hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sparta Township Public School District
The Sparta Township Public School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Sparta, in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprising five schools, had an enrollment of 3,236 students and 290.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Architecture of Buffalo, New York
The architecture of Buffalo, New York, particularly the buildings constructed between the American Civil War and the Great Depression, is said to have created a new, distinctly American form of architecture and to have influenced design throughout the world.

Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was an American architect, best known for his work in a style derived from Romanesque Revival that became known as Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture."
Vibration theory of olfaction
The vibration theory of smell proposes that a molecule's smell character is due to its vibrational frequency in the infrared range. This controversial theory is an alternative to the more widely accepted docking theory of olfaction (formerly termed the shape theory of olfaction), which proposes that a molecule's smell character is due to a range of weak non-covalent interactions between its protein odorant receptor (found in the nasal epithelium), such as electrostatic and Van der Waals interactions as well as H-bonding, dipole attraction, pi-stacking, metal ion, Cation–pi interaction, and hydrophobic effects, in addition to the molecule's conformation.

Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges on macroscopic objects where quantum effects can be neglected. Under these circumstances, the electric field, electric potential, and the charge density are related without complications from magnetic effects.

Since classical antiquity, it has been known that some materials, such as amber, attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word ḗlektron (ἤλεκτρον), meaning 'amber', was thus the root of the word electricity. Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other. Such forces are described by Coulomb's law.

There are many examples of electrostatic phenomena, from those as simple as the attraction of plastic wrap to one's hand after it is removed from a package, to the apparently spontaneous explosion of grain silos, the damage of electronic components during manufacturing, and photocopier and laser printer operation.
Italy at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1980
Italy competed at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1980 in Lake Placid, United States, from 14 to 23 February 1980.

From 1948 through 1980, the alpine skiing events at the Winter Olympics also served as the World Championships, held every two years. With the addition of the giant slalom, the combined event was dropped for 1950 and 1952, but returned as a World Championship event in 1954 as a "paper race" which used the results from the three events. During the Olympics from 1956 through 1980, World Championship medals were awarded by the FIS for the combined event. The combined returned as a separate event at the World Championships in 1982 and at the Olympics in 1988.

Alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics
At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday, 14 February, to Wednesday, 20 February. The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad, Buskerud, and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo.

The giant slalom made its Olympic debut, and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades, until 1988.  It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954, and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980. For fourteen World Championships (1954–1980), the combined was a "paper race," using the results from the three events (and required the completion of each).
Leo Frédéric Alfred Baron d'Erlanger
Leo Frédéric Alfred Baron d'Erlanger (2 July 1898 – 25 October 1978) was an English merchant banker and air transport promoter, co-founder of British Airways, Chairman of the Erlanger Bank and of the Channel Tunnel Company.

Sidi Bou Said
Sidi Bou Said (Arabic: سيدي بو سعيد Sīdi Bū Sʻīdⓘ) is a town in northern Tunisia located about 20 km northeast from the capital, Tunis.

Named after a religious figure who lived there, Abu Said al-Baji, it was previously  called Jbel el-Menar. The town itself is a tourist attraction and is known for its extensive use of blue and white. It can be reached by a TGM train, which runs from Tunis to La Marsa.
Li-Wei Qin
Li-Wei Qin (Chinese: 秦立巍; pinyin: Qín Lìwēi; born 16 February 1976) is a Chinese-Australian cellist. He won the Silver Medal at the 11th International Tchaikovsky Competition in 1998, and First Prize at the 2001 International Naumburg Competition in New York.

Royal Northern College of Music
The Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM) is a conservatoire in Manchester, England. It is one of four conservatoires associated with the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. In addition to being a centre of music education, the RNCM is a busy and diverse public performance venue.
Ennodius murrayi
Ennodius murrayi is a species of leaf beetle of Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko), the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, described by Félicien Chapuis in 1874.

Bioko
Bioko (/biːˈoʊkoʊ/; Spanish: [biˈoko] ⓘ; Bube: Ëtulá a Ëri; historically known as Fernando Pó, European Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃.dʊ ˈpɔ]) is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located 32 km (20 mi) south of the coast of Cameroon, and 160 km (99 mi) northwest of the northernmost part of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, on the north coast of the island, is the former capital city of Equatorial Guinea. Bioko's population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of 2,017 km2 (779 sq mi), making it the fourth largest island in Africa (after Madagascar, Socotra and Tenerife). The island is part of the Cameroon line of volcanoes and is located off the Cameroon coast, in the Bight of Biafra portion of the Gulf of Guinea. Its geology is volcanic; its highest peak is Pico Basile at 3,012 m (9,882 ft).
Edward Pugh (bishop)
William Edward Augustus Pugh (known as Edward; 22 July 1909 – 4 January 1986) was the fifth Bishop of Penrith in the modern era.

He was educated at Leeds University and the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield. Ordained in 1934 he began his career with a curacy at Staveley, Derbyshire. From here he became Vicar of Norwell, Nottinghamshire and then Harrington, Cumbria along with his appointment as the first Archdeacon of West Cumberland. Appointment to the episcopate followed in 1970 – he was consecrated at York Minster on Michaelmas day (29 September) 1970 – and he retired nine years later.

Staveley, Derbyshire
Staveley is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England, along the banks of the River Rother (5 miles) northeast of Chesterfield, (5 miles) west of Clowne, (5 miles) northwest of Bolsover, (11 miles) southwest of Worksop and (13 miles) southeast of Sheffield.
1048 Feodosia
1048 Feodosia, provisional designation 1924 TP, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 29 November 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and named for the Crimean city of Feodosiya.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority
The Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority (GPHA) is the national port authority of Ghana. Between the 16th and 18th centuries foreign trade in the then Gold Coast was undertaken from about 40 landing points scattered around the Gold Coast. By the 1900s these had converged to six main ports of trade. From 1920 to the 1940s the transport witnessed its first revolution in the road and rail network which culminated in the construction of the Takoradi Port. Further road expansion and shifts in the direction of trade in the post independence era led to the construction of the Ghana's second port Tema Port, and Port of Tema, and the Fishing Harbour at Tema. GPHA main offices are in Tema, and Sekondi-Takoradi.  GPHA is a member of the International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH).

International Association of Ports and Harbors
The International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) is the global trade association for seaports worldwide.

It is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Formed in 1955, it is now recognised as the NGO representing ports worldwide. With over 200 ports in membership, as well as numerous national port representative bodies, it now has consultative status with 5 UN agencies, including UNCTAD and the IMO.
2018–19 Basketball Bundesliga
The 2018–19 Basketball Bundesliga, known as the easyCredit BBL for sponsorship reasons, was the 53rd season of the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL), the top-tier level of professional club basketball in Germany.

Bayern Munich defended their title by defeating Alba Berlin in the finals.

Alba Berlin, runners-up of the season, qualified for the 2019–20 EuroLeague as Bayern Munich was already given a wild card.

Alba Berlin
Alba Berlin is a professional basketball club that is based in Berlin, Germany. The club was founded in 1991, and is today the largest German national basketball club by membership figures. Alba Berlin hosts its home games at the Uber Arena and competes in the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL) and the Champions League.

After winning eleven German Championships, eleven German Cups, three German Supercups, and the FIBA Korać Cup in 1995, Alba Berlin is considered to be the most successful German basketball team, both domestically and internationally. With an average attendance of more than 10,000 fans per game in a season, it is also one of the most popular basketball clubs in Europe. In 2013, Alba was portrayed in the ESPN documentary series Basketball Capitals.  In 2014, the club was the first German basketball team to beat a reigning NBA champion, the San Antonio Spurs.
Guilt (British TV series)
Guilt is a Scottish mystery thriller television series. It was the first drama commission of BBC Scotland. Episodes premiered on that channel before being broadcast across the UK on BBC Two. Written and created by Neil Forsyth, Guilt initially centres on two brothers, played by Mark Bonnar and Jamie Sives, who are involved in a hit and run. The series eventually draws a large cast of characters into an ongoing story.

The first series of Guilt was broadcast in 2019, and the second in the autumn of 2021. A third and final series was released in April 2023. The show was a critical hit and was subsequently broadcast around the world.

Guilt is widely regarded as one of the best ever Scottish television dramas. The New York Times has called it "Scotland's most notable TV drama".

Stuart Bowman (actor)
Stuart Bowman is a Scottish actor, born in Dundee and brought up in Fife and Clackmannanshire. He is known for playing head of MI5 Stephen Hunter-Dunn in the BBC's Bodyguard, his regular appearances as Sergeant Thomson in Gary: Tank Commander, and for his portrayal of Alexandre Bontemps in the Canal+ series Versailles.

Bowman was an established character actor on television, but his role as Bontemps raised his public profile. It necessitated living in Paris for the three years that Versailles took to film. Afterwards he said that he did not regret the conclusion of the series. "With Bontemps I don't think there was much I would be able to do with him beyond season three...So, for me, it felt right and natural that it was finishing there."
2016 Guangzhou International Women's Open – Doubles
Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza were the defending champions, but Mirza chose to compete in Tokyo instead. Hingis played alongside Jelena Janković, but lost in the semifinals to Olga Govortsova and Vera Lapko.

Asia Muhammad and Peng Shuai won the title, defeating Govortsova and Lapko in the final, 6–2, 7–6(7–3).

Asia Muhammad
Asia Muhammad (born April 4, 1991) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has been ranked as high as world No. 8 in doubles by the WTA, achieved on March 17, 2025.
Muhammad has won 13 doubles titles on the WTA Tour including the 2024 Cincinnati WTA 1000 title with Erin Routliffe and the 2025 Indian Wells with Demi Schuurs.

She also reached the finals in 2022 Indian Wells with Ena Shibahara and in 2024 Wuhan with Jessica Pegula. In addition, Muhammad has won five doubles titles on the Challenger Tour and 35 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. In singles she has a career-high No. 124, achieved on April 24, 2017 and has won 14 ITF singles titles.
Bandy-bandy
The bandy-bandy (Vermicella annulata), also commonly known as the hoop snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The word bandy-bandy (bandi-bandi) traces back to the indigenous dialect of Kattang, from the Taree region, New South Wales. There are 5 known species of bandy-bandy, all of which are endemic to Australia.

Gathang language
The Gathang language, also spelt Gadjang, Kattang, Kutthung, Gadhang, Gadang and previously known as Worimi (also spelt Warrimay), is an Australian Aboriginal language or group of dialects. The three known dialects are Birrbay, Guringay, and Warrimay, which are used by the Worimi, Guringay, and Birrbay peoples. It went extinct during the latter half of the 20th century, but has been revived in the 21st century.
1968 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1968 World Figure Skating Championships were held in Geneva, Switzerland from February 27 to March 3. At the event, sanctioned by the International Skating Union, medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.

On the ladies' singles skating Peggy Fleming finished first in the CF and in the FS too, before Gabriele Seyfert. The South African Margaret Betts finished on the last place in both program. On the pair skating Lyudmila Belousova and Oleg Protopopov finished first also in the SP and in the FS, before Tatyana Zhuk and Aleksandr Gorelik. On the ice dance competition Diane Towler and Bernard Ford won in the CD and FD too.

Diane Towler
Diane Margaret Towler MBE married Green, (born 16 December 1946) is an English former ice dancer and currently a figure skating coach. She is a four-time (1966–1969) World and European champion with skating partner Bernard Ford.
USS Fitzgerald
USS Fitzgerald (DDG-62), named for United States Navy officer Lieutenant William Charles Fitzgerald, is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight I) Aegis guided missile destroyer in the US Navy.

In the early morning hours of 17 June 2017, the ship was involved in a collision with the container ship MV ACX Crystal, seriously damaging the destroyer. Seven of her crew were killed. Several others were injured, including her commanding officer, Commander Bryce Benson.

Japan Transport Safety Board
The Japan Transport Safety Board (運輸安全委員会, Un'yu Anzen Iinkai; JTSB) is Japan's authority for establishing transportation safety (excluding related United States Forces Japan). It is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT).

The agency formed on October 1, 2008 as a merger between the Japan Marine Accident Inquiry Agency (JMAIA) and the Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission (ARAIC).

As of 2020 the chairperson is Nobuo Takeda (武田 展雄, Takeda Nobuo).
Elizabeth Acevedo
Elizabeth Acevedo is an American poet and author. In September 2022, the Poetry Foundation named her the year's Young People's Poet Laureate.

Acevedo is the author of the young adult novels The Poet X, With the Fire on High, and Clap When You Land. The Poet X is a New York Times Bestseller, National Book Award Winner, and Carnegie Medal winner. She is also the winner of the 2019 Michael L. Printz Award, the 2018 Pura Belpre Award, and the Boston-Globe Hornbook Award Prize for Best Children's Fiction of 2018. She lives in Washington, DC.

Ibi Zoboi
Ibi Aanu Zoboi is a Haitian-American author of young adult fiction. She is best known for her young adult novel American Street, which was a finalist for the National Book Award for Young Adults' Literature in 2017.
Ullam Kavarntha Kalvan
Ullam Kavarntha Kalvan (transl. Heart stealer) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written by Panchu Arunachalam, directed and photographed by Ashok Kumar. A remake of the Hindi film Chitchor (1976), it stars Pandiarajan, Nizhalgal Ravi and Rekha, with V. K. Ramasamy and Manorama in supporting roles. The film was released on 4 September 1987.

Manorama (Tamil actress)
Gopishantha (26 May 1937 – 10 October 2015), better known by her stage name Manorama, also called  Aachi, was an Indian actress, comedian and playback singer who had appeared in more than 1500 films and 5000 stage performances predominantly in the Tamil and also in  Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Sinhala. She was honoured with Kalaimamani award in 1995. In 2002, Government of India awarded Manorama the Padma Shri for her contribution to the arts. She is a recipient of one National Film Award, one Filmfare Award South and seven Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.
Adugodi
Adugodi is a neighborhood in Central Bangalore, India. It is located along Hosur Road, adjoining Wilson Garden, Richmond Town, Austin Town, Byrasandra, Jayanagara and Koramangala.

The Forum (shopping mall), NIMHANS, Dairy Circle metro station and Shantinagar Bus Station are important landmarks near Adugodi.

National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS) is a medical institution in Bengaluru, India. NIMHANS serves as the apex centre for mental health education and neuroscience research in the country. It is an Institute of National Importance operating autonomously under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. NIMHANS is ranked 4th best medical institute in India, in the current National Institutional Ranking Framework.
Ginetta G55
The Ginetta G55 is a specialist sports car, which has been built by Ginetta Cars since 2011. It is built to the FIA GT3 regulations, and the cars are raced in a one-make series; the Ginetta GT Supercup. In addition to this, they are also used in the GT3 class of competitions such as the British GT Championship. It was an evolutionary update of the Ginetta G50, which is a GT4-class car.

SRO GT4
SRO GT4 is a class of grand tourer racing cars maintained by the SRO Motorsports Group that race in various auto racing series across the globe. It is an entry-level class aimed at amateur drivers. GT4 cars are production-based vehicles with a few modifications for racing. The cars are closer to their road legal counterparts than most other GT racing classes; they are also one of the least powerful GT categories. The class uses a balance of performance system to provide close competition between different race cars.
Eddie Miller (racing driver, born 1945)
Edward Hayes "Eddie" Miller (January 17, 1945 – April 24, 2021) was a racing driver from Colorado in the United States (not to be confused with the racing driver of the same name born October 7, 1895). Miller drove for Carl Haas in Formula Ford and Formula Super Vee. He also competed in Formula 5000 and Indy Car until a near fatal crash during practice for the 1976 Indianapolis 500 curtailed Miller's career. Miller won the United States Formula Ford National Championship twice, in 1972 and 1974, and he won the US Formula Super Vee title in 1975.

Formula F at the SCCA National Championship Runoffs
Formula F is one of the oldest classes competed at the SCCA National Championship Runoffs.

Formula Ford was first introduced at the Runoffs in 1969 at Daytona. The first edition featured 21 drivers with Skip Barber winning the race and scoring the fastest lap. Most cars in the field were imported British Formula Ford cars such as the Merlyn, Lotus and Royale. Barber also won the second edition in 1970. The following decades saw many racing drivers competed in various different racing chassis. Dave Weitzenhof is the most successful driver in the class winning four times, each at Road Atlanta.

The introduction of the Swift DB1 in 1983 started an era of dominance. The chassis type won the race ten times. The chassis type also won ten consecutive pole positions between 1983 and 1992. In 2009 the Honda L engine was introduced alongside the Ford Kent engine and Ford Cortina engine. In 2012 the first Formula F Runoffs was won by a Honda engine.
Abteiberg Museum
Museum Abteiberg is a municipal museum for contemporary art in the German city Mönchengladbach.

Since the 1970s, the museum has been known for its experimental and avant-garde exhibitions, starting with director Johannes Cladders (1967–1985), and also its museum architecture, designed by Austrian architect Hans Hollein – a highpoint of postmodern design.

Max Pechstein
Hermann Max Pechstein (German pronunciation: [ˈmaks ˈpɛçʃtaɪn] ⓘ; 31 December 1881 – 29 June 1955) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and a member of the Die Brücke group. He fought on the Western Front during World War I and his art was classified as Degenerate Art by the Nazis. More than 300 paintings were removed from German Museums during the Nazi era.
Broos
Broos can have the following meanings:

Orăștie, (German: Broos, Hungarian: Szászváros), city in south-western Transylvania, Romania

Broos (film), a 1997 Dutch film

Amber Broos (born 2002), Belgian DJ

Harry Broos (1898–1954), Dutch sprinter

Hugo Broos (born 1952), Belgian footballer

Orăștie
Orăștie (Romanian pronunciation: [orəʃˈti.e]; German: Broos, Hungarian: Szászváros, Latin: Saxopolis, Transylvanian Saxon: Brooss) is a small town and municipality in Hunedoara County, south-western Transylvania, central Romania.