hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jordan Alexander Stein
Jordan Alexander Stein is an American literary critic and book historian. He is Professor of English and Comparative Literature and Affiliated Faculty in African and African American Studies at Fordham University.

Stein earned a B.A. at the University of California, Santa Cruz and a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins University.
In 2009-10 he was a National Endowment for the Humanities Postdoctoral Fellow at the Library Company of Philadelphia. He was elected to lifetime membership in the American Antiquarian Society in 2023, where he has twice taught for the Program in the History of the Book in American Culture (on African American Cultures of Print [2012] and Sex, Gender, and Print [2025]).

Stein's research investigates how aspects of social identities (including race, sexuality, gender, and religion) inflect the material practices associated with literary production (including reading, printing, editing, and archiving).

Library Company of Philadelphia
39°56′52″N 75°09′47″W﻿ / ﻿39.94779°N 75.16306°W﻿ / 39.94779; -75.16306

The Library Company of Philadelphia (LCP) is a non-profit organization located on Locust Street in Center City, Philadelphia. Founded as a library in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin, the Library Company of Philadelphia has accumulated one of the most significant collections of historically valuable manuscripts and printed material in the United States. On December 2, 2025, a majority of the Library Company shareholders voted to pursue an affiliation with Temple University. This affiliation was approved by Temple.

The current collection size is approximately 500,000 books and 70,000 other items, including 2,150 items that once belonged to Franklin, major collections of 17th-century and Revolution-era pamphlets and ephemera, maps, and whole libraries assembled in the 18th and 19th centuries. The collection also includes first editions of Moby-Dick and Leaves of Grass.
Pierre Dufour (politician)
Pierre Dufour is a Canadian politician and businessman, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Abitibi-Est as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec.

He previously ran as a Liberal Party of Canada candidate for the district of Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou in the 2015 federal election, but lost to the NDP's Romeo Saganash.

In 2025, he was removed from the CAQ caucus after handing in an ultimatum demanding a ministerial role.

Abitibi-Est
Abitibi-Est is a provincial electoral district in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  The district notably includes eastern portions of the city of Rouyn-Noranda as well as Val-d'Or, Malartic and Senneterre.

The riding was created for the 1944 election from a part of Abitibi.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, Abitibi-Est lost the municipality of Barraute and its share of the unorganized territory of Lac-Despinassy to Abitibi-Ouest.
Dan Green (artist)
Dan Green (November 26, 1951 – August 17, 2023) was an American comic book illustrator, who worked primarily as an inker from the early 1970s. He often provided the finished art after receiving breakdowns by artists such as John Romita Sr., John Romita Jr., John Byrne, John Buscema, Sal Buscema, Marc Silvestri, George Pérez, Keith Giffen, Gene Colan, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko, Carmine Infantino, Al Williamson, Bernie Wrightson, and Keith Pollard.

Sal Buscema
Silvio Buscema (/bjuːˈsɛmə/ bew-SEM-ə; Italian: [ˈsilvjo buʃˈʃɛːma]; January 26, 1936 – January 24, 2026) was an American comics artist, primarily for Marvel Comics, where he had a ten-year run as artist of The Incredible Hulk and an eight-year run as artist of The Spectacular Spider-Man. He was the younger brother of comics artist John Buscema.
H. Fred Clark
H. Fred Clark (1937 – April 28, 2012) was an American veterinarian, medical scientist, and social activist. He served as a research professor of pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine and at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, as well as holding the position of adjunct professor at the Wistar Institute. He is recognized for his work with Paul Offit and Stanley Plotkin developing the rotavirus vaccine RotaTeq. For this work, Clark, Offit, and Plotkin received the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Gold Medal in 2006. He received a degree in veterinary medicine from Cornell University and a Ph.D. in microbiology and immunology from the University at Buffalo.

Perelman School of Medicine
The Perelman School of Medicine, previously the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (Penn Med), is the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy league research university in Philadelphia. Founded in 1765, it is the oldest medical school in the United States.

As of 2024, the school has about 2,900 faculty members and nearly $1 billion in annual sponsored program awards.
Luke Campbell (rugby union, born 1992)
Luke Francis Campbell (born 2 October 1992) is a Canadian rugby union player who generally plays as a number eight represents Canada internationally and also currently plays for Old Glory DC of Major League Rugby (MLR).

He previously played for Canadian club Toronto Arrows in the MLR.

He was included in the Canadian squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup which is held in Japan for the first time and also marks his first World Cup appearance.

Toronto Arrows
Toronto Arrows R.F.C. was a rugby union club based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that played in Major League Rugby. The Arrows team was an independent off-shoot of the Ontario Blues provincial programme and was funded by a group of private investors and supporters. They are currently on hiatus following the 2023 season.
State Highway 67 (Rajasthan)
State Highway 67 ( RJ SH 67) is a state highway in Rajasthan state of India that connects Sardarsamand in Pali district of Rajasthan with Desuri in the same district of Rajasthan. The total length of RJ SH 67 is 87 km.

This highway connects RJ SH 61 in Sardarsamand to RJ SH 62 in Desuri. It also crosses National Highway 14 and National Highway 65 in Pali

Other cities and towns on this highway are: Pali, Ramsiya, Somesar, Nadol, Narlai.

National Highway 162 (India)
National Highway 162 (NH 162) is a National Highway in India. It is a spur road of National Highway 62. NH-162 traverses the state of Rajasthan in India. NH162 route was extended from Pali to Bhatewar.
Tinkinswood
Tinkinswood or its full name Tinkinswood Burial Chamber (Welsh: Siambr Gladdu Tinkinswood), also known as Castell Carreg, Llech-y-Filiast and Maes-y-Filiast, is a megalithic burial chamber, built around 4000 BC, during the Neolithic period, in the Vale of Glamorgan, near Cardiff, Wales.

The structure is a dolmen, which was the most common megalithic structure in Europe. The dolmen is of the Severn-Cotswold tomb type, and consists of a large capstone on top, with smaller upright stones supporting it. The limestone capstone at Tinkinswood weighs approximately 40 long tons and measures 24 feet (7.3 m) x 14 ft (4.3 m); it is thought to be the largest in Britain, and also in Europe. It would have taken some 200 people to lift the stone into the correct position. It was originally all covered by a mound of soil, which has been removed over time. The remaining mound behind the structure measures approximately 130 ft (40 m) x 59 ft (18 m) in size.

Cotswold-Severn Group
The Cotswold-Severn Group are a series of long barrows erected in an area of western Britain during the Early Neolithic. Around 200 known examples of long barrows are known from the Cotswold-Severn region, although an unknown number of others were likely destroyed prior to being recorded.
Caroline Dive
Caroline Dive CBE (born April 1962) is a British cancer research scientist. Dive is Professor of Cancer Pharmacology at the University of Manchester, Interim Director of the Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Manchester Institute, Director of the CRUK National Biomarker Centre and co-director of the CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence. She is the past president of The European Association for Cancer Research (EACR).

Dive's citation upon election as Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences describes her as internationally renowned for her work on the development of liquid biopsy methods which use biomarkers circulating in the blood, such as circulating tumour cells and cell-free tumour DNA, to diagnose and monitor cancer.

Liquid biopsy
A liquid biopsy, also known as fluid biopsy or fluid phase biopsy, is the sampling and analysis of non-solid biological tissue, primarily blood. Like traditional biopsy, this type of technique is mainly used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for diseases such as cancer, with the added benefit of being largely non-invasive. Liquid biopsies may also be used to validate the efficiency of a cancer treatment drug by taking multiple samples in the span of a few weeks. The technology may also prove beneficial for patients after treatment to monitor relapse.

The clinical implementation of liquid biopsies is not yet widespread but is becoming standard of care in some areas.

Liquid biopsy refers to the molecular analysis in biological fluids of nucleic acids, subcellular structures, especially exosomes, and, in the context of cancer, circulating tumor cells.
Palmeria coriacea
Palmeria coriacea is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae and is endemic to places above 900 m (3,000 ft) between Mount Misery and the Tinaroo Range in Queensland.

The species was first formally described in 1936 by Cyril Tenison White in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland from specimens collected by Leonard John Brass on Thornton Peak at an altitude of 4,000 ft (1,200 m) in 1932. The specific epithet coriacea means "leathery".

Palmeria coriacea is listed as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.

Tinaroo, Queensland
Tinaroo is a rural locality in the Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Tinaroo had a population of 293 people.

The town of Tinaroo Falls is on the eastern edge of the locality (17°10′06″S 145°32′58″E﻿ / ﻿17.1683°S 145.5494°E﻿ / -17.1683; 145.5494﻿ (Tinaroo Falls, Queensland)) beside Lake Tinaroo.
Shakespeare Theatre
Shakespeare Theatre could refer to:

American Shakespeare Center, Staunton Virginia

American Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford, Connecticut

Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon

Shakespeare Theatre Company of Washington, D.C.

Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey

Shakespeare's original Globe Theatre
Its modern reconstruction, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre

Elizabethan theatre in general

Shakespeare Theatre Company
The Shakespeare Theatre Company is a regional theatre company located in Washington, D.C. The theatre company focuses primarily on plays from the Shakespeare canon, but its seasons include works by other classic playwrights such as Euripides, Ibsen, Wilde, Shaw, Schiller, Coward and Tennessee Williams. The company manages and performs in two spaces: The Michael R. Klein Theatre and Sidney Harman Hall. In cooperation with George Washington University, they run the STC Academy.

The company is a League of Resident Theatres member. Its current artistic director (since 2019) is Simon Godwin, who previously was based in London, serving as associate director of London's Royal National Theatre, associate director of the Royal Court Theatre and associate director at Bristol Old Vic.
2006–07 Euroleague
The 2006–07 Euroleague was the 7th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe, organised by Euroleague Basketball Company, and it was the 50th season of the premier competition for European men's clubs overall. The season featured 24 competing teams from 13 countries.

The competition began on October 24, 2006, at the Olympic Pavilion in Badalona, Spain, with Panathinaikos winning 82-79 against DKV Joventut. The final of the competition was held on May 6, 2007, in the Olympic Indoor Hall in Athens, Greece, the home court of Panathinaikos, with Panathinaikos defeating the defending champions, CSKA Moscow, by a score of 93-91.

Euroleague Basketball
Euroleague Basketball, run by Euroleague Commercial Assets (ECA), is a private company that runs and operates men's professional basketball club competitions in Europe, the first-tier EuroLeague, and the second-tier EuroCup. It has been organizing the EuroLeague competition since the 2000–01 season backed by ULEB. Euroleague also oversees the 
European national basketball league rankings since 2008, and the Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament. It is headquartered in Barcelona.
Gazpromavia Flight 9608
On 12 July 2024, a Sukhoi Superjet 100 operated by Gazpromavia as Gazpromavia Flight 9608 crashed during a ferry flight from Tretyakovo Airport to Vnukovo International Airport. All three crew members, who were the only occupants on board, were killed.

Ferry flying
Ferry flying or a positioning flight is the flying of aircraft for the purpose of returning the aircraft to base, delivering it to a customer, moving it from one base of operations to another, or moving it to or from a maintenance facility that includes maintenance, repair, and operations.

A commercial airliner may need to be moved from one airport to another to satisfy the next day's timetable or facilitate routine maintenance. This is commonly known as a positioning flight or repositioning flight, and may carry revenue freight or passengers as local aviation regulations and airline policies allow. Such flights may be necessary following a major weather event or other similar disruption which causes multiple cancellations across an airline's network resulting in many aircraft and crew being out of position for normal operations; the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull or the mass evacuation of US airspace following the 9/11 attacks being significant examples of this.
Tarna Mare
Tarna Mare (Hungarian: Nagytarna; Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈnɒɟtɒrnɒ]) is a commune of 3,563 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bocicău (Bocskó), Tarna Mare, Valea Seacă (Avaspatak), and Văgaș (Nagytarnafürdő).

Tarna Mare is situated in the Țara Oașului ethnocultural and historical region in the extreme north of Satu Mare County. It lies at an altitude of 168 m (551 ft), on the banks of the river Tarna Mare. The commune is located 54 km (34 mi) northeast of the county seat, Satu Mare, on the border with Ukraine.

At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 3,563; of those, 81.17% were Romanians, 4.21% Ukrainians, 3.73% Roma, and 2.33% Hungarians.

Satu Mare
Satu Mare (pronounced [ˈsatu ˈmare] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti [sɒtmaːrneːmɛti]; German: Sathmar; Yiddish: סאטמאר Satmar or סאַטמער Satmer) is a city in Romania with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the region of Maramureș, broadly part of Transylvania. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as castrum Zotmar ("Zotmar's fort"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial, and business centre in the Nord-Vest development region.
Kaleidoscope Entertainment
Kaleidoscope Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. (or KEPL) is an Indian film and television production company. Films produced by them include Bandit Queen, Fire, Electric Moon, Saathiya, Maqbool, American Daylight, and Mangal Pandey: The Rising. Kaleidoscope is regarded as one of the leading production houses in the Indian film and television Industry, and one of the few that have created content that has successfully crossed over to western audiences.

KEPL was launched by independent film producer Bobby Bedi, who remains its owner and Managing Director.

KEPL has worked and is working with some of the finest talent in the Indian Movie industry from Pradeep Krishen Shekhar Kapur, Vishal Bhardwaj, Aamir Khan, Abbas Tyrewala to International Stars such as Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and A. R. Rahman Arundhati Roy Shah Rukh Khan and beyond.

Kaleidoscope Entertainment has also created the Mahabharata 360 Project, encompassing film, Television, Animation, Gaming and mobile products.

Abbas Tyrewala
Abbas Tyrewala (born 15 May 1974) is an Indian screenwriter, lyricist and director. After making his mark as a screenwriter and dialogue writer in the early 2000s, with award-winning films such as Maqbool (2003) and Munnabhai M.B.B.S. (2003). He made his debut as a director in 2008 with the romantic comedy film Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na which became a critical and commercial hit and also featured an acclaimed soundtrack by A. R. Rahman.
Surface subgroup conjecture
In mathematics, the surface subgroup conjecture of Friedhelm Waldhausen states that the fundamental group of every closed, irreducible 3-manifold with infinite fundamental group has a surface subgroup.  By "surface subgroup" we mean the fundamental group of a closed surface not the 2-sphere. This problem is listed as Problem 3.75 in Robion Kirby's problem list.

Assuming the geometrization conjecture, the only open case was that of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds.  A proof of this case was announced in the summer of 2009 by Jeremy Kahn and Vladimir Markovic and outlined in a talk August 4, 2009 at the FRG (Focused Research Group) Conference hosted by the University of Utah. A preprint appeared in the arxiv.org server in October 2009. Their paper was published in the Annals of Mathematics in 2012.  In June 2012, Kahn and Markovic were given the Clay Research Awards by the Clay Mathematics Institute at a ceremony in Oxford.

Prime manifold
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a prime manifold is an n-manifold that cannot be expressed as a non-trivial connected sum of two n-manifolds. Non-trivial means that neither of the two is an n-sphere.
A similar notion is that of an irreducible n-manifold, which is one in which any embedded (n − 1)-sphere bounds an embedded n-ball. Implicit in this definition is the use of a suitable category, such as the category of differentiable manifolds or the category of piecewise-linear manifolds.

A 3-manifold is irreducible if and only if it is prime, except for two cases: the product  and the non-orientable fiber bundle of the 2-sphere over the circle  are both prime but not irreducible. This is somewhat analogous to the notion in algebraic number theory of prime ideals generalizing Irreducible elements.

According to a theorem of Hellmuth Kneser and John Milnor, every compact, orientable 3-manifold is the connected sum of a unique (up to homeomorphism) collection of prime 3-manifolds.
Mongolian Social Democratic Party
The Mongolian Social Democratic Party (MSDP), colloquially referred to as the Socdem Party, is a center-left political party in Mongolia.

It was founded in 1990 by Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar, known by his nickname as Baabar. Other prominent members included current chairman Adiyagiin Ganbaatar, Losolyn Byambajargal and Radnaasümbereliin Gonchigdorj. A considerable number of members came from the mathematics and physics departments of National University of Mongolia. The party was part of the Mongolian Democratic Union that ruled from 1996 to 2000.

The MSDP merged with the Democratic Party in December 2000, thus all of the MSDP except Ganbaatar became members of the Democratic Party.

It reformed in 2004 and was officially registered by the Supreme Court on January 2005. The MSDP ran 19 candidates, but did not win any seats in the 2012 Mongolian parliamentary elections.

Mongolian Democratic Union
The Mongolian Democratic Union (MDU) (Mongolian: Монголын Ардчилсан Холбоо, romanized: Mongolyn Ardchilsan Kholboo) is a Mongolian political movement, nonprofit, and non-governmental organization founded in 1989. It was the first democratic movement to challenge the dominance of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, which ruled the Mongolian People's Republic as the sole legal party from 1921 until 1990.

In February 1990, the MDU established the Mongolian Democratic Party, the first and foremost opposition party from 1990 to 1992, which later on merged into the modern Democratic Party.
Foisy, Alberta
Foisy is an unincorporated community in northern Alberta in the County of St. Paul No. 19, located on Highway 36, 123 kilometres (76 mi) northwest of Lloydminster and is notable for the Foisy General Store.

Aladin Foisy, an early postmaster, gave the community his last name.

Alberta Highway 36
Highway 36, officially named Veterans Memorial Highway, is a north-south highway in eastern Alberta, Canada that extends from Highway 4 near Warner to Highway 55 in Lac La Biche. Highway 36, along with Highway 41 and the portion of Highway 881 north of Lac La Biche, is part of the Eastern Alberta Trade Corridor, an economic development corridor that links the oil sands with Texas and Mexico, and works in association with the North American Ports-to-Plains Alliance.
Charmides (poem)
Charmides was Oscar Wilde's longest and one of his most controversial poems.  It was first published in his 1881 collection Poems.  The story is original to Wilde, though it takes some hints from Lucian of Samosata and other ancient writers; it tells a tale of transgressive sexual passion in a mythological setting in ancient Greece.  Contemporary reviewers almost unanimously condemned it, but modern assessments vary widely.  It has been called "an engaging piece of doggerel", a "comic masterpiece whose shock-value is comparable to that of Manet's Olympia and Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe", and "a Decadent poem par excellence" in which "[t]he illogicality of the plot and its deus-ex-machina resolution render the poem purely decorative".  It is arguably the work in which Wilde first found his own poetic voice.

Deus ex machina
Deus ex machina (/ˈdeɪəs ɛks ˈmækɪnə, ˈmɑːk-/ DAY-əs ex-MA(H)K-in-ə; Latin: [ˈdɛ.ʊs ɛks ˈmaːkʰɪnaː]; plural: dei ex machina; 'God from the machine') is a plot device, a type of denouement  in which a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story is suddenly or abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence. Its function is generally to resolve an otherwise irresolvable plot situation, to surprise the audience, to bring the tale to a happy ending, or act as a comedic device.
Thymbrara
Thymbrara  (Ancient Greek: Θύμβραρα) was a town of ancient Lydia, near Sardis, not far from the small river Pactolus. The contingents of the Persian army furnished by the inhabitants of Asia Minor used to assemble at Thymbara. It may be the same place as Thybarna cited by Diodorus Siculus.

Its site is located near Durasıllı in Asiatic Turkey.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.