hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World
Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World (2004) is a history book written by Jack Weatherford, Dewitt Wallace Professor of Anthropology at Macalester College. It is a narrative of the rise and influence of Mongol leader Genghis Khan and his successors, and their influence on European civilization. Weatherford provides a different slant on Genghis Khan than has been typical in most Western accounts, attributing positive cultural effects to his rule.

In the last section, he reviews the historiography of Genghis Khan in the West and argues that the leader's early portrayal in writings as an "excellent, noble king" changed to that of a brutal pagan during the Age of Enlightenment. Weatherford made use of three major non-Western sources: The Secret History of the Mongols, the Ta' rīkh-i jahān-gushā of Juvayni and the Jami al-Tawarikh of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani.

Tarikh-i Jahangushay
Tārīkh-i Jahāngushāy (Persian: تاریخ جهانگشای "The History of the World Conqueror") or Tārīkh-i Jahāngushāy-i Juwaynī (تاریخ جهانگشای جوینی) is a detailed historical account written by the Ata-Malik Juvayni describing the Mongol, Hulegu Khan, and Ilkhanid conquest of Persia as well as the history of Isma'ilis. It is considered an invaluable work of Persian literature.

Written in Persian, it is one of the earliest known examples of Persian miniature and the "Metropolitan style" of the Mongol Ilkhanid court, together with the 1297-1299 manuscript Manafi' al-Hayawan (Ms M. 500) commissioned by Mongol ruler Ghazan. There are no earlier known Persian illustrated manuscripts from before the Mongol conquest (with the possible exception of Varka and Golshah, which however was created in Konya, at the time of the Sultanate of Rum sometime in the 13th century), although miniatures are known from Mina'i ceramics.
Al Sawadi, Oman
Al Sawadi (or simply Sawadi) is a residential area in the province of Barka in the Al Batinah South Governorate. According to the National Centre for Statistics and Information 2010 federal census, it has a population of 5,445. It is renowned for its coastal location on the Gulf of Oman, making it a popular location for tourism of the area. The relatively short distance of 70 kilometers from the capital Muscat means it receives many foreign tourists. What makes it stand out from other nearby towns are its many islands and its main tidal island.

Tidal island
A tidal island is a raised area of land within a waterbody, which is connected to the larger mainland by a natural isthmus or man-made causeway that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide, causing the land to switch between being a promontory/peninsula and an island depending on tidal conditions.

Because of the mystique surrounding tidal islands, many of them have been sites of religious worship, such as Mont-Saint-Michel with its Benedictine abbey.  Tidal islands are also commonly the sites of fortresses because of the natural barrier created by the tidal channel.
Barranqueras
Barranqueras is a city in the southeast of the province of Chaco, Argentina, on a small tributary river on the right-hand-side (western) shore of the Paraná River, only 7 km from the provincial capital Resistencia and within its metropolitan area. It has over 50,000 inhabitants according to the 2001 census [INDEC], being the third most populated city in the province.

Barranqueras is located in a commercial node of the Mercosur, and has a port on Kilometer 1,198 of the Paraná, managed by the provincial state since 1991.

Alicia Azula was elected Mayor of Barranqueras in 2003 and she was re-elected twice more.

Provinces of Argentina
Argentina has 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which serves as the federal capital, as determined by Congress.

The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions and exist under a federal system.
Octagonal Schoolhouse (Essex, New York)
The Octagonal Schoolhouse built in 1827 is an historic stone octagon-shaped school building located in the hamlet of Boquet in the western part of the town of Essex, New York. On January 17, 1973, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Octagon
In geometry, an octagon (from Ancient Greek  ὀκτάγωνον (oktágōnon) 'eight angles') is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.

A regular octagon has Schläfli symbol {8} and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t{4}, which alternates two types of edges. A truncated octagon, t{8} is a hexadecagon, {16}. A 3D analog of the octagon can be the rhombicuboctahedron with the triangular faces on it like the replaced edges, if one considers the octagon to be a truncated square.
Coriarachne
Coriarachne is a genus of crab spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1870. Over half of described species have been synonymized or moved to similar genera, including Bassaniana, Bassaniodes, and Pycnaxis.

They are found in boreal and temperate regions almost exclusively on tree bark, wooden fence posts and similar areas where they can take advantage of their natural camouflage. They are rather slow-moving and robust, with the crab-like appearance characteristic of the subfamily Thomisinae. Similar to others in its subfamily, they will wait to ambush their prey rather than actively pursuing it. Often these spiders will congregate under loose bark, leaf litter, or similar situations to spend the winter either in the adult or penultimate stage.

Tamerlan Thorell
Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell (3 May 1830 – 22 December 1901) was a Swedish arachnologist.

Thorell studied spiders with Giacomo Doria at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genoa. He corresponded with other arachnologists, such as Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, Eugène Simon and Thomas Workman.

He described more than 1,000 spider species during his time from the 1850s to 1900.

Thorell wrote: On European Spiders (1869) and Synonym of European Spiders (1870-73).
Aunque mal paguen
Aunque mal paguen (English title: Destiny) is a Venezuelan telenovela written by Alberto Barrera Tyszka and produced by Venevisión in 2007.

María Antonieta Castillo and Miguel de León star as the main protagonists while Ana Karina Manco, Desideria D'Caro and Josué Villae star as antagonists.

Venevisión
Venevisión (Spanish pronunciation: [beneβiˈsjon]) is a Venezuelan free-to-air television channel and one of Venezuela's largest television networks, owned by the Cisneros Media division of Grupo Cisneros. It was founded in 1961 by Diego Cisneros. It is one of the major telenovela producers in the world, along with Televisa, TV Azteca, Telemundo, TV Globo, Caracol Televisión, RCN Televisión, ABS-CBN, GMA Network and Channel 3.
Penguin in other media
The supervillain The Penguin, created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, made his first appearance in Detective Comics #58 (December 1941). Since then, he has been adapted into other forms of media, including feature films, television series, and video games.

Bob Kane
Robert Kane (né Kahn /kɑːn/; October 24, 1915 – November 3, 1998) was an American comic book writer, animator, and artist who co-created Batman (with Bill Finger) and many other early related characters for DC Comics. He was inducted into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1993 and into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1996.
Agustín González de Amezúa y Mayo
Agustín González de Amezúa y Mayo (30 August 1881 – 10 June 1956) was a Spanish academic, member of Real Academia Española, Real Academia de la Historia and Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación. He is best known as historian of literature who specialized in Siglo de Oro, especially in works of Cervantes and Lope de Vega. He held various important scientific posts during early Francoism, especially in Consejo Superior de Investigaciónes Científicas. Politically he supported the Traditionalist cause, first as an Integrist and then as a Carlist militant; in the early 1940s he was in national executive of Comunión Tradicionalista. In the mid-1920s he was member of the Madrid ayuntamiento.

Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation
The Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation (Spanish: Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación) is a Spanish learned society focused on research and knowledge about legal sciences and legislation. It is headquartered in Madrid, in a building declared Cultural Interest Good in 1998.
Patricia Szarvas
Patricia Falco Beccalli (born 21 January 1970 in Vienna, Austria) is a freelance moderator, executive media coach and writer. For over 14 years she was a financial journalist and anchor of CNBC TV based in London. Moving on to Germany, she reported daily from the Frankfurt stock exchange on business and financial markets for many international studios of the CNBC network. She also reported for the German television station N24. Prior to CNBC she worked for the Italian broadcaster RAI 3 in Rome.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
S.N. Sundarambal
S. N. Sundarambal (7 October 1913, in Tiruppur – 20 August 2007, in Tiruppur) was an Indian freedom fighter and social activist, best remembered for organising various demonstrations against the British Raj which led to her arrests, most notably after a Satyagraha protest, serving a three-month sentence at the Vellore prison in 1941. She was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and Vinobha Bhave, and participated in the Khadi movement during the Indian freedom struggle. After Indian independence, she advocated for farmers' rights, and founded the Angeripalayam orphanage in Tiruppur.

Vinoba Bhave
Vinayak Narahar Bhave, also known as Vinoba Bhave (pronunciationⓘ; 11 September 1895 – 15 November 1982), was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights. Often called Acharya (Teacher in Sanskrit), he is best known for the Bhoodan land reform movement. He is considered as National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi. He was an eminent philosopher. He translated the Bhagavad Gita into the Marathi language with the title Geetai (meaning 'Mother Gīta' in Marathi).
Clarence Maclin
Clarence "Divine Eye" Maclin (born November 29, 1966) is an American actor, youth counselor, creative arts specialist, and gang intervention specialist. He portrayed a fictionalized version of himself in the 2023 film Sing Sing. His performance earned him nominations for Best Supporting Actor at the BAFTA Awards, Critics' Choice Movie Awards, Gotham Awards, and Independent Spirit Awards. Additionally, Maclin was nominated for the 2025 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.

Gotham Awards
The Gotham Awards are American film awards presented annually at a ceremony in New York City.

The awards are a program of the Gotham Film & Media Institute (formerly the Independent Filmmaker Project or IFP), the United States' largest membership organization dedicated to independent film, founded in 1979. First presented in 1991, the awards were originally created to showcase and honor films made primarily in the Northeastern United States.
Marbeck
Marbeck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Marbeck (1510–1585), English theologian and musician

Roger Marbeck (1536–1605), English scholar, son of John

Sarah Marbeck (born c. 1975), Malaysian-born Australian model

John Merbecke
John Marbeck, Merbeck or Merbecke (c. 1510 – c. 1585) was an English choral composer and theological writer whose musical setting of the early Anglican liturgy standardised the sung Anglican service until the late 20th century. He is also known today for his setting of the Mass, Missa Per arma justitiae.
Vic Anderson
Vic Anderson (30 May 1886 – 10 May 1970) was an Australian rugby league player.

A strongly built forward, Anderson was part of a heavy Souths pack which contested the inaugural season of the Queensland Rugby League in 1909. He came to Souths from rugby union.

Anderson was Australia's hooker for the second of three home internationals against New Zealand in 1909 and in the same year also appeared against a touring New Zealand Maori team.

Queensland Rugby League
The Queensland Rugby Football League  (QRL) is the governing body for rugby league in Queensland. It is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission (ARL Commission) and selects the members of the Queensland rugby league team.

The QRL aims to "foster, develop, extend, govern and control Rugby League Football throughout the State of Queensland". Today the QRL administers the rugby league through its regional divisions. It is also responsible for the Queensland Rugby League team. The QRL's headquarters are on Vulture Street, Woolloongabba in Brisbane.
Marcus Forss
Marcus Uolevi Forss (born 18 June 1999) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays as a forward for EFL League One club Bolton Wanderers, on loan from EFL Championship club Middlesbrough. He plays for the Finland national team at international level.

Forss is a graduate of the West Bromwich Albion academy and after transferring to Brentford B in 2017, he was promoted into the first team squad in 2018. Following four seasons with Brentford, Forss transferred to Middlesbrough in 2022. Forss made his international debut for Finland in November 2020 and was a member of Finland's Euro 2020 squad.

2021–22 EFL Cup
The 2021–22 EFL Cup was the 62nd season of the EFL Cup (known as the Carabao Cup for sponsorship reasons). The competition was open to all clubs participating in the Premier League and the English Football League.

The winner of the competition qualifies for the play-off round of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League.

The competition began on 31 July 2021, and the final was played at Wembley Stadium on 27 February 2022 between Chelsea and Liverpool, with Liverpool winning a record ninth title 11–10 on penalties following a goalless draw after extra time.

Manchester City were the holders, having won the previous four editions, but they were eliminated by West Ham United on penalties in the fourth round.
Nemacheilus pallidus
Nemacheilus pallidus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Nemacheilus which occurs in the lower Mekong basin in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, as well as in the Chao Phraya and Maeklong basins in Thailand.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Henry B. Lee
Henry Bird Lee (1781 – September 16, 1816) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Greene County, New York, Lee practiced law in Patterson, New York. In 1815, Lee served in the New York State Assembly. In 1816, Lee was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the United States House of Representatives; Lee died before he took office.

Patterson, New York
Patterson is a town in Putnam County, New York, United States. The town is in the northeastern part of the county and Interstate 84 passes through its southwestern section. The population was 11,541 at the 2020 census. The town is named after farmer Matthew Paterson. The original name was spelled “Paterson,” but was changed to its current spelling in the mid-19th century, reportedly because mail delivery confusion with Paterson, New Jersey.
Rex Carroll
Rex Carroll is an American guitarist known for his work in the Christian metal band Whitecross. He is also the leader and guitarist of other bands including Fierce Heart, King James and the Rex Carroll Band. He also filled in and did all the guitar work on Eden's 1994 album Fan The Flame.

Guardian (band)
Guardian is an American Christian hard rock and metal band. The band has released seven studio albums, three additional albums in Spanish, and toured extensively worldwide. There are also numerous compilations, independent releases, live records and bootlegs available.
High Sheriff of County Cork
The Sheriff (later High Sheriff) of County Cork was an official in County Cork from the county's creation in the early 13th century until the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922. Within each Irish county, the high sheriff was the primary judicial representative of the English (later British) monarch, who was Lord of Ireland, later King/Queen of Ireland, and finally monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1608, Cork city was made a county corporate separate from County Cork, after which separate sheriffs of Cork City were appointed by the city corporation.

Counties of Ireland
The counties of Ireland (Irish: Contaetha na hÉireann) are historic administrative divisions of the island. They began as Norman structures, and as the powers exercised by the Cambro-Norman barons and the Old English nobility waned over time, new offices of political control were established at a county level. The number of counties varied depending on the time period, however thirty-two is the traditionally accepted and used number.

In 1921, upon the partition of Ireland, six of the traditional counties became part of Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland, counties ceased to be used for local government in 1973. Districts are instead used. In the Republic of Ireland, some counties have been split, resulting in the creation of new counties: there are currently 26 counties, 3 cities and 2 cities and counties that demarcate areas of local government in the Republic.
Cansado
Cansado (Arabic: كانصادو) is a coastal town in north-western Mauritania on the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula.  It is located in the Nouadhibou Department in the Dakhlet Nouadhibou region.

It was built from scratch in the early 1960s for the staff administering the port and railhead for the iron ore mining company MIFERMA (Societe Anonyme des Mines de Fer de Mauritanie) as part of their iron mine development project at Zouérate.

Nearby towns and villages include Uad Guenifa (3.9 nmi (7.2 km; 4.5 mi)), La Batterie (2.1 nmi (3.9 km; 2.4 mi)), Nouadhibou (3.5 nmi (6.5 km; 4.0 mi)), Bir Gandus (54 nmi (100 km; 62 mi)), Tanoudert (59.6 nmi (110.4 km; 68.6 mi)) and Iouik (72 nmi (133 km; 83 mi)).

Bir Gandus
Bir Gandus or Bir Gandouz (Arabic: بئر كندوز, romanized: Biʾr Kandūz) is a village in Western Sahara, currently occupied by Morocco. As a claimed rural commune of Morocco it serves as the headquarters of Morocco's Aousserd Province and recorded a population of 4625 in the 2014 Moroccan census. It holds a Moroccan military post. Although sometimes called so, it is not a border post. The border post to Mauritania is to the west on the RN1 at Guerguerat although the stamp given there bore the name of Bir Gandus.

In February 2023, the Royal Moroccan Football Federation announced the construction of two football fields in Bir Gandouz and Guerguerat.
Scotorythra rara
Scotorythra rara is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui and Hawaii.

The larvae feed on Acacia koa, Cheirodendron gaudichaudii, Cibotium, Cyrtandra, Elaeocarpus, guava, Metrosideros, Melicope, Pipturus, Rubus hawaiiensis, Sapindus, Straussia and Vaccinium.

Psychotria
Psychotria is a large genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae, with over 1,600 species. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific.

Many species, including Psychotria viridis, produce the psychedelic chemical dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
James W. Mott
James Wheaton Mott (November 12, 1883 – November 12, 1945) was a U.S. representative from Oregon.  A graduate of Columbia University and Willamette University's law school, he worked as a newspaper reporter, city attorney, and was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives.

Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. Depending on the country, legal system, or desired qualifications, the coursework is undertaken at undergraduate, graduate, or both levels.
Portaria
Portaria (Greek: Πορταριά) is a village and a former municipality in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Volos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 22.754 km2. It is located on Mt. Pelion, facing the Pagasetic Gulf, north of Volos and its suburbs. The majority of the buildings are typical examples of Pelion architecture with their windows and doors decorated with a variety of colors.  The mountaintop of Pelion is to the north. Portaria every year holds a traditional wedding in the main square of the village and many people from Volos and the surrounding villages drop by to learn how weddings were traditionally done in these villages.

Thessaly
Thessaly (/ˈθɛsəli/ THESS-ə-lee; Greek: Θεσσαλία, romanized: Thessalía [θesaˈli.a]; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Central Greece to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.
Jeetze
Jeetze (German pronunciation: [ˈjeːt͡sə] ⓘ) is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Kalbe.

Altmarkkreis Salzwedel
Altmarkkreis Salzwedel is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Gifhorn, Uelzen, Lüchow-Dannenberg in Lower Saxony, and the districts of Stendal and Börde (district).