hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xalqlar Doʻstligi (Tashkent Metro)
Xalqlar Doʻstligi is a station of the Tashkent Metro on Chilonzor Line. The station was opened on 6 November 1977 as part of the inaugural section of Tashkent Metro, between October inkilobi and Sabir Rakhimov. The station is column type with underground and ground-based lobby.

Tashkent Metro
The Tashkent Metro (Uzbek: Toshkent metropoliteni, Тошкент метрополитени) is the rapid transit system serving the city of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. It was the seventh metro to be built in the former USSR, opening in 1977, and the first metro in Central Asia. Each station is designed around a particular theme, often reflected in the station name.

The Tashkent Metro consists of four lines, operating on 70.4 kilometres (43.74 mi) of route and serving 50 stations. In 2025, the metro carried 286.8 million passengers, which corresponds to a daily average of approximately 785,000 passengers.
Sidewalk
A sidewalk (North American English), pavement (British English, South African English), or footpath (Irish English, Indian English, Australian English, New Zealand English) is a path along the side of a road. Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for pedestrians. A sidewalk is normally higher than the roadway, and separated from it by a curb. There may also be a planted strip between the sidewalk and the roadway and between the roadway and the adjacent land.

Cobblestone
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring rounded forms less uniform in size.

It has been used across various cultures for millennia, particularly in Europe, and became especially prominent during the medieval and early modern periods. Today, cobblestone streets are often associated with historic preservation and are used in many cities to maintain the historical character of certain neighborhoods.
BL 6-inch Mk XI naval gun
The BL 6-inch Mark XI naval gun was a British 50 calibres high-velocity naval gun which was mounted as primary armament on cruisers and secondary armament on pre-dreadnought battleships from 1906 onwards.

Secondary armament
Secondary armaments are smaller, faster-firing weapons that are typically effective at a shorter range than the main (heavy) weapons on military systems, including battleship- and cruiser-type warships, tanks/armored personnel carriers, and rarely other systems.

The nature, disposition, size and purpose of Naval secondary weapon systems changed dramatically as the threat changed from torpedo boats, to torpedo-carrying destroyers, to aircraft, to anti-ship missiles.
Regina Hesse
Regina Hesse (1832–1898),  also Rottmann, was a Euro-African schoolteacher in colonial Ghana. As an educationist, she was one of first women exemplars on the Gold Coast to become a school administrator. Hesse was trained by the Angolan-born Jamaican Moravian pioneer woman teacher, Catherine Mulgrave who set up three girls’ specialist boarding schools at Osu, Abokobi and Odumase and was active in the women's Christian ministry in Christiansborg, Accra.

Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Osu
The Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, formerly known as the Basel Mission Church, Christiansborg, is a historic Protestant church located in the suburb of Osu in Accra, Ghana. The church was founded by the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society in 1847. Previously near the Christiansborg Castle at a hamlet called Osu Amanfong, where a commemorative monument now stands, the church relocated northwards to its present location near the Salem School when a new chapel was constructed and consecrated in 1902. The church is affiliated to the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. Liturgical services are conducted in English and the Ga language.
Track (moving medium)
A track is a path on a recording medium. There are some variations in nomenclature; for some media a track is a logical (content based) path and for others it is based on the geometry of the medium.
The term is not used for punched cards.

Direct-access storage device
A direct-access storage device (DASD) (pronounced /ˈdæzdiː/) is a secondary storage device in which "each physical record has a discrete location and a unique address". The term was coined by IBM to describe devices that allowed random access to data, the main examples being drum memory and hard disk drives.  Later, optical disc drives and  flash memory units are also classified as DASD.

The term DASD contrasts with sequential access storage device such as a magnetic tape drive, and unit record equipment such as a punched card device. A record on a DASD can be accessed without having to read through intervening records from the current location, whereas reading anything other than the "next" record on tape or deck of cards requires skipping over intervening records, and requires a proportionally long time to access a distant point in a medium. Access methods for DASD include sequential, partitioned, indexed, and direct.

The DASD storage class includes both fixed and removable media.
Carim Adippe
Carim Danielo Adippe Quijano (born 15 May 1973, in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays for C.D. Victoria in Honduras. He has played for several clubs in Latin America, Europe and Asia.

C.D. Victoria
Club Deportivo Victoria is a Honduran football club based in La Ceiba, Atlántida. They have enjoyed success in the past having won the Honduran first division once. They currently play in the Honduran first division.
Vilichu Vilikettu
Vilichu Vilikettu is a 1985 Indian Malayalam film directed and produced by Sreekumaran Thampi, starring Mammootty, Shubha, Balan K. Nair and Mahalakshmi. The film features songs composed by Raveendran.

Balan K. Nair
Balakrishnan Kuttiraman Nair, more popularly known as Balan K. Nair (4 April 1933 – 26 August 2000) was an Indian actor known for his roles in Malayalam cinema. Although he appeared as a villain in most films, he was also noted for his performances in strong character roles. He emerged as one of the top villain of Malayalam cinema in the second half of the 1970s and played some of the best villain characters in Malayalam films during that period. He won the National Film Award for Best Actor in 1981 for his performance as Govindan in the film Oppol.
1991 Monte Carlo Open – Doubles
Tomáš Šmíd and Petr Korda were the defending champions, but Korda chose not to participate. Šmid partnered Karel Nováček, but lost in the first round to Ronnie Båthman and Rikard Bergh.

Luke Jensen and Laurie Warder won the title, defeating Paul Haarhuis and Mark Koevermans in the final, 5–7, 7–6(7–3), 6–4.

Ronnie Båthman
Ronnie Båthman (born 24 April 1959) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. He enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles.  During his career, he won three doubles titles and finished as a runner-up four times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 38 in 1992.
Methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin)
Methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin) (EC 1.4.9.1, MADH, amine dehydrogenase, primary-amine dehydrogenase, methylamine:amicyanin oxidoreductase (deaminating)) catalyzes the reduction of copper-dependent electron-carrier amicyanin via oxidation of methylamine to formaldehyde.

This reaction requires the post-translational formation of a tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) cofactor. MADH forms a tetramer of two light-chain and two heavy-chain protomers. The TTQ cofactor is located in the light-chain and is formed from oxidative coupling between Trp57 and Trp108 (Paracoccus denitrificans numbering) catalyzed by the diheme enzyme MauG.

In P. denitrificans, methylamine dehydrogenase transiently forms a ternary complex to catalyze methylamine-dependent cytochrome c-551i reduction. Within this complex, electrons are transferred from the TTQ cofactor of MADH to the Type 1 copper center of amicyanin, and then to the heme of the cytochrome.

Tetramer
A tetramer (/ˈtɛtrəmər/) (tetra-, "four" + -mer, "parts") is an oligomer formed from four monomers or subunits. The associated property is called tetramery. An  example from inorganic chemistry is titanium methoxide with the empirical formula Ti(OCH3)4, which is tetrameric in solid state and has the molecular formula Ti4(OCH3)16.  An example from organic chemistry is kobophenol A, a substance that is formed by combining four molecules of resveratrol.

In biochemistry, it similarly refers to a biomolecule formed of four units, that are the same (homotetramer), i.e. as in Concanavalin A or different (heterotetramer), i.e. as in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin has 4 similar sub-units  while immunoglobulins have 2 very different sub-units. The different sub-units may have each their own activity, such as binding biotin in avidin tetramers, or have a common biological property, such as the allosteric binding of oxygen in hemoglobin.
Courtney Yamada-Anderson
Courtney Yamada (born April 6, 1980) is an American skeleton racer who has competed since 2002. Her best Skeleton World Cup finish was third at Nagano in January 2007.

A native of Boise, Idaho, Yamada's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 13th in the women's event at St. Moritz in 2007.

FIBT World Championships 2007
The FIBT World Championships 2007 took place in St. Moritz, Switzerland for the record twenty-first time, doing so previously in 1931 (Four-man), 1935 (Four-man), 1937 (Four-man), 1938 (Two-man), 1939 (Two-man), 1947, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1965, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1989 (Skeleton), 1990 (Bobsleigh), 1997 (Bobsleigh), 1998 (Skeleton), and 2001 (Men's bobsleigh). The mixed team event consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh debuted at these championships.
Hydrology of Hungary
The hydrology of Hungary, is mostly determined by Hungary's lying in the middle of the Carpathian Basin, half surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains. All parts of the country have some outflow. All surface water gravitates towards its southern center, and from there, is united in the Danube, which flows into the Black Sea. The whole of Hungary lies within the Danube drainage basin.

The total length of all the irrigation systems and inland waterways in the country is about 26,000 km (16,000 mi).

The annual water balance of the country shows a surplus. Yearly about 100 km3 (3.5×1012 cu ft) of water leaves the country towards the Black Sea. From that, precipitation amounts for only 10%, the rest being provided by the incoming rivers of surrounding countries.

Great Hungarian Plain
The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld, Hungarian: Alföld [ˈɒlføld] or Nagy Alföld) is a plain occupying the majority of the modern territory of Hungary. It is the largest part of the wider Pannonian Plain (however, the Great Hungarian Plain was not part of the ancient Roman province Pannonia). Its territory significantly shrank due to its eastern and southern boundaries being adjusted by the new political borders created after World War I when the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920.
Durst Rockshelter State Natural Area
Durst Rockshelter State Natural Area is a privately owned state natural area located roughly 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Leland, Wisconsin. The property encompasses a rock shelter inhabited by pre-Columbian Native Americans. Archaeological excavations at the rock shelter have uncovered projectile points and ceramic artifacts. The oldest artifacts date to the Archaic period from roughly 4000 to 3500 B.C., though the site was inhabited by multiple cultural groups across several periods of development. The rockshelter is surrounded by a mesic forest split by a sandstone ridge.

The property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Durst-Bloedau Site. It is owned by The Nature Conservancy and public access is restricted without permission.

The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, United States. As of 2021, it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.

Founded in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has over one million members globally as of 2021 and has protected more than 119 million acres (48 million ha) of land in its history. As of 2014, it is the largest environmental non-profit organization by assets and revenue in the Americas.
East Bay River
The East Bay River (also called the East River and historically known as The River Jordan or the Chester River) in Florida is a 15-mile-long (24 km) river located in Santa Rosa and Okaloosa counties. It flows from east to west, forming near Hurlburt Field, and empties into the eastern portion of East Bay (Florida) near the towns Holley and Navarre. The river forms part of the southern boundary of Eglin Air Force Base.

There is one public boat launch ramp located on the river, along State Road 87 in Holley, near the outlet into Pensacola Bay.

Named tributaries include Alligator Creek, and Panther Creek.

The average discharge rate is 40 cubic feet per second.

Florida State Road 87
State Road 87 (SR 87; sometimes called the Navarre Beach Expressway, especially south of U.S. 90) is a 51.687-mile-long (83.182 km) north–south highway in the state of Florida that extends from U.S. Route 98 (US 98) to the Alabama state line where it becomes State Route 41.  All of SR 87 is contained within Santa Rosa County.
Thing of the Past
Thing of the Past is the third studio album by the American folk band Vetiver, released in 2008 by Gnomonsong in the U.S. and FatCat Records in the UK.

The album consists of cover songs originally performed by songwriters that frontman Andy Cabic considers influential in his music and life. Several of the original authors appear as guests on their respective songs, including Michael Hurley. Recorded in spring 2007 in Sacramento and Los Angeles, the basic tracks, including all the guitars, drums, bass and some of the vocals, were recorded live in the studio. Cabic considered it his best album up to that point, calling it an "experiment" which offered him both "restraint and freedom".

Rhapsody praised the album, calling it one of their favorite covers albums.

Devendra Banhart
Devendra Obi Banhart (born May 30, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter and visual artist. He was born in Texas and grew up in Venezuela and California. In 2000, he dropped out of the San Francisco Art Institute in San Francisco to pursue a musical career. In 2002, Banhart released his debut album and he is best known for his albums in the late 2000s such as Cripple Crow and Smokey Rolls Down Thunder Canyon. He has since expanded his career to incorporate his interest and training in the visual arts.
A Better Time
A Better Time is the third studio album by Nigerian singer Davido. It was released on 13 November 2020, through Davido Music Worldwide (DMW), RCA Records and Sony Music. The album features guest appearances from Nicki Minaj, Nas, Young Thug, Mayorkun, Chris Brown, Tiwa Savage, Mugeez, CKay, Lil Baby, Hit-Boy, Sho Madjozi, Bella Shmurda and Sauti Sol. Its production was handled by Hit-Boy, Napji, Fresh VDM, Peruzzi and Speroach Beatz, among others.

Davido had not planned to release an album in 2020, since he had announced a North American tour in support of his 2019 album, A Good Time and did not think he would have time to record, with the tour scheduled to begin in the winter and end in spring 2020. However, in March 2020 he had to cancel the sold-out 26-show tour due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and as a result returned to the studio to record the tracks that became A Better Time.

Peruzzi (singer)
Tobechukwu Victor Okoh (born 5 December 1989), known as Peruzzi, is a Nigerian singer. He began recording music after working with Rodney Malice at the age of seven. In 2017, he was signed to Davido's DMW imprint. In February 2018, Peruzzi was featured on 2Baba's single "Amaka".
Diel Breull
Diel Breull (died 1632) was a German who was executed for witchcraft in Hesse in Germany.

He was exiled from Hesse in 1629 for having used a crystal ball to perform magic, and when he violated the banishment by returning the following year, he was arrested. He claimed that after the death of his family in 1622, he had awoken in the mountain of Venus, where the goddess Holda, "Fraw Holt", had shown him the dead in both Heaven and Hell in a mirror and informed him that he was a "night traveler". He had since then visited the Venus Mountain four times annually to be given a rich harvest.

Diel Breull was tortured until he adjusted his story to say that the Venus Mountain was in fact a Witches' Sabbath where he had sworn himself to Satan. He was then convicted and executed for sorcery in 1632.

Frau Holle
"Frau Holle" (/ˈfraʊ ˈhɒl/; German: [fʁaʊ ˈhɔlə]; also known as "Mother Holle", "Mother Hulda" or "Old Mother Frost") is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Children's and Household Tales in 1812 (KHM 24). It is of Aarne-Thompson type 480.

Frau Holle (also known in various regions as Holla, Holda, Perchta, Berchta, Berta, or Bertha) was a folk figure whom the Grims claimed survived in popular belief well into the 19th century.

The name may be cognate of the Scandinavian creature known as the Hulder. Jacob Grimm made an attempt to establish her as a Germanic goddess.
Brazilian ship Mariz e Barros
Several ships of the Brazilian Navy have been named Mariz e Barros:

Brazilian ironclad Mariz e Barros, launched in 1866 and stricken in 1897

Mariz e Barros, a Marcílio Dias-class destroyer launched in 1940 and stricken in 1972

Mariz e Barros, a Gearing-class destroyer acquired from the United States in 1973 and expended as a target in 2000

USS Brinkley Bass
USS Brinkley Bass (DD-887) was a Gearing-class destroyer in service with the United States Navy from 1945 to 1973. She was then transferred to Brazil where she served as Mariz e Barros (D-26) until 1997. The destroyer was finally sunk as a target in 2000.
Basketball at the 2013 Canada Summer Games
Basketball at the 2013 Canada Summer Games was held at the Palais de Sports, and Bishop's University John H. Price Sport Centre  in Sherbrooke, Quebec.

The events will be held during the first week between August 4 and 17, 2013.

Palais des Sports Léopold-Drolet
The Palais des Sports Léopold-Drolet is a 3,646-seat multi-purpose arena in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It was built in 1965. Starting in 2012, this arena was renovated and is now home to the Sherbrooke Phoenix of the QMJHL.

For the 1976 Summer Olympics in neighbouring Montreal, it hosted four women and five men's team handball matches.

It was home to the Sherbrooke Castors ice hockey team, before their move to Lewiston, Maine as the Lewiston Maineiacs in 2003. It was also home to two AHL hockey teams, the Sherbrooke Jets, and the Sherbrooke Canadiens who became the Fredericton Canadiens in 1990. With the recent folding of the Lewiston Maineiacs, Sherbrooke will be getting an expansion QMJHL team (Sherbrooke Phoenix) for the 2012–13 and the team will play at the renovated Palais De Sports. The team will be owned by a group led by former NHL goaltender Jocelyn Thibault.

It held the 2015 QMJHL Draft on June 7, 2015.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (also: sodium isethionate) is the sodium salt of 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid (isethionic acid), it is used as a  hydrophilic head group in washing-active surfactants, known as isethionates (acyloxyethanesulfonates) due to its strong polarity and resistance to multivalent ions. It is being studied as a high production volume chemical in the "High Production Volume (HPV) Chemical Challenge Program" of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

High production volume chemicals
High production volume chemicals (HPV chemicals) are produced or imported into the United States in quantities of 1 million pounds or 500 tons per year. In OECD countries, HPV chemicals are defined as being produced at levels greater than 1,000 metric tons per producer/importer per year in at least one member country/region. A list of HPV chemicals serves as an overall priority list, from which chemicals are selected to gather data for a screening information dataset (SIDS), for testing and for initial hazard assessment.
Sostra
Sostra is an ancient Roman fort and settlement near the village of Lomets, Bulgaria.

Impressive remains have been excavated and partially restored.

Sostra was strategically situated along the major Roman road (the Via Traiana) linking ancient Philippopolis (today's Plovdiv) and Diocletianopolis in the Roman province of Thrace with the Roman outposts on the Limes Moesiae on the Danube such as Ulpia Oescus (near today's Gigen) and Novae (near today's Shishtov) via the Troyan Pass in the Balkan Mountains.

The road was vital in Trajan's Dacian Wars against the Thracian tribes north of the Danube, and later became more important as a main artery of the province.

The museum in Troyan contains several finds from the site.

Troyan
Troyan (Bulgarian: Троян pronounced [troˈjan]) is a town remembering the name of Roman Emperor Trajan, in Lovech Province in central Bulgaria . It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Troyan Municipality. The town is about 162 kilometres (101 miles) from the national capital Sofia. The Beli Osam river passes through the heart of the town.
The 2021 Census indicates that the population of Troyan was 18,449 inhabitants. The ethnic distribution of the inhabitants (as of 2009) is ethnic Bulgarians (87.29%), with minorities being Roma (1.23%) and Turks (1.03%). 
Donka Mihaylova of Bulgarian Socialist Party has been the town's mayor since 2011.
Independence We Veneto
Independence We Veneto (Italian: Indipendenza Noi Veneto, INV) was a Venetist and separatist political party based in Veneto, Italy.

INV, which was represented in the Regional Council of Veneto by Antonio Guadagnini from June 2015 to March 2016, is part of the larger coalition led by Liga Veneta–Lega Nord and supports Luca Zaia's second government.

Second Zaia government
The second Zaia government, led by president Luca Zaia, was the 18th government of Veneto and was in office from 28 June 2015 to 15 October 2020.

Source: Region of Veneto — The Regional Government from 1970 until today
ATG12
Autophagy related 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATG12 gene.

Autophagy is a process of bulk protein degradation in which cytoplasmic components, including organelles, are enclosed in double-membrane structures called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. ATG12 is the human homolog of a yeast protein involved in autophagy (Mizushima et al., 1998).[supplied by OMIM]

Autophagy requires the covalent attachment of the protein Atg12 to ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugation system. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate then promotes the conjugation of ATG8 to the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine.

Atg12 was found to be involved in apoptosis. This protein promotes apoptosis through an interaction with anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family.

Bcl-2 family
The Bcl-2 family (TC# 1.A.21) consists of a number of evolutionarily-conserved proteins that share Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains. The Bcl-2 family is most notable for their regulation of apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, at the mitochondrion. The Bcl-2 family proteins consists of members that either promote or inhibit apoptosis, and control apoptosis by governing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which is a key step in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. A total of 25 genes in the Bcl-2 family were identified by 2008.

Members of the BCL-2 family regulate apoptosis in mammals, reptiles, amphibs,  fish, and other phyla of metazoan life, with exception of nematodes and insects. 
Their molecular structure and function, as well as their protein dynamics, are highly conserved over hundreds of millions of years in tissue forming life forms.