hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mercer Ice Stream
Mercer Ice Stream (84°50′S 145°00′W﻿ / ﻿84.833°S 145.000°W﻿ / -84.833; -145.000), formerly Ice Stream A, flows west to Gould Coast to the south of Whillans Ice Stream, Antarctica. It is the southernmost of several major ice streams draining from Marie Byrd Land into the Ross Ice Shelf. The ice streams were investigated and mapped by U.S. Antarctic Research Program personnel in a number of field seasons from 1983–84 and named Ice Stream A, B, C, etc., according to their position from south to north. The name was changed by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2002 to honor Quaternary geologist John H. Mercer (1922–87) of the Institute of Polar Studies (now the Byrd Polar Research Center), Ohio State University, who mapped the moraines above Reedy Glacier and in the Ohio Range at the head of Horlick Ice Stream, the major tributaries to Mercer Ice Stream.

Ohio Range
The Ohio Range (84°45′S 114°00′W﻿ / ﻿84.750°S 114.000°W﻿ / -84.750; -114.000) is a range in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. 
It is about 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) long and 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) wide, extending west-southwest – east-northeast from Eldridge Peak to Mirsky Ledge. 
The range forms the northeast end of the Horlick Mountains and consists primarily of a large snow-topped plateau with steep northern cliffs and several flat-topped ridges and mountains. The highest point, 2,990 metres (9,810 ft), is the summit of Mount Schopf.
Massacre of the Innocents (Rubens)
The Massacre of the Innocents is the subject of two paintings by Peter Paul Rubens depicting the episode of the biblical Massacre of the Innocents of Bethlehem, as related in the Gospel of Matthew (2:13–18). The first, measuring 142 x 182 cm, was painted after his return to his native Antwerp in 1608, following eight years spent in Italy.

Gartenpalais Liechtenstein
The Gartenpalais Liechtenstein (eng.: Liechtenstein Garden Palace) is a baroque palace on Fürstengasse in Vienna's 9th district, Alsergrund. The palace is owned by the Princely Family of Liechtenstein, rulers of Liechtenstein. It sits on the southern end of the Liechtensteinpark.

Until 2011, the palace was home to the Liechtenstein Museum. The building was renamed "Gartenpalais Liechtenstein" to distinguish it from the Stadtpalais Liechtenstein in the Innere Stadt.
Alina Gherasim
Camelia Alina Gherasim (née Tecuţă, born 10 November 1971 in Galaţi) is a Romanian long-distance runner. Gherasim competed in the marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She has won a number of road races including the 1996 Paris Marathon, the 2005 Monaco Marathon (2:43:44), and the 2006 California International Marathon (2:34:23).

California International Marathon
The California International Marathon (CIM) is an annual road marathon (42.195 km (26.219 mi)) held in Northern California since 1983.  The net downhill course starts at Folsom Dam and ends at the State Capitol in Sacramento.  The race is organized by the Sacramento Running Association.

With just under 10,000 finishers, it is one of the ten largest marathons in the United States.
Gastón Lobos
Luis Gastón Lobos Barrientos (15 November 1926 – detained-disappeared, 5 October 1973) was a sitting parliamentarian who was detained and disappeared by the regime of Augusto Pinochet.

A member of the Radical Party of Chile, he had been elected deputy in March 1973 for the Twenty-first Departmental District, which included the then-departments of Temuco, Lautaro, Imperial, Pitrufquén, and Villarrica, Cautín Province, for the 1973–1977 term.

Temuco
Temuco (Spanish pronunciation: [teˈmuko]) is a city and commune, capital of the Cautín Province and of the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. The city is located 670 kilometres (416 miles) south of Santiago. The city grew out from a fort of the same name established in 1881 during Chile's invasion of Araucanía. Temuco lies in the middle of the historic Araucanía, a traditional land of the indigenous Mapuche.

Temuco's central place in Araucanía with easy access to the Andean valleys, lakes and coastal areas makes it a hub for tourism, agricultural, livestock and forestry operations as well as a communication and trade centre for the numerous small towns of Araucanía. Temuco has recently been regarded as a university city as it houses two large universities: University of the Frontier and Temuco Catholic University. Nobel laureates Gabriela Mistral and Pablo Neruda both lived in Temuco for some time.
Rio Grande Valley Grandes
Rio Grande Valley Grandes was an American soccer team based in Edinburg, Texas, United States. Founded in 2010, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Mid South Division of the Southern Conference. The team played its home games at Edinburg Field in nearby Edinburg, Texas. The team's colors were white, blue and gold. The team folded after its first season in 2011.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Guy de Chauliac
Guy de Chauliac (French: [də ʃoljak]), also called Guido or Guigo de Cauliaco (c. 1300 – 25 July 1368), was a French physician and surgeon who wrote a lengthy and influential treatise on surgery in Latin, titled Chirurgia Magna. It was translated into many other languages (including Middle English) and widely read by physicians in late medieval Europe.

Treatise
A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subjects concerned with investigating or exposing the main principles of the subject and its conclusions. A monograph is a treatise on a specialized topic.
Jean Joseph Guieu
Jean Joseph Guieu, also Jean Guyeux, (30 September 1758 – 5 October 1817) joined the French royal army and quickly rose in rank during the French Revolutionary Wars. He fought in the War of the Pyrenees against Spain and became a general officer. After transferring to Italy, he held important commands under Napoleon Bonaparte in the Italian campaign of 1796-1797. He retired from the army in 1803 and his surname is one of the Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars
The Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801) were a series of conflicts fought principally in Northern Italy between the French Revolutionary Army and a Coalition of Austria, Russia, Piedmont-Sardinia, and a number of other Italian states.

The campaign of 1796-1797 brought prominence to Napoleon Bonaparte, a young, largely unknown commander, who led French forces to victory over numerically superior Austrian and Sardinian armies.
Syriac Sinaiticus
The Syriac Sinaiticus or Codex Sinaiticus Syriacus (syrs), known also as the Sinaitic Palimpsest and the Old Syriac Gospels is one of the Syriac versions of the Bible. The Syriac Sinaiticus is a late-4th- or early-5th-century manuscript of 179 folios, containing a nearly complete translation of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament into Syriac, which have been overwritten by a vita (biography) of female saints and martyrs with a date corresponding to AD 697. This palimpsest is the oldest copy of the Gospels in Syriac, one of two surviving manuscripts (the other being the Curetonian Gospels) that are conventionally dated to before the Peshitta, the standard Syriac translation. The Syriac palimpsest [catalogued as Sinai, Syr. 30] was discovered by a Western researcher at Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in 1892.

Codex Koridethi
Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on parchment. It is designated by the siglum Θ or 038 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and as ε050  in the Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 9th century CE. The manuscript has several gaps. It has been considered by scholars as a leading member of the Caesarean text-type in the Gospel of Mark.
Cavriglia
Cavriglia is a comune (municipality) in the province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Florence and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Arezzo.

Cavriglia borders the following municipalities: Figline Valdarno, Gaiole in Chianti, Greve in Chianti, Montevarchi, Radda in Chianti, San Giovanni Valdarno.

Gaiole in Chianti
Gaiole in Chianti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Florence and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Siena. Forbes named it number one in its list of "Europe's Most Idyllic Places To Live."

Each year in March, a professional bicycle race is held, known as Strade Bianche in reference to the white gravel roads of the Siena region. In October there is a public event, using many of the same roads, for vintage bicycle enthusiasts known as L'Eroica. This starts and finishes in Gaiole including a full week of festivities.
Kępka Szlachecka
Kępka Szlachecka [ˈkɛmpka ʂlaˈxɛt͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowal, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. However a part of the village lies within Gmina Choceń.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Robert McWhorter
Robert Ligon McWhorter (June 19, 1819 – May 20, 1908) was an American planter and politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1847 to 1861, and then switched to serving as a Republican in both houses of the Georgia General Assembly from 1868 to 1884. He was the first Republican to hold the seat of Speaker of the Georgia House.

Georgia General Assembly
The Georgia General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Each of the General Assembly's 236 members serve two-year terms and are directly elected by constituents of their district. The Constitution of Georgia vests all legislative power with the General Assembly. Both houses have similar powers, though each has unique duties as well. For example, the origination of appropriations bills only occurs in the House, while the Senate is tasked with confirmation of the governor's appointments.

The General Assembly meets in the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta.
Cassius Apronianus
Cassius Apronianus was a Roman senator who lived in the 2nd century. It has been conjectured that he supposedly married the daughter of the Greek historian, orator, and philosopher Dio Chrysostom. Their son was the historian, consul and senator Cassius Dio.

Apronianus was originally from Bithynia (modern northwestern Turkey). He was governor of Lycia et Pamphylia around 179/180, then of Cilicia (modern southeastern Turkey) c. 180 – c. 183, where he was joined by his son Dio. Apronianus became suffect consul most likely around 185, after which he served as governor of Dalmatia (modern Dalmatia, Croatia).

Bithynia
Bithynia (/bɪˈθɪniə/; Koine Greek: Βιθυνία, romanized: Bithynía) is a geographical region of northwestern Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It borders Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor.

Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 3rd century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus (region) region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.

In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333.
Baddesley Clinton (village)
Baddesley Clinton is a village and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about 5+1⁄2 miles (9 km) southeast of Solihull. The village has Anglo-Saxon origins. It is believed that at some point it was settled by an Anglo-Saxon called Baeddi, Badde or Bade as a clearing in the Forest of Arden to graze cattle. Such a clearing was called a leah or ley – hence Badde's Ley which became Baddesley. Through most of the medieval era, the village was part of Hampton in Arden. In 1290 it passed to the de Clinton family. The de Clintons were a powerful Norman family of the area and held Maxstoke Castle, Brandon Castle and Kenilworth Castle at various times. It was at this point that it became known as Baddesley Clinton. The village is famed for its National Trust property, Baddesley Clinton. The village also has a Grade II listed church dedicated to St Michael, which shares a Rector with St Mary the Virgin's church in the nearby parish of Lapworth.

Hampton in Arden
Hampton in Arden is a village and civil parish located in the Forest of Arden in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, in the West Midlands of England. Hampton in Arden was part of Warwickshire until the 1974 boundary changes. It lies within the Meriden Gap which is an area of countryside between Solihull and Coventry.

In 1968 the central part of the village was designated a Conservation Area, which is an "area of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance". Its population in the 2001 census was 1,787, increasing to 1,834 at the 2011 Census.
Mompha sexstrigella
Mompha sexstrigella is a moth in the family Momphidae. It has a Holarctic distribution. In Europe it is found in northern Fennoscandia and Estonia. It is also found in the Asian part of Russia, where it is known from the Altai mountains, southern Siberia and Sakhalin. In North America, it is found in Canada and the western United States.

The wingspan is 10–11 mm. There is one generation per year with adults on wing from the second half of June to the middle of August.

The larvae feed on Chamaenerion angustifolium. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Larvae can be found from July to August.

Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia. Administratively, this roughly encompasses the mainlands of Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia.
Venezia 2000
Venezia 2000 is the fourth album and the first official compilation by the Italian chamber orchestra Rondò Veneziano, released in 1983 by Baby Records. The album is a non-stop mix of their popular tracks. The album reached the first place in the Swiss chart, and also became double platinum. In France, the album was released as Venise de l'an 2000.

Swiss Hitparade
The Swiss Hitparade (German: Schweizer Hitparade) is Switzerland's main music sales charts. The charts are a record of the highest-selling singles and albums in various genres in Switzerland.

The Swiss charts include:

Singles Top 75 (released since 1968)

Singles Top 100

Albums Top 100 (released since late 1983)

Compilations Top 20

Airplay Top 30

Streaming Top 100

Swiss Artist Singles Top 10

Swiss Artist Albums Top 10

Vinyl Albums Top 10

Rock Albums Top 5

Pop Albums Top 5

Hip Hop Albums Top 5

Since 2010, Hitparade's compiler Media Control has also set up Les Charts, a record chart of the highest-selling singles and albums in Romandie, the Francophone region of Switzerland:

Romandie Singles Top 20 (discontinued)

Romandie Albums Top 50

The charts are updated weekly on Sundays, and are posted publicly on the preceding Wednesday mornings.
Vincent Gregory
Vincent "Vince" Gregory (July 20, 1948 – October 21, 2022) was an American law enforcement officer and politician who served as a member of the Michigan Senate from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, Gregory served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 2009 to 2011. He also served as a deputy in the Wayne County Sheriff's Department for 30 years, and was the Democratic nominee for Oakland County Sheriff in 2020.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
WRBU
WRBU (channel 46) is a television station licensed to East St. Louis, Illinois, United States, broadcasting the Ion Television network to the St. Louis, Missouri, area. Owned and operated by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company, the station has offices on Richardson Road in Arnold, Missouri, and its transmitter is located near Missouri Route 21 and East Four Ridge Road in House Springs.

House Springs, Missouri
House Springs is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. It is located just off Route 30, at the intersection with Routes MM and W near Byrnes Mill.

A post office has been in operation at House Springs since 1833. The community is named after Adam House, who settled there ca. 1795, and who was killed near a spring by Native Americans.

The Valentine Leight General Store and Moder Archeological District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Transversotrematidae
Transversotrematidae is a family of trematodes in the order Plagiorchiida. It is the only family in the superfamily Transversotrematoidea, which is the only superfamily in the suborder Transversotremata. It has been synonymised with Circuitiocoeliidae Wang, 1981, Squamacolidae Pan & Wang, 1985, and Transversotrematinae Witenberg, 1944.

Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as trematodes, and commonly as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is a mollusk, usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five vertebrate groups: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.
Sorrow's Army
"Sorrow's Army" is the first single from Graham Coxon's seventh studio album The Spinning Top. The single was to be released on May 18, 2009, a week after the album, by Transgressive Records. "Sorrow's Army" was Zane Lowe's Hottest Record on March 11, 2009. The music video, one of two —the other being In The Morning— filmed on the same weekend, was directed and filmed by Nick Craske.

Zane Lowe
Alexander Zane Reed Lowe (born 1973) is a New Zealand radio DJ, live DJ, record producer, and television presenter. After an early career in music creation, production and DJing, he moved to the UK in 1997. He came to prominence through presenting on XFM and MTV Europe (MTV Two), developing a DJ career by opening sets for bands and eventually landing a slot on prime-time radio on BBC Radio 1 from 2003 to 2015. In 2015, he was hired by Apple to be the Creative Director of their new world-wide music station, Apple Music 1.
Microsoft Visual Studio Express
Microsoft Visual Studio Express was a set of integrated development environments (IDEs) that Microsoft developed and released free of charge. They are function-limited version of the non-free Visual Studio and require mandatory registration. Express editions started with Visual Studio 2005.

In 2013, Microsoft began supplanting Visual Studio Express with the more feature-rich Community edition of Visual Studio, which is available free of charge with a different license that disallow some scenarios in enterprise settings. The last version of the Express edition is the desktop-only 2017.

Freeware
Freeware is software, often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines freeware unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the freeware it offers. For instance, modification, redistribution by third parties, and reverse engineering are permitted by some publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike with free and open-source software, which are also often distributed free of charge, the source code for freeware is typically not made available. Freeware may be intended to benefit its producer by, for example, encouraging sales of a more capable version, as in the freemium and shareware business models; or by collecting and selling user's personal data.
VAX Common Lisp
VAX LISP was an implementation of Common Lisp for VMS and ULTRIX on 32-bit VAXs. It was the first Common Lisp to be written for non-Lisp machines. It was initially boot-strapped from Carnegie Mellon University's Spice Lisp by recompiling its output but for VAX machine instruction and to use the large VAX stack.  Some of the original developers came from CMU.

Features included:

dumb-terminal IDE with Emacs-like editor (programming in Common Lisp)

DECwindows- (X11-)based workstation IDE (with editor, debugger, and inspector)

multi-threading (based on POSIX threads)

a compiler that generated intermediate files which could be "fast-loaded"

a patented mechanism for writing and reading the executable state of the entire virtual machine

During the development of the never-released V4.0 the product was sold off to Lucid Inc.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.