hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German throne dispute
The German throne dispute or German throne controversy (German: Deutscher Thronstreit) was a political conflict in the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 to 1215. This dispute, between the House of Hohenstaufen and the House of Welf, was over the successor to Emperor Henry VI, who had just died. After a conflict lasting 17 years, the Hohenstaufen Frederick II prevailed.

House of Welf
The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse-Moselle area was closely related to the imperial family of the Carolingians.
Zagóra, Gmina Susiec
Zagóra (Polish pronunciation: [zaˈɡura]) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Susiec, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is situated in the forested Roztocze region, an area known for its mixed woodlands and small agricultural clearings. The settlement lies close to the boundary of the Roztocze Narional Park, which is noted for its natural trails and protected habitats.

Roztocze
50°28′34″N 23°16′04″E﻿ / ﻿50.4761°N 23.2678°E﻿ / 50.4761; 23.2678

Roztocze or Roztochchia (Ukrainian: Розточчя) is a range of hills in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine which rises from the Lublin Upland and extends southeastward through Solska Forest and across the Polish-Ukrainian border, reaching Lviv. Largely rural and sparsely populated, the elongated range is approximately 180 km long and 14 km wide. Its highest peak within Poland is Wielki Dział at 390 meters, while in Ukraine it is Vysokyi Zamok (Lviv High Castle) at 409 meters. In Poland, Roztocze lies in the Lublin and Subcarpathian Voivodeships, while the section in Ukraine extends to the outskirts of Lviv. In 2011, UNESCO established the Roztochia Biosphere Reserve which in 2019 became a Transboundary Biosphere Reserve. The Polish part of the range constitutes the Roztocze National Park.
Charia, Ghana
Charia is a small town located in the Wa Municipal District, about five kilometres northwest of Wa, the capital of the Upper West Region of Ghana. It has about ten thousand inhabitants. The population comprises a mix of Christians, Muslims and Traditionalists. The major economic activities of the town are; farming, pottery, commerce. Since the country attained independence in 1957, the town has produced two District Commissioners for the Wa District (one in the Kwame Nkrumah Regime and another during the John Evans Atta Mills presidency). It has also produced a Deputy Minister under the John Agyekum Kufour administration.

Charia is known for its pottery which it makes from the clay found in the area.

Upper West Region
The Upper West Region is a region of Ghana located in the northwestern corner of the country. It is bordered by the Upper East Region to the east, the Northern Region to the south, and the Centre-Ouest and Sud-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso to the west and north. The Upper West regional capital and largest settlement is Wa.
Boneh-ye Khater
Boneh-ye Khater (Persian: بنه خاطر, also Romanized as Boneh-ye Khāţer and Boneh Khāţer) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Deylam County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 214, in 46 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Kaile Anil Kumar
Kaile Anil Kumar (born 1979) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is an MLA of YSR Congress Party from Pamarru Assembly constituency in Krishna district which is reserved for SC community. He won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. He is nominated by YSR Congress Party again to contest from Pamarru constituency.

Krishna district
Krishna district is a district in the Coastal Andhra region in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, with Machilipatnam as its administrative headquarters. It is surrounded on the East by Bay of Bengal, West by Guntur, Bapatla and North by Eluru and NTR districts and South again by Bay of Bengal.
Château de Fieuzal
Château de Fieuzal is a Bordeaux wine from the Pessac-Léognan appellation, ranked among the Crus Classés for red wine in the Classification of Graves wine of 1953 and 1959, though the estate also produces a dry white wine which was not classified. The winery and vineyards are located south of the city of Bordeaux, in the commune of Léognan.

Bordeaux wine
Bordeaux wine (Occitan: vin de Bordèu; French: vin de Bordeaux) is produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France, around the city of Bordeaux, on the Garonne River. To the north of the city, the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the broad estuary called the Gironde; the Gironde department, with a total vineyard area of 110,800 hectares, is the second largest wine-growing area in France behind the Languedoc-Rousillon.

Average vintages produce over 700 million bottles of wine, ranging from large quantities of daily table wine to some of the world's most expensive and prestigious wines. The vast majority of wine produced in Bordeaux is red (sometimes called "claret" in Britain), with sweet white wines (most notably Sauternes), dry whites, and (in much smaller quantities) rosé and sparkling wines (Crémant de Bordeaux) collectively making up the remainder. Bordeaux wine is made by more than 5,660 producers or châteaux. There are 65 appellations of Bordeaux wine.
Thirteen Uncollected Stories by John Cheever
Thirteen Uncollected Stories by John Cheever is a volume of short fiction by John Cheever published in 1994 by Academy Chicago Publishers. Most of the works in this collection were written between 1931 and 1942 during which Cheever was in his late teens to his late twenties.

Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, United States, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.

The company, formerly known as Gale Research and the Gale Group, is active in research and educational publishing for public, academic, and school libraries, and for businesses. The company is known for its full-text magazine and newspaper databases, Gale OneFile (formerly known as Infotrac), and other online databases subscribed by libraries, as well as multi-volume reference works, especially in the areas of religion, history, and social science.

Founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954 by Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr., the company was acquired by the International Thomson Organization (later the Thomson Corporation) in 1985 before its 2007 sale to Cengage.
Hartley Heard
Hartley Heard (born 29 October 1947) is an English former first-class cricketer and educator.

Heard was born at Bristol in October 1947. He was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Hospital, before going up to Exeter College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against Warwickshire at Oxford in 1967. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1970, making a total of 29 appearances. Playing as a right-arm medium pace bowler, he took 49 wickets at an average of 40.91, with best figures of 6 for 78. In addition to playing first-class cricket for Oxford, he also appeared for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring West Indians in May 1969. In July of the same year, he played two List A matches for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan and Nottinghamshire in the 1969 Player's County League. After graduating from Oxford, he became a schoolmaster at Mill Hill School.

1969 Player's County League
The 1969 Player's County League was the first competing of what was colloquially known as the Sunday League.  The second one-day league in England and Wales, it consisted of the seventeen first-class counties playing each other on Sunday afternoons throughout the season.  The competition was won by Lancashire County Cricket Club.
March of Dimes silver dollar
The March of Dimes silver dollar is a commemorative coin issued by the United States Mint in 2015. The coin commemorates the 75th anniversary of March of Dimes, a nonprofit organization that works to improve the health of mothers and babies.

United States Mint
The United States Mint is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as controlling the movement of bullion. The U.S. Mint is one of two U.S. agencies that manufactures physical money. The other is the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which prints paper currency. The first United States Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792, and was soon joined by other centers, whose coins were identified by their own mint marks. There are currently four active coin-producing mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point.
Cameron McTaggart
Cameron David McTaggart (born 30 September 1997) is a New Zealand weightlifter. He won the gold medal in the men's 81 kg event at the 2019 Pacific Games held in Apia, Samoa.

In 2018, McTaggart represented New Zealand at the Commonwealth Games held in Gold Coast, Australia. He finished in 7th place in the men's 77 kg event.

McTaggart represented New Zealand at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the men's 81 kg event.

He competed in the men's 81 kg event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games held in Birmingham, England.

Weightlifting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's 77 kg
The Men's 77 kg weightlifting event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games took place at the Carrara Sports and Leisure Centre on 7 April 2018.  The weightlifter from India won the gold, with a combined lift of 317 kg.
Jozef Feranec
Jozef Feranec (14 March 1910 − 3 May 2003) was a Slovak Roman Catholic bishop.

Born in Pobedim, Trenčín Region on 14 March 1910 and ordained in 1932, Feranec was named bishop in February 1973. In March 1973, he was appointed bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Banská Bystrica and retired in 1990.

Feranec died on 3 May 2003, aged 93, in Banská Bystrica.

Trenčín Region
The Trenčín Region (Slovak: Trenčiansky kraj, pronounced [ˈtrentʂɪɐnski ˈkraj]; Czech: Trenčínský kraj; Hungarian: Trencséni kerület) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. It consists of nine districts (okresy). The region was established in 1996: previously it had been a part of the West Slovak Region (Západoslovenský kraj) and partly the Central Slovak Region (Stredoslovenský kraj). Industry is a major sector of the region's economy.
René Souchon
René Souchon (French pronunciation: [ʁəne suʃɔ̃]; born 12 March 1943 in Le Malzieu-Ville, Lozère) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as the regional president of the French region of Auvergne. He was first elected in 2006.

In the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Souchon endorsed Martine Aubry as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.

Le Malzieu-Ville
Le Malzieu-Ville (French pronunciation: [lə malzjø vil]; Occitan: Lo Malasiu) is a commune in the Lozère department in southern France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association. Notable features include medieval ramparts, a church, a tourist office, and a leisure park along the river Truyère.
1867 New York state election
The 1867 New York state election was held on November 5, 1867, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

Erie Canal Commission
The Commission to Explore a Route for a Canal to Lake Erie and Report, known as the Erie Canal Commission, was a body created by the New York State Legislature in 1810 to plan the Erie Canal. In 1817 a Canal Fund led by Commissioners of the Canal Fund was established to oversee the funding of construction of the canal. In 1826 a Canal Board, of which both the planning commissioners and the Canal Fund commissioners were members, was created to take control of the operational canal. The term "Canal Commission" was at times applied to any of these bodies. Afterwards the canal commissioners were minor state cabinet officers responsible for the maintenance and improvements of the state's canals.

The office of Canal Commissioner was abolished in 1876, and their responsibilities were taken over by the Superintendent of Public Works in February 1878. The Canal Fund and the Canal Board were abolished in 1910.
Loco (Justin Quiles, Chimbala and Zion & Lennox song)
"Loco" ("crazy") is a song by American singer Justin Quiles, Dominican rapper Chimbala and Puerto Rican  duo Zion & Lennox. It was released on May 13, 2021 via Warner Music Latina. The song was from Quiles's third studio album La Última Promesa.

Chimbala
Leury José Tejeda Brito, musically known as Chimbala, is a Dominican urban music rapper and singer from Santo Domingo.

He has been dubbed one of the primary performers of dembow in Latin America. He has collaborated with artists such as El Alfa, Mozart La Para, José Reyes, Don Miguelo, Black Point and La Materalista. He gained fame with the song "Maniquí" calling Farruko's  attention and doing a remix.
Rexburg, Idaho
Rexburg is a city in Madison County, Idaho, United States.  The population was 39,409 at the 2020 census.  The city is the county seat of Madison County and its largest city.  Rexburg is the principal city of the Rexburg micropolitan area, which includes Fremont and Madison counties. The city is home to Brigham Young University–Idaho (BYU-Idaho), a private institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano. Repeated eruptions result in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.

Shield volcanoes are found wherever fluid, low-silica lava reaches the surface of a rocky planet. However, they are most characteristic of ocean island volcanism associated with hot spots or with continental rift volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as Mauna Loa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System, including Olympus Mons on Mars and Sapas Mons on Venus.
Brachydegma
Brachydegma is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater ray-finned fish  that lived during the Leonardian age (Cisuralian/lower Permian) in what is now Texas, United States. It is known from two fossils, which were recovered from the Clear Fork Formation. A potential record is also known from the concurrent Hennessey Formation of Oklahoma. It is one of the only fossil ray-finned fish from the Permian that preserves the skull bones in three dimensions.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Newbridge, Edinburgh
Newbridge is a village in the civil parish of Kirkliston, west of Edinburgh in Scotland. It formerly belonged to Midlothian, but it has been on the western fringe of to the City of Edinburgh since 1975. The original village consists of a small crossroads settlement to the east of the eponymous New Bridge, which spans the River Almond. Around it is a confusion of roads and industrial estates converging on the Newbridge Roundabout, the meeting point of the M8 and M9 motorways.

Newbridge (including Ratho Station) had a total population of 1,074 at the 2011 Census based on the 2010 definition of the locality.

River Almond, Lothian
The River Almond (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Amain) is a river in Lothian, Scotland.  It is approximately 28 miles (45 km) long, rising at Hirst Hill in Lanarkshire near Shotts, running through West Lothian and draining into the Firth of Forth at Cramond, Edinburgh. The name Almond/Amon is simply old Celtic for "river".
S21 (ZVV)
The S21 is a regional railway service of the Zürich S-Bahn of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV). The service operates at peak hours between Regensdorf-Watt and Zürich Hauptbahnhof over the Wettingen–Effretikon railway, supplementing the regular S6 service, which continues west to Baden.

At Zürich HB, trains of the S21 service usually depart from ground-level track (Gleis) 18.

Baden railway station
Baden railway station (German: Bahnhof Baden) serves the municipality of Baden, in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland.  Opened in 1847, it is owned and operated by SBB-CFF-FFS.

The station forms part of the Bözberg railway line, which links Basel with Zürich. It is also on the Zürich–Baden railway and the Baden–Aarau railway, which both form part of the original line connecting Zürich and Olten.
Matt Merritt
Matt Merritt (born January 5, 1988) is an American professional football coach who is the running backs coach for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the running backs coach at the University of Miami from 2024 to 2025.

Merritt played college football at Capital University as a running back from 2006 to 2009 and he previously served as an assistant coach at the University of Miami, University of South Florida, Georgia Southern University, University of Tennessee, James Madison University, Elon University, Ohio Dominican University, Ohio State University and Capital University.

Ohio Dominican University
Ohio Dominican University is a private Dominican university in Columbus, Ohio, United States. In 2024, the university had 1,252 students and offered undergraduate degrees in 42 majors as well as 9 graduate degree programs.
Jaguar XJR-5
The Jaguar XJR-5 is a IMSA GTP sports prototype race car, designed, developed and built by Group 44 racing for Jaguar with the aim of competing, from 1982, in the IMSA GT Championship. Jaguar XJR-5s contested until 1985, before Jaguar replaced it with the Jaguar XJR-7.

1985 IMSA GT Championship
The 1985 Camel GT Championship season was the 15th season of the IMSA GT Championship auto racing series.  It was for prototypes in the existing GTP class and new, smaller Lights class, as well as Grand Tourer-style racing cars which ran in the GTO and GTU classes.  It began on February 2, 1985, and ended on December 1, 1985, after seventeen rounds.
Minority Front
The Minority Front (MF) is a political party in South Africa. The party represents all minorities of South Africa, however, its support comes mainly from the South African Indian community. Its voter base is in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. The eThekwini district (Durban) is the cultural and demographic centre of South Africa's Indian community. The party was founded in 1993 and led by Amichand Rajbansi until his death in December 2011.

EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseThekwini) is a metropolitan municipality, created in 2000, that includes the city of Durban and surrounding towns. eThekwini is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. As of 2011, the majority of its 3,442,361 inhabitants spoke isiZulu.
Lalian Tehsil
Lalian Tehsil (Urdu: تحصيل لالیاں) is a tehsil of the Chiniot District and a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is located on Sargodha road, 22 km from Chiniot. It became a tehsil of Chiniot District on 2 February 2009. Prior to this, it was a known town in the Chiniot Tehsil and with the addition of 12 more union councils, it became a Tehsil with a large number of people in towns and villages.

Sargodha
Sargodha (/sɑːˈɡəʊdə/; سرگودھا; Punjabi: [sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː]; Urdu: [ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 11th most populous city and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country. It is also known as the City of Eagles.

It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others include Faisalabad, Islamabad and Gwadar).
Racism in Australia
Racism against various ethnic or minority groups has existed in Australia since British colonisation. Throughout Australian history, the Indigenous peoples of Australia have faced severe restrictions on their political, social, and economic freedoms, and suffered genocide, forced removals, and massacres, and continue to face discrimination. European, Sub-Saharan African, Asian, Pacific Islander, Arab, Iranian, Latin American, and North American Australians have also been the victims of discrimination and harassment. In addition, Jews, Italians and the Irish were often subjected to xenophobic exclusion and other forms of religious and ethnic discrimination.

Racism has manifested itself in a variety of ways, including segregation, racist immigration policies, naturalisation laws, and internment camps.

Arab Australians
Arab Australians (Arabic: عرب أستراليا) refers to Australian citizens or residents with ancestry from the Middle East and North Africa, regardless of their ethnic origins. Many are not ethnically Arab but numerous groups who include Arabs, Kurds, Copts, Assyrians, Berbers and others. The majority are Christian by faith with minorities being Muslim, Druze, Yazidi and other faiths.
Julianów, Rawa County
Julianów [juˈljanuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rawa Mazowiecka, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Rawa Mazowiecka and 58 km (36 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Rawa Mazowiecka
Rawa Mazowiecka [ˈrava mazɔˈvʲɛt͡ska] is a town in central Poland, with 16,090 inhabitants (2022). It lies in the Łódź Voivodeship and is the capital of the Rawa County.

Rawa is a former medieval ducal seat of the Piast dynasty and an early modern provincial capital and royal city of Poland. From 1562 the city hosted the Rawa Treasury for the Polish army. It prospered thanks to its location on important trade routes, then in the 19th century it became a center of cloth manufacturing, and currently it is a center of the food and light industries. The town features heritage sites in a variety of styles, including Gothic, Baroque and Neoclassical and a regional museum.
Vernon Cunningham
Vernon "Little Hack" Cunningham, also listed as L. Cunningham, was an American baseball center fielder in the Negro leagues. He played with Pollock's Cuban Stars in 1933 and the Baltimore Black Sox in 1934.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.