hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mike Bullivant
Dr Mike Bullivant is a British organic photochemist known for his appearances on all six series of BBC's Rough Science, which was nominated for a BAFTA in 2000.  Bullivant studied Chemistry at the University of Wales (Cardiff) and attained a PhD in organic photochemistry at the Universities of Cardiff and Nottingham.

Bullivant also presented the BBC/Open University series The Chemistry of Almost Everything which, in 1996, was the first Open University series to be shown in a prime-time slot, rather than the usual overnight slots traditionally reserved for OU broadcasts.

Bullivant was awarded an honorary Master of the University degree by the Open University in 2007 for his “significant contribution to the education and culture of Milton Keynes”

Bullivant contributed to Happy Birthday OU: 50 years of the Open University, a programme made by the BBC to commemorate the institution’s 50th birthday in 2019.

Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm).

In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. It is also responsible for the appearance of DNA mutations leading to skin cancers.

Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. Photochemical paths access high-energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes.  Photochemistry can also be destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics.
Shaukat Ali Khan
Shaukat Ali Khan (9 February 1926 – 1 July 2006) was an Awami League politician in Pakistan, and later in Bangladesh. He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) from Mirzapur in 1970 and as the Jatiya Sangsad member from the Tangail-7 constituency from 1973 to 1975. He was awarded Independence Day Award by the Government of Bangladesh in 2019 posthumously.

Khan passed his matriculation from Rangoon University. He passed his I.Sc. from St. Xavier's College, Kolkata and bachelor's degree from Scottish Church College, Kolkata. He later earned his bar-at-law from Lincoln's Inn in London.

Mirzapur, Bangladesh
Mirzapur (Bengali: মির্জাপুর) is a town of Mirzapur Upazila, Tangail District, Bangladesh. The town is situated 41 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Tangail city and 54 kilometres (34 mi) northwest of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.
Pakistan International Airlines Flight 259
Pakistan International Airlines Flight 259 was a scheduled passenger flight from Islamabad International Airport in Pakistan to Muscat International Airport in Oman, with a stopover at Sialkot International Airport in Pakistan. On February 11, 2013, a Boeing 737-33A operated by Pakistan International Airlines had a left main gear collapse while landing at Runway 26L, causing the engine to scrap out and come to rest on the left side of the runway with No. 1 engine contacting the runway surface. The damage was severe enough that the aircraft was declared a total loss (written off).

Sialkot International Airport
Sialkot International Airport (IATA: SKT, ICAO: OPST) is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) west of Sialkot in the Sialkot District of Pakistan. It is the first and only privately owned airport in Pakistan. It was built by the business community of Sialkot. Before the completion of the new green field Islamabad International Airport, it also had the longest runway in Pakistan.

Approximately 1,000,000 travellers from Sialkot and adjacent areas are expected to benefit from this international airport each year.
Valve trombone
The valve trombone is a brass instrument in the trombone family that has a set of valves to vary the pitch instead of (or in addition to) a slide. Although it has been built in sizes from alto to contrabass, it is the tenor valve trombone pitched in B♭ an octave lower than the trumpet which has seen the most widespread use. The most common models have three piston valves. They are found in jazz and popular music, as well as marching bands in Europe, where they are often built with rotary valves and were widely used in orchestras in the 19th century.

Brass band
A brass band is a musical ensemble generally consisting primarily of brass instruments, most often with a percussion section. Ensembles that include brass and woodwind instruments can in certain traditions also be termed brass bands (particularly in the context of New Orleans and Japan–style brass bands), but may be more correctly termed military bands, concert bands, or "brass and reed" bands.
2010 Alessandria Challenger
The 2010 Alessandria Challenger (known as 2010 Trofeo Cassa di Risparmio Alessandria due to sponsorship) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Alessandria, Italy between May 24–30, 2010.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Roald G. Bergsaker
Roald Georg Bergsaker (born 5 July 1942) is a Norwegian sports official and politician for the Conservative Party.

Bergsaker was mayor of Sandnes from 1986 to 1990. He was then a member of Rogaland county council from 1991 to 2007, serving as county mayor from 1999 to 2007.

Bergsaker has been a board member of the Norwegian Confederation of Sports for seven years and of the Norwegian Olympic Committee for four years. In 2007 he tried to become president of the Confederation of Sports, but Tove Paule won the vote at the national convention.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Goal
A goal or objective is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan, and commit to achieve. People endeavour to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines.

A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the anticipated result which guides reaction, or an end, which is an object, either a physical object or an abstract object, that has intrinsic value.

Idea
In philosophy and in common usage, an idea (from the Greek word: ἰδέα (idea), meaning 'a form, or a pattern') is the result of thought. Also in philosophy, ideas can also be mental representational images of some object. Many philosophers have considered ideas to be a fundamental ontological category of being. The capacity to create  and understand the meaning of ideas is considered to be an essential and defining feature of human beings.

An idea arises in a reflexive, spontaneous manner, even without thinking or serious reflection, for example, when we talk about the idea of a person or a place. A new or an original idea can often lead to innovation. Our actions are based upon beliefs, beliefs are patterns or organized sets of ideas.
Statue of the Duke of Devonshire, Whitehall
The statue of the Duke of Devonshire is a Grade II-listed outdoor bronze sculpture of Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, the leader of three British political parties between 1875 and 1903, and is located at the entrance to Horse Guards Avenue, Whitehall, London, England. A work of the sculptor Herbert Hampton, it was unveiled in 1911.

The statue is around 4 metres high and rests on a plinth around 5 metres high. The inscription on the plinth gives the Duke's name, title, honours (KG for Knight of the Garter; he is depicted wearing his Garter robes) and year of birth and death.

A committee headed by the Marquess of Lansdowne secured permission for the statue's location and the sculptor's design was approved by Edward VII in 1909 and completed the following year. The Marquess of Lansdowne unveiled the statue on 11 February 1911.

Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne
Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (14 January 1845 – 3 June 1927), was a British statesman who served successively as Governor General of Canada, Viceroy of India, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

In 1917, during the First World War, he wrote the "Lansdowne letter", advocating in vain a compromise peace. A millionaire, he had the distinction of having held senior positions in Liberal and Conservative Party governments.
Cruchaga
Cruchaga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Hurtado Cruchaga or Alberto Hurtado (1901–1952), Chilean Jesuit priest, lawyer, social worker and writer of Basque origin

Angel Cruchaga Santa María (1893–1964), Chilean writer

Carlos González Cruchaga (1921–2008), Chilean Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church

César Cruchaga (born 1974), retired Spanish football defender

Juan Guzmán Cruchaga (1895–1979), Chilean poet and diplomat

Carlos Cruchaga (born 1978), human genomicist researcher focusing neurodegenerative diseases

Carlos Cruchaga
Carlos Cruchaga is a human genomicist with expertise in multi-omics, informatics, and neurodegeneration, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. He is a Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology and Genetics and Washington University School of Medicine.
He is founding director of the Neurogenomics and Informatic (NGI) center at Washington University School of Medicine.

His lab uses deep molecular profiling of human samples relevant to brain and neurodegenerative diseases. He is best known for using endophenotypes and biomarkers as quantitative traits for genetics studies, which led to the identification of novel variants associated with Alzheimer's Disease risk, onset and progression.
Catanduva FC
Catanduva Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as Catanduva, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Catanduva, São Paulo. Founded in 2017, the team compete in Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão, the fourth tier of the São Paulo state football league.

Catanduva
Catanduva is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 122,497 (2020 est.) in an area of 290.59 km2. Is the second largest city in the Northern part of the state, after São José do Rio Preto. The city has a diversified economy, and the cultivation and processing of sugarcane is relevant.

Catanduva is the center of the microregion of Catanduva with 221,465 inhabitants, in an area of 2,283.6 km2.
Frederick Stratten Russell
Sir Frederick Stratten Russell DSC DFC FRS (3 November 1897 – 5 June 1984) was an English marine biologist.

Russell was born in Bridport, Dorset, and studied at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. From 1924 he worked for the Marine Biological Association in Plymouth, becoming its director in 1945. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1938, was awarded the Linnean Medal in 1961, and knighted in 1965. The National Marine Biological Library at the Marine Biological Association retains much of Russell's scientific and personal papers for the period 1921-1984.

Russell studied the life histories and distribution of plankton. He also discovered a means of distinguishing between different species of fish shortly after they have hatched. He was the author of The Medusae of the British Isles (1953–1970). He served in both World Wars, being awarded, among others, the Distinguished Flying Cross.

He was the father of W. M. S. Russell.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Barbados–Colombia relations
Relations between Barbados and Colombia began on 1 February 1972, six years after the island country's independence. In addition, Barbados was the first country in the Lesser Antilles with which Colombia established relations, after Trinidad and Tobago. Both countries are members of Organization of American States and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States.

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) is a bloc of Latin American and Caribbean states, consisting of 33 countries, and has five official working languages. It is seen as an alternative to the Organization of American States (OAS), and includes all OAS member states (except the United States and Canada) plus includes the nations of Nicaragua and Cuba. Initially proposed on February 23, 2010, at the Rio Group–Caribbean Community Unity Summit, CELAC is seen as the successor of the Rio Group and the Latin American and Caribbean Summit on Integration and Development (CALC). CELAC was created to deepen Latin American integration and to reduce hegemony within the politics and economics of the region. The date of creation was on December 3, 2011, in Caracas, Venezuela, with the signing of the Declaration of Caracas. As of 2013, CELAC possesses a population of roughly 600 million.
North Caucasian and Mountain-Caucasian legions
The North Caucasian Legion (German: Legion Nordkaukasien) and the Mountain-Caucasian Legion (German: Bergkaukasien Legion) legions were created in accordance with the order of 19 February 1942. Initially, its soldiers, recruited from the camps of prisoners of war, deserters, and partly from representatives of emigration were included in the Caucasian-Mohammedan Legion (German: Kaukasisch-Mohammedanische Legion). On 2 August 1942, in accordance with the order of 19 February 1942, all fighters of Muslim North Caucasian and Mountain Caucasian (both Muslims and Christians) origin were separated from the Caucasian-Mohamedan Legion into separate North Caucasian / Mountain-Caucasian legions. These Legions consisted of Abkhazians, Circassians, Kabardians, Balkars, Karachays, Chechens, Ingushes, and the peoples of Dagestan. North Ossetians appeared later. Formally, both of these legions were the Armed Forces of the so-called North Caucasus National Committee.

Abkhazians
The Abkhaz people, sometimes referred to as the Abkhazians, are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to Abkhazia—a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A large Abkhaz diaspora population resides in Turkey, the origins of which lie in the Caucasian War in the late 19th century. Many Abkhaz also live in other parts of the former Soviet Union, particularly in Russia and Ukraine.
Slab City, California
Slab City, also called The Slabs, is an unincorporated, off-the-grid alternative lifestyle community consisting largely of snowbirds in the Salton Trough area of the Sonoran Desert, in Imperial County, California. It took its name from concrete slabs that remained after the World War II Marine Corps Camp Dunlap training camp was torn down. Slab City is known for attracting people who want to live outside mainstream society.

Coachella Canal
The Coachella Canal is a 122-mile (196 km) aqueduct that conveys Colorado River water for irrigation northwest from the All-American Canal to the Coachella Valley north of the Salton Sea in Riverside County, California.

The canal was completed in 1949 and is currently operated by the Coachella Valley Water District.

Construction of the Coachella Canal began in the 1930s by the Six Companies, Inc., but was interrupted by World War II. After the war, work was resumed on the canal and deliveries of water began in the late 1940s.

The canal was mostly earth-lined when it was first constructed, except for the last 38 miles, which were concrete-lined. Today, most of the canal is lined with concrete to prevent water loss from seepage. Grass eating fish are stocked in the canal to prevent water loss to aquatic vegetation.
Sandrine Thiébaud-Kangni
Sandrine Carmen Genevieve Thiébaud-Kangni (born 21 April 1976 in Sucy-en-Brie, France) is a French-Togolese Athlete 1990 tp 2000. 400 metres French Junior Record older since 1995. 53sec73 .4×400 meters 3.32.79
transfere allégeance 2001 to Togolese sprinter and heptathlete. She is a two-time Olympian and a multiple-time national record holder for the 400m and heptathlon. She is also the daughter of middle-distance runner Roger Kangni, who competed in the 800 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, took place on 2 September 1972. Sixty-one athletes from 46 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at three since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.03 seconds by Dave Wottle of the United States, the first title in the event for an American since 1956 and the eighth overall win in the men's 800 metres for the United States. Yevhen Arzhanov won the Soviet Union's first medal in the event with silver, while Mike Boit kept Kenya on the podium for the third straight Games with bronze.

Until the 2024 Olympic final, Wottle's winning margin of 0.03 seconds was the narrowest in the men's 800 meters at the Olympics since the introduction of fully automatic timing.
Valedictorian
Valedictorian is an academic title for the highest-performing student of a graduating class of an academic institution in the United States and Canada.

The valedictorian is generally determined by an academic institution's grade point average (GPA) system but other methods of selection may be factored in such as volunteer work, scholastic awards, research, and extra-curricular activity.

Valediction
A valediction (/vælədɪkʃən/; derivation from Latin vale dicere 'to say farewell'), parting phrase, or complimentary close in American English, is an expression used to say farewell, especially a word or phrase used to end a letter or message, or a speech made at a farewell.

Valediction's counterpart is a greeting called a salutation.
FC Presikhaaf
FC Presikhaaf is a Dutch amateur football club from Presikhaaf, Arnhem, founded in 1995. The club has two teams competing on Saturday and Sunday. In season 2012/13, the Saturday team plays in the Vierde Klasse (Fourth Class), while the Sunday team competes in the Eerste Klasse.

The club is formed in 2006 as a merger between VV Ysseloord and SV Rozendaal. Ysseloord founded in 1995 as a merger between VV Presikhaaf (founded in 1951) and OAB (Oost Arnhemse Boys, founded on 21 January 1928). Rozendaal was founded in 1999 as a merger between Sempre Avanti (1951) and SVD'98 (founded in 1971 as WCA, Woonwagen Centum Arnhem, and later renamed as Sport-Vereniging de Del 1998).

The club consists of 5 men senior teams, 7 junior teams, and 3 student teams. FC Presikhaaf plays with its neighbor Eendracht Arnhem in Sportpark Over het Lange Water, which has 2 fields. Since January 2011, the main field has used artificial grass.

Vierde Klasse
The Vierde Klasse (English: Fourth Class) is the ninth tier of football in the Netherlands and the seventh tier of Dutch amateur football. This is the lowest league in the South I region. The league is divided into 55 divisions, 29 played on Saturday and 26 on Sunday.

Each division consists of 12 to 14 teams. The champions are promoted to the Derde Klasse, the bottom two teams are relegated to the Vijfde Klasse (only in districts where a Vijfde Klasse exists). Each season is divided into a number of periods (Dutch: periodes). The winner of these periods qualify for promotion playoffs, provided they finish in the top nine overall in the season. The teams finishing third from bottom in the final rankings play relegation playoffs.
Palmeri
Palmeri is a surname derived from the name Palmer.  Notable people with the surname include:

Frankie Palmeri, member of the band Emmure

Lori Palmeri (born 1967), American politician

Martín Palmeri (born 1965), Argentine composer

Tara Palmeri (born 1987), American journalist

Tara Palmeri
Tara Palmeri (born September 1, 1987) is an American journalist. She has worked at news organizations including ABC News, Politico, Puck, New York Post and Washington Examiner. Palmeri hosts The Tara Palmeri Show on Youtube and writes The Red Letter newsletter. She has also hosted podcasts such as "Broken: Seeking Justice", "Power: The Maxwells" and "Somebody's Gotta Win".
Colli Aminei
The Colli Aminei are an area of Naples, Italy, that is part of the municipality of Stella-San Carlo at the Arena, specifically of the Stella district. It is bordered to the west and north by the Vallone di San Rocco, to the east by the Capodimonte ascent, to the south by the valleys of the Scudillo and the Fontanelle.

Fontanelle, Veneto
Fontanelle is a comune (municipality) in the province of Treviso, in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Treviso.

Fontanelle borders the following municipalities: Codogné, Gaiarine, Mansuè, Oderzo, Ormelle, San Polo di Piave, Vazzola.
Yakovlev Yak-7
The Yakovlev Yak-7 (Russian: Яковлев Як-7; NATO reporting name: Mark) was developed from the earlier Yak-1 fighter, initially as a trainer but converted into a fighter. As both a fighter and later reverting to its original training role, the Yak-7 proved to be a capable aircraft and was well liked by air crews. The Yak-7 was simpler, tougher and generally better than the Yak-1.

Cowling
A cowling (or cowl) is the removable covering of a vehicle's engine, most often found on automobiles, motorcycles, airplanes, and on outboard boat motors. On airplanes, cowlings are used to reduce drag and to cool the engine. On boats, cowlings are a cover for an outboard motor. In addition to protecting the engine, outboard motor cowlings need to admit air while keeping water out of the air intake.
Saint-Ouen-sur-Gartempe
Saint-Ouen-sur-Gartempe (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿wɛ̃ syʁ ɡaʁtɑ̃p], literally Saint-Ouen on Gartempe; Limousin: Sent Oen) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France.

Haute-Vienne
Haute-Vienne (French: [ot vjɛn]; Occitan: Nauta Vinhana or Nauta Viena), also translated as Upper Vienne, is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwest-central France. Named after the Vienne River, it is one of the twelve départements that together constitute Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The prefecture and largest city in the department is Limoges, the other towns in the department each having fewer than twenty thousand inhabitants. Haute-Vienne had a population of 372,359 in 2019.