hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mostogradnja
Mostogradnja (Građevinsko preduzeće Mostogradnja a.d. Beograd) is a Serbian bridge building company, with headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia. Its projects have included bridges and interchanges, as well as industrial and military structures in Serbia, former Yugoslavia and abroad. As of August 2021, the company is in bankruptcy procedure.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
Jimmy Dale (musician)
Jimmy Dale (23 October 1935 – 20 May 2017) was a British-born Canadian arranger, composer, conductor, organist, and pianist. He was active as a music director for both Canadian and United States television during the 1970s and 1980s. He has also composed several film and television scores and written a number of TV theme songs and jingles. He has also worked as an arranger and pianist for both performances and recordings with several notable artists.

Jingle
A jingle is a short song or tune used in advertising and for other commercial uses. Jingles are a form of sound branding. A jingle contains one or more hooks and meanings that explicitly promote the product or service being advertised, usually through the use of one or more advertising slogans.   Ad buyers use jingles in radio and television commercials; they can also be used in non-advertising contexts to establish or maintain a brand image.  Many jingles are also created using snippets of popular songs, in which lyrics are modified to appropriately advertise the product or service.
Lynne Hobbs
Lynne Hobbs (also Slater) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Elaine Lordan. The character appears between 18 September 2000 and 2 July 2004. Lynne is a fierce judge of right and wrong, although she is not always able to practise what she preaches. She has a turbulent relationship with her husband Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves), but despite her complaints about him, it ends up being Lynne's adultery that puts their relationship in jeopardy long before Garry strays.

She appeared in a flashback in 2018 played by Isabelle Jones and in video footage in 2025, portrayed by Libby Brake.

Michelle Ryan
Michelle Claire Ryan (born 22 April 1984) is an English actress, best known for portraying the role of Zoe Slater in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (2000–2005, 2025–present). In 2007, she starred in the American television series Bionic Woman. She also appeared as the evil sorceress Nimueh in the 2008 BBC fantasy series Merlin and as Lady Christina de Souza in the 2009 Doctor Who episode "Planet of the Dead", a role she later reprised in various audio dramas between 2017 and 2023, including her own spin-off in 2017 and 2021.
Joëlle Ursull
Joëlle Ursull (born 9 November 1960) is a French singer.

She performed "White and Black Blues", composed by Georges Augier de Moussac with lyrics by Serge Gainsbourg, in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 of 5 May 1990. She scored 132 points and was joint second with Ireland, behind "Insieme: 1992" by Toto Cutugno. The single was a hit in France, where it peaked at #2 and remained charted for 26 weeks.

Previously, Ursull was a member of the trio Zouk Machine. Alone, she released the albums Miyel and Black French.

Insieme: 1992
"Insieme: 1992" (Italian pronunciation: [inˈsjɛːme ˌmilleˌnɔveˈtʃɛnto noˌvantaˈduːe]; "Together: 1992") is a song written and recorded by Toto Cutugno. It represented Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990, held in Zagreb, resulting in the country's second victory in the contest.
1993 NBA All-Star Game
The 1993 NBA All-Star Game  took place on February 21, 1993, and was an exhibition game played between the Eastern Conference and the Western Conference at the Delta Center in Salt Lake City, home of the Utah Jazz. This was the 43rd edition National Basketball Association all-star game played during the 1992-1993 season. The Western Conference went on to beat the East 135 to 132 in overtime. The slam dunk competition on All-Star Saturday night was won by Harold Miner from the Miami Heat, and the three-point shootout was won by Mark Price from the Cleveland Cavaliers.  The regular season then continued on Tuesday, February 23, 1993.

This is the first NBA All-Star Game to be aired in primetime on the East Coast, and the first in which Law & Order served as the lead-out program for the NBA All-Star Game, thus beginning the tradition of a series from the Law & Order franchise airing after the game.

Harold Miner
Harold David Miner (born May 5, 1971) is an American former professional basketball player and two-time champion of the National Basketball Association (NBA) Slam Dunk Contest. He attended college at the University of Southern California (USC) and was a star player on that school's men's basketball team. He left school in 1992 to pursue his professional career, and played in the NBA for the Miami Heat and Cleveland Cavaliers. Despite comparisons to Michael Jordan, Miner's NBA career lasted only four years.
Tarsophlebiidae
The Tarsophlebiidae is an extinct family of medium-sized fossil odonates from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous period of Eurasia. They are either the most basal member of the damsel-dragonfly grade ("anisozygopteres") within the stem group of Anisoptera, or the sister group of all Recent odonates. They are characterized by the basally open discoidal cell in both pairs of wings, very long legs, paddle-shaped male cerci, and a hypertrophied ovipositor in females.

Cercus
Cerci (sg.: cercus) are paired appendages usually on the rear-most segments of many arthropods, including insects and symphylans. Many forms of cerci serve as sensory organs, but some serve as pinching weapons or as organs of copulation. In many insects, they simply may be functionless vestigial structures.

In basal arthropods, such as silverfish, the cerci originate from the eleventh abdominal segment. As segment eleven is reduced or absent in the majority of arthropods, in such cases, the cerci emerge from the tenth abdominal segment. It is not clear that other structures so named are homologous. In the Symphyla they are associated with spinnerets.
Maar Hattat
Maar Hattat (Arabic: معر حطاط)  is a Syrian village located in Hish Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Maar Hattat had a population of 798 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Camelia Potec
Camelia Potec (Romanian pronunciation: [kaˈmeli.a ˈpotek]; born 19 February 1982, in Brăila) is a female Romanian swimmer, who won the gold medal in the women's 200 m freestyle at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

She won the Mare Nostrum in 2004.

Brăila
Brăila (/brəˈiːlə/, also US: /-lɑː/, Romanian: [brəˈila] ⓘ) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County. The Sud-Est Regional Development Agency is headquartered in the city.

According to the 2021 Romanian census, Brăila had a population of 154,686 inhabitants, making it the 11th most populous city in Romania and the 9th largest on the Danube. The city's current mayor is Viorel Marian Dragomir of the PSD.
Günther Rühle
Günther Rühle (3 June 1924 – 10 December 2021) was a German theatre critic, book author and theatre manager. He directed the feuilleton (editorial/entertainment) sections of major newspapers and was regarded as an influential theatre critic, beginning in the 1960s. He managed the Schauspiel Frankfurt from 1985 to 1990. Rühle was a member of the PEN-Zentrum Deutschland. From 1993 to 1999, he was president of the Deutsche Akademie der Darstellenden Künste (German Academy of the Performing Arts) in Frankfurt. He published books about the history of theatre in Germany, and its criticism.

Deutsche Akademie der Darstellenden Künste
The Deutsche Akademie der Darstellenden Künste (German Academy of the Performing Arts) is an academy founded in Hamburg in 1956, representing members from theatre, film, television and radio. Their activities and events are supported by foundations, the public sector, broadcasters and sponsors. The location moved to Frankfurt in 1962, and to Bensheim in 2004. The academy awards prizes including the Gertrud-Eysoldt-Ring and the Förderpreis für Regie.
Cora pseudobovei
Cora pseudobovei is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Karina Wilk, Manuela Dal Forno, and Robert Lücking  The specific epithet pseudobovei refers to its resemblance to Cora bovei. The lichen is only known from the type locality, located at an altitude of 4,677 m (15,344 ft) in Madidi National Park (Franz Tamayo Province, La Paz). Here, in this puna grassland ecoregion, it grows on the ground amongst mosses.

Puna grassland
The puna grassland ecoregion, part of the Andean montane grasslands and shrublands biome, is found in the central Andes Mountains of South America. It is considered one of the eight Natural Regions in Peru, but extends south, across  Chile, Bolivia, and western northwest Argentina. The term puna encompasses diverse ecosystems of the high Central Andes above 3200–3400 m.
Circuit of culture
The circuit of culture is a theory or framework used in the area of cultural studies.

The theory was devised in 1997 by a group of theorists when studying the Walkman cassette player. The theory suggests that in studying a cultural text or artifact you must look at five aspects: its representation, identity, production, consumption and regulation. Du Gay et al. suggest, that "taken together, (these 5 points) complete a sort of circuit...through which any analysis of a cultural text...must pass if it is to be adequately studied."

Gerard Goggin openly uses this framework in his book Cell Phone Culture: Mobile technology in everyday life in order to fully understand the cell phone as a cultural artifact. His book is split into four parts: production, consumption, regulation, and representation and identity (through looking at mobile convergences).

Gerard Goggin
Professor Gerard Goggin FAHA is an Australian media and communications researcher at the University of Sydney. He has produced award-winning research in disability and media policy alongside other contemporary works on digital technology and cultures.

Goggin has been described as a “central scholar in the mobile communication research community”. He is researching internet histories in Australia and the Asia-Pacific and the implications of audio-visual media for government policy.
Visa requirements for Paraguayan citizens
Visa requirements for Paraguayan citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed by the authorities of foreign states on citizens of Paraguay.

As of April 2025, Paraguayan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 145 countries and territories, ranking the Paraguayan passport 31st of the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

In order to travel to another country, Paraguayan citizens require a passport, except for travel to full and associated member states of Mercosur (except for Guyana and Suriname) where a civil identity card (Cédula de Identidad Civil) suffices.

Paraguayan nationality law
Paraguayan nationality law is based on the principle of Jus soli. The nationality law is based on the Chapter 3 of the Paraguayan Constitution of 1992. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal membership in a nation, differ from the relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship.
Callahan v. Carey
Callahan v. Carey was a landmark case in the New York County Supreme Court that established the duty of New York State to provide shelter for homeless men. It was brought in 1979 as a class action suit, the first such suit by advocates for the homeless in the United States, and settled with the negotiation in 1981 of a consent decree governing the provision of homeless shelters by New York City.

Consent decree
A consent decree is an agreement or settlement that resolves a dispute between two parties without admission of guilt (in a criminal case) or liability (in a civil case). Most often it is such a type of settlement in the United States. The plaintiff and the defendant ask the court to enter into their agreement, and the court maintains supervision over the implementation of the decree in monetary exchanges or restructured interactions between parties. It is similar to and sometimes referred to as an antitrust decree, stipulated judgment, or consent judgment. Consent decrees are frequently used by federal courts to ensure that businesses and industries adhere to regulatory laws in areas such as antitrust law, employment discrimination, and environmental regulation.
Basawon Singh
Basawon Singh or Basawan Singh, also known as Basawon Sinha (23 March 1909 – 7 April 1989), was an Indian independence activist and a campaigner for the rights of the underprivileged, and industrial and agricultural workers.

He spent a total of 18 and a half years in prisons in British India as a consequence of his support for independence and he was committed to democratic socialism.

Along with Yogendra Shukla, he was a founder member of the Congress Socialist Party, a socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress, in Bihar. Among his revolutionary colleagues and friends he was called Lambad because of being very tall.

Government of Bihar
Bihar Government is the state government of the Indian state of Bihar and its nine divisions which consist of districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Bihar, a judiciary and legislative branches.

Like other states in India, the head of state of Bihar is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government. The head of state is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Patna is the capital of Bihar hence, it serves as the headquarter for almost all the departments.

The Patna High Court, located in Patna, has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is bicameral. The Legislative houses are the Bihar Vidhan Sabha (Bihar Legislative Assembly) and Bihar Vidhan Parishad (Bihar Legislative Council). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.
Empyreuma
Empyreuma  is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae, containing three closely related species. The name is derived from the Greek word ἐμπύρευμα, meaning "a live coal covered with ashes". Nerium oleander is currently the only known host plant for this genus, but Caribbean species from a New World Apocynaceae genus are the most likely original hosts, potentially Thevetia, Plumeria, Mandevilla, or Tabernaemontana.

Plumeria
Plumeria (/pluːˈmɛriə/), also known as frangipani, is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Rauvolfioideae, of the family Apocynaceae. Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. The species are native to the Neotropical realm (in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, and as far south as Brazil and as far north as Florida in the United States), but are often grown as cosmopolitan ornamentals in tropical regions, especially in Hawaii, as well as hot desert climates in the Arabian Peninsula with proper irrigation.
Three Weeks (1924 film)
Three Weeks is a 1924 American drama film directed by Alan Crosland. The movie is based on the 1907 novel of the same name by Elinor Glyn, and the title refers to the length of an affair by the Queen of Sardalia. Formerly a lost film, the FIAF database indicates a print is preserved by Russia's Gosfilmofond. That print formed the basis of a restoration by La Cineteca del Friuli.

The novel had previously been made into the American film in 1914, directed by Perry N. Vekroff and starring Madlaine Traverse and George C. Pearce, and in a 1917 Hungarian film titled Három hét that was directed by Márton Garas. The 1924 production was the first to be authorized and supervised by Glyn, which was noted in advertising for the film.

Perry N. Vekroff
Perry N. Vekroff (June 3, 1881 – January 3, 1937) was an American film director, screenwriter and actor of the silent era. He directed 19 films between 1914 and 1922, including two film serials for the Universal Film Manufacturing Company and one for Pathé. He was born in Shumen, Bulgaria and died in Hollywood, California.
The New Times (Rwanda)
The New Times is a national English-language newspaper in Rwanda. It was established in 1995 shortly after the genocide against the Tutsi. A Kinyarwanda-language weekly called Izuba Rirashe was previously published.

The New Times is published in Kigali from Monday to Saturday, with its sister paper the Sunday Times, appearing on Sundays. The New Times Online was launched in 2006. The New Times often conveys optimistic stories about events in Rwanda.

In May 2009, Human Rights Watch (HRW) described The New Times as a state-owned newspaper in a rebuttal to an editorial article that accused HRW of "sanitizing people who were attempting to negate the 1994 genocide in Rwanda". The New Times did not publish the HRW rebuttal. In 2010, president Paul Kagame said that The New Times has been too servile to him and his party, and asked the Aga Khan to launch an alternative.

Kinyarwanda
Kinyarwanda, officially known as Ikinyarwanda, is a Bantu language and the national language of Rwanda. It is a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language that is also spoken in Uganda, where the dialect is known as Ikinyakore, Rufumbira, or Urufumbira. Kinyarwanda is universal among the native population of Rwanda and is mutually intelligible with Kirundi, the national language of neighbouring Burundi.

In 2010, the Rwanda Academy of Language and Culture (RALC) was established to help promote and sustain Kinyarwanda. The organization attempted an orthographic reform in 2014, but it was met with pushback due to their perceived top-down and political nature, among other reasons.
Deinstitutionalization in the United States
The United States has experienced two waves of deinstitutionalization, the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability.

The first wave began in the 1950s and targeted people with mental illness. The second wave began roughly 15 years later and focused on individuals who had been diagnosed with a developmental disability. Deinstitutionalization continues today, though the movements are growing smaller as fewer people are sent to institutions.

Numerous social forces led to a move for deinstitutionalization; researchers generally give credit to six main factors: criticisms of public mental hospitals, incorporation of mind-altering drugs in treatment, support from President Kennedy for federal policy changes, shifts to community-based care, changes in public perception, and individual states' desires to reduce costs from mental hospitals.

Rosemary Kennedy
Rose Marie "Rosemary" Kennedy (September 13, 1918 – January 7, 2005) was the eldest daughter born to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. She was a sister of President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. and Ted Kennedy.

Born on September 13, 1918, as a child, she reportedly exhibited developmental delays. In her young adult years, Kennedy was "becoming increasingly irritable and difficult." In response to these issues, her father arranged a lobotomy on her in 1941, when she was 23 years of age. The procedure left her permanently incapacitated and rendered her unable to speak intelligibly.

She spent most of the rest of her life being cared for at St. Coletta, an institution in Jefferson, Wisconsin. The truth about her situation and whereabouts was kept secret for decades. While she was initially isolated from her siblings and extended family following her lobotomy, she did go on to visit them during her later life.
M. Jagan Moorthy
M . Jagan Moorthy (born 10 May 1966) is an Indian politician and social activist of Tamil Nadu. He is a Member of the Legislative Assembly from K. V. Kuppam of Tamil Nadu. He is the current President of the Puratchi Bharatham party (PBK). Moorthy became the president of the PBK on 7 September 2002, with the unanimous support of many senior party executives.

In the 2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, he made alliance with DMK front and contested Arakkonam constituency. He supported AIADMK in the 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election. He continued his alliance with AIADMK in 2021 Tamilnadu Elections and he contested K. V. Kuppam constituency of Tamil Nadu and won in 2021 elections.

2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The Fifteenth Legislative Assembly Election was held on 16 May 2016 for the 232 seats (except Thanjavur and Aravakurichi for which held on 26 October 2016) of the Legislative Assembly in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The AIADMK under J. Jayalalithaa won the elections and became the first ruling party to be re-elected in Tamil Nadu since 1984, though with a simple majority. The DMK won half of the seats it contested but its allies performed poorly; notably, the Indian National Congress won 16% of the seats they contested, and the alliance lost due to its poor performance. The votes were counted on 19 May 2016. In the previous election in 2011, AIADMK had, under the leadership of Jayalalithaa, won a thumping majority and formed the government, while DMDK chief Vijayakanth served as the Leader of Opposition until January 2016. This was the last election that J. Jayalalithaa and M. Karunanidhi would contest, as they died later in 2016 and 2018, respectively.
Rui Neves (footballer, born 1965)
Rui dos Santos Cordeiro Neves (born 10 March 1965) is a Portuguese former footballer who played in the Primeira Liga for Porto, Espinho, União Madeira and Salgueiros, in the Segunda Divisão de Honra for Aves, Felgueiras and Famalicão, in the regional divisions for a large number of clubs, and in the English Football League Third Division (fourth tier) for Darlington. He made four appearances for Portugal's under-21 team in the 1987 Toulon Tournament.

Maurice Revello Tournament
The Maurice Revello Tournament (officially French: the Festival International "Espoirs" – Tournoi Maurice Revello), previously known as the Toulon Tournament, is a football tournament, which traditionally features invited national teams composed of youth players from U-17 to U-23 level. Although the first tournament in 1967 featured club teams, it has been limited to national teams since 1975 (except in 1986 and 1989 when INF Vichy was invited). The tournament is held around Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, with the final usually being held in Toulon. The tournament was renamed in honour of Maurice Revello, who started the tournament in 1967 and died in 2016.