hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aspatria Agricultural College
The Aspatria Agricultural College was a seat of learning located in Aspatria, Cumberland, England. Established in 1874, it was the second educational institution of its kind in the United Kingdom. It was unique in many respects, being devised, continuously revised, founded and funded by a small group of ordinary individuals. Although these rural gentlemen came from all shades of the political spectrum, they were men who combined across party lines and prejudices to promote an ideal. The College offered both two- and three-year courses in scientific and theoretical instruction along with practical work for both day or boarding students. It provided a wide range of academic agricultural related subjects integrated with traditional scientific subjects, including Business, Construction, Real Estate, Land Management and Dairy instruction. The College closed at the outset of the First World War and never re-opened.

Fives
Fives (historically known as hand-tennis) is an English handball sport derived from jeu de paume, similar to the games of handball, Basque pelota, and squash. The game is played in both singles and doubles teams, in an either three- or four-sided court.
Brian Castaño
Brian Carlos Castaño (born 12 September 1989) is an Argentine professional boxer. He held the WBO light middleweight title between 2021 and 2022 and previously held the WBA interim light middleweight title from 2016 to 2018, and the WBA (Regular) light middleweight title from 2018 to 2019.

Cédric Vitu
Cédric Vitu (born August 18, 1985) is a French professional boxer. He held the European light middleweight title between 2015 and 2017, the European Union light middleweight title between 2011 and 2012, and challenged for the WBA light middleweight title in 2018.
Eurasian Youth Union
The Eurasian Youth Union (ESM; Russian: Евразийский союз молодёжи; ЕСМ; Yevraziyskiy soyuz molodozhi, YeSM) is a Russian Eurasianist political organization, the youth wing of the Eurasia Party headed by Aleksandr Dugin. The organization has branches in several countries. In 2011, the Government of Ukraine has branded the ESM as an extremist anti-Ukrainian organization, convicted of a string of vandalism offenses and banned it in Ukraine.

Youth wing
A youth wing is a subsidiary, autonomous, or independently allied front of a larger organization (usually a political party but occasionally another type of organization) that is formed in order to rally support for that organization from members and potential members of a younger age, as well as to focus on subjects and issues more widely relevant among that organization's youth. Youth wings may also be discussion forums for younger members and supporters of the organization to debate policy and ideology.
Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.

Cortex (anatomy)
In anatomy and zoology, the cortex (pl.: cortices) is the outermost, otherwise known as superficial, layer of an organ. Organs with well-defined cortical layers include kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries, the thymus, and portions of the brain, including the cerebral cortex, the best-known of all cortices.
Another Country (2015 film)
Another Country is a 2015 documentary film about the intersection of traditional Australian Aboriginal culture and modern Australian culture. It features actor David Gulpilil narrating a story about his home community of Ramininging in the Northern Territory.

Australian Aboriginal culture
Australian Aboriginal culture includes a number of practices and 
ceremonies centred on a belief in the Dreamtime and other mythology. Reverence and respect for the land and oral traditions are emphasised. The words "law" and "lore", the latter relating to the customs and stories passed down through the generations,  are commonly used interchangeably.  Learned from childhood, lore dictates the rules on how to interact with the land, kinship and community.

Over 300 languages and other groupings have developed a wide range of individual cultures.  Aboriginal art has existed for thousands of years and ranges from ancient rock art to modern watercolour landscapes. Traditional Aboriginal music developed a number of unique instruments, and contemporary Aboriginal music spans many genres. Aboriginal peoples did not develop a system of writing before colonisation, but there was a huge variety of languages, including sign languages.
Eutropius of Saintes
Saint Eutropius of Saintes (French: Saint Eutrope) is venerated as the first bishop of Saintes, France.  According to tradition, he was a Roman or a Persian of royal descent who was sent to evangelize Gaul either by Saint Clement in the 1st century or by Pope Fabian in the 250s as a companion of Saint Denis.

He lived as a hermit near Saintes and converted to Christianity the governor's daughter, Saint Eustella or Eustelle.  According to tradition, the governor was so enraged by his daughter's conversion that he had both her and Eutropius killed.  Eutropius was killed by having his head split open with an axe.

Gregory of Tours mentions the tradition of Eutropius’ martyrdom in his work, but also notes that before Bishop Palladius of Saintes translated Eutropius’ relics around 590 to the Romanesque church of St. Eutropius in Saintes, no one really knew the legend of Eutropius.  In the 6th century, the poet Venantius Fortunatus refers to Eutropius in connection with Saintes.

Venantius Fortunatus
Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus (c. 530 – c. 600/609 AD; French: Venance Fortunat), known as Saint Venantius Fortunatus (/vəˈnænʃəs ˌfɔːrtjəˈneɪtəs/, Latin: [weːˈnantɪ.ʊs fɔrtuːˈnaːtʊs]), was a Latin poet and hymnographer in the Merovingian Court, and a Christian bishop who has been venerated since the Middle Ages.
Pavan (given name)
Pavan is a given name. Notable people with this name include:

Pavan Duggal, Indian advocate in cyberlaw and e-commerce law

Pavan Malhotra, Hindi film and television actor

Pavan Ramdya (born 1979), American neuroscientist and bioengineer

Pavan Malhotra
Pavan Malhotra (born 2 July 1958) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films and television alongside Punjabi and few Telugu  films. 
He has received several awards including a Filmfare OTT Award and a Filmfare Award South.

He has played lead roles in Buddhadeb Dasgupta's National Film Award-winning Bagh Bahadur and Saeed Akhtar Mirza's Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro, both released in 1989. He is known for his role as Irfan Khan in the Telugu film Aithe (2003) and in his acclaimed role of Tiger Memon in Black Friday (2004). In 2005, he acted in the Telugu movie Anukokunda Oka Roju as a Tantrik. He gained further acclaimed in SonyLIV's web series Tabbar (2021). He won National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor at 70th National Film Awards for the Haryanvi language-film Fouja (2023).
Recreational Aviation Foundation
The Recreational Aviation Foundation (RAF) is a US charitable organization advocating for the preservation and creation of airstrips for recreational aviation. The Recreational Aviation Foundation uses tax-deductible donations to identify new areas for airstrips, assists in funding the construction of new airstrips, and promotes recreational aviation and airstrips as a legitimate usage of public land to secure further funding. The Recreational Aviation Foundation maintains liaisons and ambassadors in most U.S. states to help lead projects at the local level.

Tax deduction
A tax deduction is an amount deducted from taxable income, usually based on expenses such as those incurred to produce additional income. Tax deductions are a form of tax incentives, along with exemptions and tax credits. The difference between deductions, exemptions, and credits is that deductions and exemptions both reduce taxable income, while credits reduce tax.
Irano-Turanian Region
The Irano-Turanian Region is a floristic region located within the Tethyan Subkingdom of the Holarctic Kingdom. It is divided into 12 floristic provinces according to the work of Armen Takhtajan, a Soviet-Armenian botanist who created a classification system for flowering plants. One of the main characteristics of the region is a great diversity and abundance of species, especially in the Iranian Plateau. The region's climate is predominantly continental, with most of the precipitation occurring in the winter and spring.

Armen Takhtajan
Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Թախտաջյան; Russian: Армен Леонович Тахтаджян; pronounced takh-tuh-JAHN; 10 June 1910 – 13 November 2009), was a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography. His other interests included morphology of flowering plants, paleobotany, and the flora of the Caucasus. He was one of the most influential taxonomists of the latter twentieth century.
Lake Michigan Conference
The Lake Michigan Conference was an interscholastic athletic conference affiliated with the Michigan High School Athletic Association. It was located in Northern Michigan and contained eight teams that encompasses six counties: Antrim County, Charlevoix County, Crawford County, Emmet County, Grand Traverse County, and Kalkaska County.

Kalkaska County, Michigan
Kalkaska County (/kælˈkæskə/ kal-KASS-kə) is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,939. The county seat is Kalkaska.

Kalkaska County is part of the Traverse City metropolitan area. Although it is located in Michigan's Lower Peninsula, Kalkaska County is considered part of Northern Michigan.
Robert Aitken (dermatologist)
Robert Aitken FRSE (1888–1954) was a 20th-century Scottish physician specialising in dermatology and was an expert on lupus vulgaris. He served as president of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts from 1941 to 1944. He was president of the British Association of Dermatologists from 1949 to 1950.

Lupus vulgaris
Lupus vulgaris (also known as tuberculosis luposa) are painful cutaneous tuberculosis skin lesions with nodular appearance, most often on the face around the nose, eyelids, lips, cheeks, ears and neck. It is the most common Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin infection. The lesions may ultimately develop into disfiguring skin ulcers if left untreated.
Princess Superstar Is
Princess Superstar Is is the fourth studio album by American rapper and producer Princess Superstar. It was released in 2001 in the United States via Rapster Records. Audio production was handled by Concetta Kirschner, The Herbaliser, DJ Mighty Mi, Chops, Curtis Curtis, Dart LA, Big Jim Slade, Lenny Lacem, and Mista Sinista. It featured guest appearances from Kool Keith, Beth Orton, J-Zone, Bahamadia, The High & Mighty, and 7even. The album spawned three singles: "Wet! Wet! Wet!", "Bad Babysitter" and "Keith 'N Me". Its lead single, "Bad Babysitter", peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart, number 14 on the Belgian Ultratop 50 Singles, number 38 on the Australian Singles Chart, number 94 on the German Singles Chart.

Chops (music producer)
CHOPS is the stage name of Scott Robert Jung, also known as Scott Chops Jung, an American hip hop producer, rapper and former member of the Asian American Hip-Hop group, the Mountain Brothers. Jung grew up in Philadelphia and has Chinese ancestry.  While with Mountain Brothers, he became known for using a combination of programmed and live instruments in his work, as opposed to sampling the work of others. Since the disbanding of the Mountain Brothers, CHOPS has worked primarily as a producer, with his most high-profile piece being the critically acclaimed 2011 video for Lonely Island entitled "The Creep."
William Wells House
William Wells House, also known as the "Stone House" or "Stonehurst," is a historic home located at Tyler City, Tyler County, West Virginia. It was built about 1801–1804, and is a modest 2-story sandstone residence.  The house is nearly square and has an unusually large interior chimney. A Victorian-style frame addition was built about 1895 at the rear of the house. It is recognized as the county's oldest house. Also located on the property is the family burial ground where Wells' grave marker stands.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Tyler County, West Virginia
Tyler County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,313. Its county seat is Middlebourne. The county was founded in 1814 and is named after John Tyler, Sr., father of President John Tyler.
The Burning (2019 film)
The Burning (Spanish: Antes de la quema) is a 2019 Spanish comedy thriller film directed by Fernando Colomo from a screenplay by Javier Jáuregui which stars Joaquín Núñez, Manuela Velasco, Salva Reina, Maggie Civantos, and Manuel Manquiña. It was billed as a "narco-chirigota".

Fernando Colomo
Fernando Colomo Gómez (born 2 February 1946) is a Spanish film producer, screenwriter and film director. He has also acted in small roles in his own and other's films. He is regarded as the father of the so-called comedia madrileña.
Richard R. McNulty
Richard Robert McNulty was a former United States Navy rear admiral and a former United States Maritime Service vice admiral, was born in Gloucester, Massachusetts, on April 20, 1899, and died in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 1, 1980. The United States Merchant Marine Academy community considers Vice Admiral McNulty, a World War II veteran, who had long advocated for the academy's creation, its "Father". The academy's McNulty Campus is named for the vice admiral. He served as the academy's 3rd superintendent. Vice Admiral McNulty was, too, a professor emeritus at Georgetown University.

United States Maritime Service
The United States Maritime Service (USMS) was established in 1938 under the provisions of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 as voluntary training organization to train individuals to become officers and crew members on merchant ships that form the United States Merchant Marine per 46 U.S.C. § 51701.  Heavily utilized during World War II, the USMS was largely dissolved in 1954, and its resources were absorbed into other federal departments. However, while the service is no longer structurally organized, remnants of the service still exist today and the service still actively commission officers to fill the ranks of the U.S. Navy Strategic Sealift Officer corps and to function as administrators and instructors at the United States Merchant Marine Academy and the state maritime academies.
Delphi, Washington
Delphi is an unincorporated community in Thurston County, in the U.S. state of Washington. The community is located west of Tumwater and Black Lake; the town of Littlerock lies to the south. The name Delphi denotes "place of the Gods".

Tumwater, Washington
Tumwater is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The population was 25,350 at the 2020 census. The city is situated near where the Deschutes River enters Budd Inlet, the southernmost point of Puget Sound; it also borders the state capital of Olympia to the north. Tumwater is the oldest permanent Anglo-American settlement on Puget Sound. The city is the southern gateway to the wider Seattle/Tacoma urban area, which stretches from Tumwater to Marysville along the Interstate 5 corridor.
Hugo Haak
Hugo Haak (born 29 October 1991) is a Dutch track cyclist and revered coach. He represented his nation at the 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. At the 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships he won the silver medal in the team sprint. At the 2015 UEC European Track Championships he became European Champion in the team sprint. Haak is a five time Dutch National Champion: twice in the individual time trial, once in keirin, individual sprint and team sprint.

2011 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2011 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was the World Championships for track cycling in 2011. The championships took place at the Omnisport Apeldoorn in Apeldoorn, Netherlands from 23 to 27 March 2011. In January 2012 it was announced that Grégory Baugé's results in the Sprint and Team Sprint competitions would be nullified.

The championships were dominated by the rivalry between Australia and Great Britain, who shared 10 of the 19 gold medals available between them, including in eight of the ten Olympic events.
Elkwater, West Virginia
Elkwater is an unincorporated community in Randolph County, West Virginia, United States. Elkwater is located on U.S. Route 219 and West Virginia Route 55 along the Tygart Valley River, 5.6 miles (9.0 km) south-southwest of Huttonsville.

The community takes its name from nearby Elkwater Fork creek.

U.S. Route 219 in West Virginia
U.S. Route 219 (US 219) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Rich Creek, Virginia, to West Seneca, New York. In the U.S. state of West Virginia, the U.S. Highway travels from the Virginia state line near Peterstown to the Maryland state line near Silver Lake.
Papamoa Hills Regional Park
Papamoa Hills Regional Park is a protected area in the Bay of Plenty Region, owned and managed by Bay of Plenty Regional Council. It is located between Papamoa and Te Puke, on Poplar Lane off State Highway 2.

It covers 135 hectares of native bush and open farmland. The landscape consists of steep hills, reaching to a summit of 224 metres with sweeping views of the Bay of Plenty coastline from the Coromandel Peninsula to East Cape.

The area is a traditional home for where Papamoa’s original Māori inhabitants, including Waitaha, Ngā Pōtiki, Ngāti Pūkenga and Ngāti He. Its traditional Māori name is Te Rae o Pāpāmoa, translating roughly as "the forehead of the woman who is the hills".

Ngāti Pūkenga
Ngāti Pūkenga is a Māori iwi centred in Tauranga in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand. Its rohe (tribal area) extends to Mayor Island / Tuhua and Waihi in the north, to the Kaimai Range in the west, south of Te Puke and to Maketu in the east, and it has tribal holdings in Whangārei, Hauraki and Maketu.

Ngāti Pūkenga is part of the Tauranga Moana iwi group, which also includes Ngāi Te Rangi and Ngāti Ranginui. The three iwi all consider Mauao (Mt Maunganui) sacred and share many things in common. Collectively, the iwi are seeking compensation from the New Zealand Government for their losses from the New Zealand Wars but are yet to seek a settlement.
Great Privilege
The Great Privilege was an instrument signed by Mary of Burgundy on 11 February 1477, only five weeks after she became Duchess, which reconfirmed a number of privileges to the States General of the Netherlands. Under this agreement, the provinces and towns of Flanders, Brabant, Hainaut, and Holland recovered all the local and communal rights which had been abolished by certain decrees of the preceding dukes of Burgundy Charles the Bold and Philip the Good in their efforts to create a centralised state on the French model out of their separate holdings in the Low Countries. The Great Privilege thus secured, at least for a time, certain democratic and legal rights—to local governments, of local governance, to local (Dutch) language, and to certain legal protections—for those living in the constituent states of Mary's territory.

County of Holland
52°09′48″N 4°32′12″E﻿ / ﻿52.16325°N 4.53678°E﻿ / 52.16325; 4.53678

The County of Holland was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from its inception until 1433. From 1433 onward it was part of the Burgundian Netherlands, from 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands and from 1581 onward the leading province of the Dutch Republic until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. The territory of the County of Holland corresponds roughly with the current provinces of North Holland and South Holland in the Netherlands.

The County of Holland was the first Holy Roman county in the area to reach a substantial level of economic, cultural, military, and technological development, having had time to undergo this development before the area became classed as a county.
Taqsim
Taqsim (Arabic: تَقْسِيم / ALA-LC: taqsīm, Sorani Kurdish: تەقسیم, Greek: ταξίμι, romanized: taksimi, Turkish: taksim) is a melodic musical improvisation that usually precedes the performance of a traditional Arabic, Kurdish, Greek, Middle Eastern, Iranian, Azerbaijani or Turkish musical composition.

Taqsim traditionally follows a certain melodic progression. Starting from the tonic of a particular Arabic maqam (or a Turkish makam), the first few measures of the improvisation remain in the lower ajnas of the maqam, thereby introducing the maqam to the listener. After this introduction, the performer is free to move anywhere in the maqam, and even to modulate to other maqams as long as they return to the original one.

Taqsim is either a solo instrument performance, or one that is backed by a percussionist or other instrumentalist playing a drone on the tonic of the maqam.

Music of Iran
The music of Iran encompasses music produced by Iranian artists. In addition to the traditional folk and classical genres, it also includes pop and internationally celebrated styles such as jazz, rock, and hip hop.

Iranian music influenced other cultures in West Asia, building up much of the musical terminology of the neighboring Turkic and Arabic cultures, and reached India through the 16th-century Persianate Mughal Empire, whose court promoted new musical forms by bringing Iranian musicians.
Freeman House (Gates, North Carolina)
Freeman House, also known as The Stateline House, is a historic home located on the North Carolina-Virginia state line near Gates, Gates County, North Carolina, USA. The house was built in three building phases, the earliest perhaps dating to the late-18th century.  The farmhouse was initially built following the basic early-Federal-style one-room plan, followed by the addition of a late-Federal-style two-story side-hall-plan, which was finally enlarged and converted in the mid-19th century to a more substantial Greek Revival style, center-hall-plan dwelling. The main section is a two-story, five-bay, frame structure. Also on the property are the contributing smokehouse, a kitchen with exterior end chimney, a one-story tack house with an attached wood shed, a small, unidentified shed, two large barns, and a stable.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Skidegate
Skidegate /ˈskɪdɪɡɪt/  (Haida: Hlg̱aagilda) is a Haida community in Haida Gwaii in British Columbia, Canada. It is on the southeast coast of Graham Island, the largest island in the archipelago, and is approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of mainland British Columbia across Hecate Strait.

Skidegate, which is on Skidegate Indian Reserve No. 1 and was formerly home to the Skidegate Mission is also the northern terminal for the BC Ferries service between Graham Island and Alliford Bay on Moresby Island.

Hecate Strait
Hecate Strait (/ˈhɛkɪt/; Haida language: K̲andaliig̲wii, also siigaay which means simply "ocean") is a wide but shallow strait between Haida Gwaii and the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It merges with Queen Charlotte Sound to the south and Dixon Entrance to the north. About 140 kilometres (87 mi) wide at its southern end, Hecate Strait narrows in the north to about 48 kilometres (30 mi). It is about 260 kilometres (160 mi) in length.