hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhynchobatus
Rhynchobatus (from Ancient Greek ῥύγχος (rhúnkos), meaning "snout", and βάτος (bátos), meaning "ray") is a genus of rays commonly known as wedgefishes in the family Rhinidae. They are found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific with a single species (R. luebberti) in the eastern Atlantic. All species in this genus (excluding R. palpebratus) are assessed as Critically Endangered by IUCN.

The species are superficially similar and have often been confused. The various species can generally be separated by a combination of snout shape, vertebral count and exact colour (distribution of white spots, and presence/absence of a black spot at the base of the pectoral fin). The largest species can reach about 3 m (10 ft) and are among the largest species of Rhinopristiformes, but the smallest reach less than one-third of that size.

Batomorphi
Batomorphi is a division of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays; this taxon is sometimes considered as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as the division Batomorphi. Batomorphi, along with the shark division Selachii, both compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the most speciose of cartilaginous fishes groups, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.
Park Avenue Line
Park Avenue Line can refer to the following transit lines:

Park Avenue Line (Brooklyn surface), former streetcar

Park Avenue Line (Brooklyn elevated), former rapid transit

Park Avenue Line (Manhattan surface), bus, formerly streetcar

Park Avenue Line (Paterson), bus, formerly streetcar

Park Avenue main line, tunnel and viaduct for Metro-North Railroad

Fifth and Madison Avenues buses
The M1, M2, M3, and M4 are four local bus routes that operate along the one-way pair of Madison and Fifth Avenues in the borough of Manhattan in New York City between Greenwich Village and Harlem.

The routes are the successors to the New York and Harlem Railroad's Fourth and Madison Avenues Line, which began operations in 1832 as the first street railway in the world, and several lines of the Fifth Avenue Coach Company, a bus operator that started running on Fifth Avenue in 1886.
William Tupper
William (Bill) Tupper (born 7 October 1933) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a businessman, geologist and professor by career. He was a Municipal Councillor for North Gower in 1973, and the mayor of Rideau Township from 1974 to 1978.

He was elected at Nepean—Carleton electoral district in the 1984 federal election, thus he served in the 33rd Canadian Parliament. In the 1988 federal election, he ran in the Nepean riding but was defeated  by Beryl Gaffney of the Liberal party.

North Gower
North Gower (/ɡɔːr/) is a small village in eastern Ontario, originally part of North Gower Township, now part of the city of Ottawa. Surrounding communities include Richmond, Kemptville, Kars and Manotick. Public high school students in this area go to South Carleton High School in Richmond. Elementary school students go to Marlborough Public School in North Gower.

The village took its name from Admiral John Leveson-Gower, Lord of the Admiralty from 1783 to 1789.
Oleksandr Sevidov
Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Sevidov (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Севідов; born 18 July 1969) is a Ukrainian football manager and former player. He played for clubs in Ukraine and Russia. He was appointed manager of struggling Vereya in January 2019, remaining in that capacity until late March 2019.

FC Vereya
Vereya (Bulgarian: Верея) is a Bulgarian association football club based in Stara Zagora, which currently competes in the Southeast Third League, the third tier of Bulgarian football.

Vereya was founded in 2001. The team made a remarkable rise through the levels of the Bulgarian football system, and by 2016, the club reached the top level of Bulgarian football, the First League, for the first time. In 2019, after three seasons in the First League, they were expelled from it for reported match fixing.
Chaumont station
Chaumont station (French: Gare de Chaumont) is a French railway station serving the town Chaumont, Haute-Marne department, eastern France. It is situated on the Paris–Mulhouse railway. The station is served by regional trains towards Paris, Châlons-en-Champagne, Dijon and Vesoul.

Paris-Est–Mulhouse-Ville railway
The railway from Paris-Est to Mulhouse-Ville is a 491-kilometre long railway line, that connects Paris to Mulhouse via Troyes, Chaumont and Belfort, France. The railway was opened in several stages between 1848 and 1858.
Ron Magers
Ron Magers (born August 27, 1944) is a former American news anchor. Magers worked for WLS-TV, the ABC owned-and-operated station in Chicago, Illinois, where he co-anchored the top-rated 5:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. broadcasts with Cheryl Burton and Kathy Brock, respectively. Magers is the brother of Paul Magers, a former television anchor and reporter for KCBS-TV, the CBS owned-and-operated station in Los Angeles.

KCBS-TV
KCBS-TV (channel 2), branded CBS LA, is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is the West Coast flagship station of the CBS television network, owned and operated through its CBS News and Stations division. Under common ownership with independent station KCAL-TV (channel 9), the two outlets share studios at the Radford Studio Center on Radford Avenue in the Studio City section of Los Angeles; KCBS-TV's transmitter is located on the western side of Mount Wilson near Occidental Peak.

Aside from being affiliated with CBS News, since 2017, KCBS-TV has had no connection to KCBS radio (740 AM) in San Francisco. The 2017 sale to Entercom (now Audacy) of KCBS radio and KCBS-FM (93.1) in Los Angeles ended almost seven decades of co-ownership among the three stations under CBS.
Hypothetical universalism
Hypothetical Universalism is a Reformed limited atonement variant doctrine which states that Jesus died sufficiently for every person, thus being sent to the whole world as a sacrifice for sins; however, his death is only efficient for those who are elect, or predestined for salvation. Hypothetical Universalism systems, such as those held by Zacharias Ursinus, John Calvin, William Twisse, John Davenant, and the Heidelberg Catechism are commonly accepted as being proper to the Reformed Tradition, especially amongst the Dutch Reformed Churches and the Reformed Anglican faction in the Church of England.

Zacharias Ursinus
Zacharias Ursinus (born Zacharias Baer; 18 July 1534 – 6 May 1583) was a German Reformed theologian and Protestant reformer. He became the leading theologian of the Reformed Protestant movement of the Palatinate, serving both at the University of Heidelberg and the College of Wisdom (Collegium Sapientiae). He is best known as the principal author and interpreter of the Heidelberg Catechism.
Backwashing (water treatment)
In terms of water treatment, including water purification and sewage treatment, backwashing refers to pumping water backwards through the filter's media, sometimes including intermittent use of compressed air during the process. Backwashing is a form of preventive maintenance so that the filter media can be reused. In water treatment plants, backwashing can be an automated process that is run by local programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The backwash cycle is triggered after a set time interval, when the filter effluent turbidity is greater than a treatment guideline or when the differential pressure (head loss) across the filter exceeds a set value.

Hydraulic head
Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a measurement related to liquid pressure (normalized by specific weight) and the liquid elevation above a vertical datum.
It is usually measured as an equivalent liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a specialized water well), and given information of the piezometer's elevation and screen depth. Hydraulic head can similarly be measured in a column of water using a standpipe piezometer by measuring the height of the water surface in the tube relative to a common datum. The hydraulic head can be used to determine a hydraulic gradient between two or more points.
SS Bretagne
A number of steamships have carried the name Bretagne

SS La Bretagne, an 1886 ocean liner for Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT)

SS Bretagne (1908), 1,326 GRT, built by Helsingørs Jernskib-og Maskinbyggeri A/S

SS Bretagne (1922), 10,103 GRT, built by Barclay, Curle for CGT

SS Bretagne (1928), 3,177 GRT, built by Burmeister & Wain for Danske-Fransch Dampskibs

SS Bretagne (1937), 3,285 grt, built by Akers Mekaniske Verksted for F Olsen & Co

SS Bretagne (1951), a 1951 ocean liner for Société Générale de Transport Maritimes

SS Bretagne (1951)
SS Bretagne was an ocean liner launched on 20 July 1951 out of Saint-Nazaire; the second of two ships built for the Société Générale de Transport Maritimes (SGTM) which operated passenger lines out of Marseille. Her sister ship Provence was launched a year earlier at Newcastle. Bretagne was constructed with three boilers and Provence with only two, making Provence less capable of increasing speed to counteract possible delays.
Jamie Catto
James David Catto (born 14 August 1968 in London, England) is a British musician, video director, photographer, and script editor. He was a founding member of Faithless, before leaving in 1999 to form 1 Giant Leap.

Rokia Traoré
Rokia Traoré (born 24 January 1974) is a  Malian-born singer, songwriter and guitarist.

She made six albums between 1998 and 2016. Bowmboï (2003) won the Critics Award category at the BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music in 2004 and Tchamantché (2008) won Victoires de la Musique World Music Album of the Year in 2009. Traoré won Best Artist in the Songlines Music Awards in 2009.

She is a member of the Bambara ethnic group.
Verstraete
Verstraete and Verstraeten are Dutch language toponymic surnames. The names are contractions of van der Straate(n), meaning "from the street".  "Verstraete (6,633 people in Belgium in 2007) is mostly limited to West Flanders while "Verstraeten" (5,511 people) is mostly limited to East Flanders. Notable people with the surname include:

Birger Verstraete (born 1994), Belgian footballer

Daniel Verstraete (born 1924), Belgian-born South African Roman Catholic prelate

Eddy Verstraeten (1948–2005), Belgian cyclist

Frank Verstraete, Belgian quantum physicist

Frank J. M. Verstraete, Belgian veterinary dentist

Jan Verstraeten (born 1978), Belgian cyclist

Leigh Verstraete (born 1962), Canadian ice hockey player

Louis Verstraete (born 1999), Belgian footballer

Mike Verstraeten (born 1967), Belgian politician and footballer

Theodoor Verstraete (1851 – 1907), Belgian landscape painter

Frank Verstraete
Frank Verstraete (born November 1972) is a Belgian quantum physicist who is the Leigh Trapnell Professor of Quantum Physics at the Faculty of Mathematics, University of Cambridge and professor at the Faculty of Physics of Ghent University. He has worked on the interface between quantum information theory and quantum many-body physics and was an early proponent of the use of tensor networks and entanglement theory in quantum many body systems.
1850s
The 1850s (pronounced "eighteen-fifties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1850, and ended on December 31, 1859.

It was a very turbulent decade, as wars such as the Crimean War, shifted and shook European politics, as well as the expansion of colonization towards the Far East, which also sparked conflicts like the Second Opium War. In the meantime, the United States saw its peak on mass migration to the American West, that particularly made the nation experience an economic boom, as well as a rapidly increasing population.

The last living person from this decade was Ada Roe, who died in 1970.

Decade
A decade (from Ancient Greek: δεκάς, dekas, lit. 'group of 10') is a period of 10 years. It may also be called a decennium (from Latin: decennium, lit. 'ten-year'). Decades may describe any ten-year period, such as those of a person's life, or refer to specific groupings of calendar years.
Bismuth polycations
Bismuth polycations are polyatomic ions of the formula Bin+x. They were originally observed in solutions of bismuth metal in molten bismuth chloride. It has since been found that these clusters are present in the solid state, particularly in salts where germanium tetrachloride or tetrachloroaluminate serve as the counteranions, but also in amorphous phases such as glasses and gels. Bismuth endows materials with a variety of interesting optical properties that can be tuned by changing the supporting material. Commonly-reported structures include the trigonal bipyramidal Bi3+5 cluster, the octahedral Bi2+6 cluster, the square antiprismatic Bi2+8 cluster, and the tricapped trigonal prismatic Bi5+9 cluster.

Gel
A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.

Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way, gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatine.

The process of forming a gel is called gelation.
SM U-83
SM U-83 was a Type U 81 U-boat of the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during the First World War. She had been commissioned and deployed to operate off the coast of the British Isles and attack coastal shipping as part of the German U-boat campaign.

In a six-month career, U-83 made two combat patrols into the South-Western Approaches during the Atlantic campaign. In these patrols she sank six merchant ships for 6,450 gross register tons (GRT). On 17 February 1917, she torpedoed the British Q-ship HMS Farnborough off the Irish coast, but was sunk at 51°34′N 11°23′W﻿ / ﻿51.567°N 11.383°W﻿ / 51.567; -11.383 by Farnborough's hidden armaments when she approached too close. There were just 2 survivors, picked up by Farnborough; 35 of her crew perished. Farnborough was commanded by the submarine hunter Gordon Campbell and had on board later Victoria Cross recipients Ronald Niel Stuart and William Williams.

Q-ship
Q-ships, also known as Q-boats, decoy vessels, special service ships, or mystery ships, were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

They were used by the British Royal Navy and the German Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War and by the Royal Navy, the Kriegsmarine, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the United States Navy during the Second World War. The German term is "Handelsstörer.

Though legally recognised as an acceptable tactic of military deception, they have attracted much controversy, enjoying only marginal success.
Province of Naples
The province of Naples (Italian: provincia di Napoli; Neapolitan: pruvincia 'e Nàpule) was a province in the Campania region of Italy.

In 2014/2015, the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990 and Law 56/2014), replaced the province of Naples with the Metropolitan City of Naples.

Metropolitan cities of Italy
The 15 metropolitan cities of Italy (Italian: città metropolitane d'Italia) are administrative divisions of Italy, operative since 2015, which are a special type of province. The metropolitan city, as defined by law, includes a large core city and the surrounding suburbs and countryside closely related to it by economic activities and essential public services, as well as to cultural relations and to territorial features.
Rosine Siewe Yamaleu
Rosine Siewe Yamaleu (born 25 November 1991) is a Cameroonian women's international footballer who plays as a defender. She is a member of the Cameroon women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2010 and 2012 editions of the African Women's Championship. She made one appearance in the 2010 tournament against Ghana as an 85th minute substitute for Jeannette Yango. On club level she played for Franck Rohliceck S.A in Cameroon.

2010 African Women's Championship
The 2010 African Women's Championship was held in South Africa from 31 October to 14 November 2010. Seven national teams joined the host nation following a series of knock-out home and away ties. This tournament was also a qualification tournament for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, with the two finalists, Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea qualifying for the finals in Germany.
Austin Hamilton
Austin Hamilton (born 29 July 1997) is a Swedish male track and field sprinter who competes mainly in the 100 metres. He was a bronze medallist in the 60 metres at the 2017 European Athletics Indoor Championships and represented his country at the 2016 European Athletics Championships in the 4 × 100 metres relay.

A member of Malmö AI club, Hamilton was born in Jamaica and moved to Sweden at the age of nine. He set a Swedish junior record of 10.40 seconds for the 100 metres.

2016 European Athletics Championships
The 2016 European Athletics Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, between 6 and 10 July 2016. It was the first time the Netherlands hosted the event.

Due to 2016 being an Olympic year, there was no racewalking and the marathon competition was replaced by half marathon. The Russian team did not participate due to the suspension of the All-Russia Athletic Federation by the International Association of Athletics Federations. However, Yuliya Stepanova was individually cleared by the IAAF to compete as an independent athlete; she participated in the European championships under the flag of the European Athletic Association.

Germany and Great Britain topped the medal table with 16, with Poland winning 12 medals.
Poland won and topped the victory column with 6 gold medals (Germany & Great Britain tied with 5).
Steve Orlando
Steve Orlando is an American comic book writer, known for his work for DC Comics writing characters such as Batman, Martian Manhunter, and Wonder Woman, and two series starring Midnighter, which were nominated for a GLAAD Media Award.

GLAAD Media Award
The GLAAD Media Award is a US accolade bestowed by GLAAD to recognize and honor various branches of the media for outstanding portrayals of LGBTQ people and the issues that affect their lives.  In addition to film and television, the Awards also recognize achievements in other branches of the media and arts, including theatre, music, journalism and advertising.

Honorees are selected by a process involving over 700 GLAAD Media Award voters and volunteers and are evaluated using four criteria: "Fair, Accurate and Inclusive Representations" of the LGBT community, "Boldness and Originality" of the project, significant "Cultural Impact" on mainstream culture, and "Overall Quality" of the project.  Results are then certified by a "Review Panel" who determine the final list of recipients based on voting results and their own "expert opinions".

The 1st GLAAD Media Awards ceremony honoring the 1989 season was held in 1990, and recognized 34 nominees in 7 competitive categories.
Burghart Klaußner
Burghart Klaußner (born 13 September 1949) is a German film actor. He received acting training at the Max-Reinhardt-Schule für Schauspiel in Berlin.

Klaußner had engagements at Maxim Gorki Theater in Berlin, Hamburger Kammerspiele and at the theaters in Cologne, Hamburg, Zürich, Bremen and Bochum. In Hamburg 2006, Klaußner also made his debut as a theater director. He has appeared in more than 90 films and television shows since 1983. He has also narrated many audiobooks, including Ian McEwan's Solar, and several Ferdinand von Schirach novels.

He is a member of the Deutsche Filmakademie and vice-president of the Freie Akademie der Künste in Hamburg since 2021.

Schauspiel Bochum
The Schauspielhaus Bochum is one of the notable drama theatres in Germany. It is located on Königsallee in Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia. Eric de Vroedt is an established guest director at the theatre.
Marigoule (chestnut)
Marigoule is the name of a French hybrid of chestnut (synonym M.15 or CA 15), cross between a European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and Japanese (Castanea crenata). In 1986, it originated from a Migoule orchard in Ussac in Corrèze. Marigoule (a contraction of Marron of Migoule) is a very tasty chestnut. It should be planted in rather low altitude in very sunny areas and protected from the wind (up to 300 m elevation for South-West orchard orientation or up to 400 m elevation in South-East orchard orientation). Otherwise its productivity remains small. In France, it is grown mainly South of the Dordogne and Lot-et-Garonne for the fresh market production because of the nuts beautiful appearance.

Corrèze
Corrèze (French pronunciation: [kɔʁɛz] ⓘ; Occitan: Corresa) is a department in France, named after the river Corrèze which runs through it. Although its prefecture is Tulle, its most populated city is Brive-la-Gaillarde. Corrèze is located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, on the border with Occitania and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

In 2019, Corrèze had a population of 240,073, divided among 279 communes. Its inhabitants are called Corréziens (masculine) and Corréziennes (feminine). Its INSEE and postal code is 19.
Ray Vickery
Raymond Ezekiel Vickery Jr. (born April 30, 1942) is an American attorney and politician. From 1974 to 1980, he served as a Democratic member of the Virginia House of Delegates. Rather than seek reelection in 1979, he challenged incumbent Charles Waddell for the Democratic nomination in Virginia's 33rd Senate district. In 1992, he unsuccessfully ran for Congress against Frank Wolf.

An expert on India–United States relations, he served as United States Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Trade Development under Bill Clinton.

Frank Wolf (politician)
Frank Rudolph Wolf (born January 30, 1939) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Virginia's 10th congressional district from 1981 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he announced in December 2013 that he would not seek re-election in 2014. He was succeeded by his former chief of staff and Republican state delegate Barbara Comstock. At the time of his retirement, he was the dean of the state's congressional delegation, having served for 34 consecutive years.
EMRTS Cymru
The Emergency Medical Retrieval and Transfer Service Cymru (EMRTS Cymru) is a pre-hospital critical care service in Wales. It is partnership between Wales Air Ambulance, Welsh Government and NHS Wales.

Welsh Government
The Welsh Government (Welsh: Llywodraeth Cymru, pronounced [ɬəˈwɔdraːɨθ ˈkəmrɨ]) is the devolved government of Wales. It consists of cabinet secretaries and ministers. The government is led by the first minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru), who selects ministers with the approval of the Senedd. The government is responsible for tabling policy in devolved areas (such as health, education, economic development, transport and local government) for consideration by the Senedd and implementing policy that has been approved by it.

The current Welsh Government is a Labour minority administration, following the 2021 Senedd election. It is led by Eluned Morgan who has been the first minister of Wales since August 2024.