hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Village development committee (Nepal)
A village development committee (Nepali: गाउँ विकास समिति; gāum̐ vikās samiti) in Nepal was the lower administrative part of its Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development. Each district had several VDCs, similar to municipalities but with greater public-government interaction and administration. There were 3,157 village development committees in Nepal. Each village development committee was further divided into several wards (Nepali: वडा) depending on the population of the district, the average being nine wards.

Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
The Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (Nepali: सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय), (MoFAGA), is the ministry of Nepal that supervises activities undertaken by the local governments in Nepal.  It also regulates and manages the civil service.

MoFAGA is the only ministry with direct linkage with the country's municipalities, rural municipalities and provinces. It also plays a  direct role in implementing various eServices in the local governments.
Hastings Miniature Railway
The Hastings Miniature Railway is a 10+1⁄4 in (260 mm) gauge miniature railway located on the seafront at Hastings, a seaside resort, town, and ancient cinque port, in East Sussex, England. Opened in 1948, it remains a popular tourist attraction. The line was re-opened in the summer of 2011 after a period of reconstruction and restoration, which coincided with a forced closure of the eastern part of the line, to facilitate building work on a new art gallery adjacent to the railway.

Ridable miniature railway
A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by diesel or petrol engines, live steam or electric motors).
Erich Jacoby
Erich Roman Ludvig Jacoby (16 June 1885 in Tallinn, Estonia – 10 December 1941 in Gdynia, Poland) was an Estonian architect of Baltic German descent. From 1905 to 1907 he studied at the Leibniz University of Hannover, in 1913 he graduated from the Riga Technical University. In 1939 he went to Germany.

Jacoby has designed many notable buildings in Tallinn, many of which are influenced by expressionism, Art Nouveau, and in 1930s — functionalism. Among his notable creations is Villa Jacoby.

Riga Technical University
Riga Technical University (RTU) (Latvian: Rīgas Tehniskā universitāte) is the oldest technical university in the Baltic countries established on October 14, 1862. It is located in Riga, Latvia and was previously known as Riga Polytechnical Institute and Riga Polytechnicum.

In 1958, the Riga Polytechnic Institute was established as a separate institution, separating the departments of engineering from the Latvian State University. Over the years, the Riga Polytechnic Institute evolved and expanded its academic offerings, becoming one of the leading technical universities in the region. In 1990, it was renamed Riga Technical University (RTU), and today, it has nine faculties and is the largest STEM-oriented university in Latvia.

In the 2022 QS EECA university rankings, RTU was ranked 57th among the universities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
Kilchoan
Kilchoan (Scottish Gaelic: Cille Chòmhain) is a village on the Scottish peninsula of Ardnamurchan, beside the Sound of Mull in Lochaber, Highland. It is the most westerly village in mainland Britain, although several tiny hamlets lie further west on the peninsula (of these, the most westerly is called Portuairk). The western linear, coastal parts of the village are Ormsaigmore and Ormsaigbeg.

Kilchoan has a population of about 150 people.

Lochaber
Lochaber (/lɒxˈɑːbər/ lokh-AH-bər; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Abar) is a name applied to a part of the Scottish Highlands. Historically, it was a provincial lordship consisting of the parishes of Kilmallie and Kilmonivaig. Lochaber once extended from the Northern shore of Loch Leven, a district called Nether Lochaber, to beyond Spean Bridge and Roybridge, which area is known as Brae Lochaber or Braigh Loch Abar in Gaelic. For local government purposes, the name was used for one of the landward districts of Inverness-shire from 1930 to 1975, and then for one of the districts of the Highland region from 1975 to 1996. Since 1996 the Highland Council has had a Lochaber area committee.

The main town of Lochaber is Fort William. Other moderate sized settlements in Lochaber include Mallaig, Ballachulish and Glencoe.
Amdro
Amdro is a trade name for a hydramethylnon-based hydrazone insecticide, commonly used in the southern United States for fire ant control.  Amdro was patented in 1978 by the American Cyanamid company, now Ambrands, and was conditionally approved for use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in August, 1980. It is a delayed-toxicity food chain killer, in which soldier ants carry the bait into the mound and feed it to the queen, killing her and decimating the mound. Amdro uses a corn grit and soybean oil base, and must be used within three months after opening to be effective.  Amdro has several drawbacks: (1) when it rains, or the bait is moisturized, Amdro loses its effectiveness entirely; (2) insecticide baits tend to be slow working, and take up to a month to be effective; and (3) Amdro cannot be used on food crops.

Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans.

Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill.
Olga Björkegren
Olga Augusta Christina Björkegren, (8 September 1857 – 30 April 1950), was a Swedish opera singer.

Daughter of the Sommelier Per Björkegren and Anna Söderberg. She was a student at the Royal Dramatic Training Academy in 1873, and active at Swedish Theatre (Stockholm) in 1875–79 and the Royal Swedish Opera in 1879–87. She was described as dignified and classic and well suited for parts of great dignity.

She married the art collector and writer Klas Fåhraeus in 1887. One of their children, Robin Fåhræus, became a noted medical researcher. In 1909, the couple used their villa as a combined art gallery, and their home became a center of artists: many young artists were also allowed to live there free of costs to develop their talent.

Royal Dramatic Training Academy
The Royal Dramatic Training Academy (Swedish: Kungliga Dramatiska Teaterns Elevskola, also known as Dramatens elevskola), was the acting school of Sweden's national stage, the Royal Dramatic Theatre, and for many years (1787–1964) seen as the foremost theatre school and drama education for Swedish stage actors. It was established in 1787 by the theatre and art loving King Gustav III and was for many years under the protection of the Swedish royal family.
Diocese of Civita Castellana
The Diocese of Civita Castellana (Latin: Dioecesis Civitatis Castellanae) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Latium, central Italy. It has existed in the current form since 1986, when the Diocese of Nepi e Sutri was united into the Diocese of Civita Castellana, Orte e Gallese. The Diocese of Gallese had been added to the Dioceses of Civita Castellana and Orte in 1805. The name of the diocese was shortened in 1991, in accordance with Vatican policies. The diocese of Civita Castellana is immediately exempt to the Holy See.

Latium
Latium (/ˈleɪʃiəm/ LAY-shee-əm, US also /-ʃəm/ -⁠shəm; Latin: [ˈɫati.ũː]) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.
Mezgovci ob Pesnici
Mezgovci ob Pesnici (pronounced [ˈmeːzɡɔu̯tsi ɔp ˈpeːsnitsi]) is a village on the right bank of the Pesnica River in the Municipality of Dornava in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Pesnica (river)
The Pesnica (pronounced [ˈpéːsnitsa]; German: Pößnitz) is a river in Styria, southeastern Austria and in Styria, northeastern Slovenia.

It is 69 km (43 mi) long, of which 65 km (40 mi) is in Slovenia. Its catchment area is about 550 km2 (210 sq mi), of which 539 km2 (208 sq mi) is in Slovenia. Its source is near Glanz an der Weinstraße, near the Austrian-Slovenian border. It passes Zgornja Kungota, Pesnica, Pernica, the castle at Hrastovec v Slovenskih Goricah, Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah, the monastery of Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Dornava, and Velika Nedelja, and then merges with the Drava near Ormož, on the border with Croatia.
Hisingerite
Hisingerite is an iron(III) phyllosilicate mineral with formula FeIII2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2 H2O.  A black or dark brown, lustrous secondary mineral, it is formed by the weathering or hydrothermal alteration of other iron silicate and sulfide minerals.

It was first described in 1751 by A.F. Cronstedt from Väster Silvberg, Dalarna, Sweden (under the name “kolspeglande järnmalm”), and in 1810 by W. Hisinger from the Gillinge iron mine, Södermanland, Sweden (“svart stenart”, later “gillingit”). In 1828 it was found at an occurrence in Riddarhyttan, Vastmanland, Sweden. It was named after Wilhelm Hisinger (1766–1852), a Swedish chemist.

There are also aluminian hisingerite variety in which one of the iron atoms is replaced by aluminium and chrome-alumina-hisingerite variety in which chromium substitutes for iron.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Hildesheim Invaders
The Hildesheim Invaders are an American football team founded in 1983 from Hildesheim, Germany.

The club's greatest success has been promotion to the American football Bundesliga, now the German Football League in 2023, the highest level league, in 1989 where it played for two seasons until 1991. A division title in the German Football League 2 in 2015 earned the club the right to return to the highest level of play in Germany, should it meet the licensing requirements, which they did.

The team currently as of 2024 plays again in the GFL Nord.

Hildesheim
Hildesheim is a city in Lower Saxony, north-central Germany. With a population of over 100,000, it is located southeast of Hanover on the Innerste river, a tributary of the Leine.

The first settlement was created in 815 by Emperor Louis the Pious, who established the Diocese of Hildesheim. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, and in 2015 the city and diocese celebrated their 1200th anniversary.
Marc-André Dalbavie
Marc-André Dalbavie (born 10 February 1961 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France) is a French composer. He had his first music lessons at age 6. He attended the Conservatoire de Paris, where he studied composition with Marius Constant and orchestration with Pierre Boulez. In 1985 he joined the research department of IRCAM where he studied digital synthesis, computer assisted composition and spectral analysis. In the early 1990s he moved to Berlin. Currently he lives in the town of St. Cyprien and teaches orchestration at the Conservatoire de Paris.

In 1994 he was awarded the Rome Prize. The same year he was one of three composers who won the Ernst von Siemens Composers' Prize. In 1998, the Cleveland Orchestra appointed him the composer-in-residence (a Daniel Lewis Fellow) for two years. In 2004, he was made a Chevalier des Arts et Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture. In 2018 he was awarded the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center's Elise L. Stoeger Prize.

Rome Prize
The Rome Prize is awarded by the American Academy in Rome, in Rome, Italy. Approximately thirty scholars and artists are selected each year to receive a study fellowship at the academy. Recipients must be American citizens. Prizes have been awarded annually since 1921, with a hiatus during the World War II years, from 1942 to 1949.: 13
Liouville field theory
In physics, Liouville field theory (or simply Liouville theory) is a two-dimensional conformal field theory whose classical equation of motion is a generalization of Liouville's equation.

Liouville theory is defined for all complex values of the central charge  of its Virasoro symmetry algebra, but it is unitary only if

and its classical limit is

Although it is an interacting theory with a continuous spectrum, Liouville theory has been solved. In particular, its three-point function on the sphere has been determined analytically.

Spectrum (physical sciences)
In the physical sciences, spectrum describes any continuous range of either frequency or wavelength values.  The term  initially referred to the range of observed colors as white light is dispersed through a prism — introduced to optics by Isaac Newton in the 17th century.

The concept was later expanded to other waves, such as sound waves and sea waves that also present a variety of frequencies and wavelengths (e.g., noise spectrum, sea wave spectrum). Starting from Fourier analysis, the concept of spectrum expanded to signal theory, where the signal can be graphed as a function of frequency and information can be placed in selected ranges of frequency. Presently, any quantity directly dependent on, and measurable along the range of, a continuous independent variable can be graphed along its range or spectrum.  Examples are the range of electron energy in electron spectroscopy or the range of mass-to-charge ratio in mass spectrometry.
Nasim Haradinaj
Nasim Haradinaj (born 21 May 1963) is a Kosovar politician and former KLA veteran. He served as Deputy Chairman of the KLA War Veterans’ Association (OVL-UÇK) and is a cousin of former Kosovo Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj.

Deçan
Deçan (pronounced [dɛˈtʃan]; Albanian definite form: Deçani; Serbian: Дечани, pronounced [dɛ̌t͡ʃani]) is a town and municipality in the district of Gjakova, Kosovo. The municipality has an area of 293.94 km2 (113.49 sq mi) and it includes the town and 37 smaller settlements. According to the last census of 2024, the municipality has a population of 27,775.
Return of the Trill
Return of the Trill is the fifth solo studio album by American rapper Bun B. It was released on August 31, 2018, via II Trill Enterprises, Double Dose Entertainment and Empire Distribution. Production was handled by Big K.R.I.T., Big E, B. Barber, BeatKing, Cory Mo, El-P, Kevon Harrold, Mannie Fresh and Oktober 1st, with additional producers Sama'an Ashrawi and Wilder Zoby. It features guest appearances from Big K.R.I.T., 2 Chainz, 8Ball & MJG, BeatKing, Giggs, Killa Kyleon, Leon Bridges, Lil' Keke, Lil' Wayne, Run the Jewels, Slim Thug, T.I., Yo Gotti, Gary Clark Jr., and the late Pimp C, with contributions from Classik Mussik, Dedrick "Dee-Rick" Taylor and Yung Huey.

The album peaked at number 150 on the Billboard 200 and number 9 on the Independent Albums charts in the United States.

BeatKing
Justin Seth Riley (November 24, 1984 – August 15, 2024), known professionally as BeatKing and Club Godzilla, was an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer from Houston, Texas. He was known for his viral 2010 single "Crush", the platinum-selling "Thick", and "Then Leave".

Riley began his music career in 2008 and debuted in 2010. Throughout his life, he worked with many artists, including Bun B, Paul Wall, Chamillionaire, Lil' Keke, DJ Chose, and Dorrough, among others.

His manager announced that he died on August 15, 2024, after suffering a pulmonary embolism.
Notikewin
Notikewin is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the County of Northern Lights. It is located along the Mackenzie Highway (Highway 35), approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the Town of Manning.

The name derives from nôtinikewin, the Cree word for "battle". The name is shared with the Notikewin River, and is lent to the Notikewin Member, a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

Mackenzie Highway
The Mackenzie Highway is a Canadian highway in northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories.  It begins as Alberta Highway 2 at Mile Zero in Grimshaw, Alberta. After the first 4.0 km (2.5 mi), it becomes Alberta Highway 35 for the balance of its length through Alberta and then becomes Northwest Territories Highway 1.
Ethyl chloroacetate
Ethyl chloroacetate is an organic compound with the chemical formula ClCH2CO2CH2CH3. It is used primarily in the chemical industry. It is used as a solvent for organic synthesis and as an intermediate in the production of pesticides (such as sodium fluoroacetate).

Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.
Seafield, Edinburgh
Seafield is a coastal strip situated on the Firth of Forth between Leith and Portobello in north-east Edinburgh, Scotland. The area is mainly commercial, and has little housing. A masterplan was launched in 2024 to redevelop the area into a housing-led mixed-use scheme.

The area is home to Edinburgh Dog and Cat Home, which cares for around 150 of Edinburgh and the Lothians' lost and abandoned cats and dogs. The Lothian Buses Marine depot is also located in Seafield.

The Eastern General Hospital was based here until being demolished in 2008. Its maternity unit served North East Edinburgh and the Borders until 1997.

Since the 1970s, the main sewage treatment works for Edinburgh has been located at Seafield, built on reclaimed land to the east of the Port of Leith.

Port of Leith
The Port of Leith is a major seaport facility on Scotland’s east coast, serving the city of Edinburgh. It is operated by Forth Ports, and is Scotland’s largest enclosed deep-water port. Much of the port is built on reclaimed land, with the shore moving northwards over the years.

From the 1990s onward, Leith has seen major regeneration. Projects include the Ocean Terminal shopping complex (with the permanently berthed royal yacht HMY Britannia) and the Victoria Quay offices of the Scottish Government.
Carrie Ruud
Carrie L. Ruud (/ruːd/ ROOD; born February 22, 1952) is a Minnesota politician and member of the Minnesota Senate from 2003-2007, and again from 2013-2022. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, she represented District 10 in north-central Minnesota.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Yuty (crater)
Yuty is a crater on Mars in Chryse Planitia, named after the town of Yuty in Paraguay. It measures approximately 19 kilometres (12 miles) in diameter, and is surrounded by complex ejecta lobes, which are a distinctive characteristic of Martian impact craters.

Ejecta
Ejecta (Latin for 'things thrown out'; sing. ejectum) are particles ejected from an area. In volcanology, in particular, the term refers to particles including pyroclastic materials (tephra) that came out of a volcanic explosion and magma eruption volcanic vent, or crater, has traveled through the air or water, and fell back to the ground surface or ocean floor.
East Stroudsburg Armory
East Stroudsburg Armory, also known as the Captain George M. Kemp Memorial Armory, is a historic National Guard armory located at East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1928, and is a "T"-plan building consisting of a two-story administration building and attached one-story drill hall executed in the Tudor Revival style.

The armory is constructed of brick and sits on a concrete foundation. It measures approximately 56 feet by 128 feet.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly regarded as synonyms, although subtle differences in usage exist.

A sub-armory is a place of temporary storage or carrying of weapons and ammunition, such as any temporary post or patrol vehicle that is only operational in certain times of the day.
Culloden, Prince Edward Island
Culloden is a settlement in southeastern Queens County, Prince Edward Island.

Named in honour of Culloden Moor, Inverness-shire, Scotland, the location of the Battle of Culloden.  A post office was opened in the community in 1906.

Culloden, Highland
Culloden (/kəˈlɒdən/ listenⓘ; from Scottish Gaelic Cùl Lodain, "back of the small pond"; modern Gaelic Cùil Lodair) is a village three miles (five kilometres) east of Inverness, Scotland and the surrounding area. 3 mi (5 km) east of the village is Drumossie Moor, site of the Battle of Culloden.
Lindsey Burgess
Lindsey Burgess (born July 21, 1999 in Williams Lake, British Columbia) is a Canadian curler from Edmonton, Alberta.  She currently plays second on Team Serena Gray-Withers. As a junior, Burgess won a gold medal at the 2018 World Junior Curling Championships with skip Kaitlyn Jones. She was the 2020 Female Athlete of the Year for Nova Scotia curling.

Second (curling)
In curling, the second is the person who delivers the second pair of stones after the lead. On most teams, where the second does not act as skip or vice, the second will sweep for each of their teammates. Due to the free-guard-zone rule, which prevents guards from being removed from play by the leads, the second is usually a curler with a high degree of proficiency throwing takeouts, peels, and other power shots. Following the adoption of the five-rock rule in 2018, the role of the second has become more of a finesse role, as seconds often have to throw guards and other finesse shots.
Lectionary 44
Lectionary 44, designated by siglum ℓ 44 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering). It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th-century.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).