hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Washington Summit (1973)
The Washington Summit of 1973 was a Cold War-era meeting between United States president Richard Nixon, United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union Alexei Kosygin that took place June 18–25.  The Cold War superpowers met at the White House to discuss issues regarding oceanography, transportation, agricultural research, cultural exchange, and most significantly, nuclear disarmament. The Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War was signed during the summit. The summit has been called a high-water mark in détente between the USSR and the US. The summit was originally intended to run until June 26, but ended a day early.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.

Officially, the General Secretary solely controlled the Communist Party directly. However, since the party had a monopoly on political power, the General Secretary de facto had executive control of the Soviet government. Because of the office's ability to direct both the foreign and domestic policies of the state and preeminence over the Soviet Communist Party, it was the de facto highest office of the Soviet Union.
Stodola's cone law
The Law of the Ellipse, or Stodola's cone law, is a method for calculating highly nonlinear dependence of extraction pressures with a flow for multistage turbine with high backpressure, when the turbine nozzles are not choked. It is important in turbine off-design calculations.

Nozzle
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (specially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.

A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.
The AI Doc: Or How I Became an Apocaloptimist
The AI Doc: Or How I Became an Apocaloptimist is a 2026 American documentary film directed by Daniel Roher and Charlie Tyrell. It is produced by the Academy Award-winning teams behind Everything Everywhere All at Once (Daniel Kwan and Jonathan Wang) and Navalny (Shane Boris and Diane Becker).

The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 27, 2026, which will be followed by a theatrical release in the United States on March 27, 2026, by Focus Features.

Shane Boris
Shane Boris, (born 1981, Denver, Colorado) is an American film producer and writer. He is the founder of Cottage M, an independent production house. Boris was nominated for Best Documentary Feature for The Edge of Democracy at the 92nd Academy Awards in 2020. In 2022, Boris produced two acclaimed documentaries, Fire of Love and Navalny, which both secured Oscar nominations, and made him the first producer since Walt Disney to be nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Documentary Feature in the same year.
Tom W. Currie
Thomas White Currie Sr. (January 23, 1879 – April 22, 1943) was an American pastor, college president, and college football coach. He served as the head football coach at Austin College in Sherman, Texas in 1907. After coaching and teaching at Austin College for a short time, he earned a master's degree in history from the University of Texas at Austin in 1911 and seminary training at Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, the latter of which he served as president from 1922 until his death in 1943.

Currie was born on January 23, 1879, in Durango, Texas, to David Mitchell and Ira Ione White Currie. He died on April 22, 1943, at a hospital in Temple, Texas, after suffering a paralytic stroke a week prior.

Austin College
Austin College is a private liberal arts college affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA) and located in Sherman, Texas. Chartered in November 1849, Austin College remains the oldest institution of higher education in Texas to be operating under its original charter and name as recognized by the State Historical Survey Committee. About 1,300 students are enrolled at the college.
Gustave Lefebvre
Gustave Lefebvre (17 July 1879 – 1 November 1957) was a French Egyptologist.

During the 1910s he worked as an inspector of antiquities for the Sultanate of Egypt and approved the controversial export of the Nefertiti Bust to Germany. His works included two books on the history of the High Priests of Amun, and one on ancient Egyptian medicine.

High Priest of Amun
The High Priest of Amun or First Prophet of Amun (ḥm nṯr tpj n jmn) was the highest-ranking priest in the priesthood of the ancient Egyptian god Amun. The first high priests of Amun appear in the New Kingdom of Egypt, at the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Finisar
Finisar Corporation is a manufacturer of optical communication components and subsystems. The company was founded in April 1987 by Frank Levinson and Jerry Rawls in Menlo Park, California. In November 1999, it went public via an initial public offering. In 2008 Finisar merged with Optium Corporation. In September 2019, Finisar was acquired by II-VI Incorporated for US$3.2 billion.

Finisar's products include optical transceivers, optical engines, active optical cables, optical components, optical instrumentation, ROADM & wavelength management, optical amplifiers, and RF-over-Fiber. Their products enable high-speed voice, video, and data communications for networking, storage, wireless, and cable TV applications.

Menlo Park, California
Menlo Park (/ˈmɛnloʊ/ MEN-loh) is a city in San Mateo County in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, United States.  Located at the eastern edge of the county, It is bordered by San Francisco Bay on the north and east; East Palo Alto, Palo Alto, and Stanford to the south; and Atherton, North Fair Oaks, and Redwood City to the west. It had 33,780 residents at the 2020 United States census. It is home to the corporate headquarters of Meta Platforms, and is where Google, Roblox Corporation, Round Table Pizza, and SRI International were founded.  The train station holds the record as the oldest continually operating train station in California. It is one of the most educated cities in California and the United States; nearly 70% of residents over 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher.
Coyote Wash (Railroad Wash tributary)
Coyote Wash is a tributary stream of Railroad Wash, in Greenlee County, Arizona.  Its mouth is at an elevation of 3,850 feet (1,170 m), at its confluence with Railroad Wash.  Its source is at an elevation of 4,400 feet (1,300 m) at 32°32′57″N 109°07′00″W﻿ / ﻿32.54917°N 109.11667°W﻿ / 32.54917; -109.11667 in the Bobcat Hills.

Greenlee County, Arizona
Greenlee County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,563, making it Arizona's least populous county. The county seat is Clifton.

The economy of Greenlee County is dominated by the Morenci Mine, the largest copper mining operation in North America, and one of the largest copper mines in the world. As of 2017, the mine complex, owned by Freeport-McMoRan, had about 3,300 employees.
High School for Medical Professions
The High School for Medical Professions is a public high school located in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Canarsie in New York City.  It teaches grades 9 through 12, and enrolls students throughout the New York City school system.

This high school opened in the buildings of the former Canarsie High School, which was closed due to poor performance and graduated its last class in 2011.  The school will share its facilities with the Urban Action Academy and the High School for Innovation in Advertising and Media.  The school is set to focus on training its students for a pre-medical and pre-health sciences curriculum, including the nursing and pharmacy fields.   Students will be required to complete 50 hours of community service in nursing homes, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and medical offices.  The school has partnerships with the Bristol Meyers Squibb and Duane Reade pharmaceutical firms.

Community service
Community service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community. In many cases, people doing community service are compensated in other ways, such as getting a lunch for free. In many countries, there are programs to incite people to do community service. In some cases, it is possible to replace a criminal justice sanctions with community service; there may also be school or class requirements. Obtaining certain benefits may be linked to doing some form of community service. For all these reasons, it is distinct from volunteering.
Sandwich Fault Zone
The Sandwich Fault Zone is a fault zone that runs northwest from Oswego to Ogle County, transecting Lee County in Northern Illinois. The fault has generally not been active, although a minor earthquake was reported in 2002 and 2010. On July 15, 2024, at 0253hrs CST a 3.4 magnitude earthquake was recorded with an epicenter roughly 2 km North West of Somonauk, Il. It has a largely 400 to 600-foot vertical displacement, although parts can reach up to an 800-foot displacement, and is likely a configuration of several smaller faults, varying in both direction and displacement.

Ogle County, Illinois
Ogle County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 51,788. Its county seat is Oregon, and its largest city is Rochelle. Ogle County comprises Rochelle, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rockford-Freeport-Rochelle, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Toroa
Toroa can refer to:

Northern royal albatross

Southern royal albatross

Toroa (ferry), an Auckland, New Zealand, passenger ferry

Toroa (leafhopper), a leafhopper genus in the tribe Erythroneurini

Toroa (Mātaatua), captain of the Mātaatua waka

Toroa (sculpture), a 1989 sculpture by Peter Nicholls in Dunedin, New Zealand

Northern royal albatross
The northern royal albatross or toroa, (Diomedea sanfordi) is a large seabird in the albatross family. It was split from the closely related southern royal albatross as recently as 1998, though not all scientists support that conclusion and some consider both of them to be subspecies of the royal albatross.
Hypoxemia
Hypoxemia (also spelled hypoxaemia) is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood. More specifically, it is oxygen deficiency in arterial blood. Hypoxemia is usually caused by  pulmonary disease. Sometimes the concentration of oxygen in the air is decreased leading to hypoxemia.

Asphyxia
Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects all the tissues and organs, some more rapidly than others. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by the inability of a person to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death. In 2015, about 9.8 million cases of unintentional suffocation occurred which resulted in 35,600 deaths. The word asphyxia is from Ancient Greek α- "without" and σφύξις sphyxis, "squeeze" (throb of heart).
Ste. Anne's Hospital
Ste. Anne's Hospital (French: Hôpital Sainte-Anne) is a hospital located in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada. It primarily serves veterans of the Canadian Forces and is specialized in long-term and geriatric care. It also treats younger veterans for operational stress injuries and post-traumatic stress disorder. The hospital has 446 beds in private rooms and underwent an extensive renovation in 2009.

Veterans Affairs Canada
Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC; French: Anciens Combattants Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada with responsibility for pensions, benefits and services for military veterans, former and current members of the Canadian Armed Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), their families, as well as some civilians.
Amy Bockerstette
Amy Bockerstette (born October 15, 1998) is an American competitive amateur golfer and disabilities advocate with Down syndrome. She is the first person with Down syndrome to both receive an athletic scholarship to attend college and also to compete in a national collegiate championship.

Athletic scholarship
An athletic scholarship is a form of scholarship to attend a college or university or a private high school awarded to an individual based predominantly on their ability to play in a sport. Athletic scholarships are common in the United States and to a certain extent in Canada, but in the vast majority of countries in the world they are rare or non-existent.
Stansbury Peninsula
Stansbury Peninsula (62°14′24″S 58°59′51″W﻿ / ﻿62.24008°S 58.99758°W﻿ / -62.24008; -58.99758) is an ice-free peninsula on the north coast of Nelson Island between Edgell Bay and Fildes Strait, in the South Shetland Islands. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geological work, 1975–76, after Michael J. Stansbury, Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) meteorologist at Grytviken, 1958–59, and Base Leader at Admiralty Bay, 1959–60. A later Polish Antarctic Expedition called this feature "Wzgorze Helikoptera" or "Helicopter Hills" in reference to successful helicopter landings in the 1980–81 season.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Stansbury Peninsula". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands)
Admiralty Bay is an irregular bay, 8 km (5 mi) wide at its entrance between Demay Point and Martins Head, indenting the southern coast of King George Island for 16 km (10 mi), in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name appears on a map of 1822 by Captain George Powell, a British sailor, and is now established in international usage. The Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station is situated on the bay, as is the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base. It has been designated an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 1).
William Dean (clergyman)
Rev. William Dean (1719 - July 9, 1748) was an Irish born Presbyterian clergyman and Evangelist Old Side minister who was best known as “the apostle of Virginia." In 1745 he became one of the first ministers to lead revivals to slaves, Native Americans and poor farmers in the Virginia Valley including at Rockbridge, Augusta County, and the James River. Upon his death, Samuel Davies resumed his work in Virginia from 1748 - 1749.

Old Side–New Side controversy
The Old Side–New Side controversy occurred within the Presbyterian Church in Colonial America and was part of the wider theological controversy surrounding the First Great Awakening. The Old and New Side Presbyterians existed as separate churches from 1741 until 1758. The name of Old Side–New Side is usually meant as specifically referring to the Presbyterian Church. When one is referring to the debate as a whole, Old and New Light is usually used.
Novosvitlivka, Luhansk Oblast
Novosvitlivka (Ukrainian: Новосві́тлівка; Russian: Новосветловка, Novosvetlovka) is a rural settlement in Molodohvardiisk urban hromada, Luhansk Raion, Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. The settlement is on the main Luhansk–Krasnodon highway, between Khryashchuvate and Izvaryne. Population: 3,648 (2022 estimate), 3,711 (2013 est.).

Since 2014, Krasnodon Raion, including Novosvitlivka, has been controlled by forces of the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR / LNR).
Following the 2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, Russia has claimed the settlement as part of their LNR / LPR.

Izvaryne
Izvaryne (Ukrainian: Ізварине; Russian: Изварино, romanized: Izvarino) is a rural settlement located on the E40 highway in Sorokyne urban hromada, Dovzhansk Raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast in Ukraine. It is also an important road and railway crossing point on the Ukrainian side of the Russia–Ukraine border. There are facilities at the crossing for motorcars, lorries, and trains.

Izvaryne lies across from the Russian town of Donetsk in Rostov Oblast, not to be confused with the Ukrainian city of Donetsk. Population: 1,560 (2022 estimate), 1,692 (2013 est.).

The settlement came under the control of the Luhansk People's Republic in mid-2014. Following the 2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, Russia has claimed the settlement as part of their LPR / LNR.
Blakistonia tariae
Blakistonia tariae is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2018 by Australian arachnologists Sophie Harrison, Michael Rix, Mark Harvey and Andrew Austin. The specific epithet tariae honours Tari Pawlyk for her environmental work in the Western Australian Goldfields and her love of the Esperance beaches.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Nilüfer Belediyespor (women's volleyball)
Nilüfer Belediyespor Women’s Volleyball is the women's volleyball section of Turkish sports club Nilüfer Belediyespor in Bursa, Turkey. Founded in 1999 in Nilüfer district. The team is playing its home matches at the Bursa Atatürk Sport Hall.

Nilüfer, Bursa
Nilüfer (Turkish: [nilyˈfæɾ]) is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 552 km2, and its population is 536,365 (2022). Established in 1987, it is one of the seventeen districts of Bursa Province. It is established as the main residential development area of Bursa in order to meet the housing needs as well as industrial and commercial structures.
Magoula, Attica
Magoula (Greek: Μαγούλα) is a suburban town of Athens and former community (pop. 4,992 in 2011) of West Attica, located in the Thriasio Plain. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Elefsina, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 18.134 km2.

Magoula is located 2 km east of Mandra, 5 km north of Elefsina and 21 km northwest of central Athens. The municipal unit of Magoúla also includes the village of Néos Póntos. Magoula is served by a station on the Athens Airport–Patras railway. The A6 motorway runs southeast of the town.

West Attica
West Attica (Greek: Δυτική Αττική) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Attica. The regional unit covers the western part of the agglomeration of Athens, and the area to its west.
Cephalotaxus griffithii
Cephalotaxus griffithii, commonly called Griffith's plum yew, is a coniferous shrub or small tree growing to 20 m (66 ft) tall in the family Taxaceae. It is native to northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland), northern Myanmar and western Sichuan in China. The species is named after the British botanist William Griffith.

William Griffith (botanist)
William Griffith FLS (4 March 1810 – 9 February 1845) was a British doctor, naturalist, and botanist. 
Griffith's botanical publications are from India and Burma.  After a brief stay in Madras, he was assigned as a Civil Surgeon to Tenasserim, Burma, where he studied local plants and made collecting trips to the Barak River valley in Assam. He explored various parts of Burma, traveling the rivers, including the Irrawadi as far as Rangoon. He visited the highlands of Sikkim, and the region of the Himalayas around Shimla. Subsequently, Griffith was appointed as Civil Surgeon in Malacca, where he died of a parasitic liver disease.
Thorang Assembly constituency
Thorang is one of the 40 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram state in India.

It is part of Lunglei district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2023, it is represented by R. Rohmingliana of the Mizo National Front party.

Mizo National Front
The Mizo National Front (abbr. MNF) is a regional political party in Mizoram, India. MNF emerged from the Mizo National Famine Front, which was formed by Pu Laldenga to protest against the inaction of the Government of India towards the 1959 famine in the Mizo areas of the Assam state. It staged a major uprising in 1966, followed by years of underground activities. In 1986, it signed the Mizoram Accord with the Government of India, renouncing secession and violence. The MNF then began contesting elections and has formed state government in Mizoram three times. It is currently the state's opposition party, with its president, Zoramthanga, as the Former Chief Minister of Mizoram.
2021 Q School
The 2021 Q School was a series of three snooker tournaments held at the start of the 2021–22 snooker season. An event for amateur players, it served as a qualification event for a place on the professional World Snooker Tour for the following two seasons. The events took place in May and June 2021 at the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre in Sheffield, England with a total 14 players qualifying via the three tournaments and the Order of Merit.

Peter Lines
Peter Lines (born 11 December 1969) is an English former professional snooker player. He has reached the semi-finals of one ranking tournament, the 2018 Paul Hunter Classic. He reached his highest ranking, 42nd in the world, in 1999. He is the father of professional snooker player Oliver Lines. In January 2022, he won the 2022 UK Seniors Championship, part of the World Seniors Tour.
Reidar Sørensen
Reidar Sørensen (born 11 April 1956) is a Norwegian actor. He was born in Hemnesberget. He has worked at various theatres, including Trøndelag Teater, Det Norske Teatret, Riksteatret, Nordland Teater and Agder Teater. He was given the Amanda Award in 1989 for Himmelplaneten. He played the detective "Cato Isaksen" in several TV crime series based on novels by Unni Lindell. He has played in several drama films, including Byttinger from 1991, Ti kniver i hjertet from 1995, Brent av frost from 1997, and 1732 Høtten from 1998. He played the character "Gaston" in Torun Lian's film for young adults Ikke naken in 2004, and "Viktor" in Gunnar Vikene's film Trigger in 2006. He was assigned theatre director at Nordland Teater from 2008.

In 2010 he played the character "Jordan" in Bent Hamer's Home for Christmas.

Byttinger
Byttinger (English: Changelings) is a 1991 Norwegian drama film directed by Sigve Endresen, starring Bjarte Hjelmeland and Stig Henrik Hoff. A group of seven inner-city youths are given the choice between prison and a rehabilitation camp in the countryside. The two social workers who follow them there believe that the fresh air and beautiful scenery will have a positive influence on them. During an excursion to a glacier the group gets trapped, and the kids have to use all their street smarts to get out.