hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United Kingdom general election records
United Kingdom general elections occur at least every five years. About 650 constituencies return a member of Parliament. Prior to 1945, electoral competition in the United Kingdom exhibited features which make meaningful comparisons with modern results difficult. Hence, unless otherwise stated, records are based on results since the 1945 general election, and earlier exceptional results are listed separately.

Caerfyrddin (constituency)
Caerfyrddin (Welsh: [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn]), also known as Carmarthen (English: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən), is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament, first contested at the 2024 general election, following the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies. It is currently represented by Ann Davies of Plaid Cymru.

In the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, the name is given as Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen). Of the twenty-five Welsh constituencies with names in both English and Welsh, Caerfyrddin is the only one where the Welsh name comes first followed by the English name in brackets (in each of the other cases, the opposite is true). Caerfyrddin is the form used by the UK Parliament.

A similar constituency existed between 1918 and 1997 under the name Carmarthen.
Battle of Honey Hill
The Battle of Honey Hill was the third battle of Savannah campaign, fought November 30, 1864, during the American Civil War. It did not involve Major General William T. Sherman's main force, marching from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, but was a failed Union Army expedition under Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch that attempted to cut off the Charleston and Savannah Railroad in support of Sherman's projected arrival in Savannah.

Charleston and Savannah Railway
The Charleston and Savannah Railway was a 19th-century American railroad serving the coastal states of South Carolina and Georgia and running through part of the South Carolina Lowcountry. Its name varied slightly over time:

Charleston and Savannah Railroad (1854–1866)

Savannah and Charleston Railroad (1866–1880)

Charleston and Savannah Railway (1880–1901)
2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating)
2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating) (EC 1.8.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (Coenzyme M), acetoacetic acid, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are 2-acetylthioethanesulfonic acid (2-oxopropyl-Coenzyme M), carbon dioxide, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on a sulfur group of donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate, acetoacetate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). Other names in common use include NADPH:2-(2-ketopropylthio)ethanesulfonate, oxidoreductase/carboxylase, and NADPH:2-ketopropyl-coenzyme M oxidoreductase/carboxylase.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Double Fourier sphere method
In mathematics, the double Fourier sphere (DFS) method is a technique that transforms a function defined on the surface of the sphere to a function defined on a rectangular domain while preserving periodicity in both the longitude and latitude directions.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Hirnyk, Lviv Oblast
Hirnyk (Ukrainian: Гірник, Russian: Горняк) is a rural settlement in Sheptytskyi Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It belongs to Sheptytskyi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,820 (2022 estimate).

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Paston Coke
Paston Coke (born 23 August 1971) is a Jamaican sprinter. He was born in St. James, one of the western parishes of Jamaica. Paston competes in 100M, 200m and 400M dash. He won the silver medal in the 400 metres at 1999 World Student Games in personal record of 45.15 seconds. He was a member of Jamaica 4 x 400 metres relay team that won bronze medal in at the 1999 IAAF World Championships and gold medal at the 1999 Pan American Games. Paston competed at the NCAA II for New York Institute of Technology where he won two individual 400m titles and three relay titles. Paston has taken his running abilities and turned it into becoming a Professional Electrical Engineer (PE).

1999 World Championships in Athletics
The 7th World Championships in Athletics (Spanish: Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 1999), a World Athletic Championships event held under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, between the August 20 and August 29.

One of the main highlights of the games was the world record set in the 400 metres by Michael Johnson of the United States in a time of 43.18 seconds.
John M. Keller
John M. Keller (born March 5, 1938) is an American educational psychologist. He is best known for his work on motivation in educational settings and in particular the ARCS model of instructional design. The four elements of the acronym stand for Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction (ARCS).

Educational psychologist
An educational psychologist is a psychologist whose differentiating functions may include diagnostic and psycho-educational assessment, psychological counseling in educational communities (students, teachers, parents, and academic authorities), community-type psycho-educational intervention, and mediation, coordination, and referral to other professionals, at all levels of the educational system. Many countries use this term to signify those who provide services to students, their teachers, and families, while other countries use this term to signify academic expertise in teaching Educational Psychology.
Lehtinenia
Lehtinenia is a genus of Asian araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by Y. F. Tong & S. Q. Li in 2008. As of September 2019 it contains three species, found in Asia: L. arcus, L. bicornis, and L. bisulcus. It is named in honor of Pekka T. Lehtinen.

Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to those of Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), which point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 92%) of living spiders.
Eloise Lownsbery
Eloise Lownsbery (April 16, 1888 – November 1, 1967) was the recipient of a Newbery Honor in 1932, for her book Out of the Flame. Lownsbey was raised in Paw Paw, Illinois by her parents, Alexander W. and Martha Fisher Lownsbery. She obtained her B.A. degree in 1911 at Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and  continued on to publish her first book The Boy Knight of Reims.

Wellesley, Massachusetts
Wellesley (/ˈwɛlzli/) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Wellesley is part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The population was 29,550 at the time of the 2020 census. Wellesley College, Babson College, and a campus of Massachusetts Bay Community College are located in the town.
Earl Duvall (American football)
Earl Scranton Duvall (June 20, 1899 – August 6, 1966) was an American football player. He played college football for Ohio University as a fullback.  While in college, he joined Sigma Pi fraternity.  As a professional, he played at the guard, tackle, and end positions in the National Football League (NFL) for the Columbus Tigers from 1924 to 1926. He appeared in 21 NFL games, 14 as a starter.

After football, Duvall would become vice president of the State Automobile Insurance Company and was a member of the Ohio University Alumni Association and the Jacques Club.

Ohio Bobcats
The Ohio Bobcats are the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Ohio University, located in Athens, Ohio, United States. Ohio University is a charter member (1946) of the Mid-American Conference (MAC), is currently in the East Division of that conference, and sponsors teams in six men's and ten women's NCAA sanctioned sports. The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), the highest level for college football.

The Bobcats' main rivals are the Miami RedHawks of Miami University, whose rivalry is known as the Battle of the Bricks. The two universities are the oldest in the state. Ohio also has a rivalry with the Marshall Thundering Herd of Marshall University, located about 80 miles (130 km) from each other, who compete in the Battle for the Bell.
Chennai Smart City
Chennai Smart City Limited (CSCL) is a project part of the Smart Cities Mission in 2015 made to provide smart solutions in making quality of life in Chennai better. The organization focuses on implementing Smart Energy, Smart Water, Smart Environment, Smart Mobility and Smart Technology. The project's CEO is Raj Cherubal who holds a degree in Physics and Nuclear Engineering.

The project has received ₹3,444 crores ($440 Million) in investment for various infrastructure projects.

Smart Cities Mission
Smart Cities Mission was an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to develop smart cities across the country, making them citizen-friendly and sustainable. The Union Ministry of Urban Development was responsible for implementing the mission in collaboration with the state governments of the respective cities. In 2017, the ministry was merged with the ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation to form the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

The mission was planned to include 100 cities, with an initial project completion deadline of 2019, later revised to 2023. As of January 2025, 7,479 out of a total of 8,058 tendered projects had been completed, utilizing ₹1,500.05 billion (US$18 billion) of the total allocated amount of ₹1,643.68 billion (US$19 billion). The project was officially shut down on 31 March 2025.
Cucchi
Cucchi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cristiana Cucchi, Italian vocalist

Éber Luís Cucchi, Brazilian footballer

Enrico Cucchi, (1965–1996), Italian footballer

Enzo Cucchi, Italian painter

Francesco Cucchi (1834–1913), Italian patriot soldier

Ilaria Cucchi ((born 1974), Italian activist and politician, sister of Stefano

Maurizio Cucchi (born 1945), Italian poet and writer

Stefano Cucchi, Italian man, brother of Ilaria, whose death is the subject of On My Skin (2018 film)

Francesco Cucchi
Francesco Cucchi (17 December 1834 – 1 October 1913) was an Italian patriot soldier who joined Giuseppe Garibaldi in his Expedition of the Thousand, and later in other wars for the unification of Italy. In 1892, he was named a Senator of the kingdom.

Francesco was born in Bergamo to a wealthy family, and in joined as a volunteer in Garibaldi's Cacciatori delle Alpi, and fought in Sicily but was wounded as the army entered Palermo. Afterwards he was allied with Savoy monarchy in various missions, but in 1867 joined the forces of Garibaldi again in Rome, but fled after the massacre of the lanificio Aiani (or Casa Tavani Arquati).
Josh Jung
Joshua Ryne Jung (yung; born February 12, 1998) is an American professional baseball third baseman for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for the Texas Tech Red Raiders, and was drafted by the Rangers in the first round of the 2019 MLB draft.

Collegiate Baseball Newspaper
Collegiate Baseball Newspaper (also known as Collegiate Baseball Magazine and Collegiate Baseball) was an American publication based in Arizona that considered itself the "voice of amateur baseball" and was published for over 40 years. The publication gave out several awards: Collegiate Baseball Player of the Year, Collegiate Baseball Coach of the Year, and Collegiate Baseball All-Americans.

It was published twice a month from January until June, and then once each in September and October.

The "Collegiate Baseball" newspaper poll was college sports' oldest baseball poll. A ranking of the top 30 teams was released prior to the season, weekly throughout the season, and after the conclusion of the College World Series. It started with the 1957 college baseball season. The publication has ceased operation as of November 2023.
1989 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships – Doubles
Jorge Lozano and Todd Witsken were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Lozano opted to rest in order to compete in the Davis Cup the following week, while Witsken chose to compete at Gstaad during the same week, winning that title.

Andrés Gómez and Alberto Mancini won the title by defeating Todd Nelson and Phil Williamson 7–6, 6–2 in the final.

Alberto Mancini
Alberto César Mancini (born 20 May  1969) is a former professional tennis player from Argentina. He won three top-level singles titles and four tour doubles titles. His career-high rankings were World No. 8 in singles and No. 79 in doubles (both in 1989).
Naomi Frederick
Naomi Frederick  is an English actress and graduate of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. She is notable for stage work and has also appeared on radio, appearing in 2012 adaptations of Twelfth Night and Sparkling Cyanide. Her television work includes "Eagle Day", a 2002 episode of Foyle's War. In 2015, she appeared as Juana Inés de la Cruz in the Shakespeare's Globe production of Helen Edmundson's The Heresy of Love.

Foyle's War
Foyle's War is a British detective drama television series set during and shortly after the Second World War, created by Midsomer Murders screenwriter and author Anthony Horowitz and commissioned by ITV after the long-running series Inspector Morse ended in 2000. It began broadcasting on ITV in October 2002. ITV director of programmes Simon Shaps cancelled Foyle's War in 2007, but Peter Fincham (Shaps's replacement) revived the programme after good ratings for 2008's fifth series. The final episode was broadcast on 18 January 2015, after eight series.
Sierra de Bequeville
Sierra de Bequeville is a mountain range in Argentina. It is formed by two ridges, one mostly formed by Ordovician flysch and the other by rocks of uncertain age. The Eocene Geste Formation, a 500 metres (1,600 ft) thick welded tuff and correlative rocks dated to 16.7 ± 0.1 million years ago, and continental clast strata from 13.21 ± 0.6 million years ago form the rest of the range.

Cinder cones along the Bequeville fault which runs in the range have erupted lava flows of basaltic andesite composition which are similar to other Puna volcanic rocks. This fault originally was probably a thrust fault; later strike-slip faulting induced the onset of crustal extension which localizes the volcanic vents.

Flysch
Flysch (/flɪʃ/) is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones. It is deposited when a deep basin forms rapidly on the continental side of a mountain building episode. Examples are found near the North American Cordillera, the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Carpathians.
Othello (paintings)
Othello is a series of paintings executed in 1985 by Nabil Kanso. The subjects of the paintings are loosely based on Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello. The series comprises 60 paintings dealing with themes of love, race, jealousy, betrayal, and evil. They depict scenes embodying compositions of figural and metaphorical imagery that may be seen as visually reflecting the intimate and dramatic relationship between Othello and Desdemona, and the tense and uneasy relation that passes between and through Othello, Desdemona and Iago.

Desdemona
Desdemona (/ˌdɛzdəˈmoʊnə/) is a character in William Shakespeare's play Othello (c. 1601–1604). Shakespeare's Desdemona is a Venetian beauty who enrages and disappoints her father, a Venetian senator, when she elopes with Othello, a Moorish Venetian military prodigy. When her husband is deployed to Cyprus in the service of the Republic of Venice, Desdemona accompanies him. There, her husband is manipulated by his ensign Iago into believing she is an adulteress, and, in the last act, she is murdered by her estranged spouse.
Sabra Newby
Sabra Smith Newby is an American politician. She was a member of the Nevada Assembly. She was appointed to fill the seat vacated by Rochelle Nguyen. In September 2023, she resigned from the Legislature to serve as a Las Vegas deputy city manager.  She was a vice president at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas prior to becoming a member of the Nevada Assembly.

Nevada State Assembly
39°09′42″N 119°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿39.161643°N 119.766139°W﻿ / 39.161643; -119.766139
The Nevada State Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Nevada, the upper house being the Nevada State Senate. The body consists of 42 members, elected to two-year terms from single-member districts. Each district contained approximately 64,299 people as of the 2010 United States census. Term limits, limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms (12 years), took effect in 2010.

The Nevada Assembly met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971, when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol.  The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Nevada Legislature. Since the 2012 session, Assembly districts have been formed by dividing the 21 Senate districts in half, so that each Assembly district is nested within a Senate district.
The Lovers (2023 TV series)
The Lovers is a British romantic comedy television series starring Johnny Flynn and Roisin Gallagher. It is written by David Ireland and directed by Justin Martin and premiered on 7 September 2023 on Sky Atlantic.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Evaristus Thatho Bitsoane
Evaristus Thatho Bitsoane (September 17, 1938 – July 17, 2010) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Qacha's Nek, Lesotho.

Ordained to the priesthood on December 19, 1964, for the Qacha's Nek Diocese, Bitsoane was appointed bishop of the diocese on July 17, 1981, and was ordained on October 11, 1981. He died in office.

Qacha's Nek
Qacha's Nek is a constituency and, since 1888, the camptown (capital) of Qacha's Nek District in Lesotho, only two kilometres from the South African border at 1,980 metres (6,500 ft) above sea level. It has a population of approximately 15,900 (2016). It is home to Machabeng Government Hospital, one of the two hospitals in the district (the other being the Lesotho Evangelical Church's Tebellong Hospital, which is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) away, across the Orange River which is known as Senqu in Lesotho).
Avicranium
Avicranium is a genus of extinct drepanosaur reptile known from the Chinle Formation of the late Triassic. The type species of Avicranium is Avicranium renestoi. "Avicranium" is Latin for "bird cranium", in reference to its unusual bird-like skull, while "renestoi" references Silvio Renesto, a paleontologist known for studies of Italian drepanosaurs.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
NUTS statistical regions of Denmark
The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) is a geocode standard for referencing the administrative division of Denmark for statistical purposes. The standard is developed and regulated by the European Union. The NUTS standard is instrumental in delivering the European Union's Structural Funds. The NUTS code for Denmark is DK and a hierarchy of three levels is established by Eurostat. Below these is a further levels of geographic organisation - the local administrative unit (LAU). In Denmark, the LAU 1 are municipalities and the LAU 2 are parishes.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.