hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gościszów
Gościszów (Polish: [ɡɔˈɕt͡ɕiʂuf], German: Giessmannsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogrodziec, within Bolesławiec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Bolesławiec County
Bolesławiec County (Polish: powiat bolesławiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, southwestern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Bolesławiec, famed for its pottery, and its only other town is Nowogrodziec. The county covers an area of 1,303.3 square kilometres (503.2 sq mi).

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 90,108, of which the population of Bolesławiec is 38,852, that of Nowogrodziec is 4,243, and the rural population is 47,013.
Nokia Eseries
The Nokia Eseries is a discontinued line of business-oriented smartphones running Symbian OS, produced by Nokia from 2005 to 2011. The Eseries brand became the partial replacement for the top-line products of the Nokia 6000 'Classic Business' range - the 6000 range itself would turn into a mid-range line with broad appeal beginning in 2007 mostly using the 'classic', 'slide' and 'fold' monikers.

The Nokia Eseries have emphasis on enhanced connectivity and support for corporate e-mail push services, as well as enterprise-styled products and many featuring QWERTY keyboards. All devices have advanced office features through its S60 platform. Phones equipped with Wireless LAN also provide a VoIP client (SIP Protocol). Throughout the series' lifetime, its main competitors include the BlackBerry, the Sony Ericsson P family, and various Windows Mobile/Pocket PC devices.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.
Madaya Light Railway
The Madaya Light Railway was a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge railway that terminated in Mandalay, Myanmar. The first section to Toungbyon, 8 miles long, opened in 1912. The railway was extended a further 8 miles to Madaya in 1917. The company operating the line went into liquidation in 1919, and the railway was taken over by the Government. The line was closed in 1927 when it was replaced by a metre gauge line. The first four locomotives for the line were obtained second hand from the Thanton – Duyinzaik Railway.

2 ft 6 in gauge railways
2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge railways are narrow gauge railways with track gauge of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm). That gauge was particularly promoted by Thomas Hall and Everard Calthrop during the second half of the nineteenth century, especially in colonies of the British Empire.

Several Bosnian-gauge railways with 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) are found in south-eastern Europe. 760 mm (29.92 in) is well within engineering tolerance of 762 mm (30.0 in).
Queen Mary Small Press Fiction Prize
The Queen Mary Small Press Fiction Prize, formerly called the Republic of Consciousness Prize for Small Presses, is an annual British literary prize founded by the author Neil Griffiths. It rewards fiction published by UK and Irish small presses, defined as those with fewer than five full-time employees. The prize money – initially raised by crowdfunding and latterly augmented by sponsorship – is divided between the publishing house, the author, and, if relevant, the translator.

Peepal Tree Press
Peepal Tree Press is a publisher based in Leeds, England, which publishes Caribbean, Black British, and South Asian fiction, non-fiction, poetry, drama and academic books. Poet Kwame Dawes has said: "Peepal Tree Press's position as the leading publisher of Caribbean literature, and especially of Caribbean poetry, is unassailable."

Peepal Tree publishes around 20 books a year, mainly from the Caribbean and its diasporas. Caribbean Beat has called it a "publishing lifeline" for Caribbean writers. In the UK, the press is noted for its success with literary prizes, its international readership, and its role in supporting and publishing Black British and British Asian writers.
Gerard O'Kane
Gerard O'Kane (born 5 October 1984) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the Derry county team, with whom he has won a National League title.

He plays his club football for John Mitchel's Glenullin and has won a Derry Senior Football Championship with the club. He plays in the half back line for club and county, with his pace and stamina being two of his key attributes.

Ulster Senior Club Football League
The Ulster Senior Club Football League is an annual Gaelic football tournament played in Ulster GAA between clubs who choose to enter. It starts with a group stage, with the group winners (and for 2008 the best group runner-up) advancing to the knockout stage. It is played in the early part of the year and is far less prestigious than the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship, with many sides viewing it as a warm-up to their respective county leagues and championships. However winning the Ulster Club League has proved a stepping stone for county championship success for several clubs.
Tankersley Tavern
Tankersley Tavern, also known as Old Bridge, is a historic building located near Lexington, Rockbridge County, Virginia. It was built in three sections with the oldest dated to about 1835.  It is a two-story, nine-bay, single pile, frame building with an exposed basement and a decorative two-level gallery on the front facade. Also on the property are the contributing washhouse/kitchen, three frame sheds and a stone abutment for a bridge. It was originally built as a toll house (toll gate) at the county end of the bridge crossing the Maury River from the Valley Turnpike into Lexington.  It later housed a tavern, canal ticket office, general store, post office, and dwelling.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Tavern
A tavern is a type of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food such as different types of roast meats and cheese, and (mostly historically) where travelers would receive lodging. An inn is a tavern that has a licence to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin taberna whose original meaning was a shed, workshop, stall, or pub.

Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. In England, inns started to be referred to as public houses or pubs and the term became standard for all drinking houses.
Kroppenstedt
Kroppenstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁɔpn̩ˌʃtɛt] ⓘ) is a town in the Börde district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, formerly known as Croppenstedt in the Kingdom of Prussia. It is situated southwest of Magdeburg and is part of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Westliche Börde.

One of its most famous sons was the evangelist and philanthropist George Müller, who later moved to Bristol and founded the Ashley Down orphanage.

New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down
The New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, commonly known as the Muller Homes, were an orphanage in the district of Ashley Down, in the north of Bristol.  They were built between 1849 and 1870 by the Prussian evangelist George Müller to show the world that God not only heard, but answered, prayers.  The five Houses held 2,050 children at any one time and some 17,000 passed through their doors before the buildings were sold to Bristol City Council in 1958.
Gangubai
Gangubai is a female name in the Indian subcontinent.

Gangubai Hangal,  Gangubai Hangal (  Hindi: गंगुबाई  हंगल) a Noted Indian  classical singer of the Kirana Gharana.

Saloni Daini, aka 'Gangubai' 8 year old Indian Comedy Star, famous for her Gangubai act

Gangubai Kothewali (1939-2008), a former brothel owner in Mumbai

Gangubai Hangal
Gangubai Hangal (5 March 1913 – 21 July 2009) was an Indian singer of the khayal genre of Hindustani classical music from Karnataka, who was known for her deep and powerful voice. Hangal belonged to the Kirana gharana.

She was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honour in 2002 and Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest award of Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music and Performing Arts in 1996.
Pays de France
The Pays de France (French pronunciation: [pe.i də fʁɑ̃s], literally Land of France), also called the Parisis ([paʁizi]) or Plaine de France ([plɛn də fʁɑ̃s]), is a natural region located in the Île-de-France administrative region to the north of Paris, France. It is essentially a silt plain devoted to cereal crops, of which the southern part is included in the northern suburbs of Paris and greatly urbanised, and also includes Charles de Gaulle Airport.

Administratively, the region corresponds approximately to the east of Val-d'Oise department, with part of Seine-Saint-Denis and the northwestern fringe of Seine-et-Marne.

Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land  that generally has few rapid or steep changes in elevation.  Natural vegetation in plains can include prairies/grasslands, forests, savanah, tundra, and desert biomes, among others. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. Plains are one of the major landforms on earth, being present on all continents and covering more than one-third of the world's land area. Plains in many areas are important for agriculture. There are various types of plains, and biomes on them.
Vogelsang Airfield
Vogelsang Airfield (Fliegerhorst Vogelsang) is an abandoned World War II military airfield located approximately 3 miles northwest of Schleiden (Nordrhein-Westfalen); approximately 330 miles southwest of Berlin.

The airfield is a part of the former Ordensburg Vogelsang military training area.

Schleiden
Schleiden (German pronunciation: [ˈʃlaɪdn̩] ⓘ) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies in the Eifel hills, in the district of Euskirchen, and has 12,998 inhabitants as of 30 June 2017. Schleiden is connected by a tourist railway to Kall, on the Eifel Railway between Cologne and Trier. The town consists of 18 settlements, the largest of which are Gemünd and Schleiden proper.
Corkscrew (program)
Corkscrew is a computer program, written by Patrick Padgett, that enables the user to tunnel SSH connections through most HTTP and HTTPS proxy servers. Combined with features of SSH such as port forwarding, this can allow many types of services to be run securely over the SSH via HTTP connections.

Supported proxy servers:

Gauntlet

CacheFlow

Internet Junkbuster

Squid

Apache's mod_proxy

Proxy server
In computer networking, a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server then providing that resource.

Instead of connecting directly to a server that can fulfill a request for a resource, such as a file or web page, the client directs the request to the proxy server, which evaluates the request and performs the required network transactions. This serves as a method to simplify or control the complexity of the request, or provide additional benefits such as load balancing, privacy, or security. Proxies were devised to add structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. A proxy server thus functions on behalf of the client when requesting service, potentially masking the true origin of the request to the resource server.
Bosz
Bosz is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gino Bosz (born 1993), Dutch football player, son of Peter and brother of Sonny

Peter Bosz (born 1963), Dutch football manager and player

Sonny Bosz (born 1990), Dutch football player

Peter Bosz
Peter Sylvester Bosz (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpeːtər ˈbɔs]; born 21 November 1963) is a Dutch professional football manager and former player. He is currently the head coach of Dutch Eredivisie club PSV Eindhoven.

He had previously held managerial positions as several clubs, including Ajax where he reached the final of the UEFA Europa League in 2017, Borussia Dortmund, Bayer Leverkusen and Lyon, before being appointed as manager of PSV in June 2023, winning the Dutch Eredivisie title in 2024 and 2025.
Optimum "L" filter
The Optimum "L" filter (also known as a Legendre–Papoulis filter) was proposed by Athanasios Papoulis in 1958. It has the maximum roll-off rate for a given filter order while maintaining a monotonic frequency response. It provides a compromise between the Butterworth filter, which is monotonic but has a slower roll-off, and the Chebyshev filter, which has a faster roll-off but has ripple in either the passband or the stopband. The filter design is based on Legendre polynomials; this is the reason for its alternate name and the L in Optimum "L".

Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
Eigen (C++ library)
Eigen is a high-level  C++ library of template headers for linear algebra, matrix and vector operations, geometrical transformations, numerical solvers and related  algorithms.
Eigen is open-source software licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0 since version 3.1.1. Earlier versions were licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License. Version 1.0 was released in Dec 2006.

Eigen is implemented using the expression templates metaprogramming technique, meaning it builds expression trees at compile time and generates custom code to evaluate these. Using expression templates and a cost model of floating point operations, the library performs its own loop unrolling and vectorization. Eigen itself can provide BLAS and a subset of LAPACK interfaces.

Template metaprogramming
Template metaprogramming (TMP) is a metaprogramming technique in which templates are used by a compiler to generate temporary source code, which is merged by the compiler with the rest of the source code and then compiled. The output of these templates can include compile-time constants, data structures, and complete functions. The use of templates can be thought of as compile-time polymorphism. The technique is used by a number of languages, the best-known being C++, but also Curl, D, Nim, and XL.

Template metaprogramming was, in a sense, discovered accidentally.

Some other languages support similar, if not more powerful, compile-time facilities (such as Lisp macros), but those are outside the scope of this article.
White-fronted black chat
The white-fronted black chat (Oenanthe albifrons) is a species of passerine bird in the family Muscicapidae.
It is native to the Sudan (region).
Its natural habitats are moist savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

The white-fronted black chat was formerly included in the genus Myrmecocichla.  Molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2010 and 2012 found that the species was phylogenetically nested within the genus Oenanthe. As part of a reorganization of the chat species to create monophyletic genera, the white-fronted black chat was moved to the genus Oenanthe.

Sudanian savanna
The Sudanian savanna or Sudan region is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Ethiopian Highlands in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. It represents the central bioregion within the broader tropical savanna biome of the Afrotropical realm. The Sahel acacia savanna, a belt of drier grasslands, lies to the north, forming a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the Sahara Desert phytochorion. To the Sudan's south, the more humid  forest-savanna mosaic forms a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the Guineo-Congolian forests that lie nearer the equator.
Kowale, Łódź Voivodeship
Kowale [kɔˈvalɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sieradz, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Sieradz and 58 km (36 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust
County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust (CDDFT) is an NHS Foundation Trust based in North East England. It runs two acute hospitals in University Hospital of North Durham and Darlington Memorial Hospital as well as further non-acute centres at Shotley Bridge Hospital, Sedgefield Community Hospital, Richardson Community Hospital, Weardale Community Hospital, Bishop Auckland Hospital and Chester-le-Street Hospital. The Chief Executive is Sue Jacques. The most recent review of the Trust by the Care Quality Commission in 2019 provided an "Overall: Good" rating.

NHS England
NHS England is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care. It oversees the budget, planning, delivery and day-to-day operation of the commissioning side of the National Health Service in England as set out in the Health and Social Care Act 2012. It directly commissions NHS general practitioners, dentists, optometrists and some specialist services.

NHS England is due to be absorbed into the Department of Health and Social Care, in a two-year process begun in 2025.
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (Korean: 분당서울대학교병원) is located in Gumi-dong, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It is affiliated with Seoul National University College of Medicine and began clinical operations on May 10, 2003.

It is the largest hospital in Gyeonggi Province—the most populous province in South Korea—and plays a critical role in providing essential, emergency, and intensive care services.

As of 2024, the hospital has 1,424 licensed beds according to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service.

In 2025, Newsweek ranked Seoul National University Bundang Hospital among the World's Best Hospitals, placing it within the global top 100 and 5th nationally in South Korea.

Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (Korean: 건강보험심사평가원) - HIRA in short - is a government agency under Ministry of Health and Welfare responsible for claims review and quality assessment of the National Health Insurance. Since its foundation, its role has expanded as it has become a specialised agency with delegated powers related to health insurance and healthcare from the Ministry. Its head with fixed 3 year term is nominated by the Minister upon the recommendations from nomination committee and appointed by the President.

It has its headquarters in Wonju and 10 branch offices across the nation.
Asrangue Souleymane
Asrangue Souleymane (born 1982 in Bangui) is a former college basketball power forward with the University of New Orleans Privateers. Souleymane began his career with the Cincinnati Bearcats. He is from the Central African Republic and played with his national team at the FIBA Africa Championship 2005 and 2007.

New Orleans Privateers
The New Orleans Privateers are the intercollegiate athletic teams of the University of New Orleans (also known locally as UNO), located in the Lake Terrace/Lake Oaks neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The Privateers compete in NCAA intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Southland Conference at the Division I level.
Kyle Adnam
Kyle Reginaid Adnam (born 18 November 1993) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Cairns Taipans of the National Basketball League (NBL). He has played consistently in the NBL since 2013 with the Adelaide 36ers, Illawarra Hawks, Melbourne United, Sydney Kings and South East Melbourne Phoenix.

Kilsyth Cobras
Kilsyth Cobras is a NBL1 South club based in Melbourne, Victoria. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 South. The club is a division of Kilsyth and Mountain District Basketball Association Inc. (K&MDBA), the major administrative basketball organisation in the City of Maroondah. The Cobras play their home games at Kilsyth Sports Centre.
1988 Hargeisa-Burao offensive
The 1988 Hargeisa Burao offensive (Somali: Gudo-galkii Hargeysa iyo Burco) was a major offensive conducted during the Somaliland War of Independence in May 1988 by the Somali National Movement on the cities of Hargeisa and Burao, then the second and third largest cities of Somalia. The SNM captured Burao on 27 May within two hours, while the SNM entered Hargeisa on 29 May, overrunning most of the city apart from its airport by 1 June. During the offensive the Somali National Army committed gross human rights violations, including attacking the civilian population using heavy artillery and tanks.

26th Division (Somalia)
The 26th Division, (Somali: Qeybta 26aad), also known as the Northern Division was one of five Somali National Army divisions. The 26th was responsible for northern Somalia and was headquartered in the city of Hargeisa. In 1977, the division was responsible for the Dire Dawa front in the Ogaden War.
Canton of Marseille – Sainte-Marguerite
Canton of Marseille – Sainte-Marguerite is a former canton of France, located within the commune of Marseille in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It was created 27 February 2003 by the decree 2003-156 of that date. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its population was 36,125 in 2012.

Elected to represent the canton in the General Council of Bouches-du-Rhône:

Didier Garnier (UMP, 2001–2008)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
Polyommatus admetus
Polyommatus admetus, the anomalous blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1783. It is found in south-eastern Europe and Turkey.

The wingspan is 30–40 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on Onobrychis species  (including O. viciifolia) and Lathyrus species.

Lathyrus
Lathyrus /ˈlæθɪrəs/ is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings, they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America. There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy.  This genus has numerous sections, including Orobus, which was once a separate genus. The genus has numerous synonyms, including Pisum, the ancient Latin name for the pea.