hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bettles Lodge
Bettles Lodge, located a few miles from Bettles, Alaska on the south bank of the Koyukuk River in the Brooks Range, was built in 1951 by Warren Killen and Wilfred Evans. It has served as a hotel and restaurant and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The listing included two contributing buildings: a first lodge built in 1948 and a second built in 1951. The lodge buildings are significant because it is the oldest (and first) in the community, and it served as an air transportation hub for the northern interior area of Alaska.

It is about 25 miles (40 km) north of the Arctic Circle, just south of the Brooks Range.

Bettles, Alaska
Bettles (Kk’odlel T’odegheelenh Denh in Koyukon; Atchiiniq in Iñupiaq) is a city in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is near Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. The population was 23 at the 2020 census, up from 12 in 2010. It is the second smallest incorporated city in the state.
The Friday Rock Show Sessions
The Friday Rock Show Sessions is a 1992 live album release of Hawkwind's headline set at the Reading Festival, 24 August 1986.

The set was recorded by the BBC and transmitted soon after on Tommy Vance's Friday Rock Show. The broadcast excluded performances of "Paradox", "Shade Gate", "Choose Your Masks" and "Moonglum". This album was released as per the broadcast.

Friday Rock Show
The Friday Rock Show was a radio show in the United Kingdom that was broadcast on BBC Radio 1 from 10pm to midnight on Friday nights, from 17 November 1978 until 2 April 1993. For most of its existence, it was hosted by Tommy Vance.

Vance also hosted a television version for satellite channel VH1 in the 1990s. This series was axed in March 2002.
Henderson Adams
Henderson Adams was an American politician. He was a state senator who also served as Auditor of North Carolina from 1868 until 1873. Serving during the Reconstruction era, he was a Republican.

He was a peace and convention advocate who was also reputed to have been a possible founder of the Heroes of America group.

An act of the U.S. Congress relieved Adams of "disabilities" resulting from his role in serving the Confederacy during the American Civil War. He was elected to the state senate from Davidson County, North Carolina, in 1862.

Davidson County, North Carolina
Davidson County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 168,930. Its county seat is Lexington, and its largest community is Thomasville. Davidson County is included in the Winston-Salem, NC metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC combined statistical area. Parts of Davidson County are in the Yadkin Valley AVA.
Cognitive architecture
A cognitive architecture is both a theory about the structure of the human mind and a computational instantiation of such a theory used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational cognitive science. These formalized models can be used to further refine comprehensive theories of cognition and serve as the frameworks for useful artificial intelligence programs. Successful cognitive architectures include ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational) and SOAR. 
The research on cognitive architectures as software instantiation of cognitive theories was initiated by Allen Newell in 1990.

A theory for a cognitive architecture is an "hypothesis about the fixed structures that provide a mind, whether in natural or artificial systems, and how they work together — in conjunction with knowledge and skills embodied within the architecture — to yield intelligent behavior in a diversity of complex environments."

Model
A model is an informative representation of an object, person, or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin modulus, 'a measure'.

Models can be divided into physical models (e.g. a ship model) and abstract models (e.g. a set of mathematical equations describing the workings of the atmosphere for the purpose of weather forecasting). Abstract or conceptual models are central to philosophy of science.

In scholarly research and applied science, a model should not be confused with a theory: while a model seeks only to represent reality with the purpose of better understanding or predicting the world, a theory is more ambitious in that it claims to be an explanation of reality.
Ortnek Castle
Ortnek Castle (Slovene: Ortneški grad; also known as the Old Castle (Stari grad)) is a 12th-century castle ruin in the vicinity of the town of Ribnica, Slovenia. The ruin stands on Big Žrnovec Hill (Veliki Žrnovec), near the village of Hudi Konec.

Ribnica, Ribnica
Ribnica (pronounced [ˈɾíːbnitsa] ⓘ; German: Reifnitz) is a town in the Municipality of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. It is the seat of the municipality. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Loon Lake (Warren County, New York)
Loon Lake is a wishbone-shaped body of water in Warren County, New York, USA. It is located within the Town of Chester, which maintains the beach. Fishing and boating are popular activities. Common fish species within the lake include pumpkinseed sunfish, walleye, rock bass, tiger muskie, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, northern pike, bluegill, common rudd and brown bullhead. The lake has its own marina, where boats may be launched and docked for a fee. It is possible to rent speedboats, pontoon boats, canoes and paddle boards. The marina has its own bait and tackle/quick mart. It is open from May to September. The marina is located off the lakes main road, Marina Road.

Common rudd
The common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) is a bentho-pelagic freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. This species is widely spread in Europe and central Asia, around the basins of the North, Baltic, Black, Caspian and Aral seas.
Juaboso-Bia District
Juaboso-Bia District is a former district that was located in Western Region (now currently at Western North Region), Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which was created from the former Sefwi-Bibiani District Council. However, in August 2004, it was split off into two new districts: Juaboso-Bodi District (capital: Juaboso) and Bia District (capital: Sefwi Essam). The district assembly was located in the northwest part of Western Region and had Juaboso as its capital town.

Western North Region
The Western North region is one of the six new regions of Ghana created in 2019. The region is bounded by the Ivory Coast (Comoé District) on the west, the Central region in the southeast, and the Ashanti, Ahafo, Bono East and Bono regions in the north. The Western North region has the highest rainfall in Ghana, lush green hills, and fertile soils. There are numerous small and large-scale gold mines companies in the region. The ethnic culture of the region is dominated by the Sefwis. The main languages spoken are Sefwi, Akan, French and English.
Patrick Shaw (politician)
Patrick Walter Shaw (15 February 1872 – 14 September 1940) was an Irish politician and businessman. He owned several premises in Mullingar (and a number of racehorses) and sat on a number of public bodies, including Mullingar Town Commissioners and Westmeath County Council.

He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Longford–Westmeath constituency at the 1923 general election. He was re-elected at each subsequent election until he retired from politics at the 1933 general election.

He was married to Mary Galligan, and they had six children; four sons and two daughters. One of his sons was Francis Shaw, a Jesuit priest, Celtic scholar and historian.

Longford–Westmeath
Longford–Westmeath is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects five deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). It contains all of County Longford and County Westmeath.
Jack Daly (hurler)
John Daly (born 1889) was an Irish hurler who played for the Laois senior team.

Daly was a regular member of the starting fifteen during the successful 1915 championship campaign. That year he won one All-Ireland medal and one Leinster medal.

At club level Daly enjoyed a lengthy career, playing with Rathdowney.

Laois GAA
The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Laois) or Laois GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Laois. The county board is also responsible for the Laois county teams.

The county football team contested the second ever All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) final in 1889. In 1926, the county won the final of the first National Football League competition, defeating Dublin. 1936 brought the team's only other appearance in an All-Ireland SFC decider.

The county hurling team won an All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) in 1915.
European Parliamentary and Local Elections (Pilots) Act 2004
The European Parliamentary and Local Elections (Pilots) Act 2004 is in Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (c. 2).

The Act allowed an all-postal ballot to be piloted in four regions of the United Kingdom: North East, the East Midlands, Yorkshire and the Humber and the North West, at the local and European Parliament elections.

The legislation was supported by the Local Government Association.

East Midlands
The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England. It comprises the eastern half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. It consists of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire (except for North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire), Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, and Rutland. The region has a land area of 15,623 km2 (6,032 sq mi), with an estimated population 5,063,164 in 2024. With a sufficiency-level world city ranking, Nottingham is the only settlement in the region to be classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.

The main cities in the region are Derby, Leicester, Lincoln and Nottingham. The largest towns in these counties are Boston, Chesterfield, Coalville, Corby, Glossop, Grantham, Kettering, Loughborough, Newark-on-Trent, Northampton, Mansfield, Oakham, Swadlincote and Wellingborough.
Jean-Marie Léonard
Jean-Marie Léonard (14 July 1943 – 9 August 2021) was a Belgian politician. A member of the Socialist Party (PS), he served in the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium from 1990 to 1995 and the Parliament of Wallonia from 1990 to 2004.

Léonard graduated from École normale and became a primary schoolteacher. He was President of the Union Socialiste Communale de Flémalle and served in the cabinets of Minister-Presidents Jean-Maurice Dehousse and Yvan Ylieff.

His son, Laurent, served in the Parliament of Wallonia and the Parliament of the French Community.

Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
The Chamber of Representatives (Dutch: Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers; French: Chambre des représentants; German: Abgeordnetenkammer) is one of the two chambers in the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Senate. It is considered to be the "lower house" of the Federal Parliament.
Damalie Nakanjako
Damalie Nakanjako, (born 1974) is a Ugandan specialist physician, internist, immunologist, infectious diseases consultant, academic and researcher, who serves as the Principal and Professor of Medicine at Makerere University College of Health Sciences. Immediately prior to her present position, she served as Dean of Makerere University School of Medicine, from 2019 until 17 February 2021.

Makerere University College of Health Sciences
Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS)  is a constituent college of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest university. The schools of the college offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the biomedical sciences, health sciences, human medicine and public health, covering a broad range of disciplines and specialties.
Tomato seed oil
Tomato seed oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of tomatoes.

The possibility of extracting oil from tomato seeds was studied in the United States in 1915.  Seeds were obtained from a variety of locations and bred and pressed to produce oil.  This was refined using an alkali and then clarified with fuller's earth.  The resulting oil was pale yellow and considered suitable for dressing salads.

The seeds have been given renewed attention as there is pressure to utilise the waste products of tomato processing, in which seeds are the largest component.  In Greece, over a million tons of tomatoes are processed each year and the resulting quantity of seeds might be used to produce up to 2000 tons of oil.  The oil from Greek seeds has been extracted by using ether as a solvent.  When analysed, it was found to contain a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid.

Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (/ˈælkəlaɪ/ ⓘ; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القالِي) is a basic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases.
1998 PGA Championship
The 1998 PGA Championship was the 80th PGA Championship, held August 13–16 at Sahalee Country Club in Redmond, Washington, a suburb east of Seattle. Vijay Singh won the first of his three major championships, two strokes ahead of runner-up Steve Stricker.

This was only the tenth time the championship was played in the western half of the United States;  the next was 22 years later at TPC Harding Park in San Francisco. It was the third major championship held in the Pacific Northwest, all PGA Championships. The previous two were match play events, held in Spokane in 1944 and Portland in 1946.

Sahalee was scheduled to host again in 2010, but the PGA of America reversed its decision in early 2005 and moved it to Whistling Straits in Wisconsin.

TPC Harding Park
TPC Harding Park, formerly Harding Park Golf Club and commonly known as Harding Park, is a municipal golf course located on the West Side of San Francisco, California. It is owned by the city and county of San Francisco.

It is now a part of the PGA Tour's Tournament Players Club (TPC) network of courses, following an agreement between the tour and the city that was announced on November 3, 2010. It is located in the southwest area of San Francisco, on the west side of San Francisco State University, and surrounded by Lake Merced on its other three sides. The entrance is at Harding Road, which connects to Skyline Boulevard on the east.
Early Recordings (Quasi album)
Early Recordings is a compilation album by the American indie band Quasi. It was released on March 29, 1996, on Key Op Records, and re-released on August 21, 2001, on Touch and Go Records. It includes songs previously released on the band's self-titled, self-released cassette, as well as previously unreleased recordings. Quasi produced and mixed the majority of the album themselves, with mastering done by Tony Lash.

Touch and Go Records
Touch and Go Records is an American independent record label based in Chicago, Illinois. After its genesis as a handmade fanzine in 1979, it grew into one of the key record labels in the American 1980s underground and alternative rock scenes. Touch and Go carved out a reputation for releasing adventurous noise rock by the likes of Big Black, the Butthole Surfers, and The Jesus Lizard. Touch and Go helped to spearhead the nationwide network of underground bands that formed the pre-Nirvana indie rock scene, and helped preside over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock emerging at the time.
India pale ale
India pale ale (IPA) is a hoppy beer style within the broader category of pale ale.

IPA originated in the United Kingdom, to be exported to India, which was under the control of the British East India Company until 1858. The higher hop content of IPA acted as a natural preservative, preventing it from spoiling during the long shipping voyage.

IPA declined in popularity in the late 19th and mid 20th centuries. Since the 1970s, it has regained significant popularity, being associated with homebrewer and craft beer.

Company rule in India
Company rule in India (sometimes also Company Raj, from Hindi rāj, lit. 'rule') was the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated and replaced with Mir Jafar, who had the support of the East India Company; or in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company abolished local rule (Nizamat) in Bengal and established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General of Fort William, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.

The Company's rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Government of India Act 1858, the India Office of the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj.
Studierendenwerk Freiburg
The Studierendenwerk Freiburg (SWFR) (student administration of Freiburg) takes on the legal task of care and support of approximately 44,000 students in the higher education region of Freiburg. It is a member of the Germany's Studentenwerk, and currently it is the second largest student administration in Baden-Württemberg.

The Studierendenwerk is a public institution with about 350 employees. It currently operates 10 canteens, 7 cafeterias and the restaurant Haus zur Lieben Hand. It rents 17 student residences to students and it is active in the enforcement of Germany's Federal Training Assistant Act (Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz).

It operates a service portal to assist students finding student jobs, especially babysitting and private accommodation.

Studentenwerk
A Studentenwerk (plural: Studentenwerke) or Studierendenwerk is a state-run non-profit organization for student affairs in Germany. Each Studentenwerk is organized at the local level so that it covers one or more universities. The umbrella organization for the 58 local Studentenwerke is the German National Association for Student Affairs (Deutsches Studentenwerk – DSW), which was founded in 1921.

Studentenwerke provide public services for the economic, social, medical and cultural support for students enrolled at German universities. In particular, they run university cafeterias, dormitories, and provide the BAföG program to finance studies with grants and loans. The national association includes multiple stakeholders of German society and collaborates with other students' affairs organizations worldwide.
Muehlenbeckia astonii
Muehlenbeckia astonii, commonly known as the shrubby tororaro, is an endemic New Zealand shrub in the family Polygonaceae. It is found in both the North and the South Islands and has distinctive small heart-shaped deciduous leaves amidst a tangle of wiry interlocking branches. Although common in cultivation around the world, it is extremely rare and threatened in the wild. Its conservation status is "Nationally Endangered".

Te Papa
The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is New Zealand's national museum and is located in Wellington.  Usually known as Te Papa (Māori for 'the treasure box'), it opened in 1998 after the merging of the National Museum of New Zealand and the National Art Gallery. An average of more than 1.1 million people visit every year, making it the 58th-most-visited art gallery in the world in 2023. Te Papa operates under a bicultural philosophy, and emphasises the living stories behind its cultural treasures.
Minkowski's question-mark function
In mathematics, Minkowski's question-mark function, denoted ?(x), is a function with unusual fractal properties, defined by Hermann Minkowski in 1904. It maps quadratic irrational numbers to rational numbers on the unit interval, via an expression relating the continued fraction expansions of the quadratics to the binary expansions of the rationals, given by Arnaud Denjoy in 1938. It also maps rational numbers to dyadic rationals, as can be seen by a recursive definition closely related to the Stern–Brocot tree.

Periodic point
In mathematics, in the study of iterated functions and dynamical systems, a periodic point of a function is a point which the system returns to after a certain number of function iterations or a certain amount of time.
Gustav Berdel
Jakob Gustav Berdel (born 28 February 1872 in Neckarbischofsheim, died 13 February 1949 in Frankfurt) was a German veterinarian, who served as municipal chief veterinarian (städtischer Obertierarzt) in Frankfurt and managing director of the slaughterhouse in Frankfurt Municipality, at the time one of the largest and most modern in Europe. He was licensed as a veterinarian in 1898 and obtained a doctorate in veterinary medicine (Dr.med.vet.) from the Berlin Veterinary College in 1920. During the First World War, he was also a military veterinarian (captain of the Reserve) of the Reserve Field Artillery Regiment No. 21 staff. He received the honorary title Oberveterinärrat (senior veterinary councillor). He was also involved with several veterinary societies. He was a member of the Senckenberg Nature Research Society.

He was married to Hermine Bovensiepen, and they had one daughter, the pediatrician (Dr.med.) Erika Henriette Berdel (1919–1951).

Neckarbischofsheim
Neckarbischofsheim (German pronunciation: [ˌnɛkaʁˈbɪʃɔfshaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg,  Germany. It is situated 8 km northeast of Sinsheim, and 24 km southeast of Heidelberg.
Coleophora phlomidella
Coleophora phlomidella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in southern Russia and central Asia.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Phlomis pungens and Phlomis kopetdaghensis. Larvae can be found from autumn to June.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.