hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monrovia High School
Monrovia High School is a public high school located in Monrovia, California, a northeastern suburb of Los Angeles, United States. Monrovia High School is the only grades 9–12 comprehensive high school in the Monrovia Unified School District. Established in 1893, the campus is located in an environment of neo-Spanish architecture, green lawns, and hundred-year-old oak trees, and is nestled against the San Gabriel Mountains.  The portion of the campus designed in 1928 is the work of noted Los Angeles architect John C. Austin.

In 2006, the citizens of Monrovia approved a $45 million bond for the high school. Major construction transformed the campus by adding a science building with technology labs, a gymnasium to support the physical education and sports programs, a stadium and bleachers, and an overall renovation of the campus. The construction was completed in 2012

Southern California School Band and Orchestra Association
The Southern California School Band and Orchestra Association (SCSBOA) provides a number of services for elementary through college level instrumental music groups in Southern California, including providing clinics for educators and students and hosting festivals for soloists and ensembles, including marching band competitions.
Elias of Enna
Saint Elias of Enna, born John Rachites (Ancient Greek: Ἰωάννης Ῥαχίτης; 822/823 in Enna – August 17, 903 in Thessalonica), is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. Elias is also known as Saint Elias the Younger, or Junior, to distinguish him from the biblical prophet Elijah. He lived a very adventurous life during the ninth century and was the protagonist of repeated exploits. He is commemorated on August 17.

Enna
Enna (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛnna] ⓘ or [ˈenna]; Ancient Greek: Ἔννα; Latin: Henna, less frequently Haenna), known from the Middle Ages until 1926 as Castrogiovanni (Sicilian: Castrugiuvanni [ˌkaʂʂ(ɽ)ʊddʒʊˈvannɪ]), is a city and comune located roughly at the center of Sicily, southern Italy, in the province of Enna, towering above the surrounding countryside. It has earned the nicknames belvedere (panoramic viewpoint) and ombelico ('navel') of Sicily. It has about 25,000 inhabitants.

At 931 m (3,054 ft) above sea level, Enna is the highest Italian provincial capital.
Hypermasculinity
Hypermasculinity is a psychological and sociological term for the exaggeration of male stereotypical behavior, such as an emphasis on physical strength, aggression, and human male sexuality. In the field of clinical psychology, this term has been used ever since the publication of research by Donald L. Mosher and Mark Sirkin in 1984. Mosher and Sirkin operationally define hypermasculinity or the "macho personality" as consisting of three variables:

Callous sexual attitudes toward women

The belief that violence is manly

The experience of danger as exciting

They developed the Hypermasculinity Inventory (HMI) designed to measure the three components. Research has found that hypermasculinity is associated with sexual and physical aggression towards women and perceived gay men. Prisoners have higher hypermasculinity scores than control groups.

Human male sexuality
Human male sexuality encompasses a wide variety of feelings and behaviors. Men's feelings of attraction may be caused by various physical and social traits of their potential partner. Men's sexual behavior can be affected by many factors, including evolved predispositions, individual personality, upbringing, and culture. While most men are heterosexual, and attracted only to women, there are significant minorities of homosexual men and varying degrees of bisexual men. Homosexual males are more common than homosexual females.
Joseph White Musser
Joseph White Musser (March 8, 1872 – March 29, 1954) was a Mormon fundamentalist leader.

Musser was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Amos Milton Musser (an assistant LDS Church historian) and Mary E. White. He is known for his Mormon fundamentalist books, pamphlets and magazines, as well as being considered a prophet by many Mormon fundamentalists.

Pamphlet
A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a leaflet, or it may consist of a few pages that are folded and saddle stapled or sewn at the crease to make a simple book.

In the "International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals", UNESCO defines a pamphlet as "a non-periodical printed publication of 5 to 48 pages, excluding covers, published in a specific country and available to the public," while a book is "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, excluding covers." These definitions are intended solely for UNESCO's book production statistics.
Rivière Qui Barre
Rivière Qui Barre is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada, within Sturgeon County. It is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Highway 44, approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) northwest of Edmonton's city limits. It was founded in 1885 by French-speaking settlers, adding a post office in 1895. The name is the French translation of Kipohtakaw (“river that bars the way”), the Cree name of the nearby river.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
CS Ocean Layer
Ocean Layer was a 2,773 GRT cable ship built as a cargo ship in 1945 by Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg, Germany. She was seized in May 1945 before launching and claimed as a war prize. Named Empire Frome, she was allocated to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). The ship was completed in 1948. She was sold and converted to a cable ship in 1953, operating until 1959 when she caught fire at sea. Although she safely reached port, she was declared a constructive total loss and scrapped.

Deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
2019 FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup
The 2019 FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup (Thai: บาสเกตบอลหญิงชิงแชมป์โลกรุ่นอายุไม่เกิน 19 ปี 2019) (formerly FIBA U19 Women's World Championship) was a tournament organised by FIBA for women's youth national teams aged 19 years old and below and took place in Bangkok, Thailand from 20 to 28 July 2019. Colombia, Germany and Mozambique made their U-19 Women's Basketball World Cup debut.

The United States won their eighth title after defeating Australia in the final in the overtime.

Germany women's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team
The Germany women's national under-18 and under-19 basketball teamis a national basketball team of Germany, administered by the German Basketball Federation (German: Deutscher Basketball Bund e.V.), abbreviated as DBB. It represents the country in under-18 and under-19 women's international basketball competitions.
Nights on the Nile
Nights on the Nile (German: Nächte am Nil) is a 1949 West German musical comedy film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Sonja Ziemann, Wolfgang Lukschy and Kurt Seifert. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin and on location around the city including along the River Havel. The film's sets were designed by the art director Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz.

Havel
The Havel (German: [ˈhaːfl̩] ⓘ) is a river in northeastern Germany, flowing through the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt. The 325-kilometre-long (202 mi) Havel is a right tributary of the Elbe. However, the direct distance from its source to its mouth is only 94 kilometres (58 mi). For much of its length, the Havel is navigable; it provides an important link in the waterway connections between the east and west of Germany, as well as beyond.
George Raper
Commander George Raper (19 September 1769 – 29 September 1796) was a Royal Navy officer and illustrator who as an able seaman joined the crew of HMS Sirius and the First Fleet to establish a colony at Botany Bay. He is best known today for his watercolour sketches of the voyage and settlement, particularly birds and flowers of Sydney Cove.

Sydney Cove
Sydney Cove (Eora: Warrane) is a bay on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, one of several harbours in Port Jackson, on the coast of Sydney, New South Wales. Sydney Cove is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central Sydney location between the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Sydney Cove was the site of the First Fleet's landing on 26 January 1788 and the subsequent raising of the Union Jack, a seminal date in Australian history now marked as Australia Day.
Research Frontiers
Research Frontiers is an American nanotechnology company based in Woodbury, New York that was founded by Robert Saxe in 1965 to develop light control technology from Polaroid known as smart glass. The company develops and licenses its patented SPD-SmartGlass technology. The company currently has six full-time employees.

Woodbury, Nassau County, New York
Woodbury is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 9,335 at the time of the 2020 census.

Woodbury borders Laurel Hollow to the north, Plainview to the south, Syosset to the west, and Cold Spring Harbor, West Hills and South Huntington to the east. Woodbury is located approximately 35 miles (57 km) east of Midtown Manhattan.
Mounted Warfare TestBed
Mounted Warfare TestBed (MWTB) at Fort Knox, Kentucky, was the premier site for distributed simulation experiments in the US Army for over 20 years.  It used simulation systems, including fully manned virtual simulators and computer-generated forces, to perform experiments that examined current and future weapon systems, concepts, and tactics.

"In name only, Cyberspace had its origins in science fiction: its historical beginnings and technological innovations are clearly military (from NASA's primitive flight simulators of the 1940s to the ultra-modern SIMNET-D facilities in Fort Knox, Kentucky)..." - James der Derian, Antidiplomacy

M2 Bradley
The M2 Bradley, or Bradley IFV, is an American infantry fighting vehicle that is a member of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle family. It is manufactured by BAE Systems Land & Armaments (formerly United Defense) and entered service in 1981, with fielding beginning in 1983.

The Bradley is designed for reconnaissance and to transport a nine-man rifle squad, providing them protection from small arms fire, while providing firepower to both suppress and eliminate most threats to friendly infantry. It is designed to be highly maneuverable and to be fast enough to keep up with heavy armor during an advance. The M2 holds a crew of three: a commander, a gunner, and a driver, and can carry six fully equipped soldiers as passengers.

In the year 2000 the total cost of the program was US$5,664,100,000 for 1,602 units, giving an average unit cost of $3,166,000, equivalent to $5,841,000 in 2025.
Mycoplasma synoviae
Mycoplasma synoviae is a species of bacterium in the genus Mycoplasma. It causes disease in the joints, bones and respiratory system of birds. It is found throughout the world and infection may be referred to as infectious synovitis, avian mycoplasmosis, infectious sinusitis, or mycoplasma arthritis. It is of economic importance because infection can cause a drop in egg production. The disease is most commonly seen in chickens, and transmission occurs both vertically and horizontally.

Vertical transmission
Vertical transmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring.  Many metazoan species carry symbiotic bacteria which play a mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic role.  A symbiont is acquired by a host via horizontal, vertical, or mixed transmission.
Gigō Funakoshi
Gigō Funakoshi (Japanese: 船越義豪, Hepburn: Funakoshi Gigō, Funakoshi Yoshitaka) (1906 – 24 November 1945) was the third son of Gichin Funakoshi (the founder of Shotokan karate) and is widely credited with developing the foundation of the modern karate Shōtōkan style.

Kendo
Kendo (Japanese: 剣道, Hepburn: Kendō; lit. 'sword way'  or 'sword path'  or 'way of the sword') is a modern Japanese martial art, descended from kenjutsu (one of the old Japanese martial arts, swordsmanship), that uses bamboo swords (shinai) as well as protective armor (bōgu). It began as samurai warriors' customary swordsmanship exercises, and today, it is widely practiced within Japan and has spread to many other nations across the world.
Emi Nitta
Emi Nitta (新田 恵海, Nitta Emi; born December 10, 1985) is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Nagano Prefecture. She became a voice actress after passing an audition organized by talent agency S-inc. She officially transferred to Difference on 1 September 2017. Some of her major roles are Honoka Kōsaka in Love Live! and Tokoha Anjō in Cardfight!! Vanguard G. She made her anime voice acting debut as Ricca Morizono in Da Capo III. She made an appearance at the Bangkok Comic Con in July 2014.

Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere
Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere is a Japanese light novel series written by Minoru Kawakami and illustrated by Satoyasu. The series is set in the distant future when Japan has been conquered by other countries and divided up into feudal territories. The series is part of a six-stage (particularly the fourth one, called "Genesis") chronicle universe, with Minoru's other light novels (including Owari no Chronicle, the series pre-prequel) encompassing the other five. A 13-episode anime adaptation by Sunrise aired between October and December 2011. A 13-episode second season aired between July and September 2012. Both seasons have been licensed and released on DVD and Blu-ray by Sentai Filmworks in North America and Manga Entertainment in the UK. A video game adaptation for the PlayStation Portable titled Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere Portable was developed by Tenky, and was released in Japan on April 25, 2013.
Marlin Carter
Marlin Theodore "Pee Wee" Carter (December 27, 1912 – December 20, 1993) was an American baseball infielder in the Negro leagues. Carter played from 1932 to 1951 with the Memphis Red Sox, Cincinnati Tigers, and the Chicago American Giants and appeared in the East-West All-Star Game in 1942. Carter served in the U.S. Coast Guard from 1943 to 1945.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time
Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time (Korean: 범죄와의 전쟁: 나쁜놈들 전성시대; lit. War on Crime: The Golden Age of the Bad Guys) is a 2012 South Korean gangster film directed by Yoon Jong-bin starring Choi Min-sik and Ha Jung-woo. The film is set in the 1980s and ’90s in Busan when corruption and crime was so rampant that the government declared war on it in 1990.

Time praised the film, calling it "the Korean mob film Martin Scorsese would be proud of."

Mafia film
Mafia films—a version of gangster films—are a subgenre of crime films dealing with organized crime, often specifically with Mafia organizations. Especially in early mob films, there is considerable overlap with film noir. Popular regional variations of the genre include Italian Poliziotteschi, Chinese Triad films, Japanese Yakuza films, and Indian Mumbai underworld films.
Marcus Turner
Marcus William Turner (16 February 1956 – 2 February 2016) was a New Zealand singer-songwriter and folk musician. He performed at folk festivals in New Zealand, Australia, and overseas. He was also a presenter in the TVNZ children's television programmes Spot On, How's That and Play School (in the latter of which he was also a director).

Turner lived on the Otago Peninsula, near Dunedin, New Zealand. He died in early February 2016.

NHNZ
NHNZ Worldwide (formerly Natural History New Zealand and also known as NHNZ) is a New Zealand–based television production house.

It works and co-produces with multiple major global broadcasters: Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Discovery Science, A&E Television Networks, National Geographic Channel, Travel Channel, NHK (Japan), France 5 and ZDF (Germany). NHNZ's programmes are available in 180 countries.
Finland Proper (historical province)
Finland Proper or Southwest Finland (Finnish: Varsinais-Suomi; Swedish: Egentliga Finland) is a historical province in southwestern Finland, administered by its historic capital of Turku (Swedish: Åbo). Before the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809, it was part of Sweden. It borders Satakunta, Tavastia (Häme), and Uusimaa. It is also bounded by the Baltic Sea facing Åland. The historical provinces have no administrative function today but live on as a historical legacy in Finland and Sweden.

The modern region of Southwest Finland largely corresponds to the historical province. However, the modern region includes Loimaa, which was historically part of Satakunta, and Somero, which historically belonged to Tavastia.

Southwest Finnish dialects are spoken in Southwest Finland.

Uusimaa
Uusimaa (Finnish: [ˈuːsimɑː]; Swedish: Nyland, Finland Swedish: [ˈnyːlɑnd]) is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Kanta-Häme, Päijät-Häme, and Kymenlaakso. Finland's capital and largest city, Helsinki, along with its surrounding metropolitan area, is located in the Uusimaa region, which is Finland's most populous region. Its population is 1,734,000.
Maria das Dores de Oliveira
Maria das Dores de Oliveira (Maria Pankararu) is a Pankararú linguist. She is best known as the first indigenous scholar to have obtained a doctoral degree in Brazil. Her research has focused on the description of the moribund Ofayé language of the Macro-Jê language family, spoken in Brazlândia, Mato Grosso do Sul.

Macro-Jê languages
Macro-Jê (also spelled Macro-Gê) is a medium-sized language family in South America, mostly in Brazil but also in the Chiquitanía region in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. It is centered on the Jê language family, with most other branches currently being single languages due to extinctions.
2015 Finnish Cup
The 2015 Finnish Cup (Suomen Cup) is the 61st season of the Finnish Cup. 132 clubs entered the competition, including all sides on the top two levels of the Finnish football pyramid (Veikkausliiga and Ykkönen), 19 sides from Kakkonen and 91 from lower levels. The winner of the cup enters the first qualifying round of the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League.

Ykkönen
Ykkönen (Finnish for 'Number One'; Swedish: Ettan, previously I divisioona) is the third highest level of the Finnish football league system (after the Veikkausliiga and Ykkösliiga), managed by the Football Association of Finland. Until the end of 2023, Ykkönen was the second-highest level in Finland, but after the creation of new second-tier Ykkösliiga, it was dropped down one level in the league pyramid.
Ellen Gottschalch
Ellen Sofie Kathrine Gottschalch (2 May 1894 – 17 February 1981), was a Danish stage and film actress.

She worked in the Arhus Theatre in 1911 then the Det Ny Theater in Copenhagen from 1912 to 1928. She entered film in 1938. She was employed at the Royal Danish Theatre from 1941 to 1961 where she among roles played in Death of a Salesman and Mor Karen in Elverhøj by Johan Ludvig Heiberg.

She was married to Christian Viggo Gottschalch 1915–1930 and later lived with the composer Kai Normann Andersen from 1932 to 1967. She died in 1981 and was buried at the Frederiksberg Ældre Kirkegård.

Death of a Salesman
Death of a Salesman is a 1949 stage play written by the American playwright Arthur Miller. The play premiered on Broadway on February 10, 1949, running for 742 performances. It is a two-act tragedy set in late 1940s Brooklyn told through a montage of memories, dreams, and arguments of the protagonist Willy Loman, a travelling salesman who is despondent with his life and appears to be slipping into senility. The play addresses a variety of themes, such as the American Dream, the anatomy of truth, and infidelity. It won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Tony Award for Best Play. Since its premiere, the play has been revived on Broadway five times, winning three Tony Awards for Best Revival. It has been adapted for the cinema ten times. In 1999, New Yorker drama critic John Lahr said that with 11 million copies sold, it was "probably the most successful modern play ever published."
Hulston, Missouri
Hulston is an extinct town in Dade County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.

A post office called Hulston was established in 1895, and remained in operation until 1904. The community was named after Christ Hulston, the proprietor of a local mill.

Dade County, Missouri
Dade County is a county located in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,569. Its county seat is Greenfield. The county was organized in 1841 and named after Major Francis L. Dade of Virginia, who was killed in the Second Seminole War in 1835.
Hatfield and Reading Turnpike
The Hatfield and Reading Turnpike , nicknamed the Gout Track, was an English turnpike road created in the 1760s to provide a route that connected the Great North Road (the modern A1) with   the Holyhead Road (A5) and the Bath Road (A4). It had the advantage  that it made it possible for travellers to  avoid congested  London and was shorter in distance. In 1881 it was one of the last of the turnpikes to have its tolls removed.

Marlow, Buckinghamshire
Marlow (/ˈmɑːrloʊ/ MAR-loh), historically Great Marlow or Chipping Marlow, is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in Buckinghamshire, England, 4 miles (6 km) south-southwest of High Wycombe, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Maidenhead and 33 miles (53 km) west of central London.
Al-Qahirah, Hama
Al-Qahirah, Hama (Arabic: القاهرة al-qāhirah) is a Syrian village located in Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict in Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the village had a population of 708 in the 2004 census.

As of 25 April 2025, the village had a population of 1,184.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.