hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilhelm von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (22 June 1767 – 8 April 1835) was a Prussian philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1949, the university was named after him and his younger brother, Alexander von Humboldt, a naturalist.

He was a linguist who made contributions to the philosophy of language, ethnolinguistics, and to the theory and practice of education. He made a major contribution to the development of liberalism by envisioning education as a means of realizing individual possibility rather than a way of drilling traditional ideas into youth to suit them for an already established occupation or social role. In particular, he was the architect of the Humboldtian education ideal, which was used from the beginning in Prussia as a model for its system of public education, as well as in the United States and Japan. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1822.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Allacma fusca
Allacma fusca is a species of springtail. This species is endemic to western areas of Continental Europe and the British Isles, where it lives in the surface layers of the soil in moist habitats such as among leaf litter.

Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by some, simply as the Continent. When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Europe is treated both as a continent and subcontinent.
Searching for Sugar Man (soundtrack)
Searching for Sugar Man is the 2012 soundtrack album from the documentary, Searching for Sugar Man, containing a compilation of songs by Rodriguez from his two studio albums. As a result of the popularity of the documentary, the album climbed high for a soundtrack album in some national album charts. In Sweden, it reached #3 in early 2013 when the Academy Award nomination was announced, and had been in the charts for 26 weeks by the time it received the award in February 2013; in Denmark it reached #18; and in New Zealand it reached #9.  The album was released by Light in the Attic / Legacy records and distributed by Sony Music Entertainment in a cooperative arrangement.  All tracks were remastered by Dave Cooley of Elysian Masters.

Legacy Recordings
Legacy Recordings is an American record label that is a division of Sony Music. Formed in 1990 after Sony's acquisition of CBS Records, Legacy originally handled the archives of Sony Music-owned labels Columbia Records and Epic Records. In 2004, under the Sony BMG joint venture, the label began to manage the archives of RCA Records, J Records, Windham Hill Records, Arista, LaFace, Jive, and Buddah Records. Legacy Recordings also distributes Philadelphia International Records and the catalog of recordings produced by Phil Spector. It is not related to the defunct British independent label Legacy Records.
Steyler Bank
The Steyler Bank is a German ethical-ecological bank using Christian finance principles that following the Steyler Missionare. It was founded in 1964 in Sankt Augustin, where it still has its headquarters, and creates funds from an ethical point of view. The Steyler Bank also has a branch in Austria.

The Steyler Bank is a private bank in the legal form of a limited liability company and has share capital of around €2.5 million. The passive business is primarily operated for private and institutional clients. The focus is on investment advice and asset management. As bank of the Catholic Steyler Missionsorden, it is also committed to the missionary mission, justice, peace, and the integrity of creation. It also offers foundation advisory services and as of 2013 manages 197 trustee foundations.

Sankt Augustin
Sankt Augustin (German pronunciation: [zaŋkt ˈaʊɡʊstiːn] ⓘ; Ripuarian: Sank Aujustin) is a town in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is named after the patron saint of the Steyler missionaries, Saint Augustine of Hippo (354-430). The missionaries established the "Saint Augustine Monastery" near the current town centre in 1913. The municipality of Sankt Augustin was established in 1969, and on September 6, 1977, Sankt Augustin acquired town privileges (German: Stadtrechte). Sankt Augustin is situated about 8 km northeast of Bonn and 8 km southwest of Siegburg. Sankt Augustin belongs to the economic region of Bonn/Rhein-Sieg as well as the scientific region of Bonn. With over 59,000 inhabitants, it is the second-largest town in the Rhein-Sieg district.
A Pilgrim's Way
"A Pilgrim's Way" is a poem by Rudyard Kipling. It was set to music by Peter Bellamy, and has been recorded by Cockersdale, Finest Kind, John Roberts & Tony Barrand, Damien Barber & Mike Wilson, as well as the band Pilgrims’ Way (comprising Lucy Wright, Tom Kitching and Edwin Beasant).

Being a well-documented song publicised by Mudcat, and Mainly Norfolk, the song was recorded by Jon Boden and Oli Steadman for inclusion in their respective lists of daily folk songs "A Folk Song A Day" and "365 Days Of Folk".

Cockersdale (band)
Cockersdale is a folk music singing group from West Yorkshire, England, founded by Keith Marsden of Morley (died 1991) and revived after his death.

Their albums include Doin' the Manch, recorded in 1988 and later reissued as a CD. The title song, written by Keith Marsden, refers to a pub crawl round the 27 or 28 pubs in Manchester Road, Bradford: "The Manch".
1998 Afro-Asian Club Championship
The 1998 Afro-Asian Club Championship, was the 11th and the last Afro-Asian Club Championship competition endorsed by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and Asian Football Confederation (AFC), contested between the winners of the CAF Champions League and the Asian Club Championship.

The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between Korean team Pohang Steelers the 1997–98 Asian Club Championship winner, and the Moroccan side Raja CA, the 1997 CAF Champions League winner, The first leg was hosted by Pohang Steelers at the Pohang Steel Yard in Pohang in November 1998, while the second leg was hosted by Raja CA at Stade Mohamed V in Casablanca in December 1998.

Aggregate was 3–2 for Raja CA.

1997 CAF Champions League
The 1997 CAF Champions League was the 33rd season of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by CAF, and the inaugural season under the revamped CAF Champions League title and format. Raja Casablanca of Morocco defeated Obuasi Goldfields of Ghana on penalties in the final to win their second title.
Kushnarev
Kushnarev or Kushnaryov is a surname Russian: Кушнарёв or Ukrainian: Кушнарьов, female form Kushnareva or Kushnaryova.  Notable people with the surname include:

Vitaly Kushnarev (born 1975), Russian politician

Yuri Kushnarev

Yevhen Kushnaryov (1951–2007), Ukrainian politician

Yevhen Kushnaryov
Yevhen Petrovych Kushnaryov (Ukrainian: Євген Петрович Кушнарьов; 29 January 1951 – 17 January 2007) was a Ukrainian politician. Kushnaryov was considered one of the chief ideologues of the Party of Regions and a key ally of Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych.
Giuseppe Belluzzo
Giuseppe Belluzzo (1876–1952) was an Italian mechanical engineer, scholar and politician. He was a member of the Italian Parliament and of the Italian Senate. He served as the minister of national economy and minister of public education in the cabinet of Benito Mussolini.

Ministry of Education, University and Research
The Ministry of Education and Merit (in Italian: Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito or MIM) is the ministry of the Italian government for the national education system, the Italian universities and research agencies. The current Italian Minister of Public Education is Giuseppe Valditara and the Italian Minister of University and Research is Anna Maria Bernini.
Nshenyi
Nshyeni was one of the six independent kingdoms which was established after the fall of the Kingdom of Mpororo in 1752. It was ruled by an Omukama. It is located in Kitwe, Ntungamo, Uganda. In 1901, it became a part of the Kingdom of Ankole, an ancient Ugandan kingdom that encompassed the former independent kingdoms of Igara, Sheema, Bweju, and parts of Mpororo. Today Nshyeni is a village located about 10 kilometers away from Uganda's border with Rwanda and Tanzania. It also became a cultural center, serving as a hub for community tourism. It is being promoted a homestead where visitors can experience the local's culture and way of life.

Bwejuu
Bwejuu is a village on the Tanzanian island of Unguja, part of Zanzibar. It is located in the southeast of the island, on the east coast immediately south of the Michamvi Peninsula and the open, beach-rich district known as Dongwe. The larger town of Jambiani lies seven kilometres to the south.
MOL-360
MOL-360 is a mid-level systems programming language for the IBM System/360 family of computers based on Algol.

The only data structure supported by the language is arrays. It has no support for floating point data, but allows direct access to processor registers and inline assembly language.

MOL-360 was used by System Development Corporation (SDC) to develop the ADEPT time-sharing system.

A similar language, MOL940, was written for the SDS 940 computer system.

Time-sharing
In computing, time-sharing is the concurrent sharing of a computing resource among many tasks or users by giving each task or user a small slice of processing time. This quick switch between tasks or users gives the illusion of simultaneous execution. It enables multi-tasking by a single user or enables multiple-user sessions.

Developed during the 1960s, its emergence as the prominent model of computing in the 1970s represented a major technological shift in the history of computing. By allowing many users to interact concurrently with a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing capability, made it possible for individuals and organizations to use a computer without owning one, and promoted the interactive use of computers and the development of new interactive applications.
Cane (TV series)
Cane is an American drama television series created by Cynthia Cidre, who also served as executive producer alongside Jonathan Prince, Jimmy Iovine, and Polly Anthony. The pilot was directed by Christian Duguay. The show chronicled the lives and internal power struggles of a powerful and wealthy Cuban-American family running an immensely successful rum and sugarcane business in South Florida.

Produced by ABC Studios, CBS Paramount Network Television, El Sendero Productions, Interscope Records, and Once a Frog Productions, the series premiered on September 25, 2007, airing on Tuesday nights at 10:00/9:00c on CBS, following The Unit. The series premiere of the show brought in 11 million viewers, the best in its time slot since 1999's Judging Amy.

South Florida
South Florida, sometimes colloquially shortened to SoFlo, is the southernmost region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is one of Florida's three most commonly referred to directional regions; the two others are Central Florida and North Florida. South Florida is the southernmost part of the continental United States and the only region of the continental U.S. that includes some areas with a tropical climate.

South Florida is dominated by the Miami metropolitan area and the Everglades. It also contains the Florida Keys; three U.S. national parks: Biscayne, Dry Tortugas, and Everglades; and multiple cities.
Guddi (1971 film)
Guddi (transl. Doll) is a 1971 Indian Hindi drama film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and written by Gulzar. It starred Dharmendra, Jaya Bachchan and Utpal Dutt. It is Bachchan's debut and career-making film in which she plays a schoolgirl who has a crush on and is obsessed with the actor Dharmendra, who plays himself. She earned a Filmfare nomination as Best Actress, the only nomination for the film. Dutt also has a starring role. Many Bollywood actors like Dilip Kumar, Amitabh Bachchan, Vinod Khanna, Rajesh Khanna, Naveen Nischol, Asrani, Om Prakash, Pran and Vimi gave guest appearances as themselves. According to Boxofficeindia.com, the film became a "big city hit" and Hit" business everywhere else. It was later remade in Tamil as Cinema Paithiyam (1975) starring Jayachitra and Jayasankar.

Box Office India
Box Office India is an Indian film website dedicated to tracking, reporting, and analyzing the financial performance of films released in the Hindi entertainment industry.

Established in 2003, Box Office India has become a prominent source of data and insights regarding box office revenues, viewership trends, and industry analyses within the Bollywood industry and other regional cinema in India. The website serves as a comprehensive source for box office statistics, including daily, weekly, and lifetime earnings of films across various Indian languages. Its traffic ranking in India is 83,665 as of 10 July 2021, and is frequently visited by other countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Its site does not include collections from dubbed Telugu, Tamil, or Kannada versions of Bollywood films and vice-versa, nor does it include overseas collections from Far Eastern or Russian markets.

A new Box Office India website went live on 20 January 2014.
Hans L. Bodlaender
Hans Leo Bodlaender (born April 21, 1960) is a Dutch computer scientist, a professor of computer science at Utrecht University. Bodlaender is known for his work on graph algorithms and parameterized complexity and in particular for algorithms relating to tree decomposition of graphs.

Tree decomposition
In graph theory, a tree decomposition is a mapping of a graph into a tree that can be used to define the treewidth of the graph and speed up solving certain computational problems on the graph.

Tree decompositions are also called junction trees, clique trees, or join trees.  They play an important role in problems like probabilistic inference, constraint satisfaction, query optimization, and matrix decomposition.

The concept of tree decomposition was originally introduced by Rudolf Halin (1976). Later it was rediscovered by Neil Robertson and Paul Seymour (1984) and has since been studied by many other authors.
Microregion of Entorno do Distrito Federal
Entorno do Distrito Federal Microregion (also: Entorno de Brasília) is a statistical microregion in Goiás state, Brazil, consisting of municipalities located in the vicinity of the Federal District of Brazil.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
Ernakulam–Patna Superfast Express (via Asansol)
The 22643 / 22644 Ernakulam–Patna Superfast Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways southern zone that runs between Ernakulam Junction and Patna Junction in India.

Varanasi-Tirupati Express was extended (on one day) to/from Cochin with effect from 1-11-1989

It operates as train number 22643 from Ernakulam Junction to Patna Junction and as train number 22644 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
James Nicolson (priest)
Christianity portal

James Nicolson (1832–1889) was a Scottish cleric, Dean  of Brechin from 1874 until his death on 25 January 1889.

Nicolson was educated at Aberdeen Grammar School, went on to Marischal College, Aberdeen and was ordained in 1857. His first post was Curate at St Mary Magdalene, Dundee and Chaplain to the Bishop of Brechin. He assisted David Greig's mission work in Dundee. After that he was the incumbent at St Salvador, Dundee, which he had helped to found in 1856 together with Alexander Penrose Forbes, Bishop Of Brechin.

Alexander Forbes (bishop of Brechin)
Alexander Penrose Forbes (16 June 1817 – 8 October 1875) was a Scottish Episcopalian divine. A leading cleric in the Scottish Episcopal Church, he was Bishop of Brechin from 1847 until his death in 1875.
Poyanda Mausoleum
Poyanda Mausoleum (or Polvon Poyaki Mausoleum) is a mausoleum located in Khiva, Khorazm and known by the names of Poyanda and Poyaki among the inhabitants of the city. The mausoleum dates back to the 16th century, and today it is located at 12 Pahlavon Mahmud Street, "Itchan Kala" neighborhood, Khiva. The historical object "Itchan Kala" state museum-reserve belongs to the state property based on the right of operational management.

Khiva
Khiva (Uzbek: Xiva, Хива, خیوه; other names) is a district-level city of approximately 93,000 people in Khorazm Region, Uzbekistan. According to archaeological data, the city was established around 2,500 years ago.

In 1997, Khiva celebrated its 2500th anniversary. It is the former capital of Khwarezmia, the Khanate of Khiva, and the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. Itchan Kala in Khiva was the first site in Uzbekistan (and in Central Asia) to be inscribed on the World Heritage List (1991). The Iranian astronomer, historian and polymath, Al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was born in either Khiva or the nearby city of Kath.
Vevey–Montreux–Chillon–Villeneuve tramway
The Vevey–Montreux–Chillon–Villeneuve tramway (VMCV) was a metre gauge electric tramway in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It linked the towns of Vevey, Montreux and Villeneuve close to the shoreline of Lake Geneva, and also served the famous Château de Chillon. The line was formed by a merger of the Vevey–Montreux–Chillon tramway (VMC) and the Chillon–Byron–Villeneuve tramway (CBV).

Chillon Castle
Chillon Castle (French: Château de Chillon, pronounced [ʃɑto d(ə) ʃijɔ̃]) is a medieval island castle located on Lake Geneva, south of Veytaux in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is situated at the eastern end of the lake, on the narrow shore between Montreux and Villeneuve, which gives access to the Alpine valley of the Rhône. Chillon is amongst the most visited medieval castles in Europe. Successively occupied by the House of Savoy, then by the Bernese from 1536 until 1798, it now belongs to the canton of Vaud and is classified as a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance.
Boxing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Middleweight
The men's middleweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1972 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 75 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 29 August to 10 September 1972. 22 boxers from 22 nations competed.

Marvin Johnson (boxer)
Marvin Johnson (born April 12, 1954) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1973 to 1987. He is a 3-time light heavyweight champion  having held the World Boxing Council (WBC) light heavyweight title from 1978 to 1979, and the World Boxing Association (WBA) light heavyweight title twice between 1979 to 1987. As an amateur, Johnson fought in the 1972 Olympics in Munich, winning a bronze medal at middleweight. He was inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame in 2008.
2013 IPP Open – Doubles
Mikhail Elgin and Igor Zelenay were the defending champions, but Zelenay did not participate that year. Elgin played alongside Michal Mertiňák and they lost in the quarterfinals to Henri Kontinen and Jarkko Nieminen, who won the title, defeating Dustin Brown and Philipp Marx in the final, 7–5, 5–7, [10–5].

Michal Mertiňák
Michal Mertiňák (born 11 October 1979) is a retired professional tennis player from Slovakia. He turned professional in 1999, and has won six doubles titles in his career on the ATP Tour. He reached his career high doubles ranking of World No. 12 in February 2010. He played in the 2005 Davis Cup for Slovakia, who finished runner-up to Croatia. Mertiňák played two ties in the final, including losing the deciding fifth rubber to Mario Ančić.

From 2009 until 2010 his doubles partner was Czech František Čermák. He won five tournaments with him in the 2009 season. Subsequently he partnered up with André Sá.
America (Wadada Leo Smith album)
America is an album by American jazz trumpeter Wadada Leo Smith and drummer Jack DeJohnette which was recorded in 2008 and released on Tzadik Records. It was their first duo recording, a collaboration originally proposed to ECM in 1979 and rejected.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
Sidi Boulaalam
Sidi Boulaalam (Arabic: سيدي بولعلام) is a small town and rural commune in Essaouira Province, Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco. It is about 145 kilometres (90 mi) southwest of Casablanca, north of Route 207 (the Essaouira-Marrakesh road), along Route 2202 between Sidi Aissa Regragui to the northwest and Route 2200 to Tafetachte.

At the time of the 2014 census, the commune had a total population of 8,142 people living in 1,561 households. This was up from the 2004 census of 7,880 people in 1,310 households.

The climate in Sidi Boulaalam is semi-arid, with cooler winters than the coast, freezing occurring in the winter, but it is warmer than the coast in summer. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is BSk. The average total annual rainfall is only 327 millimetres (12.9 in), with most of it occurring in the winter, and almost no precipitation in July and August.

Fifteen people were killed and many more injured there during a crowd crush for food in November 2017.

Essaouira Province
Essaouira (Arabic: إقليم الصويرة) is a province in the Moroccan region of Marrakesh-Safi. Its population in 2024 was 425,449

The major cities and towns are:

Ait Daoud

El Hanchane

Essaouira

Ounagha

Smimou

Tafetachte

Talmest

Tamanar