hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kanthal (alloy)
Kanthal is the trademark for a family of iron-chromium-aluminium (FeCrAl) alloys used in a wide range of resistance and high-temperature applications. Kanthal FeCrAl alloys consist of mainly iron, chromium (20–30 wt%) and aluminium (4–7.5 wt%). The first Kanthal FeCrAl alloy was developed by Hans von Kantzow in Hallstahammar, Sweden. The alloys are known for their ability to withstand high temperatures and having intermediate electric resistance. As such, it is frequently used in heating elements. The trademark Kanthal is owned by Alleima AB.

Alleima
Alleima is a Swedish company specialising in advanced alloys for various industrial applications. In 2023, it had operations in 80 countries. Alleima's makes materials and components for many applications, e.g. medical, hydrogen, electrical heating technology, ultra-fine wires, and nuclear power plants.

Alleima researches materials togethers with University of Uppsala.
Hieracium pringlei
Hieracium pringlei, common name Pringle's hawkweed, is a North American plant species in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to Mexico with additional populations in Guatemala, Arizona, and New Mexico.

Hieracium pringlei is an herb up to 45 cm (18 in) tall with woolly hairs, with leaves both on the stem and in a rosette at the bottom. Leaves are up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long, hairy, occasionally with teeth on the edges. One stalk can produce 3-20 flower heads in a flat-topped array. Each head has 12-15 yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Sooty gull
The sooty gull (Ichthyaetus hemprichii) is a species of gull in the family Laridae, also known as the Aden gull or Hemprich's gull. It is found in Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Maldives, Mozambique, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus Larus. The sooty gull is named in honour of the German naturalist Wilhelm Hemprich who died in 1825 while on a scientific expedition to Egypt and the Middle East with his friend Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.

Laridae
Laridae is a family of seabirds in the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns (including white terns), noddies, and skimmers. It includes 105 species arranged into 23 genera. They are an adaptable group of mostly aerial birds found worldwide.
Tourism in Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, regarded as the "Paris of South America", offers elegant architecture, exquisite cuisine, a legendary nightlife, and fashionable shopping. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) the travel and tourism sector of Argentina was moving towards recovering its pre-COVID-19 pandemic contribution to GDP in mid-2023, led by Buenos Aires.

San Telmo, Buenos Aires
San Telmo ("Saint Pedro González Telmo") is the oldest barrio (neighborhood) of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A well-preserved area of the Argentine metropolis, it hosts some of its oldest buildings. One of the birthplaces of tango, during the mid 20th century it was the Bohemian district with painters ateliers and jazz clubs. Cafes, tango parlors and antique shops line the cobblestone streets, which are often filled with street artists and dancers.

San Telmo's attractions include old churches (e.g. San Pedro Telmo), museums, food halls and stalls, antique stores and a semi-permanent antique fair (Feria de Antigüedades) in the main public square, Plaza Dorrego. Tango-related activities for both locals and tourists are in the area.The "Manzana de las Luces" ("Enlightenment [city] block") hosted several colonial institutions.
Nembe
Nembe is a Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Nembe in the east of the area at 4°32′22″N 6°24′01″E﻿ / ﻿4.53944°N 6.40028°E﻿ / 4.53944; 6.40028.  The people of Brass, Nembe and Southern Ijaw Councils of Bayelsa State have bemoaned their neglect by oil companies operating in their areas.

They also lamented years of oil spillages that have destroyed their environment, aquatic life, as well as air and water pollution and called on the Bayelsa State Oil and Environmental Commission (BSOEC) and international communities  to come to their rescue.

Nigerian Academy of Letters
The Nigerian Academy of Letters is a national academy and apex body of arts and literature in Nigeria. It is an autonomous, scholarly and non-political state institution for advancing scholarship and public interest in the humanities at the highest level in Nigeria. The incumbent president of the academy is Professor Duro Oni.

Established in 1974 after recommendation of "Udoji Report of 1974" it is currently governed by executive committee of distinguished professors and promote a limited number of four types of fellows: Foundation Fellows, Regular Fellows, Overseas Fellows and Honorary Fellows on a yearly basis.

There are currently 84 Fellows in the academy; 7 foundation fellows, 51 regular fellows, 12 overseas fellows and 14 honorary fellows.
1903 North Leitrim by-election
The 1903 North Leitrim by-election was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of North Leitrim. The sitting MP, P. A. McHugh was unseated after being declared bankrupt, but he won the seat again unopposed.

The by-election caused some controversy as there was doubt as to whether McHugh would be allowed to stand due to being bankrupt. This meant that his supporters first nominated Peter McHugh, the MP's father so that there would be a Home Rule supporter able to be voted in as MP if there was a Unionist supporter, the worry being that a Unionist candidate could be elected by default if PA McHughes' candidacy was disallowed. As there was no unionist candidate the nomination was withdrawn in the final hour allowed which meant that the by-election was unopposed.

There was still considerable doubt after the by-election as to whether the successful candidate could take his seat or vote in the House of Commons due to his undischarged bankruptcy.

North Leitrim
North Leitrim was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland. From 1885 to 1918 it returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Prior to the 1885 United Kingdom general election and after the dissolution of Parliament in 1918 the area was part of the Leitrim constituency.
Social and environmental impact of palm oil
Palm oil, produced from the oil palm, is a basic source of income for many farmers in South East Asia, Central and West Africa, and Central America. Its cultivation and production (often monoculture on previously carbon-sequestering, biodiverse forest land) often coincides with human rights abuses (including rape, human trafficking, child labor, and slavery), displacement and disruption of human and animal populations, and other harmful environmental effects. These impacts can be significant, as oil palms produce 38% of the world's vegetable-oil output on 6% of the world's vegetable-oil farmland, and products from oil palms are widespread in cosmetics. There has also been considerable greenwashing of deforestation and animal cruelty related to palm oil production, with offenders including palm oil producers that received certifications of sustainability.

Greenwashing
Greenwashing (a compound word modeled on "Whitewashing"), also called green sheen, is a form of advertising or marketing spin that deceptively uses green PR and green marketing to persuade the public that an organization's products, goals, or policies are environmentally friendly. Companies that intentionally adopt greenwashing communication strategies often do so to distance themselves from their environmental lapses or those of their suppliers. Firms engage in greenwashing for two primary reasons: to appear legitimate and to project an image of environmental responsibility to the wider public. Since there is no harmonized and international definition of greenwashing, its determination in a given instance can be a subjective challenge for consumers and regulatory bodies.
Texas's 108th House of Representatives district
The 108th district of the Texas House of Representatives consists of portions of northern Dallas, all of Highland Park, and all of University Park in Dallas County. The current representative is Morgan Meyer, who has represented the district since 2014.

The district is home to Southern Methodist University in University Park.

Highland Park, Texas
Highland Park is a town in central Dallas County, Texas, United States, with a population estimated to be 8,719 in 2022, dropping from the previously recorded 8,864 in 2020. It is located between the Dallas North Tollway and U.S. Route 75 (North Central Expressway), 4 miles (6 km) north of downtown Dallas.

Highland Park is bordered on the south, east and west by Dallas and on the north by the city of University Park. Highland Park and University Park together comprise the Park Cities, an enclave of Dallas. Highland Park has been referred to as "a 2.2-square-mile residential island city".
Noelia Espíndola
Noelia Espíndola (born 6 April 1992) is an Argentine footballer who last played as a defender for Boca Juniors. She was a member of the Argentina women's national team.

Espíndola represented Argentina at the 2008 South American U-17 Women's Championship, 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, 2011 Pan American Games, 2012 South American U-20 Women's Championship, 2014 South American Games, 2014 Copa América Femenina and at the 2015 Pan American Games.

2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
The 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup was the 4th edition of the tournament. It was held in Chile between 19 November and 7 December 2008. Sixteen teams, comprising representatives from all six confederations, took part in the final competition, in which Chile had a guaranteed place as the host nation.
Jodoigne-Souveraine
Jodoigne-Souveraine (French pronunciation: [ʒɔdɔɲ suvʁɛn]; Walloon: Djodogne Sovrinne) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Jodoigne, located in the province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium.

The village lies next to the Great Gette.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Tata Güines
Federico Arístides Soto Alejo (June 30, 1930 – February 4, 2008), better known as Tata Güines, was a Cuban percussionist, bandleader and arranger. He was widely regarded as a master of the conga drum, and alongside Carlos "Patato" Valdés, influential in the development of contemporary Afro-Cuban music, including Afro-Cuban jazz. He specialized in a form of improvisation known as descarga, a format in which he recorded numerous albums throughout the years with Cachao, Frank Emilio Flynn, Estrellas de Areito, Alfredo Rodríguez and Jane Bunnett, among others. In the 1990s he released two critically acclaimed albums as a leader: Pasaporte and Aniversario. His composition "Pa' gozar" has become a standard of the descarga genre.

Descarga
A descarga (literally discharge in Spanish) is an improvised jam session consisting of variations on Cuban music themes, primarily son montuno, but also guajira, bolero, guaracha and rumba. The genre is strongly influenced by jazz and it was developed in Havana during the 1950s. Important figures in the emergence of the genre were Cachao, Julio Gutiérrez, Bebo Valdés, Peruchín and Niño Rivera in Cuba, and Tito Puente, Machito and Mario Bauzá in New York. Originally, descargas were promoted by record companies such as Panart, Maype and Gema under the label Cuban jam sessions. From the 1960s, the descarga format was usually adapted by large salsa ensembles, most notably the Fania All-Stars.
Saga (journal)
Saga is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of Iceland. It is the official publication of the Icelandic historical society, Sögufélag. The journal was established in 1949 and has since then been the journal of choice for historians of Iceland.

All articles in Saga are subject to a double blind peer-review. Articles in Saga are written in Icelandic but accompanied by an English abstract.

The editors-in-chief are Kristín Svava Tómasdóttir and Vilhelm Vilhelmsson.

Abstract (summary)
An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application.  Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines are aimed at compiling a body of literature for that particular subject.

The terms précis or synopsis are used in some publications to refer to the same thing that other publications might call an "abstract". In management reports, an executive summary usually contains more information (and often more sensitive information) than the abstract does.
Subatan-Diza (archeological site)
Sumbatan-Diza, also called Subatan-Diza, is an archaeological site in Azerbaijan.  It is located in Ordubad region, south-west of Sabirkend, on the right bank of Gilanchay, 800 m (0.80 km) north of Ordubad-Nakhchivan road, on the mountain of the same name, covering Rasul and Suleyman valleys.

Elamite language
Elamite, also known as Hatamtite and formerly as Scythic, Median, Amardian, Anshanian and Susian, is an extinct language that was spoken by the ancient Elamites. It was recorded in what is now southwestern Iran from 2600 BC to 330 BC.  Elamite is generally thought to have no demonstrable relatives and is usually considered a language isolate. The lack of established relatives makes its interpretation difficult.

A sizeable number of Elamite lexemes are known from the Achaemenid royal inscriptions – trilingual inscriptions of the Achaemenid Empire, in which Elamite was written using Elamite cuneiform (circa 5th century BC), which is fully deciphered. An important dictionary of the Elamite language, the Elamisches Wörterbuch was published in 1987 by W. Hinz and H. Koch. The Linear Elamite script however, one of the scripts used to write the Elamite language c. 2000 BC, has remained elusive until the 2010s.
Lewisuchus
Lewisuchus is a genus of archosaur that lived during the Late Triassic (early Carnian). As a silesaurid dinosauriform, it was a member of the group of reptiles most commonly considered to be the closest relatives of dinosaurs (possibly true dinosaurs themselves). Lewisuchus was about 1 metre (3.3 ft) long. Fossils have been found in the Chañares Formation of Argentina. It exhibited osteoderms along its back.

Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian. Its boundaries are not characterized by major extinctions or biotic turnovers, but a climatic event (known as the Carnian pluvial episode characterized by substantial rainfall) occurred during the Carnian and seems to be associated with important extinctions or biotic radiations. Another extinction occurred at the Carnian-Norian boundary, ending the Carnian age.
Morris Raphael Cohen
Morris Raphael Cohen (Belarusian: Морыс Рафаэль Коэн; July 25, 1880 – January 28, 1947) was a Russian-born American judicial philosopher, lawyer, and legal scholar who united pragmatism with logical positivism and linguistic analysis. This union coalesced into the "objective relativism" fermenting at Columbia University before and during the early twentieth-century interwar period. He was father to Felix S. Cohen and Leonora Cohen Rosenfield.

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
Hickling Broad
Hickling Broad is a  600-hectare (1,500-acre) nature reserve 4 km south-east of Stalham, north-east of Norwich in Norfolk. It is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust. It is a National Nature Reserve and part of the Upper Thurne Broads and Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest and Hickling Broad and Horsey Mere Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I. It is in the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation.

It is the broad with the largest surface area, and the water is slightly brackish, due to its proximity to the sea. The navigation channel is only 1.5 m deep, with much of the broad being shallower; it is 1.4 km2, making it one of the largest expanses of open water in East Anglia.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Grœnlendinga þáttr (I)
Grœnlendinga þáttr ('The Tale of the Greenlanders') is a short story about the exploration of Vinland in North America by Leif Erikson and later Norse explorers, including Thorvald Eiriksson, Thorfinn Karlsefni, and Freydís Eiríksdóttir.

The tale is preserved in the Flateyjarbók, in columns 281–288, where it is interpolated into the Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason. It is commonly combined and translated with Eiríks þáttr rauða as the Saga of the Greenlanders.

Freydís Eiríksdóttir
Freydís Eiríksdóttir (born c. 965) was an Icelandic woman said to be the daughter of Erik the Red (as in her patronym), who figured prominently in the Norse exploration of North America as an early colonist of Vinland, while her brother, Leif Erikson, is credited in early histories of the region with the first European contact. The medieval and primary sources that mention Freydís are the two Vinland sagas: the Saga of the Greenlanders and the Saga of Erik the Red. The two sagas offer differing accounts, though Freydís is portrayed in both as one of the strongest female Vikings.
Uhthoff's phenomenon
Uhthoff's phenomenon (also known as Uhthoff's syndrome, Uhthoff's sign, and Uhthoff's symptom) is the worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases when the body is overheated. This may occur due to hot weather, exercise, fever, saunas, hot tubs, hot baths/showers, and hot food and drink. Increased temperature slows nerve conduction, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. With an increased body temperature, nerve impulses are either blocked or slowed in a damaged nerve. Once the body temperature is normalized, signs and symptoms typically reverse.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Rain Effect
Rain Effect is the sixth Korean-language studio album (seventh overall) by South Korean recording artist Rain. It was released through Cube DC on January 2, 2014, and was distributed by Loen Entertainment. It is his first studio album in 6 years since Rainism (2008) and his first musical release since Back to the Basic (2010). Rain Effect contains a total of ten tracks, including the lead singles "30 Sexy" and "La Song".

The album was primarily written and produced by Rain along with Bae Jin-ryeol (JR Groove), Jung Woo-young and Hwang Hye-kyung. Hyuna participated as the album's only featured artist.

Music Bank
Music Bank (Korean: 뮤직뱅크) is a South Korean music program which airs every Friday at 17:15 KST on KBS2. As of 2015, the show is also broadcast in more than a hundred countries through KBS World. Episodes are filmed at the KBS New Wing Open Hall in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District. The show also organizes the global live concert Music Bank World Tour.
The Countess Died of Laughter
The Countess Died of Laughter (German: Frau Wirtins tolle Töchterlein, Italian: Leva lo diavolo tuo dal... convento) is a 1973 Austrian-Italian sex comedy film directed by Franz Antel. It is the final entry in Franz Antel's series Frau Wirtin and incorporates a great deal of archive footage from earlier films.

Sexual comedy
Sexual comedy (also known as sex comedy and erotic comedy) is a genre in which comedy is motivated by sexual situations and love affairs. Although "sexual comedy" is primarily a description of dramatic forms such as theatre and film, literary works such as those of Ovid and Giovanni Boccaccio may be considered sexual comedies.

Sexual comedy was popular in 17th century English Restoration theatre. From 1953 to 1965, Hollywood released a number of sexual comedies, some featuring stars such as Doris Day, Jack Lemmon and Marilyn Monroe. The United Kingdom released a spate of sexual comedies in the 1970s, notably the Carry On series. Hollywood released Animal House in 1978, which was followed by a long line of teen sexual comedies in the early 1980s, e.g. Porky's, Bachelor Party and Risky Business. Other countries with a significant sexual comedy film production include Argentina (comedia picaresca), Brazil (pornochanchada), Italy (commedia sexy all'italiana) and Mexico (sexicomedias).