hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shakman Decrees
The Shakman decrees are a series of federal court orders regarding government employment in Chicago, which were issued in 1972, 1979, and 1983, in response to a lawsuit filed by civic reformer Michael Shakman. The decrees bar the practice of political patronage, under which government jobs are given to supporters of a politician or party, and government employees may be fired for not supporting a favored candidate or party.

Shakman filed his initial lawsuit in 1969 and continued the legal battle through 1983. The decrees are compromises, but are considered a victory for Shakman, as political patronage was largely abolished in Chicago.

In 2022, after more than fifty years of litigation, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit vacated the consent decree as to one of the defendants, the governor of Illinois, citing significant progress towards the elimination of political patronage.

Federal judiciary of the United States
The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three branches of the  U.S. federal government organized under the U.S. Constitution and laws of the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary does not include any state court (which includes local courts), which are completely independent from the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary consists primarily of the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. courts of appeals, and the U.S. district courts. It also includes a variety of other lesser federal tribunals.

Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts and place limitations on their jurisdiction. Article III states that federal judges are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, or die.
CFRH-FM
CFRH-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 88.1 FM in Penetanguishene, Ontario. Owned and operated by the Radio-Huronie cooperative, it is a non-profit French-language community radio station for the region's Franco-Ontarian community.

Tiny, Ontario
Tiny, also known as Tiny Township, is a township in Simcoe County, south-central Ontario, Canada.  The Township of Tiny  is in the southern Georgian Bay region and is approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) long or 410 square kilometres (160 sq mi).
Herbert Richards
Herbert Clarence Richards (30 January 1876 – 11 April 1949), commonly referred to as H. C. Richards, was an Australian coachbuilder and politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seat of Sturt from 1921 to 1930 for the Liberal Union and Liberal Federation.

Richards was the eldest son of Tobias John Martin Richards (1850–1939) and Matilda Emily Richards, née Freeman (16 February 1854 – 25 January 1938), and succeeded his father as chairman of directors of T. J. Richards & Sons, coachbuilders and motor body builders of Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide.

He was mayor of Unley 1921–1922.

City of Unley
The City of Unley is a local government area in the Adelaide metropolitan region, South Australia. It is located directly south of the Adelaide city centre.

The Corporate Town of Unley was created in 1871, when 2,000 signatories to a petition from residents of the several towns of Unley, Parkside, Black Forest, Goodwood and Fullarton requested the Governor allow them to form their own municipality and thus sever from the District Council of Mitcham. The first town hall was built in 1880. It became the third municipality in the State to gain city status in 1906 (after the Cities of Adelaide and Port Adelaide), becoming the current City of Unley.
1996–97 Charleston Cougars men's basketball team
The 1996–97 College of Charleston Cougars men's basketball team represented the College of Charleston in the 1996–97 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cougars, led by 18th-year head coach John Kresse, played their home games at F. Mitchell Johnson Arena in Charleston, South Carolina as members of the Trans America Athletic Conference.

After finishing the regular season conference schedule unbeaten (16–0), the Cougars would also win the 1997 TAAC tournament to earn an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as No. 12 seed in the Southeast region. College of Charleston beat No. 5 seed Maryland in the opening round before falling to eventual National champion Arizona in the second round, 73–69. The team set a school record for wins in a season and finished with an overall record of 29–3 as well as a No. 16 ranking in the season’s final AP poll.

The Charleston senior class finished with a four-year record of 101–17.

1996–97 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team
The 1996–97 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team represented the University of Arizona. The head coach was Lute Olson. The team played its home games in the McKale Center, and was a member of the Pacific-10 Conference.

After going 11–7 in conference play the team was seeded fourth in the Southeast Region of the 1997 NCAA tournament.  They went on to win the national championship, the first in program history, defeating three top-seeded teams in the process.
Minerva Theatre, Kolkata
22°35′25″N 88°21′43″E﻿ / ﻿22.59028°N 88.36194°E﻿ / 22.59028; 88.36194
The Minerva Theatre is a theatre in Kolkata, built in 1893. It was erected at the site on Beadon Street where the Great National Theatre stood before. The maiden play held on this stage was 'Macbeth'. It was initially owned by Nagendra Bhusan Mukhopaddhaya. In course of time, it witnessed several transfers of ownership. Sri Girish Chandra Ghosh is noted for having given the last spectacular performance of his life in this theatre. "Minerva" was burnt down in a fire in 1922. However, it was renovated and in 1925, it regained its old status and play acting was resumed. The Minerva, along with the Star and The Classic Theatre, were also one of the places where the first motion pictures in Bengal, made by Hiralal Sen, were screened.

Hiralal Sen
Hiralal Sen (Bengali: হীরালাল সেন, Hiralal Shen; 2 August 1868 – 26 October 1917) is generally considered one of India's first filmmakers. In 1903, he filmed the popular Alibaba and Forty Thieves, the first full-length Indian film. A noted photographer, he is also credited with creating India's first advertising films and quite possibly India's first political film. A fire in 1917 destroyed all of his films.
Jim Schroeder
Jim Schroeder (born c. 1977) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Benedictine University, a position he has held since 2019. He was the head football coach for Rockford University from 2015 to 2018. He also coached for Valparaiso, Columbia, and Davidson. He played college football for Valparaiso as an offensive lineman and professionally for the Dortmund Giants of the German Football League 2 (GFL2).

Rockford University
Rockford University is a private university in Rockford, Illinois, United States.  It was founded in 1847 as Rockford Female Seminary and changed its name to Rockford College in 1892, and to Rockford University in 2013.
Jolly Jumper
Jolly Jumper is a horse character in the Franco-Belgian comics series Lucky Luke, created by Belgian artist Morris. Described as "the smartest horse in the west" and able to perform tasks such as chess-playing and tightrope walking, Jolly Jumper accompanies his cowboy in their travels across the Wild West, and delivers frequent quips.

Much like Lucky Luke, the English-language alliterating Jolly Jumper is rarely renamed in translated versions. Although in the Greek version of the series, Jolly Jumper is female and is called "Dolly". In the Turkish version the character is called "Düldül".

Tightrope walking
Tightrope walking, also called funambulism, is the skill of walking along a thin wire or rope. It has a long tradition in various countries and is commonly associated with the circus. Other skills similar to tightrope walking include slack rope walking and slacklining.
Holiday (KSI song)
"Holiday" is a song by British YouTuber and rapper KSI, from his second studio album, All Over the Place (2021). It was written by KSI, alongside its producers Jake Gosling, Digital Farm Animals and William Vaughan. The song was released for digital download and streaming by RBC Records and BMG on 18 June 2021 as the fourth single from the album. An accompanying music video was released on the same day. "Holiday" is a folk-tinged, midtempo pop song which reflects on the honeymoon period of a relationship.

"Holiday" debuted at number two on the UK Singles Chart and it has been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for exceeding sales of 600,000 units in the UK. The song additionally entered the music charts of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, India, Lithuania, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Republic of Ireland, Singapore, Sweden & the United States. "Holiday" was nominated for the BRIT Award for Song of the Year at the 2022 ceremony.

Brit Awards 2022
Brit Awards 2022, presented by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), was held on 8 February 2022 to recognise the best in British and international music. The ceremony took place at The O2 Arena in London, and was hosted by British comedian Mo Gilligan. Coverage of the red carpet was broadcast on ITV2 and presented by Clara Amfo and Maya Jama.

The BPI announced in November 2021 that the Brit Awards would no longer use gendered categories, and that it would also revive the categories for best Alternative/Rock Act, Dance Act, Hip Hop/Rap/Grime Act, and Pop/R&B Act. Nominations were announced on 18 December 2021, with Adele, Dave, Ed Sheeran, and Little Simz tied for the most nominations, and the largest number of nominations given to female acts since Brit Awards 2010.
James E. Johnson
James Edmund Johnson (January 1, 1926 – December 2, 1950) was a United States Marine and a posthumous recipient of the United States' highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his heroic lone fight on December 2, 1950, to cover the withdrawal of his platoon during the bitter Battle of Chosin Reservoir in Korea. When last seen by his comrades Johnson was wounded, but still engaging the enemy in close grenade and hand-to-hand combat. The enemy were wearing the uniforms of friendly troops at the time. He was listed as missing in action until December 2, 1953, when his status was officially changed to killed in action.

Sergeant Johnson, a veteran of the Peleliu and Okinawa campaigns in World War II, was the seventh Marine awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism in Korea. Although Johnson was serving with a provisional company of the 7th Marines when he earned the Medal of Honor, his regular outfit was the 11th Marines, the same regiment his father had served in during World War I.

11th Marine Regiment
The 11th Marine Regiment is an artillery regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California.  Known as the "Cannon Cockers", the regiment falls under the command of the 1st Marine Division and the I Marine Expeditionary Force. Its primary weapon system is the M777A2 howitzer with a maximum effective range of 30 km, however the 5th Battalion has converted to fire the HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System) weapon system.
Freddie Silva
Haupe Liyanage Athukorala Morris Joseph Ranabahu, (born 18 May 1938 – died 29 October 2001: Sinhala: ෆෙ‍්‍රඩී සිල්වා), popularly as Freddie Silva, was a Sri Lankan film actor, and playback singer, who appeared from 1963 until 2001. Freddie was known for being one of the most popular Sri Lankan comedians of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He appeared in over 400 films and Produced 2 films, of which 300 were screened at the celebration of fifty years in Sinhala Cinema.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
Fisherman's Blues
Fisherman's Blues is the fourth studio album by the Waterboys, released by Ensign Records in October 1988. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among the Waterboys' best work. The album was
the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the Billboard 200.

Sweet Thing (Van Morrison song)
"Sweet Thing" is a song by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison, released on his second studio album Astral Weeks (1968). It is sequenced on the first side of the album, which is entitled In the Beginning.
Beyond All Boundaries (2013 film)
Beyond All Boundaries is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language cricket documentary film directed by Sushrut Jain which is based on the real-life story of three ordinary individuals for whom the sport is a route to fame and a purpose. The film also portrays their addiction to the game, the desperation for winning a World Cup after 28 years.

The story was narrated by Kunal Nayyar who is known for his portrayal of Rajesh Koothrapalli in an American television series The Big Bang Theory. The film was screened at the Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles in 2013 and managed to grab a grand jury prize for Best Documentary and the audience award.

Kunal Nayyar
Kunal Nayyar (/kʊˈnɑːl ˈnaɪ.ər/, kuu-NAHL NY-ər; born 30 April 1981) is an actor and philanthropist who gained recognition for playing Raj Koothrappali on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2007–2019). He also voiced Vijay on the Nickelodeon animated sitcom Sanjay and Craig (2013–2016). Nayar was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 2021 British Academy Television Awards for his role in Criminal: UK.

Forbes listed him as the world's third-highest-paid television actor in 2015 and 2018, with earnings of US$20 million and US$23.5 million, respectively. As of 2024, his net worth is estimated to be $45 million. The asteroid 8627 Kunalnayyar is named after him.
South Urals Railway
The Yuzhno–Uralskaya Railway (Russian: Южно-Уральская железная дорога; "South Ural Railway") is a subsidiary of the Russian Railways headquartered in Chelyabinsk. It is responsible for operating the railway network in several regions, including Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, and Sverdlovsk regions, as well as the Republic of Bashkortostan. The total length of the railway is 4,935 km. Sections of the railway pass through the territory of present-day Kazakhstan.

The railway was part of the Ural, or Perm, Railway until 1934. The Chelyabinsk–Yekaterinburg line was constructed in the 1880s and early 1890s as part of the Trans-Siberian Railway (its southern route). The Orenburg-Samara line was opened in 1877. Several other lines were added during Joseph Stalin's industrialization to serve the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works and other newly built factories.

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
Cornufer mamusiorum
Cornufer mamusiorum is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the central Nakanai Mountains in New Britain, Papua New Guinea. The specific name mamusiorum refers to the Mamusi, a local tribe.

New Britain
New Britain (Tok Pisin: Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits) and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.  The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.

When the island was part of German New Guinea, its name was Neupommern ("New Pomerania").  In common with most of the Bismarcks it was largely formed by volcanic processes, and has active volcanoes including Ulawun (highest volcano nationally), Langila, the Garbuna Group, the Sulu Range, and the volcanoes Tavurvur and Vulcan of the Rabaul caldera. A major eruption of Tavurvur in 1994 destroyed the East New Britain provincial capital of Rabaul. Most of the town still lies under metres of ash, and the capital has been moved to nearby Kokopo.
Rosebud (song)
"Rosebud" is a song by Manic Street Preachers, originally planned for their 2001 album, Know Your Enemy, when it was supposed to be a double album. It was released on 22 July 2022, along with a remastered album and music video directed by Kieran Evans, which contains 1970s footage from the BBC archive.

Kieran Evans
Kieran John Evans (born 8 February 1969) is a Welsh film director and screenwriter whose work includes music videos, film and documentaries. His 2012 film Kelly + Victor, produced by Janine Marmot, saw Evans awarded the BAFTA Award for Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer at the 2014 BAFTAs.
The Marvellous Land of Snergs
The Marvellous Land of Snergs is a children's fantasy, written by Edward Wyke-Smith and illustrated by the Punch cartoonist George Morrow. It was originally published in Britain by Ernest Benn in September 1927, and later published in the U.S. in 1928 by Harper & Brothers. It is notable as an inspiration source for J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit.

Ernest Benn
Sir Ernest John Pickstone Benn, 2nd Baronet, CBE (25 June 1875 – 17 January 1954) was a British publisher, writer and political publicist. His father, John Benn, was a Liberal politician, who had been made a baronet in 1914. He was brother of the Liberal and later Labour politician William Wedgwood Benn, and an uncle of the Labour politician Tony Benn.
René Brodmann
René Brodmann (25 October 1933 – August 2000) was a Swiss football defender who played for Switzerland in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Grasshopper Club Zürich, FC Zürich, and FC St. Gallen. He died during a car crash in August 2000, aged 66.

FC St. Gallen
Fussballclub St. Gallen 1879, commonly known as St. Gallen, is a Swiss professional football club based in the city of St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen. It is the second oldest football club in continental Europe, after Kjøbenhavns Boldklub. The team competes in the Swiss Super League, the top tier of Swiss football.
129th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 129th Infantry Regiment is a United States military unit of the Illinois National Guard. The 129th has served in the American Civil War, Spanish-American War, Pancho Villa Expedition, World War I, and World War II.

Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit).

In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures.
Yahoo Photos
Yahoo! Photos was a photo sharing service launched on March 28, 2000 and owned by Yahoo!, designed specifically for Yahoo! users. Users created individual photo albums, categorized their photos and placed them in the corresponding albums. Users were also able to set access of their albums by publishing them for the viewing pleasure of everyone, disabling access, or marking them as private folders for their own viewing.

The service had unlimited storage for photos, but it was required that photos have the jpeg/jpg extension. In an effort to make it simpler and more efficient, Yahoo had an uploader tool to drag and drop the pictures from one's computer to Yahoo! Photos web page. In March 2005, Yahoo! purchased Flickr, and closed Yahoo! Photos on September 20, 2007 at 9:00 PM (PDT).

Web page
A web page, or webpage, is a Web document that is accessed in a web browser. A website typically consists of many web pages linked together under a common domain name. The term "web page" is therefore a metaphor of paper pages bound together into a book.
Lower Rancheria, California
38°26′17″N 120°49′10″W﻿ / ﻿38.43806°N 120.81944°W﻿ / 38.43806; -120.81944

Lower Rancheria is a former gold-mining camp in Amador County, California. It was located on Rancheria Creek 2 miles (3.2 km) east-southeast of Drytown, at an elevation of 1017 feet (310 m). Placer mining began at Lower Rancheria in 1848.

Prior to 1855, the camp at Lower Rancheria was mostly populated by Spanish-speaking miners. On 6 August, 1855 a series of murders were carried out at the camp by a group of Mexicans, who killed five men and one woman, after which they robbed a safe. Following this, three of the Mexicans were hanged, and the Mexican population of the camp were driven away.

Amador County, California
Amador County (/ˈæmədɔːr/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,474. The county seat is Jackson. Amador County, located within California's Gold Country, is known as "The Heart of the Mother Lode." There is a substantial viticulture industry in the county.
Beaver Dam Raceway
Beaver Dam Raceway was a one-third mile banked clay oval track located in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, U.S.A. The track holds weekly races over the Northern American summer months. It hosts an annual World of Outlaws sprint car races. The 2013 U.S. Dirt Legends Nationals event was held at the track. The World of Outlaws Late Model Series added an event in 2020. It has held midget car events on the POWRi Midget Racing and USAC National Midgets national tours. The track announced in 2024 it is completing the 2024 race schedule and will no longer have "weekly racing" in 2025. The track has since confirmed that it will cease operation following their "Grand Finale" event which will take place on September 19th & 20th of 2025.

Beaver Dam, Wisconsin
Beaver Dam is a city in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States, along Beaver Dam Lake and the Beaver Dam River. The population was 16,708 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city primarily located in Dodge County. It is the principal city of the Beaver Dam Micropolitan Statistical area which is included in the larger Milwaukee–Waukesha–Racine CSA. The city is adjacent to the Town of Beaver Dam.
La Llera (Villaviciosa)
La Llera is one of 41 parishes (administrative divisions) in Villaviciosa, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The parroquia is 2.17 km2 (0.84 sq mi) in size, with a population of 13 (INE 2007).

Parish (administrative division)
A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

The table below lists countries which use this administrative division: