hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hannah (1797 ship)
Hannah was built at Liverpool in 1797. She made three voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She then made one voyage as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. Next, she became a West Indiaman and was lost in 1811.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Johnnie Gray
Johnnie Lee Gray (born December 18, 1953) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Cal State Fullerton Titans. He was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame.

Cal State Fullerton Titans football
The Cal State Fullerton Titans football program represented California State University, Fullerton from the 1970 through 1992 seasons. The Titans originally competed as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association from 1970 to 1973 before moving to the Pacific Coast Athletic Association (now the Big West) in 1974 where they remained through the 1991 season. The Titans competed in their final year as an I-A Independent prior to the program being disbanded. Fullerton played its home games at multiple stadiums throughout their history with the most recent being Titan Stadium, in Fullerton, California.
Latvia at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Latvia participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, with 58 athletes in 9 sports, which tied the biggest Latvian delegation to the Olympics ever.

At the Games, Haralds Silovs became the first athlete in Olympic games to participate in both short track (1500m) and long track (5000m) speed skating, and the first to compete in two different disciplines on the same day.

Bobsledder Jānis Miņins, who was among the favourites in four-man bobsleigh, missed the Olympics, because of an appendix surgery he went through, when he had already arrived in Canada just days before the Olympic start. He participated also in several trainings for the four-man event, but after crashing twice, decided not to start.

Appendix (anatomy)
The appendix (pl.: appendices or appendixes; also vermiform appendix;  cecal (or caecal, cæcal) appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a finger-like, blind-ended tube connected to the cecum.

The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and the large intestines. The term "vermiform" comes from Latin and means "worm-shaped". In the early 2000s, the appendix was reassessed and is no longer considered a vestigial organ. The appendix may serve as a reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria.
Plaza Colón
Plaza Colón is the main plaza in the city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. This plaza and its fountain commemorate the explorer Christopher Columbus, whose name in Spanish was Cristóbal Colón.  The plaza presents the traditional urban relationship in Puerto Rico with the church, now Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria Cathedral on one end of the plaza and the "Alcaldia" or Mayagüez town hall in the other.  Its location was designated in 1760 close to the city founding.

The plaza is paved in marble is graced by a group of lampposts in bronze that date over more than one hundred years.  Each lamp is held by an oriental odalisque, including characteristic clothes, turbans, and veils. The plaza was designed after the Great Fire of 1841, approximately in 1842; years later, after being paved the plaza had a fountain in the center.  The plaza has been remodeled several times including when Benjamin Cole was mayor and under the current mayor José Guillermo Rodríguez.

José Guillermo Rodríguez
José Guillermo Rodríguez Rodríguez is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the Mayor of the city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico for 27 years until March 31, 2022 when he was suspended by the Special Independent Prosecutor Panel. He was born in Mayagüez on October 10, 1956. He is a member of the Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico.

Rodríguez suspension as mayor was effective April 1, 2022.
Lake Oconee Academy
Lake Oconee Academy (LOA) is a K–12 charter school in the Greene County School District in Greensboro, Georgia, United States. The school opened in 2007. LOA's school colors are white, gold, and blue. For the 2016–2017 school year, enrollment was 815 students in pre-kindergarten through 11th grade.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Lubomír Vosátko
Lubomír Vosátko (born January 26, 1977) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for HK Nitra. He played with HC Vítkovice in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season. He is currently playing for Polish team TH Unia Oświęcim.

HK Nitra
Hokejový Klub Nitra is a professional ice hockey club based in Nitra, Slovakia. The club has been a member of the Slovak Extraliga since the 2003–04 season and winner of Slovak Extraliga in the 2015–16 season and 2023–24 season.
Ostgut Ton
Ostgut Ton (also known as Ostgut Tonträger) is a German record label owned by the club Berghain in Berlin. Resident Advisor described it "a dominant force in dance music, beloved for its mix series and dozens of EPs, albums and compilations."

The label's first releases were by Berghain/Panorama Bar residents such as André Galluzzi, Cassy, and Ben Klock.

Amongst the producers that have released for the label are André Galluzzi, Ben Klock, Cassy, Edit-Select, Efdemin, Len Faki, Luke Slater, Marcel Dettmann, Marcel Fengler, Murat Tepeli, My My, Nick Höppner, Paul Brtschitsch, Prosumer, Samuli Kemppi, Shed, Tama Sumo, Tobias Freund, Tim Paris, and Vatican Shadow.

Ostgut Ton closed in December 2021, reopened in May 2025.

Marcel Dettmann
Marcel Dettmann (born 26 October 1977) is a German DJ, producer, and record label owner. Dettmann is a resident DJ at the Berghain nightclub in Berlin. He used to work at Berlin's record store Hard Wax between 2002 and 2012.

In addition to being a producer Dettmann also tours DJing at clubs and electronic music festivals throughout Europe. He owns the label MDR (Marcel Dettmann Records).
The Cavern Clan
The Cavern Clan (Piteco) is a Brazilian comic strip created in 1961 by Mauricio de Sousa.  It is part of the Monica's Gang series.

It centers around a prehistoric tribe in the Stone Age and depicts them living in the presence of dinosaurs. Most of the stories feature Pitheco hunting dinosaurs, running away from Tooga, or even  his friends and he fighting against other village's people. The characters were anachronistically aware; for example, if a character needed to walk a long distance, he or she would say, “Too bad they didn’t invent the car yet, ’cause otherwise I could go faster”. Mauricio de Sousa was inspired by the American comic strips Tarzan (by Burne Hogarth) and Alley Oop strips and named Pitheco's village Lem (which in Alley Oop refer to Lemuria).

Burne Hogarth
Burne Hogarth  (born Spinoza Bernard Ginsburg, December 25, 1911 – January 28, 1996) was an American artist and educator, best known for his work on the Tarzan newspaper comic strip and his series of anatomy books for artists.
Juan García del Río
Juan García del Río (Cartagena de Indias, 1794 – Mexico City, 1856) was a Colombian diplomat, writer and politician.

He was Minister of Finance of Ecuador from 1832 to 1834. He was Minister of Finance of Peru in 1836, 1836-1837, and 1837-1838, also serving as its first ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1822.

Besides his political work he also translated a play Pizarro, written by the Irishman Richard Brinsley Sheridan which was eventually published in Valparaíso, Chile in 1844.

Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, MEF) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for the planning and execution of  economic policies of the Peruvian government with the goal of optimizing the economic and financial activities of the state, establish macroeconomic activity, and achieve the sustainable growth of the nation's economy.

The current Minister of Economy and Finance is Raúl Pérez-Reyes, serving since 13 May 2025.
The Battle of Ranskoor Av Kolos
"The Battle of Ranskoor Av Kolos" is the tenth and final episode of the eleventh series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. It was written by Chris Chibnall and directed by Jamie Childs, and was first broadcast on BBC One on 9 December 2018.

Set on the planet Ranskoor Av Kolos, the episode involves the alien time traveller the Thirteenth Doctor (Jodie Whittaker) and her companions Graham O'Brien (Bradley Walsh), Ryan Sinclair (Tosin Cole), and Yasmin Khan (Mandip Gill) working to stop the alien Stenza Tzim-Sha (Samuel Oatley) from using the powers of the psychic race the Ux to shrink the Earth in revenge for his previous defeat and exile thousands of years earlier.

The episode was watched by 6.65 million viewers, and received mixed reviews from critics.

Jodie Whittaker
Jodie Auckland Whittaker (born 17 June 1982) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles on television as Beth Latimer in Broadchurch (2013–2017) and the Thirteenth Doctor in Doctor Who (2017–2022; 2025).

She came to prominence in her 2006 feature film debut Venus, for which she received British Independent Film Award and Satellite Award nominations. She was later praised for her roles in the science fiction film Attack the Block (2011) and the Black Mirror episode "The Entire History of You" (2011).

In 2017, Whittaker became the thirteenth and first lead actress to play the Doctor in Doctor Who and formally assumed the role from Peter Capaldi in "Twice Upon a Time". Whittaker starred in three series and five specials beginning with "The Woman Who Fell to Earth" in 2018 and concluding in 2022 with "The Power of the Doctor". She returned to the role in 2025 with a cameo appearance in the series 15 finale "The Reality War".
Hochdahl-Millrath station
Hochdahl-Millrath station is a through station in the district of Millrath of the town of Erkrath in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The station was opened in 1968 or 1969 on the section of the Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway from Erkrath to Wuppertal-Vohwinkel that was opened by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company on 10 April 1841. It has two platform tracks and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

The station is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S 8 between Mönchengladbach and Wuppertal-Oberbarmen or Hagen every 20 minutes and several S 68 services between Wuppertal-Vohwinkel and Langenfeld in the peak hour.

It is also served by two bus routes operated by Rheinbahn: O5 (every 20 minutes) and O6 (20-60).

Rheinbahn
Rheinbahn is a German public transport operator operating in Düsseldorf, Meerbusch and Kreis Mettmann. Its network consists of the Düsseldorf Stadtbahn, a network of 11 Stadtbahn (light rail) lines which are integrated in the Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn network, as well as Düsseldorf's tram system and 92 bus lines. The total rail network length was 155.2 kilometres (96.4 mi) in 2021. In 2004, Rheinbahn transported 690,000 passengers per day.
7 (S Club 7 album)
7 is the second studio album by British pop group S Club 7. It was released by Polydor Records on 12 June 2000, and 14 November 2000 in North America. The album was primarily produced by Cathy Dennis and Simon Ellis. It became the group's most successful album release, and reached number one in the United Kingdom, where it was certified triple platinum. The album peaked at number sixty-nine on the Billboard 200 albums chart and was certified gold.

The album was re-released on 4 December 2000 to include S Club's 2000 Children in Need single "Never Had a Dream Come True". The re-release also included a previously unreleased cover of Stevie Wonder's "Lately", replaced the original album version of "Natural" with the radio edit, as well as including CD-ROM videos of both "Reach" and "Natural". The colour scheme of the album was changed slightly also, with more purple and lilac tones instead of blue.

Lately (Stevie Wonder song)
"Lately" is a song by American singer, songwriter and musician Stevie Wonder, recorded for his nineteenth studio album, Hotter than July (1980). The song  was released in 1981 by Tamla, reaching number three on the UK Singles Chart and number 64 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was later covered by American R&B group Jodeci and released as a promotional single for the live album Uptown MTV Unplugged in June 1993, which reached number one on the Billboard R&B chart and the top-5 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Gordale Scar
Gordale Scar is a limestone ravine 1 mile (1.6 km) north-east of Malham, North Yorkshire, England. It contains two waterfalls and has overhanging limestone cliffs over 330 feet (100 m) high. The gorge could have been formed by water from melting glaciers or a cavern collapse. The stream flowing through the scar is Gordale Beck, which on leaving the gorge flows over Janet's Foss before joining Malham Beck 2 miles (3 km) downstream to form the River Aire. A right of way leads up the gorge, but requires climbing approximately 10 feet (3 m) of tufa at the lower waterfall.

Gordale Scar is situated within the protected area: Malham-Arncliffe SSSI.

Ravine
A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion. Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than valleys. Ravines may also be called a cleuch, dell, ghout (Nevis), gill or ghyll, glen, gorge, kloof (South Africa), and chine (Isle of Wight).

A ravine is generally a fluvial slope landform of relatively steep (cross-sectional) sides, on the order of twenty to seventy percent in gradient. Ravines may or may not have active streams flowing along the downslope channel which originally formed them; moreover, often they are characterized by intermittent streams, since their geographic scale may not be sufficiently large to support a perennial stream.
Pepperminta
Pepperminta is the first feature film written and directed by Swiss video artist Pipilotti Rist from 2009. Filmed in Vienna and St. Gallen, the experimental film is commonly read as a modern fairy tale. It depicts a group of friends who embark on a journey to save the world through color. It premiered on September 5, 2009, at the 66th Venice International Film Festival in the Horizons (Orizzonti) section.

Orizzonti
Orizzonti (lit. 'Horizons') is a section of the Venice Film Festival's official selection. Inspired by Cannes sidebar Un Certain Regard, it features a competition of upcoming filmmakers, usually first or second works, with focus on global independent cinema.

Among the now well established filmmakers who have been part of section are: Luca Guadagnino, Josh Safdie and Ben Safdie, Hong Sang-soo, Karim Aïnouz, Frederick Wiseman, Catherine Breillat, Mohsen Makhmalbaf, Quentin Dupieux, Lav Diaz, Wang Bing, Robin Campillo, Jia Zhangke, Gianfranco Rosi, Franco Maresco, Brady Corbet, Pietro Marcello, Kaouther Ben Hania, Saeed Roustayi, Rodrigo Sorogoyen, Oliver Hermanus, Andrea Pallaoro, Gia Coppola, Ti West, Haifaa al-Mansour and Paul Morrissey.

The section usually features awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Jury Prizes and acting prizes. Alongside the Best Short Film prize for the parallel Orizzonti Short Films Competition.
Sakaibe no Marise
Sakaibe no Marise (境部 摩理勢) (died 628) was a court aristocrat of the Asuka period of Japanese history, and member of the Soga clan. When Empress Suiko died in 628, Marise sought to place Prince Yamashiro, the son of Prince Shōtoku, on the Imperial throne. However, his nephew Soga no Emishi, a government minister, opposed him and ordered Marise killed, ensuring that his choice, Prince Tamura, would succeed Suiko.

Marise was a son of Soga no Iname, and brother to Soga no Umako.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).
Perforator vein
Perforator veins are so called because they perforate the deep fascia of muscles, to connect the superficial veins to the deep veins where they drain.

Perforator veins play an essential role in maintaining normal blood draining. They have valves which prevent blood flowing back (regurgitation) from deep to superficial veins in muscular systole or contraction.

Regurgitation (circulation)
Regurgitation is blood flow in the opposite direction from normal, as the backward flowing of blood into the heart or between heart chambers. It is the circulatory equivalent of backflow in engineered systems. It is sometimes called reflux.
Ægypt
Ægypt  is a fantasy tetralogy written by American author John Crowley. The series describes the life and work of Pierce Moffett, a history professor who prepares a manuscript for publication even as it prepares him for some as-yet unknown destiny, all set amidst strange and subtle Hermetic manipulations among the Faraway Hills at the border of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

Tetralogy
A tetralogy (from Greek τετρα- tetra-, "four" and -λογία -logia, "discourse") is a compound work that is made up of four distinct works. The name comes from the Attic theater, in which a tetralogy was a group of three tragedies followed by a satyr play, all by one author, to be played in one sitting at the Dionysia as part of a competition.
Donald Chisholm (racing driver)
Donald Chisholm (born April 14, 1976 in Antigonish, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian professional racing driver. Chisholm currently drives the No. 89 Keltic Ford/Nova Construction Ford Fusion for NOVA Racing in the Parts For Trucks Pro Stock Tour and part-time in NASCAR Pinty's Series driving the No. 89 NOVA Racing Ford Fusion.

Maritime Pro Stock Tour
The Maritime Pro Stock Tour (commonly known as the Fort Garry Industries Pro Stock Tour due to a sponsorship deal with Fort Garry Industries) is an annual stock car auto racing tour located in the Maritime provinces of Canada.
Christopher Pope (physicist)
Christopher Neville Pope is the Distinguished Professor of Physics and Astronomy and the Stephen Hawking Chair of Fundamental Physics at Texas A&M University.

In 1976, Pope graduated with B.S. from Clare College, Cambridge and was awarded the Tyson Medal. From St John's College, Cambridge he received in 1979 his M.A. and in 1980 his Ph.D. His doctoral thesis Instantons in quantum gravity was written under the supervision of Stephen Hawking.

Tyson Medal
The Tyson Medal is a prize awarded for the best performance in subjects relating to astronomy at the University of Cambridge, England. It is awarded annually for achievement in the examinations for Part III of the Mathematical Tripos when there is a candidate deserving of the prize. In his will, Henry Tyson made the following bequest:

That the sum of three hundred pounds be paid to the Cambridge University the interest annually to be for a gold medal for the best proficient in Mathematics and Astronomy in the same way as Dr Smith's and to bear the donor's name.

The value of the fund was £65,095 in 2008.
Pink Mammoth (EP)
Pink Mammoth is the third EP by American post-metal band Pelican, released in 2007 by Hydra Head Records.

The title track is a major key version of "Mammoth" from Pelican's debut EP, and the b-side "End of Seasons" is a remix/mashup from Prefuse 73 of "Aurora Borealis" and the untitled track from The Fire in Our Throats Will Beckon the Thaw.

Pelican (band)
Pelican is an American post-metal band from Chicago, Illinois. Established in 2001, the band is known for their heavy, atmospheric and almost entirely instrumental style. They have released six studio albums and six EPs.
National Indian Association
Should not be confused with the Indian National Association

The National Indian Association was formed in Bristol by Mary Carpenter. The London branch was formed the following year. After the death of Mary Carpenter, Elizabeth Adelaide Manning (E. A. Manning) became secretary and the organisation moved to London where its activities became synonymous with Manning.

Indian National Association
The Indian Association  was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. The objectives of the Association were for "promoting by every legitimate means the political, intellectual and material advancement of the people". The Association attracted educated Indians and civic leaders from all parts of the country and became an important forum for India's aspirations for independence. It later merged with the Indian National Congress.
Itako, Ibaraki
Itako (潮来市, Itako-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2024, the city had an estimated population of 26,063 in 10,849 households and a population density of 365 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 32.9%. The total area of the city is 71.40 square kilometres (27.57 sq mi). It is known for its annual iris festival (Itako Ayame Matsuri). Much of the city is within the borders of the Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park.

Suigō-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park
Suigō-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park (水郷筑波国定公園, Suigō-Tsukuba Kokutei Kōen) is a quasi-national park in the Kantō region of Honshū in Japan. It is rated a protected landscape (category V) according to the IUCN.
Legendre transform (integral transform)
In mathematics, Legendre transform is an integral transform named after the mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre, which uses Legendre polynomials  as kernels of the transform. Legendre transform is a special case of Jacobi transform.

The Legendre transform of a function  is

The inverse Legendre transform is given by

Adrien-Marie Legendre
Adrien-Marie Legendre (/ləˈʒɑːndər, -ˈʒɑːnd/; French: [adʁiɛ̃ maʁi ləʒɑ̃dʁ]; 18 September 1752 – 9 January 1833) was a French mathematician who made numerous contributions to mathematics. Well-known and important concepts such as the Legendre polynomials and Legendre transformation are named after him. He is also known for his contributions to the method of least squares, and was the first to officially publish on it, though Carl Friedrich Gauss had discovered it before him.