hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francis Rowinski
Francis Carl Rowinski (September 10, 1918 – August 4, 1990) was an American prelate and primate of the Polish National Catholic Church (PNCC). Born in Dickson City, Pennsylvania, Rowinski was ordained to the priesthood on May 17, 1939, consecrated bishop on May 9, 1959, and served as diocesan Bishop of the Western Diocese of the Polish National Catholic Church from 1959 to 1978, when he was appointed Prime Bishop of the PNCC. He was appointed Bishop Ordinary of the Buffalo-Pittsburgh Diocese of the PNCC on October 3, 1978, and retired in June, 1990.

Dickson City, Pennsylvania
Dickson City is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, 4 miles (6 km) north of Scranton. Coal mining was an important industry in the past. The borough's population peaked at 12,395 in 1930 and was 6,051 at the 2020 census.
E. H. Putley
Ernest Henry Putley (1922 – 29 November 2009) was a British scientist and prolific author. He is best known for his work on radar, the Hall Effect, and infra-red spectroscopy.

Putley was born in South London and graduated with a BSc in physics from Queen Mary College in 1942. In August 1942 he started work at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) in Malvern, which was later known as RSRE, DERA, and more recently Dstl & QinetiQ.  After the war he returned briefly to Queen Mary College to complete his PhD.

Putley retired from RSRE in 1982 but returned almost immediately as an unpaid volunteer to record the history of the military electronic developments with which he had been involved for so long.

Hall effect
electrons

flat conductor, which serves as a Hall element (Hall effect sensor)

magnet

magnetic field

power source

The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference, across an electrical conductor, that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current. Such potential difference is known as the Hall voltage. It was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879 through a study of the electromagnetic theory of James Clerk Maxwell, becoming a critical confirmation of that theory.

The Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, since its value depends on the type, number, and properties of the charge carriers that constitute the current.
Bahu Kalat District
Bahu Kalat District (Persian: بخش باهوکلات) is in Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bahu Kalat, whose population at the time of the 2016 census was 1,055 people in 221 households.

Dashtiari County
Dashtiari County (Persian: شهرستان دشتیاری) is in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Negur, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 5,670 people in 1,320 households.
Application of CFD in thermal power plants
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are used to understand complex thermal flow regimes in power plants. The thermal power plant may be divided into different subsectors and the CFD analysis applied to critical equipment/components - mainly different types of heat exchangers - which are of crucial significance for efficient and trouble free long-term operation of the plant.

Thermal efficiency
In thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency () is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as an internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, ACs etc.

For a heat engine, thermal efficiency is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; in the case of a heat pump, thermal efficiency (known as the coefficient of performance or COP) is the ratio of net heat output (for heating), or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy input (external work). The efficiency of a heat engine is fractional as the output is always less than the input while the COP of a heat pump is more than 1. These values are further restricted by the Carnot theorem.
Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries
The Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries (BOLI) is an agency in the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Oregon. It is headed by the Commissioner of Labor and Industries, a nonpartisan, statewide elective office. The term of office is four years. The current commissioner is Christina Stephenson replacing Val Hoyle who was elected to Oregon's 4th congressional district in 2022.

Christina Stephenson
Christina Erin Stephenson is an American attorney and politician from Oregon. She currently serves as the Oregon Commissioner of Labor. She previously ran as a Democrat for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives.
Isaura Nyusi
Isaura Gonçalo Ferrão Nyusi (born October 2, 1962) is a Mozambican civil servant and educator who has served as the First Lady of Mozambique 15 January 2015 until 15 January 2025, as the wife of President Filipe Nyusi.

Nyusi became the President of the Organization of Mozambican Women (OMM), the women's political arm of FRELIMO, on February 11, 2016.

Organization of Mozambican Women
The Organization of Mozambican Women (Portuguese: Organização da Mulher Moçambicana OMM) is the women's section of FRELIMO. Founded in 1973, during the Mozambican War of Independence, in recognition of women's growing roles in the conflict against Portuguese colonialism, the OMM was created as a non-military structure to promote women's education, emancipation and mobilization. Following independence in 1975, the OMM focussed on issues related to women's education, ethnic division, divorce, family planning, adultery and promiscuity, prostitution, and alcoholism. In 1990, the OMM voted to separate from FRELIMO, although shortly thereafter, the organization re-affiliated.
Ivy Kwan Arce
Ivy Kwan Arce  is a first-generation Chinese American HIV survivor, HIV/AIDS activist and artist. She is a surviving member of the People with Aids (PWA) Health Group and was part of grassroots organizations such as the Asian Pacific Islander Coalition on HIV/AIDS (APICHA) and God's Love We Deliver. Today Kwan Arce is a longstanding activist with groups such as ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power) and TAG (Treatment Action Group).

Apicha
Apicha or Apicha Community Health Center is a community health center located in New York City. Founded in 1989 as the Asian and Pacific Islander Coalition on HIV/AIDS, Apicha was initially an AIDS services organization focusing on the needs of the Asian Pacific Islander community. Around 2009, Apicha transitioned into a community health center providing care to multiple marginalized communities, eventually becoming a federally qualified health center (FQHC).
Scheherazade New
Scheherazade New, formerly Scheherazade, is a traditional Naskh styled font for Arabic script created by SIL, freely available under the Open Font License. It supports a wide range of Arabic-based writing system encoded in Unicode. The font offers two family members: regular and bold.

Scheherazade New supports Graphite and OpenType technologies for contextual shaping, ligatures, and dynamic diacritics positioning, also provides advanced rendering features including localized forms, character variants. It is licensed under the SIL Open Font License (OFL), and can be downloaded free of charge.

OpenType
OpenType is a format for scalable computer fonts. Derived from TrueType, it retains TrueType's basic structure but adds many intricate data structures for describing typographic behavior. OpenType is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

The specification germinated at Microsoft, with Adobe Systems also contributing by the time of the public announcement in 1996.

Because of wide availability and typographic flexibility, including provisions for handling the diverse behaviors of all the world's writing systems, OpenType fonts are used commonly on major computer platforms.
Noah Majestic 2022
NOAH Majestic 2022 was a two-night professional wrestling event promoted by CyberFight's sub-brand Pro Wrestling Noah. It took place on April 29 and 30, 2022, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Ryogoku Kokugikan. The event aired on CyberAgent's AbemaTV online linear television service and CyberFight's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

Tigre Uno
Tigre Uno (born April 4, 1981) is a Mexican professional wrestler. He is also best known for his time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where he is a one-time X Division Champion. Outside of the United States he is best known for his work in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), where he is a former two-time holder of the AAA Cruiserweight and AAA World Tag Team Championships and the 2011 Rey de Reyes tournament winner as Extreme Tiger. Currently is working in Japan under Pro Wrestling NOAH
Olszowa, Opole Voivodeship
Olszowa ([ɔlˈʂɔva], additional name in German: Olschowa) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujazd, within Strzelce County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its flower carpets during the Corpus Christi procession is along with other villages listed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity maintained by UNESCO.

Gmina Ujazd, Opole Voivodeship
Gmina Ujazd (German: Gemeinde Ujest) is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Strzelce County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Ujazd, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Strzelce Opolskie and 43 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 83.31 square kilometres (32.2 sq mi), and as of 2019, its total population was 6,418. Since 2006, the commune has been officially bilingual in Polish and German, as a sizable German population remained in the area after World War II.
Kompass Klub
Kompass Klub is a nightclub in the city of Ghent, Belgium that focuses primarily on the music genres techno and house. The club, which originally started as a pop-up project, moved into an old warehouse in an industrial park south of the city center in 2016. The club disposes of three rooms with a combined capacity of 1,500 people. In November 2018, Kompass Klub was chosen as the best Belgian nightclub at the Red Bull Elektropedia Awards.

In December 2020, Kompass Klub announced its closure at the current location due to the demolition of the old warehouse building. In November 2021, Kompass Klub announced its temporary reopening in the former Vynckier factory.

Industrial park
An industrial park, also known as industrial estate or trading estate, is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park can be thought of as a more heavyweight version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry.
Bill Martin (artist)
Bill Martin (January 22, 1943, South San Francisco, California — October 28, 2008, Stanford, California, age 65) was a realist and visionary artist. "Bill Martin's images possess an inexplicable compelling power," wrote Walter Hopps, the Smithsonian Institution's Curator of the 20th Century American Art Collection.

South San Francisco, California
South San Francisco is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area. The city is colloquially termed "South City". The population was 66,105 at the 2020 census.
Proctor Creek (Chattahoochee River tributary)
Proctor Creek is a 16-square mile creek in the U.S. state of Georgia, named after John Proctor, the proprietor of a local mill. It is considered a tributary to the Chattahoochee River because a tributary is a small stream that leads into a larger stream, river, or lake.

Proctor Creek begins in the English Avenue neighborhood of Atlanta and flows 9 miles until it ends in the Chattahoochee River. The creek is the only major tributary and watershed in Northwest Atlanta, providing about 70% of the city's water to the 35 neighborhoods and 60,000 people that surround it.

Clark Atlanta University
Clark Atlanta University (CAU or Clark Atlanta) is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded on September 19, 1865, as Atlanta University, the first HBCU in the United States to confer graduate degrees to African Americans.   In 1988, the school consolidated with Clark College (established 1869) to form CAU. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Oldaker
Oldaker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Oldaker (1887–1915), British gymnast

Darren Oldaker (born 1999), English footballer

Jamie Oldaker (1951–2020), American drummer, member of the country rock band The Tractors

Wilfrid Oldaker (1901–1978), English clergyman and headmaster

Wilfrid Oldaker
Wilfrid Horace Oldaker (13 June 1901 – 28 September 1978) was a clergyman of the Church of England, classical scholar, author, schoolmaster, Chaplain at Clifton College, Precentor of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, headmaster of Christ Church Cathedral School, and head of the Junior School at King's School, Canterbury.
Magapauwa
Magapauwa  is a Ward of Shailung Rural Municipality  in Dolakha District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,099 people living in 638 individual households.

Janakpur Zone
Janakpur Zone (Nepali: जनकपुर अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, reaching from the Indian border in the south to the Tibetan border in the north and Sagarmatha Zone in the east and Bagmati and Naryani Zones in the west.

The headquarters of Janakpur Zone and its main city was Janakpur. Close to the Indian border, it is a historic city of Hinduism. The city is believed to have been the capital city of King Janaka, the father-in-law of Lord Rama, the son of the then king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha. The city was then called 'Mithila Nagari'. The name of Janakpur zone is related to the historic King Janaka and his capital Janakpur.

Other cities within Janakpur Zone are Kamalamai (in Inner Terai), Manthali (in Hill), Bhimeshwor (in Himalaya) and Bardibas, Dhalkebar, Jaleshwor, Malangwa, Hariwan, Lalbandi, Gaushala Bazar and Matihani (Outer Terai).
Redcar (UK Parliament constituency)
Redcar is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Anna Turley, of the Labour and Co-operative parties. She previously represented the constituency between 2015 and 2019, when she was defeated by Conservative Jacob Young.

Saltburn-by-the-Sea
Saltburn-by-the-Sea, commonly referred to as Saltburn, is a seaside town in the civil parish of Saltburn, Marske and New Marske, in the Redcar and Cleveland unitary authority, North Yorkshire, England. It lies 12 miles (19 km) south-east of Hartlepool and 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Redcar, within the historic boundaries of the North Riding of Yorkshire and on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath.

The development of Saltburn was driven by the discovery of ironstone in the Cleveland Hills and building of railways to transport the minerals.
Li Tong (hurdler)
Li Tong (李彤, born 6 May 1967) is a Chinese former hurdler who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics and in the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Running for Washington State, he was the 1990-1 NCAA Indoor Champion for 55 meter hurdles.

60 meter hurdles at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 60 meter hurdles, 55 meter hurdles, or their imperial 60 yard hurdles equivalent, often called the "high hurdles", has been contested at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships since its founding in 1965. The 60 yard hurdles was contested until 1983, 55 meters from 1984 to 1998, and the 60 meters has been run since 1999. Hand timing was used until 1975, while starting in 1976 fully automatic timing was used.
Trefdraeth
Trefdraeth is a hamlet in Anglesey, Wales, within the community of Bodorgan about 5 miles (8 km) southwest of the county town of Llangefni. Until 1984 Trefdraeth was its own community.

Trefdraeth's Church in Wales parish church of St Beuno dates from the 13th century.

Glantraeth Football Club play their home games in Trefdraeth. They are the only club on Anglesey to have won a Cymru Alliance league and cup double, the second tier of Welsh football.

Llangefni
Llangefni (Welsh for 'church on the river Cefni'; Welsh pronunciation: [ɬaŋˈɡɛvni]) is the county town of Anglesey in Wales. At the 2011 census, Llangefni's population was 5,116, making it the second-largest town in the county and the largest on the island. The community includes the village of Rhosmeirch. In 2022, population was 7,039 people.
Bidoup Núi Bà National Park
Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (Vietnamese language: Vườn quốc gia Bidoup Núi Bà ) is a national park in districts of Đam Rông and Lạc Dương, in the  province of Lâm Đồng, Vietnam.

The Bidoup Nui Ba national Park was established in 2004 and is named after the two highest peaks of the Langbiang plateau: Bidoup (2,287m) and Nui Ba (2,167m). With a total area of 70,038 ha, the park ranks as one of five largest national parks in Vietnam.

Lâm Đồng province
Lâm Đồng is a province of Vietnam located in the south of the Central Highlands. It borders Khánh Hòa to the east, Đồng Nai and Hồ Chí Minh City to the southwest, the South China Sea to the southeast, Đắk Lắk to the north, and Cambodia to the northwest.

The three highest plateaus of the Central Highlands: Lâm Viên, Di Linh, and Bảo Lộc (formerly known as B'Lao), are located in Lâm Đồng province at an elevation of 1,500 meters above sea level. The provincial capital, Đà Lạt City, is situated 300 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City, 658 km south of Đà Nẵng, and 1,414 km from the capital, Hanoi, via National Route 1. In 2010, Lâm Đồng became the first province in the Central Highlands to have two provincial-level cities: Đà Lạt and Bảo Lộc.

The economy is based largely on agriculture, with tea, coffee and vegetables being the main agricultural products. Lâm Đồng attracted 8,65 million tourists in 2023.
David Kolehmainen
David "Tatu" Kolehmainen (10 September 1885 – 7 April 1918) was a Finnish wrestler. He competed in the lightweight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

During the Finnish Civil War, Kolehmainen fought for the Red Guards and was killed in action at the Battle of Tampere.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
Chlorite dismutase
Chlorite dismutase, also known as Chlorite O2-lyase (EC 1.13.11.49), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ClO−2  →  Cl− + O2

Reactions that generate oxygen molecules are exceedingly rare in biology and difficult to mimic synthetically. Perchlorate-respiring bacteria enzymatically detoxify chlorite (ClO−2), the end product of the perchlorate (ClO−4) respiratory pathway, by converting it to dioxygen (O2) and chloride (Cl−). Chlorite dismutase is a hemoprotein, but it bears no structural or sequence relationships with known peroxidases or other heme proteins, and is part of a large family of proteins with more than one biochemical function.

Chlorite
The chlorite ion, or chlorine dioxide anion, is the halite with the chemical formula of ClO−2. A chlorite (compound) is a compound that contains this group, with chlorine in the oxidation state of +3. Chlorites are also known as salts of chlorous acid.
Helle Nielsen (badminton)
Helle Nielsen (born 20 July 1981) is a Danish badminton player. In 1999, she won a silver and two bronzes at the European Junior Badminton Championships in Glasgow, Scotland in the girls doubles, mixed doubles and mixed team respectively.
In 2008, she won the bronze medal at the European Championships in mixed doubles with Carsten Mogensen.

European Junior Badminton Championships
The European Junior Badminton Championships is a tournament organized by the Badminton Europe (BE) since 1969, and is held once every two years to crown the best junior badminton players in Europe. Team events were added to the program since the 1975 edition in Copenhagen, Denmark.
71 Ophiuchi
71 Ophiuchi is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Ophiuchus. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, yellow-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.64. The star is located approximately 273 light years away from the Sun based on parallax, and is moving closer with a radial velocity of −3 km/s.

At the estimated age of 400 million years, this is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of G8III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and expanded to around 13 times the Sun's radius. It is a red clump giant, which means it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has 2.9 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 89 times the Sun's luminosity from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,001 K.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Whittlesford - Thriplow Hummocky Fields
Whittlesford - Thriplow Hummocky Fields is a 55.6-hectare (137-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Whittlesford and Thriplow in Cambridgeshire, England. 
This site has two unusual species: the nationally rare grass-poly, which is only found in south Cambridgeshire on the British mainland, and the nationally uncommon fairy shrimp Chirocephalus diaphanus. They are found in shallow hollows in arable fields, which are the result of ice lenses melting at the end of the last ice age. There are also uncommon liverworts.

Anostraca
Anostraca is one of the four orders of crustaceans in the class Branchiopoda; its members are referred to as fairy shrimp. They live in vernal pools and hypersaline lakes across the world, and they have even been found in deserts, ice-covered mountain lakes, and Antarctic ice. They are usually 6–25 mm (0.24–0.98 in) long (exceptionally up to 170 mm or 6.7 in). Most species have 20 body segments, bearing 11 pairs of leaf-like phyllopodia (swimming legs), and the body lacks a carapace. They swim "upside-down" and feed by filtering organic particles from the water or by scraping algae from surfaces, with the exception of Branchinecta gigas, or "giant fairy shrimp", which is itself a predator of other species of anostracans. They are an important food for many birds and fish, and some are cultured and harvested for use as fish food. There are 300 species spread across 8 families.