hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1939 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1939.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Darren Sadler
Darren Sadler (born 22 March 1980) is a British former strongman competitor. Winner of the World Strongman Challenge in the under 105 kg category, he is notable for being a repeat competitor at the World's Strongest Man despite his comparatively small stature.

He is the co-founder of the Giant's Live arena tour together with Colin Bryce.

Strongman
Strongman is a competitive strength sport that tests athletes' physical strength and endurance through a variety of heavy lifts and events. Strongman competitions are known for their intensity, pushing athletes to their physical and mental limits. In modern strongman, athletes compete to score points based on their relative position in an event. An athlete who engages in the sport of strongman is also called a 'strongman'. They are often regarded as some of the strongest men of the world.
Vasily Kravkov
Vasily Pavlovich Kravkov (Russian: Василий Павлович Кравков; 4 March [O.S. 20 February] 1859 – 13 July 1920) was an Imperial Russian Army medical officer, Privy Councilor (1917), and author of diaries of the Russo-Japanese War and World War I.

Battle of Liaoyang
The Battle of Liaoyang (遼陽会戦, Ryōyō-kaisen; 25 August – 3 September 1904) (Russian: Сражение при Ляояне) was a major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, on the outskirts of the city of Liaoyang in present-day Liaoning Province, China. The city was of great strategic importance as the major Russian military center for southern Manchuria, and a major population center on the main line on the Russian South Manchurian Railway connecting Port Arthur with Mukden.  The city was fortified by the Imperial Russian Army with three lines of fortifications.
Tamil Muslim
Tamil Muslims are Tamils who practise Islam. The community is 10 million in India, primarily in the state of Tamil Nadu where 90% of the Muslim community identified themselves as Tamil Muslims. In Tamil Nadu, the majority of Tamil-speaking Muslims belong to the Rowthers Community while other Muslims live in coastal Tamil Nadu. There is a substantial diaspora, particularly in Southeast Asia, which has seen their presence as early as the 13th century. In the late 20th century, the diaspora expanded to Western Europe, Persian Gulf and North America.

Chicken 65
Chicken 65 is a spicy, deep-fried chicken dish originating from Hotel Buhari, Chennai, India, as an entrée, or quick snack. The flavour of the dish can be attributed to red chillies, but the exact set of ingredients for the recipe can vary. It is prepared using boneless chicken and is usually served with an onion and lemon garnish. Vegetarian variants such as "Paneer 65" or "Gobhi 65" use paneer or cauliflower instead. While the name "Chicken 65" is universally used to refer to the dish, there are many different theories claiming its origins.
Västergötland Runic Inscription 81
The Västergötland Runic Inscription 81  is a 12th century runestone engraved in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark runic alphabet. It is in the form of a grave slab and it was found in the old cemetery of Broddetorp in Falköping Municipality, but it is presently located in the Västergötland Museum in Skara.

Falköping Municipality
Falköping Municipality (Swedish: Falköpings kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Falköping.

The present municipality consists of more than 50 original local government units, joined in two structural reforms carried out in 1952, when the number was reduced to eight, and during the period 1971–1974. In 1971 the former Town of Falköping was made a unitary municipality and three years later amalgamated with the surrounding municipalities.
Christopher Hoag (volleyball)
Christopher Hoag (born (1988-09-03)3 September 1988) is a Canadian male professional volleyball player. He is the son of volleyball coach Glenn Hoag and brother of fellow professional volleyball player Nicholas Hoag. He was a part of the Canada men's national volleyball team at the 2013 to 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Leagues.

2015 FIVB Volleyball World League
The 2015 FIVB Volleyball World League was the 26th edition of the annual men's international volleyball tournament, played from 16 May to 19 July 2015. The tournament featured a record 32 participating countries from 5 confederations. The teams were divided into 3 groups and 8 pools. The Group 1 Final Round, which served as the volleyball test event of the 2016 Summer Olympics, was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
2001 Northeast Conference baseball tournament
The 2001 Northeast Conference baseball tournament began on May 11 and ended on May 13, 2001, at The Sandcastle in Atlantic City, New Jersey.  The league's top four teams competed in the double elimination tournament.  Third-seeded UMBC won their first and only tournament championship and earned the Northeast Conference's automatic bid to the 2001 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Northeast Conference
The NEC (formerly the Northeast Conference) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Teams in the NEC compete in Division I for all sports; football competes in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). Participating schools are located principally in the Northeastern United States, from which the conference derives its name.
Anatomy of the cerebellum
The anatomy of the cerebellum can be viewed at three levels. At the level of gross anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a tightly folded and crumpled layer of cortex, with white matter underneath, several deep nuclei embedded in the white matter, and a fluid-filled ventricle in the middle. At the intermediate level, the cerebellum and its auxiliary structures can be broken down into several hundred or thousand independently functioning modules or compartments known as microzones. At the microscopic level, each module consists of the same small set of neuronal elements, laid out with a highly stereotyped geometry.

Hindbrain
The hindbrain, rhombencephalon (shaped like a rhombus) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. It includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. Together they support vital bodily processes.
Minuma-ku, Saitama
Minuma-ku (見沼区, Minuma-ku) is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the northern part of the city. As of 1 March 2021, the ward had an estimated population of 163,869 and a population density of 5300 persons per km². Its total area was 29.14 square kilometres (11.25 sq mi).

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
BMW S14
The BMW S14 is a DOHC four-cylinder petrol engine which was used in the E30 M3, E30 320iS, and E36 318i Super Touring. It is based on the BMW M10 block and what is essentially a shortened BMW S38 cylinder head. The direct successor to the S14 was the S42 based on the M42 engine. The S42 was a racing engine installed in the E36 320i for the German Super Tourenwagen Cup. There is no direct successor to the S14 for production BMWs, since the following generation of M3 is powered by the BMW S50 six-cylinder engine.

Two separate throttle bodies are used, each incorporating two throttle butterfly plates.

Throttle
A throttle is a mechanism by which fluid flow is managed by construction or obstruction.

An engine's power can be increased or decreased by the restriction of inlet gases (by the use of a throttle), but usually decreased. The term throttle has come to refer, informally, to any mechanism by which the power or speed of an engine is regulated, such as a car's accelerator pedal. What is often termed a throttle (in an aviation context) is also  called a thrust lever, particularly for jet engine powered aircraft. For a steam locomotive, the valve which controls the steam is known as the regulator.
Absolute Power (film)
Absolute Power is a 1997 American political action thriller film produced by, directed by, and starring Clint Eastwood as a master jewel thief, Luther Whitney, who witnesses the killing of a woman by Secret Service agents. The screenplay by William Goldman is based on the 1996 novel Absolute Power by David Baldacci. Screened at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, the film also stars Gene Hackman, Ed Harris, Laura Linney, Judy Davis, Scott Glenn, Dennis Haysbert, and Richard Jenkins. It was also the last screen appearance of E. G. Marshall. The scenes in the museum were filmed in the Walters Art Museum, where Whitney is copying a painting by El Greco: "Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata".

United States Secret Service
The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is tasked with conducting criminal investigations and providing protection to American political leaders, their families, and visiting heads of state or government.

The Secret Service was, until 2003, part of the United States Department of the Treasury, due to their initial mandate of combating counterfeiting of United States currency. The agency has protected United States presidents and presidential candidates since 1901.
Jason Ashby
Jason Ashby (born 16 May 1994) is a professional Australian rules footballer with the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Ashby attended Carey Baptist Grammar School, and played for the Oakleigh Chargers in the TAC Cup. He was recruited by Essendon with the 34th overall selection in the 2012 national draft and made his debut against Carlton in round 3, 2014. At the conclusion of the 2016 season, he was delisted.

2012 AFL draft
The 2012 AFL draft consisted of five opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2012/13 Australian Football League off-season.

These were:

2012 trade period; which was held between 1 October and 26 October, and for the first time incorporated a free agency eligibility period.

A mini-draft of 17-year-old players, as part of the recruitment concessions given to the newly established Greater Western Sydney Giants, held on 26 October

The 2012 national draft; which was conducted on 22 November at the Gold Coast Convention Centre.

The 2013 pre-season draft which was held on 11 December 2012 and

The 2013 rookie draft, also held on 11 December 2012.
Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo
"Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo" (女の子は誰でも; "All Girls"), also known by its English name "Fly Me to Heaven", is one of the A-sides of the single "Sora ga Natteiru/Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo" by Japanese rock band Tokyo Jihen, led by musician Ringo Sheena. It was released digitally in April 2011, and physically on May 11, 2011, after being postponed since February. The song was featured in a national campaign for Shiseido's Maquillage range of cosmetics in 2011, which featured Sheena as the spokesperson.

Glico
Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd. (江崎グリコ株式会社, Ezaki Guriko Kabushiki-gaisha), commonly known as Glico, is a Japanese multinational food processing company headquartered in Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka. It does business across 30 countries, in North America, Asia-Pacific and Europe.
Piano Trio No. 2 (Mendelssohn)
The Piano Trio No. 2 in C minor, Op. 66, was written by Felix Mendelssohn in 1845 and published in February 1846. The work is scored for a standard piano trio consisting of violin, cello and piano. Mendelssohn dedicated the work to his close friend and violinist, Louis Spohr, who played through the piece with the composer at least once.

Piano trio
A piano trio is a group of piano and two other instruments, usually a violin and a cello, or a piece of music written for such a group. It is one of the most common forms found in classical chamber music. The term can also refer to a group of musicians who regularly play this repertoire together; for a number of well-known piano trios, see below.

The term "piano trio" is also used for jazz trios, where it most commonly designates a pianist accompanied by bass and drums, though guitar or saxophone may figure as well.
Pristimantis buckleyi
Pristimantis buckleyi is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found on the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Specifically, it occurs on the both flanks of the Cordillera Central and on the eastern flank of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia, and on the Cordillera Real in Ecuador south Cayambe, at elevations of 2,500–3,700 m (8,200–12,100 ft) asl.

Pristimantis buckleyi is named after Mr. Buckley, the collector of the type series from Intac, Imbabura Province of Ecuador.

Cordillera Real (Ecuador)
The Cordillera Real (also Cordillera of Quito, Cordillera Central of Ecuador) is a chain of mountains in the Andes of Ecuador, the largest of them volcanic. They are continued by the Cordillera Central of Peru to the south and the Cordillera Central of Colombia to the north. The Cordillera Real includes Antisana, Cotopaxi, and Cayambe, while Chimborazo is in the Cordillera Occidental.

The geology of the Cordillera Real includes metamorphic rock of sedimentary origin in addition to S-type granites dated to the early Mesozoic (>200 million years ago).
Wadsley
Wadsley is a suburb of the City of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. It stands 3 miles (5 km) north-west of the city centre at an approximate grid reference of SK321905. At the 2011 Census the suburb fell within the Hillsborough ward of the City.  Wadsley was formerly a rural village which was engulfed by the expansion of Sheffield in the early part of the 20th century.

Sheffield City Council
Sheffield City Council is the local authority for the City of Sheffield, a metropolitan borough with city status in South Yorkshire, England. The council consists of 84 councillors, elected to represent 28 wards, each with three councillors. It is currently under no overall control, with Labour, the Liberal Democrats and the Green Party each holding chair positions in a proportionate number of committees.
Eek-A-Mouse
Ripton Joseph Hylton (born 19 November 1957), known artistically as Eek-A-Mouse, is a Jamaican reggae musician. He is one of the earliest artists to be described as a singjay. He is known for pioneering his own style of scatting, differing from the-then toasting deejays in the 1980s. Apart from his distinctive vocal style, Eek-A-Mouse has been noted for often wearing flashy and eccentric costumes during his performances. In a 1985 interview, he explained: "Entertaining is not just singing and rapping to audiences. People want to see you in costume and dancing."

Scat singing
Originating in vocal jazz, scat singing or scatting is vocal improvisation with wordless vocables, nonsense syllables or without words at all. In scat singing, the singer improvises melodies and rhythms using the voice solely as an instrument rather than a speaking medium. This is different from vocalese, which uses recognizable lyrics that are sung to pre-existing instrumental solos.
Northwestern Polytechnical University
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU; 西北工业大学) is a public science and engineering university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

State Key Laboratories
The State Key Laboratories (simplified Chinese: 国家重点实验室; traditional Chinese: 國家重點實驗室; pinyin: guójiā zhòngdiǎn shíyànshì) is a critical grouping of university and enterprise research institutions and laboratories receiving funding, administrative support and developmental guidance from the central government of China.

These labs often specialize in areas such as:

Chemistry

Mathematics and Physics

Geology

Biotechnology

Information technology

Materials science

Engineering

Medicine

According to the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, as of 2023, there were 533 State Key Laboratories approved in China.

The following lists the 73 universities in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau with at least one state key laboratory:

Most of the universities with SKL in mainland China are Double First Class Universities, approved by the central government of the People's Republic of China.
Kisiba
Kisiba is an administrative ward in the Rungwe district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 7,306 people in the ward, from 6,629 in 2012.: 98 : 115

Mbeya Region
Mbeya Region (Mkoa wa Mbeya in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,954 km2 (13,882 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Mbeya Region is bordered to the east by Singida Region, Iringa Region and Njombe Region. The region is bordered to the south by Malawi and Lake Nyasa. To the north the region borders southern Tabora Region. Lastly, Mbeya is bordered to the west by Songwe Region. The regional capital is the city of Mbeya. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,343,754.
William Beutenmuller
William Beutenmuller (March 31, 1864 - February 24, 1934), was an American entomologist who served as curator of entomology at the American Museum of Natural History (1888-1912), editor of the Journal of the New York Entomological Society (1893-1903), and president of the New York Entomological Society (1900). He published numerous scientific articles on many insect groups, including beetles, flies, gall wasps, and butterflies and moths.

Beutenmuller was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, and attended school in New York. He was married to scientific illustrator Edna Hyatt. He lived his later years in Tenafly, New Jersey, and died of heart disease at Englewood Hospital in 1934.

New York Entomological Society
The New York Entomological Society was founded in 1892. The Brooklyn Entomological Society merged with the Society in 1968. The Society publishes Entomologica Americana which is the successor to the Journal of the New York Entomological Society.

A related society, the New York Entomological Club, briefly existed between 1880 and 1882. It published the first two volumes of Papilio, a journal entirely devoted to Lepidoptera, during the years 1881 and 1882. After the society's activities ceased, two more volumes of Papilio were published between 1883 and 1884, after which the journal ceased publication.
Whodunit
A whodunit (less commonly spelled as whodunnit; a colloquial elision of "Who [has] done it?") is a complex plot-driven variety of detective fiction in which the puzzle regarding who committed the crime is the main focus. The reader or viewer is provided with the clues to the case, from which the identity of the perpetrator may be deduced before the story provides the revelation itself at its climax. The investigation is usually conducted by an eccentric, amateur, or semi-professional detective.

Detective
A detective is an investigator, usually a member of a law enforcement agency. They often collect information to solve crimes by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads them to arrest criminals and enable them to be convicted in court. A detective may work for the police or privately.
December 1945 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, December 19, 1945, with an umbral magnitude of 1.3424. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 1.6 days after perigee (on December 17, 1945, at 12:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.
Kvitskarvet
Kvitskarvet is a mountain in Nathorst Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 1,102 m.a.s.l. The glacier of Kvitskarvbreen extends northwestwards from Kvitskarvet to the valley of Bromelldalen, and Sysselmannbreen extends southwestwards from Kvitskarvet to the valley of Steenstrupdalen.

Steenstrupdalen
Steenstrupdalen is a valley in Nathorst Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after Danish geologist Knud Johannes Vogelius Steenstrup.
The valley is surrounded by the mountains of Otto Pettersonfjellet, Marlowfjellet and Brogniartfjella. The glaciers of Sysselmannbreen and Steenstrupbreen end up into the valley.