hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yi Sung-sun
Yi Sung Sun (이성순, 李聖淳, February 29, 1916 – January 25, 1983), nicknamed Sirasoni (시라소니), was a South Korean street knight. He was born in 1916, in the North Korean city of Sinuiju.

After the independence of Korea, Yi ran away to South Korea to join with his gangster friend Yi Hwa-ryong's gangs of Myeongdong. After the Korean War broke out, Yi worked in the Headquarters of the Intelligence Detachment. In 1953, the political hoodlum Yi Jung-jae lured Yi out and lynched him, making him Yi disabled. Yi left the gangs, and escorted Chang Myon and Shin Ik-Hee from political hoodlums.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Janet L. Holmgren
Janet L. Holmgren is the president of Patten University.  Previously, she was the president of Mills College in Oakland, California from 1991 to 2011. She was previously vice provost at Princeton University   from 1988 to 1991. Before that, she was an administrator and professor at the University of Maryland. She holds a B.A. in English, summa cum laude, from Oakland University (Rochester, MI), 1968, a M.A. in Linguistics (1971) and a  Ph.D. in Linguistics, Princeton University, 1974.

Mills College at Northeastern University
Mills College at Northeastern University in Oakland, California is part of Northeastern University's global university system. Mills College was founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in 1852 in Benicia, California; it was relocated to Oakland in 1871 and became the second women's college west of the Rockies. In 2022, it merged with Northeastern University.
Richard Sinnott
Richard Sinnott (born 5 June 1963) is a professional actor, writer and director based in Manchester.

He has played over forty credited roles in British television series such as Coronation Street, Life on Mars and The Street, and  films such as The Parole Officer. He teaches beginners' acting classes in Manchester and is a freelance Performing Arts lecturer at the University of Salford. He is the author of the theatre play Laid Upon A Pebble-Bed.

Sinnott was born in Aldridge, Staffordshire. His brother is the Altrincham football club manager Lee Sinnott, who was Watford's centre-half in the 1984 FA Cup Final.

Altrincham F.C.
Altrincham Football Club is a professional football club based in Altrincham, Greater Manchester, England. Founded in 1891 and nicknamed "the Robins", they are currently members of the National League, the fifth tier of English football, and play at Moss Lane.
Tomato spotted wilt virus
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a spherical negative-sense RNA virus. Transmitted by thrips, it causes serious losses in economically important crops and it is one of the most economically devastating plant viruses in the world.

Sense (molecular biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, sense may have slightly different meanings. For example, the negative-sense strand of DNA is equivalent to the template strand, whereas the positive-sense strand is the non-template strand whose nucleotide sequence is equivalent to the sequence of the mRNA transcript.
Castle Gardens Petroglyph Site
The Castle Gardens Petroglyph Site is a 6-mile (9.7 km) by 1-mile (1.6 km) region of vertical cliff faces in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States, with extensive petroglyph images incised in the rock faces. The glyphs include images of water turtles and circular shields, as well as human and animal figures. The figures with circular shields are particular to the area, and are known as Castle Gardens Shield style images. A consensus of researchers is that the figures were carved by Athabaskans related to the Navajo and Apache, some time between 1000 AD and 1250 AD. The site is being developed by the Bureau of Land Management, and may be visited.

The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 1969.

Fremont County, Wyoming
Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 39,234, making it the fifth-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Lander. The county was founded in 1884 and is named for John C. Frémont, a general, explorer, and politician. It is roughly the size of the state of Vermont. Fremont County comprises the Riverton, WY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
1983 European Baseball Championship
The 1983 European Baseball Championship was held in four cities, Catiglione della Pescaia, Florence, Grosseto, and Lucca, in Tuscany, Italy. Italy won the tournament, defeating the defending champion Netherlands in four games in the best-of-five finals. By winning the tournament, Italy qualified for the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Italy shut out France 32–0 and Spain 24–0 in the round-robin preliminary round. Italy's Roberto Bianchi batted .487 with 3 home runs and 15 RBI in 9 games. Italy used 14 Italian American players, who would not necessarily be eligible for the Olympics.

Italy national baseball team
The Italy national baseball team (Italian: Nazionale di baseball dell'Italia) represents Italy in international baseball competitions. The national team was ranked 16th in the world as of 2022. Like the country's association football team and other national teams, the national baseball team is known as the Azzurri ("the Blues"), and wears traditional Savoy blue on its uniforms.

Team Italy will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.
Liberal and Centre Union
The Liberal and Centre Union (Lithuanian: Liberalų ir centro sąjunga, LiCS) was a conservative-liberal political party in Lithuania active between 2003 and 2014.

It was a member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE).

Liberal International
Liberal International (LI) is a worldwide organisation of liberal political parties. The political international was formed in November 1946, and constituted with the Oxford Manifesto in April 1947. It has become the pre-eminent network for liberal and progressive democratic parties aiming to strengthen liberalism and democratic values around the world. Its headquarters are within the National Liberal Club, in London. The Oxford Manifesto describes the basic political principles of the Liberal International, which is currently made up of 111 parties and organisations.
Bearpaw Mountain
Bearpaw Mountain is a 6,091-foot (1,857-metre) mountain summit located in Whatcom County of Washington state. It is situated less than four miles south of the Canada–United States border, on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Church Mountain, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) to the southwest, and Mount Baker rises 11.8 miles (19.0 km) to the south. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains to the Nooksack River via Canyon Creek. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises 3,100 feet (945 m) above Canyon Creek in approximately 1.5 mile. Bearpaw Mountain houses Bearpaw Mountain Lake, 650 ft elevated fishing lake.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Pornography in Hungary
The history of pornography in Hungary mainly dates from the period after the fall of communism in 1989. The production and distribution of pornography was illegal under their Socialist system, but the laws were liberalised with the fall of the Hungarian People's Republic. Permissive government policies soon propelled the country to the forefront of the European pornography industry. Several foreign directors were attracted to the country's liberal legislation. Eventually, domestic producers began to prosper as well, and several actresses became prominent within the industry.

It is illegal to display or promote pornography along with homosexuality and gender change to minors under 18 by July 2021.

End of communism in Hungary
Communist rule in the People's Republic of Hungary came to an end in 1989 by a peaceful transition to a democratic system. After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was suppressed by Soviet forces, Hungary remained a communist country. As the Soviet Union weakened at the end of the 1980s, the Eastern Bloc disintegrated.

The events in Hungary were part of the Revolutions of 1989, known in Hungarian as the rendszerváltás (lit. 'system change').
Officious bystander
The officious bystander is a metaphorical figure of English law and legal fiction, developed by MacKinnon LJ in Southern Foundries (1926) Ltd v Shirlaw to assist in determining when a term should be implied into an agreement. While the officious bystander test is not the overriding formulation in English law today, it provides a useful guide. The suggested approach is to imagine a nosey, officious bystander walking past two contracting parties and asking them whether they would want to put some express term into the agreement. If the parties would instantly retort that such a term is "of course" already mutually part of the agreement then it is apt for implication.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
2023 UCI Cycling World Championships
The 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships was the inaugural edition of the UCI Cycling World Championships organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), held between 3 and 13 August 2023 in Glasgow.

The UCI Cycling World Championships, to be held every four years in the year preceding the Olympic Games, brings together various disciplines of cycling for them to be held as part of one event, including the UCI Road World Championships, UCI Mountain Bike World Championships and UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

The event had a budget of £45–50 million, with funding coming from various local and national bodies, including the Scottish Government and UK Sport. Glasgow City Council provided £15 million to the championships after it was predicted the economic boost would total £67 million.

UK Sport
UK Sport is the government agency responsible for investing money sourced from the National Lottery and the government, into Olympic and Paralympic sport in the United Kingdom. It is an executive non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

It was created in 1997, following a "rock bottom" showing at the 1996 Summer Olympics where Team GB won just one solitary gold medal. Team GB and Paralympics GB went on to place third in the medal table at London 2012 and second in the table at Rio 2016.
Landolt Astronomical Observatory
The Landolt Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on the roof of Nicholson Hall at Louisiana State University (LSU) in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. Operated by LSU's Department of Physics and Astronomy, the observatory houses a rare and historic 11.5-inch Alvan Clark & Sons refracting telescope, one of the few remaining large refractors of its type still in use.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Southwest Miramichi-Bay du Vin
Southwest Miramichi-Bay du Vin (French: Miramichi-Sud-Ouest-Baie-du-Vin) was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was created as Southwest Miramichi in 1973, by which name it was known until 2014, and was largely unchanged in the 1994 and 2006 redistributions.  In the 2013 redistribution, it moved eastward absorbing those parts of the former district of Miramichi-Bay du Vin which were outside the city of Miramichi.

Miramichi, New Brunswick
Miramichi (/ˌmɛrəməˈʃiː/ /ˌmɪrəmɪˈʃiː/) is the largest city in northern New Brunswick, Canada. It is situated at the mouth of the Miramichi River where it enters Miramichi Bay. The Miramichi Valley is the second longest valley in New Brunswick, after the Saint John River Valley.

On 1 January 2023, Miramichi annexed parts of two local service districts on its northern border; revised census information has not been released.
Luciano Tesi
Luciano Tesi (Italian pronunciation: [luˈtʃaːno ˈteːzi]; born 10 December 1931) is an Italian veterinarian, amateur astronomer, discoverer of many minor planets, and director of the San Marcello Pistoiese Observatory.

In 1980, he founded the "Amateur Group of Pistoiese Mountain" (Italian: Gruppo Astrofili Montagna Pistoiese). Later on, this resulted in the construction of the Pistoia Mountains Astronomical Observatory. As the director of the observatory, he has collaborated with many discoverers in following up near-Earth objects and in finding minor planets since 1994.

The near-Earth object and Amor asteroid, 15817 Lucianotesi, discovered by Andrea Boattini and Maura Tombelli at San Marcello Pistoiese in 1994, was named in his honor.

Amor asteroid
The Amor asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after the archetype object 1221 Amor /ˈeɪmɔːr/. The orbital perihelion of these objects is close to, but greater than, the orbital aphelion of Earth (i.e., the objects do not cross Earth's orbit), with most Amors crossing the orbit of Mars. The Amor asteroid 433 Eros was the first asteroid to be orbited and landed upon by a robotic space probe (NEAR Shoemaker).
Nottingham Guild Hall
Nottingham Guild Hall was built on Weekday Cross in Nottingham. Originally a hall for the merchant Guilds, it became the Court House and Town Hall of the Nottingham Corporation. The building was demolished in 1895.

Gild Merchant
Gild Merchants or Guild Merchants were local merchant guilds in medieval England and Ireland. They acted as both a guild and a form of local government.

Rules established by merchant guilds were often incorporated into the municipal charters granted to market towns, with incorporated societies of merchants in each town or city holding exclusive rights of doing business there. In many cases they became the governing body of a town.
Emory Bass
Emory Bass (born Emory P. Bass, Jr.; August 12, 1925 – March 4, 2015) was an American theater and television actor. His television career included guest roles on Hart to Hart, Dark Shadows, Mr. Belvedere, Murder, She Wrote, and Webster. He also had a recurring role as Phipps in the ABC television series, Angie (1979–80).

Hart to Hart
Hart to Hart is an American mystery television series that premiered on August 25, 1979, on ABC. The show stars Robert Wagner and Stefanie Powers as Jonathan and Jennifer Hart, respectively, a wealthy couple who lead a glamorous jetset lifestyle and regularly find themselves working as unpaid detectives in order to solve crimes in which they become embroiled. The series was created by novelist and television writer Sidney Sheldon. The series ended after five seasons on May 22, 1984, but was followed by eight made-for-television movies, which ran from 1993 to 1996.
Fremantle Railway Workshops
Fremantle Railway Workshops were the main workshops for the Western Australian Government Railways from  1886 until 1904 when the workshops were moved to Midland Junction where the Midland Railway Workshops operated until 1994.

The workshops were created in 1886, and expanded in 1896.

Industrial unrest at the workshops was common.

The proximity of the Fremantle Harbour and the Fremantle town was a convenience for the workers and also the community businesses. By accounts from the era, local pride in having the workshops was strong, and in most cases the workers lived locally.

The Fremantle workshops were located west of the Fremantle railway station and were considered to be in an area that would not accommodate the needs of the railway system.

The move in 1904 was a major change for the labour force, and some did not move to Midland for the new location.

Midland, Western Australia
Midland is a suburb and historic town of Perth, Western Australia, located 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Perth's central business district. It is the administrative seat and commercial centre of the City of Swan local government area. It is also a designated strategic metropolitan centre for the larger Perth metropolitan area.
Robert Fleisher
Robert Jay Fleisher (b. 1953, New York City) is a composer, the author of Twenty Israeli Composers, and a contributor to Theresa Sauer’s Notations 21. He is Professor Emeritus at Northern Illinois University, where he long served as Coordinator of the Music Theory and Composition area.

Northern Illinois University
Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois, United States. It was founded as "Northern Illinois State Normal School" in 1895 by Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld, initially to provide the state with college-educated teachers. In addition to the main campus in DeKalb, it has satellite centers in Chicago, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon, Illinois.

The university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges and has a student body of approximately 16,000. NIU is one of seven public universities in Illinois that compete in NCAA Division I. The athletic teams are known as the Huskies and compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC).
Sandra Blakeslee
Sandra Blakeslee (born 1943) is an American science correspondent of over four decades for The New York Times and science writer, specializing in neuroscience. Together with neuroscientist V. S. Ramachandran, she authored the 1998 popular science book Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind.

Science journalism
Science journalism conveys reporting about science to the public. The field typically involves interactions between scientists, journalists and the public. There are many different examples of science writing. A few examples include feature writing, risk communication, blogs, science books, scientific journals, science podcasts and science magazines.
Radio Moldova Tineret
Radio Moldova Tineret is a youth-oriented radio station, owned by the public broadcaster TRM. It's the first niche-oriented station from the public broadcaster, and its target audience is Moldovan youth. It was launched on 30 October 2012, at 6 o'clock in Bălți, transmitting live on 99.4 FM and on its website.

Radio Moldova Tineret will broadcast soon on these frequencies:

Varniţa, Anenii Noi, pe frecvența 104.0 FM

Nisporeni – 103.8 FM

Copanca – 103.6 FM

Sărata-Galbenă – 107.1 FM

Sărata-Galbenă
Sărata-Galbenă is a commune in Hîncești District, Moldova. It is composed of five villages: Brătianovca, Cărpineanca, Coroliovca, Sărata-Galbenă and Valea Florii.  Its existence was first documented in 1609.

FC Petrocub Hîncești is based in the commune.
Haakapainiži
Haakapainiži (or Aatakapitsi in Chemehuevi) is a spirit or ogre from Kawaiisu folklore, taking the appearances of a giant grasshopper with two canes and a basket on his back, an old man, or a swarm of grasshoppers. Haakapainiži sings to children and talks sweetly to them, putting them in his basket when their guard is down and taking them back to his lair to eat.

Chemehuevi
The Chemehuevi (English: /ˌtʃɛməˈweɪvi/ CHEH-mə-WAY-vee) are an Indigenous people of the Great Basin. They are the southernmost branch of Southern Paiute. Today, Chemehuevi people are enrolled in the following federally recognized tribes:

Colorado River Indian Tribes

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation

Morongo Band of Mission Indians

Cabazon Band of Mission Indians

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians

Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians

Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California

Some Chemehuevi are also part of the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians, whose members are mostly Sovovatum or Soboba band members of Cahuilla and Luiseño people.
Joseph Anderson (U.S. Army general)
Joseph Anderson (born September 14, 1959) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army, who last served as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army, G-3/5/7, previously serving as the commanding general of the XVIII Airborne Corps, Commander of International Security Assistance Force Joint Command and Deputy Commanding General, US Forces – Afghanistan. Born in New York in 1959, he was commissioned upon his graduation from the United States Military Academy in 1981.

XVIII Airborne Corps
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
Hiscox (surname)
Hiscox is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gertrude Hiscox (1910-1966), British collaborator

Heather Hiscox (born 1965), Canadian news anchor

Jack Hiscox (born 1995), Australian rules footballer

Ralph Hiscox (1907–1970), British businessman

Robert Hiscox (born 1943), British businessman

Heather Hiscox
Heather Hiscox is a Canadian news anchor, who is the former host of CBC Morning Live with Heather Hiscox from 6 to 10 a.m. during weekdays on CBC News Network. She has also hosted CBC's former flagship morning television program CBC News: Morning which became part of CBC News Now when the network re-branded itself in 2009.

In June 2025, Hiscox announced that she will retire from the CBC in the fall, following a special edition of Morning Live in November on the occasion of her 20th anniversary hosting the show.
Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih
Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih (1 February 1955 – 2 May 2012) was an Indonesian physician, researcher, and author. She served as Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia from 22 October 2009 until 30 April 2012.

Minister of health
A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare spending and other social security services.

Some governments have separate ministers for mental health.