hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peskovka, Volgograd Oblast
Peskovka (Russian: Песковка) is a rural locality (a selo) in the Medveditskoe rural settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia.

It was formerly a Volga German colony in Russia, named Peskovatka, established in 1767, 90 km south-west of the regional center of Saratov. While the Russian administration named the colony Peskovatka (after the nearby stream), the German people residing there called their colony Kolb, after the first "Vorsteher" (administrative leader) of the colony, Andreas Kolb, who was from Hessenberg.

On August 28, 1941, the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet on the resettlement of Germans living in the Volga region was issued and the German population was deported to Siberia. The village of Peskovatka was later renamed Peskovka.

Zhirnovsky District
Zhirnovsky District (Russian: Жи́рновский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Zhirnovsky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,970 square kilometers (1,150 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zhirnovsk. Population: 43,685 (2010 Census); 47,575 (2002 Census); 46,418 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zhirnovsk accounts for 38.6% of the district's total population.
Gautier le Leu
Gautier le Leu (born 1210?), sometimes referred to as Gautier le Long, was a French minstrel who wrote in the middle of the 13th century. He is one of the most important authors of fabliaux, six of which are attributed to him (mostly on erotic and scatological topics) and also wrote two dits, a poem of proverbs, and a longer narrative poem. He is thought to have originated from the County of Hainaut, in what is today Belgium. He may have received clerical training in Orléans or Cologne.

Erotic literature
The term erotic literature refers to fictional or factual stories and accounts of eros (passionate, romantic, or sexual relationships) intended to sexually arouse readers. This may overlap yet also contrast with erotica, which focuses more specifically on sexual feelings. Other common elements are satire and social criticism. Much erotic literature features erotic art to illustrate the text.

Although cultural disapproval of erotic literature has always existed, its circulation was not seen as a major problem before the invention of printing, as the costs of producing individual manuscripts limited distribution to a very small group of wealthy and literate readers. The invention of printing, in the 15th century, brought with it both a greater market and increasing restrictions, including censorship and legal restraints on publication on the grounds of obscenity. Because of this, much of the production of this type of material became clandestine.
Italian orthography
Italian orthography (the conventions used in writing Italian) uses the Latin alphabet to write the Italian language. This article focuses on the writing of Standard Italian, based historically on the Florentine variety of Tuscan.

Written Italian is very regular and almost completely phonemic—having an almost one-to-one correspondence between letters (or sequences of letters) and sounds (or sequences of sounds). The main exceptions are that stress placement and vowel quality (for ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩) are not notated, ⟨s⟩ and ⟨z⟩ may be voiced or not, ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩ may represent vowels or semivowels, and a silent ⟨h⟩ is used in a very few cases other than the digraphs ⟨ch⟩ and ⟨gh⟩ (used for the hard ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩ sounds before ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩).

Silent letter
In an alphabetic writing system, a silent letter is a letter that, in a particular word, does not correspond to any sound in the word's pronunciation. In linguistics, a silent letter is often symbolised with a null sign U+2205 ∅ EMPTY SET, which resembles the Scandinavian letter Ø. A null or zero is an unpronounced or unwritten segment.
AN/ALE-50 towed decoy system
The AN/ALE-50 towed decoy system is an electronic countermeasure system designed and manufactured by Raytheon to protect multiple US military aircraft from air-to-air and surface-to-air radar-guided missiles. The ALE-50 towed decoy system is an anti-missile countermeasures decoy used on U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps aircraft, and by air forces of other countries. The system is manufactured by Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems (now RTX Corporation) at its facility in Goleta, California. The ALE-50 system consists of a launcher and launch controller installed on the aircraft (usually on a wing pylon), with one or more expendable towed decoys. Each decoy is delivered in a sealed canister with a ten-year shelf life.

Active radar homing
Active radar homing (ARH) is a missile guidance method in which a missile contains a radar transceiver (in contrast to semi-active radar homing, which uses only a receiver) and the electronics necessary for it to find and track its target autonomously.

The NATO brevity code for an air-to-air active radar homing missile launch is Fox Three.
Cline Falls axe attack
The Cline Falls axe attack refers to an unsolved attempted homicide that occurred on the evening of June 22, 1977, at the Cline Falls State Park in Deschutes County, Oregon United States. The victims were two female college students, Terri Jentz and her roommate, Avra Goldman, who were on a cross-country cycling ride along the Trans America Trail.

Both women decided to spend the night along the Deschutes River at the park near Redmond. During the night, they were awoken by a vehicle that drove over their tent, injuring both. The driver of the vehicle exited his car and proceeded to attack both women with an axe. Both women survived the attack, suffering significant injuries, but their attacker has never been positively identified.

Redmond, Oregon
Redmond is a city in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. The population was 33,274 at the 2020 census, and according to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 37,009.

The city is on the eastern side of Oregon's Cascade Range, in the High Desert in Central Oregon. From Redmond there is access to recreational opportunities.  Redmond is a full-service municipality and one of the fastest-growing industrial and residential communities in Oregon.
Acid fuchsin
Acid fuchsin or fuchsine acid, (also called Acid Violet 19 and C.I. 42685) is an acidic magenta dye with the chemical formula C20H17N3Na2O9S3. It is a sodium sulfonate derivative of fuchsine. Acid fuchsin has wide use in histology, and is one of the dyes used in Masson's trichrome stain.  This method is commonly used to stain cytoplasm and nuclei of tissue sections in the histology laboratory in order to distinguish muscle from collagen.  The muscle stains red with the acid fuchsin, and the collagen is stained green or blue with Light Green SF yellowish or methyl blue. It can also be used to identify growing bacteria.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
Libby Kosmala
Elizabeth "Libby" Dudley Kosmala (née Richards) OAM (born 8 July 1942) is an Australian shooter with paraplegia. She represented Australia at twelve Paralympics from 1972 to 2016, and won thirteen medals, nine of them gold.

Paralympics Australia
Paralympics Australia (PA) previously called the Australian Paralympic Committee (APC) (1998–2019) is the National Paralympic Committee in Australia for the Paralympic Games movement. It oversees the preparation and management of Australian teams that participate at the Summer Paralympics and the Winter Paralympics.

APC played a major role in Australia's successful bid to host the 2000 Sydney Paralympics. Between the 1996 to 2016 Summer Paralympics, Australia has finished in the top five nations on the medal tally. It is also a successful nation at the Winter Paralympics.
Thurman Green
Thurman Green (August 12, 1940 – June 19, 1997) was an American jazz trombonist. He was a member of the Horace Tapscott Quintet and the Clayton-Hamilton Jazz Orchestra.

Green and Hamiet Bluiett were at the Navy School of Music together in 1962. More than thirty years later, Bluiett produced and performed on Green's only album as a leader, Dance of the Night Creatures on Mapleshade Records. They began recording in 1994, and Green died in 1997 at the age of 57. Mapleshade released the album in 1999.

Hamiet Bluiett
Hamiet Bluiett (BLUE-et; September 16, 1940 – October 4, 2018) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. His primary instrument was the baritone saxophone, and he was considered one of the finest players of this instrument. A member of the World Saxophone Quartet, he also played (and recorded with) the bass saxophone, E-flat alto clarinet, E-flat contra-alto clarinet, and wooden flute.
Les Ateliers Gaîté
Les Ateliers Gaîté (lit. 'Gaîté Workshops') is a mixed use complex in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, France. Located in the broader Montparnasse area, the 1.5 acre ensemble takes its name from the Gaîté (lit. 'Cheerfulness') neighborhood its sits in, a reference to the many entertainment venues that once existed in the vicinity.

Municipal arrondissements of France
In France, a municipal arrondissement (French: arrondissement municipal [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃ mynisipal]) is a subdivision of the commune, and is used in the country's three largest cities: Paris, Lyon and Marseille. It functions as an even lower administrative division, with its own mayor. Although usually referred to simply as "arrondissements", they should not be confused with departmental arrondissements, which are groupings of communes within one département.
Memento Mori (Sculthorpe)
Memento Mori (1993) is a composition for orchestra by Peter Sculthorpe. The title refers to the medieval Christian idea of memento mori, and the piece itself makes frequent references to the plainchant setting of the Latin hymn "Dies irae".

Memento mori
Memento mori (Latin for "remember [that you have] to die") is an artistic symbol or trope acting as a reminder of the inevitability of death. The concept has its roots in the philosophers of classical antiquity and Christianity, and appeared in funerary art and architecture from the medieval period onwards.

The most common motif is a skull, often accompanied by bones. Often, this alone is enough to evoke the trope, but other motifs include a coffin, hourglass, or wilting flowers to signify the impermanence of life. Often, these would accompany a different central subject within a wider work, such as portraiture; however, the concept includes standalone genres such as the vanitas and Danse Macabre in visual art and cadaver monuments in sculpture.
2023 U Sports Men's Soccer Championship
The 2023 U Sports Men's Soccer Championship was the 51st edition of the U Sports men's soccer championship, a postseason tournament to determine the national champion of the 2023 U Sports men's soccer season. The tournament started on November 9 and ended with the bronze-medal and championship games being played on November 12 at Cape Breton University. It was the fourth tournament to be held in Nova Scotia.

Thompson Rivers WolfPack were the defending champions following their victory in 2022, however, they failed the qualify for the 2023 tournament following a quarterfinal elimination in the Canada West playoffs.

U Sports men's soccer
U Sports men's soccer is the highest level of amateur play of association football in Canada and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. As of the 2024 season, 48 teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. After interconference playoffs have been played, eight teams compete for the Sam Davidson Memorial Trophy, awarded to the U Sports men's soccer championship team.
Syoh Yoshida
Syoh Yoshida (吉田 翔, Yoshida Shō, born 24 January 1984 in Aichi, Japan) is a Japanese artist of the nihonga and ink painting genre.

He currently lives and works in Kyoto. He graduated from the Faculty of Arts and Design at Osaka Seikei University, where he learned and matured his craft in both Japanese painting. Since his first solo exhibition "Beautiful Thing" in Kyoto in 2006, he has been expressing his love and devotion for nature and townships primarily through his unique and striking black and white paintings. He has also participated in several high profile and successful solo and group exhibitions throughout Japan in recent years.

Isetan
Isetan (伊勢丹, Isetan) (TYO: 8238 unlisted on March 26, 2008, SGX: I15
) is a Japanese department store. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Isetan has branches throughout Japan and South East Asia, including in Jinan, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Shanghai, Singapore, and Tianjin, and formerly in Bangkok, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, London, and Vienna.

On April 1, 2008, Isetan and Mitsukoshi were merged under a joint holding company called Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. (TYO: 3099).
Shanaka Peters
Shanaka Madusanka Peters (born (1991-10-10)10 October 1991) is a Sri Lankan male weightlifter, competing in the 94 kg category and representing Sri Lanka at international competitions. He participated at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the 94 kg event. He won the silver medal at the 2016 South Asian Games lifting a total of 300 kg.

2016 South Asian Games
The 2016 South Asian Games, officially the XII South Asian Games, is a major multi-sport event which took place from 5 February to 16 February 2016 in Guwahati and Shillong, India. A total of 2,672 athletes competed in 226 events over 22 sports. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 2016 South Asian Games in Guwahati on 5 February 2016. India continued its dominance in the game's medal tally with a staggering 308 medals including 188 gold medals.
Jaime Calderón Calderón
Jaime Calderón Calderón (born May 1, 1966) is a Mexican philosopher and cleric who served as Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of Zamora. On July 7, 2018, he was appointed by Pope Francis as Bishop of the Diocese of Tapachula. On July 4, 2024, he was appointed archbishop of the Archdiocese of León. He is also currently vice president of the Mexican Episcopal Conference for the three-year period 2024-2027, Conferencia del Episcopado Mexicano (C.E.M.)

Universidad Pontificia de México
The Universidad Pontificia de México (Pontifical University of Mexico) is a private institution of higher education originally established Charles I, King of Spain in 1551, re-established by the Holy See in 1982, and sponsored by the Roman Catholic Episcopate in Mexico. It is one of the two modern Mexican universities claiming to be successors of the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico (Real y Pontificia Universidad de México), one of the first universities founded in North America. The university is today the only existing pontifical university in Mexico.
Gaybrook Demesne
Gaybrook Demesne more commonly known as Gaybrook is a townland in the civil parish of Enniscoffey in County Westmeath, Ireland.

The townland is located to the south of Mullingar, to the north of Rochfortbridge and Milltownpass, and to the east of Lough Ennell.

Quare Times, the winner of the 1955 Grand National was owned by Mrs. Wellman at Gaybrook House, she was the former wife of Robert Smyth.

1955 Grand National
The 1955 Grand National was the 109th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 26 March 1955.

Thirty horses ran in the race, which was won by 100/9 shot Quare Times, who was ridden by jockey Pat Taaffe and trained by Vincent O'Brien. This was O'Brien's third consecutive Grand National win.

Early Mist, the previous year's winner and another O'Brien-trained mount, was the favourite. In attendance at Aintree were The Queen Mother (who owned M'as Tu Vu who was also running in the race), and her daughters Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret.

Several fences had been reduced in severity following an outcry over four equine fatalities in the previous year's National. The heavy going meant the 16th fence (the Water Jump) was omitted – the first time in Grand National history that not all 30 fences were jumped.
Breese (surname)
Breese is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Breese (1889–1941), English naval and air force officer

Charles Breese (1867–1932), Welsh solicitor, antiquarian and politician

Chic Breese (1872–1929), Australian rules footballer

Dave Breese (1926–2002), American evangelist

Dilys Breese (1932–2007), English television producer

Edward Y. Breese (1912–1979), American writer

Gareth Breese (born 1976), Jamaican cricketer

Kidder Breese (1831–1881), American naval officer

Llywelyn Breese (fl. 1870s), American politician

Quentin Breese (1918–1962), American boxer

Samuel Livingston Breese (1794–1870), American rear-admiral

Sidney Breese (1800–1878), American politician and lawyer

Thomas Breese (1793–1846), American naval officer

Tom Breese (born 1991), English mixed martial artist

Vance Breese (1904–1973), American aviation engineer and test pilot

Llywelyn Breese
Llywelyn Breese was a politician from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. He was born May 13, 1833, in Mallwyd, Merionethshire, Wales. He served as Wisconsin's tenth Secretary of State for two terms from January 3, 1870, to January 5, 1874. He was a Republican who served under governors Lucius Fairchild and Cadwallader C. Washburn. He resided in Portage, Wisconsin, at the time of his election.
Fellowship of Humanity
The Fellowship of Humanity is a humanist church in Oakland, California, founded in 1935 by Reverend A. D. Faupell as part of the American Religious Humanism movement. It was an offshoot of the First Unitarian Church of Oakland, where A. D. Faupell had been teaching Sunday school, and was inspired in part by Upton Sinclair’s campaign for governor of California under the banner of EPIC, End Poverty in California. It was one of several "Churches of Humanity" established in the 1930s but is the only one that has survived into the 21st century. It is the first and oldest affiliate of the American Humanist Association. It is currently described as a "Deep Green Humanist Church vital to progressive infrastructure, inspired by humanitarian ideals, and committed to action for social justice and ecological sanity."

End Poverty in California
End Poverty in California (EPIC) was a political campaign started in 1934 by socialist writer Upton Sinclair (best known as author of The Jungle).  The movement formed the basis for Sinclair's campaign for governor of California in 1934. The plan called for a massive public works program, sweeping tax reform, and guaranteed pensions. It gained major popular support, with thousands joining End Poverty Leagues across the state. EPIC never came to fruition due to Sinclair's defeat in the 1934 election, but is seen as an influence on New Deal programs enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Atayal language
The Atayal language is an Austronesian language spoken by the Atayal people of Taiwan. Squliq and C’uli’ (Ts’ole’) are two major dialects. Matu’uwal and Pa’kuali’, two subdialects of C’uli’, are unique among Atayal dialects in having male and female register distinctions in their vocabulary.

Tai'an, Miaoli
24°25′22″N 121°03′02″E﻿ / ﻿24.422769°N 121.050689°E﻿ / 24.422769; 121.050689

Tai'an Township (Chinese: 泰安鄉; pinyin: Tài'ān Xiāng) is a mountain indigenous township in southeastern Miaoli County, Taiwan. It is the largest township and the only mountain indigenous township in Miaoli County.
Mow Cop and Scholar Green railway station
Mow Cop and Scholar Green railway station was a station on the North Staffordshire Railway between Stoke-on-Trent and Congleton. It served the village of Mow Cop.

The line was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway on 9 October 1848 but the station at Mow Cop did not open until the beginning of January 1849. It closed in 1964 and was immortalised that year in the song Slow Train by Flanders and Swann.

The signal box survived in use until 2002, and is now preserved privately in the village.

Signalling control
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were known by a variety of names including signal box (International and British) and interlocking tower (North America). London Underground call them signalling cabins, and the Great Central Railway referred to them as signal cabins. Currently these decentralised systems are being consolidated into wide scale signalling centres or dispatch offices. Whatever the form, signalling control provides an interface between the human signal operator and the lineside signalling equipment. The technical apparatus used to control switches (points), signals and block systems is called interlocking.
Warendorf
Warendorf (German pronunciation: [ˈvaːʁəndɔʁf] ⓘ, Westphalian: Warnduorp) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and capital of Warendorf District.

The town is best known today for its well-preserved medieval town centre, for horse-riding, and the opportunities it provides for cycling. Bicycles are such a common means of transport in the area that many cycle paths have been built, even alongside main roads outside the town.

Bike path
A bike path or a cycle path is a bikeway separated from motorized traffic and dedicated to cycling or shared with pedestrians or other non-motorized users. In the US a bike path sometimes encompasses shared use paths, "multi-use path", or "Class III bikeway" is a paved path that has been designated for use by cyclists outside the right of way of a public road. It may or may not have a center divider or stripe to prevent head-on collisions. In the UK, a shared-use footway or multi-use path is for use by both cyclists and pedestrians.
Brian MacDevitt
Brian MacDevitt is a lighting designer and educator. He has worked extensively on Broadway and Off Broadway, as well as touring, Regional theatre, and Industrial productions. He won the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design for his work on the 2002 Broadway revival of Into The Woods. He also won the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design in a Play three times and the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design in a Musical twice, most recently in 2024 for The Outsiders.

Urinetown
Urinetown: The Musical is a satirical comedy musical that premiered in 2001, with music by Mark Hollmann, lyrics by Hollmann and Greg Kotis, and book by Kotis. It satirizes the legal system, capitalism, social irresponsibility, populism, bureaucracy, corporate mismanagement, and municipal politics. The show also parodies musicals such as The Threepenny Opera, Fiddler on the Roof, The Cradle Will Rock and Les Misérables, and the Broadway musical itself as a form.