hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Barton Elam
Joseph Barton Elam, Sr. (June 12, 1821 – July 4, 1885), was a two-term Democratic U.S. representative for Louisiana's 4th congressional district, whose service corresponded with the administration of U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes.

Louisiana's 4th congressional district
Louisiana's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The district is located in the northwestern part of the state and is based in Shreveport-Bossier City. It also includes the cities of Minden, DeRidder, and Ruston, and part of Monroe. The district is represented by Republican Mike Johnson, who has served as the Speaker of the House since October 2023.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+26, it is the most Republican district in Louisiana.
Jolimont (mountain)
The Jolimont  is a hill that stretches Southwest to Northeast for about 4 km along the Thielle canal, between the Lake of Neuchâtel and the Lake of Bienne, in the Seeland, Switzerland.

The Jolimont elevation starts in Gampelen till Erlach (fr. Cerlier), where its promontory into the Lake of Bienne builds both the Isthmus and the St. Petersinsel peninsula. North, nestled between it and the Thielle canal lies Gals and, at its southern side, Tschugg.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Chicken longganisa
Chicken longganisa is a Filipino fresh sausage made with minced chicken meat, garlic, onion, soy sauce, muscovado sugar, salt, vinegar, and black pepper. Vegetable extenders can also be added like carrots, turnips, or jicamas. It is sold as a healthier alternative to other kinds of longganisa. It is usually prepared without the casing ("skinless"), and is molded into shape with the use of wax paper.

Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Iran and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The carrot is a biennial plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae. World production of carrots (combined with turnips) for 2022 was 42 million tonnes, led by China producing 44% of the total.

The characteristic orange colour is from beta-carotene, making carrots a rich source of  vitamin A. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the reason of British pilots' ability to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of radar.
Stuffed mallow
Stuffed mallow (Kurdish: Melûkîyê tije kirî or Dolma ya melûkîyê; Arabic: خبازة محشية; Hebrew: עלי חלמית ממולאים, romanized: Aley Ḥalmith Meemou'laim; Turkish: Ebegümeci sarması) is a generic name for dishes made of mallow leaves, stuffed with meat (lamb) and rice, or, more rarely, rice only. Other names are mallow sarma or mallow dolma. It is mostly popular in Kurdistan (Kurdish populated regions) Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Palestine and the Balkans, where it may be served with yogurt.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Palmisano
Palmisano is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Palmisano (born 1988), Italian male rower

August Palmisano (1928–1978), American mobster and tavern owner

Antonella Palmisano (born 1991), Italian racewalker

Conrad Palmisano (1948–2024), American stuntman and film director

Giuseppe Palmisano (born 1963), Italian lawyer

Joe Palmisano (born 1954), American football player and coach

Joe Palmisano (baseball) (1902–1971), American baseball player

Linea Palmisano (born 1976), American politician

Marcello Palmisano (1940–1995), Italian journalist and reporter

Mario Palmisano (born 1978), Italian rower

Samuel J. Palmisano (born 1951), American business executive, IBM

Sean Ryan Palmisano, American Navy SEAL and podcaster

Vincent L. Palmisano (1882–1953), American politician from Maryland

Joe Palmisano (baseball)
Joseph Palmisano (November 19, 1902 – November 5, 1971) was an American professional baseball player.  He was a catcher for one season (1931) with the Philadelphia Athletics, compiling a .227 batting average in 44 at-bats, with four runs batted in.

An alumnus of the Georgia Institute of Technology, he was born in West Point, Georgia and died in Albuquerque, New Mexico at the age of 68.
2011 Latin Billboard Music Awards
The 2011 Billboard Latin Music Awards were held on Thursday April 28, 2011 at the BankUnited Center at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. It is produced and broadcast lived on Telemundo network. The nominees were announced on Thursday February 10, 2011.

Coral Gables, Florida
Coral Gables is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida and is located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Downtown Miami. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 49,248.

The city is a Mediterranean-themed planned community known for its historic and affluent character reinforced by its strict zoning, popular landmarks, and tourist sights.

The University of Miami is located in Coral Gables. With 16,479 faculty and staff as of 2021, the university is the largest employer in Coral Gables and second-largest employer in all of Miami-Dade County.
Aerotec A-122 Uirapuru
The Aerotec A-122 Uirapuru was a Brazilian military trainer aircraft. It was a low-wing monoplane with tricycle undercarriage that accommodated the pilot and instructor side-by-side. It first flew on 2 June 1965.

Brazilian Air Force
The Brazilian Air Force (Portuguese: Força Aérea Brasileira, FAB) is the aerial branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, and one of the three national uniformed services.  The FAB was formed when the Brazilian Army and Navy air branches were merged into a single military force, which was initially called the "National Air Forces" when it was created in 1941. Both air branches transferred all their aeronautical equipment, relevant installations, and relevant personnel to the newly created force.

According to Flight International (Flightglobal.com) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Brazilian Air Force has an active strength of 80,937 military personnel and operates around 578 aircraft. The Brazilian Air Force is the largest air force in the Southern Hemisphere.
Robert Ashe (civil servant)
Robert William d'Escourt Ashe (23 November 1872 – 17 June 1911) was the acting Collector and District magistrate of Tirunelveli district in Madras Presidency during the British colonialism. On 17 June 1911 Ashe was assassinated by Vanchinathan at the Maniyachi railway junction, between Tirunelveli and Tuticorin. After the shooting, Vanchinathan ran along the platform and took cover in station masters room. Some time later he was found dead, having shot himself in the mouth. Vanchi was accompanied by a youth named Sankara Krishna Aiyar who ran away, but was afterwards caught and convicted. Ashe was the first and only colonial official to be assassinated in South India during the Indian independence movement. The British government built a memorial for him at Tuticorin in 1913. That memorial is currently in dilapidated condition.

Vanchinathan
Vanchinathan (1886 – 17 June 1911), popularly known as Vanchi, was an Indian independence activist. He assassinated Robert Ashe, then district collector of Tirunelveli district, on 17 June 1911 at the Maniyachchi railway station. Ashe was considered to have encouraged discrimination against Indians, suppressed independence activism, and ordered the use of violence to quell the same. Vanchinathan committed suicide immediately afterwards while trying to evade arrest. The assassination of Ashe was a significant event in the Indian independence movement in South India and marked a trend in the rise of revolutionary movements against British rule.
Paeonian Springs Historic District
Paeonian Springs Historic District is a national historic district located at Paeonian Springs, Loudoun County, Virginia.  It encompasses 58 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing structure in the village of Paeonian Springs.  It is primarily residential, but also includes several former commercial
buildings, two former boardinghouses, a former school and private academy, the former water bottling plant, as well as the former public springhouse and spring site. The majority of the dwellings range in date from about 1880 to 1910. Notable buildings include Chanbourne, Buckhill III, Vanderventer Inn, Shiflett House, and the former Spinks Mercantile (c. 1905).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2020, the census returned a population of 420,959, making it Virginia's third-most populous county. The county seat is Leesburg. Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of 2023, Loudoun County had a median household income of $156,821, the highest of any county or county equivalent in the nation.
Kleene's algorithm
In theoretical computer science, in particular in formal language theory, Kleene's algorithm transforms a given nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) into a regular expression. 
Together with other conversion algorithms, it establishes the equivalence of several description formats for regular languages. Alternative presentations of the same method include the "elimination method" attributed to Brzozowski and McCluskey, the algorithm of McNaughton and Yamada, and the use of Arden's lemma.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Rover T-series engine
The Rover T16 engine was a 2.0 L; 121.7 cu in (1,994 cc) fuel injected DOHC inline-four petrol engine produced by Rover from 1992 to 1999. It has a bore and a stroke of 84.45 mm × 89 mm (3.325 in × 3.504 in). It is a development of the M series (M16), which was in turn a development of the O series, which dated back to the BMC B-series engine as found in the MG B and many others. Several variants were produced for various models, but all had the same displacement. The naturally aspirated type produced 136 bhp (101 kW; 138 PS), and turbocharged types were available with 180 and 197 bhp (134 and 147 kW; 182 and 200 PS).

Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger.
Transportation in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. has a number of different modes of transportation available for use. Commuters have a major influence on travel patterns, with only 28% of people employed in Washington, D.C. commuting from within the city, whereas 33.5% commute from the nearby Maryland suburbs, 22.7% from Northern Virginia, and the rest from Washington, D.C.'s outlying suburbs.

New Carrollton station
New Carrollton station is a joint Washington Metro, MARC, and Amtrak station just outside the city limits of New Carrollton, Prince George's County, Maryland. It is the eastern terminus of the Metro Orange Line and one branch of the Silver Line. It will also be the eastern terminus of the under-construction Purple Line when it opens in 2027. The station is adjacent to the Capital Beltway.

Beneath the Metro station platform, a waiting room serves Amtrak's Northeast Regional, Vermonter, and Palmetto trains, as well as MARC's Penn Line trains. The New Carrollton Rail Yard is nearby.

Greyhound, a nationwide intercity bus company, also stops at the station on routes serving Richmond, Washington, Philadelphia, New York City, Pittsburgh, and points beyond.
A Temple of the Holy Ghost
"A Temple of the Holy Ghost" is a short story by Flannery O'Connor. It was written in 1953 and published in 1955 in her short story collection A Good Man Is Hard to Find. Although O'Connor was a devout Roman Catholic who often used religious themes in her work, "A Temple of the Holy Ghost" is one of her few explicitly Catholic stories.

O'Connor frequently wrote about white Protestant characters with negative personality traits—including racism, arrogance, and condescension—and the Southern white Catholics in "A Temple of the Holy Ghost" display many of the same negative traits. Through the divine revelation that closes the story, O'Connor concludes that Southern Catholics' negativity does not reflect authentic Christian principles.

Revelation
Revelation, or divine revelation, is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities in the view of religion and theology.
1930 Memorial Cup
The 1930 Memorial Cup final was the 12th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions West Toronto Nationals of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Regina Pats of the South Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-three series, held at Shea's Amphitheatre in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Regina won their 2nd Memorial Cup, defeating West Toronto 2 games to none.

Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA; French: Association canadienne de hockey amateur) was the national governing body of amateur ice hockey in Canada from 1914 until 1994, when it merged with Hockey Canada. Its jurisdiction included senior ice hockey leagues and the Allan Cup, junior ice hockey leagues and the Memorial Cup, amateur minor ice hockey leagues in Canada, and choosing the representative of the Canada men's national ice hockey team.
Regorafenib
Regorafenib, sold under the brand name Stivarga among others, is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor developed by Bayer which targets angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Regorafenib shows anti-angiogenic activity due to its dual targeted VEGFR2-TIE2 tyrosine kinase inhibition. Since 2009 it was studied as a potential treatment option in multiple tumor types. By 2015 it had two US approvals for advanced cancers.

Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes identified in the human genome, 58 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins.
Receptor tyrosine kinases have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases lead to activation of a series of signalling cascades which have numerous effects on protein expression. The receptors are generally activated by dimerization and substrate presentation. Receptor tyrosine kinases are part of the larger family of protein tyrosine kinases, encompassing the receptor tyrosine kinase proteins which contain a transmembrane domain, as well as the non-receptor tyrosine kinases which do not possess transmembrane domains.
Luke Brattan
Nathan Luke Brattan (born 8 March 1990) is an Australian professional football player who plays as a defensive midfielder for Macarthur FC and the Australia national team.

Born in England, Brattan moved to Australia at a young age, playing youth football for Rochedale Rovers and Queensland Lions before making his professional debut for Brisbane Roar. He spent several seasons with the Roar before leaving the club in 2015. He subsequently signed for Manchester City, spending the majority of his subsequent time on loan at partner club Melbourne City.

Brattan appeared several times for the Australian under-20 side and has been called up to the squad of the Australian senior side.

Queensland Lions FC
Queensland Lions Football Club, known as Lions FC, is a soccer club based in Brisbane, Australia. Founded in 1957 as Hollandia Inala Soccer Club, the club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues Queensland.
Saint Joseph's Church, Envigado
The St Joseph's Church (in Spanish, Iglesia de San José) is a simple gothic revival Roman Catholic church located in Colombia. It is sited at Envigado, Antioquia; near Rosellón, an old textile factory and it is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Medellín.

Archdiocese of Medellín
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Medellín (Latin: Archidioecesis Medellensis; Spanish: Arquidiócesis de Medellín) is an archdiocese located in the city of Medellín in Colombia.

Archbishop Ricardo Antonio Tobón Restrepo is the current archbishop of Medellín.
41st NAACP Image Awards
The 41st NAACP Image Awards ceremony, presented by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), honored outstanding representations and achievements of people of color in motion pictures, television, music, and literature during the 2009 calendar year. The ceremony was hosted by Hill Harper and Anika Noni Rose at the Shrine Auditorium and aired on February 26, 2010 on Fox.

The nominations were announced on January 6, 2010 with the film Precious leading the motion picture categories with 8 nominations. American rapper Jay-Z led the nominees in the music category with five nods.

The nominees are listed below with the winners in bold.

Everybody Hates Chris
Everybody Hates Chris (stylized in all lowercase) is an American semi-autobiographical sitcom created by Chris Rock and Ali LeRoi that originally aired on UPN from 2005 to 2006, and then on The CW until 2009.  The series is based loosely on Rock's personal experiences as a teenager living in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York City from 1982 to 1987. However, Rock's real-life adolescence took place from 1978 to 1984, as he was born in 1965.

The series' title is a parody of the CBS sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond. It was originally developed to air on Fox before being passed over to the UPN. The series was shown on UPN for its first season until it was moved to the CW, where it aired its remaining three seasons. In 2009, Rock announced that the series' ending suited his own past and he felt it was time to end the story. It received acclaim from both critics and audience for its writing, directing, humor, tone, and performances of the cast.
Ontario Warriors
The Ontario Warriors were a team in American Indoor Football that played in 2012.  Based in Ontario, California, the Warriors played their home games at Citizens Business Bank Arena.

The Warriors were the first men's indoor football team to play out of the city of Ontario, and the second in the Inland Empire, following the San Bernardino Bucking Bulls of the National Indoor Football League which played in 2007 before the team and league folded. (The Warriors were also preceded by the Los Angeles Temptation, who relocated to the Inland Empire in fall 2011.)

National Indoor Football League
The National Indoor Football League (NIFL) was a professional indoor football league in the United States. For their first six years, the league had teams in markets not covered by either the Arena Football League or its developmental league, AF2; however, that changed briefly with their expansion into AFL markets such as Atlanta, Denver, and Los Angeles, and AF2 markets such as Fort Myers and Houston. Green Bay Packers head coach Matt LaFleur, Buffalo Bills running back Fred Jackson, New Orleans Saints quarterback John Fourcade,  Pittsburgh Steelers Super Bowl running back Bam Morris and New Orleans Saints hall of famer Tyrone Hughes all played in the NIFL.  The league folded in 2008.
Zverin Monastery
The Zverin Monastery is a monastery in Veliky Novgorod, located on the left bank of the Volkhov River, north of the Kremlin. This is one of the oldest Russian monasteries, founded before the 12th century.

The Zverin Monastery is on the World Heritage list as a part of object 604 Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings. The building was designated an architectural monument of federal significance (#5310024000).

Volkhov (river)
The Volkhov (/ˈvɔːlxɒv/ VAWL-khov; Russian: Волхов [ˈvoɫxəf]; Veps: Olhav) is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Kirishsky and Volkhovsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia. The Volkhov, which forms part of the basin of the Neva, is the only outflow of Lake Ilmen, and connects it with Lake Ladoga. The length of the Volkhov is 224 kilometres (139 mi), and the area of its drainage basin is 80,200 square kilometres (31,000 sq mi). The city of Veliky Novgorod, the towns of Kirishi, Volkhov and Novaya Ladoga, and the historically important village of Staraya Ladoga are located along the Volkhov.
Church of Christ the Cornerstone
Church of Christ the Cornerstone is an ecumenical church in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. It was completed in 1991 and has the Church of England, the Baptist Union, the Methodist Church, the Roman Catholic Church and the United Reformed Church working together to share the space. It is situated in Central Milton Keynes on Saxon Gate, between Midsummer and Silbury boulevards, with the Fred Roche Memorial Gardens behind it. It was the first ecumenical metro centre church in the United Kingdom.

United Reformed Church
The United Reformed Church (URC) is a Protestant Christian church in the United Kingdom. As of 2024 it had approximately 44,000 members in around 1,250 congregations with 334 stipendiary ministers.

The URC is a Trinitarian church whose theological roots are distinctly Reformed and whose historical and organisational roots are in the Presbyterian traditions and Congregational traditions. Its Basis of Union contains a statement concerning the nature, faith and order of the United Reformed Church which sets out its beliefs in a condensed form.