hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Master of the Senate
Master of the Senate is a 2002 book that deals with the Senatorial career of Lyndon B. Johnson by the American writer Robert Caro.

In Master of the Senate, Caro chronicles Johnson's rapid ascent in the United States Congress, particularly focusing on his tenure from 1949 to 1960 as Senate majority leader with the aim to show "how legislative power works in America". This 1,167-page work delves into Johnson's political acumen that Caro argues transformed the Senate from a stagnant institution into a dynamic legislative body by manipulating Senate rules, building a powerful coalition, and securing legislative victories, thereby laying the groundwork for his ascent to the presidency.

History of the United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper legislative chamber of the United States Congress, the federal legislature of the United States government. Its origins can be traced back to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where James Madison proposed the establishment of a bicameral national legislature in his Virginia Plan.

The Senate was conceived as a check on the House of Representatives, where congressional districts are allocated to each state on the basis of population. By contrast, each state, regardless of size or population, is equally represented in the Senate through two senators, with each elected for a six-year term, "Originally chosen by state legislature , the 17th Amendment (1913) mandated direct popular election"

The final structure of the Senate emerged from the Connecticut Compromise, a closely contested 5–4 vote, which granted smaller states equal representation in the Senate.
Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority
The Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority is a Western Australian authority that commenced operation on 1 January 1974.

The Authority was established under the Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority Act of 1974 for the treatment, management, care and rehabilitation of people suffering from alcohol and drug abuse in Western Australia.

The Authority has undertaken research and provided educational facilities directed at alcohol and drug abuse.  Various members of the authority have at times declared publicly their attitude towards evidence of alcohol abuse in Australia and the authority has had as part of its activity, concern about the criminalization of drunkenness.
A range of people worked for the authority as social workers or other professional roles during their careers, including Kay Hallahan.

It has also provided materials assisting people requiring help.

The Authority also manages rehabilitation centres.

Criminalization
Criminalization or criminalisation, in criminology, is "the process by which behaviors and individuals are transformed into crime and criminals". Previously legal acts may be transformed into crimes by legislation or judicial decision. However, there is usually a formal presumption in the rules of statutory interpretation against the retrospective application of laws, and only the use of express words by the legislature may rebut this presumption. The power of judges to make new law and retrospectively criminalise behaviour is also discouraged. In a less overt way, where laws have not been strictly enforced, the acts prohibited by those laws may also undergo de facto criminalization through more effective or committed legal enforcement.  The process of criminalization takes place through societal institutions including schools, the family, and the criminal justice system.
Stripper (agriculture)
Stripper is a type of harvesting machine designed for harvesting grain using the method of stripping standing crops. Unlike a conventional combine harvester, this machine collects grain by stripping the spikes only, without cutting the culms at their base. Harvesting grain by stripping was known as early as the 1st century AD but was later abandoned. Today, it is used on a small scale thanks to the implementation of specialized harvesting headers in combine harvesters.

The stripper was common in Australia in the late 19th and early 20th century. John Ridley is now accepted as its inventor, though John Wrathall Bull argued strongly for the credit.

Culm (botany)
A culm is the aerial (above-ground) stem of a grass or sedge. It is derived from the Latin word culmus, meaning "stalk". It originally referred to the stem of any type of plant.

In horticulture or agriculture, it is especially used to describe the stalk or woody stems of bamboo, cane or grain grasses.
Sawyerr
Sawyerr is a surname of a prominent West African family. Notable people with the surname include:

Sofolahan Josiah Sawyerr Esq. (1877–1919), Nigerian nationalist, legislator, and philanthropist

Akilagpa Sawyerr (born 1939), Ghanaian academic

Akintunde Sawyerr (born 1964), Nigerian diplomat

David Sawyerr (born 1961), Sierra Leonean sprinter

Harry Sawyerr (1926–2013), Ghanaian politician and quantity surveyor

Harry Sawyerr (theologian) (1909–1986), Sierra Leonean Anglican theologian and writer

Patrick Sawyerr (1947–2025), French ice hockey player and coach

Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr (born 1964), Ghanaian politician

Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr (born 1968), Sierra Leonean politician

Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr
Queenstar Maame Pokua Sawyerr (born 1 July 1964) is a Ghanaian politician and the former deputy Central Regional Minister of Ghana. She has been the member of parliament of the Agona East Constituency since 2013.
Swindled
Swindled is an American true crime podcast written and hosted by an anonymous man who uses the pseudonym "A Concerned Citizen". The scripted series explores the world of white-collar crime, con artists, and corporate greed.

White-collar crime
The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals,  businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gains.  It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation". Typical white-collar crimes could include wage theft, fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. White-collar crime overlaps with corporate crime.
Military history of Croatia
The military history of Croatia encompasses wars, battles and all military actions fought on the territory of modern Croatia and the military history of the Croat people regardless of political geography.

Croatian Air Force
The Croatian Air Force (Croatian: Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo or HRZ) is the aerial warfare branch of the Croatian Armed Forces. It is tasked primarily with safeguarding the sovereignty of Croatian airspace and providing aviation support to other branches during joint operations.

The mission of HRZ is to monitor and protect the airspace of the Republic of Croatia, participate in joint and international NATO/UN/EU-led military operations, and implement operations to provide assistance to civil institutions in the country. Today, the Croatian Air Force has 1,500 members, of which about 200 are pilots. The share of women is 13.44%. Brigadier Krešimir Ražov was appointed as the new Commander of the Croatian Air Force in October 2025.
Ložnica pri Žalcu
Ložnica pri Žalcu (pronounced [lɔˈʒniːtsa pɾi ˈʒaːu̯tsu]) is a settlement north of Žalec in east-central Slovenia. The A1 motorway crosses the territory of the settlement north of the village. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The entire Municipality of Žalec is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Žalec
The Municipality of Žalec (pronounced [ˈʒaːləts] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Žalec) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of Styria. The seat of the municipality is the town of Žalec. The municipality was established in its current form on 7 August 1998, when the former larger municipality of Žalec was divided into six smaller municipalities.
Timmapuram railway station
Timmapuram railway station (station code:TMPM), is an Indian Railways station in Thimmapuram, a village in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on the Vijayawada–Chennai section and is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone. Six trains halt in this station every day.

Thimmapuram, Tamil Nadu
Thimmapuram is a village in Kariyapatti Taluk in Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu State, India. Its nearest town is Kariyapatti which is 14 km away. Mostly people depend on farming and the nearby villages sell their produce using the railway station present. It is 6 km away from the village A Muukulam where it has better educational and other facilities.
Madurai and Virudhunagar are the nearby cities to Thimmapuram.
Märkisch-Oderland
Märkisch-Oderland is a Landkreis (district) in the eastern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring this district are (from the north clockwise) the district of Barnim, the country of Poland, the district-free city of Frankfurt (Oder), the district of Oder-Spree and the Bundesland of Berlin. The administrative seat is the town of Seelow but the largest town is Strausberg.

Oder
The Oder (/ˈoʊ.dər/ OH-dər; Czech and Polish: Odra) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows 742 kilometres (461 mi) through western Poland, later forming 187 kilometres (116 mi) of the border between Poland and Germany as part of the Oder–Neisse line. The river ultimately flows into the Szczecin Lagoon north of Szczecin and then into three branches (the Dziwna, Świna and Peene) that empty into the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea.
Middle Eastern Americans
Middle Eastern Americans are Americans of Middle Eastern background. Although once considered Asian Americans, the modern definition of "Asian American" now excludes people with West Asian backgrounds.

According to the 2020 United States census, over 3.5 million people self-identified as being Middle Eastern and North African ethnic origin. However, this definition includes more than just the Middle East.

Mahjar
The Mahjar (Arabic: المهجر, romanized: al-mahjar, one of its more literal meanings being "the Arab diaspora") was a movement related to Romanticism migrant literary movement started by Arabic-speaking writers who had emigrated to the Americas from Ottoman-ruled Lebanon, Syria and Palestine at the turn of the 20th century and became a movement in the 1910s. Like their predecessors in the Nahda movement (or the "Arab Renaissance"), writers of the Mahjar movement were stimulated by their personal encounter with the Western world and participated in the renewal of Arabic literature, hence their proponents being sometimes referred to as writers of the "late Nahda". These writers, in South America as well as the United States, contributed indeed to the development of the Nahda in the early 20th century. Kahlil Gibran is considered to have been the most influential of the "Mahjari poets".
Chris Beatty
Christopher Beatty (born June 19, 1973) is an American professional football coach and former wide receiver who is the wide receivers coach for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He recently served as the interim offensive coordinator for the Chicago Bears. He has previously served as the wide receivers coach for the Los Angeles Chargers from 2021 to 2023.

Beatty played college football at East Tennessee State University as a wide receiver and played in the Canadian Football League for two seasons with the Baltimore Stallions and Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He previously served as an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Chargers, the University of Pittsburgh, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Virginia, University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Vanderbilt University, West Virginia University, Northern Illinois University and Hampton University.

Vanderbilt Commodores football
The Vanderbilt Commodores football program represents Vanderbilt University in the sport of American football. The Commodores compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) within the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They are led by head coach Clark Lea. Vanderbilt plays their home games at FirstBank Stadium, located on the university's Nashville, Tennessee campus.
Moldova in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010
Moldova debuted in the Junior Eurovision 2010, with their entry selected through Eurovisionul copiilor, a national selection consisting of 12 songs, organised by the Moldovan broadcaster TeleRadio-Moldova (TRM), on 25 September 2010. Ștefan Roșcovan was the winner of the selection, with the song "Ali Baba".

Teleradio-Moldova
Teleradio-Moldova (TRM) is the Moldovan state-owned national radio and television broadcaster. It owns two television channels and three radio stations. TRM was admitted as a full active member of the European Broadcasting Union on 1 January 1993, under its former name Radioteleviziunea Nationala din Moldova (RTNM).
Sheafer
Sheafer, Sheaffer, and Sheafor are variations of a surname.

People with this surname include

Sheafer

Edward D. Sheafer Jr. (1940–2016), United States Navy officer

Sheaffer

Danny Sheaffer (born 1961), American baseball player

John Richard Sheaffer (born 1931), is an American innovator

Robert Sheaffer (born 1949), American freelance writer and UFO skeptic

Sasha Pieterse (née Sheaffer; born 1996), South African-born American actress, singer and songwriter

Walter A. Sheaffer (1867–1946), American inventor and businessman

Sheafor

John W. Sheafor (1852–1928), justice of the Colorado Supreme Court

Nathan Sheafor (born 1961), American cyclist

Walter A. Sheaffer
Walter A. Sheaffer (July 27, 1867 – June 19, 1946) was an American inventor and businessman who developed the first commercially successful lever-filling fountain pen and founded the W.A. Sheaffer Pen Company.
Asmaa Mahfouz
Asmaa Mahfouz (Egyptian Arabic: أسماء محفوظ, pronounced [ʔæsˈmæːʔ mɑħˈfuːz, ˈʔæsmæ-], born 1 February 1985) is an Egyptian activist and one of the founders of the April 6 Youth Movement. She has been credited by journalist Mona Eltahawy and others with helping to spark a mass uprising through her video blog posted one week before the start of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. She is a prominent member of Egypt's Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution and one of the leaders of the Egyptian revolution.

In 2011 she was one of five recipients of the "Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought", awarded for contributions to "historic changes in the Arab world". The other joint recipients were Ahmed al-Senussi, Razan Zaitouneh, Ali Farzat, and Mohamed Bouazizi of the Arab Spring.

Arabian Business placed Mahfouz at #381 on its list of the World's 500 Most Influential Arabs.

Arabian Business
Arabian Business (AB) is a weekly business magazine published in Dubai and focusing on global and regional news analysis. The brand is aimed at the English and Arabic-speaking communities and is published in both languages.

Its circulation figures for October–December 2007 were given as 20,468 copies. The audited circulation of the weekly was 23,016 copies for the last six months of 2011. For the period of July – December 2012 the audited circulation of the weekly was 23,352 copies. According to Similar web, website accesses as of 2024 were more than a million per month.
New Zealand EA class locomotive
The New Zealand EA class (later reclassified as EO) of electric locomotives were used on the New Zealand rail network between 1968 and 1997 on the Otira – Arthur's Pass section of the Midland line in the South Island, through the Otira Tunnel. Following reconditioning, three were used by KiwiRail's Tranz Metro in Wellington from 2008 to 2011 to top and tail Metlink suburban passenger trains as an interim measure before new rolling stock arrived. Four of the five locomotives were scrapped in 2013 with one being set aside for preservation.

Otira
Otira is a small township fifteen kilometres north of Arthur's Pass in the central South Island of New Zealand. It is on the northern approach to the pass, a saddle between the Ōtira and Bealey Rivers high in the Southern Alps. A possible meaning of Otira is "o" (place of) and "tira" (the travellers). Another possible meaning is "Oti" (finished) and "ra" (Sun), because Otira Gorge is usually in deep shadow.
Jaal: The Trap
Jaal: The Trap is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language action-thriller film directed by Guddu Dhanoa. It stars Sunny Deol, Tabu and Reema Sen, along with Amrish Puri, Anupam Kher, Mukesh Rishi and Ashish Vidyarthi. It was released on 18 July 2003.

Mukesh Rishi
Mukesh Rishi (born 19 April 1956) is an Indian actor and film producer who works primarily in Hindi and Telugu films. He has also appeared in Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Marathi and Tamil films. He got his first break in Hindi in 1993 with Gardish and has since, established himself as a notable supporting actor, generally as a villain.
Old Hoopes School
Old Hoopes School is a historic one-room school building located in Derry Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1873 and is a 11⁄2-story brick building with a cobblestone foundation and a gable roof. It measures three bays by one bay.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Cobblestone
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring rounded forms less uniform in size.

It has been used across various cultures for millennia, particularly in Europe, and became especially prominent during the medieval and early modern periods. Today, cobblestone streets are often associated with historic preservation and are used in many cities to maintain the historical character of certain neighborhoods.
Deaths in April 1993
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 1993.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw was one of four men's throwing events on the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo. It was held on 17 October and 18 October 1964, with the qualification on the first day and the final the next. 25 athletes from 14 nations entered, with 1 not starting in the qualification round. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Romuald Klim of the Soviet Union, the nation's second consecutive victory in the men's hammer throw. Gyula Zsivótzky of Hungary repeated as silver medalist, the fifth man to win multiple medals in the event. Uwe Beyer took bronze, the first medal for the United Team of Germany and the first medal for any German hammer thrower since 1952.
Aftalion
Aftalion is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Aftalion (1874–1956), French economist

Amandine Aftalion (born 1973), French mathematician

Fred Aftalion (1922–2022), French chemical engineer

Albert Aftalion
Albert Abram Aftalion (October 21, 1874, Rusçuk, Ottoman Empire – December 6, 1956, Geneva, Switzerland) was a French economist.

He taught at the Paris University (1925–1939). He co-founded the academic journal Revue économique in 1950 and presided over its board of directors.
Araminta de Clermont
Araminta de Clermont (born 1971) is a British photographer who in 2010 was living and working in London, although she had spent nearly ten years living in Cape Town. Her work explores rites of passage, and the visual currencies of group identification and is particularly concerned with highlighting the art forms and self-expression of her often marginalised subjects. She is perhaps best known for her bodies of work exploring the relationship between person and environment in South Africa. In 2010 she was a winner of Spier Contemporary.

I-D
i-D is a British biannual magazine dedicated to fashion, music, art, film and youth culture. The magazine was launched in 1980 by Terry Jones, originally as a hand-stapled fanzine. It has since evolved into a glossy publication.

In 2023 the magazine's publication was put on hold following its acquisition by Bedford Media. It returned in Spring 2025 as a biannual publication.
Jabari Brisport
Jabari Brisport (born August 9, 1987) is an American politician, activist, and former public school teacher. He is the state senator for New York's 25th State Senate district in Brooklyn, and the first openly gay person of color to be elected to the New York State Legislature.

Bedford Union Armory
The Bedford Union Armory, or the Troop C Armory (now officially known as the Major R. Owens Health and Wellness Community Center) is a historic National Guard armory building located in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. It is a brick and stone castle-like structure built in 1903 and opened in 1908 and was used by the U.S. Army for training, equipment storage and even as a horse stable. The current community center opened in October 2021.
Michael Christian Martinez
Michael Christian "Mikee" Martinez (born November 4, 1996) is a Filipino Olympic figure skater. He is the 2015 Asian Figure Skating Trophy champion, a two-time Triglav Trophy champion and has won one ISU Challenger Series medal, silver at the 2014 Warsaw Cup. Martinez is the first skater from Southeast Asia and from a tropical country to qualify for the Olympics, was the only athlete to represent the Philippines at the 2014 Winter Olympics, and was one of only two to represent the Philippines at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

2013–14 ISU Junior Grand Prix
The 2013–14 ISU Junior Grand Prix was the 17th season of a series of junior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union. It was the junior-level complement to the 2013–14 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, in which senior-level skaters will compete. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.

Skaters earn points toward qualifying for the final at each of the seven Junior Grand Prix events. The top six skaters or teams from each discipline meet at the 2013–14 Junior Grand Prix Final, to be held concurrently with the senior final.