hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tongoni Ruins
The Tongoni Ruins (Magofu ya kale ya Tongoni in Swahili) are a 15th-century Swahili ruins of a mosque and forty tombs located in Tongoni ward in Tanga District inside Tanga Region of Tanzania. The largest and possibly most significant Swahili site in Tanzania is Tongoni, which is located 25 km north of the Pangani River. Overlooking Mtangata Bay, about forty standing tombs and a Friday mosque of the "northern" style occupy a third of a hectare. People from the area continue to worship there spiritually. They bury their departed family members to the south of the historic tombs. The area was a different place four to five centuries ago. Contrary to its almost unnoticed presence today, it was a prosperous and a respected Swahili trading centre during the 15th century. Most of the ruins are still not yet been uncovered. The site is a registered National Historic Site.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
Billy (crater)
Billy is a lunar impact crater that is located at the southern fringes of the Oceanus Procellarum, in the western hemisphere of the Moon. It was named after French mathematician Jacques de Billy. It lies to the southeast of the similar-sized crater Hansteen, and west-southwest of the flooded Letronne.

The interior floor of Billy has been flooded by basaltic lava, leaving a dark surface due to the low albedo. The portion of the rim remaining above the surface is narrow and low, with a thin inner wall. Only a few tiny craterlets mark the interior.

To the north of the crater is a triangular mountainous formation named Mons Hansteen, from the nearby crater. Southeast of Billy is a rille, designated Rima Billy, that runs 70 kilometers to the south.

Jacques de Billy
For the English patristic scholar and Benedictine abbot, see Jacques de Billy (abbot) (1535–1581).

Jacques de Billy (March 18, 1602 – January 14, 1679) was a French Jesuit mathematician.  Born in Compiègne, he subsequently entered the Society of Jesus.  From 1629 to 1630, Billy taught mathematics at the Jesuit College at Pont-à-Mousson. He was still studying theology at this time. From 1631 to 1633, Billy taught mathematics at the Jesuit college at Rheims.  From 1665 to 1668 he was professor of mathematics at the Jesuit college at Dijon.  One of his pupils there was Jacques Ozanam.  Billy also taught in Grenoble.  He also served as rector of a number of Jesuit Colleges in Châlons-en-Champagne, Langres and in Sens.

The mathematician Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, who had been a pupil of Billy's at Rheims, became a close friend.  Billy maintained a correspondence with the mathematician Pierre de Fermat. He died January 14, 1679 in Dijon, France.
Thérèse Stukel
Thérèse A. Stukel is a Canadian statistician who works as a senior core scientist at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, as a professor in the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation of the University of Toronto, and as an adjunct professor of epidemiology and of The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice at Dartmouth College. Topics in her research include surgical mortality, the effects of regional variations in healthcare spending, and heart-related health care.

Perioperative mortality
Perioperative mortality has been defined as any death, regardless of cause, occurring within 30 days after surgery in or out of the hospital. Globally, 4.2 million people are estimated to die within 30 days of surgery each year. An important consideration in the decision to perform any surgical procedure is to weigh the benefits against the risks. Anesthesiologists and surgeons employ various methods in assessing whether a patient is in optimal condition from a medical standpoint prior to undertaking surgery, and various statistical tools are available. ASA score is the most well known of these.
Libyan Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Libyan Revolutionary Guard Corps (LRGC; Liwa Haris al-Jamahiriya), also known as the Jamahiriyyah Guard, was a paramilitary elite unit that played the role of key protection force of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi, until his death in October 2011. Composed of 4,000 men hand-picked from Gaddafi's tribal group in the Sirte region, the Guard was well armed, being provided with T-54 and T-62 tanks, APCs, MRLs, SA-8 SAMs and ZSU-23-4 anti-aircraft guns taken from the army inventory. As of 2005, its commander was Hasan al-Kabir al-Gaddafi, a cousin of the former Libyan leader.

Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.

According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, an APC is "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres calibre." Compared to infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are also used to carry infantry into battle, APCs have less armament and are not designed to provide direct fire support in battle. Infantry units that travel in APCs are known as mechanized infantry. Some militaries also make a distinction between infantry units that use APCs and infantry units that use IFVs, with the latter being known as armoured infantry.
Dictyonema hapteriferum
Dictyonema hapteriferum is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is a shelf‑forming basidiolichen—a lichen whose fungal partner belongs to the Basidiomycota rather than the more common Ascomycota—first described in 2013 from specinens collected in cloud forest habitats in the Andes. Its turquoise, filamentous thallus overgrows bark in thin, horizontal sheets whose underside carries minute, root‑like spore‑producing pads.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Convocation Sejm of 1764
The Convocation Sejm of 1764 was a confederated convocation sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth which met in Warsaw from 7 May to 23 June. It was tasked with preparing a royal election to fill the throne of the Commonwealth, but also carried out a series of reforms to the Commonwealth.

The Sejm was led by Sejm marshal, Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski. Familia party of Czartoryski magnate family, backed by the Russian Empire (whose military forces were occupying parts of the Commonwealth) forced an election of their candidate (Stanisław August Poniatowski). In protest at the presence of Russian forces, and influence of Russian ambassador to the Commonwealth, Herman Karl von Keyserling, many opposition deputies left the session - in the end the Sejm passed its decisions with only 80 deputies (out of 300) and 7 senators (out of 136). The Sejm approved the cession of the territory of the Commonwealth to Russia, made in the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686.

Hermann Karl von Keyserling
Count Hermann Karl von Keyserling (Russian: Герман Карл фон Кейзерлинг, romanized: German Karl fon Keyzerling; 1697 – 30 September 1764) was a Russian diplomat from the Keyserlingk family of Baltic German nobility based in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.
2011 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2011 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 101st completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Oulart–The Ballagh entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 9 October 2011 at Wexford Park, between Oulart–The Ballagh and Rathnure, in what was their fourth meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in the final in five years. Oulart–The Ballagh won the match by 1-10 to 0-11 to claim their ninth championship title overall and a third title in succession.

Chadwicks Wexford Park
Chadwicks Wexford Park is a GAA stadium in Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland. It is the home of Wexford GAA's Gaelic football and hurling teams. After a recent development the ground has a capacity of about 18,000.
It is located in the Clonard area on the outskirts of Wexford Town.

In 2015, a local technology company, Innovate Business Technology, bought the naming rights to the stadium. The new name was Innovate Wexford Park. In 2020, Chadwicks builders' providers replaced Innovate as the name sponsor of the stadium.
1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election
The 1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election was a parliamentary by-election held in October 1919 for the British House of Commons constituency of Manchester Rusholme. The by-election was important for shaping the future Labour Party attitude to electoral relations with the Liberal Party.

Manchester South
Manchester South was one of six parliamentary constituencies created in 1885 by the division of the Parliamentary Borough of Manchester, England.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system. The constituency was abolished in 1918.
Khirbet Nisaf
Khirbet Nisaf (Arabic: خربة نيصاف) is a Syrian hamlet in Awj Nahiyah in Masyaf District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Khirbet Nisaf had a population of 50 as of 2004.

Masyaf District
Masyaf District (Arabic: مصياف Maṣyāf)  is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 169,341. Its administrative centre is the city of Masyaf.
1995–96 Taça de Portugal
The 1995–96 Taça de Portugal was the 57th edition of the Taça de Portugal, a Portuguese football knockout tournament organized by the Portuguese Football Federation. It began in September 1995 and concluded with the final at the Estádio Nacional on 18 May 1996.

Sporting CP were the previous holders, having defeated Marítimo 2–0 in the previous season's final. Benfica defeated Sporting 3–1 in the final to win their 23rd Taça de Portugal. As a result of them winning the domestic cup competition, Benfica faced 1995–96 Primeira Divisão winners Porto in the 1996 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira.

Estádio Nacional
The Estádio Nacional (English: National Stadium), also known as Centro Desportivo Nacional do Jamor (English: Jamor National Sports Centre), is a football stadium. It is located in the civil parish of Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, in the municipality of Oeiras, in the southwestern part of Lisbon District.

The Portugal national team played 46 matches at the stadium from 1945 to 1987, then played additional friendlies in 1999, 2003, 2014 and 2024. The venue was used by B-SAD from 2018 to 2022 and by Casa Pia A.C. in 2022–23, both as a temporary home ground in the Primeira Liga.

The stadium hosted the first ever UEFA club game on 4 September 1955 between Primeira Divisão's third-placed team, Sporting CP, and the Yugoslav champions, Serbian side Partizan Belgrade. It ended as a 3–3 draw and was the first game to be played of the first edition of the European Cup.
Greg Ramsbottom
Greg Ramsbottom is a Gaelic football player from County Laois in Ireland.

He began his juvenile club career with Park/Ratheniska but he currently plays his club football for Stradbally and is also a member of the Laois senior team.

He was part of the Laois under-21 side that won the Leinster title and were eventual All-Ireland runners up in 1998 and was unfortunate to lose out on a Leinster Minor Football Championship medal in 1995 when it took three games to separate the O’Moore County and eventual All-Ireland Minor Football Championship winners Westmeath.

Greg made his Laois senior debut against Westmeath in 1998. He made his full championship start in 2000 against Westmeath.

With Stradbally, he won Laois Senior Football Championship medals  in 1997 and 1998 before transferring to the Round Towers club in Dublin in 2005. He returned to play for Stradbally in 2007.

County Laois
County Laois (/liːʃ/ LEESH; Irish: Contae Laoise) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and in the province of Leinster. It was known as Queen's County from 1556 to 1922. The modern county takes its name from Loígis, a medieval kingdom. Historically, it has also been known as County Leix.

Laois County Council is the local authority for the county, and is based in Portlaoise.

At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 91,657, an increase of 56% since the 2002 census.
Luna E-6 No.8
Luna E-6 No.8 (Ye-6 series), sometimes identified by NASA as Luna 1965A, was a Soviet spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1965. It was a 1,422-kilogram (3,135 lb) Luna Ye-6 spacecraft, the seventh of twelve to be launched, It was intended to be the first spacecraft to perform a soft landing on the Moon, a goal which would eventually be accomplished by the final Ye-6 spacecraft, Luna 9.

Luna E-6 No.8 was launched on 10 April 1965, atop a Molniya-L 8K78L carrier rocket, flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. During third stage flight, a nitrogen pipeline in the oxidiser tank depressurised, which caused a loss of oxidiser flow to the engine and resulted in the engine cutting off. The spacecraft failed to achieve orbit, and the spacecraft disintegrated on reentry. Prior to the release of information about its mission, NASA correctly identified that it had been an attempt to land a spacecraft on the Moon.

Molniya (rocket)
The Molniya (Russian: Молния, meaning "lightning"), GRAU Index 8K78, was a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and had four stages. The rocket was given the name Molniya due to the large number of Molniya communication satellites the rockets launched.
C. J. Spiller
Clifford "C. J." Spiller Jr. (born August 5, 1987) is an American football coach and former running back and return specialist who is currently the running backs coach at Clemson University. He previously served as a graduate intern at Clemson in 2020.

Spiller played college football for the Clemson Tigers and was recognized as a unanimous All-American. Spiller was drafted by the Buffalo Bills with the ninth overall pick in the 2010 NFL draft and played in the National Football League (NFL) for 9 seasons with the Bills, the New Orleans Saints, the Seattle Seahawks, the New York Jets and the Kansas City Chiefs.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
Luboš Buchta
Lubomír Buchta (born 16 May 1967 in Nové Město na Moravě) is a Czech cross-country skier who competed from 1989 to 1999. Competing in three Winter Olympics, his best finish was seventh in the 4 × 10 km relay at Albertville in 1992 while his best individual finish was 13th twice (30 km: 1992, 50 km: 1998).

Buchta's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fifth in the 10 km event at Val di Fiemme in 1991. His best World Cup finish was third in a 50 km event in Norway in 1992.

Buchta earned four FIS race victories up to 15 km from 1994 to 1997.

Nové Město na Moravě
Nové Město na Moravě (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnovɛː ˈmɲɛsto ˈna moravjɛ] ⓘ; German: Neustadt in Mähren) is a town in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,800 inhabitants. Located in the Křižanov Highlands, Nové Město na Moravě is a winter sports resort, known primarily for hosting biathlon competitions.

Among the most important feudal owners of the town was the Pernštejn family, during whose rule in the 16th century the town experienced its greatest prosperity. The historic town centre with Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical houses is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
O'Chiese First Nation
The O'Chiese First Nation (/oʊˈtʃiːz/) is a Saulteaux First Nation in Alberta, Canada. The First Nation's homeland is the 14,131.9 ha (34,921-acre) O'Chiese 203 Indian reserve, approximately 52 km northwest of Rocky Mountain House. Also reserved is the O'Chiese Cemetery 203A. As of November 2013, the First Nation had a population of 1,250 registered people, of which the on-reserve population was 831 people. The primary language spoken on the reserve is Western Ojibwa. Though the ancestors of O'Chiese First Nation made the area about the Baptiste River their winter camp site where they hunted moose and deer, and trapped small game for the fur trade, they also migrated in the summer as far south as the Milk River in what is now Montana.

Western Ojibwa language
Western Ojibwa (also known as Nakawēmowin (ᓇᐦᑲᐌᒧᐎᓐ), Saulteaux, and Plains Ojibwa) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, a member of the Algonquian language family. It is spoken by the Saulteaux, a subnation of the Ojibwe people, in southern Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan, Canada, west of Lake Winnipeg. Saulteaux is generally used by its speakers, and Nakawēmowin is the general term in the language itself.
Artificial reproduction
Artificial reproduction is the re-creation of life brought about by means other than natural ones. It is new life built by human plans and projects. Examples include artificial selection, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, artificial womb, artificial cloning, and kinematic replication.

Artificial reproduction is one aspect of artificial life. Artificial reproduction can be categorized into one of two classes according to its capacity to be self-sufficient: non-assisted reproductive technology and assisted reproductive technology.

Cutting plants' stems and placing them in compost is a form of assisted artificial reproduction, xenobots are an example of a more autonomous type of reproduction, while the artificial womb presented in the movie the Matrix illustrates a non assisted hypothetical technology. The idea of artificial reproduction has led to various technologies.

Artificial insemination
Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse. It is a fertility treatment for humans, and is a common practice in animal breeding, including cattle (see frozen bovine semen) and pigs.

Artificial insemination may employ assisted reproductive technology, sperm donation and animal husbandry techniques. Artificial insemination techniques available include intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). Where gametes from a third party are used, the procedure may be known as 'assisted insemination'.
Epione repandaria
Epione repandaria, the bordered beauty, is a moth of the family Geometridae.

The species can be found in the Palearctic realm from western Europe, to Scandinavia in the north, the Mediterranean in the south, and east to the Caucasus, Russia and Russian Far East, Siberia, Ethiopia and Amur.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
The Backwater
The Backwater (共喰い, Tomogui; Cannibal) is a 2013 Japanese drama film directed by Shinji Aoyama, starring Masaki Suda. It is based on the Akutagawa Prize-winning novel by Shinya Tanaka and adapted by Haruhiko Arai. The film won the Best Director award from the Swiss critics' federation and the Best Film award from the Junior Jury's at the 2013 Locarno International Film Festival.

Akutagawa Prize
The Akutagawa Prize (芥川龍之介賞, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke Shō) is a Japanese literary award presented semi-annually. Because of its prestige and the considerable attention the winner receives from the media, it is, along with the Naoki Prize, one of Japan's most sought after literary prizes.
Oleg Gorobiy
Oleg Gorobiy (Russian: Олег Горобий), born 7 February 1971 in Voronezh, is a Russian canoe sprinter who competed from 1990 to 2003. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the K-4 1000 m event at Atlanta in 1996.

Gorobiy won thirteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with seven golds (K-4 200 m: 1994, 1997; K-4 500 m: 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995; K-4 1000 m: 1994), a silver (K-4 200 m: 1995), and five bronzes (K-4 200 m: 1999, K-4 500 m: 1991, 2003; K-4 1000 m: 1993, 2001).

In 2004 he joined the national Dragon boat squad as a helmsman, winning four gold medals at the 2004 European championships at Stockton-on-Tees, England.

Height: 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in), race weight: 94 kg (207 lb).

1991 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1991 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Paris, France from 21 to 25 August 1991.

The men's competition consisted of eight Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Five events were held for the women, all in kayak. This was the first championship with a unified German team for the first time since 1938 following separate East German and West German teams that competed from 1950 to 1990.

This was the 24th championships in canoe sprint.