hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charents Arch
40°10′25″N 44°38′12″E﻿ / ﻿40.17361°N 44.63667°E﻿ / 40.17361; 44.63667

Charents' Arch, also known as Arch of Charents or Arch of Ararat (Armenian: Չարենցի կամար) is a monument and tourist attraction erected in 1957 and dedicated to the Armenian poet Yeghishe Charents. The monument is located 1500 m high in the village of Voghjaberd in the Kotayk Province of Armenia.

Kotayk Province
Kotayk (Armenian: Կոտայք, Armenian pronunciation: [kɔˈtɑjkʰ] ⓘ), is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located at the central part of the country. Its capital is Hrazdan and the largest city is Abovyan. It is named after the Kotayk canton of the historic Ayrarat province of Ancient Armenia.

Kotayk is bordered by Lori Province from the northwest, Tavush Province from the north, Gegharkunik Province from the north, Aragatsotn Province from the southwest, and Ararat Province from the southwest and the capital Yerevan from the west. Kotayk is the only province in Armenia that has no borders with foreign countries.

The province is home to many ancient landmarks and tourist attractions in Armenia including the 1st-century Garni Temple, the medieval Bjni Fortress, 11th-century Kecharis Monastery and the 13th-century monastery of Geghard. Kotayk is also home to the popular winter sports resort and the spa-town of Tsaghkadzor and the mountain resort of Aghveran.
Unbelievable (Bob Dylan song)
"Unbelievable" is an uptempo rock song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released as a single in September 1990 and as the third track on his 27th studio album Under the Red Sky the same month. It was produced by Don Was, David Was and Dylan (under the pseudonym Jack Frost). Dylan also released a promotional music video for the song in which he appeared along with actresses Molly Ringwald and Sally Kirkland.

The single reached No. 70 in Canada, and No. 21 on the Billboard Rock Tracks chart.

Under the Red Sky
Under the Red Sky is the twenty-seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. It was released on September 10, 1990, through Columbia Records. The album was produced by Don Was, David Was, and Dylan himself (under the pseudonym Jack Frost).

The album was largely greeted as a disappointing follow-up to 1989's critically acclaimed Oh Mercy. Most of the criticism was directed at the slick sound of rock producer Don Was, as well as a handful of tracks that seem rooted in children's nursery rhymes. It is a rarity in Dylan's catalog for its inclusion of celebrity cameos by Jimmie Vaughan, Slash, Elton John, George Harrison, David Crosby, Stevie Ray Vaughan, and Bruce Hornsby. The album's highest chart position worldwide was in Norway, where it peaked at No. 4.
KWJD-LP
KWJD-LP (92.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a religious format. Licensed to Onalaska, Washington, United States, the station is owned by Valley Life Broadcasting, Inc.

The station changed its call sign from KTYG-LP to KWJD-LP on June 27, 2016.

Onalaska, Washington
Onalaska is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lewis County, Washington, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 657. Onalaska is located along Washington State Route 508.
Witch doctor
A witch doctor (also spelled witch-doctor), or witchcraft doctor, is a kind of magical healer who treats physical and spiritual ailments believed to be caused by witchcraft. The term is often misunderstood, and they could more accurately be called "anti-witch doctors". The term is now more commonly used to refer to healers, particularly in regions that use traditional healing rather than contemporary medicine. In many contexts, the term “witch doctor” may be used interchangeably with shamans or medicine men, as these practitioners employ ritual, divination, song, and dance to address spiritual, emotional, and social dimensions of health.

Magars
The Magars, also spelled Mangar and Mongar, are the Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to Nepal and Northeast India, representing 6.9% of Nepal's total population according to the 2021 Nepal census. They are one of the main Gurkha tribes.

The first home of the Magars was to the west of the Gandaki River and, roughly speaking, consisted of that portion of Nepal which lies between and around about Gulmi, Arghakhanchi, and Palpa.
This part of the country was divided into twelve districts known as Bahra Magarat (Confederation of Twelve Magar villages), which included the following regions of that period: Argha, Khanchi, Bhirkot, Dhor, Garhung, Ghiring, Gulmi, Isma, Musikot, Rising, Satung, and Pyung.
During the medieval period, the whole area from Palpa to Rukum Rolpa was called the Magarat, a place settled and inhabited by Magars.
Another confederation of eighteen Magar kingdoms, known as Athara Magarat, also existed and was originally inhabited by Kham Magars.
Trois-Rivières (provincial electoral district)
Trois-Rivières (French: [tʁwɑ ʁivjɛʁ], Canadian French: [tʁwɔ ʁivjaɛ̯ʁ] ⓘ) is a provincial electoral district in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It includes part of the city of Trois-Rivières, including most of the territory of the city as it existed prior to its 2002 amalgamation and expansion.

It was created for the 1867 election, and an electoral district of that name existed even earlier: see Trois-Rivières (Lower Canada) and Trois-Rivières (Province of Canada electoral district).

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its border with the Maskinongé electoral district was adjusted, resulting in simultaneously gaining and losing different parts of the city of Trois-Rivières.

1867 Quebec general election
The 1867 Quebec general election was held in August and September 1867 to elect members of the First Legislature for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière.
Maleylacetic acid
Maleylacetic acid is a chemical compound produced in the biodegradation of catechin by Bradyrhizobium japonicum.

In Moraxella species, the compound is a product of the metabolism of hydroquinone, with the final step being from oxidation of 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde:

The compound is reduced to 3-oxoadipic acid by the enzyme maleylacetate reductase in Trichosporon cutaneum:

Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.

In 2023, it was the 274th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.
Yolanda Lastra
Yolanda Lastra de Suárez (born 1932) is a Mexican linguist specializing in the descriptive linguistics of the indigenous languages of Mexico. She obtained her PhD degree in 1963 from Cornell University, her dissertation written under the guidance of Charles F. Hockett treating the syntax of Cochabamba Quechua in Bolivia. She was married to Argentinian linguist Jorge A. Suárez (1927-1985).

Lastra has worked with linguistic documentation and dialectology of the Nahuatl and Otomi languages and is recognized as a leading authority in the studies of Oto-Pamean languages in general. Her 1986 book Áreas dialectales del Náhuatl moderno is the single most comprehensive work on the dialectology of modern Nahuatl ever published.

Lastra is currently a senior investigator at the Institute of Anthropology at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México. Since May 2014 she is a full member of the Academia Mexicana de la Lengua, the Mexican Language Academy.

Oto-Pamean languages
The Oto-Pamean languages are a branch of the Oto-Manguean languages that includes languages  of the Otomi-Mazahua, Matlatzinca, and Pamean language groups all of which are spoken in central Mexico. Like all Oto-Manguean languages, the Oto-Pamean languages are tonal languages, though most have relatively simple tone systems. Unlike many Oto-Manguean languages that tend towards an isolating typology, they are morphologically complex headmarking languages with complex systems of conjugational classes both for verbs and nouns, and in the Pamean languages there are highly complex patterns of suppletion.
St. Jerome's College of Arts and Science
St. Jerome's College (Arts and Science), is a general degree college located in Anandhanadarkudy (Nagercoil), Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 2009. The college is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University is a public university located in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. It was hived off the Madurai Kamaraj University on 7 September 1990.

The motto of the university is "In Pursuit of Excellence". It is named after the Tamil scholar/professor Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai. The university has 24 departments in arts, languages, sciences, engineering and technology. 102 colleges in the Kanyakumari, Tenkasi, Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli districts are affiliated to it.
Evangelical Reformed Church in Valais
The Evangelical Reformed Church in Valais or in French the Église réformée évangélique du Valais or Evangelisch-Reformierte Kirche des Wallis is a Reformed cantonal State church in Valais.

It has 12 parishes and 17 ministers represents more than 20,000 members, but the number is increasing, because the move of the Reformed people to the canton from other Swiss cantons. It has 12 congregations in the Canton, in Brig, Visp, Leukerbad, Sierre, Crans-Montana, Sion, Coude Rhone Martigny-Saxon, 2 Rivers, Monthey, Haut-Lac. Women ordination is allowed.

Crans-Montana
Crans-Montana (French: [kʁɑ̃ mɔ̃tana]) is a municipality and ski resort in the predominantly French-speaking district of Sierre in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The municipality was formed through the merger of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne municipalities on 1 January 2017. The ski resort Crans-Montana was created through the fusion of the two centres of Crans and Montana, and is split between three municipalities, namely Crans-Montana, Icogne, and Lens.
Rumores de la Caleta
Rumores de la Caleta (Murmurs of the Cove), Op. 71, No. 6, is a composition by Isaac Albéniz. The piece is subtitled "Malagueña".

It is a "sensual and emotional courting dance from Málaga, although the piece was actually named after La Caleta beach in Cadiz.

Since it has been transcribed for guitar duet by Miguel Llobet it has become a well-known piece for classical guitar. It has been played and recorded by guitarists such as Julian Bream duet with John Williams and many others. Susan Miller said of it, "the soulfulness of Sevilla slid imperceptibly into Rumores de la Caleta. The slow, measured beats took on a life of their own, gathering the shadows, the passions, the cries of lovers and of hunted, wounded animals on moonlit night."

The italian violist Marco Misciagna has arranged this piece for solo viola.

Malagueñas (flamenco style)
Malagueñas (Spanish pronunciation: [malaˈɣeɲas]) is one of the traditional styles of Andalusian music (flamenco), derived from earlier types of fandango from the area of Málaga, classified among the Cantes de Levante. Originally a folk-song type, it became a flamenco style in the 19th century. It is not normally used for dance, as it is generally interpreted with no regular rhythmic pattern, as a "cante libre." It has a very rich melody with virtuous flourishes and use of microtones. Its guitar accompaniment is normally played in open position first inversion giving E for the tonic, which can be transposed by using a capo.
Leerbroek
Leerbroek is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Vijfheerenlanden, and lies about 9 km (6 mi) northeast of Gorinchem.

Leerbroek was a separate municipality between 1817, when it was separated from Meerkerk, and 1986, when it merged with Zederik in the province of South Holland. When Zederik merged into the new municipality Vijfheerenlanden in 2019, it became a part of the province of Utrecht.

Gorinchem
Gorinchem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣɔrkʏm] ⓘ or [ˈɣɔrkəm]), also spelled Gorkum, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 21.93 km2 (8.47 sq mi) of which 3.10 km2 (1.20 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 37,410 in 2021.

The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem.
Shaun Farrell
Shaun Richard Farrell (born 5 March 1975) is a sprinter/middle-distance runner who competed for New Zealand.

Farrell competed in the 400m at the 1994 World Juniors Athletics Championships in Portugal. He placed 3rd in the Final running 46.31 seconds.

He participated in the 1994 and 1998 Commonwealth Games, competing in the 400m and 800m. He is the former New Zealand record holder over 400m.

1998 Commonwealth Games
The 1998 Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel 1998), officially known as the XVI Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel ke-16), were a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 1998 Games were the first to be held in Asia, and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century. For the first time ever, the Games included team sports. Around 3,638 athletes from 70 Commonwealth member nations participated at the Games, which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals.
The Best of Jack Williamson
The Best of Jack Williamson is a collection of science fiction short stories by American author Jack Williamson. It was first published in paperback by Del Rey/Ballantine in June 1978 as a volume in its Classic Library of Science Fiction. It was reprinted by Del Rey Books in January 1984. The book has been translated into Italian and German.

Del Rey Books
Del Rey Books is an imprint of the Random House Group, a division of Penguin Random House.  The imprint was established in 1977 under the editorship of Judy-Lynn del Rey and her husband, author Lester del Rey.  Today, the imprint specializes in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and fantasy romance.

The first new novel published by Del Rey was The Sword of Shannara by Terry Brooks in 1977. Del Rey formerly published Star Wars novels under the Lucasbooks sub-imprint (licensed from Lucasfilm, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios division of The Walt Disney Company) that are now published by its sister imprint, Random House Worlds.
2025 Chicago Men's Challenger
The 2025 Chicago Tennis Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Chicago, United States between August 4 and 10, 2025.

Chicago Men's Challenger
The Chicago Tennis Challenger is a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It has been held in Chicago, United States, since 2022.
Articerodes jariyae
Articerodes jariyae is a rove beetle discovered in Thailand in 2008. It was named for Professor Jariya Chanpaisaen, who collaborated on the study that located it. It is closely related to Articerodes ohmomoi and Articerodes thailandicus, discovered during the same study.

Rove beetle
The rove beetles are a family (Staphylinidae) of beetles, primarily distinguished by their short elytra (wing covers) that typically leave more than half of their abdominal segments exposed. With over 66,000 species in thousands of genera, the group is one of the largest families in the beetle order, and one of the largest families of organisms. It is an ancient group that first appeared during the Middle Jurassic based on definitive records of fossilized rove beetles, with the Late Triassic taxon Leehermania more likely belonging to Myxophaga. They are an ecologically and morphologically diverse group of beetles, and commonly encountered in terrestrial ecosystems.

One well-known species is the devil's coach-horse beetle (Ocypus olens). For some other species, see list of British rove beetles.

The family was first described in 1802 by Pierre André Latreille.
Mr. Del
Mr. Del (born Delmar H. Lawrence III; June 10, 1978) is an American Christian rapper and music producer. He is president of the independent record label Dedicated Music Group (DMG)/Universal Records. He received a Grammy award nomination for Best Rock Gospel Album of the year and 2010 GMA Dove Award nomination for Rap/Hip Hop Album of the year.
His first solo album, The Future (EMI Gospel), was released in 2005 and debuted at No. 15 on Billboard’s Gospel Chart. Hope Dealer was released in 2007 and peaked at No. 47 on Billboard’s Gospel Chart and featured American jazz musician Kirk Whalum. Thrilla (DMG/Universal Records) was released in 2009 and debuted at No. 2 on the Christian R&B/Hip Hop Chart.

Capitol Christian Music Group
Capitol Christian Music Group (Capitol CMG) (formerly known as EMI Christian Music Group) is an American record label that, since 2013, is under the ownership of Universal Music Group. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, the label is in the Christian and gospel music industries.
Marypark
Marypark is a hamlet in the civil parish of Inveravon in Moray, Scotland. It is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south-west of Charlestown of Aberlour on the A95 road in Strathspey. The Glenfarclas distillery is located 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the east of the hamlet.

In August 2024 it was announced that the Scottish Government and developers Storegga are both investing £3.1 million in order to create a "green hydrogen hub" at Marypark. It is anticipated that about 100 jobs will be created by the construction of this facility which aims to support the whisky industry. Moray is home to more than a third of Scotland’s 151 whisky distilleries and it is expected that the hydrogen produced by the hub will provide energy for 40 or more sites across the northeast. Acting Energy Secretary Gillian Martin MSP said that the hub will: "support decarbonisation of Scotland’s iconic whisky industry by creating clean energy and heat used for distilling and fuel for transportation.”

Gillian Martin
Gillian Anne Martin is a Scottish politician who has served as Cabinet Secretary for Climate Action and Energy since June 2025. She previously served as Minister for Climate Action between 2023 and 2025, and as Acting Cabinet Secretary for Net Zero and Energy between July 2024 and June 2025, filling the latter role on an interim basis for the duration of Màiri McAllan's maternity leave. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), she has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Aberdeenshire East since 2016.
Silene stockenii
Silene stockenii is a species of flowering plant in the Caryophyllaceae first described in 1973. The specific epithet is named after Christopher Maitland Stocken, who discovered it in 1962 in Bornos. It is native to Spain, where it is endemic to grasslands growing in calcareous soil on formations made from calcarenite (a type of limestone) west of Cádiz in Andalusia. It is currently listed as critically endangered. In 1993, the number of individuals belonging to this species was estimated to be below 2000.

Silene stockenii is a gynodioecious–gynomonoecious species. In this species 7% of individuals are females, 53.5% are hermaphrodites, and 39.5% are intermediate.

Sexual system
A sexual system is a distribution of male and female functions across organisms in a species. The terms reproductive system and mating system have also been used as synonyms.

Sexual systems play a key role in genetic variation and reproductive success, and may also have led to the origin or extinction of certain species.  In flowering plants and animals, sexual reproduction involves meiosis, an adaptive process for repairing damage in the germline DNA transmitted to progeny. The distinctions between different sexual systems is not always clear due to phenotypic plasticity.

Interest in sexual systems goes back to Charles Darwin, who found that barnacles include some species that are androdioecious and some that are dioecious.
Kamenskoye Urban Settlement
Kamenskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia:

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, formerly a municipal formation which Kamenka Urban-Type Settlement with Jurisdictional Territory in Mezensky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast is incorporated as; in 2021 transformed to Kamenskoye Rural Settlement.

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which Kamensk Urban-Type Settlement in Kabansky District of the Republic of Buryatia is incorporated as

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the settlement of Kamenka in Vichugsky District of Ivanovo Oblast is incorporated as

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the work settlement of Kamensky and two rural localities in Krasnoarmeysky District of Saratov Oblast are incorporated as

Kamenskoye Urban Settlement, an administrative division and a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Kamenka in Kamensky District of Voronezh Oblast is incorporated as

Kamenka, Ivanovo Oblast
Kamenka (Russian: Каменка) is an urban-type settlement in Vichugsky District, Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. Population: 3,689 (2021 Census); 3,981 (2010 Census); 4,269 (2002 Census); 4,333 (1989 Soviet census).
Charters (surname)
Charters is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Charters (born 1936), American professor of English

Charlie Charters (born 1968), former English rugby union official and sports marketing executive

Frank Charters, (1884–1953), English cricketer

Harvey Charters (1912–1995), Canadian canoer

James Christian Charters a.k.a. DJ Ironik (born 1988), British musician, DJ and rapper

John Charters, former New Zealand rower

Samuel Charters (Canadian politician) (1863–1943), Ontario newspaper publisher and politician

Samuel Charters (1929–2015), American music historian and writer

Spencer Charters (1875–1943), American film actor

Samuel Charters
Samuel Barclay Charters IV (August 1, 1929 – March 18, 2015) was an American music historian, writer, record producer, musician, and poet.  He was a widely published author on the subjects of blues and jazz. He also wrote fiction.
Fredholm's theorem
In mathematics, Fredholm's theorems are a set of celebrated results of Ivar Fredholm in the Fredholm theory of integral equations. There are several closely related theorems, which may be stated in terms of integral equations, in terms of linear algebra, or in terms of the Fredholm operator on Banach spaces.

The Fredholm alternative is one of the Fredholm theorems.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.