hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stereotypes of Argentines
Stereotypes of Argentines are generalizations about Argentines that may or may not reflect reality. Stereotypes associated with Argentines vary from country to country depending on the prevalent stereotype in each culture.

In Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, Argentines are stereotyped as arrogant, proud, narcissistic and racist. To this Argentines are also known for being gossipy, full of grandeur, liars (chantas), envious, quick and exaggerated in Uruguay. In addition to the above, Argentines have also been labeled as lazy, vain, and pedantic, but also kind and carefree, in scientific polls.

In some Spanish-speaking countries (such as Spain, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru), Argentines are stereotyped as passionate –though somewhat coarse– as well as noble, honest, and kind.

In Europe, Argentines have also been suggested to consume large quatities of meat, be overly concerned with football and to belong to a country of beautiful women.

Narcissism
Narcissism is a self-centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs, often at the expense of others. Named after the Greek mythological figure Narcissus who fell in love with his own reflection, narcissism has evolved into a psychological concept studied extensively since the early 20th century, and it has been deemed highly relevant in various societal domains.

Narcissism exists on a continuum that ranges from normal to abnormal personality expression. While many psychologists believe that a moderate degree of narcissism is normal and healthy in humans, there are also more extreme forms, observable particularly in people who have a personality condition like narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), where one's narcissistic qualities become pathological, leading to functional impairment and psychosocial disability. It has also been discussed in dark triad studies, along with subclinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism.
Oleksiy Kuznetsov
Oleksiy Kuznetsov (Ukrainian: Олексій Кузнєцов) (born 28 May 1991 in Makiivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine) is the winner of the first season (2009–2010) of the Ukrainian X Factor. He competed in the Under 25 category and was mentored by judge Yolka. He won ₴2 million in cash prizes, as well as a musical contract with Sony Music Russia, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.

His name is alternatively translated Olexiy, Alexey, Alexei and last name Kuznecov. He studied music at the Donetsk Musical College, an academic school of singing, specializing in vocals. He also worked in the Donetsk National Academic Theater of Opera and Ballet. He is also a sportsman and boxer.

Makiivka
Makiivka (Ukrainian: Макіївка, IPA: [mɐˈkijiu̯kɐ] ⓘ, Russian: Макеевка, romanized: Makeyevka), formerly Dmytriivsk (Ukrainian: Дмитріївськ) until 1931, is an industrial city in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine, located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) east from Donetsk. The two cities are practically a conurbation. It has a population of 338,968 (2022 estimate). It hosts the administration of Makiivka urban hromada.

Makiivka is a metallurgical and coal-mining centre of the Donets Basin, with heavy industry and coking plants supporting the local steel and coal industries. The city was captured by pro-Russian separatists in 2014 at the start of the war in Donbas and is currently occupied by Russia.
Cold Spring Township, Pennsylvania
Cold Spring Township is a township in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Lebanon, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 52 at the 2010 census.

Almost all of the township is part of the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 211.  There are about twelve houses near Second Mountain. The single road - Gold Mine Road - is state-maintained. There are no local municipal taxes, no water, sewage, or road departments, no municipal building, and no public officials. There has apparently been no local government "since 1961, according to newspaper records, when folks just stopped running for office."

Three small settlements, Ellendale, Rausch Gap and a resort town named Cold Spring, once had a population of about 2,000 total, but no longer exist.  The Cold Spring resort closed about 1900.

The Appalachian Trail runs through Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 211, and south of the township, in Swatara State Park.

Pennsylvania State Game Lands
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands (SGL) are lands managed by the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) for hunting, trapping, and fishing. These lands, often not usable for farming or development, are donated to the PGC or purchased by the PGC with hunting license money.

The Pennsylvania Game Commission runs a monthly publication called the Pennsylvania Game News. This publication features financial and legislative updates from the PGC, stories, and monthly Field Notes submitted by the Wildlife Conservation Officers of the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
Semyon Shurtakov
Semyon Ivanovich Shurtakov (Russian: Семён Иванович Шуртаков; 26 January 1918 — 13 April 2014) was a Soviet Russian writer.

He was born in the village of Kuzminka (now in Sergachsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast). He fought in the Great Patriotic War, serving in the Pacific Fleet. In 1951 he graduated with honors from the Gorky Institute. In 1957 he joined the Union of Writers of the USSR. He wrote more than 30 books of prose and essays, and he was also a talented translator who worked mainly from other languages within the Soviet Union.

Among the literary prizes he won was the Gorky Prize in 1987 for his novel Одолень-трава; he donated the prize money to fund a monument to the martyrs of the Great Patriotic War in his native village of Kuzminka.

He was known for his contributions to children's literature; his work was translated into Bengali by Noni Bhoumik for inclusion in an anthology of children's stories called "Brishti ar Nokkhotro" (The Rain and the Stars).

Sergachsky District
Sergachsky District (Russian: Серга́чский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sergachsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,243.8 square kilometers (480.2 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sergach. Population: 31,296 (2010 Census);  35,779 (2002 Census); 42,588 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sergach accounts for 68.3% of the district's total population.
Cellefrouin
Cellefrouin (French pronunciation: [sɛlfʁuɛ̃]) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. It is the site of the remains of the canonry of Cellefrouin, founded in 1025 by Arnald of Vitabre, bishop of Périgueux.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.
Thu Hà
Thu Ha (born November 6, 1969, in Tuyen Quang) is a Vietnamese actress. In 2013 she was nominated for the Best Actress Award at the 17th National Film Festival for her performance in Nhin Ra Bien Ca (Looking to the Sea).

Demographics of Vietnam
Demographic features of the population of Vietnam include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Ethnic Vietnamese, or the Viet people (known officially as Kinh), mostly live in the lowlands and speak Vietnamese, while other ethnic groups also speak a variety of languages; together, these communities contribute to the country's diverse demographic composition. Originating in northern Vietnam, the Viet gradually pushed southward and make up much of Vietnam's political landscape. A Vietnamese diaspora can also be found worldwide.

Vietnam's population reached just over 100 million in 2023, making it the 15th largest country by population in the world. It is predicted that by 2035, Vietnam will become an aged society.
Government Film and Television Institute
The Government Film & Television Institute, Bangalore (formerly a part of S.J.Polytechnic) is believed to be the first government institute in India to offer technical courses related to films. It is one of the few government film institutes in India. The institute is located at Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru in Karnataka. It is under the Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Karnataka.
The institute offers three-year diploma courses in Cinematography and Sound Recording and Engineering. The diploma certificates are awarded by the Department of Technical Education, Government of Karnataka.

Hesaraghatta Lake
Hesaraghatta Lake is a humanmade reservoir located 18 km to the north-west of Bengaluru in Karnataka state, India. It is a fresh water lake created in the year 1894 across the Arkavathy River to meet the drinking water needs of the city. Sir K. Seshadri Iyer, the then Dewan of erstwhile Mysore state and the then Chief Engineer of Mysuru, M. C. Hutchins, planned to build the scheme called the "Chamarajendra Water Works" to store a three-years' water supply to the city.

This crucial water body is an integral part of the recently declared Hesaraghatta Grasslands Conservation Reserve, enhancing its ecological and biodiversity significance.
Matt Kaplan
Matthew Kaplan (born April 14, 1984) is an American film producer. He is known for producing young adult films including the To All the Boys film series. He is the founder and CEO of Ace Entertainment and former president of Awesomeness Films.

They Came Together
They Came Together is a 2014 American satirical romantic comedy film directed by David Wain and written by Wain and Michael Showalter. The film stars Paul Rudd and Amy Poehler, with supporting roles from Cobie Smulders, Christopher Meloni, Bill Hader, Ellie Kemper, Melanie Lynskey, and Ed Helms.

Joel and Molly, over dinner with couple Kyle and Karen, recount their entire relationship. It is a parody of romantic comedies infused with Showalter and Wain's absurd approach.

The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival, and was released theatrically (with a simultaneous release on iTunes) on June 27, 2014.
Zoran Roje
Zoran Roje (born 7 October 1955) is a Croatian former professional water polo player and coach. As a member of the Yugoslavia national team, he won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Born in Split, he has led the Croatia national team to the silver medal at the 2003 European Championship held in Kranj.

Yugoslavia men's national water polo team
Yugoslavia men's national water polo team was the national water polo team that represented the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1920–1929), the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1941) and the Federal Yugoslavia (1946–1992). They were one of strongest waterpolo teams in history of sport, having won 7 Olympic, 4 World Championship, 5 World Cup and 13 European Championship medals.
2023–24 Bangladesh Women's Football League
The 2023–24 Bangladesh Women's Football League,also known as the UCB Women's Football League 2023–24 due to sponsorship reason. It was the 6th season of the Bangladesh Women's Football League, the top level of women's football in Bangladesh, since its establishment in 2011. The league has been started on 27 April 2024 and concluded on 28 May 2024.

Nasrin Sporting Club is the current title holder, having won 1st title in the 2023–24 edition.

Dhaka Rangers FC Women
Dhaka Rangers Football Club Women (Bengali: ঢাকা রেঞ্জার্স ফুটবল ক্লাব নারী), commonly known as Dhaka Rangers, is a Bangladeshi women's professional football club from Dhaka. They participate in the Bangladesh Women's Football League, the women's premier league in Bangladesh.
Alejandro Ferrant Vázquez
Alejandro Ferrant Vázquez (Madrid, 1897–1976) was a Spanish architect.

Ferrant worked as a monument restorer starting in 1929, within the services provided by the Second Spanish Republic. He was in Asturias, León, Galicia, Cantabria and Zamora, working in the restoration of the Oviedo and Santiago de Compostela cathedrals, also in the colegiata (collegiate church) of Santillana del Mar and the colegiata of Toro. Later his works of restoration were overall in the east part: Catalonia, Valencia and Balearic Islands, namely in the cathedrals of Palma, Lleida, Tarragona and Valencia and also in the monasteries of Ripoll, Santes Creus and Poblet.

During his professional life, he managed to create a large archive of photographs and reports which were donated to the Biblioteca Valenciana. In the College of Architects of Lleida there are more than 24,285 photographs taken between 1932 and 1976.

Palma Cathedral
The Cathedral of Santa Maria of Palma, more commonly referred to as La Seu (a title also used by many other churches), is a Gothic Roman Catholic cathedral located in Palma, Mallorca, Spain. It is the Cathedral of the diocese of Mallorca, and is situated on the seashore of Palma, abutting the city walls and situated between the Royal Palace of La Almudaina and the Episcopal Palace of Mallorca. Its rose window, with a diameter of nearly 14 meters, is the second-largest extant Gothic rose window, while its 44-meter high nave is the eighth-highest in the world.

The site of the cathedral was occupied by a mosque under Muslim rule. Construction on the cathedral began shortly after the reconquest of the island in 1229, and continued into the 17th century. Today, the cathedral is Palma's most popular tourist attraction.
Žibininkai
Žibininkai is a village in Lithuania. It is located in the Kretinga municipality, 4 km northeast of the Baltic Sea resort Palanga.

In the village there is a spacious complex of the brewery "HBH Juozo alus", where visitors can find beer gardens, restaurants, a horse riding centre and a vast playground. According to the 2011 census, the village had 44 residents.

Palanga
Palanga (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Palonga) is a resort city in western Lithuania, on the shore of the Baltic Sea. The city's population as of January 2025 was 18,551.

Palanga is the busiest and the largest summer resort in Lithuania and has sandy beaches (18 km, 11 miles long and up to 300 metres, 1000 ft wide) and sand dunes.

Officially Palanga has the status of a city municipality and includes Šventoji, Nemirseta, Būtingė, Palanga International Airport and other settlements, which are considered as part of the city of Palanga.
1980 St Pauls riot
The St Pauls riot occurred in St Pauls, Bristol, England on 2 April 1980 when police raided the Black and White Café on Grosvenor Road in the heart of the area. After several hours of disturbance in which fire engines and police cars were damaged, 130 people were arrested, 25 were taken to hospital, including 19 police and members of the press.

The riot occurred against a background of increasing racial tension, poor housing and alienation of black youth.  As a result of the disturbances local authorities and the national government began to pay attention to these issues.  The Black and White Café was closed in 2004 and eventually demolished.

Sus law
In England and Wales, the sus law (from "suspected person") was a stop and search law that permitted a police officer to stop, search and potentially arrest people on suspicion of them being in breach of section 4 of the Vagrancy Act 1824. According to a 2018 study in the British Journal of Criminology, stop and search had a marginal impact on crime in the UK.
Scouting and Guiding in Antigua and Barbuda
Scouting portal

The Scout and Guide movement in Antigua and Barbuda is served by

Antigua and Barbuda Scout Association, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

The Girl Guides Association of Antigua and Barbuda, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts.

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.
Reed's law
Reed's law is the assertion of David P. Reed that the utility of large networks, particularly social networks, can scale exponentially with the size of the network.

The reason for this is that the number of possible sub-groups of network participants is 2N − N − 1, where N is the number of participants.  This grows much more rapidly than either

the number of participants, N, or

the number of possible pair connections, N(N − 1)/2 (which follows Metcalfe's law).

so that even if the utility of groups available to be joined is very small on a per-group basis, eventually the network effect of potential group membership can dominate the overall economics of the system.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Rajiv Dayal Mathur
Air Marshal Rajiv Dayal Mathur, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC is a former officer in the Indian Air Force. He was the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Training Command. He assumed the office on 1 October 2020 succeeding Air Marshal Arvindra Singh Butola. He served as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Eastern Air Command from 1 March 2019 to 30 September 2020. He superannuated on 31 July 2021.

Eastern Air Command (India)
The Eastern Air Command is one of the five operational commands of the Indian Air Force. Currently headquartered in Shillong in Meghalaya. It was initially raised as No. 1 Operational Group on 27 May 1958 at Ranikutir, Kolkata as a part of the Government's increasing emphasis on defence of the eastern borders. The Operational Group was upgraded as Command on 1 December 1959 with headquarters at Fort William, Kolkata and re raises as a full fledged command at Shillong.

The present Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief is Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia.
Eduard von Möller
Eduard von Möller (also spelled Moeller; 3 June 1814 – 2 November 1880) was a Prussian politician. He was Oberpräsident of Province of Hesse-Nassau from 1867 to 1871. He later became Oberpräsident of Alsace–Lorraine from 1871 until the office was replaced by the office of Reichsstatthalter in 1879.

Province of Hesse-Nassau
The Province of Hesse-Nassau (German: Provinz Hessen-Nassau) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1868 to 1918, then a province of the Free State of Prussia until 1944.

The Prussian province was officially formed in 1868 by a Royal Decree of 7 December 1868, which merged the two administrative districts of Kassel and Wiesbaden; however, it had already come into being through the annexations of Hesse-Kassel, Nassau, and Frankfurt in 1866 and was organized by decrees of March 1867 (concerning the municipal constitutions).
Łoziński
Łoziński is a Polish surname. A variant outside Poland is Lozinski. Notable people with the surname include:

Krzysztof Łoziński (born 1948), Polish writer and publicist

Larry Lozinski (born 1958), Canadian ice hockey player

Lori Lozinski, Canadian film and television producer

Marcel Łoziński (1940–2025), Polish film director and screenwriter

Walery Łoziński (author) (1837–1861), Polish writer and publicist

Walery Łoziński (1880–1944), Polish geographer and soil scientist

Władysław Łoziński (1843–1913), Polish writer and historian

Zygmunt Łoziński (1870–1932), Polish Roman Catholic bishop

Marcel Łoziński
Marcel Łoziński (17 May 1940 – 20 August 2025) was a Polish film director and screenwriter. He directed 24 films since 1972. Łoziński was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short for 89mm from Europe. He was born in Paris, France on 17 May 1940, and died on 20 August 2025, at the age of 85.
Elberfelder Hut
The Elberfelder Hut (German: Elberfelder Hütte) is a mountain hut belonging to the German Alpine Club in the Schober Group within the Austrian Alps.

The mountain hut stands at 2,346 m in the upper Gößnitz valley and is managed from mid-June to mid-September. The Wuppertal branch of the German Alpine Club is responsible for it. The Siegburg and Recklinghausen branches also participate in managing the hut.

Gößnitz
Gößnitz (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœsnɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the Altenburger Land district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Pleiße, 12 km south of Altenburg, and 20 km northwest of Zwickau.
Gößnitz received its town charter in 1718.
It is known for the railroad junction of the Leipzig-Hof railway connection and the Central-Germany connection (Dresden - Chemnitz - Gößnitz - Gera - Erfurt) and its station prides itself having Europe's longest platform, as well as the Gößnitz Open-Air. The town's greatest prosperity was at the time of industrialization; Hence Viktor Grimm's representative malt factory from 1889 still characterizes the cityscape.
Dream consciousness
Dream consciousness is a term defined by the theorist of dreaming science J. Allan Hobson, M.D. as the memory of subjective awareness during sleep.

According to the theory its importance for cognitive science derives from two perspectives. One is the brain basis for consciousness itself and the other is the interpretation of dreams. Knowing the brain basis of consciousness reduces the Hard problem of consciousness in a significant way while the provision of an alternative to psychodynamic dream interpretation frees that subject from the controversy in which it has been immersed for more than a century.  These twin advances in the science of dreaming are elaborated in Hobson's books and articles. The following is a synopsis of the main points on dream consciousness as explained in his works.

The Interpretation of Dreams
The Interpretation of Dreams (German: Die Traumdeutung) is an 1899 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in which the author introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation, and discusses what would later become the theory of the Oedipus complex. Freud revised the book at least eight times and, in the third edition, added an extensive section which treated dream symbolism very literally, following the influence of Wilhelm Stekel. Freud said of this work, "Insight such as this falls to one's lot but once in a lifetime."

Dated 1900, the book was first published in an edition of 600 copies, which did not sell out for eight years. The Interpretation of Dreams later gained in popularity, and seven more editions were published in Freud's lifetime.

Because of the book's length and complexity, Freud also wrote an abridged version called On Dreams. The original text is widely regarded as one of Freud's most significant works.