hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Mist (1864)
The first USS Mist was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was planned by the Union Navy for use as a gunboat stationed off Confederate waterways to prevent their trading with foreign countries.

Mist, a stern wheel steamer built at Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in 1864, was purchased at Cincinnati, Ohio, 23 December 1864, and commissioned at Mound City, Illinois, 3 March 1865, Acting Master W. E. H. Fontress in command.

Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Allegheny City was a municipality that existed in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania from 1788 until it was annexed by Pittsburgh in 1907. It was located north across the Allegheny River from downtown Pittsburgh, with its southwest border formed by the Ohio River, and is known as the North Side. The city's waterfront district, along the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, became Pittsburgh's North Shore neighborhood.

The boundary of Allegheny City encompassed the modern Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Allegheny Center, Allegheny West, Brighton Heights, California-Kirkbride, Central Northside, Chateau, East Allegheny, Fineview, Manchester, Marshall-Shadeland, North Shore, Perry South, Spring Hill–City View, and Troy Hill; most of Perry North; and parts of Northview Heights and Spring Garden.
Angus MacRobert
Angus David MacRobert (born 15 October 1968) is a South African former cricketer.

MacRobert was born at Pretoria in October 1968. He studied at the University of Cape Town, before undertaking his post-graduate studies in England at Keble College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Durham at Oxford in 1995. He made a total of nine first-class appearances for Oxford in 1995, taking 18 wickets with his right-arm medium-fast bowling at an average of 46.83, with best figures of 4 for 41. In addition to playing first-class cricket while at Oxford, he also made three List A one-day appearances for the Combined Universities cricket team in the 1995 Benson & Hedges Cup, taking 5 wickets at an average of 34.60, with best figures of 3 for 51.

British Universities cricket team
The British Universities cricket team was a cricket team whose players were drawn from university students studying in Great Britain. The team played under the title of Combined Universities until 1995. The team played List A cricket from 1975 to 1998 and first-class cricket from 1993 to 2006.
Ianoș Brînză
Ianoș Brînză (born 12 September 1998) is a Moldovan professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga III club ACS FC Dinamo București. Brînză started his career at Dacia Chișinău, then played for Politehnica Iași, before signing for FC Botoșani in the summer of 2017.

ACS FC Dinamo București
Asociația Club Sportiv Fotbal Club Dinamo București, also known as ACS FC Dinamo București or simply ACS FC Dinamo, was a Romanian football club based in Bucharest. The club emerged from the former administrative entity of FC Dinamo București, owning the trademark brand, which continued to be used by the latter. It fielded its own team in the lower leagues from 2017 and was dissolved in 2025 following bankruptcy proceedings
Network Computer Reference Profile
Network Computer Reference Profile (NC reference profile, NCRP) was a specification for a network computer put forward by Oracle Corporation, endorsed by Sun Microsystems, IBM, Apple Computer, and Netscape, and finalized in 1996.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Happy seeder
A Happy Seeder is a no-till planter, towed behind a tractor, that sows (plants) seeds in rows directly without any prior seedbed preparation. It is operated with the PTO of the tractor and is connected to it with three-point linkage. It consists of a straw managing chopper and a zero till drill that makes it possible to sow new crop in the residue of the previous crop. Flail type straight blades are mounted on the straw management rotor that chops the stubbles that comes in contact with the sowing tine. It deposits the residue of the previous crop over the sown field as mulch. Mainly, it is used to sow wheat after the paddy harvest in North India.

Seedbed
A seedbed or seedling bed is the local soil environment in which seeds are planted. Often, it comprises not only the soil but also a specially prepared cold frame, hotbed or raised bed used to grow the seedlings in a controlled environment into larger young plants before transplanting them into a garden or field. A seedling bed increases the number of seeds that germinate.
John David Carson
John David Carson (born John Franklin Carson; March 6, 1952 – October 27, 2009) was an American actor known for his work in film and television. Born in Los Angeles, California, he began his career as a voice actor for Hanna-Barbera cartoons, including Space Ghost (1966–1968). He transitioned to live-action roles, making his film debut in Pretty Maids All in a Row (1971). Carson appeared in a variety of projects, such as Stay Hungry (1976), Empire of the Ants (1977), and TV shows like Hawaii Five-O and Charlie's Angels. He retired after his role in Pretty Woman (1990) and died in 2009 at the age of 57.

Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)
Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and created by Leonard Freeman. Set in Hawaii, the show aired for 12 seasons on CBS from September 20, 1968, to April 5, 1980. The show starred Jack Lord as Detective Captain Stephen "Steve" McGarrett, the head of a fictional state police task force in Hawaii. The theme music composed by Morton Stevens became especially popular. Many episodes in the series would end with McGarrett's catchphrase, "Book 'em, Danno!"

At the airing of its finale, it was the longest-running police drama in American television history, and the last scripted primetime show that debuted in the 1960s to leave the air.
JD.com
JD.com, Inc., also known as Jingdong Group (Chinese: 京东集团; pinyin: Jīngdōng Jítuán), formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing. With revenues more than US158.8 billion in 2024, JD.com is China’s largest retailer by revenue, and ranks 47 on Fortune Global 500. It is one of the two massive B2C online retailers in China by transaction volume and revenue, and is a major competitor to Alibaba-run Tmall. JD.com’s portfolio spans across retail, technology, logistics, health care, industrials, property management, private label, insurance, and international business.

The company was founded by Liu Qiangdong on 18 June 1998, and its retail platform went online in 2004. It started as an online magneto-optical store, but soon diversified, selling electronics, mobile phones, computers, and similar items. The company changed its domain name to 360buy.com in June 2007 and then to JD.com in 2013. At the same time, JD.com announced its new logo and mascot.

Magneto-optical drive
A magneto-optical drive is a kind of optical disc drive capable of writing and rewriting data upon a magneto-optical disc. 130 mm (5.25 in) and 90 mm (3.5 in) discs are the most common sizes.

In 1983, just a year after the introduction of the compact disc, Kees Schouhamer Immink and Joseph Braat presented the first experiments with erasable magneto-optical compact discs during the 73rd AES 
Convention in Eindhoven. The technology was introduced commercially in 1985. Although optical, they normally appear as hard disk drives to an operating system and can be formatted with any file system. Magneto-optical drives were common in some countries, such as Japan, but have fallen into disuse.
Lutera Kalan
Lutera Kalan is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 143 kilometres (89 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Educating Eve
Educating Eve: The 'Language Instinct' Debate is a book by Geoffrey Sampson, providing arguments against Noam Chomsky's theory of a human instinct for (first) language acquisition. Sampson explains the original title of the book as a deliberate allusion to Educating Rita (1980), and uses the plot of that play to illustrate his argument. Sampson's book is a response to Steven Pinker's The Language Instinct specifically and Chomskyan linguistic nativism broadly.

The title, Educating Eve, was dropped after the first edition because the allusion to Educating Rita "was deemed unduly mysterious". The revised edition (2005) contains an additional chapter and "many passages, from a few words up to new chapter-sections, that discuss relevant scientific findings which have emerged since the first edition, or respond to objections made by critics of that edition."

Linguistics (journal)
Linguistics: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Language Sciences is a peer-reviewed academic journal of general linguistics published by De Gruyter Mouton. The journal publishes both articles and book reviews. It  publishes two special issues a year. The current Editor-in-Chief is Volker Gast. Since 2010, it publishes 1400 pages per year.
Sing My Song season 1
Sing My Song (season 1) was broadcast on CCTV-3 from January 3, 2014 to March 21, 2014, presented by Negmat Rahman. Yang Kun, Tanya Chua, Liu Huan and Wakin Chau were the four judges of this season. The winner was Henry Huo (霍尊) of Liu Huan team and Mosi Zishi (莫西子诗) of Yang Kun team was the runner-up.

Neghmet Rakhman
Neghmet Abdulrakhman (Uyghur: نېغمەت ئابدۇلراخمان, romanized: Nëghmet Abdulraxman; Chinese: 尼格买提·阿不都热合曼; pinyin: Nígémǎití·Rèhémàn; born 17 April 1983) is a Chinese television host of Uyghur ethnicity, currently working for state broadcaster CCTV. He is noted for hosting SuperStar DingDong and Sing My Song. He has also been a host on the CCTV New Year's Gala since 2015.
Hirnyk, Luhansk Oblast
Hirnyk (Ukrainian: Гірник, Russian: Горняк) is a rural settlement in Rovenky urban hromada, Rovenky Raion of Luhansk Oblast (region) in eastern Ukraine. Population: 769 (2022 estimate), 795 (2013 est.).

Since early 2014, the settlement has been administered as a part of the de facto Luhansk People's Republic.

Rovenky Raion
Rovenky Raion (Ukrainian: Ровеньківський район; Russian: Ровеньковский район) is a prospective raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is in the town of Rovenky. Population: 294,125 (2022 estimate). The area of the raion is controlled by Russia, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine.
Hawick railway station
Hawick railway station served the town of Hawick, Scottish Borders, Scotland from 1849 to 1969 on the Waverley Route. It has been proposed that it could re-open as an extension to the Borders Railway, and a feasibility study is currently underway.

Waverley Route
The Waverley Route was a railway line that ran south from Edinburgh, through Midlothian and the Scottish Borders, to Carlisle. The line was built by the North British Railway; the stretch from Edinburgh to Hawick opened in 1849 and the remainder to Carlisle opened in 1862. The line was nicknamed after the immensely popular Waverley Novels, written by Sir Walter Scott.

The line was closed in 1969, as a result of the Beeching Report. Part of the line, from Edinburgh to Tweedbank, reopened in September 2015. The reopened railway is known as the Borders Railway.
Rudolf Perhinek
Rudolf Perhinek (pseudonym Rade Perišin; or čiča Rade 23 June 1906 – 5 August 1982) was Yugoslav military officer with the rank of Captain in the Royal Yugoslav Army who, soon after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, joined Chetniks of Draža Mihailović. He was a member of the Supreme Command of Mihailović's Chetniks and received the rank of Major. Perhinek, also referred as Mihailović's right hand, organized Chetniks in Montenegro at the end of 1941. In period October 1941 — September 1943 he was a special envoy of Mihailovic's Chetnik staff for Montenegro who was also responsible for the intelligence service in Montenegro and Albania. Some sources describe him as an agent of Gestapo.: 186  For some time he was the Chief of Staff of Chetnik forces under command of Vojislav Lukačević. Perhinek was an ethnic Slovene. Yugoslav Government in Exile awarded him with Order of the Star of Karađorđe.

Lim-Sandžak Chetnik Detachment
The Lim-Sandžak Chetnik Detachment (Serbian: Лимско—Санџачки Четнички Одред) was a military unit of collaborationist Chetniks that was established in northern Montenegro and Sandžak at the end of June 1942, during World War II. In August 1942, it was commanded by Pavle Đurišić, and was the largest and the most elite military unit of Draža Mihailović at that time.
Xanthoparmelia viridis
Xanthoparmelia viridis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected by Hale from the Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden (Worcester) at an elevation of 300 m (980 ft), where it was found on a hillside growing on schist ledges. The lichen thallus is greenish yellow in color and measures 6–10 cm (2.4–3.9 in) broad, comprising somewhat irregular to more or less linear lobes that are 1.2–2.5 mm wide. It contains fumarprotocetraric acid, succinprotocetraric acid, and usnic acid.

Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).
Wishing Well (Terence Trent D'Arby song)
"Wishing Well" is a song by American singer-songwriter Terence Trent D'Arby. Written by D'Arby and Sean Oliver, D'Arby said "Wishing Well" was written "when I was in a half-asleep, half-awake state of mind", and that he "liked the feel of the words". Martyn Ware of Heaven 17 produced the song along with D'Arby. Released through Columbia Records as the second single from D'Arby's debut album, Introducing the Hardline According to Terence Trent D'Arby, the song went into heavy rotation on MTV and eventually topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as the Canadian and Dutch charts.

D'Arby performed the song live at the 30th Annual Grammy Awards, where he lost the Grammy Award for Best New Artist to Jody Watley. When the single reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, it had charted for 17 weeks, the longest progress to number one in the US charts since Eurythmics' "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" in 1983.

Heaven 17
Heaven 17 are an English synth-pop band formed in Sheffield in 1980. The band were originally a trio of vocalist Glenn Gregory and Human League co-founders Martyn Ware and Ian Craig Marsh, both on synthesizers.

The band achieved their biggest critical and commercial successes with their first three albums, Penthouse and Pavement (1981), The Luxury Gap (1983), and How Men Are (1984). Originally a studio-only group, they did not play their first live concerts until 1997. Marsh left the band in 2006, since which time Gregory and Ware have continued as a duo.
Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
The Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar is an American passenger transport aircraft of the World War II era, developed as part of the Model 10 Electra family, specifically from the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra.

Trans-Canada Air Lines
Trans-Canada Air Lines (also known as TCA in English, and Trans-Canada in French) was a Canadian airline that operated as the country's flag carrier, with corporate headquarters in Montreal, Quebec. Its first president was Gordon Roy McGregor. Founded in 1937, it was renamed Air Canada in 1965.
Hindenburg Range
The Hindenburg Range is a mountain range in the remote North Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, stretching from the Star Mountains to the east. The Hindenburg Wall escarpment leads up to the range.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Miss Earth 2013
Miss Earth 2013 was the 13th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Versailles Palace in Las Piñas, Metro Manila, Philippines, on December 7, 2013.

Tereza Fajksová of the Czech Republic crowned Alyz Henrich of Venezuela as her successor at the end of the event. Henrich made history as she put Venezuela on the map of pageantry as the only country to win all the Big Four beauty pageants at least twice.

88 contestants competed for this year's pageant, marking the highest turnout of any Miss Earth edition to date as of 2026. Miss Earth 2008, Karla Henry, was present at the pageant to express the gratitude to the different countries for helping the Philippines after the devastation caused by Typhoon Haiyan.

Karla Henry
Karla Paula Ginteroy Henry (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈhɛnɾɪ]; born May 23, 1986) is a Filipino-Canadian model and beauty queen. She was crowned Miss Earth 2008, becoming the first Philippine delegate and the first in the Asian region to win that title.
Rauf Dhomi
Rauf Dhomi (Albanian: Rauf Domi) (born 4 December 1945) is a Kosovan classical music composer and conductor and a teacher at the University of Pristina. Dhomi is the author of many operas, requiems, masses, cantatas, symphonic music, film scores and theater music.

University of Pristina
The University of Pristina (Albanian: Universiteti i Prishtinës) is a public university located in Pristina, Kosovo. It is the institution that emerged after the disestablishment of the University of Pristina (1969–1999) as a result of the Kosovo War. The inauguration of the university was a historical occurrence not only for the people of Kosovo, but for the whole Albanian nation. On 15 February, the solemn Parliament session took place, which is also proclaimed as The University of Pristina's Day. In the composition of the newly established University of Pristina were faculties with their headquarters in Pristina: the Faculty of Philosophy, Faculty of Law and Economics, Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Medicine. Now the University of Pristina has 17 faculties, of which 14 are academic faculties and 3 are faculties of applied sciences. 
Contained within the emblem is a translation of the name into Latin, Universitas Studiorum Prishtiniensis.
Osamu Nakajima
Osamu Nakajima (Shinjitai: 中嶋 修, born 16 June 1958 – 21 October 2012) was a Japanese racing driver.

Nakajima died in 2012 during a race at the Suzuka International Racing Course  during the 2012 FIA WTCC Race of Japan when, at the Super Taikyu support race, his Nissan Fairlady Z (Z33) slipped in oil and crashed into the Turn 1 barrier.  During the investigation, it was discovered Nakajima was in violation of international circuit regulations by failing to wear an approved head and neck restraint.

Suzuka Circuit
The Suzuka International Racing Course (Japanese: 鈴鹿国際レーシングコース, Hepburn: Suzuka Kokusai Rēsingu Kōsu), a.k.a. the Suzuka Circuit (鈴鹿サーキット, Suzuka Sākitto), is a 5.807 km (3.608 mi) long motorsport race track located in Ino, Suzuka City, Mie Prefecture, Japan and operated by Honda Mobilityland, a subsidiary of Honda Motor Co, Ltd. It has a capacity of 155,000. It is most well known for its use in the international Formula One and Japanese Super Formula championships.
Lenita Airisto
Hymmi Lenita Aulikki Airisto (born 1 January 1937 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish businesswoman, TV journalist, author, and promoter of Finnish industrial and cultural exports. She is also a beauty pageant titleholder, having won the title of Suomen Neito in 1954 and represented Finland at the Miss Universe 1954 pageant.

Export
An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an exporter; the foreign buyer is an importer. Services that figure in international trade include financial, accounting and other professional services, tourism, education as well as intellectual property rights.

Exportation of goods often requires the involvement of customs authorities.
Tan Hill, Wiltshire
Tan Hill (grid reference SU081646) is a hill north of Allington in the parish of All Cannings, Wiltshire, England.

Its summit is 294 metres (965 ft) above sea level and is the second highest point of the North Wessex Downs AONB hill range (the adjacent Milk Hill is 295 m high), and of Wiltshire. It is also the third highest point between Bristol and London. On 23 August 2009, the BBC programme Countryfile featured an item on analysis by Ordnance Survey to determine whether Milk or Tan Hill is the highest. It was confirmed that Milk Hill is 26 centimetres (10.2 in) higher than Tan Hill.

Along the north side of Tan Hill runs a section of The Wansdyke, an earthen rampart which runs east to west across much of southern England.

The hill is frequently used by the Thames Valley Hang Gliding and Paragliding Club in conjunction with Milk Hill.

Countryfile
Countryfile is a British television programme which airs weekly on BBC One and reports on rural, agricultural, and environmental issues.

The programme is currently presented by John Craven, Adam Henson, Matt Baker, Tom Heap, Ellie Harrison, Paul Martin, Helen Skelton, Charlotte Smith, Steve Brown, Sean Fletcher, Anita Rani and Sammi Kinghorn.