hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernard Magubane
Bernard Makhosezwe Magubane (26 August 1930–12 April 2013) was a South African academic and anti-apartheid activist. He taught at the University of Zambia from 1967 to 1970 and in the United States at the University of Connecticut for 27 years. Magubane contributed to South Africa's post-apartheid higher education landscape in his later years. Magubane was a trained sociologist who published seminal texts that continue to be referenced. He is the father of the academic Zine Magubane.

Magubane was the author of numerous highly cited academic publications exploring the relationships between imperialism, white-settler colonialism, and race and class in South Africa and the global system. He is an eminent scholar in the field of African Sociology. His PhD dissertation focused on African American Consciousness of Africa. This was the basis for his seminal work the award-winning book, The Ties That Bind published in 1987.

University of Zambia
The University of Zambia (UNZA) is Zambia's largest and oldest learning institution. The university was established in 1965 and officially opened to the public on 12 July 1966. The language of instruction is English.
2005 Cornwall County Council election
The 2005 Cornwall County Council election took place on 5 May 2005, concurrently with other local elections across England and Wales. It was the first election to take place under new ward boundaries, which increased the number of seats from 79 to 82. Cornwall County Council was a county council that covered the majority of the ceremonial county of Cornwall, with the exception of the Isles of Scilly which had an independent local authority. The Liberal Democrats gained control of the council, which had previously been under no overall control.

Authority
Authority is commonly understood as the legitimate power of a person or group over other people.
In a civil state, authority may be practiced by legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, each of which has authority and is an authority.
The term "authority" has multiple nuances and distinctions within various academic fields ranging from sociology to political science.

The term authority identifies the political legitimacy, which grants and justifies rulers' right to exercise the power of government; and the term power identifies the ability to accomplish an authorized goal, either by compliance or by obedience; hence, authority is the power to make decisions and the legitimacy to make such legal decisions and order their execution.
Anti-Aircraft Experimental Section
The Anti-Aircraft Experimental Section of the Munitions Inventions Department was an organisation set up within Lloyd George's Ministry of Munitions in early 1916. Originally based at Northholt aerodrome, in May 1916 the section moved to the National Physical Laboratory at Bushy House, Teddington before moving to HMS Excellent on Whale Island near Portsmouth in Hampshire in September 1916. The section was led by the physiologist A. V. Hill, who was previously a Captain in the Cambridgeshire Regiment. While on leave suffering from flu in January 1916, Horace Darwin approached him to work on anti-aircraft measures. Hill accepted and started to find the personnel for the unit, which acquired the nickname "Hill's Brigands".

Horace Darwin
Sir Horace Darwin, KBE FRS (13 May 1851 – 22 September 1928) was an English engineer specializing in the design and manufacture of precision scientific instruments.  He was a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Secret treaty
A secret treaty is a treaty (international agreement) in which the contracting state parties have agreed to conceal the treaty's existence or substance from other states and the public. Such a commitment to keep the agreement secret may be contained in the instrument itself or in a separate agreement.

According to one compilation of secret treaties published in 2004, there have been 593 secret treaties negotiated by 110 countries and independent political entities since the year 1521. Secret treaties were highly important in the balance of power diplomacy of 18th and 19th century Europe, but are rare today.

Secret treaties have been prevalent in authoritarian states where rulers use the treaties to suppress domestic opposition and unrest.

Legal instrument
Legal instrument is a legal term of art that is used for any formally executed written document that can be formally attributed to its author, records and formally expresses a legally enforceable act, process, or contractual duty, obligation, or right, and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement. Examples include a certificate, deed, bond, contract, will, legislative act, notarial act, court writ or process, or any law passed by a competent legislative body in domestic or international law. Many legal instruments were written under seal by affixing a wax or paper seal to the document in evidence of its legal execution and authenticity (which often removed the need for consideration in contract law). However, today, many jurisdictions have abolished the requirement for documents to be under seal in order for them to have legal effect.
Erkel (film)
Erkel is a 1952 Hungarian historical drama film directed by Márton Keleti and starring Sándor Pécsi, Éva Szörényi and Miklós Gábor. It is based on the life of the nineteenth century Hungarian composer Ferenc Erkel. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Zoltán Fábri. It was screened at the 1952 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.

Zoltán Fábri
Zoltán Fábri (15 October 1917 – 23 August 1994) was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter. His films The Boys of Paul Street (1969) and Hungarians (1978) were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. His 1965 film Twenty Hours shared the Grand Prix with War and Peace at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1969 film The Toth Family was entered into the 7th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1975 film 141 Minutes from the Unfinished Sentence was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival, where he won a Special Prize for Directing.
Cannatella's plump toad
The Cannatella's plump toad (Osornophryne talipes) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Camp Redwood (American Horror Story)
"Camp Redwood" is the first episode and season premiere of the ninth season of the anthology television series American Horror Story. It aired on September 18, 2019, on the cable network FX. The episode was written by Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk, and directed by Bradley Buecker.

Brad Falchuk
Bradley Douglas Falchuk (born March 1, 1971) is an American television writer, director, and producer. He is best known for co-creating the television series Glee, American Horror Story, Scream Queens, The Brothers Sun, and Pose with Ryan Murphy, as well as the 911 franchise with Murphy and Tim Minear. He was also a writer and executive producer for Nip/Tuck and is married to actress Gwyneth Paltrow. Recently he became the host of the TV show Famous Last Words where, as an interviewer, he has chats with famous and notorious celebrities right before their deaths.
Lagenidium giganteum forma caninum
Lagenidium giganteum forma caninum is a fungus-like organism that belongs to the genus Lagenidium. In some mammal species, it causes lagenidiosis, a disease characterized by progressive, severe, and invasive cutaneous, subcutaneous, and disseminated infection. Clinical and pathological aspects of the disease are almost identical to pythiosis. The first cases of lagenidiosis in mammals were officially reported in dogs in 2003. Since then, it has become increasingly recognized in dogs and cats as a cause of skin lesions.

Saprolegnia
Saprolegnia is a genus of water moulds often called cotton moulds because of the characteristic white or grey fibrous patches they form. Current taxonomy puts Saprolegnia as a genus of the heterokonts in the order Saprolegniales.
Malayalee House
Malayalee House was an Indian Malayalam TV reality show which aired on Surya TV. It was an adaptation of Big Brother. The first season started airing on 5 May 2013, and ended on 30 August 2013. Revathi was the host for the show.
Rahul Easwar was declared the winner of the first season, followed by Sindhu Joy as first runner up and Thinkal Bhal second runner up.

Revathi
Asha Kelunni (born 8 July 1966), better known by her stage name Revathi, is an Indian actress and director, known for her works predominantly in Tamil and Malayalam cinema - in addition to Telugu, Hindi and Kannada films.

She was one of the most successful leading actresses of South Indian cinema and has won several accolades, including three National Film Awards, and seven Filmfare Awards South. She also won the Kerala State Film Award for her performance in Bhoothakaalam (2022).
Fool, I'm a Woman
"Fool, I'm a Woman" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Sara Evans.  It was released in April 1999 as the third single from her album No Place That Far.  The song reached No. 32 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Evans wrote the song with Matraca Berg, and Martina McBride provides backing vocals.

Matraca Berg
Matraca Maria Berg Hanna (/məˈtreɪsə/; born February 3, 1964) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She has released five albums: three for RCA Records, one for Rising Tide Records and one for Dualtone Records, and has charted in the top 40 of the U.S. Billboard country chart with "Baby, Walk On" and "The Things You Left Undone," both at No. 36. Besides most of her own material, Berg has written hits for T.G. Sheppard, Karen Brooks, Trisha Yearwood, Deana Carter, Patty Loveless, Kenny Chesney and others. In 2008 she was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame and in 2018 she received the Poet's Award from the Academy of Country Music Awards. Since 1993 she has been married to Jeff Hanna of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band.
Easton Neston
Easton Neston is a civil parish and former village in south Northamptonshire, England, north-east of Towcester on the A43 road.

The village was inhabited until around 1500, while the rural parish now contains the hamlets of Hulcote and Showsley. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 88, and about 1,800 acres (730 ha) of mainly farmland and woods.

The village's name means 'Eadstan's farm/settlement' or 'Aethelstan's farm/settlement'.

A43 road
The A43 is a primary route in the English Midlands and northern South East England, that runs from the M40 motorway near Ardley in Oxfordshire to Stamford in Lincolnshire. Through Northamptonshire it bypasses the towns of Northampton, Kettering and Corby which are the three principal destinations on the A43 route. The A43 also links to the M1 motorway.

The section of the road between the M40 and M1 is designated a trunk road, managed and maintained by National Highways.  The remainder of the route is the responsibility of local authorities.
Sarrameana paradoxa
Sarrameana paradoxa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Sarrameanaceae, and is the type species of the genus Sarrameana, a small group of corticolous lichens from cool-temperate forests of the southern hemisphere. The species forms a thin white film on bark and produces abundant black disc-like fruiting bodies with glossy margins. It is characterised by unusually long, narrow ascospores that taper at each end into hair-like tails and are often coiled inside the spore sacs. Originally described from New Caledonia, the species is now considered by some authorities to be the same as the earlier-named Sarrameana albidoplumbea from New Zealand, though this treatment remains disputed.

Paraphyses
Paraphyses are erect sterile filament-like support structures occurring among the reproductive apparatuses of fungi, ferns, bryophytes and some thallophytes.  The singular form of the word is paraphysis.

In certain fungi, they are part of the fertile spore-bearing layer. More specifically, paraphyses are sterile filamentous hyphal end cells composing part of the hymenium of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota interspersed among either the asci or basidia respectively, and not sufficiently differentiated to be called cystidia, which are specialized, swollen, often protruding cells.  The tips of paraphyses may contain the pigments which colour the hymenium.

In ferns and mosses, they are filament-like structures that are found on sporangia. They are found between clusters of archegonia and antheridia.
Angola Air Charter
Angola Air Charter is a charter airline based in Luanda, Angola. It operates cargo charters in Africa. Its main base is Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, Luanda. It is banned in the EU airspace as well as most other Angolan airlines.

Quatro de Fevereiro Airport
Quatro de Fevereiro International Airport (Portuguese: Aeroporto Internacional 4 de Fevereiro), (IATA: LAD, ICAO: FNLU) is one of two international airports of Angola. It is located in the southern part of the capital Luanda, situated in the Luanda Province. Quatro de Fevereiro means 4 February, which is an important national holiday in Angola, marking the start of the armed struggle against the Portuguese colonial regime on 4 February 1961. In 2018, about 5.6 million passengers were handled.

Starting 2024, the airport will be replaced by the new Dr. Antonio Agostinho Neto International Airport.
Spiegelman
Spi(e)gelman(n) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Art Spiegelman (born 1948), American comics artist

Bruce M. Spiegelman

Donna Spiegelman

James Spigelman (born 1946), Chief Justice of New South Wales

Jeffrey Spiegelman, American politician

Joel Spiegelman (1933–2023), American composer

Mortimer Spiegelman (1901–1969), American statistician

Nadja Spiegelman (born 1987), American writer

Peter Spiegelman

Sol Spiegelman (1914–1983), American microbiologist

Vladek Spiegelman, father of Art Spiegelman and subject of his graphic novel Maus

Peter Spiegelman
Peter Spiegelman (born 1958) is an American crime fiction author and former Wall Street executive. He is most known for his series of books following the cases of the Manhattan-based private eye, John March, winning a Shamus Award for the first novel in the series. He lives with his family in Connecticut.
StAR (album)
StAR is an album by Norwegian saxophonist Jan Garbarek recorded in January 1991 and released on the ECM October later that year. The trio features Miroslav Vitouš—who wrote most of the album—and Peter Erskine.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
East Bay Innovation Academy
The East Bay Innovation Academy, or EBIA for short,  is a public charter middle school and a high school in Oakland, California within the Oakland Unified School District. The school was founded on October 24, 2013, and opened on August 10, 2014, by Rochelle Benning and Laurie Jones. It is notable for merging progressive ideals like project-based learning with schooling.

Project-based learning
Project-based learning is a teaching method that involves a dynamic classroom approach in which it is believed that students acquire a deeper knowledge through active exploration of real-world challenges and problems.  Students learn about a subject by working for an extended period of time to investigate and respond to a complex question, challenge, or problem.  It is a style of active learning and inquiry-based learning. Project-based learning  contrasts with paper-based, rote memorization, or teacher-led instruction that presents established facts or portrays a smooth path to knowledge by instead posing questions, problems, or scenarios.
Canton of Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer
The canton of Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer (French: Canton de Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer) is a canton (an administrative division) of the Var department in Southeastern France. Its seat is Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer. It was created at the canton reorganisation that came into effect in March 2015. Since then it elects two members of the Departmental Council of Var.

Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer
Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ siʁ syʁ mɛʁ], lit. "Saint-Cyr-on-Sea"; Provençal Occitan: Sant Ceri) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is located on the Mediterranean coast, on the departmental border with Bouches-du-Rhône.

Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer neighbours the communes of La Ciotat to the west, Bandol to the east and La Cadière-d'Azur to the north. In addition to the urban centre of Saint-Cyr itself, the commune includes the communities of Les Lecques, a port and beach resort, as well as La Madrague, a small port. The town square of Saint-Cyr contains a replica of the Statue of Liberty donated by Frédéric Bartholdi, sculptor of the original.
Ethnic groups in East Asia
East Asian people (also East Asians) comprise a wide variety of ethnic groups from East Asia, which includes China, Japan, Mongolia,  North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. The total population of all countries within this region is estimated to be 1.677 billion and 21% of the world's population in 2020. However, large East Asian diasporas, such as the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian diasporas, and Taiwanese, as well as diasporas of other East Asian ethnic groups, mean that the 1.677 billion does not necessarily represent an accurate figure for the number of East Asian people worldwide.

The major ethnic groups that form the core of traditional East Asia are the Han Chinese, Koreans, and Yamato. Other ethnic groups of East Asia include the Ainu, Bai, Daur, Manchus, Mongols, Qiang, Ryukyuans, and Tibetans.

Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese people or the Chinese diaspora are a diaspora people of Chinese origin who reside outside Greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan). As of 2011, there were over 40.3 million overseas Chinese. As of 2023, there were 10.5 million people living outside mainland China who were born in mainland China, corresponding to 0.7 percent of China's population. Overall, China has a low percent of its population living overseas.
Oluwagbemiro Fabuluje
Oluwagbemiro Fabuluje is the Anglican Bishop of Oke-Osun in Ibadan Province of the Church of Nigeria.

He was elected as Bishop in January 2021.

His father Jeremiah Fabuluje, who died in 2008, was Bishop of Kwara.

Fabuluje graduated from Obafemi Awolowo University in 1995 and from Immanuel College, Ibadan in 1997. He was made a deacon in December 1999, at the Cathedral of All Saints, Balogun Agoro, Osogbo. He had been Archdeacon of the Osun Diocese before becoming bishop.

Osogbo
Osogbo // ⓘ (also known as Oṣogbo, and seldomly as Oshogbo) is a city in Nigeria. It became the capital city of Osun State in 1991. Osogbo city seats the Headquarters of both Osogbo Local Government Area (situated at Oke-Baale Area of the city) and Olorunda Local Government Area (situated at Igbonna Area of the city). It is some 88 kilometers by road northeast of Ibadan. It is also 108 kilometres (67 mi) by road south of Ilorin (capital and largest city of Kwara State) and 108 kilometres (67 mi) northwest of Akure. Osogbo shares boundaries with Ikirun, Ilesa, Ede, Egbedore, Ogbomosho and Iragbiji and it is easily accessible from any part of the state because of its central nature. It is about 48 km from Ife, 32 km from Ilesa, 46 km from Iwo, 48 km from Ikire and 46 km from Ila-Orangun; the city had a population of about 200,000  people and an approximate land area of 126 km. The postal code of the area is 230. The current chairman of the council is Onibonokuta Saheed M.
Ocellularia rhicnoporoides
Ocellularia rhicnoporoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in south-eastern Thailand, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by lichenologists Natsurang Homchantara and Brian J. Coppins. The type specimen was collected by the first author in Namtok Phlio National Park (Chanthaburi Province). The lichen has a somewhat shiny, smooth, olivaceous-buff thallus with a dense cortex and a white medulla. It produces colourless, thin-walled ascospores that measure 16.5–22.0 by 7.0–8.5 μm. The specific epithet rhicnoporoides alludes to its resemblance to Ocellularia rhicnopora.

Natsurang Homchantara
Natsurang Homchantara (27 May 1957 – 11 August 2006) was a Thai lichenologist. In her relatively short career, she specialised in the taxonomy of the family Thelotremataceae, in which she helped describe many new species.
2012 MTV Movie Awards
The 2012 MTV Movie Awards were held on June 3, 2012 at the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City, California, hosted by Russell Brand.

The nominees were announced on May 1, and the winners were chosen by fans and a panel of MTV executives. On May 10, Russell Brand was announced to host the 2012 show.

Universal Amphitheatre
Universal Amphitheatre (later known as Gibson Amphitheatre) was an indoor amphitheatre located in Los Angeles, California, within Universal City. It was built as an outdoor venue, opening in the summer of 1972 with a production of Jesus Christ Superstar.  It was remodeled and converted into an indoor theatre in 1982 to improve acoustics. The amphitheater closed on September 6, 2013, and was demolished for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood.
The Wind Gods
The Wind Gods: 33rd America's Cup is a 2011 documentary sailing yacht racing sports film about the 2010 America's Cup (the 33rd Cup) revised in 2013. The film is narrated by Jeremy Irons, directed by Fritz Mitchell, and produced by Skydance Productions. The soundtrack composed by Pinar Toprak won the 2011 IFMCA Best Documentary Score award. The film aired nationally on PBS (the U.S. Public Broadcasting Service) in 2013.

Skydance Media
Skydance Media, LLC (formerly known as Skydance Productions) was an American media production and financing company founded by David Ellison and based in Santa Monica, California, that was active from April 4, 2006 to August 7, 2025. It specialized in films, animation, television, video games and sports.

In 2009, the company entered a five-year partnership to co-produce and co-finance films with Paramount Pictures. This agreement was renewed twice, extending to 2021. On July 7, 2024, Skydance announced its intent to merge with Paramount Global in an $8 billion transaction, under an agreement in which Skydance would acquire Paramount's controlling shareholder National Amusements, and then perform an all-stock merger with the company. On July 24, 2025, the merger was approved by the FCC, and the merger was closed on August 7, 2025, forming Paramount Skydance. Following the merger, the library of Skydance Media got transferred to Paramount Pictures.