hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palladium-hydrogen electrode
The palladium-hydrogen electrode (abbreviation: Pd/H2) is one of the common reference electrodes used in electrochemical study. Most of its characteristics are similar to the standard hydrogen electrode (with platinum). But palladium has one significant feature—the capability to absorb (dissolve into itself) molecular hydrogen.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Upton, Indiana
Upton is an unincorporated community in western Black Township, Posey County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.  It is located about 5 miles northwest of the city of Mt. Vernon, the county seat of Posey County.

Mount Vernon, Indiana
Mount Vernon is a city in and the county seat of Posey County, Indiana, United States. Located in the state's far southwestern corner, within 15 miles (24 km) of both the southernmost or westernmost points, it is the westernmost city in the state. The southernmost is Rockport, located along the Ohio River about 40 miles (64 km) to the southeast.

As of the 2020 census, Mount Vernon had a population of 6,493. It is located in Black Township and is part of the Evansville, Indiana, metropolitan area.
Chuckawalla Valley State Prison
Chuckawalla Valley State Prison (CVSP) was a male-only state prison located south of Interstate 10, in a detached section of Blythe, California in Riverside County. CVSP is adjacent to Ironwood State Prison. The prison was scheduled for closure in 2025, but closed early on November 1, 2024.

Interstate 10
Interstate 10 (I-10) is the southernmost transcontinental highway in the Interstate Highway System of the United States. It is the fourth-longest Interstate in the country at 2,460.34 miles (3,959.53 km), following I-90, I-80, and I-40. It was part of the originally planned Interstate Highway network that was laid out in 1956, and its last section was completed in 1990.

I-10 stretches from the Pacific Ocean at State Route 1 (SR 1, Pacific Coast Highway) in Santa Monica, California, to I-95 in Jacksonville, Florida. Other major cities connected by I-10 include (from west to east) Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tucson, Las Cruces, El Paso, San Antonio, Houston, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Mobile, Pensacola, and Tallahassee. Over one-third of its total length is within the state of Texas, where the freeway spans the state at its widest breadth.
Balti language
Balti (Perso-Arabic script: بلتی, Tibetan script: སྦལ་ཏི།, Wylie: sbal ti) is a Tibetic language natively spoken by the ethnic Balti people in the Baltistan region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Nubra Valley of the Leh district and the Kargil district of Ladakh, India. The language differs from Standard Tibetan; many sounds of Old Tibetan that were lost in Standard Tibetan are retained in the Balti language. It also has a simple pitch accent system only in multi-syllabic words while Standard Tibetan has a complex and distinct pitch system that includes tone contour. Due to effects of dominant languages in Pakistani media like Urdu, Punjabi and English and religious impact of Arabic and Persian languages, Balti, like other regional languages of Pakistan, is continuously expanding its vocabulary base with loanwords.

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
Devil's Causeway
The Devil's Causeway is a Roman road in Northumberland, in North East England. It branches off Dere Street north of Corbridge and can be traced through Northumberland for about 55 miles (89 km) north to Berwick-upon-Tweed.

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Fyrudden
58°11′31″N 16°51′07″E﻿ / ﻿58.192°N 16.852°E﻿ / 58.192; 16.852

Fyrudden is a coastal locality in Valdemarsvik Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden, located at the extreme southeastern end of a narrow peninsula. The name literally means "the lighthouse point".

County road 212 from Valdemarsvik passes by Gryt to terminate at Fyrudden, and the large north-south waterway of Östergötland archipelago passes nearby.
Fyrudden is thus easily accessible from sea and from land it has become a popular guest  harbor. Apart from harbor facilities, including  Swedish Coast Guard station Ks Gryt, there is also a restaurant, a grocery store, and a bus stop with connections to Valdemarsvik, Söderköping och Norrköping. During the summer, daily boat trips to Harstena (about 6 nautical miles (11 km) to the northeast) depart from Fyrudden.

Valdemarsvik Municipality
Valdemarsvik Municipality (Swedish: Valdemarsviks kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Valdemarsvik.

Valdemarsvik was originally a market town (köping) under the city of Söderköping. When the first local government acts came into force in Sweden in 1863 Valdemarsvik was not made a municipality of its own, but part of Ringarum. It was detached from Ringarum in 1914. The municipal reform of 1971 created the present municipality by reuniting Ringarum with Valdemarsvik and also adding Gryt and a part of the dissolved Tjust-Ed. The latter territory was transferred from Kalmar County.

Geographically, it is notable for an archipelago and a harbour.
Krasnopartizansky (rural locality)
Krasnopartizansky (Russian: Краснопартиза́нский; masculine), Krasnopartizanskaya (Краснопартиза́нская; feminine), or Krasnopartizanskoye (Краснопартиза́нское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Krasnopartizansky, Chechen Republic, a settlement in Alkhan-Yurtovskaya Rural Administration of Urus-Martanovsky District of the Chechen Republic

Krasnopartizansky, Rostov Oblast, a settlement in Krasnopartizanskoye Rural Settlement of Remontnensky District of Rostov Oblast

Krasnopartizansky, Ryazan Oblast, a settlement in Vysokopolyansky Rural Okrug of Pitelinsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Krasnopartizansky, Volgograd Oblast, a settlement in Privolzhsky Selsoviet of Svetloyarsky District of Volgograd Oblast

Krasnopartizanskoye, a selo in Pavlovsky Stanitsa Okrug of Pavlovsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Svetloyarsky District
Svetloyarsky District (Russian: Светлоя́рский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Svetloyarsky Municipal District. The area of the district is 3,390 square kilometers (1,310 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Svetly Yar. Population: 38,355 (2010 Census); 39,384 (2002 Census); 35,483 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Svetly Yar accounts for 32.7% of the district's total population.
East Close House
East Close House in Hinton, Hampshire, near Christchurch, Dorset, is a building of historical significance and a grade II listed building on the English Heritage Register. A mansion house stood on the site by 1742, which may be that crudely illustrated on Taylor's Hampshire map of 1759. Many notable people resided here before its conversion to a hotel in the 1930s. It was announced in August 2018 that the hotel would close later in the year.

Hinton Admiral
Hinton Admiral is the estate and ancestral home of the Tapps-Gervis-Meyrick family and located in the settlement of Hinton, near Bransgore in Hampshire, England. It is a Grade I Listed building.

The walled gardens to the north of the house and the wall to the terrace in front of the gardens of the house are both Grade II listed. Heathfield Lodge, the former lodge building to Hinton Admiral on the Lyndhurst Road, is Grade II listed.

The gardens are open to the public by arrangement.
James Williamson (New South Wales politician)
James Williamson (1811 – 8 March 1881) was a pastoralist and politician in colonial Australia, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, and later, the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.

Williamson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and arrived in Sydney around 1837. Williamson was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council as member for District of Port Phillip on 1 September 1848, a position he held until 31 January 1849. Williamson was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as member for Electoral district of Gloucester and Macquarie on 10 February 1858, holding the seat until 11 April 1859.

Williamson died in Burwood, New South Wales, on 8 March 1881.

Electoral district of Gloucester and Macquarie
Gloucester and Macquarie was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales in the first and second Parliaments (1856-1859), named after Gloucester and Macquarie counties on the Mid North Coast. It was abolished in 1859 with Macquarie, the  north-east of Gloucester and the Macleay River area forming the new district of Electoral district of Hastings (New South Wales), while the rest of Gloucester was split between Lower Hunter, Northumberland and The Williams.
José Antonio Medeiros
José Antonio Medeiros (born 19 March 1970) is a Brazilian politician. He had represented Mato Grosso in the Federal Senate from 2015 to 2019 and is currently member of the Chamber of Deputies.  He is a member of the Liberal Party (PL).

Federal Senate (Brazil)
The Federal Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. When created under the Imperial Constitution in 1824, it was based on the House of Lords of the British Parliament, but since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 and under the first republican Constitution the Federal Senate has resembled the United States Senate.

The current president of the Federal Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, a member of UNIÃO from Amapá. He was re-elected in February 2025 for his two-year non-consecutive term, as he had already led the Senate between 2019-21 during Bolsonaro's government.
Bisphenol-A bis(diphenyl phosphate)
Bisphenol A diphenyl phosphate is a halogen-free flame retardant used in plastics. It is used in polymer blends of engineering plastics, such as PPO/HIPS and PC/ABS, which are commonly used to make casing for electrical items like TVs, computers and home appliances.

It is formed by the transesterification of bisphenol A with triphenyl phosphate. The commercial grade material can contain oligomers (CAS: 181028–79–5)

Oligomers, where n = >1

Poly(p-phenylene oxide)
Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE), poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene), often referred to simply as polyphenylene oxide, is a high-temperature thermoplastic with the general formula (C8H8O)n. It is rarely used in its pure form due to difficulties in processing. It is mainly used as blend with polystyrene, high impact styrene-butadiene copolymer or polyamide.  PPO is a registered trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics B.V. under which various polyphenylene ether resins are sold.
Aslan bey Safikurdski
Aslan bey Safikurdski Aghalar bey oghlu (Azerbaijani: Aslan bəy Səfikürdski Ağalar bəy oğlu; 1881–1937), also known as Aslan bey Safikurdlu (Azerbaijani: Aslan bəy Səfikürdlü) was an Azerbaijani statesman who served as the Minister of Labor and Justice of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Minister of Postal Service and Telegraph of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and was member of Azerbaijani National Council and later Parliament of Azerbaijan.

Elizavetpol uezd
The Elizavetpol uezd, also known as the Ganja uezd after 1918, was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire, and later of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolition in 1929. The area of the Elizavetpol uezd corresponds to the modern-day Gadabay, Shamkir, Dashkasan, Goygol, and Samukh districts of Azerbaijan.
1999 New Zealand island soccer leagues
In 1999, two New Zealand island soccer leagues were run to replace the National Summer Soccer League which had finished at the end of the 1998 season. The two leagues, one for the North Island (the NISL) and one for the South Island (the SISL) were followed by a play-off between the two champion sides to determine the national champions. The games were mainly played during winter, in direct contrast to the previous summer league.

The format proved to be both controversial and unpopular, and from 2000 a New Zealand National Soccer League returned. Participants in the 2000 league were the top seven teams in the 1999 NISL and the top three teams in the 1999 SISL.

1997–98 National Summer Soccer League
The 1997–98 National Summer Soccer League was the third and final season of a short-lived nationwide association football club competition in New Zealand. It was replaced in 1999 by the second incarnation of the New Zealand National Soccer League. The competition was won by Napier City Rovers.
Equus giganteus
The giant horse (Equus giganteus) is an extinct species of horse which lived in North America.

It was classified as a species based on the finding of a single tooth from Texas larger than the teeth of even the largest modern draft horses. Based on the tooth, the weight was estimated at 1,200–1,500 kg (2,600–3,300 lb) and the height at 2.25 m (7 ft 5 in) tall at the shoulder. Because it is based on fragmentary remains, recent authors have considered the species to be an invalid nomen dubium.

Draft horse
A draft horse (US) or draught horse (UK), also known as dray horse, carthorse, work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred to pull heavy loads and work agricultural tasks such as plowing. There are a number of breeds, with varying characteristics, but all share common traits of strength, patience, and a docile temperament. While indispensable to generations of pre-industrial farmers, draft horses today are used for many purposes such as driving, logging, and farming, as well as recreation and showing. Draft horses have been crossed with light riding breeds such as the Thoroughbred to create sport horse and warmblood breeds.
Fockbek (Amt)
Fockbek is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Fockbek.

The Amt Fockbek consists of the following municipalities:

Alt Duvenstedt

Fockbek

Nübbel

Rickert

Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county.
Noel Murphy (hurler)
Noel Murphy (born 1931) was an Irish hurler who played for Tipperary Senior Championship club Thurles Sarsfields. He played for the Tipperary senior hurling team for a number of seasons, during which time he usually lined out as a wing-back.

Thurles Sarsfields GAA
Thurles Sarsfields is a Tipperary GAA club which is located in County Tipperary, Ireland. Both hurling and Gaelic football are played in the "Mid-Tipperary" divisional competitions. The club is centred in the town of Thurles at Semple Stadium. The club was founded in 1881 and is the most honoured club in the county, with 36 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship titles. Thurles Sarsfields are affiliated with the town's juvenile club Dúrlas Óg.
Santalum fernandezianum
Santalum fernandezianum, also known as the Chile sandalwood, was a species of plant in the Santalaceae family. It was endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile. Last seen in 1908 by Carl Skottsberg, the species was cut to extinction for its aromatic wood.

Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, the sandalwood family, are a family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbers) which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are often unisexual or bisexual. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. They are widely distributed worldwide, primarily across temperate and tropical regions. Many members of Santalaceae have a long history of human use.
Black River (Asia)
The Black River, (Vietnamese: Sông Đà, from the Tai language Da meaning "dark-brown"; chữ Hán: 瀧沱) also known upstream as the Lixian River (Chinese: 李仙江) in China, is a river located in China and northwestern Vietnam.

Northwest (Vietnam)
Tây Bắc (literally "Northwest") is one of the regions of Vietnam, located in the mountainous northwestern part of the country. It consists of four provinces: Điện Biên, Lai Châu, Sơn La and Lào Cai.  It has a population of 4.9 million (2022) and it is fully landlocked.
Charles Benton (cricketer)
Charles Henry Benton (8 January 1868 – 19 May 1918) was an English cricketer who was active from 1892 to 1901. He was born in Glossop and died in Knutsford. He made his first-class debut in 1892 and appeared in 29 matches as a right-handed batsman who bowled left arm medium pace, playing for Lancashire. He scored 663 runs with a highest score of 68 and took no wickets. In 1918, fearing his health was deteriorating, Benton killed himself with a shotgun at his home.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
China Grove (Oriental, North Carolina)
China Grove is a historic plantation house located near Oriental, North Carolina.  Built sometime in the late-18th century to early-19th century, the Federal style home was named for a row of chinaberry trees that once led to its entrance.  China Grove is one of North Carolina's most dramatically sited plantation homes, overlooking the Neuse River at one of its widest points, near the mouth of Dawson's Creek.  The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1973.

Neuse River
The Neuse River (/nuːs/ NOOSE, Tuscarora: Neyuherú·kęʔkì·nęʔ) is a river rising in the Piedmont of North Carolina and emptying into Pamlico Sound below New Bern. Its total length is approximately 275 miles (443 km), making it the longest river entirely contained in North Carolina.  The Trent River joins the Neuse at New Bern.  Its drainage basin, measuring 5,630 square miles (14,600 km2) in area, also lies entirely inside North Carolina. It is formed by the confluence of the Flat and Eno rivers prior to entering the Falls Lake reservoir in northern Wake County. Its fall line shoals, known as the Falls of the Neuse, lie submerged under the waters of Falls Lake. The Neuse River Trail is a 34.5 miles (55.5 km) long greenway that stretches from Falls Lake Dam, Raleigh, North Carolina to Legend Park, Clayton, North Carolina.
CXorf36
Chromosome X open reading frame 36 (CXorf36) is a gene that in humans encodes a protein “hypothetical protein LOC79742”. This protein has a function that is not currently very well understood. Other known aliases are “FLJ14103, DKFZp313K0825, FLJ55198, PRO3743, FLJ55198, hCG1981635, bA435K1.1,” and “4930578C19Rik.”

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Arthroleptis schubotzi
Arthroleptis schubotzi, also known as the Burundi screeching frog, Schubotz's squeaker, and Kivu dwarf litter frog, is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is found in the African Rift Valley in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu), southwestern Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, and western Uganda. There are taxonomic problems in delimiting this species.

East African Rift
The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. It is considered to be part of a larger system, formerly known as the Great Rift Valley, that extends north to Asia Minor, also known as Anatolia.

A narrow zone, the rift is a developing divergent tectonic plate boundary where the African plate is in the process of splitting into two tectonic plates, called the Somali plate and the Nubian plate, at a rate of 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) per year. The rift system consists of three microplates, the Victoria microplate to the north, and the Rovuma and Lwandle microplates to the south.  The Victoria microplate is rotating anti-clockwise with respect to the African plate. Its rotation is caused by the configuration of mechanically weaker and stronger lithospheric regions in the EARS.

Many of the African Great Lakes lie within the Rift Valley.