hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electron holography
Electron holography is holography with electron matter waves. It was invented by Dennis Gabor in 1948 when he tried to improve image resolution in an electron microscope. The first attempts to perform holography with electron waves were made by Haine and Mulvey in 1952; they recorded holograms of zinc oxide crystals with 60 keV electrons, demonstrating reconstructions with approximately 1 nm resolution. In 1955, G. Möllenstedt and H. Düker invented an electron biprism, thus enabling the recording of electron holograms in an off-axis scheme. There are many different possible configurations for electron holography, with more than 20 documented in 1992 by Cowley. Usually, high spatial and temporal coherence (i.e. a low energy spread) of the electron beam is required to perform holographic measurements.

Dennis Gabor
Dennis Gabor (/ˈɡɑːbɔːr, ɡəˈbɔːr/ GAH-bor, gə-BOR; Hungarian: Gábor Dénes [ˈɡaːbor ˈdeːnɛʃ]; 5 June 1900 – 9 February 1979) was a Hungarian-British physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971 for his invention of holography. He obtained British citizenship in 1946 and spent most of his life in England.
Boudin (surname)
Boudin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A family of American legal figures and activists

Louis B. Boudin (1874–1952), American Marxist intellectual and lawyer

Leonard Boudin (1912–1989), American civil liberties lawyer (nephew of Louis B. Boudin)
Michael Boudin (1939–2025), American judge
Kathy Boudin (1943–2022), former Weather Underground member convicted of murder, and adjunct professor at Columbia University
Chesa Boudin (born 1980), American lawyer, former District Attorney of San Francisco

Others

Clémence Boudin (born 2008), French ice hockey player

Eugène Boudin (1824–1898), French landscape painter

Isidore Boudin, founder of Boudin Bakery in San Francisco, California

Stéphane Boudin (1888–1967), French interior designer

Boudin Bakery
Boudin Bakery (Anglicized pronunciation: boo-DIN) is a bakery based in San Francisco, California, known for its sourdough bread (trademarked as "The Original San Francisco Sourdough"). The bakery is recognized as the "oldest continually operating business in San Francisco."
An Introduction to... Elliott Smith
An Introduction to... Elliott Smith is a posthumous compilation album by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith, released on November 2, 2010 by Kill Rock Stars in the United States and in the United Kingdom by Domino.

Kill Rock Stars
Kill Rock Stars is an independent record label founded in February 1991 by Slim Moon and Tinuviel Sampson, and based in both Olympia, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. The label has released a variety of work in different genres, but it was originally known for its commitment to underground punk rock bands and the Olympia area music scene.
Lado Guitars
Lado Musical Inc. (popularly known as Lado Guitars, also J.K. Lado & Co. as seen on early-model headstocks) is a Canadian guitar manufacturing company owned and operated by Joe Kovacic (artistic name "Joe Lado"). The company is based in Lindsay, Ontario and produces electric guitars and basses. Vintage-custom, hand made Lado guitars remain some of the most sought after guitars in the world to date.

Headstock
A headstock or peghead is part of a guitar or similar stringed instruments such as a lute, mandolin, banjo, ukulele and others of the lute lineage. The main function of a headstock is to house the tuning pegs or other mechanism that holds the strings at the "head" of the instrument; it corresponds to a pegbox in the violin family. At the "tail" of the instrument the strings are usually held by a tailpiece or bridge. Machine heads on the headstock are commonly used to tune the instrument by adjusting the tension of strings and, consequently, the pitch of sound they produce.
Waldrop
People with the surname Waldrop include:

Howard Waldrop (born 1946), American science fiction writer

Jim Waldrop, American baseball coach

Keith Waldrop (1932–2023), American poet, author, and translator; husband of Rosmarie Waldrop

Kyle Waldrop (born 1985), American baseball pitcher

Kyle Waldrop (outfielder) (born 1991), American baseball outfielder

Lacey Waldrop (born 1993), American softball coach and player

Manse Waldrop (died 1887), American rapist and lynching victim

Mark Waldrop, American musician

Michael Waldrop (born 1961), American musician

Rob Waldrop (born 1971), American football defensive tackle

Rosmarie Waldrop (born 1935), American poet, translator, and publisher

Tony Waldrop (1951–2022), American middle distance runner

Rob Waldrop
Robert F. Waldrop (born December 1, 1971) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL).  He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats, twice earning consensus All-American honors, including a unanimous selection in 1993.  Waldrop played professionally for the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs, and the Memphis Mad Dogs and Toronto Argonauts of the CFL.  He is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame.
James Heaslip
James Alexander Heaslip (11 October 1900 – 13 August 1988) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Rocky River from 1949 to 1968 for the Liberal and Country League.

Heaslip was born in Carrieton and educated at the Appila State School and Prince Alfred College. He was a farmer and grazier, as well as a director of Grosvenor Hotel Ltd and a number of other companies. He was vice-president of the South Australian Wheat and Woolgrowers' Association, a member of the University of Adelaide council from 1959 to 1961 and a member of the Primary Producers Assistance Committee from 1968 to 1971.

He married Nellie Burston McMurray in 1930. They had one son and three daughters.

Electoral district of Rocky River
Rocky River was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from March 1938 to December 1985.

The electorate was based in the Mid North region, around the towns of Crystal Brook, Gladstone and Port Germein. In 1938, the polling places were Beetaloo Valley, Crystal Brook, Napperby, Hundred of Pirie, Wandearah, Warnertown, Appila, Bundaleer Spring, Caltowie, Georgetown, Gladstone, Gulnare, Laura, Narridy, Stone Hut, Tarcowie, Wirrabara, Yandiah, Baroota, Port Germein, Telowie.

John Olsen moved from the abolished Rocky River to Custance at the 1985 election.
Miray (Turkish name)
Miray is a Turkish female given name. According to the Turkish Language Institute (Türk Dil Kurumu) Miray is a Turkish name created from the Persian root Mir and Turkish root Ay. Mir in Persian means leader and Ay in Turkish means the moon. Hence the Turkish Language Institute interprets the meaning of Miray as a "Leader that emanates light like the moon." According to Nişanyan Turkish names database Miray and Mirayşah are feminine names mostly given in the Western parts of Anatolia in Istanbul, İzmir, Bursa, Adana and in the east in the predominantly Turkish Elazığ. Miray is a feminine given name among Balkan Turks. Sevan Nişanyan points out that the origin of the name Miray is the Western Turkoman city of Aydın and finds a correlation with the use of the name Mirayşe which is the short form of Emir Ayşe. He speculates that Emir Ayşe first evolved to Mirayşe and finally to Miray.Mirayşe to Miray per Nişanyan

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.
Pat Lennon (hurler)
Pat Lennon (born 1932) is an Irish hurler who played as a right wing-back for the Kilkenny senior team.

Born in Callan, County Kilkenny, Lennon first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team. He made his senior debut during the 1954 championship. Lennon went on to play a brief role for Kilkenny.

At club level Lennon is a one-time championship medallist with John Locke's. He began his club career with Graigue.

Throughout his career Lennon made just one championship appearance for Kilkenny.

Callan, County Kilkenny
Callan (Irish: Callainn) is a town and civil parish in County Kilkenny in Ireland. Situated 16 km (10 mi) south of Kilkenny on the N76 road to Clonmel, it is near the border with County Tipperary. It is the second largest town in the county, and had a population of 2,475 at the 2016 census. Callan is the chief town of the barony of the same name.
Post-AGB star
A post-AGB star (pAGB, abbreviation of post-asymptotic giant branch) is a type of luminous low-mass supergiant star of intermediate mass in a very late phase of stellar evolution. The post-AGB stage occurs after the asymptotic giant branch (AGB or second-ascent red giant) has ended. The stage sees the dying star, initially very cool and large, shrink and heat up. The duration of the post-AGB stage varies based on the star's initial mass, and can range from 100,000 years for a solar-mass star to just over 1,000 years for more massive stars. The timescale gets slightly shorter with lower metallicity.

Towards the end of this stage, post-AGB stars also tend to produce protoplanetary nebulae as they shed their outer layers, and this creates a large infrared excess and obscures the stars in visible light. After reaching an effective temperature of about 30,000 K, the star is able to ionise its surrounding nebula, producing a true planetary nebula.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Danube–Tisza Interfluve
Danube–Tisza Interfluve is the landscape in Hungarian territory (Hungary and Vojvodina (Vajdaság) in Serbia) in the Pannonian Basin between the Danube and Tisza rivers, east of Transdanubia. It covers a large part of the Great Hungarian Plain.

Interfluve
An interfluve is a narrow, elongated and plateau-like or ridge-like landform between two valleys. More generally, an interfluve is defined as an area of higher ground between two rivers in the same drainage system.
Popowicz
Popowicz (Polish pronunciation: [pɔˈpɔvit͡ʂ]) is a Polish surname. Notable people include:

Eugeniusz Popowicz (born 1961), Polish Archbishop-Metropolitan of Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Przemyśl–Warsaw

Dariusz Popowicz, Acid Drinkers lead guitarist

Jan Popowicz (born 1948), Polish archer

Maciej Popowicz (born 1984), Polish creator of nasza-klasa.pl and Ten Square Games

Marika Popowicz-Drapała (born 1988), Polish track and field athlete

Marika Popowicz-Drapała
Marika Popowicz-Drapała (Polish pronunciation: [maˈrika pɔˈpɔvit͡ʂ draˈpawa]; born 28 April 1988) is a Polish track and field sprinter. She won bronze medals in the 100 metres and 200 metres at the 2009 European Under-23 Championships. Popowicz-Drapała earned several major medals as part of Poland's women's relays (mostly 4 x 100 metres relays).

She earned 15 individual Polish national titles.
Beverly Powder House
The Beverly Powder House is a historic military storage magazine on Powder House Lane in Beverly, Massachusetts.  Built in 1809, this small brick building housed the community's military supplies during the War of 1812, and is one of a few such structures to survive in the state.  It is the town's only surviving Federal-period municipal structure. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Magazine (artillery)
A magazine is an item or place within which ammunition or other explosive material is stored. The word is taken originally from the Arabic word makhāzin (مخازن), meaning "storehouses", via Italian and Middle French.

The term is also used for an ammunition dump, a place where large quantities of ammunition are stored for later distribution. This usage is less common.
Brian Flies
Brian Flies (born 29 August 1969) is a Danish retired footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. Flies was a member of the Denmark U21 national team at the 1992 Olympic tournament, though he did not play any games. He became manager of Næstved BK in the summer of 2010. He resigned on 30 September 2011.

Næstved Boldklub
Næstved Boldklub is a Danish association football team based in Næstved in the South of Zealand. Næstved Boldklub is the professional superstructure of the parent club Næstved Idræts Forening (Næstved IF) and currently plays in the Danish 2nd Division, the third tier of Danish football league system.

The team's regular colours have been green and white throughout the club's history. It plays its home games at TintShop Park. The main rivals are Nykøbing FC (former B1901) and Slagelse B&I. Other rivals are Herfølge Boldklub and Køge Boldklub (the two clubs now merged to HB Køge).

Formerly a regular team in the top half of the Danish Superliga, Næstved has been tempting fate in the second and third tier since after the relegation. Since then Næstved Boldklub have been struggling financially which have been a factor in the club's struggles limiting and sometimes prevent the club from signing contracts with players.
A Man Called Gannon
A Man Called Gannon is a 1968 American Western film directed by James Goldstone starring Tony Franciosa, Michael Sarrazin, Judi West, Susan Oliver, and  John Anderson.  The film is a remake of Man Without a Star (1955) which was based on the novel Man Without a Star by Dee Linford.

Supporting actors in the film are David Sheiner, James Westerfield, Gavin MacLeod, Eddie Firestone, and Ed Peck.

McFarland & Company
McFarland & Company, Inc., is an American independent book publisher based in Jefferson, North Carolina, that specializes in academic and reference works, as well as general-interest adult nonfiction.

Its president is Rhonda Herman. Its current Editor-in-Chief is Steve Wilson. Its former president and current President Emeritus is Robert Franklin, who founded the company in 1979.

McFarland employs a staff of about 50, and as of 2019 had published 7,800 titles. McFarland's initial print runs average 600 copies per book.
Ian Renard
Ian Renard AM was the 19th Chancellor of the University of Melbourne, from February 2005 to January 2009. He holds a Master of Laws from the university, is an alumnus of Ormond College, along with being a former President of the Melbourne University Liberal Club from 1966 to 1968. Renard is a former partner of major Australian law firm Allens Arthur Robinson. He was the chairman of the Melbourne Theatre Company.  Ian Renard is the chairman of the RE Ross Trust.

Melbourne Theatre Company
The Melbourne Theatre Company is a theatre company based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1953 as the Union Theatre Repertory Company at the Union Theatre at the University of Melbourne, it is the oldest professional theatre company in Australia.

The company's Southbank Theatre houses the 500-seat Sumner and the 150-seat Lawler, and the company also performs in the Arts Centre Melbourne's Fairfax Studio and Playhouse, all located in Melbourne's Arts Precinct in Southbank.  Considered Victoria's state theatre company, it formally comes under the auspices of the University of Melbourne. As of 2013 it offered a Mainstage Season of ten to twelve plays each year, as well as education, family and creative development activities, and reported having a subscriber base of approximately 20,000 people and played to around a quarter of a million people annually.
Buddy (2013 film)
Buddy is a 2013 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Raaj Prabavthy Menon. The film was produced by Augustin Jackson and features an ensemble cast of Anoop Menon, Balachandra Menon, Babu Antony, Mithun Murali, Lal, Srikanth, Bhumika Chawla, and Asha Sharath. Balachandra Menon made a comeback after a long time through this film. The film is inspired by The Kids Are All Right (2010).

Bhumika Chawla
Bhumika Chawla (born Rachna Chawla; 21 August 1978) is an Indian actress known primarily for her work in Telugu cinema, along with a few Hindi and Tamil films. She made her acting debut with the film Yuvakudu (2000) and subsequently became one of the leading female stars of Telugu cinema during the early 2000s. Her notable films include Kushi (2001), Okkadu (2003), Simhadri (2003), Tere Naam (2003), Jai Chiranjeeva (2005), Sillunu Oru Kaadhal (2006), Badri (2001), and Middle Class Abbayi (2017).
Texas special operations units
Texas special operations units of the Texas Military Forces conduct special operations for the Texas Military Department via the Domestic Operations Command (DOMOPS) while under Title 32 command, and via United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) while under Title 10 command.

Special operations
Special operations or special ops are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment." Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counterterrorism, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as special forces (SF) or special operations forces (SOF).
Botanischer Garten in Bad Langensalza
The Botanischer Garten in Bad Langensalza is a botanical garden located at Kurpromenade 5b, Bad Langensalza, Thuringia, Germany. The garden opened in 2002, and now contains an alpine garden, wet meadow, medicinal and aromatic garden, and succulent collections (agaves, cacti, yuccas), with notable specimens of Agave americana and Dioscorea elephantipes. It is open daily in the warmer months; admission is free.

Agave americana
Agave americana, commonly known as the century plant, maguey, or American aloe, is a flowering plant species belonging to the family Asparagaceae. It is native to Mexico and the United States, specifically Texas. This plant is widely cultivated worldwide for its ornamental value and has become naturalized in various regions, including Southern California, the West Indies, South America, the Mediterranean Basin, Africa, the Canary Islands, India, China, Thailand, New Zealand and Australia.

Despite being called "American aloe" in common parlance, Agave americana is not closely related to Aloe species.
Balfour, Orkney
Balfour is a village on the island of Shapinsay, Orkney. The village is situated on Elwick Bay, which was used as an anchorage by Haakon IV of Norway before sailing south to eventual defeat at the Battle of Largs in 1263. Today, the village still possesses a harbour, with mock defensive walls constructed at the same time as the castle. David Balfour even added a stone marked with the date 1725, taken from Noltland Castle on the island of Westray, to his defences. A car ferry to Kirkwall, operated by Orkney Ferries, sails from a pier at the harbour. This became a roll-on/roll-off service in 1990.

Westray
Westray (/ˈwɛstri/ WEST-ree; Scots: Westree) is one of the Orkney Islands in Scotland with a usual resident population of a little over 550 people. Its main village is Pierowall, with a heritage centre, the 15th-century Lady Kirk church and pedestrian ferry service to nearby Papa Westray island.  Westray has a number of archeological sites dating from 3500 BC, and remains of several Norse-Viking settlements.  The spectacular sea cliffs around Noup Head are home to thousands of seabirds.
Stand on It (Bruce Springsteen song)
"Stand on It" is a song written and originally recorded by Bruce Springsteen.  Springsteen initially released it as the non-LP B-side of the "Glory Days" single in May 1985; the track was also featured in the film Ruthless People and its accompanying soundtrack album.  "Stand On It" later appeared in a slightly longer version with an extra verse on Springsteen's outtakes and B-sides compilation Tracks. Another version appeared on the 2025 followup to that collection, Tracks II: The Lost Albums.

A little over a year after Springsteen's release, the song was recorded by American country music artist Mel McDaniel. It was released in September 1986 as the lead single from McDaniel's album, Just Can't Sit Down Music. It peaked at number 12 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and number 5 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

Ruthless People
Ruthless People is a 1986 American black comedy film directed by David Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and Jerry Zucker and written by Dale Launer. It stars Danny DeVito, Bette Midler, Judge Reinhold, Anita Morris, and Helen Slater, with Bill Pullman in a supporting role in his film debut. The film is the story of a couple who kidnap their ex-boss's wife to get revenge and extort money from him. They soon realize he does not want her back and was planning to kill her himself.  Meanwhile, the boss's mistress plans a blackmail attempt on him, which also fails to go as planned.

The film was a critical and commercial success. This was the last film released under the Touchstone Films label before Walt Disney Studios changed the name of the label to Touchstone Pictures as well as the last film directed by the Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker trio together.
David Sydenham
David Alfred Donald Sydenham (born 6 April 1934) is a former English first-class cricketer. A left-arm fast bowler, he played with Surrey County Cricket Club from 1957 to 1965, then had one further match in 1972.

In the 1962 season Sydenham topped the national bowling averages with 115 wickets at 17.65. In May 1964 he took 9 for 70 and 3 for 31 in Surrey's victory over Gloucestershire at The Oval. In his first List A match, he took 4 for 6 off 9 overs against Cheshire in the Gillette Cup in 1964; he took Cheshire's first four wickets in five balls, including a hat-trick.

A chiropodist by profession, David Sydenham held managerial posts in the National Health Service.

He was sometimes confused with his contemporary, the Southampton footballer John Sydenham, to whom he was not related.

Friends Provident Trophy
The Friends Provident Trophy was a one-day cricket competition in the British Isles.

It was one of the four tournaments in which the eighteen first-class counties competed each season. They were joined by teams from Scotland and Ireland. Lancashire won the title a record seven times.

The competition was previously known as the Gillette Cup (1963–1980), the NatWest Trophy (1981–2000), and the C&G Trophy (2000–2006). For a short period following the 2006 season, the competition was known as the ECB One-Day Trophy because no sponsors were forthcoming when Cheltenham and Gloucester decided to end their association with the competition after the 2006 season. The tournament, along with the Pro40 forty-overs competition, was replaced by the ECB 40 competition from the 2010 season.