hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Applied ethics
Applied ethics is the practical aspect of moral considerations. It is ethics with respect to real-world actions and their moral considerations in private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadership. For example, bioethics is concerned with identifying the best approach to moral issues in the life sciences, such as euthanasia, the allocation of scarce health resources, or the use of human embryos in research. Environmental ethics is concerned with ecological issues such as the responsibility of government and corporations to clean up pollution. Business ethics includes the duties of whistleblowers to the public and to their employers.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Percy Gardner
Percy Gardner, FSA, FBA (24 November 1846 – 17 July 1937) was an English classical archaeologist and numismatist. He was Disney Professor of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge from 1879 to 1887. He was Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art at the University of Oxford from 1887 to 1925.

Christ's College, Cambridge
Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college includes the master, the fellows of the college, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its modern form.

Alumni of the college include the poet John Milton, the naturalist Charles Darwin, as well as the Nobel Laureates Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd, Duncan Haldane, and John Clarke. The Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.
Bill Jenkin
William Richard Jenkin (born 1956) is an American politician and businessman from Washington. Jenkin is a former Republican member of Washington House of Representatives for District 16, Position 1, which includes portions of Benton, Columbia, Franklin, and Walla Walla counties from 2017 to 2021.

Columbia County, Washington
Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,952, making it the second-least populous county in Washington. The county seat and largest city is Dayton. The county was created out of Walla Walla County on November 11, 1875, and is named after the Columbia River (which does not flow through the county). Columbia County is included in the Walla Walla, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2024 Bangladesh internet blackouts
From mid-July to early-August 2024, a series of internet blackouts occurred in Bangladesh during the July uprising, when the Sheikh Hasina government ordered internet to be shut down across the country.

The first nationwide shutdown of internet access begun on 18 July during the quota reform movement, which was restored on 24 July for broadband connections and on 28 July for mobile connections, but social media establishments like Facebook, Instagram continued to be blocked, which was initially restored on 31 July. Following the renewed unrest, the second shutdown on 4G networks was imposed on 4 August, but restored on 5 August following the Resignation of Sheikh Hasina.

4G
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular network technology, introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Compared to preceding third-generation (3G) technologies, 4G has been designed to support all-IP communications and broadband services, and eliminates circuit switching in voice telephony. It also has considerably higher data bandwidth compared to 3G, enabling a variety of data-intensive applications such as high-definition media streaming and the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

The earliest deployed technologies marketed as "4G" were Long Term Evolution (LTE), developed by the 3GPP group, and Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile WiMAX), based on IEEE specifications. These provided significant enhancements over previous 3G and 2G.
Windsor University School of Medicine
Windsor University School of Medicine is a private offshore Caribbean medical school located in Cayon, Saint Mary Cayon Parish, Saint Kitts and Nevis. Windsor confers upon its graduates the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. USA information office is located in Oak Brook, Illinois.

Oak Brook, Illinois
Oak Brook is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, with a very small portion in Cook County. The population was 8,163 at the 2020 census.

A suburb of Chicago, it contains the headquarters of Ace Hardware, Portillo's Restaurants, Blistex, Federal Signal, CenterPoint Properties, Sanford L.P., TreeHouse Foods, Lions Clubs International, the U.S. Census Bureau Chicago regional office, and former headquarters of McDonald's and Ferrara Candy. The Lizzadro Museum of Lapidary Art moved there in 2019.
Romans 13
Romans 13 is the thirteenth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It was authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid-50s AD, with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22.

In this chapter, Paul reminds his readers that they should honour and obey the government authorities. Reformer Martin Luther suggested that "he includes this, not because it makes people virtuous in the sight of God, but because it does insure that the virtuous have outward peace and protection and that the wicked cannot do evil without fear and in undisturbed peace".

Corinth
Corinth (/ˈkɒrɪnθ/ KORR-inth; Greek: Κόρινθος, romanized: Kórinthos, Modern Greek pronunciation: [ˈkorinθos]) is a city in the Peloponnese in Greece. The successor to the ancient city of Corinth, it is the capital of the Corinthia regional unit and the seat of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has a population of 38,485 according to the 2021 census, of whom 30,816 live within the city limits of Corinth.

It was founded as New Corinth (Greek: Νέα Κόρινθος, romanized: Néa Kórinthos) in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed the existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of the ancient city.
2024–25 North Dakota State Bison women's basketball team
The 2024–25 North Dakota State Bison women's basketball team represented North Dakota State University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Bison, who were led by sixth year head coach Jory Collins, played their home games at the Scheels Center, as members of the Summit League.
NDSU made the 2025 Summit League women's basketball tournament as the 3 seed, but fell to Kansas City for second time in three years in the quarterfinal round. They then were awarded an at-large bid to the 2025 Women's National Invitation Tournament, and received a first-round bye for the second season in a row. In the second round, the Bison defeated New Mexico State and advanced to the Super 16 where they would defeat Washington State to advance to the program's first Great 8 berth. However, in the Great 8, they would fall at home to Troy in overtime.

2024–25 New Mexico State Aggies women's basketball team
The 2024–25 New Mexico State Aggies women's basketball team represented New Mexico State University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Aggies, who were led by third-year head coach Jody Adams, played their home games at the Pan American Center in Las Cruces, New Mexico, as second-year members of Conference USA.
Ethynyl radical
The ethynyl radical (systematically named λ3-ethyne and hydridodicarbon(C—C)) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C≡CH (also written [CCH] or C2H). It is a simple molecule that does not occur naturally on Earth but is abundant in the interstellar medium. It was first observed by electron spin resonance isolated in a solid argon matrix at liquid helium temperatures in 1963 by Cochran and coworkers at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. It was first observed in the gas phase by Tucker and coworkers in November 1973 toward the Orion Nebula, using the NRAO 11-meter radio telescope. It has since been detected in a large variety of interstellar environments, including dense molecular clouds, bok globules, star forming regions, the shells around carbon-rich evolved stars, and even in other galaxies.

Molecular cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H2), and the formation of H II regions. This is in contrast to other areas of the interstellar medium that contain predominantly ionized gas.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H2 is carbon monoxide (CO). The ratio between CO luminosity and H2 mass is thought to be constant, although there are reasons to doubt this assumption in observations of some other galaxies.

Within molecular clouds are regions with higher density, where much dust and many gas cores reside, called clumps. These clumps are the beginning of star formation if gravitational forces are sufficient to cause the dust and gas to collapse.
Jackie Gayda
Jacquelyn Suzanne Gayda (born November 3, 1981) is an American retired professional wrestler and valet, best known for her work in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). She was awarded a contract with WWE after co-winning the second series of the reality television show Tough Enough with Linda Miles.

Professional wrestling strikes
Strikes can be offensive moves in professional wrestling, that can sometimes be used to set up an opponent for a hold or for a throw. There are a wide variety of strikes in pro wrestling, and many are known by several different names. Professional wrestlers frequently give their finishers new names. Occasionally, these names become popular and are used regardless of the wrestler performing the technique.

Professional wrestling contains a variety of punches and kicks found in martial arts and other fighting sports; the moves listed below are more specific to wrestling itself. Many of the moves below can also be performed from a raised platform (the top rope, the ring apron, etc.); these are called aerial variations. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
Warwick Cathro
Warwick Scott Cathro (born 8 March 1948) was pivotal in the development of Trove, an Australian online library database aggregator hosted by the National Library of Australia. The Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA) says of him; "His extraordinary work in developing and implementing standards; advancing innovative solutions; championing national sectoral infrastructure and encouraging communication and debate in the profession, place Warwick Cathro among the most important Australian library and information practitioners of our time."

Australian Library and Information Association
The Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA), formerly the Australian Institute of Librarians and Library Association of Australia, is the peak professional organisation for the Australian library and information services sector. Founded in 1937, its headquarters are in Canberra.

ALIA publishes a quarterly scholarly journal, Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, and a bimonthly news magazine for members, INCITE. The Association hosts a number of conferences which take place in different places around Australia.
Galium minutulum
Galium minutulum is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Spain, Portugal, France and Italy. Some of the Italian collections are located on the island of Sardinia, others inside Arcipelago Toscano National Park, located on a chain of islands off the coast of Tuscany. Many of the French populations are on the Hyères Islands in Provence.

Galium minutulum is a diminutive plant, rarely more than 10 cm tall, and usually trailing along the ground. Flowers are generally less than 1 mm in diameter.

Îles d'Hyères
The Îles d'Hyères (pronounced [il djɛːʁ]), also known as Îles d'Or ([il dɔʁ]), are a group of four Mediterranean islands off Hyères in the Var department of Southeastern France. Their old name is the Stoechades Islands from Greek: Στοιχάδες Stoikhádes from στοιχάς stoikhás meaning “in a row one behind another”.

A unique species of lavender named Lavandula stoechas was discovered here by Pedanius Dioscorides.
Chapwani Island
Chapwani Island (Kisiwa cha Chapwani, in Swahili) is a private island located in Malindi ward of Mjini District in Mjini Magharibi Region, Tanzania. A British naval cemetery located in Chapwani serves as the last resting place for servicemen who died while serving in Zanzibar. These are the graves of those who perished in the attack by the German cruiser SMS Königsberg on the British protected cruiser HMS Pegasus during World War One. Interms of marine protection, Changuu and Chapwani reefs were seen as less protected, whereas Chumbe reefs and Kizimkazi reefs were thought to be well protected.

Mjini Magharibi Region
Mjini Magharibi Region, Zanzibar Urban West Region or West Zanzibar Region (Mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi in Swahili) is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania. The region covers an area of 230 km2 (89 sq mi). The region is located entirely on the island of Zanzibar and bordered to the west by the Indian Ocean, the north by Unguja North Region and the east by Unguja South Region. The region is home to one of the seven World Heritage Sites located in Tanzania, namely; Stonetown of Zanzibar. The regional capital is Zanzibar City. The region is the most developed region with the highest human development index in Tanzania at 0.718. According to the 2012 census, the region has a total population of 593,678.
Priscilla Ernst
Priscilla Ernst (born 7 September 1971) is a Dutch short track speed skater. She competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 1994 Winter Olympics. Her career was cut short in 1995 when she fell and fractured two vertebra. Ernst is the mother of Zoë Deltrap.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
DMAX V6 engine
The DMAX V6 engine is a 2,958 cc (3.0 L; 180.5 cu in) diesel engine.

It was designed, and is produced by Isuzu in Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan, but the design rights to the engine are now owned by General Motors. It uses high-pressure common rail direct injection with four valve per cylinder, cylinder heads. A variable-geometry turbocharger and intercooler are also used. The engine was used in Europe by GM's Opel and Saab subsidiaries and by Renault.

Output is nominally 125 kW (170 PS; 168 hp) at 4000 rpm and 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) at 1800 rpm. The engine's internal name is 6DE1.

Applications:

Saab 9-5
2001-2005: D308L, 177 PS (175 hp; 130 kW).

Opel/Vauxhall Vectra and Signum
2003-2005: Y30DT, 177 PS (175 hp; 130 kW).
2005-2008: Z30DT, 184 PS (181 hp; 135 kW).

Fujisawa, Kanagawa
Fujisawa (藤沢市, Fujisawa-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2021, the city had an estimated population of 439,728 and a population density of 6300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 69.57 square kilometres (26.86 sq mi).
Die Hard with a Vengeance (soundtrack)
Die Hard with a Vengeance: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 1995 film Die Hard with a Vengeance, the third installment in the Die Hard film series starring Bruce Willis as John McClane. The film is scored by the recurrent composer of the series, Michael Kamen who incorporated his themes from the first two films as well as Johannes Brahms' 1st and Ludwig van Beethoven's 9th symphony. Kamen's work has been positively received and won BMI TV/Film Music Award for his work in the score.

Michael Kamen
Michael Arnold Kamen (April 15, 1948 – November 18, 2003) was an American composer, arranger, conductor, songwriter, and musician. He began his work as a pop and rock music arranger, notably for Pink Floyd, and was a member of the New York Rock & Roll Ensemble and the Roger Waters Band. Starting in the mid-1980s, he achieved further prominence as a composer of film scores.

Kamen's best known scores include the Die Hard and Lethal Weapon franchises, the Terry Gilliam films Brazil (1985) and The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), Highlander (1986), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), Don Juan DeMarco (1994), What Dreams May Come (1998), The Iron Giant (1999), X-Men (2000), and the television series Edge of Darkness, Tales from the Crypt, and Band of Brothers.

During his career, Kamen won four Grammy Awards, out of nine total nominations, and a BAFTA TV Award, and was nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Original Song, four Golden Globe Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award.
Gamiani
Gamiani, or Two Nights of Excess (French: Gamiani, ou deux nuits d'excès) is a French erotic novel first published in 1833. Its authorship is anonymous, but it is believed to have been written by Alfred de Musset, and it was rumoured that the lesbian eponymous heroine was a portrait of his lover, George Sand. It became a bestseller among nineteenth-century erotic literature.

George Sand
Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil (French: [amɑ̃tin lysil oʁɔʁ dypɛ̃]; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (French: [ʒɔʁʒ(ə) sɑ̃d]), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist. Being more renowned than either Victor Hugo or Honoré de Balzac in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s, Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era. She has more than 50 volumes of various works to her credit, including tales, plays and political texts, alongside her 70 novels.

Like her great-grandmother, Louise Dupin, whom she admired, George Sand advocated for women's rights and passion, criticized the institution of marriage, and fought against the prejudices of a conservative society. She was considered scandalous because of her turbulent love life, her adoption of masculine clothing, and her masculine pseudonym.
Leucopogon amplectens
Leucopogon amplectens is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 30–75 cm (12–30 in) and has tube-shaped, white flowers from April to June.

It was first formally described in 1921 by Carl Hansen Ostenfeld in the journal Biologiske meddelelser, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab from specimens collected near Tammin. The specific epithet (amplectens) means "embracing", referring to the leaves.

Leucopogon amplectens grows in sandy soils in the Avon Wheatbelt and Mallee bioregions of south-western Western Australia and is listed as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Giulio Licinio
Giulio Licinio (16th century) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. He was born in the town of Pordenone and is said to have been a nephew of the painter il Pordenone, and brother of Giovanni Antonio. He painted in Augsburg as late as 1561, and he is thought to have died there.

Pordenone
Pordenone (Italian: [pordeˈnoːne] ⓘ; Venetian and Friulian: Pordenon) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the capital of the regional decentralization entity of Pordenone.

The name comes from Latin Portus Naonis, meaning "port on the Noncello River".
William Landau
William Milton Landau (October 10, 1924 – November 2, 2017) was an American neurologist who was a professor of neurology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. It was within his specialty of stroke and movement disorders that he gained eponymous recognition for the Landau–Kleffner syndrome.

Landau died on November 2, 2017, from natural causes at his home in University City, Missouri. He was 93 years old.

Washington University School of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine (WashU Medicine) is the medical school of Washington University in St. Louis, located in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1891, the School of Medicine shares a campus with Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children's Hospital, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center.

The clinical service is provided by Washington University Physicians, a comprehensive medical and surgical practice providing treatment in more than 75 medical specialties. Washington University Physicians are the medical staff of the school's two teaching hospitals – Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital. They also provide inpatient and outpatient care at the St. Louis Veteran's Administration Hospital, hospitals of the BJC HealthCare system, and 35 other office locations throughout the greater St. Louis region.
Sinisalo
Sinisalo is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anu Sinisalo, Finnish actress

Ilkka Sinisalo (1958–2017), Finnish ice hockey forward

Johanna Sinisalo (born 1958), Finnish science fiction and fantasy writer

Jukka Sinisalo (born 1982), Finnish football player

Taisto Sinisalo (1926–2002), Finnish politician

Tatu Sinisalo (born 1992), Finnish actor

Tomas Sinisalo (born 1986), American-born Finnish ice hockey forward, son of Ilkka

Veikko Sinisalo (1926–2003), Finnish actor

Viljami Sinisalo (born 2001), Finnish football player

Väinö Sinisalo (1892–1951), Finnish politician

Veikko Sinisalo
Veikko Sinisalo (30 September 1926 – 16 December 2003) was a Finnish actor. He appeared in 24 films and television shows between 1954 and 2002. He starred in Sven Tuuva the Hero, which was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival.

Veikko Sinisalo's father was the politician Väinö Sinisalo. He was the grandfather of the professional footballer Viljami Sinisalo.