hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1981 Humberside County Council election
The 1981 Humberside County Council election was held on Thursday, 7 May. Following boundary changes to the county's electoral divisions, the whole council of 75 members was up for election. The Labour Party regained control of the council from the Conservative Party, winning 42 seats.

Humberside was created as a non-metropolitan county in England by the Local Government Act 1972, with the first elections to the county council taking place in 1973. It was abolished on 1 April 1996 and replaced by East Riding of Yorkshire, Kingston upon Hull, North East Lincolnshire and North Lincolnshire.

North East Lincolnshire
North East Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area with borough status in Lincolnshire, England. It borders the borough of North Lincolnshire and districts of West Lindsey and East Lindsey. The population of the district in the 2011 Census was 159,616. The administrative centre and largest settlement is Grimsby and the borough includes the towns of Cleethorpes and Immingham as well as the villages of New Waltham, Waltham, Humberston, Healing and Great Coates. The borough is also home to the Port of Grimsby and Port of Immingham as well as Cleethorpes beach.
Medical Faculty Associates
The George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates (MFA) is a non-profit 501(c)3 physician group practice affiliated with the George Washington University. The MFA group practice is made up of academic clinical faculty of the GW Medical School. As of 2015, the group had more than 750 physicians providing medical services to the Washington DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland areas. The GW Medical Faculty Associates offers over 51 specialty areas of care. The organization is a partner with the George Washington University Hospital and the School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

Robert Kelly became CEO in January 2017 and left in 2020. Stephen Badger left the post in September 2015 after 16 years with MFA. Barbara L. Bass was CEO from 2020-2024 and was succeeded by William "Bill" Elliott in October 2024.

George Washington University Hospital
The George Washington University Hospital (GWUH) is a short-stay hospital in Washington, D.C. affiliated with the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Since 2022, the hospital has been wholly owned and operated by Universal Health Services, though it maintains significant ties with George Washington University (GWU).

The current 400,000 ft2 (37,200 m2) facility was opened on August 23, 2002. It has 395 beds, holds over $45 million worth of medical equipment, and cost over $96 million to construct. The hospital is licensed by the District of Columbia Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs and accredited by the U.S. Joint Commission.

Kimberly (Kim) Russo was the chief executive officer of GWUH from June 2016, until she stepped down in April 2025. She previously served as the chief operating officer for seven years. GWU's plans to fill the position are currently unknown.
2007 World Music Awards
The 2007 World Music Awards (19th annual World Music Awards) was held November 4, 2007 in Monaco for the first time in several years. Awards were presented based on record sales rather than any vote.  All proceeds from the evening were donated to the construction of a hospital in Darfur.  The show was hosted by Julian McMahon.  Performers included Nightwish, Akon, Amr Diab, Avril Lavigne, Cascada, Céline Dion, Ciara, Laura Pausini, Maná and Rihanna.

Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.
Moral Minds
Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong is a 2006 book by former Harvard psychologist Marc Hauser in which he develops an empirically grounded theory to explain morality as a universal grammar. He draws evidence from evolutionary biology, moral and political philosophy, primatology, linguistics, and anthropology.

Hauser uses artificial moral dilemmas as a research strategy. The reason is that people already have moral judgments of real world cases such as abortion and euthanasia, so there is no intuition left. In artificial moral dilemmas intuition plays an important role. A second advantage of artificial cases is that they can be subtly modified to allow observation of their effects on people's moral judgments. There is an internet version of the test called the Moral Sense Test which is aimed at a worldwide public.

Universal grammar
Universal grammar (UG), in modern linguistics, is the theory of the innate biological component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky. The basic postulate of UG is that there are innate constraints on what the grammar of a possible human language could be. When linguistic stimuli are received in the course of language acquisition, children then adopt specific syntactic rules that conform to UG. The advocates of this theory emphasize and partially rely on the poverty of the stimulus (POS) argument and the existence of some universal properties of natural human languages. However, the latter has not been firmly established.

Other linguists have opposed that notion, arguing that languages are so diverse that the postulated universality is rare. The theory of universal grammar remains a subject of debate among linguists.
Joachim Walltin
Joachim Walltin (born 25 June 1974) was a Norwegian football player.

Walltin was midfielder before he retired. He played for Markaryd, Strindheim, Vålerenga and Brann before he joined Tromsø in 2005. He retired from professional football in 2007.

After his retirement, he worked for PwC. Later, he spent ten years at a football player union in Norway called NISO.

Since 2020, he has been working as General Secretary at FIFPRO.

He has also been a board member of EU Athletes since 2021.

Tromsø IL
Tromsø Idrettslag (Northern Sami: Romssa Valáštallansearvi) is a Norwegian professional football club based in Tromsø. They play their home games at the Romssa Arena which has a seating capacity of 6,801. Tromsø play in the Eliteserien.

Despite never winning the Eliteserien title, they have finished as runner-up in 1990 and 2011. They have won the Norwegian Cup twice: in 1986 and 1996, and were runner-up in 2012. Their wins make them the northernmost football club in the world to have won a national title. Tromsø has competed in several UEFA competitions: the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Intertoto Cup, and UEFA Europa League.
The Big Dream (film)
The Big Dream (Italian: Il grande sogno) is a 2009 Italian drama film directed by Michele Placido. It entered the main competition at the 66th Venice International Film Festival, in which Jasmine Trinca won the Marcello Mastroianni Award.

Michele Placido
Michele Placido (Italian: [miˈkɛːle ˈplaːtʃido]; born 19 May 1946) is an Italian actor, director and screenwriter. He began his career on stage, and first gained mainstream attention through a series of roles in films directed by the likes of Mario Monicelli and Marco Bellocchio, winning the Berlinale's Silver Bear for Best Actor for his performance in the 1979 film Ernesto. He is known internationally for portraying police inspector Corrado Cattani on the crime drama television series La piovra (1984–2001). Placido's directorial debut, Pummarò, was screened Un Certain Regard at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. Three of his films have competed for the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. He is a five-time Nastro d'Argento and four-time David di Donatello winner. In 2021, Placido was appointed President of the Teatro Comunale in Ferrara.
Ağaoğlu
Ağaoğlu is a Turkish surname. People with the surname include:

Adalet Ağaoğlu (1929–2020), Turkish novelist

Ahmet Ağaoğlu (1869–1939), Azerbaijani and Turkish publicist and journalist

Ali Ağaoğlu (born 1954), Turkish businessman

Burak Ağaoğlu (born 1999), Turkish football player

Onur Ağaoğlu (born 1990), Turkish architect and author

Samet Ağaoğlu (1909–1982), Turkish politician

Süreyya Ağaoğlu (1903–1989), Turkish writer

Yeşim Ağaoğlu (born 1966), Turkish artist

Samet Ağaoğlu
Samet Ağaoğlu (1909 – 6 August 1982) was a Turkish–Azerbaijani writer and politician. He was the son of the famous Azerbaijani and naturalized Turkish politician, publicist and journalist Ahmet Agaoğlu.
Halshany
Halshany is an agrotown in Ashmyany District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Halshany selsoviet.

It is known as the former seat of the Olshansky princely family and the location of the ruined Halshany Castle.

Grodno region
Grodno Region, also known as Grodno Oblast or Hrodna Voblasts, is a region of Belarus. Its administrative centre and its namesake, Grodno, is the largest city in the whole region. As of 2024, it has a population of 992,556.

Located in western Belarus, it lies on the Neman River. The region borders the Minsk region to the east, the Brest region to the south, Poland (Podlaskie Voivodeship) to the west and the Vitebsk region and Lithuania (Alytus and Vilnius counties) to the north.
Roger Lambrecht (cyclist)
Roger Lambrecht (1 January 1916 – 4 August 1979) was a Belgian road bicycle racer. He rode professionally from 1945 to 1954 and won 18 races, which included two stages of the 1948 and 1949 Tour de France; he wore the yellow jersey for two stages in 1948 and one stage in 1949.

1949 Tour de France
The 1949 Tour de France was the 36th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 24 July. It consisted of 21 stages over 4,808 km (2,988 mi).

The Italian team had internal problems, because Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi could both be the team leader. During the selection procedure, Coppi almost refused to start the race, but he was convinced to start. During the race, Coppi almost pulled out, because he felt he did not have full support from the team captain. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. The race was won by Coppi, with second place taken by teammate Bartali, the winner of the previous year. Coppi also won the mountains classification, while his Italian team won the team classification.
Bahlika (king)
Bahlika (Sanskrit: बाह्लिक), also spelled Vahlika or Balhika, was a king of the Bahlika kingdom mentioned in Hindu literature, most notably the Mahabharata. He was the second son of King Pratipa of the Lunar dynasty and the elder brother of Shantanu, who later became the king of Kuru Kingdom and the father of Bhishma. Bahlika was also a prominent elder of the Kaurava lineage and participated in the events leading up to and during the Kurukshetra War.

Lunar dynasty
The Lunar dynasty (IAST: Candravaṃśa) is a lineage or dynasty which claims to be descended from Chandra or Soma (the Hindu lunar deity).

According to the Shatapatha Brahmana, Pururavas was the son of Budha (himself often described as the son of Soma) and the gender-switching deity Ila (born as the daughter of Manu). Pururavas's great-grandson was Yayati, who had five sons named Yadu, Turvasu, Druhyu, Anu, and Puru. These seem to be the names of five Vedic tribes as described in the Vedas.

According to the Mahabharata, Lunar dynasty's progenitor Ila ruled from Prayaga, and had a son Shashabindu who ruled in the country of Bahli. The son of Ila and Budha was Pururavas, who became the first Chandravamsha, emperor of all of the earth. Ila's descendants were also known as the Ailas.
Linga, Madhya Pradesh
Linga is a village in Balaghat District, Jabalpur Division in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is located about 8 km from Balaghat and 391 km from Bhopal. Balaghat, Wara Seoni, Gondiya, are the nearby cities.

Linga is surrounded by Kirnapur tehsil to the South, Waraseoni tehsil to the west, Lalbarra tehsil to the west, and Khairlanji tehsil to the west.

The primary languages are Hindi and Marathi. The village is 309 meters above sea level.

Jabalpur division
Jabalpur Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of the division. As of 2023, the division consists of districts of Balaghat, Chhindwara, Jabalpur, Katni, Mandla, Narsinghpur,  Dindori, Seoni and  Pandhurna.
Chorzyna
Chorzyna [xɔˈʐɨna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osjaków, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Osjaków, 22 km (14 mi) north-east of Wieluń, and 69 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń County
Wieluń County (Polish: powiat wieluński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieluń, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 927.69 square kilometres (358.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,260, out of which the population of Wieluń is 24,347 and the rural population is 53,913.
Goods and Services Tax 2.0
Goods and Services Tax 2.0, also known as GST 2.0 is a upgraded version of the original Indian GST system, officially launched in 22 September 2025 to streamline indirect taxation across the country. The reform was introduced to simplify the tax structure, reduce compliance burdens for businesses, and make taxation more transparent for consumers.

The initiative was led by the Ministry of Finance, aiming to modernize the tax administration system using digital tools and data-driven monitoring. GST 2.0 maintained the core principles of a unified tax on goods and services while revising tax rates, removing unnecessary exemptions, and ensuring smoother inter-state trade.

The profile of GST 2.0 highlights its focus on technological integration, fair taxation, and fostering a business-friendly environment while maintaining revenue efficiency for the government.

Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities.  The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Anuj Nayyar
Captain Anuj Nayyar, MVC (28 August 1975 – 7 July 1999) was an Indian Army officer of 17 Jat Regiment who was posthumously awarded the Maha Vir Chakra, India's second highest gallantry award, for exemplary valour in combat during operations in the Kargil War in 1999.

Military awards and decorations
Military awards and decorations are distinctions given as a mark of honor for military heroism, meritorious or outstanding service or achievement. A decoration is often a medal consisting of a ribbon and a medallion.

Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations, although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions. Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations, on which they may be modelled, although they are strictly not military awards.

Military awards and decorations may take the form of medal ribbons or miniature medals, which are mounted together on a bar known as a barrette.
Mavalankar
Mavalankar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Damodar Mavalankar (1857 – after 1885), Indian Theosophist

Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar (1888–1956), Indian politician and activist

Purushottam Mavalankar (1928–2002), Indian political scientist

Sushila Ganesh Mavalankar (1904–1995), Indian politician

Purushottam Mavalankar
Purushottam Ganesh Mavalankar (3 August 1928 in Ahmedabad – 14 March 2002 in Ahmedabad) was an Indian political scientist, educationist, and an independent Member of Parliament for two consecutive terms.

Mavalankar was son of the first speaker of the Lok Sabha, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar. In 1972, he was elected to the 5th Lok Sabha in a by-election from Ahmedabad constituency in Gujarat state. In 1977, he was re-elected to the 6th Lok Sabha from Gandhinagar in Gujarat on Janata Party's ticket. He lost from Gandhinagar in 1980 election. Mavalankar died on 14 March 2002.

He was also the author of the book No Sir, which consisted his parliamentary speeches during Emergency.
Fausta of Sirmium
Fausta, was the mother of St. Anastasia of Sirmium. Fausta was a model mother having had the virtue raising a saintly daughter.

Fausta is one of the 140 Colonnade saints which adorn St. Peter's Square.

St. Peter's Square
St. Peter's Square (Latin: Forum Sancti Petri, Italian: Piazza San Pietro [ˈpjattsa sam ˈpjɛːtro]) is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave in Rome, directly west of the neighborhood (rione) of Borgo. Both the square and the basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider the first Pope.

At the centre of the square is the Vatican obelisk, an ancient Egyptian obelisk erected at the current site in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later, including the massive Tuscan colonnades, four columns deep, which embrace visitors in "the maternal arms of Mother Church". A granite fountain constructed by Bernini in 1675 matches another fountain designed by Carlo Maderno in 1613.
Sum of absolute differences
In digital image processing, the sum of absolute differences (SAD) is a measure of the similarity between image blocks.  It is calculated by taking the absolute difference between each pixel in the original block and the corresponding pixel in the block being used for comparison.  These differences are summed to create a simple metric of block similarity, the L1 norm of the difference image or Manhattan distance between two image blocks.

The sum of absolute differences may be used for a variety of purposes, such as object recognition, the generation of disparity maps for stereo images, and motion estimation for video compression.

Absolute difference
The absolute difference of two real numbers  and  is given by , the absolute value of their difference. It describes the distance on the real line between the points corresponding to  and , and is a special case of the Lp distance for all . Its applications in statistics include the absolute deviation from a central tendency.
Corkerhill railway station
Corkerhill railway station serves the Corkerhill and Mosspark neighbourhoods of Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Paisley Canal Line, 3¼ miles (5 km) west of Glasgow Central.

The station was originally a staff halt on the Glasgow and South Western Railway, with a small network of houses having been built for workers at the Corkerhill Carriage Servicing Maintenance Depot (opened 1896); eventually the isolated village was swallowed up by the expanding Glasgow urban area with the construction of the Mosspark, Cardonald and Pollok estates. The station was opened to the public in 1923 and was rebuilt by British Railways in 1954.

ScotRail
ScotRail Trains Limited, trading as ScotRail (Scottish Gaelic: Rèile na h-Alba), is a Scottish train operating company that is publicly owned by Scottish Rail Holdings on behalf of the Scottish Government. It has been operating the ScotRail franchise as an operator of last resort since 1 April 2022.
Unida
Unida (/juːˈniːdə/) is an American stoner rock band formed in 1998. The band's current line-up consists of Mark Sunshine, Arthur Seay, Miguel Cancino and Collyn McCoy. Their debut album, Coping with the Urban Coyote, was released in 1999. A follow-up album, initially titled The Great Divide and later titled For the Working Man, was recorded in the early 2000s, but has remained unreleased.

Scott Reeder (bassist)
Scott Thomas Reeder (born May 16, 1965) is an American musician best known as the former bass player of stoner rock bands Across the River, Kyuss and The Obsessed, as well as the current bass player for Fireball Ministry.
156th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 156th Infantry Regiment ("First Louisiana") is an infantry regiment in the United States Army and the Louisiana National Guard. It began as a Confederate Army unit in 1861, and surrendered to the Union at the Battle of Appomattox Court House in 1865. It was reformed in 1878 as a militia unit, and reorganized into the Louisiana National Guard in 1899. It saw support service in World War I. In World War II, it served as a rear-area guard unit in Europe, for which it added a lion to its coat of arms to symbolize its service in northern France. It deployed to the Middle East twice during the Iraq War.

Louisiana National Guard
The Louisiana National Guard (French: Garde Nationale de Louisiane; Spanish: Guardia Nacional de Luisiana) is the armed force through which the Louisiana Military Department executes the U.S. state of Louisiana's security policy. Consisting of the Louisiana Army National Guard, a reserve component of the United States Army; the Louisiana Air National Guard, a reserve component of the United States Air Force; and the Louisiana State Guard, an all-volunteer state defense force, it is directed by an adjutant general appointed by the Governor of Louisiana unless federalized by order of the President of the United States, which places members on active U.S. military duty status.

The Louisiana National Guard has both active and inactive (reserve) members as well as full and part-time members. Part-time National Guard members are referred to as 'weekend warriors' both by the military and civilians.

The current adjutant general is Major General Thomas C. Friloux.
Meet the New Boss (Supernatural)
"Meet the New Boss" is the first episode of the paranormal drama television series Supernatural's season 7, and the 127th overall. The episode was written by showrunner Sera Gamble and directed by Philip Sgriccia. It was first broadcast on September 23, 2011 on The CW. In the episode, Castiel decides to go fix the world's problems as their new "God". However, he is being taunted by new evil forces known as the Leviathans. Meanwhile, Sam is now having hallucinations about his time in Lucifer's Cage.

Supernatural season 7
The seventh season of Supernatural, an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered September 23, 2011, and concluded May 18, 2012, airing 23 episodes. The season focuses on protagonists Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles) facing a new enemy called Leviathans, stronger than anything they have encountered so far as well as rendering their usual weapons useless.

On January 12, 2012, the season won two People's Choice Awards including Best Network TV Drama. This is the second and final season of Sera Gamble as showrunner, with Jeremy Carver taking over the role for season eight. Warner Home Video released the season on DVD and Blu-ray in Region 1 on September 18, 2012, in region 2 on November 5, 2012, and in Region 4 on October 31, 2012. The seventh season had an average viewership of 1.73 million U.S. viewers.