hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Candoluminescence
Candoluminescence is the light given off by certain materials at elevated temperatures (usually when exposed to a flame) that has an intensity at some wavelengths which can, through chemical action in flames, be higher than the blackbody emission expected from incandescence at the same temperature. The phenomenon is notable in certain transition-metal and rare-earth oxide materials (ceramics) such as zinc oxide, cerium(IV) oxide and thorium dioxide.

Thorium dioxide
Thorium dioxide (ThO2), also called thorium(IV) oxide, is a crystalline solid, often white or yellow in colour. Also known as thoria,  it is mainly a by-product of lanthanide and uranium production. Thorianite is the name of the mineralogical form of thorium dioxide. It is moderately rare and crystallizes in an isometric system. The melting point of thorium oxide is 3300 °C – the highest of all known oxides. Only a few elements (including tungsten and carbon) and a few compounds (including tantalum carbide) have higher melting points.  All thorium compounds, including the dioxide, are radioactive because there are no stable isotopes of thorium.
Fédération Gabonaise du Scoutisme
The Fédération Gabonaise du Scoutisme, the national federation of several Scouting organizations of Gabon, was founded under French Equatorial Africa in 1936, although Scouting appeared years before brought by colonists, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1971. The coeducational Fédération Gabonaise du Scoutisme has 3,809 members as of 2008.

There are three Scout Associations that make up the Scout Federation. They are Scouts et Guides Catholiques du Gabon (Catholic Scouts and Guides of Gabon), Eclaireuses-Eclaireurs du Gabon (Scouts and Guides of Gabon) and Eclaireurs et Eclaireuses Unionistes du Gabon (Protestant Scouts and Guides of Gabon).

Scouting in Gabon is involved in public service in cooperation with sports and cultural organizations. Tree planting campaigns have been carried out as well as projects to improve some public areas.

French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa (French: Afrique équatoriale française, or  AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzaville.
Sandro Platzgummer
Sandro Platzgummer (born March 10, 1997) is an Austrian professional American football running back who is currently playing for the Frankfurt Galaxy in the European League of Football. He previously played for the New York Giants in the NFL. In Europe he originally played for the AFL team of the Swarco Raiders Tirol and the Austria national American football team.

European League of Football
The European League of Football (ELF) is a professional American football league based in Europe, continuing some team names of the former NFL Europe. The ELF played its first season in 2021, and has 16 teams as of the 2025 season. Teams are located in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Spain, and Switzerland with plans to expand.
2009 K3 League
The 2009 K3 League, also known as Daum K3 League 2009, was the third season of the amateur K3 League. All clubs played home and away season, and the playoffs were not held in this year. Before the start of the season, Changwon United and Seoul Pabal withdrew from the league, but Cheongju Jikji, Icheon Citizen and Seoul FC Martyrs joined the league.

Chungbuk Cheongju FC
Chungbuk Cheongju FC (Korean: 충북 청주 FC), formerly Cheongju FC (청주 FC), is a South Korean football club based in the city of Cheongju that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. They play their home games at the Cheongju Sports Complex.
2018 Fremantle by-election
A by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Fremantle took place on Saturday 28 July 2018, following the resignation of incumbent Labor MP Josh Wilson.

In early counting, within 90 minutes of the close of polls, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's psephologist Antony Green's electoral computer had predicted Labor to retain the electorate with an increased margin. This election is notable for being the first time that a Liberal Democrats candidate was included in the two-candidate-preferred counting in an Australian federal election.

The by-election occurred on the same day as four other by-elections for the House of Representatives, colloquially known as Super Saturday.

Psephology
Psephology (/sɪˈfɒlədʒi/; from Greek ψῆφος, psephos, 'pebble') is the study of elections and voting. Psephology attempts to both forecast and explain election results. 
The term is more common in Britain and in those English-speaking communities that rely heavily on the British standard of the language.

Psephology uses historical precinct voting data, public opinion polls, campaign finance information and similar statistical data. The term was coined in 1948 by W. F. R. Hardie (1902–1990) in the United Kingdom after R. B. McCallum, a friend of Hardie's, requested a word to describe the study of elections. Its first documented usage in writing appeared in 1952.
Ten Mile Creek (North Fork Salt River tributary)
Ten Mile Creek is a stream in Macon and Shelby counties of Missouri. It is a tributary of the North Fork Salt River.

The headwaters of the stream are at 39°48′50″N 92°22′30″W﻿ / ﻿39.81389°N 92.37500°W﻿ / 39.81389; -92.37500 and the confluence with the North Fork Salt River is at 39°47′12″N 92°10′49″W﻿ / ﻿39.78667°N 92.18028°W﻿ / 39.78667; -92.18028. The source area for the stream is in eastern Macon County east of Missouri Route K between Ten Mile and Redman. The stream flows east-southeast and is impounded in western Shelby County as Daniel Boone Lake north of Clarence on U.S. Route 36. The stream passes under Missouri Route 151 below the dam and continues to the east for about five miles to its confluence with the North Fork.

Ten Mile Creek was so named on account of its length, approximately ten miles (16 km).

Shelby County, Missouri
Shelby County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,103. Its county seat is Shelbyville. The county was established on January 2, 1835, and named for Governor Isaac Shelby of Kentucky.
St John the Baptist's church, Ghent
The Church of St John the Baptist (Dutch: Sint-Jan Baptistkerk) was a Gothic Revival parish church and seat of a deanery in the Brugse Poort neighbourhood of Ghent, Belgium, an industrial area that arose as part of the city's 19th-century expansion.

The initial building, to designs by J. Van Hoecke, was completed in 1860 and collapsed in 1863. It was rebuilt to adapted designs and completed in 1866. The church was consecrated on 7 October 1866.

The interior was also Gothic Revival, with altars, choir stalls, confessionals and communion rail probably designed by Jean-Baptiste Bethune. The original murals were removed in the 1970s.

In April 1898, the parish church became the seat of a new deanery.

In 2016, the building was deconsecrated and put up for sale.

For almost 30 years, from 1888 until 1917, the parish priest was Emilius Seghers, who became the 25th bishop of Ghent. The square in front of the church is named Emilius Seghersplein in his honour.

Diocese of Ghent
The Diocese of Ghent (Latin: Dioecesis Gandavensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Belgium. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Mechelen-Brussels. The patron of the diocese is Saint Bavo of Ghent.
106 Herculis
106 Herculis is a variable star in the northern constellation Hercules. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, red-hued point of light with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of 4.96. Based on its parallax, it is estimated to lie 383 light-years (117 parsecs) away from the Sun. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of -35 km/s.

Eggleton and Tokovinin (2008) listed this as a suspected binary star system consisting of two roughly equal components. It appears as an ageing red giant with a stellar classification of M0III. This is a suspected semiregular variable star with a very small amplitude and a period of 40 days or more. Having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core, it has expanded to 44 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating around 414 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of about 3,789 K.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
A School for Greybeards
A School for Greybeards is a comedy play by the British writer Hannah Cowley that premiered on November 25, 1786. The original cast included Thomas King as Don Alexis, John Philip Kemble as Don Henry, William Parsons as Don Gasper, John Bannister as Don Sebastian, John Palmer as Don Octavio, Mary Ann Wrighten as Rachel, Ann Maria Crouch as Donna Maria, Sarah Maria Wilson as Carlota, Margaret Cuyler as Donna Clara and Elizabeth Farren as Donna Seraphina.

John Bannister (actor)
John Bannister (12 May 1760 – 7 November 1836) was an English actor and theatre manager. The principal source for his life are his own Memoirs, and as a leading performer his career is well documented.
Marios Varvoglis
Marios Varvoglis (Greek: Μάριος Βάρβογλης; 10 December 1885 – 30 July 1967) was a Greek composer.

Varvoglis was born in Brussels. He studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris and the Schola Cantorum with Leroux, Georges Caussade, d'Indy and others. He remained in Montparnasse, Paris until 1922 and he maintained close relations with artistic circles that included Casella, Ravel, Varèse and Modigliani, whose last painting was a portrait of Varvoglis. After 1920 he taught at the Athens Conservatory and he became active as a music critic and conductor. He was persecuted for his liberal political views and he was imprisoned in a British concentration camp during the Dekemvriana

He died in Athens.

Xavier Leroux
Xavier Henry Napoleón Leroux (French pronunciation: [ɡzavje ɑ̃ʁi napɔlɛn ləʁu]; 11 October 1863 – 2 February 1919) was a French composer and a teacher at the Paris Conservatory. He was married to the famous soprano Meyrianne Héglon (1867–1942).
St. Stephen's Church, Beit Jimal
The St. Stephen's Church (Hebrew: כנסיית סנט סטפן; Latin: Ecclesia S. Stephani) is a church in Beit Jimal, a Catholic monastery run by Salesian monks near Beit Shemesh in present-day Israel.

St. Stephen's is under the jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Patriarchatus Hierosolymitanus Latinorum) which was established in its modern form in 1847 by Pope Pius IX. It was built in 1930 on the ruins of a Byzantine church of the 5th century that had been discovered in 1916.

It is dedicated to the first Christian martyr, who was stoned to death in Jerusalem in 34-35 AD (Acts 6–7), and by tradition was first buried at Beit Jimal.

One of its stained glass windows bears the inscription "Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato", which is Latin meaning "It was also crucified for us under Pontius Pilate". Another inscription, on the roof, says "Pater dimitte illis", which means "Father, forgive them".

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
Stevan Walton
Stevan Walton (born 23 April 1985 in Bromsgrove) is a shooter from Redditch who won a gold medal in Commonwealth Games held from 3–14 October 2010 in Delhi, India.
He won, with Steven Scott, the men's double trap pairs event on 6 October 2010.

Walton was introduced to shooting by his godfather, who owned a shooting ground. From here he participated in county shooting and then advanced to national shooting.

Bromsgrove
Bromsgrove is a town in Worcestershire, England, about 16 miles (26 km) north-east of Worcester and 13 miles (21 km) south-west of Birmingham city centre. It had a population of 34,755 in at the 2021 census. It gives its name to the wider Bromsgrove District, of which it is the largest town and administrative centre. In the Middle Ages, it was a small market town, primarily producing cloth through the early modern period. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it became a major centre for nail making.
Exhaust mixer
In aviation, an exhaust mixer or flow mixer is a feature of many turbofan engines, where slower, colder bypass air is mixed with faster, hotter core exhaust gases, before exhausting to atmospheric pressure through a common (mixed flow) propelling nozzle.

Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an exhaust plume.

It is a major component of motor vehicle emissions (and from stationary internal combustion engines), which can also include crankcase blow-by and evaporation of unused gasoline.

Air pollution from burning fossil fuels is estimated to kill over 5 million people each year. Motor vehicle emissions are a common source of air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation of smog in some large cities.
Art in the San Francisco Bay Area
The history of art in the San Francisco Bay Area includes major contributions to contemporary art, including Abstract Expressionism. The area is known for its cross-disciplinary artists like Bruce Conner, Bruce Nauman, and Peter Voulkos as well as a large number of non-profit alternative art spaces. San Francisco Bay Area Visual Arts has undergone many permutations paralleling  innovation and hybridity in literature and theater.

Root Division
Root Division is an American arts nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization founded in 2002. It is located in San Francisco, California. They provide a gallery space for exhibition opportunities to emerging and mid-career artists. It also provides art classes, artist residencies, and art studio space.
Rancho Milpitas (Pastor)
Rancho Milpitas was a 43,281-acre (175.15 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Monterey County, California given in 1838 by governor Juan Alvarado to Ygnacio Pastor.  The grant encompassed present day Jolon.

Jolon, California
Jolon (/hoʊˈloʊn/; Spanish: Jolón; Salinan: Xolon) is a small unincorporated village in southern Monterey County, California. Jolon is located on the San Antonio River Valley, west of Salinas Valley and is entirely surrounded by  Fort Hunter Liggett.

The origins of Jolon date to 1771, when the Spanish established Mission San Antonio de Padua, under the command of Saint Junípero Serra. The town was officially founded by Californios in 1849, when Antonio Ramírez built an inn as a stop on El Camino Real.
1Malaysia
1Malaysia (pronounced One Malaysia in English and Satu Malaysia in Malay) was a political slogan coined by former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak in 2009. The Initiative aimed to promote ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance. Over time, the concept became the subject of public debate and controversy.

After the 2018 Malaysian general election, in which the long-standing Barisan Nasional's government collapsed and was defeated by Pakatan Harapan, which emerged as the new ruling government, along with the ousting of Najib, the concept was abolished and replaced with Sayangi Malaysiaku, a concept created by Mahathir Mohamad, alongside other significant changes made by his government during his premiership.

Prime Minister of Malaysia
The prime minister of Malaysia (Malay: Perdana Menteri Malaysia; Jawi: ڤردان منتري مليسيا‎) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the federal government. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints the prime minister who is a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. The prime minister is usually the leader of the party winning the most seats in a general election.

After the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, Tunku Abdul Rahman, whom was the chief minister of the Federation of Malaya at the time, became the first prime minister of Malaysia.

The current prime minister is Anwar Ibrahim, who was elected in the 2022 Malaysian general election.
Bailey Santistevan
Bailey Joseph Santistevan Sr. (4 September 1901 in Las Animas, Colorado – 15 June 1954 in Copperton, Utah) was an American baseball and football coach. His parents were John (Juan) F. Santistevan and Teresina Hartt of Taos, New Mexico. He played semi-pro baseball. While playing in Bingham Canyon, Utah he was asked to coach sports for Bingham High School and ended with a 101-82-19 football record.

He created the Eskimo Pie league before Little League was formed as noted by John Schulian in his book, Twilight of the Long-ball Gods. Bailey was featured in the July 5, 1999 Sports Illustrated article Bailey's Boys. He was inducted into the American Legion Fall of Fame where he is considered one of the most successful coaches in American Legion Baseball.

He played baseball at and graduated from Colorado State University in the early 1920s.

Bingham Canyon, Utah
Bingham Canyon was a city formerly located in southwestern Salt Lake County, Utah, United States, in a narrow canyon on the eastern face of the Oquirrh Mountains. The Bingham Canyon area boomed during the first years of the twentieth century, as rich copper deposits in the canyon began to be developed, and at its peak the city had approximately 15,000 residents. The success of the local mines eventually proved to be the town's undoing, however: by the mid-twentieth century, the huge open-pit Bingham Canyon Mine began encroaching on the land of the community, causing residents to relocate. By the 1970s, almost the entirety of the town had been devoured by the mine, and the few remaining residents voted to disincorporate and abandon the community. No trace of Bingham Canyon remains today.
Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica
Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica (AMIH) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering medical microbiology and immunology. It was established in 1954 as Acta Microbiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, changing its name to Acta Microbiologica Hungarica in 1983, and obtaining its current title in 1994. The journal is published by Akadémiai Kiadó on behalf of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The editor-in-chief is Dóra Szabó (Semmelweis University).

Semmelweis University
Semmelweis University (Hungarian: Semmelweis Egyetem, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɛmːɛlvɛjs ˈɛɟɛtɛm]) is a research-led medical school in Budapest, Hungary, founded in 1769. With six faculties and a doctoral school it covers all aspects of medical and health sciences.

The university is also the largest provider of health care services in Hungary. Most of the departments cater for the most serious cases and patients requiring complex treatment.

As the highest listed institution in Hungary in the 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Semmelweis University is ranked at #562 globally.
1899 Holy Cross football team
The 1899 Holy Cross football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent in the 1899 college football season.

In their second year under head coach Maurice Connor, the team compiled a 5–5 record. John Kenney was the team captain.

Holy Cross played its home games at two off-campus fields in Worcester, Massachusetts, the Worcester Oval and the Worcester College Grounds.

1899 college football season
The 1899 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Princeton as having been selected national champions.

Chicago, Kansas, and Sewanee went undefeated. With just 13 players, the Sewanee team, known as the "Iron Men", had a six-day road trip with five shutout wins over Texas A&M; Texas; Tulane; LSU; and Ole Miss. Sportswriter Grantland Rice called the group "the most durable football team I ever saw."
Evening Bell (film)
Evening Bell is a 1988 Chinese war film directed by Wu Ziniu. The film stars Tao Zeru, Chong Peipei, and others, and was produced in part by the August First Film Studio, a production company associated with the People's Liberation Army.

It was one of three war films Wu directed in 1988, the other two being Joyous Heroes, and its sequel Between Life and Death.

August First Film Studio
August First Film Studio, or Bayi Film Studio (Chinese: 八一电影制片厂; pinyin: Bāyī diànyǐng zhì piàn chǎng), is the only military film studio in China. Founded on August 1, 1952, it is a comprehensive film studio with the production capacity of feature films, battlefield documentaries, military education films, news documentaries, national defense scientific research films, TV dramas and other films. The unit's main business area is located in Fengtai District, Beijing, and consists of Wang Zuo Film and Television Base and Hubei Film and Television Base.
Tiffany (Image Comics)
Tiffany is a character in Todd McFarlane's Spawn comic book series. Created by Todd McFarlane and artist Tony Daniel, she first appeared in issue #44 (March 1996). Like fellow angel Angela, she is a Hellspawn hunter, whose primary target in the stories is the current Hellspawn, Al Simmons. She has a long-standing rivalry with Angela, but after Angela goes rogue, Tiffany's takes on the mission to fill her place as the top Hellspawn slayer in Heaven's army. In her first attempt to slay Spawn, she is over-zealous and is defeated in a grisly manner. Although she loses the fight, she escapes with her life, because the still inexperienced Spawn did not realize that merely destroying an angel's physical body is not enough to truly kill it. She has not appeared in the comic since.

Tony Daniel
Antonio Salvador Daniel (born 1977), known by the Anglicised professional name Tony S. Daniel or simply Tony Daniel, is an American comic book writer and artist, known for his work on various books for DC Comics, including Teen Titans, Flash: The Fastest Man Alive, and Batman and Deathstroke and Nocterra as well as many other books as well as many covers for both Marvel and DC Comics.