hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lowther baronets of Swillington (first creation, 1715)
The Lowther baronetcy, of Swillington in the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 6 January 1715 for William Lowther II, Member of Parliament for Pontefract; His father William Lowther I had also been Member of Parliament for Pontefract. His grandfather was Sir William Lowther, brother of Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Lowther and Sir Christopher Lowther, 1st Baronet of Whitehaven, and the uncle of Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Little Preston.

He was succeeded by his elder son, the 2nd Baronet, who was also Member of Parliament for Pontefract. On his death in 1763 the baronetcy became extinct. John Lowther, younger son of the first Baronet, was Governor of Surat.

William Lowther (1639–1705)
Sir William Lowther (18 August 1639 – 7 December 1705) was an English landowner and MP.

He was the eldest son of Sir William Lowther of Swillington, near Leeds and educated at Gray's Inn and Balliol College, Oxford. He succeeded his father in 1688 and was knighted the same year.

He was appointed High Sheriff of Yorkshire for 1681. He was commissioner for the Aire and Calder Navigation in 1699 and elected member of parliament for Pontefract in 1695, sitting until 1698.

He died at Little Preston Hall near Leeds in 1705 and was buried at Kippax. He had married Catherine, the daughter of Thomas Harrison of Middlesex, and had ten children, the eldest being Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet. He had a falling-out with his eldest son, William, over his marriage to the daughter of Lord Maynard, because of the reduction in the estates that would be entailed by her jointure. He left the majority of his estate to Christopher, his younger son.
Xibahe station
Xibahe station (Chinese: 西坝河站; pinyin: Xībàhé Zhàn) is an interchange station between Line 12 and Line 17 of Beijing Subway. The Line 17 station opened on December 30, 2023, and the Line 12 station opened on December 15, 2024.

Line 12 (Beijing Subway)
Line 12 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁12号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě shí'èr hàoxiàn) is rapid transit line in Beijing. The line is 27.5 km (17.1 mi) with 20 stations. It is fully underground and is colored brown on maps. The line between Sijiqing Qiao and Dongbabei opened on December 15, 2024.
GAZ Ermak
GAZ Ermak (Russian: Ермак) is a Russian truck, based on the GAZ Valdai. It was officially presented in October 2011 on "AgroTech-2011", created a test batch for testing. There are two prototypes: rear wheel drive with a 2.8 engine and all-wheel drive with a 3.8 engine. Serial production is scheduled for 2013.

Plans have been adjusted and the vehicle turned into a new family of medium-duty trucks GAZon-Next in different versions with cab from Gazelle NEXT, which should replace the models GAZ-3307, GAZ-3309 and GAZ-3308 Sadko. Issue will begin in September 2014. The family will be two versions with rear powered- for the city and the countryside, and one version with all-wheel drive.

Powertrain layout
The powertrain layout of a motorised vehicle such as a car is often defined by the location of the engine or motors and the drive wheels.

Layouts can roughly be divided into three categories: front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD). Many different combinations of engine location and driven wheels are found in practice, and the location of each is dependent on the application for which the vehicle will be used.
Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's field hockey tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics was the 8th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 10 August, and culminating with the medal finals on 22 August. All games were played at the hockey field constructed on the Olympic Green in Beijing, China.

The Netherlands won the gold medal for the second time after defeating the hosts China 2–0 in the final. Argentina won the bronze medal by defeating the defending champions Germany 3–1.

Olympic Green Hockey Field
The Olympic Green Hockey Field (simplified Chinese: 北京奥林匹克公园曲棍球场; traditional Chinese: 北京奧林匹克公園曲棍球場; pinyin: Běijīng Àolínpǐkè Gōngyuán Qūgùnqiú Chǎng) was one of nine temporary venues used for the 2008 Summer Olympics. It hosted the field hockey competitions during the Olympics and the football-5-a-side and 7-a-side events during the 2008 Summer Paralympics.

It covered an area of 11.87 hectares with 2 pitches and could seat 17,002 fans. It became the home of China men's and women's national field hockey teams.

It was torn down to make room for the Beijing National Speed Skating Oval.
Pilorus
Pilorus or Piloros (Ancient Greek: Πίλωρος) was a town of Sithonia in the Chalcidice in ancient Macedonia, upon the Singitic Gulf between Sane and Singus. It is cited by Herodotus as one of the cities, along with Assa, Singus, and Sarta, located near Mount Athos which Xerxes had ordered to open a channel through which his fleet passed. From these cities he recruited troops, in his expedition of the year 480 BCE against Greece. It belonged to the Delian League since it appears in the tribute registry of Athens in 434/3 BCE.

Its site is located near modern Pyrgadikia.

Sane (Acte)
Sane (Greek: Σάνη) was an ancient Greek city in the Acte headland (Mount Athos) of Chalcidice,  situated upon the low, undulating ground, forming the isthmus which connects the peninsula of Acte with Chalcidice. It was founded by Andrians in the 7th century BCE. The ruins of the ancient city were found in the 21st century. Sane in Acte (or Athos) is mentioned by Herodotus in reference to the march of Xerxes I in Thrace, during the Second Persian invasion of Greece.

Some writers associate Sane with the later Uranopolis; Sane is located near modern Trypiti.
Pandas (software)
Pandas (styled as pandas) is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series. It is free software released under the three-clause BSD license. The name is derived from the term "panel data", an econometrics term for data sets that include observations over multiple time periods for the same individuals, as well as a play on the phrase "Python data analysis".: 5  Wes McKinney started building what would become Pandas at AQR Capital while he was a researcher there from 2007 to 2010.

The development of Pandas introduced into Python many comparable features of working with DataFrames that were established in the R programming language. The library is built upon another library, NumPy.

Data structure
In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data.
Esther Warkov (activist)
Esther Warkov is an American activist and researcher who has authored books and articles on music and ethnomusicology. She and her husband Joel Levin co-founded a national nonprofit Stop Sexual Assault in Schools (SSAIS).

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
System generation
In computing system generation or sysgen is the process of creating a particular unique instance of an operating system by combining user-specified options and parameters with manufacturer-supplied general-purpose program code to produce an operating system tailored for a particular hardware and software environment. The term is primarily used when referencing older mainframe and minicomputer operating systems.

Some other programs have similar processes, although not usually called "sysgen."  For example, IBM's Customer Information Control System (CICS) was installed through a process called CICSGEN.

Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe, maxicomputer, or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later, the term mainframe was used to distinguish high-end commercial computers from less powerful machines.
HMS Pallas (1757)
HMS Pallas was one of the three 36-gun Venus-class fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy.  She was launched in 1757 and initially served in Sir Edward Hawke's fleet blockading the coast of France where she fought at the Raid on Cherbourg and in the Battle of Bishops Court. She later served for a number of years in the Mediterranean Sea before moving to serve off the coast of Africa between 1774 and 1776 where she protected the isolated British colonies. In 1778 she joined the Newfoundland Station and participated in the attack on Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Pallas returned to the English Channel after this and assisted in destroying a French invasion force intended for the Channel Islands in 1779 before briefly serving on the Jamaica Station.  In 1783 she was beached on São Jorge Island after she was found to be heavily leaking; she was burned there on 24 February.

Newfoundland Station
The Newfoundland Station was a formation or command of, first, the Kingdom of Great Britain and, then, of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. Its official headquarters varied between Portsmouth or Plymouth in England where a squadron of ships would set sail annually each year to protect convoys and the British fishing fleet operating in waters off the Newfoundland coast and would remain for period of approximately six months based at St. John's Harbour. In 1818 the station became a permanent posting headquartered at St John's. It existed from 1729 to 1825.
1989 Big East Conference baseball tournament
The 1989 Big East baseball tournament was held at Muzzy Field in Bristol, Connecticut. This was the fifth Big East baseball tournament, and was won by the Villanova Wildcats. As a result, Villanova earned the Big East Conference's automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. This was the Wildcat's first tournament championship.

Villanova Wildcats baseball
The Villanova Wildcats baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball program of Villanova University in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States. The program's first season was in 1866, and it has been a member of the NCAA Division I Big East Conference since the start of the 1980 season. Its home venue is Villanova Ballpark at Plymouth, located 13 minutes from Villanova’s campus at 810 Germantown Pike Plymouth Meeting, PA. Kevin Mulvey is the team's head coach starting in the 2017 season. The program has appeared in 2 NCAA Tournaments at the Division I level.
Nemegtosaurus
Nemegtosaurus (meaning "reptile from the Nemegt") was a sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Mongolia. Measuring an estimated 12–13 m (39–43 ft) long and weighing 20 t (44,000 lb), it was named after the Nemegt Basin in the Gobi Desert, where the remains — a single skull — were found. The skull resembles diplodocoids in being long and low, with pencil-shaped teeth. However, recent work has shown that Nemegtosaurus is in fact a titanosaur, closely related to animals such as Saltasaurus, Alamosaurus, and Rapetosaurus.

Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert is a large, cold desert and grassland region in southern Mongolia and North China. It is the sixth-largest desert in the world.

The name of the desert comes from the Mongolian word gobi, used to refer to all of the waterless regions in the Mongolian Plateau; in Chinese, gobi is used to refer to rocky, semi-deserts such as the Gobi itself rather than sandy deserts.
Karafuto Shrine
Karafuto Shrine (樺太神社, Karafuto jinja) was a Shinto shrine in Toyohara, Karafuto Prefecture in what is now Sakhalin Oblast, Russia.

The shrine was established in 1911, and its main annual festival was held on August 23. Kami enshrined here included Okunitama no kami (大国魂神), Ōkuninushi (as 大己貴神) and Sukunabikona (少彦名命).

It was formerly a national shrine of the first rank (国幣大社, kokuhei taisha) in the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines.

The Karafuto Shrine was abandoned in 1945 due to the Soviet takeover of the island, and it was demolished on November 17. The modern site of the shrine has a concrete building, with a commemorative plaque to mark Japanese-Russian relations. Next to the shrine's site is a Western-style boarding school.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, IPA: [ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk] ⓘ, lit. 'South Sakhalin city') is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan. Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. The city was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市, Hepburn: Toyohara-shi) during its period of Imperial Japanese control from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 181,587.
Jane Ward (volleyball)
Jane Lois Ward (April 30, 1928 – November 24, 2024) was an American volleyball player and coach. She played for the United States national team at the 1955 Pan American Games, the 1956 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship, the 1959 Pan American Games, the 1960 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship, the 1963 Pan American Games, the 1964 Summer Olympics, the 1967 Pan American Games, and the 1968 Summer Olympics.

1967 Pan American Games
The 1967 Pan American Games, officially known as the V Pan American Games (French: V Jeux panaméricains) and commonly known as Winnipeg 1967, were held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from July 23 to August 6, 1967.

Winnipeg was chosen as host of the Pan American Games on its second try. It first bid for the 1963 Games at the 1959 PASO meeting in Chicago. It lost to São Paulo, Brazil. The Winnipeg Pan American Society then turned its sights to 1967 and was named host nation at the PASO meeting at the São Paulo Games.
2014 Arctic Winter Games
The 2014 Arctic Winter Games, officially known with the slogan "Great Spirit - Northern Dreams", was a winter multi-sport event which took place in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States, between 15 and 22 March 2014. Some events took place in North Pole.

The Arctic Winter Games is the world's largest multisport and cultural event for young people of the Arctic. The Games is an international biennial celebration of circumpolar sports and culture held for a week, each time with a different nation or region as the host. AWG celebrates sports, social interaction and culture. The Games contributes to creating an awareness on cultural diversity, and develops athletes to participate in the competitions with the focus on fair play. The Games binds the Arctic countries together and includes traditional games such as Arctic sports and Dené games.

Around 1,400 athletes from nine teams participated in the games.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Judith R. Goodstein
Judith Ronnie Goodstein (née Koral, born 1939) is an American historian of science, historian of mathematics, archivist, and book author. She worked for many years at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where she is University Archivist Emeritus.

Archivist
An archivist is an information professional who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over, and provides access to records and archives determined to have long-term value. The records that are maintained by an archivist can consist of a variety of forms, including but not limited to letters, diaries, logs, other personal documents, government documents, sound or picture recordings, digital files, or other physical objects.
Palais Lascaris
The Palais Lascaris is a seventeenth-century aristocratic building in Nice, France. Currently, it is a musical instrument museum. Located in the old town of Nice, it houses a collection of over 500 instruments, which makes it France’s second most important collection after the Musée de la Musique de la Philharmonie in Paris.

Philharmonie de Paris
The Philharmonie de Paris (French pronunciation: [filaʁmoni də paʁi]; English: Paris Philharmonic Hall) is a complex of concert halls in Paris, France. The buildings also house exhibition spaces and rehearsal rooms. The main buildings are all located in the Parc de la Villette at the northeastern edge of Paris in the 19th arrondissement. At the core of this set of spaces is the symphonic concert hall of 2,400 seats designed by Jean Nouvel and opened in January 2015. Its construction had been postponed for about twenty years to complete the current musical institution la Cité de la Musique designed by Christian de Portzamparc and opened in 1995.

Mainly dedicated to symphonic concerts, the Philharmonie de Paris also presents other forms of music such as jazz and world music.
Max Kade
Dr. h.c. Max Kade (13 October 1882, Steinbach near Schwäbisch Hall, Württemberg, Germany – 15 July 1967, Davos, Switzerland) was an emigrant from Germany to New York City who became successful in the pharmaceutical industry. Kade was committed to advancing German-American relations. He established a foundation in New York to promote scientific and technical progress and to further the peaceful coexistence of nations.

Württemberg
Württemberg (/ˈwɜːrtəmbɜːrɡ, ˈvɜːrt-/ WURT-əm-burg, VURT-; German: [ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart.

Together with Baden and Hohenzollern, two other historical territories, Württemberg now forms the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg. Württemberg was formerly also spelled Würtemberg and Wirtemberg.
Amaranthus pumilus
Amaranthus pumilus, the seaside amaranth or seabeach amaranth, is a species of amaranth.  This annual plant is now a threatened species, although it was formerly scattered along the eastern coast of the United States, its native range.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.
2025 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix – Singles
Jeļena Ostapenko defeated Aryna Sabalenka in straight sets to win the title at the 2025 Stuttgart Open. It was her ninth WTA Tour singles title, and her first singles final and title on clay since the 2017 French Open. She became the first unseeded champion at the tournament since Laura Siegemund in 2017. Sabalenka has been the runner-up of four out of the last five editions of the tournament.

En route to the title, Ostapenko defeated the top two ranked players in the world. She ran her head-to-head record against Iga Świątek to six in a row with no loss to the Pole, having defeated her on every surface during six years while her win against Sabalenka was the first one in four meetings in the timespan of six years too.

Elena Rybakina was the reigning champion, but chose not to participate this year.

2017 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix – Singles
Angelique Kerber was the two-time defending champion, but she lost in the second round to Kristina Mladenovic.

Laura Siegemund won the title, defeating Mladenovic in the final, 6–1, 2–6, 7–6(7–5).

As a result of Kerber's loss, Serena Williams regained the world No. 1 ranking, despite being on pregnancy leave. This tournament also marked the return of Maria Sharapova to the WTA Tour, after serving a 15-month suspension for doping offences.
Gizella Tary
Gizella Tary (19 November 1884 – 8 February 1960) was a Hungarian fencer. She competed in the women's individual foil at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics. She was the first woman to represent Hungary at the Olympics.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
1990 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza – Doubles
Sabrina Goleš and Mercedes Paz were the defending champions, but both players chose to compete at Hamburg during the same week, with different partners.

Elena Brioukhovets and Eugenia Maniokova won the title by defeating Silvia Farina and Rita Grande 7–6(7–4), 6–1 in the final.

Elena Brioukhovets
Elena Brioukhovets (Ukrainian: Олена Брюховець; born 8 June 1971) is a Ukrainian former professional tennis player and an Honored Master of Sports.

Brioukhovets started her own tennis school in 2007. The school was previously based in Odesa, Ukraine, but is currently located in Ryazan, Russia.