hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chitta Ranjan Dutta
Chitta Ranjan Dutta BU (1 January 1929 – 26 August 2020), also known as C R Dutta, was a Bangladeshi military officer and war hero who served as two star officer of the Bangladesh Army. He was a key sector commander of the Mukti Bahini during the Bangladesh Liberation War. After independence, Dutta served as inaugural commander of 72nd Independent Brigade (later ameliorated as 66th Infantry Division) and in 1972, he was made as pioneer director-general of the Bangladesh Rifles (now known as Border Guards Bangladesh).

Dutta was a prominent minority rights advocate in Bangladesh. He was also the president of the Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council.

Bir Uttom
Bir Uttom (Bengali: বীর উত্তম, lit. 'Great Valiant Hero') is the second highest award for individual gallantry in Bangladesh after the Bir Sreshtho and the highest gallantry award for living individual.

Since the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, 69 people have been awarded the Bir Uttom.
Kumaramangalam
Kumaramangalam is a village in Namakkal district in Tamil Nadu state in India.

Kumaramangalam is an ancient village near Tiruchengodu, located on a busy state highway between Erode and Namakkal. It houses many engineering, Arts and nursing colleges. In the heart of the city there is a centuries-old Paandeeswaran temple with a huge stone made pond. Kumaramangalam is a traditional Tamil village where there are numerous temples and people lives with culture and harmony. One of the pre independence chief minister of Madras presidency and freedom fighter Dr. P Subbarayan is from Kumaramangalam.

Namakkal district
Namakkal district is one of the 38 districts (an administrative district) in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was bifurcated from Salem District with Namakkal city as headquarters on 25 July 1996 and started to function independently from 1 January 1997. The district has eight taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Paramathi Velur, Senthamangalam, Kumarapalayam, Kolli Hills and Mohanur. It has two revenue divisions: Tiruchengode and Namakkal. As of 2011 census, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males and Tiruchengode is the largest city in terms of population. Namakkal district is geographically affiliated to Kongu Nadu region. The district is famous for its large poultry industry, egg production and lorry bodybuilding industry, for which it is often referred to as "Egg City" and "Transport Hub of South India".
Rad Aviation
Rad Aviation was a British aircraft manufacturer based in Kidlington. The company was formed by John Radford and specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the European microlight rules.

The company was founded in 1989 as a powered paragliding research and development enterprise, producing their first production paramotor in 1995. By 2006 they reported that they had shipped more than 450 paramotors, selling mostly in the UK and Europe, plus the Middle East. The company went out of business in about 2006.

The company focus was on very lightweight paramotors with low-powered engines. Designs produced included the Rad Arrow, MXL, RXL and the SXL Custom.

Kidlington
Kidlington is a town in the Cherwell district of Oxfordshire, England (as of the 19th February 2026). In February 2026, Kidlington Parish Council voted unanimously to change its status from a village to a town.

It is situated between the River Cherwell and Oxford Canal, 5 miles (8 km) north of Oxford and 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Bicester. It had a population of 13,600 at the 2021 Census.
Atlanta Bread Company
Atlanta Bread Company is a privately owned American chain of bakery-café fast casual restaurants with 10 locations in three states. Its headquarters are in Smyrna, Georgia, a suburb northwest of Atlanta. Offerings include bakery items, pasta, salads, sandwiches, soups, and specialty drinks.

Aside from the bakery section, Atlanta Bread has a regular menu for dine-in or takeout including: flatbreads, paninis, salads, sandwiches, side choices, and soups, as well as coffee, espresso drinks, frozen drinks, fruit smoothies, hot chocolate, iced drinks, lattes, lemonade, and tea. Despite the similar name and type of outlets, Atlanta Bread carries no relation to the American bakery-café chain Panera Bread.

Fast casual restaurant
A fast casual restaurant, found primarily in the United States, is a restaurant that does not offer full table service, but advertises higher quality food than fast-food restaurants. It is an intermediate concept between fast food and casual dining.
FEIM
The Foundation for Studies and Research on Women (FEIM) is an Argentinean non-governmental, not-for-profit organisation created in 1989 by a group of professional women specialising in gender.

Since 2006, FEIM has had Consultative Status with the United Nations.

Consultative status
The consultative status is a phrase that has been in use since the establishment of the United Nations and is used within the UN community to refer to "Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council" (see list). Also some international organizations could grant Consultative Status to NGOs (for example - Council of Europe).  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) could grant Consultative Status in the form of "Researcher-in-residence programme" (run by the Prague Office of the OSCE Secretariat): accredited representatives of national and international NGOs are granted access to all records and to numerous topical compilations related to OSCE field activities.
USS Katahdin
Two vessels of the United States Navy have been named USS Katahdin, after Mount Katahdin.

USS Katahdin (1861), was a screw gunboat commissioned in early 1862, active throughout the American Civil War, and decommissioned shortly after war's end

USS Katahdin (1893), was an ironclad ram in service from 1897 to 1909

USS Katahdin (1861)
USS Katahdin was a Unadilla-class gunboat built for the U.S. Navy during the American Civil War.

Katahdin was outfitted as a gunboat with cannon and rifled gun for blockade duty and two howitzers for shore bombardment.
Chanang
Chanang (Khmer: ចាណាង) is a Cambodian soup eaten by Kreung and other ethnic groups in Ratanakiri province. It is made with beef or pork, noodles, Senna occidentalis, bamboo shoots, baby corn, taro leaves, and ghost beans, the latter of which gives the soup its characteristic dark colour.

Taro
Taro (/ˈtɑːroʊ, ˈtær-/; Colocasia esculenta) is a root vegetable. It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, stems and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in African, Caribbean, Oceanian, East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian cultures (similar to yams).
Bournemouth Combined Court Centre
The Bournemouth Combined Court Centre, also known as Bournemouth Courts of Justice, is a Crown Court venue, which deals with criminal cases, as well as a County Court venue, which deals with civil cases, in Deansleigh Road, Bournemouth, Dorset, England.

Crown Court
The Crown Court is the criminal court of first instance in England and Wales responsible for hearing all indictable offences, some either way offences and appeals of the decisions of magistrates' courts. It is one of three Senior Courts of England and Wales.

The Crown Court sits in around 92 locations in England and Wales, divided into Circuits.  When sitting in the City of London, it is known as the Central Criminal Court or "Old Bailey".

The  Crown Court is administered by HM Courts and Tribunals Service, an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice.
Fatah Ka Fatwa
Fatah Ka Fatwa (Hindi: फ़तह का फ़तवा) was an Indian discussion show, hosted by Tarek Fatah on Hindi news channel Zee News. The 17-episode show focuses on issues relevant to Islam, such wearing the Hijab, the concept of a Kafir, Nikah mut‘ah, Nikah Halala, Islamic banking and finance, Child marriage etc. The series tries to explain various facets of the Quran as well as other theological nuggets of Islam. Asian Paints was initially the sponsor of the programme but company had to withdraw its support after an online petition was started calling Indian Muslims to boycott the brand, but later yoga guru Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali Ayurved Ltd. stepped forward to sponsor the program. Season 1 of the show ended on 6 May 2017.

Patanjali Ayurved
Patanjali Ayurved is an Indian multinational conglomerate holding company, based in Haridwar. It was founded by Ramdev and Balkrishna in 2006. Its office is in Delhi, with manufacturing units and headquarters in the industrial area of Haridwar. The company manufactures cosmetics, ayurvedic medicine, personal care and food products. The CEO of the company, with a 94-percent share hold, is Balkrishna. Ramdev represents the company and makes strategic decisions. The company has faced various controversies over its misleading promotions and false claims for COVID-19 treatment.
Lists of cities in Palestine
The following pages list cities in the Palestine:

List of cities in Palestine

List of cities in the Gaza Strip

List of Israeli settlements

Smaller settlements in the State of Palestine are governed as a municipality or as a village council.

Palestinian Village council
A Village council is a type of local government used in the Palestinian Authority localities that usually number between 800 and 3,000+ inhabitants. The village council is also known D-level municipalities. There are 355 village councils in Palestine.

Village councils could consist of three to eleven members, including a chairman, a deputy chairman and secretary. The chairman is the head of the council. Unlike municipalities, village councils do not hold elections; rather, the representatives of a village's largest clans choose a chairman who is then appointed by the Local Government Minister of the Palestinian National Authority.
Gabion
A gabion (from Italian gabbione meaning "big cage"; from Italian gabbia and Latin cavea meaning "cage") is a cage, cylinder, or cube, typically mesh, filled with solid material suitable to use in various civil engineering and military applications. Ballasts include rocks, sand, soil, used tires, and other recycled items.

Among the most common civil engineering uses are erosion control, retaining walls, and impact attenuation; in the military gabions commonly protect forward operating bases and artillery firing positions against small arms and indirect fragmentary explosives.  Applications include sleeping quarters, mess halls, checkpoints, and revetments for aircraft.

Ballast
Ballast is dense material used as a weight to provide stability to a vehicle or structure. Ballast, other than cargo, may be placed in a vehicle, often a ship or the gondola of a balloon or airship, to provide stability. A compartment within a boat, ship, submarine, or other floating structure that holds water is called a ballast tank. Water can be moved in and out from the ballast tank to balance the ship.  In a vessel that travels on the water, the ballast will be kept below the water level, to counteract the effects of weight above the water level. The ballast may be redistributed in the vessel or disposed of altogether to change its effects on the movement of the vessel.
Hancağız, Nizip
Hancağız, also known as Kıbışoğlu, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nizip, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Turkmens of the Barak tribe and had a population of 135 in 2022.

Barak (tribe)
Barak, commonly referred to as Barak Turkmens (Turkish: Barak Türkmenleri), is a Turkoman tribe that mainly originates in the Barak Plain (Turkish: Barak Ovası) in the southeastern portion of the province of Gaziantep in south-central Turkey.
Anawilundawa Sanctuary
Anawilundawa Sanctuary, also known as the Annaiwilundawa Tanks Sanctuary, is located in the west of Sri Lanka in the Puttalam District, internationally important wintering ground for migratory water birds in Sri Lanka. This site covers an area of 1,397 ha (3,450 acres). The region was designated as a wildlife sanctuary by the Department of Wildlife Conservation on 11 June 1997 under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance. On 3 August 2001, it was selected as the second Ramsar wetland in Sri Lanka after Bundala National Park.

The area is renowned for rich biodiversity, cultural heritage and sustenance of local livelihood. The wetland is serving as a major feeding ground for migratory birds and home for unique blend of endemic and native flora and fauna.

Puttalam District
Puttalam is a district of Sri Lanka situated near the west coast of the country. The district has an area of 3,072 km2 (1,186 mi2). Along with the Kurunegala District, it forms the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. The district capital is Puttalam, which borders the Kala Oya and Modaragam Aru in the north, Anuradhapura District and Kurunegala District in the east, Ma Oya in the south, and the Indian Ocean in the west. Puttalam has lagoons, popular for shallow sea fishing and prawn farming activities.
Anderson Hall (Maryville College)
Anderson Hall, built in 1870, is the oldest building on the campus of Maryville College, Maryville, Tennessee, named for college founder Isaac L. Anderson.

Anderson Hall is a brick building designed in the Second Empire style by architect Benjamin Fahnestock. Funds for its construction were contributed by the Freedmen's Bureau, Pittsburgh businessman William Thaw, and John C. Baldwin of New York.

Originally the college's only building, Anderson Hall is currently used as a classroom building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Extensive renovations were started in 2008.

The bell tower of Anderson Hall is depicted in the college's logo.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
Foreigners and Borders Service
The Foreigners and Borders Service - SEF (Portuguese: Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras) was the  police service integrated into the Ministry of Internal Affairs, whose mission was to enforce immigration and asylum in Portugal, in accordance with the provisions of constitutional, legal and governmental guidelines.

Among other duties, the SEF was the agency responsible for border control and the issuing of residence permits to foreign nationals legally residing in Portugal.

This police force was dissolved in October 2023, splitting its duties between the National Unit for Foreigners and Borders subordinated to the PSP (the Portuguese national civilian police force), the National Republican Guard (the country's Gendarmerie force), the Institute of Registries and Notary and the Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum

Interior ministry
An interior ministry or ministry of the interior (also called ministry of home affairs or ministry of internal affairs) is a government department that is responsible for domestic policy, public security and law enforcement.

In some states, the interior ministry is entrusted with the functions of ensuring national security, immigration issues and protecting places of detention.

Structurally, an interior ministry is part of the highest bodies of executive power and reports directly to the head of government. In states with a federal structure, the ministry often has branches at the level of states or federal subjects.
Dharmakīrtiśrī
Dharmakīrtiśrī (Tibetan: Serlingpa; Wylie: gser gling pa; Chinese: 金州大師, literally "from Suvarnadvīpa"), also known as Kulānta and Suvarṇadvipi Dharmakīrti, was a renowned 10th century Buddhist teacher. His name refers to the region he lived, somewhere in Lower Burma, the Malay Peninsula or Sumatra.

Dharmakīrtiśrī was the teacher of a number of important late Mahayana Buddhist thinkers, including Ratnākaraśānti (fl. c. 970–1045), Atiśa, Jñānaśrīmitra and Ratnakīrti (both fl. late 10–early 11th c.).

Dharmakīrtiśrī is the author of the Durbodhālokā (Light on the Hard-to-Illuminate), a sub-commentary to the Abhisamayālaṃkāra-śāstra-vṛtti of Haribhadra. A Sanskrit manuscript of this work was discovered in the 20th century at Sakya Monastery.

Ratnakīrti
Ratnakīrti (11th century CE) was an Indian Buddhist philosopher of the Yogācāra and epistemological (pramāṇavāda) schools who wrote on logic, philosophy of mind and epistemology. Ratnakīrti studied at the Vikramaśīla monastery in modern-day Bihar. He was a pupil of Jñānaśrīmitra, and Ratnakīrti refers to Jñānaśrīmitra in his work as his guru with phrases such as yad āhur guravaḥ.

Ratnakīrti's work has been termed as "more concise and logical though not so poetical" compared to that of his teacher, although he does build on much of Jñānaśrīmitra's work.
Christine Sagen Helgø
Christine Sagen Helgø (born 27 March 1968 in Holmestrand, Norway) is a Norwegian politician of the Conservative Party who served as mayor of Stavanger from 2011 to 2019. Sagen Helgø has seen twelve years of Stavanger's politics, the last eight years as group leader of the Stavanger Conservative Party. In 2011, she replaced the former mayor of the same party, Leif Johan Sevland, who held the title for sixteen years.

Holmestrand
Holmestrandⓘ is a town in Holmestrand Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. It is located along the shore of the Ytre Oslofjord, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of the town of Horten and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the village of Sande i Vestfold. The large town of Drammen lies about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the north.

The 4.52-square-kilometre (1,120-acre) town has a population (2024) of 8,258 and a population density of 1,826 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,730/sq mi).
Air Mail (film)
Air Mail is a 1932 American pre-Code adventure film directed by John Ford, based on a story by Dale Van Every and Frank "Spig" Wead. The film stars Ralph Bellamy, Pat O'Brien and Gloria Stuart. A copy is preserved in the Library of Congress.

Ralph Bellamy
Ralph Rexford Bellamy (June 17, 1904 – November 29, 1991) was an American actor whose career spanned 65 years on stage, film, and television. During his career, he played leading roles as well as supporting roles, garnering acclaim and awards, including a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for Sunrise at Campobello as well as Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination for The Awful Truth (1937). In 1986, Bellamy was awarded with an Academy Honorary Award.

He gained prominence for his roles in Boy Meets Girl (1938), His Girl Friday (1940), Flight Angels (1940), The Wolf Man (1941), and Sunrise at Campobello (1960). He is also known for his later roles in Rosemary's Baby (1968), Oh, God! (1977), Trading Places (1983), and Pretty Woman (1990).
German submarine U-512
German submarine U-512 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Although she was short-lived, U-512 was quite a successful boat, making full use of the time she enjoyed in the entrance to the Caribbean Sea, during the Second Happy Time. She was commanded by Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Schultze, an admiral's son and previously training captain of U-17.

The Deutsche Werft shipyard in Hamburg built her during 1941, she was completed in December, ready for her working-up period in the Baltic Sea to train her crew and iron out any engineering problems. Following this, she was detailed to cross the Atlantic Ocean and operate off the northern coast of South America in order to catch unescorted Allied shipping heading for or leaving the Panama Canal.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Statutes of uncertain date
The statutes of uncertain date, also known as statuta incerti temporis or Certain Statutes made during the Reigns of K. Henry 3. K. Edward 1. or K. Edward 2. but uncertain when or in which of their times, are English statutes dating from the reigns of Henry III, Edward I or Edward II, and frequently listed in the statute books at the end of the reign of Edward II.

Statute Law Revision Act 1887
The Statute Law Revision Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 59) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that repealed for the United Kingdom enactments from 1275 to 1822 which had ceased to be in force or had become necessary. The act was intended, in particular, to facilitate the preparation of the new edition of the revised edition of the statutes, then in progress.
Namrata Brar
Namrata Brar is an Indian-American journalist, investigative reporter and news anchor. She is the former US Bureau Chief for NDTV. Brar is the great-grand-niece of noted Hungarian-Indian painter  Amrita Sher-Gil.
She has covered 2016 United States presidential election and was involved in a diplomatic incident between Pakistan and India during a press conference held in the United States by the Pakistani Foreign Secretary.

Press conference
A press conference, also called news conference or press briefing, is a media event in which notable individuals or organizations invite journalists to hear them speak and ask questions. Press conferences are often held by politicians, corporations, non-governmental organizations, and organizers for newsworthy events.
War of Nerves (M*A*S*H)
"War of Nerves" is an episode from the TV series M*A*S*H, the fourth episode of its sixth season. Originally airing on October 11, 1977, with a rebroadcast on June 5, 1978 (which saw CBS move the show to Mondays at 9 p.m.), it was written and directed by Alan Alda.

Peter Riegert
Peter Riegert (/riːɡɜːrt/ REE-gert; born April 11, 1947) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Donald "Boon" Schoenstein in Animal House (1978), oil company executive "Mac" MacIntyre in Local Hero (1983), pickle store owner Sam Posner in Crossing Delancey (1988) and Lt. Mitch Kellaway in The Mask (1994). He directed the short film By Courier (2000), for which he was nominated along with producer Ericka Frederick for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film.

On television, Riegert had a recurring role as crooked Newark Assemblyman and later State Senator Ronald Zellman in seasons three and four of the HBO series The Sopranos (2001–2002), appeared as George Moore in the first season of the FX series Damages (2007), and portrayed Seth Green's father in the comedy series Dads (2013–2014). He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his performance in the HBO film Barbarians at the Gate in 1993.