hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
QF 2-pounder naval gun
The 2-pounder gun, officially the QF 2-pounder (QF denoting "quick firing") and universally known as the pom-pom, was a 40 mm (1.6 in) British autocannon, used as an anti-aircraft gun by the Royal Navy. The name came from the sound that the original models make when firing. This QF 2-pounder was not the same gun as the Ordnance QF 2-pounder, used by the British Army as an anti-tank gun and a tank gun, although they both fired 2 lb (0.91 kg), 40 mm (1.6 in) projectiles.

Vickers
Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 1867, acquired more businesses, and began branching out into military hardware and shipbuilding.

In 1911, the company expanded into aircraft manufacture and opened a flying school. They expanded even further into electrical and railway manufacturing, and in 1928 acquired an interest in the Supermarine.

Beginning in the 1960s, various parts of the company were nationalised, and in 1999 the rest of the company was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc, which sold the defence arm to Alvis plc. The Vickers name lived on in Alvis Vickers, until the latter was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 to form BAE Systems Land Systems.
Østensjø
Østensjø (pronounced [ˈœ̂sːtn̩ˌʂøː] ⓘ) is a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway.

The borough is in the southeastern part of Oslo. It is well known for its proximity to the forested area of Østmarka, a popular resort and hiking area for the citizens of Oslo and Lørenskog. Østensjø consists of the suburbs of Bøler, Abildsø, Bogerud, Skullerud, Ulsrud, Hellerud, Trasop, Oppsal and Manglerud, all located around Lake Østensjøvannet. The Østensjøvannet area has been a protected wildlife reserve since 1992.

Østensjø has traditionally been a Norwegian middle and working class borough, compared to the more immigrant 
populated boroughs in Oslo East End, like Alna, Grorud, Stovner and Søndre Nordstrand.

The club IL Manglerud Star which is known for ice hockey and football is located here.

Ulsrud
Ulsrud is a neighbourhood in Oslo, Norway. Previously an ancient farm, and located between the lakes Østensjøvannet and Ulsrudvannet.

The area is served by the Ulsrud station of the Østensjø Line on the Oslo Metro.
Pine Grove Covered Bridge
The Pine Grove Covered Bridge is a covered bridge that spans the East Branch of Octoraro Creek on the border between Lancaster County and Chester County in Pennsylvania, United States. It is the longest covered bridge in Lancaster County. The bridge was built in 1884 by Elias McMellen.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Dracaena pinguicula
Dracaena pinguicula, synonym Sansevieria pinguicula, also known as the walking sansevieria, is a xerophytic CAM succulent native to the Bura area of Kenya, near Garissa. The species was described by Peter René Oscar Bally in 1943.

Xerophyte
A xerophyte (from Ancient Greek  ξηρός (xērós) 'dry' and  φυτόν (phutón) 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are adapted to conserve water during dry periods. Some species called resurrection plants can survive long periods of extreme dryness or desiccation of their tissues, during which their metabolic activity may effectively shut down. Plants with such morphological and physiological adaptations are said to be xeromorphic. Xerophytes such as cacti are capable of withstanding extended periods of dry conditions as they have deep-spreading roots and capacity to store water. Their waxy, thorny leaves prevent loss of moisture.
Neve Mivtah
Neve Mivtah (Hebrew: נְוֵה מִבְטַח, lit. Oasis of Confidence) is a small moshav in southern Israel. Located near Bnei Ayish and Gedera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Be'er Tuvia Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 673.

Gedera
Gedera, less commonly known as Gdera (Hebrew: גְּדֵרָה), is a town in the southern part of the Shfela region in the Central District of Israel founded in 1884. It is 13 kilometres (8 miles) south of Rehovot. In 2023 it had a population of 30,685.
Isocentric technique
An isocentric technique is where all beams used in a radiation treatment have a common focus point, a.k.a. the isocenter. Isocentric techniques require less patient repositioning as multiple field arrangements can be delivered with gantry and collimator movements, reducing treatment times.

Collimator
A collimator is a device which narrows a beam of particles or waves. “To narrow” can mean either to cause the directions of motion to become more aligned in a specific direction (i.e., make collimated light or parallel rays), or to cause the spatial cross section of the beam to become smaller (beam limiting device).
Bobby Smith (ice hockey)
Robert David Smith (born February 12, 1958) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player. He played for the Minnesota North Stars and Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL). In 184 Stanley Cup playoff games, he recorded 160 points, which is currently the 25th most in league history. He played in four Stanley Cup Finals and won the 1986 Stanley Cup with the Canadiens. He was the 32nd player to record 1,000 points in NHL history, doing so on November 30, 1991. Smith was the majority owner of the Halifax Mooseheads junior hockey team for twenty years until February 2023.

1980 Stanley Cup playoffs
The 1980 Stanley Cup playoffs, the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 8, after the conclusion of the 1979–80 NHL season. This season saw the addition of four teams from the disbanded World Hockey Association (WHA) as expansion franchises, and thus the playoffs were also expanded from 12 to 16 teams. The expanded playoff format allowed two of those former WHA clubs, the Edmonton Oilers and the Hartford Whalers, to make the playoffs in their first season in the NHL. The Atlanta Flames played their final playoff games before moving to Calgary after the season; the playoffs would eventually return to Atlanta in 2007 when the expansion Atlanta Thrashers made their first postseason appearance.

The playoffs concluded on May 24 when the New York Islanders defeated the Philadelphia Flyers 5–4 to win the final series four games to two and win the Stanley Cup. It was the Islanders' first Stanley Cup win and was the first of four consecutive Stanley Cup wins.
1910 Tie Cup final
The 1910 Tie Cup final was the final match to decide the winner of the Tie Cup, the 11th edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Football Associations. The final was contested by Argentine C.A. Estudiantes and Uruguayan CURCC. It was the last Tie Cup played by the CURCC before the club dissolved in 1915.

In the match, played at Estadio GEBA in Palermo, Buenos Aires, the teams tied 2–2 so a playoff needed to be played to determine a winner. The rematch was never scheduled, so the trophy was declared desert in 1911.

Tie Cup
The Tie Cup Competition (also known as Copa de Competencia Chevallier Boutell) was an international football tournament played between representatives of the Argentina and Uruguay Associations. It was one of the earliest international football tournaments played between members of different national football associations, played on an annual basis until 1919.
Steritruncated 16-cell honeycomb
In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the steritruncated 16-cell honeycomb is a uniform space-filling honeycomb, with runcinated 24-cell, truncated 16-cell,  octahedral prism, 3-6 duoprism, and truncated tetrahedral prism cells.

Truncated tesseract
In geometry, a truncated tesseract is a uniform 4-polytope formed as the truncation of the regular tesseract.

There are three truncations, including a bitruncation, and a tritruncation, which creates the truncated 16-cell.
Hexamilium
Hexamilium was a Roman and Byzantine-era bishopric possibly centered on Lysimachia, on the Gallipoli Peninsula in modern Turkey.

It was located in the Roman province of Europa. and was mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus  and was known in the Late Roman Empire.

No bishops are known. It remains a vacant and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Later Roman Empire
In historiography, the Late or Later Roman Empire, traditionally covering the period from 284 CE to 641 CE, was a time of significant transformation in Roman governance, society, and religion. Diocletian's reforms, including the establishment of the tetrarchy, aimed to address the vastness of the empire and internal instability. The rise of Christianity, legalized by Constantine the Great in 313 CE, profoundly changed the religious landscape, becoming a central force in Roman life. Simultaneously, barbarian invasions, particularly by the Goths and the Huns, weakened the Western Roman Empire, which collapsed in 476 CE. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire endured, evolving into the Byzantine Empire and laying the foundations for medieval Europe.

This article ends with the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE and the beginning of the Byzantine Dark Ages.
50th Australian Film Institute Awards nominees and winners
The nominees for the 50th Australian Film Institute Awards were announced in Sydney, Australia, on 29 October 2008. The nominees for Best Documentary, Best Short Fiction Film, and Best Short Animation were announced on 7 August 2008.

Australian Film Institute Award for Best Documentary
The AFI Award for Best Documentary was an award presented by the Australian Film Institute in the annual AFI Awards. The category was superseded in 2008 with an award for Best Feature Length Documentary.
Ruhuhuaria
Ruhuhuaria is an extinct genus of owenettid procolophonoid reptile known from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of southwestern Tanzania. Ruhuhuaria is known solely from the holotype CAMZM T997, poorly preserved but complete skull and mandible recently re-discovered in the collections of the Cambridge Museum of Zoology. It was collected by the English paleontologist Francis Rex Parrington in the early 1930s from the Lifua Member of Manda Beds of the Ruhuhu Basin in Songea Urban District of southwestern Tanzania, which dates back to the late Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic. Ruhuhuaria was first described and named by Linda Akiko Tsuji, Gabriela Sobral and Johannes Müller in 2013 and the type species is Ruhuhuaria reiszi. The generic name is derived from the name of the Ruhuhu Basin. The specific name, reiszi, honors the Canadian paleontologist Robert R. Reisz.

Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between 246.7 Ma and 237 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Early Triassic Epoch and followed by the Late Triassic Epoch. The Middle Triassic is divided into the Anisian and Ladinian ages or stages.

Formerly the middle series in the Triassic was also known as Muschelkalk. This name is now only used for a specific unit of rock strata with approximately Middle Triassic age, found in western Europe. The Ashfield Shale and Bringelly Shale of western Sydney date to this epoch, with the former featuring fluvial fossils from that era.
Luís Caetano Pereira Guimarães Júnior
Luís Caetano Pereira Guimarães Júnior (17 February 1845, in Rio de Janeiro – 20 May 1898, in Lisbon) was a Brazilian diplomat, poet, novelist and dramaturgist.

He undertook his education in the Faculdade de Direito do Recife in 1869, in the same class of the writer Araripe Júnior. His works switched from Romanticism to Parnasianism.  During his career, he also used the pseudonym Oscar d'Alva.

As a diplomat, he lived in Santiago de Chile, Roma and Lisbon, where he finally stayed and he met intellectuals such as Eça de Queiroz, Ramalho Ortigão, Guerra Junqueiro or Fialho de Almeida. He was a member and one of the founders of Academia Brasileira de Letras.

Eça de Queiroz
José Maria de Eça de Queiroz or Queirós (European Portuguese: [ˈɛsɐ ðɨ kɐjˈɾɔʃ]; 25 November 1845 – 16 August 1900) is generally considered to have been the greatest Portuguese writer in the realist style. Zola considered him to be far greater than Flaubert. In the London Observer, Jonathan Keates ranked him alongside Dickens, Balzac and Tolstoy.
Lee C. Fine Memorial Airport
Lee C. Fine Memorial Airport (IATA: AIZ, ICAO: KAIZ, FAA LID: AIZ) a public airport located in Lake of the Ozarks State Park in Kaiser, Missouri, United States. The airport is owned by the city of Osage Beach.

Kaiser, Missouri
Kaiser is an unincorporated community in Miller County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is located on a county road just south of Route 42/134.  The zip code is 65047.

A post office called Kaiser has been in operation since 1904. The community was named after the local Kaiser family. With America's entry into World War I and the anti-German hysteria that followed, some residents proposed changing the name of the community to Success. However, after some debate, the plan failed.
Egyptian stelae in the Levant
The Egyptian Stelae in the Levant are the approximately 25 Ancient Egyptian stelae discovered in the Levant, today known as Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Jordan. The most notable examples are the Stelae of Nahr el-Kalb and the Beisan steles.

Only five pharaohs are represented: Thutmosis III and his son Amenophis II (1479 - 1401 BC, both 18th dynasty), Seti I and his son Ramesses II and  (1290 BC to 1213 BC, both 19th dynasty), and Shoshenq I (943–922 BC, 22nd dynasty).

Shoshenq I
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (Egyptian ššnq; reigned c. 943–922 BC)—also known as Shashank or Sheshonk or Sheshonq I—was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt.
Conqueror (tank)
The FV 214 Conqueror, also known as Tank, Heavy No. 1, 120 mm gun, Conqueror was a British heavy tank of the post-World War II era. It was developed as a response to the Soviet IS-3 heavy tank. The Conqueror's main armament, an L1 120 mm gun, was larger than the 20-pounder (83.4 mm) gun carried by its peer, the Centurion. The Conqueror's role was to provide long range anti-tank support for the Centurion. Nine Conquerors were issued for each regiment in Germany, usually grouped in three tank troops. In the British Army both the Conqueror and the Centurion were replaced by the Chieftain.

British Army of the Rhine
British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) was the name given to British Army occupation forces in the Rhineland, West Germany, after the First and Second World Wars, and during the Cold War, becoming part of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) tasked with defending the North German Plain from the armies of the Warsaw Pact. The BAOR constituted the bulk of British forces in West Germany.
Red culture movement
The red culture movement, officially known as Singing revolutionary songs, Reading classic books, Telling stories and Spreading mottos (Chinese: 唱红歌、读经典、讲故事、传箴言) or Singing, Reading, Telling and Spreading (Chinese: 唱读讲传) is a political movement launched by Bo Xilai in Chongqing, People's Republic of China, as part of the Chongqing model. It is one of Bo's two main political movements, along with Chongqing gang trials. Started in 2008, the movement caused impact around China.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Short hairpin RNA
A short hairpin RNA or small hairpin RNA (shRNA/Hairpin Vector) is an artificial RNA molecule with a tight hairpin turn that can be used to silence target gene expression via RNA interference (RNAi). Expression of shRNA in cells is typically accomplished by delivery of plasmids or through viral or bacterial vectors. shRNA is an advantageous mediator of RNAi in that it has a relatively low rate of degradation and turnover. However, it requires use of an expression vector, which has the potential to cause side effects in medicinal applications.

The promoter choice is essential to achieve robust shRNA expression. At first, polymerase III promoters such as U6 and H1 were used; however, these promoters lack spatial and temporal control. As such, there has been a shift to using polymerase II promoters, which are inducible, to regulate shRNA expression.

Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.
Blue Eyed Butcher
Blue Eyed Butcher is a 2012 American crime drama thriller television film directed by Stephen Kay. It stars Sara Paxton, Justin Bruening and Lisa Edelstein. The film is based on the 2003 stabbing death of Jeff Wright by the hands of his wife, Susan Wright, but focuses on Kelly Siegler, the case's prosecutor. The film made its debut on March 3, 2012, on Lifetime. It later aired in France on the TF1 channel under the title 193 coups de folie.

TF1
TF1 (French: [te ɛf œ̃] ⓘ; standing for Télévision Française 1) is a French commercial television network owned by TF1 Group, controlled by the Bouygues conglomerate. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network.

TF1 is part of the TF1 Group of mass media companies, which also includes the news channel LCI. It previously owned the satellite TV provider TPS, which was sold to Canal+ Group.

The network is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HBBTV) initiative, promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of terrestrial TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
Selvi Ananda
Selvi Ananda Putri (born 9 January 1989) is the current Second Lady of Indonesia as the wife of the 14th vice president Gibran Rakabuming Raka. She is also the daughter-in-law of the seventh Indonesian president Joko Widodo and the first lady Iriana.

Second ladies and gentlemen of Indonesia
Throughout Indonesian history, the title of Second Lady (Indonesian: Istri Wakil Presiden, lit. 'Wife of the Vice President') or Second Gentleman (Indonesian: Suami Wakil Presiden, lit. 'Husband of the Vice President') has been used to refer to the wife or husband of the vice president of Indonesia. While the Constitution of Indonesia does not mention anything about the spouses of the vice president, it continues to hold significant influence in the Indonesian society.
Sad Dance (song)
"Sad Dance" (Russian: Грустный дэнс) is a song by Ukrainian pop-group Artik & Asti featuring Russian singer Artyom Kacher, released on 14 February 2019 through the label Warner Music Group. The song debuted on the group's EP 7 (Part 1).

7 (Part 1)
7 (Part 1) (Russian:  «7 (Часть 1)») is the debut mini-album (EP) of Ukrainian group Artik & Asti, released on 29 March 2019 by the label Self Made. According to ТНТ Music, the title, like how many songs are on the album, was meant to coincide with seven years of the beginning of their music activity.
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (soundtrack)
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on 10 December 2002. The score was composed, orchestrated, and conducted by Howard Shore, and performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Voices, and the London Oratory School Schola. The Two Towers comes in a regular and a limited edition, which was an exclusive to Target in the US. This latter release contains the additional track "Farewell to Lórien" from the extended edition to The Fellowship of the Ring.

Special edition
The terms special edition, limited edition, and variants such as deluxe edition, collector's edition, expanded edition, or nth anniversary edition are used as a marketing incentive for various kinds of products, originally published products related to the arts, such as books, prints, recorded music and films, and video games, but now including clothing, cars, fine wine, and whisky, among other products.  A limited edition is restricted in the number of copies produced, although in fact the number may be very low or very high. Suzuki (2008) defines limited edition products as those “sold in a state that makes them difficult to obtain because of companies limiting their availability to a certain period, quantity, region, or channel". A special edition implies there is extra material of some kind included.  The term is frequently used on DVD film releases, often when the so-called "special" edition is actually the only version released.
Ontario Highway 138
King's Highway 138, commonly referred to as Highway 138, is a provincially maintained highway in eastern Ontario, Canada. It extends from former Highway 2 in Cornwall, north to Highway 417 east of Casselman. Highway 138 provides access to the Seaway International Bridge, connecting Cornwall with Massena, New York. The highway is 38.7 km (24.0 mi) in length.

Highway 138 was first established in 1967, connecting Highway 2, now Vincent Massey Drive, with Highway 43 in Monkland. By the mid-1970s, the route had been extended north to meet with the newly opened Highway 417. Since then it has remained unchanged.

Massena (village), New York
Massena is a village in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The village is named after André Masséna, one of Napoleon's generals.

The Village of Massena is at the southwestern town line of the Town of Massena, with a small southeastern section of the community spilling into the Town of Louisville, and a tiny portion in the Town of Norfolk. The village is located near the northern border of the county.