hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Ecuadorian Exposition
The National Ecuadorian Exposition was a world's fair held in Quito in 1909 to mark 100 years since the start of the campaign for Ecuadorian independence from Spain.

The Palace of the Exhibition was formally opened on 10 August 1909 to mark 100 years since the "First Cry for Independence". The fair opened on 8 September.

Ecuadorian War of Independence
The Ecuadorian War of Independence, part of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early 19th century, was fought from 1809 to 1822 between Spain and several South American armies over control of the Real Audiencia of Quito, a Spanish colonial jurisdiction which later became the modern Republic of Ecuador. The war ended with the defeat of the Spanish forces at the Battle of Pichincha on May 24, 1822, which brought about the independence of all the lands of the Real Audiencia of Quito.
Penelope Chetwode
Penelope Valentine Hester Chetwode, Lady Betjeman (14 February 1910 – 11 April 1986) was an English travel writer. She was the only daughter of Field Marshal Lord Chetwode, and the wife of poet laureate Sir John Betjeman. She was born at Aldershot and grew up in northern India, returning to the region in later life.

Aldershot
Aldershot (/ˈɔːldərʃɒt/ AWL-dər-shot) is a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme north-east corner of the county, 31 mi (50 km) south-west of London. The town has a population of 40,160, while the Aldershot Urban Area – a loose conurbation, which also includes other towns such as Camberley and Farnborough – has a population of 243,344; it is the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.

Aldershot is known as the Home of the British Army, a connection which led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town.
José Angulo
José Angulo (born 13 January 1988) is a former Colombian professional footballer who played as a forward. He is the current Head of Scout and Manager of Youth Partnerships for USL League One club New York Cosmos

Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC
Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC is an American professional soccer team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1998 and beginning play in 1999, the club plays in the Eastern Conference of the USL Championship, the second tier of the American soccer pyramid. Since 2013, the Riverhounds have played their home games at the 5,000-seat Highmark Stadium, a soccer-specific stadium located in Station Square. Their current head coach is Rob Vincent. Saint Lucian international David Flavius currently holds the club records for most appearances and goals which he set over his eight seasons with the Riverhounds between 1999 and 2006.

The Riverhounds have an affiliated women's soccer team, Pittsburgh Riveters SC, that plays in the USL W League.
Slutty Vegan
Slutty Vegan ATL, LLC, doing business as Slutty Vegan, is a vegan hamburger restaurant chain founded by Aisha "Pinky" Cole (born December 8, 1987) in August 2018, in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2023, she was added to the Time magazine 100 Next list, recognizing individuals with an outsized influence on American culture.

Westview, Atlanta
Westview is a historic intown neighborhood located in southwest Atlanta, Georgia. It is named for the Westview Cemetery that borders the neighborhood to the northwest. The neighborhood is made up of a mixture of architectural styles including Arts & Crafts bungalows, Four-Squares, Tudors, Minimal Traditional houses, and Ranch style houses.
Kruzy, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Kruzy [ˈkruzɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Lucas Rafael Bennazar Ortiz
Lucas Rafael Bennazar Ortiz (born February 7, 1969) is a Puerto Rican sport shooter. At age thirty-five, Bennazar made his official debut for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he competed in two shotgun events. He placed twenty-seventh in the men's trap, with a score of 112 points, tying his position with France's Yves Tronc and Italy's Marco Venturini. Few days later, he competed for his second event, the double trap, where he was able to fire 3 sets of 50 shots, for an overall total score of 122 points, finishing only in twenty-third place.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Bennazar competed for the second time in the men's double trap, an event which was later dominated by U.S. shooter Walton Eller. In the qualifying rounds, Bennazar fired a total of 123 shots in three different sets, finishing only in seventeenth place.

Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 14 and 15 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens, Greece. There were 35 competitors from 26 nations, with each nation having up to two shooters.

Russia's Alexey Alipov attained an almost perfect score of 149 to tie the Olympic record for the gold medal in this event. The silver medal was awarded to Italy's Giovanni Pellielo with 146 points, while Australia's Adam Vella claimed the bronze with 145. Vella's teammate and two-time defending Olympic champion Michael Diamond missed a chance for his third Olympic gold in the final round, after firing only 119 birds to earn the eighth position in the prelims. Alipov's victory was Russia's first gold medal in the event. Pellielo, who had taken bronze in 2000, was the fourth man to earn multiple medals in the trap.
Absolution (2015 film)
Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 English-language Romanian action thriller film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal, Vinnie Jones, and Byron Mann. The film is a sequel to A Good Man, and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in Submerged (2005) and Gutshot Straight (2014), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in Belly of the Beast (2003) and A Dangerous Man (2009)) .

Byron Mann
Byron Mann Fung (Chinese: 文峰; Jyutping: Man4 Fung1; nè Chan) is a Hong Kong-American actor. His best-known roles include Ryu in Street Fighter, Silver Lion in The Man with the Iron Fists, Wing Chau in The Big Short, Admiral Augusto Nguyen on The Expanse, Chang on Hell on Wheels, Yao Fei on Arrow, and Uncle Six in the Netflix series Wu Assassins.
Utility functions on indivisible goods
Some branches of economics and game theory deal with indivisible goods, discrete items that can be traded only as a whole. For example, in combinatorial auctions there is a finite set of items, and every agent can buy a subset of the items, but an item cannot be divided among two or more agents.

It is usually assumed that every agent assigns subjective utility to every subset of the items. This can be represented in one of two ways:

An ordinal utility preference relation, usually marked by . The fact that an agent prefers a set  to a set  is written . If the agent only weakly prefers  (i.e. either prefers  or is indifferent between  and ) then this is written .

A cardinal utility function, usually denoted by . The utility an agent gets from a set  is written . Cardinal utility functions are often normalized such that , where  is the empty set.

A cardinal utility function implies a preference relation:  implies  and  implies . Utility functions can have several properties.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Midwest Radio Network
Midwest Radio Network is an Australian media company that focuses on broadcasting and digital media. The broadcasting division focuses on the operation of FM and AM commercial radio stations in the Midwest region, west of Sydney. The digital media platform comprising newspaper-style news portals is internationally concentrated.

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
Larry Tukis
Larry Tukis (born October 6, 1964) is a retired American soccer goalkeeper who played professionally in the Major Indoor Soccer League and National Professional Soccer League.

Tukis attended Cabrini College where he played on the men's soccer team from 1982 through 1985.  He played one game for the Kansas City Comets during the 1987-1988 Major Indoor Soccer League.  He then spent two seasons with the Hershey Impact of the American Indoor Soccer Association.  On November 18, 1990, the Impact released Tukis to free up a roster spot for newly signed Scoop Stanisic. Tukis also played one season (1991–1992) with the Harrisburg Heat of the National Professional Soccer League.

Hershey Impact
The Hershey Impact was an indoor soccer club based in Hershey, Pennsylvania that competed in the National Professional Soccer League.

The team played its home games at the Hersheypark Arena for all of its 3 seasons.
Leucopogon grammatus
Leucopogon grammatus  is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, spirally arranged, erect, egg-shaped leaves, and white, bell-shaped to broadly bell-shaped flowers.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
A Wedding Night at Stjarnehov
A Wedding Night at Stjarnehov (Swedish: En bröllopsnatt på Stjärnehov) is a 1934 Swedish comedy film directed by Torsten Lundqvist and starring Adolf Jahr, Elisabeth Frisk and Ruth Stevens. It was shot at the Kungsholmen Studios of Nordisk Tonefilm in Stockholm and on location around Södertälje and Trosa. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bertil Duroj. It is now considered to be a lost film.

Bertil Duroj
Bertil Duroj (1893–1967) was a Swedish art director. Active in the Swedish film industry he designed the sets for more than a hundred productions during his career. These included The Yellow Clinic (1942).
Fabienne St Louis
Fabienne Aline St Louis (born 22 March 1988) is a Mauritian professional triathlete, the African U23 Vice Champion (2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010), Elite Vice Champion (2010), and U23 African Champion (2011).

St Louis qualified for the London Olympics 2012.  She competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Despite being diagnosed with cancer in 2015, she qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Mauritians
Mauritians (singular Mauritian; French: Mauricien; Creole: Morisien) are nationals or natives of the Republic of Mauritius and their descendants. Mauritius is a melting pot of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious peoples. Mauritian is made up of blended groups of people who come mainly from South Asian (notably Indian), African (Mozambique, Madagascar and Zanzibar), European (White/European Mauritians), and Chinese descent, as well as those of a mixed background from any combination of the aforementioned ethnic groups. Creol-Mauritian is the blending of the different cultures; this is why it is complex to define Creol-Mauritian.
Germanium monoselenide
Germanium monoselenide is a chemical compound with the formula GeSe. It exists as black crystalline powder having orthorhombic (distorted NaCl-type) crystal symmetry; at temperatures ~650 °C, it transforms into the cubic NaCl structure. GeSe has been shown to have stereochemically active Ge 4s lone pairs that are responsible for the distorted structure and the relatively high position of the valence band maximum with respect to the vacuum level.

To grow GeSe crystals, GeSe powder is vaporized at the hot end of a sealed ampule and allowed to condense at the cold end. Usual crystals are small and show signs of irregular growth, caused mainly by convective motion in the gaseous medium. However, GeSe grown under condition of zero-gravity and reduced convection aboard the Skylab are ~10 times larger than Earth-grown crystals, and are free from visual defects.

Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
Pride celebrations in the United Kingdom
Pride celebrations happen across the United Kingdom during the summer. The first official Pride March was organized by the London Gay Liberation Front on July 1st 1972, on the weekend closest to the anniversary of the Stonewall riots. Birmingham closely followed with a march the week after. This was only 5 years after the partial decriminilisation of homesexuality in the UK. The London Pride Parade is the longest-running and largest Pride event in the UK.

Gay Liberation Front
Gay Liberation Front (GLF) was the name of several gay liberation groups, the first of which was formed in New York City in 1969, immediately after the Stonewall riots. Similar organizations also formed in the UK, Australia and Canada. The GLF provided a voice for the newly-out and newly radicalized gay community, and a meeting place for a number of activists who would go on to form other groups, such as the Gay Activists Alliance, Gay Youth New York, and Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR) in the US. In the UK and Canada, activists also developed a platform for gay liberation and demonstrated for gay rights. Activists from both the US and UK groups would later go on to found or be active in groups including ACT UP, the Lesbian Avengers, Queer Nation, Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, and Stonewall.
Max Rubner Institute
The Max Rubner Institute (MRI), Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food is a higher federal authority of the Federal Republic of Germany in the portfolio of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL). The research focus is on consumer health protection in the nutrition sector. In this field, the MRI advises the BMEL.

The institute was named after the physician and physiologist Max Rubner. Until January 1, 2008, the institute was called the Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food (BfEL). The president of the MRI is Tanja Schwerdtle.

The institution's headquarters are in Karlsruhe. Other locations are Kiel, Detmold and Kulmbach. The Münster site has been closed; "the fish quality department is currently still located in Hamburg." In total, the institute employs around 200 scientists at its various sites.

The MRI is a member of the Working Group of Departmental Research Institutions.

Detmold
Detmold (German pronunciation: [ˈdɛtmɔlt] ⓘ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of 74,229. It was the capital of the small Principality of Lippe from 1468 until 1918 and then of the Free State of Lippe until 1947. Today it is the administrative center of the district of Lippe and of the Regierungsbezirk Detmold. The Church of Lippe has its central administration located in Detmold. The Reformed Redeemer Church is the preaching venue of the state superintendent of the Lippe church.
GQM-163 Coyote
The GQM-163 Coyote is a supersonic sea-skimming missile target built by Northrop Grumman (formerly Orbital ATK) and used by the United States Navy as a successor to the MQM-8 Vandal. Orbital's proposal was chosen over the MA-31, a joint venture between Boeing and Zvezda-Strela. Orbital was awarded the development contract for the Coyote SSST in June 2000.

The Coyote is launched by a Hercules MK-70 booster, of similar design to those used by the obsolete RIM-67 Standard ER missiles.  After the booster stage is expended the missile switches to an Aerojet MARC-R-282 solid-fuel rocket/ramjet engine for sustained flight.

In July 2018, Orbital Sciences Corp was awarded a US$52m modification to its existing contract, for 18 Lot 12 targets plus some Foreign Military Sales.

Tactical Missiles Corporation
JSC Tactical Missiles Corporation (KTRV) (Russian: АО «Корпорация Тактическое Ракетное Вооружение», КТРВ) is a major Russian holding company for the manufacturers of military weapons (especially missiles), headquartered in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast.
Dzierzgów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Dzierzgów [ˈd͡ʑɛʐɡuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radków, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Radków, 17 km (11 mi) south of Włoszczowa, and 51 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Włoszczowa County
Włoszczowa County (Polish: powiat włoszczowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Włoszczowa, which lies 46 kilometres (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

The county covers an area of 906.38 square kilometres (350.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 45,137, out of which the population of Włoszczowa is 9,985, and the rural population is 35,152.
Christchurch railway station, New Zealand
Christchurch railway station is in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It is on the Main North Line at Addington junction, and is the only remaining passenger railway station in the city: suburban passenger trains were cancelled due to lack of demand in the 1970s.  It is the terminus of the South Island's two remaining long-distance passenger trains, the Coastal Pacific to Picton and the TranzAlpine to Greymouth. and the Southerner to Dunedin.

The current station is the third to serve Christchurch. The two earlier stations were adjacent to each other on Moorhouse Avenue, a short distance to the east on the Main South Line, closer to the city centre.

Picton, New Zealand
Picton (Māori: Waitohi) is a town in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand's South Island. The town is located near the head of the Queen Charlotte Sound / Tōtaranui, 25 km (16 mi) north of Blenheim and 65 km (40 mi) west of Wellington. Waikawa lies just north-east of Picton and is considered to be a contiguous part of the Picton urban area.

Picton is a major hub in New Zealand's transport network, connecting the South Island road and rail network with ferries across Cook Strait to Wellington and the North Island. The Picton urban area has a population of 4,850  (June 2025), making it the second-largest town in the Marlborough Region behind Blenheim. It is the easternmost town in the South Island with a population of at least 1,000 people.
Minggugong station
Minggugong station (simplified Chinese: 明故宫站; traditional Chinese: 明故宮站; pinyin: Mínggùgōng Zhàn; lit. 'Ming Former Palace Station') is a station of Line 2 of the Nanjing Metro. It started operations on 28 May 2010 along with the rest of Line 2.

The station is traditionally decorated using red and yellow and has a theme of Double Ninth Festival.

Nanjing Metro
The Nanjing Metro is a rapid transit system serving the urban and suburban districts of Nanjing, the capital city of Jiangsu Province in the People's Republic of China.

Proposals for a metro system serving Nanjing first began in 1984, with approval by the State Planning Commission granted in 1994. Construction began on the initial 16-station Line 1 in 1999, and opened in 2005. The system has 14 lines and 243 stations running on 571.49 km (355.11 mi) of track. It is operated and maintained by the Nanjing Metro Group Company. Future expansion plans include 30 lines set to open within the next few years, with several more awaiting approval to begin construction.
Raivis Zeltīts
Raivis Zeltīts (born 21 March 1992) is a Latvian politician, national-conservative activist, and writer. From 2014 to 2020 he was the Secretary-General of the National Alliance, as well as board member and leader of its youth organization. He was elected to the Mārupe municipal council in the 2013 municipal elections and re-elected in 2017. He did not run for re-election in 2021. In 2020 he founded nationalist association "Austošā Saule" and was one of the founders of Rising Sun for Latvia party in 2025.

2013 Latvian municipal elections
Municipal elections were held across Latvia on 1 June 2013.  All 119 municipalities and republican cities of Latvia elected their city councils.  In Riga, by far the largest city in Latvia, Harmony Centre won an absolute majority.