hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Losorion
Losorion or Lysiris (Ancient Greek: Λοσόριον), was a Byzantine (Roman) fortification on the eastern Black Sea coast, in Lazica in what is now Batumi, western Georgia. In the 6th century, it was constructed by Byzantine emperor Justinian I, and due to its strategic location became a battleground of the 541–562 Lazic War between Rome and Sasanian Persia (Iran). It was identified with the Medieval fortress of Batumi, known as Tamaris Tsikhe, i.e. Queen Tamar's Castle.

Lazica is ours, in which is also the city of the Petraeans, which has taken its civic identity and title from us, using the name of our piety and being called Justiniana. There lie also Archaeopolis and Rhodopolis, very large and ancient forts. With these are also the forts of Scandis and Sarapanis, which we took from the Persians, and Mourisius (Mochiris) and Lysiris (Losorion) and whatever other works we have performed among the Lazi.— Justinian's Novella 28

Nokalakevi
Nokalakevi (Georgian: ნოქალაქევი), locally known as Nokalaku (Mingrelian: ნოქალაქუ) and according to some sources as "Djikha Kvinji" or "Jikhankuji" (Mingrelian: ჯიხანქუჯი), also known as Archaeopolis (Ancient Greek: Ἀρχαιόπολις, "Old City") and Tsikhegoji (in Georgian "Fortress of Kuji"), is a village and archaeological site in the Senaki municipality, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region, Georgia.
Ge with caron
Ge with caron (Г̌ г̌ italics: Г̌ г̌) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in the Shughni and Wakhi languages, where it represents the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/, like the Scottish ⟨ch⟩ in "loch" but voiced.

Wakhi language
Wakhi (ښیکوار, Х̆икв̆ор, IPA: [xikwɔr]) is an Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranian branch of the language family spoken today in Wakhan District, Northern Afghanistan, and neighboring areas of Tajikistan, Pakistan and China.
Lorcan Redmond
Lorcan Redmond (born 26 October 1930) is an Irish former Gaelic football player and selector. As a player he lined out with St Margaret's and the Wicklow senior football team before later enjoying success as a selector with the Dublin senior football team.

1983 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1983 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 97th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 15 May 1983 and ended on 18 September 1983.

Offaly entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Dublin in the Leinster final.

On 18 September 1983, Dublin won the championship following a 1–10 to 1–8 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their 21st All-Ireland title and their first in six championship seasons.

Dublin's Barney Rock was the championship's top scorer with 6–27. Dublin's Tommy Drumm was the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.
Switch On
Switch On is the eighth extended play by South Korean boy group Astro. It was released on August 2, 2021, by Fantagio Music and distributed by Kakao Entertainment. The album contains six songs including the lead single "After Midnight".

Kakao Entertainment
Kakao Entertainment Corp. (Korean: 주식회사 카카오엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment, mass media, and publishing company founded in 2021. A subsidiary of the Internet company Kakao, it was established subsequent to the merger of the latter's two subsidiaries KakaoPage and Kakao M.
William Williams (priest)
Christianity portal

William Williams  was the sixth Dean  of St David's.

He was born in 1848, educated at St David's College, Lampeter and ordained in 1872. He was Curate of Lampeter and then of Oswestry. He held incumbencies at Llanuwchllyn, Llanfair Talhaiarn and Dolgellau. He was Diocesan Missioner for St David's from 1893 until 1899 and Vicar of St David's until 1903. He was then Rector of Jeffreston until his accession to the Deanery in 1919.He died in post on 8 November 1930.

Diocese of St Davids
The Diocese of St Davids is a diocese of the Church in Wales, a church of the Anglican Communion. The diocese covers the historic extent of Ceredigion, Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire, together with a small part of western Glamorgan. The episcopal see is the Cathedral Church of St David in the City of St Davids, Pembrokeshire. The present cathedral, which was begun in 1181, stands on the site of a monastery founded in the 6th century by Saint David.

The diocese is divided into the three archdeaconries of St Davids, Carmarthen and Cardigan (additionally, Mones Farah serves as Archdeacon Missioner). The bishop's residence is Llys Esgob in Abergwili, Carmarthenshire.
Patent Act of 1952
The Patent Act of 1952 clarified and simplified existing U.S. patent law. It also effected substantive changes, including the codification of the requirement for non-obviousness and the judicial doctrine of contributory infringement. As amended, it is codified in Title 35 of the United States Code.

Inventive step and non-obviousness
The inventive step and non-obviousness reflect a general patentability requirement present in most patent laws, according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive—i.e., non-obvious—in order to be patented. In other words, "[the] nonobviousness principle asks whether the invention is an adequate distance beyond or above the state of the art".

The expression "inventive step" is used in European Patent Convention and in Patent Cooperation Treaty, while the expression "non-obviousness" is predominantly used in United States patent law. The expression "inventiveness" is sometimes used as well. Although the basic principle is roughly the same, the assessment of the inventive step and non-obviousness varies from one country to another. For instance, the practice of the European Patent Office (EPO) differs from the practice in the United Kingdom.
Shemya
Shemya or Simiya (Aleut: Samiyax̂) is a small island in the Semichi Islands group of the Near Islands chain in the Aleutian Islands archipelago southwest of Alaska, at 52°43′27″N 174°07′08″E﻿ / ﻿52.72417°N 174.11889°E﻿ / 52.72417; 174.11889. It has a land area of 5.903 sq mi (15.29 km2), and is about 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. It is 2.73 miles (4.39 km) wide and 4.32 miles (6.95 km) long.

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (IATA: ANC, ICAO: PANC, FAA LID: ANC) is the primary airport serving the US state of Alaska, located 5 miles (8 km) southwest of downtown Anchorage. The airport is named for Ted Stevens (1923–2010), who served as a senator of Alaska from 1968 to 2009. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a medium-hub primary commercial service facility. It is a major cargo hub for trans-Pacific traffic, ranking as one of the world's busiest airports by cargo traffic.
Melanocharacidium
Melanocharacidium is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Crenuchidae, the South American darters. They are found in the Amazon, Orinoco and Araguaia basins, as well as river basins of the Guianas. They are small fish, up to around 10 cm (4 in) in standard length.

Orinoco
The Orinoco (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾiˈnoko]) is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 km (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi), with 65% of it in Venezuela and 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (39,000 m3/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s) at delta) due to the high precipitation throughout its catchment area (2,300 millimetres per are [0.084 in/sq ft]). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the Llanos of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse.
Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis II
Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Thuringia. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 9. It covers the central, southern, and eastern part of Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis.

Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis II was created for the 1994 state election. Since 2024, it has been represented by Stefan Möller of Alternative for Germany (AfD).

Landtag of Thuringia
The Landtag of Thuringia is the parliament of the German state of Thuringia. It convenes in Erfurt and currently consists of 88 members from five parties. According to the free state's constitution, the primary functions of the Landtag are to pass laws, elect the Minister-President and control the government of Thuringia.
2020s in Shumang Kumhei
This article is about the notable events, related to Shumang Kumhei (Meitei: ꯁꯨꯃꯥꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ), also known as Shumang Leela (Meitei: ꯁꯨꯃꯥꯡ ꯂꯤꯂꯥ), a traditional Meitei theatrical art form, happened in 2020s.

Mirabai Chanu
Mirabai Chanu Saikhom (born 9 August 1994) is an Indian weightlifter. She won the silver medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the women's 49 kg event. She has won gold medals at the World Championships and Commonwealth Games. She was awarded the Padma Shri and Khel Ratna Award by the Government of India in 2018.

Chanu won the silver medal in the women's 48 kg weight class at the 2014 Commonwealth Games; she went on to break the games record en route to the gold medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Prior to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, her biggest achievement came in 2017, when she won a gold medal at the World Championships. She is a former world record holder in clean & jerk in the 49 kg category. In 2022, she joined I-League club NEROCA as its brand ambassador.
Théoneste Bagosora
Théoneste Bagosora (16 August 1941 – 25 September 2021) was a Rwandan military officer. He was chiefly known for his key role in the 1994 Rwandan genocide for which he was sentenced to life imprisonment by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). In 2011, the sentence was reduced to 35 years' imprisonment on appeal. He was due to be imprisoned until he was 89. According to René Lemarchand, Bagosora was "the chief organizer of the killings". On 25 September 2021, he died in a prison hospital in Mali, where he was being treated for heart issues.

Tutsi
The Tutsi (/ˈtʊtsi/ TUUT-see), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group established primarily in Rwanda and Burundi. They are a Bantu-speaking people and the second-largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and Twa.

Historically, the Tutsi were pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warrior caste. Before 1962, they regulated and controlled Rwandan society, which consisted of Tutsi aristocrats and Hutu commoners under a clientship structure. The Tutsi occupied the dominant positions in the sharply stratified society and constituted the ruling class.
Sissokosuchus
Sissokosuchus is an extinct genus of itasuchid notosuchian from the Early Cretaceous Continental intercalaire of Mali. Like other itasuchids, Sissokosuchus had relatively narrow jaws with numerous partially interlocking teeth, somewhat resembling modern crocodilians moreso than the oreinorostrine peirosaurids it's most closely related to. It has therefore been speculated that it may have been semi-aquatic, an idea that matches the fact that the Continental intercalaire has been interpreted as a downstream part of what is dubbed the Paleo-Tegama river system, which also included the fluvial systems of what is now Niger. Sissokosuchus is among the few itasuchids known from Africa and the first deeply nested members from the continent, though the exact implications of this remain somewhat poorly understood. The genus is monotypic, meaning it only includes a single species: S. maliensis.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Sensenich Propeller
Sensenich Propeller, founded in 1932, is an American manufacturer of wood, metal and composite propellers for certified, homebuilt and ultralight aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as airboats. The company headquarters is located in Lititz, Pennsylvania.

The company was initially established in 1932 as Sensenich Brothers to make aircraft propellers. The company is particularly known for its wooden aircraft propellers, but also has produced fixed-pitch metal props since 1948, and in recent years expanded to adjustable-pitch carbon-fiber composite propellers. Throughout the mid-20th century, Sensenich wood props were available on nearly all 1-seat and 2-seat U.S.-made aircraft, many of which still operate today. 
Sensenich expanded into airboat propellers in 1949, establishing a second factory for that market at Plant City, Florida under the name Sensenich Wood Propeller Company. (Wood prop manufacturing is now handled in their Florida facility.)

Type certificate
A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (type design). Certification confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production is in compliance with applicable airworthiness requirements established by the national air law.

For up to three seats, primary category aircraft certification costs around US$1 million, US$25 million for a general aviation aircraft and hundreds of millions of dollars for a commercial aircraft; certification delays can cost millions of dollars and can decide a program's profitability.
Jagdev Singh Kamalu
Jagdev Singh Kamalu is a politician from Punjab. He is MLA from Maur constituency (Number 95). He contested from Aam Aadmi Party in the year 2017 and won, defeating the incumbent MLA Janmeja Singh Sekhon. In 2021, Kamalu rebelled and moved to Indian National Congress.

Maur Mandi
Maur is a sub-town of Bathinda City and a municipal council in Bathinda district in the Indian state of Punjab.It has a class II Municipal committee, located on the Bathinda- Delhi railway line, and the Bathinda-Mohali (Ajitgarh) state highway (no. 12-A). This State Highway has now been upgraded to National Highway NH 148B (Bathinda-Kotputli, Jaipur National Highway). Maur Mandi is about 35 km from Bathinda city.
Surjya Kanta Mishra
Surjya Kanta Mishra (born 18 April 1949) is an Indian politician, belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He served as Minister of Health and Minister in-charge of Land & Land Reforms, Panchayats & Rural Development in the Left Front governments of West Bengal and was the Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal State Committee between 2015 and 2022.

After the 2011 assembly election he was elected as Leader of the Opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly in May 2011. He was inducted into the politburo of the CPI(M) following the death of veteran leader M.K. Pandhe in 2011. In 2015, he was elected as the state secretary of CPI(M) in West Bengal, succeeding Biman Bose.

Politburo
A politburo (/ˈpɒlɪtbjʊəroʊ/ ⓘ) or political bureau is the highest organ of the central committee in communist parties. The term is also sometimes used to refer to similar organs in socialist and Islamist parties, such as the Political Bureau of Hamas. Politburos are part of the governing structure in most former and existing communist states.
Ostrovo, Veliko Gradište
Ostrovo   (meaning "island" in Serbian) is a village in the municipality of Veliko Gradište, Serbia. It is a peninsula, formerly a river island. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 300 people.

River island
A river island is any exposed landmass surrounded by river water. Properly defined, it excludes shoals between seasonally varying flows and may exclude semi-coastal islands in river deltas such as Marajó.

These islands result from changes in the course of a river. Such changes may be caused by interactions with a tributary, or by the opposing fluvial actions of deposition and/or erosion that form a natural cut and meander. Nascent vegetation-free shoals and mudflats may dissipate and shift or build up into such islands through deposition; the process may be assisted through artificial reinforcement or natural factors, such as reeds, palms, evergreen trees or willows, that act as obstacles or erosion barriers, so that water flows around them. Islands may be small or large, covering many square kilometers, examples of which are given below.
Paulerspury
Paulerspury is a civil parish and small village in West Northamptonshire, England. It is approximately 3 miles (5 km) south of Towcester and 8 miles (13 km) north of Milton Keynes along the A5 road (which follows the course of the Roman Road of Watling Street). The parish also contains the hamlets or villages of Pury End, Pury Hill and Heathencote. At the time of the 2001 census, its population was 991 people and the 2011 population was 1,018.

A5 road (Great Britain)
The A5 is a major road in England and Wales. It runs for about 243 miles (391 km) from London to the Irish Sea at the ferry port of Holyhead. In many parts the route follows that of the Roman Iter II route which later took the Anglo-Saxon name Watling Street. It forms most of the London–Holyhead trunk road.
WTKI
WTKI (1450 AM, "Easy 105.3") is a radio station licensed to serve Huntsville, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Mike Brandt, through licensee Southern Broadcasting LLC, doing business as "Easy 105.3".  Its studios are located in Madison and transmitter facility located just west of downtown Huntsville.

In November 2009, Focus Radio Communications began operating WTKI under a local marketing agreement, broadcasting a combined news/talk/sports format. Some programming is provided by Fox Sports Radio and Fox Business Network.

In 2010, the station broadcast 85 Southern League baseball games as the flagship station of the Huntsville Stars Radio Network. The network also included then-sister station WIEZ in Decatur, as well as WWIC in Scottsboro. The Stars discontinued play in Huntsville in 2015, moving to Biloxi, Mississippi as the Shuckers. They have since been replaced in the Huntsville market by the Rocket City Trash Pandas, another Southern League team.

Scottsboro, Alabama
Scottsboro is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Alabama, United States. The city was named for its founder Robert T. Scott. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 15,578.

From its incorporation in 1870 until 1890, it was the largest community in Jackson County, losing the distinction from 1900 to 1920 to Bridgeport, but reclaiming the title in 1930 and holding it since that time. It is located 30 miles each from the state boundaries of Georgia to the east (Dade County) and Tennessee to the north, about 45 miles from Huntsville, Alabama to the west and about 55 miles from Chattanooga, Tennessee to the northeast.

The city was the namesake of the Scottsboro Boys case, which is one of the most important civil rights cases in the history of American jurisprudence.
SEK Class Theta-gamma
SEK (Sidirodromoi Ellinikou Kratous, Hellenic State Railways) Class Θγ (or Class Thg; Theta-gamma) was a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotives ex-United States Army Transportation Corps S160 type.  27 locomotives were acquired in 1947; Θγ521–537 were coal burners,  while Θγ551–560 were oil burners.  In 1959, Italian Railways (Ferrovie dello Stato, FS) sold another 25, formerly Class 736, Nos 736.011/23/40/55/73/90/101/2/126/7/131/5/51/8/60/4/6/78/88/90/9/203/7/9/17 to SEK.  These were renumbered Θγ571-95 in the same order.

Hellenic State Railways
Hellenic State Railways or SEK (Greek: Σιδηρόδρομοι Ελληνικού Κράτους, Sidirodromi Ellinikou Kratous; Σ.Ε.Κ.) was a Greek public sector entity (legal person of public law, Greek: Ν.Π.Δ.Δ.) which was established on 18 March 1920 by the law 2144/20 and operated most Greek railway lines until 1970.
Nicholas railway station
Nicholas railway station was the pre-revolutionary name of the termini of the Moscow-Saint Petersburg Railway:

Moscow Passazhirskaya railway station, formerly Nikolayevsky and Leningradsky, in Moscow

Moskovsky railway station (Saint Petersburg) or St.Petersburg-Glavny, in Saint Petersburg

Moscow Leningradsky railway station
Moscow Leningradsky railway station (IATA: ZKD) (Russian: Ленинградский вокзал, Leningradsky vokzal) is the oldest of Moscow's ten railway terminals. Situated on Komsomolskaya Square, the station serves north-western directions, notably Saint Petersburg. International services from the station include Tallinn, Estonia, operated by GoRail, and Helsinki, Finland. It is the only Moscow railway terminal operated by October Railway rather than Moscow Railway.
Nika Radišić
Nika Radišić (born 19 March 2000)  is a Slovenian professional tennis player. She has career-high rankings of world No. 330 in singles and No. 173 in doubles. She has won one singles title and 26 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Radišić made her debut for the Slovenia Fed Cup team in 2018.

She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut as a wildcard entrant at the 2021 Portorož Open, losing to Kristina Mladenovic in the first round.

2018 Fed Cup
The 2018 Fed Cup was the 56th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis. The 2018 Fed Cup was expected to feature some structural changes, including a 16-team World Group and the introduction of a Final Four event at a neutral, predetermined location. However, the ITF announced shortly before their annual meeting that they were tabling a vote on the changes for at least one year.

In one of the biggest shocks in the tournament history, Russia was demoted to the Zonal Groups for the first time in two decades, after consecutive losses to Slovakia and Latvia.

The final took place on 10–11 November and was won by the Czech Republic.
Bridges Creek
Bridges Creek is a stream in southeast Ozark County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. It is a tributary of the North Fork River.

The stream begins at the junction of North Bridges Creek with South Bridges Creek. The north branch has headwaters in Howell County just west of Caulfield and south of U. S. Route 160 and it flows southwest into Ozark County and past Elijah. South Bridges Creek also starts in Howell County to the south of Caulfield adjacent to Missouri Route 101 and flows southwest to the junction. The two streams are each about five miles in length. Bridges Creek flows southwest from the junction and enters Norfork Lake about two miles south of Tecumseh and just north of Udall.

Bridges Creek has the name of one Mr. Bridge, a pioneer citizen.

Caulfield, Missouri
Caulfield is an unincorporated community in western Howell County, Missouri, United States. It is located on U.S. Highway 160 and Missouri Route 101, approximately 15 miles west of West Plains. The Ozark County line lies just to the west of Caulfield.