hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Engure Municipality
Engure Municipality (Latvian: Engures novads) is a former Latvian municipality situated partly in the region of Courland and partly in Vidzeme. It bordered Mērsrags municipality, Tukums municipality, Jūrmala and the Gulf of Riga. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Engure parish, Smārde parish and Lapmežciems parish, with the administrative centre being Smārde. The population in 2020 was 7,124.

On 1 July 2021, Engure Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Tukums Municipality.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.
Bradynema rigidum
Bradynema rigidum is a parasitic species of nematode in the Allantonematidae family. The species has been classified as androdioecious. The parasite will live freely in its host; groupings of 2–3 to up to twenty may occur together.

In this species it was found that blastomeres in the 4 cell stage might be in 2 possible arrangements.

The species was originally discovered by Philipp Franz von Siebold in the 19th century. Otto zur Strassen received a doctorate in 1892 for writing his dissertation about the nematode.
The larva development was first described by Wülker. In this species male larva develop into adults after 8 days, while the females develop into adults after 7 or 10 days. All adults are hermaphrodites. It has been suggested that males develop ovaries and become hermaphrodites while the females degenerate.

Blastomere
In biology, a blastomere is a type of cell produced by cell division (cleavage) of the zygote after fertilization; blastomeres are an essential part of blastula formation, and blastocyst formation in mammals.
Little Sisters of the Abandoned Elderly
The Little Sisters of the Abandoned Elderly  (Spanish: Hermanitas de los Ancianos Desamparados; Latin: Congregatio Parvarum Sororum Senium Derelictorum; abbreviation: H.A.D.) is a religious institute of pontifical right whose members profess public vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience and follow the evangelical way of life in common.

Members dedicate themselves to the care of the elderly.

This religious institute was founded in Barbastro, Spain, in 1872, by Saint Teresa of Jesus, and her collaborator Saturnino López Novoa.

The sisters have houses in Africa, Europe and Latin America. The Generalate of the Congregation can be found in Valencia, Spain.

As of 31 December 2005 there were 2527 sisters in 210 communities.

Barbastro
Barbastro (Latin: Barbastrum or Civitas Barbastrensis, Aragonese: Balbastro) is a city in the Somontano county, province of Huesca, Spain. The city (also known originally as Barbastra or Bergiduna) is at the junction of the rivers Cinca and Vero.
Krishnamurthy Gobinathan
Krishnamurthy Gobinathan (born 13 January 1978) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He is currently working as the head coach of Bangladesh national field hockey team.

Bangladesh men's national field hockey team
The Bangladesh men's national field hockey team represents Bangladesh in men's international field hockey, and has won the bronze medal three times in the South Asian Games. It is administered by the Bangladesh Hockey Federation.
Khuchap Monastery
Khuchap Monastery (Armenian: Խուճապ, romanized: Xučap) or Khujabi Monastery (Georgian: ხუჯაბი, romanized: khujabi) is a monastery dedicated to Our Lady of Iviron. It is situated in Privolnoye, a village in the Lori Province of Armenia, near the border with Georgia.

Despite its geographic circumstances, Georgian authorities maintain that the monastery is situated in the Marneuli Municipality near the village of Akhkerpi.

Apart from the main church, Khuchap Monastery also consists of a gavit and several ruined buildings.

Gavit
In a medieval Armenian monastery, a gavit (Armenian: գավիթ; gawit’) or zhamatun (Armenian: ժամատուն; žamatun) is a congressional room or mausoleum added to the entrance of a church, and therefore often contiguous to its west side. It served as narthex (entrance to the church), mausoleum and assembly room, somewhat like the narthex or lite of a Byzantine church. As an architectural element, the gavit was distinct from the church, and built afterwards. Its first known instance is at the Horomos Monastery, dated to 1038, when it was already called "žamatun". The term "gavit" started to replace the term zhamatun' from 1181, when it first appears in an inscription at the Sanahin Monastery.
Kédougou
Kédougou (Wolof: Keédugu) is a town in the Kédougou Region of south-eastern Senegal near the border with Mali and Guinea. It lies at an elevation of 167 m (548 ft) above sea level.

Founded by the Malinké people, Kédougou means the "Land of Man". The town lies on the N7 road and the River Gambia amid the Pays Bassari hills and Fouta Djallon foothills.
Local attractions include the Dindefelo Falls and Niokolo-Koba National Park.  The main sources of income in the town are agriculture, small-scale commerce, construction, and gold mining.  There is a military camp, a hospital, a community radio station and library, a Peace Corps Office and a number of small businesses. The most commonly spoken languages are Pulaar, Bassari, Bedik, Diakhanké, Malinké and French.

In 2007, according to official estimates, Kédougou had a population of 18,860.  That figure had grown to 59,231 in the 2023 census.

Fula language
FulaListenⓘ  (/ˈfuːlə/ FOO-lə), also known as FulaniListenⓘ  (/fʊˈlɑːniː/ fuu-LAH-nee) or Fulah (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular; Adlam: 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪; Ajami: ࢻُلْࢻُلْدٜ‎, ݒُلَارْ‎, بُۛلَر‎), is a Senegambian language spoken by around 36.8 million people as a set of various dialects in a continuum that stretches across some 18 countries in West and Central Africa. Along with other related languages such as Serer and Wolof, it belongs to the Atlantic geographic group within Niger–Congo, and more specifically to the Senegambian branch. Unlike most Niger-Congo languages, Fula does not have tones.

It is spoken as a first language by the Fula people ("Fulani", Fula: Fulɓe) from the Senegambia region and Guinea to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Sudan and by related groups such as the Toucouleur people in the Senegal River Valley. It is also spoken as a second language by various peoples in the region, such as the Kirdi of northern Cameroon and northeastern Nigeria.
2022–23 Miami Hurricanes women's basketball team
The 2022–23 Miami Hurricanes women's basketball team represented the University of Miami during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Hurricanes were led by eighteenth-year head coach Katie Meier and played their home games at the Watsco Center as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.

They finished the season 22–13 overall and 11–7 in ACC play to finish in a tie for sixth place.  As the sixth seed in the ACC tournament, they defeated eleventh seed Boston College in the Second Round before losing to third seeded Virginia Tech in the Quarterfinals.  They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they were the ninth seed in the Greenville 2 Regional.  They defeated eighth seed Oklahoma State in the First Round, first seed Indiana in the Second Round, and fourth seed Villanova in the Sweet Sixteen before losing to eventual champions third seed LSU in the Elite Eight to end their season.  The Elite Eight appearance was the first in program history.

2022–23 LSU Tigers women's basketball team
The 2022–23 LSU Tigers women's basketball team represented Louisiana State University in the 2022–23 college basketball season. Led by second year head coach Kim Mulkey, the team played their games at Pete Maravich Assembly Center and are members of the Southeastern Conference. This team achieved numerous milestones for LSU women's basketball, including the team's first ever national championship and Final Four wins.
More to Life: The Best of Stacie Orrico
More to Life: The Best of Stacie Orrico (also known as simply Best of Stacie Orrico) is a greatest hits album by American singer Stacie Orrico. It was released by EMI Music exclusively in Japan, on November 28, 2007. There is a deluxe edition that contains a DVD featuring all of Orrico's music videos, with the exception of "Genuine."

Stacie Orrico
Stacie Joy Orrico (born March 3, 1986) is an American singer and songwriter. After signing to ForeFront Records, Orrico recorded her first album, Genuine (2000). Her second studio album Stacie Orrico (2003), released by ForeFront and Virgin, debuted at No. 59 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold with over 500,000 sales in the United States. The first single "Stuck" reached No. 52 on Billboard Hot 100, and achieved greater success worldwide. Her second single "(There's Gotta Be) More to Life" peaked at No. 30 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Her self-titled album has achieved sales worldwide of over 3.5 million. In 2003, she made her first television appearance as an actress in two episodes of American Dreams. Her third album, Beautiful Awakening (2006) spawned two singles, "I'm Not Missing You" and "So Simple".
Chatham (surname)
Chatham is the surname of:

C. J. Chatham (born 1994), American baseball player

Charles Chatham (1910–1994), English cricketer

Gerald Chatham (1906–1956), American lawyer, lead prosecutor in the Emmett Till case

John Chatham (Australian politician) (1866–1925)

John Purnell Chatham (1872–1914), American sailor and Medal of Honor recipient

Ray Chatham (1924–1999), English footballer

Rhys Chatham (born 1952), American musician

Richard Thurmond Chatham (1896–1957), American politician

Russell Chatham (1939–2019), American landscape artist

William Chatham (1859–1941), Scottish-born engineer and government official of Hong Kong

Russell Chatham
Russell Chatham (October 27, 1939 – November 10, 2019) was a contemporary American landscape artist and author who spent most of his career living in Livingston, Montana. The artist was the grandson of landscape painter Gottardo Piazzoni, though he was essentially a self-taught artist. His work has been exhibited in over 400 one man shows and in museums and galleries over the last five decades. Art scribe Robert Hughes was among Chatham's collectors along with Paul Allen and actor Jack Nicholson.
Benzodioxan
The benzodioxans are a group of isomeric chemical compounds with the molecular formula C8H8O2.  There are three isomers of benzodioxan, as the second atom of oxygen of the dioxane can be in a second, third or fourth position: 1,2-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane and 1,4-dioxane, which respectively give 1,2-benzodioxan, 1,3-benzodioxan and 1,4-benzodioxan.

1,3-Dioxane
1,3-Dioxane or m-dioxane is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)4O2.  It is a saturated six-membered heterocycle with two oxygen atoms in place of carbon atoms at the 1- and 3- positions. 1,4-Dioxane, which is of greater commercial value, is an isomer. Both dioxanes are colorless liquids.
Valery Tsnobiladze
Valery Zhironovich Tsnobiladze (Russian: Валерий Жиронович Цнобиладзе) (born Vorkuta, 3 November 1980) is a Russian rugby union player who plays as a hooker. He is of Georgian descent.

Tsnobiladze played for Krasny Yar Krasnoyarsk (2004), RC Novokuznetsk (2005–2011), and Yenisey-STM Krasnoyarsk (2011–2013). He plays once again for Krasny Yar Krasnoyarsk since 2013.

He had 43 caps for Russia, from 2010 to 2018, scoring 5 tries, 25 points on aggregate. He had his debut at the 40–20 loss to Argentina Jaguars, at 23 October 2010, in Moscow, in a tour, aged 29 years old. He was called for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, playing in two games, one of them as a substitute. He was suspended after headbutting an adversary player in the game with Ireland, in a 62–12 loss. He returned to the national team afterwards and was a regular player until his last game, at the 57–3 win over Germany, at 18 March 2018, in Cologne, for the 2019 Rugby World Cup qualifiers, aged 37 years old.

Yenisey-STM Krasnoyarsk
Yenisey-STM Rugby Club is a Russian rugby union club founded in 1975. It is one of the two powerful Krasnoyarsk clubs, the other being their cross town rivals Krasny Yar. They participate in the Professional Rugby League, the premier rugby championship of Russia, and in 2015–16 qualified for the European Rugby Challenge Cup, making them the first Russian rugby union club ever to compete in a major European club competition. With an operating budget of €3.5m they are largest club in Russia.
Ernest Township, Dade County, Missouri
Ernest Township is a rural township in Dade County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is laid out as approximately a square, all farmland, with no organized communities currently within its boundaries and only an occasional residence. Missouri Highway 97, running south to north, runs through the township.

Ernest Township derives its name from Ernest Miller, a local postmaster.

Several streams flow through Ernest Township including Cedar Creek, Greaser Creek and Sons Creek.

Dade County, Missouri
Dade County is a county located in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,569. Its county seat is Greenfield. The county was organized in 1841 and named after Major Francis L. Dade of Virginia, who was killed in the Second Seminole War in 1835.
Carlos Neumann
Carlos Ariel Neumann Torres (born 3 January 1986) is a Paraguayan former professional footballer who played as a forward. He broke a record in Bolivian football when scored 23 goals in a single season for San José de Oruro.

Football in Bolivia
Association football is the most popular sport in Bolivia, with around 70% of the people in Bolivia considered association football fans. The first modern set of rules for the sport were established in 1923, which were a major influence on the development of the modern laws of the game. Bolivia has over 2,000 football clubs.

Bolivia is home to one of the oldest football clubs (Oruro Royal) in South America. The top domestic league, the División de Fútbol Profesional, is currently considered one of the most important leagues in South America. The country also is home to the famous Tahuichi Academy which has delivered many Bolivian football stars.

It has traditionally been a male-dominated sport, but women's football has become increasingly prominent in recent years.
Kerem Şener
Kerem Şener (born 2003) is a Turkish male artistic gymnast and part of the national team. He is a member of Şavkar Gymnastics Sport Club in İzmir.

Şener won the gold medal in the Parallel bars event  in the Junior category of the 4th Mediterranean Gymnastics Championship held in Cagliari, Italy on 27-29 September 2019. He became a gold medallist on parallel bars at the  2019 International Junior Team Cup held in Berlin, Germany on 5-6 April. He participated at the 2019 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Győr, Hungary on 27-30 June 2019.

At the 2022 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Munich, Germany on 18-21 August, he shared the bronze medal in the Team event with his teammates Ferhat Arıcan, Ahmet Önder, Adem Asil and Mehmet Ayberk Koşak.

Parallel bars
Parallel bars are floor apparatus consisting of two wooden bars approximately 350 centimetres (11 feet 6 inches) long and positioned at 200 cm (6 ft 7 in) above the floor. Parallel bars are used in artistic gymnastics and also for physical therapy and home exercise. Gymnasts may optionally wear grips when performing a routine on the parallel bars, although this is uncommon.
Kabuli pulao
Kabuli pulao (or pulaw) is a variety of pilaf made in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. It is known in Afghanistan as Qābilī palaw (Dari: قابلی پلو, pronounced [qɑːbɪˈliː paˈlaw]), and in Uzbekistan as the Osh palov (pronounced [ɒʃ pɐˈlɒɸ]), with neither country referring to it by the name of the city. In English the dish tends to be known by the name Kabuli. In Saudi Arabia it is known by the name Bukhari rice (Arabic: رز بخاري, romanized: ruzz Bukhārī), after the city of Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

The core ingredients are steamed rice mixed with caramelized carrots and  raisins as well as marinated meat. Kabuli pulao is commonly garnished with almonds and pistachios. Saffron may be added to either the rice, the sauce or the garnishes. Varieties of Kabuli pulao have spread from Afghanistan to different parts of Western and Central Asia and Pakistan.

Bukhara
Bukhara (/bʊˈxɑːrə/ buu-KHAR-ə) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.

The Bukhara region has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Uzbek states such as the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara and later the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.
Alan Robock
Alan Robock (born 1949) is an American climatologist. He is currently a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University, New Jersey. He advocates nuclear disarmament and, in 2010 and 2011, met with Fidel Castro during lecture trips to Cuba to discuss the dangers of nuclear weapons. Alan Robock was a 2007 IPCC author, a member of the organisation when it was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change".

Nuclear disarmament
Nuclear disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons. Its end state can also be a nuclear-weapons-free world, in which nuclear weapons are completely eliminated. The term denuclearization is also used to describe the process leading to complete nuclear disarmament.

Disarmament and non-proliferation treaties have been agreed upon because of the extreme danger intrinsic to nuclear war and the possession of nuclear weapons.

Proponents of nuclear disarmament say that it would lessen the probability of nuclear war occurring, especially considering accidents or retaliatory strikes from false alarms. Critics of nuclear disarmament say that it would undermine deterrence and make conventional wars more common.
Hall Road rail accident
The Hall Road rail accident occurred at 16:37 on 27 July 1905 at Hall Road station between Bootle and Formby north of Liverpool, operated at the time by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. The 16:30 Liverpool Exchange to Southport express collided with a local train which had departed Liverpool ten minutes earlier, and which was to be turned round at Hall Road. The empty local train had been shunted into a siding to allow the express to pass; according to the official report, the points failed to close properly and the signalman was unable to clear the signal for the express. He then worked the points  back and forth three times and, unable to clear the signal, waved a green flag to the driver. He had left the points set for the siding and the express was diverted into it and struck the rear of the local train, killing 20 people in the front coach of the express after telescoping occurred. Both drivers survived, having jumped clear prior to the impact.

Southport railway station
Southport railway station serves the town of Southport, Merseyside, England. The station is the terminal of the electricified Southport branch of the Northern Line of the electric Merseyrail network and the diesel-operated Manchester-Southport Line. It is the fourth busiest station on the Merseyrail network. The station and services to Liverpool Central  are operated by Merseyrail, with Manchester services operated by Northern Trains.
Posterolateral sulcus of spinal cord
On either side of the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord, and at a short distance from it, the posterior nerve roots are attached along a vertical furrow named the posterolateral sulcus. The portion of the medulla spinalis which lies between this and the posterior median sulcus is named the posterior funiculus.

Dorsal root of spinal nerve
The dorsal root of spinal nerve (or posterior root of spinal nerve or sensory root) is one of two "roots" which emerge from the spinal cord. It emerges directly from the spinal cord and travels to the dorsal root ganglion. Nerve fibres with the ventral root then combine to form a spinal nerve. The dorsal root transmits sensory information, forming the afferent sensory root of a spinal nerve.
Soumen Chakrabarti
Soumen Chakrabarti (সৌমেন চক্রবর্তী) is an Indian computer scientist and professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at IIT Bombay. He is known for his work on

The CLEVER Web page ranking system based on hyperlinks, related to PageRank.

Focused crawlers, which are Web crawlers guided by page topic classifiers.

Keyword search on graph databases, later popularized by Facebook graph search.

Named entity disambiguation in Web text.

He is author of an early book on Web search and mining.

He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 2014.
He was awarded the J. C. Bose National Fellowship in 2019.

He is a fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, the Indian Academy of Sciences, and the Indian National Science Academy.

He is among the distinguished alumni of IIT Kharagpur.

Indian Academy of Sciences
The Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore was founded by Indian Physicist and Nobel Laureate C. V. Raman, and was registered as a society on 27 April 1934. Inaugurated on 31 July 1934, it began with 65 founding fellows. The first general meeting of Fellows, held on the same day, elected Raman as president, and adopted the constitution of the Academy.
Roger Balian
Roger Balian (born 18 January 1933) is a French-Armenian physicist who has worked on quantum field theory, quantum thermodynamics, and theory of measurement.
Balian is a member of the French Academy of Sciences. His important works include the Balian-Low theorem. He teaches statistical physics at the École polytechnique.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.