hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Merlin Swartz
Merlin Swartz (July 31, 1933 – February 21, 2022) was an American scholar of religion.

Swartz attended Eastern Mennonite University (BA, 1955), Goshen College (BD, 1960), and Harvard University (PhD, 1967). He was Professor Emeritus of Religion (Islamic Studies) at Boston University, having taught previously at the American University in Beirut and Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies. His research and teaching focused primarily on the religious and intellectual history of medieval Islam.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Saner (surname)
Saner is a surname. People with the surname include:

Ersan Saner (born 1966), Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus

Hulki Saner (1923–2005), Turkish film director, screenwriter and producer

Julia Saner (born 1992), Swiss model

Marc Saner (born 1961), biotechnology researcher and professor

Othmar Saner (fl. 1930s–1940s), Swiss footballer

Reg Saner (1928 –2021), American poet and academic

Othmar Saner
Othmar Saner was a Swiss footballer who played in the late 1930s and early 1940s. He played as a forward.

Saner joined Basel's first team during their 1936–37 season. After one test game, he played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 27 December 1936 as Basel were defeated 0–3 by Lausanne-Sport. He scored his first goal for his club on 28 February 1937 in the away game at the Charmilles Stadium against Servette as Basel were beaten 1–3.

Between 1936 and 1939 Saner played 43 games for Basel scoring 12 goals; 34 of these games were in the Nationalliga, 3 in the Swiss Cup and 6 were friendly games. He scored eight goals in the domestic league, one in the cup competition and the other three during the test games.

Following his time in Basel, Saner moved on and played one season for Cantonal Neuchatel. He played for Young Fellows Zürich in the 1942–43 Nationalliga season.
New Zealand Idol season 1
The first season of New Zealand Idol was produced by Fremantle Media subsidiary Grundy Television in association with UK company 19TV, and was broadcast on TVNZ in the early half of 2004. The judges were Paul Ellis, Fiona McDonald and Frankie Stevens.

Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)
"Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)" is a song by British musician Elton John and lyricist Bernie Taupin, which first appeared on his sixteenth album Jump Up! released in 1982. It was the album's second single in the UK, and the lead single in the United States. The song is a tribute to John Lennon, who had been murdered 15 months earlier.  In the U.S., "Empty Garden" reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 record chart.  It peaked at number 51 in the UK singles chart.
HMS Gurkha
Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Gurkha, while two have been named HMS Ghurka, after a people who originate in Nepal and who serve with distinction in the British Army as part of the Brigade of Gurkhas.

HMS Ghurka (1888) was the name assigned to Torpedo Boat No 7, launched for the Royal Indian Marine in 1888, transferred to the Royal Navy in 1892, renamed No 101 in 1901 and sold in 1920

HMS Ghurka (1907) was a Tribal-class destroyer launched in 1907 and sunk by a mine in 1917

HMS Gurkha (F20) was a Tribal-class destroyer launched in 1937 and sunk in an air attack in 1940

HMS Gurkha (G63) was an L-class destroyer built as HMS Larne (G63), but renamed in 1940 after the loss of the previous Gurkha, and launched later that year. She was sunk in 1942.

HMS Gurkha (F122) was a Tribal-class frigate launched in 1960 and sold to Indonesia in 1984, being renamed Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes, until being deleted in 2000

Tribal-class destroyer (1905)
The Tribal or F class was a class of destroyers built for the Royal Navy. Twelve ships were built between 1905 and 1908 and all saw service during World War I, where they saw action in the North Sea and English Channel as part of the 6th Flotilla and Dover Patrols.
Les Planes d'Hostoles
Les Planes d'Hostoles (Catalan pronunciation: [ləs ˈplanəz ðusˈtɔləs]) is a village and municipality in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 37.51 square kilometres (14.48 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 1,694.

From 1900, Les Planes d'Hostoles was linked to Girona by the narrow gauge Olot–Girona railway, which was extended to Sant Feliu de Pallerols in 1902 and Olot in 1911. The line closed in 1969 and has since been converted into a greenway.

There are lots of waterfalls in the area, and one hotel in town.

Greenway (landscape)
A greenway is usually a shared-use path along a strip of undeveloped land, in an urban or rural area, set aside for recreational use or environmental protection. Greenways are frequently created out of disused railways, canal towpaths, utility company rights of way, or derelict industrial land. Greenways can also be linear parks, and can serve as wildlife corridors. The path's surface may be paved and often serves multiple users: walkers, runners, bicyclists, skaters and hikers. A characteristic of greenways, as defined by the European Greenways Association, is "ease of passage": that is that they have "either low or zero gradient", so that they can be used by all "types of users, including mobility impaired people".

In Southern England, the term also refers to ancient trackways or green lanes, especially those found on chalk downlands, like the Ridgeway.
Marjolein van 't Geloof
Maria Apolonia "Marjolein" van 't Geloof (born 27 March 1996) is a Dutch professional racing cyclist, who rides for UCI Women's ProTeam Arkéa–B&B Hotels Women. During her career, Van' t Geloof has taken one professional victory, at the 2022 Grote Prijs Beerens.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
RS21
The RS21 is a class of one-design keelboat first launched in 2018 by RS Sailing.The boat was designed for between 3 and 5 people to race competitively, although it is most commonly sailed with 4 sailors. Jo Richards and Guy Whitehouse designed the boat.

The class gained World Sailing class status in 2021 and held it first recognised World Championship. With the initial fleet in Europe being joined by fleets in North America  the class continues to grow. A detuned "club" version of the boat is available for sale training and fleet charter use.

The class has held an annual RS21 World Championship since 2022.

One-design racing
One-design racing is a racing method which may be adopted in sports using complex equipment, whereby all vehicles have identical or very similar designs or models, avoiding the need for a handicap system.
Arrondissement of Thionville-Est
The arrondissement of Thionville-Est is a former arrondissement of France in the Moselle department in the Lorraine region. In 2015 it was merged into the new arrondissement of Thionville. It had 75 communes, and its population was 79,847 (2012).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
2020–21 Tigres UANL season
During the 2020–21 season, Tigres UANL competed in the Liga MX, the latter stages of the delayed 2020 CONCACAF Champions League and the FIFA Club World Cup, having qualified for the latter competition after winning the Champions League in December 2020.

Guardianes 2020 Liga MX championship stage
The Torneo Guardianes 2020 (stylized as Guard1anes) Liga MX final phase was played between 21 November 2020 to 13 December 2020. A total of 12 teams competed in the final phase to decide the champions of the Guardianes 2020 Liga MX season. For the first time since the Clausura 2008 season, an additional qualifying round, the reclassification or repechaje, was employed, expanding the number of playoff spots from eight to 12.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, all matches of the final phase, except for the first leg of the quarter-final between Guadalajara and América, were played behind closed doors.

Both finalists qualified to the 2022 CONCACAF Champions League.
Paracossulus
Paracossulus thrips is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. The habitat consists of exclaves of open steppe vegetation on sands or loess and xerophilous grasslands on alkaline substrates.

The larvae bore the roots of Artemisia species.

Xerophile
A xerophile (from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xerós), meaning "dry", and φίλος (phílos), meaning "loving") is an extremophilic organism that can grow and reproduce in conditions with a low availability of water, also known as water activity.

Xerophiles are "xerotolerant", meaning tolerant of dry conditions. They can often survive in environments with water activity below 0.8; above which is typical for most life on Earth. Typically xerotolerance is used with respect to matrix drying, where a substance has a low water concentration. These environments include arid desert soils. The term osmophile, or osmotolerant, is typically applied to microorganisms that can grow in solutions with high solute concentrations (salts, sugars), such as halophiles.
Ytalo Manzo
Ytalo Rodulfo Manzo Santos (born 4 August 1974) is a Peruvian football manager and former player who played as a goalkeeper.

After playing mainly for Peruvian Segunda División sides, Manzo started working as a goalkeeping coach, being also an interim manager at Unión Comercio and Sport Boys. For the 2022 season, he was definitely appointed manager of the latter.

Liga 2 (Peru)
The Liga 2, known as Liga 2 Caja Cusco for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest division in the Peruvian football league system. Founded in 1943 as the Segunda División, it is a professional and promotional division organized by the Peruvian Football Federation. Since 2026, it has been contested by 18 teams, with promotion to the Liga 1, and relegation to the Liga 3.
Nagarame Nanni
Nagarame Nanni is a 1967 Malayalam language film, written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair and directed by A. Vincent. The film stars Madhu, Prem Nazir, Usha Nandhini and K. P. Ummer among others. The film tells the story of a family that migrates from a village to the city of Madras in search of a better life. The theme was about the lure of the city and how the dreams of villagers are shattered by its inexorable logic of greed. The plot is similar to the 1964 film Birds of Exile (Turkish original title: Gurbet Kuşları) by Halit Refiğ. K. Balachander's Tamil film Pattina Pravesam (1977) was based on all these three films.

Film expert B. Vijayakumar of The Hindu described the film as "one of the best social movies produced in Malayalam."

Halit Refiğ
Halit Refiğ (5 March 1934 – 11 October 2009) was a Turkish film director, film producer, screenwriter and writer. He made around sixty films, including feature films, documentaries and TV serials. He is considered to be the pioneer of the National Cinema movement and the initiator of the production of TV serials in Turkey.
Castlebawn
Castlebawn is a 16th-century tower house, in County Clare, Ireland. It is on a small island on Lough Derg on the River Shannon, it is connected to the shore of Bealkelly by a man-made causeway. It was built by the McNamaras about 1540, severely damaged in 1827, but is now restored although public access is not permitted to the castle.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
Edmund Veesenmayer
Edmund Veesenmayer (12 November 1904 – 24 December 1977) was a high-ranking German SS functionary and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era. He significantly contributed to the Holocaust in Hungary and in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH). Veesenmayer was a subordinate of Ernst Kaltenbrunner and Joachim von Ribbentrop, and worked with Adolf Eichmann. He was involved in dismembering Czechoslovakia in 1939,
in the establishment of the Ustaše-run NDH puppet state following the April 1941 German invasion of Yugoslavia, and in the selection and installation of the 1941–1944 puppet regime of Milan Nedić in the German-occupied territory of Serbia. After World War II Veesenmayer was tried and convicted at the Ministries Trial; in 1949 he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment, but was released after serving two years.

Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.
Netherbird
Netherbird was a Swedish metal band from Stockholm. Their signature sound was heavily influenced by the early 1990s Scandinavian black and death metal, as well as elements of doom, gothic and heavy metal present.

Paradise Lost (band)
Paradise Lost are a British gothic metal band. Formed in Halifax, West Yorkshire, in 1988, they are considered to be among the pioneers of the death-doom genre, and regarded as the main influence for the later gothic metal movement. As of 2005, Paradise Lost have sold over two million albums worldwide.

Their line-up has remained stable for such a long-standing heavy metal band, consisting of singer Nick Holmes, guitarists Greg Mackintosh and Aaron Aedy, and bassist Steve Edmondson. Holmes and Mackintosh are the principal composers, with almost all of the band's songs credited to them. During the years, the band have only changed drummers.
Qullqa Punta
Qullqa Punta (Quechua qullqa, qulqa deposit, storehouse, punta peak; ridge; first, before, in front of, "deposit peak", also spelled Julca Punta) is a  4,542-metre-high (14,902 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Huánuco Region, Yarowilca Province, Aparicio Pomares District.

Department of Huánuco
Huánuco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwanuko]; Quechua: Wanuku) is a department of Peru. It is bordered by the La Libertad, San Martín, Loreto and Ucayali departments in the north, Ucayali to the east, Pasco to the south and Lima and Ancash to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huánuco.

Huánuco has a rugged topography, comprising parts of the Sierra and the High Jungle (mountain rim) regions. Being equidistant from the north and the south of the country, it has the privilege of having a mild weather with an average annual temperature of 20 °C (68 °F).

This region is important for its geographical location, history, and for the richness of its land, where the presence of man goes back to ancient times. El Hombre de Lauricocha (Man of Lauricocha) is among the most distinctive examples, dating from 10,000 BC, as well as Kotosh, where vestiges of the oldest settlement in the Americas (4200 BC) took place.
2024 Libertarian National Convention
The 2024 Libertarian National Convention was a political event to select the Libertarian Party nominees for president and vice president in the 2024 election. It was held from May 24 to the early morning of May 27, 2024, at the Washington Hilton in Washington, D.C.

Libertarian National Committee
The Libertarian National Committee (LNC) controls and manages the affairs, properties, and funds of the United States Libertarian Party. It is composed of the party officers, five at-large representatives elected every two years at the national convention, and a theoretical maximum of 10 regional representatives. The current chair is Steven Nekhaila, who was elected in a special election on February 2, 2025, following the resignation of previous chair Angela McArdle in the wake of a scandal over her giving a contract to a company set up by her partner, without disclosing the conflict of interest as required by the LNC Policy Manual.

The LNC has lobbied or filed lawsuits against laws and regulations that restrict contributions to parties and candidates.
James Rhodes (cricketer)
James Rhodes (27 July 1866 – 26 August 1939) was an English cricketer active in 1890s. Born at Aston, Warwickshire, Rhodes was a right-handed batsman.

Rhodes made his debut in first-class cricket for Warwickshire against Derbyshire at Edgbaston in the 1895 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in what was his only season of first-class cricket. He scored 89 runs in his three first-class matches, top-scoring with 64, made on debut.

He died at Solihull, Warwickshire on 26 August 1939.

Edgbaston
Edgbaston (/ˈɛdʒbəstən/) is a suburb of Birmingham, West Midlands, England. It lies immediately south-west of Birmingham city centre, and was historically in Warwickshire. The wards of Edgbaston and North Edgbaston had a combined population of 42,295 at the 2021 census.

Edgbaston is the location of Edgbaston Cricket Ground, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, the Midlands Arts Centre and the Edgbaston Archery and Lawn Tennis Society, the oldest lawn tennis club in the world.
Inge von Bönninghausen
Inge von Bönninghausen (born 20 September 1938 in Uerdingen, Niederrhein) is a German journalist and feminist. She ran the television programme Frauen-Fragen (later Frau-TV) on WDR television and was a co-founder of the Journalistinnenbund in 1988. From 2000 to 2004 she was chairwoman of the German Women's Council.

Uerdingen
Uerdingen (German pronunciation: [ˈyːɐ̯dɪŋən]) is a district of the city of Krefeld, Germany, with a population of 17,888 (2019). Originally a separate city in its own right, Uerdingen merged with the city of Krefeld in 1929.  Today, Uerdingen is best known for a local distillery and a railcar factory, and is the eponym of the Uerdingen line.
Hannah Miley
Hannah Louise Miley (born 8 August 1989) is a Scottish former competitive swimmer who specialised in the Individual Medley. Miley trained when she was younger at Inverurie Swimming Centre. She has represented Great Britain at three Olympic Games, reaching the final of the 400 metres individual medley on each occasion, finishing sixth in 2008, fifth in 2012 and fourth in 2016. Also in the 400 m individual medley, she is a former World short-course champion (2012), European champion (2010), and two-time European short-course champion (2009 and 2012) representing Great Britain, and a two-time Commonwealth champion (2010 and 2014) representing Scotland.

Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The swimming competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 13 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. The women's open-water marathon was held on August 15, and the men's open water race on August 16 in Fort Copacabana.
Make and Break Harbour
"Make and Break Harbour" is a song by the Canadian folk singer Stan Rogers, first recorded as the 11th track on the album Fogarty's Cove in 1976. Standing with a significant portion of Rogers' work, the song features two common themes found within his other work: life on the sea and the endangered traditions that life encompasses.

Fogarty's Cove
Fogarty's Cove is a 1977 folk music album by Stan Rogers. It was his first album, released by Barnswallow Records, which was then purchased by Stan Rogers and made into Fogarty's Cove Records.

The CD was one of several Stan Rogers albums reissued in 2011 by Borealis Records. The reissued CDs featured completely new cover artwork.
Web container
A web container (also known as a servlet container;
and compare "webcontainer") is the component of a web server that interacts with Jakarta Servlets. A web container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of servlets, mapping a URL to a particular servlet and ensuring that the URL requester has the correct access-rights. A web container handles requests to servlets, Jakarta Server Pages (JSP) files, and other types of files that include server-side code. The Web container creates servlet instances, loads and unloads servlets, creates and manages request and response objects, and performs other servlet-management tasks. A web container implements the web component contract of the Jakarta EE architecture. This architecture specifies a runtime environment for additional web components, including security, concurrency, lifecycle management, transaction, deployment, and other services.

Concurrency (computer science)
In computer science, concurrency refers to the ability of a system to execute multiple tasks through simultaneous execution or time-sharing (context switching), sharing resources and managing interactions. Concurrency improves responsiveness, throughput, and scalability in modern computing, including:

Operating systems and embedded systems

Distributed systems, parallel computing, and high-performance computing

Database systems, web applications, and cloud computing
John Hughes (footballer, born 1877)
John Hughes  (16 April 1877 – 5 July 1950) was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales national football team, playing 3 matches. He played his first match on 6 March 1905 against Scotland and his last match on 8 April 1905 against Ireland. At club level, Hughes played for New Brighton Tower, Aberdare Athletic, Liverpool and Plymouth Argyle.

New Brighton Tower F.C.
New Brighton Tower Football Club was a short-lived football club based in New Brighton, Merseyside, England. Established in 1896, the club spent three seasons in the Football League before folding in 1901. They played at the Tower Athletic Ground.