hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhammad Kanzul Alam
Muhammad Kanzul Alam ibni Omar Ali Saifuddin I (died 1826) was the sultan of Brunei from 1807 until his death in 1826.

Kanzul Alam succeeded Muhammad Tajuddin as sultan of Brunei in 1807, but since he had broken a contract with his predecessor, his rule was marked by internal conflict. Even though Omar Ali Saifuddin II still possessed the royal regalia, his son Muhammad Alam felt entitled to the throne as he rose to prominence during his own rule. Perhaps as a result of Muhammad Alam's severe and autocratic actions, a civil war broke out between him and his followers after Kanzul Alam's death in 1826.

Regalia
Regalia (/rəˈɡeɪliə, -ˈɡeɪljə/ rə-GAY-lee-ə, -⁠GAYL-yə) is the set of emblems, symbols, or paraphernalia indicative of royal status, as well as rights, prerogatives and privileges enjoyed by a sovereign, regardless of title. The word originally referred to the elaborate formal dress and accessories of a sovereign, but now it also refers to any type of elaborate formal dress. The word stems from the Latin substantivation of the adjective regalis, "regal", itself from rex, "king". It is sometimes used in the singular, regale.
Claire Guyot
Claire Guyot (born 28 June 1966) is a French actress and singer, known for her prolific dubbing of foreign productions. She is also artistic director of dubbing.

Guyot has recently started to appear in theater productions. In 2010 she portrayed Donna in the musical Mamma Mia! at the Théâtre Mogador.

Théâtre Mogador
Théâtre Mogador (French pronunciation: [teɑtʁ mɔɡadɔʁ]), founded in 1913 with design by Bertie Crewe, is a Parisian music hall theatre located at 25, Rue de Mogador in the 9th arrondissement. It seats 1,600 people on three tiers (orchestra: 787 seats, boxes: 432 seats, balconies: 381 seats).
1988 United States Senate election in Mississippi
The 1988 United States Senate election in Mississippi was held on November 8, 1988. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John C. Stennis decided to retire instead of seeking a seventh full term. Republican Trent Lott won the open seat, becoming the first of his party to win this seat since 1874.

This was the first time since the end of Reconstruction in 1877 that Mississippi had two Republican senators serving concurrently.

1874–75 United States Senate elections
The 1874–75 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1874 and 1875, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

Although the Republican Party (the party of incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant) maintained their Senate majority, the Democratic Party gained nine seats.
Madoff (surname)
Madoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernie Madoff (1938–2021), American criminal whose US$65 billion Ponzi scheme employed many family members, including:
Ruth Madoff (born 1941), American bookkeeper and wife of Bernie Madoff
Mark Madoff (1964–2010), American financier and son of Bernie Madoff
Andrew Madoff (1966–2014), American financier and son of Bernie Madoff
Shana Madoff (born 1967), American attorney and niece of Bernie Madoff

Michelle Madoff (1928–2013), American politician; Pittsburgh councilwoman from 1978 to 1993

Ruth Madoff
Ruth Madoff (/ˈmeɪdɔːf/ MAY-doff; née Alpern; born May 18, 1941) is an American former bookkeeper and the widow of Bernie Madoff, the convicted American financial fraudster who served a prison sentence for a criminal financial scheme until his death in April 2021.

After her husband's arrest for his fraud, she and her husband attempted suicide in 2008. While she had $70 million in assets in her name, after her husband was imprisoned she was stripped of all of her money other than $2.5 million by the government, and by the trustee for her husband's firm, Irving Picard.
1987–88 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The 1987–88 FIS Cross-Country World Cup was the 7th official World Cup season in cross-country skiing for men and women. The World Cup started in La Clusaz, France, on 12 December 1987 and finished in Rovaniemi, Finland, on 27 March 1988. Gunde Svan of Sweden won the overall men's cup, and Marjo Matikainen of Finland won the women's.

The first ever mass start event in the World Cup was arranged in Kastelruth, Italy on 15 December 1987. Swede Torgny Mogren won the men's 30 km race. The first women's mass start event was won by Finnish skier Marjo Matikainen at Holmenkollen, Norway on 17 March 1988.

Kastelruth
Kastelruth (Austrian German: [ˌkastl̩ˈruːt]; Italian: Castelrotto [kaˌstɛlˈrotto]; Ladin: Ciastel) is a comune (municipality) and a village in South Tyrol in northern Italy, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the city of Bolzano. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Arkansas Forest Resource Center
The Arkansas Forest Resource Center is a University of Arkansas System Center of Excellence. It is primarily located on the University of Arkansas at Monticello campus, but center faculty members extend to Little Rock, Fayetteville, Hope, Pine Tree, and Batesville as well. It is both a major source of Arkansas Department of Agriculture research as well as the location of the University of Arkansas at Monticello's School of Forest Resources (which is the only Forestry School in Arkansas). The University of Arkansas' Spatial Analysis Lab is also located at AFRC.

Hope, Arkansas
Hope is a city in Hempstead County in southwestern Arkansas, United States. Hope is the county seat of Hempstead County and the principal city of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Hempstead and Nevada counties. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,095, and for the 2020 census, the population was 8,952.

Hope is the birthplace of three Arkansas governors: Bill Clinton (also President of the United States from 1993 to 2001), Mike Huckabee (who ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2016), and Sarah Huckabee Sanders (the incumbent governor and daughter of Mike Huckabee).
Fisher Youngster
The Fisher Youngster is a Canadian single-seat, conventional landing gear, single-engined, biplane kit aircraft designed for construction by amateur builders. The aircraft was inspired by the German Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister aerobatic aircraft of the 1930s.

Fisher Flying Products was originally based in Edgeley, North Dakota, USA but the company is now located in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada.

Vaughan
Vaughan (/vɑːn/ vawn) (2021 population 323,103) is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Regional Municipality of York, just north of Toronto. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991. In 2021, the population of Vaughan was 323,103. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the 17th-largest city in Canada.
Raymond Geuss
Raymond Geuss, FBA (/ɡɔɪs/; born 1946) is an American political philosopher and scholar of 19th and 20th century European philosophy. He is currently Emeritus Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Cambridge. Geuss is primarily known for three reasons: his early account of ideology critique in The Idea of a Critical Theory; a recent collection of works instrumental to the emergence of political realism in Anglophone political philosophy over the last decade, including Philosophy and Real Politics; and a variety of free-standing essays on issues including aesthetics, Nietzsche, contextualism, phenomenology, intellectual history, culture and ancient philosophy.

Western philosophy
Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions, and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics. The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), literally, 'the love of wisdom', from Ancient Greek: φιλεῖν (phileîn), 'to love', and σοφία (sophía), 'wisdom'.

Western philosophy stands in contrast to other cultural and regional traditions like Eastern philosophy.
Vasool
Vasool (transl. Money Recovery) is a 2008 Tamil language action drama film directed, produced and written by V. Rishiraj. The film stars newcomer Hemanth Kumar, Kiran Rathod and V. Rishiraj, with Besant Ravi, Mahanadi Shankar, Alex, Pallavi, Ashwatha, Fathima Babu, Lavanya, and K. R. Vatsala playing supporting roles. The film was released on 12 September 2008. The film was also dubbed into Telugu as Vasool Rani and was released on 12 March 2010 by Lakshmi Balaji Cinema Productions.

Pallavi (actress)
Pallavi is an Indian actress in Tamil and Kannada films from 1985 to 1993 and continued to pursue her career as a supporting actor.

She has acted alongside various lead actors including Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan, Ambareesh, Vijayakanth, Prabhu, Karthik, Murali, S. Ve. Shekher, Mohan, Arjun, Mukesh, Suresh Gopi, Pandiarajan and Shankar Nag. She was first introduced in Telugu by A. Kodandarami Reddy in the film, Illalu Priyuralu in 1984. Afterwards, she was introduced in Kannada by T.S.Nagabharana in the film, Nethra Pallavi in 1985 and then she was introduced in Tamil by actor Sivaji Ganesan in his home production, Aruvadai Naal starring his son, Prabhu in 1986.
Damage control (maritime)
In navies and the maritime industry, damage control is the emergency control of situations that may cause the sinking of a watercraft.

Examples are:

rupture of a pipe or hull especially below the waterline and

damage from grounding (running aground) or hard berthing against a wharf.

temporary fixing of bomb or explosive damage.

Wharf
A wharf (pl. wharves or wharfs), quay (/kiː/ kee, also /keɪ, kweɪ/ k(w)ay), staith, or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths (mooring locations), and may also include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships. Wharves are often considered to be a series of docks at which boats are stationed. A marginal wharf is connected to the shore along its full length.
Yves Nicolin
Yves Nicolin (French pronunciation: [iv nikɔlɛ̃]; born 5 March 1963) is the Mayor of Roanne.  He was a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the Loire's 5th constituency from 1993 to 2017 as a member of UDF, UMP and then the Republicans.

Mayor (France)
In France, a mayor (French: maire, pronounced [mɛʁ] ⓘ) is chairperson of the municipal council, which organises the work and deliberates on municipal matters. The mayor also has significant powers and their own responsibilities, such as the responsibility for the activities of municipal police and for the management of municipal staff.

The officeholder is also the representative of the state in the commune. As such, the mayor is a civil officer of the State (Officier d'état civil) and judiciary police officer (Officier de police judiciaire). The term period of office for a mayor is six years.
Blix
Blix is an old noble lineage from Norway and surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arne Blix (born 1954), Norwegian journalist

Arnoldus Schytte Blix (born 1946), Norwegian zoologist and Arctic explorer

Brynjulf Blix (born 1951), Norwegian pianist

Elias Blix (1836–1902), Norwegian poet, musician, and politician

Gunnar Blix (1894–1981), Swedish chemist

Gustav Blix (born 1974), Swedish politician

Hans Blix (born 1928), Swedish diplomat and politician

Lewis Blix (1862–1934), Norwegian-American yacht racer

Magnus Gustaf Blix (1849–1904), Swedish physiologist

Michael Blix (1786–1870), Norwegian politician

Øystein B. Blix (born 1966), Norwegian jazz trombonist

Peter Andreas Blix (1831–1901), Norwegian architect and engineer

Ragnvald Blix (1882–1958), Norwegian illustrator and magazine editor

Sverre Blix (1885–1967), Norwegian footballer

Blix is also a chemical used in photographic processing - the name is a contraction of bleach and fixer.

Brynjulf Blix
Brynjulf Blix (born December 20, 1951) is a Norwegian pianist. Known from his collaboration with Terje Rypdal, Blix received broader notoriety as a member of the group Alex, supporting the singer Alex Naumik. Blix is also known for his  knowledge of electronic music and computer science. He has worked as a computer journalist for DinSide. He has withdrawn from performing, concentrating on his writing, though he has appeared in Norway with the band PATEYs PIPE.
RD-107
The RD-107 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-107, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-107, lit. 'Rocket Engine 107') and its sibling, the RD-108, are a type of rocket engine used on the R-7 rocket family. RD-107 engines are used in each booster and the RD-108 is used in the central core. The engines have four main combustion chambers (each with a nozzle) and either two (RD-107) or four (RD-108) vernier chambers.

The engines were first developed in the mid-1950s to launch the R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 was later adapted into space launch vehicles and the engines have been improved over several generations. The most recent versions are the RD-107A and RD-108A engines are used to launch the Soyuz-2, which is in active service as of 2024.

Combustion chamber
A combustion chamber is part of an internal combustion engine in which the fuel/air mix is burned. For steam engines, the term has also been used for an extension of the firebox which is used to allow a more complete combustion process.
Santa Juana Formation
Santa Juana Formation a Late Triassic (Carnian stage) sedimentary rock formation near Santa Juana in the lower course of the Biobío River in south-central Chile. Lithologies range from conglomerate sandstone, arkosic sandstone, siltstone and mudstone.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
Julius Wilson
Julius Wilson (born October 17, 1983) is an American former professional football offensive tackle. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at UAB.

Wilson was also a member of the St. Louis Rams, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Florida Tuskers, Orlando Predators, Omaha Nighthawks, Tampa Bay Storm, and Los Angeles KISS.

On December 14, 2010, Wilson worked out for the Baltimore Ravens, but was not signed.

Los Angeles Kiss
The Los Angeles Kiss (stylized as LA KISS) were a professional arena football team based in Anaheim, California, and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The Kiss joined the AFL as an expansion team after Los Angeles' previous franchise (Los Angeles Avengers) did not return as a part of Arena Football 1. The team's ownership was a group of Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley, members of rock band Kiss, as well as their manager Doc McGhee. The team played its home games at the Honda Center in nearby Anaheim, which they shared with the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League. The team was featured in the AMC series 4th and Loud.
Assisted person
An assisted person has several meanings in law, referring generally to indigent people.

Under Great Britain statutory law, one who is eligible for Legal aid.  It also refers to such a person under Scottish law.

Under U.S. Bankruptcy law, it is also a person who applies to a debt relief agency.  A debt relief agency is "any person who provides any bankruptcy assistance to an assisted person in return for the payment of money or other valuable consideration, or who is a bankruptcy petition preparer" under 11 U.S.C. § 110. "The term 'assisted person' means any person whose debts consist primarily of consumer debts and the value of whose nonexempt property is less than $150,000." 11 U.S.C. § 101(3).  Debt relief agencies are subject to certain rules regarding information they must provide to an assisted person.

Debt relief
Debt relief or debt cancellation is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations.

From antiquity through the 19th century, it refers to domestic debts, in particular agricultural debts and freeing of debt slaves. In World War I the United States Treasury made large loans to the Allies that were postponed, reduced and finally paid off in 1953. In the late 20th century, it came to refer primarily to Third World debt, which started exploding with the Latin American debt crisis (Mexico 1983, etc.). In the early 21st century, it is of increased applicability to individuals in developed countries, due to credit bubbles and housing bubbles.
Battle of Baku
The Battle of Baku (Azerbaijani: Bakı döyüşü, Turkish: Bakü Muharebesi, Russian: Битва за Баку) took place in August and September 1918 between the Ottoman–Azerbaijani coalition forces led by Nuri Pasha and Bolshevik–ARF Baku Soviet forces, later succeeded by the British–Armenian–White Russian forces led by Lionel Dunsterville, and saw Soviet Russia briefly re-enter the war. The battle took place during World War I, was a conclusive part of the Caucasus Campaign, but a beginning of the Armenian–Azerbaijani War.

Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja (/ˈɡændʒə/; Azerbaijani: Gəncə [ɟænˈdʒæ] ⓘ) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 335,600. The city has been a historic and cultural center throughout most of its existence. It was the capital of the Ganja Khanate until 1804; after Qajar Iran ceded it to the Russian Empire following the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, it became part of the administrative divisions of the Georgia Governorate, Georgia-Imeretia Governorate, Tiflis Governorate, and Elizavetpol Governorate. Following the dissolution of the Russian Empire and the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, it became a part of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, followed by the Azerbaijan SSR, and, since 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan.
2023 Monterrey Challenger – Doubles
Hans Hach Verdugo and Austin Krajicek were the defending champions, but only Hach Verdugo chose to defend his title, partnering Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela. Hach Verdugo lost in the semifinals to André Göransson and Ben McLachlan.

Göransson and McLachlan won the title after defeating Luis David Martínez and Cristian Rodríguez 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

André Göransson
André Göransson (born 30 April 1994) is a Swedish tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 20, achieved on 27 October 2025. He is the current No. 1 Swedish doubles player. Göransson has won three ATP Tour doubles titles as well as fourteen ATP Challenger titles and two Futures titles. In singles his career-high is No. 773, achieved on 25 September 2017.
Sensitivity (control systems)
In control engineering, the sensitivity (or more precisely, the sensitivity function) of a control system measures how variations in the plant parameters affects the closed-loop transfer function. Since the controller parameters are typically matched to the process characteristics and the process may change, it is important that the controller parameters are chosen in such a way that the closed loop system is not sensitive to variations in process dynamics. Moreover, the sensitivity function is also important to analyse how disturbances affects the system.

Plant (control theory)
A plant in control theory is the combination of process and actuator. A plant is often referred to with a transfer function
(commonly in the s-domain) which indicates the relation between an input signal and the output signal of a system without feedback, commonly determined by physical properties of the system. An example would be an actuator with its transfer of the input of the actuator to its physical displacement. In a system with feedback, the plant still has the same transfer function, but a control unit and a feedback loop (with their respective transfer functions) are added to the system.
Janet Petersen
Janet Petersen (born August 1, 1970) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Iowa Senate representing the 18th District since January 2013. She previously served as the Senate Minority Leader and has previously represented the 64th district in the Iowa House of Representatives, between 2001 and 2013. She received her BA from the University of Northern Iowa and her MA from Drake University.

Petersen serves on several committees in the Iowa Senate – the Government Oversight, Judiciary, State Government and Ways & Means committees. She also serves as the ranking member of the Commerce Committee. Petersen served as state Senate minority leader after replacing Rob Hogg in October 2017. She was the first woman to lead the Senate Democratic caucus.

Senate Democratic Caucus
The Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate, sometimes referred to as the Democratic Conference or simply Senate Democrats, is the formal organization of all senators who are part of the Democratic Party in the United States Senate. For the makeup of the 119th Congress, the caucus additionally includes two independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Angus King of Maine) who caucus with the Democrats, bringing the current total to 47 members. The central organizational front for Democrats in the Senate, its primary function is communicating the party's message to all of its members under a single banner. The present chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus is Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer of New York.
The Humans (film)
The Humans is a 2021 American psychological drama film written and directed by Stephen Karam in his feature directorial debut, and based on his 2015 one-act play. It stars Richard Jenkins, Jayne Houdyshell, Amy Schumer, Beanie Feldstein, Steven Yeun, and June Squibb. The Humans premiered at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2021. The film was released by A24 on November 24, 2021, both in theaters and on Showtime.

The Humans (play)
The Humans is a one-act play written by Stephen Karam. The play opened on Broadway in 2016 after an engagement Off-Broadway in 2015. The Humans was a finalist for the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and won the 2016 Tony Award for Best Play.
Edgar Lee Masters
Edgar Lee Masters  (August 23, 1868 – March 5, 1950) was an American attorney, poet, biographer, and dramatist. He is the author of Spoon River Anthology (1915), The New Star Chamber and Other Essays, Songs and Satires, The Great Valley, The Serpent in the Wilderness, An Obscure Tale, The Spleen, Mark Twain: A Portrait, Lincoln: The Man, and Illinois Poems. In all, Masters published twelve plays, twenty-one books of poetry, six novels and six biographies, including those of Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, Vachel Lindsay, and Walt Whitman.

Newberry Library
The Newberry Library is an independent research library specializing in the humanities, located in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It has been free and open to the public since 1887.