hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Department of Higher Education and Training
The Department of Higher Education and Training is one of the departments of the South African government. It oversees universities and other post-secondary education in South Africa. It was created in 2009 after the election of President Jacob Zuma, when the former Department of Education was divided.

The political head of the department is the Minister of Higher Education and Training; as of February 2018 this is Naledi Pandor. The department is headquartered in Pretoria in what used to be known as Sol Plaatje House, named after the author and political activist Sol Plaatje. The name Sol Plaatje House is now used for the new Department of Basic Education building.

The Department issues a journal rank called "List of Approved South African Journals", used as a criterion for South African scholars and scientists to receive recognition for their academic publishing productivity and for journal editors and publishers to receive monetary compensation from the government.

Minister of Higher Education (South Africa)
The Minister of Higher Education is the minister in the Cabinet of South Africa with responsibility for higher education in South Africa. The post was created as the Minister of Higher Education and Training in May 2009. It was called the Minister of Higher Education, Science and Technology between May 2019 and June 2024.

The role is currently held by African National Congress member Buti Manamela, who was sworn in on 21 July 2025.

The position complements the Minister of Basic Education, who leads the Department of Basic Education, and is therefore responsible for primary and secondary education in South Africa.
Silverliner
Silverliner is the name given to a series of electric multiple unit (EMU) railcars in commuter rail service in the Philadelphia area since 1958.  As of the introduction of the Silverliner V in 2009–2010, there have been 5 generations of Silverliner cars, identified by the Roman numerals I through V placed after the name Silverliner.  The Silverliner name came from the classes' shiny stainless steel body shell, which contrasted with the painted and frequently rusting carbon steel railcars used by the Pennsylvania and Reading Railroads between 1915 and 1936.  Applied to the first large production order in 1963, the cars made such an impression that the name has since been applied to all subsequent MU classes purchased by SEPTA for the Regional Rail services.

Penn Central Transportation Company
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), each of which were united by large-scale service into the New York metropolitan area and to a lesser extent New England and Chicago.

Barely two years after its formation, the new company failed, representing the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at the time. Penn Central's railroad assets were subsequently nationalized into Conrail along with those of other bankrupt northeastern railroads; its real estate and insurance holdings successfully reorganized into American Premier Underwriters.
Konstanty Andrzej Kulka
Konstanty Andrzej Kulka (born 5 March 1947) is a Polish violinist, recording artist, and professor of the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in Warsaw since 1994, also heading the Institute of String Instruments there. Kulka graduated with honors from the Stanisław Moniuszko Academy of Music in Gdańsk in 1971. He played over 1,500 recitals internationally, including in the United States, Japan, and Australia. Kulka is a guest performer with the Berliner Philharmoniker, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, English Chamber Orchestra, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam, Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, and Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra. He took part in leading music festivals including in Lucerne, Bordeaux, Flandria, Berlin, Prague, Barcelona, Brighton, and Warsaw.

Lists of violinists
The following lists of violinists are available on Wikipedia:

List of classical violinists

List of contemporary classical violinists

List of jazz violinists

List of popular music violinists

List of Indian violinists

List of Persian violinists

List of electric violinists

List of fiddlers

List of female violinists
Scientology controversies
Since its inception in 1954, the Church of Scientology has been involved in a number of controversies, including its stance on psychiatry, Scientology's legitimacy as a religion, the Church's aggressive attitude in dealing with its perceived enemies and critics, allegations of mistreatment of members, and predatory financial practices; for example, the high cost of religious training:191 and perceived exploitative practices. When mainstream media outlets have reported alleged abuses, representatives of the Church have tended to deny such allegations.

Citizens Commission on Human Rights
Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR) is a lobbying organization founded in 1969 by the Church of Scientology and psychiatrist Thomas Szasz.: 170 : 294  Headquartered in Los Angeles, California, its stated mission is to "eradicate abuses committed under the guise of mental health and enact patient and consumer protections." It is regarded by most non-Scientologists as a Scientology front group whose purpose is to push the organization's anti-psychiatry agenda.
Andreas Frisk
Andreas Frisk (born January 5, 1984) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman, currently playing for Vålerenga of the Norwegian GET-ligaen.

Andreas played for AIK until he left for Vålerenga in 2008. He spent almost two years in Norway, playing part of his second season for IK Comet. He then returned to Sweden to play for Örebro HK, which he stayed with for three seasons, before returning to AIK in 2012.

AIK IF
Allmänna Idrottsklubben Ishockeyförening (abbreviated AIK IF, also known as AIK Hockey, often abbreviated AIK in hockey subjects), is the ice hockey department of sports club AIK based in Stockholm, Sweden. Since 2014, AIK's men's team compete in HockeyAllsvenskan, the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden, following a four-year spell in the top flight, the SHL. The women's team competes in Swedish Women's Hockey League, the highest division of women's ice hockey. AIK's home games are mainly played at Hovet, which seats 8,094 spectators, though some high-profile games may be played at Avicii Arena which has a larger capacity of 13,850.

In the team's 104-year history, AIK has played 66 seasons in Sweden's top division, 27 of which in the SHL. They have won the Le Mat Trophy as Swedish champions in ice hockey seven times (in 1934, 1935, 1938, 1946, 1947, 1982, and 1984) and have been runners-up an additional six times (in 1930, 1936, 1940, 1968, 1978, and 1981).
Sonora State Highway 163
Sonora State Highway 163 (Carretera Estatal 163) is a highway in the south of the Mexican state of Sonora.

It runs from Navojoa Airport to the junction with Mexican Federal Highway 15. Its total length is 1.4 km.

Navojoa Airport
Navojoa National Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Nacional de Navojoa) (ICAO: MMNV, FAA LID: NVJ) is an airfield located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico. It serves domestic air traffic for the city of Navojoa, supporting general aviation activities. It does not provide scheduled passenger public flights. The nearest airport that serves commercial flights is Ciudad Obregon International Airport.

Situated at an elevation of 44 metres (144 ft) above mean sea level, the airport features a single asphalt runway, designated as 03/21, measuring 1,700 by 23 metres (5,577 by 75 ft). Adjacent facilities include several hangars and an apron with parking positions for small aircraft.
Lisie Jamy, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Lisie Jamy [ˈliɕɛ ˈjamɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mniów, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Mniów and 21 km (13 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
MLB 14: The Show
MLB 14: The Show is a 2014 baseball video game developed by San Diego Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita. A PlayStation 4 version was released the same year. It is the ninth installment in the MLB: The Show series and the first to be released on the PlayStation 4. Detroit Tigers first baseman Miguel Cabrera is the featured athlete on the cover. As with the previous two entries, Canada has a unique cover, with Toronto Blue Jays third baseman Brett Lawrie on the cover.

Matt Vasgersian, Eric Karros, and Steve Lyons did the play-by-play action. Mike Carlucci returned as P.A. Announcer.

In March 2015, Sony announced the multiplayer support of the game would be shut down on June 18, 2015.

Steve Lyons (baseball)
Stephen John Lyons (born June 3, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player who previously worked as a television sportscaster for the New England Sports Network (NESN). He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams over a period of nine seasons (1985–1993), including four stints with the Boston Red Sox. He was initially an outfielder and third baseman, but found a niche as a utility player. After his retirement as a player, he became a television baseball commentator. In 2021, NESN announced Lyons would not be returning to his in-studio pre- and post-game analyst role.
History of the hamburger in the United States
A hamburger is a specific type of burger. It is a sandwich that consists of a cooked ground beef meat patty, placed between halves of a sliced bun. Hamburgers are often served with various condiments, such as dill relish (condiment), mayonnaise, and other options including lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, and cheese.

Patty
A patty is a flattened, usually round, serving of ground meat or legumes, grains, vegetables, or meat alternatives. Common ground meat used include beef, chicken, and salmon. Patties are found in multiple cuisines throughout the world.

The ingredients are compacted and shaped, usually cooked, and served in various ways.
Sri Lanka's Got Talent season 1
The first season of Sri Lankan talent show competition series Sri Lanka's Got Talent was broadcast on Sirasa TV from 3 March to 30 September 2018. The judge board included Jackson Anthony, Soundarie David Rodrigo and Tillakaratne Dilshan with Lahiru Perera, Dilhani Ekanayake, Bathiya Jayakody and Pubudu Chathuranga serving as the guest judges for each semifinal respectively.

The season was won by the Angampora Pool of the Sri Lanka Air Force, with the fast mental arithmetic act Nimna Hiranya coming in second and the fire dance act Nipuni Sithara placing third.

Sri Lanka Air Force
The Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF; Sinhala: ශ්‍රි ලංකා ගුවන් හමුදාව, romanized: Śrī Laṃkā guwan hamudāva; Tamil: இலங்கை விமானப்படை, romanized: Ilaṅkai vimāṉappaṭai) is the air arm and the youngest of the three components of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. It was founded in 1951 as the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCyAF) with the assistance of the Royal Air Force (RAF). The SLAF played a major role throughout the Sri Lankan Civil War. The SLAF operates more than 160 aircraft.

The Commander of the Air Force is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Air Force who holds the rank of Air Marshal.
1963 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1963 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 75th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 27 January 1963. The championship began on 7 April 1963 and ended on 29 September 1963.

Glen Rovers were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by University College Cork in the first round.

On 29 September 1963, University College Cork won the championship following a 4–17 to 5–6 defeat of Blackrock in the final. This was their first championship title.

Mossie Finn from the St. Finbarr's club was the championship's top scorer with 4–15.

Mossie Finn
Maurice "Mossie" Finn (1931 - 31 March 2009) was an Irish hurler who played as a right wing-forward at senior level for the Cork county team.

Born in Togher, Finn first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor team. He made his senior debut during the 1951 championship. Finn went on to play a brief role for Cork, and won one All-Ireland medal and one Munster medal as a non-playing substitute.

At club level Finn was a one-time championship medallist with St Finbarr's.

Finn retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1956 championship.
Arne Halse
Arne Halse (20 October 1887 – 3 July 1975) was a Norwegian athlete who specialized in the different forms of javelin throw. He represented Trondhjems IF and later SK Brage, both in Trondheim.

At the 1906 Summer Olympics, he finished seventh in the freestyle javelin throw. At the 1908 Summer Olympics he won a silver medal in the regular javelin throw, a bronze medal in freestyle and finished fifth in shot put. At the 1912 Summer Olympics, he finished seventh in the regular javelin throw and fifth in the two-handed javelin throw.

He became Norwegian champion in javelin throw in 1905–1907 and 1909 and in shot put in 1906–1907 and 1909.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's two handed javelin throw
The men's two handed javelin throw was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme.  It was the only appearance of the event at the Olympics, along with the other two handed throws.  The format of the event was such that each thrower threw the javelin three times with his right hand and three times with his left hand.  The best distance with each hand was summed to give a total.  The three finalists received three more throws with each hand. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.
Tikeyevo
Tikeyevo (Russian: Тикеево; Bashkir: Тәкәй, Täkäy) is a rural locality (a village) in Nadezhdinsky Selsoviet, Iglinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 117 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Iglinsky District
Iglinsky District (Russian: Игли́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Иглин районы, İglin rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Nurimanovsky District in the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast in the east, Arkhangelsky District in the south, Karmaskalinsky District in the southwest, Ufimsky District in the west, and with Blagoveshchensky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,450 square kilometers (950 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Iglino. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 49,675, with the population of Iglino accounting for 33.8% of that number.
Calligraffiti
Calligraffiti is an art form that combines calligraphy, typography, and graffiti. It can be classified as either abstract expressionism or abstract vandalism. It is defined as a visual art that integrates letters into compositions that attempt to communicate a broader message through writing that has been aesthetically altered to move beyond the literal meaning. Simply put, it is the conscious effort of making a word or group of words into a visual composition. As such it is meant to be both an aesthetic experience and provocative art—mixing tradition and precision with modern unbridled self-expression.

Hossein Zenderoudi
Charles Hossein Zenderoudi (Persian: (شارل) حسین زنده‌رودی; born March 11, 1937) is an Iranian painter, calligrapher and sculptor, known as a pioneer of Iranian modern art and as one of the earliest artists to incorporate Persian calligraphy elements into his artwork. He is a pioneer of the  Saqqakhaneh School of Art, a genre of neo-traditional modern art founded in Iran that is rooted in the history of Persian coffee-house paintings and Persian Shia visual elements. He lives in Paris and New York.
Isuzu Journey-K
The Isuzu Erga Journey-K (kana:いすゞ・ジャーニーK) was a midibus built by Isuzu of Japan from 1984 to 1999. The range was primarily available as a public bus and an intercity bus either as an integral bus or a bus chassis.

It can be either offered as Two Step (known as step entrance) or One Step (known as low entry) in lengths 9m only. It was superseded by the Isuzu Erga Mio in 2000.

Chassis
A chassis (US: /ˈtʃæ.si/, UK: /ˈʃæ.si/; plural chassis /-iz/ from French châssis [ʃɑsi]), is the load-bearing framework of a manufactured object, which structurally supports the object in its construction and function. An example of a chassis is a vehicle frame, the underpart of a motor vehicle, on which the body is mounted; if the running gear such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as a rolling chassis.
FC Gara Altyn
Gara Altyn Sport Kluby is a Turkmenistani football club based in Balkanabat. They played in the top division in Turkmenistani football in 2008. Their home stadium is Balkanabat Stadium which can hold 10,000 people. Last time played at 2011 Ýokary Liga.

Demographics of Turkmenistan
The Demographics of Turkmenistan is about the demographic features of the population of Turkmenistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status,  religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The ethnic majority in Turkmenistan call themselves Turkmen.
Heminautilus
Heminautilus is an extinct genus of nautiloids from the nautilacean family Cenoceratidae that lived during the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of Heminautilus have been registered in rocks of Barremian and Aptian age. Nautiloids are a subclass of shelled cephalopods that were once diverse and numerous but are now represented by only a handful of species.

Heminautilus has a discoidal compressed involute shell with flanks converging on a narrow flattened outer margin, the venter. Whorls are higher than they are wide. The suture is sinuous with a ventral lobe, subtriangular saddles on the ventral shoulders, broad lateral lobes, and narrow rounded saddles on the umbilical shoulders. The siphuncle is subcentral.

Siphuncle
The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusc. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and Spirula. In the case of the cuttlefish, the siphuncle is indistinct and connects all the small chambers of that animal's highly modified shell; in the other cephalopods it is thread-like and passes through small openings in the septa (walls) dividing the camerae (chambers). Some older studies have used the term siphon for the siphuncle, though this naming convention is uncommon in modern studies to prevent confusion with a mollusc organ of the same name.
Tangafla
Tangafla is a village in northern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Niofoin, Korhogo Department, Poro Region, Savanes District.

Tangafla was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Korhogo Department
Korhogo Department is a department of the Poro Region in Savanes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 748,393 and its seat is the settlement of Korhogo. The sub-prefectures of the department are Dassoungboho, Kanoroba, Karakoro, Kiémou, Kombolokoura, Komborodougou, Koni, Korhogo, Lataha, Nafoun, Napiéolédougou, N'Ganon, Niofoin, Sirasso, Sohouo, and Tioroniaradougou.
Arnouville
Arnouville (French pronunciation: [aʁnuvil]) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. Previously known as Arnouville-lès-Gonesse (French pronunciation: [aʁnuvil lɛ ɡɔnɛs] ⓘ, lit. 'Arnouville near Gonesse'), the commune was officially renamed to Arnouville on 11 July 2010.

Lès
The word lès (French pronunciation: [lɛ] ⓘ, and [lɛz‿] with liaison) is an archaic French preposition meaning "near", "nearby", or "next to". Today it occurs only in place names to distinguish places with the same name.

The word lès has two variants: lez and les. The latter should not be confused with the plural definite article les (e.g. les-Bains, "the Baths").
Storm Thief
Storm Thief is a 2006 dystopian science-fiction novel written by Chris Wooding and published by Scholastic Books. It also has elements of the Gothic, tech-punk, and alternate history genres. It is set on a futuristic island-city known as Orokos, which is plagued by deadly "probability storms." It features a group of outcasts on the run, a mysterious artifact, a golem with a shadowed past, an underground resistance movement, a corrupt government, the downfall of two civilizations, and a seabird. The novel displays a number of literary themes, including fate, free will, and redemption.  It received recognition as a 2007 Best Book for Young Adults from the American Library Association.

Golem
A golem (/ˈɡoʊləm/ ⓘ GOH-ləm; Hebrew: גּוֹלֶם‎, romanized: gōlem) is an animated anthropomorphic being in Jewish folklore that is created entirely from inanimate matter, usually clay or mud. The most famous golem narrative involves Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the late-16th-century rabbi of Prague. According to Moment magazine, "the golem is a highly mutable metaphor with seemingly limitless symbolism. It can be a victim or villain, man or woman—or sometimes both. Over the centuries, it has been used to connote war, community, isolation, hope, and despair."

In modern popular culture, the word has become generalized, and any crude automaton  devised by a sorcerer may be termed a "golem".
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Men's 1000 metres
The men's 1000 metres race of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Taereung International Ice Rink, in Seoul, South Korea, was held on 22 November 2014.

The race was won by Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia, while Stefan Groothuis of the Netherlands in second place, and Kjeld Nuis of the Netherlands in third place. Kim Jin-su of South Korea won Division B.

Pavel Kulizhnikov
Pavel Aleksandrovich Kulizhnikov (Russian: Павел Александрович Кулижников; born 20 April 1994) is a Russian speed skater. He won the men's 500 metres event at the 2015 World Single Distance Championships as well as the 2015 World Sprint Championships, becoming the youngest winner since speed skating icon Eric Heiden of the United States. In 2015, he became the first speed skater to finish the 500-meter in under 34 seconds with a world record of 33.98. In 2020 he became the first speed skater to break 1:06 in the 1000 metres. At the 2016 World Single Distance Championships, Kulizhnikov won the men's 500 m and 1000 m, becoming the first man to win gold in both distances at the same speed skating World Single Distances Championships.