hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vitali–Carathéodory theorem
In mathematics, the Vitali–Carathéodory theorem is a result in real analysis that shows that, under the conditions stated below, integrable functions can be approximated in L1 from above and below by lower- and upper-semicontinuous functions, respectively. It is named after Giuseppe Vitali and Constantin Carathéodory.

Real analysis
In mathematics, the branch of real analysis studies the behavior of real numbers, sequences and series of real numbers, and real functions. Some particular properties of real-valued sequences and functions that real analysis studies include convergence, limits, continuity, smoothness, differentiability and integrability.

Real analysis is distinguished from complex analysis, which deals with the study of complex numbers and their functions.
Palmer Lake (Washington)
Palmer Lake is a lake in Okanogan County, in the U.S. state of Washington.

Fish that can be found in this lake are the black crappie, burbot, Largemouth bass, Smallmouth bass, Sockeye salmon, and the Yellow perch.

Known as Haipwil to the Indigenous people, Palmer Lake is named for James Palmer, who had a cattle ranch at the north end of the lake around 1875.

Yellow perch
The yellow perch (Perca flavescens), commonly referred to as perch, striped perch, American perch or preacher is a freshwater perciform fish native to much of North America. The yellow perch was described in 1814 by Samuel Latham Mitchill from New York. It is closely related, and morphologically similar to the European perch (Perca fluviatilis); and is sometimes considered a subspecies of its European counterpart.

Latitudinal variability in age, growth rates, and size have been observed among populations of yellow perch, likely resulting from differences in day length and annual water temperatures. In many populations, yellow perch often live 9 to 10 years, with adults generally ranging 4–10 in (10–25 cm) in length.

The world record for a yellow by weight is 4 lb 3 oz (1.9 kg), and was caught in May 1865 in Bordentown, New Jersey, by Dr. C. Abbot. It is the longest-standing record for a freshwater fish in North America.
Hair tie
A hair tie (also called a ponytail holder, hairkeeper, hair band, hair elastic, wrap around, gogo, or bobble) is a styling aid used to fasten hair, particularly long hair, away from areas such as the face. This is usually done as part of a hairstyle such as pigtails, bunches, or ponytails for straight, wavy, and loosely curled hair, and referred to as afro puffs, bunny tails, and "pineapples" for highly curled and highly textured natural hair. Two common types of hair tie are the scrunchie and the elastic. The term can also include a fixed tie or rubber band which is placed through or around strands to hold specific parts of hair together, rather than tie it or clasp them together like a hair clip.

Hair ties' elasticity and durability vary according to the material or materials from which they are made.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.
Burl Fowler Stadium
Burl Fowler Stadium is a stadium in Monett, Missouri.  It is used for football, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's track & field, and is the home field of the Monett Cubs. Opening in 1968 and expanded since, the stadium holds approximately 2,000 people.

John Burroughs School
John Burroughs School (JBS) is a private, non-sectarian college-preparatory school with 631 students in grades 7–12. Its 49-acre (200,000 m2) campus is located in Ladue, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. Founded in 1923, it is named for U.S. naturalist and philosopher John Burroughs.

John Burroughs has long had a school philosophy of liberal and progressive education. It has been recognized as one of the nation's premier preparatory schools. In 2007, the Wall Street Journal ranked it among the top 50 schools in sending graduates to eight top universities.

As of 2020, the faculty includes 96 full-time and 32 part-time members. Since 2009, the head of school has been Andy Abbott, formerly an English teacher and the school's head of college counseling. He replaced Keith Shahan, who served as headmaster for 23 years.
TREC Genomics
The TREC Genomics track was a workshop held under the auspices of NIST for the purpose of evaluating systems for information retrieval and related technologies in the genomics domain.  The TREC Genomics track took place annually from 2003 to 2007, with some modifications to the task set every year; tasks included information retrieval, document classification, GeneRIF prediction, and question answering.

Question answering
Question answering (QA) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions that are posed by humans in a natural language.

A question-answering implementation, usually a computer program, may construct its answers by querying a structured database of knowledge or information, usually a knowledge base. More commonly, question-answering systems can pull answers from an unstructured collection of natural language documents.

Some examples of natural language document collections used for question answering systems include reference texts, compiled newswire reports, Wikipedia pages and other World Wide Web pages.
Pumuckls Abenteuer
Pumuckls Abenteuer (Pumuckl's Adventures) is a German television series. It is based on the fictional character Pumuckl created by Ellis Kaut. It is a sequel series to 1980s TV series Meister Eder und sein Pumuckl (Master [carpenter] Eder and his Pumuckl) and the cinematic movie Pumuckl und der blaue Klabauter (Pumuckl and the blue Klabauter). Gustl Bayrhammer, who played Meister Eder in the first series, died in 1993; rather than recast his role, the producers decided to feature characters which had been introduced in the movie, making the movie sort of a pilot to this series, bridging the gap between the events of first series and this one.

Ellis Kaut
Elisabeth "Ellis" Kaut (17 November 1920 – 24 September 2015) was a German author of children's literature, best known for her creation of Pumuckl, a kobold appearing in radio plays and TV series. She also published novellas and some illustrated books.
The Real Housewives of New York City season 12
The twelfth season of The Real Housewives of New York City, an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It premiered on April 2, 2020. The series is primarily filmed in New York City. Its executive producers are  Lisa Shannon, Barrie Bernstein, Darren Ward, John Paparazzo and Andy Cohen. The season focuses on the lives of Luann de Lesseps, Ramona Singer, Sonja Morgan, Dorinda Medley, Tinsley Mortimer and Leah McSweeney.

This would mark the final season for both Tinsley Mortimer and Dorinda Medley.

Luann de Lesseps
Luann de Lesseps (née Nadeau, previously D'Agostino; known as "Countess Luann" from her first marriage, although she no longer has that title; born May 17, 1965) is an American television personality, singer, model, and author. She is best known as an original cast member of the Bravo reality television series The Real Housewives of New York City, featuring in the first 13 of 15 seasons since its 2008 premiere. In 2018, she began headlining "Countess and Friends", a cabaret show of her own making.
Claus Kjeldgaard
Claus Kjeldgaard (born 1 January 1986) is a Danish former handball player who played as a centre back.

He made his senior debut for Aalborg Håndbold in 2005 but was loaned out to HF Mors in September of the same year. He returned to Aalborg for the start of the 2006–07 season, but was again loaned out to Mors in January 2007. He signed permanently for Mors at the end of the season when his contract with Aalborg expired. He signed for Swedish club IFK Kristianstad in 2009. After battling relegation in 2009–10 and 2010–11, he helped his team reach the Swedish Championship final in 2011–12 and 2012–13. However, his team lost both finals. During his time at Kristianstad he often only played in defence due to persistent injury troubles. He returned to his home country in 2013 as he signed for SønderjyskE Håndbold. He retired at the end of the 2017–18 season.

2017–18 Håndboldligaen
The 2017–18 Håndboldligaen, known as the 888ligaen for sponsorship reasons, was the 82nd season of the Håndboldligaen, Denmark's premier handball league. Nordsjælland Håndbold was the promoted team from the previous year's 1st Division.

Skjern Håndbold was declared Danish champion after they beat Bjerringbro-Silkeborg in the final.

HC Midtjylland was declared bankrupt during the season, and it was thus administratively relegated to the 2nd Division, the third tier of Danish handball.
Adamson Soaring Falcons, Lady Falcons, Baby Falcons and Lady Baby Falcons
The Adamson Soaring Falcons, Lady Falcons, Baby Falcons and Lady Baby Falcons are the collegiate men's and women's, and high school men's and women's, respectively, varsity teams of Adamson University that play in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines.

The university's varsity teams also participate in other sports leagues such as the Filoil Flying V Preseason Cup, Fr. Martin's Cup, University Games, and Premier Volleyball League.

Premier Volleyball League
The Premier Volleyball League (PVL) is the top-level professional women's volleyball league in the Philippines organized by the Sports Vision Management Group, Inc. The PVL was established in 2004 as the inter-collegiate Shakey's V-League (SVL) until  it rebranded to the current entity in 2017. Prior to becoming a full-fledged professional league in 2021, the PVL was open to participation of corporate owned semi-professional clubs and non-collegiate teams backed by local governments.

The PVL previously operated men's and collegiate divisions before they were spun-off into Spikers' Turf and the V-League, respectively, both are also operated by Sports Vision.

The Creamline Cool Smashers are the most successful team with ten titles, which included the league's only Grand Slam in the 2024 season.
Rose of Washington Square
Rose of Washington Square is a 1939 American musical drama film, featuring the already well-known popular song with the same title. Set in 1920s New York City, the film focuses on singer Rose Sargent and her turbulent relationship with con artist Barton DeWitt Clinton, whose criminal activities threaten her professional success in the Ziegfeld Follies.

Although the names of the principal characters were changed, the plot was inspired by vaudeville entertainer Fanny Brice's career and marriage to gambler Nicky Arnstein (both the film's title song and "My Man" were closely associated with Brice), and Brice sued 20th Century Fox for $750,000. The studio settled out of court for an undisclosed amount.

Written by Nunnally Johnson (who co-produced with Darryl F. Zanuck) and directed by Gregory Ratoff, it stars Alice Faye, Tyrone Power and Al Jolson, with a supporting cast that includes William Frawley, Joyce Compton, Hobart Cavanaugh, Moroni Olsen, Charles Lane, and Louis Prima.

Fanny Brice
Fania Borach (October 29, 1891 – May 29, 1951), known professionally as Fanny Brice or Fannie Brice, was an American comedian, illustrated song model, singer, and actress who made many stage, radio, and film appearances. She is known as the creator and star of the top-rated radio comedy series The Baby Snooks Show.

Her life story was loosely adapted into the stage musical Funny Girl. Brice was famously portrayed by Barbra Streisand in both the original Broadway production of the musical and its 1968 film adaptation.
Becky Beasley
Becky Beasley  (born 1975) is a British visual artist working in sculpture and photography. She is also a senior lecturer at Goldsmiths, University of London.

Beasley's work was recognized with a Freelands Award in 2023, for her upcoming exhibition at Derby QUAD. She previously received the Paul Hamlyn Award in 2018.

Beasley creates sculptures, photographs, and texts rooted in deep literary and historical exploration.

Paul Hamlyn Foundation
Paul Hamlyn Foundation is a registered charity, and a company limited by guarantee, which has been established in its current form since 2004, succeeding an earlier incarnation that was founded in 1987, which itself formalised established philanthropic giving by Paul Hamlyn that had been ongoing since 1972.

It is an independent grant-making foundation, making grants to individuals and organisations in the UK to help people overcome disadvantage. The foundation focuses on supporting children and young adults, especially in pursuit of the arts.

The Foundation is located in Kings Cross, London, with around 40 staff members. Trustees include James Lingwood (Chair), Jane Hamlyn, Michael Hamlyn, Marcus Davey, Martha Mackenzie and Akeela Ahmed.
Goldsmith Maid
Goldsmith Maid (1857 – September 23, 1885) was a prominent Standardbred racemare in the 1870s that was called the "Queen of the Trotters" and had a harness racing career that spanned 13 years. Her last race was won at the age of 20 against a much younger horse named Rarus. She was inducted into the Harness Racing Hall of Fame in 1953.

Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace). They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, spider, or chariot occupied by a driver. In Europe, and less frequently in Australia and New Zealand, races with jockeys riding directly on saddled trotters (trot monté in French) are also conducted.
Edna White
Flora Edna White (October 23, 1892 – June 25, 1992), known professionally as Edna White, was an American trumpet soloist, singer, vaudeville performer, and composer. A child prodigy, White began her professional career as a soloist in 1901 at the age of eight. She studied at the New York Institute of Musical Art in 1907. She was one of the first soloists to perform on trumpet rather than cornet.

White was billed as the "only woman solo trumpeter in the world". She created several all-female brass ensembles. In the 1920s, White made solo recordings for Edison Records. She collaborated with composers Virgil Thomson and George Antheil. Her 1949 recital in Carnegie Hall was the first given there by a trumpeter.

Stabat Mater (Rossini)
Stabat Mater is a work by Gioachino Rossini based on the traditional structure of the Stabat Mater sequence for chorus and soloists. It was composed late in his career after retiring from the composition of opera. He began the work in 1831 but did not complete it until 1841.
Chris John (rugby union)
Chris John (born 25 August 1960) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. She made her debut off the bench for the Black Ferns at RugbyFest 1990 against the Netherlands and started in the match against the Soviet Union.

Soviet Union women's national rugby union team
The Soviet Union women's national rugby union team were the women's national rugby union team of the Soviet Union. They played six matches between 1990 and 1991, losing them all. The team was severely underfunded, surviving the 1991 Women's Rugby World Cup by bartering and selling items of kit and other artefacts such as vodka. They ceased playing after 1991, because of the collapse of the Soviet Union.
1996 Finnish Masters
The 1996 Finnish Masters was an invitational non-ranking snooker tournament held at the Hesperia Hotel, Helsinki, Finland in 1996. Rod Lawler won the tournament defeating Stefan Mazrocis 6–2 in the final, and took the first prize of £4,000.

Rod Lawler
Rod Lawler (born 12 July 1971) is an English former professional snooker player. He is noted for his slow playing style which gave rise to his nickname, "Rod the Plod".

After turning professional in 1990, Lawler reached one ranking tournament final, the 1996 International Open, where he lost 3–9 to John Higgins, and won one minor-ranking tournament, Event 3 of the 2012/2013 Players Tour Championship, where he defeated Marco Fu 4–2 in the final.

Lawler compiled over 100 competitive century breaks during his career. His highest is a 143, in qualifying for the 2003 World Championship. He fell off the tour at the end of the 2023-24 snooker season.
The Monster Song
"The Monster Song" is the lead single from Psapp's album The Camel's Back.  It was released on 3 November 2008 in the UK, a week after the parent album became available. The single peaked at No. 34 on the UK Independent Singles Chart.

The Camel's Back
The Camel's Back is the third album by Psapp.

"The Monster Song" was released as the album's first single on 3 November 2008 in the UK.  "I Want That" was released as the second single in the UK on 30 March 2009.
Murray River railway bridge, Albury–Wodonga
The Murray River railway bridge is a heritage-listed Australian railway bridge over the Murray River on the Main Southern line south of Albury, New South Wales, and on the North Eastern line north of Wodonga in Victoria. The bridge was designed by John Whitton and built from 1883 to 1884 by J. S. Bennett, with iron work supplied by Westwood, Baillie, England. It is also known as the Rail Bridge over Murray River, Albury–Wodonga and the Albury Lattice Railway Bridge and Murray River Underbridge. The bridge is owned by RailCorp, and maintained by the Australian Rail Track Corporation as part of its lease of the line. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999, and added to the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate on 18 April 1989.

The bridge is located 648.465 kilometres (402.937 mi) from Sydney Central railway station.

John Whitton
John Whitton (1820 near Wakefield, Yorkshire, England – 20 February 1898) was an Anglo–Australian railway engineer, who was the Engineer-in-Charge for the New South Wales Government Railways, serving between 1856 and 1890, considered the Father of New South Wales Railways. Under his supervision, it is estimated that 2,171 miles (3,494 km) of railway around New South Wales and Victoria were completed. Whitton was responsible for the construction of parts of the Main Western railway line, in particular the section over the Blue Mountains and the Lithgow Zig Zag, and much of the Main Southern railway line.
Lincoln Park (Marion, Ohio)
Lincoln Park is located in Marion, Ohio. It served as the home of the Marion Red Sox, a Boston Red Sox minor league affiliate, from 1949 to 1951. It is still is use today by amateur baseball teams.

The ballpark previously served as home to Marion minor league teams beginning in 1915. The 1915 Marion Senators of the Class D level Buckeye League, 1937 Marion Presidents, 1944 Marion Diggers and 1944 to 1947 Marion Cardinals (St. Louis Cardinals affiliate), all members of the Class D level Ohio State League played at the ballpark. The Marion Cubs (Chicago Cubs affiliate) in 1948 preceded the Marion Red Sox as members of the Class D level Ohio-Indiana League and hosted games at Lincoln Park.

Lincoln Park was also the site of one NFL game in 1922.  On October 8 of that year, the Oorang Indians coached by Jim Thorpe,  played the only home game of their short two year existence defeated the Columbus Panhandles by the score of 20–6.

Ohio–Indiana League
The Ohio–Indiana League was a Class D level minor league baseball league that operated from 1948 to 1951. The league was composed of six teams from Ohio and two teams from Indiana. The Marion Red Sox won three consecutive league championships beginning in 1949. There was also a six–team Ohio–Indiana League that played the 1907 season.
Westfield War Memorial Village
Westfield War Memorial Village (established 1924) is a residence in the City of Lancaster, England. Initially created for ex-service men, women and families after World War I, it continues to provide accommodation for 189 residents.

City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster, or simply Lancaster (/ˈlæŋkæstər/), is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, and also includes the towns of Carnforth, Heysham and Morecambe and a wider rural hinterland. The district has a population of 145,006 (2024), and an area of 219 square miles (567 km2).

Much of the district's rural area is recognised for its natural beauty; it includes part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and parts of the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of Arnside and Silverdale and the Forest of Bowland. The neighbouring districts are Westmorland and Furness, North Yorkshire, Ribble Valley and Wyre.
Francis Underhill
Francis Underhill (16 May 1878 – 24 January 1943) was an Anglican bishop in the first half of the 20th century.

Underhill was educated at Shrewsbury School and Exeter College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1901 and was a curate at St Paul's Swindon and St Thomas the Martyr, Oxford and then Vicar of St Alban the Martyr, Birmingham until 1925. He was the first secretary of the Federation of Catholic Priests and from 1925 until 1932 he was Warden of Liddon House, and priest in charge of the Grosvenor Chapel, Mayfair when he was appointed Dean of Rochester, a position he held until his confirmation as Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1937. Shortly after confirmation, he was consecrated a bishop on St Andrew's Day 1937 (30 November), by Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Paul's Cathedral. An author, he was a cousin of Evelyn Underhill.

Grosvenor Chapel
Grosvenor Chapel is an Anglican church in what is now the City of Westminster, in England, built in the 1730s. It inspired many churches in New England. It is situated on South Audley Street in Mayfair.
Oblong (company)
Oblong Inc. (formerly Glowpoint, Inc.) is a cloud-based communication service provider. The company was founded in 1991 and its headquarter is in Denver, Colorado. It serves an enterprise customer base including about 600 customers, such as some Fortune 100 companies, governments and other profit and non-profit organizations. The company applies its core business platform, cloud-based OpenVideo platform, to deliver diverse services to customers. In 2011, its product, Virtual Visual Room, received 2011 NGN Leadership Award from NGN Magazine.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
Belemnitella bulbosa
Belemnitella bulbosa is a species of belemnite from the Late Cretaceous of North America. It is known only from two localities - the Pierre Shale and Fox Hills Formations. B. bulbosa had a slender somewhat cylindrical rostrum (guard) with a slightly expanded front opening. Like other members of the genus Belemnitella, it had a dorsal ridge on the rostrum. The phragmocone is about the same size or slightly longer than the rostrum and has an oval cross-section.

Fox Hills Formation
The Fox Hills Formation is a Cretaceous geologic formation in the northwestern Great Plains of North America.  It is present from Alberta on the north to Colorado in the south.

Fossil remains of dinosaurs, including tyrannosaurs, as well as large marine reptiles, such as mosasaurs, have been recovered from the formation.