hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panmure Castle
Panmure Castle was a castle that was located to the north-west of Muirdrum, Angus, Scotland.

The castle was owned by the de Valognes family, until the castle passed by marriage of Christina de Valognes to Peter Maule of Fowlis. The stone castle is thought to have been built by Peter Maule around 1224 and was destroyed by Andrew Murray of Avoch and Petty during the Second War of Scottish Independence in 1336.
The castle was the ancestral home of the Maule family of Panmure from the 13th century to the 17th century, when it was replaced by Panmure House in the 17th century.

In 1485 Alexander Garden killed John Jamesone by throwing a stone at him from the castle, and he was forgiven by James IV for this crime in December 1507.

The ruins of the castle and moat has been designated as a Scheduled Monument by Historic Environment Scotland.

Andrew Murray (soldier)
Sir Andrew Murray (1298–1338), also known as Sir Andrew Moray, or Sir Andrew de Moray, was a Scottish military and political leader who supported King David II of Scotland against Edward Balliol and King Edward III of England during the Second War of Scottish Independence. He held the lordships of Avoch and Petty in north Scotland, and Bothwell in west-central Scotland.  In 1326 he married Christina Bruce, a sister of King Robert the Bruce. Murray was twice chosen as Guardian of Scotland, first in 1332, and again from 1335 on his return to Scotland after his release from captivity in England.  He held the guardianship until his death in 1338.
Baby Baji
Baby Baji is a Pakistani family soap television series produced by Abdullah Seja under his production banner IDream Entertainment. The first season of the drama was titled "Baby Baji", which ended on 1 August 2023. The 2nd season was titled Baby Baji Ki Bahuwain (Daughters-in-law of Baby Baji). The ensemble cast of the series includes Samina Ahmad, Munawar Saeed, Javeria Saud, Saud, Junaid Niazi, Sunita Marshall, Hassan Ahmed, Fazal Hussain, Syeda Tuba Anwar, and Aina Asif. The series revolves around the family of Baby Baji and her struggle to keep it united during her husband's illness.

Matriarchy
Matriarchy is a social system in which positions of power and privilege are held by women. In a broader sense it can also extend to moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. While those definitions apply in general English, definitions specific to anthropology and feminism differ in some respects.

Matriarchies may also be confused with matrilineal, matrilocal, and matrifocal societies. While some may consider any non-patriarchal system to be matriarchal, most academics exclude those systems from matriarchies as strictly defined. Many societies have had matriarchal elements.
Morrison Heckscher
Morrison Harris Heckscher (born December 12, 1940) is an American retired curator and art historian who served as the Lawrence A. Fleischman Chair of the American Wing at the Metropolitan Museum of Art from 2001 to 2014. He had worked in various curatorial roles at the Met since 1966. As chair, he oversaw a complete renovation of the interior and exhibits. He is a recipient of the Antique Dealers' Association Award of Merit and the Winterthur Museum's Henry Francis du Pont Award.

Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library
Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library is an American estate and museum in Winterthur, Delaware. Winterthur houses one of the richest collections of Americana in the United States. The museum and estate were the home of Henry Francis du Pont (1880–1969), Winterthur's founder and a prominent antiques collector and horticulturist.
Modestas
Modestas is a Lithuanian masculine given name. Individuals with the name Modestas include:

Modestas Bukauskas (born 1995), Lithuanian-British mixed martial artist

Modestas Paulauskas (born 1945), Lithuanian basketball player and coach

Modestas Stonys (born 1980), Lithuanian footballer

Modestas Vaičiulis (born 1989), Lithuanian cross-country skier

Modestas Vaičiulis
Modestas Vaičiulis (born 11 April 1989) is a Lithuanian cross-country skier since 2007. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he finished 18th in the team sprint and 54th in the individual sprint events. Vaičiulius returned to represent Lithuania at the 2018, 2022, and 2026 Winter Olympics.

Vaičiulis finished 49th in the sprint event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec.

His best World Cup finish was 28th in a sprint event in Dresden in 2020.
DF-5
The Dongfeng 5 (simplified Chinese: 东风-5; traditional Chinese: 東風-5; pinyin: Dōng Fēng Wǔ; lit. 'East Wind 5') or DF-5 is a second-generation two stage Chinese intercontinental ballistic missile. It has a length of 32.6 metres (107 ft) and a diameter of 3.35 metres (11.0 ft). It weighs in at 183,000 kilograms (403,000 lb) and it has an estimated range of 13,000 to 16,000 kilometres (8,100 to 9,900 mi). The DF-5 had its first flight in 1971 and was in operational service 10 years later. One of the limitations of the missile is that it takes between 30 and 60 minutes to load with liquid fuel (UDMH) and NTO oxidizer. The missile was also used as the basis for the Long March 2 family of launch vehicles.

Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. Its molar mass is 92.011 g/mol.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is hypergolic (spontaneously reacts) upon contact with various forms of hydrazine, which has made the pair a common bipropellant for rockets.
Griswold Community School District
41°14′22″N 95°08′07″W﻿ / ﻿41.239480°N 95.135343°W﻿ / 41.239480; -95.135343

Griswold Community School District is a rural public school district headquartered in Griswold, Iowa, serving sections of Cass, Montgomery, and Pottawattamie counties.

Communities in its service area are Griswold, Elliott, Grant, and Lewis.

Cass County, Iowa
Cass County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,127. Its county seat is Atlantic.  It was named to honor Lewis Cass, who was the 1848 Democratic nominee for president.
Aphasia (album)
Aphasia (Chinese: 失語者; pinyin: shīyǔ zhě) is the tenth Mandarin-language studio album by Singaporean singer-songwriter Tanya Chua, released on 13 November 2015 by AsiaMuse Entertainment. Pre-orders for the album began on 28 October. Chua worked with her long-time lyricist Xiaohan and Chinese composer and producer An Dong for the album which is noted for its experimental and electronic elements, transcending the theme of her previous releases composed of guitar-driven healing ballads. The meaning behind the album title aphasia refers to the neurological disorder that impairs speech, reading, or writing.

At the 27th Golden Melody Awards, Chua received six nominations including Best Mandarin Album and Best Female Mandarin Singer for the album.

Golden Melody Award for Best Mandarin Album
The Golden Melody Award for Best Mandarin Album (Chinese: 金曲獎最佳華語專輯獎) is an honor presented at the Golden Melody Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1990, to recording artists for quality Mandopop music albums.

The honor was first presented in 2005 as Best Mandarin Pop Vocal Album at the 16th Golden Melody Awards to Sandee Chan for Then We All Wept in Silence. In 2007, the category became known as Best Mandarin Album. Tanya Chua and Jay Chou currently hold the record for the most nominations, with six; followed by A-Mei with five.
2015 FIBA Under-19 World Championship
The 2015 FIBA Under-19 World Championship (Greek: Παγκόσμιο Πρωτάθλημα FIBA Under-19 2015) was the 12th edition of the FIBA U19 World Championship, the biennial international men's youth basketball championship contested by the U19 national teams of the member associations of FIBA. It was hosted by Heraklion, Greece, from 27 June to 5 July 2015.
It was the third time that Greece hosted the tournament since 1995.

As a result of FIBA rules changes, made effective as of 1 October 2014, this tournament marked the first time that the FIBA Under-19 World Championship used instant replay to review controversial plays and where players were allowed to wear any jersey with numbers from "00" to "99".

The United States won their sixth title by defeating Croatia 79–71 in the final.

Eastern European Time
Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of the UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. The zone uses daylight saving time, so that it uses UTC+03:00 during the summer.

A number of African countries use UTC+02:00 all year long, where it is called Central Africa Time (CAT), although Egypt and Libya also use the term Eastern European Time.

The most populous city in the Eastern European Time zone is Cairo, with the most populous EET city in Europe being Kyiv.
Daniel Attah
Daniel Attah (born 20 November 1978) is a Nigerian former professional boxer who challenged for the WBA (Super) and WBO super featherweight titles in 2002. As an amateur, he competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Attah lost to Acelino Freitas in 12 rounds, by a unanimous decision in a world championship fight held at Phoenix, Arizona. As of 2022, he is a resident of Washington, D.C.

Boxing at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Featherweight
The featherweight class in the boxing at the 1996 Summer Olympics competition was the fourth-lightest class at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. The competition in the Alexander Memorial Coliseum started on 1996-07-20 and ended on 1996-08-04. There was significant controversy surrounding judging of the fight between 19-year-old Floyd Mayweather of the United States and 27-year-old two-time Olympian Serafim Todorov of Bulgaria, with Todorov being awarded the semi-final bout which, according to many observers, was won by Mayweather. The U.S. team filed a protest over the Mayweather bout, claiming the judges were intimidated by Bulgaria's Emil Jetchev (head of the boxing officials) into favoring the Bulgarian Todorov, but it was rejected.
Fuego (Donald Byrd album)
Fuego is an album by American jazz trumpeter Donald Byrd recorded on October 4, 1959 and released on Blue Note the following year. Byrd's quintet features saxophonist Jackie McLean and rhythm section Duke Pearson, Doug Watkins and Lex Humphries.

Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (December 9, 1932 – February 4, 2013) was an American jazz and rhythm & blues trumpeter, composer and vocalist. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd was one of the few hard bop musicians who successfully explored funk and soul while remaining a jazz artist. As a bandleader, Byrd was an influence on the early career of Herbie Hancock and many others.
Wire-tailed swallow
The wire-tailed swallow (Hirundo smithii) is a small passerine bird in the swallow family. It has two subspecies: H. s. smithii, which occurs throughout Africa, and H. s. filifera, which is found in southern and southeastern Asia. It is mainly resident, but populations in Pakistan and northern India migrate further south in winter. The genus name Hirundo is the Latin word for swallow. The species name smithii commemorates Christen Smith, a Norwegian botanist and geologist.

Christen Smith
Christen Smith (17 October 1785 – 22 September 1816) also known as Christian Smith or Chretien Smith, was an early 19th-century Norwegian physician, economist and naturalist, particularly botanist. He died, only 30 years old during a dramatic expedition to the Congo River in 1816, leaving a wealth of botanical material.
2012 Madison Cash Spiel
The 2012 Madison Cash Spiel was held from November 30 to December 2 at the Madison Curling Club in Madison, Wisconsin as part of the 2012–13 World Curling Tour. The event was held in a round robin format.
In the men's final, Pete Fenson won his second consecutive title and fourth title overall with a win over former teammate John Shuster. Fenson defeated Shuster in an extra end with a score of 6–5. In the women's final, Erika Brown defeated Jill Mouzar with a score of 8–7 to win her second consecutive and overall title.

Madison Curling Club
The Madison Curling Club (MCC) is a curling club located in McFarland, Wisconsin, United States. MCC was the third-largest curling club in the United States with 570 members as of February 2014.  The club had 590 members for the 2019-2020 season.
Citiolone
Citiolone is a drug used in liver therapy.

It is a derivative of the amino acid homocysteine. Citilone has also been studied with regard to hypothermia due to it being a hydroxyl free radical scavenger. The drug has been shown to protect hamster cells subjected to temperature conditions of 8-25 °C.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
The Watchers (sculpture)
The Watchers is a 1960 bronze sculpture by the British sculptor Lynn Chadwick depicting three abstracted figures whose form is inspired by the Moai.

Four castings were made: these are currently on display in the San Diego Museum of Art's May S. Marcy Sculpture Garden, Roehampton University in London, Loughborough University and Ursinus College, Pennsylvania.

The San Diego Museum of Art
The San Diego Museum of Art is a fine art museum in Balboa Park in San Diego, California, that houses a broad collection with particular strength in Spanish art. It opened as the Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego on February 28, 1926, and changed to its current name in 1978. The official Balboa Park website calls it "the region's oldest and largest art museum". Nearly half a million people visit the museum each year.
Diasemia reticularis
Diasemia reticularis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It is typically found in the tropics, but may range into Europe as far north as the North Sea region because of its migratory nature.

The wingspan is 18–22 mm. The adults can be encountered all year if considering the species' entire range, but in subtropical and temperate regions they are rare outside the warm months.

The larvae feed mainly on Cichorieae, such as Cichorium (chicories), Hieracium (hawkweeds) and Picris (oxtongues), but also on Plantago (plantain herbs). More unusually, they have been recorded to feed on plant refuse and dry leaves.

As a result of its distinctive coloration and wing pattern the moth is occasionally referred to in France as chocolat marbré, or marbled chocolate moth.

Plantago
Plantago is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, commonly called plantains or fleaworts. The common name plantain is shared with the unrelated cooking plantain. Most are herbaceous plants, though a few are subshrubs growing to 60 centimetres (24 inches) tall.
Thelymitra pulcherrima
Thelymitra pulcherrima, commonly called the northern Queen of Sheba, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, spiral, dark green leaf with a purplish base and up to seven glossy, variegated flowers with the sepals and petals differing in colour. The petals and sepals and basically reddish or purplish but with streaks and blotches of contrasting colours. There are two bright yellow or orange arms on the sides of the column.

Column (botany)
The column, or technically the gynostemium, is a reproductive structure that can be found in several plant families: Aristolochiaceae, Orchidaceae, and Stylidiaceae.

It is derived from the fusion of both male and female parts (stamens and pistil) into a single organ. The top part of the column is formed by the anther, which is covered by an anther cap. This means that the style and stigma of the pistil, with the filaments  and one or more anthers, are all united.
Friedländer synthesis
The Friedländer synthesis is a chemical reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with ketones to form quinoline derivatives. It is named after German chemist Paul Friedländer (1857–1923).

This reaction has been catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, iodine, and Lewis acids.

Several reviews have been published.

P-Toluenesulfonic acid
para-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar organic solvents. The CH3C6H4SO2 group is known as the tosyl group and is often abbreviated as Ts or Tos. Most often, TsOH refers to the monohydrate, TsOH.H2O.

As with other aryl sulfonic acids, TsOH is a strong organic acid.  It is about one million times stronger than benzoic acid.  It is one of the few strong acids that is solid and therefore is conveniently weighed and stored.
Kahle Wart
Kahle Wart  is an open-air theatre in Oberbauerschaft (part of Hüllhorst), North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

They act plays in German and Low German. Three plays are performed each year: a High German play (beginning of June to mid-July), a Low German play (mid-July to end of August) and – since 2017 – also a family play.

The theatre is named after the summit Kahlewart of the Wiehen Hills. The Wittekindsweg, which leads from Osnabrück to Porta Westfalica and has a length of about 95 kilometres, runs across the site.

Porta Westfalica
Porta Westfalica (German: [ˈpɔʁta vɛstˈfaːlɪka] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Minden-Lübbecke, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The name "Porta Westfalica" is Latin and means "gate to Westphalia". Coming from the north, the gorge is the entry to the region of Westphalia. The name was coined by scholars of the 19th century.
Leamington–Stratford line
The Leamington–Stratford line is a railway line linking Leamington Spa and Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England. It follows the Chiltern Main Line from Leamington Spa to Hatton before diverging to the south. It serves Stratford-upon-Avon, Wilmcote, Bearley, Claverdon, Hatton, Warwick, and Leamington Spa. At Wilmcote, it joins the North Warwickshire Line.

The section between Hatton and Wilmcote was opened in 1880, and doubled in 1939.

Passenger services are primarily operated by Chiltern Railways. They replaced the previous operator, First Great Western Link, in early 2005. Some services are operated by West Midlands Railway which run between Birmingham Snow Hill and Stratford-upon-Avon via Solihull.

West Midlands Trains
WM Trains Limited, doing business as West Midlands Trains, is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter and local services in the West Midlands region and on the West Coast Main Line between London and the Northwest under two trading names: within the West Midlands region as West Midlands Railway (WMR) and outside the region as London Northwestern Railway (LNR). It assumed responsibility  for these services on 1 February 2026 at the conclusion of the outsourcing contract previously placed with Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co.
Mes Rafsanjan F.C.
Mes Rafsanjan Football Club is an Iranian football club based in Rafsanjan, Iran. The club is owned by the Copper Industries Company the nationalised Iranian copper industry after which the club is named.

National Iranian Copper Industries Company
National Iranian Copper Industries Company abbreviated as NICICO (Persian: شرکت ملی صنایع مس ایران, Sherkat-e Melli-ye Sânaye'e Mess-e Iran) is an Iranian publicly traded corporation. This company mines 700,000 tons of copper annually. As of 2020, total sales of the company topped 220 trillion rials (about $5.2 billion).
Hot Springs (band)
Hot Springs were a Canadian psychedelic indie-rock band based in Montreal, Quebec. They were unusual in the Montreal music scene, in that they had an equal fan-base within both the francophone and anglophone communities.

English-speaking Quebecers
English-speaking Quebecers, also known as Anglo-Quebecers, English Quebecers, or Anglophone Quebecers (all alternately spelt Quebeckers; in French Anglo-Québécois, Québécois Anglophone) or simply Anglos in a Quebec context, are Québécois people who speak English as their primary language. According to the 2011 Canadian census, 599,225 people (around 7.7% of the population) in Quebec declare English as a mother tongue. When asked, 834,950 people (about 10.7% of the population) reported using English the most at home.

The origins of English-speaking Quebecers include immigration from both English-speaking and non English-speaking countries, migration from other Canadian provinces, and strong English language education programs in Quebecois schools. This makes estimating the population of those who identify as English-speaking Quebecers difficult.
Saroj Kanta Barik
Saroj Kanta Barik, also known as S. K. Barik, is an Indian botanist, ecologist, and scientific and academic administrator specializing in plant ecology, biodiversity conservation, and bioprospection. He is a Professor of Botany and the current Dean of the School of Life Sciences at North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong. He previously served as the Director of the CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI) from 2016 to 2022, and concurrently held the directorship of the CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow from 2020 to 2022.

National Academy of Sciences, India
The National Academy of Sciences, India, also known as NASI, was established in 1930 and is the oldest science academy of India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Prof. Meghnad Saha was the founder president.
2003 Scottish League Cup final
The 2003 Scottish League Cup final was played on 16 March 2003 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 56th Scottish League Cup. The final was contested by Celtic and Rangers. Rangers won the match 2–1, thanks to goals from Claudio Caniggia and  Peter Løvenkrands. John Hartson missed a penalty kick late in the game that would potentially have taken the match into extra time.

Peter Løvenkrands
Peter Rosenkrands Løvenkrands (born 29 January 1980) is a Danish professional football manager and former player. He played mainly as a striker or as a winger, and was known for his pace.

Løvenkrands began his career in his native Denmark, winning the 1999 Danish Cup with Akademisk Boldklub. He then moved to Scottish club Rangers where he played for six years and won seven major honours, including two Scottish Premier League titles. He signed for German team Schalke 04 in 2006, but eventually fell out of favour during his last season there, and transferred to Premier League side Newcastle United in the winter of 2008. After three and a half seasons he moved to Birmingham City, who released him at the end of the 2013–14 season and he subsequently retired.

He won the 1998 Danish Under-19 Player of the Year award. He played 21 times and scored a single goal for the Danish national team, representing them at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and Euro 2004 tournaments.
2010 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' doubles
Noppawan Lertcheewakarn and Sally Peers were the defending champions, but both were ineligible to participate in the juniors.

Tímea Babos and Sloane Stephens defeated Irina Khromacheva and Elina Svitolina in the final, 6–7(7–9), 6–2, 6–2 to win the girls' doubles tennis title at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships.

Sally Peers
Sally Peers (born 1 June 1991) is an Australian former professional tennis player. Her career-high singles ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) is 145, which she achieved on 11 April 2011. Her highest doubles ranking of world No. 89 she reached on 8 November 2010. Her career high in juniors is world No. 54, achieved on 21 July 2008.