hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Gnat
Four ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Gnat after the insect.

The first HMS Gnat (1856) was a Cheerful-class gunboat built at Laird's shipyard and launched on 10 May 1856. She was broken up in August 1864.

The second HMS Gnat (1867) was a composite screw gunvessel launched at Pembroke Dockyard on 26 November 1867.  She was wrecked on Balabac Island in the South China Sea on 11 November 1868.

The third HMS Gnat (1906) was a small coastal destroyer launched by Thornycroft at Chiswick on 1 December 1906 and sold for scrapping on 9 May 1921.

The most recent HMS Gnat (T60) was an Insect-class gunboat launched by Lobnitz and Co. Shipyard at Renfrew in Scotland on 3 December 1915. She was torpedoed by a submarine on 21 October 1941 and beached at Alexandria, where she was converted to a fixed anti-aircraft platform. She was broken up in 1945.

Gnat
A gnat (/ˈnæt/)  (also knat) is any of many species of tiny flying insects in the dipterid suborder Nematocera, especially those in the families Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Sciaridae.  Most often they fly in large numbers, called clouds. "Gnat" is a loose descriptive category rather than a phylogenetic or other technical term, so there is no scientific consensus on what constitutes a gnat. Some entomologists consider only non-biting flies to be gnats. Certain universities and institutes also distinguish eye gnats: the Smithsonian Institution describes them as "non-biting flies, no bigger than a few grains of salt, ... attracted to fluids secreted by your eyes".
Bitches Ain't Shit
"Bitches Ain't Shit" is the final song of Dr. Dre's 1992 album The Chronic. Though never a single, it was an underground hit that contributed significantly to the album's sales. In addition to Dre's verse, "Bitches Ain't Shit" also features Dat Nigga Daz, Kurupt and singer Jewell. It proved controversial due to its prevalent themes of misogyny.

Kurupt
Ricardo Emmanuel Brown (born November 23, 1972), better known by his stage name Kurupt, is an American rapper and record producer. Born in Philadelphia and raised in Los Angeles, he formed Tha Dogg Pound in 1992 along with Daz Dillinger; the rap duo has released eight albums. He also formed the hip-hop group The Hrsmn in 1996, with whom he has released two albums. His debut solo album, Kuruption! (1998) was released by A&M Records and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200.
Kareela (ferry)
Kareela was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1905, the double-ended timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited in response to the early twentieth century boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. She was the first of Sydney Ferries Limited's boats to have a fully enclosed upper deck.

She survived the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge when many ferries were removed from service, and also the early 1950s rationalisation of the fleet following its takeover by the Government of New South Wales. Nicknamed "The Box", she had a relatively incident free career apart from a collision with a wharf that killed three of her passengers. She was sold in 1959 and broken up.

"Kareela" is thought to be an Australian Aboriginal word meaning "south wind".

Taronga Zoo
Taronga Zoo Sydney is a government-run public zoo located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, in the Lower North Shore suburb of Mosman, on the shores of Sydney Harbour. It offers great views of Sydney Harbour and the city. The opening hours are between 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (May to August) and 9:30 am to 5:00 pm (September to April). Taronga is an Aboriginal word meaning "beautiful view".

It was officially opened on 7 October 1916. Taronga Zoo Sydney is managed by the Zoological Parks Board of New South Wales, under the trading name Taronga Conservation Society, along with its sister zoo, the Taronga Western Plains Zoo in Dubbo.

Divided into various zoogeographic regions, the 28-hectare (69-acre) Taronga Zoo Sydney is home to more than 5,000 animals of approximately 350 different species. It has a zoo shop, a cafe, and an information centre.
Chartreuse (dish)
A chartreuse is a French dish comprising vegetables such as cabbage, chicory or carrot (and sometimes also meat) that are wrapped tightly in a decorative layer of salad or vegetable leaves and cooked within a dome mould. Variations of the dish have been in existence since at least the eighteenth century.

In classic French cuisine it is cooked in a bain-marie and served hot. Chef Marie-Antoine Careme described Chartreuse as the "queen of entrees".  Nowadays it is usually a dish of partridge with cabbage and is called chartreuse of partridge.

It was the non-meat diet of the monastic order of Carthusians that had been founded at Chartreuse that gave the dish its name as, originally, it was made just with vegetables. The appearance of the chartreuse may be varied according to the colours, cut, and arrangement of the external vegetables.

Bain-marie
A bain-marie (English: /ˌbænməˈriː/ BAN-mə-REE, French: [bɛ̃ maʁi]), also known as a water bath or double boiler, a type of heated bath, is a piece of equipment used in science, industry, and cooking to heat materials gently or to keep materials warm over a period of time. A bain-marie is also used to melt ingredients for cooking.
263 Dresda
263 Dresda is a typical Main belt asteroid. It belongs to the Koronis family of asteroids.

It has a lightly coloured surface and likely is not composed of carbonaceous materials, but is similar in composition as another Koronis family member, 243 Ida.

It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 3 November 1886 in Vienna.

The asteroid's name derives from the German city of Dresden.

Johann Palisa
Johann Palisa (6 December 1848 – 2 May 1925) was an Austrian astronomer, born in Troppau, Austrian Silesia, now Czech Republic. He was a prolific discoverer of asteroids, discovering 122 in all, from 136 Austria in 1874 to 1073 Gellivara in 1923. Some of his notable discoveries include 153 Hilda, 216 Kleopatra, 243 Ida, 253 Mathilde, 324 Bamberga, and the near-Earth asteroid 719 Albert. Palisa made his discoveries without the aid of photography, and he remains the most successful visual (non-photographic) asteroid discoverer of all time. He was awarded the Valz Prize from the French Academy of Sciences in 1906. The asteroid 914 Palisana, discovered by Max Wolf in 1919, and the lunar crater Palisa were named in his honour.
Marovo language
Marovo is an Austronesian language of the Solomon Islands. It is spoken in the New Georgia Group on islands in Marovo Lagoon and on the neighbouring islands of New Georgia, Vangunu and Nggatokae. The usual word order in sentences is verb–subject–object.

Names for local fauna are similar to but still much distinct from those in Roviana (and presumably other New Georgia languages).

Nggatokae Island
Nggatokae Island is an island in the New Georgia Islands  within Western Province, Solomon Islands.
It is served by Gatokae Aerodrome.

The island is an extinct volcano, the highest peak is Mount Mariu (887 m.).

The island has an area of 93 km2, and a population of 2,367 (1999 census).
European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array
The European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array (EURECA) is a planned dark matter search experiment using cryogenic detectors and an absorber mass of up to 1 tonne. The project will be built in the Modane Underground Laboratory and will bring together researchers working on the CRESST and EDELWEISS experiments.

EURECA featured prominently in the ASPERA road map of Astroparticle Physics experiments in Europe.

Cryogenic particle detector
Cryogenic particle detectors operate at very low temperature, typically only a few degrees above absolute zero. These sensors interact with an energetic elementary particle (such as a photon) and deliver a signal that can be related to the type of particle and the nature of the interaction. While many types of particle detectors might be operated with improved performance at cryogenic temperatures, this term generally refers to types that take advantage of special effects or properties occurring only at low temperature.
Epsom Wells
Epsom Wells is a 1672 restoration comedy by the English writer Thomas Shadwell. It was the first in a line of plays set in spa towns. The incidental music was composed by Nicholas Staggins. In the 1690s Henry Purcell scored a new staging of the play. It was performed at the Dorset Garden Theatre by the Duke's Company. The cast included Henry Harris as Rains, Thomas Betterton as Bevil, William Smith as Woodly, Cave Underhill as Justice Clodpate, Anne Gibbs as Lucia, Mary Betterton as Mrs Jilt, James Nokes as Bisket and Edward Angel as Fribble.

It continued to be revived well into the eighteenth century.

Dorset Garden Theatre
51°30′51″N 0°6′29″W﻿ / ﻿51.51417°N 0.10806°W﻿ / 51.51417; -0.10806

The Dorset Garden Theatre in London, built in 1671, was in its early years also known as the Duke of York's Theatre, or the Duke's Theatre. In 1685, King Charles II died and his brother, the Duke of York, was crowned as James II. When the Duke became King, the theatre became the Queen's Theatre in 1685, referring to James' second wife, Mary of Modena. The name remained when William III and Mary II came to the throne in 1689.

It was the fourth home of the Duke's Company, one of the two patent theatre companies in Restoration London, and after 1682 continued to be used by the company's successor, the United Company.

It was demolished in 1709.
Hotbox (song)
"Hotbox" is a song by American rapper Lil Nas X, released on March 14, 2025. It was released as the second single from his third extended play, Days Before Dreamboy, through Columbia Records. The song, a pop rap record, was written by Nas X himself, alongside the song's producers, Take a Daytrip, Omer Fedi, and Ojivolta. Upon its release, the song charted at number 57 on TopHit's Lithuania Airplay chart, number 45 on the Czech Republic's Rádio – Top 100 chart, and number 33 on the Official Aotearoa Music Charts in New Zealand, the song's highest position on any chart it made. A music video for the song was also released, which featured an extended version of the song.

Rádio – Top 100 (Czech Republic)
Rádio – Top 100 (originally Rádio Top 100 Oficiální) is the Czech national airplay chart published by the IFPI Czech Republic on a weekly basis. Besides the main Top 100 record chart, also two component charts are effective. The Rádio Top 50 features songs released exclusively by Czech and/or Slovak artists. Online versions of the charts are released at ifpicr.cz/hitparada, featuring Top 100, respectively Top 50 positions, depending on a chart release.

As of the issue dated February 23, 2026 the current number-one single on the chart is "Gone Gone Gone" by David Guetta, Teddy Swims and Tones and I.
1888 Isle of Thanet by-election
The 1888 Isle of Thanet by-election was held on 29 June 1888 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Edward Robert King-Harman.  The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate James Lowther, a former MP and government minister.

Isle of Thanet (UK Parliament constituency)
Isle of Thanet was a county constituency which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885, until it was abolished for the February 1974 general election.

It was located on the Isle of Thanet, in Kent.
Waterford Crystal Cup
The Waterford Crystal Cup was an annual hurling competition organised by the Munster Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association from 2006 to 2015 for the top inter-county teams and third-level institutes and universities in the province of Munster in Ireland.

The series of games were played during January and February. The prize for the winning team is a special piece of glassware donated by Waterford Crystal. This cup competition was always been played on a straight knockout basis whereby once a team loses they are eliminated from the series of games.

The Waterford Crystal Cup was effectively a pre-season tournament.  It allowed teams to blood new players and to experiment prior to the opening of the National Hurling League (for county teams) or Fitzgibbon Cup (for third-level teams).

Fitzgibbon Cup
The Fitzgibbon Cup (Irish: Corn Mhic Giobúin) is the trophy for the premier hurling championship among higher education institutions (universities, colleges and institutes of technology) in Ireland.

The Fitzgibbon Cup competition is administered by Comhairle Ard Oideachais Cumann Lúthchleas Gael (CLG), the GAA's Higher Education Council. Comhairle Ard Oideachais also oversees the Ryan Cup (tier 2 hurling championship), the Fergal Maher Cup (tier 3 hurling championship) and the Padraig MacDiarmada (tier 4 hurling championship).

The GAA Higher Education Cups are sponsored by Electric Ireland.
Lecanicillium
Lecanicillium is a genus of fungi in the order Hypocreales and is described as anamorphic Cordycipitaceae; 21 species are currently described.  Some of these entomopathogenic fungus species were previously widely known as Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas. This genus was first named and introduced by Rasoul Zare (IRIPP) and Walter Gams (CBS).

Walter Gams
Konrad Walter Gams (9 August 1934 – 9 April 2017) was an Austrian mycologist. He worked as a scientist for his entire career at the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute) in the Netherlands. He served in the international authority on classification of fungi, the Special Committee on Fungi and Lichens (renamed Nomenclatural Committee for Fungi), from which he contributed to the development of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. Some species of fungi he identified became sources of pharmaceutical drugs such as cephalosporin C (antibiotic) from Sarocladium strictum and Acremonium chrysogenum, and ciclosporin (immunosuppressant) from Tolypocladium inflatum.
Chen Jue
Chen Jue or Jue Chen is the name of:

Chen Jue (Southern Tang) (died 959), official of Yang Wu and Southern Tang during the Five Dynasties period

Chen Jue (revolutionary) (1903–1928), Chinese communist revolutionary and official

Chen Jue (athlete) (born 1988), Chinese sprinter

Jue Chen (scientist), Chinese-American biochemist

Jue Chen (singer) (born 1998), Chinese singer

Chen Jue (Southern Tang)
Chen Jue (陳覺) (died 959?) was a key official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period states Wu and Wu's successor state Southern Tang, becoming chief of staff to Southern Tang's second emperor Li Jing.  He was considered an ally of the senior statesman Song Qiqiu, and after Song lost power, Chen was exiled and killed on the way to exile.
Nora Andy Napaltjarri
Nora Andy Napaltjarri (born c. 1957) is a Warlpiri- and Luritja-speaking Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region. Like her mother Entalura Nangala, Nora has painted for Indigenous artists' cooperative Papunya Tula. Her work has been exhibited at the Gauguin Museum in Tahiti, and is held by Artbank.

Western Desert cultural bloc
The Western Desert cultural bloc (also capitalised, abbreviated to WDCB, or just Western Desert) is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 mi2), used to describe a group of linguistically and culturally similar Aboriginal Australian nations.
Zaynolabideen Ghorbani
Sheikh Zaynolabideen Ghorbani Persian: شیخ زین‌العابدین قربانی, (born 1933) is an Iranian Ayatollah. He represented the Supreme Leader of Iran for Gilan Province, as well as leading prayers in Lahijan and Rasht. He represented the people in Gilan for both the Assembly of Experts (from 1990 to 2024), and Islamic Consultative Assembly (from 1984 to 1988).

Lahijan
Lahijan (Persian: لاهیجان) is a city in close proximity to the Caspian Sea within the Central District of Lahijan County, in northwestern Iran's Gilan province. It serves as capital of both the county and the district.

Lahijan is distinguished by its blend of traditional and modern architectural styles. Situated on the northern slope of the Alborz Mountains, the city exhibits an Iranian-European urban structure. Its culture and favourable climatic conditions have positioned Lahijan as a significant tourist destination in northern Iran. The city's foundations are built upon sediments deposited by prominent rivers in Gilan, including the Sepid/Sefid-Rud (White River). Throughout history, Lahijan has been a prominent commercial centre and served as the capital of East Gilan under specific rulers. Over various historical periods, Lahijan has garnered recognition as a notable tourism hub within the Islamic world.
Hinton Charterhouse Field
Hinton Charterhouse Field (grid reference ST764574) is a 0.32 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) near the village of Hinton Charterhouse in Bath and North East Somerset, United Kingdom. It was SSSI notified in 1991.

The site is situated on a west-facing slope of a shallow valley of the Cotswolds to the south of Bath and is underlain by Oolitic Limestone. The sward contains a population of the nationally rare Field Eryngo (Eryngium campestre).

Eryngium campestre
Eryngium campestre, known as field eryngo, or Watling Street thistle, is a species of Eryngium, which is also used medicinally.  A member of the carrot family Apiaceae, it is a hairless, greenish perennial plant with tough spiny leaves.
Save The 100 Club Benefit Concert
On December 1, 2010, at London's 100 Club, a benefit concert was performed to help the historic live venue to remain at its home at 100 Oxford Street. Guitarist Stephen Dale Petit, who organised the show, performed at the concert alongside his special guests Rolling Stones Ronnie Wood, Mick Taylor and original Stones bassist Dick Taylor, as well as British Blues figure Chris Barber. Tickets sold out immediately and the concert was described by The Express as “one of the most memorable gigs to be performed at a venue where memorable gigs are the norm”  and by The Times as “worthy of a place in the 100 Club folklore”

Dick Taylor
Richard Clifford Taylor (born 28 January 1943) is an English musician, best known as the guitarist and founder of the Pretty Things. Taylor was also a founding member of the Rolling Stones, playing guitar and bass guitar, but left the band to resume his studies at Sidcup Art College. While there he formed the Pretty Things in September 1963, which he played with until the band's retirement in 2018. As of 2024, he plays lead guitar for the band the Hillmans.
Joseph Vernon Jones
Joseph Vernon Jones (August 23, 1834 - October 9, 1912) of Urne, Wisconsin was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1887 session. Jones represented Buffalo County, Wisconsin. He was a Republican.

Republican Party of Wisconsin
The Republican Party of Wisconsin is a conservative and populist political party in Wisconsin and is the Wisconsin affiliate of the United States Republican Party (GOP).  The state party chair is Brian Schimming. The state party is divided into 72 county parties for each of the state's counties, as well as organizations for the state's eight congressional districts. It currently controls the majority of Wisconsin's U.S. House seats, one of its U.S. Senate seats, and has majorites in both houses of the state legislature.
Jardin botanique de la Font de Bézombes
The Jardin botanique de la Font de Bézombes (2 hectares) is a private botanical garden located in Saint-André-de-Sangonis, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The garden contains three environments organized into seven sections: tropical, desert, swamp, Chinese, herbs, vegetables, and French garden. It is open on the first weekend of the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.

Languedoc-Roussillon
Languedoc-Roussillon (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃ɡ(ə)dɔk ʁusijɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Lengadòc-Rosselhon [ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔk ruseˈʎu]; Catalan: Llenguadoc-Rosselló) is a former administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, it joined with the region of Midi-Pyrénées to become Occitania. It comprised five departments, and bordered the other French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées towards the north, and Spain, Andorra and the Mediterranean Sea towards the south. It was the southernmost region of mainland France.
Ann Graves
Ann Graves is an Irish Sinn Féin politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Fingal East constituency since the 2024 general election.

Originally from Drumcondra, Graves has lived in Swords since the early 1990s. She has three children and one grandchild. Before entering politics, she worked as a shop steward for the SIPTU trade union in the education sector.

Graves began her political involvement in Fingal by supporting the campaign of Louise O'Reilly, a Sinn Féin TD for the former five-seat Fingal constituency. Graves was co-opted onto Fingal County Council in 2018 and subsequently elected at the 2019 local elections. She was an unsuccessful candidate at the 2019 Dublin Fingal by-election. She lost her council seat at the 2024 Irish local elections, but was co-opted again in September 2024.

2019 Irish local elections
The 2019 Irish local elections were held in all local authorities in Ireland on Friday, 24 May 2019, on the same day as the 2019 European Parliament election and a referendum easing restrictions on divorce. Each local government area is divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) where three to seven councillors are elected on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
Thioformaldehyde
Thioformaldehyde is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH2S.  It is the simplest thioaldehyde.  This compound is not observed in the condensed state (solid or liquid) because it oligomerizes to 1,3,5-trithiane, which is a stable colorless compound with the same empirical formula.

Despite the instability of these concentrated forms, thioformaldehyde as a dilute gas has been extensively studied.  For these purposes, it is produced by thermal decomposition of dimethyl disulfide.  The molecule has been observed in the interstellar medium and has attracted much attention for its fundamental nature.  The tendency of thioformaldehyde to form chains and rings is a manifestation of the double bond rule.

Although thioformaldehyde tends to oligomerize, many metal complexes are known.  One example is Os(SCH2)(CO)2(PPh3)2.

Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3SSCH3. It is a flammable liquid with an unpleasant, garlic-like odor resembling that of "leaking gas". The compound is colorless, although impure samples often appear yellowish.
Kyohei Yamashita
Kyohei Yamashita (山下 恭平, Yamashita Kyōhei; born 12 October 1998) is a Japanese badminton player who competes in doubles events. He is a former member of the Japanese national team and plays for the NTT East team.

Yamashita won a bronze medal in mixed doubles at the 2021 World Championships with partner Naru Shinoya. After Shinoya retired in 2024, Yamashita shifted his focus to men's doubles, partnering Hiroki Midorikawa. The pair finished as runners-up at the 2026 India Open (Super 750) and won four International Challenge/Series titles between 2019 and 2024. Yamashita also represented Japan in team competitions, winning bronze medals at the 2022 Asian Games and the Sudirman Cup in 2023 and 2025.

Japan national badminton team
The Japan national badminton team (Japanese: 日本代表バドミントンチーム) represents Japan in international badminton competitions. The Japanese women's team have won the Uber Cup 6 times, with their most recent being the 2018 Uber Cup. The men's team won their first Thomas Cup title in 2014. The mixed team were runners-up three times at the Sudirman Cup.

The Japanese badminton team has been prestigious in the Olympics, having won a gold medal in the 2016 Summer Olympics and a silver and 2 bronze medals.