hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chorzęcin
Chorzęcin [xɔˈʐɛnt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 40 km (25 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

In 2019, the Volunteer Fire Brigade in Chorzęcin celebrated 100th anniversary.

There is a public transport bus from Tomaszów Mazowiecki to Chorzęcin (2 lines).

Tomaszów Mazowiecki
Tomaszów Mazowiecki (pronounced [tɔˈmaʂuf mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi] ⓘ, Yiddish: טאָמעשעוו or Tomashuv) is a town in central Poland with 60,529 inhabitants (2021). It is the fourth most populous city in the Łódź Voivodeship and the second with free public transport. It is the seat of Tomaszów County.

In Tomaszów Mazowiecki there is the first (and the only) all-year speed skating track in Poland - Ice Arena Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which has hosted the World Championships. In autumn, the city hosts the international Love Polish Jazz festival, organized by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.
Leigh S. Estabrook
Leigh Stewart Estabrook (born May 1, 1942) is Dean Emerita at the University of Illinois School of Information Sciences. She is a sociologist and library and information science professor, noted for her innovations in research, including building a diverse faculty actively engaged in research ranging from historical work to digital library initiative projects. She was president of the Association for Library and Information Science Education in 1988–1989.

Association for Library and Information Science Education
The Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) (pronounced "Ah-lease") promotes education for the information professions internationally through engagement, advocacy and research.

ALISE is a non-profit professional association for faculty, staff, and students in the library and information sciences and allied disciplines.
Cahit Talas
Cahit Talas (1917 – 14 October 2006) was a Turkish academic who was the dean of Ankara University's Faculty of Political Science for two terms. He served as the minister of labor between 1960 and 1961. He is known for being the pioneer of social politics in Turkey.

Ankara University
Ankara University (Turkish: Ankara Üniversitesi) is a public research university in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. It was the first higher education institution founded in Turkey after the formation of the Turkish republic in 1923.
Róbert Puci
Róbert Puci (born 13 June 1973 in Trebišov) is a Slovak politician. He has served as a member of the National Council since 2012, as well as Direction – Slovak Social Democracy until 2020. Puci was known as a staunch loyalist of the party chairman and prime minister Robert Fico. Nonetheless, when the party split in 2020, he left Direction to join Voice – Social Democracy.

Voice – Social Democracy
Voice – Social Democracy (Slovak: Hlas – sociálna demokracia, Hlas-SD) is a social democratic and populist political party in Slovakia. It was founded in 2020 by dissidents from Direction – Social Democracy (Smer-SD) led by former prime minister Peter Pellegrini. In October 2022, it was admitted as an associate member of the Party of European Socialists (PES), although its membership was later suspended in October 2023.

Several members of the party's presidium, including its founder Peter Pellegrini, are associated with bribery and abuse of power in the testimonies of cooperating defendants. In December 2020, the National Crime Agency charged Peter Žiga, a member of the party's presidium, with bribery.
Thirteen Buddhist Sites of Yamato
The Thirteen Buddhist Sites of Yamato (大和十三仏霊場, Yamato jūsan butsu reijō) are a group of 13 Buddhist sacred sites in Nara Prefecture. Yamato was a former province of Japan corresponding to today's Nara Prefecture. The majority of the temples in this grouping are part of Japanese esoteric Shingon Buddhism.

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture (奈良県, Nara-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425 sq mi). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
Du fait de cuisine
The late medieval cookbook  Du fait de cuisine ("On cookery") was written in 1420 in part to compete with the court of Burgundy by Maistre Chiquart, master chef of Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy.

The book contained banquet, supper, and curative recipes prepared for the duke, including a dish composed of "a castle made of molded meat paste, adorned with five firebreathing roasted animals, innumerable smaller molded figures, and a fountain spraying rosewater and mulled wine."

A translation of the work from Middle French to English was published in 2010.

Middle French
Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:

the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l'ancien français)

the French language was imposed as the official language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages

the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.

It is the first version of French that is largely intelligible to Modern French, contrary to Old French.
Bakestone
A bakestone is a type of griddle, particularly associated with Wales, where they are used for cooking Welsh cakes.

Before the 19th century, bakestones were made of stone; usually oval and of schistose steatite (soapstone), slate or very fine micaceous flaggy sandstone about 1+1⁄2 inches (4 cm) thick. Modern bakestones are usually circular with a cut-out handle and are made of cast iron or steel, approximately 1 cm (0.4 in) thick. In Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire the spelling is bakstone and are primarily used to cook very thin, yeasted oatcakes or riddle bread.

New bakestones are seasoned by burning a mixture of lard or oil and salt, giving a non-stick surface and protecting against rust. The blackened surface is not removed when the bakestone is cleaned and bakestones are believed to improve with repeated use.

Oatcake
An oatcake is a type of flatbread similar to a cracker or biscuit, or in some versions takes the form of a pancake.  They are prepared with oatmeal as the primary ingredient, and sometimes include plain or wholemeal flour as well. Oatcakes are cooked on a griddle (girdle in Scots) or baked in an oven.
Rosset sheep
The Rosset is a breed of domestic sheep from the Valle d'Aosta in north-west Italy. It is morphologically similar to the Savoiarda breed from Piemonte and to the Thônes et Marthod breed from Savoie; it may have been influenced also by the Blanc des Alpes and the Biellese. It is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.

In 2013 the total number recorded for the breed was 919.

Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia
The Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, or roughly "national association of pastoralists", is the Italian national body responsible for the administration of sheep- and goat-breeding. It maintains the herd books for more than a hundred indigenous breeds of sheep and goats. It records breed numbers and submits them twice yearly to DAD-IS, and keeps records for all breeders of sheep and goats in the country.
Corruption in the Federated States of Micronesia
Corruption in the Federated States of Micronesia describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). The FSM has faced challenges in maintaining transparency and accountability in its political and administrative systems. These create opportunities for corruption and is further exacerbated by weak enforcement of anti-corruption measures, limited resources, and a lack of public awareness about corruption's impact on development.

According to the Global Corruption Barometer study by Transparency International, 80% of Micronesians perceive corruption in the government as a grave concern. Additionally, 58% of respondents disclosed that they had been offered bribes in exchange for their votes within the past five years, underscoring the prevalence of electoral malpractice and ethical challenges in governance. The findings in this study are reflected in several cases of corruption involving public officials.

Global Corruption Barometer
The Global Corruption Barometer published by Transparency International is the largest survey in the world tracking public opinion on corruption. It surveys 114,000 people in 107 countries on their view of corruption.
John of Kelso
John (died 1207) was a late 12th century and early 13th century Tironensian monk and bishop. By the time he first appears in the records, as Bishop-elect of Aberdeen in December 1199, he was the prior of Kelso Abbey, that is, deputy to the Abbot of Kelso. He achieved consecration as Bishop of Aberdeen by 20 June 1200, though the date on which this took place is unknown.

John's episcopate, like many from this era, is badly documented, and little is known about his activities. He assisted at the Provincial Council held by the Papal legate, John of Salerno, at Perth in December 1200. His name occurs as a witness to three charters of David of Huntingdon, Lord of Garioch and Earl of Huntingdon, charters preserved in the cartulary of Lindores Abbey. Ratifications of grants made by Gille Críst, Earl of Mar are recorded. He died on 13 October 1207.

Gille Críst, Earl of Mar
Gille Críst of Mar is the fourth-known mormaer of Mar, from 1183 to 1203.

His relationship to the previous mormaer, Morggán, is not totally clear, but Gille Críst was not the son of Morggán, and so his succession could probably be explained by operations of Gaelic succession, but scholars know almost nothing about the internal functions of Mar in this period.

He had two sons, Máel Coluim and Eoin. He also had a daughter, whose name is unknown. Her importance, though, is high, because she married Máel Coluim of Lundie, and their son Thomas Durward eventually contested the inheritance of Mar by the line of Morggán.

His wife was Orabilis, a daughter of Ness fitzWilliam, Lord of Leuchars. Her marriage to Gille was her third. She had previously been married to Robert de Quincy, Constable of Leinster, and, secondly, Adam, the son of Duncan I, Earl of Fife.
Bridger Formation
The Bridger Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bridgerian and Uintan stages of the Paleogene Period. The formation was named by American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden for Fort Bridger, which had itself been named for mountain man Jim Bridger. The Bridger Wilderness covers much of the Bridger Formation's area.

Uintan
The Uintan North American Stage is the North American faunal stage, typically set from 46,200,000 to 42,000,000 years before present lasting 4.2 million years. The Uintan Stage is a key part of the North American Land Mammal Age. In the Uinta Basin, a thriving subtropical ecosystem was formed at around 46.0 million years ago. It falls within the Eocene epoch, preceded by the Bridgerian and followed by the Duchesnean NALMA stages. The Uinta Formation is a key piece of this geologic stage. Mammalian sabretooths evolved and became dominant predators in the now-Western United States. These included Apataelurus, Diegoaelurus, and Machaeroides.
Kakabeka Falls
Kakabeka Falls (/ˌkɛkəˈbɛkə/) is a waterfall on the Kaministiquia River, located beside the village of Kakabeka Falls in the municipality of Oliver Paipoonge, Ontario, 30 km (19 mi) west of the city of Thunder Bay.

The falls have a drop of 40 m (130 ft), cascading into a gorge carved out of the Precambrian Shield by meltwater following the Last Glacial Maximum. Because of its size and ease of access, it has been consequently nicknamed "the Niagara of the North".

The rock face of the falls and the escarpments along the gorge are composed primarily of unstable shale, and are eroding. These rocks host sensitive flora, and contain some of the oldest fossils in existence, some 1.6 billion years of age. Due to the fragile rock, going into the gorge below the falls is prohibited.

The name "Kakabeka" comes from the Ojibwe word gakaabikaa "waterfall over a cliff" ([ˈɡəkaːˈbɪkaː][help]).

Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield (French: Bouclier canadien [buklje kanadjɛ̃]), also called the Laurentian Shield or the  Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. As a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, the shield stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada and most of Greenland; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the continental United States.
D48 road (Croatia)
D48 is a state road connecting the city of Pazin with D21 and D302 state roads near Baderna, the latter serving as a connecting road to A9/B9 expressway.

The D48 road thus serves as a connection between the two arms of Istrian Y and towns in the centre of Istria peninsula, including Pazin, Baderna and Žminj. The road is 19.1 km (11.9 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Žminj
Žminj (Italian: Gimino) is a village and a municipality in Istria, west Croatia, 15 km south of Pazin.

The town is located on a limestone hill between the Lim valley and the Raša valley, 355 meters above sea level. Its economy is based on farming and livestock breeding. Žminj is located at the intersection of regional roads to Pazin, Kanfanar, Svetvinčenat and Labin. This part of Istria has a number of tourist attractions, landscapes and the remnants of cultural heritage from all ages (such as a tower Citadel in the old town).
Scouting in South East England
Scouting in South East England provides an overview of Scouting activities in the governmental region of South East England. The largest number of Scouts and volunteer leaders in the region is linked to the Scout Association of the United Kingdom, while there is also a presence of traditional Scouting groups, such as the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association. The Scout Association administers the region through 9 Scout Counties, overseen by a regional commissioner, which follow the boundaries of the ceremonial counties they exist within. There are also a number of Scouting clubs within Universities in the region which are affiliated to the Student Scout and Guide Organisation.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
The Cemetery of the Eagles
The Cemetery of the Eagles (Spanish:El cementerio de las águilas) is a 1939 Mexican historical war film directed by Luis Lezama and starring Jorge Negrete, Margarita Mora and José Macip. It is set during the Mexican–American War of the 1840s. The film's sets were designed by José Rodríguez Granada. The battles of Churubusco and Chapultepec were recreated. It premiered on 1 September 1939, the same day as the Second World War broke out in Europe. The film's overtly patriotic theme proved very popular at the Mexican box office.

Battle of Churubusco
The Battle of Churubusco took place on August 20, 1847, while Santa Anna's army was in retreat from the Battle of Contreras or Battle of Padierna during the Mexican–American War. It was the battle where the San Patricio Battalion, made up largely of US deserters, made their last stand against U.S. forces. The U.S. Army was victorious, outnumbering more than six-to-one the defending Mexican troops. After the battle, the U.S. Army was only 5 miles (8 km) away from Mexico City. 50 Saint Patrick's Battalion members were officially executed by the U.S. Army, all but two by hanging. Collectively, this was the largest mass execution in United States history.
John P. Stewart
John Pogue Stewart (June 1, 1876 – January 27, 1922) was an American football and basketball coach.  He was the fifth head football coach at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois, serving for four seasons, from 1903 to 1906, compiling are record of 14–11–1.

Stewart taught sciences including biology and physics at Illinois high schools before and during his time at Illinois State. He also studied horticulture at Cornell University, receiving his A.B. in 1902.

Stewart was later a professor at Pennsylvania State University as well as a fruit grower, botanist and horticulturist. He died at his York, Pennsylvania home in 1922. At the time of his death, he was the head of the department of pomology at Penn State.

York, Pennsylvania
York is a city in York County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. Located in South Central Pennsylvania, the city's population was 44,800 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Pennsylvania. The city has an urban area population of 238,549 and has a metropolitan area population of 456,449.

Founded in 1741, York served as the temporary base for the Continental Congress from September 1777 to June 1778, during which the Articles of Confederation were drafted. It is the largest city in the York–Hanover metropolitan area, which is also included in the larger Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area of the Susquehanna Valley.
Manchester University Press
Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England, and a publisher of academic books and journals. Manchester University Press has developed into an international publisher. It maintains its links with the University.

University press
A  university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. They are often an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by scholars in the field. They produce mainly academic works but also often have trade books for a lay audience. These trade books also get peer reviewed. Many but not all university presses are nonprofit organizations, including the 160 members of the Association of University Presses.

Because scholarly books are mostly unprofitable, university presses may also publish textbooks and reference works, which tend to have larger audiences and sell more copies. Most university presses operate at a loss and are subsidized by their owners; others are required to break even. Demand has fallen as library budgets are cut and the online sales of used books undercut the new book market. Many presses are experimenting with electronic publishing.
S. Gurunathan
S. Gurunathan was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Palayamkottai constituency in 1989 election. In 2024, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in the presence of Tamil Nadu BJP chief K. Annamalai and Rajeev Chandrasekhar.

1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The ninth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 21 January 1989. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) won the election and its leader M. Karunanidhi became the Chief Minister. It was his third term in office. The DMK was in power only for a short term, as it was dismissed on 31 January 1991 by the Indian Prime minister Chandra Shekhar using Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.
Taverny Air Base
Taverny Air Base (formerly Base Aérienne 921 "Frères Mahé" de Taverny; ICAO: LFPJ) is located in the communities of Taverny and Bessancourt in the Val-d'Oise department of France, 20 km (12.4 mi) north-northwest of Paris. From 1964 to 2007 and again since 2024 it has been the headquarters of the Strategic Air Forces Command, the nuclear strike force of the French Air and Space Force, with an underground command center.

The base is divided into three tiers with an area of approximately 15 hectares:

The first tier is underground in a former gypsum quarry beneath the Forest of Montmorency.  The facility comprised the hardened command facility for the French Air Force.

The second tier is on the surface, and provided support services for the underground command center.

The third tier is at the top of the hill, with facilities for secure military communications.

There were no aviation facilities apart from a heliport.

Bessancourt
Bessancourt (French pronunciation: [bɛsɑ̃kuʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. Bessancourt station has rail connections to Persan, Saint-Leu-la-Forêt and Paris.
Todrah language
Todrah is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam. The two dialects, Sodrah and Xodrah, are quite distinct. Speakers are officially classified by the Vietnamese government as Sedang people.

Todrah contrasts clear, breathy and laryngeal vowels.

Creaky voice
In linguistics, creaky voice (sometimes called laryngealisation, pulse phonation, vocal fry, or glottal fry) refers to a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below the common vocal register. It is a special kind of phonation in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact. They normally vibrate irregularly at 20–50 pulses per second, about two octaves below the frequency of modal voicing, and the airflow through the glottis is very slow. Although creaky voice may occur with very low pitch, as at the end of a long intonation unit, it can also occur with a higher pitch. All contribute to make a speaker's voice sound creaky or raspy.