hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaius Atinius (praetor 188 BC)
Gaius Atinius served as military tribune in Gaul under the consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus in 194 BC. He is probably the same Gaius Atinius who served as praetor in 188, and received Hispania Ulterior as his province. He remained there as propraetor, defeating the Lusitani, before being killed during the siege of Hasta in 186 BC.

The historian Titus Livius does not assign him a cognomen, but the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology indicates that he was one of the Atinii Labeones. He does not appear to have been the same man as Gaius Atinius Labeo, praetor peregrinus in 195 BC, nor the same as Gaius Atinius Labeo, praetor in Sicilia in 190. He may have been a brother of the Marcus Atinius who was slain in Gaul while serving as praefectus socium under Sempronius in 194.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Udmurt State University
Udmurt State University (Udmurt: Удмурт кун университет; Russian: Удмуртский государственный университет) is a public university in the city of Izhevsk, Russia. Established in 1931, UdSU is in Udmurt Republic. In 1993, it was named among top twenty classical Russian universities, since then consistently ranks 14-16 out of 64 Russian universities.

As of 2025 over 14,000 students are enrolled at the Udmurt State University, which offers 86 different majors.  About 9,200 of them are full-time undergraduates.

Udmurtia
Udmurtia, officially the Udmurt Republic, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) an autonomous region of the Udmurts, Udmurtia, within Russia on November 4, 1920.
Iliopsoas
The iliopsoas muscle (/ˌɪlioʊˈsoʊ.əs/; from Latin  ile 'groin' and Ancient Greek  ψόᾱ (psóā) 'muscles of the loins') refers to the joined psoas major and the iliacus muscles. The two muscles are separate in the abdomen, but usually merge in the thigh. They are usually given the common name iliopsoas. The iliopsoas muscle joins to the femur at the lesser trochanter. It acts as the strongest flexor of the hip.

The iliopsoas muscle is supplied by the lumbar spinal nerves L1–L3 (psoas) and parts of the femoral nerve (iliacus).

Thigh
In anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb.

The single bone in the thigh is called the femur. This bone is very thick and strong (due to the high proportion of bone tissue), and forms a ball and socket joint at the hip, and a modified hinge joint at the knee.
New Hope Club (album)
New Hope Club is the self-titled debut studio album by British pop trio New Hope Club, released on 14 February 2020, by Hollywood, Virgin and Universal Records. The album features guest appearances from Mexican singer Danna Paola and Dutch-Moroccan DJ R3hab. Commercially, the album peaked at number 5 on the UK albums chart and number 7 on the Irish albums chart.

R3hab
Fadil El Ghoul (Arabic: فضيل الغول; born 2 April 1986), known by his stage name R3hab (stylized in all caps as R3HAB; pronounced "rehab"), is a Dutch-Moroccan DJ and record producer.

Ranked at number 12 on the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs in 2018, R3HAB has produced two full studio albums and has remixed songs for a wide variety of artists, including 5 Seconds of Summer, Katy Perry, Arashi, Everglow, Lady Gaga, Taylor Swift, Rihanna, Rammstein, Steve Aoki, The Chainsmokers, For King & Country, and KSI.
Cedar River Flow
The Cedar River Flow is a remote 640 acres (2.6 km2) shallow lake, created by the Wakely Dam on the Cedar River, where there are a number of campsites accessible via a gravel road, 14 miles (23 km) from Indian Lake or 23 miles (37 km) from Inlet. More campsites are accessible via canoe, around the Flow. It lies on the border between the Moose River Plains Wild Forest and the West Canada Lake Wilderness Area. Fish species present in the lake include brook trout, brown trout, and white sucker. There is a carry down boat access via a trail from the Northville-Lake Placid Trail on the west shore.

Cedar River Flow is an excellent, secluded spot for wilderness paddling. The Moose River flows through the area and is enclosed near the camping area by a small dam with a bridge over it.

West Canada Lake Wilderness Area
The West Canada Lake Wilderness Area is an Adirondack Park Forest Preserve management unit in the State of New York, USA.

The area contains 168 bodies of water covering 2,400 acres (9.7 km2), 78.3 miles (126 km) of foot trails, and 11 lean-tos.  The 138-mile (222 km) Northville-Placid Trail traverses it.
Katannilik Territorial Park
Katannilik Territorial Park ("the place of waterfalls") is a territorial park in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It was established in 1993 and has an area of 1,262 km2 (487 sq mi). The Soper River, part of the Canadian Heritage Rivers System, flows through the park.

Soper River
The Soper River (Inuktitut: Kuujuaq, meaning "the great river") (62°54′N 69°51′W﻿ / ﻿62.9°N 69.85°W﻿ / 62.9; -69.85﻿ (Soper River)) is a waterway on Baffin Island, Nunavut. The river flows over 100 km (62 mi) and then empties into Soper Lake and Pleasant Inlet.  The Soper River was designated a Canadian Heritage River in 1992.
Rambler Peak
Rambler Peak is a mountain located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.  The mountain is 23 km (14 mi) east of Gold River and 4 km (2 mi) southeast of Mount Colonel Foster

This mountain is a hydrographic divide located at the headwaters of the Elk River.  The Wolf, Elk, Ucoma Rivers and Cervus Creek all start at Rambler Peak.

Gold River, British Columbia
Gold River is a village municipality located close to the geographic centre of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. In terms of the Island's human geography it is considered to be part of the "North Island", even though it technically is on the Island's west coast.
Castle of Vila Nova de Cerveira
The Castle of Vila Nova de Cerveira (Portuguese: Castelo de Vila Nova de Cerveira) is a medieval castle located in the civil parish of Vila Nova de Cerveira e Lovelhe, in the municipality of Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portuguese Viana do Castelo.

Viana do Castelo District
The Viana do Castelo District (Portuguese: Distrito de Viana do Castelo [viˈɐnɐ ðu kɐʃˈtɛlu] ⓘ) is a district located in the northwest of Portugal, bordered on the north by Spain (Galicia) and on the south by Braga District. It has an area of 2,255 km2 (871 sq mi) and a population of 252,011 (2006), for a density of 111.8 inhabitants/km2. The district capital is the city of Viana do Castelo.
Angelo Maria Angeli
Angelo Maria Angelo Flavio Comneno (Latin: Angelus Maria Angelus Flavius Comnenus; 1600 – 1678) was the Grand Master of the Constantinian Order of Saint George from 1634 to 1678. Angelo Maria's family, the Angelo Flavio Comneno, claimed descent from the Angelos dynasty of Byzantine emperors, and Angelo Maria also claimed the titles "Prince of Macedonia and Thessaly" and "Duke and Count of Drivasto and Durazzo".

Drisht
Drisht (Albanian definite form: Drishti) is a village, former bishopric and Latin titular see (Roman Catholic Diocese of Drivasto) with an Ancient and notable medieval history (Latin Drivastum, Italian Drivasto) in Albania, 6 km from Mesi Bridge (Albanian: Ura e Mesit). It is located in the former municipality Postribë in the Shkodër County. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Shkodër. The ruined 13th Century Drisht Castle is on a hilltop 300m above sea level. The ruins of the castle itself contains the remains of 11 houses, and below the ruins of the castle, and above the modern village of Drisht are further archeological remains of late-Roman and medieval Drivastum.
Northcroft
Northcroft is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Earle Northcroft (1896–1962), New Zealand botanist and physician

Erima Northcroft (1884–1953), New Zealand lawyer and judge, father of Nancy

George Northcroft (1869–1943), British orthodontist

Hilda Margaret Northcroft (1882–1951), New Zealand medical doctor

Jonathan Northcroft, Scottish sportswriter

Nancy Northcroft (1913–1980), New Zealand architect, daughter of Erima

Percy Northcroft (1886–1967), American football player and naval officer

George Northcroft
George Northcroft (1868 - 1943) was a British orthodontist who is known for his contributions in the formation of the British Orthodontic Society. The society was initially formed in 1907 as British Society for the Study of Orthodontics (BSSO) and the name later changed to British Orthodontic Society. He also played an important role in formation of the Dental Act of 1921 which made dentistry a profession in Great Britain.
French Upper Volta
Upper Volta (French: Haute-Volta) was a colony of French West Africa established in 1919 in the territory occupied by present-day Burkina Faso. It was formed from territories that had been part of the colonies of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Côte d'Ivoire. The colony was dissolved on 5 September 1932, with parts being administered by the Côte d'Ivoire, French Sudan and the Colony of Niger.

After World War II, on 4 September 1947, the colony was revived as a part of the French Union, with its previous boundaries. On 11 December 1958, it was reconstituted as the self-governing Republic of Upper Volta within the French Community, and two years later on 5 August 1960, it attained full independence. On 4 August 1984, the name was changed to Burkina Faso.

The name Upper Volta indicates that the country contains the upper part of the Volta River. The river is divided into three parts, called the Black Volta, White Volta and Red Volta.

White Volta
The White Volta or Nakambé (French: Volta blanche) is the headstream of the Volta River, Ghana's main waterway. The White Volta emerges in northern Burkina Faso, flows through Northern Ghana and empties into Lake Volta in Ghana. The White Volta's main tributaries are the Black Volta and the Red Volta.
Ojaotsa Springs
Ojaotsa Springs, also known as Serga Springs, is a set of springs in the village of Meremäe in Estonia. It is the source of Obinitsa Creek (also known as Tuhkvitsa Creek). The springs might potentially be rising springs forming a travertine deposit. Ojaotsa Springs belongs to the pre-selection of Natura 2000 nature conservation areas; it has 10 groundwater openings and a flow rate of 150 liters per second (5.3 cu ft/s).

Travertine
Travertine (/ˈtrævərtiːn/ ⓘ TRAV-ər-teen) is a form of fresh water limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and rusty varieties. It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave. In the latter, it can form stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems.

Travertine is frequently used in Italy and elsewhere as a building material. Similar, but softer and extremely porous deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa.
Absolute Batman
Absolute Batman is an American monthly superhero comic book series published by DC Comics, featuring the character Batman. The series, written by Scott Snyder and illustrated by Nick Dragotta, began publication on October 9, 2024, as the first title in DC's Absolute Universe (AU) imprint.

Superhero fiction
Superhero fiction is a subgenre of speculative fiction showcasing the adventures of costumed crime-fighters known as superheroes, who often possess superhuman powers and battle similarly powered criminals known as supervillains. The genre primarily falls between hard fantasy and soft science fiction in the spectrum of scientific realism, often merging into science fantasy. It is most commonly associated with comic books, though it has expanded into other media through adaptations and original works.
Rich Martell
Richard Lewis Martell (/mɑːrˈtɛl/; born 10 February 1989), known as Rich Martell, is a British entrepreneur and investor. He is best known as the founder of Floxx and the creator of the social networking website FitFinder. Martell is also the founder of Orderswift, a restaurant technology platform, and the co-owner of Buckmore Park Kart Circuit in Kent. He has appeared as a business mentor on the BBC television series Million Dollar Intern.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
The Parisian Sphinx
The Parisian Sphinx is an oil-on-canvas painting by Belgian painter Alfred Stevens. Painted between 1875 and 1877, it depicts a dreamy young woman (or aristocratic demi-monde) gently supporting her head with her hand. The painting is part of the permanent collection of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp. The Parisian Sphinx shows the influence of Vermeer and the other Netherlandish old masters on Stevens, and testifies to the Symbolist influence in the latter's day. It incorporates a harmonious juxtaposition of superficial Dutch realism with the spreading Symbolist manner, as opposed to the bottom-up, pluralistic symbolism of the declining Romanticism.

Beside being renowned for its realism and luminism, The Parisian Sphinx has been described as enigmatic. Critics agree in that the apparently realistic painting conceals a hidden meaning. Many point to the "hidden dangers behind feminine tenderness", and to the figure of the femme fatale.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Psycoloquy
Psycoloquy was a refereed interdisciplinary open access journal that was published from 1990 to 2002  and was sponsored by the American Psychological Association (APA) and indexed by APA's PsycINFO and the Institute for Scientific Information. The editor-in-chief was Stevan Harnad. A 1995 book on electronic publishing resulted from a listserv discussion about an article published in Psycoloquy.

Psycoloquy published articles and Open Peer Commentary in all areas of psychology as well as cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, artificial intelligence, robotics/vision, linguistics, and philosophy. Psycoloquy was suspended in 2002, and is now defunct.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Liga Nacional de Futbol Americano Masters
The Liga Nacional de Futbol Americano, Categoría Masters (LNF) was a semi-professional American football league in Mexico that played for seven seasons from 1990 to 1996.

The LNF, which successfully attracted many of Mexico's top college football players and coaches, marked a significant step towards professionalism in the country and directly influenced the foundation of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional in 2016. However, a sudden attempt to transition the LNF to fully professional in 1996 led to the demise of the league.

"Masters" category refers to senior or top-level competition, i.e. one level above college football, which is categorized as "Liga Mayor" (Major League).

Estadio de Béisbol Francisco I. Madero
Estadio Francisco I. Madero is a stadium in Saltillo, Mexico.  It is primarily used for baseball and is the home field of the Saraperos de Saltillo.  It holds 11,000 people, and features a video screen measuring 14 meters high by 22 meters wide (46 feet high by 72 feet wide).  The stadium is named after Coahuila native Francisco I. Madero who served as President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913.

The stadium was renovated in 1999, and again in 2011.  The reopening ceremony on 28 March 2011 followed the most recent renovations and was attended by Saraperos President Alvaro Law, former Saltillo Mayor Jericó Abramo Masso, and President of the Liga Mexicana de Béisbol Plinio Escalante Bolio.

In 2022, Dinos de Saltillo of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional, moved to the stadium due to an agreement between the club and the Saraperos.

In 2023, Saltillo F.C. of the Liga Premier de México moved to stadium temporarily due to reconstruction works on the Estadio Olímpico de Saltillo.
José Novoa
José Ignacio Novoa Behovide (born December 20, 1955) is a Spanish former handball player who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics and in the 1984 Summer Olympics.

In 1980 he was part of the Spanish team which finished fifth in the Olympic tournament. He played five matches and scored three goals.

Four years later he finished eighth with the Spanish team in the 1984 Olympic tournament. He played all six matches and scored seven goals.

Handball at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Handball at the 1984 Summer Olympics featured competition for men and women. Due to the USSR-led boycott some strong handball nations from Eastern Bloc did not compete; this gave an opportunity to the Yugoslav team to take both gold medals.  Games were played at Titan Gym in Fullerton, California, and the finals were at the Forum, later the Kia Forum, in Inglewood, California.
Alex de Jesús
Alexander "Alex" de Jesús (February 2, 1983 – April 3, 2016) was a Puerto Rican professional boxer. As an amateur, de Jesús represented the island of Puerto Rico in international events, including the 2003 Pan American Games, the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games and the 2004 Summer Olympics. Early in his career, he won seven regional titles: the World Boxing Organization Latino lightweight title, World Boxing Council Caribbean Boxing Federation lightweight title, World Boxing Association Fedecaribe Lightweight title, WBO Latino light welterweight title, WBA Fedecaribe Welterweight title, WBC Latino light welterweight title and the WBA Fedebol light welterweight title.

2002 Central American and Caribbean Games
The 19th Central American and Caribbean Games were held in San Salvador, El Salvador from November 22 to December 8, 2002 and included 4,301 competitors from 31 nations, competing in 32 sports. The main stadium for these championships was the Estadio Nacional Flor Blanca. For political reasons, Cuba decided to boycott the event. Squash made its debut at the Central American and Caribbean Games.
Platylesches neba
Platylesches neba, the flower-girl hopper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Zululand, Transvaal, Zimbabwe and south-western Africa. The habitat consists of moist and dry savanna.

The wingspan is 29–34 mm for males and 31–35 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round with peaks from September to October and from February to April. They are attracted to flowers and mud-puddle.

The larvae feed on Parinari capensis and Parinari curatellifolia.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Kayden Francis
Kayden Francis (born 17 February 2003) is a South African professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for South African Premier Division side Cape Town City. Born in Port Elizabeth, he joined the city's local top-flight side in 2019 where he became the club's youngest-ever player upon making his debut in November the following year.

Cape Town City F.C. (2016)
Cape Town City Football Club (Afrikaans: Kaapstad Sokkerklub) is a South African professional football club based in Cape Town, South Africa, that plays in the National First Division (NFD). It was founded in 2016. A previous club under the same name was founded in 1960, before dissolving in 1977. Following the club's relegation to the NFD, the team plays its home matches at the Athlone Stadium.
Norman Crowder
Norman Harry Crowder  (20 October 1926 – 10 February 2013) was Archdeacon of Portsmouth from 1985 to 1993.

Born in Nottingham on 20 October 1926, he was educated at Nottingham High School and St John's College, Cambridge. After National Service with the RAF Educational Service he was ordained in 1952.  He was an Assistant Curate St Mary's, Radcliffe-on-Trent and then Residential Chaplain to the  Bishop of Portsmouth until 1959. He was Chaplain at Canford School from 1959 until  1972 when he became Vicar of  St John's, Oakfield, Ryde. From 1975 to 1985 he was Director of Religious Education in the Portsmouth Diocese  and a Residential Canon of its Cathedral. After this he became Archdeacon of Portsmouth.

He died in Salisbury on 10 February 2013. He had married Pauline. Their son Richard worked at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Portsmouth Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of St Thomas of Canterbury, commonly known as Portsmouth Cathedral, is an Anglican cathedral church in the centre of Old Portsmouth in Portsmouth, England. Since 1935 the historic church has been the cathedral of the Diocese of Portsmouth and the seat of the bishop of Portsmouth.

The Anglican cathedral is one of the two cathedral churches in the city, the other being the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St John the Evangelist, Portsmouth, about one mile to the north.