hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dramatic Songs
Dramatic Songs: Miho Nakayama on TV Theme (ドラマティック・ソングス, Doramatikku Songusu) is the fifth compilation album by Japanese entertainer Miho Nakayama. Released through King Records on January 20, 1993, the album compiles Nakayama's songs that were used as theme songs or image songs for TV dramas she starred in from 1985 to 1992. The popularity of the No. 1 single "Sekaijū no Dare Yori Kitto" (featuring Wands) helped boost the album's sales.

The album peaked at No. 2 on Oricon's albums chart. It sold over 435,000 copies and was certified Platinum by the RIAJ.

Wands (band)
Wands (ワンズ) (stylized as WANDS) is a Japanese rock band formed in 1991 and active until 2000 under the label B-Gram Records. In 2019, the band reunited with a new vocalist, Daishi Uehara, and two former members, Shibasaki and Kimura, under the D-Go recording label. In the span of 29 years, the band has had three lead vocalists and changed instrumental members five times.
Institute of Ecotechnics
The Institute of Ecotechnics is an educational, training and research charity with a special interest in ecotechnology, the environment, conservation, and heritage. With its U.K. headquarters in London, England and its U.S. affiliate in Santa Fe, NM, the institute was founded to "develop and practice the discipline of ecotechnics: the ecology of technics, and the technics of ecology."

Ecotechnology is a proposed applied science that deals with the relationship between humanity and the biosphere. It involves the use of technological means for ecosystem management. It seeks to fulfill human needs, based on a deep understanding of natural ecosystems, and minimizing disruption to those ecosystems.

The institute was founded and incorporated in New Mexico in 1973 by members of the counterculture community Synergia Ranch, and incorporated in the UK in 1985. It is a recognized charity in England, Wales, and the United States.

Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.

There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology.
Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains
The electro-pneumatic brake system on British mainline railway trains was introduced in 1950 and remains the primary braking system for multiple units in service today, although London Transport underground trains had been fitted with EP brakes since the 1920s.  The Southern Region of British Railways operated a self-contained fleet of electric multiple units for suburban and middle-distance passenger trains. From 1950, an expansion of the fleet was undertaken and the new build adopted a braking system that was novel in the UK, the electro-pneumatic brake in which compressed air brake operation was controlled electrically by the driver. This was a considerable and successful technical advance, enabling a quicker and more sensitive response to the driver's operation of brake controls.

SR Class 4-DD
The SR Class 4-DD was an experimental double-decker electric multiple unit built in 1949 and operated by the Southern Region of British Railways until 1971. Conceived by Oliver Bulleid for the Southern Railway's commuter line from London Charing Cross to Dartford, the two trains were the only double-decker trains to be used on the mainline railway network in Britain. Whilst commonly used in continental Europe and North America, the restrictive railway loading gauge in the United Kingdom prohibits normal double-decker trains with two fully separated decks.
Juan Kahnert
John Hermann Kahnert (born Juan Kahnert, 4 March 1928 – 3 September 2021) represented Argentina at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, he was entered in the shot put. His personal best in the shot put was 16.75 in 1956.

Kahnert later emigrated to the United States, settling in suburban Baltimore. He earned a PhD and worked as a college professor.

Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's shot put
The men's shot put event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Twenty-four athletes from 15 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The competition was held on 3 August. The final was won by American Wilbur Thompson. Thompson's compatriots, Jim Delaney and Jim Fuchs took 2nd and 3rd place. It was the ninth time that an American had won the event, and the fifth time that the Americans had swept the medals.
Timeline of ITV Digital Channels
This is a timeline of the British company ITV Digital Channels and its predecessors Granada Sky Broadcasting and Carlton Communications, and digital channels of other ITV-related companies. The timeline does not include events related to ITV network's flagship channel (ITV1 / STV / UTV).

Carlton Communications
Carlton Communications plc was a British media company. It was led by Michael P. Green and listed on the London Stock Exchange from 1983 until 2 February 2004, when it was bought by Granada plc in a corporate takeover to form ITV plc. Carlton shareholders gained approximately 32% of ITV plc.

As well as being the parent company of Carlton Television Limited it was also involved in several other media and broadcasting businesses and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
History of the United States Merchant Marine
The maritime history of the United States is a broad theme within the history of the United States. As an academic subject, it crosses the boundaries of standard disciplines, focusing on understanding the United States' relationship with the oceans, seas, and major waterways of the globe. The focus is on merchant shipping, and the financing and manning of the ships. A merchant marine owned at home is not essential to an extensive foreign commerce. In fact, it may be cheaper to hire other nations to handle the carrying trade than to participate in it directly. On the other hand, there are certain advantages, particularly during time of war, which may warrant an aggressive government encouragement to the maintenance of a merchant marine.

Joseph Curran
Joseph Curran (March 1, 1906 – August 14, 1981) was a merchant seaman and an American labor leader.  He was founding president of the National Maritime Union (or NMU, now part of the Seafarers International Union of North America) from 1937 to 1973, and a vice president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
Sophia Wadia
Sophia Wadia, née Sophia Camacho, was a Colombian-born naturalized Indian theosophist, littérateur, the founder of PEN All India Centre and the founder editor of its journal, The Indian PEN. She also cofounded The Indian Institute of World Culture,  Bangalore (now Bengaluru) and the Asian Book Trust, Bombay (now Mumbai). The Government of India honoured Wadia in 1960, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award, for her services to the nation.

World constitution
A world constitution is a proposed framework or document aimed at establishing a system of global governance. It seeks to provide a set of principles, structures, and laws to govern the relationships between states and address global issues. The concept of a world constitution reflects the aspiration for greater international cooperation, peace, and the resolution of global challenges.
Estate of Rockefeller v. Commissioner
Estate of Rockefeller v. Commissioner, 762 F.2d 264 (2d Cir. 1985), was a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that section 162(a) of the Internal Revenue Code only allows deductions against income for expenses that occur while carrying on a trade or business.

Federal Reporter
The Federal Reporter (ISSN 1048-3888) is a case law reporter in the United States that is published by West Publishing and a part of the National Reporter System. It begins with cases decided in 1880; pre-1880 cases were later retroactively compiled by West Publishing into a separate reporter, Federal Cases. The fourth and current Federal Reporter series publishes decisions of the United States courts of appeals and the United States Court of Federal Claims; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though the Federal Reporter is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the United States that legal professionals, including judges, uniformly cite to the Federal Reporter for included decisions.  Approximately 30 new volumes are published each year.
Wavelength switched optical network
Wavelength switched optical network (WSON) is a type of telecommunications network.

A WSON consists of two planes: the data and the control planes. The data plane comprises wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) fiber links connecting optical cross-connect (OXCs) through a comb of several tens of wavelength channels, with typical data rates of 10 or 40 Gbit/s. Optical end-to-end connections (i.e., lightpaths) are established in the optical domain and switched by OXCs at the wavelength granularity.

The dynamic provisioning and maintenance of lightpaths is managed by the control plane. The control plane is implemented on a separate network and typically employs one network controller for each node in the data plane, as shown in the figure. The Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) protocol suite, the de facto standard control plane for WSONs proposed by the IETF, is composed of three protocols.

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
O'Kearney
O'Kearney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel O'Kearney (died 1778), Irish Catholic bishop

Dara O'Kearney (born 1965), Irish ultra runner and poker player

Jacobus Ó Cethernaig (died 1351), anglicised as James O'Kearney, Irish bishop

Jacobus Ó Cethernaig
Jacobus Ó Cethernaig, aka James O'Kearney was Bishop of Annaghdown during 1323–1324 and Bishop of Connor during 1324–1351.

Ó Cethernaig wa appointed to Annaghdown on 16 December 1323 but was translated from Connor between 7 and 15 May 1324. He received possession of the temporalities on 22 December 1324. He died 1351. He was a native of either County Galway or County Mayo.
Graham Hart (civil servant)
Sir Graham Allan Hart KCB (born 13 March 1940) is a British retired civil servant.

Hart was born in Romford, the son of Frederick Hart and Winifred Schofield. He was educated at Brentwood School and Pembroke College, Oxford.

Hart made his career, first in the Department of Health and Social Security, and, after 1988, in the separate Department of Health, rising to be permanent secretary there from 1992 to 1997.

Upon retirement he served as chair of the King's Fund and of Citizens Advice, and sat on the advisory committee of the Centre for History in Public Health. He also undertook a PhD in early modern history.

He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1987 New Year Honours and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1996 Birthday Honours.

King's Fund
The King's Fund is a think tank, which is involved with work relating to the health and social care system in England. It produces research and analysis, offers leadership and organisational development support, and organises events.

The Chief Executive is currently Sarah Woolnough, who was previously the Chief Executive of Asthma + Lung UK. She took up the position in December 2023.
Merville A. Oulton
Merville Allen Oulton (July 22, 1888 – June 26, 1953) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as member of the Conservative Party representing Westmorland County from 1925 to 1930.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Smålandsfarvandet
Smålandsfarvandet (lit. "The small-land waterway") is a body of water in Denmark. It connects Storebælt in the west with Storstrømmen and Guldborgsund in the east and serves as a waterway for coastal traffic, yachts, and other small craft. It is bordered by Zealand in the north and Falster and Lolland in the south. The largest of the many islands in Smålandsfarvandet are Fejø, Femø, Askø, Lilleø, Skalø, Vejrø, and Rågø.

55°00′N 11°36′E﻿ / ﻿55°N 11.6°E﻿ / 55; 11.6

Fejø
Fejø is a Danish island north of Lolland. It covers an area of 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi) and has 611 permanent inhabitants (1 January 2005). Its population expands in Summer since many Danes have summerhouses and there is an influx of other tourists. Fejø has two villages:  Vesterby and Østerby, connected by a single main road. Fejø has two main harbors, Vesterbyhavn and Dybvighavn. The island has a cafe, restaurant, shop, retirement home, church, primary school, mill, and a resident doctor. It has a windmill which was restored and started grinding corn for the first time in decades in June 2013.
Splenius cervicis muscle
The splenius cervicis (/ˈspliːniəs sərˈvaɪsɪs/) (also known as the splenius colli, /- ˈkɒlaɪ/) is a muscle in the back of the neck. It arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae.

Its name is based on the Greek word σπληνίον, splenion (meaning a bandage) and the Latin word cervix (meaning a neck). The word collum also refers to the neck in Latin.

The function of the splenius cervicis muscle is extension of the cervical spine, rotation to the ipsilateral side and lateral flexion to the ipsilateral side.

Thoracic vertebrae
In vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. In humans, there are twelve thoracic vertebrae of intermediate size between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae; they increase in size going towards the lumbar vertebrae. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, as well as facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs. By convention, the human thoracic vertebrae are numbered T1–T12, with the first one (T1) located closest to the skull and the others going down the spine toward the lumbar region.
Calendar Girl (Julie London album)
Calendar Girl is a studio album by American singer Julie London, released by Liberty Records under catalog number SL-9002 in 1956. In keeping with the theme, twelve songs have a month in the title, while the final track is "Thirteenth Month". Two of the songs were composed especially for this album by London's future husband, Bobby Troup, who also produced the album.

Liberty Records
Liberty Records was a record label founded in the United States by chairman Simon Waronker in 1955 with Alvin Bennett as president and Theodore Keep as chief engineer. It was reactivated in 2001 in the United Kingdom and had two previous revivals.
Jack Hennessy (politician)
John F. Hennessy (July 5, 1951 – December 8, 2024) was an American Democratic Party politician who served as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 127th district, which encompasses part of Bridgeport. He served from 2005 to 2023.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
Gorilla Glass
Gorilla Glass is a brand of chemically strengthened glass developed and manufactured by Corning Inc. Currently in its ninth generation, it is designed to be thin, light, and damage-resistant. Its surface strength and crack-resistance are achieved through immersion in a hot potassium-salt ion-exchange bath.

The alkali-aluminosilicate sheet glass is primarily used as cover glass for portable electronic devices, including smartphones, smartwatches, portable media players, portable computer displays, and television screens. It is manufactured in Harrodsburg, Kentucky; Asan, South Korea; and Taiwan. As of October 2017, Gorilla Glass was used in approximately five billion devices worldwide. Despite its market dominance, Gorilla Glass faces competition from similar products, including AGC Inc.'s Dragontrail, Schott AG's Xensation, and synthetic sapphire.

Schott AG
Schott AG is a German multinational glass company specializing in the manufacture of glass and glass-ceramics. Headquartered in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, it is owned by the Carl Zeiss Foundation. The company's founder and namesake, Otto Schott, is credited with the invention of borosilicate glass.
QJZ-171
The QJZ-171, also known as the Type 171 heavy machine gun, is a Chinese heavy machine gun designed and manufactured by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army. It fires a type of specialized 12.7×108mm light-weight ammunition. Intended for mountainous terrain and high-altitude infantry operations, the QJZ-171 is one of the lightest heavy machine guns, with a weight comparable to general-purpose machine guns (GPMG) of other countries. The QJZ-171 entered PLA service, replacing the previous generation QJZ-89 heavy machine gun.

General-purpose machine gun
A general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) is an air-cooled, usually belt-fed machine gun that can be adapted flexibly to various tactical roles for light and medium machine guns. A GPMG typically features a quick-change barrel design calibered for various fully powered cartridges such as the 7.62×51mm NATO, 7.62×54mmR, 7.5×54mm French, 7.5×55mm Swiss and 7.92×57mm Mauser, and be configured for mounting to different stabilizing platforms from bipods and tripods to vehicles, aircraft, boats and fortifications, usually as an infantry support weapon or squad automatic weapon.
Marden Meadows
Marden Meadows is a 3.7-hectare (9.1-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Marden in Kent.  Part of the site is in the 5.6-hectare (14-acre) Marden Meadow nature reserve, which is owned and managed by Kent Wildlife Trust.

These unimproved neutral meadows are cut for hay each year and then grazed. There are also ponds and hedgerows which are probably of ancient origin, and trees include midland hawthorns and wild service-trees.

There is public access to the nature reserve, but the rest of the site is private land with no public access.

Crataegus laevigata
Crataegus laevigata, known as the Midland hawthorn, English hawthorn, woodland hawthorn, or mayflower, is a species of hawthorn native to western and central Europe, from Great Britain (where it is typically found in ancient woodland and old hedgerows) and Spain, east to Romania and Ukraine. The species name is sometimes spelt C. levigata, but the original orthography is  C. lævigata.
Noteosuchus
Noteosuchus is an extinct genus of basal rhynchosaur known from the earliest Triassic deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It was first named by David Meredith Seares Watson in 1912 and the type species is Eosuchus colletti. The generic name Eosuchus is preoccupied by the generic name of Eosuchus lerichei Dollo, 1907, a gavialoid crocodilian known from northern France. Thus, an alternative generic name, Noteosuchus, was proposed by Robert Broom in 1925. The generic name erected by Broom (1925) is a compound, meaning "Not Eosuchus", while "Eosuchus" is derived from the name of Eos, the goddess of the dawn in Greek mythology, and suchus, Latinized from the Greek souchos, an Egyptian crocodile god, thus meaning "dawn crocodile". The specific name, colletti, honors Mr. Collett for the discovery of the holotype and only known specimen.

1912 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1912.
Khasanay
Khasanay (Russian: Хасанай; Kumyk: Гьасанай, Hasanay) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khasanaysky Selsoviet, Babayurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,017 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Babayurtovsky District
Babayurtovsky District (Russian: Бабаю́ртовский райо́н; Kumyk: Бабав-юрт якъ, romanized: Babaw-yurt yaq; Nogai: Бабав-юрт якъ, romanized: Babaw-yurt yaq) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the northern central part of the republic. The area of the district is 3,262.3 square kilometers (1,259.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Babayurt. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,701, with the population of Babayurt accounting for 33.3% of that number.
Jokke Kangaskorpi
Jokke Kangaskorpi (2 March 1972 – 1 May 2009) was a Finnish professional footballer who played as a winger.

He played for the Finnish clubs MP Mikkeli, FC Haka, TPV and KTP making 244 Veikkausliiga appearances. With FC Haka he became Finnish league champion in 1995. He also played for Gefle IF, Lira Luleå BK, and IFK Gävle in Sweden, and was capped 11 times for Finland.

IFK Gävle
IFK Gävle was a sports club in Gävle, Sweden. It was founded on 12 March 1897 and the club used the old spelling of their home town's name, IFK Gefle, until 1943.

The club has been active in a great number of different sports, like bandy, figure skating, gymnastics, handball, ice hockey, football, tennis and athletics. From  2001, only the women's football team section remained until the club was dissolved in November 2013.

The club was runner-up to the Swedish bandy championship in 1907, where the final game, played at home ice, was lost against IFK Uppsala.