hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Americanization (foreign culture and media)
In American media, the term Americanization is used to describe the censoring and editing of a foreign TV show or movie that is bought by an American station. This editing is done with the aim of making the work more appealing to American audiences, and to respond to perceived American sensitivities. The changes can be so drastic that little—if any—evidence of the TV show or movie's true origin remains.

For television documentaries, it is an established practice in English-speaking countries to hire someone of the audience's accent as a narrator. Sometimes the script is done verbatim, e.g., the PBS Nova documentary series continued to use the BBC's original word "maize", whereas an American audience would expect to hear "corn".

Nova (American TV program)
Nova (stylized as NOVΛ) is an American popular science television program produced by WGBH in Boston, Massachusetts, since 1974. It is broadcast on PBS in the United States, and in more than 100 other countries. The program has won many major television awards.

Nova often includes interviews with scientists doing research in the subject areas covered and occasionally includes footage of a particular discovery. Some episodes have focused on the history of science. Examples of topics covered include the following: 
Colditz Castle,
the Drake equation,
elementary particles,
the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens,
Fermat's Last Theorem,
the AIDS epidemic, 
global warming,
moissanite,
Project Jennifer,
storm chasing,
Unterseeboot 869,
Vinland,
Tarim mummies, 
and the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Nova programs have been praised for their pacing, writing, and editing. Websites that accompany the segments have also won awards.
Timothy Taylor (art dealer)
Timothy Taylor (born 1963) is an English gallerist and art dealer.

His eponymous gallery represents more than twenty international artists and estates, with spaces in London and New York. He is also distantly related to the British royal family.

Timothy Taylor (gallery)
Timothy Taylor is an international gallery with locations in London, and New York. Founded in Mayfair, London, in 1996, the gallery has worked with post-war and contemporary artists as well as artist estates.
Brin-Jonathan Butler
Brin-Jonathan Butler (born 1979) is a freelance journalist, Amazon interviewer, filmmaker and host of the podcast Tourist Information. His work has been published in The Classical, The Rumpus, Harper's, The Daily Beast, Vice, ESPN The Magazine, The Paris Review, The Huffington Post and Salon.com. His book A Cuban Boxer's Journey was published 2014. The Domino Diaries was published in 2015. The Grandmaster: Magnus Carlsen and the Match That Made Chess Great Again was published in 2018 and longlisted for the 2020 RBC Taylor Prize.

Butler has a forthcoming documentary film, Split Decision, examining Cuban–American relations.

The Paris Review
The Paris Review is a quarterly English-language literary magazine established in Paris in 1953 by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton.

The Review's "Writers at Work" series includes interviews with Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, Jorge Luis Borges, Ralph Ellison, William Faulkner, Thornton Wilder, Robert Frost, Pablo Neruda, William Carlos Williams, and Vladimir Nabokov, among hundreds of others. Literary critic Joe David Bellamy wrote that the series was "one of the single most persistent acts of cultural conservation in the history of the world."

The headquarters of The Paris Review moved from Paris to New York City in 1973. Plimpton edited the Review from its founding until his death in 2003.
Fort Yates, North Dakota
Fort Yates is a city in Sioux County, North Dakota, United States. It is the tribal headquarters of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and county seat of Sioux County. Since 1970 the population has declined markedly from more than 1,100 residents, as people have left for other locations for work. The population was 176 at the 2020 census.

Tribe (Native American)
In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe, or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning.

A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty, a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States.
Hanger Lane gyratory
The Hanger Lane gyratory is a multi-lane rectangular gyratory – having the Hanger Lane underpass, under its southern limb, for the Western Avenue (A40). It enables intersection with the North Circular (A406) and the inceptive Ealing Road towards Wembley.  It is in the north of the borough of Ealing in west London.

A40 road
The A40 is a road which runs between London and Goodwick (Fishguard), in Wales. It is approximately 260 miles (420 km) long. The eastern section from Denham, Buckinghamshire to Wheatley, Oxfordshire is better served by the M40 and its former function of linking London with Cheltenham and Gloucester has been taken by the M4, A419 and A417 via Swindon.

In 1937, together with the A48 road, it formed parts of the London–Fishguard trunk road, as well as a part of the Newport–Shrewsbury trunk road. Much of the A40's length within England has been superseded by motorways, such as the M40, and has lost its trunk road status, though it retains the status west of Gloucester and its entirety within Wales.
25th International Emmy Awards
The 25th International Emmy Awards took place on November 24, 1997, at the Hilton Hotel in New York City, New York. The ceremony was hosted by Sir Peter Ustinov and the presenters included the actor Armand Assante, the dancer-choreographer Savion Glover, and the actress Marilu Henner.

New York Hilton Midtown
The New York Hilton Midtown is the largest hotel in New York City. The hotel is owned by Park Hotels & Resorts and managed by Hilton Worldwide. It has approximately 2,000 rooms and over 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of meeting space.

The 47-floor building, north of Rockefeller Center at Sixth Avenue and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, has hosted every U.S. president since John F. Kennedy. The world's first handheld cell phone call was made in 1973 by hotel guest Martin Cooper, an engineer, in front of the hotel. Donald Trump delivered his 2016 United States presidential election victory speech at the hotel.
Hamarglovene Crevasses
The Hamarglovene Crevasses (71°56′S 5°5′E﻿ / ﻿71.933°S 5.083°E﻿ / -71.933; 5.083) are a crevasse field in lower Vestreskorve Glacier just east of Hamaroya Mountain, in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Hamarglovene (the hammer clefts).

Hamarøya Mountain
Hamarøya Mountain (71°56′S 4°57′E﻿ / ﻿71.933°S 4.950°E﻿ / -71.933; 4.950) is an isolated ice-free mountain in the middle of the mouth of Vestreskorve Glacier in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Hamarøya (the hammer island).
Bollig
Bollig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Bollig (fl. 2006), British academic

Brandon Bollig (born 1987), American ice hockey player

Johann Bollig (1821–1895), German theologian and papal advisor

Brandon Bollig
Brandon D. Bollig (born January 31, 1987) is an American former professional ice hockey player. An undrafted player, Bollig signed with the Chicago Blackhawks organization in 2010 after playing college hockey for St. Lawrence University.  He made his NHL debut in 2012 and was a member of Chicago's Stanley Cup championship team in 2013. The Calgary Flames acquired Bollig in a draft-day trade on June 28, 2014.
Maun (island)
Maun is an island in the Adriatic Sea located southwest of Pag and northeast of Olib. Its area is 8.50 km2 (3.28 sq mi).

After the first geological survey of the region, the initial verdict of Mamužić and Sokač was that small bauxite pockets at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary were present across the entire studied area, including on Maun, but apart from those at Novalja, no deposits were marked on the map because they were thought to be economically insignificant.

There is a large karst sinkhole on Maun filled with terra rossa, in which water remains longer after rains, allowing it to be used for watering small livstock.

Bauxite
Bauxite (/ˈbɔːksaɪt/ ⓘ) is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and hematite (Fe2O3), the aluminium clay mineral kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and small amounts of anatase (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeTiO3 or FeO·TiO2).
Bauxite appears dull in luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan.

In 1821, the French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France, the origin of the name.
2000 Hamburg Masters – Singles
Gustavo Kuerten defeated Marat Safin in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 5–7, 7–6(7–3) to win the singles tennis title at the 2000 Hamburg European Open.

Marcelo Ríos was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Safin.

Jan-Michael Gambill
Jan-Michael Charles Gambill (born June 3, 1977) is an American former professional tennis player who made his professional debut in 1996. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 14, which he achieved on June 18, 2001. Best known for his unusual double-handed forehand, Gambill reached the quarterfinals of the 2000 Wimbledon Championships, the final of the 2001 Miami Masters, and won three singles titles.
Paderno d'Adda
Paderno d'Adda (Brianzöö: Padèrnu; Bergamasque: Padéren) is a town and comune in the province of Lecco, in Lombardy. It is well known in the rest of Italy for the cast-iron San Michele Bridge built in the late nineteenth century following the Tour Eiffel style. It is said that Leonardo da Vinci used the Paderno's scenery as base for his famous painting Virgin of the Rocks.

Brianzöö dialect
Brianzöö (modern orthography) or Brianzoeu (historical orthography) is a group of variants (Prealpine and Western Lombard – macromilanese) of the Western variety of the Lombard language, spoken in the region of Brianza.
Ashleelotar Daye
Ashlilatar Daye (Bengali: অশ্লীলতার দায়ে) (meaning: "Accusation for vulgarity") is a Bengali drama film released in 1983. The film is based on a novel by Narayan Sanyal with the same title, which was published in 1975. Sanyal took this novel theme from Seven Minutes by Irving Wallace. This film was directed by Uma Nath Bhattacharya. Arundhati Holme Chowdhury and Haimanti Sukla sang in this film.

Haimanti Sukla
Haimanti Shukla is a Bengali singer. The tradition of Hindustani classical music was in her family and this helped her to become a classically trained singer. She recorded her first song "E to kanna noy aamar" in 1972.
García de Medrano y Castejón
García de Medrano y Castejón (El Burgo de Osma, c. 1550 – Valladolid, 1604) was a nobleman and aristocrat from the House of Medrano, a historian and knight of the Order of Santiago. He served as a lawyer and licenciate, Alcalde del Crimen (Magistrate of Crime) in the Real Audiencia and Chancery of Granada, a prosecutor and a Minister of the Council of Orders. He was also a Councilor of the Royal Council of Castile and the Royal Council of Justice, and procurator in the Cortes for the city of Soria.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Big Brother (Finnish TV series) season 2
Big Brother 2006 was the second season of the Finnish reality television season Big Brother. It aired on SubTV in Finland, from 29 August 2006 to 1 December 2006, and lasted 96 days.
A number of contestants (known as "housemates") lived in a purpose-built house in Espoo, and were isolated from the rest of the world. Each week, each housemate nominated two of their peers for eviction, and the housemates who received the most nominations would face a public vote. Of these, one would eventually leave, having been "evicted" from the house. However, there sometimes were exceptions to this process as dictated by Big Brother, known as "twists". In the final week, there were four housemates remaining, and the public voted for who they wanted to win. Sari Nygren received the most votes, and won the prize money of €50,000. The series's final broadcast obtained a peak audience of 540,000 viewers.

MTV Sub
MTV Sub (formerly TVTV!, Subtv and Sub) is a Finnish television channel owned by MTV Oy. The previous owner Alma Media sold Sub and its sister channels (MTV3, C More Max, MTV Ava Radio Nova and Sävelradio) to Swedish Bonnier and Proventus in 2005.
Jacques Dorion
Jacques Dorion (ca 1797 – December 29, 1877) was a doctor and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born at Quebec City around 1797 and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec. Dorion studied medicine at Paris and returned to set up practice at Saint-Ours. In 1824, he married Catherine-Louise Lovell, niece of seigneur Charles-Louis-Roch de Saint-Ours. Dorion was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Richelieu in 1830 and was reelected in 1834, as a supporter of the parti patriote. Dorion signed the Ninety-Two Resolutions. He founded a branch of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society at Saint-Ours in 1835. In December 1837, he was arrested for high treason and imprisoned until March 1838.

He died at Saint-Ours in 1877.

One son, Joseph-Adolphe, later served in the Quebec legislative assembly, and another son, Eugène-Philippe, was head of the French translators for the Canadian House of Commons.

Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society
The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society (French: Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste, pronounced [sɔsjete sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ batist]) is an institution in the Canadian province of Quebec dedicated to the protection of Quebec francophone interests and to the promotion of Quebec sovereignism. It is known as the oldest patriotic association in French North America. The society's president from 2009 to 2014, Mario Beaulieu, subsequently became leader of the Bloc Québécois. Its current president, Maxime Laporte, is known for being coordinator (president) of Cap sur l'indépendance, an umbrella group of various independentist organisations.
Mangue Seco
Mangue Seco is a beach village in Jandaíra, Bahia, Brazil. It is famous in Brazil because of a soap-opera (telenovela) adaptation of the novel Tieta do Agreste, by the Brazilian writer Jorge Amado, which was shot on its white beaches in 1996.

Tieta
Tieta (Portuguese: Tieta do Agreste, lit. "Tieta from Agreste") is a novel written by the Brazilian author Jorge Amado, published on August 17, 1977. Set in the 1970s, it narrates the return of Tieta to the remote village of Santana do Agreste, 26 years after being beaten and expelled by her father in front of all the town's people.
Yitzhak Mordechai
Yitzhak "Itzik" Mordechai (Hebrew: יצחק מרדכי; born 22 November 1944) is an Israeli former general and politician. He served as a member of the Knesset between 1996 and 2001, and as Minister of Defense and Minister of Transport. He retired from political life after being indicted for sexual assaults during his military service and later periods.

Ministry of Defense (Israel)
The Ministry of Defense (Hebrew: משרד הביטחון, romanized: Misrad HaBitahon, lit. 'Ministry of Security', acronym: Hebrew: משהב"ט) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending the State of Israel from internal and external military threats. Its political head is the defense minister of Israel, and its offices are located in HaKirya, Tel Aviv.

The Ministry of Defense oversees most of the Israeli security forces, including the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Military Industries (IMI), and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).

The ministry was established when the British Mandate of Palestine ended, and the British Army departed Palestine and the State of Israel was formed. This ended the rag-tag militia units during British rule and gave way to the formal defense of the Jewish state.
1988 Hamilton District Council election
Elections to Hamilton District Council were held on 5 May 1988, on the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. This was the fifth election to the district council following the local government reforms in the 1970s.

The election used the 20 wards created by the Initial Statutory Reviews of Electoral Arrangements in 1980. Each ward elected one councillor using first-past-the-post voting.

Despite losing two seats and their vote share falling by 10.2%, Labour maintained control of the district council as they won 15 of the 20 seats – taking 54.7% of the popular vote. In March 1988, the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Party merged and the newly formed Scottish Social and Liberal Democrats (SSLD) matched the result of the SDP–Liberal Alliance at the previous election as they returned two councillors. The remaining seats were won by the Scottish National Party (SNP) – who gained one seat and had come second in the popular vote – and the Conservatives.

Scottish Liberal Democrats
The Scottish Liberal Democrats (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrtaidh Libearalach Deamocratach na h-Alba) is a liberal, federalist political party in Scotland, part of UK Liberal Democrats. The party holds 5 of the 129 seats in the Scottish Parliament, 6 of the 57 Scottish seats in the House of Commons and 88 of 1,226 local councillors.

The Scottish Liberal Democrats is one of the three state parties within the federal Liberal Democrats, the others being the Welsh Liberal Democrats and the English Liberal Democrats. The Liberal Democrats do not contest elections in Northern Ireland.
Dinosaur! (1985 film)
Dinosaur! is a 1985 American television documentary film about dinosaurs. It was first broadcast in the United States on November 5, 1985, on CBS. Directed by Robert Guenette and written by Steven Paul Mark, Dinosaur! was hosted by American actor Christopher Reeve, who some years before had played the leading role in Superman.

In 1991, another documentary, also titled Dinosaur! though not related, was hosted on A&E by the CBS anchorman Walter Cronkite.

Industrial Light & Magic
Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American motion picture visual effects, computer animation and stereo conversion digital studio founded by George Lucas on May 26, 1975. It is a division of the film production company Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded, and was created when he began production on the original Star Wars, the fourth episode of the Skywalker Saga.

ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then later moved to San Rafael in 1978, and since 2005 it has been based at the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio of San Francisco. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm. As of 2026, Industrial Light & Magic has won 15 Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects.
Coalition for Change (Chile)
The Coalition for Change was a presidential and parliamentary electoral coalition that groups the supporters of Sebastián Piñera for the 2009-10 Chilean presidential election. Its predecessor was the Alliance for Chile. The constituent parties are the Independent Democratic Union, National Renewal, ChileFirst, the movements Grand North, and Christian Humanism.

This coalition speech aspired to leave behind divisions that have polarized Chilean society, and his objective was to work together for the future of Chile by creating a democracy representative of the diverse creeds with respect, tolerance and friendship.

Fernando Flores
Carlos Fernando Flores Labra (born January 9, 1943) is a Chilean engineer, philosopher, entrepreneur and politician. He is a former cabinet minister of president Salvador Allende and was senator for the Arica and Parinacota and Tarapacá regions between 2001 and 2009. On March 31, 2010, he was designated President of Chile's National Innovation Council for Competitiveness by President Sebastián Piñera.
Tofalariya
Tofalariya (Russian: Тофалария) (Karagas: Тophалар чурту) is a small cultural and historical region in Irkutsk Oblast, Russian Federation. It is located in the southwestern part of Nizhneudinsky District.

The main town is Alygdzher, with a population of 526 inhabitants. Other populated localities in Tofalariya include the towns of Verkhnyaya Gutara (Russian: Верхняя Гутара) and Nerkha (Russian: Нерха). Tofalars were originally divided into three groups. Those of the Northwestern group were settled in Verkhnyaya Gutara, those of the Southeastern group were settled in Alygdzher, and those of the central group were settled in Nerkha. The name of the village Alygdzher, translated from the Tofalar language, means “wind”.

Tofalariya is located in the Eastern Sayan mountains. The main river is the Uda.

Cultural area
In anthropology and geography, a cultural area, cultural region, cultural sphere, or culture area refers to a geography with one relatively homogeneous human activity or complex of activities (culture). Such activities are often associated with an ethnolinguistic group and with the territory it inhabits. Specific cultures often do not limit their geographic coverage to the borders of a nation state, or to smaller subdivisions of a state.
Army United F.C.
Army United Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลอาร์มี่ ยูไนเต็ด) was a Thai defunct professional football club under the stewardship of the Royal Thai Army based in the Din Daeng District of Bangkok. It was one of the oldest football clubs in Asia, until it was discontinued at the end of the 2019 season after 103 years in existence.

The club was founded in 1916 and was known as Royal Thai Army until November 2010. Their home stadium was known locally as the Thai Army Sports Stadium and was more widely known around Asian circles as the Royal Thai Army Stadium, which had been host to numerous international youth matches due to its central Bangkok location. The club played in red shirts with red shorts and red socks. Despite finishing bottom of the Thai Premier League in 2010, they managed to regain their top-flight status after winning Group B of the Thai League Play-off in 2011.

Thai League 2
Thai League 2 (Thai: ไทยลีก 2), commonly known as the T2, formally called Thai Division 1 League, is the second-tier professional league in the Thai football league system. Seasons typically run from August to May, with each team playing 34 games : two against each other team, one home and one away. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Seal 5 League II. Champion, runner up and teams ranked 3rd – 6th qualified in play off for last spot in top tier promoted to Thai League 1 at the end of the season, whilst three are relegated to Thai League 3.