hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ballybrit
Ballybrit (Irish: Baile an Bhriotaigh) is an electoral division and townland in the civil parish of St. Nicholas, on the outskirts of Galway city in Ireland. The townland of Ballybrit is 2.5 square kilometres (1 sq mi) in area, and is home to Ballybrit Racecourse and a business park. Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a medieval tower house and an earlier ringfort site. The ringfort (or cashel) was used as a graveyard since at least the early 19th century.

Ringfort
Ringforts or ring forts are small circular fortified settlements built during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Middle Ages up to about the year 1000 AD. They are found in Northern Europe, especially in Ireland. There are also many in South Wales and in Cornwall, where they are called rounds. Ringforts come in many sizes and may be made of stone or earth. Earthen ringforts would have been marked by a circular rampart (a bank and ditch), often with a stakewall. Both stone and earthen ringforts would generally have had at least one building inside.
Tarfessock
Tarfessock is a hill in the Range of the Awful Hand, a sub-range of the Galloway Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. A craggy hill, it is the lowest Donald in the range, being completely obscured by Kirriereoch Hill when viewed from the Merrick. A nearby south top is dotted with a series of lochans. A farmhouse of the same name is located to the west, which along with the hill was at one time the property of the Marquess of Ailsa.

Southern Uplands
The Southern Uplands (Scottish Gaelic: Na Monaidhean a Deas) are the southernmost and least populous of mainland Scotland's three major geographic areas (the others being the Central Lowlands and the Highlands). The term is used both to describe the geographical region and to collectively denote the various ranges of hills and mountains within this region. An overwhelmingly rural and agricultural region, the Southern Uplands are partly forested and contain many areas of open moorland - the hill names in the area are congruent with these characteristics.
The Duke of Wellington at Pau, France
The legend of the Duke of Wellington at Pau, France, first appeared in a 1907 publication coinciding with the 65th anniversary of the founding of the Pau Hunt, and quickly developed into a tale about the origins of Fox hunting in Béarn. After the Peninsular War, Wellington spent just one night at Pau, May 18, 1814, stopping on the route from Toulouse to Madrid. The tale of a more lengthy and marked presence developed 90 years later as a prank that regular winter colonists played on newcomers. The tale found its way into touristic marketing publications, memoires and academic publications during challenging times. Despite contradictory historical evidence, it has developed into Bearnese folklore. Worldwide, is difficult to find any 21st century historical passage about the 19th century "English" tourist colony at Pau that does not present this legend.

Gardères
Gardères (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁdɛʁ]; Occitan: Gardèras) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.

Together with Luquet, the commune forms an enclave of Hautes-Pyrénées within the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. A neighbouring second enclave comprises the communes of Escaunets, Séron and Villenave-près-Béarn.
Karsh (crater)
Karsh is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 58 kilometers. Its name was suggested by American resident Elizabeth Freeman Rosenzweig in a naming contest which was eventually adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 2015. Karsh is named for the Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh.  The craters Carolan, Enheduanna, Kulthum, and Rivera were also named as part of the contest.

Karsh lies on the west rim of the much larger Rembrandt basin.

Armenian Canadians
Armenian Canadians (Western Armenian: գանատահայեր, Eastern Armenian: կանադահայեր, kanadahayer; French: Arméno-Canadiens) are citizens and permanent residents of Canada who have total or partial Armenian ancestry. According to the 2021 Canadian Census they number almost 69,000, while independent estimates claim around 80,000 Canadians of Armenian origin, with the highest estimates reaching 100,000. Though significantly smaller than the Armenian American community, the formation of both underwent similar stages beginning in the late 19th century and gradually expanding in the latter 20th century and beyond. Most Armenian Canadians are descendants of Armenian genocide survivors from the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon, Egypt), with less than 7% of all Canadian Armenians having been born in Armenia. Today most Armenian Canadians live in Greater Montreal and Greater Toronto, where they have established churches, schools and community centers.
Martin Glaum
Martin Glaum (born 1962) is a German economist and author and has held the Otto Beisheim Endowed Chair of International Accounting at the WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management since 2014. Before this he held the Chair of International Management, Accounting and Auditing at the University of Giessen in Giessen, Germany. Until 1999 he was a Professor of International Management at the Viadrina European University in Frankfurt (Oder). He was born in Wetzlar, Germany.

WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management
The WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management is a private German business school with campuses in Vallendar and Düsseldorf, Germany. As of September 2024, there are 2,007 students (including doctoral students) at WHU, about 251 employees and 59 professors (including assistant professors).
1983 British Speedway Championship
The 1983 British Speedway Championship was the 23rd edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 1 June at Brandon in Coventry, England. The Championship was won by Chris Morton, with Michael Lee second and Andy Grahame, who was the champion in the previous edition, winning a run-off against Kenny Carter, Peter Collins and John Davis for third.

Kenny Carter
Kenneth Malcolm Carter  (28 March 1961 – 21 May 1986), was a British motorcycle speedway rider. He was a World Pairs champion and British champion. On Wednesday, 21 May 1986, he shot dead his wife, Pam, and then killed himself, orphaning their two young children in the process.
Broken Vow
"Broken Vow" is a song that was written by Lara Fabian and Walter Afanasieff for Fabian's self-titled album released in 1999. It has since been recorded and performed by many other singers.

"Broken Vow" was featured as an insert song in the Taiwanese drama Meteor Garden II. It has a music video consisting of several scenes from the drama.

Taiwanese television drama
Taiwanese drama (Chinese: 台灣電視劇; pinyin: Táiwān Diànshìjù, also known as T.W. drama) refer to dramatic programming of television programming extended stories usually dramatizing relationships through the general range of ten to forty one-hour episodes. They are produced in Taiwan and have gained increasing popularity in the Mandarin-speaking community internationally. The term "Taiwanese drama" is applied to Taiwanese miniseries in general, even including those with greater elements of comedy than of drama.
Yellowbanded perch
The yellowbanded perch (Acanthistius cinctus), also known as the yellowbanded wirrah and girdled rock cod, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Serranidae, the groupers and sea basses. It is native to the southern Pacific Ocean, where it occurs along the coasts of eastern Australia and New Zealand.

This species reaches up to 50 centimeters in length. It is yellowish in color with thick vertical dark bands.

This fish lives in the benthic zone along coastlines. It can be found on reefs, including the Great Barrier and Middleton Reefs.

Middleton Reef
Middleton Reef is a coral reef in the Coral Sea. It is separated by a deep oceanic pass some 47 km wide from nearby Elizabeth Reef, forming part of the Lord Howe Rise underwater plateau. It is around 230 km from Lord Howe Island and 555 km from the coast of New South Wales. In 1997 the Environment, Sport and Territories Legislation Amendment Bill 1996 included the reef in Australia's Coral Sea Islands Territory.

It is among the southernmost platform reefs in the world. Despite its relatively high latitude, there is a wide variety of flora and fauna on the reef and in the surrounding waters, due to converging tropical and temperate ocean currents.

It is about 8.9 km long by 6.3 km wide. At low tide most of the reef flat is exposed, at high tide only one cay is visible,  The Sound, 100 m by 70 m and one metre above sea level.

The reefs form the Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Park Reserve managed by the Government of Australia under the Natural Heritage Trust.
Budig
Budig is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Ernst Budig (1908–1971), German swimmer

Gene Budig (1939–2020), American baseball executive and academic administrator

Rebecca Budig (born 1973), American actress and television presenter

Gene Budig
Gene Arthur Budig (May 25, 1939 – September 8, 2020) was an American baseball executive and academic administrator.  He was the last president of the American League (AL), serving from 1994 to 1999.  After his tenure concluded, the presidencies of the American League and the National League (NL) were eliminated by Major League Baseball (MLB).  Budig went on to become part-owner of a minor league baseball team, a position he held until his death.

Prior to baseball, Budig was a chancellor at the University of Kansas and president at Illinois State University and West Virginia University.
99th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 99th Light Infantry Division (German: 99. Leichte Infanterie-Division) was raised in November 1940 and remained in training at Bad Kissingen until the summer of 1941. In June it took part in Operation Barbarossa—the German invasion of the Soviet Union—and operated in Poland and Ukraine under Army Group South until the fall, when it was withdrawn to Germany for reorganization as the 7th Mountain Division.

In early 1942 the 7th Mountain Division was transferred to serve under the 20th Mountain Army in Lapland, and remained there until it withdrew into Norway at the beginning of 1945. It surrendered to the British there at the end of the war in May.

End of World War II in Europe
The end of World War II in Europe occurred in May 1945. Following the suicide of Adolf Hitler on 30 April, leadership of Nazi Germany passed to Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz and the Flensburg Government. Soviet troops captured Berlin on 2 May, and a number of German military forces surrendered over the next few days. On 8 May, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel signed the German Instrument of Surrender, an unconditional surrender to the Allies, in Karlshorst, Berlin. This is celebrated as Victory in Europe Day, while in Russia, 9 May is celebrated as Victory Day.

Some fighting continued after the German surrender. Some battles continued on the Eastern Front such as the Courland Pocket in western Latvia surrendering on 10 May, and the Prague offensive in Czechoslovakia ending on 11 May. On 25 May 1945, the Battle of Odžak ended in a Yugoslav Partisan victory. Following the conclusion in the European theatre, the war continued in the Pacific theatre.
Kaspar Deutschenbaur
Kaspar Deutschenbaur (1 November 1864, Schwabmünchen – 23 November 1950, Dießen am Ammersee) was a German politician who served as the mayor of Augsburg from 1919 to 1929. He was a member of the Bavarian People's Party.

Dießen am Ammersee
Dießen am Ammersee (German pronunciation: [ˈdiːsn̩ ʔam ˈʔamɐˌzeː] ⓘ, lit. 'Dießen on the Ammersee'; Southern Bavarian: Diaßn am Ammasä) is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany. It is located on the shores of the Ammersee.
Manville, South Carolina
Manville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, South Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census with a population of 471.

The CDP is in central Lee County along U.S. Route 15, 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Bishopville, the county seat, and 17 miles (27 km) north of Sumter. South Carolina Highway 441 has its northeastern terminus at US 15 just south of the CDP; Highway 441 leads southwest 19 miles (31 km) to U.S. Routes 76 and 378 next to Shaw Air Force Base west of Sumter. Scape Ore Swamp, a tributary of the Black River, forms the western border of the community.

U.S. Route 378
U.S. Route 378 (US 378) is a spur of US 78 in the U.S. states of Georgia and South Carolina. The U.S. Highway runs 234.30 miles (377.07 km) from US 78, Georgia State Route 10 (SR 10), SR 17, and SR 47 in Washington, Georgia, east to US 501 Business in Conway, South Carolina. US 378 connects the Central Savannah River Area in both states with the Midlands and Pee Dee regions of South Carolina. The U.S. Highway's western portion, which connects Washington and Lincolnton in Georgia and McCormick, Saluda, and Lexington in South Carolina, is mainly a rural highway. US 378 is a major suburban and urban highway through Lexington and South Carolina's state capital, Columbia. The highway has a lengthy concurrency with US 76 between Columbia and Sumter and serves as a major route between the Midlands and the Myrtle Beach area, between which the highway has a business route through Lake City.
Naka-ku, Yokohama
Naka-ku (中区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. In 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 146,563 and a population density of 7,080 persons per km². The total area was 20.86 km².

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
Playa de los Muertos
Playa de los Muertos (Beach of the Dead) is an archaeological site from the Middle Formative period and is located on the Honduras north coast, in the Ulua valley, however it has "had a continuous history going back as early as any sedentary society yet documented in Mesoamerica". Thought to at one time have been a village, Playa de los Muertos is primarily known through its burials and ceramics. Archaeologists have identified a strong Aztec and Mayan influence on the early inhabitants at Playa de los Muertos, however it is considered a distinct culture. The site is most notable for its finely made ceramic figurines, famously excavated by Dorothy Popenoe. These figurines, in particular those depicting the female form, have helped archaeologists interpret gender roles at the site. Archaeologists believe that people at Playa de los Muertos likely participated in long-distance trade networks which reach from Guatemala to the Gulf Coast Olmec centers.

Mesoamerican chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Pre-classic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present).

The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region.
Simona Frapporti
Simona Frapporti (born 14 July 1988) is an Italian former racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2008 and 2021, for seven different teams. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's team time trial in Florence. Frapporti is an athlete of Gruppo Sportivo Fiamme Azzurre.

2013 UCI Road World Championships – Women's team time trial
The Women's team time trial of the 2013 UCI Road World Championships took place on 22 September 2013 in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

The course of the race was 42.79 km (26.6 mi) from the town of Pistoia to the Nelson Mandela Forum in Florence.
L&YR Class 25
The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Class 25 is a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive.  They were introduced to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1876 by new locomotive superintendent William Barton Wright and 280 were built in total. Of these, 230 were later converted to saddle tanks by John Aspinall, to become L&YR Class 23. They were nicknamed "Ironclads" after the armoured warships being developed at the time.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Stephen Hopkins (pilgrim)
Steven Hopkins (fl. 1579 – d. 1644) was an English adventurer to the Virginia Colony and Plymouth Colony. Most notably, he was a passenger on the Mayflower in 1620, one of 41 signatories of the Mayflower Compact, and an assistant to the governor of Plymouth Colony through 1636. He worked as a tanner and merchant and was recruited by the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London to provide the governance for the colony and to assist with the colony's ventures. He was the only Mayflower passenger with prior New World experience, having been shipwrecked in Bermuda in 1609 en route to Jamestown, Virginia. Hopkins lived in Jamestown from 1610 to 1614, then returned to England. Hopkins settled in Plymouth Colony and died there in 1644.

Company of Merchant Adventurers of London
The Company of Merchant Adventurers of London was a trading company founded in the City of London in the early 15th century. It brought together leading merchants in a regulated company in the nature of a guild. Its members’ main business was exporting cloth, especially white (undyed) broadcloth, in exchange for a large range of foreign goods. It traded in northern European ports, competing with the Hanseatic League. It came to focus on Hamburg.
Ann Trevenen Jenkin
Dorothy Ann Trevenen Jenkin (14 April 1930 – 8 April 2024) was a Cornish and British writer, teacher, librarian, and activist for Cornish independence. She was the first woman Grand Bard of Gorsedh Kernow, a founding member of Mebyon Kernow, and its honorary president from 2011 until her death. Her bardic name was Bryallen, and she was Grand Bard from 1997 to 2000.

She was featured in the BBC Radio 4 programme Last Word on 26 April 2024, when host Matthew Bannister discussed her life with her daughter Loveday Jenkin.

Bardic name
A bardic name (Welsh: enw barddol, Cornish: hanow bardhek, Breton: anv ur barzh) is a pseudonym used by poets and other artists in the Brythonic cultures of Wales, Cornwall and Brittany.

In Wales, it is also associated with the National Eisteddfod, with new members of the Gorsedd assuming a bardic name when being admitted.
Gunnar Sauer
Gunnar Sauer (born 11 June 1964) is a German retired professional footballer who played as a central defender, most notably with Werder Bremen.

Over the course of 13 seasons (12 with his main club), he amassed Bundesliga totals of 134 games and eight goals despite being plagued by injuries which kept him out of action for long periods.

Sauer represented West Germany at Euro 1988, but did not gain an international cap.

Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics
An association football tournament was played as part of the 1988 Summer Olympics in South Korea, featuring 16 men's national teams from six continental confederations. The teams were drawn into four groups of four with each group playing a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at the Seoul Olympic Stadium on 1 October 1988.

Before the final match, the Soviet team relocated from the Olympic Village to a Soviet steamship stationed nearby. After winning the gold medal, each player from the Soviet team received 15 thousand dollars from the Soviet government.
Jailhouse rock (fighting style)
Jailhouse rock (JHR), also known as 52 Hand Blocks or simply 52 Blocks, is a name used to describe a collection of fighting styles that were practiced or developed within black urban communities in the 1960s and 1970s.

The many different manifestations of JHR share a commonality in blending western boxing with other stylised martial arts techniques. The basic principle of these styles is constant improvisation, blocks and effectiveness in real-life situations - Particularly, very tight spaces like a prison cell or a dark alley.

52 Hand Blocks has been referenced numerous times by contemporary media including by journalist Douglas Century's Street Kingdom: Five Years Inside the Franklin Avenue Posse, as well as numerous Wu-Tang Clan songs and Ted Conover's book Newjack. Recently, celebrities including actor Larenz Tate and rapper Ludacris have taken up the fighting system for film roles and self-defense, shining a brighter light on this previously underground martial art.

Ted Conover
Ted Conover (born January 17, 1958) is an American author and journalist who has been called a "master of immersion" and "master of experience-based narrative nonfiction." A graduate of Amherst College and a former Marshall Scholar, he is also a professor emeritus and past director of the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University, where he taught graduate courses in the Literary Reportage concentration, as well as undergraduate courses on the "journalism of empathy" and undercover reporting.