hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-438
German submarine U-438 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The submarine was laid down on 25 April 1940 at the Schichau-Werke yard as yard number 1480 in Danzig, launched on 6 September 1941 and commissioned on 22 November 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Rudolf Franzius.

The city of Berlin adopted the submarine within the popular sponsorship programme (Patenschaftsprogramm), organising gifts and holidays for the crew and earning her the honorary name of U-438 Berlin. The U-boat served with the 8th U-Boat Flotilla for her training and later with the 9th Flotilla from 1 August 1942 to her loss on 6 May 1943. U-438 completed four patrols, sinking three ships, totalling 12,045 gross register tons (GRT) and damaging one ship totalling 5,496 GRT.

She was a member of ten wolfpacks.

8th U-boat Flotilla
The 8th U-boat Flotilla (German 8. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in June 1941 in Königsberg under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg-Wilhelm Schulz, who also at this time commanded the 6th U-boat Flotilla in Danzig. It was primarily a training flotilla but in the last months of the war some flotilla boats were in combat against the Soviet Navy in the Baltic Sea. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1945.
Den Blå Avis
Den Blå Avis Racing Team was a Danish auto racing team owned by the buying and selling platform: Den Blå Avis, whom competed in the FIA Formula 3000 Championship. The team has also competed in the Eurocup Formula Renault series in the 2001–2002 seasons.

Formula Renault Eurocup
Formula Renault Eurocup was a Formula Renault motor racing championship. Eurocup raced only on European circuits.

It served as a support series to the Formula Renault 3.5 Series as part of the World Series by Renault from 2005 to 2015. Renault Sport offered a prize of €500,000  to the winner of the Eurocup until 2015. Following the 2020 season, the Formula Renault Eurocup merged with the Formula Regional European Championship due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Majella O'Donnell
Majella O'Donnell (born Majella Roche, 14 April 1960) is an Irish singer, businesswoman and charity campaigner from Thurles, County Tipperary. She came to public attention upon her engagement to singer Daniel O'Donnell. A survivor of cancer, she has raised money for the Irish Cancer Society.

Phillip Schofield
Phillip Bryan Schofield (/skoʊfiːld/ SKOH-field; born 1 April 1962) is an English television presenter. He began his UK television career as a Children's BBC continuity announcer from 1985 to 1987, and went on to present a wide range of high-profile programmes for the BBC and ITV, including Going Live! (1987–1993), This Morning (2002–2023), Dancing on Ice (2006–2014, 2018–2023), All Star Mr & Mrs (2008–2016), and The Cube (2009–2015, 2020–2021).

In February 2020, Schofield came out as gay and separated from his wife of 27 years. In May 2023, he admitted that before leaving his wife he had carried on an extramarital affair with a young male ITV co-worker. Amid extensive media coverage, Schofield resigned from ITV, was removed as an ambassador for the Prince's Trust, and was dropped by the talent agency that had represented him for over 35 years.
Bonchis munitalis
Bonchis munitalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Bonchis. It was described by Julius Lederer in 1863, and is known from Honduras, the Dominican Republic, Brazil and Venezuela. It is also found in the southern United States, including Florida. Adults of this species were found in the month of October. Host plants include, Crescentia cujeta, Parmentiera cereifera, and Tabebuia rosea.

Crescentia cujete
Crescentia cujete, commonly known as the calabash tree, is a species of flowering plant. It is a medium-sized tree in the trumpet vine family Bignoniaceae native to the Americas, and which is grown in Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America, South America, the West Indies and extreme southern Florida. It is the national tree of St. Lucia. It is a dicotyledonous plant with simple leaves, which are alternate or in fascicles (clusters) on short shoots. Its fruit is up to 30 cm (12 in) long by 25 cm (9.8 in) wide. According to Bailey, it can occasionally be 45–50 cm (18–20 in) wide.  It is naturalized in India. The tree shares its common name with that of the vine calabash, or bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria).

In Cuba, this tree is known to grow in both disturbed habitat and areas of poor drainage. It can grow up to 10 m (33 ft) tall.
Krsna Solo
Krsna Solo (born Amitav Sarkar) is a music composer, singer-songwriter and a music producer from India, who debuted with the popular Hindi film Tanu Weds Manu in 2011. Among his awards are a Filmfare R.D. Burman Award, Stardust Award for Best New Music Director. His work also includes Jolly LLB, Tanu Weds Manu Returns, Tamanchey, Oonga and more. One of his mentionable international score is for the documentary called India's Daughter by Leslee Udwin.

Oonga (film)
Oonga is a Hindi and Oriya film directed by Devashish Makhija, and produced by Speaking Tree Pictures & Moo Print Pictures. It is a story of a little adivasi boy's obsession with becoming Rama, set against the backdrop of corrupt land mining activities threatening to destroy his village and the civil strife it leads to. The film stars Nandita Das, Seema Biswas, Salim Kumar and Raju Singh  (as Oonga).

Oonga had its world premiere at the New York Indian Film Festival on 3 May 2013; and was screened in the 'India Gold' section at the 15th Mumbai Film Festival; the 13th River to River Florence Indian film festival 2013  and the Indian film festival at Melbourne 2014. Oonga is also a part of the international competition at the International Film Festival of Kerala 2014.
Hotel Silken Puerta América
Hotel Silken Puerta América is a luxury Silken Hotel in Madrid, Spain. The exterior was designed by Jean Nouvel. The hotel's most defining characteristic is the design of each floor by a different architectural firm, including those of Norman Foster, Zaha Hadid, Ron Arad and Arata Isozaki.

Hoteles Silken
Silken Hotels is a hotel chain based in Spain, founded by Antón Iraculis, A bussinesman known for being responsible for the Isozaki Towers in Bilbao. Silken was founded in 1995,and through its history has created a great hotel empire in spain.
Adam Gerle
Adam Gerle is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Yukon Legislative Assembly in the 2025 Yukon general election. He represents the electoral district of Porter Creek South as a member of the Yukon Party.

Gerle is a brand and marketing specialist at Northern Vision Development.

Yukon Legislative Assembly
The Yukon Legislative Assembly (French: Assemblée législative du Yukon) is the legislative assembly for Yukon, Canada. Unique among Canada's three territories, the Yukon Legislative Assembly is the only territorial legislature which is organized along political party lines. In contrast, in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, their legislative assemblies are elected on a non-partisan basis and operate on a consensus government model.

Each member represents one electoral district, elected through first-past-the-post voting. Members of the Legislative Assembly are sworn in by the commissioner of Yukon.
Strada del Sole
"Strada del Sole" is a song recorded in 1981 by Austrian singer Rainhard Fendrich. The song reached #1 in his home country and was his first of several No. 1 hits. It was also the lead single of his second album Und alles is ganz anders word'n.

The song is written in Viennese German, but with several Italianisms included, such as Mei Freindin is oposcht mit an Italiano (My girlfriend has gone away with an Italian). It is about a young man from Vienna who went for a holiday together with his girlfriend in Italy, but then one of the natives flirted with his girlfriend, and then she went away with him. Now he has no money, but he wants to go back to Vienna so badly. He ends the song with: I steh aufs Gänseheifl (Gänsehäufl = outdoor public swimming pool in Vienna), auf Italien pfeif i!.

Viennese German
Viennese German (Viennese: Weanarisch, Weanerisch; Standard German: Wienerisch) is the city dialect spoken in Vienna, the capital of Austria, and is counted among the Bavarian dialects. It is distinct from written Standard German in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Even in Lower Austria, the state surrounding the city, many of its expressions are not used, while farther to the west they are often not even understood.
1987 Philippine constitutional plebiscite
A constitutional plebiscite was held in the Philippines on February 2, 1987. The plebiscite is pursuant to Presidential Proclamation No. 3, which was issued on March 25, 1986, by President Corazon Aquino. It abolished the Office of the Prime Minister and the Regular Batasang Pambansa (English: National Assembly). Multi-party elections were held accordingly in 1987.

As of 2026, this remains the only constitutional plebiscite held in the present Fifth Republic.

Regular Batasang Pambansa
The Regular Batasang Pambansa (English: Regular National Assembly), or the First Batasang Pambansa, was the meeting of the Batasang Pambansa from the beginning of its session on July 23, 1984 until it was abolished by President Corazon Aquino on March 25, 1986.
King bioregion
King is an interim Australian bioregion which includes King Island, the Hunter Islands, Robbins Island, and the north-western tip of Tasmania. The bioregion covers 425,567 hectares (1,051,600 acres).

King Island, located at the western entrance to Bass Strait, is home to a range of native plants and animals, some of which are under threat of extinction. Plant species under threat include, but are not restricted to, native orchids and ferns, whilst the animal species include the locally endemic threatened birds, the King Island brown thornbill (Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi) and King Island scrubtit (Acanthornis magna greeniana).

Scrubtit
The scrubtit (Acanthornis magna) is a species of bird in the thornbill family Acanthizidae. It is endemic to Tasmania and King Island in Australia. Its natural habitat is the temperate rainforest, Nothofagus beech forest and eucalypt woodland. It is a small species that resembles the Sericornis scrubwrens (with which it was once placed).
Nasiphi Moya
Dr Hazel Nasiphi Moya is a South African public servant serving as the Executive Mayor of the City of Tshwane since 9 October 2024. She was born in Mpikwana in Mthatha, Eastern Cape in 1988. She is a member of ActionSA.

ActionSA
ActionSA is a political party in South Africa established in 2020 by Herman Mashaba, a former mayor of Johannesburg, shortly after he left the Democratic Alliance (DA).

The party states that it has been established to "set South Africa free from the restraints of a broken political system and build a prosperous, non-racial and secure future for all its people." and that it follows the ideal of "Act as One to build a prosperous, non-racial and secure future for all South Africans."

In the 2024 general election, ActionSA won six seats in the National Assembly with 1.2% of the vote.  In June 2024, ActionSA declined an invitation to join the ANC-led Government of National Unity.
Tipitakadhara Tipitakakovida Selection Examinations
The Tipiṭakadhara Tipiṭakakovida Selection Examinations (Burmese: တိပိဋကဓရ တိပိဋကကောဝိဒ ရွေးချယ်ရေး စာမေးပွဲ) are the highest-level monastic examinations held annually in Burma since 1948, organized by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. It tests the candidates' memory of Tripiṭaka (or "Three Baskets") both in oral (five levels) and in written components (five levels). The examinations require candidates to display their mastery of "doctrinal understanding, textual discrimination, taxonomic grouping and comparative philosophy of Buddhist doctrine." A Sayadaw who has passed all levels of the examinations is often referred as the Sutabuddha (lit. 'The Buddha of Knowledge').

Rote learning
Rote learning is a memorization technique based on repetition. The method rests on the premise that the  recall of repeated material becomes faster the more one repeats it. Some of the alternatives to rote learning include meaningful learning, associative learning, spaced repetition and active learning.
1995–96 Coupe de la Ligue
The 1995–96 Coupe de la Ligue began on 23 August 1995 and the final took place on 6 April 1996 at the Stade de France. Paris Saint-Germain were the defending champions, but were knocked-out by Guingamp in the Second round. Metz went on to win the tournament, beating Lyon 5–4 on penalties in the final.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
Lone Star State of Mind (film)
Lone Star State of Mind is a 2002 American teen crime comedy film directed by David Semel. It stars Joshua Jackson, Jaime King, Matthew Davis, Ryan Hurst and DJ Qualls. It follows a Texas car mechanic who gets involved in a drug-related money larceny.

David Semel
David Semel is an American film and television director and producer.

Semel joined the Directors Guild of America in 1989. His television directing credits include Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, Person of Interest, Ally McBeal, Boston Public, 7th Heaven, No Ordinary Family, American Horror Story, Roswell, Angel, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Watchmen and other series. He also directed and produced episodes of Life, House, American Dreams, Beverly Hills, 90210 and Dawson's Creek.

In 2007, Semel was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for directing the pilot episode of Heroes. He was also nominated the previous year for his producing work on House.

Semel has also directed two feature films, Campfire Tales (1997) and Lone Star State of Mind (2002).

He also directed the 2017 series premiere of Star Trek: Discovery, "The Vulcan Hello".
1902 Balmain South state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Balmain South on 6 December 1902 because of the resignation of Sydney Law from Labour and the parliament. Following the 1901 election, the Progressive Party had formed a government with the support of Labour. In 1902 a man named Moss Friedman had been found guilty by a jury, however the judge disagreed with the guilty verdict. The Attorney General, Bernhard Wise, remitted Friedman's sentence and Joseph Carruthers, the Leader of the Opposition, moved a motion in the Legislative Assembly to censure Wise. Law voted in support of the motion despite a Labour decision to oppose it. Law chose to resign and recontest the seat as an Independent Labour candidate.

Electoral district of Balmain South
Balmain South was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1894. It was abolished in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90 and was reabsorbed into the district of Balmain.
Battle of Caravaggio
The Battle of Caravaggio was fought near Caravaggio, in Lombardy (northern Italy), between the armies of the Ambrosian Republic (Milan's short lived republic) and the Republic of Venice, on 15 September 1448.

The commander of the Milanese army was the condottiero Francesco Sforza, who later, with the help of the same Venetian armies, would conquer Milan and establish himself as its duke.

Condottiero
Condottieri (Italian: [kondotˈtjɛːri]; singular: condottiero or condottiere) were Italian military leaders active during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The term originally referred specifically to commanders of mercenary companies, derived from the Italian word condotta—the contract under which they served a city-state or lord. The word condottiero thus meant 'contractor'. Over time, however, in Italian usage, condottiero came to mean any 'commander' or 'military leader'.
Aerobic methane production
Aerobic methane production is a potential biological pathway for atmospheric methane (CH4) production under oxygenated conditions. The existence of this pathway was first theorized in 2006. While significant evidence suggests the existence of this pathway, it remains poorly understood and its existence is controversial. Naturally occurring methane is mainly produced by the process of methanogenesis, a form of anaerobic respiration used by microorganisms as an energy source. Methanogenesis usually only occurs under anoxic conditions. By contrast, aerobic methane production is thought to occur in oxygenated environments under near-ambient conditions. The process involves non-microbial methane generation from terrestrial plant-matter. Temperature and ultraviolet light are thought to be key factors in this process. Methane may also be produced under aerobic conditions in near-surface ocean water, a process which likely involves the degradation of methylphosphonate.

Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2) in its electron transport chain.

In aerobic organisms, electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain, and the final electron acceptor is oxygen. Molecular oxygen is an excellent electron acceptor. Anaerobes instead use less-oxidizing (in either thermodynamic or kinetics sense) substances such as nitrate (NO−3), fumarate (C4H2O2−4), sulfate (SO2−4), or elemental sulfur (S). These terminal electron acceptors have smaller reduction potentials than O2. Less energy per oxidized molecule is released. Therefore, anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic.
Handelman
Handelman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Marc Handelman (born 1975), American painter

Michelle Handelman (born 1960), American artist

Stanley Myron Handelman (1929–2007), American comedian and actor

Marc Handelman
Marc Handelman (born Santa Clara, California, 1975) is an American painter living and working in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) earning a BFA in Painting in 1998, with an Art History concentration. He spent two of those years at RISD at the European Honors Program, studying in Rome.  In 2003, he was awarded an  MFA in Visual Arts from Columbia University.

He is known for large scale paintings, landscapes and abstract images. Handelman's work has been shown internationally and has been featured in the USA Today exhibition at the Royal Academy in London. He has participated in exhibitions at several prominent commercial galleries such as Lombard-Freid Fine Arts, Elizabeth Dee Gallery in New York, and Marc Selwyn Fine Art in Los Angeles. He is represented by Sikkema Jenkins & Co. in New York.
John Matthew Galwey
John Matthew Galwey (1787 or 1788 – 25 March 1842) was an Irish politician.

Galwey lived at Duckspool in County Waterford.  He managed the estates of Lord Donoughmore and Lord Cremorne.

Galwey stood in the 1832 UK general election as an Irish Repeal candidate in both Dungarvan and in County Waterford.  He narrowly lost the first, but won a seat in the second, as an Irish Repeal candidate.  At the 1835 UK general election, he only contested Dungarvan, where he was defeated by a larger margin.  He was again unsuccessful there in 1835 and 1837 by-elections, and at the 1837 UK general election.

1837 United Kingdom general election
The 1837 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 July to 18 August 1837, following the death of King William IV and the accession of Queen Victoria. The election saw the Whigs secure their fourth consecutive victory, though the Conservatives, led by Robert Peel, continued to gain ground.

The election marked the last time that a Parliament was dissolved as a result of the demise of the Crown. The dissolution of Parliament six months after a demise of the Crown, as provided for by the Succession to the Crown Act 1707, was abolished by the Reform Act 1867.
Heritage Christian School (Oregon)
Heritage Christian School was a private, non-denominational Christian school in Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1997, the school offered classes from kindergarten through twelfth grade before closing in 2009. The school was part of the Classical Christian education movement and had 222 students in its final year.

Northwest Accreditation Commission
The Northwest Accreditation Commission (NWAC), formerly named the Northwest Association of Accredited Schools, is a non-governmental organization that provides accreditation to educational institutions in the Northwestern United States. The Commission accredits K–12, elementary, middle, and high schools; those offering distance education; non- degree-granting postsecondary institutions; and special purpose, supplementary education, travel education, and trans-regional schools in seven states in the northwestern United States. Formerly an independent entity based in Boise, Idaho, it is now a division of AdvancED.

The commission operates in seven states: Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Now it operates in India also in collaboration with SERI India. The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities, which also serves this geographic territory, operates as the postsecondary equivalent of the NWAC.
Children's Wharf
Children's Wharf (until recently known as Museum Wharf) is a wharf on Congress Street in Boston, Massachusetts, on the Fort Point Channel with views of the Financial District and Boston Harbor. The wharf has sitting areas, patches of lawn, and several tourist attractions.

By way of the Congress Street Bridge, Children's Wharf is a short walk from South Station, one of Boston's principal transportation hubs. The wharf is one of the more easily accessible locations on the Harborwalk, a newly established walking tour akin to the Freedom Trail, intended to take advantage of the change in landscape brought about by the Big Dig.

Boston Harborwalk
Boston Harborwalk is a public walkway that follows the edge of piers, wharves, beaches, and shoreline around Boston Harbor. When fully completed it will extend a distance of 47 miles (76 km) from East Boston to the Neponset River.
Kudamattam
Kudamattam is a 1997 Indian Malayalam-language romance action drama film written by Navaz Babu and directed by Sundar Das who also produced the film under the banner of Aaradhana Arts. The film stars Vijayaraghavan and Biju Menon in lead roles. And Dileep, Manju Warrier, Mohini and Kalabhavan Mani in the supporting roles. The film has musical score by Johnson.

Kalabhavan Mani
Kunnisseri Veettil Raman Mani (1 January 1971 – 6 March 2016), better known by his stage name Kalabhavan Mani, was an Indian actor and singer. Mani started his career as a mimic with the Kalabhavan comedy troupe.  He had starred in over 250 films, including Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu films, and was renowned for his humorous characters and villain roles.

Mani won National Film Award – Special Jury Award and Kerala State Film Awards for his performance as Ramu in Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum (1999). He was the first actor from kerala who won the National Film Award - Special Jury Award in the history of Malayalam film industry.