hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arsames (son of Artaxerxes II)
Arsames (Greek: Ἀρσάμης) was one of over a hundred illegitimate sons fathered with concubines by 4th century BCE Achaemenid ruler and King of Kings, Artaxerxes II Mnemon. Despite his illegitimate legal status, Arsames was loved by Mnemon even more than some of his legitimate sons.

Mnemon had a legitimate son named Artaxerxes III Ochus who had two older brothers ahead of him in succession. After the eldest was executed for treason, Ochus successfully conspired to drive the next oldest to suicide, leaving him next in line for the throne.

However, Mnemon actively disliked Ochus, so he passed him over and made Arsames his heir.

Arsames was shortly thereafter killed by Arpates, son of the satrap Tiribazus (who had originally conspired with the eldest legitimate son, and had been killed for this), likely at the behest of Ochus, who was thereafter declared crown prince just before Mnemon's death.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
Dorstenia albertii
Dorstenia albertii is a plant species in the family Moraceae which is native to eastern Brazil. Plants reach a height of about 20 centimetres (7.9 in) tall. The stem, which is 2 to 3.5 millimetres (0.079 to 0.138 in) in diameter, is covered with fine hairs. The leaves, which emerge from the stem every 0.8 cm (0.31 in) in a spiral pattern, are 7 to 18 cm (2.8 to 7.1 in) long and 2 to 7.5 cm (0.8 to 3.0 in) broad. The species is only known from a single locality in Espírito Santo state in southeastern Brazil, in a moist, shady site. It is similar to D. grazielae, another Brazilian endemic.

Moraceae
Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species, and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their distribution is cosmopolitan overall. The only common characteristics within the family are the presence of latex-producing glands in the leaves and stems, and milky sap in the soft tissues; but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruits. The family includes well-known plants such as the common fig, breadfruit, jackfruit and mulberry. The 'flowers' of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences).
Madhavi Kale
Madhavi Kale is professor of history of Bryn Mawr College and associate professor at the University of Toronto Scarborough. Kale received her BA from Yale University and her PhD from the University of Pennsylvania.

Kale is a specialist in British and imperial history, and has published numerous works on the Indian indenture system. In a 2002 review of The Oxford History of the British Empire in Social History, she criticized the series as "a disturbingly revisionist project that seeks to neutralize ... the massive political and military brutality and repression" of the empire.

Social History (journal)
Social History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of social history published by Routledge. It was established in 1976. The editors-in-chief are Louise Jackson and Gordon Johnston (University of Edinburgh). Issues from 1976 until 2012 are available on JSTOR.
Italian submarine Nereide (1913)
Nereide was a Nautilus-class submarine in the Italian Royal Navy (Italian: Règia Marina) during World War I. She was built 1911–1913 at the navy yard at Venice (Italian: Regio Arsenale) and was sunk in 1915 by the Austro-Hungarian submarine U-5 under the command of Georg Ritter von Trapp. Nereide's captain, Carlo del Greco posthumously received the Medaglia d'Oro al Valore Militare for his actions when Nereide was sunk.

Venetian Arsenal
The Venetian Arsenal (Italian: Arsenale di Venezia) is a complex of former shipyards and armories clustered together in the city of Venice in northern Italy. Owned by the state, the Arsenal was responsible for the bulk of the Venetian Republic's naval power from the Late Middle Ages to the early modern period. It was "one of the earliest large-scale industrial enterprises in history".
Island Bird
The  Island Bird  is a Chesapeake Bay log canoe built in 1882 by William Sidney Covington in Tilghman, Maryland. She is a 27 ft 4 in (8.33 m) sailing log canoe with a racing rig, a sharp stem with a longhead bow, and a sharp, raking stern. She is one of the smallest boats in the active racing fleet, with a beam of only 5 ft 6.5 in (1.689 m). The boat is privately owned by the descendants of Mr. Covington and has been racing every season since 1949.  She is one of the last 22 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay racing log canoes that carry on a tradition of racing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland that has existed since the 1840s. She is located in St. Michaels, Talbot County, Maryland.

She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Talbot County, Maryland
Talbot County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,526. Its county seat is Easton. The county was named for Lady Grace Talbot, the wife of Sir Robert Talbot, an Anglo-Irish statesman, and the sister of Lord Baltimore. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

Talbot County comprises the Easton, MD Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC–MD–VA–WV–PA Combined Statistical Area.

Talbot County is bordered by Queen Anne's County to the north, Caroline County to the east, Dorchester County to the south, and the Chesapeake Bay to the west.
Downlands College
Downlands College, officially named Downlands Sacred Heart College, is a private, Primary school, secondary, coeducational, day and boarding school at Harlaxton in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. Founded by the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart in 1931, the college began as a boarding school for boys with a total enrolment of 68.

Downlands is Queensland's only Catholic, coeducational, day and boarding school years prep-12.  The school offers boarding for both boys and girls and demand for co-educational boarding is high as it allows families and siblings to remain together. The school has an enrolment of approximately 290 boarders from regional Queensland, interstate and overseas, including indigenous students from communities such as Kowanyama and the Tiwi Islands. The school also provides casual boarding to its day students. Downlands College is one of the biggest boarding schools in Queensland.

Kowanyama, Queensland
Kowanyama is a town and coastal locality in the Aboriginal Shire of Kowanyama, Queensland, Australia.

It is the site of the former Mitchell River Mission, founded in 1916, after the nearby  Trubanamen Mission (established not far away on Topsy Creek in 1905) was abandoned.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Kowanyama had a population of 1,079 people.
Tollingham
Tollingham is a hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.  It is situated approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of the village of Holme-on-Spalding-Moor and 7 miles (11 km) north-east of the market town of Howden. It lies to the west of the Market Weighton Canal.

It forms part of the civil parish of Holme-on-Spalding-Moor.

Market Weighton Canal
The Market Weighton Canal ran 9.5 miles (15.3 km) from the Humber Estuary to its terminus near Market Weighton. It gained its act of Parliament in 1772 and opened in 1782. The 3.5 miles (5.6 km) closest to Market Weighton was abandoned in 1900 and the right of navigation through Weighton lock was lost in 1971. However, as of 2002 the lock was passable and the canal usable up to the junction with the River Foulness where silt has made it impassable. Also there is no right of navigation under the M62 motorway bridge to the north of Newport.
CREB1
CAMP responsive element binding protein 1, also known as CREB-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREB1 gene. This protein binds the cAMP response element, a DNA nucleotide sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. The binding of CREB1 stimulates transcription.

This protein is a CREB transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein binds as a homodimer to the cAMP-responsive element, an octameric palindrome. The protein is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes. There are two main types of protein kinase. The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. Most of the others are tyrosine kinases, although additional types exist. Protein kinases are also found in bacteria and plants. Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.
Bertioga
Bertioga is a Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo and part of the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Region. Its population is 64,723 (2020 est.) in an area of 490.15 km2. Because it neighbors resort towns, its population fluctuates greatly with the seasons. The more northern parts are densely forested and unpopulated. It was created on 19 May 1991, from a part of Santos.

The municipality contains the 9,312 hectares (23,010 acres) Restinga de Bertioga State Park, created in 2010 to protect an area of mangroves, restinga and rainforest. Its limits are Mogi das Cruzes, Biritiba-Mirim and Salesópolis in the north, São Sebastião in the east, Atlantic Ocean to the south with Ilha de Santo Amaro (opposite the city) and Santos in the west.

Restinga
Restingas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁesˈtʃĩɡɐ]) are a distinct type of coastal tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest in eastern Brazil. They form on sandy, acidic, and nutrient-poor soils, and are characterized by medium-sized trees and shrubs adapted to the drier and nutrient-poor conditions. One of the most notable restingas is the Restinga da Marambaia (in Rio de Janeiro), which is owned and kept by the Brazilian Army.
Guangdong Provincial People's Government
The Guangdong Provincial People's Government is the provincial administrative agency of Guangdong. It is officially elected by the Guangdong Provincial People's Congress and is formally responsible to the Provincial People's Congress and its Standing Committee. The provincial government is headed by a governor, currently Wang Weizhong. Under the country's one-party system, the governor is subordinate to the secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Wang Weizhong
Wang Weizhong (Chinese: 王伟中; born March 1962) is a Chinese politician currently serving as Party Secretary of Inner Mongolia. A graduate of Tsinghua University, Wang rose through the ranks working for the Ministry of Science and Technology. He previously served as the Party Secretary of Taiyuan, Shenzhen and Governor of Guangdong Province.
1955 Vuelta a España
The 10th Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 25 April to 8 May 1955. It consisted of 15 stages covering a total of 2,740 km (1,700 mi), and was won by Jean Dotto. Fiorenzo Magni won the points classification and Giuseppe Buratti won the mountains classification.

Jean Dotto
Jean-Baptiste Dotto (27 March 1928, in St-Nazaire – 20 February 2000, in Ollioules, France) was the first French racing cyclist to win the Vuelta a España. He rode the Tour de France 13 times, coming fourth in 1954.

Jean Dotto was born with Italian nationality. He became French in 1937. Dotto was a good climber. He became an independent, or semi-professional, in 1948 and won a race up Mont Ventoux that year and won Marseille-Toulon-Marseille and the climb of La Turbie, near Nice in 1950. He turned professional in 1951 for France-Sport-Dunlop and won five races, including three hill climbs, in his first season. He rode until 1963, winning 35 races, including the Dauphiné-Libéré twice. He won stage 19 of the 1954 Tour de France and next year won the Vuelta by beating Julio Jiménez of Spain and Raphaël Géminiani of France.

Of his era, he said: "We took amphetamine but not all the year. That allowed us to win and it wasn't very dangerous."
Ethan Roots
Ethan Roots (born 10 November 1997) is a professional rugby union player who plays as a flanker for Premiership Rugby club Exeter Chiefs. Born in New Zealand, he represents England at international level after qualifying on ancestry grounds.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Maharashtra Udayagiri Institute of Management & Technology Somnathpur
Maharashtra Udayagiri Institute of Management and Technology Somnathpur is an engineering college based in Udgir, India. It was founded in 2009 and is a part of the Maharashtra Udaygiri Education Society's group of educational institutions.

It is a technical institute affiliated to Nanded University and managed by the Maharashtra Udaygiri Education Society (MUES). It is located at Somnathpur, Udgir in Latur District.

Somanathapura
Somanathapura, also spelled Somnathpur  temple or Somanathpura  is a town in T Narasipura Taluk, Mysore district in the state of Karnataka in India. It is located 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Keshava Temple at Somanathapura (Also called Keshava temple).
Demirciler, Borçka
Demirciler (Laz: Çxala) is a village in Borçka District of Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 784 (2021). Situated in the forests, it is to the northeast of Çoruh River. The distance to Borçka is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and to Artvin is 37 kilometres (23 mi). The history of the village goes back to Sakas, Mingrelians, Seljukids, and Laz people. The present name of the village means blacksmiths, and it refers to the profession of many village residents.

Mingrelians
The Mingrelians (Mingrelian: მარგალეფი, romanized: margalepi; Georgian: მეგრელები, romanized: megrelebi) are an indigenous Kartvelian-speaking ethnic subgroup  of Georgians that mostly live in the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (Mingrelian: სამარგალო, romanized: samargalo; Georgian: სამეგრელო, romanized: samegrelo) region of Georgia. They also live in considerable numbers in Abkhazia and Tbilisi. In the pre-1930 Soviet census, the Mingrelians were afforded their own ethnic group category, alongside many other ethnic subgroups of Georgians.

The Mingrelians speak the Mingrelian language, and are typically bilingual also in Georgian. Both these languages belong to the Kartvelian language family.
2014 Peterborough City Council election
The 2014 Peterborough City Council election took place on 22 May 2014 to elect members of Peterborough City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

The Conservatives lost four seats to give them a total of 28 seats, Labour gained one seat to give them a total of 12 seats, UK Independence Party won three seats, the Independents maintained seven seats, the Liberal Democrats maintained four seats and the Liberal Party maintained three seats.

Peterborough City Council
Peterborough City Council is the local authority for Peterborough, a local government district with city status in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. Peterborough has had a council since 1874, which has been reformed several times. Since 1998 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2019. Following the 2024 election a minority Labour administration formed to run the council. The council meets at Peterborough Town Hall and has its main offices at Sand Martin House on Bittern Way.
Mutsuko Soma
Mutsuko Soma is a James Beard Award finalist and Japanese chef and owner of Kamonegi and its sister bar, Hannyatou. She specializes in handmade soba noodles and is the only chef on the West Coast to roll soba by hand.

Soba
Soba (そば or 蕎麦, "buckwheat") are Japanese noodles made from buckwheat flour, with varying amounts of wheat flour mixed in. 
It has an ashen brown color, and a slightly grainy texture. The noodles are served either chilled with a dipping sauce, or hot in a noodle soup. They are used in a wide variety of dishes.

In Japan, soba noodles can be found at fast food venues like standing-up-eating (立ち食いそば, tachigui-soba) to expensive specialty restaurants. Dried soba noodles are sold in stores, along with men-tsuyu, or instant noodle broth, to make home preparation easy.

The amino acid balance of the protein in buckwheat, and therefore in soba, is well matched to the needs of humans and can complement the amino acid deficiencies of other staples such as rice and wheat (see protein combining). The tradition of eating soba in ordinary people arose in the Edo period.
Indie classical
The "indie classical" genre is generally used to describe the music that follows certain classical music practices but is produced and distributed through independent record labels. The term was brought into widespread circulation by New Amsterdam Records's publicity apparatus, intended to represent composers whose "music slips through the cracks between genres." The term "indie classical" became controversial and by 2013, it had been strongly resisted by participants in the very community that the record label initially sought to describe. The term remains unsettled and its use has declined, although currently it is sometimes used interchangeably with "alt-classical" or "neo-classical", generally as a marketing label for music that crosses over between classical and other popular genres, associating artists who have little in common with the original movement.

William Brittelle
William Brittelle (born 1977) is a Grammy-winning Brooklyn-based composer, producer, and creator of hypertext and multimedia. He primarily works in the area of genre-fluid electro-acoustic music. Brittelle is co-founder/co-artistic director of New Amsterdam Records with composers Sarah Kirkland Snider and Judd Greenstein and house producer at Shahzad Ismaily's Figureight Recording studio. He has worked with artists across the stylistic spectrum, including the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Seattle Symphony, the Baltimore Symphony, Roomful of Teeth, Justin Vernon (Bon Iver), Bryce Dessner (The National), Dirty Projectors, Son Lux, Oneohtrix Point Never, Duran Duran, Wye Oak, Kanye West, and others.
Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's 50 metre freestyle S9
The men's 50m freestyle S9 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the  London Aquatics Centre on 5 September. There were three heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

London Aquatics Centre
The London Aquatics Centre is an indoor facility with two 50-metre (164-foot) swimming pools and a 25-metre (82-foot) diving pool in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, London. The centre, designed by architect Zaha Hadid as one of the main venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, was used for the swimming, diving and synchronised swimming events. After significant modification, the centre opened to the public in March 2014.
Nathaniel Eaton
Nathaniel Eaton (before 17 September 1609 − before 11 May 1674) was an Anglican clergyman who was the first Headmaster of Harvard, President designate, and builder of Harvard's first College, Yard, and Library, in 1636.

Nathaniel was the uncle of Samuel Eaton, one of the seven founding members and signatories of the Harvard Corporation by charter in 1650.

President and Fellows of Harvard College
The President and Fellows of Harvard College, also called the Harvard Corporation or just the Corporation, is the smaller and more powerful of Harvard University's two governing boards. It refers to itself as the oldest corporation in the Western Hemisphere. At full capacity, as of 2024, the corporation consists of twelve fellows as well as the president of Harvard University, for a total of thirteen members.

The Corporation and the Board of Overseers exercise institutional roles that, at most other colleges and universities, are more commonly consolidated into a single board of trustees.

Although the institution it governs has grown into a university of which Harvard College is one component, the corporation's name remains "The President and Fellows of Harvard College".
Cycling at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Women's road time trial C1–3
The Women's time trial C1–3 road cycling event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics took place on 4 September 2024, at Clichy-sous-Bois, Paris. 16 riders competed in the event.

The C1-3 classification is for cyclists described as follows:

C1: severe hemiplegic or diplegic spasticity; severe athetosis or ataxia; bilateral through knee amputation, etc.

C2: moderate hemiplegic or diplegic spasticity; moderate athetosis or ataxia; unilateral above knee amputation, etc.

C3: moderate hemiplegic or diplegic spasticity; moderate athetosis or ataxia; bilateral below knee or unilateral through knee amputation, etc.

As this is a composite classification event, times are factored.

Clichy-sous-Bois
Clichy-sous-Bois (French pronunciation: [kliʃi su bwɑ]) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from central Paris.

Clichy-sous-Bois is not served by any motorway, major road, or railway and therefore continues to be one of the most isolated of Paris' inner suburbs. It is one of the most economically disadvantaged suburbs as well and the 2005 civil unrest and riots began there, which subsequently spread nationwide.