hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nivation
Nivation is the set of geomorphic processes associated with snow patches. The primary processes are mass wasting and the freeze-and-thaw cycle, in which fallen snow gets compacted into firn or névé. The importance of the processes covered by the term nivation with regard to the development of periglacial landscapes has been questioned by scholars, and the use of the term is discouraged.

Nivation has come to include various subprocesses related to snow patches which may be immobile or semi-permanent. These sub-processes include erosion (if any) or initiation of erosion, weathering, and meltwater flow from beneath the snow patch.

Weathered particles are moved downslope by creep, solifluction and rill wash. Over time, this leads to the formation of nivation hollows which, when enlarged, can be the beginnings of a cirque.

Meltwater
Meltwater (or melt water) is water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. Meltwater is often found during early spring when snow packs and frozen rivers melt with rising temperatures, and in the ablation zone of glaciers where the rate of snow cover is reducing. Meltwater can be produced during volcanic eruptions, in a similar way in which the more dangerous lahars form. It can also be produced by the heat generated by the flow itself.

When meltwater pools on the surface rather than flowing, it forms melt ponds. As the weather gets colder, meltwater will often re-freeze. Meltwater can also collect or melt under the ice's surface. These pools of water, known as subglacial lakes, can form due to geothermal heat and friction. Melt ponds may also form above and below Arctic sea ice, decreasing its albedo and causing the formation of thin underwater ice layers or false bottoms.
Jūkei Fujioka
Jūkei Fujioka (藤岡 重慶, Fujioka Jūkei; 19 November 1933 – 23 July 1991) was a Japanese actor. He is known as an actor who often played villains, but is famous for playing the role of detective Daisaku Tani in the detective drama Seibu Keisatsu.

Fujioka started his acting career at the Haiyuza Theatre Company. His film debut was in the 1961 film A New Wind Over the Mountain Pass directed by Seijun Suzuki. Following year, he signed his contract with Nikkatsu film company.

In May 1991, while performing at the New Kabukiza in Osaka, he complained of poor health and was hospitalized at Kitasato University East Hospital in Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Prefecture. At 7:06 a.m. on July 23 of the same year, he died due to intracerebral hemorrhage (died at the age of 57).

Nikkatsu
Nikkatsu Corporation (日活株式会社, Nikkatsu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese film studio located in Bunkyō. The name Nikkatsu amalgamates the words Nippon Katsudō Shashin, literally "Japan Motion Pictures".

Shareholders are Nippon Television Holdings (35%) and SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation (28.4%).
Soldier (The Salvation Army)
A soldier is a Salvationist who is at least 14 years of age and has, with the approval of The Salvation Army Pastoral Care Council in each local Salvation Army corps (formerly called the Census Board), been enrolled as a warrior in the Christian denomination called The Salvation Army – after signing the Soldier's Covenant (see Salvation Army Articles of War).  The soldier expresses his or her commitment in every area of life, but more specifically through the ministry and work of a local Salvation Army corps.

Religious denomination
A religious denomination is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name and tradition, among other activities.
The term refers to the various Christian denominations (for example, non-Chalcedonian, Eastern Orthodox, Catholic, and the branches of Protestantism, such as Lutheranism). It is also used to describe the five major branches of Judaism (Karaite Judaism, Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist). Within Islam, it can refer to the branches or sects (such as Sunni and Shia), as well as their various subdivisions, such as sub-sects, schools of jurisprudence, schools of theology and religious movements.

The world's largest religious denomination is Sunni Islam.
Reno Open
The Reno Open was a golf tournament on the Ben Hogan Tour that was contested from 1990 to 1991 and played at Northgate Golf Course in Reno, Nevada.

Mike Springer won the inaugural tournament.

John Flannery captured the 1991 edition of the event. He defeated Rob Boldt, Esteban Toledo and Tom Lehman in a sudden-death playoff to earn $20,000 and his first victory on the circuit. The playoff is recognized as one of the most unusual in Tour history. On the second hole, the 18th, Flannery appeared to have won before failing to mark his ball properly on the green, a two-stroke rules violation. Toledo also committed a rules violation on the green and was accessed a one-stroke penalty. Each player carded a six, forcing the playoff into the third-extra hole, where Flannery won the event.

Esteban Toledo
Esteban Toledo (born 10 September 1962) is a Mexican professional golfer, who was a member of the PGA Tour in 1994 and 1998–2004 and has also spent many years playing on the second tier Nationwide Tour (now known as Korn Ferry Tour). At present, he competes on the PGA Tour Champions.
Henry, Count of Looz
Henry (died 2 August 1218), Count of Looz and Count of Duras, son of Gérard II, Count of Looz, and Adelaide of Gelderland, daughter of Henry I, Count of Guelders, and Agnes of Arnstein, daughter of Louis III of Arnstein.

Henry was Canon of St. Lambert in Liège, Provost of the Franciscans in Maastricht, and Provost of St. Alexander in Aschaffenburg. Henry was Count of Looz for a few days in 1218, but died of poisoning.  He married Mechtild, daughter of Frederick III, Count of Vlanden.

Henry and Mechtild had one daughter:

Isabella van Loon, married Diedrick van Renesse, great-great grandfather to John III, Lord of Renesse.

He was succeeded as Count of Looz by his brother Arnold, and was the last recorded Count of Duras.

Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège
St. Lambert's Cathedral (or in full, the Cathedral of Our Lady and St. Lambert; French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Lambert) was the Roman Catholic cathedral of Liège, modern-day Belgium, until 1794, when its destruction began. This enormous Gothic cathedral, dedicated to Saint Lambert of Maastricht, occupied the site of the present Place Saint-Lambert in the centre of Liège.
Show Low Regional Airport
Show Low Regional Airport (IATA: SOW, ICAO: KSOW, FAA LID: SOW) is 2 miles (1.7 nmi; 3.2 km) east of Show Low, in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. It is used for general aviation and commercial services provided by Southern Airways Express which is subsidized by the federal government's Essential Air Service program at a cost of $1,672,000(per year). The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a non-primary commercial service airport (between 2,500 and 10,000 enplanements per year).

Southern Airways Express
Southern Airways Express is a commuter airline operating across the United States with headquarters in Addison, Texas. The majority of Southern's routes are subsidized through the Essential Air Service program by the United States Department of Transportation.

Southern Airways Express is a subsidiary of Surf Air Mobility.
Tusass
Tusass (formerly Tele-Post) is a Greenlandic postal and telecommunications company dating back to 1879. Tusass has a licensed monopoly on most telecommunications services in Greenland. The company's headquarters are located in Nuuk.

The company is divided into three business areas: postal (mail), commercial and IT services. Tusass manages the top-level domain for Greenland .gl, and owns the sea cable Greenland Connect.

Nokia Networks
Nokia Networks (formerly Nokia Solutions and Networks (NSN) and Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN)) is a Finnish multinational data networking and telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Espoo, Finland, and wholly owned subsidiary of Nokia Corporation. It started as a joint venture between Nokia of Finland and Siemens of Germany known as Nokia Siemens Networks.

Nokia Networks has operations in around 120 countries. In 2013, Nokia acquired 100% of Nokia Networks, buying all of Siemens' shares. In April 2014, the NSN name was phased out as part of a rebranding process.
Yu Kuai
Yu Kuai (Chinese: 余快; pinyin: Yú Kuài; Jyutping: Jyu4 Faai3; born 28 January 2001 in Shanghai), also known as James Yu, is a Chinese racing driver who last raced for Audi Sport Asia Team Absolute in GT World Challenge Asia.

He is the 2023 Sepang 12 Hours winner and is also an Audi Sport Asia Young Driver.

Sepang International Circuit
Sepang International Circuit (Malay: Litar Antarabangsa Sepang) (known as Petronas Sepang International Circuit for commercial reasons) is a motorsport race track in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located approximately 45-kilometre (28 mi) south of Kuala Lumpur, close to Kuala Lumpur International Airport. It hosted the Formula One Malaysian Grand Prix between 1999 and 2017, and is also the venue for the Malaysian Motorcycle Grand Prix, the Malaysia Merdeka Endurance Race, and other major motorsport events. Previously known as the Sepang F1 Circuit, it was renamed the Sepang International Circuit. On 31 October 2023, it was announced that Petronas has acquired the naming rights to the circuit for three years in an undisclosed fee.
History of Africans in Baltimore
The city of Baltimore, Maryland includes a significant African population. Immigrants from many African countries have settled in Baltimore, including Nigerians, Sudanese, South Sudanese, Liberians, Sierra Leoneans, Kenyans, Ghanaians, Cameroonians, Ethiopians, Eritreans, and Cape Verdeans. Nigerians, Ghanaians, and Ethiopians are the largest African immigrant groups residing in Baltimore. The largest concentration of African immigrants is located in northeast Baltimore. Nigerians are one of the fastest-growing immigrant groups in Maryland, with many Nigerian-Americans living in northwest Baltimore and adjacent suburbs of Baltimore County, such as Parkville, Owings Mills, and Woodlawn.

Cameroonian Americans
Cameroonian American (French: Camerouno-Américains) are an ethnic group of Americans of Cameroonian descent. According to the 2010 census, in the United States there were 16,894 Americans of Cameroonian origin. According to the 2023 American Community Survey there are 90,749 Cameroonian-born people living in the United States.
Jon DeRosa
Jon Anthony DeRosa (born December 21, 1978) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He has been involved with several musical acts, including Dead Leaves Rising, Pale Horse and Rider, and as well as his solo-project known as Aarktica.

His most recent solo album Black Halo was released on May 25, 2015, on Rocket Girl Records. The album was produced by longtime collaborator Charles Newman and features a song co-written by Stephen Merritt of The Magnetic Fields.

Rocket Girl
Rocket Girl is a London-based independent record label. It has released records by Robin Guthrie, Pieter Nooten, God Is an Astronaut, Ulrich Schnauss, A Place to Bury Strangers, Bell Gardens among others, including many artists associated with ambient music.
Don Holmes (American football)
Donald Ira Holmes (born April 1, 1961) is an American football coach and former professional player who is currently the wide receivers coach at Colorado Mesa University, a position he has held since 2007. He was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the 12th round of the 1984 NFL draft. He played college football at Mesa State and Colorado.

Although he was selected in the 1984 draft, he elected to return to college that year. During the 1984 season, he attempted to file an exemption to play in the NFL, but was rejected under the "Red Grange Rule" that forbade players from playing both college and pro football in the same year. He joined the Falcons in 1985, but was released and signed by the Indianapolis Colts. After suffering an injury in 1986, he was placed on injured reserve; when the Colts attempted to get him back on the roster, the St. Louis Cardinals picked him off waivers.

Colorado Mesa Mavericks
The Colorado Mesa Mavericks (formerly Mesa State Mavericks) are the athletic teams that represent Colorado Mesa University, located in Grand Junction, Colorado, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Mavericks compete as members of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference for all 28 varsity sports.
2011 Winston-Salem Open
The 2011 Winston-Salem Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was previously known as the Pilot Pen Tennis but was relocated to Winston-Salem. It was the 43rd edition of the Winston-Salem Open, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, from August 22 through August 27, 2011. It was the last event on the 2011 US Open Series before the 2011 US Open.

Fourth-seeded John Isner won the singles title.

Connecticut Open (tennis)
The Connecticut Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts under various names and in various venues from 1948 until 2019.

It was most recently a Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Premier Tournament on the WTA Tour, held annually at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, just before the fourth and last Grand Slam tournament of the year, the US Open. From 2005 through 2010, the tournament was also part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour.

In 2019, the tournament sanction was sold to APG, a sports and entertainment company, which transferred it to Zhengzhou, China.
Turnberry Ocean Club Residences
Turnberry Ocean Club Residences is a residential tower in Sunny Isles Beach, Florida. The building broke ground in fall of 2016 and was completed in 2020. It is 649 feet tall with 52 stories and has 154 three to six bedroom residences.

Fontainebleau Miami Beach
The Fontainebleau Miami Beach, also known as the Fontainebleau Hotel, is a hotel in Miami Beach, Florida, United States. Designed by Morris Lapidus, the luxury hotel opened in 1954. In 2007, the Fontainebleau Hotel was ranked ninety-third in the American Institute of Architects' (AIA) list of "America's Favorite Architecture". On April 18, 2012, the AIA's Florida Chapter ranked the Fontainebleau first on its list of "Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places".

The Fontainebleau Miami Beach is located on Collins Avenue and is owned by the Soffer family-controlled Fontainebleau Resorts.
De Berardinis
De Berardinis, de Berardinis or Di Berardinis is a surname of Italian origin.

Notable people with the name include:

Leo de Berardinis (1940–2008), Italian stage actor and theatre director

Michael Di Berardinis, American public official in Pennsylvania

Olivia De Berardinis (b. 1948), American painter and illustrator

Ralph DeBerardinis, American physician-scientist

Rosetta DeBerardinis, American artist

Willie Dennis, born William DeBerardinis, American jazz trombonist

Olivia De Berardinis
Olivia De Berardinis, known professionally as Olivia, is an American artist who is famous for her paintings of women, often referred to as pinup or cheesecake art. She has been working in this genre since the mid-1970s, and became a contributor to Playboy in 1985 which ultimately led to her own monthly pinup page in the magazine.
Alexandra Shiryayeva
Alexandra Alexandrovna Shiryayeva (Russian: Александра Александровна Ширяева; born February 9, 1983) is a 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), 165 lb (75 kg), female beach volleyball player from Russia. She claimed the gold medal at the 2006 European Championships in The Hague, Netherlands, partnering with Natalya Uryadova.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics, she and her partner Natalya Uryadova were defeated in an historical game against Georgia while war was raging between the two countries. In an AP article by Jimmy Golan published on August 13, 2008, Alexandra Shiryayeva showed courage and grace in defeat by declaring “We just want to end the conflict, all the history between us was friendly.”

2006 Nestea European Championship final
The 2006 NESTEA European Championship Final (or the 2006 European Beach Volleyball Championships,) was held from August 25 to August 28, 2006 in The Hague, Netherlands. It was the fourteenth official edition of the men's event, which started in 1993, while the women competed for the thirteenth time.

The Championships were part of the 2006 Nestea European Championship Tour.
San Bartolomeo degli Armeni
San Bartolomeo degli Armeni is an Armenian Catholic  church in the quarter of Castelletto in Genoa, northern Italy.

The church was founded in 1308 by a group of monks who were fleeing the Turkish invasion of southern Armenia. Of the original edifice, the apse, the dome and the left chapel remain; the right chapel was destroyed in 1883.

The church houses the "Holy Face of Edessa", a line relic with a tempera painting of the face of Jesus, which the Genoese doge Leonardo Montaldo received from the Byzantine emperor, and which he donated to the Basilians. The church houses artworks  by Giovanni Battista Paggi, Orazio de Ferrari, Giulio Benso, Lazzaro Tavarone, Giacomo Boni, Luca Cambiasi, Anton Maria Maragliano and others.

Leonardo Montaldo
Leonardo Montaldo or di Montaldo (1319 – 14 June 1384) was a statesman who became the 7th doge of the Republic of Genoa.

Leonardo was born in San Martino di Paravanico, near modern-day Ceranesi in the Polcevera valley. His family was from Gavi. Little is known of his life before the dogate. He was elected by a commission despite the fact that a large share of the population supported Antoniotto Adorno. According to some sources, Montaldo had accepted to rule the Republic only for six months, although his term went past six months.

Once in office, like his predecessors, Montaldo tried to reorganize the Republic and in particular the fiscal system. But on 11 June 1384 it became clear that he had contracted the plague during an outbreak in the city and he died in Genoa three days later. Antoniotto Adorno was elected doge the next day.
85th Grey Cup
The 85th Grey Cup (Canadian Football League championship) was held in 1997 in Edmonton before 60,431 fans.  The heavily favoured Toronto Argonauts won the game over the Saskatchewan Roughriders with a score of 47–23.

Pinball Clemons
Michael Lutrell "Pinball" Clemons OOnt MSM (born January 15, 1965) is an American-Canadian sports executive and former running back and return specialist who serves as general manager for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is considered by many to be one of the greatest and most famous Argonauts players of all time, as well as one of the most popular professional athletes in the history of Toronto.

A native of Dunedin, Florida, Clemons played college football at the College of William & Mary and was drafted in the eighth round of the 1987 NFL draft by the Kansas City Chiefs. After two years in the NFL, Clemons joined the Argonauts in 1989, playing with them for twelve seasons where he was a two-time All-Star and a three-time Grey Cup Champion. After retiring from playing, he twice served as their head coach before becoming an administrator, since winning five more Grey Cups. His no. 31 jersey is one of only four that have been retired by the Argonauts.
Chuchur
Chuchur (Bulgarian: Чучур) is a hamlet in the municipality of Smolyan, located in the Smolyan Province of southern Bulgaria. The village is located 177.9 km from Sofia. As of 2007, the village had a population of 6 people.

Smolyan Province
41°40′N 24°35′E﻿ / ﻿41.667°N 24.583°E﻿ / 41.667; 24.583

Smolyan Province (Bulgarian: Област Смолян, Oblast Smolyan; former name Smolyan okrug) is a province in Southern-central Bulgaria, located in the Rhodope Mountains, neighbouring Greece to the south. It is named after its administrative and industrial centre — the city of Smolyan. The province embraces a territory of 3,192.8 km2 (1,232.7 sq mi). that is divided into 10 municipalities with a total population of 124,795, as of December 2009.
Heliothis maritima
The shoulder-striped clover (Heliothis maritima) is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in most of Europe, Ukraine, southern Russia and southern Siberia, Transbaikalia, Turkey, central Asia, China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Mongolia, northern India, Pakistan, the Russian Far East (Primorye, southern Khabarovsk, the Amur region, southern Sakhalin and the southern Kuriles).

Transbaikal
Transbaikal, Trans-Baikal, Transbaikalia (Russian: Забайка́лье, romanized: Zabaykal'ye, IPA: [zəbɐjˈkalʲjɪ]), or Dauria (Даурия, Dauriya) is a mountainous region to the east of or "beyond" (trans-) Lake Baikal at the south side of the eastern Siberia and the south-western corner of the Far Eastern Russia.

The steppe and wetland landscapes of Dauria are protected by the Daursky Nature Reserve, which forms part of a World Heritage Site named "Landscapes of Dauria".
Kevin O'Brien (Newfoundland and Labrador politician)
Kevin George O'Brien MHA, (born August 25, 1956) is a Canadian businessman, pharmacist and politician in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He served as the province's Minister of Advanced Education and Skills. O'Brien was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party (PC) in 2003, representing the district of Gander until his resignation in 2015. He resigned his provincial seat on July 3, 2015 to run federally in the 2015 federal election.

Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a provincial political party in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The party was founded in 1949 and has formed the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador since the 2025 general election, with leader Tony Wakeham as premier.
Death on the Pale Horse
Death on the Pale Horse is the title of three different versions of a work by Benjamin West. The first of these is a large drawing from 1783, which has been in the collection of the Royal Academy of Art in London since 1784. The second version is a painting from 1796, now in the Detroit Institute of Art. The third version is a 25-foot wide painting that West exhibited in 1817 in a special gallery on the street of Pall Mall, where he charged admission for visitors who wished to see it. This version was acquired by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia in 1835. All three versions of Death on the Pale Horse were inspired by apocalyptic imagery from the Book of Revelation. They are significant examples of the Sublime in British painting.

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.
Podium (company)
Podium is a private technology company headquartered in Lehi, Utah that develops cloud-based software related to messaging, customer feedback, online reviews, selling products, and requesting payments.

Lehi, Utah
Lehi (/ˈliːhaɪ/ LEE-hy) is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States.  The population was 75,907 at the 2020 census, up from 47,407 in 2010, and it is the center of population of Utah.  The rapid growth in Lehi is due, in part, to the rapid development of the tech industry region known as Silicon Slopes.