hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fauna of Africa
The fauna of Africa are all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna are found in the Afro-tropical realm. Lying almost entirely within the tropics, and stretching equally north and south of the equator creates favorable conditions for variety and abundance of wildlife. Africa is home to many of the world's most recognizable fauna such as lions‚ rhinoceroses‚ cheetahs‚ giraffes‚ antelope, hippopotamuses, leopards, zebras‚ and elephants, among many others.

Mertensophryne
Mertensophryne is a genus of true toads (family Bufonidae). They are found in eastern and southern Democratic Republic of Congo to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, southeastern Zimbabwe, and adjacent Mozambique. Their common names include snouted frogs, Chirinda forest toads, and forest toads. The genus is named for Robert Mertens, German zoologist and herpetologist.
Cotner
Cotner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Cotner, plaintiff in Cotner v. Henry, a US court case

June Cotner (born 1950), American author

Keoke Cotner (born 1971), American golfer

Mercedes R. Cotner (1905 - 1998), American politician

June Cotner
June Cotner (born February 6, 1950, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American author, anthologist, speaker, and publishing/marketing consultant; her latest anthology is Gratitude Prayers: Prayers, Poems, and Prose for Everyday Thankfulness (Andrews McMeel Publishing).

Cotner's collected works have sold nearly one million copies. Cotner conducts publishing workshops  at bookstores across the country  and has also made presentations at the Pacific Northwest Writers' Association Conference, the Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Conference, and The Learning Annex in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego.
Robert Luke Deakin
Robert Luke Deakin is an Australian social entrepreneur and cyber security expert, born in Nambour, Queensland, in 1966. He established a Melbourne-based social enterprise in 2016, which focuses on children at risk of social isolation, particularly children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). He also provides advice to selected organisations on national cyber security, particularly in the area of critical infrastructure protection, economic information warfare and development of the Australian Cyber Security Workforce.

U.S. critical infrastructure protection
In the U.S., critical infrastructure protection (CIP) is a concept that relates to the preparedness and response to serious incidents that involve the critical infrastructure of a region or the nation.
The American Presidential directive PDD-63 of May 1998 set up a national program of "Critical Infrastructure Protection".  In 2014 the NIST Cybersecurity Framework was published after further presidential directives.
Inter (Venezuelan broadcaster)
Inter is a Venezuelan television broadcaster and telecommunications provider headquartered in Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela. Inter was founded in 1996 as InterCable. Its fiscal name is Corporacion Telemic C.A, and its main shareholder is the investment fund HM Capital Partners.

Lara (state)
Lara State (Spanish: Estado Lara, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈlaɾa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Lara is located in the Central-Western Region, Venezuela. The state capital is Barquisimeto.

Lara State covers a total surface area of 19,800 km2 (7,600 sq mi) and, in 2015, had a census population of  2,019,211.
German submarine U-543
German submarine U-543 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the Deutsche Werft (yard) in Hamburg as yard number 364 on 3 July 1942, launched on 3 February and commissioned on 21 April with Kapitänleutnant Hans-Jürgen Hellriegel in command.

U-543 began her service career with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 21 April 1943. She was reassigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 November.

She carried out two patrols, but did not sink any ships. She was a member of three wolfpacks.

She was sunk on 2 July 1944 southwest of Tenerife by a Grumman TBM Avenger piloted by Ensign Frederick L. Moore, which flew off of American escort carrier USS Wake Island.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Wushan Man
Wushan Man (Chinese: 巫山人; pinyin: Wūshānrén, literally "Shaman Mountain Man") is a set of fossilised remains of an extinct, undetermined non-hominin ape found in central China in 1985. The remains are dated to around 2 million years ago and were originally considered to represent a subspecies of Homo erectus (H. e. wushanensis).

The fossils were found in 1985 in Longgupo (龙骨坡 or "Dragon Bone Slope"), Zhenlongping Village, Miaoyu Town of Wushan County, Chongqing in the Three Gorges.

Russell Ciochon
Russell L. Ciochon (born March 11, 1948) is an American paleoanthropologist. He was born in Altadena, California and received three degrees (B.A. in 1971; M.A. in 1974; and PhD. in 1986) in anthropology from the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently a professor of anthropology at the University of Iowa. He is known primarily for his research into Gigantopithecus.
Florence Ribeiro
Florence Barbara Ribeiro SCOB (3 November 1933 – 1 December 1986) was a South African anti-apartheid activist who, along with her husband Fabian Ribeiro, were assassinated by South African government forces.

The post-Apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that when generals Jannie Geldenhuys and Ian Gleeson were informed that the SADF and Security Branch had assassinated Dr Fabian Ribeiro and his wife Florence on 1 December 1986 they failed to pass this information onto the Attorney-General or the police. The commission concluded that they both "acted in an obstructive way for which they are legally responsible". As part of the commission's hearings, it was alleged that Geldenhuys had also authorized the use of SADF special forces personnel to support the Security Branch's operations within South Africa; he denied having done so.

In May 2012, Queen Wilhelmina Street in Pretoria was renamed Florence Ribeiro Avenue.

South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence Force was officially succeeded by the SADF, which was established by the Defence Act (No. 44) of 1957. The SADF, in turn, was superseded by the South African National Defence Force in 1994.
Edward Kilenyi Jr.
Edward Kilenyi Jr. (1910 – 2000) was a classical pianist. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 7, 1910. Kilenyi studied in Hungary with the composer/pianist Ernő Dohnányi at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music, earning a diploma in 1930. He later became a Professor of Music at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida in 1953, four years after Dohnanyi began teaching there. He died on January 6, 2000. A collection of recordings of his concerts is located at the International Piano Archives at the University of Maryland (IPAM).

His father, Edward Kilenyi Sr. (1884 – 1968), also a noted musician, arrived in the United States from Hungary in 1908. Kilenyi Sr. taught music to George Gershwin for five years and wrote music for the Sam Fox Publishing Company and over 40 movies from the 1910s-1940s.

Franz Liszt Academy of Music
The Franz Liszt Academy of Music (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc Zeneművészeti Egyetem, often abbreviated as Zeneakadémia, "Music Academy") is a music university and a concert hall in Budapest, Hungary, founded on 14 November 1875. It is home to the Liszt Collection, which features several valuable books and manuscripts donated by Franz Liszt upon his death, and the AVISO studio, a collaboration between the governments of Hungary and Japan to provide sound recording equipment and training for students. The Franz Liszt Academy of Music was founded by Franz Liszt himself (though named after its founder only in 1925, about 50 years after it was relocated to its current location at the heart of Budapest).
Katajiri No.1 Dam
Katajiri No.1 Dam is an earthfill dam located in Akita Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 4 km2. The dam impounds about 4  ha of land when full and can store 405 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1963.

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.
Mahmoud Traoré
Mahmoud Ibrahim Shuaib Traore (Arabic: محمود تراوري; born 1968) is a Saudi writer, novelist, and journalist. He founded the cultural section of Al-Riyadiah newspaper and was one of the founders of Al-Watan newspaper and the Iqraa satellite channel. He has written short stories, plays, and novels, and has won local and Arab awards. Born in Taif, he earned a bachelor's degree in Media (Radio and Television) from Umm Al-Qura University in 1993.

Al Watan (Saudi Arabia)
Al Watan (Arabic: الوطن, lit. 'The Homeland') is a daily newspaper in Saudi Arabia. The chairman of the newspaper is Bandar bin Khalid.

Al Watan's main publishing centre was at Abha in the south of the country. The paper was based in the Asir province, the south-west of Saudi Arabia. However, later its headquarters was moved to Jeddah. In addition, it has publishing facilities in London, New York, Amman, and Cairo.
Uman (Peru)
Uman (Quechua uma head, -n a suffix, also spelled Umán) is a 5,431-metre-high (17,818 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, on the border of the districts of Miraflores and Tanta. Uman lies west of a lake named Pisququcha and northeast of Wayna Qutuni, Qutuni and Altarniyuq.

Piscococha
Piscococha (possibly from Quechua pisqu bird, qucha lake, lagoon, "bird lake") is a lake in Peru located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Tanta District. Piscococha is situated at a height of about 4,484 metres (14,711 ft), south of the lakes Paucarcocha and Chuspicocha and northeast of the lake Ticllacocha.
Francisco Manuel Rui-Gómez, 5th Marquess of San Isidro
Francisco Manuel Rui-Gómez y Domínguez 5th Marquess of San Isidro, OM (28 September 1804 – 5 August 1885) was a Spanish peer, army officer, politician and intellectual who fought for the Liberals in the Carlist Wars and later served as Senator for the Province of León as well as Senator for life in 1864.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
Acacia Hills, Northern Territory
Acacia Hills is an outer rural locality of Darwin. It is 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of the Darwin CBD in Litchfield Municipality. Named for the acacia shrub that is endemic to the area,
the suburb is largely rural land, just north of Manton Dam and west of the Adelaide River. Mango farming is an important local industry. Both the Stuart Highway and Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor pass through the area.

The area is notable as the site of the 1999 Acacia Hills Shootout, where bushman Rodney Ansell ambushed several policemen at a roadblock. Ansell killed one policeman but was eventually shot himself in the gun battle that followed.

Acacia Hills again made national news in 2021, when the Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority ordered a Victorian company to remove 3000 tonnes of used tyres which were discovered to have been stored illegally on a local property.

Adelaide–Darwin railway line
The Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor consists of the 2975-kilometre (1849-mile) long 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard-gauge main line between the South Australian capital city of Adelaide and the Northern Territory capital of Darwin, and the lines immediately connected to it. Preceded by a number of other shorter railways, a transcontinental line through to Darwin was only fully realised in 2004, when the final link from Alice Springs was opened. The line is used by interstate freight trains operated by Aurizon and by The Ghan  passenger train operated by Journey Beyond.
1983–84 Divizia B
The 1983–84 Divizia B was the 44th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.

The format has been maintained to three series, each of them having 18 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last four places from each series relegated to Divizia C.

Romanian football league system
The Romanian football league system, also known as the football pyramid, refers to the system in Romanian club football that consists of several football leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. The first three leagues are organized at a national level and consist of fully professional teams. Lower divisions are organized at county levels, with each county's football association controlling its respective leagues.

Reserve teams play in the same league system as their parent clubs.
Kazakhstan's 17th electoral district
The Electoral district No. 17 (Kazakh: №17 сайлау округі, romanized: №17 sailau okrugı; Russian: Избирательный округ №17) is a single-mandate territorial constituency in Kazakhstan, represented in the lower chamber Mäjilis of the Parliament. It covers the entirety of Jetisu Region, including all its regional districts, with its seat being centered in Taldyqorgan.

The constituency was originally formed for the 2004 legislative election and existed until being abolished in 2007. However, it has been reestablished in 2022 and is currently represented by deputy Ruslan Qojasbaev (Amanat) since March 2023.

Single-member district
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders.

In some countries, such as Australia and India, members of the  lower house of parliament are elected from single-member districts, while members of the upper house are elected from multi-member districts. In some countries, such as Singapore, members of parliament are elected from both single-member and multi-member districts.
Zapiola Rupes
Zapiola Rupes is an escarpment on Mercury. The escarpment was named after Zapiola, the eponymous Argentine ship that was involved in oceanographic surveys in the southwestern Atlantic; and performed ten oceanographic cruises between 1962 and 1976. The name "Zapiola Rupes" was officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 2 December 2022.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Multan District
Multan District  (Urdu: ضِلع مُلتان), is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Its capital is the city of Multan. The district has a population of 5.45 million (as of 2024) and an area of 3,720 square kilometres. The district consists of tehsils of Multan saddar, Multan city, Jalalpur Pirwala and Shujabad.

History

Multan district was created during British rule in 19th century. Vehari, Khanewal and Lodhran were Tehsils of Multan district. Vehari was made separate district in 1976. Khanewal was cut off from Multan and made a separate district in 1985. Lodhran was split off as a separate district from Multan in 1991.

Districts of Pakistan
The districts of Pakistan (Urdu: اِضلاعِ پاكِستان) are the third-level administrative divisions of Pakistan, below provinces and divisions, but forming the first-tier of local government. In total, there are 145 districts in Pakistan. excluding Islamabad Capital Territory. These districts are further divided into tehsils and union councils.
Muneer Mulaffer
Muneer Mulaffer is a Sri Lankan politician and a member of the National People's Power. He was elected to the parliament in the 2024 Sri Lankan parliamentary election representing Gampaha Electoral District. He is a teacher by profession and a national executive committee member.

Gampaha Electoral District
Gampaha electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Gampaha in the Western province. The district currently elects 19 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 1,785,964 registered electors in 2020. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 02.
Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.

Market value
Market value or OMV (open market valuation) is the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting. Market value is often used interchangeably with open market value, fair value or fair market value, although these terms have distinct definitions in different standards, and differ in some circumstances.
Slow Forever
Slow Forever is the fourth studio album by American black metal duo Cobalt, released by Profound Lore Records in 2016. It is a double album and the band's first with vocalist Charlie Fell, who replaced founding member Phil McSorley.  The album leans more heavily into blackened sludge metal, similar to acts like Anciients and Tombs.

Profound Lore Records
Profound Lore Records is a Canadian independent record label founded in May 2004. The label primarily focuses on releasing extreme metal and experimental albums.

It "began as the 'hobby-like venture' of a few friends but, over the past six years, the label has evolved into a one-man enterprise, shaped a distinct 'aesthetic identity' and provided owner Chris Bruni with a full-time job." Notable artists who have published their work by the label include Agalloch and Bell Witch.

The label has been described as having imbued brand loyalty to some fans. The label received criticism from The A.V. Club for distributing National Socialist black metal artists.
Spring Reunion
Spring Reunion is a 1956 American drama film that centers on the fifteen-year reunion of the fictional Carson High School class of 1941. It was the second film produced by Kirk Douglas' film production company Bryna Productions.

Spring Reunion was a screen comeback for actress Betty Hutton, her first film in five years since her departure from Paramount Studios in 1952, after the completion of the musical Somebody Loves Me. Although Hutton's performance was praised by several critics, the film generated little interest and failed at the box office. It was Hutton's last feature film. The film opened at the Astoria Theatre in London, England in late December 1956.

Somebody Loves Me (film)
Somebody Loves Me is a 1952 American biographical comedy-drama musical film starring Betty Hutton and Ralph Meeker. The story focuses on the careers of entertainers Blossom Seeley and Benny Fields. The film was Betty Hutton's last picture with Paramount Pictures, with whom she had been under contract with since 1942. It was the film debut of Nick Adams.
Goonj Uthi Shehnai
Goonj Uthi Shehnai (lit. 'The Call of the Shehnai') is a 1959 Hindi film directed by Vijay Bhatt, with Rajendra Kumar, Ameeta, Anita Guha and I. S. Johar as leads. The film has music by Vasant Desai and lyrics by Bharat Vyas, and the duo created numerous hits such as "Jivan Men Piya Tera Sath Rahe" sung by Lata Mangeshkar and Mohd. Rafi, and Lata's "Tere Sur Aur Mere Geet" and "Dil Ka Khilona Hai Toot Gaya".

The film narrates the story of a Shehnai player, and features a shehnai recitals by maestro Ustad Bismillah Khan throughout the film. There is also Jugalbandi between him and Sitar player, Abdul Halim Jaffar Khan. p. 205. Notably, the film featured music from popular New Delhi based musician Harikesh Pushpapathan.

The film was the fifth highest grosser of the year and was declared a "Hit" at Box Office India and became the first big hit of actor Rajendra Kumar, who was soon giving dates four years from the day of signing.

Jugalbandi
A jugalbandhi or jugalbandi is a performance in Indian classical music, especially in Hindustani classical music but also in Carnatic, that features a duet of two solo musicians. The word jugalbandi means, literally, "entwined twins." The duet can be either vocal or instrumental.

Often, the musicians will play different instruments, as for example the famous duets between sitarist Ravi Shankar and sarod player Ali Akbar Khan, who played the format since the 1940s. More rarely, the musicians (either vocalists or instrumentalists) may be from different traditions (i.e. Carnatic and Hindustani). What defines jugalbandi is that the two soloists be on an equal footing. A performance can only truly be deemed a jugalbandi when neither musician is always the soloist or solely an accompanist. In jugalbandi, both musicians act as lead players, and a playful competition exists between the two performers.