hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liar paradox in early Islamic tradition
Many early Islamic philosophers and logicians discussed the liar paradox. Their work on the subject began in the 10th century and continued to Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi of the middle 13th century and beyond. Although the Liar paradox has been well known in Greek and Latin traditions, the works of Arabic scholars have only recently been translated into English.

Each group of early Islamic philosophers discussed different problems presented by the paradox. They pioneered unique solutions that were not influenced by Western ideas.

Athir al-Din al-Abhari
Athīr al-Dīn al-Mufaḍḍal ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Mufaḍḍal al-Samarqandī al-Abharī (Persian):  اثیرالدین مُفَضَّل بن عمر بن مَفَضَّل سمرقندی ابهری; d. 1262 or 1265 also known as Athīr al-Dīn al-Munajjim (اثیرالدین منجم) was an Iranian Muslim polymath, philosopher, astronomer, astrologer and mathematician. Other than his influential writings, he had many disciples.
Leigh Academy
Sir Geoffrey Leigh Academy (SGLA), formerly known as The Leigh Academy, is named after its founding sponsor, Sir Geoffrey Leigh. The academy was renamed in September 2024 as part of a rebranding initiative by its governing body, the multi-academy trust known as Leigh Academies Trust. The trust's CEO, Simon Beamish, previously served as principal of The Leigh Academy, succeeding Frank Green.

Before its academisation in 2007, The Leigh Academy was known as Leigh City Technology College and held City Technology College status from 1997 to 2007. Prior to this, it was known as The Downs School.

City Technology College
In England, a City Technology College (CTC) is an urban all-ability specialist school for students aged 11 to 18 specialising in science, technology and mathematics. They charge no fees and are independent of local authority control, being overseen directly by the Department for Education. One fifth of the capital costs are met by private business sponsors, who also own or lease the buildings. The rest of the capital costs, and all running costs, are met by the Department.
Jamaica at the 2019 Pan American Games
Jamaica competed in the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019.

The Jamaica Olympic Association's goal was to the send the most athletes, compete in the most sports and win the most medals at any one appearance by the country. The Jamaican team consisted of 124 athletes (69 men and 55 women) competing in 17 sports.

During the opening ceremony of the games, squash player Christopher Binnie carried the flag of the country as part of the parade of nations.

Jamaica finished the games with a record 19 medals won, surpassing the previous high of 14 won in 1959.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.
Pelagonitissa
The Pelagonitissa (also known as "The Virgin with the Playing Child") is a type of depiction of the Virgin Mary (often in icons) in which the Virgin holds an infant Jesus in an abrupt movement, his head back and grabbing onto her.

Pelagonitissa was developed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries in the Byzantine Empire, particularly in Macedonia. The name Pelagonitissa refers to the city of Bitola, previously known as Pelagonia.

Pelagonitissa is often seen as a variant of the Eleusa icon in which the infant Jesus rests. One of the best-known examples is in the Church of St. George, Staro Nagoričane, restored by the Serbian king Milutin in the 13th century.

Pelagonia
Pelagonia (Macedonian: Пелагонија, romanized: Pelagonija; Greek: Πελαγονία, romanized: Pelagonía) is a geographical region of Macedonia named after the ancient kingdom. Ancient Pelagonia roughly corresponded to the present-day municipalities of Bitola, Prilep, Mogila, Novaci, Kruševo, and Krivogaštani in North Macedonia and perhaps to small parts of the municipalities of Florina, Amyntaio and Prespes in Greece.
Dark Side of the Moon (2002 film)
Dark Side of the Moon is a French mockumentary by director William Karel. It originally aired on the Franco-German television network Arte in 2002 with the title Opération Lune.

The mockumentary's basic premise is that the television footage from the Apollo 11 Moon landing was faked and recorded in a studio by the CIA with help from director Stanley Kubrick.

Vernon A. Walters
Vernon Anthony Walters (January 3, 1917 – February 10, 2002) was a United States Army officer and a diplomat. Most notably, he served from 1972 to 1976 as Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, from 1985 to 1989 as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations and from 1989 to 1991 as Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany during the decisive phase of German Reunification. Walters rose to the rank of lieutenant general in the U.S. Army and is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame.
Jamma River
The Jamma River (Amharic: ጃማ) is a river in central Ethiopia and a tributary to the Abay (or Blue Nile). It drains parts of the Semien Shewa Zones of the Amhara and Oromia Regions. The Upper Jamma flows through steep, deep canyons cut first through volcanic rock and then through the Cretaceous sandstone and shaly sandstone, with Jurassic limestone at the bottom. It has a drainage area of about 15,782 square kilometers in size. Tributaries include the Wanchet.

The earliest mention of this river is in the Gadla of Tekle Haymanot, which was written in the fourteenth century. One of the earliest European mentions is by the missionary Pedro Páez, who was the first European to see and describe the origin of the Abay. According to Johann Ludwig Krapf, in the 1840s the Jamma defined the boundary between Marra Biete and Moret, two districts of the former province or Sultanate of Shewa.

Johann Ludwig Krapf
Johann Ludwig Krapf (11 January 1810 – 26 November 1881) was a German missionary in East Africa, as well as an explorer, linguist, and traveler. Krapf played an important role in exploring East Africa with Johannes Rebmann. They were the first Europeans to see Mount Kenya with the help of Akamba who dwelled at its slopes and Kilimanjaro. 
Ludwig Krapf visited Ukambani, the homeland of the Kamba people, in 1849 and again in 1850. He successfully translated the New Testament to the Kamba language. Krapf also played a key role in exploring the East African coastline, especially in Mombasa.
Maryland Route 715
Maryland Route 715 (MD 715) is a state highway in Harford County in the U.S. state of Maryland.  Known as Short Lane, the state highway runs 1.06 miles (1.71 km) from U.S. Route 40 (US 40) in Aberdeen east to an entrance to Aberdeen Proving Ground.  MD 715 was constructed during World War II as a military access project.  Between 2010 and 2013, the state highway was reconstructed to better handle the increased traffic brought by the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process.

Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen, Maryland, United States. More than 7,500 civilians and 5,000 military personnel work at APG. There are 11 major commands among the tenant units, including:

United States Army Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM)

United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)

United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC)

Edgewood Arsenal

Adelphi Laboratory Center
The Army Reserve Information Operations Command
Unified Cross Domain Services Management Office
HQ, U.S. Army Contracting Command (Army Contracting Command –APG, Adelphi Contracting Division)
U.S. Army 93rd Signal Network - Network Enterprise Center
Logistics Readiness Center
U.S. Army Cyber Operation Group – 335th Signal Command
Blossom Point Research Facility
Jacob M. Rothschild
Jacob Mortimer Rothschild (1911–1973) was a Reform Jewish rabbi and civil rights activist from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1932 and Hebrew Union College in 1936. After working in Davenport, Iowa and Temple Rodef Shalom in Pittsburgh, he became a rabbi in Atlanta, Georgia in 1946. He was an advocate for Atlanta to honor Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1964. He and King became friends, and Rothschild later delivered King's eulogy. In 1967, Rothschild confronted King about antisemitic comments made by Hosea Williams in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. After Brown v. Board of Education, Rothschild became an advocate for school desegregation. He became an interfaith leader who reached out to the Christian community.

Hosea Williams
Hosea Lorenzo Williams (January 5, 1926 – November 16, 2000) was an American civil rights leader, activist, ordained minister, businessman, philanthropist, scientist, and politician. He was considered a member of famed civil rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Martin Luther King Jr.'s inner circle. Under the banner of their flagship organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, King depended on Williams to organize and stir masses of people into nonviolent direct action in myriad protest campaigns they waged against racial, political, economic, and social injustice. King alternately referred to Williams, his chief field lieutenant, as his "bull in a china shop" and his "Castro." Vowing to continue King's work for the poor, Williams is well known in his own right as the founding president of one of the largest social services organizations in North America, Hosea Feed the Hungry and Homeless. His famous motto was "Unbought and Unbossed."
Chairman of Tibet
The Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region People's Government is the head of the Tibet Autonomous Region and leader of the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

The chairperson is elected by the Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The chairperson is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the regional government. The chairperson is assisted by an executive vice chairperson as well as several vice chairpersons. The chairperson generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Tibet Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The chairperson is the second-highest ranking official in the autonomous region after the secretary of the CCP Tibet Committee. The government chairman is always a Tibetan. The current chairperson is Garma Cedain, who took office on 28 November 2024.

Civil service of China
The civil service of China is the administrative system of the government which consists of all levels who run the day-to-day affairs in the country. The members of the civil service are selected through competitive examination.
Shabestan
A shabestan or shabistan (Persian: شبستان; Old Persian: *xšapastāna, lit. 'night room' is an underground space that can be usually found in traditional architecture of mosques, houses, and schools in ancient Iran.

These spaces were usually used during summers and could be ventilated by windcatchers and qanats.

During the Sasanian Empire and the subsequent Islamic periods, shabestan also referred to inner sanctums of the shahs where their concubines resided. Later these structures came to be called زنانه zanāneh "women's residence" and اندرونی andaruni "inner private zone".

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
2011 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2011 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament, popularly referred to as "Arch Madness", as part of the 2010-11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, was played in St. Louis, Missouri, March 3–6, 2011, at the Scottrade Center. The championship game was broadcast live on CBS on Sunday, March 6, at 1:05 pm CST. The tournament's winner received the Missouri Valley Conference's automatic bid to the 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament

After coming from behind in each their first two games, the #1 seed Missouri State Bears fell short to #3 seed Indiana State. Indiana State, who had needed a buzzer-beater against Evansville in the first round, made their first NCAA tournament appearance in a decade. They also defeated #2 seed Wichita State in the semifinal, en route to only their third NCAA Tournament since the Larry Bird-led Sycamores. Aaron Carter led the Sycamores with 15 points in the win.

Enterprise Center
Enterprise Center is an 18,096-seat arena located in downtown St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Its primary tenant is the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League, but it is also used for other functions, such as NCAA basketball, NCAA hockey, concerts, professional wrestling and more. In a typical year, the facility hosts about 175 events. Industry trade publication Pollstar has previously ranked Enterprise Center among the top ten arenas worldwide in tickets sold to non-team events, but the facility has since fallen into the upper sixties, as of 2017.

The arena opened in 1994 as the Kiel Center. It was known as the Savvis Center from 2000 to 2006, and Scottrade Center from 2006 to 2018. On May 21, 2018, the St. Louis Blues and representatives of Enterprise Holdings, based in St. Louis, announced that the naming rights had been acquired by Enterprise and that the facility's name, since July 1, 2018, adopted its current name.
Redon Abbey
Redon Abbey, or Abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon ("Abbey of the Holy Saviour"; French: Abbaye Saint-Sauveur de Redon), in Redon in the present Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, France, is a former Benedictine abbey founded in 832 by Saint Conwoïon, at the point where the Oust flows into the Vilaine, on the border between Neustria and Brittany.

Vilaine
The Vilaine (French pronunciation: [vilɛn] ⓘ; Breton: Gwilen) is a river in Brittany, in the west of France. The river's source is in the Mayenne département (53), and it flows out into the Atlantic Ocean at Pénestin in the Morbihan département (56). It is 218 km long.
Keith Anderson (actor)
Keith Anderson (10 April 1929 – 2 February 2007) was a British television actor. He often played policemen or officials. Appearances include  The Adventures of Robin Hood (1957-1960), The Avengers (1961), Doctor Who (1964), Crossroads (1964), Gideon's Way (1965), The Man in the Mirror (1966), Z-Cars (1967-1971), Thriller (1975) and Dixon of Dock Green (1975).

Gideon's Way
Gideon's Way is a British television crime series that was made by ITC Entertainment and broadcast by ITV in 1964–1966, following the 1958 film, Gideon’s Day. The film and series are based on novels by John Creasey (writing as 'J. J. Marric') and follow the character George Gideon of Scotland Yard. The series was made at Elstree Studios in twin production with The Saint television series, which was likewise produced by Robert S. Baker and Monty Berman.
Undzhi
Undzhi or Unji (Russian: Унджи; Tajik: Унҷӣ Unjí) is a village and jamoat in north-west Tajikistan. It is located in Ghafurov District in Sughd Region. The jamoat has a total population of 45,230 (2015).

It is a suburb of Khujand and is known for its fruit and vegetable market, thanks to the abundance of agriculture in the area.  Notable streets in the town include Oktyabr Street.

Ghafurov District
Ghafurov District (Russian: Гафуровский район; Tajik: Ноҳияи Ғафуров, romanized: Nohiyayi Ghafurov) is a district in the northern part of Sughd Region, Tajikistan. Its capital is Ghafurov, a town in the south of the district. The district surrounds, but does not include the cities Khujand (the regional capital), Istiqlol (in the north), Buston (formerly Chkalovsk, in the south), and Guliston (formerly Kayrakkum), also in the south, which gave its name to the adjacent Kayrakkum Reservoir.

The district has a population of 380,500 (as of 2020), with 95% classified as rural. It produced 19,500 tons of raw cotton in 2007, accounting for 16% of total cotton production in Sughd province and nearly 5% of Tajikistan's cotton production.
Barbara Jacak
Barbara Jacak (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjat͡sak]) is a nuclear physicist who uses heavy ion collisions for fundamental studies of hot, dense nuclear matter. She is director of the Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and a professor of physics at UC Berkeley. Before going to Berkeley, she was a member of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University, where she held the rank of distinguished professor. She is a leading member of the collaboration that built and operates the PHENIX detector, one of the large detectors that operated at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and was involved in the discovery of the quark gluon plasma and its strongly coupled, liquid-like behavior. Throughout her career she has served on many advisory committees and boards, including the National Research Council Committee on Nuclear Physics, and the Physical Review C editorial board.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the lab and served as its director until his death in 1958. Located in the Berkeley Hills, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Meridian Millers
The Meridian Millers were a minor league baseball team based in Meridian, Mississippi. Between 1937 and 1950, Meridian teams played as a member of the Southeastern League under various nicknames. Meridian became known as the "Millers" beginning in 1949. The Millers continued as members of the Class D level Cotton States League from 1952 to 1955 and won Cotton League championships in 1952 and 1953.

Meridien teams first hosted home minor league games at Fairgrounds Park and relocated when Buckwalter Stadium was constructed to host the team, beginning in 1947.

Meridian teams played as minor league affiliates of the St. Louis Browns (1937–1938, 1941), Brooklyn Dodgers (1946), Cleveland Indians (1947–1948) and Baltimore Orioles (1955).

Fred Williams (first baseman)
Fred "Pap" Williams (July 17, 1913 – November 2, 1993), also listed as Pappy Williams in contemporary reports and Papa Williams in secondary sources, was an American professional baseball first baseman and manager whose career spanned from 1935 to 1955. In 1945, Williams made 16 appearances for the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball. He totaled four hits in 19 at-bats, with one walk. Williams batted and threw right-handed.
2022–23 Le Mans Virtual Series
The 2022–23 Le Mans Virtual Series was the second season of the Le Mans Virtual Series which is an Esports endurance series. The five-event season began at the Bahrain International Circuit on 17 September 2022 and finished at the Circuit de la Sarthe for the 24 Hours of Le Mans Virtual on 14–15 January 2023.

The series is open for Le Mans Prototype (LMP2) and Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance (LMGTE) classes.

Bahrain International Circuit
The Bahrain International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة البحرين الدولية, romanized: Ḥalba al-Baḥrayn ad-Dawliyya) is a 5.412 km (3.363 mi) motorsport venue opened in 2004 and used for drag racing, GP2 Series (now FIA Formula 2), and the annual  Formula One Bahrain Grand Prix. The 2004 Grand Prix was the first  Formula One race held in the Middle East. Beginning in 2006, Australian V8 Supercars raced at the BIC, with the event known as the Desert 400. However, the V8 Supercars did not return for the 2011 V8 Supercar season. 24 Hour endurance races are also hosted at BIC. The circuit has a FIA Grade 1 license. The circuit also has multiple layouts.
Love Message (song)
"Love Message" is a song created by Scooter, Masterboy, E-Rotic, Mr. President, Fun Factory, Worlds Apart and U96 in 1996 as a message about preventing the spread of AIDS.

It was released as a 12" single on Polydor's Club Zone label. It charted in Germany at No. 4, in Finland at No. 9, in Austria and Switzerland at No. 12 and in Sweden at No. 46.

In 2005, one of the song's producers, Klubbingman (Tommy Schleh) of Masterboy Beat Production, featuring Trixi Delgado on vocals (also of the group Masterboy) released their version which charted at No. 96 in Germany.

The song appears on DMA Dance: Eurodance Vol. 2.

U96
U96 is a German musical project formed by DJ and producer Alex Christensen, and a team of producers named Matiz (Ingo Hauss, Helmut Hoinkis, and Hayo Lewerentz). After a decade-long hiatus, the band returned in 2018 without Christensen and Hoinkis.
Chris Stolle
Christopher Patrick Stolle (born April 1, 1958) is a former member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing 83rd district, which includes portions of the cities of Virginia Beach and Norfolk. A Republican, he first won election in 2009 by defeating Democratic incumbent Joseph Bouchard by an eighteen-point margin. He took the oath of office on January 13, 2010, in Richmond, Virginia. Del. Stolle was re-elected on Nov. 9, 2011, securing almost 97% of all votes. Del. Stolle is an OB/GYN and Vice President of Medical Affairs at Riverside Regional Medical Center. He is the brother of Virginia Beach Sheriff and former State Senator Ken Stolle and state senator Siobhan Dunnavant. He lost re-election to Democrat Nancy Guy in 2019.

2009 Virginia elections
The following offices were up for election in the United States Commonwealth of Virginia in the November 2009 general election:

Three statewide offices – Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General – for four-year terms

Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly (100 seats), for two-year terms

Four local constitutional officers each in the larger independent cities – Sheriff, Commonwealth's Attorney, Treasurer, Commissioner of the Revenue – for four-year terms

These elections will determine how the General Assembly will redraw district boundaries for seats in the United States House of Representatives, the Senate of Virginia, and the House of Delegates, based on results of the 2010 United States Census in 2011.