hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Błonie, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Błonie [ˈbwɔɲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koprzywnica, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Koprzywnica, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 78 km (48 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Batya Gur
Batya Gur (Hebrew: בתיה גור‎; 1 September 1947 – 19 May 2005) was an Israeli novelist. Her specialty was detective fiction. She was a 1994 recipient of the Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works.

Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works
The Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works, also known as the Levi Eshkol Literary Award, named after Israel's third Prime Minister, is an annual award granted to writers in the Hebrew language. The prize was established in 1969.
Royal Academy Exhibition of 1792
The Royal Academy Exhibition of 1792 was the twenty forth annual Summer Exhibition of the British Royal Academy of Arts. It was held at Somerset House in London between 30 April and 9 June 1792. It was the first to be held following the death of Sir Joshua Reynolds, who had served as President of the Royal Academy since its foundation in 1768 and one of the driving forces of British art during his lifetime. Nonetheless, it was considered as showing the continued strength of the institution with growing numbers of submissions and financial earnings.

George Morland
George Morland (26 June 1763 – 29 October 1804) was an English painter. His early work was influenced by Francis Wheatley, but after the 1790s he came into his own style. His best compositions focus on rustic scenes: farms and hunting; smugglers and gypsies; and rich, textured landscapes informed by Dutch Golden Age painting.

Much of his work was intended for reproduction in prints, from which his publishers made a good deal more money than he did.  Despite being a heavy drinker who enjoyed a rackety lifestyle, he was enormously prolific, though the quality of his work increasingly suffered.  After many troubles with debts in his last decade, he died at the age of 41.
F.A.T.A.L.
F.A.T.A.L., an acronym of Fantasy Adventure to Adult Lechery (first edition) or From Another Time Another Land (second edition), is a dark fantasy tabletop role-playing game first published in 2002 by Fatal Games.

F.A.T.A.L. is known for its graphic violent and sexual content, as well as the complexity of the underlying game system, involving higher-level mathematics and an unusual amount of randomization in character development. It acquired a strongly negative reputation in the tabletop roleplaying community, being universally panned and described as one of the most controversial games ever released. It is particularly known as the subject of a 2003 review published on RPGnet by Darren MacLennan and Jason Sartin, which described it as "the Necronomicon of role-playing games", in addition to "fundamentally broken in its attitude towards sexuality" and characterized by "bitter misogyny".

RPGnet
RPGnet is a role-playing game website. It includes sections on wargames, tabletop games and video games, as well as columns on gaming topics.

RPGnet was founded in 1996 by Emma and Sandy Antunes, Shawn Althouse (aka etrigan) and Brian David Phillips, as a way to unify a number of transient game sites. In 2001 it was purchased by Skotos Tech, but maintains creative and editorial autonomy. Currently it is being run by Shannon Appelcline of Skotos, while a number of volunteer moderators and administrators help maintain the forums.
In 2024, RPG.net was sold to RPGMatch, who would take over development duties while the administration of the forums was to remain independent.
Glucose syrup
Glucose syrup, also known as confectioner's glucose, is a syrup made from the hydrolysis of starch. Glucose is a sugar. Maize (corn) is commonly used as the source of the starch in the US, in which case the syrup is called "corn syrup", but glucose syrup is also made from potatoes and wheat, and less often from barley, rice and cassava.p. 21

Glucose syrup containing over 90% glucose is used in industrial fermentation, but syrups used in confectionery contain varying amounts of glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade, and can typically contain 10% to 43% glucose. Glucose syrup is used in foods to sweeten, soften texture and add volume. By converting some glucose in corn syrup into fructose (using an enzymatic process), a sweeter product, high fructose corn syrup can be produced.

Glucose syrup was first made in 1811 in Russia by Gottlieb Kirchhoff using heat and sulfuric acid.

Gottlieb Kirchhoff
Gottlieb Sigismund Constantin Kirchhoff (Russian: Константин Сигизмундович Кирхгоф, romanized: Konstantin Sigizmundovich Kirhgof; 19 February 1764 – 14 February 1833) was a Russian chemist of German origin.
It Chapter Two (soundtrack)
It Chapter Two (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the score album to the 2019 film It Chapter Two, a follow-up to It (2017). The film had Benjamin Wallfisch who scored for the first film, returning to score for the sequel. The score is "larger and more matured" than the first film, which demanded Wallfisch a 100-piece orchestra from the Hollywood Studio Symphony and 40-member voice choir performing. The album consisting of 45 tracks, were released by WaterTower Music on August 30, 2019, a week before the film's release. It was further released in double vinyl on December 6, 2019.

WaterTower Music
WaterTower Music Inc. (formerly New Line Records from 2000 to 2010) is an American record label serving as the in-house music label run by entertainment company Warner Bros., ultimately owned by Warner Bros. Discovery (formerly known as Time Warner). The name and logo are based on the iconic Warner Bros. Water Tower.
Upper American River Project
The Upper American River Project (UARP) is a hydroelectric system operated by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) of Sacramento, California in the United States.

The system consists of 11 dams and eight powerhouses that tap the upper tributaries of the American River drainage in the Sierra Nevada for power generation. Total installed capacity is over 687 MW, producing 1.8 billion KWh annually, enough for 20 percent of the city's electricity needs.

The project mainly utilizes water from the South Fork American River and its tributaries, although some water is drawn from the Rubicon River, a tributary of the Middle Fork American River. Project dams provide water storage of about 430,000 acre⋅ft (530,000 dam3) and a total hydraulic head of 5,417 ft (1,651 m) from the highest reservoir to the lowest powerplant outflow.

Kilowatt-hour
A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units, which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour. Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities. Metric prefixes are used for multiples and submultiples of the basic unit, the watt-hour (3.6 kJ).
Only the Strong (Big Noyd album)
Only The Strong is the second solo studio album by American rapper Big Noyd. It was released on September 23, 2003, via Landspeed Records. The album was produced by the Alchemist, Havoc, Emile, DJ Sebb, Steve Sola, and Noyd Inc. It features guest appearances from Mobb Deep, Chinky, Infamous Mobb, PMD, and Shamika Rodriguez.

Infamous Mobb
Infamous Mobb, also known as IM3, is an American hip hop group from Queensbridge, Queens, New York, composed of members Ty Nitty, Twin Gambino aka Big Twin and G.O.D. Part III aka Godfather Part III. They are an integral part of the Queensbridge hip-hop scene, which includes rappers like Nas, Mobb Deep, Cormega, Capone, and Tragedy Khadafi.
Large set
In mathematics, the term large set is sometimes used to refer to any set that is "large" in some sense. It has specialized meanings in three branches of mathematics:

Large set (category theory), a set that does not belong to a fixed universe of sets

Large set (combinatorics), a set of integers whose sum of reciprocals diverges

Large set (Ramsey theory), a set of integers with the property that, if all the integers are colored, one of the color classes has long arithmetic progressions whose differences are in the set

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Boscia albitrunca
Boscia albitrunca, commonly known as the shepherd tree or shepherd's tree (Afrikaans: Witgat, Sotho: Mohlôpi, Tswana: Motlôpi, Venda: Muvhombwe, Xhosa: Umgqomogqomo, Zulu: Umvithi), is a protected species of South African tree in the caper family. It is known for having the deepest known root structure of any plant at: -68 metres (223 ft).

The species epithet "albitrunca" refers to the white trunk it oftentimes develops. Traditionally, the shepherd tree was used by Dutch settlers, boers, to create a variant of coffee from the roots of the tree. It is an evergreen tree native to southern and tropical Africa, living in the hot, dry, and often seasonally brackish low-lying areas, sometimes on abundant lime or occasionally on rocky terrain. It is a common tree of the Kalahari, bushveld and lowveld. It is one of the most important animal forage trees in the Kalahari.

Bushveld
The Bushveld (from Afrikaans: bosveld, Afrikaans: bos 'bush' and Afrikaans: veld) is a sub-tropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa. The ecoregion straddles the Tropic of Capricorn and constitutes the southern part of the Zambezian region. It encompasses most of Limpopo and a small part of North West in South Africa, the Central and North-East Districts of Botswana and the Matabeleland South and part of Matabeleland North provinces of Zimbabwe. The Kruger National Park has a number of 'Bushveld' camps, but these are strictly speaking in the lowveld, as these terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Although their limits are somewhat blurred, lowveld is generally restricted to the more easterly parts of South Africa and Zimbabwe.
1950 Oxford by-election
The 1950 Oxford by-election was held on 2 November 1950 after the incumbent Conservative MP Quintin Hogg succeeded to the peerage.  The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate Lawrence Turner with an increased majority.

Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone
Quintin McGarel Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone (9 October 1907 – 12 October 2001), was a British barrister, philosopher and Conservative Party politician. He was known as the 2nd Viscount Hailsham between 1950 and 1963, at which point he disclaimed his hereditary peerage.

Like his father, Hailsham was considered to be a contender for the leadership of the Conservative Party. He was a contender to succeed Harold Macmillan as prime minister in 1963, renouncing his hereditary peerage to do so, but was passed over in favour of Alec Douglas-Home. He was created a life peer in 1970 and served as Lord Chancellor, the office formerly held by his father, in 1970–74 and 1979–87.
Zbigniew J. Lipowski
Zbigniew Jerzy Lipowski, MD, (also known as Bish in North America; November 22, 1924 – December 30, 1997) was a Polish psychiatrist, historian, author, political commentator and speaker. He wrote several books on the topics of consultation-liaison psychiatry, delirium and psychosomatic medicine as well as hundreds of articles and reviews that have been widely published in journals such as The New England Journal of Medicine, The Journal of the American Medical Association, and the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

Lipowski was considered to be a leader in his field, and his work is still taught in medical classrooms today. He has been described as the "Walter Lippman" of the consultation-liaison psychiatric subspecialty.

JAMA
JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association. It publishes original research, reviews, and editorials covering all aspects of biomedicine. The journal was established in 1883 with Nathan Smith Davis as the founding editor. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California, San Francisco became the journal editor-in-chief on July 1, 2022, succeeding Howard Bauchner of Boston University.

According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal's 2024 impact factor is 55.0, ranking it 4th out of 332 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".
Vesey-Fitzgerald
Vesey-FItzgerald is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Vesey-Fitzgerald (1900–1981), a naturalist

Desmond Vesey-Fitzgerald (1909–1974), an Irish-born entomologist, conservationist, and plant collector

Seymour Gonne Vesey-FitzGerald, 1884–1954), British colonial civil servant, barrister, and legal academic

Seymour Vesey-FitzGerald (1818–1885), Anglo-Irish politician and colonial administrator

William Vesey-FitzGerald, 2nd Baron FitzGerald and Vesey (1783–1843), Irish statesman, MP for Clare, Newport, Lostwithiel, and Ennis

William Vesey-FitzGerald (1818–1885), British politician and MP for Horsham, 1848, 1852–1865, 1874–1875

William Vesey-FitzGerald, 2nd Baron FitzGerald and Vesey
William Vesey-FitzGerald, 2nd Baron FitzGerald and Vesey, PC, PC (Ire), FRS, FSA (24 July 1783 – 11 May 1843) was an Anglo-Irish statesman. A Tory, he served in the governments of Lord Wellington and Robert Peel, but is best known for his defeat in the 1828 Clare by-election, hastening Catholic Emancipation across Britain and Ireland.
Ponte da Mizarela
Bridge of Mizarela (Portuguese: Ponte da Mizarela) is a medieval bridge that crosses the Rio Rabagão, between the civil parish of Ruivães (municipality of Vieira do Minho) and civil parish of Ferral (in the municipality of Montalegre), the Portuguese district of Braga.

Braga District
Braga District (Portuguese: Distrito de Braga [ˈbɾaɣɐ] ⓘ) is a district in the northwest of Portugal. The district capital is the city of Braga, and it is bordered by the district of Viana do Castelo in the north, Vila Real in the east, Galicia (a Spanish autonomous community) in the northeast and Porto in the south. Its area is 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi) and it has a population of 831,368. It takes its name from the Bracarii, a Celtic tribe.
Verbascum boerhavii
Verbascum boerhavii, the annual mullein, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Spain (including the Balearic Islands), France (including Corsica), and Italy. It has been traditionally used as a treatment for haemorrhoids. It contains the phenylpropanoid glycoside poliumoside, which has an affinity for metalloproteinases.

Phenylpropanoid
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid, which is the central intermediate in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.  From 4-coumaroyl-CoA emanates the biosynthesis of myriad natural products including lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, aurones, stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids. The coumaroyl component is produced from cinnamic acid.

Phenylpropanoids are found throughout the plant kingdom, where they serve as essential components of a number of structural polymers, provide protection from ultraviolet light, defend against herbivores and pathogens, and also mediate plant-pollinator interactions as floral pigments and scent compounds.
Lycée français de Bakou
Lycée français de Bakou (LFB; Azerbaijani: Bakı Fransız Liseyi) was a French international school in Baku, Azerbaijan founded in 2013 in order to provide education for French-speaking foreigners and Azerbaijanis who wished to study French. It served the école maternelle and the école primaire directly, while the collège (junior high school) and the lycée (senior high school/sixth form) were served with the National Center for Distance Education (CNED). It was affiliated with the Mission Laïque Française (MLF).

National Centre for Distance Education
The National Centre for Distance Education (Centre national d'enseignement à distance or Cned in French) is a French public institution under the oversight of the Department of Education dedicated to providing distance learning material. It is the largest university in Europe by number of students.

It was created in 1939 and has been providing on-line material since the mid-1990s. The 3000 programs it offers range from kindergarten to university level. In 2022, about 350,000 students were registered, 30,000 living outside France. Of these, approximately 245,000 are higher education students ranging from polytechnic through to masters level. CNED offer the opportunity to study at a high level, while living in any country, or travelling around the globe. Students can study with books, or online (computer equipment used to study online is easier to carry when travelling).
Canthotomy
Canthotomy (also called lateral canthotomy and canthotomy with cantholysis) is a surgical procedure where the lateral canthus, or corner, of the eye is cut to relieve the fluid pressure inside or behind the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOC). The procedure is typically done in emergency situations when the intraocular pressure becomes too high, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to blindness if left untreated.

The most common cause of elevated intraocular pressure is orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) caused by trauma, retrobulbar hemorrhage, infections, tumors, or prolonged hypoxemia. Absolute contraindications to canthotomy include globe rupture. Complications include bleeding, infections, cosmetic deformities, and functional impairment of eyelids. Lateral canthotomy further specifies that the lateral canthus is being cut. Canthotomy with cantholysis includes cutting the lateral palpebral ligament, also known as the canthal tendon.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Allstones Peak
Allstones Peak is a 2,940-metre (9,650-foot) mountain summit located in the North Saskatchewan River valley of the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Fence Post Peak, 16.0 km (9.9 mi) to the west. Allstones Peak can be seen from David Thompson Highway and Abraham Lake. Precipitation runoff from Allstones Peak drains east into Abraham Lake, and northwest to Littlehorn Creek. Allstones Peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down from the Precambrian to Jurassic periods that was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

Alberta Highway 11
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 11, commonly referred to as Highway 11 and officially named the David Thompson Highway, is a provincial highway in central Alberta, Canada. It runs for 318 km (198 mi) from Highway 93 at Saskatchewan River Crossing near Mount Sarbach in Banff National Park east to Highway 12 near Nevis. It passes by Nordegg and through Rocky Mountain House, Sylvan Lake and Red Deer along its course. The highway is named after David Thompson, a British-Canadian fur trader, surveyor, and map-maker who explored the area between Rocky Mountain House and Kootenae House (near present-day Invermere, British Columbia) through Howse Pass.
Here It Comes (song)
"Here It Comes" is a song and 1972 single by the English band Strawbs. It did not appear on any of their studio albums, but it was included on two compilation albums: Strawbs by Choice (1974) and Halcyon Days (1997). Written by bandleader Dave Cousins, "Here It Comes" shows definite pop influences and a more commercial view to song-writing, a trait that would extend to the next single, "Lay Down".

The song was recorded, in  middle of the band's early 1972 tour, at Morgan Studios in Willesden, north-west London.

Reviewing the song in 2021, for Louder the War, Ian Canty said: "For me The Strawbs are seldom heard better than on the intoxicating groove of "Here It Comes", a fine amalgam of Bo Diddley beat and "Magic Bus" with added warm organ sounds and crashing guitar breaks."

Morgan Studios
Morgan Studios (founded as Morgan Sound Studios) was an independent recording studio in Willesden in northwest London. Founded in 1967, the studio was the location for recordings by notable artists and bands such as The Cure, Jethro Tull, the Kinks, Paul McCartney, Yes, Black Sabbath, Pink Floyd, Donovan, Joan Armatrading, Cat Stevens, Rod Stewart, UFO and many more. Morgan sold its studios in the early 1980s, with some of its studios succeeded by Battery Studios.