hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Stillman
Samuel Stillman (1737–1807) was an American Baptist minister. From 1765 until his death in 1807, Stillman served as pastor of Boston's First Baptist Church of Boston, Massachusetts; for these 42 years, Stillman was considered "the leading Baptist minister in New England, if not the United States." Stillman was an original trustee of Rhode Island College (now Brown University) and played a leading role in the establishment of the Massachusetts Baptist Missionary Society in 1802.

History of Brown University
The history of Brown University spans 261 years. Founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the third-oldest institution of higher education in New England. At its foundation, the university was the first in the U.S. to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation. Brown's medical program is the third-oldest in New England while its engineering program is the oldest in the Ivy League.

The university was one of the early doctoral-granting U.S. institutions in the late 19th century, adding masters and doctoral studies in 1887.

In 1969, Brown adopted its Open Curriculum—which has since come to define the university's approach to undergraduate education. In 1971, Brown's coordinate women's institution, Pembroke College, was fully merged into the university.
Foca-class submarine
The Foca class were a group of three minelaying submarines built for the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) during the 1930s. All three sister ships played minor roles during the Second World War. One was lost to unknown causes while trying to lay a minefield off British Palestine in 1940, but the other two survived the war to be discarded in 1947.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
Wheelchair tennis at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Quad singles
The quad singles wheelchair tennis tournament at the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro was held at the Olympic Tennis Centre in the Barra Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 9 to 13 September 2016.

Olympic Tennis Centre (Rio de Janeiro)
The Olympic Tennis Centre (Portuguese: Centro Olímpico de Tênis) is a tennis venue located in the Barra Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The centre hosted tennis events of the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the wheelchair tennis events of the 2016 Summer Paralympics. The centre was built on the site of the former Nelson Piquet International Autodrome.
María Eugenia Jiménez Valenzuela
María Eugenia Jiménez Valenzuela (born 7 November 1940) is a Mexican politician formerly affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution. As of 2014 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Nayarit. She also served as Mayor of Tepic from 2001 to 2002.

Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
Aïn Defla Province
Aïn Defla (Arabic: ولاية عين الدفلى, is a wilaya (province) in northern Algeria, located to the southwest of Algiers, the capital. Localities in Ain Delfa include Aïn Defla, Miliana, El Attaf, Djelida and Djendel.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
Malmøykalven
Malmøykalven is an island in the Oslofjord in Oslo, Norway. It has an area of 98,000 m2, and is located west of the island of Malmøya, separated from Malmøya by a narrow strait. Malmøykalven is included in the Malmøya og Malmøykalven Nature Reserve, which was established in 2008.

Oslofjord
The Oslofjord (Norwegian: Oslofjorden, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈʊ̂ʂlʊˌfjuːɳ]; English: Oslo Fjord) is an inlet in southeastern Norway. The 120-kilometre (75 mi) fjord begins at the small village of Bonn in Frogn Municipality and stretching northwards to the city of Oslo, and then curving to the east and then south again. It then flows south to an imaginary line running between the Torbjørnskjær Lighthouse and Færder Lighthouse where it becomes part of the Skagerrak strait. The Skagerrak connects the North Sea and the Kattegat sea area, which leads to the Baltic Sea. The Oslofjord is not a fjord in the geological sense, but in the Norwegian language, the term fjord can refer to a wide range of waterways including inlets such as this one.

The bay is divided into the inner (indre) and outer (ytre) Oslofjord, separated by the 17 km (11 mi) long by 1 km (0.62 mi) wide Drøbak Sound. The innermost part is known as Bunnefjorden.
Līksna Parish
Līksna Parish (Latvian: Līksnas pagasts, Latgalian: Leiksnys pogosts) is an administrative unit of Augšdaugava Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia.

Before the Latvian administrative reform of 2021, it had been a part of Daugavpils Municipality, Daugavpils district, Daugavpils apriņķis etc.

Latgalian language
Latgalian (latgalīšu volūda, Latvian: latgaliešu valoda) is an East Baltic language. The language law of Latvia classifies it as a "historical variant of the Latvian language". It is mostly spoken in Latgale, the eastern part of Latvia. The 2011 Latvian census established that 164,500 of Latvia's inhabitants, or 8.8% of the population, speak Latgalian daily. 97,600 of them lived in Latgale, 29,400 in Riga and 14,400 in the Riga Planning Region.
Durkin Opening
The Durkin Opening, also known as the Durkin Attack or the Sodium Attack is a rarely-played chess opening that consists of the following move:

1. Na3

The Durkin Opening is named for Robert T. Durkin (1923–2014) of New Jersey. The name "Sodium Attack" comes from the algebraic notation 1.Na3, as Na is the chemical symbol for the element sodium. Similarly, the Amar Opening (1.Nh3) is sometimes referred to as the "Ammonia Opening". White may follow up by playing c4, e.g. 1...d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nxc4.

Chemical symbol
Chemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry, mainly for chemical elements, but also for functional groups, chemical compounds, and other entities. Element symbols for chemical elements, also known as atomic symbols, normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and are written with the first letter capitalised.
Michael the Brave Boulevard
Michael the Brave Boulevard (Romanian: Bulevardul Mihai Viteazul) is a boulevard in Timișoara, Romania. It is a continuation of King Ferdinand I Boulevard and ends in Nicolae Bălcescu Square, the core of the Elisabetin district. Notably, in its eastern part is the campus of the Politehnica University.

Politehnica University of Timișoara
Politehnica University of Timișoara (Romanian: Universitatea Politehnica Timișoara; abbreviated UPT) is a public university in Timișoara. Founded in 1920, it is one of the largest technical universities in Central and Eastern Europe. The 10 faculties of the university provide study programs for about 13,000 students. In 2011, Politehnica University of Timișoara was classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education. The university is a founding member of the Romanian Alliance of Technical Universities (ARUT).
Anthene kamilila
Anthene kamilila is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya and Tanzania (the Kigoma district and the north-western part of the country). The habitat consists of forests.

Adult males have been observed to mud-puddle, a behavior which seeks out nutrients in certain moist substances, that is common to insects such as butterflies.

Kigoma
Kigoma is a city and lake port in Kigoma-Ujiji District in Tanzania, on the northeastern shores of Lake Tanganyika and close to the border with Burundi and The Democratic Republic of the Congo. It serves as the capital for the surrounding Kigoma Region and has a population of 232,388 (2022 census). The city is situated at an elevation of 775 metres (2,543 ft).

The historic trading town of Ujiji is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-east of Kigoma.
Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature
The National museum of Azerbaijan literature, named after Nizami Ganjavi (Azerbaijani: Nizami Gəncəvi adına Milli Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatı muzeyi) is a museum in Baku, established in 1939. It is located near the entrance of Icheri Sheher, not far from the Fountains Square. The museum is considered one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture.

Culture of Azerbaijan
The culture of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan mədəniyyəti) combines a diverse and heterogeneous set of elements which developed under the influence of Iranic, Turkic and Caucasian cultures. Azerbaijani culture includes its cuisine, literature, folk art, architecture and music.
Petar Čortanović
Petar Čortanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Чортановић) or Čortanovački (Чортановачки, 1800–1868) was a Serbian painter.
He painted the wall frescoes of the Buđanovci Church in 1838, of the Karlovčić Church in 1845. In 1856 he painted the Battle of Kosovo and members of the Lazarević dynasty.

Karlovčić
Karlovčić (Serbian Cyrillic: Карловчић) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Pećinci municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,243 people (2002 census).
Aaron Molyneaux Hewlett
Aaron Molyneaux Hewlett (c. 1820–1871) was an educator who was the first African American instructor at Harvard University where he oversaw the college's gymnasium. He is recognized as the first African American superintendent of physical education in American higher education. Hewlett was instructor and curator of the college gymnasium from its construction in 1859 until his death in 1871 and has been called the "Father of Boxing" at Harvard.

Gym
A gym, short for gymnasium (pl.: gymnasiums or gymnasia), is an indoor venue for exercise and sports. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term "gymnasion". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational institutions. "Gym" is also the commonly used name for a "fitness centre" or health club, which is often an area for indoor recreation. A "gym" may include or describe adjacent open air areas as well. In Western countries, "gyms" often describe places with indoor or outdoor courts for basketball, hockey, tennis, boxing or wrestling, and with equipment and machines used for physical development training, or to do exercises. In many European countries, Gymnasium (and variations of the word) also can describe a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university, with or without the presence of athletic courts, fields, or equipment.
Ludu Library
The Ludu Library and Archive (Burmese: လူထုစာကြည့်တိုက်နှင့်မော်ကွန်းတိုက်) is a public library and newspaper archive in Letsekan quarter, Chanayethazan Township, Mandalay, Myanmar. Construction began in 2000, and the library was formally founded in 2004 by the family of Ludu U Hla and his wife Daw Amar, prominent Burmese writers. The library was an extension of a private collection curated by the Ludu family and survived the 1984 Kya Gyi fire in Mandalay.

The library is a prominent reference library for Burmese scholars. Ludu Library possesses a collection of 50,000 books, 210 palm leaf manuscripts and 130 parabaiks, and also special collections of prominent Burmese writers, including Than Tun, Shwe U Daung, and Ludu Sein Win.

Folding book manuscript
Folding book manuscripts are a category of manuscript in the leporello format, a long strip folded back and forth upon itself. Often contextualized as a compromise between the scroll and a bound codex, the folding-book manuscript developed independently in various regions and times across the world, but largely saw major use in Pacific Asia and Mesoamerica.
Lewis Valentine
Lewis Edward Valentine M.A. (1 June 1893 – 1 March 1986) was a Welsh politician, Baptist pastor, author, editor, and Welsh-language activist. He was the first leader of the Welsh political party Plaid Cymru.

Finlandia hymn
The Finlandia hymn (Finnish: Finlandia-hymni) refers to a serene hymn-like section of the patriotic symphonic poem Finlandia, written in 1899 and 1900 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. It was later re-worked by the composer into a stand-alone piece. With words written in 1940 by Veikko Antero Koskenniemi, it is one of the most important national songs of Finland. Although not the official national anthem of Finland, it has been continuously proposed as such.

Other major uses of the tune include several Christian hymns and other national songs.
Low Winter Sun (American TV series)
Low Winter Sun is an American crime drama television series that aired on AMC from August 11 to October 6, 2013, for one season consisting of ten episodes. The series was developed by Chris Mundy and starred Mark Strong and Lennie James. It is based upon the 2006 British two-part miniseries of the same name which also starred Strong in the same role. Filmed and set in Detroit, Michigan, the series follows detectives Frank Agnew and Joe Geddes after they murder a corrupt cop and attempt to cover it up, and explores organized crime in Detroit. The series received generally mixed reviews and AMC announced in December 2013 that it had canceled the series.

Sprague Grayden
Sprague Grayden (born July 21, 1980) is an American actress. She played schoolteacher Heather Lisinski in the television drama Jericho, Karen Kawalski in John Doe, first daughter Olivia Taylor in the television thriller 24, and Kristi Rey in the films Paranormal Activity 2 and 3.
Karukaputhur
Karukaputhur also spell as Karukaputhoor, is a place on the Pattambi taluk, Palakkad district of Kerala. This area part of the Thrithala legislative assembly and Thirumittacode Panchayath. It is a fast growing semi-urban centre in the eastern part of Palakkad district which is nearer to Thrissur town than Palakkad town.

Kerala Kalamandalam
Kerala Kalamandalam, a deemed-to-be-University of Art and Culture by the Government of India, is a major centre for learning Indian performing arts, especially those that developed in the country's southern states, with special emphasis on those from Kerala. The institution, on the banks of the Bharathapuzha river, is situated in the small town of Cheruthuruthi in Thrissur district.
Balkana Lake
Balkana (Bosnian/Serbian cyrillic: Балкана) is an artificial lake located on the slopes of Lisina mountain, in the municipality of Mrkonjić Grad, entity of Republika Srpska, in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lake, actually, consists of two separate, though connected via small outcomes, basins, upper as larger and lower as smaller, with very small difference in water tables levels.
Total area of both basins is 56.000 m2 (602.78 sq ft). Balkana gets its waters from several mountain springs and two small mountain streams, Cjepalo and Skakavac, while its outflow is Crna Rijeka (English: Black River), which runs through Mrkonjić Grad from south to north, and joins Vrbas after 17 km (11 mi).

Vrbas (river)
The Vrbas (Serbian Cyrillic: Врбас, pronounced [ʋr̩̂ba(ː)s]) is a major river with a length of 250 kilometres (160 mi), in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a right tributary of the Sava river. The city of Banja Luka is located on the river banks.

The river is the main watercourse of Banja Luka and before Banja Luka.  With its blue-green color, it's one of the most beautiful rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2016 All-SEC football team
The 2016 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by the Associated Press (AP) and the conference coaches for the 2016 Southeastern Conference football season.

The Alabama Crimson Tide won the conference, beating the Florida Gators 54 to 16 in the SEC Championship.

Alabama quarterback Jalen Hurts was voted the AP SEC Offensive Player of the Year. Alabama defensive end Jonathan Allen was voted the AP SEC Defensive Player of the Year.

2016 SEC Championship Game
The 2016 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 3, 2016, in the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, and determined the 2016 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game was played between the Eastern Division champion, Gators, and Western Division champion Alabama. The Eastern Division team was the designated home team, and the game was broadcast nationally by CBS for the 16th consecutive year. This was the final SEC Championship Game in the Georgia Dome, which was demolished on November 20, 2017, after its successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, opened on August 26 of the same year. The title game moved to the new stadium and will remain there through at least 2027.

Alabama earned a berth in the SEC Championship on November 12 after clinching the SEC West.
Nekkeveld
Nekkeveld is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 8 km north of Amersfoort.

Nekkeveld is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. It was first mentioned in 1250 as "in Ekelenvelde", and means field with oak trees. There are no official place name signs, however a farmer has put a sign in its driveway. Nekkeveld consists of about 7 houses.

Amersfoort
Amersfoort (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːmərsfoːrt] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands. As of 31 January 2023, the municipality had a population of 160,902, making it the second-largest of the province and fifteenth-largest of the country. Amersfoort is also one of the largest Dutch railway junctions with its three stations—Amersfoort Centraal, Schothorst and Vathorst—due to its location on two of the Netherlands' main east to west and north to south railway lines. The city was used during the 1928 Summer Olympics as a venue for the modern pentathlon events. Amersfoort marked its 750th anniversary as a city in 2009.
Sauzé-Vaussais
Sauzé-Vaussais (French pronunciation: [soze vosɛ]) is a former commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France. On 1 January 2025, it was merged into the new commune of Sauzé-entre-Bois. The surrounding area is strongly agricultural, with many business relating to agriculture and wood / forestry management. The weekly market is popular, with a range of stalls selling local produce. The market is visited by English stallholders, serving the local expat population.

The residents shorten its name to Sauzé. The area surrounding the village is a popular location for British expats, the village featuring an English speaking cafe and many local businesses.

Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres (French pronunciation: [dø sɛvʁ] ⓘ, Poitevin-Saintongese: Deùs Saevres) is a French department. Deux-Sèvres literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 374,878 in 2019.
Prostanthera rotundifolia
Prostanthera rotundifolia, commonly known as round-leaved mintbush or round-leaf mint-bush is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an erect shrub with aromatic branches covered with short hairs and glands, egg-shaped to more or less round leaves and purple to mauve or pinkish flowers on the ends of branchlets.

Gland (botany)
In plants, a gland is defined functionally as a plant structure which secretes one or more products.  This may be located on or near the plant surface and secrete externally, or be internal to the plant and secrete into a canal or reservoir.  Examples include glandular hairs, nectaries, hydathodes, and the resin canals in Pinus.
Soundfield microphone
The Soundfield microphone is an audio microphone composed of four closely spaced subcardioid or cardioid (unidirectional) microphone capsules arranged in a tetrahedron. It was invented by Michael Gerzon and Peter Craven, and is a part of, but not exclusive to, Ambisonics, a surround sound technology. It can function as a mono, stereo or surround sound microphone, optionally including height information.

Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (pl.: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a  triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra.

The tetrahedron is the three-dimensional case of the more general concept of a Euclidean simplex, and may thus also be called a 3-simplex.

The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron, the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".

Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.

For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.
Arthrosphaera brandtii
Arthrosphaera brandtii, the Tanzanian pill bug millipede, is a species of pill millipede in the family Arthrosphaeridae. It is found in many African and Asian countries including India and Sri Lanka. Mature individuals of the species reach 3–4 cm in length. Adults are pale brown in colour with black lines in between the segments, whereas juveniles are dark brown. The species is one of the most commonly kept giant pill millipede species within the exotic pet keeping hobby. An introduced population of Arthrosphaera brandtii exists on the Usambara Mountains of Tanzania.

Pill millipede
Pill millipedes are any members of two living (and one extinct) orders of millipedes, often grouped together into a single superorder, Oniscomorpha. The name Oniscomorpha refers to the millipedes' resemblance to certain woodlice (Oniscidea), also called pillbugs or roly-polies. However, millipedes and woodlice are not closely related (belonging to the subphyla Myriapoda and Crustacea, respectively); rather, this is a case of convergent evolution.