hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Confusion network
A confusion network (sometimes called a word confusion network or informally known as a sausage) is a natural language processing method that combines outputs from multiple automatic speech recognition or machine translation systems. Confusion networks are simple linear directed acyclic graphs with the property that each a path from the start node to the end node goes through all the other nodes. The set of words represented by edges between two nodes is called a confusion set. In machine translation, the defining characteristic of confusion networks is that they allow multiple ambiguous inputs, deferring committal translation decisions until later stages of processing. This approach is used in the open source machine translation software Moses and the proprietary translation API in IBM Bluemix Watson.

Directed acyclic graph
In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it consists of vertices and edges (also called arcs), with each edge directed from one vertex to another, such that following those directions will never form a closed loop. A directed graph is a DAG if and only if it can be topologically ordered, by arranging the vertices as a linear ordering that is consistent with all edge directions. DAGs have numerous scientific and computational applications, ranging from biology (evolution, family trees, epidemiology) to information science (citation networks) to computation (scheduling).

Directed acyclic graphs are also called acyclic directed graphs or acyclic digraphs.
Bank of North Queensland
The Bank of North Queensland was formed in 1887 in Townsville with branches in Sydney and London.

In 1893 there were branches in: Ayr, Cairns, Charters Towers, Cooktown, Herberton, Normanton, Rockhampton and Thursday Island and agencies at Mareeba, Limestone, and Muldiva. London agents, the London and Westminster Bank.  In 1910 it had branches in Northern, Central, and Southern Queensland, including Atherton, Childers and Warwick.  There were also branches in the New England area of New South Wales and the vicinity of Sydney, and Agencies throughout Australasia, Great Britain, America, and the East,

In 1917 the Bank of North Queensland merged with The Royal Bank of Queensland to form the Bank of Queensland

Thursday Island
Thursday Island, colloquially known as TI, or in the Kawrareg dialect, Waiben or Waibene, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands, an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait. TI is located approximately 39 kilometres (24 miles) north of Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.

Thursday Island is also the name of the town in the south and west of the island, formerly known as Port Kennedy, and also the name of the locality which contains the island within the Shire of Torres. The town of Rose Hill (known as Abednego until 7 September 1991) is located on the north-eastern tip of the island (10°34′11″S 142°13′30″E﻿ / ﻿10.5698°S 142.2250°E﻿ / -10.5698; 142.2250﻿ (Rose Hill, Queensland)).

In the 2021 census, the locality of Thursday Island had a population of 2,805 people, of whom 69.1% identify as Indigenous Australians.
Atrapada (1991 TV series)
Atrapada (Trapped) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Ernesto Alonso for Televisa in 1991.

Christian Bach and Héctor Bonilla starred as protagonists, while Guillermo Capetillo and Raquel Olmedo starred as antagonists.

Raquel Olmedo
Raquel Olmedo (pronounced [raˈkel olˈmeðo]; born Siomara Anicia Orama Leal on 30 December 1937) is a Cuban-born Mexican singer and actress. She started her career in her native Cuba before moving to Mexico in 1959. She performed in the last years of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema.
1979 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Peter Fleming and John McEnroe defeated Brian Gottfried and Raúl Ramírez in the final, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's doubles title at the 1979 Wimbledon Championships. It was both men's first major men's doubles title.

Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan were the defending champions, but were defeated in the semifinals by Fleming and McEnroe.

Brian Gottfried
Brian Edward Gottfried (born January 27, 1952) is an American retired tennis player who won 25 singles titles and 54 doubles titles during his professional career. He was the runner-up in singles at the 1977 French Open, won the 1975 and 1977 French Open Doubles as well as the 1976 Wimbledon Doubles. He achieved a career-high singles ranking on the ATP tour on June 19, 1977, when he became world No. 3, and a career-high doubles ranking on December 12, 1976, when he became world No. 2.
Washington meridian (Mississippi)
The Washington Meridian is one of the 38 principal meridians governing cadastral surveys in the United States. The meridian line was surveyed and established in 1803 by surveyor Isaac Briggs. Briggs named the meridian the Washington Meridian, likely because the meridian passed near his offices in the community of Washington, Mississippi.

The Washington Meridian runs north on a longitude of 91°09′36″W from the base line, which is the Mississippi–Louisiana border at latitude 31° north. The Washington Meridian is the basis of cadastral surveys in southwestern Mississippi, south of the Choctaw Meridian base line and west of the territory of the Saint Stephens Meridian. The Washington Meridian shares the same initial point as the Saint Helena Meridian, which runs south from that initial point. The Saint Helena Meridian is the basis for surveys in Louisiana east of the Mississippi River.

Washington, Mississippi
Washington is an unincorporated community in Adams County, Mississippi, United States. Located along the lower Mississippi, 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Natchez, it was the second and longest-serving capital of the Mississippi Territory.
The Woman Who Dared (1944 film)
The Woman Who Dared (French title: Le Ciel est à vous) (English: The Sky is Yours) is a 1944 French drama film directed by Jean Grémillon and starring Madeleine Renaud and Charles Vanel. In April 2019, a restored version of the film was selected to be shown in the Cannes Classics section at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival.

2019 Cannes Film Festival
The 72nd annual Cannes Film Festival took place from 14 to 25 May 2019. Mexican filmmaker Alejandro González Iñárritu served as jury president for the main competition. South Korean filmmaker Bong Joon-ho won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Parasite, becoming the first Korean to win the award.

The festival honoured French filmmaker Agnès Varda, who died early that year, featuring her on the official poster of the festival. The photograph used was taken during the filming of her debut film La Pointe Courte (1955), which screened at the Cannes Film Festival.

The festival opened with The Dead Don't Die by Jim Jarmusch, and closed with The Specials by Olivier Nakache, Éric Toledano.
Nakazawa
Nakazawa (written: 中澤, 中沢, 仲澤 or 仲沢) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ayumu Nakazawa, Japanese voice actor

Daisuke Nakazawa, sushi chef

Kazuto Nakazawa (born 1968), Japanese animator

Kei Nakazawa (born 1959), Japanese writer and professor

Keiji Nakazawa (born 1939), Japanese manga artist and writer

Kyle Nakazawa (born 1988), Japanese-American football player

Masatomo Nakazawa (中澤 匡智; born 1983), Japanese actor, voice actor and singer

Masatsugu Nakazawa (中澤 公胤; born 1975), Japanese professional wrestler known as Michael Nakazawa

Motoki Nakazawa (中沢 元紀; born 2000), Japanese actor

Sae Nakazawa (born 1983), Japanese judoka

Takumi Nakazawa (born 1976), Japanese video game writer

Tomohide Nakazawa (中澤 友秀; born 1980), Japanese footballer

Yuji Nakazawa (born 1978), Japanese football player

Yuko Nakazawa (born 1973), Japanese J-pop singer

Christoph Nakazawa (born 1989), video game developer

Daisuke Nakazawa
Daisuke Nakazawa (born 1979) is head chef of the eponymous Sushi Nakazawa in New York City. Nakazawa apprenticed at Sukiyabashi Jiro under Jiro Ono, and appeared in the David Gelb documentary Jiro Dreams of Sushi. Nakazawa lived and worked in Seattle, at Sushi Kashiba under chef Shiro Kashiba, another Jiro Ono mentored chef, for several years before coming to New York to open Sushi Nakazawa, where he remains.
Kansas State University College of Agriculture
The Kansas State University College of Agriculture offers 16 undergraduate majors, one undecided program, 15 minors, 5 certificates, and 18 graduate programs of study. Their subjects include agribusiness, bioscience, communications, economics, and natural resources. The College of Agriculture also houses more than 30 student organizations such as Agriculture Ambassadors, Meat Science Association, Food Science Club, Ag Technology Management Club, Ag Education Club, Collegiate 4-H, Sigma Alpha, Horticulture Club, and more.

As part of a land-grant university, the K-State College of Agriculture works closely with K-State Research and Extension to deliver research findings, educational programs and technical information through extension offices located throughout the state of Kansas.

The university was established under the Morrill Act of 1862.

Morrill Land-Grant Acts
The Morrill Land-Grant Acts are United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in U.S. states, focusing on agricultural and mechanical studies.

The Morrill Act of 1862 (12 Stat. 503 (1862) later codified as 7 U.S.C. § 301 et seq.) was enacted during the American Civil War, and the Morrill Act of 1890 (the Agricultural College Act of 1890 (26 Stat. 417, later codified as 7 U.S.C. § 321 et seq.) expanded this model.
The Beggar's Wedding
The Beggar's Wedding is a 1729 ballad opera by the Irish writer Charles Coffey. Part of a boom in ballad operas following the success of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera, it originally premiered at the Smock Alley Theatre in Dublin in March 1729 before appearing in London  at the Haymarket Theatre on 29 May 1729 The original Dublin cast included Richard Elrington.

Smock Alley Theatre
Since the 17th century, there have been numerous theatres in Dublin with the name Smock Alley.

The current Smock Alley Theatre (Irish: Amharclann Scabhat Smock) is a 21st-century theatre in Dublin, converted from a 19th-century church building, incorporating structural material from an 18th-century theatre building, and built on the site of the 17th century Theatre Royal, Dublin. The present theatre was opened in 2012, after a €3.5 million investment.

The Smock Alley Theatre site comprises Smock Alley Theatre (177 seats), The Boys School (60 - 100 capacity), Black Box (80 capacity), and The Banquet Hall (150 capacity).
Ploshchad Vosstaniya (Saint Petersburg Metro)
Ploshchad Vosstaniya (Russian: Плóщадь Восстáния, IPA: [ˈploɕːɪtʲ vɐsːˈtanʲɪjə], lit. 'Uprising Square') is a station on the Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya Line of Saint Petersburg Metro. It is one of the system's original stations, opening on November 15, 1955. It is a deep underground pylon station at 58 metres (190 ft) depth. The main surface vestibule is situated on Vosstaniya Square, which gives its name to the station. Another exit (opened in 1960) opens directly into the Moskovsky Rail Terminal. Ploshchad Vosstaniya is connected to the station Mayakovskaya of the Nevsko-Vasileostrovskaya Line via a transfer corridor and a set of escalators.

Line 3 (Saint Petersburg Metro)
Line 3 of the Saint Petersburg Metro, also known as Nevsko-Vasileostrovskaya Line (Russian: Не́вско-Василеостро́вская ли́ния) or Green Line, is a rapid transit line in Saint Petersburg, Russia, which connects city centre with the western and southeastern districts. It was opened in 1967. Since 1994, it has been officially designated as Line 3. It stands out among Saint Petersburg metro lines for two reasons — its stations are almost exclusively  of  "Horizontal Lift" type and it has the longest inter-station tunnels in the entire system.  Metro officials originally intended to add stations in-between the existing ones, but those plans were later abandoned.

The line cuts Saint Petersburg centre on an east–west axis and then turns southeast following the left bank of the Neva River. It is generally coloured green on Metro maps.
Rhoda A. Esmond
[[File:]]
Rhoda A. Esmond (née Titus; pen name, Ruth; 1819-1894) was an American philanthropist, temperance leader, and writer. When the influence of the Women's Crusade (1873-74) reached Syracuse, New York where she was living, Esmond helped organize a woman's temperance society of 400 members; henceforth her life was devoted to the cause.

Temperance movement in the United States
The temperance movement in the United States, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol, had a large influence on American politics and American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol, through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance.
Charles Denner
Charles Denner (29 May 1926 – 10 September 1995) was a French actor born to a Jewish family in Tarnów, Poland. During his 30-year career he worked with some of France's greatest directors of the time, including Louis Malle, Claude Chabrol, Jean-Luc Godard, Costa-Gavras, Claude Lelouch and François Truffaut, who gave him two of his most memorable roles, as Fergus in The Bride Wore Black (1968) and as Bertrand Morane in The Man Who Loved Women (1977).

Costa-Gavras
Konstantinos "Kostas" Gavras (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος "Κώστας" Γαβράς; born 12 February 1933), known professionally as Costa-Gavras, is a Greek-French film director, screenwriter, and producer who lives and works in France. He is known for political films, such as the political thriller Z (1969), which won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and Missing (1982), for which he won the Palme d'Or and an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Most of his films have been made in French, but six have been in English, including Hanna K.
Okół, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Okół [ˈɔkuu̯] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bałtów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Bałtów, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 73 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Ostrowiec County
Ostrowiec County (Polish: powiat ostrowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Ćmielów, lying 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and Kunów, 9 km (6 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski.

The county covers an area of 616.33 square kilometres (238.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 109,512, out of which the population of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski is 68,641, that of Ćmielów is 3,012, that of Kunów is 2,967, and the rural population is 34,892.
MC Alger in African football
MC Alger, an Algerian professional association football club, has gained entry to Confederation of African Football (CAF) competitions on several occasions. They have represented Algeria in the Champions League on seven occasions, the Confederation Cup on four separate occasions, the now-defunct Cup Winners' Cup only one occasion.

1976 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The African Cup of Champions Clubs 1976 was the 12th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CAF region (Africa), the African Cup of Champions Clubs. It determined that year's club champion of association football in Africa.

The tournament was played by 25 teams and used a knock-out format with ties played home and away. MC Alger of Algeria won the final, becoming CAF club champion for the first time, and the first club from Algeria to win the trophy.
Walter Suggs
William Walter Suggs Jr. (May 15, 1939 – September 5, 2022) was a college and professional American football player. An offensive and defensive lineman, he played college football at Mississippi State University, and played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) for the Houston Oilers from 1962 through 1969, and for the National Football League (NFL) Oilers in 1970 and 1971.  Suggs played in 137 consecutive games.  He played in the first pro football game played in the Houston Astrodome in 1968. He was an American Football League All-Star in 1967 and 1968.

Newspaper Enterprise Association
The Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA) is an editorial column and comic strip newspaper syndication service based in the United States and established in 1902. The oldest syndicate still in operation, the NEA was originally a secondary news service to the Scripps Howard News Service; it later evolved into a general syndicate best known for syndicating the comic strips Alley Oop, Our Boarding House, Freckles and His Friends, The Born Loser, Frank and Ernest, and Captain Easy / Wash Tubbs; in addition to an annual Christmas comic strip. Along with United Feature Syndicate, the NEA was part of United Media from 1978 to 2011, and is now a division of Andrews McMeel Syndication. The NEA once selected college All-America teams, and presented awards in professional football and professional basketball.
Volovets Pass
Volovets Pass (Ukrainian: Воловецький перевал; Hungarian: Kisszolyvai-hágó) is a mountain pass in the north-eastern Carpathian Mountains of Ukraine through the Vodorazdel'nyy backbone. Its crest is at 1,014 metres (3,327 ft) height. It is located on the border of Stryi Raion of the Lviv Oblast and the Volovets Raion of the Zakarpattia Oblast, on the watershed of the rivers Opir and Vycha.

The southern slope of the pass is steep, while the northern flank is declivous. It consists of sandstones and slates. Volovets Pass is sparsely populated, with meadows dominating the landscape. Below the mountain pass there is a system of railway tunnels connecting Mukachevo and Stryj.

Automobile traffic across the pass is impossible since the road is too difficult to traverse. The nearest settlements are Oporets and Skotarske.

Stryi Raion
Stryi Raion (Ukrainian: Стрийський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Stryi. Population: 319,464 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of Ukraine's administrative reform, the number of raions in Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Stryi Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Mykolaiv, Skole, and Zhydachiv Raions, as well as the cities of Morshyn, Novyi Rozdil, and Stryi, which were previously incorporated as cities of oblast significance, were merged into Stryi Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 60,912 (2020 est.).

It was established in 1939 as part of Drohobych Oblast.
SELCO India
SELCO Solar Light Pvt. Ltd. is a for-profit social enterprise based in Bangalore, India. SELCO has played an instrumental role in improving living standards of poor households in rural India especially in the state of Karnataka through solar energy based interventions and low smoke cook stoves. In recognition of the services towards reduction of the gap in access to energy, SELCO has been awarded the prestigious Ashden Awards (also known as the Green Oscars) twice, in years 2005 and 2007. SELCO India was founded in 1995 by Dr.Harish Hande an alumnus of IIT Kharagpur with INR 15,000 funding from its co-founder Mr. Neville Williams. SELCO India has installed solar light systems in 2,000,000 houses till date.

Selco Foundation's e-shala (e-school) project takes education to children in rural areas, mostly in areas where power supply doesn't exist by using a solar-powered power storage device, LED projector and  tablet loaded with content.

Ashden
Ashden is a London-based charity that works in the field of sustainable energy and development. Its work includes the annual Ashden Awards, advocacy and research in the field of sustainable energy, and mentoring and practical support for award winners.

Sarah Butler-Sloss created the awards in 2001, from the Ashden Trust, one of the Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts. In 2011 the charity changed its working name to Ashden, with its full name registered with the Charity Commission being 'Ashden, Sustainable solutions, better lives'.
William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey
William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey (born 1160s–1170s, died 27 May 1240) was the son of Isabel de Warenne, 4th Countess of Surrey (suo jure) and Hamelin de Warenne. His father Hamelin granted him the manor of Appleby, North Lincolnshire.

Appleby, Lincolnshire
Appleby is a small village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England.

The village is situated about 3 miles (5 km) north-east from Scunthorpe, and on the B1207 road. In 1086 it had a recorded population of 26 households, putting it in the largest 40% of settlements recorded in Domesday (NB: 26 households is an estimate, since multiple places are mentioned in the same entry), and is listed under three owners in Domesday Book.

Returns in the 2001 census show an Appleby parish population of 597, reducing slightly to 587 at the 2011 census.

The Appleby logboat is a Bronze Age logboat, found during dredging of the old River Acholme near Appleby in 1943.
Ch'iyar Juqhu River
The Ch'iyar Juqhu River (Aymara Ch'iyar Juqhu Jawira, ch'iyara black, juqhu muddy place, jawira river, "black muddy river", Hispanicized spellings Chiar Jokho, Chiar Joko) is a Bolivian river east of Lake Titicaca in the La Paz Department. It originates in the Cordillera Real near the peaks of the 6,127 m high Ch'iyar Juqhu which is probably named after the river or the region around it and the 5,871 m high Qalsata and flows down towards the Altiplano.

At first the river flows in a southwestern direction. Near the village of Qurpa Putu (Corpa Puto) in the Achacachi Municipality it turns to the northwest unifying with more rivers to end in Lake Titicaca near the mouth of the Jach'a Jawira.

Achacachi Municipality
Achacachi  Municipality is one of six municipalities of the Omasuyos Province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. Its seat is Achacachi.

The municipality is situated in the northern Altiplano of the Bolivian Andes region on the eastern shore of Lake Titicaca bordered to the north by the Larecaja Province, to the east by the Los Andes Province, to the south-east by the Huarina Municipality, to the west by the Santiago de Huata Municipality, to the south by the Huatajata Municipality and Chúa Cocani Municipality (these four municipalities were cantons of the Achacachi Municipality until 2005, 2009, and 2010, respectively), to the south-west by Lake Wiñaymarka and the northern part of Lake Titicaca, and to the north-west by the Ancoraimes Municipality.
Rudy Fernández (baseball)
Rodolfo "Rudy" Fernández Marín (June 27, 1911 – September 6, 2000) was a Cuban professional baseball pitcher in the American Negro leagues in the 1930s and 1940s.

A native of Guanabacoa, Cuba, Fernández was the brother of fellow Negro leaguer José Fernández. Younger brother Rudy broke into the Negro leagues in 1932 with the Cuban Stars (East), and pitched for over a decade, ending his career with the New York Black Yankees in 1946. He tossed shutout wins against both the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers in exhibition games in Havana.

After his playing career ended, Fernández managed in the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League, leading the Industriales de Valencia to a league championship and Interamerican Series appearance in 1961. He died in New York, New York in 2000 at age 89.

Interamerican Series
The Interamerican Series (Spanish: Serie Interamericana) was an international club professional baseball tournament that brought together independent and winter league teams in North America, South America and the Caribbean. Held from 1946 to 1950 and from 1961 to 1965, it was the precursor to the modern Caribbean Series.