hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Axel Bertram
Axel Bertram (26 March 1936 - 16 March 2019) was a German commercial artist, type designer, illustrator, magazine designer and medalist.   During his later decades he became, in addition, a knowledgeable and dedicated expert on calligraphy.   Confident in his judgements, he also contributed articles to newspapers and magazines, though this was motivated more by a personal drive to share his enthusiasm for his ideas on design than because he aspired to any sort of career as a journalist or commentator.

To paraphrase several of the tributes paid to his memory after he died (which seem to have originated with a press release issued by the Leipzig publishing business, Lehmstedt Verlag), only the specialists knew his name, but virtually every East German citizen was familiar with Bertram's work and, after the East German coinage redesign that started in 1969, carried examples of it in a purse or a pocket when leaving home.

Commercial art
Commercial art is the art of creative services, referring to art created for commercial purposes, primarily advertising. Commercial art uses a variety of platforms (magazines, websites, apps, television, etc.) for viewers with the intent of promoting the sale and interest of products, services, and ideas. It relies on the iconic image (pictorial representations that are recognized easily to members of a culture) to enhance recall and favorable recognition for a product or service. An example of a product could be a magazine ad promoting a new soda through complementary colors, a catchy message, and appealing illustrative features. Another example could be promoting the prevention of global warming by encouraging people to walk or ride a bike instead of driving in an eye catching poster. It communicates something specific to an audience.

People can obtain training, certifications, and degrees that incorporate commercial arts in many exercises, activities, and programs.
Monte Freidour
Monte Freidour is a mountain in the Cottian Alps, Metropolitan City of Turin in Piedmont, north-western Italy. It has an elevation of 1.451 m, with a secondary summit at 1,445 metres (4,741 ft), and is composed of gneiss cliffs overlooking the town of Cumiana.

Cottian Alps
The Cottian Alps (/ˈkɒtiən ˈælps/; French: Alpes Cottiennes [alp kɔtjɛn]; Italian: Alpi Cozie [ˈalpi ˈkɔttsje]) are a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps. They form the border between France (Hautes-Alpes and Savoie) and Italy (Piedmont). The Fréjus Road Tunnel and Fréjus Rail Tunnel between Modane and Susa are important transportation arteries between France (Lyon, Grenoble) and Italy (Turin).
6th Queens
6th Queens was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1966 to 1993.

The district comprised the western half of the city of Charlottetown. Prior to 1966, the district was part of 5th Queens, and its creation marked the only redistribution of Prince Edward Island's provincial electoral districts to take place until the province adopted conventional single-member districts for the 1996 general election.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Pusher configuration
In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with propulsion device(s) after the engine(s).  This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, which places them in front.

Though the term is most commonly applied to aircraft, its most ubiquitous propeller example is a common outboard motor for a small boat.

“Pusher configuration” describes the specific (propeller or ducted fan) thrust device attached to a craft, either aerostats (airship) or aerodynes (aircraft, WIG, paramotor, rotorcraft) or others types such as hovercraft, airboats, and propeller-driven snowmobiles.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Songhor Lagoon
The Songhor Lagoon is a coastal lagoon on the eastern coast of Ghana, West Africa. The site covers an area of 28,740 hectares, and it is located just outside the major town of Ada and to the west of the Volta River estuary. It was designated as Ramsar wetland site of international importance number 566 on June 22, 1988. In 2011, UNESCO approved the Songor Biosphere Reserve as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Among several other important functions, it acts as habitat and/or breeding ground for several notable species.

Volta River
The Volta River (Akan: Asuo Firaw, Ewe: Amuga, French: Fleuve Volta) is the main river system in the West African country of Ghana. It flows south into Ghana from the Bobo-Dioulasso highlands of Burkina Faso.

The three main parts of the river are the Black Volta, the White Volta, and the Red Volta. In the northwest, the Black Volta forms the international borders of the Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Burkina Faso. The Volta flows southward along the Akwapim-Togoland highlands, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of Guinea at Ada Foah. One of its smaller tributaries, the Oti River, enters Ghana from Togo in the east. The Volta River has been dammed at Akosombo for generating hydroelectricity. The reservoir named Lake Volta stretches from Akosombo Dam in the south to the northern part of the country, and is the largest man-made reservoir by area in the world.

The country of Burkina Faso was formerly called Upper Volta, after the river.
Faye Sultan
Faye Sultan AlEssa (Arabic: فيّ سلطان; born 20 October 1994) is a Kuwaiti swimmer who competed in the Women's 50m Freestyle event at the 2012 Summer Olympics as the first female swimmer to represent Kuwait at the olympics. She attended high school at the American School of Kuwait, and graduated in 2012.

During the fall of 2012, Faye enrolled in the Williams College class of 2016. At Williams, she competed for the Williams Ephs women's swimming & diving team.

Faye also competed in the Women's 50m freestyle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She participated within the Independent Olympic Athletes team. She won her heat with a time of 26.86 seconds, finishing 54th out of 88 competitors.

Independent Olympic Athletes at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Independent Olympic athletes competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. The team was composed of Kuwaiti athletes who competed under the Olympic flag, as the Kuwait Olympic Committee had been suspended by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for the second time in five years due to governmental interference.

In addition to the independent athletes, ten refugees competed under the Olympic flag as the Refugee Olympic Team, which constituted a separate team.

Kuwaiti shooter Fehaid Al-Deehani became the first independent athlete to win a gold medal.
Kalix Löjrom
Kalix Löjrom is the designation of the roe of the small salmonid fish species  vendace (Coregonus albula), harvested specifically from the Bothnian Bay archipelago of the Baltic Sea in northern Sweden.  Since 2010 it has a status of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) issued by the European Union, and is one of few Swedish products with the PDO status.

Kalix is a locality in Norrbotten County. The roe harvest normally starts late September and continues until the vendace are ready for spawning around late October.

For various reasons the roe has a more orange or red color than most vendace roe and the grains have a mild taste. Kalix Löjrom is often served at royal dinners and it is common on the Nobel Prize banquets. Kalix Löjrom means literally "Kalix vendace roe". It is marketed as "Caviar of Kalix".

Bothnian Bay
The Bothnian Bay or Bay of Bothnia (Swedish: Bottenviken; Finnish: Perämeri) is the northernmost part of the Gulf of Bothnia, which is in turn the northern part of the Baltic Sea. The land holding the bay is still rising after the weight of ice-age glaciers has been removed, and within 2,000 years the bay will be a large freshwater lake since its link to the south Kvarken is mostly less than 20 metres (66 ft) deep. The bay today is fed by several large rivers, and is relatively unaffected by tides, so has low salinity. It freezes over each year for up to six months. Compared to other parts of the Baltic, it has little plant or animal life.
Riyadh–Qurayyat railway
The Riyadh–Qurayyat railway is a passenger railway line in Saudi Arabia, owned and operated by Saudi Arabia Railways (SAR). The line is 1,242 km (772 mi) long and connects the capital, Riyadh, with the northern city of Qurayyat, near the Jordanian border.

The route includes stations in Majmaah, Al-Qassim Province, Hail Province, and Al-Jouf Province, with a planned stop at Al-Zulfi. Between Buraydah and the Nafud desert, the line shares infrastructure with the North–South railway, a freight railway primarily used for cargo operations.

Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
Qurayyat (also Al Qurayat or Gurayat, Arabic: القريات) is a city located in Al Jawf Province, in northern Saudi Arabia, inside the King Salman Royal Natural Reserve. It is 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the Jordan–Saudi Arabia border. Qurayyat had a population of 167,080 at the 2022 Census. It is a small city with a very big market. Qurayyat is known for its olives and salt.
Gay skinhead
A gay skinhead, also known as a gayskin or queerskin, is a gay person who identifies with the skinhead subculture. Some gay skinheads have a sexual fetish for skinhead clothing styles.

Gay skinheads figure in the work of gay artists such as Canadian painter Attila Richard Lukacs and filmmaker Bruce LaBruce. Gay skinheads have been featured on the catwalks of fashion designers Alexander McQueen and Jean-Paul Gaultier since the early 1990s.

Not all skinheads who are gay fetishize the skinhead image. These individuals may prefer not to be referred to as gayskins because of the sexual connotations—and they may not associate with self-identified gayskins for the same reason, but to traditional skinhead culture.

There exists a vibrant, gay skinhead social scene, both online and at events, particularly in parts of Europe and the United Kingdom.

Bruce LaBruce
Bruce LaBruce (born January 3, 1964) is a Canadian artist, writer, filmmaker, photographer, and underground director based in Toronto. He is notable for being a pioneer of the queercore punk rock movement.
Fujiwara no Korekimi
Fujiwara no Korekimi (藤原是公; 727 – October 12, 789) was a Japanese aristocrat and statesman of the Nara period. He reached the court rank of Junior Second Rank and the position of Minister of the Right (udaijin), and was posthumously promoted to Junior First Rank. He was also called Ushiya-daijin (牛屋大臣).

Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is the collective term for the most important officials attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. The term generally referred to the Kō (公) and Kei (卿) court officials and denoted a court rank between First Rank and Third Rank under the Ritsuryō system, as opposed to the lower court nobility, thus being the collective term for the upper court nobility. However, later on some holders of the Fourth Rank were also included.

In 1869, following the Meiji Restoration, the court nobility and daimyo were merged into a new peerage, the kazoku.
United States Marine Band (film)
United States Marine Band is a 1942 American short documentary film directed by Jean Negulesco, featuring the United States Marine Band. It was nominated for an Academy Award at the 15th Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (One-Reel).

15th Academy Awards
The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles on March 4, 1943, honoring the films of 1942. The ceremony is most famous for the speech by Greer Garson. Accepting the award for Best Actress, Garson spoke for approximately 5 minutes and 30 seconds, which was the longest acceptance speech in Oscars history until Adrien Brody won for Best Actor in 2025. A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio.

Mrs. Miniver was the second film (after My Man Godfrey in 1936) to receive nominations in all four acting categories, as well as the first film to receive five acting nominations; it won six of its twelve nominations, including Best Picture and William Wyler's first of three Best Director awards.

Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Original Song, which he ended up winning himself for "White Christmas". There was also a four-way tie for Best Documentary Feature, a unique occurrence.
Karelse
Karelse is a Dutch or Afrikaans surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Karelse (born 1970), Dutch footballer and manager

Neeltje Karelse (1926–2015), Dutch track-and-field athlete

Tyrese Karelse (born 2001), South African cricketer

Tyrese Karelse
Tyrese Karelse (born 5 November 2001) is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 3 October 2019, for South Western Districts in the 2019–20 CSA 3-Day Provincial Cup. He made his List A debut on 6 October 2019, for South Western Districts in the 2019–20 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge. In December 2019, he was named in South Africa's squad for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
Metaltech (band)
Metaltech (met'l tek) are a three piece Scottish metal/techno/rock/industrial dance music band from Edinburgh. They consist of Erik Tricity (Erik Grieve) performing vocals, rhythm guitar, programming and production, Lord Thrapston Flagellator, pronounced fla-jella-tor (Emmett Christie) playing bass guitar and the Insidious Doktor Mayhem (Rory Alsop) providing lead guitar and pyrotechnics.

Their music is an amalgamation of rock/metal guitars, funk/slap bass, synthesizers, techno inspired programmed drums and tongue-in-cheek lyrics.

Metaltech are renowned for their theatrical performances and over the top behaviour, with band members donning masks, Kabuki style make up and eccentric costumes, all themed in neon orange, black and white. Their stage show involves frequent audience interaction with items such as glo-sticks and party poppers being thrown into the crowd, as well as the use of bubble guns, confetti cannons and fireworks.

Atari Teenage Riot
Atari Teenage Riot (ATR) is a German band formed in Berlin in 1992. Highly political, they fuse anarchist and anti-fascist views with punk vocals and a techno sound called digital hardcore, which is a term band member Alec Empire used as the name of his record label Digital Hardcore Recordings. After a long hiatus in 2000, they re-formed in 2010.
Wayne Snyder
Wayne Snyder is an associate professor at Boston University known for his work in E-unification theory.

He was raised in Yardley, Pennsylvania, worked in his father's aircraft shop, attended the Berklee School of Music, and obtained an MA in Augustan poetry at Tufts University. He then studied computer science, and earned his Ph.D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1988. In 1987 he came to Boston University, teaching introductory computer science, and researching on automated reasoning, and, more particularly, E-unification.

Yardley, Pennsylvania
Yardley is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Yardley borders the Delaware River and Ewing Township, New Jersey to its east and Lower Makefield Township to its north, west, and south. The United States Post Office assigns many addresses in Lower Makefield Township the preferred city of "Yardley", although they are outside the borough. As of the 2020 census, Yardley had a population of 2,605. Yardley is part of the Delaware Valley metropolitan area.
Plains Miwok language
Plains Miwok, also known as Valley Miwok, was one of the Miwok languages spoken in central California by the Plains Miwok people.  It was spoken in the deltas of the San Joaquin and Cosumnes Rivers. Plains Miwok was once one of the most populous Miwok languages. All of the population has shifted to English.

Cosumnes River
The Cosumnes River is a river in northern California in the United States. It rises on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada and flows approximately 52.5 miles (84.5 km) into the Central Valley, emptying into the Mokelumne River in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.

The Cosumnes is one of very few rivers in the western Sierra without major dams. The Nature Conservancy's Cosumnes River Preserve is located just upstream from the Delta. Towns and cities along the Cosumnes River include Plymouth, Rancho Murieta, Sloughhouse, Wilton, Elk Grove, and Galt.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued an advisory regarding fish caught from the body of water.
Pierre Martin
Pierre Martin can refer to:

Frenchy Martin (1947–2016), French professional wrestler

Pierre Martin (cyclist) (born 1938), French cyclist

Pierre Martin (French Navy officer) (1752–1820)

Pierre Martin (politician) (1943–2023), French senator of the Somme department

Pierre Martin (engineer) (1932–1986), French spelunker who explored caves in Brazil

Buster Martin (Pierre Jean Martin, 1906–2011), claimed to be the United Kingdom's oldest employee

Pierre Martin (politician)
Pierre Martin (27 September 1943 in Moyenneville – 11 July 2023) was a French politician. A member of the Senate of France, he represented the Somme department. Martin was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He had initially been elected in 1995 and later re-elected in 2004 (later standing down in 2014).

Martin died on 11 July 2023, at the age of 79.
Magnesium in biology
Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient (i.e., element) for life and is present in every cell type in every organism. For example, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in cells, must bind to a magnesium ion in order to be biologically active. What is called ATP is often actually Mg-ATP. As such, magnesium plays a role in the stability of all polyphosphate compounds in the cells, including those associated with the synthesis of DNA and RNA.

Over 300 enzymes require the presence of magnesium ions for their catalytic action, including all enzymes utilizing or synthesizing ATP, or those that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA.

In plants, magnesium is necessary for synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis.

Proton ATPase
In the field of enzymology, a proton ATPase, or H+-ATPase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

ATP + H2O + H+in  ADP + phosphate + H+out

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and H+, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and H+.

Proton ATPases are divided into three groups as outlined below:
Jesús Arredondo Velázquez
Jesús Arredondo Velázquez (born 22 June 1964) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2006 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Querétaro.

LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LX Legislature (60th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2006, to September 1, 2009. All members of both the lower and upper houses of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2006.
How to Solve it by Computer
How to Solve it by Computer is a computer science book by R. G. Dromey, first published by Prentice-Hall in 1982.
It is occasionally used as a textbook, especially in India.

It is an introduction to the whys of algorithms and data structures.
Features of the book:

The design factors associated with problems,

The creative process behind coming up with innovative solutions for algorithms and data structures,

The line of reasoning behind the constraints, factors and the design choices made.

The very fundamental algorithms portrayed by this book are mostly presented in pseudocode and/or Pascal notation.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Saint Hermes
Saint Hermes, born in Greece, died in Rome as a martyr in 120, is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.  His name appears in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum as well as entries in the Depositio Martyrum (354).  There was a large basilica over his tomb that was built around 600 by Pope Pelagius I  and restored by Pope Adrian I.  The Catacomb of Sant'Ermete on the Salarian Way is named after him.

Via Salaria
The Via Salaria was an ancient Roman road in Italy.
It eventually ran from Rome (from Porta Salaria of the Aurelian Walls) to Castrum Truentinum (Porto d'Ascoli) on the Adriatic coast, a distance of 242 km. The road also passed through Reate (Rieti) and Asculum (Ascoli Piceno).

Strada statale 4 Via Salaria (SS4) is the modern state highway that maintains the old road's name and runs on the same path from Rome to the Adriatic Sea.
Warner Royals
The Warner Royals are the athletic teams for Warner University in Lake Wales, Florida, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Sun Conference (formerly known as the Florida Sun Conference (FSC) until after the 2007–08 school year) for most of its sports since the 1990–91 academic year; while its men's volleyball team competes in the Mid-South Conference (MSC). They are also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the South Region of the Division I level. Their rivals are the Webber Warriors.

Sun Conference
The Sun Conference (TSC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Eight of the ten full member institutions are located in Florida, with two in Georgia. The Sun Conference competes in the NAIA in all sponsored sports.
Ace Hart (comics)
Ace Hart is a fictional British Golden Age comic book superhero. He first appeared in Super Thriller Comic #6, published by Foldes Press of Edinburgh in 1948. While the character was created in-house none of the creators were credited (a common practice in the British comic industry at the time) and have yet to be identified.

Golden Age of Comic Books
The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era in the history of American comic books from 1938 to 1956. During this time, modern comic books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many well-known characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Robin, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Wonder Woman.