hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bond vigilante
A bond vigilante is a bond market investor who protests against monetary or fiscal policies considered inflationary by selling bonds, thus increasing yields. The term was coined by Ed Yardeni in the 1980s.

In the bond market, prices move inversely to yields. When investors perceive that inflation risk or credit risk is rising they demand higher yields to compensate for the added risk.  As a result, bond prices fall and yields rise, which increases the net cost of borrowing. The term refers to the (alleged) ability of the bond market to serve as a restraint on the government's ability to over-spend and over-borrow.

It has been argued that bond vigilantism is more of an uncoordinated reaction to an economic policy rather than an intentional strategy followed by protesting bond holders.

Yield (finance)
In finance, the yield on a security is a measure of the ex-ante return to a holder of the security. It is one component of return on an investment, the other component being the change in the market price of the security. It is a measure applied to fixed income securities, common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible stocks and bonds, annuities and real estate investments.

There are various types of yield, and the method of calculation depends on the particular type of yield and the type of security.
Uchchala
Uchchala (1070 – 8 December 1111), also known as Uchchala Deva, was the King of Kashmir from 1101 to 1111. He belonged to the Utpala dynasty, a Hindu Kingdom of Kashmiri rulers and was the founder of the Second Lohara dynasty. He was the close relative of Harsha and the brother of Sussala.

Utpala dynasty
The Utpala Dynasty was a medieval Kashmiri Hindu dynasty that ruled over Kashmir from the 9th to 10th centuries. Founded by Avantivarman in 855, it replaced the Karkota dynasty. It came into existence in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent. The cities of Avantipur (Awantipora) and Suyapur (Sopore) were founded during the reign, and many Hindu temples dedicated to both Vishnu and Shiva, and Buddhist monasteries were built, notable of which is the Avantiswara and Avantiswami temples.
Christopher Tambling
Christopher Tambling (13 May 1964 – 3 October 2015) was a British composer, organist and choirmaster. From 1997 to 2015 he was Director of Music at Downside School and organist and Choirmaster of the Schola Cantorum at Downside Abbey, leading the choir to international success.

Downside Abbey
Downside Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in England and is the senior community of the English Benedictine Congregation. Until 2019, the community had close links with Downside School, for the education of children aged 11 to 18. Both the abbey and the school are at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, between Westfield and Shepton Mallet in Somerset, South West England. In 2020, the community of Downside Abbey consisted of 15 monks. The community left the abbey in 2022, moving first to Devon and then in 2025 to Belmont Abbey, Herefordshire.

The Abbey Church of St Gregory the Great, begun in 1873 and unfinished, is a Grade I listed building; Sir Nikolaus Pevsner described its Gothic Revival style as "a splendid demonstration of the renaissance of Roman Catholicism in England". As of 2025, the monastic buildings on the Downside site are largely vacant.
Amman (TV series)
Amman is a 2020 Indian-Tamil language supernatural drama television series, starring Pavithra Gowda, Amaljith, Nivisha, Nikitha murali and Surjith Ansary. The show is produced by Meraki Films Works and directed by Ravi Priyan and Parameswaran. This show has Three Seasons. It premiered on 27 January 2020 and airs on Colors Tamil and digitally streams on Voot. The serial completed 1000 episodes on 1 January 2022. The series was ended with 1150 episodes on 1 July 2022.

Rachitha Mahalakshmi
Rachitha Mahalakshmi is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Tamil along with some Telugu and Kannada television and films. She is best known for her role as Jyoti in Pirivom Sandhippom, but gained critical acclaim as Meenatchi in the popular Tamil series Saravanan Meenatchi. She was also a contestant on the reality show Bigg Boss Tamil – Season 6 and was later evicted from the show on day 91.
Jitamitra Malla
Jitamitra Malla (Newar: 𑐖𑐶𑐟𑐵𑐩𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐬 𑐩𑐮𑑂𑐮‎)  was a Malla Dynasty King of Bhaktapur, Nepal from 1673 till his abdication in 1696. He was also known by his nom de plume, Sumati, meaning "the wise one".

He left his throne in 1696 to his eldest son Bhupatindra Malla to spend the rest of his life in religious activities, and died on 14 November 1708.

Newar script
The Newar script, known in the Newar language as Nepal lipi, Nepalakshar and Prachalit, is an abugida, one of the Nepalese scripts that descend from the Brahmi script. It is used to write Nepal Bhasa, Maithili and Sanskrit. Various publications are still published in this script including the Sikkim Herald the bulletin of the Sikkim government (Newari edition).
Kazirber Union
Kazirber Union (Bengali: কাজীরবেড় ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Maheshpur Upazila, in Jhenaidah District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 91.87 square kilometres (35.47 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 25,136. There are 28 villages and 12 mouzas in the union.

Jhenaidah District
Jhenaidah District (Bengali: ঝিনাইদহ জেলা) is a district in southwestern Bangladesh. Part of the Khulna Division, the district has an area of 1,964.77 km2 (758.60 sq mi). It is bordered by Kushtia District to the north, Jessore District and West Bengal to the south, Rajbari District and Magura District to the east, and Chuadanga District and West Bengal to the west. The largest city and headquarters of this district is Jhenaidah. At the beginning of the British rule, Jhenaidah was a police outpost and was turned into a thana in 1793. The Jhenaidah sub-division was established in 1862. It became a district in 1984.
Haswell Plough
Haswell Plough is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated between Durham and Peterlee, south of Haswell. Haswell Plough was first mentioned in the 12th century as being one of three parts of the village of Haswell. It is also the village where MEP of thirty years Stephen Hughes was brought up.

Peterlee
Peterlee is a town in County Durham, England, south of Sunderland, north of Hartlepool, west of the Durham Coast and east of Durham. It gained town status in 1948 under the New Towns Act 1946, which also created the nearby settlements of Newton Aycliffe and Washington, Tyne and Wear.
University Clinical Hospital Mostar
University Clinical Hospital Mostar (Croatian: Sveučilišna klinička bolnica Mostar) is the largest hospital in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.  It is situated in the Bijeli Brijeg neighbourhood of the city, although Clinic for infectious diseases, Clinic for skin and sexually transmitted diseases and Psychiatry clinic are located in the town center in the former Surgery department building.  The hospital was originally built as a regional medical centre in 1977.  However, the building incurred damage during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and upon its repairs, it was upgraded into a hospital in 1997.

Since 1997 the hospital has cooperated with the University of Mostar's Medical Faculty in training medical professionals.

Mostar
Mostar (pronounced [mǒstaːr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the historical capital of Herzegovina.

Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country. Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (mostari) who guarded the Stari Most (Old Bridge) over the Neretva during the Ottoman era. The Old Bridge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans.
Jean-Marc Aué
Jean-Marc Aué (born 10 May 1973) is a French former professional rugby union player.

Born in Carmaux, Aué is the son of France "B" international Jean-Pierre Aué and grandson of Louis Aué, who played in US Carmaux's 1950–51 French Championship winning side.

Aué, a three-quarter, played his early rugby for SU Agen and as a 19-year old winger scored a hat-trick in their 1992–93 French Championship quarter-final win over CA Brive. After moving on to Castres Olympique in 1994, he earned a France call up in 1998 for the Five Nations, gaining a cap in the 51–0 win over Wales at Wembley Stadium, which secured the grand slam. He also represented France in rugby sevens.

SU Agen Lot-et-Garonne
Sporting Union Agen Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [spɔʁtɪŋ ynjɔ̃ aʒɛ̃ lɔt e ɡaʁɔn]), commonly referred to as SU Agen, Agen (French pronunciation: [aʒɛ̃]) or SUALG, is a French professional rugby union club based in Agen, Lot-et-Garonne that competes in the Pro D2, France's second division of rugby.

Founded in 1908, Agen is one of the historic clubs in French rugby, having won the French Championship eight times. Its home ground is the Stade Armandie and traditional club colours are navy blue and white.

The club is renowned for its youth system and its academy structure.
2024–25 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The 2024–25 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup, organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS), was a World Cup in freestyle skiing for men and women.

The season started on 9 September 2024 in Cardrona, New Zealand and concluded on 30 March 2025 in Idre Fjäll, Sweden.

This season included six disciplines: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air.

Big air
Big air is a high-injury-risk sports discipline where the competitor rides a vehicle, such as a motocross motorcycle, a skateboard, a snowboard, or a pair of skis, down a hill or ramp and performs aerial tricks after launching off very large jumps. In most versions, there is one large jump and therefore only one opportunity to perform a trick. It is an extreme version of slopestyle. Competitors perform complex tricks in the air, aiming to attain sizable height and distance as well, all while making every effort to secure a clean landing. Many competitions also require the rider to do a specific trick to win the major prize.
The term was coined by French-Canadians because of their love for the extreme nature of the event.
Conrad the Cat
Conrad the Cat is a fictional animated Warner Bros. character who was created by Chuck Jones, and starred in three shorts in the 1940s.

He was voiced by Mel Blanc in the first two shorts, and Pinto Colvig in Conrad the Sailor. Conrad having been voiced by Colvig, has been compared to Goofy, but has been criticized as having "only mannerisms (he rubs his nose a lot and grins, and giggles foolishly), and not a personality."

Pinto Colvig
Vance DeBar Colvig Sr. (September 11, 1892 – October 3, 1967), known professionally as Pinto Colvig, was an American actor, cartoonist, and circus and vaudeville performer whose schtick was playing the clarinet off-key while mugging. Colvig was the original performer of the Disney characters Goofy and Pluto, as well as Bozo the Clown and Bluto in Popeye. In 1993, he was posthumously made a Disney Legend for his contributions to Walt Disney Films, including Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Fun and Fancy Free.
Nassier Wahab
Mohd. Nasir bin Abd. Wahab  (18 April 1962 – 5 December 2019), commonly known as Nassier Wahab, was a Malaysian singer and actor. He was nominated as the popular male singer (ABPBH) in 1987 and 2004. On 15 May 2017, he was awarded the Darjah Indera Mahkota Pahang (DIMP) by the Sultan of Pahang, Ahmad Shah of Pahang, who carries the title of Dato'.

Sultan of Pahang
Sultan of Pahang (Malay: Sultan Pahang, Jawi: سلطان ڤهڠ) is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. Historically, the title was also used by rulers of the Pahang Sultanate.
Andrés Bicocca
Andrés Bicocca (born January 14, 1976) is an Argentine former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. He is a single-time Olympian (2000) and coach of Club Deportivo Hispano Americano in Río Gallegos, along head coach Alejandro Amuchástegui.

Bicocca competed only in the men's 200 m breaststroke at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He achieved a FINA B-standard entry time of 2:22.06 from the Latin Cup in Serravalle, San Marino. He posted a lifetime best of 2:20.98 to maintain a lead from start to finish in heat one, against two other swimmers Nguyen Ngoc Anh of Vietnam and Leonard Ngoma of Zambia. Bicocca failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed thirty-seventh overall in the prelims.

Serravalle, San Marino
Serravalle (Romagnol: Saravâl) is one of the nine castelli of San Marino. It has a population of 11,226 inhabitants (of whom 2,000 are of foreign origin) and an area of 10.53 km2 (4 sq. mi.). It is both the most populated and densely populated municipality in San Marino, and contains its largest settlement (Dogana). Serravalle is located on the edge of the Apennine Mountains.
George T. Carty
George Thomas Carty (died 1928) was an Irish-born lawyer and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. George's in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1904 to 1909 as a Liberal.

He was born in County Sligo and grew up there. Carty came to Newfoundland with his family in 1873. He worked as a solicitor in his brother Michael's law firm. He was named captain in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment at the start of World War I and saw action with the British Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. He was injured, was sent to a British hospital and returned to Newfoundland in 1916. He was called to the Newfoundland bar later that year. He served as Officer Commanding Depot and District Officer Commanding at St. John's before retiring from service at the rank of Colonel in 1919. Carty was named stipendiary magistrate for St. George's district in 1921, serving until his death in 1928.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Damak Ring Road
Damak Ring Road (NH78) is a Ring Road  categorised as a National Highway under construction in Koshi Province of Nepal. The total length of the highway is 100 kilometres (62 mi).

Located in Damak Municipality of Jhapa District, the Damak ringroad project was initiated around two decades ago.

The ringroad is divided into 6 sections:

Damak Municipality
Damak (Nepali: दमक) is one of the oldest municipalities in Jhapa District of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. It is situated between the Ratuwa River in the east and the Maawa River in the west. It has Sivalik Hills in its north and ends with the intersection of Ratuwa River and Maawa River in the south. Mahendra Highway, the longest highway of Nepal, bisects the municipality. It is the city in Jhapa District with a population of 107,410 in 2021.
Tiziano Tagliani
Tiziano Tagliani (born 10 March 1959 in Ferrara) is an Italian politician.

He is a member of the Democratic Party and he was elected Mayor of Ferrara on 23 June 2009. Tagliani was re-elected for a second term on 28 May 2014.

He served as President of the Province of Ferrara from 2014 to 2018.

Tagliani is married to Paola Cristofori, daughter of former minister Nino Cristofori.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Alejandro Rangel Segovia
Alejandro Rangel Segovia (born 29 August 1962) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
In the 2012 general election, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Guanajuato's 9th district during the 62nd session of Congress.

9th federal electoral district of Guanajuato
The 9th federal electoral district of Guanajuato (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 09 de Guanajuato) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 15 such districts in the state of Guanajuato.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Diego Ángel Rodríguez Barroso of the National Action Party (PAN).
Caddy (hardware)
In computer hardware, a caddy is a container used to protect an optical media disc from damage when handling. Its functionality is similar to that of the 3.5" floppy disk's jacket.

Its use dates back to at least the Capacitance Electronic Disc in 1981, and they were also used in initial versions of the Blu-ray Disc. As a cost-saving measure, newer versions use hard-coating technology to prevent scratches and do not need a caddy.

Caddies may be an integral part of the medium, as in some DVD-RAM discs, or separately attached.

Optical disc
An optical disc is a flat, usually disc-shaped object that stores information in the form of physical variations on its surface that can be read with the aid of a beam of light. Optical discs can be reflective, where the light source and detector are on the same side of the disc, or transmissive, where light shines through the disc to be detected on the other side. They may contain analog or digital information, or a mixture of the two. Their main uses are the distribution of media and data, and long-term archival storage.
Ong Kim Seng
Ong Kim Seng (Chinese: 王金成; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ông Kim-sêng; pinyin: Wáng Jīnchéng) is a self-taught Singaporean watercolor artist. Since 1985, he has participated in group and solo exhibitions at Singapore and in the United States, China, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Belgium, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Middle East, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the ASEAN countries.

Ong is the first and only Singaporean to have won six awards by the prestigious 138-year-old American Watercolor Society (AWS), of which he was conferred membership in 1992. He is also the only Asian artist outside the US to be admitted into AWS.

National Arts Council, Singapore
The National Arts Council (NAC) is a statutory board established on 15 October 1991 to oversee the development of arts in Singapore. It is under the purview of the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth. The NAC provides grants, scholarships, awards and platforms for arts practitioners, as well as arts education and programmes for the general public.
Veliky Oktyabr
Veliky Oktyabr (Russian: Великий Октябрь) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kuybyshevskoye Rural Settlement, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 550 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

Sredneakhtubinsky District
Sredneakhtubinsky District (Russian: Среднеахту́бинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Sredneakhtubinsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,039 square kilometers (787 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Srednyaya Akhtuba. Population: 58,962 (2010 Census); 55,341 (2002 Census); 48,555 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Srednyaya Akhtuba accounts for 24.5% of the district's total population.
Sir (2024 film)
Sir is an Indian Tamil-language action drama film written and directed by Bose Venkat. The film stars Vimal and Chaya Devi in the lead roles. The film is produced by S Siraj and Nilofer Siraj under SSS Pictures banner and presented by Vetrimaaran under his Grass Root Film Company banner. Siraj S, Saravanan, Rama and V. I. S. Jayapalan appear in supporting roles.  The film has music composed by Siddhu Kumar, cinematography handled by Iniyan J Harish and editing by Sreejith Sarang.

Sir was released on 18 October 2024.

Central Board of Film Certification
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952." The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited.
Bevin Glacier
Bevin Glacier (66°17′S 63°47′W﻿ / ﻿66.283°S 63.783°W﻿ / -66.283; -63.783) is a glacier 5 nautical miles (9 km) long, which flows east from the plateau escarpment on the east side of Graham Land into the northwest end of Cabinet Inlet between Attlee Glacier and Anderson Glacier. During December 1947 it was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition. It was named by the FIDS for Rt. Hon. Ernest Bevin, M.P., British Minister of Labour and National Service and member of the War Cabinet.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Uma Manqha
Uma Manqha (Aymara, also spelled Uma Mankha, Huama Mankha) is a 4,428-metre-high (14,528 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, in the north of the Sorata Municipality.

Sorata Municipality
Sorata Municipality (Aymara: Surat'a) is the first municipal section of the Larecaja Province in the La Paz Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Sorata. The Illampu - Janq'u Uma massif is located within the municipality, site of the 17th highest lake in the world, Laguna Glaciar.