hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby
William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby (1561 – 29 September 1642) was an English nobleman and politician. Stanley inherited a prominent social position that was both dangerous and unstable, as his mother was heir to Queen Elizabeth I under the Third Succession Act, a position inherited in 1596 by his deceased brother's oldest daughter, Anne, two years after William had inherited the Earldom from his brother. After a period of European travel in his youth, a long legal battle eventually consolidated his social position. Nevertheless, he was careful to remain circumspect in national politics, devoting himself to administration and cultural projects, including playwriting.

His own literary works are lost or unidentified, but in the 1890s he was put forward as one of the contenders to be the true author of the works of William Shakespeare, according to some proponents of the Shakespeare authorship question.

Shakespeare's sonnets
William Shakespeare (c. 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) wrote sonnets on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. However, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays Romeo and Juliet, Henry V and Love's Labour's Lost. There is also a partial sonnet found in the play Edward III.
Pauline Philip
Pauline Mary Philip, DBE, is a former nurse and an executive in the National Health Service in the UK.

She became the Chief Executive of Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in 2010. She previously worked for the World Health Organization. She was made an Honorary Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2017 Special Honours.

Philip was appointed the national urgent and emergency care lead by NHS England in 2016. In 2016 the Health Service Journal named her as the fifth most influential Chief Executive in the English National Health Service.

She has provided national leadership to ensure the delivery of the urgent and emergency care review and associated elements of the Five Year Forward View.

In 2023, she was appointed (with Professor Deirdre Kelly CBE) to join the Board of Directors of Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust.

From 2022 to 2024 Philip was Chair of Lifebox, the charity founded with Atul Gawande.

Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust was an NHS foundation trust which ran Luton and Dunstable University Hospital. The trust acquired Bedford Hospital NHS Trust on 1 April 2020, forming Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
Swift River (Ware River tributary)
The Swift River is a river in Massachusetts, United States. It has an east branch, a west branch, and a middle branch. It is a tributary of the Ware River. Part of it is dammed in the Swift River Valley to form the Quabbin Reservoir serving Boston and Eastern Massachusetts. Several towns were lost when the reservoir was constructed and filled.

Swift River Reservation is located along the east branch.

The former Academy at Swift River was located in Plainfield, Massachusetts. It is now a drug addiction treatment facility.

Letting Swift River Go, a picture book by Jane Yolen with watercolor illustrations by Barbara Cooney, describes the flooding of the valley to create the reservoir.

Plainfield, Massachusetts
Plainfield is a town on the northwestern edge of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States, about 25 miles east of Pittsfield and 30 miles northwest of Northampton.  The population was 633 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1927 Australian Championships – Men's doubles
The first-seeds Jack Hawkes and Gerald Patterson successfully defended their title by defeating Ian McInnes and Pat O'Hara Wood 8–6, 6–1, 6–2 in the final, to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships.

Gerald Patterson
Gerald Leighton Patterson MC (17 December 1895 – 13 June 1967) was an Australian tennis player.

Patterson was active in the decade following World War I. During his career he won three Grand Slam tournaments in the singles event as well as six titles in the doubles competition and one title in mixed doubles. He was born in Melbourne, educated at Scotch College and Trinity Grammar School and died in Melbourne on 13 June 1967. He was the co-World No. 1 player for 1919 along with Bill Johnston.
Love to Hate You
"Love to Hate You" is a song by English synth-pop duo Erasure, released in September 1991 as the second single from their fifth studio album, Chorus (1991). Written by band members Vince Clarke and Andy Bell, it is an electronic dance track inspired by disco music. The synthesizer melody in the chorus is an interpolation of the string break from American singer Gloria Gaynor's disco-era classic "I Will Survive". The duo also recorded a Spanish version of the song, called "Amor y Odio" (Love and Hatred), and one in Italian called "Amo Odiarti". The single was released by Mute Records in the UK and Sire Records in the US. It peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart and became a top-10 hit in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, and Sweden. Its music video was directed by David Mallet and filmed in London's Leadenhall Market.

Interpolation (popular music)
In popular music, interpolation (also called a replayed sample) refers to using a melody—or portions of a melody (often with modified lyrics)—from a previously recorded song but re-recording the melody instead of directly sampling it. Interpolation is often cited as a legal defence to mask unlicensed sampling when the artist or label who owns the recording of the music declines to license the sample, or if licensing the piece of music is considered too costly.
Umvoti Local Municipality elections
The Umvoti Local Municipality council consists of twenty-seven members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Fourteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in fourteen wards, while the remaining thirteen are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received.

In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of fifteen seats on the council. The party lost its majority in the election of 1 November 2021, obtaining a plurality of ten.

Ward (South Africa)
In South Africa, wards are geopolitical subdivisions of municipalities used for electoral purposes. Each metropolitan and local municipality is delimited by the Municipal Demarcation Board into half as many wards as there are seats on the municipal council (rounding up if there are an odd number of seats). Each ward then elects one councillor directly, and the remaining councillors are elected from party lists so that the overall party representation is proportional to the proportion of votes received by each party.

After the 2021 municipal elections, there are 4,468 wards in South Africa.
2022 in the sport of athletics
2022 in athletics was a year highlighted by an unusual number of significant athletics events. The delayed 2020 Olympic program led to the 2021 World Athletics Championships being rearranged for 2022, while events normally held in the middle years of Olympic cycles, such as the Commonwealth Games athletics program and the various continental championships (e.g. the 2022 European Athletics Championships) were also held, meaning significant numbers of athletes had several peaks in quick succession, particularly Canadian, British, Australian, Kenyan and South African athletes.

Lauren Bruce
Lauren Bruce (born 23 March 1997) is a New Zealand hammer thrower who has been selected to represent her country at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Between 20 September 2020 and 26 March 2021 Bruce held the Oceania Record in the hammer throw with her personal best distance of 73.47m.  Bruce took the record from, and then lost the record to, fellow New Zealander Julia Ratcliffe.
Geography of Melbourne
Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria, Australia, is situated on the southeastern fringe of the Australian landmass and in the southern central part of the state. Melbourne covers an urbanised area (generally excluding nearby rural areas) of approximately 2,453 km2–larger than that of Sydney, Greater London and Mexico City, with population density roughly around 16 people per hectare on average.

The city and metropolitan areas of Melbourne extend along the lower stretches of the Yarra River. Towards eastern Melbourne is the low-lying mountain ranges known as Dandenong Ranges, 35 km east of the city.

Portsea, Victoria
Portsea is a seaside suburb on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Portsea recorded a population of 787 at the 2021 census.

Portsea is located on the opposite side of Port Phillip Bay. The suburb is located on the bay itself, but the locality boundaries stretch as far west as Point Nepean and incorporate a section of Bass Strait coastline. Portsea is the westernmost town on the Mornington Peninsula, and lies adjacent to Sorrento. It has one of the highest average incomes in Australia.
Published Price to Dealer
In the music industry, the Published Price to Dealer (PPD) is the wholesale unit price of a recorded work.  It is often used in recording industry contracts as a basic figure for defining royalty shares. Compare Suggested Retail List Price (SRLP).

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
2021 Asia Rugby Sevens Series
The 2021 Asia Rugby Sevens Series was a rugby sevens tournament held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in late November 2021. Following the cancellation of the 2020 series due to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was the twelfth edition of Asia's continental sevens circuit. The event acted as a qualifier for the 2022 World Rugby Sevens Challenger Series in Chile and the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in South Africa. Hong Kong and South Korea qualified for both events.

Incheon, Huizhou and Colombo were originally scheduled as legs of the 2021 series, but all were eventually cancelled due to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and replaced by two events in the United Arab Emirates. This was eventually changed again to a single sevens event held in Dubai.

2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens
The 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens was the eighth and final edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens organised by World Rugby.  The 2022 tournament, comprising 24 men's and 16 women's teams as previously, was played over three days in one venue in September. It took place at the Cape Town Stadium in Cape Town, South Africa between 9 and 11 September 2022. It was the first Rugby World Cup Sevens in Africa. The dates were chosen to take into account in the Commonwealth Games tournament which took place in July the same year.
Irina Armstrong
Irina Armstrong (Russian: Ирина Армстронг) née Loginova (born 6 December 1970) is a Russian-born German professional darts player who currently plays in the World Darts Federation (WDF) events. Her biggest achievement to date was advanced to semi-finals in the 2011 BDO World Darts Championship. She is a gold medalist in pairs competitions during the WDF World Cup and WDF Europe Cup.

World Darts Federation
The World Darts Federation (WDF) is a sport governing body and (along with the PDC) a tournament organiser for the game of darts. It was formed in 1974 by representatives of the original fourteen founding members. Membership is open to the national organising body for darts in all nations. The WDF encourages the promotion of the sport of darts among and between those bodies, in an effort to gain international recognition for darts as a major sport. The WDF was a full member of Global Association of International Sports Federations, which was the governing body for international sports federations, until dissolution in 2023.
James L. Cox
James L. Cox (born 24 December 1942, Fair Oaks, AR) is an American cardiothoracic surgeon and medical innovator best known for the development of the Cox maze procedure for treatment of atrial fibrillation in 1987.

Fair Oaks, Arkansas
Fair Oaks (also Fairoaks and Fair Oakes) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Cross County, Arkansas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 55.
Eviction mediation
Eviction mediation describes a mediation process between tenants and landlords before or during eviction proceedings as a means of eviction diversion. These processes can be implemented on a voluntary or involuntary basis, typically by court systems or nonprofits. Mediation does not guarantee equal representation in court, unlike tenant right to counsel (TRTC) programs. Mediators must remain impartial, cannot provide legal counsel, and cannot give advice in pursuing counterclaims.

Counterclaim
In a court of law, a party's claim is a counterclaim if one party asserts claims in response to the claims of another.  In other words, if a plaintiff initiates a lawsuit and a defendant responds to the lawsuit with claims of their own against the plaintiff, the defendant's claims are "counterclaims."

Examples of counterclaims include:

After a bank has sued a customer for an unpaid debt, the customer counterclaims (sues back) against the bank for fraud in procuring the debt.  The court will sort out the different claims in one lawsuit (unless the claims are severed).

Two cars collide. After one person sues for damage to his/her car and personal injuries, the defendant counterclaims for similar property damage and personal injury claims.
Aldo Colombini
Aldo Colombini (19 March 1951 – 12 February 2014) was an Italian-born magician, lecturer, author and media producer.  At the time of his death he was married to Rachel Colombini (previously known as Rachel Wild, Rachel Fenton and Rachel Jones), also a magician.  Rachel died circa 2018, after rumors of her death circulated on the internet in 2017.  When he first moved to the United States (from his native Modena, Italy) in 1993, he spoke no English. He created and marketed hundreds of magic tricks, along with numerous books and instructional videos on the topic of magic. He wrote a long-running column for The Linking Ring magazine, entitled, "As Always, Aldo".

The Linking Ring
The Linking Ring is a monthly print magic magazine published by the International Brotherhood of Magicians (IBM) for its members since 1922. It is based in Bluffton, Ohio. In 2007, Samuel Patrick Smith, a magician, author and publisher based in Eustis, Florida, became executive editor of the magazine.
Jewish dairy restaurant
A Jewish or Kosher dairy restaurant, dairy lunchroom, dairy deli, or in Yiddish milchig restaurant, is a type of kosher restaurant that does not serve meat under Jewish dietary laws, meaning eggs, dairy, and fish are permitted. Under this understanding of meat, the restaurants are thought of as and are nominally vegetarian. These restaurants are typically luncheonettes or diners that serve Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, particularly American Jewish cuisine and the cuisine of New York City.

Descending from European "milk pavilions" and "dairy cafes," dairy restaurants were widespread in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States, patronized by health- and cost-conscious customers, particularly immigrant families. They were important to the Jewish diaspora prior to their decline and modernization.

Lunch counter
A lunch counter or luncheonette is a small restaurant, similar to a diner, where the patron sits on a stool on one side of the counter and the server serves food from the opposite side of the counter, where the kitchen or food preparation area is located. As the name suggests, they were primarily used for the lunch meal. Lunch counters were once commonly located inside variety stores (also known as "five and dimes", "five and tens", or "dimestores"), pharmacies, and department stores in the United States throughout the 20th century. The intent of the lunch counter in a store was to profit from serving hungry shoppers, and to attract people to the store so that they might buy merchandise.
Extravaganza (song)
"Extravaganza" is a song by American R&B singer and actor Jamie Foxx, taken from his second album Unpredictable (2005). It features rapper Kanye West. The song, written by Foxx and Mike City, peaked at number 52 on US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in October 2005. It also peaked at number 43 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming his first charting single on the chart as lead artist.

Mike City
Michael Flowers, known professionally as Mike City (born December 2, 1970), is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for producing the singles "I Wish" for Carl Thomas, "Heard It All Before" for Sunshine Anderson, "Full Moon" for Brandy and "One Woman Man" for Dave Hollister. He is also known for producing "She's All I Got" performed by Jimmy Cozier.
SS Rebecca Lukens
SS Rebecca Lukens was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Rebecca Lukens, the owner and manager of the iron and steel mill which became the Lukens Steel Company of Coatesville, Pennsylvania.

She was converted in 1944 at Point Clear, Alabama into an Aircraft Repair Unit (Floating) and transferred to the Army Transport Service (ATS), after which she was renamed Major General Herbert A. Dargue, for  Herbert Dargue, a pioneering military aviator in the United States Army.

Lukens Steel Company
Lukens Steel Company, located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, is the oldest iron mill in commission within the United States.

In 1995, it was one of the three largest producers of plate steel and the largest domestic manufacturer of alloy-plate. It is ranked fourth out of 24 public steel corporations in profitability, earning 14.8% equity five years in a row. The company produces carbon, alloy, and clad steel plates along with stainless steel sheets, strips, plates, hot bands, and slabs.
Duduwa Rural Municipality
Duduwa Rural Municipality (Nepali: डुडुवा गाउँपालिका) is a Gaunpalika in Banke District in Lumbini Province of Nepal. On 12 March 2017, the government of Nepal implemented a new local administrative structure, with the implementation of the new local administrative structure, VDCs have been replaced with municipal and Village Councils. Duduwa is one of these 753 local units.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
Merkur Funicular Railway
The Merkur Funicular Railway (German: Merkurbergbahn) is a metre gauge funicular railway in the town of Baden-Baden in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The line ascends the town's Hausberg, the Merkur (668.3 m), atop which is the Merkur Tower.

The line opened in 1913 and closed in 1967. It was reopened on 27 April 1979.

The funicular has the following technical parameters:

Length: 1,192 metres (3,911 ft)

Height: 370 metres (1,214 ft)

Maximum steepness: 54%

Cars: 2

Capacity: 38 passengers per car

Track gauge: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)

Traction: Electricity

Control: Automatic

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Crown Holdings
Crown Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational packaging company headquartered in Tampa, Florida, that designs and manufactures rigid-metal packaging including aluminum beverage cans, metal food cans, aerosol cans, and specialty packaging. Founded in 1892, as the Crown Cork & Seal Company, the company is ranked No. 359 in the Fortune 500 list for 2025. As of 2024, Crown employs over 23,000 people at 189 plants in 39 countries.

Steel and tin cans
A steel can, tin can, tin (especially in British English, Australian English, Canadian English and South African English), or can is a  container made of thin metal, for distribution or storage of goods. Some cans are opened by removing the top panel with a can opener or other tool; others have covers removable by hand without a tool. Cans can store a broad variety of contents: food, beverages, oil, chemicals, etc. In a broad sense, any metal container is sometimes called a "tin can", even if it is made, for example, of aluminium.

Steel cans were traditionally made of tinplate; the tin coating stopped the contents from rusting the steel. Tinned steel is still used, especially for fruit juices and pale canned fruit. Modern cans are often made from steel lined with transparent films made from assorted plastics, instead of tin. Early cans were often soldered with high-lead solders.

Cans are highly recyclable and around 65% of steel cans are recycled.
Siah Gel, Eyvan
Siah Gel (Persian: سياه گل, also Romanized as Sīāh Gel) is a village in Kalan Rural District, Zarneh District, Eyvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 8 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
2023 Korea Open – Doubles
Marie Bouzková and Bethanie Mattek-Sands defeated Luksika Kumkhum and Peangtarn Plipuech in the final, 6–2, 6–1 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 Korea Open.

Kristina Mladenovic and Yanina Wickmayer were the reigning champions, but did not participate this year.

Peangtarn Plipuech
Peangtarn "Earth" Plipuech (Thai: เพียงธาร ผลิพืช; born 15 November 1992) is a Thai tennis player.
She has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of world No. 175, achieved on 31 July 2017. On 7 October 2024, she peaked at No. 95 in doubles.

Plipuech has won three doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour, along with seven singles and 34 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.