hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bad Boy (1939 film)
Bad Boy is a 1939 American film directed by Herbert Meyer written by Richard C. Kahn, edited by Roy Luby produced by gateway production, John H. Greenhalgh Jr. Cinematographer and music by Paul Marquardt. Bad Boy was released on 10 July 1939. The film is also known as Perilous Journey in the United Kingdom.

Richard C. Kahn
Richard C. Kahn (January 26, 1897 – January 28, 1960) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer known for his B movies of the 1930s and early 1940s.  Though white, he often worked with an all-black cast.

He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. His feature films include Secret Menace (1931),  The Third Sex (1934), Two-Gun Man from Harlem (1938), The Bronze Buckaroo (1939), Harlem Rides the Range (1939), Son of Ingagi (1940),  Buzzy Rides the Range (1940), Buzzy and the Phantom Pinto (1941) and Guns Don't Argue (1957) (with Bill Karn). In 1955 he directed an episode of Grand Ole Opry, and in 1958 he directed two episodes of Sky King, "Rodeo Decathlon" and "The Brain and the Brawn".

He produced three Herbert Jeffrey films.

Kahn died in 1960 in Hollywood, California.
Motoyama-ji
The Shippōzan Motoyama-ji (Japanese: 七宝山 本山寺) is a Shingon Buddhist temple of the Kōyasan sect in Mitoyo, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It was established by Emperor Heizei's order in 807. Hayagriva is a principal image. The temple has undergone several reconstruction efforts since its founding, including the rebuilding of its Main Hall (which is a National Treasure of Japan) in 1300.

Motoyama-ji is temple No.70 in the Shikoku Pilgrimage.

Kōyasan Shingon-shū
Kōyasan Shingon-shū (高野山真言宗) is a Japanese sect of Shingon Buddhism. Headquartered on Mount Kōya in Wakayama Prefecture, it is also the oldest and largest of the eighteen Shingon sects in Japan. The main temple is Kongōbu-ji. As of 2007, there are nearly 4,000 affiliated Kōyasan Shingon-shū temples in and beyond Japan. There are missions in North America and Hawai'i specifically that function as non-profit arms of the section.
Fazio (play)
Fazio is a tragedy by the British writer Henry Hart Milman. It was first published in 1815. An unauthorised adaptation was performed at the Surrey Theatre under the title The Italian Wife. Another unauthorised version was performed at the Theatre Royal, Bath. In 1818 Milman granted permission for the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden to stage the play. It premiered there on 5 February 1818. It starred Charles Kemble as Giraldi Fazio, Elizabeth O'Neill as Bianca, Daniel Egerton as the Duke of Florence, Charles Mathews as Gonsalvo, William Blanchard as Bartolo, Harriet Faucit as Aldabella and Charles Connor as Falsetto. A first Dublin performance took place at the Crow Street Theatre on 6 April 1818. Fanny Kemble later played Bianca in Britain and America, where she appeared at the Park Theatre in 1832. It was revived on both sides of the Atlantic over the following decades.

Surrey Theatre
The Surrey Theatre, London  began life in 1782 as the Royal Circus and Equestrian Philharmonic Academy, one of the many circuses that provided entertainment of both horsemanship and drama (hippodrama).  It stood in Blackfriars Road, near the junction with Westminster Bridge Road, just south of the River Thames in what is now the London Borough of Southwark.
Maull House
Maull House, also known as the Thomas Maull House, is a historic home located at Lewes, Sussex County, Delaware. It dates to about 1730, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, with attic, cypress sheathed frame dwelling with a gambrel roof. It measures 30 feet by 16 feet. A rear wing was added about 1890. It is the oldest Lewes building in its original location and with the least alterations.  Adjacent to the house is a section of the Lewes and Rehoboth Canal where a dock for the pilots' boats would have been. In 1803, Jérôme Bonaparte and his bride, Betsy Patterson, were shipwrecked off Lewes and entertained at the Maull House.  Joseph Maull (1781–1846) served as Governor of Delaware from March 2, 1846, until his death on May 3, 1846.  The house remained in the Maull family until 1957, and was obtained by the Colonel David Hall Chapter, National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, in 1962.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, with a boundary increase in 1978.

Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte
Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte (February 6, 1785 – April 4, 1879) was an American socialite. She was the daughter of Baltimore merchant William Patterson and the first wife of Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon's youngest brother.
August Eisenlohr
August Adolf Eisenlohr (6 October 1832, Mannheim – 24 February 1902, Heidelberg) was a German Egyptologist.

He studied theology and sciences at the universities of Heidelberg and Göttingen, and spent several years involved in the chemical manufacturing business. In 1862 he introduced a process for producing aniline blue. In 1865 he resumed his education, taking classes in Egyptian language studies. In 1869 he received his habilitation for Egyptology at Heidelberg and in 1869/70 conducted research in Egypt. In 1885 he became an honorary professor at the University of Heidelberg, where he taught classes in Egyptian archaeology and Semitic languages.

In 1877 he was the first to publish an edition of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, considered to be the most important mathematical text discovered in Egypt.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
Tendler
Tendler is a predominantly Yiddish derived Ashkenazi Jewish surname originating in-part to Bessarabia (now Moldova)  in the region previously known as the Pale of Settlement. Until the 19th century, in the Bavarian-Austrian region, Tendler was a professional name for small and haberdashery traders as well as itinerant peddlers or traveling traders. Notable individuals with the surname include:

Annamarie Tendler, American multimedia artist known for her work in photography and textiles

Keren Tendler (died 2006), Israeli first female helicopter flight mechanic

Lew Tendler (1898–1970), American boxer

Michael Tendler (born 1947), Russian-Swedish physicist

Moshe David Tendler, rabbi and biology professor, expert in Jewish medical ethics

Saul Tendler, British pharmacy academic

Silvio Tendler (1950–2025), Brazilian filmmaker

Susan Tendler, American rabbi

Keren Tendler
Keren Tendler (Hebrew: קרן טנדלר; September 26, 1979 - August 12, 2006) was Israel's first female helicopter flight mechanic soon after a court allowed women to serve in combat positions.

She was the first female Israeli soldier to die on active duty since the killing of Keren Ya’akobi in Hebron in December 2002. Tendler was killed during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, along with four other crew members, when their helicopter, a CH-53 Sea Stallion Yas'ur, was shot down upon lifting off in Lebanon. A fund was established in her name to help other young women become flight mechanics.
Arthur C. Gooding
Arthur C. Gooding (June 20, 1871 – August 9, 1971) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Rochester, Minnesota, Gooding graduated from Rochester High School. He was in the banking business. During World War I, Gooding was the food and fuel administrators. He also served on the Minnesota War Council for Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gooding served on the Rochester Library board. he also served on the Rochester School Board. From 1916 to 1917, Gooding served as the Minnesota State Treasurer and was a Republican. From 1919 to 1922, Gooding served in the Minnesota State Senate. Gooding died in a hospital in Rochester, Minnesota.

Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States. It is the county seat. It is located along rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota. The population was 121,395 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 123,624 in 2024, making it the third-most populous city in Minnesota. The Rochester metropolitan area has an estimated 230,000 residents. The city is the home and birthplace of Mayo Clinic.

Rochester first developed as a stagecoach stop between Dubuque, Iowa, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. With the creation of the Mayo Clinic in 1864, Rochester became a national center for healthcare, as well as a hub for regional agriculture.  For higher education needs the University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester Community and Technical College, and Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine are located in the city.
Kourerpeton
Kourerpeton is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl. Fossils of Kourerpeton were discovered in a window of a barber's shop in either Bisbee or Mesa, Arizona. Kourerpeton was named in 1976, with the type and only species being K. bradyi. It was originally assigned to the monotypic family Kourerpetidae, which has been alternatively spelled Kourerpetontidae.

Guadalupian
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 274.4 ± 0.4 – 259.51 ± 0.21 Mya. The series saw the rise of the therapsids, a minor extinction event called Olson's Extinction and a significant mass extinction called the end-Capitanian extinction event. The Guadalupian is also known as the Middle Permian.
Howa Type 89
The Howa Type 89 assault rifle (89式小銃, hachi-kyū-shiki-shōjū), referred to as the Type 89 5.56 mm rifle (89式5.56mm小銃, hachi-kyū-shiki-go-ten-go-roku-miri-shōjū), is a Japanese assault rifle used by the Japan Self-Defense Forces, the Japan Coast Guard's Special Security Team units,  and the Special Assault Team. It has never been exported outside Japan due to its strict Japanese arms-export ban. It is known in JGSDF service as the Hachikyū (a Japanese reading of the number 89) or by its nickname Buddy.

The Type 89 was introduced to replace the Howa Type 64 battle rifle in frontline units, entering service in 1989. It has remained Japan's principal service rifle since then. Small numbers of the Type 89's successor, the Howa Type 20, were purchased in 2020. The Type 20 is intended to supplement and eventually replace the Type 89.

Japanese arms-export ban
The Japanese arms-export ban, known as the Three Arms Exports Ban, was a de facto law that governed Japanese export of military hardware outside of the country. The export ban was eased on 1 April 2014 by Shinzo Abe during his second term as prime minister.

The basis of the ban was the Three Principles on Arms Exports (Japanese: 武器輸出三原則, romanized: Buki-yushutsu-sangensoku) adopted by the National Diet of Japan in 1967 dealing with situations in which arms could not be exported from Japan. The three principles were that arms exports were not allowed to go to:

Communist bloc countries

Countries under arms-exports embargo under United Nations Security Council resolutions

Countries involved in or likely to be involved in international conflicts
Konstantinos Lagoumitzis
Konstantinos Lagoumitzis (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Λαγουμιτζής; c. 1781 – 1851) was a Greek revolutionary during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1830), famous for his ability to dig tunnels during sieges.

Lagoumitzis was born in the village of Hormovo, in modern Albania, then part of the Ottoman Empire; though, his family was originally from the village of Lekli. His real surname was either Papakyriakos (Παπακυριάκος) or Dalaropoulos (Νταλαρόπουλος), but he was also called Hormovitis (Χορμοβίτης; from Hormovo). He is mainly known as Lagoumitzis (sapper) due to his successful ability to dig tunnels (Greek: λαγούμια, romanized: lagoúmia) beneath the camps of enemies and blow them up.

His successes during the siege of Messolonghi and the siege of the Acropolis (1826–27), made him famous. During these sieges, Lagoumitzis successfully countermined the Turkish besiegers.

He died in Athens, in 1851; the Greek state paid for his funeral.

Third siege of Missolonghi
The third siege of Missolonghi (Greek: Τρίτη Πολιορκία του Μεσολογγίου, often erroneously referred to as the second siege) was fought in the Greek War of Independence, between the Ottoman Empire and the Greek rebels, from 15 April 1825 to 10 April 1826. The Ottomans had already tried and failed to capture the city in 1822 and 1823, but returned in 1825 with a stronger force of infantry and a stronger navy supporting the infantry. The Greeks held out for almost a year before they ran out of food and attempted a mass breakout, which however resulted in a disaster, with the larger part of the Greeks slain. This defeat was a key factor leading to intervention by the Great Powers who, hearing about the atrocities, felt sympathetic to the Greek cause. Their support would prove decisive in helping the Greeks win the war and gain independence.
Coronation of the Emperor of Brazil
The emperors of Brazil were solemnly blessed, anointed, and crowned, invested with the other items of  the imperial regalia and enthroned, according to the usages of the Catholic Church, the Empire's official, established Church. The coronation of the Brazilian monarch confirmed the accession of a new emperor to the throne, and corresponded to similar rites that took place in other Christian monarchies. The two Brazilian emperors, Pedro I and Pedro II, underwent the ceremony of coronation on 1 December 1822 and 18 July 1841, respectively. Those remain the two sole acts of coronation that took place in the South American continent.

Paço de São Cristóvão
Paço de São Cristóvão (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpasu d(ʒi) sɐ̃w kɾisˈtɔvɐ̃w]; English: Palace of Saint Christopher; also known as Palácio Imperial or Palácio Imperial de São Cristóvão) was an imperial palace located in the Quinta da Boa Vista park in the Imperial Neighbourhood of São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It served as residence to the Portuguese royal family and later to the Brazilian imperial family until 1889, when the country became a republic through a coup d'état deposing Emperor Pedro II. The palace briefly served as a public building by the provisional government for the constituent assembly of the first republican constitution. It housed the major part (92.5%) of the collections of the National Museum of Brazil, which, together with the building, were largely destroyed by a fire on 2 September 2018. The palace was reopened after restoration in 2025.
Wiederkehr
Wiederkehr is a Swiss-German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christoph Wiederkehr, Austrian politician

Daniel Wiederkehr (born 1989), Swiss rower

Gustav Wiederkehr (1905–1972), Swiss football administrator

Josef Wiederkehr (born 1970), Swiss businessman and politician

Johann Andreas Wiederkehr, Swiss-American winemaker

Christoph Wiederkehr
Christoph Wiederkehr (born 12 April 1990) is an Austrian politician of the NEOS. Since March 2025, he has served as Minister for Education in the Stocker government. He previously served as vice-mayor and deputy governor of Vienna from 2020 to 2025.
Industrial espionage
Industrial espionage, also known as economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage, refers to the systematic and unauthorized acquisition of sensitive business information. This practice typically targets trade secrets, proprietary operational data, and intellectual property belonging to competitors or other organizations. The information is gathered with the intent to gain a competitive advantage, facilitate business decision-making, or for commercial sale to interested parties. Industrial espionage is conducted by various actors, including current or former employees, contractors, corporate competitors, foreign governments, and criminal organizations, and is universally recognized as both illegal and unethical.

While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.

Competitive advantage
In business, a competitive advantage is an attribute that allows an organization to outperform its competitors.

A competitive advantage may include access to natural resources, such as high-grade ores or a low-cost power source, highly skilled labor, geographic location, high entry barriers, and access to new technology and to proprietary information.
Project MyWorld
Project MyWorld is a 3D mapping SDK (software development kit) that started as a video game developed by Realtime Worlds. When Realtime Worlds closed in September 2010, Project MyWorld was sold to Kimble Operations (formerly known as Newincco 1027) for less than £3 million. The head of interactive media at Revolver PR believed that it could have been worth "hundreds of millions of pounds."

Realtime Worlds
Realtime Worlds Ltd. (formerly Rage Games (Scotland) Limited and Real Time Worlds Ltd.) was a British video game developer based in Dundee. The studio was formed in February 2000 when Rage Software hired David Jones to lead its Scottish operations. In March 2002, a financially stricken Rage Software sold the studio to Jones, who renamed it Real Time Worlds. After developing Crackdown (2007) and APB: All Points Bulletin (2009), Realtime Worlds filed for administration in August 2010.
Norfolkline
Norfolkline was a European ferry operator and logistics company owned by Maersk. It provided freight ferry services on the English Channel, Irish Sea, and the North Sea; and passenger ferry services on the English Channel and Irish Sea; and logistics services across Europe. Norfolkline employed more than 2,200 employees in 13 countries across Europe, operating out of 35 different locations.

Norfolkline operated 18 vessels and over 550 refrigerated trailers (including 200 with dual compartment units), 1,750 dry-cargo trailers, and 1,150 swap-body trailers for intermodal freight transport. In 2006 more than 1.5 million passengers used Norfolkline's ferry services across the English Channel between Dover and Dunkirk and on the Irish Sea (between Liverpool and Belfast & Liverpool and Dublin) and over 1.2 million freight movements were completed.

In July 2010, DFDS acquired Norfolkline; The Norfolkline routes and vessels were integrated into DFDS Seaways.

Felixstowe
Felixstowe (/ˈfiːlɪkstoʊ/ FEE-lic-stoh) is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The estimated population in 2017 was 24,521. The Port of Felixstowe is the largest container port in the United Kingdom. Felixstowe is approximately 72 miles (116 km) northeast of London.
NK Novi Travnik
Football Club Novi Travnik (Bosnian: Nogometni klub Novi Travnik) is a football club from Novi Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, currently playing in the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - West.

Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Травник) is a city located in the Central Bosnia Canton within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of the 2013 census, it had a population of 9,008, while the entire municipality had 23,832 inhabitants. The city is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse demographic composition, primarily consisting of Bosniaks and Croats.
Patsy Reddy
Dame Patricia Lee Reddy GNZM CVO QSO DStJ (born 17 May 1954) is a New Zealand lawyer and businesswoman who served as the 21st governor-general of New Zealand from 2016 to 2021.

Before becoming governor-general, Reddy was a partner of a law firm, headed a major review of intelligence agencies, held multiple directorships, chaired the New Zealand Film Commission and worked as a chief negotiator on Treaty of Waitangi settlements. Prime Minister John Key advised the Queen to appoint Reddy to succeed Sir Jerry Mateparae as the Queen's representative, and Reddy was sworn in for a five-year term on 28 September 2016.

Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements
Claims by Māori based on historic grievances against the Crown, and the claims' subsequent settlements, have been a significant feature of New Zealand politics since the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 and the Waitangi Tribunal that it established to hear those claims. Successive governments have increasingly provided formal legal and political opportunity for Māori to seek redress for what Maori claim were breaches by the Crown of obligations set out in the Treaty of Waitangi. While it has resulted in putting to rest a number of significant longstanding grievances, the process has been subject to criticisms.
2007 Singapore AWOL incident
On 2 September 2007, 20-year-old Corporal Dave Teo Ming (张铭 Zhāng Míng), a full-time National Serviceman from the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), went absent without official leave (AWOL) from Mandai Hill Camp and deserted his unit with a SAR-21 assault rifle and eight live 5.56mm rounds. Teo was arrested at a shopping mall in Orchard Road after a 20-hour manhunt and he was charged with possessing a rifle and live rounds of ammunition under the Arms Offences Act. It was alleged that Teo escaped camp and intended to use the rifle to murder his ex-girlfriend and several other people he hated in his life. In July 2008, Teo was put on trial, convicted and sentenced to nine years and two months' jail and 18 strokes of the cane. During February of that same year, Teo's accomplice Ong Boon Jun (王文俊 Wáng Wénjùn) was also given a sentence of 78 months' jail with six strokes of the cane for consorting with Teo who illegally possessed a firearm.

Ministry of Defence (Singapore)
The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF; Malay: Kementerian Pertahanan; Chinese: 新加坡國防部; Tamil: தற்காப்பு அமைச்சு) is a ministry under the Government of Singapore responsible for overseeing the national defence of Singapore.
Essam El-Gindy
Essam El-Gindy (also known as Essam El-Gendy and Esam Mohamed Ahmed Nagib; born 14 July 1966) is an Egyptian chess Grandmaster and FIDE Trainer.

He is a former Egyptian Champion (2002), African Champion (2003) and has represented Egypt in three Chess Olympiads (1996, 1998, 2014). He has competed at two FIDE World Chess Championships (1999, 2004) and seven Chess World Cups (2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2017, 2019, 2021).

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Chooch Helped
Chooch Helped is a 2024 picture book about a brother and sister in Cherokee society who struggle to get along. The book was written by Andrea L. Rogers and illustrated by Rebecca Lee Kunz, both citizens of Cherokee Nation. It was awarded the 2025 Caldecott Medal.

Cherokee society
Cherokee society is the culture and societal structures shared by the Cherokee people. The Cherokee people are Indigenous to the mountain and inland regions of the southeastern United States in the areas of present-day North Carolina, and historically in South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Northern Mountainous areas, now called the Blue Ridge Mountains of Georgia and its lowlands. The majority of the tribe was forcibly removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) in the winter of 1838-1839.

The three federally recognized Cherokee tribes are: the Cherokee Nation (CN); the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (UKB); and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI), consisting of the Cherokees who remained in North Carolina after the Trail of Tears.