hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cellular adaptation
In cell biology and pathophysiology, cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse or varying environmental changes. The adaptation may be physiologic (normal) or pathologic (abnormal).

Morphological adaptations observed at the cellular level include atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia. In the medical context, outside of specialized branches of biomedicine, morphological adaptations are not always referenced to the fundamental cellular level, but are observed and assessed at the level of tissues and organs. Dysplasia is a process of cell change associated with cellular abnormality, which is not considered adaptive in the positive sense of adaptation.

Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.

Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the left ventricle of the heart. Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel).
Aldo Capitini
Aldo Capitini (23 December 1899 –  19 October 1968) was an Italian philosopher, poet, political activist, anti-fascist, and educator. He was one of the first Italians to take up and develop Mahatma Gandhi's theories of nonviolence and was known as "the Italian Gandhi".

Assisi
Assisi (/əˈsiːsi/, also US: /-iːzi, əˈsɪsi, -ɪzi/; Italian: [asˈsiːzi]; from Latin: Asisium; Central Italian: Ascesi) is a town and comune of Italy in the Province of Perugia in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Monte Subasio.

It is generally regarded as the birthplace of the Latin poet Propertius, born around 50–45 BC. It is the birthplace of St. Francis, who founded the Order of Friars Minor in that town in 1208, and of St. Clare of Assisi (Chiara d'Offreducci), who, with St. Francis, founded the Order of Poor Ladies, which later became the Order of Poor Clares after her death. In 1838, St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows was also born in Assisi.
Cirricaecula macdowelli
Cirricaecula macdowelli is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by John E. McCosker and John Ernest Randall in 1993. It is a subtropical, marine eel which is known from Taiwan, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 22.8 centimetres.

John Ernest Randall
John Ernest "Jack" Randall (May 22, 1924 – April 26, 2020) was an American ichthyologist and a leading authority on coral reef fishes. Randall described over 800 species and authored 11 books and over 900 scientific papers and popular articles. He spent most of his career working in Hawaii. He died in April 2020 at the age of 95.
Wernher baronets
The Wernher baronetcy of Luton Hoo Park in the Parish of Luton, Bedford, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 2 August 1905 for the German-born Randlord and art collector Julius Wernher.

His younger son, the 3rd Baronet (who succeeded his elder brother), was a major general in the British Army. The title became extinct on his death in 1973.

The family seat was Luton Hoo.

Bedford
Bedford is a market town in Bedfordshire, England. At the 2021 Census, the population of its urban area was 167,446. Bedford is the county town of Bedfordshire and seat of the Borough of Bedford local government district.

Bedford was founded at a ford on the River Great Ouse and is thought to have been the burial place of King Offa of Mercia, who is remembered for building Offa's Dyke on the Welsh border. Bedford Castle was built by Henry I, although it was destroyed in 1224. Bedford was granted borough status in 1166 and has been represented in Parliament since 1265. It is known for its large population of Italian descent.
CKCK-FM
CKCK-FM is a radio station in Regina, Saskatchewan. Owned by Rawlco Communications, it broadcasts an adult hits format branded as Jack 94.5. CKCK's studios and offices are located at 2401 Saskatchewan Drive in Regina, along with sister stations CJME and CIZL-FM.

Adult hits
Adult hits (sometimes also called variety hits) is a radio format drawing from popular music from the late 1960s to the present. The format typically focuses on classic hits, but blended with adult contemporary, pop, and rock hits from the 1970s through at least the 2000s, and is synonymous with franchised brands such as Jack FM and Bob FM.
Discovery Partners Institute
The Discovery Partners Institute (DPI), part of the University of Illinois System, conducts tech workforce development, applied research and business building in Chicago. It is one of 15 Illinois Innovation Network (IIN) hubs, each of which is associated with one or more of the 12 four-year public universities in Illinois. DPI currently operates in office space at 200 South Wacker Drive, with plans to build a dedicated building within The 78, a neighborhood under development in Chicago's South Loop. DPI's goal is to attract world class tech talent to Chicago for tech careers and to facilitate corporate investment in Illinois, primarily through training and education and through applied R&D and business building.

200 South Wacker Drive
200 South Wacker Drive is a high-rise office building located in Chicago, Illinois. Construction of the building began in 1979 and was completed in 1981. Harry Weese Associates designed the building, which has 41 stories and stands at a height of 500 ft (152m), making it the 92nd tallest building in Chicago.
Harry S. Webb
Harry S. Webb (October 15, 1892 – July 4, 1959) was an American film producer, director and screenwriter. He produced 100 films between 1924 and 1940. He also directed 55 films between 1924 and 1940. He was the brother of "B"-film producer and director Ira S. Webb and the husband of screenwriter Rose Gordon, who wrote many of his films.

In 1933 Webb and Bernard B. Ray created Reliable Pictures Corporation with a studio at Beachwood and Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Reliable produced and released many Westerns, starting with Girl Trouble (1933), until the company closed in 1937. Its final release was The Silver Trail.

Webb and Ray then started Metropolitan Pictures Corporation in 1938, which produced and released several films until 1940, its last being Pinto Canyon. Webb then produced Westerns for Monogram Pictures.

He was born in Pennsylvania and died in Hollywood, from a heart attack.

Bernard B. Ray
Bernard Benny Ray (born Benjamin Shamrayevsky, November 18, 1895 - December 10, 1964) was a Russian-born American film producer and director. He is closely associated with the production of low-budget B films of Poverty Row, involved with companies such as Reliable Pictures during the 1930s.

In some film credits, like Rio Rattler (1935), he has used the pseudonym "Franklin Shamray".
Dehors novembre
Dehors novembre is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Patrick Bouchard and released in 2005. Inspired in part by the suicide of Quebec rock musician Dédé Fortin, the film depicts various characters facing mortality in a bleak cityscape to the soundtrack of "Dehors novembre", a song by Fortin's band Les Colocs which was itself inspired by the prior death of Fortin's bandmate Patrick Esposito Di Napoli.

The film was a Genie Award nominee for Best Animated Short at the 26th Genie Awards in 2006, and won the Jutra Award for Best Animated Short at the 8th Jutra Awards the same year.

Dédé Fortin
André "Dédé" Fortin (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe dede fɔʁtɛ̃]; 17 November 1962 – 8 May 2000) was a founding member, frontman, and guitarist of the Québécois band Les Colocs, formed in 1990.

Born in rural Quebec, André "Dédé" Fortin was the tenth of eleven children. After studying cinema at the Université de Montréal, he formed the folk-rock band Les Colocs in 1990. The band's music addressed serious issues such as poverty, loss of community, and drug dependence. Fortin was also an activist for Quebec sovereignty, campaigning for the "Yes" side in the 1995 Quebec referendum. The last LP from Les Colocs, Dehors Novembre, won the Félix Award for Rock Album of the Year.

Fortin struggled with depression and died by suicide in 2000. His legacy includes the renaming of a street in his hometown, a biographical film, and the Fondation Andre Dédé Fortin, which focuses on depression education and suicide prevention.
Oeceoclades analamerensis
Oeceoclades analamerensis is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus Oeceoclades that is endemic to northern Madagascar. It was first described by the French botanist Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie in 1939 as Lissochilus analamerensis. The English botanist V.S. Summerhayes later transferred this species to the genus Eulophidium in 1957. When Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor revised the genus Oeceoclades in 1976, they transferred this species to the expanded Oeceoclades.

Garay and Taylor noted that O. analamerensis is similar in vegetative morphology to O. alismatophylla, but it can be distinguished from similar species by its floral morphology, including the two small lamellae at the base of the labellum and the hairy disc on the labellum.

Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie
Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf maʁi ɑ̃ʁi alfʁɛd pɛʁje də la bati]; 11 August 1873 – 2 October 1958) was a French botanist who specialized in the plants of Madagascar.

He is the nephew of Eugène Pierre Perrier de la Bâthie, (1825-1916), another botanist, who also collected plants with him.

He delineated the two chief floristic provinces of Madagascar (see Ecoregions of Madagascar). Some of his works include La végétation malgache (1921), Biogéographie de plantes de Madagascar (1936), and numerous volumes of the series Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (1946-1952).
Cities (The Cat Empire album)
Cities is the third studio album by Australian band the Cat Empire, released on 1 April 2006 through Virgin Records. The album consists of music recorded for the band's performance at the 2006 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony the previous month. A limited release, 10,000 individually numbered copies have been made in digipak format. It was released less than a year after their previous album, Two Shoes.

At the 2006 Fine Arts Awards, the album won an ARIA Music Award under the category Best World Music Album.

The album was recorded at Sing Sing Studios in Richmond, Melbourne, Australia.

2006 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony
The Opening Ceremony of the 2006 Commonwealth Games was held on 15 March 2006 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The ceremony was conceived and produced by Jack Morton Worldwide
Epipactis ohwii
Epipactis ohwii is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to central Taiwan. It was originally described by Noriaki Fukuyama in 1934. The species is a geophyte with underground rhizomes, and is found in temperate areas.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Pauline Hondema
Pauline Hondema (pronounced [pʌuˈlinə ˈɦɔndəmaː]; born 28 March 2000) is a Dutch track and field athlete competing in the long jump. She holds the Dutch records outdoor of 6.91 m and indoor of 6.70 m both set in 2025. Hondema finished second in the First League of the 2021 European Athletics Team Championships. And she is a six-time national senior champion (three outdoor and three indoor titles).

Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn ([ˈaːpəldoːr(ə)n] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Apeldoorne) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. The municipality of Apeldoorn, including the villages of Beekbergen, Loenen, Ugchelen and Hoenderloo, had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley.
K. V. Krishna Iyer
K. V. Krishna Iyer (1896–1982) was a professor of history at Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, Kozhikode. He is considered an authority on the history of Kerala. He has authored important historical books namely The Zamorins of Calicut, History of Kerala and History of Guruvayur, which are based on facts from his personal research on available records like Olagranthangal, Vattezhuthu and Kolezhuthu inscribed on copper plates. His radio talks on the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, Arabs on the Malabar coast and their interaction with the locals were highly appreciated; as also his newspaper articles on Kerala land tenure. Two of his students, P. P. Ummer Koya and C. H. Mohammed Koya, ministers in the Kerala cabinet compelled him to adorn many committees on History, Archeology and Anthropology of Kerala.

Vatteluttu
Vatteluttu (Tamil: வட்டெழுத்து, Vaṭṭeḻuttu and Malayalam: വട്ടെഴുത്ത്, Vaṭṭeḻuttŭ, IPA: [ʋɐʈːeɻut̪ːɨ̆]), also transliterated as Vattezhuthu, was an alphasyllabic or syllabic writing system of south India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala) and Sri Lanka formerly employed for writing the Tamil and Malayalam languages. The script is a sister system of the Pallava-Chola alphabet. The script was patronized by the Pallava, Pandya and Chera rulers of southern India.

Vatteluttu belonged to the "southern group" of Brahmi derivatives (Southern Brahmi, generally associated with Dravidian languages of south India). The script was used in inscriptions and manuscripts of south India for centuries. It is closely related to the Tamil script (although it is more cursive than the Tamil script, with letters with a single curvilinear stroke). The direction of writing in Vatteluttu is from left to right. It notably omits the virama vowel muting device.
Kachin conflict
The Kachin conflict or the Kachin War is one of the multiple conflicts which are collectively referred to as the internal conflict in Myanmar. Kachin insurgents have been fighting against the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) since 1961, with only one major ceasefire being brokered between them, which lasted from 1994 to 2011, a total of 17 years.

Since the resumption of hostilities in 2011, thousands of civilians have been killed, whilst over 100,000 more have been displaced. Widespread use of landmines, child soldiers, systematic rape and torture have been alleged by both sides.

Myitkyina
Myitkyina (Burmese: မြစ်ကြီးနားမြို့, MLCTS: mrac kri: na: mrui., pronounced [mjɪʔtɕíná]; Jinghpaw: Myitkyina, [mjìtkjí̠ná]; Shan: ၸႄႈၼႃး) is the capital city of Kachin State in Myanmar (Burma), located 1,480 kilometers (920 mi) from Yangon, and 785 kilometers (488 mi) from Mandalay. In Burmese it means "near the big river", and Myitkyina is on the west bank of the Ayeyarwady River, just 40 kilometers (25 mi) downstream from Myit-son (Burmese for confluence) of its two headstreams (the Mali and N'mai rivers). It is the northernmost river port and railway terminus in Myanmar. The city is served by Myitkyina Airport.
Blathewyc
Blathewyc or Blathewic (from Irish Uí Blathmaic, meaning 'descendants of Blathmac') is the name of several historical territorial divisions in what is now County Down, Northern Ireland. It is the anglicised name of an ancient Irish túath, ruled by the Uí Blathmaic, later becoming a barony, bailiwick, and county in the Anglo-Norman Earldom of Ulster.

Túath
Túath (plural túatha) is the Old Irish term for the basic political and jurisdictional unit of Gaelic Ireland. Túath can refer to both a geographical territory as well the people who lived in that territory.  The smallest túath controlled by a king was about the size of a later Irish barony (about 177sq miles) and kings with greater power would have two or more túatha under their control, according to A Smaller Social History of Ancient Ireland.
Jimmy Connors Pro Tennis Tour
Jimmy Connors Pro Tennis Tour is a video game developed by Blue Byte and published by Ubisoft and released in December 1992 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is the third game in the Pro Tennis Tour series developed by Blue Byte. It follows 1989's Pro Tennis Tour and 1991's Pro Tennis Tour 2. An 8-bit console version, Jimmy Connors Tennis, was developed by NMS Software and released in 1993.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Dzhebbar Akimov
Dzhebbar Akimov (Russian: Джеббар Акимович Акимов, Crimean Tatar: Cebbar Akim oğlu Akimov; 15 May 1909 – 21 July 1983) was a Crimean Tatar teacher, writer who worked as editor of the newspaper "Qızıl Qırım" (Red Crimea) until the Sürgün. In exile, stood at the origins of the Crimean Tatar rights movement, becoming the leader of the Bekabad initiative group as well as authoring many documents about their plight for which he was expelled from the party in 1966, dubbed "the most active supporter of returning to Crimea" by the government in 1967, and eventually sentenced to three years in prison in 1972. Like many other leaders of the original Crimean Tatar rights movement, he considered himself a communist and opposed the prospect of members of movement associating with Soviet dissidents like Andrey Sakharov and Pyotr Grigorenko.

Andrei Sakharov
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Russian: Андрей Дмитриевич Сахаров; 21 May 1921 – 14 December 1989) was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world.

Although he spent his career in physics in the Soviet program of nuclear weapons, overseeing the development of thermonuclear weapons, Sakharov also did fundamental work in understanding particle physics, magnetism, and physical cosmology. Sakharov is mostly known for his political activism for individual freedom, human rights, civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union, for which he was deemed a dissident and faced persecution from the Soviet establishment.

In his memory, the Sakharov Prize was established and is awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms.
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Series
The Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Series is an Emmy award given to television programs that do not "fall into other established categories." Prior to 2000, the category was referred to as Special Class Program and both series and specials competed in the same category. A separate category for singular specials was created in 2000.

Live from Lincoln Center
Live from Lincoln Center was a seventeen-time Emmy Award-winning series that broadcast notable performances from the Lincoln Center in New York City on PBS starting 1976. The program aired between six and nine times per season. Episodes of Live from Lincoln Center featured Lincoln Center's resident artistic organizations, most notably the New York Philharmonic. Funding for the series was made possible by major grants from the Robert Wood Johnson 1962 Charitable Trust, Thomas H. Lee and Ann Tenenbaum, the Robert and Renee Belfer Family Foundation, the MetLife Foundation, Mercedes T. Bass, and the National Endowment for the Arts. Production of new episodes has been suspended indefinitely since 2019.
Li Ganjie
Li Ganjie (Chinese: 李干杰; born 11 November 1964) is a Chinese politician serving as the head of the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He is a member of the 20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party and a secretary of the 20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party.

Li has previously served as head of the National Nuclear Safety Administration, deputy party secretary of Hebei, the Minister of Ecology and Environment (previously as the Minister of Environmental Protection) from 2017 to 2020, the Party Secretary of Shandong from 2021 to 2022, and the head of the Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party from 2023 to 2025.

20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
The 20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party, formally the Secretariat of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was nominated by the 20th Politburo Standing Committee and approved by the 1st Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee on 23 October 2022, in the aftermath of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It was preceded by the 19th Secretariat.
Fairchild Memorial Hall
Fairchild Memorial Hall houses the Air University (AU) library at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.

The premier library in the United States Department of Defense, the AU Library holds especially strong collections in the fields of warfare, aeronautics, United States Air Force and DOD operations, military sciences, international relations, military education, leadership and management.

Named for General Muir S. Fairchild, the founder and first commander of Air University, the library serves as the focal point of faculty and student research, holding more than 2.9 million items.

Military operation
A military operation (op) is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and may be referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security. Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives.
Mary Richmond (teacher)
Mary Elizabeth Richmond CBE (30 August 1853 – 3 July 1949) was a New Zealand community leader, teacher and writer.

She was born in New Plymouth, New Zealand in 1853. Her parents were William Richmond and Emily Elizabeth Atkinson.

From 1884 until 1890, Richmond was a teacher at Wellington Girls' High School. In 1898 she opened a private school in Wellington for children from kindergarten to preparatory level, which she operated until 1911. In 1905 she founded the free kindergarten movement in Wellington; the first of the Richmond Kindergarten Schools was opened in 1906.

She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1949 New Year Honours for services in education and welfare work. She died later that year in Wellington, was cremated, and had her ashes buried at Karori Cemetery.

Wellington Girls' College
Wellington Girls' College was founded in 1883 in Wellington, New Zealand. At that time it was called Wellington Girls' High School. Wellington Girls' College is a year 9 to 13 state secondary school, located in Thorndon in central Wellington.