hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erdmannsdorff
Erdmannsdorff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff (1736–1800), German architect

Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff (1893–1946), German military general

Otto von Erdmannsdorff (188–1978), German diplomat

Werner von Erdmannsdorff (1891–1945), German military general

Werner von Erdmannsdorff
Werner von Erdmannsdorff (27 July 1891 – 5 June 1945) was a general in the Wehrmacht during World War II.  He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He was married to Helene née von Tschirsky und Bögendorff (1895–1982).

As last commander of the LXXXXI Army Corps in Yugoslavia, Erdmannsdorff surrendered to the British troops in May 1945.

He was extradited to Yugoslavia and executed without trial on 5 June 1945 by Yugoslav partisans in Ljubljana, alongside generals Gustav Fehn (XV Mountain Corps), Friedrich Stephan (104th Jäger Division) and Heinz Kattner (Feldkommandant of Sarajevo).

He was the older brother of general Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff, who himself would be hanged in Minsk in January 1946 for war crimes.
Inverse gambler's fallacy
The inverse gambler's fallacy, named by philosopher Ian Hacking, is a formal fallacy of Bayesian inference which is an inverse of the better known gambler's fallacy. It is the fallacy of concluding, on the basis of an unlikely outcome of a random process, that the process is likely to have occurred many times before. For example, if one observes a pair of fair dice being rolled and turning up double sixes, it is wrong to suppose that this lends any support to the hypothesis that the dice have been rolled many times before. We can see this from the Bayesian update rule: letting U denote the unlikely outcome of the random process and M the proposition that the process has occurred many times before, we have

and since P(U|M) = P(U) (the outcome of the process is unaffected by previous occurrences), it follows that P(M|U) = P(M); that is, our confidence in M should be unchanged when we learn U.

Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses a prior distribution to estimate posterior probabilities. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science, engineering, philosophy, medicine, sport, and law. In the philosophy of decision theory, Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often called "Bayesian probability".
ABA All-Star Game (2000–present)
The  ABA All-Star Game is an annual basketball event in the United States, organised by the ABA (2000). It was launched in 2002 as a revival of the original ABA All-Star Game which had started in 1968. The event is held annually and consisted of an all-star game, a three-point shoot contest and slam-dunk exhibition. The Slam Dunk Contest was first introduced worldwide in the original ABA All-Star Game. The first winner was Julius Erving of the New York Nets in 1976.

Many former NBA players like Tim Hardaway, Sam Mack, Gary Grant, and Armen Gilliam have played in the All-Star Game.

George Gervin
George Gervin (/ˈɡɜːrvɪn/ GHUR-vin; born April 27, 1952), nicknamed "the Iceman", is an American former professional basketball player who played in both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Virginia Squires, San Antonio Spurs, and Chicago Bulls. Gervin averaged at least 14 points per game in all 14 of his ABA and NBA seasons, and finished with an NBA career average of 26.2 points per game. Widely regarded as a top ten shooting guard in NBA history, in 1996 Gervin was named as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History, and in 2021, Gervin was named as one of the 75 greatest players in NBA history.
Mastigoteuthis psychrophila
Mastigoteuthis psychrophila is a species of whip-lash squid. It was first described by Kir Nazimovich Nesis in 1977, based on four individuals found in Antarctic waters. The largest was 143 mm long. The squid's tentacles are 15 mm in diameter, with 0.15 mm diameter club suckers. Integumental photophores are present upon the head, arms and fins. Although uncertain, it is believed to have more than two series of photophores on the arms, differing from other species in the M. agassizii group.  However, this species, like the rest of the family, is badly in need of revision.

Photophore
A photophore is a specialized anatomical structure found in a variety of organisms that emits light through the process of  bioluminescence. This light may be produced endogenously by the organism itself (non-symbiotic) or generated through a mutualistic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria (symbiotic), resulting in light production on a glandular organ of animals. Light organs are most commonly found in marine animals, including many species of fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye, equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters, and reflectors; unlike an eye, however, it is optimized to produce light, not absorb it.

In the context of developmental biology, light organs form through precise genetic regulation and, in some cases, microbial colonization during specific stages of an organism's life cycle. They play a crucial evolutionary role in enabling species to adapt to low-light or dark environments, particularly in the deep sea.
Francis Perceval Eliot
Francis Perceval Eliot (September 1755 – 23 August 1818) was an English soldier, auditor, and man of letters. In 1814 he succeeded his half-brother as Count Eliot, however he did not feel it was proper to assume the title.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Tuapeka River
The Tuapeka River is a river located in Otago in the South Island of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Clutha River, which it joins at Tuapeka Mouth between Roxburgh and Balclutha.

The Tuapeka's main claim to fame is as the centre of the Otago gold rush of the 1860s. The first major discovery of gold in Otago was at Gabriel's Gully, close to the Tuapeka, in 1861.

An earlier wooden crib dam was built further upstream in 1907. The concrete dam was begun in 1914. Water from the dam was conveyed on a water race to the turbine and sluicing area.

46°01′S 169°31′E﻿ / ﻿46.017°S 169.517°E﻿ / -46.017; 169.517

Roxburgh, New Zealand
Roxburgh (previously called Teviot and Teviot Junction) is a small New Zealand town of about 600 people in Central Otago. It is in Teviot Valley on the banks of the Clutha River, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Alexandra in the South Island. State Highway 8, which links Central Otago with Dunedin city, passes through the town. Roxburgh is well known for its Summer fruit and "Jimmy's Pies."

An important centre during the Otago gold rush of the 1860s, in more recent times Roxburgh has relied on a mixture of livestock and stone fruit production for its economic survival. It is one of the country's most important apple growing regions and other stone fruit such as cherries and apricots are also harvested locally.

Five kilometres to the north of the town is the Roxburgh Dam, the earliest of the major hydroelectric dams built on the Clutha. There is also an opencast lignite mine located just north of town at Coal Creek.
Radana Vas
Radana Vas (pronounced [ˈɾaːdana ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Radana vas) is a settlement on the Dravinja River southeast of Zreče in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the Municipality of Zreče in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Dravinja
The Dravinja (German: Drann, pronounced [dʁan] ⓘ) is the largest tributary of the Drava River in Slovenia. It is 73 kilometres (45 mi) long. Its source is on the Pohorje Massif southwest of Mount Rogla about 1,150 m above sea level. The river passes Zreče, the town of Slovenske Konjice, the ruins of the fort at Zbelovo, Poljčane, Makole, Štatenberg Castle, Majšperk, and Videm pri Ptuju, where it merges with the Drava. Its main tributary is the Polskava River.

The Dravinja is the best-preserved lowland river in Slovenia and has been protected as part of the European Natura 2000 network. In addition, the river is distinguished by the Pečnik Mill, which has been proclaimed an ethnological monument.
Palmerston North City Council
The Palmerston North City Council is the territorial authority for the city of Palmerston North in New Zealand.

The council is made up of a mayor elected at-large and 15 councillors, with 13 elected from a city-wide general ward (Te Hirawanui Ward) and 2 from a city-wide Māori ward (Te Pūao Ward). They are elected using a single transferable voting system in triennial elections, with the most recent elections having been held in 2022.

The current mayor is Grant Smith.

Grant Smith (politician)
Grant Charles Smith (born 1966 or 1967) is the 29th mayor of Palmerston North, New Zealand. He was first elected to the Palmerston North City Council in 2013, and was elected as mayor in the February 2015 by-election when Jono Naylor resigned. He then won the 2016 election with around 17,500 more votes than his only rival. He was re-elected in 2022. He came from a background of marketing and media, selling his design business when first elected as mayor.

Smith was re-elected as mayor in the 2025 elections.
First Baptist Church of Interlaken
First Baptist Church of Interlaken is a historic Baptist church located at Interlaken in Seneca County, New York.  It was constructed in 1861 and is a brick and stone church with a vernacular Romanesque Revival style and decorative features.  It features two irregular corner towers that convey an overall asymmetry to the edifice.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Seneca County, New York
Seneca County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,814. The primary county seat is Waterloo, moved there from the original county seat of Ovid in 1819. It became a two-shire county in 1822, which currently remains in effect and uses both locations as county seats although the majority of Seneca County administrative offices are located in Waterloo. Therefore, most political sources list only Waterloo as the county seat. The county's name comes from the Seneca Nation of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), who occupied part of the region. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Seneca County comprises the Seneca Falls, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY Combined Statistical Area.
Comiskey (surname)
Comiskey (Irish: Mac Cumascaigh) is a surname found especially in County Monaghan, Ulster, Ireland, where a branch held a family seat. The name was first recorded as being descended from Fiacha Suidhe, a younger brother of Conn of the Hundred Battles. Variants include: Cumiskey, Comaskey, Comesky, Commiskey, and Cummiskey.

Cummiskey
Cummiskey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Cummiskey (born 1964), American politician from Arizona

David R. Cummiskey (born 1940), American politician

Edward Cummiskey (1954–1976), New York mobster who served as a mentor to Jimmy Coonan, leader of the Westies

Gary Cummiskey (born 1963), South African poet and publisher

Hugh Cummiskey (1789–1871), Irish-born settler of Lowell, Massachusetts, United States

James Cummiskey (1850–1925), Canadian merchant and political figure on Prince Edward Island, Canada
Calceolaria crenatiflora
Calceolaria crenatiflora is a species of flowering plant in the pocketbook plant genus Calceolaria, family Calceolariaceae. It is native to central and southern Chile and southern Argentina. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as a warm temperate greenhouse ornamental. Along with Calceolaria corymbosa and Calceolaria cana it has contributed to the Calceolaria Herbeohybrida Group of cultivars.

Calceolariaceae
Calceolariaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that has been recently segregated from Scrophulariaceae. The family includes two genera, Calceolaria and Jovellana. Porodittia is treated as a synonym of Calceolaria. Recent molecular phylogenies that included Calceolaria have shown not only that this genus does not belong in Scrophulariaceae (or any of the numerous families recently segregated from Scrophulariaceae) but also that it is the sister clade to the majority of the other families of the Lamiales. Morphological and chemical characters also support the separation of Calceolariaceae from Scrophulariaceae and other Lamiales. Some recent studies have supported a sister-group relationship between Calceolariaceae and Gesneriaceae. Given this close relationship, some authors opt to merge this family into Gesneriaceae as subfamily Calceolarioideae
Pennsylvania Route 993
Pennsylvania Route 993 (PA 993) is a 14.4-mile-long (23.2 km) state highway located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at PA 130 in Trafford. The eastern terminus is at PA 66 Business in Hempfield Township. The route connects several of the eastern suburban communities of Pittsburgh, before ending in a rural area in between two urbanized fingers, Jeannette and Greensburg.

Greensburg, Pennsylvania
Greensburg is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,976 at the 2020 census. Located 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Pittsburgh, Greensburg is a part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The city lies within the Laurel Highlands and the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau. The city is named after Nathanael Greene, a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War.
Grade II* listed buildings in Wales
Grade II* listed buildings in Wales by county:

Anglesey

Blaenau Gwent

Bridgend

Caerphilly

Cardiff

Carmarthenshire

Ceredigion

Conwy

Denbighshire

Flintshire

Gwynedd

Merthyr Tydfil

Monmouthshire

Neath Port Talbot

Newport

Pembrokeshire

Powys

Rhondda Cynon Taf

Swansea

Torfaen

Vale of Glamorgan

Wrexham

Grade II* listed buildings in Blaenau Gwent
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade II* structures are those considered to be "particularly important buildings of more than special interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.
Swimming at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly
The women's 100 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 16 at the CIBC Pan Am/Parapan Am Aquatics Centre and Field House in Toronto, Canada. The defending Pan American Games champion was Claire Donahue of the United States.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all lengths in butterfly. The top eight swimmers from the heats would qualify for the A final (where the medals would be awarded), while the next best eight swimmers would qualify for the B final.

Claire Donahue
Claire Christine Donahue (born January 12, 1989) is an American competition swimmer.  She won two gold medals at the 2011 Pan American Games and finished second at the 2011 National Championships in the 100-meter butterfly.  She earned a gold medal for swimming in the preliminary heats of the 4×100-meter medley relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Beagh GAA
Beagh GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located near Shanaglish in south County Galway, Ireland.  The club is almost exclusively concerned with hurling. The club competes in Galway GAA competitions and fields two teams, Intermediate and Junior C. In 2008 it amalgamated with neighbouring Kilbacenty at juvenile level forming Michael Cusack's Hurling Club.

Shanaglish
Shanaglish is a village in the parish of Beagh in the south of County Galway, Ireland, close to the border with County Clare. The name Shanaglish comes from the Gaelic 'Sean Eaglais', meaning 'old church'. The village was formerly in the parish of St Anne's and there is now a Roman Catholic church dedicated to St Anne.

Ardamullivan Castle is located nearby.
Shkëlzen (given name)
Shkëlzen is an Albanian masculine given name, taken from the mountain of the same name in northern Albania. Notable people bearing the name Shkëlzen include:

Shkëlzen Baftiari (born 1986), Albanian pianist and educator

Shkëlzen Doli (born 1971), Albanian pianist

Shkëlzen Gashi (born 1988), Albanian footballer

Shkëlzen Haradinaj (1970–1999), Kosovo Liberation Army soldier

Shkëlzen Kelmendi (born 1985), Albanian footballer

Shkëlzen Maliqi (born 1947), Kosovar philosopher, art critic, and political analyst

Shkëlzen Ruçi (born 1992), Albanian footballer

Shkëlzen Shala (born 1983), Albanian entrepreneur and veganism activist

Shkëlzen Maliqi
Shkëlzen Maliqi (born 26 October 1947) is a Kosovar philosopher, art critic, political analyst and intellectual. During the early 1990s, Shkelzen was also directly involved in politics. He was one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party of Kosovo and served as its first president from 1991 to 1993. He also held leading positions in civil society organisations such as the Kosovo Civil Society Foundation (1995–2000) and the Kosovo Helsinki Committee (1990–1997).

Maliqi has published several books on art and politics in Albanian, English, Italian, Spanish, and Serbian. From the beginning of the 1980s, he has been a regular contributor to the most important media outlets in Kosovo and the former Yugoslavia. Maliqi lives in Pristina and heads the "Gani Bobi" Institute for Social Studies.
Brighton Beach Memories — Neil Sedaka Sings Yiddish
Brighton Beach Memories — Neil Sedaka Sings Yiddish is a 2003 album by Neil Sedaka for Sameach Music. Sedaka went on to perform the songs with the Klezmatics as a benefit for The National Yiddish Theater Folksbiene in 2004.

The Klezmatics
The Klezmatics are an American klezmer music group based in New York City, who have achieved fame singing in several languages, most notably mixing older Yiddish tunes with other types of more contemporary music of differing origins. They have also recorded pieces in Aramaic and Bavarian.
Omphalos of Delphi
The Omphalos of Delphi is an ancient marble monument that was found at the archaeological site of Delphi, Greece. According to the Ancient Greek myths regarding the founding of the Delphic Oracle, the god Zeus, in his attempt to locate the center of the Earth, launched two eagles from the two ends of the world, and the eagles, starting simultaneously and flying at equal speed, crossed their paths above the area of Delphi, and so was the place where Zeus placed the stone. Since then, Delphi has been considered by Greeks to be the center of the world, as the site of the original omphalos –  "navel of the Earth."

Hesiod's telling of the myth in The Theogony says Zeus set up for veneration at Mount Parnassus the same stone given by his mother Rhea to his father Kronos to eat in his place, which had allowed Zeus to begin his reign.

A version of the omphalos once used in the temple is held in Delphi Archaeological Museum; there is also a simplified copy at the site where it was found.

Theogony
The Theogony (Ancient Greek: Θεογονία, romanized: Theogonía, lit. 'the genealogy or birth of the gods') is a poem by Hesiod (8th–7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC. It is written in the epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1,022 lines. It is one of the most important sources for the understanding of early Greek cosmology.
2016 Grand Prix Hassan II – Doubles
Rameez Junaid and Adil Shamasdin were the defending champions, but chose not to compete this year.
Guillermo Durán and Máximo González won the title, defeating Marin Draganja and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi in the final, 6–2, 3–6, [10–6].

Adil Shamasdin
Adil Shamasdin (/əˈdiːl ʃəˈmæzɪn/ ə-DEEL shə-MAZ-in; born May 23, 1982) is a Canadian professional tennis player who specialises in doubles. He reached his highest doubles ranking of world No. 41 on June 26, 2017.
Gideon Putnam
Gideon Putnam (April 17, 1763 – December 1, 1812) was an entrepreneur and a founder of Saratoga Springs, New York. He also worked as a miller and built the city's Grand Union and Congress Hotels. The Gideon Putnam Hotel in the Saratoga Spa State Park is named after Putnam.

Putnam was a nephew of revolutionary war generals Rufus Putnam and Israel Putnam.

Miller
A miller is a person who operates a mill, a machine to grind a grain (for example corn or wheat) to make flour. Milling is among the oldest of human occupations. "Miller", "Milne" and other variants are common surnames, as are their equivalents in other languages around the world ("Melnyk" in Russian, Belarusian & Ukrainian, "Meunier" in French, "Müller" or "Mueller" in German, "Mulder" and "Molenaar" in Dutch, "Molnár" in Hungarian, "Molinero" and "Molina" in Spanish, "Molinaro" or "Molinari" in Italian, "Mlinar" in South Slavic languages etc.). Milling existed in hunter-gatherer communities, and later millers were important to the development of agriculture.

The materials ground by millers are often foodstuffs and particularly grain.  The physical grinding of the food allows for the easier digestion of its nutrients and saves wear on the teeth. Non-food substances needed in a fine, powdered form, such as building materials, may be processed by a miller.
Chantal Singer
Chantal Singer is a Canadian water skier from Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

She began Water skiing at the age of 4.  She has competed in international competitions and won first place in  three Pan-American waterski championships, in the years 2010, 2012 and 2016. As of 2017, she attends and skis collegiately for Rollins College, a liberal arts school located in Winter Park, Florida.

Singer is a member of the Ontario Water Ski Team and the under 21 Canadian Water Ski Team.

Rollins College
Rollins College is a private liberal arts college in Winter Park, Florida. It was founded in November 1885 and has about 30 undergraduate majors and several master's programs. Florida's fourth oldest post-secondary institution, and oldest private university, it has an approximate enrollment of 3,000 students, composed of roughly 2,500 undergraduates and 500 postgraduates.