hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Brosius
George Brosius (September 9, 1839 – March 17, 1920) was a German-American gymnastics teacher and prominent member of the Milwaukee Turners associated from 1854 to 1915 with the Milwaukee Turnverein. He served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1864. He introduced physical education to the Milwaukee public schools in 1875 and supervised it until 1883. His crowning achievement was leading seven members of the Milwaukee Turnverein to the international gymnastics tournament in Frankfurt am Main in 1880, where they won the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 13th, and 21st individual prizes. He served as director of the American Gymnastic Union's Normal College of Physical Education in Milwaukee from 1875 to 1899.

Turner Hall (Milwaukee)
Turner Hall is a historic athletic club facility at 1034 North 4th Street in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  Named using the German "Turnen", meaning gymnastics or physical fitness, it is significant for its association with the American Turners, a German-American athletic, cultural, and political association. The Milwaukee group was founded in 1853 under the title, "Socialist Turnverein"; its leaders included Socialist Congressman Victor Berger.  The building is one of the largest and most distinctive surviving buildings associated with the Turner movement, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1996.  It is now used as a performance and meeting venue.
Kumna
Kumna is a village in Harku Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It has a population of 290 (as of 1 June 2010).

Kumna has been the site of a manor house since the 17th century. The current manor house was built in 1913 in a neoclassical style.

In 1865 a silver hoard from the 13th century BC was found in Kumna.

Harju County
Harju County (Estonian: Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla County to the south, and Lääne County to the southwest. The capital and largest city of Estonia, Tallinn, is located in Harju County. Harju is the largest county in Estonia in terms of population, as almost half (45%) of Estonia's population lives in Harju County.
Maricopa people
The Maricopa (/ˌmɛrɪˈkoʊpə/) or Piipaash (Maricopa pronouciation: pˈiː pˈɑːʃ) are a Native American tribe, who live in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and Gila River Indian Community (both in Arizona) along with the Akimel O'odham (Pima), a tribe with whom the Maricopa have long held a positive relationship. The Maricopa at the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community consist mostly of Xalychidom Piipaash members and are concentrated in Lehi. The Maricopa at the Gila River Indian Community are concentrated in Maricopa Colony. The Maricopa are a River Yuman group, formerly living along the banks of the Colorado River.

Lehi, Mesa
Lehi is a community within Mesa, Arizona. Lehi existed prior to the founding of Mesa, and was annexed by its much larger former neighbor in 1970. It is now the northern limit of central Mesa.

Lehi is adjacent to the Salt River on the north, the Consolidated Canal to the south, and a portion of Arizona State Route 202 runs through the area. It also borders the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, and has a long history with it.

Properties of note include the Old Lehi School, which was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in August 2001, and is currently the home of the Mesa Historical Museum.
Britney Spears' Guide to Semiconductor Physics
The Britney Spears' Guide to Semiconductor Physics is an informative but tongue-in-cheek website designed to be instructive in semiconductor physics.  Centered on the popularity and sex appeal of American pop singer Britney Spears, it offers a humorous play on the teaching of physics.  It was created by Carl Hepburn while a postgraduate at the University of Essex.

The website has been featured on websites ranging from BBC News to MTV.
A 2016 article in Vice magazine uses it as an example ("a living relic") of historical viral phenomena.

Subjects include "The Basics of Semiconductors", "Density of States", and "Photolithography" among others.
The site also includes a glossary of terms humorously entitled "Lip-glossary of Semiconductor Terms".

Density of states
In condensed matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of allowed modes or states per unit energy range. The density of states is defined as , where  is the number of states in the system of volume  whose energies lie in the range from  to . It is mathematically represented as a distribution by a probability density function, and it is generally an average over the space and time domains of the various states occupied by the system. The density of states is directly related to the dispersion relations of the properties of the system. High DOS at a specific energy level means that many states are available for occupation.

Generally, the density of states of matter is continuous. In isolated systems however, such as atoms or molecules in the gas phase, the density distribution is discrete, like a spectral density. Local variations, most often due to distortions of the original system, are often referred to as local densities of states (LDOSs).
Maryla Falk
Maryla Falk (26 September 1906 in Lviv – 13 June 1980 in Chamonix Mont Blanc) was a Polish indologist, sanskritist and religious scholar. A member of the Polish Oriental Society (1938) and a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society (1974), she is best remembered for her book Il mito psicologico nell’India antica (1939), reissued after her death by Adelphi Edizioni (1986) and translated into Polish (Mit psychologiczny w starożytnych Indiach, 2011). Maryla Falk is also known for her treatises l misteri di Novalis (1938) published in Naples, and Nāma-rūpa and Dharma-rūpa. Origin and Aspects of an Ancient Indian Conception (1943) published at the University of Calcutta.

Polish Oriental Society
Polish Oriental Society a society of Polish orientalists. Founded in 1922. Currently 131 members. Its statutory aims are: to contribute to the development of oriental studies in Poland through research and support of research on peoples of Asia and Africa. President: Marek Mejor.

Address:  00-927 Warszawa, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28 (Institute of Oriental Studies of the University of Warsaw)
Rock music of Canada
Rock music of Canada is a wide and diverse part of the general music of Canada, beginning with American and British style rock and roll in the mid-20th century.   Since then Canada has had a considerable impact on the development of the modern popular music called rock.  Canada has produced many of the genre's most significant groups and performers, while contributing substantively to the development of the most popular subgenres, which include pop rock, progressive rock, country rock, folk rock, hard rock, punk rock, heavy metal and indie rock.

Max Webster
Max Webster was a Canadian rock band formed in Toronto in 1972. The band was relatively successful in Canada, with several best-selling albums, and had some minor success in the UK, before dissolving in 1981. The band's founder, Kim Mitchell, subsequently enjoyed a long and successful solo career in Canada. In 2023, the band was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.
Ankahi Kahaniya
Ankahi Kahaniya (transl.  Untold Stories) is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language anthology film directed by Abhishek Chaubey, Saket Chaudhary and Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari, written by Piyush Gupta, Hussain Haidry, Shreyas Jain, Zeenat Lakhani and Nitesh Tiwari and starring Abhishek Banerjee, Rinku Rajguru, Delzad Hiwale, Kunal Kapoor, Zoya Hussain, Nikhil Dwivedi and Palomi Ghosh. It was released by Netflix on 17 September 2021 to mixed reviews.

Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari
Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari (born 15 October 1979) is an Indian film director and writer. After working in advertising for several years, she made her debut by directing the comedy-drama Nil Battey Sannata (2016). The film garnered great reviews and Tiwari went on to direct its Tamil remake entitled Amma Kanakku. She had previously served as the Executive Creative Director at Leo Burnett before she moved on to pursue a filmmaking career. Tiwari won the Filmfare Award for Best Director for the romantic comedy-drama Bareilly Ki Barfi (2017).
Seo Su-bin
Seo Su-bin (Korean: 서수빈) is a South Korean actress. She is known for her breakout, debut lead role in The World of Love for which she won the best actress award at the 2025 Red Sea International Film Festival.

2025 Red Sea International Film Festival
The 2024 Red Sea International Film Festival took place from December 4 to 13, 2025, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and marked the fifth edition of the film festival. It was held in the newly built Cultural Square venue in the Al-Balad district of Jeddah.

The Red Sea jury was headed by Sean Baker; 16 films were selected for competition.

In addition to screening films for competition, the film festival also hosted talks and discussions, galas and parties, and other events for the industry.
Institute of Advanced Study, Durham University
The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) is an interdisciplinary research centre of Durham University. The IAS – set up to mark Durham's 175th anniversary – is intended to attract scholars and public figures from across the world to collaborate on 'agenda-setting research'. It is housed in the Grade II* listed Bishop Cosin's Hall, an early 18th century building on Palace Green, Durham, within the Durham UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Institute accepted its first fellows in January 2006 and was formally inaugurated into the university in October that year.

Veronica Strang
Veronica Strang is an author and professor of anthropology affiliated to Oxford University. Her work combines cultural anthropology with environmental studies, and focuses on the relationship between human communities and their environments. Strang's publications include the books 'The Meaning of Water' (Berg 2004); Gardening the World: agency, identity, and the ownership of water' (Berghahn 2009); 'What Anthropologists Do' (Routledge 2009, 2021), 'Water Nature and Culture' (Reaktion 2015) and most recently 'Water Beings: from nature worship to the environmental crisis' (Reaktion 2023), which is based on a major comparative study of water deities around the world. Further information is available on her website at: https://www.veronicastrang.com/
Try It Out (Skrillex and Alvin Risk song)
"Try It Out" is a song by the American record producers Skrillex and Alvin Risk. It was released on 14 October 2013, as the lead single from Skrillex's debut album Recess, through Big Beat, Owsla and Atlantic Records. The Neon Mix acts as the single, although several versions are available.

Big Beat Records (American record label)
Big Beat Records Inc. is an American electronic and dance music record label, owned by Warner Music Group and operates through Atlantic Records. It was founded as an independent record label in 1986 by Craig Kallman with an emphasis on house music and later hip hop. It was absorbed into Atlantic Records in 1992 and eventually relaunched separately in 2010 as a primarily electronic music label. Its current roster includes 100 gecs, Dog Blood, Galantis, Whethan, Cash Cash, and Clean Bandit.
Cristina Pérez (reporter)
Cristina Pérez (born August 17, 1973 in San Miguel de Tucumán) is an Argentine television news journalist. Since 2002, she has worked alongside Rodolfo Barilli, as news anchor of Telefe's Telefe Noticias a las 20 ("Telefe News at 8 PM").

Telefe
Telefe (acronym for Televisión Federal) is a television station located in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The station is owned and operated by Grupo Televisión Litoral through Televisión Federal S.A. Telefe is also one of Argentina's six national television networks. Its studios are located in Martínez, Buenos Aires, adjacent to the corporate headquarters; its transmitter is located at the Alas Building.

In areas of Argentina where a Telefe station is not receivable over-the-air, it is available on satellite and select cable systems. Telefe also has regional stations across the country and an international network (Telefe Internacional) which is available in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania.
Saint John the Evangelist and Michael the Archangel
Saint John the Evangelist and Michael the Archangel form a pair of 1518 oil on panel paintings by Pontormo. Each work was originally rectangular in format - the round opening was added in 1737 to accommodate a shrine with a crucifix. They hang in the church of San Michele Arcangelo in Pontormo in the artist's birthplace of Pontorme and may have originally been produced for its cappella del Crocifisso.

Empoli
Empoli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈempoli]) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Florence, Tuscany, Italy, about 30 km (20 miles) southwest of Florence, to the south of the Arno in a plain formed by the river. The plain has been usable for agriculture since Roman times.  The commune's territory becomes hilly as it departs from the river. Empoli is on the main railway line from Florence to Pisa, and is the point of divergence of a line to Siena.
Empoli has an enduring tradition as an agricultural centre. It has given its name to a local variety of artichoke.
Nobuo Mii
Nobuo Mii (Japanese: 三井 信雄=Mii Nobuo; July 4, 1931 – July 14, 2015), often called Nobi by English speakers, was a Japanese computer pioneer who made various contributions, working for NHK and IBM, and also is an investment fund executive.

IBM 3767
IBM 3767 Communication Terminal is a serial  printer terminal that employed dot matrix print-head technology and, for the first time, the Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) communications protocol set under IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA).  It was introduced in 1974 and was used widely during the late 1970s to 1990s, for attachment to IBM System/360 and System/370 mainframe computers and IBM System/7 as an alternative to a 2741 typewriter terminal.
Yuen Long Plain
The Yuen Long Plain, in the northwestern corner of the New Territories, is the largest alluvial plain in Hong Kong. With an area of 144.3 square kilometres (55.7 sq mi), it was formed between the time of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and Song dynasty (960–1279). It covers Yuen Long Town, Tin Shui Wai, Lau Fau Shan, Ping Shan, Shap Pat Heung, Hung Shui Kiu, San Tin, Lok Ma Chau, Pat Heung, Kam Tin, Nam Sang Wai, Mai Po, etc.

In the past it was mainly covered by marshes, fields and fish ponds. Yuen Long New Town and Tin Shui Wai New Town were built on the plain.

Historically, there have been large numbers of duck and pig farms in Yuen Long.

Lau Fau Shan
Lau Fau Shan (Chinese: 流浮山; lit. 'Floating mountain') is an area of Yuen Long District, in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is at the shore of Deep Bay, near Tin Shui Wai and facing Shekou in Shenzhen, China.
Deaths in November 2019
The following is a list of notable deaths in November 2019.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Hedge and Donna
Hedge and Donna were an American folk and folk-rock duo comprising Keene Hedge Capers (born February 21, 1945) and Donna Marie Carson (November 13, 1946 – November 21, 2019). They recorded six albums between 1968 and 1973. On their final album they were credited as Capers and Carson.
SS Le Calvados
SS Le Calvados was a French cargo ship used as a troopship in World War I.

Le Calvados was built in 1890 at the Cockerill Yards in Hoboken, Antwerp, Belgium, for the French Compagnie Générale Transatlantique.

After the outbreak of World War I, the French Army requisitioned her for use in transporting troops. On 4 November 1915, the Imperial German Navy submarine SM U-38 torpedoed her in the Mediterranean Sea between Marseille, France, and Oran, French Algeria, 22 nautical miles (41 km) northwest of Cape Ivy, Arzew, French Algeria. Of the 800 people on board, 740 were killed.
55 survivors were rescued by the British SS Lady Plymouth, only 24h after the sinking.

SM U-38
SM U-38 was a German Type U 31 U-boat which operated in the Mediterranean Sea during World War I. It ended up being the third most successful U-boat participating in the war, sinking 134 merchant ships sunk for a total of 287,811 GRT.

Its longest serving captain was Kptlt. Max Valentiner, who was awarded the Pour le Mérite while in command of U-38. Valentiner was in command of U-38 in November and December 1915 when she sank the passenger liners Ancona and Persia; both were controversial since the ships were sunk by torpedoes without warning, in defiance of the then-current Prize rules, which stated that merchant vessels carrying passengers be given an opportunity to evacuate their passengers before being sunk.

In 1917 Valentiner was succeeded as commander of U-38 by Kptlt. Wilhelm Canaris, who decades later became an Admiral and head of the Abwehr (German Military Intelligence), in 1935–1944.
I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University
I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), formerly Punjab Technical University (PTU), is a public state university in Kapurthala, Punjab, India established by an Act of State Legislature on 16 January 1997.

State university (India)
In India, state universities are run and funded by the state government of each of the states of India.

Following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, education became a state responsibility. Following a constitutional change in 1976, it became a joint responsibility of the states and the central government.

As of 23 August 2022, the UGC lists 456 state universities.
Jerwen County
Jerwen County (German: Kreis Jerwen or Kreis Weissenstein, Estonian: Järva kreis or Paide kreis, Russian: Вейсенштейнскій/Еервенскій уѣздъ, romanized: Veysenshteynskiy/Yervenskiy uyezd) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia. It was situated in the central part of the governorate (in present-day northern Estonia). Its capital was Paide (Weissenstein). The territory of Jerwen County corresponds to most of present-day Järva County and small parts of Lääne-Viru and Rapla counties.

Lääne-Viru County
Lääne-Viru County (Estonian: Lääne-Viru maakond or Lääne-Virumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. In Estonian, lääne means 'western' and ida means 'east' or 'eastern'. Lääne-Viru borders Ida-Viru County to the east, Jõgeva County to the south, and Järva and Harju counties to the west. In January 2013, Lääne-Viru County had a population of 58,806, or 4.5% of the population of Estonia.
William P. Gottlieb
William Paul Gottlieb (January 28, 1917 – April 23, 2006) was an American photographer and newspaper columnist who is best known for his classic photographs of the leading performers of the Golden Age of American jazz in the 1930s and 1940s. Gottlieb's photographs are among the best known and widely reproduced images of this jazz era.

Gottlieb took pictures of hundreds of prominent jazz musicians and personalities, typically while they were playing or singing at well-known New York City jazz clubs. His subjects included Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Billie Holiday, Dizzy Gillespie, Earl Hines, Jo Stafford, Thelonious Monk, Stan Kenton, Ray McKinley, Benny Goodman, Coleman Hawkins, Louis Jordan, Ella Fitzgerald, Toots Thielemans, Cab Calloway, and Benny Carter. In accord with his wishes, Gottlieb's photographs were placed in the public domain in 2010; many are used in Wikipedia and other public domain or freely licensed venues.

Charlie Parker
Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer. Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies. He was a virtuoso and introduced revolutionary rhythmic and harmonic ideas into jazz, including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions. Parker primarily played the alto saxophone.

Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat Generation, personifying the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual rather than just an entertainer.
Asefru
The asefru (pl. isefra) is a poetic composition of the Berber literature of Kabylia. It is a sort of short sonnet with a ternary structure, formed by three strophes of three verses each. The rhymes follow the pattern AAB AAB AAB, while the length of the three verses of each strophe is 7 + 5 + 7 syllables.

It is a relatively new meter compared to those from traditional poetry, probably born around the middle of the 19th century, and the poet who has indissolubly linked his name to this type of composition is Si Mohand. The asefru is usually read or recited but can also be sung, and numerous examples of isefra sung are present in the repertoire of different Kabyle singers, such as Taos Amrouche (for example Vaste est la prison, Vast is the prison), Slimane Azem (Effɤ ay ajrad tamurt-iw, Grasshopper, leave my country) or Malika Domrane (Nnehta, Sighing).

An example of asefru (Si Mohand):

Malika Domrane
Malika Domrane (Tamazight: ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽⴰ ⴷⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰⵏ, Malika Dumran; born 12 March 1956 in Tizi Hibel) is an Algerian singer known for her contributions to Berber music and her advocacy for women's rights and cultural identity.
Northern Railroad of Guatemala
The Northern Railroad of Guatemala was a railway system that ran from Guatemala City to Puerto Barrios, the main port of Guatemala, between 1896 and 1968. The American United Fruit Company had the monopoly of the railway system through its affiliate, International Railways of Central America (IRCA), along with the docks at Puerto Barrios, the banana plantations in Izabal and the cargo and passenger transport with its Great White Fleet.  The system was highly efficient, but once a parallel highway was built, it could not compete and eventually was handed back to the State of Guatemala in 1968.  After that, the system slowly lost its relevance, as the trucks were more profitable than railway transportation along this route.  It ceased regular operations in 1996, and has remained partially abandoned since.

Manuel Estrada Cabrera
Manuel José Estrada Cabrera (21 November 1857 – 24 September 1924) was the President of Guatemala from 1898 to 1920. A lawyer with no military background, he modernised the country's industry and transportation infrastructure, via granting concessions to the American-owned United Fruit Company, whose influence on the government was deeply unpopular among the population. Estrada Cabrera ruled as a dictator who used increasingly brutal methods to assert his authority, including armed strike-breaking, and he effectively controlled general elections. He retained power for 22 years through controlled elections in 1904, 1910, and 1916, and was eventually removed from office when the national assembly declared him mentally incompetent, and he was jailed for corruption. As such, he was the longest-serving leader of Guatemala.