hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Shapiro (mathematician)
Louis Welles Shapiro (born 1941) is an American mathematician working in the fields of combinatorics and finite group theory. He is an emeritus professor at Howard University.

Shapiro attended Harvard University for his undergraduate studies and then the University of Maryland, College Park for graduate school. Shapiro is most known for introducing the Riordan array, named after mathematician John Riordan, and developing the theory around it.  He has been an organizer of and speaker at the annual International Conference on Riordan Arrays and Related Topics, which has been held annually beginning 2014.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Cham (singer)
Cham (born Damian Beckett, 24 February 1977) is a Jamaican-born dancehall singer, mostly known for his 2006 single "Ghetto Story" from his major label debut album of the same name, a song which led to multiple "story" songs by other artists in a similar vein. He is currently signed to Atlantic Records, and was known as Baby Cham until 2005. He is still called Baby Cham by his fans from around the world despite the name change.

Carl Thomas (singer)
Carlton Neron Thomas (born June 15, 1972) is an American R&B singer from Aurora, Illinois. He was discovered by American rapper Puff Daddy, who signed Thomas to Bad Boy Records, a then-imprint of Arista Records in 1997. He became best known for his 2000 single "I Wish", which peaked at number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 and preceded his debut studio album, Emotional (2000).

The album and its follow-up, Let's Talk About It (2004), both peaked within the top ten of the Billboard 200, although the latter failed to spawn any charting singles on the Billboard Hot 100 and served as his final release with Bad Boy. He then signed with Bungalo and Universal Records to release his third album, So Much Better (2007), which moderately entered the Billboard 200, while his fourth, Conquer (2011)—released by Verve Forecast—narrowly did so.
Yuvam
Yuvam (English:Youth) is a 2021 Malayalam political thriller drama film directed by Pinku Peter. The movie go through the journey of three young advocates, who tries to prevent KSRTC being privatised due to debts and the unlawful actions by some politicians.

Political thriller
A political thriller is a thriller that is set against the backdrop of a political power struggle; high stakes and suspense are the core of the story. The genre often forces the audiences to consider and understand the importance of politics. The stakes in these stories are immense, and the fate of a country is often in the hands of one individual. Political corruption, organized crime, terrorism, and warfare are common themes.

Political thrillers can be based on facts such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy or the Watergate Scandal. There is a strong overlap with the conspiracy thriller.
Jim MacGregor
James McGregor (1887 – 20 April 1950) was a South African boxer who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. McGregor was born in Ladybrand.  In 1920, he was eliminated in the first round of the light heavyweight class after losing his fight to Edwin Schell of the United States.

McGregor died, aged 62, in Benoni, Gauteng.

Ladybrand
Ladybrand is a small agricultural town in the Free State province of South Africa, situated 18 km from Maseru, the capital of Lesotho. Ladybrand is one of five towns that forms the Mantsopa Local Municipality.  Founded in 1867 following the Basotho Wars, it was named after Lady (Catharina) Brand, the mother of the president of the Orange Free State, Johannes Brand.

The settlement of Ladybrand was created by Voortrekkers to give them control over the territories conquered and captured after the above-mentioned Basotho war.
High Ground (2012 film)
High Ground is a 2012 American documentary film, directed by Michael Brown, about eleven veterans who set off to climb the tallest peak in the Himalayas to heal the physical and emotional wounds of war. The expedition is led by blind adventurer Erik Weihenmayer, the first blind man to summit Mount Everest, and a team of experienced mountain climbers who guide this team of wounded veterans up the summit.

After an initial premiere at the Boulder International Film Festival, the film was selected for participation in the Newport Beach Film Festival, Sarasota Film Festival, and the Seattle International Film Festival.  The domestic release was in August 2012; the DVD release was for Veteran's Day 2012.

Newport Beach Film Festival
The Newport Beach Film Festival (NBFF) is an annual film festival in Newport Beach, California, typically held in late April. In 2022, it was announced that the festival had permanently changed its date to be held in October, as the festival began positioning itself for Oscar season.
Wyatt Technology Corporation
Wyatt Technology Corporation, or Wyatt Technology, is a developer and manufacturer of instrumentation for the characterization of nanoparticles and macromolecules. Headquartered in Santa Barbara, California, Wyatt Technology was founded in 1981 and incorporated in 1984. Wyatt Technology has developed and introduced instrumentation for the measurement of multiangle light scattering (MALS), quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) (also called photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) or dynamic light scattering (DLS)), differential refractive index, electrophoresis,  viscosity, and composition gradient multiangle light scattering (CG-MALS) for the determination of absolute molecular weights, sizes of nanoparticles, proteins, and polymers within a solution. It was acquired by Waters Corporation in 2023.

Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a "molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass." Polymers are physical examples of macromolecules. Common macromolecules are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates), polyolefins (polyethylene) and polyamides (nylon).
Yenipazar District, Bilecik
Yenipazar District is a district of Bilecik Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Yenipazar. Its area is 273 km2, and its population is 2,787 (2021). Its neighbors are Taraklı from the north, Göynük from north-east, Mihalgazi and Sarıcakaya from south-east, İnhisar from south and Gölpazarı from west.

Göynük
Göynük is a town in Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Göynük District. Its population is 4,376 (2021). The mayor is Ahmet Çankaya (MHP), elected in 2019. Its neighbours are Mudurnu from north-east, Nallıhan from south-east, Sarıcakaya from south, Yenipazar from south-west, Taraklı from west and Akyazı from north-west.
2002 WhatsOnStage Awards
The WhatsOnStage Awards, founded in 2001 as the Theatregoers' Choice Awards, are a fan-driven set of awards organised by the theatre website WhatsOnStage.com, based on a popular vote recognising performers and productions of English theatre, with an emphasis on London's West End theatre.

The results of the 2002 Whatsonstage Awards were:

Boy Gets Girl
Boy Gets Girl is a 2000 play by Rebecca Gilman. The play received its first production at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago in 2000.

Boy Gets Girl uses the story of what happens when a blind date turns into a living nightmare to examine stalking, sexism and the nature of the idea of romantic pursuit. Theresa Bedell is a smart, successful woman in her 30s, who writes for an upscale literary New York magazine. She is utterly devoted to her work and struggles with relationships.
Kovur Assembly constituency
Kovur Assembly constituency is a constituency in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Nellore Lok Sabha constituency.

Vemireddy Prashanthi Reddy is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 264,629 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on 13 May 2024 for constituting the sixteenth Andhra Pradesh Assembly. They were held alongside the 2024 Indian general election. The election results were declared on 4 June 2024.

The political alliance Kutami, led by the Telugu Desam Party, won the election in a landslide, winning 164 of the 175 seats. The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won 135 out of 144 contested seats. In comparison, the Janasena Party (JSP) won all the 21 seats it contested and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 8 out of 10 contested seats. The incumbent YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) only won 11 seats. The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) comprising Indian National Congress (INC), Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) failed to win any seats, for the third time continuously in a row.
Any Last Werdz
"Any Last Werdz" is the second and final single from Eazy-E's EP, It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa. It features Kokane and Cold 187um.

The single was released in 1994 as the follow-up to the popular "Real Muthaphuckkin G's" and was written by Eazy-E, Dirty Red and produced by Above the Law's Cold 187 um.  Any Last Werdz did find some success on the charts, making it to #69 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #5 on the Hot Rap Singles.

Kokane
Jerry Buddy Long Jr. (born March 10, 1969), better known by his stage name Kokane, is an American rapper and singer best known for his distinctive vocal style and numerous guest appearances, such as on Snoop Dogg's Tha Last Meal. He began his career in 1984 before in 1989 he recorded a three song demo with Cold 187um and was signed to Ruthless Records. He started co-writing songs for N.W.A and Above the Law before releasing his debut album in 1991.
Karel Schummelketel
Karel Johan Schummelketel (24 September 1897 – 8 January 1981) was a Dutch horse rider. He competed in eventing at the 1932 Summer Olympics and won a team silver medal, finishing sixth individually.

Schummelketel graduated from the Cadet School in Alkmaar and from the Koninklijke Militaire Academie (KMA) in his hometown of Breda. Between 1920 and 1928 he served as a cavalry lieutenant and adjutant in the Dutch East Indies, and later became a riding instructor at KMA. He returned to the Dutch East Indies in the late 1930s, and was held there as a prisoner of war during World War II. In 1950 he returned to the Netherlands, and later founded and headed (in 1969–72) the Dutch Equestrian Centre (NHB) in Deurne.

Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.
Lametasaurus
Lametasaurus (lə-MAY-tə-SOR-us; lit. 'Lameta lizard'), is a chimeric genus of dinosaur known from the Lameta Formation of Jabalpur, India. The type species is L. indicus. The weight estimate of Lametasaurus, on the basis of the robust tibia, is 3,600 kg (7,900 lb), similar morphology can be seen in the tibia of Pycnonemosaurus, which indicates similar weight estimates.

Lameta Formation
The Lameta Formation, also known as the Infratrappean Beds (not to be confused with the contemporaneous Intertrappean Beds), is a sedimentary geological formation found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh, India, associated with the Deccan Traps. It is of the Maastrichtian age (Late Cretaceous), and is notable for its dinosaur fossils.
Festus Davies
Festus Davies is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he is the current Bishop of Ogori-Magongo, one of 11 dioceses within the Anglican Province of Lokoja, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.
Maiden Vows
Maiden Vows (Polish original title: Śluby Panieńskie and USA title: War of Love) is a 2010 Polish historical drama directed by Filip Bajon. The film is an adaptation of Aleksander Fredro's play of the same title from 1832. The film is set in the Austrian Partition and was shot in Kotuń and Nowa Sucha from August 26 to September 30, 2010.

The film is set in the nineteenth century, but the film has anachronistic contemporary inserts (e.g. car, cell phones, modern press).

Austrian Partition
The Austrian Partition (Polish: zabór austriacki) comprises the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired by the Habsburg monarchy during the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. The three partitions were conducted jointly by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy (subsequently, Habsburg Austria), resulting in the complete elimination of the Polish Crown. Austria acquired Polish lands during the First Partition of 1772, and Third Partition of Poland in 1795. In the end, the Austrian sector encompassed the second-largest share of the Commonwealth's population after Russia; over 2.65 million people living on 128,900 km2 (49,800 sq mi) of land constituting the formerly south-central part of the Republic.
Keith Walford
Keith Walford is the representative for the Saint Ann district in the Parliament of Jamaica. A member of the People's National Party (PNP), he was elected in the 2011 election that saw the PNP win 2/3 of parliamentary seats. He is also the founder of the sound system Bass Odyssey.

Sound system (Jamaican)
In Jamaican popular culture, a sound system is a group of disc jockeys, sound engineers and MCs playing music such as ska, rocksteady, reggae, dub reggae, dancehall and ragga. Sound systems are an important part of Jamaican culture and history, especially with the Windrush generation in Britain. Sound clashes involve crew members from opposing sound systems pitting their DJing and MCing skills against each other in venues or at festivals.
Ghetto di Ferrara
The Ferrara Ghetto was established by an edict of Cardinal Cennini dated 23 August 1624, in one of the oldest areas of the city, a short distance from the Cathedral of San Giorgio (Ferrara) and the Castello Estense. It was permanently closed in 1859.

Castello Estense
The Castello Estense ('Este castle') or castello di San Michele ('St. Michael's castle') is a moated medieval castle in the center of Ferrara, northern Italy. It consists of a large block with four corner towers.
2022 Council of the District of Columbia election
On November 8, 2022, a general election was held for the Council of the District of Columbia. Elections were held in four ward districts as well as for chairperson of the council and two at-large seats. Democrats remained in control of the council, electing six out of the seven positions that were on the ballot. Independent Kenyan McDuffin, formerly the Democratic councilperson for Ward 5, was also elected.

Council of the District of Columbia
The Council of the District of Columbia (or simply D.C. Council) is the legislative branch of the government of the District of Columbia. As permitted in the United States Constitution, the district is not part of any U.S. state and is overseen directly by the federal government.

Since 1975, the United States Congress has devolved to the Council certain powers that are typically exercised by city councils elsewhere in the country, as well as many powers normally held by state legislatures. However, the Constitution vests Congress with ultimate authority over the federal district, and therefore all acts of the council are subject to congressional review. They may be overturned by Congress and the president. Congress also has the power to legislate for the district and even revoke the home rule charter altogether.

The council meets in the John A. Wilson Building in downtown Washington, D.C.
Carapelle (river)
The Carapelle is a river in the province of Foggia in the Apulia region of Italy. The source of the river is north of Anzano di Puglia near the border with the province of Avellino in the Daunian Mountains, along the Campanian Apennine. The river flows northeast near Monteleone di Puglia before curving eastward and flowing near Accadia and Sant'Agata di Puglia before being joined by a right tributary, the Calaggio. The river then curves northeast and is joined by a left tributary, the Carapellotto, before flowing past Ordona and Carapelle. The river connects with the Saline di Margherita di Savoia salt marsh via two branches on the south bank of the river before emptying into the Gulf of Manfredonia in the Adriatic Sea northwest of Zapponeta.

Zapponeta
Zapponeta (Pugliese: Zappunòte) is a town and comune in the province of Foggia in the Apulia region of southeast Italy. Until 1975 it was a frazione of Manfredonia. It was founded in 1768 by baron Michele Zezza.
Hafize Gaye Erkan
Hafize Gaye Erkan (born 1979, Istanbul) is the former governor of the Central Bank of Turkey. She is a former co-CEO and president of First Republic Bank and was a member of the company's board of directors. She is the former CEO of Greystone & Co Inc, a New York-based national real estate finance company in the senior-housing industry. She also was a board member at Tiffany & Co and a director at Marsh & Mclennan Cos Inc.

Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) is the central bank of Turkey. Its responsibilities include conducting monetary and exchange rate policy, managing international reserves of Turkey, as well as printing and issuing banknotes, and establishing, maintaining and regulating payment systems in the country.

The CBRT is tasked by law to achieve and maintain price and financial stability in Turkey, and has a mandate to use, by its own discretion, whichever policy instrument at its disposal to reach these objectives. Therefore, it has instrument but not goal independence. Since 2006, the CBRT follows a full-fledged inflation targeting regime.
James T. White (politician)
James T. White (August 25, 1837 – March 13, 1892) was a Baptist minister and state legislator from Helena and Little Rock, Arkansas. He was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives and later the Arkansas Senate in the late 1860s and early 1870s. He was also a member of the Arkansas constitutional conventions in 1868 and 1874. He edited the Baptist newspaper, The Arkansas Review. He was an African American and a Republican. In 1868 he was among the first six African Americans to serve in the Arkansas House.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
Monachoides
Monachoides is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.

Some species of snails in this genus create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior.

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
Rajko Štolfa Stadium
Rajko Štolfa Stadium (Slovene: Stadion Rajko Štolfa) is a multi-purpose stadium in Sežana, Slovenia. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of the Slovenian Second League team NK Tabor Sežana. The stadium holds 1,310 spectators. It was known as Mestni stadion (English: City Stadium) in the past. Since 2003, the stadium is named after Rajko Štolfa, a football administrator from Sežana.

Slovenian Second League
The Slovenian Second Football League (Slovene: Druga slovenska nogometna liga), also known by the abbreviation 2. SNL, is the second highest football league in Slovenia. The league was formed in 1991 and is operated by the Football Association of Slovenia.
Re-Inventions: Best of the Vanguard Years
Re-Inventions: Best of the Vanguard Years is a greatest hits compilation of folk guitarist Sandy Bull, released in 1999 through Vanguard Records. It comprises pieces from three of his albums: Fantasias for Guitar and Banjo, Inventions and Demolition Derby.

Vanguard Records
Vanguard Recording Society is an American record label set up in 1950 by brothers Maynard and Seymour Solomon in New York City. It was primarily a classical label during its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, but also has a catalogue of recordings by a number of pivotal jazz, folk, and blues musicians. The Bach Guild was a subsidiary label.

The label was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in April 2015.
Donald Vandepeer
Sir Donald Edward Vandepeer, KCB, KBE (21 September 1890 – 6 October 1968) was an English civil servant. Educated at University of London, he entered the civil service in 1908 and joined the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries; he was Permanent Secretary of the Ministry from 1945 to 1952. He led the British delegation to the United Nation Food and Agricultural Organisation's conferences.

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom)
The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) was a United Kingdom government department created by the Board of Agriculture Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 30) and at that time called the Board of Agriculture, and then from 1903 the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, and from 1919 the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. It attained its final name in 1955 with the addition of responsibilities for the British food industry to the existing responsibilities for agriculture and the fishing industry, a name that lasted until the Ministry was dissolved in 2002, at which point its responsibilities had been merged into the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).

Until the Food Standards Agency was created, the Ministry was responsible for both food production and food safety which was seen by some to give rise to a conflict of interest. The Ministry was scrutinised by the Agriculture Select Committee.