hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 in the Philippines
2015 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 2015. International events that are connected, or concerned with the Philippines are also included in this significant and important article.

The year was designated by the Department of Tourism as Visit the Philippines Year.

Department of Health (Philippines)
The Department of Health (DOH; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Kalusugan) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services by all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care, the regulation of all health services and products. It is the government's over-all technical authority on health. It has its headquarters at the San Lazaro Compound, along Rizal Avenue in Manila.

The current head of the department is Sec. Ted Herbosa. The health secretary is also a member of the Cabinet.
Jayne Senior
Jayne Senior is a British youth worker and manager of the Swinton Lock Activity Centre near Mexborough in South Yorkshire, England.

Senior is a former manager of Risky Business in Rotherham, a youth project set up in 1997 by Rotherham Council to work with girls and young women at risk of sexual exploitation.

Working for over a decade to expose the issue of child sexual exploitation within Rotherham, Senior's efforts included acting as a whistleblower for a series of articles in The Times about the council's apparent attempts to cover up the abuse. The articles triggered a public inquiry by Alexis Jay, an inspection of the council by Louise Casey, the subsequent replacement of the councillors by government-appointed commissioners, and several criminal inquiries.

Senior was awarded an MBE in the 2016 Birthday Honours. She is the author of Broken and Betrayed: The true story of the Rotherham abuse scandal by the woman who fought to expose it (2016).

Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council
Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough.

The council has been under Labour majority control since the modern borough was created in 1974. Council meetings are held at Rotherham Town Hall and the council's main offices are at Riverside House.
O Desejado
O Desejado (French: Les montagnes de la lune, also known as O Desejado ou As Montanhas da Lua and Mountains Of The Moon) is a 1987  Portuguese-French drama film  written and directed by Paulo Rocha and starring Luís Miguel Cintra.

The film was entered into the main competition at the 44th edition of the Venice Film Festival. The production of the film, and the experience of Yves Afonso, a French actor of Portuguese descent who first visited Portugal because of this film, later inspired Voyage to the Beginning of the World by Manoel de Oliveira.

44th Venice International Film Festival
The 44th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 29 August to 9 September 1987.

Greek actress and singer Irene Papas was the Jury President of the main competition. The Golden Lion winner was Au revoir les enfants directed by Louis Malle.
James P. Vary
James P. Vary (born Savanna, Illinois, May 1943) is an American theoretical physicist and professor at the Iowa State University, specializing in nuclear theory with an emphasis on "ab initio" solutions of quantum many-particle systems and light-front quantum field theory.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
The Owl Answers
The Owl Answers is a one-act experimental play by Adrienne Kennedy. It premiered in 1965 at the White Barn Theatre in Westport, Connecticut one year after Kennedy's most well-known piece, the Obie Award-winning Funnyhouse of a Negro. Subsequent productions have been alongside another of Kennedy's one-acts, A Beast Story, as Cities in Bezique.

Obie Award
The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards given since 1956 by The Village Voice newspaper to theater artists and groups involved in off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. Starting just after the 2014 ceremony, the American Theatre Wing became the joint presenter and administrative manager of the Obie Awards. The Obie Awards are considered off-Broadway's highest honor, similar to the Tony Awards for Broadway productions.
K7015/7016 Harbin–Qiqihar through train
The K7015/7016 Harbin–Qiqihar through train (Chinese: K7015/7016次哈尔滨西到齐齐哈尔快速列车) is a Chinese railway running between Harbin to Qiqihar express passenger trains by the Harbin Railway Bureau, Harbin passenger segment responsible for passenger transport task, Habin originating on the Qiqihar train. 25G Type Passenger trains running along the Binzhou Railway and Pingqi Railway across Heilongjiang provinces, the entire 310 km. Harbin West Railway Station to Qiqihar Railway Station running 3 hours and 30 minutes, use trips for K7015; Qiqihar Railway Station to Qiqihar Railway Station Station to run 4 hours and 10 minutes, use trips for K7016.

Qiqihar railway station
Qiqihar station (simplified Chinese: 齐齐哈尔站; traditional Chinese: 齊齊哈爾站; pinyin: Qiqihar Zhàn) is a railway station of the Harbin–Qiqihar intercity railway, Siping-Qiqihar Railway and Qiqihar–Bei'an Railway. The station is located in the town of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Edward O'Connell
Edward "O'Connell (25 April 1897 – 27 January 1971) was an Irish hurler who played as a full-back for the Cork senior team.

Born in Blackrock, Cork, O'Connell first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-two when he first linked up with the Cork senior team. He made his senior debut during the 1920 championship. O'Connell later became a regular member of the starting fifteen, and won four All-Ireland medals, five Munster medals and two National Hurling League medals.

As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, O'Connell won two Railway Cup medals. At club level he was a seven-time championship medallist with Blackrock.

Throughout his career O'Connell made 32 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1932 championship.

1932 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1931 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 46th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 1 May 1932 and ended on 4 September 1932.

Cork were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series of games. Kilkenny won the title following a 3–3 to 2–3 victory over Clare in the final.
Buffer Lake
Buffer Lake is large, shallow salt lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The lake is mostly dependent on spring run-off and seasonal rains to maintain water levels. During periods of drought, extensive mudflats form around the lake. The lake is in the Rural Municipality of Grant No. 372, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north-east of Vonda.

Buffer Lake (SK 076) is an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada that covers an area of 129.72 km2 (50.09 sq mi). It is important habitat for the piping plover and whooping crane. Five gravelly beaches along the western and northern shores have been designated as critical piping plover habitat and as such, the shoreline up to the highwater mark is protected from development. Other birds found at the lake include the red-necked phalarope, Baird's sandpiper, Hudsonian godwit, sanderling, and the buff-breasted sandpiper.

Buff-breasted sandpiper
The buff-breasted sandpiper (Calidris subruficollis) is a small shorebird. The species name subruficollis is from Latin subrufus, "reddish" (from sub, "somewhat", and rufus, "rufous") and collis, "-necked/-throated" (from collum, "neck"). It is a calidrid sandpiper.
Victory (Narada Michael Walden album)
Victory is the fifth full-length studio release from the American R&B singer and producer Narada Michael Walden.  Released in 1980 on Atlantic, it featured him once again teaming up with producer Bob Clearmountain.

Bob Clearmountain
Bob Clearmountain (born Chiaramonte, January 15, 1953) is an American mixing engineer and record producer, best known for his work with major acts, including Bryan Adams,  David Bowie, Bon Jovi, Huey Lewis and the News, Roxy Music, the Pretenders, Paul McCartney, Bruce Springsteen, and the Rolling Stones. Described by Sound on Sound magazine as having "his name on more hit records than anyone else in the history of popular music", he is credited with establishing the role of mixing engineer.

Clearmountain has mixed some of the most famous live shows in music history, including Live Aid and The Concert for New York City. Records mixed by Clearmountain have won eight Grammy Awards. He has also won two Emmy Awards from five nominations.
Montgomery Guards
The Montgomery Guards were an Irish-American militia company that formed in Boston in 1837 and were forced to disband the following year due to extreme nativist and anti-Catholic sentiment in the city.

On September 12, 1837, at the annual fall muster on Boston Common, six companies of militiamen marched off the field to protest the inclusion of the Montgomery Guards. Afterwards, as the company's forty members marched down Tremont Street to their armory, they were mobbed by about 3,000 angry spectators who pelted them with bottles and rocks and threatened to storm the building.

City officials and the press strongly denounced the riot and praised the Montgomery Guards for their restraint. Nevertheless, Governor Edward Everett ordered the disbandment of the company for public safety reasons. Another company by the same name was formed sometime after the American Civil War.

Nativism (politics)
Nativism is the political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native-born or indigenous people over those of immigrants, including the support of anti-immigration and immigration-restriction measures.
West Virginia High School Football State Championships and playoff history
The West Virginia High School Football State Championships have been held since the early 1900s. The West Virginia Secondary School Activities Commission (WVSSAC) began its formal recognition of WV State Football Championships in 1937 with the state's sports writers' vote. The WVSSAC began a class system, dividing larger and smaller schools in 1947. WVSSAC official playoff games began in 1948. Prior to the WVSSAC's involvement in an official playoff, there were other systems in play. From 1916 to 1955 the WVSSAC was called the West Virginia Athletic Association.

Wheeling Central Catholic High School
Central Catholic High School is a Roman Catholic high school in Wheeling, West Virginia. It was part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston and opened in 1865.

At the end of the 2016–2017 school year Bishop Donahue Memorial High School closed and merged into Central Catholic.
Yeah!!!
Yeah!!! (or Aretha Franklin in Person With Her Quartet) is the seventh studio album by American singer Aretha Franklin. Released on May 17, 1965, by Columbia Records. Contrary to the overdubbed sounds of audience murmurs, the album was not a live album, but instead was recorded live at New York's Columbia Studios and produced by Clyde Otis. This would be Franklin's last collection of jazz recordings until the release of 1969's Soul '69, released during her landmark tenure at Atlantic Records. An expanded version of the album that also contains the original session tracks without audience overdubs has been released on CD in the Columbia Box Set Take a Look: Aretha Franklin Complete On Columbia.

Clyde Otis
Clyde Lovern Otis (September 11, 1924 – January 8, 2008) was an American songwriter and record producer, best known for his collaboration with singer Brook Benton, and for being one of the first African-American A&R executives at a major label.

According to the music licensing organization Broadcast Music, Inc., Otis is credited as the writer or co-writer of almost 800 songs.
Goodbye (Slaughterhouse song)
"Goodbye" is the fourth single of the hip hop group Slaughterhouse from their album Welcome to: Our House, which was released on August 28, 2012. The song features Ming-Xia formally of The Spooks. The song features production by Boi-1da. It was available to purchase on iTunes on August 14, 2012.  There is a remix featuring Fat Joe, dedicated to Chris Lighty.

Boi-1da
Matthew Jehu Samuels (born October 12, 1986), known professionally as Boi-1da (a play on Boy Wonder) is a Canadian record producer and songwriter based in Toronto, Ontario.

He is an in-house producer for Drake's OVO Sound label and has produced for a variety of artists and groups, most notably Drake, Rihanna, Eminem, Jay-Z, Nicki Minaj, Nas, Jack Harlow, Kanye West and Kendrick Lamar among others. In 2015, Samuels served as the executive producer for Drake's mixtape If You're Reading This It's Too Late.
Valarsace
Valarsace (Old Armenian: Վաղարշակ Vałaršak, pronounced as Vagharshak) was of Parthian origin and the founder of the Armenian branch of the Arsacid dynasty, according to Movses of Khorenatsi's account. However, scholarship considers him to be a composite of various kings. The first work of the new king was said to wipe out brigandage. He was horrified by the barbarity of the country, whose inhabitants, he reported, lived by murder and pillage. Valarsace organized a subdivision of the Parthian empire and conferred his greatest favors upon Bagarat, one of the ancestors of the Bagratuni dynasty.

Brigandage
Brigandage is the life and practice of highway robbery and plunder. It is practiced by a brigand, a person who is typically part of a gang and lives by pillage and robbery.

The word brigand entered English as brigant via French from Italian as early as 1400. Under the laws of war, soldiers acting on their own recognizance without operating in chain of command are brigands, liable to be tried under civilian laws as common criminals. However, on occasions brigands are not mere malefactors, but may be rebels against a state or union perceived as the enemy.

Bad administration and suitable terrain encourage the development of brigands. Historical examples of brigands (often called so by their enemies) have existed in territories of France, Greece and the Balkans, India, Italy, Mexico and Spain, as well as certain regions of the United States.
Countess of Hertford
Countess of Hertford is a title given to the wife of the Earl of Hertford. Women who have held the title include:

Isabel Marshal (1200–1240)

Maud de Lacy, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester (1223-1289)

Lady Katherine Grey (1540-1568)

Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond (1578-1639)

Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (1699–1754)

Isabella Seymour-Conway, Countess of Hertford (1726-1782)

Frances Stewart, Duchess of Lennox
Frances Stewart (née Howard), Duchess of Lennox and Richmond, Countess of Hertford (27 July 1578 – 8 October 1639) was the daughter of a younger son of the Duke of Norfolk. An orphan of small fortune, she rose to be the only duchess at the court of James I of England. She married the son of a London alderman who died in 1599, leaving her a wealthy widow at a young age. She became, for 20 years, the third wife of the ageing Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford, nephew of Jane Seymour, third queen consort of Henry VIII.  Within months of Edward's death she married a cousin of James I, Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Richmond.  One of the great beauties of the Jacobean court, she was also the patron of Captain John Smith of the Virginia Colony.
Mukoeyama Kofun Cluster
The Mukoyama Kofun cluster (向山古墳群, Mukoyama Kofun-gun) is a cluster of Kofun period burial mounds located in the Yodoe neighborhood of the city of Yonago, Tottori Prefecture, in the San'in region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site in 1932, with the area under protection expanded in 1999.

San'in region
The San'in Region (山陰地方, San'in Chihō) is an area in the southwest of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It consists of the northern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Sea of Japan. Specifically, it is the two prefectures of Shimane and Tottori.
Vincenzo Bettoni
Vincenzo Bettoni (1 July 1881, Melegnano – 4 November 1954, Milan) was an Italian operatic bass who performed internationally from 1902 to 1950. He was a resident artist at La Scala in Milan from 1926 to 1940, and afterwards continued to appear periodically as a guest artist at that house through 1950. Other opera houses he sang with during his career included the Liceu in Barcelona, the Royal Opera House in London, the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, the Teatro Regio in Turin, the Vienna State Opera, and the Zürich Opera among others.

Vincenzo Bettoni in The Fair at Sorochyntsi, Teatro alla Scala, Milan (autographed photo).

Vincenzo Bettoni in L'italiana in Algeri, Teatro alla Scala (photo with dedication).

Vincenzo Bettoni in Mârouf, Teatro alla Scala, 1938-1939.

Mârouf, savetier du Caire
Mârouf, savetier du Caire (Marouf, Cobbler of Cairo) is an opéra comique in five acts by the French composer Henri Rabaud. The libretto, by Lucien Nepoty, is based on a tale from the Arabian Nights. Mârouf was first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris, on 15 May 1914. The premiere was a great success and Mârouf became Rabaud's most popular opera. The score makes great use of oriental colour.
Pengiran Muda Abdul Qawi
Abdul Qawi ibni Mohamed Bolkiah (born 27 January 1974) is a businessman and member of the Brunei royal family. He is the nephew of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei and the brother-in-law of Sultan Muhammad V of Kelantan, Malaysia.

Sultan of Kelantan
The Sultan of Kelantan (Malay: Sultan Kelantan, Jawi: سلطان كلنتن) is the constitutional head of Kelantan state in Malaysia. The executive power of the state is vested in him as the monarch of the state. The current sultan, Muhammad V, is the 29th Sultan of Kelantan. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities of its people. He was the 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the monarch and head of state of Malaysia from 13 December 2016 to his abdication on 6 January 2019, after his election on 14 October 2016 at the 243rd (special) Conference of Rulers.
Downeast Scenic Railroad
The Downeast Scenic Railroad (reporting mark DSRX) is a heritage railway in Ellsworth, Maine which is owned and operated by the Downeast Rail Heritage Trust, which is a 501(c)3 charitable organization founded in the fall of 2005. The railroad operates over the historic Calais Branch which was once part of the Maine Central Railroad.  Operations are out of Washington Junction and runs west towards Brewer.  The railroad inaugural run was Saturday, 24 July 2010, with invited guests on board.  The first 4 miles (6.4 km) to Ellsworth Falls have been completed, but work continues on the line west of Ellsworth Falls from Ellsworth to Green Lake where the railroad plans to run excursion trains in the near future.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Your Love (David Guetta and Showtek song)
"Your Love" is a song by French music producer David Guetta and Dutch electronic dance music duo Showtek. It was written by Fred McFarlane, Joren van der Voort, Jaap Reesema, Allen George, Guetta, Showtek and Ralph Wegner, with production handled by the latter three. The song was released commercially for digital download and streaming on 14 June 2018 by Guetta's record label What a Music. The song serves as a bonus single from Guetta’s album 7. It contains an interpolation of "Show Me Love" by American singer Robin S.

Fred McFarlane
Frederick Craig McFarlane (November 14, 1959 – September 3, 2016) was an American R&B songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist. McFarlane's career as a songwriter and producer spanned more than 30 years. He wrote or co-wrote a number of R&B and dance hits including Jenny Burton's "Bad Habits" in 1985; Robin S.' 1993 debut single "Show Me Love" which he co-wrote with Allen George; and Jason Derulo's "Don't Wanna Go Home".

McFarlane began his professional career as a keyboardist, supporting such artists as Crown Heights Affair and Enchantment. He transitioned to producing during the 1980s. Among the songs he produced was Jocelyn Brown's 1984 hit "Somebody Else's Guy".

McFarlane also penned songs for dozens of other artists, including Will Downing, Force MDs, Evelyn "Champagne" King, Keith Sweat and Madonna.

McFarlane died in early September 2016. A cause of death was not released at the time.
Mustelidae
The Mustelidae (/mʌˈstɛlɪdiː/; from Latin mustela, weasel) are a diverse family of carnivoran mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, polecats, martens, grisons, and wolverines. Otherwise known as mustelids (/ˈmʌstɪlɪdz/), they form the largest family in the suborder Caniformia of the order Carnivora with about 66 to 70 species in nine subfamilies.

Dentition
Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. In particular, it is the characteristic arrangement, type, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age, as well as the morpho-physiology (that is, the relationship between the shape and form of the tooth in question and its inferred function) of the animal's teeth.
Uelmen
Uelmen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Betty Uelmen (1919–1974), known professionally under the pen name Dail Ambler, British screenwriter

Erich Uelmen (born 1996), American baseball player

Gerald Uelmen (born 1940), American attorney

Matt Uelmen (born 1972), American video game music composer

Erich Uelmen
Erich Uelmen (born May 19, 1996) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Saraperos de Saltillo of the Mexican League. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Phillies.
Government Degree College, Budgam
Government Degree College Budgam  also known as Sheikh-ul-Alam Memorial Degree College Budgam, SAM College Budgam, is University of Kashmir affiliated autonomous co-educational degree college, located at district headquarter Budgam in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.The college was founded in the year 2005 and is recognised by University Grants Commission of Indian under section 2(f) and (12b) of UGC Act, 1956.The College has started receiving grants from the UGC under various developmental schemes of academic and infrastructural nature. Prof. Mohd Amin Malik Joined as the principal of The College on 6 December 2024.

Budgam
Budgam (Urdu pronunciation: [bəɖɡɑːm]), known as Badgom (Kashmiri pronunciation: [baɖɡoːm]; lit. 'big village') in Kashmiri, is a town in Budgam district in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. In the 2001 census, it was recorded as having a notified area committee, but by the 2011 census it had a municipal committee.