hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
The enzyme UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2), also known as UDP-galactose 4-epimerase or GALE, is a homodimeric epimerase found in bacterial, fungal, plant, and mammalian cells. This enzyme performs the final step in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, catalyzing the reversible conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose. GALE tightly binds nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a co-factor required for catalytic activity.

Additionally, human and some bacterial GALE isoforms reversibly catalyze the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) in the presence of NAD+, an initial step in glycoprotein or glycolipid synthesis.

Glycolipid
Glycolipids (/ˈɡlaɪkoʊˌlɪpɪdz/) are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic (covalent) bond. Their role is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition, which is crucial to the immune response and in the connections that allow cells to connect to one another to form tissues. Glycolipids are found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes, where they extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the extracellular environment.
Pielinen
Pielinen (Swedish: Pielisjärvi) is the fourth largest lake of Finland, with a drainage basin area of 12,823 km2 (4,951 mi2) equally distributed between eastern Finland and Russia. The creation of the lake and its outlet is attributed to a post-glacial isostatic rebound, which resulted in uplift of the land. As is common in Finnish lakes, the lake's color is dark, due to the high proportion of bogs present in the catchment of the drainage basin that drains humic substances.

Pielinen Lake is in the northernmost part of Finnish Karelia in the region of North Karelia. It is adjacent to Koli National Park, known for its scenery in summer, and winter skiing; and is near the whitewater rafting centres at Ruunaa Hiking Center,  Lieksa and Nurmes.

Saimaa
Saimaa (/ˈsaɪmɑː/ SY-mah, Finnish: [ˈsɑi̯mɑː]; Swedish: Saimen) is a lake located in the Finnish Lakeland area in southeastern Finland. With a surface area of approximately 4,279 square kilometres (1,652 sq mi), it is the largest lake in Finland, and the fourth-largest natural freshwater lake in Europe.

The name Saimaa likely comes from a non-Uralic, non-Indo European substrate language. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the name may be connected to the Sami word sápmi.
I Like the Way (EP)
I Like the Way (stylized in all caps) is the third EP by South Korean singer Kim Woojin, released on April 22, 2024 by Kustomade and distributed by Stone Music Entertainment and Genie Music. The EP consists of five tracks, including the lead single of the same name.

Commercially, the EP peaked at number seven on the Circle Album Chart, with the highest first-week sales of Kim's career. To promote the EP, Kim embarked on the I Like the Way Tour in June 2024.

SM Entertainment
SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. It is one of South Korea's largest entertainment companies and has been responsible for fostering and popularizing the careers of many K-pop stars garnering huge global fanbases. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. SM Entertainment is known for having led the worldwide K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of "Hallyu", also known as the "Korean Wave", with early overseas successes such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and BoA.

The label currently represents K-pop artists such as Kangta, TVXQ, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, Aespa, Riize, Naevis, and Hearts2Hearts.
Erik Werenskiold
Erik Theodor Werenskiold (11 February 1855 – 23 November 1938) was a Norwegian painter and illustrator. He is especially known for his drawings for the Asbjørnsen and Moe collection of Norske Folkeeventyr, and his illustrations for the Norwegian edition of the Snorri Sturlason Heimskringla.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Senebhenaf
Senebhenaf was an ancient Egyptian vizier during the Second Intermediate Period.

Senebhenaf is known from the coffin of his daughter, queen Mentuhotep; the inscriptions state that her father was Senebhenaf and her mother was Sobekhotep. Queen Mentuhotep was the wife of king Djehuti. The position of this king within the Second Intermediate Period is uncertain (he has been attributed to both the early 16th and the early 17th dynasties), so the position of Senebhenaf is also not yet fixed.

Some Egyptologists suggested that Senebhenaf was possibly one of the two namesake sons of the vizier Ibiaw who officiated under the 13th Dynasty pharaohs Wahibre Ibiaw and/or Merneferre Ay; if validated, this association could establish a significant temporal link between the Lower Egypt rulers of the mid-late 13th Dynasty and the Upper Egypt kingdom ruled by Djehuti. However, as pointed out by Wolfram Grajetzki, at the current state of knowledge such identification is purely conjectural.

Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVII, alternatively 17th Dynasty or Dynasty 17) was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled in Upper Egypt during the late Second Intermediate Period, approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC. Its mainly Theban rulers are contemporary with the Hyksos of the Fifteenth Dynasty and succeed the Sixteenth Dynasty, which was also based in Thebes. The chronology of the 17th dynasty is very uncertain and the king lists provide little help.

The last two kings of the dynasty opposed the Hyksos rule over Egypt and initiated a war that would rid Egypt of the Hyksos kings and began a period of unified rule, the New Kingdom of Egypt. Kamose, the second son of Seqenenre Tao and last king of the Seventeenth Dynasty, was the brother of Ahmose I, the first king of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
31st Alaska State Legislature
The 31st Alaska State Legislature represented the legislative branch of Alaska's state government from January 15, 2019, to January 18, 2021. Its initial 60-person membership was set by the 2018 Alaska elections, though two members subsequently died in office and two resigned their seats, requiring replacements appointed by Alaska governor Mike Dunleavy.

Members of the Legislature were deeply divided by budget issues and the future of the Alaska Permanent Fund. Members of the 31st Legislature continued taking substantive action after the 2020 Alaska elections, including the authorization of a lawsuit against Dunleavy.

The 31st Legislature held two regular sessions and two special sessions:

Legislative session
A legislative session is the period of time in which a legislature, in both parliamentary and presidential systems, is convened for purpose of lawmaking, usually being one of two or more smaller divisions of the entire time between two elections. A session may last for the full term of the legislature or the term may consist of a number of sessions. These may be of fixed duration, such as a year, or may be determined by the party in power. In some countries, a session of the legislature is brought to an end by an official act of prorogation, in others by a motion to adjourn sine die. In either event, the close of a session generally brings an end to all unpassed bills in the legislature, which would have to be introduced anew to continue debate in the following session.
Winfield S. Hanford
Winfield Scott Hanford (1814–1884) was a one term mayor of South Norwalk, Connecticut in 1878. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in the sessions of 1875 and 1876.

He was the son of Joseph Platt Hanford and Charlotte St. John.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
1957 United States Senate elections
Democrat William Proxmire won a special election to fill the vacancy created by the death of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy (R-WI). Also, Price Daniel (D-TX) left the Senate to become governor of Texas, and Democrat Ralph Yarborough won a special election for that Senate seat. The Democrats thus made a net gain of one seat. However, Congress was out of session at the time of the Democratic gain in Wisconsin, and the Republicans gained a Democratic-held seat only weeks after the next session started, when Republican John D. Hoblitzell Jr. was appointed to fill the vacancy created by the death of Senator Matthew M. Neely (D-WV).

Matthew M. Neely
Matthew Mansfield Neely (November 9, 1874 – January 18, 1958) was an American Democratic politician from West Virginia. He is the only West Virginian to serve in both houses of the United States Congress and as the 21st governor of West Virginia. He is also the only person to have held a full term in both Senate seats from the state.
Public Transport Victoria
Public Transport Victoria (PTV) is the brand name for public transport in the Australian state of Victoria. It was previously the trading name of the Public Transport Development Authority (PTDA), a now-defunct statutory authority in Victoria, responsible for providing, coordinating, and promoting public transport.

PTV began operating on 2 April 2012, taking over many of the responsibilities previously exercised by the Director of Public Transport and the Department of Transport. It also took over the marketing of public transport in Victoria from Metlink and Viclink, as well as responsibility for the myki ticketing system, formerly handled by the Transport Ticketing Authority.

PTV's functions were transferred to the Department of Transport and Planning (DTP) on 1 July 2019. The branding was subsumed by Transport Victoria in August 2025.

Statutory body
A statutory body or statutory authority is a body set up by law (statute) that is authorised to implement certain legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state, sometimes by being empowered or delegated to set rules (for example regulations or statutory instruments) in their field. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries like Australia, Canada, India and New Zealand. They are also found in Hong Kong, Israel and elsewhere. Statutory authorities may also be statutory corporations, if created as a body corporate.
False keel
The false keel was a timber, forming part of the hull of a wooden sailing ship. Typically 6 inches (15 cm) thick for a 74-gun ship in the 19th century, the false keel was constructed in several pieces, which were scarfed together, and attached to the underside of the keel by iron staples. The false keel was intended to protect the main keel from damage, and also protect the heads of the bolts holding the main keel together. The false keel could easily be replaced when it became damaged.

Ship
A ship  is a large watercraft designed for travel across the surface of a body of water, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized tasks such as warfare, oceanography and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.

The word ship has meant, depending on era and context, either simply a large vessel or specifically a full-rigged ship with three or more masts, each of which is square rigged.

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BC. In 2024, ships had a global cargo capacity of 2.4 billion tons, with the three largest classes being ships carrying dry bulk (43%), oil tankers (28%) and container ships (14%).
1971 Nepalese general election
General elections were held in Nepal in 1971 to elect members of the Rastriya Panchayat. At the time, the Rastriya Panchayat had 125 members; out of them 16 were appointed by the King, 90 were elected by Zonal Assemblies, 15 were elected by class organizations and 4 were elected by the graduates constituency.

King of Nepal
The king of Nepal (traditionally known as the mahārājdhirāja i.e. great king of kings; Nepali: महाराजधिराज) was Nepal's head of state and monarch from 1768 to 2008. He served as the head of the Nepalese monarchy—Shah dynasty. The monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly.  The subnational monarchies in Mustang, Bajhang, Salyan, and Jajarkot were abolished in October of the same year.
Land reform in ancient Egypt
Land ownership in ancient Egypt cycled between private, monarchical, and feudal. A strong king could take advantage of harsh situations such as famine, buy lands from private owners and make them a property of the crown. A weaker king would have to buy services from strong lords by giving them gifts of land.

Bakenranef, a king of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty who ruled Sais around 725 BCE, has been credited with initiating a land reform program. The tradition of Bakenranef as a great lawgiver dates back to the ancient historian Diodorus Siculus, but the brevity of Bakenranef's reign and the small geographical extent of the area he ruled, together with the indirect character of the historical evidence for it, has cast some doubt upon this.

Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Διόδωρος, romanized: Diódōros; fl. 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian from Sicily. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. 
The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.
Jarle Wee
Jarle Wee (born 2 February 1972) was a Norwegian football striker.

In his early career he played for SK Haugar. The team played in the second highest league in Norway, but performed badly in the 1992 season, conceding 97 goals. When the club FK Haugesund was formed through a merger, Wee joined that team. In the 1994 league opener he scored 4 goals against Os TF. When the club won promotion to the Norwegian Premier League after the 1996 season, Wee was the club's all-time top goalscorer. In 2001, he signed up with Motala AIF. When he came back from Sweden the next year, he signed up with SK Vard Haugesund and retired in 2012.

SK Haugar
Sportsklubben Haugar is an association football club from Haugesund, Norway, established in 1939. Its top women's team plays in the Second Division and the top men's team plays in the Fifth Division.

The men's team has played two Norwegian Football Cup finals, losing 0–7 against Fredrikstad in 1961 and 2–1 against Viking in 1979. This qualified the team for the 1980–81 European Cup Winners' Cup: in the first round, Haugar drew Sion 1–1 away and then beat them 2–0 at home. In the second round, Haugar tied Newport County 0–0 at home, but lost 0–6 away.

The team played their last season in the top division in 1981. In 1993, it merged its elite teams with Djerv 1919 to create FK Haugesund. Haugar continued to compete in lower divisions.
Schneider ES-49
The Schneider ES49 is a two-seat glider trainer, designed, first flown in late August 1951 and commercially produced in Germany but later built from plans by gliding clubs in Australia.  A major redesign there led to the ES49B Kangaroo.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
2006 Dollar General 300
The 2006 Dollar General 300 was a NASCAR Busch Series race held on Friday October 13, 2006 at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina. The race was the 34th iteration of the event. The race was the 31st race of the 2006 NASCAR Busch Series. The race itself was Friday the 13th fashion as Carl Edwards won the pole and led the most laps but he was taken out with just two laps to go racing for the lead with Casey Mears and he handed the win to Dave Blaney who beat a hard charging Matt Kenseth to take home the win.

Casey Mears
Casey James Mears (born March 12, 1978) is an American professional off-road and stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 66 Ford Mustang Dark Horse for Garage 66. He has raced in IndyCar, NASCAR's three national series, including fifteen seasons in the Cup Series, SCORE International, and the Stadium Super Trucks. A former winner of the Coca-Cola 600, Mears is a member of the Mears racing family as the nephew of four-time Indianapolis 500 winner Rick Mears and the son of IndyCar and off-road veteran Roger Mears.
Marlene Mountain
Marlene Mountain (née Morelock; December 11, 1939 – March 15, 2018), also known as Marlene Morelock Wills, was an American poet, artist, and activist. She wrote many English-language haiku and concrete poems.

She was the 2014-2015 honorary curator of the American Haiku Archives at the California State Library in Sacramento.

Femku Magazine has a haiku contest named after Mountain.

Haiku in English
A haiku in English, or English-language Haiku (ELH), is an English-language poem written in a form or style inspired by Japanese haiku.  Emerging in the early 20th century, English haiku retains many characteristics of its Japanese predecessor—typically focusing on nature, seasonal changes, and imagistic language—while evolving to suit the rhythms and structures of English languages and cultures outside of Japan. The form has gained widespread popularity across the world and continues to develop through both literary experimentation and community-based haiku movements.
Giovan Battista Pigna
Giovan Battista Pigna (April 8, 1529 – November 4, 1575) was an Italian humanist, poet and historian from Ferrara. A reformer of the University of Ferrara, Pigna was secretary to Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara and court historian at Ferrara.

Pigna's I romanzi (1554) argued that chivalric romances like those of Ariosto were a modern form of poetry equal to those considered by Aristotle's Poetics. Torquato Tasso, who succeeded Pigna as court historian, attacked Pigna's defence of Ariostan poetry in his Discorsi dell'arte poetica.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Ferenc Kiss
Ferenc Kiss is the name of:

Ferenc Kiss (actor) (1892–1973), Hungarian actor

Ferenc Kiss (athlete) (born 1955), Hungarian sprinter

Ferenc Kiss (rower) (born 1956), Hungarian rower

Ferenc Kiss (wrestler) (1942–2015), Hungarian wrestler

Ferenc Kiss (actor)
Ferenc Kiss (16 April 1892 – 13 August 1978) was a Hungarian actor. He appeared in more than fifty films from 1921 to 1977.

He was the first President of the Hungarian Film Chamber and was outspokenly antisemitic at a time when Anti-Jewish Laws were restricting Hungarian Jews from participating in the Hungarian Film Industry. At his trial in December 1945 following the Second World War he insisted he was following the will of his members.
Gilda Jacobs
Gilda Z. Jacobs (born April 1, 1949) is a former Democratic member of the Michigan Senate, representing the 14th district from 2003 through 2010. The mostly suburban district is in southeastern Oakland County, and includes the cities of Farmington Hills, Huntington Woods, Southfield, and Oak Park. Jacobs was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1999 to 2002.

She served as president and CEO of the Michigan League for Public Policy from 2011 through 2021. In 2019 she was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.

Oak Park, Michigan
Oak Park is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Oak Park borders Detroit to the north, roughly 14 miles (22.5 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 29,560.
William E. Duff
William Duff is the American author of the 1999 book A Time for Spies: Theodore Stephanovich Mally and the Era of the Great Illegals.

He is a former FBI counterintelligence specialist. He is a graduate of University of the South and Baylor School.

Sewanee: The University of the South
The University of the South, familiarly known as Sewanee (/səˈwɑːni/), is a private Episcopal liberal arts college in Sewanee, Tennessee, United States. It is owned by 28 southern dioceses of the Episcopal Church, and its School of Theology is an official seminary of the church. The campus (officially called "The Domain" or, affectionately, "The Mountain") consists of 13,000 acres (53 km2) of scenic mountain property atop the Cumberland Plateau, with the developed portion occupying about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2).
Petäjä
Petäjä, Petaja is a Finnish surname, it may mean Pinus sylvestris. Notable people with the surname include:

Emil Petaja (1915–2000), American writer

Erkka Petäjä (born 1964), Finnish footballer

Tuuli Petäjä-Sirén (born 1983), Finnish windsurfer

Erkka Petäjä
Erkka Petäjä (born 13 February 1964) is a Finnish former international footballer who earned 84 caps at international level between 1983 and 1994. Petäjä, who played as a defender, played professionally in Finland, Sweden and Switzerland for TPS, Östers IF, Helsingborgs IF, Malmö FF, Yverdon-Sport, Husqvarna FF and Inter Turku.

After his playing career, Petäjä moved back to Växjö, Sweden, where he currently resides.