hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perseus Digital Library
The Perseus Digital Library, formerly known as the Perseus Project, is a free-access digital library founded by Gregory Crane in 1987 and hosted by the Department of Classical Studies of Tufts University. One of the pioneers of digital libraries, its self-proclaimed mission is to make the full record of humanity available to everyone. While originally focused on the ancient Greco-Roman world, it has since diversified and offers materials in Arabic, Germanic, English Renaissance literature, 19th century American documents and Italian poetry in Latin, and has sprouted several child projects and international cooperation. The current version, Perseus 4.0, is also known as the Perseus Hopper, and is mirrored by the University of Chicago.

19th century in the United States
The 19th century in the United States refers to the period in the United States from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar.  For information on this period, see:

History of the United States series:
History of the United States (1789–1849)
History of the United States (1849–1865)
History of the United States (1865–1918)

Historical eras:
Jeffersonian era
Era of Good Feelings
Jacksonian era
American Civil War
Reconstruction era
Gilded Age
Progressive Era
2004–05 Irani Cup
The 2004–05 Irani Trophy match was played 22–25 September 2005 at the Punjab Cricket Association Stadium in Mohali. Rest of India defeated the reigning Ranji Trophy champions Mumbai defeated by 290 runs.

Irani Trophy
The Irani Trophy, also known as the Z R Irani Trophy, is an annual one-off First-Class cricket match organised by the BCCI and contested each season by the reigning Ranji Trophy champions and a multi-state RoI team composed of players from the other state teams. The inaugural edition was played in March 1960 as a special event to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Ranji Trophy. It was intended to be a one-off match but, in 1962, BCCI decided to institute it as annual fixture and it has been played in most seasons since 1962–63. BCCI named the Irani Trophy after Zal R. Irani, their long-serving president and treasurer, who was a significant figure in the organisation from its inception in 1928, till his death in 1970.
Bostick
Bostick is a surname, a variation of the English surname Bostock. Notable people with the surname include:

Akeem Bostick (born 1995), American minor league baseball player

Brandon Bostick (born 1989), American National Football League player

Chris Bostick (born 1993), American minor league baseball player

Devon Bostick (born 1991), Canadian actor

Francis Bostick, American engineer and professor emeritus

Henry Bostick (1895–1968), American Major League Baseball player born Henry Lipschitz

Sion Record Bostick (1819–1902), veteran of the Texas Revolution

Th-resa Bostick (born 1969), IFBB professional bodybuilder

Thomas P. Bostick (born 1956), American retired lieutenant general, former Chief of Engineers of the US Army and commanding general of the US Army Corps of Engineers

Winston H. Bostick (1916–1991), American physicist

Thomas P. Bostick
Thomas Paul Bostick (born September 23, 1956) was the 53rd Chief of Engineers of the United States Army and Commanding General of the Army Corps of Engineers. Since the creation of West Point in 1802 as the Nation's first engineering school, Bostick is the only African American graduate of the academy to serve as the Chief of Engineers and Commanding General of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Following his military career, Bostick served as the Chief Operating Officer and President of Intrexon Bioengineering (now Precigen). He serves on the Boards of CSX, Perma-Fix, Fidelity Investments' Equity and High Income Fund, HireVue, and Allonnia. He serves on the non-profit boards of Resilient Cities Catalyst and American Corporate Partners, a 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to assisting U.S. Veterans in their transition from the armed services to the civilian workforce. He is also a Forbes Contributor.
Cobalt Blue (album)
Cobalt Blue is an album by the Canadian musician Michael Brook, released in 1992. Brook supported the album with a North American tour, playing some shows with John Cale. The album was reissued in 1999, with an additional disc of live material.

Michael Brook
Michael Brook (born 1951) is a Canadian guitarist, inventor, music producer, and film music composer. He plays in many genres, including rock, electronica, world music, minimalism and film scores. His collaborations with musicians around the world have made him "one of the most sought-after producers in the music industry." Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Brook lives in Los Angeles. He is the creator of the Infinite Guitar.
Army Group Centre (France)
Army Group Centre (French: Groupe d'armées du Centre, G. A. C.) was a grouping of French field armies during World War I, which was created on June 22, 1915. The army group covered the Western Front roughly between Rheims and Verdun.

The G.A.C. was then disbanded on December 1, 1917, and a second one—also known as Army Group Maistre—was created by transforming the Army Group North on July 6, 1918. General Paul Maistre was its last commander until the Armistice.

Verdun
Verdun (/vɜːrˈdʌn/ vur-DUN, UK also /ˈvɛərdʌn/ VAIR-dun; US also /vɛərˈdʌn/ vair-DUN; French: [vɛʁdœ̃] ⓘ; official name before 1970: Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city in the Meuse department in Grand Est, northeastern France. It is an arrondissement of the department.

In 843, the Treaty of Verdun, which divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms—considered the foundation of Germany and France—was signed there. An episcopal principality of the Holy Roman Empire since the 10th century, Verdun was subjugated by France in 1552, during the "Voyage to Austrasia". Along with the other free cities of the Empire, Metz and Toul, it formed the province of the Three Bishoprics, which was attached to the Kingdom of France in 1648 by the Treaty of Münster.

Verdun is the biggest city in Meuse, although the capital of the department is Bar-le-Duc, which is slightly smaller than Verdun. It is well known for giving its name to the longest battle in modern history in the First World War.
Trusona
Trusona is an American company based in Scottsdale, Arizona, that specializes in identity theft protection.

Trusona's founder and CEO is Ori Eisen. According to Eisen, “All of the companies we work with are Fortune 500 companies or government agencies”.

Trusona secured a $10 million round of financing with support from Microsoft Ventures and the existing investor Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers. This funding was aimed at rethinking traditional password security.

On May 11, 2017, Trusona announced its support for password-less entry on Salesforce.com,  marking a significant step in enhancing digital security.

Kleiner Perkins
Kleiner Perkins, formerly Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB), is an American venture capital firm which specializes in investing in incubation, early stage and growth companies. Since its founding in 1972, the firm has backed entrepreneurs in over 900 ventures, including America Online, Amazon.com, Tandem Computers, Compaq, Electronic Arts, JD.com, Square, Genentech, Google, Netscape, Sun Microsystems, Nest, Palo Alto Networks, Synack, Snap, AppDynamics, and Twitter. By 2024, it had raised 21 venture capital funds and six growth funds.

Kleiner Perkins is headquartered in Menlo Park in Silicon Valley, with offices in San Francisco and Shanghai, China.
Vestvik Church
Vestvik Church (Norwegian: Vestvik kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Inderøy Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  It is located in the village of Framverran.  It is one of the two churches for the Mosvik parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style using plans drawn up by the architect Jon Rostad. The church seats about 275 people.

Diocese of Nidaros
Nidaros is a diocese in the Lutheran Church of Norway. It covers Trøndelag county in Central Norway and its cathedral city is Trondheim, which houses the well-known Nidaros Cathedral.  Since 10 September 2017, the Bishop of Nidaros is Herborg Finnset.  The bishop preses, currently Olav Fykse Tveit is also based at the Nidaros Cathedral.  The diocese is divided into nine deaneries (prosti).  While the bishop preses holds episcopal responsibility within the Nidaros domprosti (deanery) in Trondheim, the bishop of Nidaros holds episcopal authority of the other eight deaneries as well as the language based parish of the Southern Sámi.
Dennis de Nooijer
Dennis de Nooijer (born 4 April 1969) is a Dutch professional football manager and former player who is the head coach of Derde Divisie club SteDoCo. A striker during his playing career, he is the twin brother of defender Gérard de Nooijer, who also played professional football during the late 1980s and 1990s.

Vierde Klasse
The Vierde Klasse (English: Fourth Class) is the ninth tier of football in the Netherlands and the seventh tier of Dutch amateur football. This is the lowest league in the South I region. The league is divided into 55 divisions, 29 played on Saturday and 26 on Sunday.

Each division consists of 12 to 14 teams. The champions are promoted to the Derde Klasse, the bottom two teams are relegated to the Vijfde Klasse (only in districts where a Vijfde Klasse exists). Each season is divided into a number of periods (Dutch: periodes). The winner of these periods qualify for promotion playoffs, provided they finish in the top nine overall in the season. The teams finishing third from bottom in the final rankings play relegation playoffs.
Hydnellum ferrugineum
Hydnellum ferrugineum, commonly known as the mealy tooth or the reddish-brown corky spine fungus, is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. A widely distributed species, it is found in north Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The fungus fruits on the ground singly or in clusters in conifer forest, usually in poor (low nutrient) or sandy soil. Fruit bodies are somewhat top-shaped, measuring 3–10 cm (1–4 in) in diameter. Their velvety surfaces, initially white to pink, sometimes exude drops of red liquid. The lower surface of the fruit body features white to reddish-brown spines up to 6 mm long. Mature fruit bodies become dark reddish brown in color, and are then difficult to distinguish from other similar Hydnellum species. H. ferrugineum forms a mat of mycelia in the humus and upper soil where it grows. The presence of the fungus changes the characteristics of the soil, making it more podzolized.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Lindborg-Cregg Field
Lindborg-Cregg Memorial Field is a baseball park in the Western United States, located in Missoula, Montana.  With a seating capacity of 2,200 people, it is the home of the Missoula Mavericks, an American Legion team. It was also home to the minor league Missoula Osprey for five seasons, prior to the opening of Ogren Park at Allegiance Field in 2004.

The natural grass field is aligned southwest (home plate to second base) at an approximate elevation of 3,150 feet (960 m) above sea level.

American Legion Baseball
American Legion Baseball is a variety of amateur baseball played by 13-to-19-year-olds in all fifty states in the U.S. and Canada. More than 3,500 teams participate each year. The American Legion Department of South Dakota established the program in 1925 at Milbank, South Dakota.

According to the American Legion, the purpose of American Legion Baseball is to give players "an opportunity to develop their skills, personal fitness, leadership qualities, and to have more fun."
Montelíbano
Montelíbano is a town and municipality located in the Córdoba Department of Colombia.  It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Montelíbano.

Montelíbano is host of one of the largest ferronickel mines, the Cerro Matoso mine. The Company Cerro Matoso S.A. operates the mine site, as well as the associated smelter.

According to 2020 estimates, the population of Montelíbano was 90,450, with a population density of 58 persons per square kilometer.

Córdoba Department
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa], Spanish: Departamento de Córdoba) is a Department of the Republic of Colombia located to the north of this country in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Córdoba faces to the north with the Caribbean Sea, to the northeast with the Sucre Department, east with the Bolívar Department and south with the Antioquia Department. As of 2018, the population of Córdoba was estimated to be 1,784,783. Its capital is the city of Montería.
Victoriano Sánchez Barcáiztegui
Victoriano Sánchez Barcáiztegui Acquaroni (23 April 1826 – 26 May 1875) was a Spanish Navy officer. He played a role in the First Italian War of Independence in 1849 and gained fame in Spain for his performance in the Battle of Callao in 1866. He was killed in action during the Third Carlist War.

Royal Order of Francis I
The Royal Order of Francis I (properly 'The Royal Order of Francis I of the Two Sicilies' Italian: Reale Ordine di Francesco I) was an extinct order of merit of the former Kingdom of the Two Sicilies which was annexed in 1861 by the King of Italy (until 1860 King of Piedmont and Sardinia). It has been revived by Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro, as an award for services to charity and inter-religious understanding and includes a number of non-Roman Catholic statesmen and stateswomen among its membership.
Moneymore, New Zealand
Moneymore is a small farming community in South Otago, New Zealand. It is located 5 kilometres to the southwest of Milton, to the south of SH 1.

Other than farming on the fertile ground of the Tokomairaro Plain, the Moneymore area also has a history of coal mining, associated with the nearby lignite field at Kaitangata.

The farming area was founded by Edward Martin in 1852, who founded Moneymore Farm, named for his birthplace in Moneymore, County Londonderry. At the time, the area was simply known as South Toko, but was formally renamed Moneymore in 1902.

Lignite
Lignite (from Latin  lignum 'wood'), often called brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks.
A. Arunachalam
A. Arunachalam is an Indian politician of the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He served as the Deputy Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2006.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from the Varahur constituency in the 1984 and 2001 elections.

Varahur Assembly constituency
Varahur, also spelled Varagur, is a state assembly constituency in Perambalur district in Tamil Nadu. It is a Scheduled Caste reserved constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Juhani Karhumäki
Eero Urho Juhani Karhumäki (born 1949) is a Finnish mathematician
and theoretical computer scientist known for his contributions to automata theory. He is a professor at the University of Turku in southwestern Finland.

Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland (Finnish: Varsinais-Suomi, IPA: [ˈʋɑrs̠inɑi̯s̠ˌs̠uo̞̯mi]; Swedish: Egentliga Finland) is a region (Finnish: maakunta, Swedish: landskap) of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, Pirkanmaa, Kanta-Häme, Uusimaa, and Åland. The regional capital and most populous city is Turku, which was the capital city of Finland before Helsinki.

The region largely corresponds to the historical province of Finland Proper. Until 2019, its official English name was Finland Proper, a designation still used in Finnish (Varsinais-Suomi) and Swedish (Egentliga Finland).
Gibreab Teferi
Gibreab Teferi Dasta (Amharic: ግብረአብ ተፈሪ ደስታ; 1923 – 15 January 1988), also spelled Gebreab Teferi, was an Ethiopian activist, poet and playwright known for his extensive knowledge of the Ge’ez and Amharic languages.

Gibreab died aged 65 in Addis Ababa. He was one of the early pioneers of Ethiopian music and Theater. He was a poet, lyricist, and playwright who wrote over two-hundred songs, dozen plays, and hundreds of poems in the Amharic language. Gibreab's patriotism as can be seen in many of his songs and plays. He also worked as a journalist, author, musician, composer and theater director. He wrote several unpublished plays, thousands of songs, and was in the process of publishing a book of plays and poems when he died in 1988. He also served in the Imperial Army (Amharic: ˈክቡር ዘበኛ), rising to the rank of Shalaqa-Basha and was the primary Amharic lyricist for the Ras Band in the Ras Hotel, eventually becoming management there, where he worked until retirement.

St. George's Cathedral, Addis Ababa
Saint George's Cathedral (Amharic: የቅዱስ ጊዮርጊስ ካቴድራል) is an Ethiopian Orthodox church in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The cathedral is noted for its distinctive octagonal form. It is located at the northern end of Churchill Road in the city.
Lugny-Bourbonnais
Lugny-Bourbonnais (French pronunciation: [lyɲi buʁbɔnɛ]) is a former commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France by the banks of the river Airain about 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Bourges. On 1 January 2024, it was merged into the commune of Osmery.

Bourges
Bourges (/bʊərʒ/ BOORZH; French: [buʁʒ] ⓘ; Borges in Berrichon) is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre. It is the capital of the department of Cher, and also was the capital city of the former province of Berry. It is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.
Riverdale, Chicago
Riverdale is one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago, Illinois and is located
on the city's far south side.

As originally designated by the Social Science Research Committee at the University of Chicago and officially adopted by the City of Chicago, the Riverdale community area extends from 115th Street south to the city boundary at 138th Street and from the Illinois Central Railroad tracks east to the Bishop Ford Freeway.

Port of Chicago
The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities on Lake Michigan within the city of Chicago, Illinois, operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District). It is a multimodal facility featuring Senator Dan Dougherty Harbor (Lake Calumet), the Iroquois Landing Lakefront Terminus, and Harborside International Golf Center. The central element of the Port District, Calumet Harbor, is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

The modern Port of Chicago links inland canal and river systems in the Midwestern United States to the Great Lakes, giving the global shipping market access to the St. Lawrence Seaway and linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico by way of the Illinois Waterway and the Mississippi River.
Ohre
The Ohre (German pronunciation: [ˈoːʁə] ⓘ) is a river in northern Germany, left tributary to the Elbe. Its total length is 103 kilometres (64 mi). Its source is north of Wolfsburg, in Lower Saxony. It flows generally south-east, at first following the border of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. After Buchhorst it flows completely through Saxony-Anhalt, along the Mittellandkanal. It flows into the Elbe in Rogätz, north of Magdeburg. The towns Brome, Calvörde, Haldensleben and Wolmirstedt lie along the river. The upper course of the Ohre is in the Drömling nature reserve.

Between the end of the Second World War and German reunification, the Ohre separated East from West Germany and so formed part of the Inner German border.

Mittelland Canal
52°25′16″N 9°42′4″E﻿ / ﻿52.42111°N 9.70111°E﻿ / 52.42111; 9.70111

The Mittelland Canal, also known as the Midland Canal, (German: Mittellandkanal, German: [ˈmɪtl̩lantkaˌnaːl] ⓘ) is a major canal in central Germany. It forms an important link in the waterway network of the country, providing the principal east-west inland waterway connection. Its significance goes beyond Germany as it links France, Switzerland and the Benelux countries with Poland, the Czech Republic and the Baltic Sea.

At 325.7 kilometres (202.4 mi) in length, the Mittelland Canal is the longest artificial waterway in Germany.
Downtown Vermillion Historic District
Downtown Vermillion Historic District is a historic district in downtown Vermillion, South Dakota, consisting of 34 contributing buildings all constructed between 1880 and 1942. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 and reflects a period of substantial economic growth in Vermillion, as well as for its representation of late 19th and early 20th century architectural styles.

Lintel
A lintel  or lintol is a type of beam (a horizontal structural element) that spans openings such as  portals, doors, windows and fireplaces. It can be a decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented/structural item. In the case of windows, the bottom span is referred to as a sill, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a load to ensure the integrity of the wall.
Modern-day lintels may be made using prestressed concrete and are also referred to as beams in beam-and-block slabs or as ribs in rib-and-block slabs. These prestressed concrete lintels and blocks can serve as components that are packed together and propped to form a suspended-floor concrete slab.

An arch functions as a curved lintel.
Fordyce–Ricks House Historic District
The Fordyce–Ricks House Historic District encompasses a locally rare collection of Adirondack Architecture structures located at 1501 Park Avenue in Hot Springs, Arkansas.  The district encompasses 37 acres (15 ha) of land that originally belonged to Samuel W. Fordyce, a prominent railroad executive who had a major role in promoting and developing Hot Springs as a resort community.  The district includes a 1+1⁄2-story octagonal log house, three outbuildings, and a landscaped rustic environment.  20 acres (8.1 ha) of the former estate are now a part of Hot Springs National Park.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Water wheel

Water flowing over a dam

Samuel W. Fordyce
Samuel Wesley "Colonel" Fordyce (February 7, 1840 – August 3, 1919) was a prominent railroad executive of the American South.  He served on several boards of directors and as president of a few railroads.  Fordyce was also the receiver for several railroads when they declared bankruptcy.
Dustin Jinka
Dustin Jinka (born 28 April 1986) is a South African former professional rugby union player whose regular position was scrum-half. In 2016, Jinka became the head coach of Swedish Allsvenskan side Hammarby.

Hammarby IF Rugby
Hammarby IF Rugby is an amateur Swedish rugby union team founded in 2000, currently competing in the Allsvenskan (Top Swedish league).

In this short period, the club has produced a number of Swedish national team players in both the XV team as well as in Sevens.

Notable players include Kanogo Njuru, an outside centre, who in the year 2002 played for the Barbarians.