hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Menges
Louis John Menges (October 30, 1888 – March 10, 1969) was an American politician, businessman, and amateur soccer player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.

Menges was born in East St. Louis, Illinois and went to the East St. Louis parochial and public schools. In 1904 he was a member of the Christian Brothers College team, which won the silver medal in the soccer tournament. He played all four matches as a goalkeeper. He served in the United States Army during World War I. Menges served in the Illinois Senate from 1935 to 1943 and was a Democrat. He was the owner and builder of movie theaters.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Chen Clan Academy station
Chen Clan Academy Station (simplified Chinese: 陈家祠站; traditional Chinese: 陳家祠站; Jyutping: Can4gaa1ci4 Zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Chàhngāchìh Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 1 and Line 8 of the Guangzhou Metro. It started operations on 28 June 1999 and is situated underground Zhongshan 7th Road (Chinese: 中山七路) in the Liwan District. The station was named after the nearby Chen Clan Academy, an academy constructed by the Chen family for their juniors' accommodation and study in Guangzhou during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911).

Interchange station
An interchange station or a transfer station is a train station for more than one railway route in a public transport system that allows passengers to change from one route to another, often without having to leave a station or pay an additional fare.

Transfer may occur within the same mode, or between rail modes, or to buses (for stations with bus termini attached). Such stations usually have more platforms than single route stations. These stations can exist in either commercial centers or on the city outskirts in residential areas. Cities typically plan for land use around interchange stations for development. Passengers may be required to pay extra fare for the interchange if they leave a paid area.
Michael Buthe
Michael Buthe (1 August 1944 – 15 November 1994) was a German artist who lived and worked between Germany and Morocco. He exhibited widely throughout Europe during his life and is known for his eclectic and prolific oeuvre which encompasses painting, sculpture, and installation.

Documenta 5
documenta 5 was the fifth edition of documenta, a quinquennial contemporary art exhibition. It was held between 30 June and 8 October 1972 in Kassel, West Germany. The artistic director was Harald Szeemann. The title of the exhibition was: Befragung der Realität – Bildwelten heute / Questioning Reality – Pictorial worlds today.

Szeemann's curation is known for establishing a model for future art biennial events, with a central, thematic curatorial idea.
MV Athelqueen (1942)
Athelqueen was an 8,202 GRT tanker which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Belfast in 1942 as  Empire Benefit for the Ministry of War Transport. Postwar she was sold into merchant service and renamed Athelqueen and later Mariverda, serving until scrapped in 1961.

Harland & Wolff
Harland & Wolff is a British shipbuilding and fabrication company headquartered in London with sites in Belfast, Arnish, Appledore and Methil. It specialises in ship repair, shipbuilding and offshore construction.

Today, the company is focused on supporting five sectors: Defence, Energy, Cruise & Ferry, Renewables and Commercial. It offers services including technical services, fabrication & construction, repair & maintenance, in-service support, conversion and decommissioning.

Having entered administration for the second time in five years, it was bought by Navantia in January 2025.
Humanity & Inclusion
Humanity & Inclusion (formerly Handicap International) is an international non-governmental organization. It was founded in 1982 to provide help in refugee camps in Cambodia and Thailand. Headquartered in France and Belgium, since its creation, it has opened branches in six other countries: Switzerland, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada and the United States.

It is an organization which aims to help disabled and vulnerable people in situations of poverty and exclusion, conflict and disaster. More than 3,500 field staff are currently located in more than 60 countries worldwide.

Social vulnerability
In its broadest sense, social vulnerability is one dimension of vulnerability to multiple stressors and shocks, including abuse, social exclusion and natural hazards. Social vulnerability refers to the inability of people, organizations, and societies to withstand adverse impacts from multiple stressors to which they are exposed. These impacts are due in part to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions, and systems of cultural values.

Social vulnerability is an interdisciplinary topic that connects social, health, and environmental fields of study. As it captures the susceptibility of a system or an individual to respond to external stressors like pandemics or natural disasters, many studies of social vulnerability are found in risk management literature.
1986–87 Santosh Trophy
The 1986–87 Santosh Trophy was the 43rd edition of the Santosh Trophy, the main State competition for football in India. It was held in Tamluk, and Rabindra Sarobar Stadium and Mohun Bagan Ground in Calcutta, West Bengal. Bengal defeated Railways 2–0 in the final to win the competition for the 22nd time.

Tamluk
Tamluk (Bengali pronunciation: [tɔmluk]), is a  city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world and the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present-day Tamluk is the site of the ancient city variously known as Tamralipta or Tamralipti, where Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller and Chinese Buddhist monk Fa-Hien also visited the town, is now located on the banks of Rupnarayan River, close to the Bay of Bengal.
Wayne van der Bank
Wayne van der Bank (born (1997-01-07)7 January 1997) is a South African rugby union player for the New England Free Jacks in Major League Rugby (MLR) in the United States. His regular position is centre.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Jamie Grassi
Jamie Brian Grassi (born 9 October 1998) is an Irish cricketer who represents the Italy national cricket team. Grassi's father is Italian, and he qualified to play for Italy in 2021, after his three-year exclusion period had expired.

Grassi made his List A debut for Leinster Lightning in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Cup on 1 May 2017. He made his Twenty20 cricket debut for Munster Reds in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy on 26 May 2017. In December 2017, he was named in Ireland's squad for the 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

In September 2021, he was named in Italy's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the Regional Final of the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier tournament. He made his T20I debut on 15 October 2021, for Italy against Denmark.

Denmark national cricket team
The Denmark national cricket team represents Denmark in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1966, and have previously been a part of the ICC's High Performance Programme.

Denmark played in the inaugural edition of the ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League, starting in August 2019, as a result of finishing in Division Three of the now defunct World Cricket League.
Narendra Patel, Baron Patel
Narendra Babubhai Patel, Baron Patel (born 11 May 1938) is a Tanzanian-British obstetrician and crossbench life peer. He served as president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists from 1995 to 1998 and as Chancellor of the University of Dundee from 2006 to 2017.

Crossbencher
A crossbencher is a minor party or independent member of some legislatures, such as the Parliament of Australia. In the British House of Lords the term refers to members of the parliamentary group of non-political peers. They take their name from the crossbenches, between and perpendicular to the government and opposition benches, where crossbenchers sit in the chamber.
Grade I listed buildings in Swansea
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.

Cadw
Cadw ([ˈkadu], a Welsh verbal noun meaning "keeping/preserving") is the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and part of the Tourism and Culture group. Cadw works to protect the historic buildings and structures, the landscapes and heritage sites of Wales, to make them available for the public to visit, enjoy, and understand their significance. Cadw manages 127 state-owned properties and sites. It arranges events at its managed properties, provides lectures and teaching sessions, offers heritage walks, and hosts an online shop. Members of the public can become members of Cadw to gain membership privileges.

Cadw marked its 40th year in 2024, by which time more than 33,000 properties, structures and monuments were under its care.
Jeannine, I Dream of Lilac Time
"Jeannine, I Dream of Lilac Time" is a 1928 song composed by Nathaniel Shilkret with lyrics by L. Wolfe Gilbert. It is the theme song of the silent film Lilac Time, starring Gary Cooper and Colleen Moore. The song sold almost two million copies of sheet music and was recorded by over a hundred top artists, including Louis Armstrong, Erroll Garner, Skitch Henderson, Guy Lombardo, The London Philharmonic Orchestra, John McCormack, Mitch Miller, Hugo Montenegro, The Platters, and Lawrence Welk.

The version by Gene Austin was released on September 7, 1928, and rose to number 1 for five weeks.

It is part of the soundtrack of the 1962 motion picture Tender Is the Night and was used in an episode of the television series Miss Marple.

Guy Lombardo
Gaetano Alberto "Guy" Lombardo (June 19, 1902 – November 5, 1977) was a Canadian and American bandleader, violinist, and hydroplane racer whose unique sweet jazz style remained popular with audiences for nearly five decades.

Lombardo formed the Royal Canadians in 1924 with his brothers Carmen, Lebert and Victor, and other musicians from his hometown. They billed themselves as creating "the sweetest music this side of Heaven". The Lombardos are believed to have sold between 100 and 300 million records during their lifetimes, many featuring the band's lead singer from 1940 onward, Kenny Gardner.
The Guv'nor (film)
The Guv'nor is a 1935 British comedy film starring George Arliss, Gene Gerrard and Viola Keats, and directed by Milton Rosmer. Arliss in the title role is a tramp who rides a series of misunderstandings and becomes the president of a bank. It was a remake of the 1934 French film Rothchild. The film was re-released in England in 1944 and 1949. It was released in the US as Mr. Hobo.

It was shot at the Lime Grove Studios in Shepherd's Bush. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alfred Junge.

Lime Grove Studios
Lime Grove Studios was a film, and later television, studio complex in Shepherd's Bush, west London, England.

The complex was built by the Gaumont Film Company in 1915. It was situated in Lime Grove, a residential street in Shepherd's Bush, and when it first opened was described by Gaumont as "the finest studio in Great Britain and the first building ever put up in this country solely for the production of films". Many Gainsborough Pictures films were made here from the early 1930s. Its sister studio was Islington Studios, also used by Gainsborough; films were often shot partly at Islington and partly at Lime Grove.

In 1949, the complex was purchased by the BBC, who used it for television broadcasts until 1991. It was demolished in 1993.
Johnny Hammond (rugby union)
John Hammond (28 July 1860 – 21 November 1907) was an English rugby union forward who, although not capped for England, was part of three British Lions tours, all to South Africa. He gained three caps during the 1891 tour to South Africa and captained the 1896 tour, winning another two test caps. Although not part of the 1899 tour to Australia, he was made the manager of the 1903 tour. Despite captaining the British Isles, Hammond never represented England.

1891 British Lions tour to South Africa
The 1891 British Isles tour to South Africa was the first British Isles rugby union tour of South Africa and only the second overseas tour conducted by a joint British team. Between 9 July and 7 September, the team played 20 games, including three Tests against the South Africa national rugby union team. The British Isles not only won all three Test matches, but also won all 17 provincial games. Although not named as such at the time, the tour is retrospectively recognised as a British Lions tour.
Karl Bohnak
Karl Bohnak (born January 10, 1953) is an American politician and former newscaster. He is the representative for Michigan's 109th House of Representatives district, elected on November 5, 2024. Previous to his career in politics, Bohnak was a meteorologist for WLUC-TV and then WZMQ-TV in Marquette County, Michigan, plus several radio stations in the region. He is also an author, writing on local weather and history of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Emblem of Algeria
The national emblem of Algeria (Arabic: الشعار الوطني الجزائري) is the official seal used by the government of Algeria, which was adopted on April 15, 1964. It is used as the official state symbol on government documents, institutions, and diplomatic representations.

Politics of Algeria
Politics of Algeria takes place in a framework of a constitutional semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Algeria is head of state while the Prime Minister of Algeria is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the  People's National Assembly and the Council of the Nation.

Since the early 1990s, a shift from a socialist to a free market economy has been ongoing with official support.
Sweitzer Lake State Park
Sweitzer Lake State Park is a Colorado state park located in Delta County 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Delta, Colorado. The 210-acre (85 ha) park established in 1960 includes a 137-acre (55 ha) reservoir. Facilities include a boat ramp, swim beach and picnic sites. Birdwatchers have spotted 170 different species in the park. A portion of the park's land was donated by the eponymous Morgan Sweitzer in order to develop it as a recreation destination.

Delta, Colorado
Delta is a home rule city that is the county seat of and the most populous municipality in Delta County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 9,035 at the 2020 United States census. The United States Forest Service headquarters of the Grand Mesa, Gunnison, and Uncompahgre National Forests are located in Delta.
Refugium Range
The Refugium Range is a low, small mountain range comprising the mountains/hills of the Brooks Peninsula on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It has an area of 239 km2 (92 sq mi) and is a subrange of the Vancouver Island Ranges which in turn form part of the Insular Mountains. The range was named in 1981 by an expedition which found that peaks higher than 700 m (2,300 ft) were above the glaciers during the last ice age and are therefore a refugium with unique plants.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
Ariake Gymnastics Centre
The Ariake GYM-EX, formerly known as the Ariake Gymnastics Centre, is an exhibition hall and former sports arena in the Ariake district of Tokyo, Japan. Opened in October 2019, the venue was originally constructed to host the gymnastics events at the 2020 Summer Olympics and the boccia events at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Following the Olympics, the venue was redeveloped by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government into an exhibition hall, renamed the Ariake GYM-EX, with the intention of promoting smaller Tokyo-area businesses. In 2023, the Tokyo Big Sight began managing the facility.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Zapp's
Zapp's is a brand of potato chip made in the United States. The chips are kettle-cooked in peanut oil (instead of vegetable oil, which many other companies use), except for the Bourbon St. Smokey Sweet flavor which are 'thin & crispy'. Zapp's market themselves with their Cajun heritage, using names such as "Spicy Cajun Crawtator", "Sour Cream and Creole Onion" and "Cajun Dill Gator-tators". Others, in addition to the "Regular Flavored" include "Hotter 'N Hot Jalapeño", "Mesquite BBQ" and "Voodoo" chip flavors.  They have also marketed numerous chips such as a limited edition Mardi Gras chip.

Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras (UK: /ˌmɑːrdi ˈɡrɑː/; US: /ˈmɑːrdi ɡrɑː/), also known as Shrove Tuesday, is the final day of Carnival (also known as Shrovetide or Fastelavn); it thus falls on the day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras ([maʁdi ɡʁa]) is French for "Fat Tuesday", referring to it being the last day of consuming rich, fatty foods, most notably red meat, in preparation for the Christian fasting season of Lent, during which such foods are avoided.

Related popular practices are associated with Carnival celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Mardi Gras is more usually known as Pancake Day or (traditionally) Shrove Tuesday, derived from the word shrive, meaning "to administer the sacrament of confession to; to absolve".
Robin Darwall-Smith
Robin Haydon Darwall-Smith FRHistS FSA is a British archivist, based in Oxford and associated with several Oxford University College archives.

Robin Darwall-Smith studied classics at University College, Oxford under George Cawkwell, as an undergraduate and postgraduate. He then trained as an archivist at the University of Liverpool. While at Oxford, Darwall-Smith represented University College on the television quiz show University Challenge in 1987, reaching the series final.

Darwall-Smith has been an archivist for Jesus College, Magdalen College, and University College at Oxford.

Robin Darwall-Smith was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 2009 and of the Royal Historical Society in 2010. He appeared on the television documentary series Ian Hislop's Olden Days in 2014.

Archivist
An archivist is an information professional who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over, and provides access to records and archives determined to have long-term value. The records that are maintained by an archivist can consist of a variety of forms, including but not limited to letters, diaries, logs, other personal documents, government documents, sound or picture recordings, digital files, or other physical objects.
Tom Dame
Thomas M. Dame is Director of the Radio Telescope Data Center at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, a Senior Radio Astronomer at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and a Lecturer on Astronomy at Harvard University. He is best known for mapping the Milky Way galaxy in carbon monoxide and for the discovery of both the Far 3 kpc Arm and the Outer Scutum–Centaurus Arm of the Milky Way.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is a research institute of the Smithsonian Institution, concentrating on astrophysical studies including galactic and extragalactic astronomy, cosmology, solar, earth and planetary sciences, theory and instrumentation, using observations at wavelengths from the highest energy gamma rays to the radio, along with gravitational waves.  Established in Washington, D.C., in 1890, the SAO moved its headquarters in 1955 to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where its research is a collaboration with the Harvard College Observatory (HCO) and the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. In 1973, the Smithsonian and Harvard formalized the collaboration as the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) under a single Director.