hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrew Fairfoul
Andrew Fairfoul (1610–7 November 1663) was the first post-Restoration Archbishop of Glasgow, from 1661 until his death in November 1663. He became Chancellor of the University of Glasgow after his consecration as Archbishop.

Archbishop of Glasgow
The Archbishop of Glasgow is an archiepiscopal title that takes its name after the city of Glasgow in Scotland. The position and title were abolished by the Church of Scotland in 1689; and, in the Catholic Church, the title was restored by Pope Leo XIII in 1878. In the Scottish Episcopal Church, it is now part of the Episcopal bishopric of Glasgow and Galloway.

The present Catholic archbishop is William Nolan, who was installed on 26 February 2022.
Martin Rejthar
Martin Rejthar (born October 13, 1971) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Rejthar played 50 games in the Czech Extraliga for HC Plzeň and HC Karlovy Vary. He also played six seasons for AaB Ishockey in Denmark from 2001 to 2007, playing 183 games for the team.

HC Škoda Plzeň
HC Škoda Plzeň is a professional ice hockey team based in Plzeň, Czech Republic and was founded in 1929. They currently play in the Czech Extraliga, with their home games being held at Logspeed CZ Arena. In 2013, for the first time in history, HC Plzeň were the Czech Extraliga champions after beating Zlín 4:3 in the seventh game of the dramatic final.
Stagshaw Garden
Stagshaw Garden is a woodland garden situated south of Ambleside, in Cumbria, England, and in the ownership of the National Trust.

The garden is noted for its shrubs, including rhododendrons, azaleas and camellias.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Kristof Farms
Kristof Farms is an apple orchard and grape vineyard located in Willamette Valley of the United States, near the city of Yamhill, Oregon. The land was first homesteaded in the early 20th century and produced cherries until 2018, at which point the farm was converted to produce cider apples and pinot noir grapes.

Kristof Farms is featured in Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn's book Tightrope. The authors attribute their decision to plant high-value crops to research done for the book.

In an interview with local magazine Willamette Week, Kristof said, "Yamhill, in many ways, has done spectacularly well with the arrival of the wine and tourism industry. It truly is a spectacularly thriving and resilient place. America is also thriving and strong and resilient, yet there are a lot of Americans who have been left behind. So, by all means, readers should come to visit Yamhill and drink good Yamhill pinots while also understanding that there's a story beyond the vineyards."

Cider apple
Cider apples are a group of apple cultivars grown for their use in the production of cider (referred to as "hard cider" in the United States). Cider apples are distinguished from "cookers" and "eaters", or dessert apples, by their bitterness or dryness of flavour, qualities which make the fruit unpalatable but can be useful in cidermaking. Some apples are considered to occupy more than one category.

In the United Kingdom, the Long Ashton Research Station categorised cider apples in 1903 into four main types according to the proportion of tannins and malic acid in the fruit. For cider production, it is important that the fruit contains high sugar levels which encourage fermentation and raise the final alcohol levels. Cider apples therefore often have higher sugar levels than dessert and cooking apples. It is also considered important for cider apples to contribute tannins, which add depth to the finished cider's flavour.
Tian Dan
Tian Dan (traditional Chinese: 田單; simplified Chinese: 田单; pinyin: Tián Dān) was a general and nobleman of the major state of Qi during the Warring States period of ancient China. He was known for a spectacular military tactic called "Fire Cattle Columns". After the kingdom was nearly destroyed under the rule of King Min of Qi, he helped regain its territory and restored the king's son. He later fought the Beidi nomads, either in the far north or in areas in or between the various northern Chinese states.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.
Baijayant Panda
Baijayant "Jay" Panda (pronounced [bɔidʒɔjɔnt pɔɳɖa]; born 12 January 1964) is an Indian politician. He is the national vice president and spokesperson of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was a Member of Parliament in the 15th and 16th Lok Sabha from Kendrapara. He was also a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha for two terms from 2000 to 2009.

Elected from the Kendrapara constituency with a BJD ticket, Panda was suspended from the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) party for alleged anti-party activities on 24 January 2018 and resigned from BJD on 28 May 2018. He alleged there was a conspiracy against him. He joined BJP on 4 March 2019 at New Delhi.

15th Lok Sabha
Members of the 15th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2009 general election in India. It was dissolved on 18 May 2014 by President Pranab Mukherjee.

Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 44 more seats than the previous 14th Lok Sabha. The next 16th Lok Sabha was convened after 2014 Indian general election.

The Second Manmohan Singh ministry introduced a total of 222 Bills (apart from Finance and Appropriations Bills) in the 15th Lok Sabha. A total of 165 Bills were passed by the House, including bills introduced in previous Lok Sabhas.

14 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 15th Lok Sabha after the 2009 Indian general election.
Semeno-Makarovo
Semeno-Makarovo (Russian: Семено-Макарово; Bashkir: Семен-Макар, Semen-Makar) is a rural locality (a selo) in Yermekeyevsky Selsoviet, Yermekeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 332 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Yermekeyevsky District
Yermekeyevsky District (Russian: Ермеке́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Йәрмәкәй районы, Yärmäkäy rayonı; Tatar: Ярмәкәй районы, Yarmäkäy rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky District in the north, Belebeyevsky District in the east, Bizhbulyaksky District in the southeast, and with Orenburg Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,437 square kilometers (555 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yermekeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,162, with the population of Yermekeyevo accounting for 22.9% of that number.
Gobardhan Ash
Gobardhan Ash (5 August 1907 – 22 December 1996) was an Indian artist and an early modernist as per the art critic Sovom Som. Ebrahim Alkazi states that "Gobardhan wielded considerable influence as an artist in the 1940s". He co-founded the Art Rebel Center in 1933 and was a member of the Calcutta Group. He was mentored by and close to the artist Atul Bose. Gobardhan was employed as the Chief Artist at the Indian Institute of Arts and Industry in Kolkata in 1946 for a period of two years and subsequently employed from 1953 as a Senior Teacher at the Indian Art School of Kolkata. Ranjit Hoskote specifically identifies Gobardhan's 1948 - 1951 period wherein Gobardhan "focusses on creating a style similar to various idioms within pattachitra into a consciousness that is clearly aware of cinema and animation".

Ranjit Hoskote
Ranjit Hoskote (born 1969) is an Indian poet, art critic, cultural theorist and independent curator. He has been honoured by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, with the Sahitya Akademi Golden Jubilee Award and the Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation. In 2022, Hoskote received the 7th JLF-Mahakavi Kanhaiyalal Sethia Award for Poetry.
Chalakpur
Chalakpur is a village in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. It is 13 km away from Saharanpur  5 km from Sarsawa 3 km from ChilkanasultanPur  13 km from YamunaNagar 67 km From Ambala

30°03′N 77°27′E﻿ / ﻿30.050°N 77.450°E﻿ / 30.050; 77.450

Sarsawa
Sarsawa is a town at the border of Haryana and a municipal board in Saharanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Sarsawa is a Nagar Palika Parishad town in Nakur tehsil district of Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh. The Sarsawa city is divided into 25 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Sarsawa Nagar Palika Parishad has population of 18,956 of which 10,076 are males while 8,880 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.
Knickerbocker (Zamboanga)
Knickerbocker is an ice cream sundae dessert from Zamboanga City, Philippines made with various fresh fruit chunks, flavored gulaman (agar) cubes, and nata de coco in condensed milk topped with strawberry ice cream. The fruits used include mangoes, bananas, dragonfruit, papaya, honeydew melon, apples, grapes, cherries, pineapple and watermelon among others. Sometimes vanilla or chocolate ice cream may be used. Nuts are also sometimes added. It has sometimes been regarded as a variant of halo-halo, but differs from it in that the knickerbocker does not contain shaved ice.

It is most similar to the American and British sundae dessert, a knickerbocker glory, from which it was derived but it has different ingredients. The dish was first popularized by the Hacienda de Palmeras, a restaurant, before spreading throughout the city.

Vanilla ice cream
Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America, Asia, and Europe. The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream is unique by each location. In North America and Europe, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in Ireland, a more anise-like flavor is desired. Many people often consider vanilla to be the "default" flavor of ice cream (see "plain vanilla").

Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt. To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture had to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container to continue the solidification process.
7th PMPC Star Awards for Music
The Pamusikatan: 7th PMPC Star Awards for Music (organized by Philippine Movie Press Club headed by current president Joe Barrameda and produced by Airtime Marketing Philippines, Inc. headed by Tessie Celestino-Howard). It was held at the Kia Theatre, Araneta Center, Cubao, Quezon City on November 10, 2015, hosted by Kim Chiu and Enchong Dee with DJ Tom Taus, directed by Bert De Leon. It was aired on ABS-CBN's Sunday's Best on November 29 at 10:45pm.

Enchong Dee
Ernest Lorenzo "Enchong" Velasquez Dee (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈentʃɔŋ di], born November 5, 1988) is a Filipino swimmer, actor, performer, model, host and entrepreneur. Dee is a contract artist of ABS-CBN's Star Magic, and came to prominence after starring in the TV drama Katorse in 2009. He is the younger brother of actor and model, AJ Dee.
Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices
Ancient Greek funerary practices are attested widely in literature, the archaeological record, and in ancient Greek art. Finds associated with burials are an important source for ancient Greek culture, though Greek funerals are not as well documented as those of the ancient Romans.

Death in ancient Greek art
The theme of death within ancient Greek art has continued from the Early Bronze Age all the way through to the Hellenistic period. The Greeks used architecture, pottery, and funerary objects as different mediums through which to portray death. These depictions include mythical deaths, deaths of historical figures, and commemorations of those who died in war. This page includes various examples of the different types of mediums in which death is presented in Greek art.
Vanikoro whistler
The Vanikoro whistler (Pachycephala vanikorensis) is a passerine bird in the family Pachycephalidae, which is endemic to the southeast Santa Cruz Islands of the Solomon Islands group. The Nendo whistler and Utupua whistler were formerly treated as subspecies. Before the split the combined species were known by the English name "Temotu whistler".

Pachycephalidae
The Pachycephalidae (from Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús), meaning "thick", and κεφαλή (kephalḗ), meaning "head") are a family of bird species that includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and three of the pitohuis, and is part of the ancient Australo-Papuan radiation of songbirds. The family includes 69 species that are separated into five genera. Its members range from small to medium in size, and occupy most of Australasia. Australia and New Guinea are the centre of their diversity and, in the case of the whistlers, the South Pacific islands as far as Tonga and Samoa and parts of Asia as far as India. The exact delimitation of boundaries of the family are uncertain, and one species, the golden whistler, has been the subject of intense taxonomic scrutiny in recent years, with multiple subspecies and species-level revisions.
Main Bazaar
Main Bazaar is an important shopping locality in Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India. It forms part of Ward number 30 of the Ooty constituency. The bazaar features both government-run shops and privately owned shopping outlets. All the produce from in and around Ooty are sold in this bazaar. The different produce sold are different varieties of Tea, groceries and cutlery items. The other items sold in the place include paintings by local painters and clothing reflecting the local culture.

Ooty
Ooty (Tamil: [uːʈ(ː)i] ⓘ; officially Udagamandalam (Tamil: [uðɐhɐmɐɳɖɐlɐm]), anglicized: Ootacamund listenⓘ, abbreviated as Udagai, Tamil: [uðɐhɐi]) is a town and municipality in the Nilgiris district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 86 km (53 mi) northwest of Coimbatore, and is the headquarters of Nilgiris district. Situated in the Nilgiri hills, it is known by the epithet "King of all the Hill Stations", and is a popular tourist destination.

Originally occupied by the Toda people, the area came under the rule of the East India Company in the 18th century. It later served as the summer capital of Madras Presidency. The economy is based on the hospitality industry serving tourism and agriculture. The town is connected to the plains by the Nilgiri ghat roads and Nilgiri Mountain Railway.
Bishop's weed
Bishop's weed is a common name for several plants, all but one of which belong to the plant family Apiaceae.

Aegopodium podagraria, which is an invasive perennial weed of temperate regions, known also in English as ground elder.

Ammi majus, commonly known as bullwort, laceflower etc. Used to treat vitiligo.

Houttuynia cordata (family Saururaceae), known also as fish mint.

Trachyspermum ammi (known also as ajwain, carom etc.) the fruits of which are used as a spice and the leaves as a herb in parts of Asia and Africa.

Visnaga daucoides, known also as bisnaga, khella and toothpick-weed.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Ivan Matveyevich Zaitsev
Ivan Matveyevich Zaitsev (Russian: Иван Матвеевич Зайцев; 1 September 1879 – 22 November 1934) was an Orenburg Cossack, Major General (1919), a participant in the First World War, Commander of the 4th Isetsk–Stavropol Regiment of the Orenburg Cossack Army and Commander of Russian Troops in Khiva, Commissar of the Provisional Government in Khiva Possessions, Acting Chief of Staff of the Turkestan Military Organization, a participant in the Civil War on the side of the White Movement.

Verkhneuralsk
Verkhneuralsk (Russian: Верхнеура́льск) is a town and the administrative center of Verkhneuralsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the upper streams of the Ural River, 230 kilometers (140 mi) southwest of Chelyabinsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  9,457 (2010 Census); 10,054 (2002 Census); 10,893 (1989 Soviet census).
M. O. Joseph
Manjilas Ouseph Joseph (15 January 1929 – 8 January 2016) was a Malayali film producer. He produced over 30 films in the 1960s and 1970s, including Yakshi, Adimakal, Devi, Chattakkari, Anubhavangal Palichakal, and Punarjanmam. He received two Filmfare Awards South for Best Malayalam Film. His films also received awards, including the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam.

Anubhavangal Paalichakal
Anubhavangal Paalichakal (transl. Experiences and mistakes) is a 1971 Malayalam-language film scripted by Thoppil Bhasi and directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan. It is based on the novel of the same name written by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai. The film stars Sathyan, Prem Nazeer and Sheela. It was the last film of Sathyan, who died before all the scenes were shot. This movie also marks the on-screen debut of Mammootty who appears as a junior artist.
Sergei Nikolaev (linguist)
Sergei Lvovich Nikolaev (Russian: Серге́й Льво́вич Никола́ев; born 25 December 1954) is a Russian linguist, specialist in comparative historical linguistics, Slavic accentology and dialectology. He is the author of a number of books and articles on Indo-European studies, accentology, and Slavic dialectology. Nikolaev is a Doctor of Sciences in Philological Sciences.

He is also a major figure in the Moscow School of Comparative Linguistics.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Ed Harcourt
Edward Henry Richard Harcourt-Smith (born 14 August 1977) is an English singer-songwriter. To date, he has released ten studio albums, two EPs, and thirteen singles. His debut album, Here Be Monsters, was nominated for the 2001 Mercury Prize. Since 2007 he has been writing for other artists, including Sophie Ellis-Bextor and Paloma Faith, and has performed with Marianne Faithfull and the Libertines. His music is influenced by Tom Waits, Nick Cave, and Jeff Buckley, among others.

Meltdown (festival)
Meltdown is an annual festival held in London, featuring a mix of music, art, performance and film. Meltdown is held in June at Southbank Centre, the arts complex covering 21 acres (85,000 m2) and including the Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall and The Hayward. Each year, the festival chooses an established music artist or act as director of the event, and they pick the performers of their choosing. Directors of the festival have included Louis Andriessen, Elvis Costello, David Byrne, David Bowie, Patti Smith, Lee Scratch Perry, Morrissey, Jarvis Cocker, Nick Cave, Scott Walker, John Peel and Ornette Coleman, Grace Jones, and Chaka Khan. The festival has been held annually since 1993, except in 2006 when the Royal Festival Hall was closed for refurbishment, and when the 2020 Meltdown was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Indian laurel
Indian laurel can refer to:

Calophyllum inophyllum

Ficus microcarpa (Chinese Banyan, Malayan Banyan)

Ficus retusa

Litsea glutinosa

Terminalia elliptica

Though the leaves look similar, they are not at all related to Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis).

Litsea glutinosa
Litsea glutinosa is a rainforest tree in the laurel family, Lauraceae. Common names include soft bollygum, bolly beech, Bollywood, bollygum, brown bollygum, brown Bollywood, sycamore and brown beech.

The powdered bark, known as jigat, may be used as an adhesive paste in incense stick production.
Low-altitude parachute-extraction system
The low-altitude parachute-extraction system (LAPES) / Low-level parachute extraction resupply system (LOLEX) is a tactical military airlift delivery method where a fixed-wing cargo aircraft can deposit supplies in situations in which landing is not an option or in an area that is too small to accurately parachute supplies from a high altitude. This practice is no longer used in the USAF.

Fixed-wing aircraft
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft, and airplanes that use wing morphing are all classified as fixed wing.

Gliding fixed-wing aircraft, including free-flying gliders and tethered kites, can use moving air to gain altitude. Powered fixed-wing aircraft (airplanes) that gain forward thrust from an engine include powered paragliders, powered hang gliders and ground effect vehicles. Most fixed-wing aircraft are operated by a pilot, but some are unmanned or controlled remotely or are completely autonomous (no remote pilot).