hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Greatest Generation (album)
The Greatest Generation is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Wonder Years. The album was produced by Steve Evetts, who also produced their previous album, Suburbia I've Given You All and Now I'm Nothing.

The album's lyrical themes include adolescence, ageing, choices, self-reflection and failure.

Choice
A choice is the range of different things from which a being can choose.  The arrival at a choice may incorporate motivators and models.

Freedom of choice is generally cherished, whereas a severely limited or artificially restricted choice can lead to discomfort with choosing, and possibly an unsatisfactory outcome. In contrast, a choice with excessively numerous options may lead to confusion, reduced satisfaction, regret of the alternatives not taken, and indifference in an unstructured existence;: 63 
and the illusion that choosing an object or a course, necessarily leads to the control of that object or course, can cause psychological problems.
1852 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
The 1852 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 2, 1852, as part of the 1852 United States presidential election. State voters chose five electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Democratic Party candidate Franklin Pierce won the state with 51.98% of the popular vote, winning Wisconsin's five electoral votes.

This would be the final time a Democratic presidential candidate would win Wisconsin until Grover Cleveland won the state in 1892. No Democratic presidential candidate would again win a majority of Wisconsin's popular vote until Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.

This was the last election until 1936 in which a Democrat carried Rock County. Additionally, neither Bad Ax (Vernon) County nor Waushara County would vote Democratic again until 1932.

Columbia County, Grant County, Green County, Portag County, Racine County, Rock County, St. Croix County would also not vote for a Democrat again until 1912.

Portage County, Wisconsin
Portage County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,377. Its county seat is Stevens Point.

Portage County comprises the Stevens Point, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
John Edward Dinsmore
John Edward Dinsmore (1862–1951) was a botanist and educator, born in Maine, United States. He is best known for his role as the director of the herbarium of the American Colony, Jerusalem and as the honorary curator at the herbarium of George Edward Post in Beirut, Lebanon.

American Colony, Jerusalem
The American religious foundation and philanthropy that informally became known as the American Colony of Jerusalem, was established in the Ottoman Empire in 1881 as a "Christian utopian society" led by American religious leader Horatio Gates Spafford and his Norwegian wife Anne Tobine Larsen Øglende.  Largely concerned with providing social services, education, meeting spaces, and medical care, it became known for producing and publishing an important documentation, photographic series of the area of Jerusalem starting in the early 1900s. The community lasted until the 1950s.

The colony is known today mainly for the American Colony Hotel that exists in the place where the colony was located.
Rafael Celestino Benítez
Rear Admiral Rafael Celestino Benítez (March 9, 1917 – March 6, 1999) was a highly decorated American submarine commander who led the rescue effort of the crew members of the USS Cochino during the Cold War.  After retiring from the navy, he was Pan American World Airways' vice president for Latin America.  He taught international law for 16 years at the University of Miami School of Law, and served as associate dean, interim dean and director and founder of the foreign graduate law program. While there, he founded the comparative law LL.M. program, the inter-American law LL.M. program, and the Inter-American Law Review. After his death, the university established a scholarship in his memory to benefit a foreign attorney who is enrolled in one of the Law School's LL.M. programs.

USS Cochino
USS Cochino (SS-345) was a Balao-class submarine in service with the United States Navy from 1945 to 1949. She sank after a battery explosion off Norway, on 26 August 1949. Cochino was named for the cochino, a triggerfish found in the Atlantic.
Accademia dei Filodrammatici
The Accademia dei Filodrammatici (literally "Academy of Drama Lovers"), is a drama school located in Milan, Italy and founded in 1796. It is the oldest theatre school in Italy.

The theatre was designed by neoclassic architect Luigi Canonica, based on Giuseppe Piermarini’s drawings. The original structure was replaced in 1904 with an Art Nouveau building by architects Laveni and Avati. Of that structure, only the façade was preserved, with stucco and iron decorations and floral weaving, typical of the time. The interior was completely rebuilt by the architect Luigi Caccia Dominioni in the 1960s, due to its partial destruction during Second World War bombings.

Tutors and staff members who worked at the school over the years include Vincenzo Monti, Carlo Porta, Ugo Foscolo, Cesare Beccaria, Giuseppe Giacosa and Giuseppe Verdi.

Vincenzo Monti
Vincenzo Monti (19 February 1754 – 13 October 1828) was an Italian poet, playwright, translator, and scholar, the greatest interpreter of Italian Neoclassicism in all of its various phases. His verse translation of the Iliad is considered one of the greatest of them all, with its iconic opening ("Cantami, o Diva, del Pelide Achille l'ira funesta", lib. I, verses 1–2) becoming an extremely recognizable phrase among Italians (for example, being the text shown when opening a font file in Microsoft Windows).
New Hampshire Battalion
The New Hampshire Battalion was formed when the 1st New Hampshire Regiment and the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment were consolidated into one unit on 22 June 1783 consisting of five companies of volunteers. The battalion was disbanded on 1 January 1784 at New Windsor, New York.

New Windsor, New York
New Windsor is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 27,805 at the 2020 census. It is located on the eastern side of the county and is adjacent to the Hudson River and the City of Newburgh.
Nernstia
Nernstia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Ignatz Urban in 1923.

The genus name of Nernstia is in honour of Walther Hermann Nernst (1864–1941), who was a German chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid state physics..

The genus contains only one species, i.e. Nernstia mexicana (Zucc. & Mart. ex DC.) Urb., which is endemic to north-eastern Mexico.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Dynastic union
A dynastic union is a type of union in which different states are governed beneath the same dynasty, with their boundaries, their laws, and their interests remaining distinct from each other.

It is a form of association looser than a personal union, when several states share the same monarch, and a real union, when they have common institutions in addition to the same monarch.

Real union
Real union is a union of two or more states, which share some state institutions in contrast to personal unions; however, they are not as unified as states in a political union. It is a development from personal union and has historically been limited to monarchies.

Unlike personal unions, real unions almost exclusively led to a reduction of sovereignty for the politically weaker constituent. That was the case with Lithuania and Norway, which came under the influence of stronger neighbors, Poland and Denmark respectively, with which each of them had shared a personal union previously.

Sometimes, however, a real union came about after a period of political union. The most notable example of such a move is the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen), which achieved equal status to Austria (which exercised control over the "Cisleithanian" crown lands) in Austria-Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
Stanisław Sylwester Szarzyński
Stanisław Sylwester Szarzyński (fl. 1692–1713) was a Polish composer.

Szarzyński was a Cistercian monk; virtually nothing else is known of his life. He may have been involved with the choir of the Collegiate Church at Lowicz, where many of his compositions were preserved. His works are dated from 1692 to 1713, and the level of technical competence displayed in his works indicates that he must have had significant formal training.

All but one of his surviving works are sacred in nature. He wrote solo motets for voice, violin, and continuo, which are in stile concertato. He also wrote a number of choral works. His compositions include a five-part mass and a four-part completeorium. Many of his pieces interpolate melodies from popular religious tunes. His lone surviving nonreligious work is a sonata for two violins and continuo.

Motet
In Western classical music, a motet is mainly a vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from high medieval music to the present. The motet was one of the preeminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music. According to the English musicologist Margaret Bent, "a piece of music in several parts with words" is as precise a definition of the motet as will serve from the 13th to the late 16th century and beyond. The late 13th-century theorist Johannes de Grocheo believed that the motet was "not to be celebrated in the presence of common people, because they do not notice its subtlety, nor are they delighted in hearing it, but in the presence of the educated and of those who are seeking out subtleties in the arts".
Carroll Fighting Saints football
The Carroll Fighting Saint football program represents Carroll College of Helena, Montana, in college football. The team competes in the Frontier Conference, which is affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). The Carroll Fighting Saints football team began playing in 1920 and is one of the most successful programs in the NAIA division of college football.

The team is currently coached by Troy Purcell who is in his fifth season at Carroll. The Carroll College Fighting Saints play their home games on campus at Nelson Stadium.

Helena, Montana
Helena (listenⓘ; /ˈhɛlənə/) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Montana and the county seat of Lewis and Clark County.

Helena was founded as a gold camp during the Montana gold rush, and established on October 30, 1864. Due to the gold rush, Helena became a wealthy city, with approximately 50 millionaires inhabiting the area by 1888. The concentration of wealth contributed to the city's prominent, elaborate Victorian architecture.

At the 2020 census Helena's population was 32,091, making it the 5th least populous state capital in the United States and the 6th most populous city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Helena Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Lewis and Clark, and Jefferson counties; the MSA's population being 83,058 according to the 2020 census.

The local daily newspaper is the Independent Record. The city is served by Helena Regional Airport (HLN).
Pitze
The Pitze (also: Pitzbach) is a river in the Imst district, Tyrol, Austria, a right tributary of the river Inn.

The Pitze flows through the Pitztal valley, a southern branch of the Inntal. It has a length of about 41 kilometres (25 mi), and its basin area is 308 km2 (119 sq mi). It merges with the Inn 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the city of Imst at an elevation of 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Imst District
The Bezirk Imst is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It borders the district Reutte in the north, as well as sharing a small border with Bavaria (Germany). It borders the district Innsbruck-Land in the east, South Tyrol (Italy) in the south, and the district Landeck in the west.

Area of the district is 1,724.65 square kilometres (665.89 sq mi), which makes it by area rank 4 of the districts of Tyrol, with a population of 57,734 (as of January 1, 2012) (Number 6 in Tyrol), and a population density of 33 persons per km2. The administrative center of the district is Imst.
Journal of Futures Markets
Journal of Futures Markets is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covers developments in financial futures and derivatives. The editor-in-chief is Bart Frijns. The journal covers subjects including: futures, derivatives, risk management and control, financial engineering, new financial instruments, hedging strategies, analysis of trading systems, legal, accounting, and regulatory issues, and portfolio optimization. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2022 impact factor is 1.9.

Computational finance
Computational finance is a branch of applied computer science that deals with problems of practical interest in finance. Some slightly different definitions are the study of data and algorithms currently used in finance and the mathematics of computer programs that realize financial models or systems.

Computational finance emphasizes practical numerical methods rather than mathematical proofs and focuses on techniques that apply directly to economic analyses. It is an interdisciplinary field between mathematical finance and numerical methods. Two major areas are efficient and accurate computation of fair values of financial securities and the modeling of stochastic time series.
Lawrence A. Conner Sr.
Lawrence A. Conner Sr. (August 22, 1899 – May 21, 1964) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for Delaware County from 1953 to 1954.

Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Delaware County, colloquially referred to as Delco, is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With a population of 576,830 as of the 2020 census, it is the fifth-most populous county in Pennsylvania and the third-smallest in area. The county was created on September 26, 1789, from part of Chester County and named for the Delaware River. The county is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, or Delaware Valley, region of the commonwealth.

Delaware County borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-most populous city, to its northeast. It also is adjacent to the city-county of Philadelphia County and is included in the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area. Its county seat is Media, which is located near the center of the county.
Satyajeet Tambe Patil
Satyajeet Sudhir Tambe is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Council from the Nashik Graduate constituency in Maharashtra, India.  He contested and won the Maharashtra Legislative Council elections from Nashik Graduate constituency in 2023. He was associated with the Indian National Congress till 2022. Maharashtra Congress suspended Satyajit Tambe after he filed his independent candidature form from Nashik Graduate Constituency.

Nashik
Nashik, formerly Nasik, is a city in the northern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra situated on the banks of the river Godavari, about 165 km (103 mi) northeast of the state capital Mumbai.

Nashik is one of the Hindu pilgrimage sites of the Kumbh Mela, which is held every 12 years.

According to the Ramayana, Nashik is where Lakshmana cut off the nose of the demoness Shurpanakha on the banks of the Godavari River. It is also called Panchavati.
It was known as "Gulshanabad" during the Mughal period.
Amateur Softball Association of the Philippines
The Amateur Softball Association of the Philippines (ASA-PHIL) is the national governing body for softball in the Philippines. It  is accredited by the International Softball Federation which is the governing body for the sport of softball in the world. It currently manages the men's and women's national teams for softball, the Blu Boys and Blu Girls.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Frederick Gordon Spear
Frederick Gordon Spear (often F. Gordon Spear or F.G. Spear; 1895–1980) was a British physician and researcher. Originally trained in tropical medicine, he spent time working in what was then the Belgian Congo. After his return to England in 1923, he became interested in radiology and radiobiology. As a member of the Medical Research Council, he was involved in the decision to continue work at Strangeways Research Laboratory following the 1926 death of founder Thomas Strangeways. He served as Deputy Director under the laboratory's longtime director Honor Fell from 1931 to 1958. While at Strangeways he conducted experiments on the effects of radiation on cells and tissues, particularly tissue cultures derived from cancers.: 254  He was known for forceful rhetoric in support of the then-controversial field of tissue culture and its potential in informing clinical practice.

Radiobiology
Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of radiation on living tissue  (including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), in particular health effects of radiation.

Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things but can have health benefits in radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer and thyrotoxicosis. Its most common impact is the induction of cancer with a latent period of years or decades after exposure. High doses can cause visually dramatic radiation burns, and/or rapid fatality through acute radiation syndrome. Controlled doses are used for medical imaging and radiotherapy.
The Murderers Are Coming
The Murderers are Coming (Russian: Убийцы выходят на дорогу, romanized: Ubiytsi vikhodyat na dorogu) is a 1942 Soviet war film directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin and Yuri Tarich based on the 1938 play Fear and Misery of the Third Reich by Bertolt Brecht. The film was not allowed to screen by Soviet censors.

This was Sofya Magarill's last film performance.

Vsevolod Pudovkin
Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin (Russian: Всеволод Илларионович Пудовкин, IPA: [ˈfsʲevələt ɪl(ː)ərʲɪˈonəvʲɪtɕ pʊˈdofkʲɪn]; 28 February 1893 – 30 June 1953) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter and actor who developed influential theories of montage. Pudovkin's masterpieces are often contrasted with those of his contemporary Sergei Eisenstein; Eisenstein utilized montage to glorify the power of the masses, while Pudovkin preferred to concentrate on the courage and resilience of individuals. He was granted the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1948.
José Luis García Pérez
José Luis García Pérez (born 1972 in Sevilla, Spain) is an Andalusian actor in film, theatre, and television. He studied at the  Centro Andaluz de Teatro (CAT). Perez portrayed the role of Pedro in the 2005 film Cachorro, where he was nominated for a Goya Award for Best Newcomer. He has worked with Gerardo Herrero, Benito Zambrano, and José Luis Garci in film; and Blanca Portillo and Carlos Saura in theater. Perez was the founder and director of Quijotada, a show that has toured Spain and other countries. He runs his own company, "Digo Digo Teatro". Perez hosted the 39th Latin American Film Festival of Huelva. Pérez directed Vampiros, which revolves around the story of Dracula.

Goya Awards
The Goya Awards (Spanish: Premios Goya) are Spain's main national annual film awards. They are presented by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

The first ceremony was held in 1987, a year after the founding of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences, at the Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid. They have since been also held in other Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Málaga, Valencia, Valladolid, and Granada).
Genevieve Horton
Genevieve Horton (born 6 January 1995) is an Australian rower, a dual Olympian, a junior world champion and an Australian national champion. She competed in the women's double sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics and is the 2019 Australian national champion in the women's single scull. She rowed in the Australian women's eight at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.

World Rowing U23 Championships
World Rowing U23 Championships  is an international rowing regatta organized by the World Rowing Federation. Rowers can compete in U23 events until December 31 of the year in which they turn 22. The World Rowing U23 Championship is just under a week long and consists of a progression system to advance from heats to finals. The regatta has 22 boat classes, which includes the 8 lightweight boat classes.
Neo-paganism in the Republic of Ireland
Many neo-pagan religions such as Wicca, Druidry and Celtic polytheism have active followings in Ireland, although the number of declared adherents is likely quite small. It has been claimed to be the fastest growing religion in Ireland.

Kells, County Meath
Kells (/ˈkɛlz/; Irish: Ceanannas) is a town in County Meath, Ireland. The town lies off the M3 motorway, 16 km (10 mi) from Navan and 65 km (40 mi) from Dublin. Along with other towns in County Meath, it is within the commuter belt for Dublin, and had a population of 6,608 as of the 2022 census. It is best known as the site of Kells Abbey, from which the Book of Kells takes its name. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.