hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henrietta Ogan
Henrietta Ogan is a Nigerian Business administrator and former National President of Ahmadu Bello University Alumni Association. She was succeeded by Ahmed Tijani Mora, a Pharmacist and former Registrar and Chief Executive Officer of the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria.

Pharmacy Council of Nigeria
The Pharmacy Council of Nigeria (PCN) is an agency of the federal government of Nigeria, established in 1992 to regulate and control the practice of pharmacy in Nigeria.
Its responsibility is to oversee the practice of pharmacy across the country and supervise pharmaceutical education in Nigeria.

The council was previously known as the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria until 2022. After 2022, PCN became a government parastatal established by the Pharmacy Council of Nigeria Act 2022, charged with the responsibility of regulating and controlling pharmacy education, training and practice in all aspects and ramifications, including regulating pharmacy technicians and patent and proprietary medicines vendors (PPMVs).
Neerukonda massacre
The Neerukonda Massacre happened in Andhra Pradesh on July 15, 1987, in Neerukonda village, inside the Guntur district of India's Andhra Pradesh state. An angry mob composed of members of the Kamma caste began attacking Dalit Malas after some of them held a wedding ceremony inside the town's upper-caste areas. The rioters killed five people, one a Yadav and the remaining four Malas. Among those people killed was a 60-year old Mala elder. Many Malas fled to nearby Mangalagiri.

The riots, along with the Karamchedu and Tsundur massacres, have been described as having helped shape the perception of the caste system in Indian society.

Kamma (caste)
Kamma is a largely Hindu caste from South India. The community of Kammas is believed to have originated from agriculturists of the Kammanadu region of the erstwhile Guntur district and Ongole division in Andhra Pradesh. Propelled by their military activity in the Vijayanagara Empire, Kammas are believed to have spread out from the region during the Vijayanagara period, followed by some in-migration during the British period and out-migration again during the twentieth century. Today they are regarded as the richest group in Andhra Pradesh and are a dominant caste from Coastal Andhra with socio-economic and political prominence throughout the Telugu-speaking regions of India (the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana).

They also have a notable, albeit smaller, presence in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. In recent times, 
a sizeable number of Kammas have migrated to the United States.
Galactonate dehydratase
The enzyme galactonate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.6) catalyzes the chemical reaction

D-galactonate  2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + H2O

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-galactonate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-alactonate-forming). Other names in common use include D-galactonate dehydrase, D-galactonate dehydratase, and D-galactonate hydro-lyase.  This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Bernard Dunand
Bernard Dunand (born 2 September 1936) is a Swiss competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a silver medal in the 5.5 Metre class at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, together with Marcel Stern and Louis Noverraz.

He sailed on France at the 1970 America's Cup.

1970 America's Cup
The 1970 America's Cup was held in September 1970 at Newport, Rhode Island. The US defender, Intrepid, skippered by Bill Ficker, defeated the Australian challenger, Gretel II, skippered by James Hardy, four races to one.

Intrepid had beaten Heritage and Valiant to become the defender. (1962 winner Weatherly also participated in the trials, providing a fourth boat so racing could proceed more uniformly.) Gretel II had beaten France to become the challenger.
Merit shop
A merit shop is term which refers to a firm or organization that pays certain employees by merit (experience/worth to company). Contrary to popular belief, a merit shop can be non-union or union shop. Management retains the right to perform hiring, promotion, salary adjustments, bonuses, and termination, based on the laws of the state and federal government, along with its evaluation of individual's ability to accomplish the tasks assigned to them by the employer.

By law, such decisions will not be biased by age, race, national origin, organizational affiliation, seniority, color, creed and sex. The term "merit shop" was coined by John Trimmer, who served from 1952 to 1976 as an officer of the Associated Builders and Contractors, an American trade association of primarily non-union construction contractors. In common usage, "merit shop" is often synonymous with being non-union or open shop.

Associated Builders and Contractors
Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) is a national U.S. trade association representing the construction industry. ABC is an association of 69 chapters with more than 23,000 general contractors and construction-related firms among its members.
1996 African Cup of Nations final
The 1996 African Cup of Nations final was a football match that took place on 3 February 1996 at the FNB Stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa, to determine the winner of the 1996 African Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

South Africa won their first title, beating Tunisia 2–0. The match was attended by both then-president Nelson Mandela, deputy president F. W. de Klerk and by then Sport Minister Steve Tshwete, and Bafana Bafana were congratulated by them, lifting the trophy in front of the multiracial home crowd.

Steve Tshwete
Steve Vukhile Tshwete (12 November 1938 – 26 April 2002) was a South African politician and activist with the African National Congress. Involved in Umkhonto we Sizwe, Tshwete was imprisoned by the apartheid authorities on Robben Island from February 1964 to 1978. Tshwete resumed activities with the ANC and become a regional coordinator for the new United Democratic Front. He later lived in exile in Zambia. After the first free elections in South Africa in 1994, he became the new government's first Sports Minister and later was Minister of Safety and Security.
Rintoul
Rintoul is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chad Rintoul (born 1974), Australian rules footballer

Cole Rintoul (born 1982), Australian musician

David Rintoul (born David Wilson, 1948), Scottish stage and television actor

Douglas Rintoul, British playwright

Gordon Rintoul (born 1955), Scottish museum director

Harry Rintoul (1956–2002), Canadian playwright

Ian Rintoul, Australian political activist

Leonora Jeffrey Rintoul (1878–1953), Scottish ornithologist

Robert Stephen Rintoul (1787–1858), British journalist

Stuart Rintoul (born 1968), English cricketer

Stuart Rintoul (journalist), Australian journalist and author, formerly on The Australian

William Rintoul (1870–1936), British chemist

David Rintoul
David Rintoul (né  Wilson; 29 November 1948) is a Scottish stage and television actor. Rintoul was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, and won a scholarship to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London.
Fyodor Chernozubov
Fyodor Grigoryevich Chernozubov (14 September 1863 – 14 November 1919; sometimes seen as Theodore G. Chernozubov) was an Imperial Russian Army officer who became lieutenant general on 20 February 1915. His father was Grigori Chernozubov. He was trained at the Page Corps and later the Imperial General Staff Academy in 1889.

He became Chief of Staff of the 1st Caucasus Cossack Division from 17 April 1901 to 10 December 1902 at the Russian Caucasus Army. He was assigned Chief troops Caucasia on 10 December 1902. Between 30 July 1902 to 1 June 1906, he was the head of the cavalry training of Persian Cossack Brigade. He was appointed Chief of Staff of the Terek Cossacks on 26 November 1908.

From 4 July 1916, he commanded the 2nd Caucasian Cavalry Corps, and showed himself as a talented commander. After the February Revolution, he was removed from office during the cleansing of top military staff.

He published several articles on military intelligence.

Terek Cossacks
The Terek Cossack Host was a Cossack host created in 1577 from free Cossacks who resettled from the Volga to the Terek River. The local aboriginal Terek Cossacks joined this Cossack host later. In 1792 it was included in the Caucasus Line Cossack Host and separated from it again in 1860, with the capital of Vladikavkaz. In 1916 the population of the Host was 255,000 within an area of 1.9 million desyatinas.

The host would be destroyed during De-Cossackization between 1919 and 1933, however, in the 1990s Russian speakers living in territories formerly controlled by the host have attempted to revive Cossack traditions and culture but were largely expelled from the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, their main power base, due to the First Chechen War. A "Terek Cossack Host" was formed in Stavropol on February 12, 1997, however, has no connection to the original host, and is instead a "Registered Cossack" paramilitary.
Paul Youll
Paul Youll (born 1965 in Hartlepool, England) is a science fiction and fantasy artist and illustrator. He was born as one of five sons and, at one time, was part of a two-man illustration team with his twin brother, Stephen. He got his start in the genre when his work, done in conjunction with Stephen's, was seen in 1987 at the 45th World Science Fiction Convention in Brighton, England.  His first commission, a collaboration with Stephen, was for the cover painting for Emerald Eyes by Daniel Keys Moran that was published by Bantam Books.

After graduating from the Durham New College of Art and Design, Paul spent two more years at Sunderland University.  Since 1989, when Stephen moved to America, Paul has worked independently and has produced paintings mainly for Bantam Books.  Youll currently resides with his wife Annmarie in the country village of Esh Winning, on the border of Derwent Side and County Durham.  He illustrates primarily for the U.S. softcover (paperback) book market.

Margaret Weis
Margaret Edith Weis (/waɪs/; born March 16, 1948) is an American fantasy and science fiction author of dozens of novels and short stories. At TSR, Inc., she teamed with Tracy Hickman to create the Dragonlance role-playing game (RPG) world. She is founding CEO and owner of Sovereign Press, Inc and Margaret Weis Productions, licensing several popular television and movie franchises to make RPG series in addition to their own.

In 1999, Pyramid magazine named Weis one of The Millennium's Most Influential Persons, saying she and Hickman are "basically responsible for the entire gaming fiction genre". In 2002, she was inducted into the Origins Hall of Fame in part for Dragonlance.
Stretch receptor
Stretch receptors are mechanoreceptors responsive to distention of various organs and muscles, and are neurologically linked to the medulla in the brain stem via afferent nerve fibers.  Examples include stretch receptors in the arm and leg muscles and tendons, in the heart, in the colon wall, and in the lungs.

Stretch receptors are also found around the carotid artery, where they monitor blood pressure and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland.

Types include:

Golgi organ

Muscle spindle, sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle, which primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle

Pulmonary stretch receptors, mechanoreceptors found in the lungs

Chordotonal organ, in insects

Afferent nerve fiber
Afferent nerve fibers are axons (nerve fibers) of sensory neurons that carry sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. Many afferent projections arrive at a particular brain region.

In the peripheral nervous system, afferent nerve fibers are part of the sensory nervous system and arise from outside of the central nervous system. Sensory and mixed nerves contain afferent fibers.
Chicken Town
Chicken Town is a 2025 British comedy film directed and co-written by Richard Bracewell. Starring Ramy Ben Fredj and Ethaniel Davy alongside Graham Fellows and Laurence Rickard. The soundtrack was composed by Bernard Hughes.

Richard Bracewell
Richard Bracewell (born 28 November 1969) is an English film director best known for directing 2015 British comedy feature film Bill, which he also developed with writers Laurence Rickard and Ben Willbond. Bill was Bracewell's third feature film following The Gigolos and Cuckoo.

All three films were produced by UK feature film production company Punk Cinema, which Bracewell set up in 2004 with co-producer and brother Tony Bracewell.
Tlâwmngaihna
Tlâwmngaihna is a moral code of the Mizo people, a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group primarily from the Indian state of Mizoram. It is a code of ethics that guides decisions and community participation in Mizo society.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.
The Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults Measure
The Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults (QoL-AGHDA) is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure which measures the effect growth hormone deficiency has on adult patients. The score of the QoL-AGHDA is used to determine the extent to which growth hormone deficiency has affected the patient’s quality of life, and what treatment can then be administered. A high score on the QoL-AGHDA indicates that the patient suffers from many symptoms and therefore has a lower quality of life.

The questionnaire consists of 25 “Yes” or “No” items and is self-administered, meaning that the patient can complete the survey on their own. The QoL-AGHDA addresses seven different areas of concern for growth hormone deficient (GHD) patients. They are: body image and fat distribution, energy level, concentration and memory, irritability and temper, strength and stamina, coping with stress, and physical and mental drive.

Attentional control
Attentional control, commonly referred to as concentration, refers to an individual's capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore. It is also known as endogenous attention or executive attention. In lay terms, attentional control can be described as an individual's ability to concentrate. Primarily mediated by the frontal areas of the brain including the anterior cingulate cortex, attentional control and attentional shifting are thought to be closely related to other executive functions such as working memory.
Clamato
Clamato /kləˈmɑːtəʊ/, /kləˈmeɪtəʊ/, /kləˈmætoʊ/ is a commercial drink made of reconstituted tomato juice concentrate and sugar, which is flavored with spices, dried clam broth and MSG. It is made by Mott's. The name is a portmanteau of clam and tomato. It is consumed in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, to a lesser extent. It is very often mixed with alcohol to make a Caesar, a drink similar to a Bloody Mary.

Concentrate
A concentrate is a form of substance that has had the majority of its diluting agent or diluent (in the case of a liquid: the solvent) removed, such that the substance becomes the majority of the composition. Typically, this will be the removal of water from a solution or suspension, such as the removal of water from fruit juice.
Seriziana
Seriziana (Greek: Σεριζιανά) is a small mountain village in the north-western Greece (500 meters above the sea level). It is part of the Lakka Souliou municipal unit in the municipality of Dodoni, Ioannina regional unit.

At its foot, the river Acheron passes by. In the ancient times, it is exactly the place that ancient Greeks believed that the doors to Hades were located. Some people tried to pass that location via canoe-kayak in the recent times and some found death, as at this specific place the river becomes very dangerous.

Acheron
The Acheron (/ˈækərən/ or /ˈækərɒn/; Ancient Greek: Ἀχέρων Acheron or Ἀχερούσιος Acherousios; Greek: Αχέροντας Acherontas) is a river in the Epirus region of northwest Greece.

In Greek mythology, Acheron is often depicted as the entrance to the Greek Underworld where souls must be ferried across by Charon (although some later sources, such as Roman poets, assign this role to the river Styx).
Jennifer Porter
Jennifer Porter is the current tribal chair of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho. She was born on the Navajo Nation in Fort Defiance and is half Navajo and half Kootenai. She replaced her uncle on the Kootenai Tribal Council when she was 23. Porter has promoted educational and cultural programs, including a computer program to teach students words from the Kutenai language.  She has three children, two of whom attend the Boundary County School District public school.

Porter has been active in efforts to save the Kootenai River white sturgeon.

In 2009, she signed an agreement with U.S. Customs and Border Protection "to develop an enhanced tribal card for the purpose of crossing the border with the U.S. and Canada". In January 2012, the Kootenai Enhanced Tribal Card (ETC) was designated "as a travel document acceptable for entering into the United States through a land or sea port of entry".

White sturgeon
White sturgeon (Sinosturio transmontanus) is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae of the order Acipenseriformes. They are an anadromous (migratory) fish species ranging in the Eastern Pacific; from the Gulf of Alaska to Monterey, California. However, some are landlocked in British Columbia, the Fraser River and Columbia River, Montana, Snake River, and Clearwater River in Idaho, and Lake Shasta in California, with reported sightings in northern Baja California, Mexico.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-benzylamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-benzylamphetamine (DOBz or DOBN) is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor modulator of the amphetamine and DOx families. It is the DOx derivative with a benzyl ring at the 4 position.

The drug's affinities (Ki) for the human serotonin 5-HT2 receptors have been found to be 0.40 nM for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 24.5 to 35.0 nM for the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, and 1.0 nM for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. Its affinities for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors are very similar to those of DOB. The drug has been assessed and found to act as a silent antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor (EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy = 0%). In rodent drug discrimination tests, DOBz neither antagonized nor generalized to the stimulus of DOM. Higher doses produced behavioral disruption however.

DOBz was first described in the scientific literature by Richard Glennon and colleagues in 1989. It is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

5-HT2 receptor
The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT2 subfamily consists of three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are coupled to Gq/G11 and mediate excitatory neurotransmission, including 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. For more information, please see the respective main articles of the individual subtypes:

5-HT2A receptor

5-HT2B receptor

5-HT2C receptor
The Incorrigible
The Incorrigible (Spanish: La incorregible) is a 1931 film directed by Leo Mittler and starring Enriqueta Serrano, Tony D'Algy and Gabriel Algara. Made at the Joinville Studios in Paris, it is the Spanish-language version of the 1930 American film Manslaughter. Such multi-language versions were common in the early years of film. Paramount Pictures also made French, German and Swedish versions of the film.

Joinville Studios
The Joinville Studios were a film studio in Paris which operated between 1910 and 1987. They were one of the leading French studios, with major companies such as Pathé and Gaumont making films there.

A second studio was added to the original in 1923. This was located less than a kilometre away, and together the two served as a major filmmaking hub. After the Second World War the studio was merged into the Franstudio network in 1947 along with other major Paris studios including the Saint-Maurice Studios and Francoeur Studios.

In the early 1930s, the American company Paramount Pictures took over the studios and made French-language versions of their hit films. In total, films were made in fourteen different languages as Joinville became a hub of such multi-language versions. While many were remakes of English-language hits, some were original stories. This practice declined as dubbing became more commonplace.
Aeromonas molluscorum
Aeromonas molluscorum is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum of the genus Aeromonas which was isolated from bivalve molluscs (wedge shells - Donax trunculus).

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
Ecology of the Oak Ridges Moraine
The Oak Ridges Moraine lies in Southern Ontario, Canada. It contains the headwaters of sixty-five rivers and streams.  It has a wide diversity of woodlands, wetlands, watercourses, kettle lakes, kettle bogs, and significant flora and fauna. It is one of the few remaining continuous green corridors in southern Ontario: it remains thirty percent forested and is one of the last refuges for forest birds in all of southern Ontario.

The moraine provides habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species, over seventy of which are threatened or endangered in Canada, including the West Virginia white butterfly, Jefferson salamander, red-shouldered hawk, and American ginseng. The moraine's rare wetlands support plants and insects more typical of northern Ontario.  The remnants of tallgrass prairie and oak-pine savanna in the eastern portion are globally threatened ecosystems.

Red-shouldered hawk
The red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) is a medium-sized buteo. Its breeding range spans eastern North America and along the coast of California and northern to northeastern-central Mexico. It is a permanent resident throughout most of its range, though northern birds do migrate, mostly to central Mexico. The main conservation threat to the widespread species is deforestation.