hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old fashioned (cocktail)
The old fashioned is a cocktail made by muddling sugar with bitters and water, adding whiskey (typically rye or bourbon) or sometimes brandy, and garnishing with an orange slice or zest and a cocktail cherry. It is traditionally served with ice in an old fashioned glass (also known as a rocks glass).

Developed during the 19th century and given its name in the 1880s, it is an IBA official cocktail. It is also one of six basic drinks listed in David A. Embury's The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks.

Zest (ingredient)
Zest is a food ingredient that is prepared by scraping or cutting from the rind of unwaxed citrus fruits such as lemon, orange, citron, and lime. Zest is used to add flavor to many different types of food.

In terms of fruit anatomy, the zest is obtained from the flavedo (exocarp) which is also called zest. The flavedo and white pith (albedo) of a citrus fruit together makes up its peel.  The amounts of both flavedo and pith are variable among citrus fruits, and may be adjusted by the manner in which they are prepared. Citrus peel may commonly be used fresh, dried, candied, or pickled in salt.
Tiny Cahoon
Ivan Wells "Tiny" Cahoon (May 22, 1900 – February 3, 1973) was an American football player and coach. He played professionally as a  tackle for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1926 to 1929. He played college football at the University of Montana and at Gonzaga University.

Gonzaga University
Gonzaga University (GU) (/ɡənˈzæɡə/ ghən-ZAG-ə) is a private Jesuit university in Spokane, Washington, United States. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. Founded in 1887 by Joseph Cataldo, a Sicilian-born priest and Jesuit missionary, the university is named after the young Jesuit saint Aloysius Gonzaga. The campus houses 105 buildings on 152 acres (62 ha) of grassland alongside the Spokane River, in a residential setting a half-mile (800 m) from downtown Spokane.

The university grants bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its college and six schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration, School of Education, School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Law, School of Nursing and Human Physiology, and the School of Leadership Studies.
2017 Brighton siege
On 5 June 2017, Yacqub Khayre, a 29-year-old Somali-born Australian, murdered a receptionist and held a sex worker hostage at the Buckingham International Serviced Apartments, located in Brighton, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia. In a subsequent shoot-out with a police tactical unit, Khayre was killed and three police officers were wounded. Police consider the siege an act of  terrorism. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack.

Sex worker
A sex worker is a person who provides sex work, either on a regular or occasional basis. The term is used in reference to those who work in all areas of the sex industry. According to one view, sex work is voluntary "and is seen as the commercial exchange of sex for money or goods". Thus it differs from sexual exploitation, or the forcing of a person to commit sexual acts.
Dublin Food Co-op
53°20′32″N 6°18′37″W﻿ / ﻿53.3423451°N 6.3101959°W﻿ / 53.3423451; -6.3101959

Dublin Food Co-operative Society Limited is a consumer co-operative founded in 1983 and based in Kilmainham, Dublin, with a focus on organic and wholefood products. The Dublin Food Co-op is part of the worldwide co-operative movement.

History of the cooperative movement
The history of the cooperative movement concerns the origins and history of cooperatives across the world. Although cooperative arrangements, such as mutual insurance, and principles of cooperation existed long before, the cooperative movement began with the application of cooperative principles to business organization.
The Essential Simon & Garfunkel
The Essential Simon & Garfunkel is the second 2-CD compilation album of greatest hits by Simon & Garfunkel, released by Columbia Records on October 14, 2003.

This two-disc anthology was released to coincide with Simon & Garfunkel's 2003 reunion tour. It contains all of the duo's 16 singles originally released between 1964 and 1975 to reach the Hot 100 (including the 1975 reunion hit, "My Little Town"). The remaining 17 songs include non-hits like “Richard Cory”, and eight live performances from 1967 to 1969.

Richard Cory (song)
"Richard Cory" is a song written by Paul Simon in early 1965, and recorded by Simon and Garfunkel for their second studio album, Sounds of Silence. The song was based on Edwin Arlington Robinson's 1897 poem of the same title.

The inspiration for this song comes from the poem that was required reading in English class while Paul Simon and Arthur Garfunkel were students at Forest Hills High School in New York City.
Moorarie Station
25°55′20″S 117°36′00″E﻿ / ﻿25.9221°S 117.6001°E﻿ / -25.9221; 117.6001﻿ (Moorarie)
Moorarie Station is a pastoral lease currently operating as a sheep station in the Murchison district of Western Australia's Mid West region.

The property is situated approximately 117 kilometres (73 mi) northwest of Meekatharra and 400 kilometres (249 mi) east of Carnarvon. It is watered by the southern branch of the Murchison River, the Hope River and the Yalgar River.

Sheep station
A sheep station is  a large property (station, the equivalent of a ranch) in Australia or New Zealand, the main activity of which is the raising of sheep for their wool and/or meat. In Australia, sheep stations are usually in the south-east or south-west of the country. In New Zealand the Merinos are usually in the high country of the South Island. These properties may be thousands of square kilometres in size and run low stocking rates to be able to sustainably provide enough feed and water for the stock.

In Australia, the owner of a sheep station may be called a pastoralist, a grazier, or formerly a squatter (as in "Waltzing Matilda"), when their sheep grazing land was referred to as a sheep run.
Early feeding
In poultry farming, early feeding is the ad lib availability of feed and water for day-old chicks from the moment of hatching from the egg.

Early feeding has a positive effect on chick performance because development and maturation of important organs is not retarded post hatch, but continues. This results in better growth performance and a better health status of the chickens.

Ad libitum
In music and other performing arts, the phrase ad libitum (/æd ˈlɪbɪtəm/; Latin for 'at one's pleasure' or 'as you desire'), often shortened to "ad lib" (as an adjective or adverb) or "ad-lib" (as a verb or noun), refers to various forms of improvisation.

The roughly synonymous phrase a bene placito ('in accordance with [one's] good pleasure') is less common but, in its Italian form a piacere, has entered the musical lingua franca (see below).

The phrase "at liberty" is often associated mnemonically (because of the alliteration of the lib- syllable), although it is not the translation (there is no cognation between libitum and liber). Libido is the etymologically closer cognate known in English.

In biology and nutrition, the phrase is used to describe feeding without restriction.
Churchstoke
Churchstoke (Welsh: Yr Ystog; also spelled as Church Stoke) is a village, community and electoral ward in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales. Located in the southeast of the Vale of Montgomery, it is overlooked by Todleth Hill, Roundton Hill and Corndon Hill.  The rivers Caebitra and Camlad have their confluence just outside the village. The nearest town is Montgomery. In the 2011 census the village had a population of 708.

The community of Churchstoke covers a wider area than the village, including the neighbouring villages of Hyssington and The Marsh. Recently the detached part of the community around Weston Madoc was transferred to Montgomery's community. The community is situated on a salient and covers an area of over 50 square miles (130 km2).

Salient (geography)
A salient, panhandle, or bootheel is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state.

While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is most often not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit.

In American English, the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extensions of Florida and Oklahoma, or the northernmost portion of Idaho. Another term is bootheel, used for the Missouri Bootheel and New Mexico Bootheel areas.
Brunei Investment Agency
Brunei Investment Agency (BIA) is the sovereign wealth fund of Brunei, established in 1983 to manage the country's external reserves and diversify its economy. It is one of the most secretive investment entities globally, reporting directly to the Ministry of Finance and Economy.

Ministry of Finance and Economy (Brunei)
The Ministry of Finance and Economy (MoFE; Malay: Kementerian Kewangan dan Ekonomi) is a cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which is responsible for the monetary, fiscal and economic policies and development in the country. It was established immediately upon Brunei's independence on 1 January 1984. It is currently led by a minister in which the incumbent is Hassanal Bolkiah, the Sultan of Brunei, as well as a second minister and two deputy ministers.
Kimberly S. Bowers
Kimberly S. Bowers (also known as Kim Lubel) (born 1965) is the former CEO, Chairman of the Board, Director and President of CST Brands, Inc. She is also the Director of WPX Energy, Inc and an Executive Vice President and Divisional President of Valero Energy Corp. Bowers is one of only 26 women who are CEOs of Fortune 500 companies.

Valero Energy
Valero Energy Corporation is an American-based fuels producer mostly involved in manufacturing and marketing transportation fuels and other related products. It is headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, United States. Throughout the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, the company owns and operates 15 refineries with a combined throughput capacity of approximately 3.2 million barrels per day, two renewable diesel plants that produce approximately 1.2 billion gallons per year, and 12 ethanol plants with a combined production capacity of 1.6 billion gallons as its subsidiaries.

According to a number of estimates, Valero has become a major producer of corn ethanol and renewable diesel.
Toronto Public Space Committee
The Toronto Public Space Committee (TPSC) is a  volunteer-run, non-profit organization located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that defends the city's public space from corporate and private forces, including cars and outdoor advertising. The TPSC argues that public property, such as sidewalks, bike paths, parks, and squares, should be the independent and cultural “counterbalance” to the profit-driven private sector.

As a grassroots organization, the TPSC is financed almost entirely on donations, as well as various contributions in kind from its members, such as seeds and gardening tools.  The TPSC uses a model of consensus decision-making at its monthly open meetings.  The structure of the organization is currently undergoing a re-evaluation by its members.

In 2005, TPSC was called Toronto's Best Activist Group by the local Now magazine.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
Alan Contreras
Alan Lee Contreras (born Mar 11, 1956)  is an American writer, poet, birdwatcher, and education consultant. He is best known for his contributions to Oregon ornithology and his work in higher education. He lives in Eugene, Oregon, and works part-time for the State Authorization Reciprocity Agreement (SARA), the Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission, and Oregon State University Press.

Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission
The Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission is a volunteer state board established in 2011 in the U.S. state of Oregon, with responsibilities for advising the governor, the legislature and the Chief Education Office on statewide postsecondary education policies and funding. The fifteen-member commission has authorities for "development of biennial budget recommendations for public postsecondary education in Oregon, making funding allocations to Oregon's public community colleges and public universities, approving new academic programs for the public institutions, allocating Oregon Opportunity Grants (state need-based student aid), authorizing degrees that are proposed by private and out-of-state (distance) providers, licensing private career and trade schools, overseeing programs for veterans, and additional legislative directives".
Torvalla Virgin Forest Nature Reserve
Torvalla Virgin Forest Nature Reserve (Swedish: Torvalla urskogs naturreservat) is a nature reserve in Jämtland County in Sweden.

The nature reserve serves to protect an old-growth forest and a rich fen. The ancient forest is dominated by spruce and Scots pine, with birch, rowan and aspen growing in glades. The great amount of coarse woody debris creates good habitats for many species of fungi, such as Phellinidium ferrugineofuscum, Phlebia mellea and Fomitopsis rosea. The nature reserve also serves as a refuge for birds like black woodpecker and Eurasian three-toed woodpecker. In the rich fen, orchids like fragrant orchid, Dactylorhiza maculata ssp. fuchsii and Listera cordata grow.

Black woodpecker
The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is a large woodpecker that lives in mature forests across the northern Palearctic. It is the sole representative of its genus in that region, and its range is expanding. The black woodpecker is easily the largest woodpecker species in Europe as well as in the portion of Asia where it lives and is one of the largest species worldwide. This non-migratory species tends to make its home in old-growth forest or large forest stands and excavates a large tree hole to reside in.  In turn, several species rely on black woodpeckers to secondarily reside in the holes made in trees by them. This woodpecker's diet consists mostly of carpenter ants. This species is closely related to, and fills the same ecological niche in Europe as, the pileated woodpecker of North America and the lineated woodpecker of South America, also being similar to the white-bellied woodpecker which is distributed to the south somewhat of the black woodpecker in Asia.
Anna Ndege
Anna Ndege (born 5 March 1982 in Shinyanga) is a Tanzanian middle-distance runner. Her personal best of 4:09.71 minutes for the 1500 metres is the Tanzanian record for the distance.

Her best result was a nineteenth place in the short race at the 2001 World Cross Country Championships. She twice represented Tanzania at the competition at senior level, running in the short race in 2001 and 2002. She competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, running in both the 800 metres and 1500 metres events. She was a minor medallist in both those distances at the Africa Military Games.

2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships took place on March 24/25, 2001.  The races were held at the Hippodrome Wellington in Ostend (Oostende), Belgium.  Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, in the Herald,  and for the IAAF.

Complete results for senior men, for senior men's teams, for men's short race, for men's short race teams, for junior men, for junior men's teams, senior women, for senior women's teams, for women's short race, for women's short race teams, for junior women,  for junior women's teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published.
Ferroportin
Ferroportin-1, also known as solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) or iron-regulated transporter 1 (IREG1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC40A1 gene. Ferroportin is a transmembrane protein that transports iron from the inside of a cell to the outside of the cell. Ferroportin is the only known iron exporter.

After dietary iron is absorbed into the cells of the small intestine, ferroportin allows that iron to be transported out of those cells and into the bloodstream. Fpn also mediates the efflux of iron recycled from macrophages resident in the spleen and liver.

Ferroportin is regulated by hepcidin, a hormone produced by the liver; hepcidin binds to Fpn and limits its iron-efflux activity, thereby reducing iron delivery to the blood plasma. Therefore, the interaction between Fpn and hepcidin controls systemic iron homeostasis.

Hepatocyte
A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver. Hepatocytes make up 80% of the liver's mass.

These cells are involved in:

Protein synthesis

Protein storage

Transformation of carbohydrates

Synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids

Detoxification, modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances

Initiation of formation and secretion of bile
Fornelo e Vairão
Fornelo e Vairão is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila do Conde, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Fornelo and Vairão. The population in 2011 was 2,643, in an area of 10.85 km2.

Vila do Conde
Vila do Conde (pronounced [ˈvilɐ ðu ˈkõdɨ] ⓘ, locally [ˈbilɐ ðu ˈkoŋdɨ]; "the Count's Town") is a municipality in the Norte Region of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 79,533, in an area of 149.03 km2. The urbanized area of Vila do Conde, which includes the parishes of Vila do Conde, Azurara and Árvore, represent 36,137 inhabitants. Vila do Conde is interlinked to the north with Póvoa de Varzim, forming a single urban agglomeration which is a part of the Porto Metropolitan Area. The town is on the Portuguese Way of the Camino de Santiago.
Vedlozero
Vedlozero (Russian: Ведлозеро, Karelian: Vieljärvi) is an old Karelian village in Russia, the administrative center of the Vedlozerskoye rural settlement of the Pryazhinsky District of the Republic of Karelia.

Karelia
Karelia (/kəˈriːliə, kəˈriːljə/; Karelian and Finnish: Karjala [ˈkɑrjɑlɑ]; Livvi: Karjal; Russian: Каре́лия, romanized: Kareliya [kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə], historically Коре́ла, Korela [kɐˈrʲelʲə]; Swedish: Karelen [kɑˈreːlen]) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is divided between northwestern Russia (the federal subjects of the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast) and Finland (the regions of South Karelia, North Karelia, and the eastern portion of Kymenlaakso).
San Diego Zest FC
San Diego Zest FC is an American soccer team based in San Diego, California. The club was founded in 2016 and is owned and operated by the San Diego Sports Authority, a Japanese–owned sports management company. They compete as LA Galaxy SD Zest in USL League Two and play their home matches at James Madison High School's George Hoagland Stadium. The team colors are orange and navy.

UCLA Bruins
The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin men's and women's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF). For football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I (formerly Division I-A). UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 125 NCAA team championships. UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women.
Martin v. City of Struthers
Martin v. Struthers, 319 U.S. 141 (1943), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a law prohibiting the distribution of handbills from door to door violated the First Amendment rights of a Jehovah's Witness, specifically their freedom of speech. The ruling was 5-4 and deemed trespassing laws a better fit for the town imposing the ordinance.

Flyer (pamphlet)
A flyer (or flier) is a form of paper advertisement intended for wide distribution and typically posted or distributed in a public place, handed out to individuals or sent through the mail. Today, flyers range from inexpensively photocopied leaflets to expensive, glossy, full-color circulars. Flyers in a digital format can be shared on the internet.
Prix Meret-Oppenheim
The Grand Prix suisse d’art / Prix Meret-Oppenheim is an award given to Swiss artists. The prize has been awarded annually since 2001.

Each year, the Federal Office of Culture (OFC), based upon the recommendations of the Federal Art Commission (CFA), awards one or more prizes worth forty thousand Swiss francs (initially thirty-five thousand francs) to recognized Swiss artists, as well as architects and cultural mediators, over the age of forty. The prize is named after Meret Oppenheim (1913–1985), the Swiss visual artist and writer. The awards ceremony takes place in June, during the Art Basel fair.

In order to support young artists, architects and cultural mediators, the OFC has established the Federal Art Prize, as well as the Kiefer-Hablitzel Foundation scholarship.

Federal Office of Culture
The Federal Office of Culture (FOC) is an administrative unit of the Federal Department of Home Affairs, based in Bern, Switzerland. The agency has two extensive areas of responsibility:  promoting Swiss culture and preserving the country’s cultural heritage. In 2014, its total budget was close to 170 million francs.
The FOC promotes culture in the fields of literature, theatre, dance, music, film, the visual arts and design. It helps preserve the cultural heritage by supporting the protection of monuments and archeological research, and it also maintains valuable collections, libraries, archives, and museums.

From 2005 to 2013, Jean-Frédéric Jauslin was director of the Federal Office of Culture. He was succeeded by Isabelle Chassot, who directed the office from 2013 to 2021. In 2022, Carine Bachmann became the director of the Office.
Anthony Pellicano wiretapping scandal
The Anthony Pellicano wiretapping scandal was a wide-ranging criminal investigation into the illegal activities of Anthony Pellicano, a prominent Hollywood fixer and private investigator. Beginning with an FBI raid in November 2002, the investigation ultimately resulted in the conviction of Pellicano and numerous associates including law enforcement officers, attorneys, a film director, a software developer, and a FBI special agent. The scandal exposed a network of illegal wiretapping, racketeering, bribery, and witness tampering operating at the heart of the entertainment industry for over a decade.

Michael Ovitz
Michael Steven Ovitz (born December 14, 1946) is an American businessman. He was a talent agent who co-founded Creative Artists Agency (CAA) in 1975 and served as its chairman until 1995. Ovitz later served as president of The Walt Disney Company for  16 months, from October 1995 to January 1997.
Runda Kumpulan Kecil
The Runda Kumpulan Kecil (lit. 'Small Patrol Units'; RKK) is a jihadism insurgent group operating in three southern border provinces of Thailand and some areas of Songkhla province.

The RKK has been one of the most brutal and active violent groups of the South Thailand insurgency in recent years.

Songkhla province
Songkhla (Thai: สงขลา, pronounced [sǒŋ.kʰlǎː], Malay: Singgora) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from west clockwise) Satun, Phatthalung, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, and Yala. To the south it borders Kedah and Perlis of Malaysia.

In contrast to most other provinces, the capital Songkhla is not the largest city in the province. The much newer city of Hat Yai, with a population of 359,813, is considerably larger, with twice the population of Songkhla (163,072). This often leads to the misconception that Hat Yai is the provincial capital.