hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niall Ferguson bibliography
The bibliography of Niall Ferguson, a Scottish historian based in the United States who is the Milbank Family Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and a Senior Faculty Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University. Previously, he was a professor at Harvard, the London School of Economics and New York University, a visiting professor at the UK New College of the Humanities, and a senior research fellow at Jesus College, Oxford, England.

Ferguson writes and lectures on international history, economic and financial history and British and American imperialism.

He has written more than a dozen books.

World history (field)
World history or global history as a field of historical study examines history from a global perspective. It emerged centuries ago; some leading practitioners have included Voltaire (1694–1778), Hegel (1770–1831), Karl Marx (1818–1883), Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), and Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975). The field became much more active (in terms of university teaching, textbooks, scholarly journals, and academic associations) in the late 20th century.

It is not to be confused with comparative history, which, like world history, deals with the history of multiple cultures and nations, but does not do so on a global scale. World historians use a thematic approach, with two major focal points: integration (how processes of world history have drawn people of the world together) and difference (how patterns of world history reveal the diversity of the human experience).
International Society for Analysis, its Applications and Computation
The International Society for Analysis, its Applications and Computation (ISAAC) was founded at the University of Delaware in 1996 and is dedicated to the promotion of mathematical analysis and its applications. It has organized international congresses biannually since 1996 and supported regional conferences in various fields of analysis in developing countries since then. The society has members from all continents. Robert Gilbert (University of Delaware), Heinrich Begehr (Free University Berlin), MW Wong (York University), Michael Ruzhansky (Imperial College London), Luigi Rodino (University of Turin) and Michael Reissig (TU Bergakademie Freiberg) served as its past presidents. 

The current president is Uwe Kähler (University of Aveiro).

University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training.
2149: The Aftermath
2149: The Aftermath (also known as ESC, Darwin, and Confinement) is a Canadian science fiction film directed by Benjamin Duffield and written by Robert Higden. The film stars Molly Parker, Nick Krause, Juliette Gosselin, Cassidy Marlene Jaggard, Jordyn Negri, and Daniel DiVenere.

Principal photography on the film commenced June 2014 in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, and wrapped-up July 2014. Suki Films is producing the film with Nortario Films, based in Greater Sudbury. The film was financed by Telefilm Canada, the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation, the Ontario Media Development Corporation, and the Harold Greenberg Fund. It was released summer 2016.

Northern Ontario Heritage Fund
The Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation (NOHFC) is a Crown corporation and development agency of the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines in the Canadian province of Ontario, whose purpose is to provide funding and program support to foster economic development in the economically disadvantaged Northern Ontario region.

The NOHFC concentrates on six key funding programs: job creation, technology research and development, infrastructure and community development, youth entrepreneurship, youth internship and cooperative education, and generation and conservation of renewable energy.
Enid Roller Girls
The Enid Roller Girls (ERG) was a women's flat track roller derby league based in Enid, Oklahoma. Founded in 2010, the league consisted of a single team, which competed against teams from other leagues, and was a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Roller derby
Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams.  Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring.
The Jazz Fool
The Jazz Fool is a 1929 American animated short film. It is the twelfth film of the Mickey Mouse film series. It was the twelfth Mickey Mouse short to be produced, the ninth of that year. It was released on October 15, 1929 by Celebrity Productions. Columbia Pictures reissued the film after Walt Disney Productions switched distributors.

The cartoon's title combines the titles of two Al Jolson films: The Jazz Singer (1927) and The Singing Fool (1928). An early version of Horace Horsecollar appears, but is not yet the anthropomorphized character that he later evolves into.

The only dialogue is Mickey singing to a tune using "dohs".

The Singing Fool
The Singing Fool is a 1928 American sound part-talkie musical drama motion picture directed by Lloyd Bacon which was released by Warner Bros. Pictures In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. The soundtrack was recorded using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc system. The film stars Al Jolson and is a follow-up to his previous film, The Jazz Singer. It is credited with helping to cement the popularity of American films of both sound and the musical genre. The film entered the public domain on January 1, 2024.
Overseas China Education Foundation
Overseas China Education Foundation (OCEF) is an independent, non-political, non-religious and non-profit charity organization, founded in October 1992 by a group of Chinese students and scholars in California. Formerly known as SOS China Education Fund (SOSCEF), OCEF changed to its current name and was registered in Texas in April 2001 as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. OCEF's sole mission is to help underprivileged children in impoverished rural areas of China receive education and improve the quality of education in rural China.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Eddie Vinson
Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson (born Edward L. Vinson Jr.; December 18, 1917 – July 2, 1988) was an American jump blues, jazz, bebop and R&B alto saxophonist and blues shouter. He was nicknamed "Cleanhead" after an incident in which his hair was accidentally removed by lye contained in a hair-straightening product, necessitating shaving it off; enamoured of the look, Vinson maintained a shaved head thereafter. Music critic Robert Christgau has called Vinson "one of the cleanest, and nastiest, blues voices you'll ever hear."

Hair straightening
Hair straightening is a hair styling technique used since the 1890s involving the flattening and straightening of hair in order to give it a smooth, streamlined, and sleek appearance. It became very popular during the 1950s among black men and among women of all races. It is accomplished using a hair iron or hot comb, chemical relaxers, Japanese hair straightening, Brazilian hair straightening, or roller set/blowdryer styling. In addition, some shampoos, conditioners, and hair gels can help to make hair temporarily straight.

The process is often called "rebonding" in some countries from Southeast Asia (e.g. Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Philippines). If done often, flat irons and chemicals can be damaging to hair. Excessive straightening often results in split ends. However, heat protectant sprays can decrease the damage.
Collie, Western Australia
Collie is a town in the South West region of Western Australia, 213 kilometres (132 mi) south of the state capital, Perth, and 59 kilometres (37 mi) inland from the regional city and port of Bunbury. It is near the junction of the Collie and Harris Rivers, in the middle of dense jarrah forest and the only coalfields in Western Australia. At the 2021 census, Collie had a population of 7,599.

Collie is mainly known as a coal-producing centre, but also offers industrial, agricultural and aquaculture tourism industries. Muja Power Station is located 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-east, Collie Power Station is 5 kilometres (3 mi) east, and Bluewaters Power Station is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the town. To its west is the Wellington Dam, a popular location for fishing, swimming and boating.

Bunbury, Western Australia
Bunbury (/ˈbʌnbəɹɪ/ BUN-bə-REE; Noongar: Goomburrup) is a coastal city in the Australian state of Western Australia, approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. It is the state's third most populous city after Perth and Mandurah, with a population of approximately 75,000.

Located at the south of the Leschenault Estuary, Bunbury was established in 1836 on the orders of Governor James Stirling, A port was constructed on the existing natural harbour soon after, and eventually became the main port for the wider South West region. Further economic growth was fuelled by completion of the South Western Railway in 1893, which linked Bunbury with Perth.

Greater Bunbury includes four local government areas (the City of Bunbury and the shires of Capel, Dardanup, and Harvey), and extends between Yarloop in the north, Boyanup to the south and Capel to the southwest.
Eli Rygg
Eli Rygg (born 22 September 1955) is a Norwegian television personality and children's writer.

She grew up in Veblungsnes and moved to Levanger at the age of 12. She attended folk high school in Skogn Municipality and Inderøy Municipality. She had a daughter as a teenager (in 1973), and studied domestic science and childcare in Skatval, and thereafter found work in Stjørdal Municipality. In 1985 she moved to Oslo as she was drafted by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation to star in the children's television show Portveien 2. In 1987 she was awarded the Se og Hør readers' TV personality of the year award.

She later hosted Teodors julekalender and Frokost-TV on NRK1, Barn ingen hindring on NRK2 and the radio show Revehiet on P4 Radio Hele Norge. She has written several children's books, and has read fairytales for a live audience, among others with backing by Concerts Norway.

She resides in Son.

Se og Hør
Se og Hør (Danish: [ˈseˀ ʌ ˈhɶɐ̯], Norwegian: [ˈseː ɔ ˈhøːr]) / Se & Hör (Swedish: [ˈseː ɔ ˈhœːr]; "See and Hear") is a TV guide and celebrity journalism magazine published in three independent versions in Denmark, Norway and Sweden by the Danish company Aller Media. The Danish version is the oldest. The Danish and Swedish editions are published weekly; the Norwegian, the largest of the three, twice a week. It is the largest circulation illustrated weekly in all three countries; the Norwegian version has sometimes had the largest weekly circulation in Scandinavia.
Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House
Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House (Welsh: Senedd-dy Owain Glyndŵr) was traditionally the building where Owain Glyndŵr held a parliament after being crowned Prince of Wales in 1404. However, the origin of the building is probably later. The existing building may be 15th century in origin, but has been extensively rebuilt, particularly by David Davies of Llandinam, who purchased it in 1906. It was opened on 20 February 1912 to provide a social centre for the town. The present rubble exterior is an interpretation of its 15th-century appearance, probably by the architect Frank Shayler, who may also have designed the adjacent Glyndŵr Institute.

Llandinam
Llandinam (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village and community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, central Wales, between Newtown and Llanidloes, located on the A470. As a community, Llandinam is made up of the village itself, small hamlets including Plas Dinam and Little London and several farms. The village itself has a population of around 576 with 56% born in Wales.
Francesca Vanini-Boschi
Francesca Vanini-Boschi (died 1744) was an Italian contralto singer of the 18th century. She is best remembered for her association with the composer George Frideric Handel, for whom she sang both in Italy and in London.

Vanini was born in Bologna, Papal States. As well as singing for Handel, she also sang in operas by Alessandro Scarlatti and Giovanni Bononcini. She frequently sang alongside her husband, the bass Giuseppe Maria Boschi. Her two Handel roles were those of Otho in Agrippina and Goffredo in Rinaldo; these roles use only a limited range and tessitura. After Rinaldo her voice began to decline, but earlier Giuseppe Felice Tosi had praised her for her ability to introduce "Graces without transgressing against Time". She died in Venice.

Giovanni Bononcini
Giovanni Bononcini (or Buononcini) (18 July 1670 – 9 July 1747) (sometimes cited also as Giovanni Battista Bononcini)  was an Italian Baroque composer, cellist, singer and teacher, one of a family of string players and composers. He was a rival to George Frederic Handel.
Aliabad, Hajjiabad
Aliabad (Persian: علي اباد, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Tarom Rural District, in the Central District of Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146, in 35 families.

Hajjiabad County
Hajjiabad County (Persian: شهرستان حاجی‌آباد) is in Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Hajjiabad, about 100 km north of Bandar Abbas (the capital of the province), and best known for its citrus produce.
Agave fourcroydes
Agave fourcroydes or henequen is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is reportedly naturalized in Madeira, Italy, the Canary Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Cayman Islands and the Lesser Antilles.

Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (/əsˌpærəˈɡeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.  This family includes both common garden plants as well as common houseplants.  The garden plants include asparagus, yucca, bluebell, lily of the valley, and hosta, and the houseplants include snake plant, corn cane, spider plant, and plumosus fern.

The Asparagaceae is a morphologically heterogenous family with the included species varying widely in their appearance and growth form. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with genera and species contained in the family native to all continents except Antarctica.
Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council
The Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council (abbreviated as PVMC) (Urdu: ہیئتِ پاکستان برائے معالجہِ بیطار) is a statutory regulatory body for accreditation of veterinary education and registration of veterinary practitioners in Pakistan. It was established in 1999 under the Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council Act, 1996. Its headquarters is located in Islamabad.

Media reports in December 2018 stated the government had informed the PVMC of establishment of a new working group that would help modernise the country’s livestock handling capabilities.

Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous jurisdiction over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity. Examples of responsibilities include strengthening safety and standards, and/or to protect consumers in markets where there is a lack of effective competition. Examples of regulatory agencies that enforce standards include the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom; and, in the case of economic regulation, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India.
Thomas Fones
Thomas Fones (died 1638) (later Fownes) of the parish of St Andrew's in the City of Plymouth in Devon, was a merchant who served as Mayor of Plymouth in 1610 and 1619. He was the first of his family to have settled in Devon, and his descendants rose to prominence as members of the Devonshire gentry and as Members of Parliament. In 1746 his great-great-great-grandson Henry Fownes Luttrell (c.1722-1780), High Sheriff of Somerset from 1754 to 1755, and a Member of Parliament for  Minehead from 1768 to 1774, married the heiress Margaret Luttrell, and inherited Dunster Castle in Somerset with the extensive Lutterell estates and added his wife's name to his own to comply with the terms of her father's will. He built almshouses near the Great Hill in Plymouth.

Margaret Fownes-Luttrell
Margaret Fownes-Luttrell (7 February 1726 – 13 August 1766) was a British heiress, the wife of Henry Fownes Luttrell. She was the heiress of Dunster Castle, under the stipulation in her father's will that her husband should take the additional surname of Luttrell. Four portraits of her exist in Dunster castle and a fifth at Bathealton Court.
Kim Lammers
Kim Lammers (born 21 April 1981) is a Dutch field hockey player who plays as a striker for Dutch club Laren and the Netherlands national team. She was part of the Dutch squad that became world champions at the 2006 Women's Hockey World Cup and won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

In 2021, she appeared on the television show De Verraders.

Netherlands women's national field hockey team
The Netherlands' national women's field hockey team is currently number one on the International Hockey Federation (FIH) world rankings and the reigning world champion. The Netherlands is the most successful team in World Cup history, having won the title a record nine times. The team has also won ten Olympic medals.
BGO
BGO can refer to:

Bismuth germanate, a scintillating chemical compound

BGO Records (Beat Goes On), a British record label

Battlestar Galactica Online, an MMO by Bigpoint

Bergen Airport, Flesland (IATA: BGO) in Bergen, Norway

Burke-Gaffney Observatory, at Saint Mary's University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Battlestar Galactica Online
Battlestar Galactica Online was a browser-based massively multiplayer online game (MMO) loosely based on the 2004 television series Battlestar Galactica. Released in open beta on February 8, 2011, it was developed by Bigpoint Games and Artplant using the Unity game engine for the game client in the browser. The game server was written in Erlang. In less than three months of release, the game surpassed two million registered users.

Bigpoint announced in early January 2019 that the game servers would be closed at the end of the month, and the game permanently shut down in the early morning hours of February 1, 2019.
Ruff Cutts
Ruff Cutts is an EP by American heavy metal band Twisted Sister, released by Secret in 1982.

In 2011, the complete EP was remastered and included as bonus tracks on the 2011 Eagle Rock Entertainment special edition CD/DVD release of Under the Blade.

Under the Blade (song)
"Under the Blade" is a song by American heavy metal band Twisted Sister that appears as the B-side on their debut single, "I'll Never Grow Up, Now!" (1979). Continuing the band's departure from glam rock, the song is NWOBHM-influenced with raw production from Eddie Kramer. The lyrics, by frontman Dee Snider, are about guitarist Eddie Ojeda's fear of surgery, but were misinterpreted by the Parents Music Resource Center as being about sadomasochism, bondage, and rape.

The song was rerecorded as the title track on the band's debut studio album, Under the Blade (1982), produced by UFO/Waysted bassist Pete Way. While not released as a single, the song was a staple of Twisted Sister's live concerts, and was featured on many live and compilation albums.
The Lying Life of Adults (TV series)
The Lying Life of Adults (Italian: La vita bugiarda degli adulti) is an Italian and Neapolitan-language coming-of-age drama television series created by Edoardo De Angelis, based on the 2019 novel of the same name by Elena Ferrante. It was released internationally by Netflix on 4 January 2023.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Andy Skoog
Andy Skoog was a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives representing the 76th district from his appointment in December 2015 to replace Frank Mautino until his loss in the 2016 election to Jerry Lee Long. The 76th district includes Granville, Putnam, Ottawa, LaSalle, Peru, Spring Valley, Oglesby, Streator and Marseilles.

Prior to his tenure in the House, he was the La Salle County Circuit Clerk and before that a member of the North Utica Board of Trustees.

Peru, Illinois
Peru is a city in LaSalle and Bureau counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,896 at the 2020 census, down from 10,295 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.  Peru and its twin city, LaSalle, make up the core of Illinois Valley.