hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ronald Smith (cricketer)
Ronald Smith (16 February 1926 – 3 March 2001) was an English cricketer.  Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Dudley, Worcestershire.

Smith made a single first-class appearance for Northamptonshire against Surrey in the 1954 County Championship. In this match he took a single wicket, that of David Fletcher for the cost of 38 runs from 17 overs.  With the bat he was dismissed for a duck in Northamptonshire's first-innings be Tony Lock, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 19.

He died in Worcester, Worcestershire on 3 March 2001

Dudley
Dudley (/ˈdʌdli/ DUD-lee, locally [ˈdʊdləi̯]) is a market town in the West Midlands, England, 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Wolverhampton and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Birmingham. Historically part of Worcestershire, the town is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. In the 2011 census, it had a population of 79,379. The wider Metropolitan Borough had a population of 312,900. In 2014, the borough council adopted a slogan describing Dudley as the capital of the Black Country, a title by which it had long been informally known.

Originally a market town, Dudley was one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution and grew into an industrial centre in the 19th century with its iron, coal, and limestone industries before their decline and the relocation of its commercial centre to the nearby Merry Hill Shopping Centre in the 1980s. Tourist attractions include Dudley Zoo and Castle, the 12th-century priory ruins, and the Black Country Living Museum.
HNLMS Den Helder
HNLMS Den Helder is a new replenishment oiler of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Also known as the Combat Support Ship (CSS), Den Helder is planned to fill the gap of replenishment at sea that was left after HNLMS Amsterdam was sold to Peru in 2014. The design is based on the Karel Doorman.

Underway replenishment
Underway replenishment (UNREP) (U.S. Navy) or replenishment at sea (RAS) (North Atlantic Treaty Organization/Commonwealth of Nations) is a method of transferring fuel, munitions, and stores from one ship to another while under way. First developed in the early 20th century, it was used extensively by the United States Navy as a logistics support technique in the Pacific theatre of World War II, permitting U.S. carrier task forces to remain at sea indefinitely.
Frédéric Liguori Béique
Frédéric Liguori Béique, PC (May 20, 1845 – September 12, 1933) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

Born in Saint-Mathias, Quebec, he was trained as a lawyer and was called to the Quebec Bar in 1868. On 15 April 1875 at Saint-Jacques Cathedral in Montreal, he married Carolina-Angélina Dessaulles, with whom he would have ten children From 1899 to 1905, he was the president of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society. In 1902, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada representing senatorial division of De Salaberry, Quebec. A Liberal, he served until his death in 1933. In 1932, Béique nominated Raoul Dandurand for the Nobel Prize in Peace.

After his death in 1845, he was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

Saint-Jacques Cathedral (Montreal)
Saint-Jacques Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jacques) was the Roman Catholic cathedral in Montreal from 1825 to 1852, named for St. James the Greater. From 1825 to 1836, it was the seat of the auxiliary bishop of Quebec in Montreal. With the creation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Montreal in 1836, it became the cathedral of the new diocese.
Hyytiäinen
Hyytiäinen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhyːtiæi̯nen]) is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Veikko Hyytiäinen (1919–2000), Finnish lawyer and politician

Toivo Hyytiäinen (1925–1978), Finnish athlete

Eija Hyytiäinen (born 1961), Finnish cross country skier

Toivo Hyytiäinen
Toivo Armas Hyytiäinen (12 November 1925 in Saarijärvi – 21 October 1978) was a Finnish track and field athlete who competed mainly in the men's javelin throw.

He competed for Finland at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland where he won the bronze medal in the men's javelin throw competition. He was also the 1950 European champion in men's javelin throw.
M303 Special Operations Forces demolition kit
The M303 Special Operations Forces demolition kit is a kit containing various metal and plastic parts which the SOF operator packs with C4 explosive to produce a shaped charge or an explosively formed penetrator. The kit also contains a tripod and sights for aiming the explosive device.

Tripod
A tripod is a portable three-legged frame or stand, used as a platform for supporting the weight and maintaining the stability of some other object. The three-legged (triangular stance) design provides good stability against gravitational loads as well as horizontal shear forces, and better leverage for resisting tipping over due to lateral forces can be achieved by spreading the legs away from the vertical centre.
Variations with one, two, and four legs are termed monopod, bipod, and quadripod (similar to a table).
4.2-kiloyear event
The 4.2-kiloyear event (also known as the 4.2 ka event) was an  aridification event (long-term drought), 4,200 years ago (4,200 years BP). It was one of the most severe climatic events of the Holocene epoch. It defines the beginning of the current Meghalayan age in the Holocene epoch.

Starting around 2200 BC, it most likely lasted the entire 22nd century BC. It has been hypothesised to have caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt, the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia, and the Liangzhu culture in the lower Yangtze River area. The drought may also have initiated the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation, with some of its population moving southeast to follow the movement of their desired habitat, as well as the migration of Indo-European-speaking people into India. Some scientists disagree with that conclusion, citing evidence that the event was not a global drought and did not happen in a clear timeline.

Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".
ICEfaces
ICEfaces is an open-source Software development kit that extends JavaServer Faces (JSF) by employing Ajax.  It is used to construct rich Internet applications (RIA) using the Java programming language.  With ICEfaces, the coding for interaction and Ajax on the client side is programmed in Java, rather than in JavaScript, or with plug-ins.

Browser extension
A browser extension is a software module for customizing a web browser. Browsers typically allow users to install a variety of extensions, including user interface modifications, cookie management, ad blocking, and the custom scripting and styling of web pages.

Browser plug-ins are a different type of module and no longer supported by the major browsers. One difference is that extensions are distributed as source code, while plug-ins are executables (i.e. object code). The most popular browser, Google Chrome, has over 200,000 extensions available but stopped supporting plug-ins in 2020.
Suseong District
Suseong District (Korean: 수성구; RR: Suseong-gu) is a gu (district) in southeastern Daegu, South Korea. It is one of the most prosperous and high-density areas of Daegu, the site of the city's most extensive hagwon district, so it's called "Gangnam of Daegu". The population of this district consists of those who have careers such as doctors, professors, judges and other high valued careers in Korea. Because of this, it is known for expensive housing and schools compared to other districts in Daegu.

Suseong District shares its eastern border with Gyeongsan, and looks across the Sincheon stream at Nam-gu and Jung-gu towards the city center. To the north it meets Dong-gu and to the south it faces Dalseong County across the ridgeline of Yongjibong.

Attractions in the district include Yongjibong and Suseong Lake, as well as the Sincheon riverside park. The district enjoys close connections to both downtown Daegu and neighboring Gyeongsan.

Administrative divisions of South Korea
South Korea is made up of 17 first-tier administrative divisions: 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyeoksi 광역시/廣域市), 1 special city (teukbyeolsi 특별시/特別市), 1 special self-governing city (teukbyeol-jachisi 특별자치시/特別自治市), and 9 provinces (do 도/道), including three special self-governing provinces (teukbyeol jachido 특별자치도/特別自治道) and six claimed by the ROK government. These are further subdivided into a variety of smaller entities, including cities (si 시/市), counties (gun 군/郡), districts (gu 구/區), towns (eup 읍/邑), townships (myeon 면/面), neighborhoods (dong 동/洞) and villages (ri 리/里).
Dawson Charlie
Dawson Charlie or K̲áa Goox̱ [qʰáː kuːχ] (c. 1865 – 26 December 1908) was a Canadian Tagish/Tlingit First Nation prospector and one of the co-discoverers of gold at Discovery Claim that led to the Klondike Gold Rush located in the Yukon territory of Northwest Canada. He was the nephew of Keish, also known as Skookum Jim Mason, and accompanied him on his search for his aunt, Kate Carmack. He staked one of the first three claims in the Klondike, along with his uncle and George Carmack.  Storyteller Angela Sidney was a niece.

By 1901, Charlie had adopted the legal name of "Charles Henderson."  There is a conflict as to Charlie's year of birth, between the information that Charlie provided during the 1901 census and the information on his tombstone.  The census indicates 1864 or 1865 as his year of birth.  The tombstone indicates 1866 as his year of birth.

He died in Carcross, Yukon, when he fell off the White Pass and Yukon Route railway bridge.

Skookum
Skookum is a Chinook Jargon word that has been in widespread historical use in British Columbia and the Yukon, as well as the Pacific Northwest. It has a range of meanings, commonly associated with an English translation of strong or monstrous. The word can mean strong, greatest, powerful, ultimate, or brave. Something can be skookum, meaning "strong" or "monstrously significant". When used in reference to another person, e.g. "he's skookum", it conveys connotations of reliability or a monstrous nature, as well as strength, size or a hard-working nature. DCHP-3 classifies skookum as a Type 4 Canadianism, by virtue of cultural significance.
Association of Government Accountants
The AGA (formerly Association of Government Accountants) is a professional organization for government financial management professionals. Its activities include advocacy in government financial management and working to increase government financial performance and accountability.

Based in Alexandria, Virginia, the AGA was founded in 1950 and has more than 14,000 members. In addition, the AGA grants the professional designation of Certified Government Financial Manager.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
The Invisible Man
The Invisible Man is an 1897 science fiction novel by H. G. Wells. Originally serialised in Pearson's Weekly in 1897, it was published as a novel the same year. The Invisible Man to whom the title refers is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light. He carries out this procedure on himself and renders himself invisible, but fails in his attempt to reverse it. A practitioner of random and irresponsible violence, Griffin has become an iconic character in horror fiction.

While its predecessors, The Time Machine and The Island of Doctor Moreau, were written using first-person narrators, Wells adopts a third-person objective point of view in The Invisible Man. The novel is considered influential, and helped establish Wells as the "father of science fiction".

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
Florence Van Leer Earle Coates
Florence Van Leer Nicholson Coates (née Earle; July 1, 1850 – April 6, 1927) was an American poet whose prolific output was published in dozens of literary magazines, some of it set to music. She was mentored by the English poet Matthew Arnold, with whom she maintained a lasting friendship. She was famous for her many nature poems, inspired by the flora and fauna of the Adirondacks, where she and her husband Edward Hornor Coates maintained a summer camp. She was elected poet laureate by the State Federation of Women's Clubs (Pennsylvania) in 1915.

Matthew Arnold
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the headmaster of Rugby School, and brother of both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator. He has been characterised as a sage writer, a type of writer who chastises and instructs the reader on contemporary social issues. He was also an inspector of schools for thirty-five years, and supported the concept of state-regulated secondary education.
Mike Quade
Gregory Michael Quade (pronounced: KWAH-dee) (born March 12, 1957) is an American professional baseball coach and manager. The manager of the Rochester Red Wings, Triple-A farm system affiliate of the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball from 2015 to 2017, Quade is currently the roving outfield coordinator in the Minnesota farm system.   He had spent 2014 as a roving outfield and baserunning instructor for the New York Yankees' organization.

Quade played college baseball at the University of New Orleans and professionally in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) as an outfielder, third, and second baseman. He became a MiLB manager after he retired as a player. From 2000 through 2002, he served as a coach for the Oakland Athletics and coached the Cubs from 2007 through 2010. He took over as the Cubs' manager in 2010 and held the position through 2011.

Vancouver Canadians
The Vancouver Canadians are a professional Minor League Baseball team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Founded in 2000 after the relocation of the Southern Oregon Timberjacks to Vancouver, the Canadians are members of the Northwest League and, since 2021, serve as the High-A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays. The team plays its home games at Nat Bailey Stadium.

The team's affiliation history includes a development partnership with the Oakland Athletics from its inaugural season through 2010 before a transition to the Blue Jays' system in 2011. The 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID‑19 pandemic; during the subsequent minor‑league reorganization, Vancouver advanced from the Class A Short Season level to High‑A, joining the rebranded Northwest League.
Uppland Runic Inscription 954
The Uppland Runic Inscription 954  is a Viking Age runestone engraved in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark runic alphabet. It was found by Johannes Bureus, but it has disappeared. It was located near Danmark Church in Uppsala Municipality. The style is possibly Pr1.

Uppsala Municipality
Uppsala Municipality (Swedish: Uppsala kommun) is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden. Uppsala has a population of 211,411 (2016-06-30). Its seat is located in the university city of Uppsala.

Uppsala Municipality was created through amalgamations taking place during the late sixties and the early seventies. There are about thirty original local government units combined in the present municipality. A split took place in 2003, when Knivsta Municipality was formed.
Yuri Yerznkyan
Yuri Aramaisovich Yerznkyan (Armenian: Յուրի Արամայիսի Երզնկյան; Russian: Юрий Арамаисович Ерзинкян; 26 January 1922 – 19 December 1996) was a Soviet Armenian film director and actor.

Yerznkyan was born in Georgia, and in 1940–41 studied at the Vakhtangov Theatre in Moscow. In 1943, he moved to Yerevan in Armenia, where he worked at Hayfilm, first as an actor and then as a film director. In 1946, he returned to Moscow and by 1949 completed directing courses of the Moscow Film Institute. He started his own directorial work in 1953, in Yerevan, and in 1982 was appointed as the head of directing faculty of the Armenian State Pedagogical University. Earlier in 1975 Yerznkyan was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Armenian SSR. He died in Moscow, and was buried in Yerevan.

Yerznkyan had a daughter, Anna, and a son, Ruben; both children headed cinematography-related departments at the Armenian State Pedagogical University.

Armenian State Pedagogical University
Khachatur Abovian Armenian State Pedagogical University   (ASPU) (Armenian: Խաչատուր Աբովյանի անվան հայկական պետական մանկավարժական համալսարան, ՀՊՄՀ), is a state university and higher education institution based in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Founded in 1922, the university is specialized in pedagogy and the preparation of teaching staff.

Named after the 19th-century Armenian writer Khachatur Abovian, the current rector of the university is professor Srbuhi Gevorgyan.
1948 United States Senate election in Kansas
The 1948 United States Senate election in Kansas was held on Tuesday November 2, to elect a United States Senator to class 2 United States Senate seat to represent of the State of Kansas for 6-year term. beginning January 3, 1949 ending January 3, 1955, Incumbent Republican Senator Arthur Capper declined to run for re-election to a sixth term. Former Governor Andrew F. Schoeppel won the Republican primary in a landslide and faced former U.S. Senator George McGill, the Democratic nominee. Schoeppel defeated Capper by a wide margin, outperforming Republican presidential nominee Thomas E. Dewey, who defeated President Harry S. Truman in the state.

Arthur Capper
Arthur Capper (July 14, 1865 – December 19, 1951) was an American politician from Kansas. He was the 20th governor of Kansas (the first to have been born in the state) from 1915 to 1919 and a United States senator from 1919 to 1949. He also owned a radio station (WIBW in Topeka), and was the publisher of a newspaper, the Topeka Daily Capital.
The Leopard (Reid novel)
The Leopard is a novel by Jamaican writer, V. S. Reid. It portrays the hardships of the Kenyan people during the time of the Mau Mau Rebellion.  Novels similar to The Leopard, such as Caroline Elkins’s Imperial Reckoning (2005), as well as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o’s Petals of Blood (1977) also reflect events during the Mau Mau uprising. The Leopard, however, distinct from any other novel of its kind, mainly focuses on the controversies of human nature with respect to the co-existence of violence and hatred between Africans and Europeans.

Published in 1958, The Leopard, Victor Reid’s second novel, marks a shift from his earlier concerns of illustrating struggles in Jamaica to illustrating a symbolic similarity in Africa. The title is representative of the character in the novel that symbolizes a blend of the counteracting white and black tendencies.

Demographics of Africa
The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries. 
Total population as of 2017 is estimated at more than 1.25 billion, with a growth rate of more than 2.5% p.a. 
The most populous African country is Nigeria with 191 million inhabitants as of 2017 and a growth rate of 2.6% p.a.
Sheriden Cave
Sheriden Cave is a Paleo-Indian archaeological site from the late Ice age in Wyandot County, Ohio, United States. Glacial deposits sealed off the cave more than 10,000 years ago. Sheriden Cave is a karst sinkhole on a dolomite ridge that crosses Hancock and Wyandot Counties. It is associated with the Indian Trail Caverns that opened in 1927. Sheriden Cave was discovered in 1989. The cave is unique because in addition to stone tools, there were also bone tools, remains of extinct animals, and organic matter found in the cave. Radiocarbon dating of artifacts indicate that they were used 11,000 and 12,000 years ago.

Hancock County, Ohio
Hancock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 74,920. Its county seat and largest city is Findlay. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1828. It was named for John Hancock, the first signer of the Declaration of Independence. Hancock County comprises the Findlay, Ohio Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Jacquelyn Campbell
Jacquelyn C. Campbell, PhD, MSN, RN, (born August 26, 1946) is an American academic nurse known for her research on domestic violence and violence against women, especially cases of such violence that end in homicide. She is professor and the Anna D. Wolf Chair at the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing. She is also the national program director for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Nurse Faculty Scholars program.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) is an American philanthropic organization. It is the largest one focused solely on health. Based in Princeton, New Jersey, the foundation focuses on access to health care, public health, health equity, leadership and training, and changing systems to address barriers to health. RWJF has been credited with helping to develop the 911 emergency system, reducing tobacco use among Americans, lowering rates of unwanted teenage pregnancies, and improving perceptions of hospice care.

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation supports the development of programs that can be used in community-led initiatives or by government bodies, funds research through surveys and polls, and makes impact investments. According to Pensions & Investments and Foundation Center, the foundation was the fifth-largest in the U.S. in investment assets, as of 2015. As of 2020, the value of its endowment was $13 billion.