hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hermann Dürck
Hermann Ludwig Friedrich Franz Dürck (2 November 1869, Munich – 9 January 1941, Munich) was a German pathologist and histologist.

He studied under Otto Bollinger at the University of Munich and with Hans Chiari at Prague, obtaining his doctorate in Munich in 1892. In 1897 he received his habilitation in pathological anatomy and bacteriology, attaining the title of associate professor in 1902. In 1909 he relocated to the institute of pathology in Jena as a full professor, followed by a directorship at the pathological institute at Rechts der Isar Hospital in Munich (from 1911). In 1919 he became an honorary professor at the University of Munich.

His wide-ranging research included investigations of beriberi, malaria, the pathological anatomy of the plague, as well as studies involving the etiology and histology of pneumonia. His name is associated with "Dürck nodes", described as perivascular chronic inflammatory infiltrates in the brain, associated with human trypanosomiasis.

Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and non-microorganism viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
Julian de Ajuriaguerra
Julian de Ajuriaguerra (born January 7, 1911, at Bilbao (Spanish Basque Country) and died at Villefranque (French Basque Country) on March 23, 1993) was a Spanish-French neuropsychiatrist and psychoanalyst of Basque origin. He is one of the pioneers of "sectoral psychiatry" in France.

Southern Basque Country
The Southern Basque Country (Basque: Hegoalde, Hego Euskal Herria; Spanish: País Vasco sur, País Vasco peninsular), also known as the Spanish Basque Country (Basque: Espainiako Euskal Herria; Spanish: País Vasco español), is the Basque territories southside of the Pyrenees, within the Iberian Peninsula.
PTM-80P mine
The PTM-80P is a circular plastic bodied Bulgarian minimum metal anti-tank blast mine, similar in design to the Russian TM-62P2. The mine can accept any fuze that fits into the TM-62 series of mines, including various mechanical, blast resistant, electronic, and magnetic influence fuzes. The mine is completely waterproof and can be laid in shallow water. It is currently in service with the Bulgarian armed forces.

Blast resistant mine
A blast resistant mine is a landmine (intended for anti-tank or anti-personnel purposes) with a fuze which is designed to be insensitive to the shock wave from a nearby explosion. This feature makes it difficult or impossible to clear such mines using explosive minefield breaching techniques. As a result, the process of clearing minefields is slower and more complex. Blast resistance can be achieved in a number of ways.
Harvey J. Graff
Harvey J. Graff (born June 19, 1949) is a comparative social and cultural historian of North America and Western Europe

He is a professor emeritus of English and History and Ohio Eminent Scholar in Literacy Studies at Ohio State University. Graff's scholarship spans multiple areas, including the history of literacy; childhood, youth and family; urban history; interdisciplinarity; and higher education.

His work on the history and social contexts of literacy has been published in multiple languages and countries. He is also known internationally for his contributions across several academic fields, particularly in the development of interdisciplinary approaches to historical and social analysis.

Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and is the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. The press publishes books and journals, and operates other divisions including fulfillment and electronic databases. Its headquarters are in Charles Village section of Baltimore, Maryland.

In 2017, after the retirement of Kathleen Keane, who is credited with modernizing JHU Press for the digital age, the university appointed new director Barbara Pope.
Bertram Beierlorzer
Bertram Beierlorzer (born 31 May 1957 in Neunkirchen am Brand) is a German football coach and former player. As a player, he spent nine seasons in the Bundesliga with 1. FC Nürnberg, FC Bayern Munich and VfB Stuttgart. While at Bayern he won two league titles and three Cups, but an injury suffered in the 1982 DFB Cup Final caused him to miss Bayern's defeat in that year's European Cup final.

He is the older brother of Achim Beierlorzer.

1982 European Cup final
The 1982 European Cup final was played on 26 May 1982 at the end of the 1981–82 European Cup season. Football League First Division winners Aston Villa defeated Bundesliga winners Bayern Munich 1–0 at De Kuip in Rotterdam, Netherlands, to win their first (and to date only) European Cup; this continued the streak of English teams winning the competition in six straight seasons.
Mihai Nechita
Mihai Nechita-Burculeț (born 5 February 1949, Sarca, Romania) is a Romanian painter.

He studied Plastic Arts at the Art Academy of Iași, History of Arts at the Nicolae Grigorescu Art Academy of Bucharest. His professors include: Dan Hatmanu, Dimitrie Gavrilean, and Victor Mihăilescu-Craiu. Since 1977 he is active as a drawing and art history teacher in Târgu Ocna, Bacău.

Târgu Ocna
Târgu Ocna (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌtɨrɡu ˈokna]; Hungarian: Aknavásár) is a town in Bacău County, Romania. 
It administers two villages, Poieni and Vâlcele.

The town is situated on the left bank of the Trotuș River, an affluent of the Siret, and on a branch railway which crosses the Ghimeș Pass from Moldavia into Transylvania. Târgu Ocna is built among the Carpathian Mountains on bare hills formed of rock salt. In fact, the English translation of Ocna is salt mine.

Târgu Ocna's main industry is salt production, as it is the largest provider in Moldavia. Other industries include wood processing, coal mining, steel producing, and petroleum-based industries.
James Basset
James Basset (1526 – 21 November 1558) was a gentleman from the ancient Devonshire Basset family who became a servant of Stephen Gardiner (c. 1483–1555), Bishop of Winchester, by whom he was nominated MP for Taunton in 1553, for Downton in 1554, both episcopal boroughs. He also served thrice as MP for Devon in 1554, 1555, and 1558. He was a strong adherent to the Catholic faith during the Reformation started by King Henry VIII. After the death of King Edward VI in 1553 and the accession of the Catholic Queen Mary I, he became a courtier to that queen as a gentleman of the Privy Chamber and received many favours from both herself and her consort King Philip II of Spain.

Courtier
A courtier (/ˈkɔːrtiər/) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.
Pissoir (film)
Pissoir, retitled Urinal in some countries, was the first feature film directed and released by John Greyson. Released in 1988, the film's central character is an unnamed man who conjures a circle of dead literary and artistic figures, including Sergei Eisenstein, Dorian Gray, Yukio Mishima, Frida Kahlo, and Langston Hughes, to help him formulate a response to police crackdowns on gay sex venues in Toronto, blending fiction with documentary as Greyson also includes quotes from real Canadian journalistic and political figures, including Barbara Amiel and Svend Robinson, about civil liberties and public morality.

The film's cast includes Paul Bettis, Pauline Carey, Lance Eng, and Olivia Rojas.

The film premiered at the 1988 Toronto International Film Festival. It was subsequently screened at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival in 1989, where it won a Teddy Award for Best Essay Film.

Sergei Eisenstein
Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (22 January [O.S. 10 January] 1898 – 11 February 1948) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter, film editor and film theorist. Considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time, he was a pioneer in the theory and practice of montage. He is noted in particular for his silent films Strike (1925), Battleship Potemkin (1925) and October (1928), as well as the historical epics Alexander Nevsky (1938) and Ivan the Terrible (1945/1958). In its decennial poll, the magazine Sight and Sound named his Battleship Potemkin the 54th-greatest film of all time.
Church of Our Lady of Remedies
The Church of Our Lady of Remedies (Portuguese: Igreja de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Luanda, Angola. It was built in 1628 and is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Luanda. In 1716 the headquarters of the Diocese of Angola and Congo was transferred from São Salvador of Congo to Luanda, which eventually led the church of Dos Remedios to become cathedral. In 1877 it was in ruins and restored between 1880 and 1900.  At that time acquired the present appearance, as three doors and a curved pediment on the façade.

In 1949 it was declared a Public Interest, when it was still part of the Portuguese colonial empire.

Catholic Church in Angola
The Catholic Church in Angola is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

Catholicism was introduced to Angola by the Portuguese explorers since 1491 when the first missionaries arrived.

Many of the missionaries saw themselves as Portuguese, rather than integrating into Angolan society. Non-Portuguese missionaries were required to renounce the laws of their own country and submit to Portuguese law, as well as prove their ability to speak and write the Portuguese language. The Colonial Act of 1930 advanced the view that Portuguese Catholic missions to the country were "instruments of civilization and national influence".
UMassFive College Federal Credit Union
UMassFive College Federal Credit Union is an American credit union that operates as a non-profit financial co-operative headquartered in Hadley, Massachusetts. The credit union provides personal and business banking products and services to communities in Western Massachusetts and at the UMass Chan Medical School in Worcester.

UMassFive is a member of and Federally insured by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), is a member of the CO-OP credit union network, and the MoneyPass ATM network.

UMass Chan Medical School
The UMass Chan Medical School is a public medical school in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is part of the University of Massachusetts system. It consists of three schools: the T.H. Chan School of Medicine, the Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing. The school also operates a biomedical research enterprise and a range of public-service initiatives throughout the state.
1971 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1971 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 45th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The championship ended on 17 March 1971.

Munster were the defending champions.

On 17 March 1971, Leinster won the championship following a 2–17 to 2–12 defeat of Munster in the final. This was their 12th Railway Cup title and their first since 1967.

Leinster's Eddie Keher was the Railway Cup top scorer with 0-18.

Leinster GAA
The Leinster Council is  a provincial council of the Gaelic Athletic Association sports of hurling, Gaelic football, camogie, rounders and handball in the province of Leinster.

As of 2008, there were 834 clubs affiliated to the county boards of the Leinster Council.
University of Northampton (13th century)
The University of Northampton was based in Northampton, England, from 1261 to 1265.

The university was established by royal charter after approval from King Henry III in 1261. It was the third university in England, after Oxford and Cambridge, and the 22nd in Europe. After being advised by bishops and magnates that Northampton was a threat to Oxford, Henry III dissolved the university in 1265, and signed a Royal Decree that banned the establishment of a university in Northampton.

In 2005 the decree was repealed by the Privy Council, allowing the then University College Northampton (founded in 1924) to gain university status and become the University of Northampton.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
Children's Indradanush
Children's Indradanush is a children's publication run by activists of All India People's Science Network (AIPSN). The meaning of the title is "Rainbow".

It is mainly supported by Himachal Gyan Vigyan Samiti, a member of AIPSN. This magazine has circulation in various states of Northern India like Himachal Pradesh, UP, Bihar, Delhi, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand. Many articles are on general topics addressing rural children of Northern India. The magazine gives importance to scientific attitude and temper. It is run mostly by volunteer commitments.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
Murder in the Submarine Zone
Murder in the Submarine Zone (also published as Nine—And Death Makes Ten and Murder in the Atlantic) is a mystery novel by the American writer John Dickson Carr, who published it under the name of Carter Dickson. It is a whodunnit and features the series detective Sir Henry Merrivale.

Whodunit
A whodunit (less commonly spelled as whodunnit; a colloquial elision of "Who [has] done it?") is a complex plot-driven variety of detective fiction in which the puzzle regarding who committed the crime is the main focus. The reader or viewer is provided with the clues to the case, from which the identity of the perpetrator may be deduced before the story provides the revelation itself at its climax. The investigation is usually conducted by an eccentric, amateur, or semi-professional detective.
Košutovo, Leposavić
Košutovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошутово) or Koshutovë (Albanian definite form: Koshutova), is a village in Leposavić, northern Kosovo. It is inhabited by an ethnic Albanian majority.  It is part of the region known as Shala e Bajgorës.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Beechcraft Baron
The Beechcraft Baron is a light twin-engined piston aircraft designed and produced by Beechcraft. The aircraft was introduced in 1961. It is a low-wing monoplane developed from the Beechcraft Travel Air.

The Baron was a success and remained in production for decades. In November 2025, Textron Aviation (the owner of Beechcraft) announced that production of the Baron and the related Beechcraft Bonanza will end once current orders are fulfilled. Textron plans to provide parts and support for the Baron indefinitely.

Textron Aviation
Textron Aviation Inc. is the general aviation business unit of the conglomerate Textron that was formed in March 2014 following the acquisition of Beech Holdings which included the Beechcraft and Hawker Aircraft businesses. The new business unit includes the Textron-owned Cessna. Textron Aviation sells Beechcraft and Cessna-branded aircraft. While no longer selling new Hawker airplanes, Textron Aviation still supports the existing Hawker aircraft fleet through its service centers.

The CEO of Cessna, Scott Ernest, was named as the first CEO of Textron Aviation. In October 2018, Ronald Draper succeeded Ernest to become its second CEO.
5-Fluoro-EPT
5-Fluoro-EPT (5F-EPT, 5-fluoro-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine) is a psychedelic tryptamine derivative related to drugs such as EPT and 5-MeO-EPT. It acts as a potent full agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor with an EC50 of 5.54 nM and an efficacy of 104% (compared to serotonin). It produces a head-twitch response in animal studies, and is claimed to have antidepressant activity.

5-HT2A receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades.
Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotics.
Go England
"Go England" is an English 2002 single performed by The England Boys. It was written by the Virgin Radio DJ Daryl Denham and published by Mercury Records as an adaptation of The Jam's 1980 "Going Underground" song to support the England national football team at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The song entered the British charts and reached a peak of 26 in the singles charts.

Virgin Radio
Virgin Radio is a branding of radio stations broadcast in Canada, France, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Italy, Romania, Turkey, Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. As of January 2026, there were over 60 stations globally.

The stations in each country are owned and operated locally and independently of each other and the Virgin Group, which licenses the Virgin Radio brand and provides support services.
Augustus Van Dievoet
Augustus Van Dievoet (/ˈdiːvʊt/, Latin: Augustus Divutius, French: Auguste Van Dievoet, 3 May 1803 – 31 October 1865) was a Belgian legal historian and Supreme Court advocate. His son, Jules Van Dievoet, also a Supreme Court advocate, married Marguerite Anspach (1852-1934), the daughter of Jules Anspach, who served as burgomaster of Brussels in 1863–1879.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu
Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu (Persian: علی قلی خان شاملو; died 1589) was a Shamlu Turkoman officer of the Safavid Empire. He is mostly remembered for leading a rebellious coalition against then-incumbent kings (shahs) Ismail II and Mohammad Khodabanda. This rebellion guaranteed the survival of the young prince Abbas (later Abbas I or Abbas the Great; r. 1588–1629), for whom he was guardian (laleh).

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Sand Mountain (Alabama)
Sand Mountain is a sandstone plateau in northeastern Alabama and (to a far lesser extent) northwestern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee where the plateau is known as Raccoon Mountain and Elder Mountain. It is part of the southern tip of the Appalachian mountain chain and it is the largest plateau in the chain. Geologically a continuation of Walden Ridge, Sand Mountain is part of the Cumberland Plateau, separated from the main portion of the plateau by the Tennessee River and Sequatchie Valley. The average elevation on Sand Mountain is around 1,500 feet (460 m) above sea level, compared to about 650 feet (200 m) in the surrounding area. This elevation leads to its having the coolest climate in the state of Alabama.  The largest city on Sand Mountain is Albertville, in Marshall County. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 22,386.

Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant
Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant is a pumped-storage hydroelectric underground power station in Marion County, just west of Chattanooga in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the plant can generate a maximum of 1,652 megawatts of electricity. The reservoir at the top of the mountain covers 528 acres (214 ha), with a dam that is 230 feet (70 m) high and 5,800 feet (1,800 m) long, the largest rock-fill dam ever built by TVA. The plant serves as an important element for peak power generation and grid balancing in the TVA system.

Construction was started in 1970 and was completed in 1978. The plant was idled in March 2012 due to cracks in the generators' rotors. The plant came entirely back on line in April 2014.