hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saturation arithmetic
Saturation arithmetic is a version of arithmetic in which all operations, such as addition and multiplication, are limited to a fixed range between a minimum and maximum value.

If the result of an operation is greater than the maximum, it is set ("clamped") to the maximum; if it is below the minimum, it is clamped to the minimum. The name comes from how the value becomes "saturated" once it reaches the extreme values; further additions to a maximum or subtractions from a minimum will not change the result.

Eiffel (programming language)
Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software. Meyer conceived the language in 1985 with the goal of increasing the reliability of commercial software development. The first version was released in 1986. In 2005, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) released a technical standard for Eiffel.

The design of the language is closely connected with the Eiffel programming method. Both are based on a set of principles, including design by contract, command–query separation, the uniform-access principle, the single-choice principle, the open–closed principle, and option–operand separation.

Many concepts initially introduced by Eiffel were later added into Java, C#, and other languages. New language design ideas, particularly through the Ecma/ISO standardization process, continue to be incorporated into the Eiffel language.
Commodate
A commodate (Latin: commodatum), also known as loan for use, in civil law and Scots Law is a gratuitous loan; a loan, or free concession of anything moveable or immoveable, for a certain timeframe, on condition of restoring again the same individual after a certain time.

It is a kind of loan, or contract, with one difference: the commodate is gratis, and does not transfer the property; the thing must be returned in essence, and without deterioration, so that things which consume by use, or time, cannot be objects of a commodate, but of a loan, because although they may be returned in kind, they cannot in identity.

Personal property
Personal property is property that is movable. In common law systems, personal property may also be called chattels or personalty. In civil law systems, personal property is often called movable property or movables—any property that can be moved from one location to another.

Personal property can be understood in comparison to real estate, immovable property or real property (such as land and buildings).

Movable property on land (larger livestock, for example) was not automatically sold with the land; it was "personal" to the owner and moved with the owner.

The word cattle is the Old Norman variant of Old French chatel, chattel (derived from Latin capitalis, "of the head"), which was once synonymous with general movable personal property.
Joanna Killian
Joanna Elizabeth Killian (born June 1965) is a local government official, who has been Chief Executive of the Local Government Association since March 2024.

A graduate of Keele University, she was Chief Executive of Essex County Council from 2006 to 2015, and worked at KPMG prior to being appointed Chief Executive of Surrey County Council.

Appointed Chair of Trustees of St Mungo's (charity) (Homeless Charity) in September 2021.

Joanna was awarded an OBE in the New Years Honours List 2025

Essex County Council
Essex County Council is the county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Essex in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county; the non-metropolitan county excludes Southend-on-Sea and Thurrock which are both administered as separate unitary authorities. The county council has 75 councillors, elected from 70 divisions, and has been under Conservative majority control since 2001. The council meets at County Hall in the centre of Chelmsford.
Laura Bradford
Laura Bradford (born January 9, 1957) was a legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Republican in 2008, Bradford represented House District 55, which encompasses northern portions of Mesa County and northern Grand Junction from 2008 to 2013.

Mesa County, Colorado
Mesa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 155,703, making Mesa County the most populous county in western Colorado, and 11th most populous in the state. The county seat and most populous municipality is Grand Junction. The county was named for the many large mesas in the area, including the Grand Mesa, which is the largest flat-topped mountain in the world.

Mesa County comprises the Grand Junction, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, it ranked as the 271st most populous metropolitan area in the United States. It is the only metropolitan area in Colorado not located on the Front Range.
Mudie
Mudie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Edward Mudie (1818–1890), English publisher

George Mudie (politician) (born 1945), British politician

George Mudie (cricketer) (1915–2002), West Indian cricketer

George Mudie (social reformer) (born 1788), Scottish advocate of co-operativism, journalist, and publisher

Harold Bolingbroke Mudie (1880–1916), British esperantist

Harry Mudie (born circa 1940), Jamaican record producer

Ian Mudie (1911–1976), Australian poet

Jackie Mudie (1930–1992), Scottish international footballer

James Mudie (1779–1852), Scottish-born free settler of Australia

Jenny Mudie, Scottish cricketer

Francis Mudie (1890–1976), British administrator in British India

Leonard Mudie (1883–1965), British-born character actor

Robert Mudie (1777–1842) Scottish author

Thomas Molleson Mudie (1809–1876), British composer

William Henry Mudie (1830–1903), Australian priest and educator

Robert Mudie
Robert Mudie (28 June 1777– 29 April 1842) was a British newspaper editor, journalist, and author. He wrote books on a wide range of subjects including mathematics and astronomy, English history, geography and life. He was also a keen naturalist and wrote several books on natural history including on British birdlife. As a journalist, his reporting has been suggested as a possible inspiration for Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist.
Rebekah Stewart
Rebekah Stewart is an American politician who was elected member of the Colorado House of Representatives for the 30th district in 2024.

Stewart is the first board-certified music therapist elected to office in Colorado. She was a member of Lakewood City Council.

Lakewood, Colorado
Lakewood is the home rule city that is the most populous municipality in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 155,984 at the 2020 U.S. census, making Lakewood the fifth most populous city in Colorado and the 167th most populous city in the United States. Lakewood is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.

The city has a notable student population, as it is home to three higher education institutions: Colorado Christian University, Red Rocks Community College and Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design. Lakewood is also home to the Denver Federal Center, which houses the largest concentration of federal agencies outside of Washington, D.C.
General Lee (car)
The General Lee (sometimes referred to as simply "the General") is an orange 1969 Dodge Charger driven in the television series The Dukes of Hazzard by the characters the Duke boys, Bo and Luke, along with cousins Coy and Vance (in season 5). It is known for its signature horn, its police chases, stunts—especially its long jumps—and for having its doors welded shut, leaving the Dukes to climb in and out through the windows. The car appears in every episode but one ("Mary Kaye's Baby"). The car's name is a reference to Robert E. Lee, general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It bears a Confederate battle flag on its roof, and also has a horn which plays the first 12 notes of the song "Dixie".

The idea for the General Lee was developed from the bootlegger Jerry Rushing's car, which was named for Lee's favorite horse, Traveller. Traveller was also the name of the car in Moonrunners, the 1975 movie precursor to The Dukes of Hazzard.

Rum-running
Rum-running, or bootlegging, is the illegal business of smuggling alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law. The term rum-running is more commonly applied to smuggling over water; bootlegging is applied to smuggling over land.

Smuggling circumvents alcohol taxes and outright prohibition of alcohol sales.
Ken Coates (politician)
Kenneth Sidney Coates (16 September 1930 – 27 June 2010) was a British politician and writer. He chaired the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation (BRPF) and edited The Spokesman, the BRPF magazine launched in March 1970. He was a Member of the European Parliament from the Labour Party from 1989 to 1998 until his expulsion, and then an independent member of GUE/NGL from 1998 to 1999. Coates also played leading roles in the Institute for Workers' Control and European Nuclear Disarmament.

Tony Topham
Anthony John Topham (27 October 1929 – 2 March 2004) was a British academic and writer. He was an active trade unionist and campaigner for workers rights.

Topham was born in Hull. He was educated at Beverley Grammar School, and earned a degree in politics and economics from University of Leeds.

He was married to Karen, and they had two sons, Ralph and Nigel.
Aggenus Urbicus
Aggenus Urbicus (also Agennius Urbicus) was an ancient Roman technical writer appearing in the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum, a collection of works on land surveying from Late Antiquity. It is uncertain when he lived, but he may have been a Christian living in the later part of the 4th century, judging by expressions he uses.

Only two, fragmentary works are preserved in the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum under his name:

De controversiis agrorum ("On Land Disputes")

Commentum de agrorum qualitate ("Commentary on Land Quality"), a commentary on the work of this name by Frontinus.

The Liber Diazographus ("Multi-coloured Painter Book") attached to the Commentum is sometimes counted as a third work.

Frontinus
Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40 – 103 AD) was a Roman civil engineer, author, soldier and senator of the late 1st century AD. He was a successful general under Domitian, commanding forces in Roman Britain, and on the Rhine and Danube frontiers. A novus homo, he was consul three times. Frontinus ably discharged several important administrative duties for Nerva and Trajan. However, he is best known to the post-Classical world as an author of technical treatises, especially De aquaeductu, dealing with the aqueducts of Rome.
James Atkinson (Australian politician)
James Henry Atkinson (c. 1820 – 31 August 1873) was an English-born Australian politician.

Though his exact date of birth is unknown, it is estimated to have been around 1820 in the city of Wakefield in the county of Yorkshire. He ran a wool washing works at Botany Swamps before erecting a dam at Lachlan Swamps around 1849. He later expanded to become a fellmonger. In 1859 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Central Cumberland, serving until his resignation due to insolvency in 1863. Atkinson died at Newtown in 1873.

Electoral district of Central Cumberland
Central Cumberland was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1859 to 1894, in Cumberland County, which includes Sydney, although the then built-up areas were in other electorates. It elected two members simultaneously from 1859 to 1885, three members from 1885 to 1889 and four members from 1889 to 1894, with voters casting a vote for each vacancy. In 1894, multi-member electorates were abolished and replaced by single-member electorates.
Dămuc (river)
The Dămuc (in its upper course also: Lupul, Hungarian: Damuk, Domuk) is a right tributary of the river Bicaz in Romania. It discharges into the Bicaz in Bicaz-Chei. Its length is 24 km (15 mi) and its basin size is 150 km2 (58 sq mi).

Bicaz-Chei
Bicaz-Chei (Hungarian: Almásmező) is a commune in Neamț County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bicaz-Chei, Bârnadu (Bernádtelep), Gherman, and Ivaneș (Iványos). Bicaz-Chei is one of three communes in Neamț County (most of which is in Western Moldavia) that are part of the historic region of Transylvania.

The commune is located in the western part of the county, in the Cheile Bicazului-Hășmaș National Park, on the border with Harghita County. It is crossed by National road DN12C, which starts in Gheorgheni, Harghita County, passes by the Red Lake and through the nearby Bicaz Gorge, and then continues east to Bicaz.
Sutta Pazham
Sutta Pazham (transl. Stolen fruit) is a 2008 Indian Tamil language adult comedy thriller film directed by G. K.. The film stars Mohan and Shubha Poonja, with R. N. R. Manohar, Livingston, Manobala, Vennira Aadai Moorthy, M. S. Bhaskar, Anu Mohan, Kullamani, and Soundar playing supporting roles. The film had music by Sri Sam, cinematography by C. Maya, and editing by R. K. Udhayakumar. The film released on 25 July 2008.

Kullamani
Kullamani (1952–2013) was an Indian actor and comedian who appeared in Tamil-language films. He acted over 500 films. He is known for films like Karagattakaran, Apoorva Sagodharargal, Panakkaran, My Dear Marthandan, and many more.
Marie Valade
Marie Valade is a Canadian animator from Quebec, most noted for her 2021 short film Boobs (Lolos).

The film was the winner of the National Dada Prize at the 2021 Festival du nouveau cinéma, and was named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2021. It received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Animated Short at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards, and a Prix Iris nomination for Best Animated Short Film at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards.

She also previously directed the animated short film Interoculus, and has had animation credits on short films by other filmmakers.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian animated short film. Formerly part of the Genie Awards, since 2012 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.
Robert Lee (Lord Mayor)
Sir Robert Lee (c. 1550 – 22 December 1606) was an English merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1602.

Lee was a city of London merchant and a member of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors. On 18 December 1593,  he was elected an alderman of the City of London for Dowgate ward. He was Sheriff of London from 1594 to 1595. He became alderman for Cordwainer ward from 1599 to 1602, and for Langbourn ward from 1602 to 1605. In 1602, he was elected Lord Mayor of London. He was knighted on 22 May 1603. The Survey of London by John Stow dedicates it preface to Lee, listing him as the current Lord Mayor of London this was written in 1598 and published in 1603.

Lee married a daughter of Sir James Hawes, alderman of the City of London in 1565, and Lord Mayor in 1574. He was father of Sir Henry Lee, alderman in 1614 and father-in-law of William Gore. Following his death, his widow married Sir Thomas Gerard, 1st Baronet of Bryn.

Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors
The Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors is one of the 113 livery companies of the City of London.

The Company, originally known as the Guild and Fraternity of St John the Baptist in the City of London, was founded prior to 1300, first incorporated under a royal charter in 1327, confirmed by later charters in 1408, 1503 and 1719.

Its seat is the Merchant Taylors' Hall between Threadneedle Street and Cornhill, a site it has occupied since at least 1347. The Company's motto is Concordia Parvae Res Crescunt, from the Roman historian Sallust meaning In Harmony Small Things Grow.
Shropshire County Cricket Club
Shropshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Shropshire.

The team is a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Shropshire played List A matches occasionally from 1974 until 2005, but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club plays at Shrewsbury and around the county at Bridgnorth, Oswestry, Shifnal, Wellington, and Whitchurch.

Shifnal
Shifnal (/ʃɪfnəl/) is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England, about 4 miles (6 km) east of Telford, 17 miles (27 km) east of Shrewsbury and 13 miles (20 km) west-northwest of Wolverhampton. It is near the M54 motorway and A5 road aka Watling Street. At the 2001 census, it had a population of 6,391, increasing to 6,776 at the 2011 census.
Henry Botkin
Henry Botkin (1896-1983) was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and was a mid-century American Modernist who served as President of the Federation of Modern Painters and Sculptors from 1957 to 1961. He was an illustrator for The Saturday Evening Post, Harpers, and The Century Magazine. Botkin was a cousin and close friend to composers, George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin.

The Century Magazine
The Century Magazine was an illustrated monthly magazine first published in the United States in 1881 by The Century Company of New York City, which had been bought in that year by Roswell Smith and renamed by him after the Century Association. It was the successor of Scribner's Monthly Magazine. It was merged into The Forum in 1930.
Highgate Road railway stations
51°33′21″N 0°08′44″W﻿ / ﻿51.5559°N 0.14553°W﻿ / 51.5559; -0.14553

The Highgate Road railway stations were two adjacent but separate stations of the Tottenham and Hampstead Junction Railway in the north of Kentish Town, in St Pancras, London, now the London Borough of Camden. They were located on separate and parallel lines that joined east of the stations. The lines through both stations remain open.

London Borough of Camden
The London Borough of Camden (/ˈkæmdən/ ⓘ) is a borough in Inner London, England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross. The borough was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn,  St Pancras and Hampstead.

To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End, where it also borders the City of London. The cultural and commercial land uses in the south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in the north. Well known attractions include The British Museum, The British Library, the famous views from Parliament Hill, the London Zoo, the BT Tower, the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market. As of 2021 it has a population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council.
Seventh Church of Christ, Scientist (Seattle)
The former Seventh Church of Christ, Scientist building, located in the Queen Anne Hill neighborhood of Seattle, Washington at the corner of 8th Avenue W and W Halladay Street, is an historic Christian Science church edifice. Built in 1926, it was designed by noted Seattle architect Harlan Thomas in the Neo-Byzantine, Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial styles. It consists of two parts joined together to form an ell: the 2-story main section containing the church auditorium (the term Christian Scientists use instead of sanctuary) and a one-story wing containing the Sunday School. The main section is square but each corner has been "flattened to form an irregular octagon.

Harlan Thomas
Harlan Thomas (January 10, 1870 – September 4, 1953) was an American architect in the first half of the twentieth century.  From 1926 to the early 1940s he served as Chair of the University of Washington Department of Architecture.  He was also a noted watercolorist.
Lee Kyung-chun
Lee Kyung-chun (born 14 April 1969) is a former South Korean footballer. Lee played for Dawoo Royals, Chonbuk Buffalo, Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors in the K League. He also played as an over-aged player for South Korean under-23 team in the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Chonbuk Buffalo
Chonbuk Buffalo (Korean: 전북 버팔로) was a South Korean professional football club based in Jeonbuk. Lasting only one year in the K League, the club was the root of the Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors. However, K League and Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors officially consider Chonbuk Buffalo as a different club.
RCDE
RCDE could stand for:

Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona, a sports club in Barcelona, Spain

Roman Catholic Diocese of Erie, a catholic diocese in western Pennsylvania

Roman Catholic Diocese of Evansville, a catholic diocese in Southwestern Indiana

Diocese of Erie
The Diocese of Erie (Latin: Dioecesis Eriensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in western Pennsylvania in the United States founded in 1853. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Its mother church is St. Peter's Cathedral in Erie.
Saint-Martinois Rally
The Saint-Martinois Rally (French: Rassemblement Saint-Martinois, RSM), formerly Movement for Justice and Prosperity (French: Mouvement pour la justice et la prospérité, MJP) from 2016 to 2021 and Movement for the Advancement of the People (French: Mouvement pour l'avancement du peuple, MAP) until 2016, is a Saint-Martinois political party, previously close to the Socialist Party until 2021 and now affiliated with the Democrats parliamentary group (part of the centrist Ensemble alliance).

Ensemble (political coalition)
Ensemble (lit. 'Together', stylised in all caps), known in full as Ensemble pour la République (Together for the Republic), is a liberal political coalition in France created by Emmanuel Macron. Formed in November 2021 as Ensemble Citoyens, it makes up the presidential majority and includes Renaissance (RE, formerly known as En Marche and La République En Marche!), Democratic Movement (MoDem), Horizons, En Commun, and the Progressive Federation. The coalition included the parties Agir and Territories of Progress (TDP) until they were merged into the rebranded Renaissance. Ensemble has mainly been described as being centrist and sometimes as centre-right on the political spectrum.

After the 2022 French legislative election, the coalition won a plurality of seats but lost its majority in the National Assembly. In 2024, they were reduced further into third place in terms of votes but second in seats.