hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Pittsburgh
Five ships of the United States Navy have been or will be named USS Pittsburgh in honor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:

USS Pittsburgh (1861) (alternately spelled Pittsburg) was an ironclad gunboat that served during the American Civil War.

USS Pittsburgh (CA-4), originally named USS Pennsylvania (ACR-4), was an armored cruiser serving during World War I.

USS Pittsburgh (CA-70), the original name of USS Canberra (CA-70), that was changed just before launch to honor the loss of HMAS Canberra (D33), which was lost during the Battle of Savo Island in the Pacific War.

USS Pittsburgh (CA-72), originally named Albany, was a Baltimore-class cruiser that served during World War II, and notable for losing her bow in a typhoon, and yet surviving.

USS Pittsburgh (SSN-720) was a Los Angeles-class submarine decommissioned in 2019.

USS Pittsburgh (LPD-31) is a San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock, currently under construction.

Los Angeles-class submarine
The Los Angeles class of submarines are nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy. Also known as the 688 class (pronounced "six-eighty-eight") after the hull number of lead vessel USS Los Angeles (SSN-688), 62 were built from 1972 to 1996, the latter 23 to an improved 688i standard. As of 2025, 23 of the Los Angeles class remain in commission and they account for almost half of the U.S. Navy's 50 fast attack submarines.

Submarines of this class are named after American towns and cities, such as Albany, New York; Los Angeles, California; and Tucson, Arizona, with the exception of USS Hyman G. Rickover, named for the "father of the nuclear Navy." This was a change from traditionally naming attack submarines after marine animals, such as USS Seawolf or USS Shark. Rickover explained the decision to name the submarines after cities (and occasionally politicians influential in defense issues) by observing that "fish don't vote."
Bulk electrolysis
Bulk electrolysis is also known as potentiostatic coulometry or controlled potential coulometry.  The experiment is a form of coulometry which generally employs a three electrode system controlled by a potentiostat.  In the experiment the working electrode is held at a constant potential (volts) and current (amps) is monitored over time (seconds).  In a properly run experiment an analyte is quantitatively converted from its original oxidation state to a new oxidation state, either reduced or oxidized.  As the substrate is consumed, the current also decreases, approaching zero when the conversion nears completion.

The results of a bulk electrolysis are visually displayed as the total coulombs passed (total electric charge) plotted against time in seconds, even though the experiment measures electric current (amps) over time.  This is done to show that the experiment is approaching an expected total number of coulombs.

Coulomb
The coulomb (symbol: C) is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined to be equal to the electric charge delivered by a 1 ampere current in 1 second, with the elementary charge e as a defining constant in the SI.
Panzieri
Panzieri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francesco Panzieri (born 1985), Italian visual effects supervisor

Raniero Panzieri (1921–1964), Italian politician and Marxist theoretician

Shabbethai Panzieri, 17th-century Italian rabbi

Shabbethai Panzieri
Shabbethai ben Mordecai Panzieri was an Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century.

He was Rabbi of Rome in 1652 and 1653, of Sinigaglia from 1680 to 1685, and again of Rome from the last-mentioned year. He had a reputation as a Talmudist, and corresponded with Samuel Aboab in Venice and with Jehiel Finzi in Florence.

When it was desired to introduce into the community the system of selfvaluation of property supported by an oath, Shabbethai spoke very energetically in favor of the method hitherto pursued, namely, that of valuation by a commission of seven members. He was supported by Joseph Fiammetta.
Mikołaj Święcicki
Mikołaj Święcicki of the Jastrzębiec coat of arms (born ca. 1640 in Święcice, died 27 November 1707 in Vienna) was from 1697, the Bishop of Kiev, from 1699, the Bishop of Poznań, the chancellor of the Poznań cathedral chapter in 1674–1679, the dean of the Poznań cathedral chapter in 1679-1701  scholastic of the collegiate chapter of Saint. John the Baptist in Warsaw, an official and vicar general in Mazovia in 1684.

Jastrzębiec coat of arms
Jastrzębiec (Polish pronunciation: [jaˈstʂɛmbjɛt͡s]) is one of the most ancient Polish coat of arms. Dating back to the 10th century, it has been used by Poland's oldest szlachta families and remains in use today.
HMHS Gloucester Castle
HMHS Gloucester Castle (His Majesty's Hospital Ship) was a steam ship originally built for the Union-Castle Line, but requisitioned for use as a British hospital ship during the First World War.  On 30 March 1917 she was torpedoed by German U-boat UB-32. She was, however, salvaged, and returned to civilian service after the war. She was sunk by the German commerce raider Michel in 1942 off Ascension Island in the South Atlantic.

Union-Castle Line
The Union-Castle Line was a British shipping line that operated a fleet of passenger liners and cargo ships between Europe and Africa from 1900 to 1977. It was formed from the merger of the Union Line and Castle Shipping Line.

It merged with Bullard King and Clan Line in 1956 to form British & Commonwealth Shipping, and then with South African Marine Corporation (commonly referred to as Safmarine) in 1973 to create International Liner Services, but maintained its separate identity throughout. Its shipping operations ceased in 1977.
The Prophet (newspaper)
The Prophet was a local Latter Day Saint newspaper published in New York City, New York, United States. The first editor of the paper was William Smith and the periodical was printed from 1844 to 1845.

The paper was likely founded as part of Joseph Smith's presidential campaign.  It resembled other contemporary Mormon newspapers, from which it often published excerpts.  Other editors included George T. Leach, Samuel Brannan, A. E. Wright, and Parley P. Pratt.  In July 1845 the paper's format and name changed to become the New-York Messenger, which lasted until the end of the year.

Political campaign
A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group. In democracies, political campaigns often refer to electoral campaigns, by which representatives are chosen or referendums are decided. In modern politics, the most high-profile political campaigns are focused on general elections and candidates for head of state or head of government, often a president or prime minister.
Ibis GS-600 Arrow
The GS-600 Arrow is a Colombian homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Ibis Aircraft of Cali, introduced in 2000. When the aircraft was available it was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft or as a kit for amateur construction.

Production has been completed and as of 2011 the aircraft was no longer part of the company's product line.

Ivoprop
Ivoprop Corporation, founded in 1984 by Ivo Zdarsky, is an American manufacturer of composite propellers for homebuilt and ultralight aircraft, as well as airboats. The company's headquarters are in Long Beach, California.

Zdarsky started the company after carving his own propeller for a homebuilt ultralight trike that he flew to escape from Cold War Czechoslovakia, over the Iron Curtain to Vienna in 1984. Ivoprop has sold more than 20,000 propellers since then.

The company's propellers are built from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer and feature a stainless steel leading edge.
Ellen McGrattan
Ellen McGrattan is an American macroeconomist who is Professor of Economics at the University of Minnesota and past director of the Heller-Hurwicz Economics Institute, and consults for the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.

McGrattan's professional honors include being a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a Fellow of the Econometric Society, a Fellow of the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory. She is a member of the Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee, and the Minnesota Population Center Advisory Board, and formerly served as president of the Midwest Economics Association.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
2024–25 Fordham Rams women's basketball team
The 2024–25 Fordham Rams women's basketball team represented Fordham University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Rams, led by second-year head coach Bridgette Mitchell, played their home games at Rose Hill Gymnasium in the Bronx, New York, as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10 Conference).

They finished the season 15–15, 9–9 in A-10 play, to finish in a tie for eighth place. In the A-10 tournament, they were knocked out in the first round by Duquesne.

2025 Atlantic 10 women's basketball tournament
The 2025 Atlantic 10 women's basketball tournament will be the postseason women's basketball tournament for the 2024–25 season of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10). It was held from March 5-9, 2025, in Henrico, Virginia, at the Henrico Sports & Events Center. It will be the 42nd annual edition of the tournament.
Fight the Power: How Hip-Hop Changed the World
Fight the Power: How Hip-Hop Changed the World is a 2023 BBC Studios television documentary production in collaboration with PBS, presented by Chuck D of Public Enemy. It was broadcast as a four-part miniseries starting in late January 2023 on BBC Studios' BBC2, with a series run through Black History Month in February 2023. How Hip-Hop Changed the World was occasioned to coincide with the 50th anniversary of hip hop music.

Black History Month
Black History Month is an annually observed commemorative month originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month. It began as a way of remembering important people and events in African-American history, before it spread to other countries where it could celebrate black people worldwide. It initially lasted a week before becoming a month-long observation since 1970. It is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada, where it has received official recognition from governments, and more recently has also been celebrated in Ireland and the United Kingdom where it is observed in October.
Eugaster spinulosa
Eugaster spinulosa (Tashelhit: ⵡⴰⴳⵏⵉⵎ wagnim), is a species of bush-cricket from Morocco.

It is known as the whistle cricket, because herdsmen would dry it and pull off its legs, in order to use the cricket as a whistle.

After mating, the male of the species cannot mate again for ten days.

Eugaster spinulosa was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 work Centuria Insectorum, as Gryllus spinulosus. The holotype had been collected from the "Barbary Coast" (Morocco) in 1756, and was in Alexander Macleay's collection when he travelled to Sydney in 1826. It is the oldest dated specimen in the University of Sydney's Macleay Museum. Its label bears the text "A curious insect from Barbary, the only one known of its kind in England. Geo Edwards, 1756".

Alexander Macleay
Alexander Macleay MLC FLS FRS  (24 June 1767 – 18 July 1848) was a Scottish-Australian leading member of the Linnean Society, a fellow of the Royal Society and member of the New South Wales Legislative Council.
Hawthorn Hill, Berkshire
Hawthorn Hill is a hamlet in Berkshire, England, within the civil parish of Warfield. The settlement lies at the junction of the A3095 and A330 roads, and is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Bracknell. Hawthorn Hill Racecourse was situated where Bird Hills Golf Centre is today, at the end of the Drift Road. It was built on a farm owned by Sir Robert Wilmot. National Hunt meetings started in 1888 and stopped in 1913. They began again in 1921, and were quite a social event during the Jazz Age. They finally ended in 1939.

Sir Robert Wilmot, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert Wilmot, 1st Baronet (1708–1772) was an English servant of the Crown, Secretary to successive Viceroys of Ireland from 1740 to 1772, and after 1758 Secretary to the Lord Chamberlain of the Household. By 1750 several correspondents regarded him as "the channel through which all Irish business, especially that concerning patronage, must flow".
Three Chords and the Truth (Sara Evans album)
Three Chords and the Truth is the debut studio album by American country music artist Sara Evans. The album's title comes from Harlan Howard, a country music songwriter to whom this quote is widely attributed. It also was an improvized lyric in U2's version of the Bob Dylan song "All Along the Watchtower," released on the Rattle and Hum album. The album was released in July 1997 via RCA Records Nashville and it produced three singles: "True Lies", the title track, and "Shame About That". Even though all three singles charted on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, none of them reached the Top 40, making this Evans' only major label album to not produce any Top 40 hits.

Harlan Howard
Harlan Perry Howard (September 8, 1927 – March 3, 2002) was an American songwriter, principally in country music. In a career spanning six decades, Howard is credited with writing more than 4,000 songs, over 100 of which reached country music's Top 10.
Kenneth Peacock
Kenneth Howard Peacock (7 April 1922 – 22 November 2000) was a Canadian ethnomusicologist, composer, and pianist. He was a leading authority in Canadian enthnomusicology, and his research and publications in that field had a profound impact on the folk music revival in Canada of the mid to late 20th century. He was an associate of the Canadian Music Centre, a founding member of the Canadian Music Council, and a member of the Canadian League of Composers. In 1982 he was named a Member of the Order of Canada, and in 1998 was awarded the Marius Barbeau Medal by the Folklore Studies Association of Canada.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Honderich
Honderich (/ˈhɒndrɪk/ HON-drik) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ted Honderich, British philosopher

Beland Honderich, Canadian newspaper executive who worked on the Toronto Star

John Honderich, publisher of the Toronto Star from 1994–2004

John Honderich
John Allen Honderich, CM OOnt (July 6, 1946 – February 5, 2022) was a Canadian businessman, journalist, and editor who was publisher of the Toronto Star from 1994 to 2004. He previously served as its editor from 1988, the same year his father, Beland Honderich, retired as publisher of the paper.
Quellhuacotarriti
Quellhuacotarriti (Aymara qillwa, qiwña, qiwlla Andean gull, quta lake, Quechua rit'i snow, "gull lake snow (mountain)") is a mountain in the Carabaya mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,200 m (17,100 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Macusani District. Quellhuacotarriti lies southwest of Allincapac and south of Vela Cunca.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
Advanced materials industry in China
As an important part of the national sustainable development strategy, the development of advanced materials is advancing the competitive nature and state of the art for Chinese industry. The State has put advanced materials high on its development agenda for the next decade and listed it among the key high-tech industry sectors that would be given priority for development by the State Council. At present, the pace of building China's advanced materials industry is accelerating. Advanced materials have been key fields in China's national R&D system (National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) and National Basic Research Program (973 Program)).

State of the art
The state of the art (SOTA or SotA, sometimes cutting edge, leading edge, or bleeding edge) refers to the highest level of general development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field achieved at a particular time. However, in some contexts it can also refer to a level of development reached at any particular time as a result of the common methodologies employed at the time.

The term has been used since 1910, and has become both a common term in advertising and marketing, and a legally significant phrase with respect to both patent law and tort liability.

In advertising, the phrase is often used to convey that a product is made with the best or latest available technology, but it has been noted that "the term 'state of the art' requires little proof on the part of advertisers", as it is considered mere puffery. The use of the term in patent law "does not connote even superiority, let alone the superlative quality the ad writers would have us ascribe to the term".
2010 Dutch National Track Championships
The 2010 Dutch National Track Championships were the Dutch national Championship for endurance and sprint disciplines for track cycling. The madison discipline took place at 16 October. The other competitions took place at Omnisport Apeldoorn in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands from December 28 to December 30, 2011. The event was organized by the KNWU, and competitions were held of various track cycling disciplines in different age, gender and disability categories.

Dutch National Track Championships
The Dutch National Track Championships are the set of Dutch national championship events for the various disciplines and distances in track cycling. They are organized by the KNWU. There are competitions of various track cycling disciplines in age, gender and disability categories. Women's events are shorter than men's. Championships are open to all licensed riders.

The winner of a national championship discipline receives a gold medal and a national jersey. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. National champions wear their national jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it. Former champions can wear rainbow cuffs to their everyday jerseys.
2013 Kirinyaga local elections
Local elections were held in Kirinyaga to elect a Governor and County Assembly on 4 March 2013. Under the new constitution, which was passed in a 2010 referendum, the 2013 general elections were the first in which Governors and members of the County Assemblies for the newly created counties were elected.  They will also be the first general elections run by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission(IEBC) which has released the official list of candidates.

2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Kenya on 4 August 2010. Voters were asked whether they approved of a proposed new constitution, which had been passed by the National Assembly on 1 April 2010. The new constitution was seen as a vital step to avoid a repetition of the violent outbursts after the 2007 general elections.

The result was a victory for the "Yes" campaign, with 68.6% of voters approving the constitution. The "No" campaign's main spokesman, Higher Education Minister William Ruto, conceded defeat. The new constitution came into force on 27 August.
Hermosa Beach City School District
The Hermosa Beach School District is responsible for public education in the city of Hermosa Beach, California.  It has 3 schools Hermosa Valley (5-8) Hermosa View (Pre-k-1) Hermosa Vista (2-4)

The school district is supported by the Hermosa Beach Education Foundation, a volunteer-run program which raises financial support for continued educational development of the students and teachers of the School District.

Residents of the district were also in South Bay Union High School District until 1993, when it dissolved. Since 1993 residents may choose between Redondo Union High School or Mira Costa High School after graduating from Hermosa Beach CSD.

Mira Costa High School
Mira Costa High School (MCHS, "Costa") is a four-year public high school located in Manhattan Beach, California, United States that first opened 1950. It is the only high school in the Manhattan Beach Unified School District. The school's athletic teams are known as the Mustangs and the school colors are green and gold. Mira Costa is located on the corner of Peck Avenue and Artesia Boulevard.
The Silkie
The Silkie were an English folk music group. Their name was derived from an Orcadian song "The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry", which they sometimes performed. They were briefly considered to be the English equivalent of Peter, Paul and Mary, with their common repertoire of Bob Dylan songs, and the original Australian folk group, The Seekers.

The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry
"The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry" or "The Grey Selkie of Sule Skerry" is a traditional folk song from Orkney and Shetland. A woman has her child taken away by its father, the great selkie of Sule Skerry which can transform from a seal into a human. The woman is fated to marry a gunner who will harpoon the selkie and their son.

"The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry" is a short version from Shetland published in the 1850s and later listed as Child ballad number 113. "The Grey Selkie of Sule Skerry" is the title of the Orcadian texts, about twice in length. There is also a greatly embellished and expanded version of the ballad called "The Lady Odivere".