hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adutha Veettu Penn
Adutha Veettu Penn (transl. The Girl Next Door) is a 1960 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by Vedantam Raghavayya and written by Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass. The film stars Anjali Devi (who co-produced the film with her husband, composer P. Adinarayana Rao), T. R. Ramachandran and K. A. Thangavelu. It is a remake of the Bengali film Pasher Bari (1952), itself based on the namesake short story by Arun Chowdhury. In Adutha Veettu Penn, a simple man wants to impress a woman he loves by singing, but since he cannot, his friend, a singer, sings in secret while the simple man merely lip syncs, and wins the woman's love. The film was released on 11 February 1960, and became a success.

K. A. Thangavelu
Karaikal Arunachalam Thangavelu (15 January 1917 – 28 September 1994) popularly known as "Danaal Thangavelu", was an Indian actor and comedian popular in the 1950s to 1970s. Not known for physical, acrobatic comedy like his contemporaries J. P. Chandrababu and Nagesh, Thangavelu's humour is recognised for his impeccable timing in verbal agility and the characteristic twang of his delivery. He exclusively acted in Tamil films.
International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors
The International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN) is a biennial academic conference in the field of group III nitride research. The IWN and the International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) are held in alternating years and cover similar subject areas. IWN is pioneered by Isamu Akasaki (Nagoya University, Meijo University) and Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University), who are Nobel laureates in physics (2014)

- IWN2018 was held 11–16 November 2018 in Kanazawa, Japan, and chaired by Hiroshi Fujioka (the University of Tokyo, Japan)

- IWN2016 was held 2–7 October 2016 in Orlando, United States, and jointly chaired by Alan Doolittle (Georgia Institute of Technology and Tomás Palacios (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)

- IWN2012 was held 14–19 October 2012 in Sapporo, Japan and chaired by Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University, Japan).

Tomás Palacios (engineer)
Tomás A. Palacios Gutiérrez (born 1978) is a Spanish–American Electrical & Microelectronics Engineer known for his work in advanced device and material design. He holds the chair Clarence J. LeBel Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and director of Microsystems Technology Laboratories (MTL). Palacios is known for inventing a super-thin 'sheet' that can charge mobile phones without electricity.
GCR Class 9N
The Great Central Railway Class 9N, classified A5 by the LNER, was a class of 4-6-2 tank locomotives designed by John G. Robinson for suburban passenger services.  They were fitted with superheaters, piston valves and Stephenson valve gear.

Piston valve (steam engine)
Piston valves are one form of valve used to control the flow of steam within a steam engine or locomotive.  They control the admission of steam into the cylinders and its subsequent exhausting, enabling a locomotive to move under its own power.  The valve consists of two piston heads on a common spindle moving inside a steam chest, which is essentially a mini-cylinder located either above or below the main cylinders of the locomotive.
Bristol (UK Parliament constituency)
Bristol was a two-member constituency, used to elect members to the House of Commons in the Parliaments of England (to 1707), Great Britain (1707–1800), and the United Kingdom (from 1801). The constituency existed until Bristol was divided into single member constituencies in 1885.

The History of Parliament
The History of Parliament is a project to write a complete history of the United Kingdom Parliament and its predecessors, the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of England. The history will principally consist of a prosopography, in which the history of an institution is told through the individual biographies of its members. After various amateur efforts, the project was formally launched in 1940, and since 1951 has been funded by the Treasury. As of 2019, the volumes covering the House of Commons for the periods 1386–1421, 1509–1629, and 1660–1832 have been completed and published (in 41 separate volumes containing over 20 million words); and the first five volumes covering the House of Lords from 1660 to 1715 have been published, with further work on the Commons and the Lords ongoing. In 2011 the completed sections were republished on the internet.
Stephen and Charles Smith House
Stephen and Charles Smith House is a historic home located at Roslyn Harbor in Nassau County, New York.  It was built about 1860 and is a 2+1⁄2-story timber frame dwelling with a 2+1⁄2-story ell in a vernacular Italianate style.  It features a full-width porch on the front elevation.  From 1892 to 1914, it was the property of Nora Godwin, granddaughter of William Cullen Bryant.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

William Cullen Bryant
William Cullen Bryant (November 3, 1794 – June 12, 1878) was an American romantic poet, journalist, and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post. Born in Massachusetts, he started his career as a lawyer but showed an interest in poetry early in his life.

In 1825, Bryant relocated to New York City, where he became an  editor of two major newspapers. He also emerged as one of the most significant poets in early literary America and has been grouped among the fireside poets for his accessible and popular poetry.
Jałowęsy
Jałowęsy [jawɔˈvɛ̃sɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Opatów and 54 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. From 1975 to 1998, the town was part of the Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.
Rost invariant
In mathematics, the Rost invariant is a cohomological invariant of an absolutely simple simply connected algebraic group G over a field k, which associates an element of the Galois cohomology group H3(k, Q/Z(2)) to a principal homogeneous space for G. Here the coefficient group Q/Z(2) is the tensor product of the group of roots of unity of an algebraic closure of k with itself. Markus Rost first introduced the invariant for groups of type F4 and later extended it to more general groups in unpublished work that was summarized by Serre in 1995.

The Rost invariant is a generalization of the Arason invariant.

Galois cohomology
In mathematics, Galois cohomology is the study of the group cohomology of Galois modules, that is, the application of homological algebra to modules for Galois groups. A Galois group G associated with a field extension L/K acts in a natural way on some abelian groups, for example those constructed directly from L, but also through other Galois representations that may be derived by more abstract means. Galois cohomology accounts for the way in which taking Galois-invariant elements fails to be an exact functor.
Przywóz
Przywóz [ˈpʂɨvus] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzchlas, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Wierzchlas, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Wieluń, and 88 km (55 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Konstantynów, Pajęczno County
Konstantynów [kɔnstanˈtɨnuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Nowa Brzeźnica, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Pajęczno, and 82 km (51 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Pajęczno
Pajęczno [paˈjɛnt͡ʂnɔ] is a town in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Pajęczno County. It lies approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of Częstochowa. Its population is 6,651 (2020). It is located in the Sieradz Land.
John H. Barwis
John H. Barwis is an American philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 2020. He is also the 2020 recipient of the Lichtenstein Medal.

In 2018, he received the Luff Award for Distinguished Philatelic Research.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Lord Methven
Lord Methven was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created on 17 July 1528 by King James V of Scotland for his stepfather Henry Stewart. The title became extinct on the death of the grantee's grandson in the 1580s. The title takes its name from Methven in Perthshire.

Methven, Perth and Kinross
Methven (/ˈmɛvɪn/; Scottish Gaelic: Meadhainnigh) is a large village in the Scottish region of Perth and Kinross, on the A85 road due west of the city of Perth. It is near the village of Almondbank. The village has its own primary school, church, bowling club, community halls, playing field with sports facilities and skate-park, and a variety of businesses.

There is a local primary school in the village, and a large co-educational boarding and day independent school nearby, called Glenalmond College, described by The Good Schools Guide as providing an "outstanding" quality of education.
YPP
YPP is an initialism that may stand for:

Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates

Permai Education Foundation (Indonesian: Yayasan Pendidikan Permai)

Youth Parliament Program, in India

Yes People's Party, in Ghana

Young People's Party (Sierra Leone)

Young Progressives Party, Nigeria

YouTube Partner Program

Yes People's Party
The Yes People's Party is a political party in Ghana. It was founded in 2012. Its leader is Annin – Kofi Addo. Its offices are based at Dansoman, a suburb of Accra. It was registered in September 2012 by the Electoral Commission of Ghana. Though it fielded a candidate, one Courage Kwame Mensah Azumah in 2012 for the Ketu South Constituency, it could not win the parliamentary seat. It however was unable to field candidates during the Ghanaian general election, 2016.

The party's colours are gold, metallic black and red. Its emblem includes a house, maize, yam and fish.
Purani Mosque
The Purani Mosque, previously known as the Daudpur Jama Masjid, is a mosque located in the village of Dewaitha, in Dildarnagar Kamsar, in the Ghazipur district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Built by Sarkar Dewan Raja Daud Khan Zamindar in 1606 CE, the mosque is one of the oldest historic monuments in Ghazipur.

Dewaitha
Dewaitha (also written as Diwaitha, Divaitha or Deoitha)  is a village of Dildarnagar Kamsar,in Zamania tehsil of Ghazipur, India, located on the banks of the Karmanasa River and it's tributary Eknaiya, The village had a population of 7,104 as of the 2011 Census of India. The place is inhabited by Kamsar Pathans. .
Schnitzelmitkartoffelsalat
Schnitzelmitkartoffelsalat (literally "Schnitzelwithpotatosalad", schnitzel with potato salad) is a German phrase that is used to test the operations of search engines and the methods of search engine optimization. It was first mentioned on 15 November 2002 by Steffi Abel in the newsgroup de.comm.infosystems.www.authoring.misc, in a proposal to use it for what became the first recorded SEO contest. The phrase was chosen for being arbitrary and having not appeared in the Google index up to that point.

The goal was to examine the way Google read different types of HTML construction. Eventually, it became used in an unofficial contest to see which sites could receive the higher rankings. It has also become a synonym for expressions that cannot yet be found in search engine indexes.

A new expression in an April 2005 contest is Hommingberger Gepardenforelle.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
MAI-223
The MAI-223 Kityonok (Russian: МАИ-223 «Китенок», English: MAI-223 Whale Calf) is a single-engine STOL ultralight aircraft developed by the Moscow Aviation Institute's special design bureau (OSKBEC) from 2002.  The first production aircraft was delivered in 2008.  A crop spraying version is under development. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or complete and ready-to-fly.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
Rudolph J. Daley
Rudolph J. Daley (September 10, 1918 – September 26, 1990) was a Vermont attorney, politician, and judge.  He is most notable for serving as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1972 to 1980.

Bennington Banner
The Bennington Banner is a daily newspaper published in Bennington, Vermont. The paper covers local, national, and world news. It is distributed throughout Southwestern Vermont and eastern New York (Rensselaer and Washington Counties). The paper is owned by Vermont News and Media LLC and is published Monday through Friday, plus a weekend edition.
Domitius Modestus
Domitius Modestus (Greek: Δομίτιος Μοδέστος; floruit 358–377) was a politician of the Roman Empire.  He held appointments under the emperors Constantius II, Julian, and Valens, and was consul in 372.  Previously a pagan, he converted to Arianism under Valens, and was sent by Valens to mediate between the Arian and Nicene factions with Basil of Caesarea.

Consul
Consul (abbrev. cos.; Latin plural consules) was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states through antiquity and the Middle Ages, in particular in the Republics of Genoa and Pisa, then revived in modern states, notably in the First French Republic. The related adjective is consular, from the Latin consularis.

This usage contrasts with modern terminology, where a consul is a type of diplomat.
Landsverk L-100
Landsverk L-100 was a Swedish prototype tank in development during World War II. It had a crew of two, and its armament consisted of a 20 mm gun or one 6.5 mm machine gun. Top speed was around 55 km/h, and the vehicle weighed almost 5 tons. The Landsverk L-100 was never adopted by the Swedish Army.

Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Swedish: Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years.
Rhamnus (Crete)
Rhamnus or Rhamnous (Ancient Greek: Ῥαμνοῦς) was a harbour on the west coast of ancient Crete near the promontory Chersonesus. Pliny the Elder, on the contrary, places it in the interior of the island.

The site of Rhamnus is located at Ormos Stomiou.

History of Crete
The history of Crete goes back to the 7th millennium BC, preceding the ancient Minoan civilization by more than four millennia. The Minoan civilization was the first civilization in Europe.

During the Iron Age, Crete developed an Ancient Greece-influenced organization of city-states, then successively became part of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Ottoman Empire, an autonomous state, and the modern state of Greece.
Screen Awards
The Screen Awards was an annual awards ceremony held in India, honouring professional excellence in Bollywood. The nomination and award selection was done by a panel of distinguished professionals from the industry. The awards were introduced by Screen magazine of the Indian Express Group in 1995. The magazine was acquired by Star India in 2015 and subsequently closed down. Star India continues to sponsor the event under the Star Screen Awards title.

The name of each year's ceremony was determined by the presenting network: the first "Star Screen Awards" were telecast on Star Plus from 2000 until 2011, after which the "Colors Screen Awards" were broadcast on Colors and the "Life OK Screen Awards" on Life OK, each for a period of two years. As of 2019, Star continues to hold the television distribution rights to the event.

Disney Star
Disney Star, now JioStar India Private Limited (and formerly Star India), is an Indian media conglomerate joint venture between Disney India, Reliance Industries and the latter's subsidiary Viacom18. On 14 November 2024, Viacom18 merged its assets with Disney India's subsidiary Disney Star to form JioStar. The deal, valued at $8.5 billion, involved the investment of ₹11,000 crore (US$1.3 billion) by Reliance Industries, which left Reliance Industries with a total stake of 63.16%, 16.34% directly and 46.82 percent through Viacom18, with Disney India controlling the remaining 36.84%. It is the largest television and entertainment network in India, operating more than 100 TV channels and a major streaming platform called JioHotstar.
Your Blues
Your Blues is the sixth studio album by Destroyer, released on March 8, 2004 by Merge Records, Trifekta Records, Scratch Records, Talitres Records, and Acuarela Discos.

It is a notable departure from the full-band format of Destroyer's previous few albums, largely featuring MIDI-simulated orchestration as its backing music.

The album was reissued in 2014 by Merge Records.

Talitres
Talitres, formerly known as Talitres Records, is a French independent record label based in Bordeaux, founded in 2000  and specializing in indie pop and folk music. It began as a way to release music from indie rock bands that were not distributed in France and Europe, and has expanded to include various artists from all around the world. The label has released notable records by The National, Motorama, Destroyer, François & the Atlas Mountains, Emily Jane White, and many others.

Talitres' first release was Elk City's debut album in March 2001 and has gone on to release between 5 and 8 albums each year since then.
1974 Pacific Southwest Open
The 1974 Pacific Southwest Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The event was categorized as an AA Group tournament and was part of the 1974 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 48th edition of the tournament and ran from September 16 through September 22, 1974. First-seeded and defending champion Jimmy Connors won the singles title after having survived two matchpoints in his first round match against Mal Anderson. With his victory Connors earned $16,000 first prize money as well as 80 Grand Prix ranking points.

Mal Anderson
Malcolm James Anderson MBE (born 3 March 1935) is an Australian former tennis player who was active from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s. He won the singles title at the 1957 U.S. National Championships and achieved his highest amateur ranking of No. 2 in 1957. He became a professional after the 1958 season and won the Wembley World Professional Tennis Championships in the 1959 season. In the Open Era, he was runner-up at the 1972 Australian Open.
Maximum androgen blockade
Maximum or maximal androgen blockade (MAB) or complete or combined androgen blockade (CAB) is a medical treatment involving the combination of both androgen receptor (AR) antagonism and inhibition or suppression of androgen production to attain maximal effectiveness in androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). An example of MAB is the combination of bicalutamide, an AR antagonist, with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue such as leuprorelin or cetrorelix. MAB was developed for and is employed in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Triple androgen blockade (TrAB) is a method of ADT in which a 5α-reductase inhibitor such as finasteride or dutasteride is added to CAB.

MAB has been found to produce higher rates of gynecomastia (7 to 28%) than orchiectomy and GnRH analogues alone (1 to 16%), but lower rates than nonsteroidal antiandrogen monotherapy such as with bicalutamide (30 to 85%).

5α-Reductase inhibitor
5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with antiandrogenic effects which are used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate and scalp hair loss. They are also sometimes used to treat excess hair growth in women and as a component of hormone therapy for transgender women.

These agents inhibit the enzyme 5α-reductase, which is involved in the metabolic transformations of a variety of endogenous steroids. 5-ARIs are most known for preventing conversion of testosterone, the major androgen sex hormone, to the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in certain androgen-associated disorders.