hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from January to June 2022.

There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The numbers of cases and deaths are reported on a government Web site updated daily during the pandemic. The UK-wide COVID Symptom Study based on surveys of four million participants, endorsed by authorities in Scotland and Wales, run by health science company ZOE, and analysed by King's College London researchers, publishes daily estimates of the number of new and total current COVID-19 infections (excluding care homes) in UK regions, without restriction to only laboratory-confirmed cases.

Graham Brady
Graham Stuart Brady, Baron Brady of Altrincham, PC (born 20 May 1967), is a British politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Altrincham and Sale West from 1997 to 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the chairman of the 1922 Committee from 2010 to 2024, except for a brief period during the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election.

Brady served as a shadow minister under four Conservative leaders before resigning in 2007 in protest at David Cameron's opposition to grammar schools. On 1 December 2010, Brady was voted "Backbencher of the Year" by The Spectator at its annual parliamentary awards.

During his tenure as 1922 Committee chairman, Brady has overseen the election of three Conservative Party leaders and Prime Ministers (Theresa May, Liz Truss and Rishi Sunak) as well as votes of no confidence in May and Boris Johnson.

Brady stepped down as an MP at the 2024 general election and was appointed to the House of Lords.
Ysgol Gymraeg Bro Morgannwg
Ysgol Gymraeg Bro Morgannwg (previously Ysgol Gyfun Bro Morgannwg) is a Welsh-medium comprehensive school in the town of Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, on the coast of south Wales. It is located adjacent to Barry Hospital and Whitmore High School, Barry. It is currently the only Welsh-medium comprehensive school in the county.

Pupils come from a wide area, which includes Barry, Wenvoe, Rhoose, Penarth, Sully, Dinas Powys, Cowbridge, Llantwit Major and St Athan.

The school was established in September 2000, in what was formerly the Lower School of Barry Comprehensive School. By 2002, there were 24 teachers and 369 pupils in year 7 to 9 at the school. A quarter of the pupils came from homes where one parent could speak Welsh, and 6% came from homes where both parents could speak Welsh. The school won over 7 awards at the Urdd National Eisteddfod in 2017, and is typically successful for its all-round talents in all fields.

Vale of Glamorgan
The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg [ˈbroː mɔrˈɡanʊɡ]), locally referred to as The Vale, is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It borders Bridgend County Borough to the west, Cardiff to the east, Rhondda Cynon Taf to the north, and the Bristol Channel to the south. With an economy based largely on agriculture and chemicals, it is the southernmost unitary authority in Wales. Attractions include Barry Island Pleasure Park, the Barry Tourist Railway, Medieval wall paintings in St Cadoc's Church, Llancarfan, Porthkerry Park, St Donat's Castle, Cosmeston Lakes Country Park and Cosmeston Medieval Village. The largest town is Barry. Other towns include Penarth, Llantwit Major, and Cowbridge. There are many villages in the county borough.
The Genuine Particle
The Genuine Particle was a one-off comedy special, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 10 September 2008, to commemorate the switching of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. It was written by Steve Punt and produced by David Tyler, and starred Reece Shearsmith, Geoffrey Whitehead, Nicola Walker, Adrian Scarborough, Ingrid Oliver, and Ben Willbond.

The show was set hundreds of meters underground on the day of the opening of the Large Hadron Collider, and centred around time travel, wormholes, and a lost security pass.  It was published by Penguin Random House as an audio play, and is also available on Audible.

Ben Willbond
Benjamin Thomas Willbond (born 18 January 1973) is an English actor and screenwriter best known as a member of the British Them There collective, for which he has written and starred in productions including Horrible Histories, Yonderland, and Ghosts.

Along with fellow Them There member Laurence Rickard, he co-wrote the 2015 feature film Bill and 2022 feature-length television comedy We Are Not Alone.
BT Broadband
BT Broadband is a broadband service offered by BT Consumer; a division of BT Group in the United Kingdom. It was formerly known as BT Total Broadband, BT Yahoo! Broadband and BT Openworld. With the introduction of BT Infinity, the Broadband package now refers to the legacy ADSL broadband products, such as ADSL Max and ADSL2+.

G.992.5
G.992.5 (also referred to as ADSL2+, G.dmt.bis+, and G.adslplus) is an ITU-T standard for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) broadband Internet access. The standard has a maximum theoretical downstream sync speed of 24 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Utilizing G.992.5 Annex M upstream sync speeds of 3.3 Mbit/s can be achieved.
Pierre Falardeau
Pierre Falardeau (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ falaʁdo]; December 28, 1946 – September 25, 2009) was a Québécois film and documentary director, pamphleteer and noted activist for Quebec independence.

Falardeau wrote at least one book,  Rien n'est plus précieux que la liberté et l'indépendance. He died on September 25, 2009, following a long battle with cancer. He was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

Following his death, he was the subject of the 2010 documentary film Falardeau.

Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery (French: Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges, pronounced [simtjɛʁ nɔtʁə dam de nɛʒ]) is a 139-hectare (340-acre) rural cemetery located in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, which was founded in 1854. The entrance and the grounds run along a part of Côte-des-Neiges Road and up the slopes of Mount Royal. Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Canada by number of burials and the third-largest in North America.
Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Mardin
The Archeparchy of Mardin is a titular see and was historically a non-metropolitan Archeparchy of the Armenian Catholic Church, covering Turkey and Iraq.

In 1907, were 8,000 Armenian Catholics, 16 Armenian priests, 8 churches, and 10 chapels in the archeparchy. Between 3 and 4 June 1915, during the Armenian Genocide, 420 of the leading Christians of Mardin including the archbishop of Mardin, Saint Ignatius Maloyan, were arrested. Many were forced to march into the desert and were killed for their faith.

Eparchy
Eparchy (Greek: ἐπαρχία eparchía "overlordship") is an ecclesiastical unit in Eastern Christianity that is equivalent to a diocese in Western Christianity. An eparchy is governed by an eparch, who is a bishop. Depending on the administrative structure of a specific Eastern Church, an eparchy can belong to an ecclesiastical province (usually a metropolis), but it can also be exempt. Each eparchy is divided into parishes, in the same manner as a diocese in Western Churches. Historical development of eparchies in various Eastern Churches was marked by local distinctions that can be observed in modern ecclesiastical practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches.
Cussen
Cussen is a surname in the English and Irish languages. In English, it is generally described as a matronymic, derived from the Middle English Cust, a pet name for Custance, and son, as in 'son of Cust'. In Irish, the surname is likely a variant of "Cousin", which is derived from the Middle English cusin or cosin, meaning 'kinsman or cousin'.

Notable people with the surname include:

Cliodhna Cussen, Irish sculptor married to activist and writer Pádraig Ó Snodaigh, and mother of Aengus Ó Snodaigh

Laurence Cussen (1843–1903), New Zealand surveyor

Leo Cussen (1859–1933), Australian judge

Michael Cussen (born 1984), Irish hurler

Matronymic
A matronymic is a personal name or a parental name based on the given name of one's mother, grandmother, or any female ancestor. It is the female equivalent of a patronymic. Around the world, matronymic surnames are far less common than patronymic surnames. In some cultures in the past, matronymic last names were often given to children of unwed mothers. Additionally, if a woman was especially well known or powerful, her descendants might adopt a matronym based on her name. A matronymic is a derived name, as compared to a matriname, which is an inherited name from a mother's side of the family, and which is unchanged.
Keroche Breweries
Keroche Breweries  is a Kenyan brewer and alcoholic beverages manufacturer. Founded in 1997 by Tabitha Karanja and her husband Joseph Karanja as a fortified wine maker, the company has grown to be the second largest alcoholic beverages producer in Kenya. The company's headquarters is located in Naivasha, Kenya. The Karanja family are the company's majority shareholders as well as C-Suite executives. The company's flagship brand is Summit Lager. It also brews Summit Malt and KB Lager. The company also produces a range of wines under the Valley Wines brand, ready-to-drink vodkas under its Viena Ice brand and spirits including dry gin, whiskey, brandy and vodka under its Crescent brand.

Fortified wine
Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, has been added. In the course of some centuries, winemakers have developed many different styles of fortified wine, including  port, sherry,  madeira,  Marsala, Commandaria wine, and the aromatised wine vermouth.
Zain Bhikha
Zain Bhikha is a South African singer-songwriter, vocalist, and drummer who performs Islamic nasheeds. Associated with other Muslim singers, including Yusuf Islam and Dawud Wharnsby, Bhikha has collaborated on albums and also released several solo albums.

Bhikha sometimes performs with a djembe or daf and several backup vocalists who were the African singers in the Disney cartoon movie The Lion King. He is widely known for the 2000 release A is for Allah.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
Balcairn
Balcairn is a settlement in the Hurunui District in north Canterbury, near the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is on State Highway 72, about 40 km (25 mi) north of Christchurch. It was the seat of Kowai County Council.

Inland Scenic Route
The Inland Scenic Route is a north–south touring route in Canterbury, New Zealand. In the north, the route starts in Amberley and in the south, it ends at Orari Bridge where it meets State Highway 79 (SH 79). It is on the New Zealand Automobile Association's list of 101 things that "Kiwis must do". It is mostly a two lane road, with several one lane bridges throughout the route.

Inland Scenic Route 72 was initially known as State Highway 72, until 1991 when it, along with several other roads were removed from their highway status and handed over to the respective territorial authorities by the NZ Transport Agency (Waka Kotahi) as part of a wider re-alignment of the national highway network to focus on major travel routes.
Tomendeh
Tomendeh is a village in Kono District in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone. Virtually all homes in the village were burned during the Sierra Leone civil war. The Kono make up the largest ethnic group in the village and their Kono language is most widely spoken language in the village.

Kono language (Sierra Leone)
The Kono language (Kɔnɔ) is a language spoken in Sierra Leone by the Kono people. The Kono District is situated in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone and contains 14 chiefdoms, each headed by a Paramount Chief. The language varies slightly between chiefdoms.

Kono distinguishes high tone and low tone on syllables:
Salempur, SBS Nagar
Salempur is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away from branch post office Bahloor Kalan, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Nawanshahr, 17 kilometres (11 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 85 kilometres (53 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Nawanshahr
Nawanshahr (Punjabi pronunciation: [nə.ʋä̃ːʃɛ́ːɾ]) is a municipal council in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was previously a town;  it later became a district in 1995.
Malignant transformation
Malignant transformation is the process by which cells acquire the properties of cancer. This may occur as a primary process in normal tissue, or secondarily as malignant degeneration of a previously existing benign tumor.

Werner syndrome helicase
Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase, also known as DNA helicase, RecQ-like type 3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WRN gene. WRN is a member of the RecQ Helicase family.  Helicase enzymes generally unwind and separate double-stranded DNA. These activities are necessary before DNA can be copied in preparation for cell division (DNA replication). Helicase enzymes are also critical for making a blueprint of a gene for protein production, a process called transcription. Further evidence suggests that Werner protein plays a critical role in repairing DNA. Overall, this protein helps maintain the structure and integrity of a person's DNA.

The WRN gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 8 between positions 12 and 11.2, from base pair 31,010,319 to base pair 31,150,818.
Gloria Pizzichini
Gloria Pizzichini (born 24 July 1975) is an Italian former tennis player.

On 18 November 1996, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 45. In the same year, she won her only WTA Tour title. In the 1996 "M" Electronika Cup final, she defeated domestic player Silvija Talaja 6–2, 6–0 to collect the trophy. In her career, Pizzichini defeated players such as Julie Halard, Iva Majoli and Ruxandra Dragomir. She was the first player to be beaten by Elena Dementieva in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament, at the 1999 Australian Open.

Iva Majoli
Iva Majoli (born 12 August 1977) is a Croatian former professional tennis player who competed for both Yugoslavia and Croatia. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 4, in February 1996. Majoli won eight WTA Tour-level singles titles, including three Tier I events and a major at the 1997 French Open, defeating world No. 1 Martina Hingis in the final.
David Criswell
David R. Criswell (July 17, 1941 – September 10, 2019) was the Director of the Institute for Space Systems Operations at the University of Houston.  ISSO is the operational agent for the Houston Partnership for Space Exploration.

Criswell received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1963 (graduating cum laude) and a Master of Science degree in Physics in 1964 from the University of North Texas, in Denton, Texas.  In 1968, he received a Doctorate degree in space physics and Astronomy from Rice University in Houston, Texas.

He was an active member of the Power from Space Committee of the International Astronautical Federation and participated in IAF and United Nations Summits dealing with supplying energy to Earth.  He also served on the Board of Governors of the National Space Society, a non-profit space advocacy organization in Washington, D.C.

Space advocacy
Space advocacy is supporting or advocating human activity in outer space. The advocated purposes range from orbital flight, space exploration, commercialization of space and space settlement, to outright space colonization.

There are many different individuals and organizations dedicated to space advocacy. They are usually active in educating the public on space-related subjects, lobbying governments for increased funding in space-related activities or supporting private space activities.

They also recruit members, fund projects, and provide information for their membership and interested visitors. They are sub-divided into three categories depending on their primary work: practice, advocacy, and theory.
Mosquito Squadron
Mosquito Squadron is a 1969 British war film made by Oakmont Productions, directed by Boris Sagal and starring David McCallum.  The raid echoes Operation Jericho, a combined RAF–Maquis raid which freed French prisoners from Amiens prison in which the Mosquitos took part.

Operation Jericho
Operation Jericho (Ramrod 564) took place on 18 February 1944 during the Second World War. Allied aircraft bombed Amiens Prison in German-occupied France at very low altitude to blow holes in the prison walls, kill German guards and use shock waves to spring open cell doors. The French Resistance was waiting on the outside to rescue prisoners and spirit them away.

Mosquito fighter-bombers breached the walls, prison buildings and destroyed the guards' barracks. Of the 832 prisoners, 102 were killed by the bombing, 74 were wounded and 258 escaped, including 79 Resistance members and political prisoners; two-thirds of the escapees were recaptured.

Two Mosquitos and a Typhoon fighter escort were shot down and another Typhoon was lost at sea. The raid is notable for the precision and daring of the attack, which was filmed by a camera on one of the Mosquitos. There is debate as to who requested the attack and whether it was necessary.
Play a Love Song
"Play a Love Song" is a song by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Hikaru Utada. It is their fourth single under the label Epic Records Japan, from their seventh Japanese-language studio album Hatsukoi. The song was released as a digital download on April 25, 2018 and was being used as a tie-in for Tennensui Suntory Water.

Suntory
Suntory Holdings Limited is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of Western-style alcoholic beverages in Japan and one of the largest drinks companies in the world following its acquisition of Beam, Inc. in 2014.

Suntory produces a number of well-known alcohol and soft drink brands, including Jim Beam, Lucozade, Orangina, Maker's Mark, Ribena, and a range of Japanese whiskies. The company is headquartered in Osaka and employs 40,000 people globally.
It Was Raining That Night
It Was Raining That Night is an English-Bengali bilingual film. Written and directed by Indian actor-director Mahesh Manjrekar, it is a relationship drama. The film was notable for being a joint production of India, United States and Bangladesh and stars Riaz, Riya Sen, Sushmita Sen, Victor Banerjee, Mahesh Manjrekar, Moon Moon Sen, Atit Shah, Dawn Moeller and Stefanie Siegel. The film remains unreleased.

Victor Banerjee
Victor Banerjee (born 15 October 1946) is an Indian actor who appears in English, Hindi, Bengali and Assamese language films. He has worked with directors such as Roman Polanski, James Ivory, Sir David Lean, Jerry London, Ronald Neame, Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Shyam Benegal, and Montazur Rahman Akbar. He won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Ghare Baire. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2022 for his contribution to cinema by the Indian Government in the field of art.
Edward Givens
Edward Galen Givens Jr. (January 5, 1930 – June 6, 1967) was a United States Air Force officer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. Selected by NASA in 1966 as a member of the fifth astronaut group, he died in an automobile accident before being assigned to a prime or backup spaceflight crew.

Colin Burgess (author)
Colin Burgess (born March 1947) is an Australian author and historian, specializing in space flight and military history.  He is a former customer service manager for Qantas Airways, and a regular contributor to the collectSPACE online community. He lives in New South Wales.

Two of Burgess's co-authored 2007 books, Into That Silent Sea: Trailblazers of the Space Era, 1961–1965 and In the Shadow of the Moon: A Challenging Journey to Tranquility, 1965–1969 were named as finalists for the 2007 Eugene M. Emme Award given by the American Astronautical Society.

In the Shadow of the Moon was also named as "2009 Outstanding Academic Title" by Choice Magazine.
Lough Talt
Lough Talt (Irish: Loch Tailt) is a lake in the Ox Mountains of south County Sligo, Ireland. The lake is located between the villages of Tubbercurry and Bonniconlon on the R294 road. Lough Talt is part of the Lough Hoe Bog Special Area of Conservation, an area of montane bogland and oligotrophic lakes.

Lough Talt is the largest of the lakes in the Lough Hoe Bog area. It is a glacier lake and lies at 130 metres (430 ft) above sea level and measures 40 m (130 ft) at its deepest point. Its area is about 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi). The lake flows out to the Lough Talt River which eventually joins the River Moy. The lake has two crannogs (artificial islands).

Tubbercurry
Tubbercurry or Tobercurry (Irish: Tobar an Choire, meaning 'well of the corrie') is the second-largest town in terms of both population and land area in County Sligo, Ireland. It lies at the foot of the Ox Mountains, on the N17 national primary road, and is 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-west of Sligo town. The town is twinned with Viarmes in France. Tubbercurry achieved status as a Fairtrade town in September 2008.
GNU Assembler
The GNU Assembler, commonly known as gas or as, is the assembler developed by the GNU Project. It is the default back-end of GCC. It is used to assemble the GNU operating system and the Linux kernel, and various other software. It is a part of the GNU Binutils package.

The GAS executable is named as, the standard name for a Unix assembler. GAS is cross-platform, and both runs on and assembles for a number of different computer architectures. GAS is free software released under the GNU General Public License v3.

GNU
GNU (/ɡnuː/ ⓘ GNOO) is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025), which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).

GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a "technical means to a social end". Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman's book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about "the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice".