hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 2010–2014
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 2010 to 2014:

1  On 21 December 2010, the Labor member for Broadmeadows and former Premier of Victoria, John Brumby, resigned. Labor candidate Frank McGuire won the resulting by-election on 19 February 2011.

2  On 27 January 2012, the Labor member for Niddrie, Rob Hulls, resigned. Labor candidate Ben Carroll won the resulting by-election on 24 March 2012.

3  On 7 May 2012, the Labor member for Melbourne, Bronwyn Pike, resigned. Labor candidate Jennifer Kanis won the resulting by-election on 21 July 2012.

4  On 18 February 2013, the Labor member for Lyndhurst, Tim Holding, resigned. Labor candidate Martin Pakula won the resulting by-election on 27 April 2013.

5  On 6 March 2013, the member for Frankston, Geoff Shaw, resigned from the parliamentary Liberal Party and moved to the crossbenches as an independent.

2013 Lyndhurst state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Lyndhurst in the Victorian Legislative Assembly was held on 27 April 2013. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Labor Party (ALP) member Tim Holding on 18 February 2013. Martin Pakula retained the seat for Labor.
Thremhall Priory
Thremhall Priory was a community of Augustinian Canons in Great Hallingbury, Essex, England. It was probably founded in around 1150 by Gilbert de Montfichet or else by his son Richard de Montfichet the Elder.

It was dissolved in 1536 and re-granted to Sir John Cary and his betrothed, the widow Joyce Walsingham (née Denny; mother of Sir Francis Walsingham), with all its possessions, which included the manors of Thremhall, Engeyneshall (now Gidea Hall) in Little Clacton and Beches in Furneux Pelham.

There are no remains of the priory buildings, the site of which is now occupied by an 18th-century house, but the outlines of the moat and fishpond are still visible.

Canon regular
The Canons Regular are Catholic priests and religious brothers (canons) who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have lay brothers as part of the community. Canons regular generally follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

At times, the life of canons regular has been very popular. In 12th-century England, there were more houses of canons (often referred to as an abbey or canonry) than monasteries of monks.
Phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase
The enzyme phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.82) catalyzes the chemical reaction

3-phosphonopyruvate  2-phosphonoacetaldehyde + CO2

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-phosphonopyruvate carboxy-lyase (2-phosphonoacetaldehyde-forming). This enzyme is also called 3-phosphonopyruvate carboxy-lyase.  This enzyme participates in aminophosphonate metabolism.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Chim chum
Chim chum (Thai: จิ้มจุ่ม, pronounced [tɕîm tɕùm]; Northeastern Thai: แจ่วฮ้อน, pronounced [tɕɛ́w hɔ̂ːn]) is a Southeast Asian street food, popular especially in Thailand. It is traditionally made with chicken or pork and fresh herbs such as galangal, sweet basil, lemongrass and kaffir lime leaves, cooked in a small clay pot on a charcoal stove. It is often served with nam chim.

An earthenware pot on a tabletop brazier cooks broth with vegetables and herbs. Thai northeastern people call this dish chaeo hon (แจ่วฮ้อน)

Basil
Basil (Ocimum basilicum), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints). It is a tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. In Western cuisine, the generic term "basil" refers to the variety also known as Genovese basil or sweet basil. Basil is native to tropical regions from Central Africa to Southeast Asia. In temperate climates basil is treated as an annual plant, but it can be grown as a short-lived perennial or biennial in warmer horticultural zones with tropical or Mediterranean climates.

There are many varieties of basil including sweet basil, Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora), and Mrs. Burns' Lemon (O. basilicum var. citriodora). O. basilicum can cross-pollinate with other species of the Ocimum genus, producing hybrids such as lemon basil (O. × africanum) and African blue basil (O. × kilimandscharicum).
Peter Hegemann
Peter Hegemann (born 11 December 1954) is a Hertie Senior Research Chair for Neurosciences and a professor of Experimental Biophysics at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. He is known for his discovery of channelrhodopsin, a type of ion channels regulated by light, thereby serving as a light sensor. This created the field of optogenetics, a technique that controls the activities of specific neurons by applying light. He has received numerous accolades, including the Rumford Prize, the Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine, and the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research.

Shaw Prize
The Shaw Prize is a set of three annual awards presented by the Shaw Prize Foundation in the fields of astronomy, medicine and life sciences, and mathematical sciences. Established in 2002 in Hong Kong, by Hong Kong entertainment mogul and philanthropist Run Run Shaw (邵逸夫), the awards honour "individuals who are currently active in their respective fields and who have recently achieved distinguished and significant advances, who have made outstanding contributions in academic and scientific research or applications, or who in other domains have achieved excellence." The prize has been described as the "Nobel of the East".
2015 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game
The 2015 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game was the final game of the 2015 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, determining the national champion for the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The game was played on April 6, 2015, at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana, between the South regional champion, first-seeded Duke and the West regional champion, first-seeded Wisconsin.

Duke narrowly prevailed against the Badgers to win their second national title in six years and their fifth overall. As of 2025, this is the last time Duke or Wisconsin have appeared in the national championship game.

2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began in November 2014 and ended in Indianapolis, Indiana, with the 2015 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament Final Four on April 4, 2015, and the national championship game on April 6.  Practices officially began on October 3, 2014.
Sheila Greibach
Sheila Adele Greibach (born 6 October 1939 in New York City) is an American researcher in formal languages in computing, automata, compiler theory and computer science. She is an Emeritus Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Los Angeles, and notable work include working with Seymour Ginsburg and Michael A. Harrison in context-sensitive parsing using the stack automaton model.

Besides establishing the normal form (Greibach normal form) for context-free grammars, in 1965, she also investigated properties 
of W-grammars, pushdown automata, and decidability problems.

Automaton
An automaton (/ɔːˈtɒmətən/ ⓘ; pl.: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power or will, like a mechanical robot. The term has long been commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people.

Animatronics are a modern type of automata with electronics, often used for the portrayal of characters or creatures in films and in theme park attractions.
Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany
Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany is a book edited by Robert Gellately and Nathan Stoltzfus.  It is a collection of essays offering the history of those branded "social outsiders" in Nazi Germany.

It was published by Princeton University Press as a 320-page hardcover (ISBN 978-0-691-00748-9) and paperback (ISBN 978-0-691-08684-2) in 2001.

Robert Gellately
Robert Gellately (born 1943) is an American and Canadian historian specializing in Nazi Germany, the Holocaust, and the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin. His research on the Gestapo argued that Nazi terror relied heavily on denunciations by ordinary German citizens rather than omnipresent state surveillance. His books include The Gestapo and German Society (1990), Backing Hitler (2001), Lenin, Stalin and Hitler (2007), Stalin's Curse, (2013), and Hitler's True Believers (2020). His work has been translated into more than thirty languages.
Sosicles (sculptor)
Sosicles (Ancient Greek: Σωσικλῆς) was a Roman sculptor in the mid 2nd century AD.  He worked as copyist of ancient Greek masterpieces. He is known from his signature shown on a marble plinth from Tusculum and the column of a marble statue of a wounded Amazon (originally in the collection of Alessandro Albani, Inv. D19; now in the Capitoline Museums, Inv. MC 0651). The marble statue is one of the three Amazon statue types.

Copyist
A copyist is a person who makes duplications of the same thing. The modern use of the term is mainly confined to music copyists, who are employed by the music industry to produce neat copies from a composer or arranger's manuscript. However, the term is sometimes used for artists who make copies of other artists' paintings.
Ma Lin (warlord)
Ma Lin (Xiao'erjing: مَا لٍ, simplified Chinese: 马麟; traditional Chinese: 馬麟; pinyin: Mǎ Lín; Wade–Giles: Ma Lin; 1873 – 26 January 1945) was the governor of Qinghai 1931–38 and the brother of Ma Qi. A Hui Muslim born in 1873, Linxia County, Gansu, he mainly acceded to the posts of his brother, being general of southeastern Gansu province, as well as councillor of the Qinghai provincial government and acting head of the Construction Bureau of Qinghai province. His father was Ma Haiyan.

Xiao'erjing
Xiao'erjing, Xiaorjing, Xiaojing or Benjing, is a Perso-Arabic script used to write Sinitic languages, including Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Northeastern Mandarin, and Dungan. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to Islam in China—mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang and the Salar—and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia. Orthographic reforms introduced the Latin script and later the Cyrillic script to the Dungan language, which continue to be used today.

Xiao'erjing is written from right to left, like other Perso-Arabic writing systems.

Xiao'erjing is unusual among Arabic script-based writing systems in that all vowels, long and short, are explicitly notated with diacritics, making it an abugida. Some other Arabic-based writing systems in China, such as the Uyghur Arabic alphabet, use letters and not diacritics to mark short vowels.
Phayre's leaf monkey
Phayre's leaf monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei), also known as Phayre's langur, is a species of Old World monkey native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, namely India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Populations from further east are now thought to belong to other species. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by hunting and loss of habitat.
The species epithet commemorates Arthur Purves Phayre.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
Achton Friis
Achton Friis (5 September 1871 – 17 December 1939) was a Danish illustrator, painter and writer. He participated in the Denmark expedition to Northeast Greenland in 1906–1908, creating a large number of works in the process, both landscape paintings and portraits, as well as a written account which was published in 1909. He later published several comprehensive and richly illustrated works with descriptions of the nature and cultural history of different parts of Denmark. In addition, he designed decorative works for the Bing & Grøndahl porcelain manufacturer.

He is buried at Vestre Cemetery in Copenhagen. His son, Claus Achton Friis, was also a painter and graphic artist.

Denmark expedition
The Denmark expedition (Danish: Danmark-ekspeditionen), also known as the Denmark Expedition to Greenland's Northeast Coast and the Danmark Expedition after the ship's name, was an expedition to northeastern Greenland in 1906–1908.

Despite being overshadowed by the deaths under tragic circumstances of three of the expedition's leading members (Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen (1872–1907), Niels Peter Høeg Hagen (1877–1907), and Jørgen Brønlund (1877–1907)), the Denmark expedition was not a failure. It achieved its main cartographic objectives and succeeded in exploring the vast region, drawing accurate charts of formerly unexplored coastlines and fjords, naming numerous geographic features, and gathering a wealth of scientific data.
Banks Springs, Louisiana
Banks Springs is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Caldwell Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 1136. It is located near the center of Caldwell Parish 2 miles (3 km) south of Columbia, the parish seat, and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Grayson. The CDP includes the neighborhood of Columbia Heights.

U.S. Route 165 passes through the center of Banks Springs, leading north 34 miles (55 km) to Monroe and southwest 62 miles (100 km) to Alexandria.

The community was home to one of the Rosenwald Schools in the 19th-century.

Alexandria, Louisiana
Alexandria is the ninth-largest city in the state of Louisiana and is the parish seat of and the largest city in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. It lies on the south bank of the Red River in almost the exact geographic center of the state. It is the principal city of the Alexandria metropolitan area (population 153,922) which encompasses all of Rapides and Grant parishes. Its neighboring city is Pineville. As of the 2020 census, Alexandria had a population of 45,275.
Herman VIII, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Herman VIII, Margrave of Baden-Baden (died 1338) was a titular Margrave of Baden-Baden. He was the son of Margrave Hesso and his first wife Clara, daughter of Count Walter III of Klingen.

Herman VIII died in 1338.

Walther von Klingen
Walther von Klingen (died 1 March 1284) was a nobleman from the Thurgau area. After the death of his three sons made it impossible for him to establish a dynasty, he became a benefactor of the church. He founded a monastery in Wehr that later moved to Basel and donated generously to several monastic orders. He later became a close associate and supporter of King of Germany Rudolf von Habsburg. Walther reportedly foresaw the election of Rudolf as King in a dream vision. He later spent time at Rudolf's court and lent him a large sum of money, receiving the right to collect imperial taxes from the city of Zurich in return. At the end of his life, Walther lived in Basel, where he and his wife are buried in the Klingental monastery.

Eight of his songs, which belong to the Middle High German Minnesang tradition, has been preserved in the Codex Manesse manuscript. They are conventional canzone songs with typical Minnesang themes like lamentation or courtship.
Asian garden dormouse
The Asian garden dormouse or large-eared garden dormouse (Eliomys melanurus) is a species of rodent in the family Gliridae. It is found in Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey.
Its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, rocky areas and gardens.

It is active throughout the year but can enter a state of torpor. Diet consists mainly of insects, snails, centipedes and geckos but as an omnivore, it will also eat plant matter. It is a common species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
John Morrison (Saskatchewan politician)
John Morrison (October 29, 1872, Mt. Charles, Ontario – November 6, 1950, Yellow Grass) was a Canadian politician.

Morrison was a House of Commons of Canada member for the Progressive Party of Canada from 1921 to 1925 representing the riding of Weyburn. At the time of his election he was a farmer residing in Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan.

He was defeated in the 1925 election and unsuccessfully ran in the 1926 election.

Weyburn (federal electoral district)
Weyburn was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1949. This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Assiniboia, Qu'Appelle and Regina ridings. It was Tommy Douglas' riding from 1935 until he left Parliament to enter provincial politics in 1944.

It was abolished in 1947 when it was redistributed into Moose Mountain, Assiniboia and Qu'Appelle ridings.
Iranolacerta brandtii
Iranolacerta brandtii, also known commonly as Brandt's Persian lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is native to eastern Europe and western Asia. There are two recognized subspecies.

Lacertidae
The Lacertidae are the family of the wall lizards, true lizards, or sometimes simply lacertas, which are native to Afro-Eurasia. It is a diverse family with at about 360 species in 39 genera. They represent the dominant group of reptiles found in Europe.
Jordan Reyne
Jordan Reyne is an experimental musician currently residing in Toruń, Poland. Jordan's sound has been variously described as "industrial-tinged folk" and "antipodean Steampunk" yet defies any cut and dried genre description. She combines the two usually disparate genres of folk and industrial, bringing in Celtic vocal melody, historically-based narrative and the sounds of steam, iron and industrial "found sound". Several of her releases are set in the time of the Industrial Revolution.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Cebu's 5th congressional district
Cebu's 5th congressional district is one of the seven congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Cebu. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1916 and earlier in the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916. The district consists of the city of Danao and adjacent municipalities in the northeast and the Camotes Islands: Borbon, Carmen, Catmon, Compostela, Liloan, Pilar, Poro, San Francisco, Sogod and Tudela. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Vincent Franco D. Frasco, an independent and of One Cebu.

Prior to its second dissolution in 1972, it consisted of the southern municipalities of Alcantara, Alegria, Badian, Boljoon, Ginatilan, Malabuyoc, Moalboal, Oslob, Samboan, and Santander.

Malabuyoc
Malabuyoc, officially the Municipality of Malabuyoc (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Malabuyoc; Tagalog: Bayan ng Malabuyoc), is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 20,378 people.
Communauté de communes de la Région de Frévent
The Communauté de communes de la Région de Frévent was located in the Pas-de-Calais département, in northern France. It was created in January 1999. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes du Ternois in January 2017.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Madia (surname)
Madia is the surname of the following notable people:

Chunilal Madia (1922–1968), Gujarati author from India

Giorgio Madia (born 1965), Italian opera and ballet choreographer and stage director

Kanti Madia, Indian actor, director, producer and playwright

Marianna Madia (born 1980), Italian politician

Stefano Madia (1954–2004), Italian film actor

William Madia (born 1947), American scientist

Jiten Madia Indian Entreprenuer

William Madia
William (Bill) J. Madia (born 1947) is an American scientist and laboratory director. Madia holds a Ph.D. in nuclear chemistry, a field in which most of his career was focused at Battelle. In his early twenties, Madia was drafted into the US Army where he trained nuclear reactor operators. He later worked for Battelle, a non-profit research company where he began as a researcher before being promoted to direct various laboratories across the United States and Western Europe. Madia retired in 2007 and joined Stanford University in early 2008.  He retired from Stanford in 2019 and is now President of Madia & Associates, Inc. a management consulting firm.