hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salamaua
Salamaua (German: Samoahafen) was a small town situated on the northeastern coastline of Papua New Guinea, in Salamaua Rural LLG, Morobe province. The settlement was built on a minor isthmus between the coast with mountains on the inland side and a headland. The closest city is Lae, which can be reached only via boat across the gulf. It was the site of military engagements during the Second World War.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Tyler Roehl
Tyler Roehl (born January 29, 1986) is an American football coach and former running back who is currently the offensive coordinator at Iowa State.  He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football for the North Dakota State Bison. In June 2009, he was placed on the Waived/Injured list. In May 2010, he participated in the Minnesota Vikings rookie mini-camp.  Roehl tried out for the United Football League Las Vegas Locomotives. Roehl was hired as the tight ends and fullbacks coach at his alma mater, North Dakota State, for 2014 season.

Las Vegas Locomotives
The Las Vegas Locomotives (called the Locos for short) were a professional American football team based in Las Vegas, Nevada that played in the United Football League. The team played their home games at Sam Boyd Stadium, home field for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Jim Fassel was the franchise's head coach, president, and general manager. The Locomotives appeared in all three UFL championship games, winning both the 2009 and 2010 iterations; the Locos were also the last of the four charter UFL franchises to remain in their original home city, to retain their original head coach, and to have played all of their home games at the same venue.
Abstract logic
In mathematical logic, an abstract logic is a formal system consisting of a class of sentences and a satisfaction relation with specific properties related to occurrence, expansion, isomorphism, renaming and quantification.

Based on Lindström's characterization, first-order logic is, up to equivalence, the only abstract logic that is countably compact and has Löwenheim number ω.

Formal system
A formal system (or deductive system) is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms.

In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics.
However, in 1931 Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent formal system sufficiently powerful to express basic arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated.

The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal system, but it also refers to a given style of notation, for example, Paul Dirac's bra–ket notation.
Waharoa (Aotea Square sculpture)
Waharoa, also known as Te Waharoa o Aotea, is a public sculpture located in Aotea Square, the city centre of Auckland, New Zealand. The expressionist piece was designed by Selwyn Muru and depicts a waharoa, a traditional Māori gateway in front of a marae ātea; the open meeting courtyard at a marae. Muru took elements from traditional Māori and Pacific art forms, as well as contemporary elements. The work was erected at Aotea Square in 1990 and relocated to its current position in 2010. Artist Mei Hill has described Waharoa as "probably the defining Māori artwork of scale in Auckland".

Tangaroa
Tangaroa (Māori; Takaroa in the South Island dialect; cognate with Tagaloa in Sāmoan) is the great atua of the sea, lakes, rivers, and creatures that live within them, especially fish, in Māori mythology. As Tangaroa-whakamau-tai, he exercises control over the tides. He is sometimes depicted as a whale.

In some of the Cook Islands, he has similar roles, though in Manihiki, he is the fire deity that Māui steals from, which in Māori mythology is instead Mahuika, a goddess of fire.
Recumbent Figure 1938
Recumbent Figure 1938 (LH191) is an early sculpture by Henry Moore.  It was commissioned by the architect Serge Chermayeff for his modernist villa at Bentley Wood, near Halland, Sussex.  At the time it was made, it was Moore's largest stone sculpture.  It was donated to the Tate Gallery in 1939, making it the first example of Moore's work in a public collection.

East Hoathly with Halland
East Hoathly with Halland /ˈhoʊðliː/ is a civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. The parish contains the two villages of East Hoathly and Halland, two miles (3.2 km) to the west; it sits astride the A22 road, six miles (9.6 km) northwest of Hailsham, although the original sharp bend on that road through East Hoathly has now been bypassed. On 1 April 2000 the parish was renamed from East Hoathly to East Hoathly with Halland.
Fischer indole synthesis
The Fischer indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces the aromatic heterocycle indole from a (substituted) phenylhydrazine and an aldehyde or ketone under acidic conditions. The reaction was discovered in 1883 by Emil Fischer. Today antimigraine drugs of the triptan class are often synthesized by this method.

This reaction can be catalyzed by Brønsted acids such as HCl, H2SO4, polyphosphoric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid or Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, zinc chloride, and aluminium chloride.

Several reviews have been published.

Aluminium chloride
Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula AlCl3. It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H2O)6]Cl3, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving them a yellow colour.

The anhydrous form is commercially important. It has a low melting and boiling point. It is mainly produced and consumed in the production of aluminium, but large amounts are also used in other areas of the chemical industry. The compound is often cited as a Lewis acid. It is an inorganic compound that reversibly changes from a polymer to a monomer at mild temperature.
R342 (South Africa)
The R342 is a Regional Route in South Africa. Its western origin is the R335 north of Addo. It heads east, traversing the Addo Elephant National Park. On the other side, it crosses the N10 and on the other side passes through Paterson. From Paterson, it heads south-east to the N2, where it is cosigned to the east for three kilometres. It then leaves the N2 heading south east to end at the R72.

Addo, South Africa
Addo is a town in Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

Region east of the Sundays River, some 72 km northeast of Gqeberha. In 1931 about 680 hectares (1,700 acres) were enclosed to form the Addo Elephant National Park. The name is also borne by a railway station, post office and bridge. Of Khoekhoen origin, the name probably means 'euphorbia ravine'.
Main Boundary Thrust
The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), also known as the Main Boundary Fault, is a discontinuous series of seismic faults in the Himalayas which form the structural boundary between the Outer Himalayas and Lower Himalayan Range. The MBT is itself part of a series of thrusts which helped to accommodate the deformation when the Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate in the Cenozoic. The MBT fault system began forming in the Miocene. The MBT consists of multiple segments, and is composed from west to east of the Murree and Drang thrust faults, the Krol thrust fault, the Surkhet-Ghorahi thrust fault, the Kathmandu thrust, and the Gondwana/Garu thrust. Despite originating as a thrust fault in the collision of India and Eurasia, the MBT system has reactivated as a normal faulting system.

Eurasian plate
The Eurasian plate is a tectonic plate that includes most of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Asia and Europe), with the notable exceptions of the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, and the area east of the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. It also includes oceanic crust extending westward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and northward to the Gakkel Ridge.
St John Wall Catholic School
St John Wall Catholic School is a coeducational secondary school located in the Handsworth area of Birmingham, in the West Midlands of England.

It is a voluntary aided school administered by Birmingham City Council and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham. The school is named after Saint John Wall, a 17th-century Franciscan friar who is honored as a martyr.

St John Wall Catholic School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

The school used to operate a sixth form offering students a range of A-levels and further BTECs. However the school closed its sixth form provision in 2016.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
Temple ring
A temple ring is an ornament that hangs from a headdress or in braids of hair in the front area at the side of the head –  i.e. near a person's anatomical temple.  Temple rings were part of Slavic, Scandinavian and others' medieval women's dress. Most were made of base metals such as copper alloys or iron, though silver and even gold were occasionally used. These were known as temple rings because they were worn on the head, near the temples of a woman or a girl.

Headgear
Headgear, headwear, or headdress is any element of clothing which is worn on one's head, including hats, helmets, turbans and many other types. Headgear is worn for many purposes, including protection against the elements, decoration, or for religious or cultural reasons, including social conventions.
Marion Wells
Marion Gretsch Wells (born Marion Downey Gretsch; May 1, 1926 – October 30, 2016) was an American socialite, conservative activist, and political donor. She founded the Marion G. Wells Foundation and served on multiple charitable boards. She and her husband Dick Wells, to whom she was married from 1973 until his death in 2003, were active supporters of the Republican Party,  giving millions of dollars to conservative causes and organizations for decades. As a fundraiser, Wells raised over $292 million in charitable contributions.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
Long Gone Heroes
Long Gone Heroes is a 2024 American action thriller film written and directed by John Swab, based on a story by Santiago Manes Moreno. It stars Frank Grillo, Josh Hutcherson, Mekhi Phifer, Eden Brolin, Beau Knapp, George Carroll, Wendy Moniz, Melissa Leo, and Andy García. In the film, an ex-soldier assembles a team of mercenaries to rescue his niece after she is kidnapped by a drug lord in Venezuela.

Frank Grillo
Frank Anthony Grillo (born June 8, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for playing Brock Rumlow / Crossbones in the superhero franchise Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Sergeant Leo Barnes in The Purge franchise, and Rick Flag Sr. in the DC Universe (DCU). He has also appeared in Warrior (2011), The Grey (2011), End of Watch (2012), Zero Dark Thirty (2012), Wolf Warrior 2 and Wheelman (both 2017), and Boss Level (2020).

Grillo's television work includes the lead role in Kingdom (2014–2017) as well as recurring roles in Battery Park (2000), For the People (2002–2003), The Shield (2002–2003), Prison Break (2005–2006), Blind Justice (2005), The Kill Point (2007), Billions (2020), Tulsa King (2024), and Peacemaker (2025).
Mote Marine Laboratory
Mote Marine Laboratory is an independent, nonprofit, marine research organization based on City Island in Sarasota, Florida, with additional campuses in eastern Sarasota County, Boca Grande, Florida, and the Florida Keys. Founded in 1955 by Eugenie Clark in Placida, Florida, it was known as the Cape Haze Marine Laboratory until 1967. The laboratory aims to advance marine science and education, supporting conservation and sustainable use of marine resources. The laboratory also runs the Mote Science Education Aquarium (Mote SEA) located at 225 University Town Center, a public aquarium which also showcases its research for the public.

Public aquarium
A public aquarium (pl. aquaria; or public water zoo) is the aquatic equivalent of a zoo, which houses living aquatic animal and plant specimens for public viewing. Most public aquariums feature tanks larger than those kept by home aquarists, as well as smaller tanks.

Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public.
1986 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1986 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986. Michael Dukakis was elected Governor of Massachusetts for a third term. He defeated Republican George Kariotis by a 69–31% margin. This was the last time a Democrat was elected governor of Massachusetts until 2006.

Department of Conservation and Recreation
The Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) is a state agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States, situated in the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. It is best known for its parks and parkways. The DCR's mission is "To protect, promote and enhance our common wealth of natural, cultural and recreational resources for the well-being of all."  The agency is the largest landowner in Massachusetts.
Digital manufacturing
Digital manufacturing is an integrated approach to manufacturing that is centered around a computer system. The transition to digital manufacturing has become more popular with the rise in the quantity and quality of computer systems in manufacturing plants. As more automated tools have become used in manufacturing plants it has become necessary to model, simulate, and analyze all of the machines, tooling, and input materials in order to optimize the manufacturing process. Overall, digital manufacturing can be seen sharing the same goals as computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), flexible manufacturing, lean manufacturing, and design for manufacturability (DFM). The main difference is that digital manufacturing was evolved for use in the computerized world.

As part of Manufacturing USA, Congress and the U.S. Department of Defense established MxD (Manufacturing x Digital), the nation's digital manufacturing institute, to speed adoption of these digital tools.

Design for manufacturability
Design for manufacturability (DFM), also known as design for manufacturing, is the engineering practice of designing a product to reduce the cost of its manufacture and to make its manufacture easier, and often the two aspects are intertwined. Common factors that affect manufacturability include the type of raw material, the form of the raw material, dimensional tolerances, and secondary processing such as finishing.
Malgasochilo
Malgasochilo is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Malgasochilo autarotellus, which is found in Madagascar (Nosy Be). The forewings of this species are dull-greyish brown with a length of 12 mm.

Nosy Be
Nosy Be (Malagasy pronunciation: [nusʲ be]; formerly Nossi-bé and Nosse Be, lit. 'big island') is a volcanic island off the northwest coast of Madagascar. Nosy Be is Madagascar's largest and busiest tourist destination. It has an area of 320.02 km2 (123.56 sq mi), and its population was 109,465 according to the provisional results of the 2018 Census.

Nosy Be means "big island" in the Malagasy language. The island was called Assada by the French during the early 17th century. Nosy Be has been given several nicknames over the centuries, including "Nosy Manitra" (the scented island).
Penda Ya Ndakolo
Jafet Penda Ya Ndakolo (born 23 March 1960 at Oshigambo) is a Namibian SWAPO politician and a former governor of Oshikoto Region. He served as Minister of Defence from 2015 to 2020. After losing his position as minister in 2020 he was appointed to his old position as governor again.

Ya Ndakolo fought for the Peoples Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN). He studied at the Eastern and Southern Management Institute (ESAMA), and was from 1980 to 1989 a specialist in radio communication warfare.

He was a SWAPO district coordinator between 1990 and 1992 before getting elected as Regional Councillor for Omuthiya Gwiipundi Constituency in Oshikoto Region, eventually being elevated as the Region's governor. He replaced Nico Kaiyamo as a member of the National Council in 2004.

In 2014, he was awarded The Most Distinguished Order of Namibia: First Class by president Hifikepunye Pohamba.

Oshigambo
Oshigambo is a settlement in the Oshikoto Region of northern Namibia. It is situated on the banks of Oshigambo River east of the Etosha pan.

The village has both a secondary school, Oshigambo High School, and as a primary school.
2003 BR47
2003 BR47 is a sub-kilometer asteroid classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It was discovered on 31 January 2003 by the LINEAR program. As of 3 January 2026, its orbit is based on 177 observations spanning a data-arc of 9,126 days.

It comes to within 0.05 AU of Earth periodically. It is also an Earth crosser and a Mars crosser.

Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research
The Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) project is a collaboration of the United States Air Force, NASA, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory for the systematic detection and tracking of near-Earth objects. LINEAR was responsible for the majority of asteroid discoveries from 1998 until it was overtaken by the Catalina Sky Survey in 2005. As of 15 September 2011, LINEAR had detected 231,082 new small Solar System bodies, of which at least 2,423 were near-Earth asteroids and 279 were comets. The instruments used by the LINEAR program are located at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) on the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) near Socorro, New Mexico.
La Virginia
La Virginia (Spanish pronunciation: [la βiɾˈxinja] is a town and municipality in the Department of Risaralda, Colombia. About 50 km away from the capital Pereira. In 2023 the town had an estimated population of 28,488.

Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
White-Washing Race
White-Washing Race: The Myth of a Color-Blind Society is a 2005 book arguing that racial discrimination is still evident on contemporary American society.  The book draws on the fields of sociology, political science, economics, criminology, and legal studies.  The authors argue against the idea that the inequalities which prevail in America today, especially with regard to wages, income, and access to housing and health care, are the effects of either cultural or individual failures.

The book provides an alternative explanation: that racism—particularly institutionalized racism—is as much a problem in America as in earlier times. Such inequalities continue to exist in the labor market, the welfare state, the criminal justice system, and schools and universities.  The book recounts the history of advancement among black Americans since the 1960s, and current anti-discrimination policies, but advocates new policies for increased racial equality in a post-affirmative action world.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
Coosella helena
Coosella helena is an extinct marine species of trilobite from the middle to upper Cambrian period. Fossils of this species can be found in North America, specifically, Canada. This specific species of trilobite was discovered by Christina Lochman-Balk on the St. George Peninsula of Newfoundland in 1938.

The Peabody Museum of Natural History holds both the holotype as well as 16 paratype specimens.

Fossil samples can be found in the fossil collection of Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, where Lochman-Balk used to teach as an associate professor (1935–1947).

Paratype
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). Often there is more than one paratype. Paratypes are usually held in museum research collections.

The exact meaning of the term paratype when it is used in zoology is not the same as the meaning when it is used in botany. In both cases however, this term is used in conjunction with holotype.