hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cowgills Corner, Delaware
Cowgills Corner (also known as Cowgill's Corner) is an unincorporated community in Kent County, Delaware, United States. Cowgills Corner is located on Delaware Route 9, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northeast of Dover. The Octagonal Schoolhouse, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Cowgills Corner.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
Real Sociedad de Tenis de la Magdalena
The Real Sociedad de Tenis de la Magdalena (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal soθjeˈðað ðe ˈtenis ðe la maɣðaˈlena]; "Royal Society of Tennis of la Magdalena"), commonly known as El Tenis de Santander and familiarly as El Tenis, is a private country club in Santander, Spain. Founded by king Alfonso XIII and a group of noblemen on 7 April 1906, it is one of the oldest country clubs in Spain.

The club is located in the Magdalena Peninsula, and has over 8,000 members, having sports sections of tennis, hockey, roller hockey, swimming, bowling, and canoeing.

Currently membership is largely reserved for the children and spouses of members only, being very restrictive towards people wishing to become affiliates.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Pseuduvaria macgregorii
Pseuduvaria macgregorii is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to The Philippines. Elmer Drew Merrill, the American botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Richard MacGregor the Australian ornithologist and plant collector who collected the specimen Merrill examined.

Elmer Drew Merrill
Elmer Drew Merrill (October 15, 1876 – February 25, 1956) was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through the course of his career he authored nearly 500 publications, described approximately 3,000 new plant species, and amassed over one million herbarium specimens. In addition to his scientific work he was an accomplished administrator, college dean, university professor and editor of scientific journals.
Murepavadin
Murepavadin (POL7080) is a Pseudomonas specific peptidomimetic antibiotic.  It is a synthetic cyclic beta hairpin peptidomimetic based on the cationic antimicrobial peptide protegrin I (PG-1) and the first example of an outer membrane protein-targeting antibiotic class with a novel, nonlytic mechanism of action, highly active and selective against the protein transporter LptD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  In preclinical studies the compound was highly active on a broad panel of clinical isolates including multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas  bacteria with outstanding in vivo efficacy in sepsis, lung, and thigh infection models.  Intravenous murepavadin is in development  for the treatment of bacterial hospital-acquired pneumonia and bacterial ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Multiple drug resistance
Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to at least one antimicrobial drug in three or more antimicrobial categories. Antimicrobial categories are classifications of antimicrobial agents based on their mode of action and specific to target organisms. The MDR types most threatening to public health are MDR bacteria that resist multiple antibiotics; other types include MDR viruses, parasites (resistant to multiple antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic drugs of a wide chemical variety).
The Mail (Madras)
The Mail, known as The Madras Mail till 1928, was an English-language daily evening newspaper published in the Madras Presidency (later Madras State, and then, Tamil Nadu) from 1868 to 1981. It was the first evening newspaper in India which is now operating as a news and media website.

Madras State
Madras State was a state in the Indian Republic, which was in existence during the mid-20th century as a successor to the Madras Province of British India. The state came into existence on 26 January 1950 when the Constitution of India was adopted and included the present-day Tamil Nadu, parts of neighbouring states of Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

Andhra state was separated in 1953. The state was further re-organized with the Malabar District being merged with the newly formed state of Kerala as well as five Tamil-majority taluks being incorporated into Madras State from the erstwhile Travancore–Cochin when states were redrawn linguistically in 1956. On 14 January 1969, the state was renamed Tamil Nadu.
Municipality of Bled
The Municipality of Bled (pronounced [ˈbleːt]; Slovene: Občina Bled) is a municipality in northwestern Slovenia in the Upper Carniola region. The seat of the municipality is the town of Bled, located on the shores of Lake Bled. The area is a popular tourist destination.

The Municipality of Bled was established in October 1994. It was greatly reduced in size with the establishment of the Municipality of Gorje in June 2006, having retained only 38% of its previous territory.

Lake Bled
Lake Bled (Slovene: Blejsko jezero) is a lake in the Julian Alps of the Upper Carniolan region of northwestern Slovenia, where it adjoins the town of Bled. The area is a tourist destination. The lake is 35 km (22 mi) from Ljubljana International Airport and 55 km (34 mi) from the capital city, Ljubljana. Lake Bled is 4.2 km (2.6 mi) from the Lesce–Bled train station.
Marion L. Longstaff
Marion L. Longstaff (March 11, 1904 – February 29, 1984) was an American politician from Maine. A Republican, Longstaff represented Crystal, Aroostook County, Maine in the Maine House of Representatives from 1943 to 1950 (91st-94th Legislatures).  During the 94th Legislature, Longstaff was one of three women elected to the House of Representatives. Marguerite R. Fay and Lucia M. Cormier were the others.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Signal (typeface)
Signal is a script typeface, designed in 1931 by Walter Wege for H. Berthold AG in Berlin.

Designed for headlines and slogans, it was one of several typefaces inspired by brush script created in the late 1920s and early 1930s as hand-lettering went back in style. The standard version was followed up in 1932 by the bolder Block-Signal and the lighter Script-Signal. The latter was suitable for slightly longer pieces of copy. 1934 saw the release of Deutsch-Signal, based on German handwriting.

The typeface was used in creating the masthead of Signal, a Nazi magazine.

Slogan
A slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a clan or a political, commercial, religious, or other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose, with the goal of persuading members of the public or a more defined target group. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as "a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising". A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and appealing to the audience.
Betty Manyolo
Estelle Betty Manyolo (1938–1999) was a Ugandan art painter and printmaker. Her work was inspired by black and white house murals created by the Bahima people and the Kakoro and Nyero rock paintings in Eastern Uganda.

Nyero rock paintings
The Nyero rock paintings are located in eastern Uganda in Kumi District, 8 km (5.0 mi) west of Kumi town, about 250 km (155.3 mi) from the capital city Kampala. The Nyero rock paintings are among the most important rock art in Uganda.
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metre freestyle
The women's 800 metre freestyle event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece on August 19 and 20.  The winning margin was 0.42 seconds which as of 2023 remains the narrowest winning margin in this event at the Olympics.

Japan's Ai Shibata became the first Asian swimmer to win an Olympic gold medal in long-distance freestyle swimming, outside the record time of 8:24.54. France's Laure Manaudou, who claimed the title in the 400 m freestyle, added a silver to her medal tally, with a time of 8:24.96. U.S. swimmer Diana Munz, on the other hand, edged out her teammate Kalyn Keller for the bronze medal by 0.36 of a second, clocking at 8:26.61.

Ai Shibata
Ai Shibata (柴田 亜衣, Shibata Ai; born May 14, 1982) is a Japanese former swimmer. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, she won the gold medal in the 800 meter freestyle race. She was the first ever female gold medalist for Japan in a freestyle event.
She attended the National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya. In 2008 Shibata announced her retirement.
Orbital magnetization
In quantum mechanics, orbital magnetization, Morb, refers to the magnetization induced by orbital motion of charged particles, usually electrons in solids. The term "orbital" distinguishes it from the contribution of spin degrees of freedom, Mspin, to the total magnetization.  A nonzero orbital magnetization requires broken time-reversal symmetry, which can occur spontaneously in ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials, or can be induced in a non-magnetic material by an applied magnetic field.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Secondary Worlds
Secondary Worlds is a book of four essays by W. H. Auden, first published in 1968.

The four essays in the book are based on the four T. S. Eliot Memorial Lectures that Auden delivered at Eliot College of the University of Kent in Canterbury from 25 to 28 October 1967. The titles of the four lectures are: "The Martyr as Dramatic Hero" (held on 25 October 1967), "The World of the Saga" (original lecture title "The Saga Hero, or Epic & Social Realism", 26 October 1967), "The World of Opera" (original lecture title "The Mythical World of Opera", 27 October 1967), and "Words and the Word" (28 October 1967).

The title of the book is taken from J. R. R. Tolkien's essay "On Fairy Stories".

The book is dedicated to Valerie Eliot.

Valerie Eliot
Esmé Valerie Eliot (née Fletcher; 17 August 1926 – 9 November 2012) was the second wife and later widow of the Nobel Prize-winning poet T. S. Eliot. She was a major shareholder in the publishing firm of Faber and Faber Limited and the editor and annotator of a number of books dealing with her late husband's writings.
Bernard Charlot
Bernard Charlot (French: [bɛʁnaʁ ʃaʁlo]; 15 September 1944 – 3 December 2025) was a French academic and educational scientist.

Charlot notably taught at Paris 8 University and the Federal University of Sergipe and founded the educational science think tank EScol in 1987.

Charlot died in Aracaju on 3 December 2025, at the age of 81.

Aracaju
Aracaju (Brazilian Portuguese: [aɾakaˈʒu]; English: /ˌærəkəˈʒuː/ ARR-ə-kə-ZHOO ⓘ) is the capital of the state of Sergipe, in northeastern Brazil, about 350 km (217 mi) north of Salvador. According to the 2020 estimate, the city has 664,908 inhabitants, which represents approximately 33% of the state population. Adding to the populations of the municipalities forming the Metropolitan area: Barra dos Coqueiros, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and São Cristóvão. Its Metropolitan Cathedral Nossa Senhora da Conceiçao, dedicated to Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, is the archiepiscopal see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aracaju.
The Gifts
The Gifts is a 1970 American short documentary film about water pollution in the United States. The film was produced by Robert McBride for the United States Environmental Protection Agency. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Kostajnica Fortress
Kostajnica Fortress is a castle in Hrvatska Kostajnica, a town in central Croatia, near the border to Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The fortress was built most probably in the 14th century and owned by the members of the noble families Frankopan, Lipovečki, Tot, Benvenjud and finally (in the 16th century) Zrinski, so it is today also known as "Zrinski fortress" or "Zrinski castle" (Croatian: Stari grad Zrinski). It was conquered by the Ottomans on 17 July 1556, remaining under Ottoman rule until 1688.

Situated on the banks of the river Una, the fortress has very strong walls and three towers. Having been in a state of disrepair before, it has been renewed in recent years by the Croatian Ministry of Culture.

Ministry of Culture and Media (Croatia)
The Ministry of Culture and Media (Croatian: Ministarstvo kulture i medija) is a ministry of the Croatian government in charge of preserving the country's natural and cultural heritage and overseeing its development. The ministry in its present form was created in 1994 in the Cabinet of Nikica Valentić, as the culture portfolio had previously been part of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (1990–93) and the Ministry of Culture and Education (1993–94).
Hugh Bonneville
Hugh Richard Bonniwell Williams DL (born 10 November 1963), known professionally as Hugh Bonneville, is an English actor. He is best known for portraying Robert Crawley, Earl of Grantham, in the ITV historical drama series Downton Abbey from 2010 to 2015. His performance on the show earned him a nomination at the Golden Globes and two consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations, as well as three Actor Awards. He reprised his role in the feature films Downton Abbey (2019), Downton Abbey: A New Era (2022), and Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale (2025). He also acted in the films Notting Hill (1999), Iris (2001), The Monuments Men (2014), and the Paddington films (2014–present).

For Iris, Bonneville received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, which was followed by four nominations in the BAFTA Award for Best Male Comedy Performance category for portraying Ian Fletcher in Twenty Twelve (2011-2012) and W1A (2014-2017).

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series is an award presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). Beginning with 1966, leading actors in drama have competed alone. However, these dramatic performances included actors from miniseries, telefilms, and guest performers competing against main cast competitors. Such instances are marked below:

# – Indicates a performance in a miniseries or television film, before the category's creation

§ – Indicates a performance as a guest performer, before and after the category's creation
Wiang subdistrict, Mueang Phayao
Wiang Subdistrict, Mueang Phayao (Thai: เวียง, pronounced [wīa̯ŋ]) is a subdistrict (tambon) of Mueang Phayao District, in Phayao Province, Thailand. As of 2010, it has a population of 10,258 people. Together with Mae Tam subdistrict it forms the town Phayao. It is in the southwestern part of the province not far from the border with Lampang Province. It lies along the National Road 1, also known as Phahon Yothin Road in this part, and is connected by road to Mae Chai in the north. It lies on the right bank of Kwan Phayao, fed by the Ing River and Tam River.

Phayao province
Phayao (Thai: พะเยา, pronounced [pʰā.jāw]; Northern Thai: ᩕᨻᨿᩣ᩠ᩅ, pronounced [pʰā.ɲāːw]) is one of Thailand's seventy-seven provinces (changwat), and lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from the east clockwise) Nan, Phrae, Lampang, and Chiang Rai. To the northeast it borders Xaignabouli in Laos.
Galindians
Galindians were two distinct, and now extinct, tribes of the Balts.  Most commonly, Galindians refers to the Western Galindians who lived in the southeast part of Prussia.  Less commonly, it is used for a tribe that lived in the area of what is today Moscow (Russian: Голядь).

Protva
The Protva (Russian: Протва) is a river in the Moscow and Kaluga oblasts in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Oka. It is 282 kilometres (175 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 4,620 square kilometres (1,780 sq mi). The area of its basin is 4,620 square kilometres (1,780 sq mi). The Protva freezes up in early December and stays icebound until early April. Its main tributary is the Luzha. The towns of Vereya, Borovsk, Protvino and Obninsk are located on the shores of the Protva.
2014 Adidas International Gimcheon
The 2014 Adidas International Gimcheon was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Gimcheon, Korea between 5 and 11 May 2014.

Gimcheon
Gimcheon (Korean: 김천; lit. gold spring; Korean pronunciation: [kim.tɕʰʌn]) is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.  It is situated on the major land transportation routes between Seoul and Busan, namely the Gyeongbu Expressway and Gyeongbu Line railway.

In ancient times, Gimcheon was famous for its three mountains (Geumo, Daedeok, Hwangak) and two rivers (Gamcheon, Jikjicheon). During the Chosun Dynasty, Gimcheon had one of the five largest markets in the region. The town has also served as the gateway and traffic hub of the Yeongnam region and is particularly proud of its patriots, history and conservative lifestyle.

The slogan of Gimcheon is 'Central Gimcheon', a recognition of the fact that it is situated almost at the center of South Korea.
European Economic Association
The European Economic Association (EEA) is a professional academic body which links European economists. It was founded in the mid-1980s. Its first annual congress was in 1986 in Vienna and its first president was Jacques Drèze. The current president is Hélène Rey. The Association currently has around 4000 members. Its objectives are:

". . . to contribute to the development and application of economics as a science in Europe; to improve communication and exchange between teachers, researchers and students in economics in the different European countries; and to develop and sponsor co-operation between teaching institutions of university level and research institutions in Europe "

It publishes the Journal of the European Economic Association. In August of each year the Association, in collaboration with the Econometric Society organises a congress in a European city. The congress attracts around 1500 participants.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
1950 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Louise Brough and Margaret duPont successfully defended their title, defeating Shirley Fry and Doris Hart in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 6–1 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championships.

Louise Brough
Althea Louise Brough Clapp (née Brough; March 11, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American tennis player. In her career between 1939 and 1959, she won six Grand Slam titles in singles as well as numerous doubles and mixed-doubles titles. At the end of the 1955 tennis season, Lance Tingay of the London Daily Telegraph ranked her world No. 1 for the year.
Pyruvate oxidase
In enzymology, pyruvate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are pyruvic acid, phosphate, and oxygen. Its products are acetyl phosphate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with oxygen as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyruvate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating). Other names in common use include pyruvic oxidase, and phosphate-dependent pyruvate oxidase.  This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism.  It has 2 cofactors: FAD,  and Thiamin diphosphate.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Jitendra Nath Das
Jitendra Nath Das was an Indian politician belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Jalpaiguri in 1991 and 1996.

Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency
Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India. The constituency centres on Jalpaiguri in West Bengal. While six assembly segments of No. 3 Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency are in Jalpaiguri district, one assembly segment is in Cooch Behar district.  The constituency has reserved for Scheduled castes (SC) since 2009.