hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wafering
Wafering is the process by which a silicon crystal (boule) is made into wafers. This process is usually carried out by a multi-wire saw which cuts multiple wafers from the same crystal at the same time. These wafers are then polished to the desired degree of flatness and thickness.

In the past, conventional circular saws were used during the 1950s and 1960s, followed by inner diameter saws in the 1970s and 1980s. These saws had diamond particles embedded into their blades to cut silicon. Multi-wire saws were introduced during the early 2000s. The motivation behind this evolution was to reduce material losses from the saw's kerf, and to improve wafer's surface quality, flatness, and bow.

Saw
A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge used to cut through material. Various terms are used to describe toothed and abrasive saws.

Saws began as serrated materials, and when mankind learned how to use iron, it became the preferred material for saw blades of all kinds. There are numerous types of hand saws and mechanical saws, and different types of blades and cuts.
Sárbogárd
Sárbogárd (German: Bochart) is a town in Fejér county, Hungary. The town is at the intersection of important railroad routes in Hungary: this is where electrified routes from Balaton and Pécs merge with non-electrified railways from Baja and Szekszárd. A double electrified track runs from Sárbogárd to Budapest allowing MÁV trains to provide quick access to the capital.

Fejér County
Fejér (Hungarian: Fejér vármegye, pronounced [ˈfɛjeːr]) is an administrative county in central Hungary. It lies on the west bank of the river Danube and nearly touches the eastern shore of Lake Balaton. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Veszprém, Komárom-Esztergom County, Pest, Bács-Kiskun County, Tolna and Somogy. The capital of Fejér county is Székesfehérvár.
Riverside Inn (Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania)
The Riverside Inn was a hotel and dinner theater in Cambridge Springs, Crawford County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Built in the late-1880s at the height of the mineral springs craze in the United States, it was operated as a resort for vacationers heading to the nearby springs that gave Cambridge Springs its name. The Riverside Inn was the first of many resorts to be built during that period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The Riverside Inn was destroyed by fire in the early morning of May 2, 2017.

Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Crawford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,938. Its county seat is Meadville. The county was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named for Colonel William Crawford. The county is part of the Northwest region of the commonwealth.

Crawford County comprises the Meadville micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Erie-Meadville combined statistical area.
Jinan railway station
Jinan railway station (Chinese: 济南站) is a railway station in Jinan, Shandong, China. It is on both the Beijing-Shanghai Railway and Qingdao-Jinan Passenger Railway. It accommodates intercity High Speed services towards destinations as Qingdao, Qingdao North, Yantai, Weihai, Rongcheng and Longkou.

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
Karen Jankowski
Karen Jankowski is an American rally team owner, driver & co-driver from Manteca, California. She began her racing career in 2006, and is most closely associated with David Sterckx and Doug Shepherd, with whom she won the Rally America USA championships in 2008 and 2013.

Starting out volunteering for a rally team as their team manager, Jankowski moved to co-driving in 2006 at the Oregon Trail Rally in Portland, Oregon. Since 2006, she has competed throughout North America in the NASA, Rally America, Canadian Rally, and Targa events in Canada and Mexico. She has co-driven for Joseph Burke, Jeff Seehorn, Doug Shepherd, Frank Sprongl, Lauchlin O' Sullivan, and David Sterckx.

Jankowski has competed in a total of 140 events, with 6 wins and 6 USA National Class Championships. She continues to race in North America.

Rally America
The Rally America National Championship was the national championship of rallying events in the United States. The inaugural season was in 2005. Rally America was also the name given to the organization that sanctioned the championship, was briefly rebranded to RallyCar in July 2010, then reverted to Rally America the following year.
Black Bloc (Sudan)
The Black Bloc (Arabic: الكتلة السوداء) was a political organisation in Sudan which aimed to represent the interests of Black Sudanese. The Black Bloc emerged in 1948 and was active throughout the colonial period. It was based in the Nuba Mountains. The Black Bloc faced resistance from other Sudanese political parties, who labelled it a racist organisation. The British colonial authorities, under pressure from these groups, denied the Black Bloc the ability to register itself as a political party.

Nuba Mountains
The Nuba Mountains (Arabic: جبال النوبة), also referred to as the Nuba Hills, are an area located in South Kordofan, Sudan. The area is home to a group of indigenous ethnic groups known collectively as the Nuba peoples. They are not the same as the Nubians who are indigenous to north Sudan. Rather their name is derived from the name of the mountains, “Nuba”. In Antiquity, the area was a part of the Kingdom of Kush. In the Middle Ages, the Nuba mountains had been part of the Nubian kingdom of Alodia. In the 18th century, they became home to the kingdom of Taqali that controlled the hills of the mountains until their defeat by Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad. After the British defeated the Mahdi army, Taqali was restored as a client state. Infiltration of the Messiria tribe and Muraheleen of Baggara Arabs has been influential in modern conflicts. Up to 1.5 million people live in the mountains, mostly ethnic Nuba, with a small minority of Baggara.
Kiri (given name)
Kiri is a given name appearing in various cultures.

In Cambodian or Khmer, "Kiri" (or alternatively spelt "Kiry") means mountain summit.

In Māori, "kiri" means "skin", "bark", or "rind".

In Finland, Kiri (male) name is listed in Finnish orthodox calendar. The name is a short version of Kyriakos (Saint Cyriacus the Anchorite.

Kiri Te Kanawa (born 1944), New Zealand opera singer

Kim Kiri (born 1985), South Korean comedian

Kiri Baga (born 1995), American figure skater

Kiri Davis (fl. 2000s), African-American filmmaker

Kiri Pritchard-McLean (born 1986), British comedian

Kim Kiri
Kim Ki-ri (Korean: 김기리, born November 27, 1985), sometimes romanized as Kim Kilee or Kim Giri, is a South Korean comedian best known from his appearances on the comedy sketch show Gag Concert aired by KBS2.
Beinn na h-Eaglaise (Graham)
Beinn na h-Eaglaise (736 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It lies in Wester Ross, south of the village of Torridon.

A steep mountain, it has a very craggy north east face and is almost entirely surrounded by stalker's paths. The view from the summit takes in the peak's famous neighbours such as the Munros Liathach and Maol Cheann-dearg.

Torridon
Torridon (Scottish Gaelic: Toirbheartan) is a small village in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. The name is also applied to the area surrounding the village, particularly the Torridon Hills, mountains to the north of Glen Torridon. The village lies on the shore of Loch Torridon.
Greta Grönholm
Greta Alexandra Grönholm (8 June 1923 – 12 June 2015) was a Finnish sprint canoer who competed in the early 1950s. She won a gold medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Copenhagen. Grönholm was born in Ekenäs in June 1923 and died in June 2015 at the age of 92.

1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark. This event was held under the International Canoe Federation.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. Events that debuted at these championships were C-1 10000 m and K-4 10000 m.

This was the third championships in canoe sprint.
Lavant (river)
The Lavant (Slovene: Labotnica) is a river in the Austrian state of Carinthia, a left tributary of the Drava. It lends its name to the Lavanttal valley as well as to the Lavanttal Alps.

The river originates in the small Lake Lavant (Lavantsee) at the southern slope of the Zirbitzkogel mountain in Styria, at a height of 2,053 m (6,736 ft). It then runs southeastwards and after 11.2 kilometres (7.0 mi) reaches the border with Carinthia. The river flows down the Lavanttal valley with the towns of Bad Sankt Leonhard, Wolfsberg and Sankt Andrä, until it reaches the Drava shortly before the border to Slovenia. Its drainage basin is 968.7 km2 (374.0 sq mi).

The water quality has been affected by large-scale river regulations between the 1930s and 1980s.  Most parts of the Lavant belong to the trout zone, while the lowest sections are characterised by barbels.

The name Lavant stems from the Pre-Celtic period, meaning "shining river" in Indo-European.

Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options.
El-Shams Stadium
The El-Shams Stadium (Egyptian Arabic: استاد الشمس, Egyptian Pronunciation: Estad El Shams) is a multi-use stadium with an all-seated capacity of 15,000 located in Cairo Governorate, Egypt. It is the home for El Shams SC and was used as a training center by Ivory Coast at the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.

El Shams SC
El Shams SC (Arabic: الشمس; lit. 'The Sun Sporting Club') is an Egyptian football and basketball club based in Cairo, Egypt.
They are currently a member of Egyptian Second Division, the second flight of Egyptian football.
Kongsvang tram stop
Kongsvang tram stop is a tram station serving the district of Viby in the city of Aarhus in Jutland, Denmark. The tram stop is located on the Odder Line between Aarhus and Odder, part of Aarhus Letbane (Aarhus light rail). The Fredericia-Aarhus Line passes through the station. Until 2016 this was a railway halt, part of Aarhus Nærbane. From 2016 to 2018, the station was temporarily closed along with the Grenaa Line while being reconstructed  and electrified to form part of the Aarhus light rail system.

Tram stop
A tram stop, tram station, streetcar stop, or light rail station is a place designated for a tram, streetcar, or light rail vehicle to stop so passengers can board or alight it. Generally, tram stops share most characteristics of bus stops, but because trams operate on rails, they often include railway platforms, especially if stepless entries are provided for accessibility. However, trams may also be used with bus stop type flags and with mid-street pavements as platforms, in street running mode.
Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 2nd Baron Masham
Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 2nd Baron Masham (1857-24 January 1917) was an English baron and industrialist.

He was born in 1857, the son of Samuel Lister, 1st Baron Masham, and was educated at Harrow and St John's College, Oxford. Like his father, who he succeeded to the peerage in 1906, he was a prominent Yorkshire industrialist.

He never married, and on his death, his title was inherited by his younger brother, John Cunliffe Lister, 3rd Baron Masham.

St John's College, Oxford
St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary.

St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with assets worth over £790 million as of 2022, largely due to nineteenth-century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.

The college occupies a site on St Giles' and in 2024 had a student body of 419 undergraduates and 244 postgraduates. There are over 100 academic staff, and a like number of other staff. In 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results, and in 2021, St John's ranked second with a score of 79.8.
Ron Stevens (canoeist)
Ronaldus Cornelis "Ron" Stevens (born 15 February 1959 in Lienden, Gelderland) is a Dutch sprint canoeist who competed in the early to mid-1980s. He won a silver in the K-2 10000 m event at the 1982 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Belgrade.

Stevens also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of seventh in the K-2 1000 m event at Moscow in 1980.

Lienden
Lienden is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Buren, and lies about 9 km south of Veenendaal.

Lienden was a separate municipality until 1999, when it was merged with Buren.
Snow's Island
Snow's Island is an area of swampy lowlands along the Pee Dee River in Florence County, South Carolina.  The area is historically significant as the headquarters during the American Revolutionary War for forces led by Francis Marion (1732-1795), a South Carolina militia officer who is celebrated as the "Swamp Fox." Employing guerrilla war tactics, Marion significantly contributed to the American war effort by conducting numerous raids on British outposts."  The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.

Florence County, South Carolina
Florence County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 137,059. Its county seat is Florence. Florence County is included in the Florence, South Carolina metropolitan area.
1994 Tokyo Indoor – Singles
The Men’s Singles tournament of the 1994 Tokyo Indoor tennis championship took place in Tokyo, Japan, between 10 October and 16 October 1994. 64 players from 16 countries competed in the 6-round tournament. The final winner was Goran Ivanišević of Croatia, who defeated Michael Chang of the US. The defending champion from 1993, Ivan Lendl, did not compete.

Michael Chang
Michael Te-pei Chang (born February 22, 1972) is an American former professional tennis player and coach. He was ranked world No. 2 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1996. Chang is the youngest man in history to win a singles major, winning the 1989 French Open at 17 years and 109 days old. He won a total of 34 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including seven Masters titles, and was a three-time major runner-up.

Chang was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2008. He coached Kei Nishikori from 2014 to 2025, and currently coaches Learner Tien.
Alan Willett
Alan Willett (June 27, 1947 – September 8, 1999) was executed at age 52 for the 1993 murders of his 13-year-old son, Eric, and his mentally disabled brother, Roger Willett, in Johnson County, Arkansas.  Willett's daughter Ruby Ann Willett and another son, Jonathan, survived the attack.

Johnson County, Arkansas
Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,749. The county seat is Clarksville. Johnson County is Arkansas's 30th county, formed on November 16, 1833, from a portion of Pope County and named for Benjamin Johnson, a Territorial Judge. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.
Eddie G. Robinson Memorial Stadium
Eddie G. Robinson Memorial Stadium is a 19,600-seat multi-purpose stadium in Grambling, Louisiana. It opened in 1983 and is home to the Grambling State Tigers football team and Grambling High School Kittens football team.  The stadium is named in honor of famous Grambling State University head football coach, Eddie Robinson. It replaced Grambling Stadium. The stadium is oftentimes affectionately referred to as "The Hole" due to the topography of the stadium area.

In 2017, approximately $2 million worth of stadium upgrades were completed. Included in the upgrades were installing new artificial turf, a new larger scoreboard,  additional parking and additional tailgating areas.

Grambling, Louisiana
Grambling is a city in Lincoln Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 5,239 in 2020. The city is home to Grambling State University and is part of the Ruston micropolitan statistical area.

Grambling was designated a "city" in the early 1990s (either in 1992 or 1993), but was erroneously considered a "town" during the 2000 census.

The city is named after P. G. Grambling.
Charles Gurdon
Charles Gurdon (3 December 1855 – 26 June 1931) was an English barrister, judge, rower and rugby union forward who played club rugby for Cambridge University and Richmond. Gurdon represented England fourteen times during the early development of international rugby union, once as captain. He and his brother Edward Temple Gurdon formed one of the most notable sibling pairings in English rugby.

Richmond F.C.
Richmond Rugby Club is a rugby union club in Richmond, London, England. It is a founding member of the Rugby Football Union, and is one of the oldest football clubs (of any code). It fields teams in both men's and women's rugby; the men's first team currently play in Champ Rugby in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, following their promotion from the 2024–25 National League 1, while the women's first team play in the Women's Championship.
FIDE Women's Grand Swiss Tournament 2025
The FIDE Women's Grand Swiss Tournament 2025 was the third edition of the FIDE Women's Grand Swiss Tournament, a chess tournament that forms part of the qualification cycle for the Women's World Chess Championship. It was an 11-round Swiss-system tournament with 56 players competing from 4 September to 15 September 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. The winner, Vaishali Rameshbabu, and the runner-up, Kateryna Lagno, earned the right to the play in the Women's Candidates Tournament 2026.

The event was held at the same time and venue as the FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament 2025. Divya Deshmukh and Aleksandra Goryachkina, who had already qualified for the Women's Candidates, had played in the open event rather than the women's event.

Divya Deshmukh
Divya Deshmukh (born 9 December 2005) is an Indian chess grandmaster. She has won two gold medals and one bronze medal at the Women's Chess Olympiad. Deshmukh won the Women's Chess World Cup 2025 and qualified for the Women's Candidates Tournament 2026. She has also won golds at the Asian Championship, the World Junior Championship and the World Youth Championship. She won the women's edition of National Premier Chess Championship in both 2021 and 2022 consecutively.
Antoine Philippe de La Trémoille
Antoine Philippe de La Trémoïlle, Prince of Talmont (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan filip də la tʁemuj]; 27 September 1765 – 27 January 1794) was a French noble and royalist notable for his military involvement against the French Revolution.

Hussar
A hussar was a member of a class of light cavalry, originally from the Kingdom of Hungary during the 15th and 16th centuries. The title and distinctive dress of these horsemen were subsequently widely adopted by light cavalry regiments in European armies during the late 17th and 18th centuries. By the 19th century, hussars were wearing jackets decorated with braid plus shako or busby fur hats and had developed a romanticized image of being dashing and adventurous.

Several modern armies retain the designation of hussars for armored (tank) units. In addition, a number of mounted units survive which wear historical hussar uniforms on parade or while providing ceremonial escorts.
Heads or Tales
Heads or Tales is the fifth studio album by the Canadian progressive rock band Saga, released in 1983. The album was the second of the band's to be produced by Rupert Hine.  Although it did not attain the same commercial success and status of the previous collaboration between the band and Hine, Worlds Apart (1981), both "The Flyer" and "Cat Walk" became respectable radio hits for the band with the album eventually securing gold status in Canada (50,000) and Germany (250,000). A third single from the album, "Scratching the Surface", became a live staple and fan favourite in the band's concert line-up during the late-1990s and 2000s as a piano solo played by Jim Gilmour during a break by the other band members. The song reached #45 in the Canadian Singles charts, April 1984.

Rupert Hine
Rupert Neville Hine (21 September 1947 – 4 June 2020) was an English record producer and musician. He produced albums for artists including Rush, Kevin Ayers, Tina Turner, Howard Jones, Saga, the Fixx, Bob Geldof, Thompson Twins, Stevie Nicks, Chris de Burgh, Suzanne Vega, Underworld, Duncan Sheik, Formula and Eleanor McEvoy. Additionally, Hine recorded eleven albums, including those billed under his own name, the pseudo-band name Thinkman, and as a member of the band Quantum Jump; with the latter, he achieved a number 5 hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1979, "The Lone Ranger". Additionally, he composed for film and television soundtracks, including the 1989 Ian Fleming biopic Goldeneye and the black comedy Better Off Dead.
Donna Daley-Clarke
Donna Daley-Clarke (born London) is a British novelist. Her book Lazy Eye won the 2006 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Best First Book, Europe and South Asia.

She is a graduate of the University of East Anglia.

Commonwealth Foundation prizes
Commonwealth Foundation has presented a number of prizes since 1987. The main award was called the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and was composed of two prizes: the Best Book Prize (overall and regional) was awarded from 1987 to 2011; the Best First Book prize was awarded from 1989 to 2011. In addition the Commonwealth Short Story Competition was awarded from 1996 to 2011.

Beginning in 2012, Commonwealth Foundation discontinued its previous awards and created a new cultural initiative called Commonwealth Writers, which offered two new awards: the Commonwealth Book Prize for the best first book, in which regional winners received £2,500 and the overall winner received £10,000; and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for the best short stories, in which regional winners received £1,000 and the overall winner received £5,000. After two years, the Book Prize was discontinued. The Short Story Prize remains the sole award from Commonwealth Writers.
Novyye Kazanchi
Novyye Kazanchi (Russian: Новые Казанчи; Bashkir: Яңы Ҡаҙансы, Yañı Qaźansı) is a rural locality (a village) in Askinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 443 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

Askinsky District
Askinsky District (Russian: А́скинский райо́н; Bashkir: Асҡын районы, Asqın rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is 2,542 square kilometers (981 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Askino. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,272, with the population of Askino accounting for 32.5% of that number.