelham's, named William Blagrove, who is known to have been an enthusiast of chess, and a player of merit."

Blagrove married Nancy Pelham; children included William Pelham (b. 1808).

Subscription library
A subscription library (or membership library) is a library that is financed by private funds either from membership fees or endowments. Historically, they are predecessors to the public library as it is known today. Unlike a public library, access is often restricted to members, but access rights can also be given to non-members, such as students. Through time, different library types have been grouped under this term, but may represent the following library models. A library formed as a joint stock company can be called a proprietary model. Some libraries allowed individuals who were not stock holders to subscribe for given time periods, and were thusly labeled subscription libraries. Athenaeums were similar to social libraries and provided the additional benefit of scholarly publications and cultural programming. The term mechanics or mercantile library refers to institutions established, often by benefactors, for the benefit of the working class.
Open de Suède Vårgårda
Open de Suède Vårgårda was an elite professional women's road bicycle event held annually in the Vårgårda Municipality of Sweden. Created in 2006, the Open de Suède Vårgårda was part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup until 2015 and sanctioned by the Swedish Cycling Federation. Since 2008, a team time trial has been held in conjunction with the main race as a part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. From 2016, the race was part of the new UCI Women's World Tour.

In January 2023, the Vårgårda Cykelklubb ceased the organisation of the races due to economic reasons.

UCI Women's World Tour
The UCI Women's World Tour is the premier annual female elite road cycling tour. As of 2025, the tour includes 27 events in Europe, Asia and Oceania – with one-day races such as Strade Bianche Donne and Paris–Roubaix Femmes, stage races such as Women's Tour Down Under, as well as week long stage races (sometimes referred to as a "Grand Tour") such as Tour de France Femmes.
Gold Rush (Slagharen)
Gold Rush is a steel launched roller coaster at Attractiepark Slagharen in Slagharen, Overijssel, of the Netherlands. The coaster is manufactured by Gerstlauer and replaced the aging Thunder Loop attraction, which now operates in Cyprus. Gold Rush is heavily themed to the 1849 California Gold Rush, and features the first (and currently only) triple launch system on a Dutch roller coaster.

Overijssel
Overijssel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌoːvərˈɛisəl] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Oaveriessel [ˌɒːvərˈiːsl̩]; German: Oberyssel; lit. 'Outer IJssel') is a province of the Netherlands located in the eastern part of the country. The province borders Drenthe to the north, Friesland to the north-west, Flevoland (and a small part of the IJsselmeer) to the west, Gelderland to the south and west, and Germany's states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia to the east. Overijssel had a population of about 1,184,000 as of January 2023.

The province's name comes from the perspective of the Episcopal principality of Utrecht, which held the territory until 1528. The capital city of Overijssel is Zwolle (pop. 132,441) and the largest city is Enschede (pop. 161,235). The land mostly consists of grasslands and some forests (including Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park).
Leopard Cave, Namibia
Leopard Cave is an archaeological rock shelter site located in the Erongo region of Namibia. Described as a Later Stone Age site, Leopard Cave has a large and varied archaeological record. Evidence for extensive ochre processing has been found at the site, as well as a few examples of rock art. There is also evidence for a few different forms of stone tool creation, as well as a robust record of bone ornaments. Leopard Cave presents a large assemblage of animal remains, of which interpretations have changed as more advanced research has been conducted. From its discovery in 2006, Leopard Cave has been subject to many different varieties of archaeological research, and has added to understanding of Later Stone Age peoples in Southern Africa.

Ochre
Ochre (/ˈoʊkər/ OH-kər; from Ancient Greek  ὤχρα (ṓkhra) from  ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale') is a family of natural clay earth pigments, made up of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand, ranging in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. The term is also used for the colours produced by this pigment, especially a light brownish-yellow. A variant of ochre containing a large amount of hematite, or dehydrated iron oxide, has a reddish tint known as red ochre (or, in some dialects in England, ruddle). The term "ochre" is colloquially used to cover a range of different substances used for their colours in Aboriginal Australian art and ceremonial decoration, for instance the clay known as "white ochre" or "pipe clay" is derived from kaolin or gypsum.
Perunchery
Perunchery is a village located in the Mayiladuthurai Taluk, Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The village is 8 km from Mayiladuthurai. It's a village panchayat having around 2500 voters including the hamlets of Thargavanam, Sundarappansavadi and Mettupakkam. Agriculture is the major occupation and boreholes are the major source of water for irrigation in the village. People from various communities and religions live here and the population is 3157.(Male population:1568, Female population:1589)

Mayiladuthurai district
Mayiladuthurai district is an administrative district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It was formed in 2020 by the division the Nagapattinam district. The district is named after its headquarters, Mayiladuthurai. It is situated in the Cauvery Delta region.
Gfarm file system
Gfarm file system is an open-source distributed file system, generally used for large-scale cluster computing and wide-area data sharing, and provides features to manage replica location explicitly. The name is derived from the Grid Data Farm architecture it implements.

Grid Datafarm is a petascale data-intensive computing project initiated in Japan. The project is a collaboration among High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), the University of Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology and University of Tsukuba. The challenge involves construction of a Peta- to Exascale parallel filesystem exploiting local storage of PCs spread over the worldwide Grid.

University of Tsukuba
The University of Tsukuba (筑波大学, Tsukuba daigaku) is a national research university located in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

The university has 28 college clusters and schools with around 16,500 students (as of 2014). The main Tsukuba campus covers an area of 258 hectares (636 acres), making it the second largest single campus in Japan.

The university has a branch campus in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, offering graduate programs for working adults in the capital and managing K-12 schools in Tokyo that are attached to the university.

Three Nobel Prize laurates have taught at the university, Leo Esaki, Hideki Shirakawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. Apart from them, Satoshi Ōmura studied as an audit student.
Tai Ho Wan
Tai Ho Wan or Tai Ho Bay (Chinese: 大蠔灣; Cantonese Yale: daaih hòh wāan; lit. 'big oyster bay', also 大濠灣; 'big inlet bay') is a bay on the north shore of Lantau Island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located west of Siu Ho Wan, and northeast of Tung Chung and Kei Tau Kok. The surrounding land was originally planned to be part of the North Lantau New Town scope, but there is a current slowdown in its plans because of the lack in population growth and environmental groups opposed to the next in abeyance.

Tai Ho was originally a rural area. To the northern part there is a shoal extend and to the southern part is the foot of Lin Fa Shan. Slopes are covered with grassland and shrub forests. There are monsoonal nature of swamps, as well as a stream named Tai Ho Stream which flows into the Tai Ho Bay.

Tung Chung
Tung Chung (lit. "eastern stream") is an area on the northwestern coast of Lantau Island, Hong Kong. One of the most recent new towns, it was formerly a rural fishing village beside Tung Chung Bay, and along the delta and lower courses of Tung Chung River and Ma Wan Chung in the north-western coast of Lantau Island. The area was once an important defence stronghold against pirates and foreign military during the Ming and the Qing dynasties.

Developed as part of the Airport Core Programme, the North Lantau New Town is the first new town on an outlying island of Hong Kong, with the first phases built on reclaimed land to the north, east and northeast of the original Tung Chung Town. Administratively, Tung Chung is part of Islands District.
Yunjin Road station
Yunjin Road (simplified Chinese: 云锦路; traditional Chinese: 雲錦路; pinyin: Yúnjǐn Lù) is a station on Line 11 of the Shanghai Metro, which opened on August 31, 2013. The station is located on Yunjin Road in Longhua District, Xuhui District, Shanghai.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Moog (code)
MOOG is an astronomical software package. It is an example of Fortran code that performs a variety of spectral line analysis and spectrum synthesis tasks under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium.  Moog uses a model photosphere together with a list of atomic or molecular transitions to generate an emergent spectrum by solving the equation of radiative transfer.

The typical use of MOOG is to assist in the determination of the chemical composition of a star, e.g. Sneden (1973). This paper contains also the description of the first version of the code and has been cited about 240 times as of 2008-04-24 by publications in international journals studying the abundances of chemical elements in stars.

The software package has been developed and is maintained by Christopher Sneden, University of Texas at Austin. The current supported version of the code was released in August 2010 and is described in the MOOG User's Guide (see references below).  Moog is written in FORTRAN 77.

Radiative transfer
Radiative transfer (also called radiation transport) is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes. The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically. Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing. Analytic solutions to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) exist for simple cases but for more realistic media, with complex multiple scattering effects, numerical methods are required. 
The present article is largely focused on the condition of radiative equilibrium.
Didier Mollard
Didier Mollard (born 4 December 1969) is a former French ski jumper who competed from 1986 to 1997. At the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, he finished eighth in the individual normal hill event.

Mollard's best individual finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was sixth in the large hill event at Trondheim in 1997. He finished 29th at the 1994 Ski-flying World Championships in Planica.

Mollard best World Cup career finish was second twice, both in 1993.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
A. Perumal
A. Perumal (15 June 1923 – 21 October 1991) was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Mudukulathur constituency in  1957 election. He was one of the two winners from the same constituency in that election, the other being U. Muthuramalinga Thevar from the same party. He won 1962 election from Tiruchuli constituency as a Forward Bloc candidate.

All India Forward Bloc
The All India Forward Bloc (abbr. AIFB) is a left-wing nationalist political party in India. It emerged as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939, led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, and was strongest in West Bengal. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India. During the 1951–1952 and 1957 Indian general election, the party was known as Forward Bloc. The party's current Secretary-General is G. Devarajan. Veteran Indian politicians Sarat Chandra Bose (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose) and Chitta Basu had been the stalwarts of the party in independent India.

Leveraging Netaji's sway over the populace, the organization had established its electoral footprint after Independence in states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Assam, with West Bengal as its primary bastion. However, after eight decades, the party, now confined to select regions, lacks any Members of Parliament or Legislative Assembly representatives.
Carrick Pursuivant
Carrick Pursuivant of Arms is a Scottish pursuivant of arms of the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The title is derived from the Earldom of Carrick, one of the titles borne by Robert the Bruce before his succession to the crown.  The arms of the Earldom are Argent, a chevron Gules, hence the chevron in the pursuivant's badge. The earliest known reference to the office is from 1364.

The badge is blazoned: A chevron Gules enfiled of a coronet of four fleurs-de-lys (two visible) and four crosses pattee (one and two halves visible) Or.

The current Carrick Pursuivant is Professor Gillian Black. She took part in the Royal Procession at the 2023 Coronation in her previous role of Linlithgow Pursuivant alongside her predecessor as Carrick Pursuivant George Way of Plean.

Earl of Carrick
Earl of Carrick (Scottish Gaelic: Iarla Charraig; also Mormaer of Carrick) is the title applied to the ruler of Carrick, Ayrshire, subsequently part of the Peerage of Scotland. The position came to be strongly associated with the Scottish crown when Robert the Bruce, who had inherited it from his maternal kin, became King of Scots in the early 14th century. Since the 15th century, the title of Earl of Carrick has automatically been held by the heir apparent to the throne, thus the current holder of the title is Prince William, Duke of Rothesay.
Dave Curtis
David Adams Curtis (born June 22, 1946 in Marblehead, Massachusetts) is an American sailor and sail maker.

As a sailor he competed at the highest level in many National and International classes. He won the World Championships in the Etchells severn times and was second six time. However Dave was successful in many other classes he with five North American, four US, one European and one World Championship in the Soling, and one in the J/24 he won the Worlds once and four North American Championships. As sail maker he held franchises for, among others, Horizon Sails, North Sails and Doyle Sails.

Curtis was inducted into the National Sailing Hall of Fame in 2013.

National Sailing Hall of Fame
The Sailing Museum and National Sailing Hall of Fame is a nonprofit educational organization that promotes sailing and racing by recognizing individuals who have contributed to the sport, highlighting sailing's contribution to the American culture; and demonstrating its value as a hands-on tool for teaching math and science. The organization was established in 2005.
Gots ta Be
"Gots ta Be" is the second single by R&B group B2K off their self-titled debut album. The song was released in February 26, 2002 and it peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 13 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

B2K (album)
B2K is the debut studio album by American boy band B2K. It was released by Epic Records on March 12, 2002 in the United States. The album debuted number 2 on the Billboard 200 and number 1 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart selling 109,000 copies in the first week.
The Last Days of John Brown
"The Last Days of John Brown" is an essay by Henry David Thoreau, written in 1860, that praised the executed abolitionist militia leader John Brown. He read it at the July 4, 1860, memorial service held at Brown's home in North Elba. It was first published in The Liberator of July 27, 1860.

The Liberator (newspaper)
The Liberator (1831–1865) was a weekly abolitionist newspaper, printed and published in Boston by William Lloyd Garrison and, through 1839, by Isaac Knapp. Religious rather than political, it appealed to the moral conscience of its readers, urging them to demand immediate freeing of the slaves ("immediatism"). It also promoted women's rights, an issue that split the American abolitionist movement. Despite its modest circulation of 3,000, it had prominent and influential readers, including all the abolitionist leaders, among them Frederick Douglass, Beriah Green, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Alfred Niger. It frequently printed or reprinted letters, reports, sermons, and news stories relating to American slavery, becoming a sort of community bulletin board for the new abolitionist movement that Garrison helped foster.
Malaysia at the 2010 Asian Para Games
Malaysia participated in the 2010 Asian Para Games–First Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China from 13 to 19 December 2010. Athletes from Malaysia won total 45 medals (including nine gold), and finished at the sixth spot. The country participated in 15 sports out of 19 sports contested in the event.

2010 Asian Para Games
The 2010 Asian Para Games (Chinese: 2010年亚洲残疾人运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī líng nián Yàzhōu cánjí rén yùndònghuì), also known as the First Asian Para Games, was a parallel sports event for Asian athletes with a disability held in Guangzhou, China. Two weeks after the conclusion of the 16th Asian Games, it opened on December 12 and closed on December 19, 2010.

Approximately 2,500 athletes from 45 Asian member nations participated in 341 events from 19 sports. The games was opened by vice premier Li Keqiang at the Guangdong Olympic Stadium.

The final medal tally was led by China, followed by South Korea and third-placed Japan. 17 world and 82 Asian records were broken during the games.
Stuart Morrison
Stuart Morrison (born 18 April 1999) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a centre back for Scottish League Two club Forfar Athletic. Morrison has previously played for Dunfermline Athletic, Queen's Park and Queen of the South, as well loan spells at Edinburgh and Queen's Park. Morrison has also represented Scotland at U19 level.

Scotland national under-19 football team
The Scotland national under-19 football team is the national football team representing Scotland for players of 19 years of age or under at the start of a European Under-19 Football Championship campaign. The team, which is controlled by the Scottish Football Association, acts as a feeder team to the Scotland national football team.
Aphyocypris pulchrilineata
Aphyocypris pulchrilineata is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Xenocyprididae, the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. This species was originally described from a stream of the Chengjiang River at Chengjiang in Du'an County in Guangxi, China. The Chengjiang River is a small northern branch of the Hongshuihe River, a tributary of the Xijiang in the Pearl River system. It has since been found in the Zuojiang and Youjiang rivers, also in Guangxi.

You River (Guangxi)
The You River (Chinese: 右江; pinyin: Yòujiāng; lit. 'Right River'), also known as the Youjiang River, is a river of Guangxi, China. It rises in eastern Yunnan and joins the Zuo River ("Left River") near Nanning to form the Yong River. These rivers form part of the Pearl River system, which flows into the South China Sea near Guangzhou, Guangdong province.

The river lends it name to the language Youjiang Zhuang, the area Youjiang District, Baise and to a university Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities. Formerly, Baise Bama Airport was known as Baise Youjiang Airport between December 2006 and September 2013.
North Carolina General Assembly of 2005–06
The North Carolina General Assembly of 2005–06 was the legislature that was elected on November 2, 2004, by voters in North Carolina. Members of the House of Representatives and Senate met in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 2005 and 2006. These were the first elections for the state legislature under a new redistricting plan approved in 2003. This General Assembly will perhaps be best remembered as the assembly that approved North Carolina's first state lottery. It also approved new ethics laws for government officials and increased the state's minimum wage.

Cumberland County, North Carolina
Cumberland County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 334,728, making it the fifth-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Fayetteville. Cumberland County is part of the Fayetteville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.