hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attrition (erosion)
Attrition in geography is the process of erosion that occurs during rock collision and transportation. The transportation of sediment chips and smooths the surfaces of bedrock; this can be through water or wind. Rocks undergoing attrition erosion are often found on or near the bed of a stream. Attrition is also partially responsible for turning boulders into smaller rocks and eventually to sand.

Attrition erosion allows past and present geologic changes to be understood as well as paleogeomorphic environments to be interpreted. Researchers use particle shapes (a result of attrition) to study erosion and environmental changes.

Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is the solid rock that lies under weathered rock and unconsolidated or loose superficial deposits (together known as regolith) in the near surface part of Earth's crust or the crust of another terrestrial planet. The top of the bedrock is known as rockhead.
Cliff (surname)
Cliff is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Cliff (1878–1966), English amateur cricketer

Clarice Cliff (1899–1972), British ceramic artist

Dave Cliff (born 1944), British jazz musician

Ian Cliff (born 1952), British diplomat

Jimmy Cliff, stage name of Jamaican reggae singer and musician James Chambers (1944–2025)

John Cliff (trade unionist) (1883–1977), British transport executive

John Cliff (actor) (1918–2001), American actor

John MacFarlane Cliff (1921–1972), British physician

Leslie Cliff (figure skater) (1908–1969), British pair skater

Leslie Cliff (swimmer) (born 1955), Canadian swimmer

Michelle Cliff (1946–2016), Jamaican-American author

Nigel Cliff (born 1969), English historian, biographer and critic

Norman Cliff (born 1930), American psychology professor

Tony Cliff (1917–2000), Jewish Trotskyist activist

Leslie Cliff (figure skater)
Leslie Howard Talbot Cliff (5 June 1908 – 2 August 1969) was a British pair skater who competed with his wife, Violet Cliff.  The couple finished seventh at the 1936 Winter Olympics.  That same year, they won the silver medal at the European Figure Skating Championships and the bronze at the World Figure Skating Championships.  They won another bronze at the 1937 World Championships.
Anniston Moulders
The Anniston Moulders were a minor league baseball team based in Anniston, Alabama. From 1913 to 1917, the "Moulders" played as members of the Class D level Georgia–Alabama League. The team was immediately preceded by the 1911 and 1912 Anniston "Models," who played as members of the Class D level Southeastern League and the 1904 Anniston team of the independent Tennessee–Alabama League. Anniston won league championships in 1911 and 1917.

Baseball Hall of Fame charter member Ty Cobb played for Anniston in 1904, in his first professional season. Today, there are historical plaques in Anniston commemorating his season of play in the city.

The Anniston teams hosted home minor league games at the 14th Street Park, known today as Zinn Park.

Pop-Boy Smith
Clarence Ossie "Pop-Boy" Smith (May 23, 1892 – February 16, 1924) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for three seasons. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1913 and the Cleveland Indians from 1916 to 1917.
Mieszuki
Mieszuki [mjɛˈʂuki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszki, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

According to the 1921 census, the village was inhabited by 134 people, among whom 125 were Roman Catholic, 1 Orthodox, and 8 Mosaic. At the same time, 125 inhabitants declared Polish nationality, 1 Belarusian and 8 Jewish. There were 23 residential buildings in the village.

Bielsk County
Bielsk County (Polish: powiat bielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bielsk Podlaski, which lies 39 kilometres (24 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Brańsk, lying 25 km (16 mi) west of Bielsk Podlaski.

The county covers an area of 1,385.2 square kilometres (534.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 54,590, out of which the population of Bielsk Podlaski is 25,290, that of Brańsk is 3,767, and the rural population is 25,533.
Brochu
Brochu  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Brochu (born 1942), professor, poet, novelist and essayist from Quebec

Baptiste Brochu (born 1989), Canadian snowboarder

Claude Brochu (born 1944), Canadian businessman, former president of the Montreal Expos

Daniel Brochu, Canadian actor

Don Brochu, American film editor

Doug Brochu, American actor

Evelyne Brochu (born 1983), Canadian film, television and theatre actress

Lysette Brochu (born 1946), Canadian writer

Martin Brochu (born 1973), Canadian ice hockey player

Paul Brochu, drummer from Quebec, member of UZEB

Pierre Brochu, (1795–1871), Canadian settler, first inhabitant of the Matapedia Valley

Sophie Brochu (born 1963), Canadian economist and businesswoman

Yvon Brochu, (born 1949), Quebec writer

Martin Brochu
Martin Brochu (born March 10, 1973) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played briefly in the National Hockey League with the Washington Capitals, Vancouver Canucks, and Pittsburgh Penguins. He went winless in his nine-game NHL career.

As a youth, Brochu played in the 1985 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Pointe-aux-Trembles.
Men'll Be Boys
Men'll Be Boys is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Billy Dean. It was released in 1994 on Liberty Records as his final album for the label before Liberty's country music division was merged with Capitol Records Nashville. The album produced only two singles in "Cowboy Band" and "Men Will Be Boys", which respectively reached #24 and #60 on the Billboard country singles chart.

The album includes two cover songs: "I Will Be Here" had been released by Steven Curtis Chapman on his 1989 album More to This Life, and "Misery and Gin" had been released by Merle Haggard on his 1980 album Back to the Barrooms.

Steven Curtis Chapman
Steven Curtis Chapman (born November 21, 1962) is an American contemporary Christian music singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, author, and social activist.

Chapman began his career in the late 1980s as a songwriter and performer of contemporary Christian music and released over 25 albums. He has also won five Grammy Awards and 59 Gospel Music Association Dove Awards, more Dove awards than any other artist in history. His seven "Artist of the Year" Dove Awards are also an industry record. As of 2022, Chapman has sold more than 16 million albums and has 10 RIAA-certified Gold or Platinum albums.

On July 27, 2024, he was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry by Ricky Skaggs.
Hugh Quarshie
Hugh Anthony Quarshie (born 22 December 1954) is a Ghanaian-born British actor. He is known for his long-running role as Ric Griffin on the BBC One medical drama Holby City (2001–20), and for playing Captain Panaka in the Star Wars film Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999).

He is also known for stage roles with the Royal Shakespeare Company, of which he has been a member since 1981 and an associate since 2005. His film work includes Highlander, Nightbreed and Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald. In 1987, he was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor and in 2022 he was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor for playing Neville Lawrence in Stephen (2021). He has also won a Critics' Circle Theatre Award and an Emmy Award.

2022 British Academy Television Awards
The 2022 British Academy Television Awards were held on 8 May 2022 at the Royal Festival Hall in London, to recognise the excellence in British television of 2021. The nominations were announced on 30 March 2022 alongside the nominations for the 2022 British Academy Television Craft Awards. The nominees for Must-See Moment, voted on by the public, were announced on 23 March 2022.

It was the first awards ceremony since the 2019 edition to be held with an in-person audience. Richard Ayoade returned as host for the third consecutive year.

It was also the first awards ceremony to be held in its usual May slot.

Though It's a Sin was nominated for the most awards, with seven, including three in the same category (Best Supporting Actor), it won none. Three series won multiple awards: Big Zuu's Big Eats, Help, and Time each won two. Including Craft Awards, Landscapers was also nominated for seven awards; it won three (all Craft).
Royal Guard (Bahrain)
The Royal Guard (Arabic: الحرس الملكي) of Bahrain is a unit of the Bahrain Defence Force. In June 2011, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa appointed his 36-year-old son Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa as the commander of the Royal Guard.

Opposition political leader Ali Salman claimed in 2009 that "no Shi'ites have been recruited to work in the Royal Guard even though they make up over half of the population."

King of Bahrain
The King of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: ملك مملكة البحرين Malik Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn) is the monarch and head of state of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The House of Khalifa has been the ruling family of the country since the 1783 Arab invasion that led to the end of Persian rule in Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of hakim, and, from 1971 until 2002, the title of emir. On 14 February 2002, the emir of Bahrain, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, declared Bahrain a kingdom and proclaimed himself the first king. The king enjoys wide-ranging powers, which include appointing the prime minister and the cabinet, holding supreme command over the Defence Force, chairing the Higher Judicial Council, appointing the parliament's upper house and dissolving its elected lower house.
Thomas Herlihy
Thomas J. Herlihy, Jr. (November 29, 1956 – May 8, 2015) was an American politician and businessman. Herlihy, a Republican, was a resident of Simsbury, Connecticut. He was sworn in as a member of Simsbury's Board of Selectmen on December 7, 2009. Herlihy was the State Senator for the 8th Senatorial District from 1999 to 2009, representing the northwest suburbs of Hartford in the Farmington Valley and Litchfield County in the Connecticut Senate, including the towns of Avon, Barkhamsted, Canton, Colebrook, Granby, Hartland, Harwinton, New Hartford, Norfolk, Simsbury, and Torrington.

Canton, Connecticut
Canton is a town, incorporated in 1806, located in the Farmington Valley of Connecticut in the United States. It is part of Connecticut's Capitol Planning Region and the population was 10,124 as of the 2020 census. It is bordered by Granby on the north, Simsbury on the east, Avon and Burlington on the south, New Hartford on the west, and Barkhamsted on the northwest. Running through it is the Farmington River. The town includes the villages of North Canton, Canton Center, Canton (Canton Valley), and Collinsville. In September 2007, Collinsville was ranked in Budget Travel magazine as one of the "Ten Coolest Small Towns In America".
David E. Goldman
David E. Goldman (David Eliot Goldman, 1910–1998) was a scientist famous for the Goldman equation which he derived for his doctorate degree in 1943 at Columbia University working with Kenneth Cole.

In the 1950s, while employed by the United States Navy, he was part of the CHABA (Committee on hearing and bioacoustics) team, which looked at the human effects of high-intensity noise. He became an early proponent of protection against loud noise and vibration. His son Dr. James Eliot Goldman is a scientist and neuropathologist.

Neuropathology
Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies. Neuropathologists usually work in a department of anatomic pathology, but work closely with the clinical disciplines of neurology, and neurosurgery, which often depend on neuropathology for a diagnosis. Neuropathology also relates to forensic pathology because brain disease or brain injury can be related to cause of death. Neuropathology should not be confused with neuropathy, which refers to disorders of the nerves themselves (usually in the peripheral nervous system) rather than the tissues. In neuropathology, the branches of the specializations of nervous system as well as the tissues come together into one field of study.
Banksia oligantha
Banksia oligantha, commonly known as Wagin banksia, is an endangered species in the plant family Proteaceae endemic to south west Western Australia. It belongs to Banksia subg. Isostylis, a subgenus of three closely related Banksia species with dome-shaped heads as inflorescences, rather than characteristic Banksia flower spikes. A shrub or small tree up to 4 m (13 ft) high, it has prickly foliage and pink and cream flowerheads which appear in late Spring (October to December).

First collected in 1984 near the wheatbelt town of Wagin, Banksia oligantha was officially described in 1987 by Australian botanist Alex George. Several scattered populations survive in fragments of remnant bushland in a region which has been mostly cleared for agriculture. It has been listed as Declared Rare Flora by the Western Australian Government.

Wheatbelt (Western Australia)
The Wheatbelt is one of nine regions of Western Australia defined as administrative areas for the state's regional development, and a vernacular term for the area converted to agriculture during colonisation. It partially surrounds the Perth metropolitan area, extending north from Perth to the Mid West region, and east to the Goldfields–Esperance region.  It is bordered to the south by the South West and Great Southern regions, and to the west by the Indian Ocean, the Perth metropolitan area, and the Peel region.  Altogether, it has an area of 154,862 square kilometres (59,793 sq mi) (including islands).

The region has 42 local government authorities, with an estimated population of 75,000 residents. The Wheatbelt accounts for approximately three per cent of Western Australia's population.
Jonathan Perzley
Jonathan Perzley is an American sports agent and partner at Sportstars, Inc., known for representing professional football players in the National Football League (NFL). He has been an NFLPA-certified contract advisor since 2007.

D'Qwell Jackson
D'Qwell Jackson (/dəˈkwɛl/; born September 26, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Maryland Terrapins, and was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the second round of the 2006 NFL draft. He also played for the Indianapolis Colts.
Perry State Park
Perry State Park is a state park located in Jefferson County, near Ozawkie, Kansas, United States, 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Topeka.

The state park features camping, a beach, hiking and a fishing and boating area. Perry State Park was established in 1968 after an agreement was made between the Kansas Parks and Resources and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Jefferson County, Kansas
Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Oskaloosa.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 18,368.  The county was named after Thomas Jefferson, the 3rd president of the United States.
Bongwater (novel)
Bongwater is a 1995 American debut novel by Michael Hornburg. Utilizing two different narrative perspectives, it follows a drug dealer and his counterculture friends in Portland, Oregon, as well as his tempestuous ex-girlfriend who has fled to New York City after the dissolution of their short-lived relationship.

The novel was adapted into a 1998 film of the same name starring Luke Wilson, Alicia Witt, and Brittany Murphy.

Luke Wilson
Luke Cunningham Wilson (born September 21, 1971)  is an American actor. He is best known for his work with filmmaker Wes Anderson, appearing in Anderson's Bottle Rocket (1996), Rushmore (1998) and The Royal Tenenbaums (2001). 
Wilson is also known as part of the Frat Pack, with whom he has starred in comedic films Bongwater (1997), The Third Wheel (2002), Old School (2003), Tenure (2009) and The Wendell Baker Story (2005), which he also co-directed.

His other prominent film roles have included Blue Streak (1999), My Dog Skip (2000), Legally Blonde (2001), My Super Ex-Girlfriend (2006), Idiocracy (2006), You Kill Me (2007), The Skeleton Twins (2014), Meadowland (2015) and Brad's Status (2017).

On television, Wilson played Casey Kelso on That '70s Show (2002–2005), Levi Callow on Enlightened (2011–2013) and Pat Dugan / S.T.R.I.P.E. on Stargirl (2020–2022). He is the younger brother of actors Andrew and Owen Wilson.
The British Curry Awards
The British Curry Awards was an awards dinner, held annually from 2015 to 2022, and dedicated to the British curry industry. It was established in 2005 by Enam Ali Each individual award is split for geographic purposes – regional splits of Scotland, North West, North East, Midlands, Wales, South East, South West, London Central and City, and London Suburbs – and expertise. The awards themselves are in association with JustEat.com, an online food delivery service.

London Central
London Central is a bus operator brand under London General Transport Services Limited, trading as Go-Ahead London. It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and primarily operates services in South London under contract to Transport for London.
U to U
U to U, sometimes labeled as U-2-U, is a Nickelodeon television series that aired weekly from 1994 to 1996. The show focused on displaying viewer-submitted work and ideas in their "Straight From U" segment where viewers were able to submit their work via mail, e-mail, fax, or telephone.

The show included short stories and comic strips written by viewers that were turned into animated shorts, and songs that were written and made into music videos. The interaction of series allowed viewers to play games over the phone, ask questions to celebrities, meet pen pals from other countries, and read letters aloud.

The show also featured an online presence in the Prodigy Internet service where viewers could create and send content for show consideration as well as participate in bulletin board conversations.

Prodigy (online service)
Prodigy Communications Corporation was an online service from 1984 to 2001 that offered its subscribers access to a broad range of networked services. It was one of the major internet service providers of the 1990s.

The company claimed it was the first consumer online service, citing its graphical user interface and basic architecture as differentiation from CompuServe, which started in 1979 and used a command-line interface. Prodigy was described by the New York Times as "family-oriented" and one of "the Big Three information services" in 1994. By 1990, it was the second-largest online service provider with 465,000 subscribers, trailing only CompuServe's 600,000. In 1993 it was the largest.

In 2001, it was acquired by SBC Communications, which in 2005 became the present iteration of AT&T. The Mexican branch of Prodigy, however, was acquired by Telmex.
Arginine 2-monooxygenase
Arginine 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.13.12.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-arginine + O2  4-guanidinobutanamide + CO2 + H2O

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-arginine and oxygen, whereas its 3 products are 4-guanidinobutanamide, carbon dioxide, and water.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-arginine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). Other names in common use include arginine monooxygenase, arginine decarboxylase, arginine oxygenase (decarboxylating), and arginine decarboxy-oxidase.  This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.  It has one cofactor: the flavin FAD.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
Kaiku
Kaiku (UCI team code: KAI) was a Spanish UCI Professional Continental cycling team based in the Basque country that participated in UCI Continental Circuits races and when selected as a wildcard to UCI ProTour events.

The team was managed by Eneko Garate with assistance from directeur sportifs Óscar Guerrero, Juan Hernández and Juan Campos.

The lead sponsor, Kaiku Corporación Alimentaria, is a Basque country dairy products company in which Caja Rural de Navarra at one time held a financial stake.

In its first season, 2005, Kaiku, a.k.a. "Kaiku–Caja Rural", was formed from Caja Rural's amateur team. Kaiku Corporación had in the previous 22 years sponsored amateur teams that had featured riders who later became famous, such as Juan Antonio Flecha, Joseba Beloki, Juan Carlos Domínguez, Miguel Ángel Martín Perdiguero, Mikel Zarrabeitia, and Abraham Olano, but the company had not sponsored any team in the previous 5 years.

Abraham Olano
Abraham Olano Manzano (born 22 January 1970) is a Spanish retired professional road racing cyclist, who raced as a professional from 1992 to 2002. He won the World Road Championship in 1995, and the World Time Trial Championship in 1998, becoming the first male cyclist to win both.

He won Vuelta a España in 1998, was second in 1995, made it twice to the final podium at Giro d'Italia (third in 1996 and second in 2001), and placed three times in the top-ten at Tour de France, with the fourth place in 1997 as his personal best. In total he won six stages in the Vuelta and one in the Tour, all of them time trials.

Olano was also double Spanish Champion in both road (1994) and time trial (1994 and 1998), olympic silver medalist in time trial in Atlanta 1996 and winner of several shorter stage races, like Tour of Romandie in 1996 and Critérium International and Tirreno–Adriatico in 2000.
Coat of arms of Saxony
The coat of arms of the present-day German free state of Saxony shows a tenfold horizontally-partitioned (Barry of ten) field of black (sable) and gold/yellow (or) stripes, charged with a green (vert) crancelin (a stylized common rue) running from the viewer's top-left to bottom-right (in bend). Although the crancelin is sometimes shown bent (embowed) like a crown, this is due to artistic license. The coat of arms is also displayed on the state flag of Saxony.

The Coat of Arms of Liechtenstein includes the similar arms of the Kuenring family. It has no connection to the arms of Saxony.

Bend (heraldry)
In heraldry, a bend is a band or strap running from the upper dexter (the bearer's right side and the viewer's left) corner of the shield to the lower sinister (the bearer's left side, and the viewer's right). Authorities differ as to how much of the field it should cover, ranging from one-fifth (if shown between other charges) up to one-third (if charged alone).