hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mamanteo
A mamanteo or amuna is a pre-Columbian water harvesting system used in mountainous parts of Peru.

It works by 'delaying' rainy-season runoff in the mountains so it can be used in lowlands settlements during the dry season. Using canals, the system targets floods to permeable sections of soil or rock. The water is filtered by the ground layers and emerges in downslope springs weeks or months later, where it can be used to mitigate drought.

The technology may have been used by the Andean Wari culture as early as 700 AD, and some of the ancient systems have been restored in the 21st century to serve modern cities.

Wari culture
The Wari (Spanish: Huari) were a Middle Horizon civilization that flourished in the south-central Andes and coastal area of modern-day Peru, from about 500 to 1000 AD. At their height, they formed the Wari Empire.

Wari, as the former capital city was called, is located 11 km (6.8 mi) north-east of the modern city of Ayacucho, Peru. This city was the center of a civilization that covered much of the highlands and coast of modern Peru. The best-preserved remnants, besides the Huari|Wari ruins, are the recently discovered Northern Wari ruins near the city of Chiclayo, and Cerro Baúl in Moquegua. Also well-known are the Wari ruins of Pikillaqta ("Flea Town"), a short distance south-east of Cuzco en route to Lake Titicaca.

However, there is still a debate whether the Wari dominated the Central Coast or the polities on the Central Coast were commercial states capable of interacting with the Wari people without being politically dominated by them.
USS Reuben James
Three ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Reuben James.  Reuben James was a boatswain's mate who distinguished himself fighting the Barbary pirates.

The first USS Reuben James (DD-245), a four-stack Clemson-class destroyer, was the first US Navy ship sunk by hostile action in the European Theatre in World War II.

The second USS Reuben James (DE-153), a Buckley-class destroyer escort, escorted convoys during World War II.

The third USS Reuben James (FFG-57) was an Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided missile frigate.

Clemson-class destroyer
The Clemson class was a series of 156 destroyers (six more were cancelled and never begun) built at the end of World War I, the majority of which served with the United States Navy from after World War I and through World War II.

The Clemson-class ships were commissioned by the United States Navy from 1919 to 1922, built by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, New York Shipbuilding Corporation, William Cramp & Sons, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Bath Iron Works, some quite rapidly. The Clemson class was a minor redesign of the Wickes class for greater fuel capacity and was the last pre-World War II class of flush-deck destroyers to be built for the United States. Until the Fletcher-class destroyer, the Clemsons were the most numerous class of destroyers commissioned in the United States Navy and were known colloquially as "flush-deckers", "four-stackers" or "four-pipers".
Matthew H. Gore
Matthew H. Gore (born 1962) is a British historian, popular culturist, and educator residing in Memphis, Tennessee. He is best known for his book The History of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Kentucky to 1988 (2000), but has published on a variety of topics as diverse as The Origin of Marvelman (a British superhero of the 1950s and 1960s), the relative scarcity of East German philatelics, and the biography of British pulp artist, Denis McLoughlin. He is employed by the Board of Christian Education of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church at the Cumberland Presbyterian Center in Memphis, Tennessee, and has been associated with both Western Kentucky University, which honored him with their James H. Poteet Award, and the University of Kentucky. He also serves as editor for the Boardman Books (Memphis, Tennessee) series Comics Monographs.

Stamp collecting
Stamp collecting is the collecting of postage stamps and related objects. It is an area of philately, which is the study (or combined study and collection) of stamps. It has been one of the world's most popular hobbies since the late nineteenth century with the rapid growth of the postal service, as a stream of new stamps was produced by countries that sought to advertise their distinctiveness through their stamps.
Arkhangelsk constituency
The Arkhangelsk constituency (No.72) is a Russian legislative constituency in Arkhangelsk Oblast. The constituency covers northern half of Arkhangelsk and western Arkhangelsk Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Aleksandr Spiridonov, Sevmash engineer, who won the open seat after defeating one-term United Russian incumbent Dmitry Yurkov in the primary.

Alexander Spiridonov
Alexander Yurievich Spiridonov (Russian: Александр Юрьевич Спиридонов; 3 January 1989, Severodvinsk) is a Russian political figure, a deputy of the 8th State Duma.

While studying at the Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Spiridonov started working at the Sevmash. In 2010, he was recognized as the best young worker at the enterprise. In 2019, Spiridonov won in The Leaders of Russia contest. He was engaged in various local social initiatives. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.
Salvo (band)
Salvo (formerly Pain) is an American 14-member band.  Originally formed by Alabama high school friends, Pain played music variously described as pop punk, punk rock, and ska; toured worldwide; and released four albums.  Though the group was effectively in stasis after the bandleader left, they reformed in 2019 as Salvo, and released a new album called Off the Charts.

BroadwayWorld
BroadwayWorld is a theatre news website based in New York City, New York. Launched in 2003, the site covers Broadway, Off-Broadway, regional, and international theater productions, with sections devoted to particular countries, cities, or regions. The website publishes theatre news, interviews, reviews, and other coverage related to theater. It also includes an online message board for theater fans.

The  UK / West End section awards the UK / West End BroadwayWorld Awards each year, based on votes by theater-goers to productions in the UK.
Chinese Times
The Chinese Times was a Chinese language newspaper established in Melbourne in 1902. Its Chinese title was initially 愛國報 Aiguobao (Patriotic Newspaper, 1902–1905), later 警東新報 Jingdongxinbao (1905–1914), 平報 Pingbao (1917), 民報 Minbao (The People, 1919-1922). At the time of its establishment it was the only Chinese-language newspaper in Melbourne, and one of three in Australia (along with the Chinese Australian Herald and the Tung Wah Times, both published in Sydney). From 1919 it was the official newspaper of the Kuomintang in Australia. It moved to Sydney in 1922, where it continued to publish until 1949.

The first edition appeared on 5 February 1902. It appeared weekly, initially on Wednesdays but from February 1905 on Saturdays. It ceased publication on a few occasions, including in 1907, between 1915 and 1919, and between 1920 and 1922.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
George Martin (Kent cricketer)
George Martin (11 October 1833 – 21 September 1876) was an English professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club between 1856 and 1863.

Martin was born at Penshurst in Kent in 1833. He made his first-class cricket debut for Kent against Surrey County Cricket Club at Tunbridge Wells in August 1856. He went on to make a total of 15 appearances in first-class matches for the county, playing for it until 1863.

Martin died at Leigh, Kent in September 1876 aged 42.

Leigh, Kent
Leigh (/ˈlaɪ/), historically spelled Lyghe, is a village and a civil parish located in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England. It is located six miles (10 km) south of Sevenoaks town and three miles (5 km) west of Tonbridge.

There is a large village green; nearby is Hall Place, once Leigh Hall, occasionally open to the public, built in 1876. The parish church (13th century) is dedicated to St Mary.
Persecution of Muslims
The persecution of Muslims has been recorded throughout the history of Islam, beginning with its founding by Muhammad in the 7th century.

In the early days of Islam in Mecca, pre-Islamic Arabia, the new Muslims were frequently subjected to abuse and persecution by the Meccans, known as the Mushrikun in Islam, who were adherents to polytheism. In the contemporary period, Muslims have faced religious restrictions in some countries. Various incidents of Islamophobia have also occurred.

Panthay Rebellion
The Panthay Rebellion (1856–1873), also known as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion (Tu Wen-hsiu Rebellion), was a rebellion of the Muslim Hui people and other (Muslim as well as non-Muslim) ethnic groups against the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, as part of a wave of Hui-led multi-ethnic unrest.

The name "Panthay" is a Burmese word, which is said to be identical with the Shan word Pang hse. It was the name by which the Burmese called the Chinese Muslims who came with caravans to Burma from the Chinese province of Yunnan. The name was not used or known in Yunnan itself. The rebellion referred to itself as the Pingnan Kingdom, meaning Pacified Southern Kingdom.
1967–68 Swiss 1. Liga
The 1967–68 1. Liga season was the 36th season of the 1. Liga since its creation in 1931. At this time, the 1. Liga was the third tier of the Swiss football league system and it was the highest level of amateur football. The two higher divisions in Switzerland, at this time, were becoming professional or, at least, semi-professional.

Swiss football league system
The Swiss football league system, is a series of interconnected leagues for association football clubs in Switzerland, with seven teams from Liechtenstein, and one each from exclaves of Germany and Italy, also competing. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system. The first two levels of the system are collectively called Swiss Football League.

Liechtenstein does not have its own national league, therefore its teams compete in the Swiss leagues; see List of association football clubs playing in the league of another country.
Russell Earl Kelly
Russell Earl Kelly is an American Christian theologian, apologist, speaker, and blogger, who is the author of several non-fiction books on theology. Kelly writes about his opinions regarding tithing, arguing that the practice of giving 10% of one's income to a church is not a Christian obligation.

Russell Earl Kelly has received media attention for his views on his opinions about tithing. He participated in a live 90-minute debate on tithing in London on Revelation TV. On November 23, 2007, the Wall Street Journal published an article by Suzanne Sataline, "The Backlash Against Tithing", which featured Kelly and his views. On March 2, 2008, Kelly was featured in a CBS Sunday Morning cover story titled "To Tithe or Not to Tithe". He was also subsequently mentioned in Charisma magazine online.

Charisma (magazine)
Charisma (also known as Charisma + Christian Life and Charisma News) is a monthly Christian magazine based in Lake Mary, Florida, a suburb of Orlando.  It is aimed at Pentecostals and charismatics. Its perspective is influenced by the charismatic revivalism and other contemporary streams of charismatic Christianity such as the Toronto Blessing, International House of Prayer, the Apostolic-Prophetic movement, and the New Apostolic Reformation.
Steve Dargavel
Steven John Dargavel (born 10 June 1966) is a former Australian  politician.

Dargavel was born in Traralgon, Victoria and received an Associate Diploma in Welfare Studies from Monash University.  He then worked as a youth refuge worker, youth housing worker and employment counsellor. He then became a research officer and, from 1996, an organiser for the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union.

Dargavel won a by-election in 1997 as the Australian Labor Party candidate for the House of Representatives seat of Fraser following the resignation of John Langmore to take up a position in the United Nations.  He was beaten for preselection for the seat for the 1998 election by Bob McMullan, when the electorate of Namadgi was abolished, leading to a reshuffling of Labor candidates between the Australian Capital Territory electorates.

1998 Australian federal election
A federal election was held on 3 October 1998 to elect members of the 39th Parliament of Australia. All 148 seats of the House of Representatives and 40 seats of the 76 seat Senate were up for election. The incumbent centre-right Liberal/National Coalition government led by Prime Minister John Howard of the Liberal Party and coalition partner Tim Fischer of the National Party defeated the centre-left Australian Labor Party opposition led by Opposition Leader Kim Beazley, despite losing the nationwide popular and two-party preferred vote. However, the Australian Labor Party gained seats compared to the previous election.

Entering parliament at this election were future Prime Ministers Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard, future Liberal deputy leader and future Minister of Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop, future Deputy Prime Minister Wayne Swan and future Speaker Anna Burke.
Ceinture 4001 to 4005
Ceinture 4001 to 4005, was a class of five 4-8-0T tank locomotives designed by the Chemins de fer de l'Ouest for the Syndicat d'Exploitation des Chemins de fer de Ceinture de Paris.

They were built by Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (SACM) at their Belfort Works in 1904

In 1934 they passed to the Chemins de fer du Nord, who renumbered them Nord 4.001 to 4.005.

In 1938 at the formation of the SNCF, they became 240.TA.1 to 240.TA.5.

One locomotive, 240.TA.2 was destroyed in World War II and written-off the books in September 1944. The remaining four locomotives continued in service until they were all retired in September 1948. None were preserved.

Chemins de fer du Nord
The Chemins de fer du Nord (French: Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord [kɔ̃paɲi de ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ dy nɔʁ] or CF du Nord; English: Northern Railway Company) often referred to simply as the Nord company, was a rail transport company founded in September 1845 in Paris. It was owned by, among others, de Rothschild Frères of France, N M Rothschild & Sons of London, Charles Laffitte and Edward Blount, and Baron Jean–Henri Hottinguer. Baron James de Rothschild served as the company's president from its inception until his death in 1868.
Arthur Fox (fencer)
Arthur George Fox (September 9, 1878 – August 17, 1958) was an English-American fencer who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.

Taking up fencing as a sport in his native United Kingdom, he emigrated to the United States at some point. After his emigration to the US, in 1904, he won the silver medal in  team foil competition. He also competed in the individual foil event but was eliminated in the first round. In the individual sabre event he finished fifth.

He was born in Cowes, Isle of Wight, England and died in Los Angeles, California, USA.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Viktoria Pavlovich
Viktoria Pavlovich (Belarusian: Вікторыя Уладзіміраўна Паўловіч; Łacinka: Viktoryja Uładzimiraŭna Paŭłovič; born 8 May 1978) is a Belarusian table tennis player who plays for Turkish powerhouse Fenerbahçe SK. She won the women's singles at the 2010 and 2012 European Championships. She was born in Minsk, and resides there. Her twin sister Veronika Pavlovich is an Olympic table tennis player as well.

She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, reaching the third round of the singles competition. She competed in both singles and doubles in 2004.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics she reached the fourth round.

Belarusian Latin alphabet
The Belarusian Latin alphabet or Łacinka (from Belarusian: лацінка, BGN/PCGN: latsinka, IPA: [laˈt͡sʲinka]) for the Latin script in general is the Latin script as used to write Belarusian. It is similar to the Sorbian alphabet and incorporates features of the Polish and Czech alphabets. Today, Belarusian most commonly uses the Cyrillic alphabet.
Mesophleps palpigera
Mesophleps palpigera is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar and South Africa. Records from outside of Africa are based on misidentifications.

The wingspan is 9–15.5 mm.

The larvae feed on Bauhinia, Parkinsonia aculeata, Acacia, Albizia altissimum, Albizia lebbeck, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria retusa, Lonchocarpus cyanescens, Millettia zechiana, Pericopsis laxiflora, Tephrosia bracteolata.

Albizia lebbeck
Albizia lebbeck is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae, native to the Indian subcontinent and Myanmar. It is widely cultivated and naturalised in other tropical and subtropical regions, including Australia. Common names in English include siris, Indian siris, East Indian walnut, Broome raintree, lebbeck, lebbek tree, frywood, koko and woman's tongue tree. The latter name is a play on the sound the seeds make as they rattle inside the pods. Siris is also a common name of the genus Albizia.
That Might Be It, Darling
That Might Be It, Darling is a limited edition studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter King Creosote, released in the winter of 2010 on Fence Records. The album was only available to purchase at Creosote's live shows, and is a vinyl-only release. Frequent collaborator, The Pictish Trail, describes the album as "another secret album." A full-band re-recording of the album was released in 2013, entitled That Might Well Be It, Darling.

The final song on the album, "Going Gone", features lead vocals from frequent collaborator, Gummi Bako.

The Pictish Trail
Johnny Lynch (born 28 September 1981) is a Scottish musician who performs under the pseudonym The Pictish Trail. After graduation from the University of St Andrews, Lynch ran Fence Records from 2003 until 2013 and has since been running Lost Map Records. Lynch has attended and played every Green Man Festival since its inception in 2003. He's also played as band member with other musicians, including James Yorkston and Malcolm Middleton. In 2010 he released an album and toured with Adem Ilhan under the name Silver Columns.
Esrum Å
Esrum Å is the principal drainage of Lake Esrum, Denmark's second largest lake, located in Gribskov Municipality, some 50 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The 10-km-long stream extends from the northwestern part of the lake and flows past Esrum Watermill and Esrum Abbey on its way to The Kattegat at Dronningmølle.

Esrum Canal (Danish: Esrum Kanal) was built in about 1800 to facilitate the transportation of firewood from Gribskov to Copenhagen, offering a navigable alternative to the upper part of Rsrum Å. It remained in use until the 1870s but has now dried out.

Gribskov
Gribskov (Grib Forest) is Denmark's fourth largest forest, comprising c. 5,600 ha of woodland situated in northern Zealand, west and south of Lake Esrum. The forest is owned and administered by the State of Denmark, and a part of the Kongernes Nordsjælland National Park. In July 2015, it was one of three forests included in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand.

Gribskov is usually divided into four sections: The northwest surrounding the small village of Maarum, the northeast on the banks of Lake Esrum, the southwest around the small lake of Gribsø and finally the southeast, enclosing the village of Nødebo on the southern banks of Lake Esrum.

Only a thin strip of Hillerød town in the south separates Gribskov from many larger woodlands such as Store Dyrehave at 1,100 ha, Tokkekøb Hegn at 631 ha and several smaller woods.
Huinganco
Huinganco is a village and municipality in the Minas Department of the Neuquén Province in southwestern Argentina. It is located 470 km (290 mi) northwest of Neuquén city, the province capital. Situated on the valley of the Neuquén River on the foot of the Cordillera del Viento mountain range, the village is nicknamed the garden of the province because of its natural beauty.

Neuquén Province
Neuquén (Spanish pronunciation: [newˈken]) is a province of Argentina, located in the west of the country, at the northern end of Patagonia. It borders Mendoza Province to the north, Rio Negro Province to the southeast, and Chile to the west. It also meets La Pampa Province at its northeast corner.
Émerson Leão
Émerson Leão (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛmeʁsõ leˈɐ̃w]; born 11 July 1949) is a Brazilian former football goalkeeper and manager. He is regarded by pundits as one of best Brazilian goalkeepers of all time. A documentary video produced by FIFA, FIFA Fever, called him the third-most impressive defense player of all time. He was born in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo.

Brazil Independence Cup
The Brazil Independence Cup was an international football tournament held in Brazil, from 11 June to 9 July 1972, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Brazilian Declaration of Independence. It was called the Minicopa by the Brazilians and the final was between Brazil and Portugal, in the Maracanã Stadium. Brazil won 1–0, with Jairzinho scoring in the 89th minute.

Brazil no longer had Pelé but still had Tostão, Jairzinho and Rivellino, the later two also played in the 1974 FIFA World Cup, in West Germany.

Despite Portugal's quality results and team, including Benfica players such as Eusébio, Jaime Graça, José Henrique, Humberto Coelho, Rui Jordão, and Toni, the team missed the World Cup 1974 and 1978 qualifying matches, so this tournament was their best result until the 1984 European Football Championship.
13963 Euphrates
13963 Euphrates (/juːˈfreɪtiːz/), provisional designation 1991 PT4, is a resonant Griqua asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1991, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in Chile. The asteroid was named after the Euphrates River in the Middle East.

La Silla Observatory
La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Several other telescopes are also located at the site and are partly maintained by ESO. The observatory is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and was the first in Chile to be used by ESO.

The La Silla telescopes and instruments are located in the North of the Coquimbo region, 150 km northeast of La Serena, on the outskirts of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest and most remote areas in the world. Like other observatories in this region, La Silla is far from sources of light pollution and, like the Paranal Observatory—home to the Very Large Telescope—it has some of the darkest night skies on Earth.