hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Haddington
The Treaty of Haddington was a treaty signed on 7 July 1548 between France and Scotland that promised Mary, Queen of Scots to Dauphin Francis in marriage in return for French assistance in the Siege of Haddington and subsequent French influence in Scotland. Mary, only six years old at the time, subsequently went to live in France, eventually marrying the Dauphin, while her regents ruled in her name in Scotland.

Siege of Haddington
The sieges of Haddington were a series of sieges staged at the Royal Burgh of Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland, as part of the War of the Rough Wooing, one of the last Anglo-Scottish Wars. Following Regent Arran's defeat at the battle of Pinkie Cleugh on Saturday 10 September 1547, he captured the town of Haddington. The intention was to form a network of mutually supporting English forts in lowland Scotland. The English forces built artillery fortifications and were able to withstand an assault by the besieging French and Scots troops supported by heavy cannon in July 1548. Although the siege was scaled down after this unsuccessful attempt, the English garrison abandoned the town on 19 September 1549, after attrition by Scottish raids at night, sickness, and changing political circumstance.
Nikolayevka, Pospelikhinsky District, Altai Krai
Nikolayevka (Russian: Николаевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Pospelikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,336 as of 2013. There are 12 streets.

Pospelikhinsky District
Pospelikhinsky District (Russian: Поспе́лихинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the krai. The area of the district is 2,423 square kilometers (936 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Pospelikha. Population:  24,788 (2010 Census); 28,065 (2002 Census); 28,560 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pospelikha accounts for 50.4% of the district's total population.
Katherine Te Rongokahira Parata
Katherine Te Rongokahira Parata (1873–1939) was a New Zealand woman of mana. Of Māori descent, she identified with the Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Pūkenga and Te Arawa iwi. She was born in Tauranga, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand in 1873. Two of her brothers, Albert and Ernie Asher, played professional rugby league, and another brother John became a Ngati Pukenga and Ngati Pikiao leader. In 1896, she married Taare Parata. Her husband would later be elected as the representative of the Southern Maori electorate; at the time of their wedding, her father-in-law, Tame Parata, was the electorate's current representative. Ned Parata, a rugby union administrator, was her brother-in-law.

Southern Maori
Southern Maori was one of New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Northern Maori, Western Maori and Eastern Maori. In 1996, with the introduction of MMP, the Maori electorates were updated, and Southern Maori was replaced with the Te Tai Tonga and Te Puku O Te Whenua electorates.
Raymie Skilton
Raymond Nelson Skilton (September 26, 1889 – July 1, 1961) was an American ice hockey defenseman who played one game in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Wanderers. The rest of his career was spent playing amateur hockey in the Boston area, and he retired in 1923.

Montreal Wanderers
The Montreal Wanderers were an amateur, and later professional, ice hockey team based in Montreal. The team played in the Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL), the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA), the National Hockey Association (NHA) and briefly the National Hockey League (NHL). The Wanderers were four-time Stanley Cup winners. Prior to the formation of the NHL, the "Redbands" were one of the most successful teams in ice hockey.
Languages of Bangladesh
The national language and official language of Bangladesh is Bengali (also known as “Bangla”) according to the third article of the Constitution of Bangladesh. Almost 99% of Bangladeshis speak Bengali (including dialects) as their first language. Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987 made it mandatory to use Bengali in all government affairs except in the cases of foreign relations.
According to the 2022 census, Bengali is predominantly spoken by 99% of the country's population and it also serves as the national language of the nation. The tribal people of northern and southeastern Bangladesh speak a variety of minority languages. According to the Ethnologue, there are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 Tibeto-Burman, 10 Indo-Aryan, 7 Austroasiatic and 2 Dravidian languages in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has 44 indigenous languages according to Professor Shameem Reza.

Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World (stylized as Ethnoloɠue) is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL Global, an American evangelical Christian non-profit organization.
Blacklick Creek (Pennsylvania)
Blacklick Creek is a tributary of the Conemaugh River, approximately 30 mi (48 km) long, in western Pennsylvania in the United States.

It rises in two forks in western Cambria County, on the western side of the Allegheny Mountains. The North Branch, approximately 12 mi (19 km) long, rises north of Colver and flows west, then southwest. The South Branch rises near Revloc and flows west. The branches meet at Rexis, near the boundary between Cambria and Indiana counties. The main branch flows west, receiving Two Lick Creek near Josephine, approximately 10 mi (16 km) SSW of Indiana, then WSW to join the Conemaugh approximately 3 mi (5 km) WNW of Blairsville.

The name, which is also the name of the township that contains most of the northern branch and part of the southern branch, probably refers to the fact that the stream (or "lick") often passes over outcroppings of coal ("black" minerals) in its bed and its banks.

Indiana, Pennsylvania
Indiana is a borough in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,044 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Indiana, Pennsylvania micropolitan area, about 46 miles (74 km) northeast of Pittsburgh. It is a part of the greater Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area, as well as the Johnstown and Pittsburgh media markets.

The borough and the region as a whole promote itself as the "Christmas Tree Capital of the World" because the national Christmas Tree Growers Association was founded there. There are still many Christmas tree farms in the area. The largest employer in the borough today is Indiana University of Pennsylvania, the second-largest of 14 PASSHE schools in the state.
Khaleed S. Mekheimer
Khaled S. Mekheimer is an Egyptian professor of Applied Mathematics at the Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science (Men), Al-Azhar University, Egypt. He is the  Vice Dean of Research and Post-graduate Studies of the Faculty. He is an elected member of African Academy of sciences and Egyptian Mathematical Society.

African Academy of Sciences
The African Academy of Sciences (AAS) is a non-aligned, non-political, not-for-profit, pan-African learned society formed in 1985.

The AAS elects fellows (FAAS) and affiliates. The AAS also awards the Obasanjo Prize for Scientific Discovery and Technological Innovation every two years to an outstanding scientist who contributed to the development of the continent.
Hollister, Wisconsin
Hollister is an unincorporated community located in the town of Wolf River, in Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. The community is located on Wisconsin Highway 55. The village is named after Seymour W. Hollister, an Oshkosh lumberman and a partner in the Choate-Hollister Furniture Co. Hollister is served by the Wolf River Volunteer Fire Department, and City of Antigo EMS. The town established a post office in 1923, which was discontinued in 1961.

Wisconsin Highway 55
State Trunk Highway 55 (often called Highway 55, STH-55, or WIS 55) is a state highway in Wisconsin, United States. It travels south-to-north in the northeastern part of Wisconsin from an intersection with U.S. Highway 151 (US 151) approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Brothertown, near the eastern shore of Lake Winnebago in Calumet County, to the Michigan state line at the Brule River approximately one mile (1.6 km) northeast of Nelma in Forest County, where it connects to M-73.
Netball Australian Capital Territory
Netball Australian Capital Territory is the governing body for netball in the Australian Capital Territory. It is affiliated to Netball Australia. It is responsible for organizing and managing the association's representative teams including Capital Darters, who compete in the Australian Netball Championships and The Capital Spirit, who compete in Netball NSW Premier League. It is also responsible for organizing and managing the HCF State League as well as other leagues and competitions for junior and youth teams. Its headquarters are based at the SolarHub ACT Netball Centre in Lyneham, Australian Capital Territory. It was originally founded in the early 1940s as the ACT Women's Basketball Association and was initially affiliated to the New South Wales Women's Basketball Association. In 1975 it became affiliated directly to the All Australia Netball Association.

Super Netball Reserves
The Super Netball Reserves or SN Reserves, formerly the Australian Netball Championships (ANC) and Australian Netball League (ANL), is an Australian netball competition. It has served as a second-level competition, initially below the ANZ Championship, and later below Suncorp Super Netball, and is organised by Netball Australia.

The teams in the competition are the reserve teams of Suncorp Super Netball teams, featuring selected stand-out players from state leagues, SSN club training partners and SSN contracted players. The competition also includes three Netball Australia Member Organisation representative teams from Tasmania, the ACT and the Northern Territory.

The Victorian Fury (now Vixens Academy) are the competition's most successful team, having won eight premierships.
Margery & Gladys
Margery & Gladys is a one-off television drama film, first broadcast on 21 September 2003. Starring Penelope Keith and June Brown as the title characters, it was produced by Carlton Television for ITV and directed by Geoffrey Sax. Upon first broadcast, it was watched by a total of 7.91 million viewers.

The film was also screened on RTÉ One in Ireland. It was repeated on ITV3 on 6 March 2016, its first repeat in the United Kingdom since its original broadcast in 2003. The film was released on DVD in Australia in July 2012 by Madman Entertainment.

RTÉ One
RTÉ One is an Irish free-to-air flagship television service owned and operated by RTÉ. It is the most-popular and most-watched television channel in the country and was launched as Telefís Éireann on 31 December 1961, it was renamed RTÉ in 1966, and it was renamed as RTÉ 1 upon the launch of RTÉ2 in 1978.  It is funded partly by the government's licence fee; the remainder of the funding is provided by commercial advertising. Because RTÉ is funded partly by the licence fee it shows considerably fewer advertisements than most other channels available in Ireland and Northern Ireland.

RTÉ One is available to 98% of the Irish population in HD on the Saorview DTT service. It is also available in Northern Ireland via Saorview, Freeview, Sky, and cable provider Virgin Media. The channel is also available online through RTÉ Player.
Portrait of Lucas Cranach the Elder
Portrait of Lucas Cranach the Elder is a 1550 oil on panel portrait of Lucas Cranach the Elder. It is inscribed "Aetatis Suae LXXVII". It is held in the Uffizi, in Florence, where it entered as a self-portrait, but was later re-attributed as a painting by his son, Lucas Cranach the Younger, due to stylistic reasons. It is still in the Uffizi, whilst a copy of it with some variants is now in the Staatkirche in Weimar.

Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.
Fenyvesi
Fenyvesi is a Hungarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Csaba Fenyvesi (1943–2015), Hungarian fencer

László Fenyvesi (1908–1993), Hungarian football player and manager

Máté Fenyvesi (1933–2022), Hungarian football player

Csaba Fenyvesi
Csaba Fenyvesi (14 April 1943 – 3 November 2015) was a Hungarian fencer and Olympic champion in épée competition.

He won a gold medal in the individual épée event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He participated on the Hungarian teams that won gold medals in team épée in 1968 and in 1972. Fenyvesi died following a short illness on November 3, 2015 at the age of 72.
The Little Old Sod Shanty on the Claim
"The Little Old Sod Shanty On The Claim" is an American folk song written by Oliver Edwin Murray (O.E. Murray) of South Dakota. It appeared somewhere around 1880 published in several American newspapers. The printings suggested that it be sung to the tune of "The Little Old Log Cabin In The Lane" written by Will Hays in 1871. The song tells of the trials of homesteading on the Great Plains and became immensely popular among the settlers. The title comes from variations of a refrain found in the verses and the chorus:

... my little old sod shanty on my claim.

Jack Thorp published a version of the song in his 1908 book, Songs of the Cowboys, titled "Little Adobe Casa" which he attributed to a Tom Beasley written in 1887.

"The Little Old Sod Shanty On The Claim" has been performed and recorded numerous times. Slim Wilson's December 1936 recording of the song is part of the Traditional Music and Spoken Word Catalog of the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress.

American Folklife Center
The American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. was created by Congress in 1976 "to preserve and present American Folklife". The center includes the Archive of Folk Culture, established at the library in 1928 as a repository for American folk music. The center and its collections have grown to encompass all aspects of folklore and folklife worldwide.
Dede Yusuf
Dede Yusuf Macan Effendi (born 14 September 1966) is an Indonesian actor known for his action films and sinetrons. He was also a member of Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat from Partai Amanat Nasional from 2004 to 2009 and he was the Vice Governor of West Java province from 2008 to 2013.

House of Representatives (Indonesia)
6°12′37″S 106°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿6.21028°S 106.80000°E﻿ / -6.21028; 106.80000
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌdewan pərwaˌkilan ˈraʔjat re'publik indo'nesija], lit. 'People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia', abbr. DPR-RI or simply DPR, Indonesian: [deˈpeɛr]), is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD.

Members of the DPR are elected through a general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (anggota dewan).
K. Vadivel
K. Vadivel (also known as Ku. Vadivel) is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate for Karur in the 1977 and 1984 elections.
He is the founder of Rasammal Educational Institutions, Karur. In 2024, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in the presence of Tamil Nadu BJP chief K. Annamalai and Rajeev Chandrasekhar.

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on 24 December 1984. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary, incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only general election which M. Karunanidhi did not contest since 1957 until his death, as he sought to avoid a direct, disadvantageous contest due to a volatile political climate. As now, this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.
Heiskell
Heiskell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Heiskell (1915–2003), American journalist and philanthropist

Frederick Heiskell (1786–1882), American newspaper publisher, politician, and civic leader

Hike Heiskell (1940–2016), American politician and lawyer

John N. Heiskell (1872–1972), American politician

Joseph Brown Heiskell (1823–1913), American politician

William Heiskell (1788–1871), American politician

Frederick Heiskell
Frederick Steidinger Heiskell (1786 – November 29, 1882) was an American newspaper publisher, politician, and civic leader, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, throughout much of the 19th century.  He cofounded the Knoxville Register, which during its early years was the city's only newspaper, and operated a printing firm that published a number of early important books on Tennessee history and law.  He also served one term in the Tennessee Senate (1847–1849), and briefly served as Mayor of Knoxville in 1835. He was a trustee, organizer, or financial supporter of numerous schools and civic organizations.

A Southern Unionist, Heiskell was a delegate to the pro-Union East Tennessee Convention on the eve of the Civil War.  After the war, he opposed the radical policies of Governor William G. Brownlow.
Victoria Anne Wassell Graham
Victoria Anne Wassell Graham née Smith (born 1950), is a British botanist who worked at the Natural History Museum.

She studied Plant taxonomy at Reading University where she obtained an M.Sc. in Pure and Applied Plant Taxonomy (1973) and a Ph.D. with the thesis "Taxonomic studies in Justicia".

She was born Victoria Anne Wassell Smith and married John Graham in 1978.

The standard author abbreviation V.A.W.Graham is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

The standard author abbreviation V.A.W.Sm. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Justicia (plant)
Justicia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae. It is the largest genus within the family, with over 900 accepted species. They are native to tropical to warm temperate regions of the Americas, India, and Africa. The genus serves as host to many butterfly species, such as Anartia fatima.  Common names include water-willow and shrimp plant, the latter from the inflorescences, which resemble a shrimp in some species. The generic name honours Scottish horticulturist James Justice (1698–1763). They are closely related to Pachystachys.
Liao Changyong
Prof. Liao Changyong (Chinese: 廖昌永; born October 25, 1968), sometimes referred in English media as C. Y. Liao or Changyong Liao, is a Chinese operatic baritone and academic. He won first prize in three different international competitions in 1996 and 1997: Operalia; the French International Singing Competition of Toulouse; and the Queen Sonja Singing Competition. While his performance career has mainly been in China, he has appeared as a guest artist with opera companies and orchestras internationally. He is the president at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music.

International Singing Competition of Toulouse
The International Singing Competition of Toulouse (French: Concours international de chant de Toulouse) is an international classical singing competition run by the Théâtre du Capitole in Toulouse, France.
Munya, Nigeria
Munya  is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Sarkin Pawa in the north of the area near Kaduna State at10°01′00″N 7°06′00″E﻿ / ﻿10.01667°N 7.10000°E﻿ / 10.01667; 7.10000.

It has an area of 2,176 km2 and a population of 103,651 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 921.

It is located in the eastern region of the state. Its main inhabitants are the Gbari people with farming as their main occupation.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Richard Stanford (rugby union)
Richard Stanford (born 25 April 1986) is an Australian rugby union footballer who plays as a lock or flanker. He plays for the Waratahs in Super Rugby having previously represented the Brumbies and Western Force.

He made his senior debut for the Brumbies during the 2006 Super 14 season against the Chiefs.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.