hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SS Henry B. Plant
SS Henry B. Plant was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Henry B. Plant, an American businessman, entrepreneur, investor involved with many transportation interests and projects, mostly railroads, in the southeastern United States. In the 1880s, most of his accumulated railroad and steamship lines were combined into the Plant System, which later became part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad.

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark ACL) was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.

The Atlantic Coast Line served the Southeast, with a concentration of lines in Florida. Numerous named passenger trains were operated by the railroad for Florida-bound tourists, with the Atlantic Coast Line contributing significantly to Florida's economic development in the first half of the 20th century.

At the end of 1925, ACL operated 4,924 miles of road, not including its flock of subsidiaries; after some merging, mileage at the end of 1960 was 5,570 not including A&WP, CN&L, East Carolina, Georgia, Rockingham, and V&CS. In 1960, ACL reported 10,623 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 490 million passenger-miles.
N. A. Naseer
N. A. Naseer, (born 10 June 1962) in Ernakulam district, Kerala, is an Indian wildlife photographer, nature conservation activist and author, who is a member of the Bombay Natural History Society. He is sometimes called the ambassador of Kerala's forests. He is also a martial artist (karate, thai-chi, chi gung).

Wildlife photography
Wildlife photography is a genre of photography concerned with documenting various forms of wildlife in their natural habitat.

As well as requiring photography skills, wildlife photographers may need field craft skills. For example, some animals and birds are difficult to approach and thus a knowledge of the animal's and birds behavior is needed in order to be able to predict its actions. Photographing some species may require stalking skills or the use of a hide/blind for concealment.

While wildlife photographs can be taken using basic equipment, successful photography of some types of wildlife requires specialist equipment, such as macro lenses for insects, long focal length lenses for birds and underwater cameras for marine life.
Comedy Slapdown
Comedy Slapdown is an Australian television improvised comedy program produced by FremantleMedia, that first aired on The Comedy Channel from 8 November 2008 at 7:30pm. The show is hosted by H.G. Nelson and features a variety of comedians participating in theatresports Matt Parkinson heads up the judging panel which includes one other celebrity judge and one judge selected from the audience. Notable guest comedians include Corinne Grant, Tom Gleeson, Natalie Garonzi, Matt Tilley and Julia Zemiro.

The premise of the show can be compared to the popular improvisational comedy program 'Whose Line Is It Anyway?' with various improvisational comedy games played as the teams compete against each other.

Theatresports
Theatresports is a form of improvisational theatre, which uses the format of a competition for dramatic effect. Opposing teams can perform scenes based on audience suggestions, with ratings by the audience or by a panel of judges. Developed by director Keith Johnstone in Calgary, Alberta, in 1977, the concept of Theatresports originated in Johnstone's observations of techniques used in professional wrestling to generate heat, or audience reaction.
2021–22 Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño
The 2021–22 season (officially known as Liga de Plata and also as Torneo Luis Baltazar Ramírez) will be El Salvador's Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño. The season will be split into two championships Apertura 2021 and Clausura 2022. The champions of the Apertura and Clausura play the direct promotion playoff every year. The winner of that series ascends to Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador.

C.D. Cacahuatique
Club Deportivo Cacahuatique  is a Salvadoran professional football club based in Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel, El Salvador tournament champion apertura 2018.

The club currently plays in the Primera División.

The club was founded in 1968.
Redding House
Redding House is a historic house in Biloxi, Mississippi, U.S.. It was built in 1908 for Charles Redding, a local businessman. It was designed in the Classical Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 18, 1984.

Biloxi, Mississippi
Biloxi (/bɪˈlʌksi/ ⓘ bih-LUK-see; French: [bilusi]) is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States. It lies on the Gulf Coast in southern Mississippi, bordering the city of Gulfport to its west. The adjacent cities are both designated as seats of Harrison County. The population of Biloxi was 49,449 at the 2020 census, making it the state's fourth-most populous city. It is a principal city of the Gulfport–Biloxi metropolitan area, home to 416,259 residents in 2020. The area's first European settlers were French colonists.

The beachfront of Biloxi lies directly on the Mississippi Sound, with barrier islands scattered off the coast and into the Gulf of Mexico. Keesler Air Force Base lies within the city and is home to the 81st Training Wing and the 403rd Wing of the U.S. Air Force Reserve.
Ministry of Finance (Egypt)
The Ministry of Finance of Egypt is part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for increasing the rate of economic growth and job creation, thus contributing to raising the standard of living of the individual and society as a whole. The current minister is Mohamed Maait. It is located in the Government District of The New Capital.

The New Capital
The New Capital (Arabic: العاصمة الجديدة, romanized: al-ʿĀṣima al-Jadīda) is a new urban community east of New Cairo in Cairo Governorate, Egypt. It is a satellite city of the nation's original capital city, Cairo. As of May 2023, 14 ministries and government entities have been relocated there. On 2 April 2024, president Abdel Fattah al-Sisi took the constitutional oath for a third consecutive term in office, officially inaugurating the New Administrative Capital as the seat of government.
Murders of Molly LaRue and Geoff Hood
Molly LaRue (February 10, 1965 – September 13, 1990) and Geoff Hood (c. 1964 – September 13, 1990) were thru-hikers on the Appalachian Trail. The couple began their southbound journey in Maine with plans to complete the entire trail before starting graduate school. They were murdered by Paul David Crews on September 13, 1990, and their bodies were discovered in Perry County, near Duncannon, Pennsylvania.

Signal Mountain, Tennessee
Signal Mountain is a town in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The town is a suburb of Chattanooga and is located on Walden Ridge. "Signal Mountain" is used as a colloquial name for the part of Walden Ridge close to the town. The town population was 8,852 as of the 2020 census and estimated to be 8,567 in 2018.
Battle of Arachova
The Battle of Arachova (Greek: Μάχη της Αράχωβας), took place between 18 and 24 November 1826 (N.S.). It was fought between an Ottoman Empire force under the command of Mustafa Bey and Greek rebels under Georgios Karaiskakis. After receiving intelligence of the Ottoman army's maneuvers, Karaiskakis prepared a surprise attack in vicinity of the village of Arachova, in central Greece. On 18 November, Mustafa Bey's 2,000 Ottoman troops were blockaded in Arachova. An 800-man force that attempted to relieve the defenders three days later failed.

On 22 November Mustafa Bey was mortally wounded and Ottoman morale plunged, as  cold weather and heavy rainfall plagued the hunger-stricken defenders. At midday on 24 November the Ottomans made a disastrous attempt at breaking out. Most were killed in the fighting or perished from the cold. The Greek victory at Arachova gained the rebels valuable time before the Great Powers came to their assistance a year later.

Livadeia
Livadeia (Greek: Λιβαδειά [livaˈðja]; Ancient Greek: Λεβάδεια [lebádeːa]) is a town in central Greece. It is the capital of the Boeotia regional unit. Livadeia lies 90 km (56 mi) north-west of Athens, 64 km (40 mi) west of Chalkida, 63 km (39 mi) south-east of Lamia, 44 km (27 mi) east-south-east of Amfissa, and 91 km (57 mi) east-north-east of Nafpaktos. The town lies some five kilometres (3.1 miles) west of Greek National Road 3, to which it is linked by National Road 48.

The area around Livadeia is mountainous, with farming activities mainly confined to the valleys. The area has traditionally been associated with the production and processing of cotton and tobacco, as well as the cultivation of cereal crops and the raising of livestock. The city also known for having participated in the Trojan War in allegiance with Mycenae.

Livadeia is home to Levadiakos F.C., it currently plays in the Greek Super League.
Martin Písařík
Martin Písařík (born 1 July 1979 in Prague) is a Czech film, television, stage and voice actor. He studied at the Jaroslav Ježek Conservatory. He performed the character of Oskar Všetečka in the Czech soap opera Ordinace v růžové zahradě.

Jaroslav Ježek Conservatory
Jaroslav Ježek Conservatory (Czech: Konzervatoř Jaroslava Ježka), located in Prague, Czech Republic, is a conservatory specializing in contemporary music. Known primarily as a school for jazz and commercial music, it also offers a six-year undergraduate diploma in Classical music, composition, conducting, scriptwriting and musical theatre. The conservatory offers instruction in piano, guitar, violin, viola, cello, bass, double bass, flute, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, trombone, percussion instruments, accordion and voice.
Pedapulivarru
Pedapulivarru is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the located in Bhattiprolu mandal of Tenali revenue division. It forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Bhattiprolu mandal
Bhattiprolu mandal is one of the 25 mandals in Bapatla district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tenali revenue division and the headquarters are located at Bhattiprolu. The mandal is situated on the banks of Krishna River, bounded by Kollur, Vemuru, Cherukupalle, Nagaram and Repalle mandals. The mandal headquarters ten villages are included in Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.
Nicolai Christian Mustad
Nicolai Christian Mustad (26 December 1878 – 13 October 1970) was a Norwegian factory owner. He was the son of Hans Mustad, and was co-owner of the company O. Mustad & Søn from 1905–1959. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1956.

In 1908, Mustad bought a Vincent van Gogh painting on the advice of Norwegian art historian and conservator Jens Thiis, but soon consigned it to an attic when either the French ambassador to Sweden or Auguste Pellerin, the Norwegian consul in Paris, suggested it was a fake or wrongly attributed. The painting languished there until Mustad's death in 1970, when it was sold to another collector. Two failed attempts were made to attribute it as a van Gogh, but it was finally identified as Sunset at Montmajour, painted by van Gogh in 1888.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Hozon
Hozon (保存) and bonji are trademarked seasonings developed by David Chang and marketed by Momofuku. They are made from fermented nuts, grains, or seeds. The name "Hozon" comes from the Japanese word meaning "to preserve".

David Chang
David Chang (Korean: 장석호; Chang Seok-ho; born August 5, 1977) is an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, author, podcaster, and television personality. He is the founder of the Momofuku restaurant group. In 2009, his restaurant Momofuku Ko was awarded two Michelin stars, which the restaurant retained each year until its closure in 2023. In 2011, he co-founded the food magazine Lucky Peach, which lasted for 25 quarterly volumes into 2017.

Chang is known for hosting television series about cooking and food, such as [Ugly Delicious] (2018), Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner (2019), The Next Thing You Eat (2021), and Dinner Time Live with David Chang (2024–present).
Yeniseysk
Yeniseysk (Russian: Енисейск, IPA: [jɪnʲɪˈsʲejsk]) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. Population: 18,766 (2010 census); 20,394 (2002 census); 22,891 (1989 Soviet census); 20,000 (1970).

Yenisei
The Yenisey or Yenisei (/ˌjɛnɪˈseɪ/, YEN-iss-AY; Russian: Енисе́й, pronounced [jɪnʲɪˈsʲej]) is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.

Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea. The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia. Its delta is formed between the Gyda Peninsula and the Taymyr Peninsula.

It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft).
Uganda World War Cemeteries
The Uganda World War Cemeteries are cemeteries in Uganda housing the remains of the soldiers who died during World War I and World War II. The cemeteries are managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. There are four World War cemeteries in Uganda, located in Tororo, Jinja, Entebbe, and Kampala.

East Africa Command
East Africa Command was a Command of the British Army. Until 1947 it was under the direct control of the Army Council and thereafter it became the responsibility of Middle East Command. It was disbanded on 11 December 1963, the day before Kenya became independent, and replaced by British Land Forces Kenya, tasked with withdrawing all remaining British troops. All remaining troops left by December 1964 and British Land Forces Kenya was disestablished.
Uryankhay Krai
Uryankhay Krai was the name of what is today Tuva and was a short-lived protectorate of the Russian Empire that was proclaimed on 17 April 1914, created from the Uryankhay Republic which had recently proclaimed its independence from the Qing dynasty of China in the Mongolian Revolution of 1911. After the February Revolution and abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, Uryankhay Krai recognized the new Russian Republic and reaffirmed its status as a Russian protectorate in 1917.

During the Russian Civil War, the country was occupied by China and Russian "Whites" between 1918 and 1921. Supported by the Red Army, the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party established the Soviet puppet state of the Tuvan People's Republic (initially Tannu Tuva) on 14 August 1921.

Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
The Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party was a political party in Tuva, founded in 1921. When the Tuvan People's Republic was founded in the same year, the party held single-party control over its government as a vanguard party.
Ikhshidid dynasty
The Ikhshidid dynasty (Arabic: الإخشيديون, romanized: al-Ikhshīdīyūn) was a Turkic dynasty of governors of Mamluk origin, who governed Egypt and parts of the Levant from 935 to 969 on behalf of the Abbasid Caliphate. The dynasty carried the Arabic title "Wāli" reflecting their position as governors on behalf of the Abbasids. The Ikhshidids came to an end when the Fatimid army conquered Fustat in 969. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, a Turkic Mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph al-Radi.

The Ikhshidid family tomb was in Jerusalem.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Geoffrey Bowes
Geoffrey Bowes (born May 15, 1956) is a Canadian actor. He is most noted for his performance in the 1979 film Something's Rotten, for which he received a Genie Award nomination for Best Actor at the 1st Genie Awards in 1980.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
Government of Bihar
Bihar Government is the state government of the Indian state of Bihar and its nine divisions which consist of districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Bihar, a judiciary and legislative branches.

Like other states in India, the head of state of Bihar is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government. The head of state is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Patna is the capital of Bihar hence, it serves as the headquarter for almost all the departments.

The Patna High Court, located in Patna, has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is bicameral. The Legislative houses are the Bihar Vidhan Sabha (Bihar Legislative Assembly) and Bihar Vidhan Parishad (Bihar Legislative Council). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.

Chief minister
A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity. Examples include a state (and sometimes a union territory) in India; a territory of Australia; a province of Sri Lanka or Pakistan; a federal province in Nepal; an autonomous region of Philippines; or a British Overseas Territory that has attained self-governance. It is also used as the English version of the title given to the heads of governments of the Malay states without a monarchy.

The title is also used in the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man (since 1986), in Guernsey (since 2004), and in Jersey (since 2005).

In 2018, Sierra Leone, a presidential republic, created the role of an appointed chief minister, which is similar to a prime minister in a semi-presidential system. Before that, only Milton Margai had the same position between 1954 and 1958.
Harvey J. Graff
Harvey J. Graff (born June 19, 1949) is a comparative social and cultural historian of North America and Western Europe

He is a professor emeritus of English and History and Ohio Eminent Scholar in Literacy Studies at Ohio State University. Graff's scholarship spans multiple areas, including the history of literacy; childhood, youth and family; urban history; interdisciplinarity; and higher education.

His work on the history and social contexts of literacy has been published in multiple languages and countries. He is also known internationally for his contributions across several academic fields, particularly in the development of interdisciplinary approaches to historical and social analysis.

Inside Higher Ed
Inside Higher Ed is an American online publication of news, opinion, resources, events and jobs in the higher education sphere. In 2022, Quad Partners, a private equity firm, sold it to Times Higher Education, itself owned by Inflexion Private Equity. It is based in Washington, D.C.
Western yellow bat
The western yellow bat (Lasiurus xanthinus) is a species of vesper bat found in Mexico and the southwestern United States.  This species roosts in trees such as Populus fremontii, Platanus wrightii, and Quercus arizonica.  If available, the western yellow bat will use the dead fronds that encircle palm trees as a roosting site.

Populus fremontii
Populus fremontii, commonly known as Frémont's cottonwood, is a cottonwood native to riparian zones of the Southwestern United States and northern through central Mexico. It is one of three species in Populus sect. Aigeiros. The tree was named after 19th-century American explorer and pathfinder John C. Frémont.
Hale Eddy, New York
Hale Eddy is a hamlet in Delaware County, New York, United States. It is located south-southeast of Deposit on New York State Route 17 (NY 17). At-grade intersections occur along NY 17 through Hale Eddy though the highway is otherwise a freeway on either side of the hamlet. The West Branch Delaware River flows east through the hamlet.

Delaware County, New York
Delaware County is a county located in the US state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 44,308.  The county seat is Delhi. The county is named after the Delaware River, which was named in honor of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, appointed governor of Virginia in 1609. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
Murmansk–Nikel Railway
The Murmansk–Nikel Railway is a 206 km long railway between Murmansk and Nikel in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, primarily for freight from the nickel mine at Nikel, with the passenger service east of Kola currently suspended. The railway was completed in 1968 and is not electrified. A part was built 1936. In 1961 the line Kola - Pechenga was opened and in 1968 to Nikel.

Nikel
Nikel (Russian: Ни́кель, lit. 'nickel'; Skolt Sami: Koolâsjokk, Norwegian: Nikkel, Finnish: Nikkeli, formerly Kolosjoki) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the shores of Lake Kuetsyarvi 196 kilometers (122 mi) northwest of Murmansk and 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) from the Norwegian border on E105. Population: 12,756 (2010 Census); 16,534 (2002 Census); 21,838 (1989 Soviet census); 18,000 (1973).