hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earl of Ypres
Earl of Ypres was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was a victory title, referring to the Flemish city of Ypres, which gave its name the Salient of Ypres, site of extremely bloody fighting in World War I.

Ypres
Ypres (/ˈiːprə/ EE-prə, French: [ipʁ] ⓘ;  Dutch: Ieper [ˈipər] ⓘ; West Flemish: Yper; German: Ypern [ˈyːpɐn] ⓘ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though 
the Dutch name Ieper is the official one, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres/Ieper and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.

During the First World War, Ypres (or "Wipers" as it was commonly known by the British troops) was the centre of the Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces.
Alcabala
The alcabala or alcavala (Spanish pronunciation: [alkaˈβala]) was a sales tax of up to fourteen percent, the most important royal tax imposed by Spain in the early modern period. It applied in Spain and the Spanish dominions. The Duke of Alba imposed a five percent alcabala in the Netherlands, where it played an important role in the Dutch Revolt. Unlike most taxes in Spain at the time, no social classes were entirely exempt (for example, nobles and clergy had to pay the tax), although from 1491 clergy were exempt on trade that was "not for gain." Certain towns were also, at times, given exemptions.

Tax farming
Farming or tax-farming is  a technique of financial management in which the management of a variable revenue stream is assigned by legal contract to a third party and the holder of the revenue stream receives fixed periodic rents from the contractor. It is most commonly used in public finance, where governments (the lessors) lease or assign the right to collect and retain the whole of the tax revenue to a private financier (the farmer), who is charged with paying fixed sums (sometimes called "rents", but with a different meaning from the common modern term) into the treasury.

Farming in this sense has nothing to do with agriculture, other than in a metaphorical sense.
Mark Joyce
Mark Joyce (born 11 August 1983) is an English former professional snooker player who lives in Walsall. He began his professional career by playing on the Challenge Tour in 2003. Joyce enjoyed an outstanding amateur career, winning the European Under-19 Championship in 2001, the English Open in 2005 and the English Amateur Championship in 2006, beating Martin O'Donnell 8–3 in the final. Joyce also finished fifth in the 2005/06 Pontin's International Open Series, winning the second of eight events, to book a place on Main Tour.

Ryan Day (snooker player)
Ryan Day (born 23 March 1980) is a Welsh professional snooker player. He is a prolific break-builder, having compiled over 450 century breaks during his career, including four maximum breaks. He is a three-time World Championship quarter-finalist, has been ranked at no. 6 in the world and has won four ranking tournaments.
Matthew Glavy
Matthew G. Glavy is a retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant general who last served as the Deputy Commandant for Information and commander of the Marine Corps Forces Strategic Command from 2021 to 2024. He assumed the additional duty of Director of Marine Corps Intelligence in June 2023. He previously served as commander of the Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command from 2018 to 2021 and the first commander of Marine Corps Forces Space Command from 2020 to 2021. Previously, he was the Commander of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.

2nd Marine Aircraft Wing
The 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW) is the major east coast aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps and is headquartered in Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.  The Wing provides the aviation combat element for the II Marine Expeditionary Force.
Travis VanderZanden
Travis VanderZanden (born 1979) is an American businessman and the founder and former CEO of Bird, a scooter sharing service owned by Third Lane Mobility. Before founding Bird, VanderZanden was Chief Operating Officer at Lyft, then VP of International Growth at Uber.

Uber
Uber Technologies, Inc. is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services, courier services, food delivery, and freight transport. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 15,000 cities worldwide. It is the largest ridesharing company worldwide with over 202 million monthly active users and 10 million active drivers and couriers. It coordinates an average of 42 million trips and delivery orders per day, and has coordinated 72 billion trips and delivery orders since its inception in 2010. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 29.9% for mobility services and 19.2% for food delivery.

The company is also in the process of developing robotaxi services in partnership with Lucid Motors, Nuro, and Baidu.
Gerhart-Hauptmann-Platz
Gerhart-Hauptmann-Platz (Gerhart Hauptmann Square) is a central square in Altstadt quarter, Hamburg, Germany. The former Pferdemarkt (Horse Market) is located at the junction of the streets of Mönckebergstraße, Spitalerstraße and Alstertor. The southern part of the square was renamed into Ida-Ehre-Platz (Ida Ehre Square) on 9 July 2000, in honour of the actress and intendant of Hamburger Kammerspiele.

Intendant
An intendant (French: [ɛ̃tɑ̃dɑ̃] ⓘ; Portuguese: intendente [ĩtẽˈdẽtɨ]; Spanish: intendente [intenˈdente]) was, and sometimes still is, a public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America. The intendancy system was a centralizing administrative system developed in France. In the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701 to 1714 the French royal House of Bourbon secured its hold on the throne of Spain; it extended a French-style intendancy system to Spain and Portugal - and subsequently worldwide through the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire. Regions were divided into districts, each administered by an intendant.
The title continues in use in Spain and in parts of Spanish America for particular government officials.
Pro Challenge Series
The Pro Challenge Series was a series of non-ranking snooker tournaments held during the 2009–10 snooker season. The events were open to all players on the main tour and were intended to give tour players more playing opportunities. Seven events were planned but only four took place before the series was cancelled, due to low player participation. The series was not repeated and was replaced by the Players Tour Championship, which started the following season.

Michael Holt (snooker player)
Michael Holt (born 7 August 1978) is an English professional snooker player from Nottingham. A former world Top 20 player, he has won one ranking event — the 2020 Snooker Shoot Out — and two minor-ranking tournaments. He was runner-up at two ranking events — the 2016 Riga Masters and the 2019 Snooker Shoot Out. Holt also reached the semi-finals of the 2013 Shanghai Masters as well as five other quarter-finals.
Chiaverini
Chiaverini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessio Chiaverini (born 1984), Italian footballer

Darrin Chiaverini (born 1977), American football player and coach

Jennifer Chiaverini (born 1969), American quilter and writer

Ryan Chiaverini, American radio personality

Darrin Chiaverini
Darrin Earl Chiaverini (born October 12, 1977) is an American college football coach and former wide receiver. He is the head football coach for Northeastern State University, a position he has held since 2024. He played college football at Colorado. He was drafted in the fifth round (148th overall) of the 1999 NFL draft by the Cleveland Browns.

During his career, he also played for the Dallas Cowboys and Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was formerly the special teams coordinator and outside wide receivers coach for Texas Tech prior to joining the Colorado coaching staff.
Anne Aanestad Winter
Anne Aanestad Winter is a Norwegian handball player. She played 55 matches for the Norway women's national handball team between 1974 and 1977.  She participated at the 1975 World Women's Handball Championship, where the Norwegian team placed 8th.

1975 World Women's Handball Championship
The 1975 World Women's Handball Championship took place in the Soviet Union between 2-13 December 1975. It was the sixth edition of the World Women's Handball Championship and the first to be held in the Soviet Union.

East Germany won their second title after they finished top of the final group ahead of the Soviet Union and Hungary.
KTM Class 81
The Class 81 is the first and oldest type of electric multiple unit introduced by Keretapi Tanah Melayu for its KTM Komuter service. 18 sets were designed by Hunslet Transportation Projects and built by Ganz Works in 1993-1994.

The Class 81 currently operates in a fixed 3-car formation for its regular service. The middle coach is exclusively for women and children.

The KTM Class 81 design is derived from the British Rail Class 323, with the main alteration being that it has single leaf swing-plug doors instead of a double leaf type.

Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) (lit. 'Malayan Railway Limited'; Jawi: كريتاڤي تانه ملايو برحد‎) or colloquially referred to simply as KTM, is the main railway operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was first built to transport tin. Previously known as the Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR), the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA), and the Malayan Railway, KTM acquired its current name in 1962. The organisation was corporatised in 1992, but remains wholly owned by the Malaysian government.
Ashraf El-Ashmawi
Ashraf El-Ashmawi (Arabic:أشرف العشماوي) is an Egyptian author, judge and legal scholar. He worked in the public prosecutor's office for many years and served as a judge in the Egyptian court of appeals. More recently, he has worked as legal advisor to the Supreme Council of Antiquities. He has written extensively on crime prevention, including a recent book entitled Legal Thefts: Stories of Thefts of Egyptian Antiquities, Their Smuggling and Attempts to Recover Them.

In 2012, he served as an investigating judge in a case involving illegal foreign funding of Egyptian NGOs.

El-Ashmawi contributes regularly to newspapers and websites, touching on social and political issues as well as more specialized subjects such as the history of Egyptian antiquities. His first two novels were The Time of the Hyenas and Toya. The latter was longlisted for the 2013 Arabic Booker Prize. In 2018, he published the novel Lady of Zamalek, which takes place in Zamalek (a famous district of Cairo).

Zamalek
Zamalek (Arabic: الزمالك, romanized: az-Zamālik, pronounced [ez.zæˈmæːlek]) is a qism (ward) within the West District (hayy gharb) in the Western Area of Cairo, Egypt. It is an affluent district on a man-made island which is geologically a part of the west bank of the Nile River, with the bahr al-a'ma (Blind Canal) cut during the second half of the 19th Century to separate it from the west bank proper. The northern third has been developed into a residential area. The southern two thirds are mostly sports grounds and public gardens, a stark green reserve in the middle of Cairo. The island is connected with the river banks by four bridges: The Qasr El Nil Bridge, Galaa Bridge, 15 May Bridge and 6th October Bridge.
Leonard of Noblac
Leonard of Noblac (also Leonard of Limoges or Leonard of Noblet; also known as Lienard, Linhart, Lenart, Leonhard, Léonard, Leonardo, Annard; died 559) is a Frankish saint closely associated with the town and abbey of Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, in Haute-Vienne, in the Limousin region of France. He was converted to Christianity along with the king, at Christmas 496. Leonard became a hermit in the forest of Limousin, where he gathered a number of followers. Leonard or Lienard became one of the most venerated saints of the late Middle Ages. His intercession was credited with miracles for the release of prisoners, women in labour and the diseases of cattle.

Limousin
Limousin (French pronunciation: [limuzɛ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Lemosin [lemuˈzi]) is a former administrative region of southwest-central France. Named after the old province of Limousin, the administrative region was founded in 1960. It comprised three departments: Corrèze, Creuse, and Haute-Vienne. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Situated mostly in the west side of south-central French Massif Central, Limousin had (in 2010) 742,770 inhabitants spread out on nearly 17,000 km2 (6,600 square miles), making it the least populated region of metropolitan France.

Forming part of the southwest of the country, Limousin was bordered by the regions of Centre-Val de Loire to the north, Auvergne to the east, Midi-Pyrénées to the south, Aquitaine to the southwest, and Poitou-Charentes to the west. Limousin was also part of the larger historical Occitania region.
Little Nightmares III
Little Nightmares III is a puzzle-platform horror adventure video game developed by Supermassive Games and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for Nintendo Switch, Nintendo Switch 2, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S. It follows Little Nightmares and Little Nightmares II. The game follows two new child protagonists, Low and Alone, as they navigate through The Nowhere and escape from a looming threat. It released on 10 October 2025 to mixed reviews.

Horror game
A horror game is a video game genre centered on horror fiction and typically designed to scare the player. The term may also be used to describe tabletop games with horror fiction elements.

Unlike most other video game genres, which are classified by their gameplay, horror games are nearly always based on narrative or visual presentation, and use a variety of gameplay types.
Benzotript
Benzotript (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name), also known as N-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-L-tryptophan, is a muscle relaxant that inhibits gastric secretion and was never marketed. It is a tryptamine derivative and the N-(4-chlorobenzoyl) analogue of the amino acid tryptophan. Similarly to proglumide (N2-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-α-glutamine), the drug acts as a competitive and non-selective cholecystokinin receptor antagonist. Other more potent tryptophan derivatives have also been developed as cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonists.

Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structures embedded in the cell membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell.

Secretion in bacterial species means the transport or translocation of effector molecules. For example, proteins, enzymes or toxins (such as cholera toxin in pathogenic bacteria e.g. Vibrio cholerae) move from across the interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell to its exterior. Secretion is a very important mechanism in bacterial functioning and operation in their natural surrounding environment for adaptation and survival.
Ariake Station (Tokyo)
Ariake station (Japanese: 有明駅, Hepburn: Ariake-eki) is a railway station on the Yurikamome, an automated transit line in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan. Its station number is U-12. Opened on 1 November 1995, the station is located within walking distance of Kokusai-Tenjijō Station on the Rinkai Line. The station is also located near a large bus plaza, which serves as a stop on the Tokyo BRT line. It originally opened as the line's eastern terminus before the extension to Toyosu opened in March 2006. However, some services from Shimbashi still terminate at Ariake.

The station consists of two elevated island platforms serving three tracks.

During Japanese fiscal year (JFY) 2023, the station was used on average by 9,242 passengers daily.

Tokyo BRT
The Tokyo BRT (東京BRT) is a bus rapid transit system operated by Keisei Bus that was established on 8 July 2019. Tokyo BRT buses are parked at a building owned by Tokyo BRT and located in Shinonome, Kōtō. The network's two bases—Okuto Office and Shinonome Barn—are also used by Keisei Bus.
Kochan (surname)
Kochan (Slovak/Czech feminine: Kochanová), also spelled Kokhan (Ukrainian: Кохан), is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Alexis Kochan (born 1953), Ukrainian-Canadian composer and singer

Craig Kochan (born 1969), Canadian curler

Dieter Kochan (born 1974), American ice hockey goaltender

Günter Kochan (1930–2009), German classical composer

Jacek Kochan (born 1955), Polish musician

Lionel Kochan (1922–2005), British historian

Miriam Kochan (1929–2018), English writer and translator

Nick Kochan, British journalist

Magdalena Kochan (born 1950), Polish politician

Matej Kochan (born 1992), Slovak footballer

Rebekah Kochan (born 1984), American actress

Thomas Anton Kochan (born 1947), American professor

Mykhaylo Kokhan (born 2001), Ukrainian athlete

Miriam Kochan
Miriam Louise Kochan (née Buchler; 5 October 1929 – 1 January 2018) was an English history writer and translator of French. A economics graduate of the University College of the South West, she was the first female graduate of the Reuters news agency, working as sub-editor of the Reuters Economic Services from 1950 to 1954. Kochan was the translator of some 20 books that were originally published in French and she was the author of six books on popular history. In 1970, she introduced the bat mitzvah class for girls who were aged 12 and over in the British orthodox Jewish community and taught at Carmel College, Oxfordshire.
Stephen O'Connor (academic)
Stephen O’Connor is a chartered professor of biomedical engineering at the School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London. He is former President of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM). He is also an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Computer science and engineering
Computer science and engineering (CSE) is an academic subject comprising approaches of computer science and computer engineering. There is no clear division in computing between science and engineering, just like in the field of materials science and engineering. However, some classes are historically more related to computer science (e.g. data structures and algorithms), and other to computer engineering (e.g. computer architecture). CSE is also a term often used  in Europe to translate the name of technical or engineering informatics academic programs. It is offered in both undergraduate as well postgraduate with specializations.
Dorota Wellman
Dorota Wellman (born 2 March 1961 in Warsaw) is a Polish journalist, television and radio personality and television producer. She graduated in Polish studies and Art history from University of Warsaw. Wellman debuted in 1980s in Solidarity Radio and later in Radio Eska. Since 2006 she is known for presenting TV programme Dzień Dobry TVN.

She portrayed Polish activist Henryka Krzywonos in Andrzej Wajda's film Walesa. Man of Hope (2013).

Henryka Krzywonos
Henryka Krystyna Krzywonos-Strycharska was the former head of the Gdańsk transport workers. She is noted for playing a role in strikes and protests in 1980 Gdańsk. The authorities later beat her causing her to miscarry, as she had been pregnant at the time. Afterward she became involved in "family orphanages" and adopted 12 orphans with her third husband. She has been a deputy of the Sejm since 2015, serving in the VIII, IX and X terms.
Bombers Affair
The Bombers Affair (Luxembourgish: Bommeleeër Affär) is the name given to a series of bomb attacks on infrastructure installations and public buildings in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg between May 1984 and April 1986. The identities of the perpetrators and the motives are not known; however, the population developed a diverse set of conspiracy theories. Many believe that members of the Luxembourgish Government or Grand Ducal Family, as well as insiders in the Security Services were involved in the attacks.

House of Luxembourg-Nassau
The House of Luxembourg-Nassau is the current royal house of Luxembourg. It was founded in 1921. It descends from the House of Nassau-Weilburg and from the House of Bourbon-Parma (agnatically), and consists of the extended family of the reigning Grand Duke. There have been three monarchs from the House of Luxembourg-Nassau: Jean, Henri, and Guillaume V.
Nowe Miasto, Płońsk County
Nowe Miasto (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɛ ˈmjastɔ]) is a town in Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowe Miasto.

The town has a population of 2,000. Its name means "new town".

It was a county seat and royal town of the Kingdom of Poland, administratively located in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.

Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
Greater Poland Province (Polish: Prowincja Wielkopolska) was an administrative division of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1795. The name of the province comes from the historic land of Greater Poland.

The Greater Poland Province consisted initially of twelve voivodeships (after 1768 thirteen voivodeships) and one duchy:

Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship

Chełmno Voivodeship

Gniezno Voivodeship, est. in 1768

Inowrocław Voivodeship

Kalisz Voivodeship

Łęczyca Voivodeship

Malbork Voivodeship

Masovian Voivodeship

Płock Voivodeship

Pomeranian Voivodeship

Poznań Voivodeship

Rawa Voivodeship

Sieradz Voivodeship

Prince-Bishopric of Warmia

The location of the Crown Tribunal for the Greater Poland Province (the highest appeal court of the province) was Piotrków Trybunalski, and after the Convocation Sejm (1764) also Poznań and Bydgoszcz.
Leistus fulvibarbis
Leistus fulvibarbis is a species of ground beetle of the subfamily of Nebriinae. The nominative subspecies is distributed in Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa; L. f. danieli is found in Italy. The body length of an adult is 6.5–8 millimetres (0.26–0.31 in). The beetle is black colored, with blue metallic shiny elytra. Appendages are reddish-yellow.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.