hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Wheels of Chance (film)
The Wheels of Chance is a 1922 British silent comedy drama film directed by Harold M. Shaw and starring George K. Arthur, Olwen Roose and Gordon Parker. It was based on the 1896 novel The Wheels of Chance by H. G. Wells, and was mostly filmed at the locations in Hampshire and Sussex specified by Wells. The interiors were partly filmed in the hotels named in the novel, with a very few interiors taken at Stoll Pictures' Cricklewood plant. In addition, many of the film's titles are taken directly from Wells' text. This film was the second Wells adaptation Shaw directed with George K. Arthur in the principal role; the first was Kipps (1921).

Kipps
Kipps: The Story of a Simple Soul is a novel by H. G. Wells, first published in 1905. It was reportedly Wells's own favourite among his works, and it has been adapted for stage, cinema and television productions, including the musical Half a Sixpence.
2005 Lancashire County Council election
Elections to Lancashire County Council were held on 5 May 2005, on the same day as the 2005 general election.

Each single-member ward in Lancashire was modified by boundary changes. No elections were held in Blackpool or Blackburn as they are unitary authorities outside of the county boundaries.

Borough of Blackpool
The Borough of Blackpool is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Lancashire, North West England. It is named after the seaside town of Blackpool but covers a wider area which includes Anchorsholme, Bispham, Layton, Marton and Squires Gate, as well as the suburbs of Grange Park, North Shore, South Shore and Starr Gate. The borough also forms the core of the wider Blackpool conurbation.

The borough is bordered to the north and north-east by the Borough of Wyre (including Fleetwood, Cleveleys, Thornton and Poulton-le-Fylde), and to the south and south-east by Borough of Fylde (including Lytham St Annes), both of which are non-metropolitan districts in Lancashire. The western boundary is the Irish Sea coast. Surrounding districts form part of the Blackpool Urban Area which covers all the unitary authority area.
Galton Laboratory
The Galton Laboratory of National Eugenics was a laboratory established for the research of eugenics, later for the study of biometry and statistics, and eventually human genetics, based at University College London (UCL) in London, England. Reflective of his focus on quantitative analysis that led to statistical heredity and eugenics. In the early 1900s, biometricians such as Karl Pearson and Mendelians like William Bateson were inspired by his work. In 1904, he launched his eugenics campaign at the Sociological Society, founded by Patrick Geddes and others. This was a step towards making eugenics a national social scientific program. The laboratory existed in name until 2020.

Alice Lee (mathematician)
Alice Lee (1858–1939) was a British statistician and mathematician, one of the first women to graduate from London University. She was awarded a PhD in 1901. She worked with Karl Pearson from 1892. She was notable for demonstrating that the correlation between cranial capacity and gender was not a sign of greater intelligence in men compared to women.
Dollis Hill House
Dollis Hill House was an early 19th-century house also known as Dollis Hill Villa in today's north London suburb of Dollis Hill. Most of its gardens, south, form Gladstone Park and its owners were the freeholders of the farm estate, north, Dollis Hill Farm which together occupied the eminence, known as Dollis Hill, along with part of Willesden Paddocks in the parish of that name. Guests such as William Ewart Gladstone and Mark Twain were entertained there. The house became derelict after successive fire damage in 1995, 1996 and 2011, the last of which being the basement. As such the building was demolished in 2012 but a performance centre sits on its footprint. Dollis Hill House was an initial-class (Grade II) listed building and reached grade A on the English Heritage Buildings at Risk Register.

Heritage at Risk Register
An annual Heritage at Risk Register is published by Historic England. The survey is used by national and local government, a wide range of individuals and heritage groups to establish the extent of risk and to help assess priorities for action and funding decisions. This heritage-at-risk data is one of the UK government's official statistics.

Heritage at risk is term for cultural heritage assets that are at risk as a result of neglect, decay, or inappropriate development; or are vulnerable to becoming so.
Mihaela Neacșu
Mihaela Silvia Neacşu (born 3 May 1979 in Craiova) is a Romanian middle distance runner. She is a national indoor champion for the 800 metres, and outdoor for the 1500 metres. She set a personal best time of 1:59.78 by winning the gold medal for the 800 metres at the second meet of IAAF Golden Grand Prix in Thessaloniki, Greece.

At age twenty-nine, Neacsu made her official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in the women's 800 metres. She ran in the fifth and final heat of the event, against six other athletes, including Morocco's Hasna Benhassi, who eventually won the bronze medal in the final. She finished the race in sixth place by nearly two seconds behind U.S. middle distance runner Hazel Clark-Riley, with a time of 2:03.03. Neacsu, however, failed to advance into the semi-finals, as she placed twenty-eighth overall, and was ranked farther below three mandatory slots for the next round.

Craiova
Craiova (/krəˈjoʊvə/, also US: /kraɪˈoʊvə, krɑːˈjɔːvɑː, krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/, Romanian: [kraˈjova] ⓘ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia.

It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.
John Cunningham (Australian politician)
John Cunningham (28 December 1867 – 30 October 1949) was an Australian farmer and politician who was a Country Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1914 to 1917, representing the seat of Greenough.

Cunningham was born in Northampton, Western Australia, to Mary (née Lenahan) and Timothy Cunningham. He farmed in the area and was prominent in local agricultural circles, also serving on the Northampton Road Board. Cunningham entered parliament at the 1914 state election, replacing the retiring John Nanson. He was defeated at the 1917 election by Henry Maley, another endorsed Country candidate, and failed to even make the final two-candidate-preferred count. After leaving politics, Cunningham returned to farming. He died in Geraldton in October 1949, aged 81, and was unmarried.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Johann Baptist Singenberger
Johann Baptist Singenberger (John Singenberger) (25 May 1848 – 29 May 1924) was a Swiss composer, music teacher, editor and publisher. Much of his output was devoted to Catholic liturgical music. He was reckoned to have taught over 1,000 musicians in his lifetime. In 1873 Singenberger founded the American St. Cecilia Society, an organization belonging to the Cecilian movement which sought to revive the spirit of the masses and motets of Palestrina. Singenberger was also a professor of music at the Catholic Normal School in St. Francis, Wisconsin.

Pope Leo XIII knighted Singenberger, conferring upon him the order of St. Gregory the Great.

Liturgical music
Liturgical music originated as a part of religious ceremony, and includes a number of traditions, both ancient and modern. Liturgical music is well known as a part of Catholic Mass, the Anglican Holy Communion service (or Eucharist) and Evensong, the Lutheran Divine Service, the Orthodox liturgy, and other Christian services, including the Divine Office.

The qualities that create the distinctive character of liturgical music are based on the notion that liturgical music is conceived and composed according to the norms and needs of the various historic liturgies of particular denominations.
Siege of Alençon
The siege of Alençon occurred in the town of Alençon, in present-day France, in the year 1047. It was fought between William the Conqueror, duke of the Duchy of Normandy, and Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou and his supporters.

The battle started over the Count of Anjou claiming the semi-autonomous region of Maine, which was a contested border territory between Normandy and Anjou. Supporters of the Count of Anjou seized Alençon and another fortress at Domfront. During their occupation of the town, the rebels hung animal hides, a reference to his mother being the daughter of a tanner. In response to this, after the surrender of Alençon, William had the rebels' hands and feet cut off so as to defend his mother's honor. This victory made William the undisputed Duke of Normandy.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
The Great Belzoni
The Great Belzoni is an 1824 portrait painting by the Dutch artist Jan Adam Kruseman. It depicts Giovanni Belzoni, the Italian archaeologist and explorer of Ancient Egyptian locations. Belzoni was noted for his height and strength.

In  December 1823 Belzoni died from dysentery while on an expedition to West Africa, so the finished work was posthumous. Today the painting is in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, having been acquired in 2018.

Fitzwilliam Museum
The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge. It is located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge. It was founded in 1816 under the will of Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745–1816), and comprises one of the best collections of antiquities and modern art in western Europe. With over half a million objects and artworks in its collections, the displays in the museum explore world history and art from antiquity to the present. The treasures of the museum include artworks by Monet, Picasso, Rubens, Vincent van Gogh, Renoir, Rembrandt, Cézanne, Van Dyck, and Canaletto, as well as a winged bas-relief from Nimrud. Admission to the public is always free.

The museum is a partner in the University of Cambridge Museums consortium, one of 16 Major Partner Museum services funded by Arts Council England to lead the development of the museums sector.
Pablo Feijoo
Pablo Feijoo Ugalde (born 18 May 1982) is a Spanish rugby sevens former player and coach.

He played in the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Russia.
He was in the squad that secured the last Olympic spot when they defeated Samoa 7s in Monaco. He was selected for the Spanish national rugby sevens team for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Feijoo retired from international play after the 2016 Olympics.

Feijoo was head coach of the Spain national rugby sevens team from 2016 to 2022.

2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens
The 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens was the sixth edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens. The tournament was held at Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia. 
New Zealand  won the tournament, defeating England 33–0 in the final. Attendance for the tournament was poor, with matches played in mostly empty stadiums.

World Rugby, then known as the International Rugby Board (IRB), initially stated that the Rugby World Cup Sevens would be scrapped if rugby sevens were to be included in the Olympic programme for the 2016 Summer Olympics. As the International Olympic Committee voted for the sport's inclusion, this was thought likely to be the last edition of the tournament. However, the IRB clarified that in June 2013, the tournament would be retained and held quadrennially from 2018.
Paul Aars
Paul Charles Aars (June 4, 1934 – January 23, 2002) was an American stock car driver. He was born on June 4, 1934, and lived in San Mateo, California.

Aars made one start in the premier division of NASCAR, which was then known as the Grand National Series. On June 1, 1958, he was among the 46 drivers to race in the Crown American 500 at Riverside International Raceway in Riverside, California.

He started the 500-mile race in 45th place in a '56 Ford. He finished in 10th place, although he was 32 laps behind the winner of the 190 lap race. The race was won by Eddie Gray who earned $3,225 in winnings. Aars himself only received $200. He finished 67th in points that year. He died from natural causes when he was 67 years old.  He was survived by his wife Anita Aars.

Riverside International Raceway
Riverside International Raceway (sometimes known as Riverside, RIR, or Riverside Raceway) was a motorsports race track and road course established in the Edgemont area of Riverside County, California, just east of the city limits of Riverside and 50 mi (80 km) east of Los Angeles, in 1957. In 1984, the raceway became part of the newly incorporated city of Moreno Valley. Riverside was noted for its hot, dusty environment, which was a dangerous challenge for drivers. It was also considered one of the finest tracks in the United States. The track was in operation from September 22, 1957, to July 2, 1989, with the last race, The Budweiser 400, won by Rusty Wallace, held in 1988. After that final race, a shortened version of the circuit was kept open for car clubs and special events until 1989.
Eric Drysdale
Eric Drysdale (born March 20, 1969) is a writer for The Colbert Report, The Daily Show, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, and Full Frontal with Samantha Bee. He has been nominated for twenty-one Emmys and won ten. In addition to TV writing, Drysdale has written and produced live shows at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre, and also performs stand-up.

Premium Blend
Premium Blend was a stand-up comedy series created and directed by Paul Miller that aired on the American cable television channel Comedy Central from 1997 to 2005. In 2005, the show was changed and now known as "Live at Gotham".

The show was born out of Comedy Central's attempts to find new comedy stars. These "attempts" were $1,000 to $10,000 productions that allowed unnoticed comedians to share their material. Premium Blend acted as a showcase where most of the material and bits were shown.
Kudlovice
Kudlovice is a municipality and village in Uherské Hradiště District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

Kudlovice lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Uherské Hradiště, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Zlín, and 243 km (151 mi) south-east of Prague.

Uherské Hradiště
Uherské Hradiště (Czech pronunciation: [ˈuɦɛrskɛː ˈɦraɟɪʃcɛ]; German: Ungarisch Hradisch) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 25,000 inhabitants. The agglomeration with the two neighbouring towns of Staré Město and Kunovice has over 37,000 inhabitants.

The town is the centre of the cultural region of Moravian Slovakia. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
New Zealand Globster
A whale carcass, initially unidentified due to decomposition, was found washed ashore at Muriwai Beach, 42 kilometres from the centre of Auckland in New Zealand, in March 1965. At some point in time it was dubbed a "globster", after the Tasmanian Globster, a whale carcass found in Australia a few years earlier.

Muriwai
Muriwai, also called Muriwai Beach, is a coastal community on the west coast of the Auckland Region in the North Island of New Zealand. The black-sand surf beach and surrounding area is a popular recreational area for Aucklanders. The Muriwai Regional Park includes a nesting site for a large colony of gannets.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "water's end" for Muriwai.
Endumeni Local Municipality
Endumeni Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Endumeni) is a local municipality within the Umzinyathi District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Endumeni is an isiZulu word meaning "a place of thunderstorm". The municipality shares its name with the Endumeni hill.

Local municipality (South Africa)
In South Africa, a local municipality (Tswana: mmasepalaselegae; Sotho: masepala wa lehae; Northern Sotho: mmasepala wa selegae; Afrikaans: plaaslike munisipaliteit; Zulu: umasipala wendawo; Southern Ndebele: umasipaladi wendawo; Xhosa: umasipala wengingqi; Swazi: masipaladi wasekhaya; Venda: masipalawapo; Tsonga: masipala wa muganga) or Category B municipality is a type of municipality that serves as the third, and most local, tier of local government. Each district municipality is divided into a number of local municipalities, and responsibility for municipal affairs is divided between the district and local municipalities. There are 205 local municipalities in South Africa.

A local municipality may include rural areas as well as one or more towns or small cities. In larger urban areas there are no district or local municipalities, and a metropolitan municipality is responsible for all municipal affairs.
Glen "Archie" Gamble
Glen "Archie" Gamble is a drummer from London, Ontario, Canada and is best known for his tenure in Helix. He has played with some classic rock bands, both as a side-man and in an opening capacity:  Kiss, Alice Cooper, Vince Neil, Paul Rodgers, Robert Plant, as well as some younger bands: Sum 41, KAOS, The Trews, Finger 11 and more.

Paul Rodgers
Paul Bernard Rodgers (born 17 December 1949) is an English singer. He was the lead vocalist of numerous successful rock bands, including Free, Bad Company, the Firm and the Law. He also has performed as a solo artist and collaborated with the remaining active members of Queen under the name Queen + Paul Rodgers, from 2004 to 2009. A poll in Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 55 on its list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". In 2011, Rodgers received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.

Rodgers has been cited as a significant influence on various rock singers. In 1991, John Mellencamp called Rodgers "the best rock singer ever". Freddie Mercury in particular liked Rodgers and his aggressive style. Rodgers holds joint citizenship, after becoming a Canadian citizen in 2011.

in 2025, Rodgers was inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Bad Company.
Notre-Dame-des-Pins
Notre-Dame-des-Pins (French pronunciation: [nɔtʁə dam de pɛ̃]) is a parish municipality in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population is 1,812 as of the Canada 2021 Census.

Notre-Dame-des-Pins is known for its covered bridge crossing the Chaudière River. Built in 1928 and opened in 1929, it is 146 m long. It is the longest of its kind in Quebec and the second longest in Canada.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
Thomas Wilson (cricketer, born 1849)
Thomas Ward Wilson (1 April 1849 – 4 January 1924) was an English first-class cricketer active 1869–1871 who played for Cambridge University. He was born in Nocton and died in Broadstone, Dorset. He appeared in eight first-class matches as a right-handed batsman who bowled fast or medium pace roundarm. Wilson scored 171 career runs with a highest score of 50; he held one catch and took 17 wickets with a best return of five for 25.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
Indirect liability
Indirect liability refers to legal liability imposed on an entity which is facilitating an infringement of another's rights, particularly of intellectual property rights, but not accruing benefit (or loss) from the infringement. Indirect liability can be imposed on the facilitator if it is economically efficient. One reason it can be efficient is that a facilitator might be in best position to stop the infringement. This is relevant and often talked about in context of content holders vs Internet service providers or other media manufacturers lawsuits.

Economic efficiency
In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts:

Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another.

Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost.

These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively efficient. There are also other definitions and measures. All characterizations of economic efficiency are encompassed by the more general engineering concept that a system is efficient or optimal when it maximizes desired outputs (such as utility) given available inputs.
Shuldham Peard
Shuldham Peard (1761 – 27 December 1832) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He rose to the rank of vice-admiral after seeing service in the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.  He was the father of John Whitehead Peard, who was known as 'Garibaldi's Englishman'.

Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)
A vice-admiral (VAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy and equates to the NATO rank code OF-8. It is immediately superior to the rear admiral rank and is subordinate to the full admiral rank.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is lieutenant-general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air marshal.