hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phulchand Sethi
Phulchand Sethi (November 1911 – 2 October 1976) was a social worker, philanthropist and businessman from Dimapur, Nagaland in Northeast India. He was amongst the first proponents of Jainism in Nagaland. He was awarded the Commendation Certificate by the Governor of Nagaland, Lallan Prasad Singh, on 15 August 1975 for Social and Humanitarian activities. In 1959, he established the Dimapur Chamber of Commerce. Sethi could speak many local dialects such as Angami, Sümi, Lotha, Kuki, Manipuri and Assamese. He died on 2 October 1976 in Dimapur.

Lotha language
The Lotha language is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by approximately 180,000 people in Wokha district of west-central Nagaland, India. It is centered in the small district of Wokha (capital Wokha). This district has more than 114 villages such as Pangti, Maraju (Merapani), Englan, Baghty (Pakti) and others, where the language is widely spoken and studied.
Castle Rock (Alaska)
Castle Rock is an island in Alaska in the United States. It is one of the Shumagin Islands.  Castle Rock is in Aleutians East Borough, and is located off the south coast of the Alaska Peninsula at 55.27917° North Latitude 159.49944° West Longitude. A Barnegat-class seaplane tender, the USS Castle Rock (AVP-35), was named for the island.

Barnegat-class seaplane tender
The Barnegat class was a large class of United States Navy small seaplane tenders (AVP) built during World War II. Thirty were completed as seaplane tenders, four as motor torpedo boat tenders, and one as a catapult training ship.
Egidio Boccanegra
Egidio Boccanegra was the brother of Simone Boccanegra, the first Doge of Genoa.  In 1340 Egidio led a force of Genoese troops in the service of Philip VI of France in sea Battle of Sluys. Despite the almost total defeat of the French fleet in this battle, Egidio was able to withdraw his flotilla almost unscathed and then entered service the service of Alfonso XI of Castile in a war against Moroccan troops. The following year, Peter IV of Aragon appointed Egidio his admiral.

Boccanegra was executed in Seville in 1367 because of his support for Henry II of Castile.

Henry II of Castile
Henry II (13 January 1334 – 29 May 1379), called Henry of Trastámara or the Fratricidal (el Fratricida), was the first King of Castile and León from the House of Trastámara. He became king in 1369 by defeating his half-brother Peter the Cruel, after numerous rebellions and battles. As king he was involved in the Fernandine Wars and the Hundred Years' War.
Tantillita lintoni
Tantillita lintoni, also known commonly as the brown dwarf short-tailed snake, Linton's dwarf short-tail snake, and la culebrita enana de Linton in Spanish, is a species of snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to southeastern Mexico and Central America. There are two recognized subspecies

Colubrinae
The Colubrinae are a subfamily of snakes within the family Colubridae. It includes numerous genera, and although taxonomic sources often disagree on the exact number, the Reptile Database lists 717 species in 92 genera as of September 2019. It is the second largest subfamily of colubrids, after Dipsadinae. Many of the most commonly known snakes are members of this subfamily, including rat snakes, king snakes, milk snakes, vine snakes, and indigo snakes.
Michael A. Santoro
Michael Anthony Santoro is a business ethicist and professor in the Department of Management and Entrepreneurship at the Leavey School of Business, Santa Clara University. He has been recognized for his interdisciplinary work in business ethics, technology ethics, and public policy.

He has served as an expert witness in corporate governance cases over the past two decades, including the Merck VIOXX litigation, which was described by the New York Times as a potentially significant event in corporate governance.

Santoro has written and offered public comments on business and human rights, corporate social responsibility and human rights in China, pharmaceutical industry ethics, and Wall Street ethics and the ethics of Artificial Intelligence.

SCU Leavey School of Business
The SCU Leavey School of Business is one of the professional schools at Santa Clara University, a private academic institution in the heart of Silicon Valley (Santa Clara). The School of Business was founded in 1923 and accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business thirty years later. Located in the heart of Silicon Valley, the Leavey School of Business provides undergraduate, graduate, and executive education.
Jharkal
Jharkil is a village and one of the 45 Union Councils (administrative subdivisions) of Khushab District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is located at 31°48'0N 71°49'60E and located 13 kilometers toward south from Noorpur Thal city.

Jharkil consists of several small villages, including Jharkil, Meikin, Jara, Nawan Saggu, Katimar, Sidha and Nikro Shaheed. Saggu, Jara, Khara, Chuhan, Aura, Bhutto, Harral, Balooch, Lohaar, Ghahi and Dhoda are major castes in the Union.

Khushab District
Khushab District (Punjabi: ضِلع خُوشاب) is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, with its administrative capital in Jauharabad. The district is named after the historical city of Khushab.

The district consists of four tehsils: Khushab, Noorpur Thal, Quaidabad and Naushera. Khushab is home to the Heavy Water and Natural Uranium Research Reactor, part of Pakistan's Special Weapons Program.
District Khushab shares boundaries with the districts of Sargodha, Jhelum, Chakwal, Mianwali, Bhakkar and Jhang.
At Ease
At Ease was an alternative to the Macintosh desktop developed by Apple Computer in the early 1990s for the classic Mac OS. It provided a simple environment for new Macintosh users and young children to help them to work without supervision. At Ease replaces the Finder desktop, providing a simple tabbed panel-oriented graphical user interface in which applications and documents are represented by icons on large buttons. Aside from its security features, its interface and basic functionality is very similar to the Packard Bell Navigator.

Icon (computing)
In computing, an icon is a graphic symbol displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate a computer system. It may also be a hardware icon. It can serve as an electronic hyperlink or file shortcut to access the program or data. The user can activate an icon using a mouse, pointer, finger, or voice commands. Their placement on the screen, also in relation to other icons, may provide further information to the user about their usage. In activating an icon, the user can move directly into and out of the identified function without knowing anything further about the location or requirements of the file or code.

Icons as parts of the graphical user interface of a computer system, in conjunction with windows, menus and a pointing device (mouse), belong to the much larger topic of the history of the graphical user interface that has largely supplanted the text-based interface for casual use.
Jin Zhipeng
Jin Zhipeng is a Chinese swimmer. He won a gold medal at the Men's 50 metre breaststroke SB3 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics with a world record and paralympic record of 47.54. He also won a silver medal at the Men's 100 metre freestyle S4 event with 1:26.05, another silver medal at the Men's 150 metre individual medley SM4 event with 2:26.91 and a bronze medal at the Men's 200 metre freestyle S4 event with 3:03.94.

Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 50 metre breaststroke SB3
The Men's 50 metre breaststroke SB3 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 14 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Two heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.
Elvin (surname)
Elvin is a surname, as is Elvins. Notable people with these surnames include:

Elvin

Sir Arthur Elvin MBE (1899–1957), British businessman

George Elvin (1907–1984), British trade unionist

Herbert Henry Elvin (1874–1949), British trade unionist

Joe Elvin (1862–1935), English comedian and music hall entertainer

Lionel Elvin (1905–2005), British educationist

Mark Elvin (1938–2023), English and Australian academic

Suryakumari Elvin (1925–2005), Indian singer, actress, and dancer

Violetta Elvin (1923–2021), Russian-British prima ballerina and actress

Elvins

Harold Elvins (1878–1943), Australian pianist

Mark Elvins (1939–2014), Catholic Warden of Greyfriars, Oxford

Rob Elvins (born 1986), English professional footballer

Mark Elvin
John Mark Dutton Elvin FAHA (18 August 1938 – 6 December 2023) was an English and Australian academic. A professor emeritus of Chinese history at Australian National University, he specialised in the late imperial period. He was also emeritus fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford.
Nil by Mouth (charity)
Nil By Mouth is a Scottish charity, established in 2000, which seeks to challenge sectarianism within Scottish Society.

Nil By Mouth was founded as a campaign by Cara Henderson in response to the sectarian murder of her school friend, Mark Scott. Nil By Mouth's purpose is to promote the elimination of Sectarian attitudes and behaviours in Scotland with a view to the advancement of greater understanding and respect.

Nil By Mouth currently delivers inputs to schools, colleges and workplaces on issues surrounding sectarianism, including sectarian language and online hatred. The charity also appears regularly in the media to provide informed comment and analysis of incidents, policy decisions and to promote their own campaigns.

Workplace
A workplace is a location where someone works, for their employer or themselves; a place of employment. Such a place can range from a home office to a large office building or factory. For industrialized societies, the workplace is one of the most important social spaces other than the home, constituting "a central concept for several entities: the worker and [their] family, the employing organization, the customers of the organization, and the society as a whole". The development of new communication technologies has led to the development of the virtual workplace and remote work.
Pukara (Sandia)
Pukara (Quechua for fortress, Hispanicized spelling Pucara) is a  mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,200-metre (13,800 ft) high, with an archaeological site on top. It is located in the Puno Region, Sandia Province, Patambuco District, southwest of Patambuco. The pre-Inca funerary  site is also known as Trinchera (Spanish for trench). The place was declared a National Cultural Heritage by Resolución Directoral Nacional No. 296/INC-2003 by the National Institute of Culture. It consists of tombs, walls, houses, squares and tunnels.

Ministry of Culture (Peru)
The Ministry of Culture (Spanish: Ministerio de Cultura, MINCUL) is the government ministry of Peru in charge of the promotion of Peruvian culture and identity. It was created on 20 July 2010, during the Second presidency of Alan García. It replaced the National Institute of Culture (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, INC), with Juan Ossio Acuña serving as its inaugural minister after his appointment on 4 September 2010.

As of 2025, the culture minister is Fabricio Valencia
Fudge
Fudge is a confection made by mixing sugar, butter, and milk. Modern fudge has its origins in the 19th century United States, and became popular in American women's colleges late in the century. Fudge can come in a variety of flavorings depending on the region or country it was made; popular flavors include fruit, nut, chocolate, and caramel. Fudge is often bought as a gift from a gift shop in tourist areas and attractions.

Caramel
Caramel (/ˈkærəˌmɛl/, /ˈkærəməl/ or (US) /ˈkɑːrməl/) is a range of food ingredients made by heating sugars to high temperatures. It is used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons or candy bars, as a topping for ice cream and custard, and as a colorant commonly used in drinks.

The process of caramelization primarily consists of heating sugars slowly to around 170 °C (340 °F). As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic colour and flavour.

A variety of sweets, desserts, toppings, and confections are made with caramel, including tres leches cake, brittles, nougats, pralines, flan, crème brûlée, crème caramel, and caramel apples. Ice creams are sometimes flavored with or contain swirls of caramel.
Bitonic tour
In computational geometry, a bitonic tour of a set of point sites in the Euclidean plane is a closed polygonal chain that has each site as one of its vertices, such that any vertical line crosses the chain at most twice.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Fluid Operations
The German software company fluid Operations AG (fluidOps) was founded in 2008, and specializes in cloud management and semantic technology. Fluid Operations' product portfolio includes the semantic integration platform Information Workbench and eCloudManager. Additionally, fluid Operations offers an open source software, the VMFS Driver. In 2018 fluidOps was acquired by Veritas Technologies.

Semantic technology
The ultimate goal of semantic technology is to help machines understand data. Well-known technologies that enable the encoding of semantics in data include the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the Web Ontology Language (OWL). These technologies formally represent the meaning involved in information. For example, ontology can describe concepts, relationships between things, and categories of things. Embedding semantics in data offers significant advantages, such as enabling reasoning over data and dealing with heterogeneous data sources.
The Commitments (musical)
The Commitments, also called The Commitments: The Saviours of Soul, is a jukebox musical written by Roddy Doyle, based on the 1987 novel of the same name, also written by Doyle. Like the novel (and its 1991 film adaptation), the musical is about a group of unemployed Irish youths who start a soul music band. It premiered in 2013 at the Palace Theatre in London's West End.

The music within the musical consists of soul and rock & roll classics from the 1950s and 60s, including  "Think", "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone" and "Night Train". The music is entirely diegetic, meaning that all the songs are performed by the band rather than being sung by characters to express an emotion. For that reason, Doyle has insisted that The Commitments is not a jukebox musical.

Think (Aretha Franklin song)
"Think" is a song written by American singer Aretha Franklin and Ted White, and first recorded by Franklin. It was released as a single in 1968, from her Aretha Now album. The song reached No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Franklin's seventh top 10 hit in the United States. The song also reached number 1 on the magazine's Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles, becoming her sixth single to top the chart. Franklin re-recorded the song in the Atlantic Records New York studio for the soundtrack of the 1980 film The Blues Brothers and in 1989 for the album Through the Storm. Pitchfork placed it at number 15 on its list of "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s".

Billboard described the single as a "pulsating swinger with another wild performance" that had a similar feel to "Respect" and which it expected would quickly reach a million sales. Cash Box said it has "wailing lyrics of a hard-luck love affair" and "tremendous rhythmic drive."
Ronald Víctor García
Ronald Víctor García is an American cinematographer and film director. He is known for directing 1970s horror and exploitation films, such as The Toy Box and Inside Amy, as well as his later work on television series, including directing Silk Stalkings, and working as the director of photography on series such as Hawaii Five-0, Numb3rs, Gilmore Girls, and the pilot of Twin Peaks. In 1991, García received the CableACE Award for Direction of Photography for a Dramatic or Theatrical Special/Movie or Miniseries for his work on the film El Diablo. In 1992, he was the cinematographer for the Twin Peaks feature film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. In addition, he received 2 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for other projects and was honored with a lifetime achievement award from the American Society of Cinematographers.

El Diablo (1990 film)
El Diablo is a 1990 American Western comedy television film directed by Peter Markle. It stars Anthony Edwards and Louis Gossett Jr. The film was co-written by Tommy Lee Wallace, John Carpenter and Bill Phillips, and produced by Carpenter and Debra Hill.

El Diablo focuses on Billy Ray Smith (Edwards), a teacher living in Texas, as he tracks down the outlaw El Diablo (Robert Beltran), who has kidnapped one of Smith's students. Along the way, Smith meets up with professional gunfighter Thomas Van Leek (Gossett), who helps him recruit a team to take down the outlaw and save the girl.
Niuatoputapu
Niuatoputapu (The Sacred Niua) is a volcanic island in the island nation of Tonga, Pacific Ocean.  Its highest point is 157 metres (515 ft), and its area is 16 square kilometres (6.2 sq mi). Its name means sacred island. Older  names for the island are Traitors Island or Keppel Island.

Niuatoputapu is located in the north of the Tonga island group, 300 kilometres (190 miles) away from Vavaʻu near the border with Samoa. Its closest neighbours are the small island of Tafahi, which is only 9 km (6 mi) to the north-northeast, and the island of Niuafo'ou. Those three islands together form the administrative division of the Niuas. Niuatoputapu Airport accepts international flights. The population was 719 in 2021. Until several centuries ago, the inhabitants spoke the Niuatoputapu language, but it was replaced by the Tongan language and went extinct. Nevertheless, the variety of Tongan spoken on Niuatoputapu contains elements of Samoan, ʻUvean, and Futunan.

Futunan language
Futunan or Futunian is the Polynesian language spoken on Futuna and nearby Alofi. The term East Futunan is also used to distinguish it from the related West Futunan (Futuna-Aniwa) spoken on the outlier islands of Futuna and Aniwa in Vanuatu.

The language is closely related to other Western Polynesian languages: Fagauvea, Wallisian, Tongan, Samoan, Tokelau, and Niuafoʻou.

It is classified as Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Futunic, Futuna, East.

This language is a member of the diminishing set of native Pacific languages. it is classified as endangered.
Ramalina subfarinacea
Ramalina subfarinacea is a species of lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It was first described by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1872 as Ramalina scopulorum var. subfarinacea. Nylander promoted it to species status in another publication that year.

Ramalina subfarinacea is known to contain both stictic acid and usnic acid.

Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).
Post-YBAs
Post-YBAs refers to British artists emerging in the 2000s after the Young British Artists.

Post-YBA artists include Martin Maloney. Jeremy Deller, Tim Noble and Sue Webster, Mike Nelson, Carey Young, Eva Rothschild, Darren Almond, 
David Thorpe, and Oliver Payne and Nick Relph.

According to Matthew Higgs, Simon Starling's winning of the Turner Prize in 2005 reflected a post-YBA sensibility which is more modestly material and formal than spectacle-driven. Enrico David tapped into a post-YBA vogue for craft. The post-YBA generation has also been associated with neo-conceptual art with a political edge.

Neo-conceptual art
Neo-conceptual art describes art practices in the 1980s and 1990s that emerged from the conceptual art movement of the 1960s and 1970s. These subsequent initiatives included the Moscow Conceptualists, the United States Neo-Conceptual artists, such as Sherrie Levine, and the Young British Artists, such as Damien Hirst.
Tercero Arriba Department
Tercero Arriba Department is a department of Córdoba Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 107,460 inhabitants in an area of 5,187 km2, and its capital city is Oliva, which is located around 620 km from Buenos Aires.

Córdoba Province, Argentina
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north) Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja, and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.

Córdoba is the second-most populous Argentine province, with 3,978,984 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, Córdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.
Kitty Fisher
Catherine Maria Fischer (1 June 1741 – 10 March 1767), better known as Kitty Fisher, was an English courtesan. From her teenage years onward, Fisher developed a carefully molded public image, which was enhanced by acknowledgement from Sir Joshua Reynolds and other artists. By emphasizing Fisher's beauty, audacity, and charm, portraits of her, along with newspaper and magazine articles promoted her reputation, prompting spectators to view her with awe. She was one of the world's first celebrities who was not famous for being an actress, musician, or member of the royalty, but simply for being famous. Her life exemplifies the emergence of mass media publishing and fame in an era when capitalism, commercialism, global markets, and rising emphasis on public opinion were transforming England.

Giustiniana Wynne
Giustiniana Wynne, Countess Rosenberg-Orsini (21 January 1737 – 22 August 1791) was a Venetian writer. She features in the memoirs of Casanova and had a long secret love affair with Andrea Memmo, one of the last statesmen of the Venetian Republic.