hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robustness of complex networks
Robustness, the ability to withstand failures and perturbations, is a critical attribute of many complex systems including complex networks.

The study of robustness in complex networks is important for many fields. In ecology, robustness is an important attribute of ecosystems, and can give insight into the reaction to disturbances such as the extinction of species. For biologists, network robustness can help the study of diseases and mutations, and how to recover from some mutations. In economics, network robustness principles can help understanding of the stability and risks of banking systems. And in engineering, network robustness can help to evaluate the resilience of infrastructure networks such as the Internet or power grids.

High availability
High availability (HA) is a characteristic of a system that aims to ensure an agreed level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period.

There is now more dependence on these systems as a result of modernization. For example, to carry out their regular daily tasks, hospitals and data centers need their systems to be highly available. Availability refers to the ability of the user to access a service or system, whether to submit new work, update or modify existing work, or retrieve the results of previous work. If a user cannot access the system, it is considered unavailable from the user's perspective. The term downtime is generally used to refer to describe periods when a system is unavailable.
Cordova High School
Cordova High School can refer to:

Cordova High School (Alabama), Cordova, Alabama

Cordova High School (California)

Cordova High School (Tennessee)

Cordova Junior/Senior High School (Cordova, Alaska)

Cordova High School (California)
Cordova High School is a comprehensive public high school in Rancho Cordova, California. It is one of five high schools in Folsom Cordova Unified School District.

The school opened in 1963 with the first graduating class in 1965. Prior to opening, students in Rancho Cordova attended Folsom High School.
Prakāśa
Prakāśa is a concept in Indian philosophy translated by various authors as "light", "luminosity", "shining forth", "manifestation", "splendour", "light of consciousness" and so forth.

In Buddhist philosophy, the term was used to refer to the self-reflexive nature of awareness. In late Yogacara Buddhist philosophy, prakāśa was used to refer to the true nature of mind, the luminous mind, which is the ultimate truth, the ultimate reality.

In Kashmir Shaivism prakāśa is identified with God, Śiva. Paul E. Murphy describes it as, "luminous and undifferentiated consciousness," and Paul Muller-Ortega glosses it as "primordial light beyond all manifestations". For the Shaivas, prakāśa is considered supreme, ultimate, unsurpassable, but as such it cannot be described as pure transcendence, because even though it is above all, it is still present in the manifestation, in every aspect of it. Thus prakāśa is said to be both transcendent and immanent.

Immanence
The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world. It is held by some philosophical and metaphysical theories of divine presence. Immanence is usually applied in monotheistic, pantheistic, pandeistic, or panentheistic faiths to suggest that the spiritual world permeates the mundane. It is often contrasted with theories of transcendence, in which the divine is seen to be outside the material world.

Major faiths commonly devote significant philosophical efforts to explaining the relationship between immanence and transcendence but do so in different ways, such as:

casting immanence as a characteristic of a transcendent God (common in Abrahamic religions),

subsuming immanent personal gods in a greater transcendent being (such as with Brahman in Hinduism), or

approaching the question of transcendence as something which can only be answered through an appraisal of immanence.
Song for the Leftovers
"Song for the Leftovers" is a song by A Camp, the solo project by the Cardigans lead vocalist Nina Persson. The song was released on 12 November 2001 through Stockholm as the second and final single from the project's debut studio album A Camp (2001).

Niclas Frisk
Niclas Patrik Frisk (born 1969) is a Swedish musician and the founder of Atomic Swing. He is a singer, guitarist, and composer. He started Atomic Swing after he was in Perssons Pack as the guitarist. He has worked as a producer, and wrote songs with Andreas Mattsson for Swedish artists Peter Jöback, Titiyo, Popsicle, Jerry Williams, Space Age Baby Jane, Brolle Jr, Carola, and Ainbusk He has written movie music for the films Expectations, Big Girls Don't Cry, and SÖK. Other bands he has been a member of include Sweet Chariots, A Camp, and Vanessa and the O's.

He was born in 1969 in Ludvika.
Charlie Vernon
Charlie Vernon is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for the Armagh county team, and joint head of the Loch An Iuir PE Department. He captained the Under-21 team in the 2007 season. He has a Sigerson Cup Runners Up and winners medal during his time as a player on the Queen's University Team losing in 2006 to DCU in Parnell Park and winning in 2007 at QUB playing fields, The Dub.  He made his Championship debut on 15 June 2008 against Cavan, scoring a point.  Armagh was without his services for the start of the 2009 Ulster SFC opener because he suffered broken jaw against Dublin. Charlie retired from Armagh in 2019.

Armagh county football team
The Armagh county football team (/ɑːrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH) represents the Armagh GAA, a county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in Gaelic football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Armagh's home ground is the Athletic Grounds, Armagh. The team's manager is Kieran McGeeney. Their longest-standing and fiercest rivalry is with Tyrone, another Ulster-based team and one of Armagh's geographic neighbors.

The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 2008, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2024 and the National League in 2005.
Hincmar
Hincmar (/ˈhɪŋkmɑːr/; French: [ɛ̃kmaʁ]; Latin: Hincmarus; 806 – 21 December 882), archbishop of Reims, was a Frankish jurist and theologian, as well as the friend, advisor and propagandist of Charles the Bald. He belonged to a noble family of northern Francia.

Compiègne
Compiègne (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃pjɛɲ] ⓘ; Picard: Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department of northern France. It is located on the river Oise,  and its inhabitants are called Compiégnois ([kɔ̃pjeɲwa]).
Sheila Brown Napaljarri
Sheila Brown Napaljarri (c. 1940–2003) was a Warlpiri-speaking Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region. A contributor to major collaborative paintings by Indigenous communities, her works are also held by the Art Gallery of New South Wales and the South Australian Museum.

Western Desert cultural bloc
The Western Desert cultural bloc (also capitalised, abbreviated to WDCB, or just Western Desert) is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 mi2), used to describe a group of linguistically and culturally similar Aboriginal Australian nations.
Rinne test
The Rinne test (/ˈrɪnə/ RIN-ə) is used primarily to evaluate loss of hearing in one ear. It compares perception of sounds transmitted by air conduction to those transmitted by bone conduction through the mastoid. Thus, one can quickly screen for the presence of conductive hearing loss.

A Rinne test should always be accompanied by a Weber test to also detect sensorineural hearing loss and thus confirm the nature of hearing loss.

The Rinne test was named after German otologist Heinrich Adolf Rinne (1819–1868); the Weber test was named after Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795–1878).

Mastoid part of the temporal bone
The mastoid part of the temporal bone is the posterior (back) part of the temporal bone, one of the bones of the skull. Its rough surface gives attachment to various muscles (via tendons) and it has openings for blood vessels. From its borders, the mastoid part articulates with two other bones.
Denmark Open
The Denmark Open, or formerly known as Danish Open, is an annual badminton tournament held in Denmark and organized by Badminton Denmark. It was part of the BWF Super Series from 2011 to 2017. BWF categorised it as one of the five BWF World Tour Super 750 events per the BWF events structure since 2018.

BWF World Tour
The BWF World Tour is a Grade 2 badminton tournament series, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It is a competition open to the top world ranked players in singles (men's and women's) and doubles (men's, women's and mixed). The competition was announced on 19 March 2017 and came into effect starting from 2018, replacing the BWF Super Series, which was held from 2007 to 2017.

The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, and Super 300 in order (part of the HSBC World Tour). One other category of tournament, the BWF Tour Super 100 level, also offers ranking points.
Joshua LeBar
Joshua Matthew LeBar (born September 27, 1977) is an American actor whose television credits include Entourage, Castle, Pushing Daisies, CSI: NY, The Man, Boston Public, 7th Heaven, and Tell Me You Love Me.

Tell Me You Love Me (TV series)
Tell Me You Love Me is an American drama television series that premiered on HBO on September 9, 2007.

The series was created by Cynthia Mort and originally conceived as Sexlife. The pilot episode was produced and directed by Patricia Rozema and shot in Winnipeg, Manitoba, while the remainder of the episodes were shot in Los Angeles. The series was picked up by HBO for a second season in October 2007, but was ultimately canceled in July 2008 when Mort said she and the network "were unable to find the direction of the show for the second season".
Diego Baldenweg with Nora Baldenweg and Lionel Baldenweg
Diego Baldenweg with Nora Baldenweg and Lionel Baldenweg is the Swiss/Australian composer trio sometimes referred to as the Baldenweg siblings. In the field of advertising they are also firming as Great Garbo (stylised in all caps).

In the Land of Saints and Sinners
In the Land of Saints and Sinners is a 2023 Irish action thriller film directed by Robert Lorenz and written by Mark Michael McNally and Terry Loane. The film stars Liam Neeson in the lead role, alongside other Irish actors including Kerry Condon, Jack Gleeson, Colm Meaney and Ciarán Hinds. This is Neeson's second collaboration with Lorenz, after the 2021 film The Marksman. In the movie, a former hitman leading a quiet life in a coastal Irish village comes out of retirement when an IRA bomber on the run from the law arrives to cause harm.

The film premiered at the 80th Venice International Film Festival on 6 September 2023. It was released for streaming on Netflix on 26 April 2024.
Menands, New York
Menands /mɪˈnændz/ is a village in Albany County, New York, United States. The population was 4,554 at the 2020 census. The village is named after Louis Menand.  The village lies inside the town of Colonie and borders the northern city line of Albany.

City limits
A city limit is a border of a city. The term is often used as the plural city limits, for the entire boundary. The area within city limits can be called the city proper. Related are the corporate limits (or corporation limits) of a city, which define the jurisdiction of its municipal corporation. In some countries, city limits can be expanded through municipal annexation.
1998 African Cup Winners' Cup
The 1998 African Cup Winners' Cup was the twenty-fourth season of Africa's second oldest club football tournament organised by CAF. As before, the tournament was open to clubs that won their nation's premier domestic cup.

Espérance of Tunisia won the cup after defeating Angola's Primeiro de Agosto 4-2 in a two-legged final. It was Espérance's first Cup Winners' Cup triumph and their fourth African club title while Primeiro de Agosto made their first appearance in a continental final.

Vita Club Mokanda
Vita Club Mokanda, formerly  Victoria Club Mokanda, is a football club based in Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo. They play in the Congo Premier League. In 1971 the team has won the Congo Premier League.
Finnish invasion of Ladoga Karelia
The Finnish invasion of Ladoga Karelia was a military campaign carried out by Finland in 1941. It was part of what is commonly referred to as the Continuation War. Early in the war, Finnish forces captured the Ladoga Karelia. It had been ceded to the Soviet Union on 13 March 1940, in the Moscow Peace Treaty, which marked the end of the Winter War. Later, in the summer of 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured the eastern part of Ladoga Karelia in the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive.

Ladoga Karelia
Ladoga Karelia (Finnish: Laatokan Karjala, Swedish: Ladogakarelen, Russian: Ладожская Карелия, romanized: Ladožskaja Karelija, Карельское Приладожье, Karelskoje Priladožje or Северное Приладожье, Severnoje Priladožje) is a historical region of Karelia, currently largely in Russia. Today, the term refers to the part of the Republic of Karelia in the Russian Federation comprising the south-west part of the Republic, specifically Lakhdenpokhsky District, Pitkyarantsky District and Sortavala District. This region is on the northern littoral of Lake Ladoga, which borders Olonets Karelia to the East, Leningrad Oblast (Karelian Isthmus) to the south-west and the North Karelia region of Finland to the west.
DeWeese
DeWeese is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill DeWeese (born 1950), American politician

Bob DeWeese (politician) (1934-2020), American politician

Bob DeWeese (basketball) (1915–1991), American basketball player

Devin Deweese (1835–1906), American historian

Ebby DeWeese (1904–1942), American football player

Gene DeWeese (1934–2012), American writer

Gennie DeWeese (1921–2007), American painter

John T. Deweese (1835–1906), American politician

Mary Ann DeWeese (1913–1993), American designer

Theodore DeWeese, American radiation oncologist and academic administrator

Gennie DeWeese
Genevieve "Gennie" DeWeese (née Adams;  January 10, 1921 – November 26, 2007) was a modernist painter and prominent member of the art community in Bozeman, Montana. Gennie and her husband, Robert "Bob" DeWeese were notable for the major role they played in the development of the Montana contemporary arts community.
Rolf Römer
Rolf Römer (1935–2000) was a German stage, television and film actor. Römer was a prominent actor of East Germany, appearing in a number of DEFA productions.

He was married to actress Annekathrin Bürger, appearing with her in the 1972 Red Western Tecumseh. He also starred in other westerns including The Sons of Great Bear (1966) and Chingachgook (1967).

DEFA
DEFA (Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft) was the state-owned film studio of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) throughout the country's existence. Since 2019, DEFA's film heritage has been made accessible and licensable on the PROGRESS archive platform. The DEFA Foundation is a non-profit organisation that was established in order to preserve the films in the DEFA library as well as the film studios, and make them accessible to the public.
Sir John Inglis, 2nd Baronet
Sir John Inglis, 2nd Baronet (September 1683 – 3 March 1771) was Postmaster General for Scotland, the son and heir of Sir James Inglis, 1st Baronet of Cramond, Edinburghshire by his spouse Anne, daughter of Sir Patrick Houstoun, 1st Baronet of that Ilk. He succeeded his father in 1688.

Postmaster General of the United Kingdom
Postmaster General of the United Kingdom was a Cabinet ministerial position in HM Government. Aside from maintaining the postal system, the Telegraph Act 1868 established the Postmaster General's right to exclusively maintain electric telegraphs. This would subsequently extend to telecommunications and broadcasting.

The office was abolished in 1969 by the Post Office Act 1969. A replacement public corporation, governed by a chairman, was established under the name of the Post Office (later subsumed by Royal Mail Group). The cabinet position of Postmaster General was replaced by a Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, with reduced powers, until 1974; most regulatory functions have now been delegated to the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology and the Secretary of State for Business and Trade.
2014 Guerrero earthquake
The 2014 Guerrero earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.2–7.3 that hit the state of Guerrero, close to Acapulco, Mexico, on 18 April at 14:27:26 UTC (9:27 a.m. local time). The epicenter occurred 265 kilometers southwest of Mexico City and at a depth of 24 kilometers. Thrust motion at shallow depths is what caused the earthquake. This was broadly consistent with a slip on or near the Guerrero Seismic Gap, a boundary between the Cocos and North American plates along the Pacific coast approximately 200 kilometers long. The shaking was felt in states as far away as Puebla and Tlaxcala.

North American plate
The North American plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of 76 million km2 (29 million sq mi), it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacific plate (which borders the plate to the west).

It extends eastward to the seismically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores triple junction plate boundary where it meets the Eurasian plate and Nubian plate.
and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. Much of North America west of the Rocky Mountains is composed of such terranes.
Hypernymy and hyponymy
Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a more specific term (hyponym). The hypernym is also called a supertype, umbrella term, or blanket term. The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym.  The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym. For example, "pigeon", "crow", and "hen" are all hyponyms of "bird" and "animal"; "bird" and "animal" are both hypernyms of "pigeon", "crow", and "hen".

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Jeanne de Tignonville
Jeanne du Monceau de Tignonville (1555-1596), was a French noblewoman. She was mistress to Henry IV of France in 1576–81. She was known as La petite Tignonville and used her position to enrich herself and her relations. She also had an affair with Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme.

She was played by Eva Grimaldi in Jean-Charles Tacchella's film Dames Galantes (1990).

Jean-Charles Tacchella
Jean-Charles Tacchella (23 September 1925 – 29 August 2024) was a French screenwriter and film director. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his film Cousin Cousine (1975), which was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and which was later remade in the U.S. as Cousins (1989) starring Ted Danson, Isabella Rossellini, Sean Young and William Petersen.
Klues Forest
The Klues Forest (German: Klueser Wald or Kluesries and Danish: Klusris) is a forest which lies in Schleswig-Holstein/North-Germany, between Flensburg and Harrislee.

Klues Forest has a size of nearly 436 morgen. The forest is populated with typical trees for the area and climate, such as beech, oak, ash, alder and spruce.

Many people of Flensburg and neighboring Denmark use the forest for its aesthetic presence and local recreation. The "Erholungswald" (recreational forest) area, with  a size of 304 morgen, has barbecues, a natural children's playground and a "Waldlehrgarten", that presents information about trees, the forest, and the history of Klues Forest and the area it belongs to.

The forest is part of the "Forstamt Schleswig-Holstein", the forest district of Schleswig-Holstein.

Fraxinus
Fraxinus (/ˈfræksɪnəs/), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous (dropping their leaves in autumn), although some subtropical species are evergreen. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

The leaves are usually opposite, and mostly pinnately compound (divided into leaflets in a feather-like arrangement). The seeds, known as "keys", are botanically fruits of the type called samara. Some species are dioecious, having male and female flowers on separate plants.

Ash wood is strong and elastic, and used for the handles of tools. Musical instrument makers use it for electric guitars and for drum shells. The Morgan Motor Company makes the frames of sports cars from ash wood. In Greek mythology, the Meliae were the nymphs of ash trees.
Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney
Saint Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney, sometimes known as Magnus the Martyr, was Earl of Orkney from 1106 to about 1117.

Magnus's grandparents, Thorfinn the Mighty, Jarl of Orkney and his wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, had two sons, Erlend and Paul, who were twins. Through Ingibiorg's father Finn Arnesson and his wife, the family was related to the Norwegian Kings Olav II and Harald II.

Finn Árnasson
Finn Árnason (Norwegian: Finn Arnessoncode: nor promoted to code: no ; died c. 1065) was a Norwegian nobleman and advisor to both King Olaf Haraldsson (later named Saint Olaf) and  King Harald III of Norway and  later served King Sweyn II of Denmark. He was the feudal lord (lendmann) of Austrått.
Mossley Hockey Club
Mossley Hockey Club is a field hockey club based in the village of Mossley in Newtownabbey, County Antrim. It was formed in 1929 following a meeting of employees of Henry Campbell's Mill in the village. The club currently fields five men's teams, with the first team playing in the Premier League of the Ulster Senior League.

Ireland men's national field hockey team
The Ireland men's national field hockey team is organised by Hockey Ireland and represents both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in international men's field hockey competitions, including the Men's Hockey World Cup and the EuroHockey Nations Championship. They have previously competed in the Men's Intercontinental Cup, the Hockey Champions Challenge, the Men's FIH Hockey World League and the FIH Hockey Series. The team also competes at the Summer Olympics, though it officially only represents the Republic of Ireland then (using the Republic's flag and national anthem), while still selecting players from the entire island. On 26 January 1895 Ireland played in the first ever international field hockey match when they defeated Wales 3–0 in Rhyl. Ireland were finalists and silver medallists at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Ireland were also bronze medallists at the 2015 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship.