hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kurt Treu
Kurt Treu (15 September 1928 in Karja, Saare County, Estonia – 6 June 1991 in Vienna, Austria), was a German classical philologist. He was born the son of a German parson on the island Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia. In 1940, because of World War II, the Treu family was forced to leave their homeland. Kurt Treu studied in a Gymnasium in Hohensalza. AS levels were studied by him after the war. He studied Classical philology at the University of Jena. In 1963 he  graduated from the Humboldt University of Berlin.

Saare County
Saare County (Estonian: Saare maakond or Saaremaa; Latin: Oesel; Danish: Øsel; German: Ösel; Swedish: Ösel) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It consists of Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it, most notably Muhu, Ruhnu, Abruka, and Vilsandi. The county borders Lääne County to the east, Hiiu County to the north, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Saare County had a population of 31,292, which was 2.4% of the population of Estonia.
VP-23
VP-23, Patrol Squadron 23, known as the Seahawks, was a U.S. Navy fixed-wing, anti-submarine and maritime patrol squadron based at Brunswick Naval Air Station, Brunswick, Maine, United States.  It was established as Weather Reconnaissance Squadron Three (VPW-3) on 17 May 1946, redesignated as Meteorology Squadron Three (VPM-3) on 15 November 1946, redesignated Heavy Patrol Squadron (Landplane) Three (VP-HL-3) on 8 December 1947 (as the second squadron to be assigned the VP-HL-3 designation), and to Patrol Squadron Twenty Three (VP-23) on 1 September 1948 and disestablished on 28 February 1995. It was the second squadron to be designated VP-23, the first VP-23 was redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 23 (VPB-23) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 25 January 1946.

Naval Air Station Patuxent River
Naval Air Station Patuxent River (IATA: NHK, ICAO: KNHK, FAA LID: NHK), also known as NAS Pax River, is a United States naval air station in St. Mary’s County, Maryland on the Chesapeake Bay near the mouth of the Patuxent River.

It is home to Headquarters, Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, the Atlantic Test Range, Patuxent River Naval Air Museum, and serves as a center for test and evaluation and systems acquisition relating to naval aviation. The station also operates a small outlying field, NOLF Webster.

Commissioned on April 1, 1943, on land largely acquired through eminent domain, the air station grew rapidly in response to World War II and continued to evolve through the Cold War to the present.
Euophrys bifida
Euophrys bifida is a species of jumping spider in the genus Euophrys that is endemic to South Africa. The species was first described in 2014 by Wanda Wesołowska, Galina Azarkina and Anthony Russell-Smith. It is a small spider, with a body that consists of a cephalothorax that is between 1.2 and 1.4 mm (0.05 and 0.06 in) long and an abdomen between 1.2 and 1.7 mm (0.07 in) long. The cephalothorax has a brown carapace, or topside, while the abdomen is marked by a mosaic pattern of dark patches on a light background. While the female has uniform light brown legs, the male's legs are generally darker but have yellowish-grey sections. The spider is most easily differentiated from others species in the genus by the unusual arrangement of its teeth. It has lines of stiff hairs in its mouth with two teeth to the rear. It is the cleft shape of these teeth that is the source of the species name.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
Tinker Fox
Colonel John "Tinker" Fox (1610–1650), sometimes mistaken for the MP Thomas Fox, was a parliamentarian soldier in the English Civil War. Commanding a garrison at Edgbaston House in Warwickshire – a location that guarded the main roads from strongly parliamentarian Birmingham to royalist Worcestershire – Fox operated largely independently of the parliamentarian hierarchy, all factions of which tended to view him with suspicion. Though lauded by the parliamentarian press for his "continual motion and action", to royalist propagandists Fox became an icon of dangerous and uncontrolled subversiveness, being decried as a "low-born tinker" whose troops "rob and pillage very sufficiently". By 1649 Fox's notoriety was such that he was widely, though wrongly, rumoured to be one of the executioners of Charles I.

Edgbaston House
Edgbaston House was a highrise commercial building in Duchess Place, Birmingham. It was built by Laing Development Co Ltd. and the consulting engineers were Ove Arup. Construction cost £1,720,000. It was the result of work by Calthorpe Estates to attract businesses to the Hagley Road and Five Ways by promoting the construction of office blocks there. It is part of the Duchess Place estate which consists of office blocks totalling 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m2). They are owned by the Kenmore Group, who acquired the estate from Chelsfield.

Prior to demolition tenants of the building included Al Rayan Bank and various medical groups. It was demolished in 2018 to be replaced by the New Garden Square development.
Friday After Next (soundtrack)
Friday After Next (Original Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to Marcus Raboy's 2002 Christmas-themed comedy film Friday After Next. It was released on November 19, 2002 via Hollywood Records. Produced by Mitch Rotter, Mitchell Leib and Spring Aspers with Ice Cube and Matt Alvarez as executive producers, the album is composed of hip hop, contemporary R&B and christmas music.

The soundtrack features contributions from Calvin Richardson, Flipmode Squad, F.T., G-Unit, K-Mont, Kokane, Krayzie Bone, LaReece, Nappy Roots, Roscoe, Tha Eastsidaz, Westside Connection, Whateva, Donny Hathaway, Eartha Kitt, Leon Haywood, Slave, The Temptations.

It peaked at number 115 on the Billboard 200, number 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 8 on the Top Soundtracks chart in the United States.

Calvin Richardson
Calvin Richardson (born December 16, 1976) is an American R&B singer-songwriter. He signed with Universal Motown Records to release his debut studio album, Country Boy (1999). His second album, 2:35 PM (2003), was released by Hollywood Records and entered the Billboard 200.
Septeo Stadium
Septeo Stadium (or previously known as Altrad Stadium, Stade Yves-du-Manoir and GGL Stadium) is a multi-use stadium in Montpellier, France.  It is currently used mostly for rugby union matches and is the home stadium of Montpellier Hérault RC. The stadium is able to hold 15,697 spectators (12,734 seated). Rugby league side Catalans Dragons used the venue on 5 June 2011 with their tie against Wigan Warriors.

In 2014, Ligue 1 Association football team Montpellier HSC temporarily used the stadium during their 2014–15 season for home games after October floods in Montpellier. Their stadium Stade de la Mosson faced numerous floods and subsequent damages meant the team were unable to use its facility. Altrad held 5 fixtures during this time, 4 Ligue 1 matches and 1 Coupe de la Ligue game which lasted from 28 October up to their last game on 13 December 2014, before the team returned to their home stadium.

The stadium is named after GGL, a property company based in Montpellier.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
Taine Plumtree
Taine Plumtree (born 9 March 2000) is a Welsh professional rugby union player who plays as a flanker for the Scarlets in the United Rugby Championship. Plumtree began his career with Wellington in the NPC, and played for the Blues in Super Rugby. Plumtree has represented Wales, making his debut on 5 August 2023.

Blues (Super Rugby)
The Blues (Māori: Kahurangi; known as the Auckland Blues from 1996 to 1999) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Auckland, who play in the Super Rugby competition. Like New Zealand's four other Super Rugby teams, the Blues were established by the NZRU in 1996. One of the most successful teams in Super Rugby history, the Blues won the competition in its first two seasons, 1996 and 1997, and again in 2003 and 2024. Additionally, the team were finalists in 1998 and 2022, and semi-finalists in 2007, 2011 and 2023. They won a Trans Tasman competition in 2021.
Just Keep Watching
"Just Keep Watching" is a song by Canadian singer Tate McRae. It was released on May 30, 2025, through RCA Records, Atlantic Records, and Apple Video Programming as the fourth single from the soundtrack album of the film F1. It peaked at number eight on the Billboard Global 200 and became McRae's third number one song on the US Hot Dance/Pop Songs chart. The song earned McRae her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Dance Pop Recording.

Hot Dance/Pop Songs
The Hot Dance/Pop Songs chart has been published weekly by Billboard beginning in January 2025. A sister chart to their Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart, the creation of the Hot Dance/Pop Songs chart was announced on December 10, 2024. The chart contains 15 positions and ranks the most popular dance pop songs in the U.S. according to audience impressions, physical and digital song sales, and streaming. The first number-one on the chart, in the issue dated January 18, 2025, was "It's OK I'm OK" by Tate McRae.

The current number-one song is "Aperture" by Harry Styles.
USA-214
USA-214, also known as Advanced Extremely High Frequency-1 or AEHF-1, is a military communications satellite operated by the United States Air Force. It is the first of six satellites to be launched as part of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency program, which will replace the earlier Milstar system.

Advanced Extremely High Frequency
Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) is a constellation of communications satellites operated by the United States Space Force. They are used to relay secure communications for the United States Armed Forces, the British Armed Forces, the Canadian Armed Forces, the Netherlands Armed Forces and the Australian Defence Force. The system consists of six satellites in geostationary orbits. The final satellite was launched on 26 March 2020. AEHF is backward compatible with, and replaces, the older Milstar system and will operate at 44 GHz uplink (extremely high frequency (EHF) band) and 20 GHz downlink (super high frequency (SHF) band). The AEHF system is a joint service communications system that provides survivable, global, secure, protected, and jam-resistant communications for high-priority military ground, sea and air assets.
1914 Ipswich by-election
The 1914 Ipswich by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 23 May 1914. The constituency returned two Members of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

UK parliamentary by-elections
In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary by-election occurs following a vacancy arising in the House of Commons. They are often seen as a test of the rival political parties' fortunes between general elections.
2023 Rugby League European Championships
The 2023 Rugby League European Championships was intended to be the 34th edition of the first division, Euro A, and 11th edition of the second division, Euro B, as well as the inaugural edition of the promotion and relegation era of the tournament after the cancellation of the planned first edition in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The tournament is officially postponed until an undefined date as a result of France withdrawing as hosts of the 2025 Rugby League World Cup, due to the tournament acting as the European qualifiers. However, with a new format European qualifications tournament for the replacement 2026 Men's Rugby League World Cup, the 2023 European Championships is informally cancelled.

In March 2025, the ERL announced the return of the tournament starting in October, thus officially canceling the 2023 edition.

Rugby League World Cup qualification
The Rugby League World Cup qualification is the process a national team goes through to qualify for the Rugby League World Cup Finals.

Qualifying rounds were first introduced for the 2000 World Cup to reflect the recent expansion of the tournament.

From 2017 hosts and teams reaching the knockout rounds of the previous tournament automatically qualify for the next. The remaining spots are achieved through regional qualification tournaments, split between the four International Rugby League confederation Asia-Pacific, Americas, Europe, and Middle East-Africa.

Prior to this qualification tournament occurred in more random groups and major rugby league nations were still invited without need for qualification.

Because of a changing number of teams making the finals and entering the qualifiers, and the unpredictability of the geographic spread of teams automatically qualifying, the format of the qualification tournament has changed with each edition of the tournament.
Georgi Gospodinov
Georgi Gospodinov Georgiev (Bulgarian: Георги Господинов Георгиев; born 7 January 1968) is a Bulgarian writer, poet and playwright. His novel Time Shelter received the 2023 International Booker Prize, shared with translator Angela Rodel, as well as the Strega European Prize. His novel The Physics of Sorrow received the Jan Michalski Prize and the Angelus Award. His works have been translated into 25 languages.

Gospodinov writes complex narratives, based on the recent past of Eastern Europe and present anxieties across Europe and worldwide. His works often blend poetry into fiction and irony. According to The New Yorker, "Georgi's real quest in The Physics of Sorrow is to find a way to live with sadness, to allow it to be a source of empathy and salutary hesitation…"

Premio Gregor von Rezzori
The Premio Gregor von Rezzori (English: Gregor von Rezzori Award), also known as the Premio Gregor von Rezzori-Città di Firenze, is a literary prize awarded at the annual Festival degli Scrittori ("Writers' festival") in Florence, Italy.
Husa Transportation Group
Husa Transportation Group (formerly Husa Capital) is a group of railfreight, logistics and rail services companies founded in 1998, the group's main business arm on foundation was ACTS Nederland BV (ACTS), founded 1989, an open access freight operator in the Netherlands.

In 2014 the company announced it would exit the rail freight operating business, and dispose of the assets of its 'Husa Transportation Rail Services' (HTRS) subsidiaries.

NS Class 1600
The NS Class 1600 is a type of B′B′ electric locomotive built by Alstom between 1980 and 1983 based on the SNCF Class BB 7200, and in use by the Dutch Railways since 1981. They were styled by the French industrial designer Paul Arzens.

The Class 1600 was ordered in 1978, after several types of locomotives were tested in the 1970s. One of those was the SNCF BB 7200, on which the 1600 is based. The 58 locomotives were delivered between 1981 and 1983. As a result of their delivery, the old Class 1000 and Class 1500 units were taken out of service.

Thanks to the electronic power control, these locomotives were not only the most economical but also the most powerful locomotives that Dutch Railways had.
Wicked Game (Chris Isaak album)
Wicked Game is a compilation album by American singer and songwriter Chris Isaak, released in 1991 by WEA on the Reprise Records label in the UK, Europe and Australia. It contains 11 songs from Isaak's first three studio albums.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
Nepalese hundred-rupee note
The Nepalese one-hundred-rupee banknote (रु 100) is a frequently used denomination of the Nepalese rupee. It is currently in circulation and commonly used for everyday and moderate-value transactions throughout Nepal.

Originally issued during the monarchy, the note featured the portrait of the king. After the monarchy was abolished in 2008, the Nepal Rastra Bank released a new series, replacing the royal portrait with imagery representing Nepal's natural beauty and cultural landmarks.

Nepalese rupee
The Nepalese rupee (नेपाली रुपैयाँ (Nepali); sign: रु; code: NPR) is the official currency and legal tender of Nepal. It is also sometimes abbreviated as N₨ or Re./Rs. informally. The rupee is subdivided into 100 paisa, although coins of lower denominations are rarely used today. It is issued and regulated by the Nepal Rastra Bank, the central bank of Nepal.

The Nepalese rupee was introduced in 1932, replacing the silver-based mohar at a rate of 2 mohar = 1 rupee. Since 1994, it has been officially pegged to the Indian rupee at a rate of रु1.60 = ₹1, having previously been pegged at रु1.45 = ₹1.

In 2024, the Nepalese rupee is accepted for domestic transactions only within Nepal and is not legally circulated outside its borders. Foreign exchange is regulated by the central bank and subject to strict limits.
International Conference on Differential Geometric Methods in Theoretical Physics
International Conference on Differential Geometric Methods in Theoretical Physics are congresses held every few years on the subject of Differential geometric methods in Theoretical physics. Lectures, seminars, and discussions are held in different universities throughout the world, every few years, and a book compilation is published thereafter consisting of the papers submitted and discussed at the conference.

Congress
A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of adversaries) during battle, from the Latin congressus.
Line 16 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 16 is a rapid transit line serving the south-eastern suburban areas of Shanghai. The line was formerly known as the Lingang line (Chinese: 临港线; pinyin: Língǎng xiàn). It was originally designated as Line 21 and was planned as the south part of line 11. The line runs entirely in Pudong New Area, starting from Longyang Road, via Shanghai Wild Animal Park, Huinan Town, ending at Dishui Lake in Nanhui New City. The line is 59 km (37 mi) long and has 13 stations of which three are underground and the rest elevated. Construction begun in early 2009, and the line opened on 29 December 2013. The second phase was completed at the end of 2014.

The design speed of Line 16 is 120 km/h (75 mph), and the actual maximum operating speed in the above-ground section is about 100 km/h (62 mph). Line 16 is susceptible to further speed limits due to heavy fog, due to the high operating speed of the line requiring longer sight distances. The line is colored aqua on system maps.

Nanhui New City
30°54′00″N 121°56′12″E﻿ / ﻿30.90000°N 121.93667°E﻿ / 30.90000; 121.93667

Nanhui New City (simplified Chinese: 南汇新城; traditional Chinese: 南匯新城) is a planned city located in the southeasternmost tip of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China. It was formerly called Lingang New City (simplified Chinese: 临港新城; traditional Chinese: 臨港新城, It means "new city near the port") until it was renamed in April 2012.

Construction began in 2003 and is scheduled to be completed in 2020, with the German architecture company Gerkan, Marg and Partners leading the project. The project is estimated to have cost $4.5 billion. The city is aimed to house 450,000 to 800,000 residents while attracting 10 million annual tourists.
Hass–Bender oxidation
In organic chemistry, the Hass–Bender oxidation (also called the Hass–Bender carbonyl synthesis) is an organic oxidation reaction that converts benzyl halides into benzaldehydes using the sodium salt of 2-nitropropane as the oxidant. This name reaction is named for Henry B. Hass and Myron L. Bender, who first reported it in 1949.

The reaction process begins with the deprotonation of 2-nitropropane at the α carbon to form a nitronate. This compound then initiates an SN2 reaction to displace the benzyl halide. Unlike in the nitroaldol reaction, where the deprotonated carbon of the nitroalkyl group is the nucleophilic atom, it is instead an oxygen of the nitro itself that attacks the benzylic carbon. The O-benzyl structure then undergoes a pericyclic reaction to produce a benzaldehyde, with dimethyloxime as a byproduct.

Although originally developed for benzyl compounds, the reaction also works for allyl halides, giving the respective α,β-enones and enals.

Allyl group
In organic chemistry, an allyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH2−HC=CH2. It consists of a methylene bridge (−CH2−) attached to a vinyl group (−CH=CH2). The name is derived from the scientific name for garlic, Allium sativum. In 1844, Theodor Wertheim isolated an allyl derivative from garlic oil and named it "Schwefelallyl". The term allyl applies to many compounds related to H2C=CH−CH2, some of which are of practical or of everyday importance, for example, allyl chloride.

Allylation is any chemical reaction that adds an allyl group to a substrate.
Hungarians in Slovakia
Hungarians constitute the largest  minority in Slovakia. According to the 2021 Slovak census, 422,065 people (or 7.75% of the population) declared themselves Hungarian. An additional 34,089 people declared a combination of Hungarian and other nationalities. Altogether 456,154 people stated that Hungarian was their mother tongue.

Hungarians in Slovakia are predominantly concentrated in the southern part of the country, near the border with Hungary. They form the majority in two districts, Komárno and Dunajská Streda.

The 13 Martyrs of Arad
The Thirteen Martyrs of Arad (Hungarian: tizenhárom aradi vértanú) were the thirteen Hungarian rebel generals who were executed by the Austrian Empire on 6 October 1849 in the city of Arad, then part of the Kingdom of Hungary (now in Romania), after the Hungarian Revolution (1848–1849). The execution was ordered by the Austrian general Julius Jacob von Haynau.