hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerardo Guerrieri
Gerardo Guerrieri (4 February 1920 in Matera – 24 April 1986 in Rome) was an Italian film director, playwright, screenwriter, translator, theater critic, and essayist. He is particularly remembered for translating numerous plays into the Italian language,  including works by Anton Chekhov, Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, August Strindberg, Eugene O'Neill, William Saroyan and William Shakespeare among others. His own works were avant-garde in design. He was notably the librettist for Renzo Rossellini's 1961 opera Uno sguardo dal ponte.

Eugene O'Neill
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into the U.S. the drama techniques of realism, earlier associated with Chekhov, Ibsen, and Strindberg. The tragedy Long Day's Journey into Night is often included on lists of the finest American plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. He was awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature. O'Neill is also the only playwright to win four Pulitzer Prizes for Drama.

O'Neill's plays were among the first to include speeches in American English vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society. They struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, ultimately sliding into disillusion and despair. Of his very few comedies, only one is well known (Ah, Wilderness!). Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism.
Huntingdon, Abbotsford
Huntingdon is a community within Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. It is located immediately north of the Canada–US border, and is the location of the Sumas–Huntingdon Border Crossing. The main road through the community is Highway 11. The name of the community is also the present name of the border crossing connecting to Sumas, Washington.

It is named for Collis P. Huntington, a Union Pacific Railroad railway executive who helped connect the Canadian Pacific Railway line to US Lines. The CPR wanted direct BC connection to Seattle, south, and onto California so it built a bridge at Mission and rail line across Matsqui Prairie to connect with the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway. The Northern Pacific Railway, Union Pacific Railroad and Milwaukee Roads built lines to Sumas, with an eye of coming to Vancouver, but never crossed the border in the end.  BC Electric Railway and Great Northern did build to Huntingdon and into the eastern Fraser Valley.

Sumas, Washington
Sumas (SOO-mas) is a city in Whatcom County, Washington, United States. It had a population of 1,583 as of the 2020 census. Sumas is located adjacent to the Canada–U.S. border and borders the city of Abbotsford, British Columbia. The Sumas–Huntingdon port of entry at the north end of State Route 9 operates 24 hours a day. Sumas shares Nooksack Valley School District with the cities of Nooksack and Everson. It is the northernmost settlement on Washington State Route 9.
Grand Wintersberg
At  581 m, the Grand Wintersberg (German: Großer Wintersberg) is the highest hill in the North Vosges in Alsace, France.

The Grand Wintersberg lies about four kilometres northwest of Niederbronn-les-Bains. The massif separates the valleys of the Falkensteinerbach and the Schwarzbach. At its summit, which is made of Bunter Sandstone, stands a 25-metre-high observation tower, which offer hikers an outstanding panoramic view over the North Vosges, the Palatine Forest and the Upper Rhine Plain across to the Black Forest.

At the 514-metre-high saddle between Grand and Petit Wintersberg (Col de la Liese) is a hut, the Chalet du Wintersberg, managed by the Vosges Club, as well as the Liese, a Gallo-Roman, sphinx-like sandstone relief. Celtic relicts may also be found on the hill of Ziegenberg to the southeast.

Observation tower
An observation tower is a tower used to view events from a long distance and to create a full 360 degree range of vision to conduct long distance observations. Observation towers are usually at least 20 metres (66 ft) tall and are made from stone, iron, and wood. Many modern towers are also used as TV towers, restaurants, or churches. The towers first appeared in the ancient world, as long ago as the Babylonian Empire.

Observation towers that are used as guard posts or observation posts over an extended period to overlook an area are commonly called watchtowers instead.

Similar instances of observation towers are recognised as crow's nests, observatories, viewing platforms, etc.
Windward Viaducts
The Windward Viaducts are a pair of highway viaducts that pass along the edge of the Ko‘olau Range between the Tetsuo Harano Tunnels and the Hospital Rock Tunnels on the island of O‘ahu in the State of Hawaii.  The viaducts are located on Interstate H-3, which connects Kaneohe with the Interstate H-1 and Interstate H-201 freeways at Hālawa near Pearl Harbor. These structures are among the longest bridges in Hawaii and are considered an engineering marvel.

Koʻolau Range
Koʻolau Range (koʻolau means "windward" in Hawaiian) is the dormant fragmented remnant of the eastern or windward shield volcano of the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1972.
Liocrobyla paraschista
Liocrobyla paraschista is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Fiji, India (Bihar and Karnataka) and Japan (Hokkaidō, Honshū and Kyūshū) and Korea.

The wingspan is 6–7 mm.

The larvae feed on Butea monosperma, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium caudatum, Desmodium gangeticum, Desmodium oldhamii, Desmodium podocarpum, Flemingia lineata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Millettia species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Millettia
Millettia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It consists of about 169 species of shrubs, lianas or trees, which are native to tropical and subtropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, southern China, Malesia, and New Guinea. Typical habitats include tropical rain forest and seasonally-dry lowland and upland forest and forest margins, woodland, thicket, wooded grassland, and secondary vegetation.
2019–2021 Libyan local elections
Local elections were held in 20 municipalities in Libya in March and April 2019. The Libyan Central Commission of Municipal Council Elections aimed for a total of elections in 68 municipalities in 2019. With difficulties in organising elections related to the 2019–20 Western Libya campaign, the elections were not completed in 2019; they continued in 2020, with elections to at least 30 additional councils planned for 2021.

Zawiya, Libya
Zawiya /zɑːˈwiːə/, officially Zawia (Arabic: الزاوية, transliteration: Az Zāwiyaẗ, Italian: Zauia or Zavia, variants: Arabic: الزاوية الغربية Az Zawiyah Al Gharbiyah, Ḩārat az Zāwiyah, Al Ḩārah, El-Hára and Haraf Az Zāwīyah), is a city in northwestern Libya, situated on the Libyan coastline of the Mediterranean Sea about 47 km (29 mi) west of Tripoli, in the historic region of Tripolitania. Zawiya is the capital of the Zawiya District.
Thread of Lies
Thread of Lies (Korean: 우아한 거짓말; RR: Uahan geojinmal; lit. 'Elegant Lies') is a 2014 South Korean drama film based on the 2009 bestselling novel Elegant Lies by Kim Ryeo-ryeong. Directed by Lee Han, it starred Kim Hee-ae (in her first film in 21 years), Go Ah-sung, Kim You-jung and Kim Hyang-gi.

Thread of Lies deals with the aftermath of a suicide by a 14-year-old girl. The nonlinear narrative follows her mother and older sister who set out to solve the mystery of her death, insinuating themselves into the life of the girl who bullied her.

Nonlinear narrative
Nonlinear narrative, disjointed narrative, or disrupted narrative is a narrative technique where events are portrayed, for example, out of chronological order or in other ways where the narrative does not follow the direct causality pattern of the events featured, such as parallel distinctive plot lines, dream immersions or narrating another story inside the main plot-line. The technique is common in electronic literature, and particularly in hypertext fiction, and is also well-established in print and other sequential media.
Orange-cheeked parrot
The orange-cheeked parrot (Pyrilia barrabandi), also known as Barraband's parrot, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It was formerly placed in the genus Pionopsitta, which is now monotypic.

It is found in the Amazonian Andes, in humid lowland forests in the northwestern, southwestern, and south-central Amazon Basin in South America.

They are threatened with loss of habitat due to the increasing deforestation of the Amazon.

Psittacidae
The family Psittacidae or holotropical parrots is one of three families of true parrots. It comprises the 12 species of subfamily Psittacinae (the Afrotropical parrots) and 167 of subfamily Arinae (the New World or Neotropical parrots) including several species that have gone extinct in recent centuries. Some of the most iconic birds in the world are represented here, such as the blue-and-yellow macaw among the New World parrots and the grey parrot among the Afrotropical parrots.
Gramola (kneader)
A Gramola is a kneading tool or machine used when making bread or pasta.

A mechanical gramola machine was commonly used starting in the late 1800s during the Second Industrial Revolution in food factories using batch production. After semolina or flour was mixed with water, the gramola was used to knead the dough. Food factories phased out the use of gramolas as high capacity processing lines became more prevalent with the advent of continuous production.

Continuous production
Continuous production is a flow production method used to manufacture, produce, or process materials without interruption.  Continuous production is called a continuous process or a continuous flow process because the materials, either dry bulk or fluids that are being processed are continuously in motion, undergoing chemical reactions or subject to mechanical or heat treatment.  Continuous processing is contrasted with discrete production.

Continuous usually means operating 24 hours per day, seven days per week with infrequent maintenance shutdowns, such as semi-annual or annual.  Some chemical plants can operate for more than one to two years without a shutdown.  Blast furnaces can run from four to ten years without stopping.
Collaborator (novel)
Collaborator is an alternate history novel by Murray Davies, published as a hardcover on 19 September 2003 and released in paperback in the United Kingdom and the United States in September 2004. The novel is set in a Nazi-occupied Great Britain in 1940 and 1941. It chronicles life during this period primarily through the experiences of Nick Penny, the collaborator of the novel's title.

Newsagent's shop
A newsagent's shop is a small business that sells newspapers, magazines, cigarettes, snacks and often items of local appeal. Newsagents typically operate in busy public places like city streets, railway stations and airports. Racks for newspapers and magazines can also be found within convenience stores, bookstores and supermarkets. The physical establishment can be either freestanding or part of a larger structure (e.g. a shopping mall or a railway station). In Canada and the United States, newsstands are often open stalls in public locations such as streets, or in a transit terminal or station (subway, rail, or airport).
Heidi Zimmer
Heidi Zimmer is an American deaf mountaineer who has accomplished several notable firsts in mountaineering. She was born deaf, and became the first deaf woman in history to reach the top of Mount McKinley on June 13, 1991. At the top, she unfolded a banner reading "DEAF WOMAN, A PARADE THROUGH THE DECADES". On August 15, 1992, Zimmer became the first deaf person to summit Mount Elbrus. On September 22, 1994, Zimmer became the first deaf woman to summit Kilimanjaro. She has also won a bronze medal in the Deaf Olympics. She graduated from Gallaudet University in 1978.

In 1996, Zimmer was diagnosed with Usher's syndrome.

She hopes to climb all the Seven Summits, the highest mountains of each of the seven continents.

Deaflympics
The Deaflympics, also known as Deaflympiad (previously called World Games for the Deaf, and International Games for the Deaf) are a periodic series of multi-sport events sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at which deaf athletes compete at an elite level. Unlike the athletes in other IOC-sanctioned events (the Olympics, the Paralympics, and the Special Olympics), athletes cannot be guided by sounds (such as starting pistols, bullhorn commands or referee whistles). The games have been organized by the Comité International des Sports des Sourds (CISS, "The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf") since the first event in 1924.
Heiermann
The term Heiermann (German: [ˈhaɪɐman] ⓘ) was used colloquially in some areas of Germany for the 5 Mark piece, nowadays also rarely for the 5 Euro banknote. The word probably originated at the beginning of the 20th century in the North German language area, but according to anecdotal information it spread at least as far as the Rhineland.

Occasionally (in Krefeld) the 50 Pfennig piece is said to have been described as a Heiermännchen ("little Heiermann").

Pfennig
The pfennig (German: [ˈpfɛnɪç] ⓘ; pl. 'pfennigs' or 'pfennige' (listenⓘ); symbol pf or ₰) or penny is a former German coin or note, which was an official currency from the 9th century until the introduction of the euro in 2002. While a valuable coin during the Middle Ages, it lost its value through the years and was the minor coin of the Mark currencies in the German Reich, West Germany and East Germany, and the reunified Germany until the introduction of the euro. Pfennig was also the name of the subunit of the Danzig mark (1922–1923) and the Danzig gulden (1923–1939) in the Free City of Danzig (modern Gdańsk, Poland).
Fool's Gold (comics)
Fool's Gold is an original English-language manga published by Tokyopop. It is written and illustrated by Amy Reeder. The first of a planned three volumes was released on July 11, 2006.

There are currently no plans for the third, and final, volume to be printed.

Tokyopop
Tokyopop (styled TOKYOPOP; formerly known as Mixx Entertainment) is an American distributor, licensor and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed Japanese properties and original English-language manga, as well as original German-language manga. Tokyopop's US publishing division publishes works in English. Tokyopop has its US headquarters near Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California.

It is owned by POP Media Holdings. Tokyopop's parent company's offices are in Tokyo, Japan and its sister company's office is in Hamburg, Germany.
Hot Springs County High School
Hot Springs County High School is a high school located in Thermopolis, Wyoming. The school is part of Hot Springs County School District Number 1 and teaches students grades 9 through 12. The school is accredited by the Wyoming State Board of Education and the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

Wyoming Department of Education
The Wyoming Department of Education (WDE) is the state education agency of Wyoming. It was headquartered on the second floor of the Hathaway Building in Cheyenne. In Spring 2018, WDE moved to the 2nd Floor of the Herschler Building. The agency has offices in Laramie and Riverton.

The Department is under the leadership of the Superintendent of Public Instruction Megan Degenfelder as of January 2023.

The department manages the Wyoming Community College Commission, a network of public community colleges.
USS Young
Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Young, the first for John Young (c. 1740–1781), a captain in the Continental Navy, and the second for Rear Admiral Lucien Young (1852–1912).

The first, USS Young (DD-312) was a Clemson-class destroyer, launched in 1919 and wrecked in the Honda Point Disaster of 1923.

The second, USS Young (DD-580) was a Fletcher-class destroyer, launched in 1942 and stricken in 1968.

Clemson-class destroyer
The Clemson class was a series of 156 destroyers (six more were cancelled and never begun) built at the end of World War I, the majority of which served with the United States Navy from after World War I and through World War II.

The Clemson-class ships were commissioned by the United States Navy from 1919 to 1922, built by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, New York Shipbuilding Corporation, William Cramp & Sons, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Bath Iron Works, some quite rapidly. The Clemson class was a minor redesign of the Wickes class for greater fuel capacity and was the last pre-World War II class of flush-deck destroyers to be built for the United States. Until the Fletcher-class destroyer, the Clemsons were the most numerous class of destroyers commissioned in the United States Navy and were known colloquially as "flush-deckers", "four-stackers" or "four-pipers".
David Bagan
David Bagan (born 26 April 1977) is a Scottish former football player who played as a winger.

Bagan began his career at Troon before signing for Kilmarnock, where he won the Scottish Cup in 1997. He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in 2000 after being released by Kilmarnock, then signed for Queen of the South in 2003 after again being released. He also played St Johnstone, Raith Rovers, Dumbarton and Irvine Meadow. He signed for Hurlford United in January 2009. He also represented the Scotland under-21 national team.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
United States Customs District of Salem and Beverly
The United States Customs District of Salem and Beverly was an administrative area for the collection of import duties on foreign goods that entered the United States by ship at the ports of Salem and Beverly. Established in 1789, it was abolished in 1913. Today the ports of Salem and Beverly are serviced by the Port of Gloucester (located at the Cummings Center in Beverly), which is administered by the Boston Customs District.

Beverly, Massachusetts
Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, and a suburb of Boston. The population was 42,670 at the time of the 2020 United States census. A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, Beverly includes Ryal Side, North Beverly, Centerville, Cove, Montserrat, Beverly Farms and Prides Crossing. Beverly is a rival of Marblehead for the title of "birthplace of the U.S. Navy".
Tam Thắng
Tam Thắng (Vietnamese: Phường Tam Thắng) is a ward of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is one of the 168 new wards, communes and special zones of the city following the reorganization in 2025.

According to Official Letter No. 2896/BNV-CQĐP dated May 27, 2025 of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Tam Thắng after reorganization has an area of 11.76 km², population as of December 31, 2024 is 86,420 people, population density reaches 7,348 people/km² (statistical data as of December 31, 2024 as stipulated in Article 6 of Resolution No. 76/2025/UBTVQH15 dated April 14, 2025 of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly).

Ministry of Home Affairs (Vietnam)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA, Vietnamese: Bộ Nội vụ) is a government ministry in Vietnam responsible for: organisational structure of state administration; local government organisations, management of administrative boundaries; officials, public servants and state employees; NGOs; state archives and state administration of public services.
Anderson Gray McKendrick
Anderson Gray McKendrick DSc FRSE (8 September 1876 – 30 May 1943) was a Scottish military physician and epidemiologist who pioneered the use of mathematical methods in epidemiology. Irwin (see below) commented on the quality of his work, "Although an amateur, he was a brilliant mathematician, with a far greater insight than many professionals."

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) is a medical royal college in Scotland. It is one of three organisations that set the specialty training standards for physicians in the United Kingdom. It was established by royal charter in 1681. The college has more than 14,000 fellows and members worldwide, who are entitled to use the post-nominal MRCP (Edin) or FRCP (Edin).
Schmittentobel Viaduct
The Schmittentobel Viaduct (German: Schmittentobel-Viadukt) is a single track limestone railway viaduct.  It is situated near Schmitten, in the Canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.

The viaduct was opened in 1903 by the Rhaetian Railway, which still owns and uses it today.

An important element of the World Heritage-listed Albula Railway, the viaduct is 35 metres (115 ft) high, 137 metres (449 ft) long, and has seven spans, each 15 metres (49 ft) in length.

Viaduct
A viaduct is a bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via meaning "road", and ducere meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an analogy with ancient Roman aqueducts. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length.
Local oscillator
In electronics, the term local oscillator (LO) refers to an electronic oscillator when used in conjunction with a mixer to change the frequency of a signal. This frequency conversion process, also called heterodyning, produces the sum and difference frequencies from the frequency of the local oscillator and frequency of the input signal to the mixer. Processing a signal at a fixed frequency gives a radio receiver improved performance. In many receivers, the function of local oscillator and mixer is combined in one stage called a "converter" - this reduces the space, cost, and power consumption by combining both functions into one active device.

The term local refers to the fact that the frequency is generated within the circuit and is not reliant on any external signals, although the frequency of the oscillator may be tuned according to external signals.

Pentagrid converter
The pentagrid converter is a type of radio receiving valve (vacuum tube) with five grids used as the frequency mixer stage of a superheterodyne radio receiver.

The pentagrid was part of a line of development of valves that were able to take an incoming RF signal and change its frequency to a fixed intermediate frequency, which was then amplified and detected in the remainder of the receiver circuitry.  The device was generically referred to as a frequency changer or just mixer.