hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kâmuran Şipal
Kâmuran Şipal (1926, Adana – 18 September 2019, Istanbul), was a Turkish novelist, story writer and translator.

Şipal graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Letters, German Language Department. In the following years, he translated from German to Turkish, such German writers as Franz Kafka, Alfred Adler, Ingeborg Bachmann, Wolfgang Borchert, Heinrich Böll, Alfred Brauchle, Bertolt Brecht, Max Brod, Elias Canetti, Sigmund Freud, Gustav Hans Graber, Günter Grass, Carl Gustav Jung, Thomas Mann, Rainer Maria Rilke, Robert Musil, Bernhard Zeller, Hans Zulliger and Hermann Hesse. Şipal won the Turkish Language Association Story Contest in 1953. He received a Sait Faik Story Award for his novel named Elbiseciler Çarşısı and seven years before his death, was awarded the Orhan Kemal Novel Award (2011) for his novel named Sırrımsın Sırdaşımsın.

Max Brod
Max Brod (Hebrew: מקס ברוד; 27 May 1884 – 20 December 1968) was an Israeli author, composer and journalist, born as a German-speaking Czech. He is notable for promoting the work of writer Franz Kafka and composer Leoš Janáček.

Although he was a prolific writer in his own right, he is best remembered as the friend and biographer of Franz Kafka. Kafka named Brod as his literary executor, instructing Brod to burn his unpublished work upon his death. Brod refused and had Kafka's works published instead.

In 1939, as the Nazis occupied Prague, he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine, taking with him a suitcase of Kafka's papers, many of them unpublished notes, diaries, and sketches.
1980 Melbourne Cup
The 1980 Melbourne Cup was a handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 4 November 1980 over 3200m, at Flemington Racecourse.

The race was won by the American bred gelding Beldale Ball, trained by Colin Hayes and ridden by John Letts.  The runner up was My Blue Denim, trained by Dave O'Sullivan, and third place went to Love Bandit trained by Bob Hoysted.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Nobel Biocare
Nobel Biocare is a Swiss company originally founded in Sweden for manufacturing dental implants. It is now headquartered in Kloten, Switzerland near the Zürich Airport. Nobel Biocare in its current form was founded in 2002. It originates from a partnership formed in 1978 between Swedish medical researcher Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark and Bofors, a Swedish company, to industrialize Brånemark's discovery of osseointegration  (the fusing of titanium with bone). Beside dental implants, it also presently develops and commercializes CAD/CAM-based prosthetics equipments to scan teeth and to fabricate individualized dental prosthesis using digital technologies in place of silicone molding.

Silicone
A silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer composed of repeating units of siloxane (−O−SiR2−O−SiR2−, where "R" stands for an organic group).  They are typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances.  Silicones are used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medicine, cooking utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation. Some common forms include silicone oil, grease, rubber, resin, and caulk.  From the chemical perspective, silicones are unusual because they feature inorganic backbones, composed only of Si and O, but they have properties of organic polymers. They represent one of the main applications of organosilicon chemistry.

Silicone is often confused with one of its constituent elements, silicon.  Silicon, a hard gray solid, is  used to make integrated circuits ("electronic chips") and solar cells. In contrast, silicones, which tend to be electrical insulators, are often colorless oils or rubbery resin.
Christoffer Forsberg
Christoffer Forsberg (born March 31, 1994) is a Swedish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Lahti Pelicans of the Liiga.

Forsberg made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Färjestad BK during the 2013–14 SHL season. Forsberg played 11 seasons with the Malmö Redhawks before leaving the SHL to sign a two-year contract with Finnish club, Lahti Pelicans of the Liiga, on 26 July 2025.

Malmö Redhawks
The Malmö Redhawks (colloquially referred to simply as Malmö or by past abbreviation MIF) are a Swedish professional ice hockey team based in Malmö, Sweden, which plays in the SHL, with Malmö Arena as the venue for home games.

The history of the team dates back to 1944 as the ice hockey division of the now exclusively football club Malmö FF. In 1972 the team divested from Malmö FF, marking the start of the hockey association initially known as Malmö IF. The team name was changed to MIF Redhawks in 2001 and then to the present name IF Malmö Redhawks in 2004. Officially the team goes by the name Ishockeyföreningen Malmö Redhawks (Ice Hockey Association Malmö Redhawks). The current CEO is Patrik Sylvegård who represented the team during his senior playing career.
Daniel Zion
Daniel Solomon Zion (Hebrew: דניאל ציון; 3 August 1883, Salonica – 13 November 1979, Jaffa) was an Orthodox rabbi, Kabbalist and political activist. Zion moved to Sofia, Bulgaria, as a shochet (ritual butcher) and cantor. Bulgaria's Jewish community at the time was almost completely assimilated, and there were no ultra-Orthodox communities in the country during World War II. In 1950, after emigrating to Israel, Zion was removed from his position on the local rabbinical court for his newfound belief that Jesus of Nazareth was the Jewish Messiah.

Cantor
A cantor or chanter is a person who leads people in singing or sometimes in prayer. Cantor as a profession generally refers to those leading a Jewish congregation, although it also applies to the lead singer or choir director in Christian contexts. In formal Jewish worship, a cantor is a person who sings solo verses or passages to which the choir or congregation responds.
Addas
Addas (Arabic: عَدَّاس, romanized: ʿAddās) was a young Christian slave boy who lived in Taif, a mountainous area south of Mecca, during the times of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. Originally from Nineveh, he was supposedly the first person from the western province of Taif to convert to Islam.

Hejaz Mountains
The Hijaz Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال ٱلْحِجَاز, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥijāz, Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [dʒɪˈbaːlu lħɪˈdʒaːzi]) or Hejaz Range is a mountain range located in the Hejazi region of western Saudi Arabia. The range runs north and south along the eastern coast of the Red Sea, and can thus be treated as including the Midian Mountains, and being part of the Sarawat Mountains, broadly speaking.
Makimuku ruins
The Makimuku ruins (纒向遺跡, Makimuku iseki) is an archaeological site with the traces of a late-Yayoi period (2nd century) to early-Kofun period (4th century) settlement located at the northwest foot of Mount Miwa of the city of Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site in 2013.

Some researchers consider the area to be the birthplace of the Kofun system. There is a theory that they are the center of Yamatai, and six ancient burial mounds such as Hashihaka Kofun are distributed.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Pro Motorsport (British racing team)
Pro Motorsport (currently competing as Support Our Paras Racing) is a British motor racing team based at Kirkby Mallory, Leicestershire. The team entered the British Touring Car Championship as a manufacturer entry in 2015 in partnership with car manufacturer Infiniti, racing a pair of NGTC Infiniti Q50s. However, after the first three rounds of the championship, Infiniti withdrew its support, leaving the team to run as an Independent entry. The team currently operates in the BTCC under the Support Our Paras Racing banner due to several members of the team being wounded and ex servicemen.

Kirkby Mallory
Kirkby Mallory is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Kirkby Mallory, Peckleton and Stapleton, in the Hinckley and Bosworth district of Leicestershire, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 231.

It is known mainly for its race circuit, Mallory Park, a one-mile (1.6 km) track where car and motorbike races take place. Its church is All Saints and is located near the entrance.  Numerous lakes and farms are situated in and around the village and the lakes are popular fishing areas.

There is a yearly firework display at the circuit which is well attended by residents and locals.
Balocco (company)
Balocco S.p.A. is an Italian food company based in Fossano. It was founded in 1927.

Balocco produces a range of biscuits. The company exports products to about 30 countries and offers private-label production services.

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Makeblock
Makeblock (Chinese: 童心制物) is a private Chinese technology company with headquarters in Shenzhen, China. It develops Arduino-based hardware, robotics hardware, and Scratch-based software for the purpose of providing educational tools for learning. This includes programming, engineering and mathematics through the use of robotics.

Makeblock's products are sold in more than 140 countries and have over 10 million users in 20,000 schools worldwide. Roughly 70 percent of Makeblock's sales occur outside of China, with the United States being the largest market.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Robert Award for Best Score
The Robert Award for Best Score (Danish: Robert Prisen for årets score; previously called Robert Prisen for årets musik, Lit.:The Robert Award for music of the year) is one of the merit awards presented by the Danish Film Academy at the annual Robert Awards ceremony. The award has been handed out every year since 1984, except 1988.

Danish Film Academy
The Danish Film Academy (FilmAkademiet), locally known as the Danmarks Filmakademi (DFA) is a Danish organisation the promotes the film industry.

The Danish Film Academy was founded in 1982 by a number of people with professional connection to the film industry. The Academy aims to promote film as an independent art form, and its members are primarily people who work with film. The Academy's largest annual event is the Robert Award ceremony.

Jacob Neiiendam, former head of programming at Copenhagen International Film Festival from 2005 to 2007, Nordic correspondent for Screen from 1999 until 2005, and founder-director of the CPH PIX film festival (2008-2018), became chair of the academy before or during 2018. He had run the Robert Awards from 2013.
AC Hotel Portland Downtown
The AC Hotel Portland Downtown is a 204-room hotel operated by Marriott International in Portland, Oregon. Located at the intersection of Southwest 3rd Avenue and Taylor Street, the 13-floor hotel opened in 2017.

SERA Architects
SERA Architects is an American architectural firm headquartered in Portland, Oregon, with a second office in Oakland, California. It is the fifth largest architecture firm in Portland, offering architectural, interior design, and urban design and planning services. Founded in Portland in 1968 by architect Bing Sheldon, who led the Portland Downtown Plan to revitalize the city’s urban core, the firm’s early work focused on historic renovations and adaptive reuse projects. In 2015, SERA opened a second office in Mountain View, California.

The firm is known for its research and implementation of sustainable design. In 2014 and 2015, two of its projects were named among the top ten greenest in the U.S. by the American Institute of Architects.
Ishin Sūden
Ishin Sūden (以心 崇伝, 1569 – 1633), also known as Konchi'in Sūden (金地院 崇伝), was a Japanese Rinzai Zen monk who was an advisor to Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, and later to shoguns Tokugawa Hidetada and Iemitsu on religious matters and foreign affairs. He was the 270th abbot of Nanzen-ji. He played a significant role in the initial development of the Tokugawa shogunate.

Tokugawa Hidetada
Tokugawa Hidetada (徳川 秀忠; 2 May 1579 – 14 March 1632) was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the second shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Through his daughter Tokugawa Masako, he was also the maternal grandfather of Empress Meishō.
Ulavuthurai
Ulavuthurai (transl. Vigilance department) is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by D. S. Ramesh Selvan. The film stars Vijayakanth, Meena and Sanghavi, with Radha Ravi, Janagaraj, Carlos, Jassi Singh, and Hemanth Ravan, among others, play supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1998, and failed at the box office.

Sanghavi
Sanghavi  (born Kavya Ramesh) is an Indian former actress and a model known for her work predominantly in Tamil and Telugu films. She was one of the leading actresses in South Indian cinema from 1993 to 2004. In a career spanning 15 years, she has starred in over eighty feature films—38 in Telugu, 35 films in Tamil, eight in Kannada, two in Malayalam and one film in Hindi.
Romanche Trench
The Romanche Trench, also called the Romanche Furrow or Romanche Gap, is the third-deepest of the major trenches of the Atlantic Ocean, after the Puerto Rico Trench and the South Sandwich Trench. It bisects the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) just north of the equator at the narrowest part of the Atlantic between Brazil and West Africa, extending from 2°N to 2°S and from 16°W to 20°W. The trench has been formed by the actions of the Romanche Fracture Zone, a portion of which is an active transform boundary offsetting sections of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

It was named after the French navy ship La Romanche, commanded by captain Louis-Ferdinand Martial which on 11 October 1883 made soundings that revealed the trench. The boat was returning to France after spending a few months on a scientific mission near Cape Horn as part of the first International Polar Year.

International Polar Year
The International Polar Years (IPY) are collaborative, international efforts with intensive research focus on the polar regions. Karl Weyprecht, an Austro-Hungarian naval officer, motivated the endeavor in 1875, but died before it first occurred in 1882–1883. Fifty years later (1932–1933) a second IPY took place. The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and was organized 75 years after the first IPY (1957–58). The fourth, and most recent, IPY covered two full annual cycles from March 2007 to March 2009.
AdventHealth Daytona Beach
'Memorial Health Systems Inc doing business as AdventHealth Daytona Beach, is a non-profit hospital campus in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States. It became part of AdventHealth following a merger with Memorial Health Systems in May 2000. The medical facility is a tertiary and comprehensive stroke center that has multiple specialties. In 2009, the hospital moved to its current location from Ormond Beach, Florida. In 2019, the 10th 'Timmy's Playroom' opened at the hospital. In 2023, a mercy killing took place at AdventHealth Daytona Beach, between an elderly couple.

Health club
A health club (also known as a fitness club, fitness center, health spa, weight room and commonly referred to as a gym) is a place that houses exercise equipment for the purpose of physical exercise.

In recent years, the number of fitness and health services have increased, expanding the interest among the population. Today, health clubs and fitness centers are a reference of health services, rising the adherence to physical activity.
2024 Oklahoma House of Representatives election
The 2024 Oklahoma House of Representative election took place on November 5, 2024. The primary elections for the Republican, Democratic, and Libertarian parties' nominations took place on June 18, 2024. All candidates had to file between the days of April 3–5, 2024. Oklahoma voters elected state representatives to serve two-year terms in all 101 House districts.

Republicans went into the 2024 election with a supermajority of seats in the state house over Democrats: 81 (R) to 20 (D).

Libertarian Party of Oklahoma
The Oklahoma Libertarian Party is the state affiliate of the national Libertarian Party in Oklahoma. It has been active in state politics since the 1970s, but due to Oklahoma's ballot access requirements the party has been an officially recognized party during only portions of the last twenty-five years. In 2016, The Oklahoma Libertarian Party regained ballot access. The state party has secured ballot access through at least 2024.
OTR-23 Oka
The OTR-23 Oka (Russian: OTP-23 «Ока»; named after Oka River) was a mobile theatre ballistic missile (Russian: оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс) deployed by the Soviet Union near the end of the Cold War to replace the obsolete R-17 Elbrus. It carried the GRAU index 9K714 and was assigned the NATO reporting name SS-23 Spider.  The introduction of the Oka significantly strengthened Soviet theatre nuclear capabilities as its range and accuracy allowed it not only to strike hardened NATO targets such as airfields, nuclear delivery systems, and command centers, but moving targets as well.  It also had a fast reaction time, being able to fire in approximately five minutes, and was nearly impossible to intercept, thereby allowing it to penetrate defenses.

Oka (river)
The Oka (UK: /ˈɒkə/, US: /ˈoʊkə/; Russian: Ока IPA: [ɐˈka]) is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as the town of Kaluga. Its length is 1,500 km (930 mi) and its catchment area 245,000 km2 (95,000 sq mi). The Russian capital Moscow sits on one of the Oka's tributaries—the Moskva, from which the capital's name is thought to be derived.
Fairey III
The Fairey Aviation Company Fairey III was a family of British reconnaissance biplanes that enjoyed a very long production and service history in both landplane and seaplane variants. First flying on 14 September 1917, examples were still in use during the Second World War.

Rolls-Royce Eagle
The Rolls-Royce Eagle was the first aircraft engine to be developed by Rolls-Royce Limited.  Introduced in 1915 to meet British military requirements during World War I, it was used to power the Handley Page Type O bombers and a number of other military aircraft.

The Eagle was the first engine to make a non-stop trans-Atlantic crossing by aeroplane when two Eagles powered the converted Vickers Vimy bomber on the transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown in June 1919.
Click letter
Various letters have been used to write the click consonants of southern Africa. The precursors of the current IPA letters, ⟨ǀ⟩ ⟨ǁ⟩ ⟨ǃ⟩ ⟨ǂ⟩, were created by Karl Richard Lepsius and used by Wilhelm Bleek and Lucy Lloyd, who added ⟨ʘ⟩.
Also influential were Daniel Jones, who adopted the letters ⟨ʇ⟩ ⟨ʖ⟩ ⟨ʗ⟩ ⟨ʞ⟩ that were promoted by the IPA from 1921 to 1989, and were used by Clement Doke and Douglas Beach.

Individual languages have had various orthographies, usually based on either the Lepsius alphabet or on the Latin alphabet. They may change over time or between countries. Latin letters, such as ⟨c⟩ ⟨x⟩ ⟨q⟩ ⟨ç⟩, have case forms; the pipe letters ⟨ǀ⟩ ⟨ǁ⟩ ⟨ǃ⟩ ⟨ǂ⟩ do not.

Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Latin: Carolus Richardius Lepsius; 23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a German Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.

He is widely known for his opus magnum Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia), one of the first scientific studies of the pyramids in Giza, Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur. His contributions to Egyptology as director of the German Archaeological Instititute and editor of the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde have had a lasting impact on the field.
Publius Lucretius Tricipitinus (consular tribune 419 BC)
Publius Lucretius Tricipitinus was a consular tribune of the Roman Republic in 419 and 417 BC.

Lucretius belonged to the Lucretia gens, one of the oldest patrician families. The family had, according to legend, taken part in the overthrow of the Roman monarchy and the establishment of the Republic. Lucretius was the son of a Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus, the consul of 429 BC, and possibly himself the father of Lucius Lucretius Flavus Tricipitinus, the consul of 393 BC.

Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus
Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 429 BC.

Lucretius belonged to the ancient patrician Lucretia gens whose ancestors had been among the first consuls of the Republic. Lucretius was (presumably) the son of Lucius Lucretius Tricipitinus, consul in 462 BC, and the father of Publius Lucretius Tricipitinus, consular tribune in 419 BC.

Diodorus Siculus has his praenomen as Opiter, while both Livy and Cassiodorus has him named Hostus.
George McCrae (politician)
Colonel Sir George McCrae DSO DL VD (28 August 1860 – 27 December 1928) was a Scottish textile merchant and Liberal Party politician. In Scotland he is best remembered for the creation of McCrae's Battalion, also known as the Second Edinburgh Pals Battalion and (officially) the 16th Battalion Royal Scots.

Edinburgh East
Edinburgh East was a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

It existed from 1885 to 1997 and from 2005 to 2024.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was expanded to include most of the town of Musselburgh. As a consequence, it reverted to the name of Edinburgh East and Musselburgh used from 1997 to 2005.