hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Symbolic culture
Symbolic culture, or non-material culture, is the cultural realm constructed and inhabited uniquely by Homo sapiens and is differentiated from ordinary culture, which many other animals possess. Symbolic culture is studied by archaeologists, social anthropologists and sociologists. From 2018, however, some evidence of a Neanderthal origin of symbolic culture emerged.

Examples of symbolic culture include concepts (such as good and evil), mythical constructs (such as gods and underworlds), and social constructs (such as promises and football games).

Good and evil
In philosophy, religion, and psychology, "good and evil" is a common dichotomy. In religions with Manichaean and Abrahamic influence, evil is perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.

Evil is often used to denote profound immorality. Evil has also been described as a supernatural force. Definitions of evil vary, as does the analysis of its motives. However, elements that are commonly associated with evil involve unbalanced behavior involving expediency, selfishness, ignorance, or negligence.

The principal study of good and evil (or morality) is ethics, of which there are three major branches: normative ethics concerning how we ought to behave, applied ethics concerning particular moral issues, and metaethics concerning the nature of morality itself.
Colonel Bailey's Dungeon
Colonel Bailey's Dungeon in Srirangapatna was the place where Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore Kingdom used to imprison all the British officers who were captured during the Anglo–Mysore Wars fought by him and earlier by his father Hyder Ali. Colonel Bailey, also spelled Baillie, fell into Tipu's hands in the Second Anglo-Mysore War at the Battle of Pollilur (1780), and spent several months in the dungeons of Srirangapatna. It is near the burial memorial of Tipu Sultan and is surrounded by gardens on all four sides. Colonel William Bailey (Baillie) was the only British officer who died in that place in 1782 as he could not sustain the inhuman conditions, and so the dungeon was later named after him. In this context it is said that prisoners were tied to fixtures in the stone slab of the dungeon and were immersed in water up to their necks.

Presidency armies
The presidency armies were the armies of the three presidencies of the East India Company's rule in India,  later the forces of the British Crown in India, composed primarily of Indian sepoys. The presidency armies were named after the presidencies: the Bengal Army, the Madras Army and the Bombay Army. Initially, only Europeans served as commissioned or non-commissioned officers. In time, Indian Army units were garrisoned from Peshawar in the north, to Sind in the west, and to Rangoon in the east. The army was engaged in the wars to extend British control in India (the Mysore, Maratha and Sikh wars) and beyond (the Burma, Afghan, First and Second Opium Wars, and the Expedition to Abyssinia).

The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the Company until the Indian Rebellion of 1857, when the Crown took over the Company and its three armies. In 1895, the three presidency armies were merged into a united Indian Army.
Colerne
Colerne is a village and civil parish in north Wiltshire, England. The village is about 3.5 miles (6 km) west of the town of Corsham and 7 miles (11 km) northeast of the city of Bath. It has an elevated and exposed position, 545 feet (166 m) above sea level, and overlooks the Box valley to the south (where Brunel's Box Tunnel is).

The parish includes the hamlets of Eastrip and Thickwood. It is bounded to the west by a stretch of the Fosse Way Roman road, which forms the county boundary with Gloucestershire, and to the east by the Bybrook River. Part of the northern boundary is the Doncombe Brook, a tributary of the Bybrook, and part of the southern boundary is the Lid Brook, another tributary.

Fosse Way
The Fosse Way was a Roman road built in Britain during the first and second centuries AD that linked Isca Dumnoniorum (Exeter) in the southwest and Lindum Colonia (Lincoln) to the northeast, via Lindinis (Ilchester), Aquae Sulis (Bath), Corinium (Cirencester), and Ratae Corieltauvorum (Leicester). Much of its route is still used by modern roads, lanes and byways.
The Waiting List
The Waiting List (Spanish: Lista de espera) is a 2000 comedy-drama film directed and co-written by Juan Carlos Tabío. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. It is a co-production among companies from Spain, Cuba, France, and Mexico; including Tornasol Films, ICAIC, DMVB, Tabasco Films, Producciones Amaranta and Road Movies Fillm Produktionen.

In the film, people waiting in a bus station start building a little society of their own.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
Aksu Basin
The Aksu Basin is a sedimentary basin in southwestern Turkey, around the present-day Aksu River. Located at the intersection of several major tectonic systems, in the Isparta Angle, the Aksu Basin covers an area of some 2000 square kilometers. Together with the Köprü Çay Basin and the Manavgat Basin, the Aksu Basin forms part of the broader Antalya Basin. It forms a graben relative to the surrounding Anatolian plateau.

The Aksu Basin has been gradually filling up with sediment since Neogene times.

Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene, and followed by the Late Miocene.

The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age.
Oppenheimer baronets
The Oppenheimer baronetcy, of Stoke Poges in the County of Buckingham, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created in the 1921 New Year Honours for Bernard Oppenheimer, Chairman of the South African Diamond Corporation. The title became extinct with the death of the third baronet in 2020.

The first Baronet was the brother of Sir Ernest Oppenheimer.

Stoke Poges
Stoke Poges (/ˈstoʊkˈpoʊdʒɪz/) is a village and civil parish in south-east Buckinghamshire, England. It is centred 3 miles (5 km) north-north-east of Slough, its post town, and is 2 miles (3 km) southeast of Farnham Common. In 2021, it had a population of 5,067.
1965 European Cup (water polo)
The 1965 Water Polo European Cup was the second edition of LEN's premier competition for male water polo clubs, running from February to April 1965. Pro Recco, which hosted the final stage, won all three games to win its first title, while defending champions Partizan Belgrade was the runner-up.

European Aquatics
European Aquatics (formerly French: Ligue Européenne de Natation, English: European Swimming League, popularly known by its acronym LEN) is the European governing body for aquatic sports affiliated to World Aquatics — it is the Continental Association for Europe. It was formally organized in 1927 in Bologna, and since 2015 is headquartered in Nyon.

European Aquatics comprises 52 national swimming federations in Europe, and includes Israel which for Olympic-sport purposes is grouped with Europe. European Aquatics is overseen by an elected Bureau (board) composed of Members representing 17 different Federations. European Aquatics oversees aquatic sports in Europe: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo.
Zagar Pyaw Thaw Athel Hnalone
Zagar Pyaw Thaw Athel Hnalone (Burmese: စကားပြောသောအသည်းနှလုံး) is a 1968 Burmese black-and-white drama film directed by Thukha. The film won three Myanmar Academy Awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Supporting Actor.

Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards
The Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards are presented annually to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Burmese Film Industry of Myanmar. The awards ceremony has been held annually since 1952. Each winner is presented with a golden statue and in recent years also a cash prize.
BISAC Subject Headings
The BISAC Subject Headings are a method to classify books that is geared towards bookstores. It is mainly used by the Northern American booktrade, and online sellers like Barnes & Noble, Amazon and Baker & Taylor. The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system.

BISAC, an acronym for Book Industry Standards and Communications, classifies all works by topics. All topics and sub-topics are ordered alphabetically, which also encompasses works of fiction. The BISAC's numbering scheme allows for a later introduction of new topics between already established ones.

Books can fall into several categories. In this case, BISG recommends that no more than three categories should be chosen for a single book, and the main category should be the one that best describes the book's contents.

Baker & Taylor
Baker & Taylor was a distributor of books to public and academic libraries and schools. It was based in Charlotte, North Carolina and was owned by President & CEO Amandeep Kochar at the time of its shuttering in 2025. Before being acquired by Follett in 2016, Baker & Taylor had $2.26 billion in sales, employed 3,750, and was #204 on Forbes list of privately owned companies in 2008.

On October 6, 2025, it was announced that Baker & Taylor would begin shutting down operations, with full closure of the company by the beginning of 2026.
Spanish National Observatory
The Spanish National Observatory (Spanish: Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de España, OAN) is an astronomical observatory with several facilities in the Madrid area.

The Observatory has published a yearbook (the Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid) since the 19th century.

Yearbook
A yearbook, also known as an annual, is a type of a book published annually. One use is to record, highlight, and commemorate the past year of a school. The term also refers to a book of statistics or facts published annually. A yearbook often has an overarching theme that is present throughout the entire book.

Many high schools, colleges, elementary and middle schools publish yearbooks; however, many schools are dropping yearbooks or decreasing page counts given social media alternatives to a mass-produced physical photographically oriented record. From 1995 to 2013, the number of U.S. college yearbooks dropped from roughly 2,400 to 1,000.
High-body pipefish
The high-body pipefish (Leptonotus elevatus) is a pipefish in the family Syngnathidae (seahorses and pipefishes).  These demersal fish are widespread in New Zealand and the Auckland Islands.  It can be found in the vicinity of piers and wharves down to offshore depths of 62–120 metres (203–394 ft). They have been recorded from substrates consisting of bryozoan and coarse shell. The juveniles have been collected in surface plankton tows. They are ovoviviparous and the male bears the eggs in a brood pouch which is on the ventral side of the tail. Gravid males have been recorded from standard lengths of 9.95 centimetres (3.92 in).

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.
The London Hermit
The London Hermit, Or, Rambles in Dorsetshire is a 1793 comedy play by the Irish writer John O'Keeffe. It was staged at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket on 29 June 1793. The original cast included Richard Suett as Whimmy, James Aickin as Old Pranks, John Bannister as Young Pranks, Howard Usher as Barleycorn, Ralph Wewitzer as Barebones, John Henry Johnstone as Tully, William Parsons as Toby Thatch, Lydia Webb as Mrs. Maggs, Elizabeth Kemble as Kitty Barleycorn, Elizabeth Heard as Dian and Jane Powell as Fishwoman. The prologue was written by George Colman the Younger and spoken by William Barrymore. It was staged at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin in 1795.

Lydia Webb
Lydia Webb (1736 or 1737-1793) was an English actress. She started acting in Norwich. She was married twice. First, she married a man named Mr. Day. Second, she married a Mr. Webb. Her first notable performance was on 21 November 1772 at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, performing in The West Indian. She died in 1793.
ESS 3200 class
The ESS 3200, later the WH 200 (Werkspoor-Heemaf) was a class of electric locomotives built for the Staatsspoorwegen, the State Railway of the Dutch East Indies (modern day Indonesia).

The ESS 3200s were first used on 6 April 1925, which also was the same day the first electrified railway line in Java from Tanjung Priok to Meester Cornelis (modern day Jatinegara) was opened.

Jatinegara
Jatinegara (originally known as Meester Cornelis or Meester/Mester for short) is one of the districts (Indonesian: kecamatan) of the administrative city of East Jakarta, Indonesia. The name also refers to the larger, historic area of the colonial town of Meester Cornelis. Established in the 17th century, Jatinegara is one of the oldest areas in Jakarta, and contains a number of buildings from the colonial period.

The area is historically known for its cosmopolitan character, dominated formerly by indigenous Christians from the so-called Outer Islands, but also with sizeable Chinese and Arab communities (Vreemde Oosterlingen or 'foreign orientals'). Jatinegara railway station, one of the biggest railway stations in Jakarta, is located on the boundary between the districts of Jatinegara and Matraman.

Another Jatinegara, an administrative village in Cakung, has no known historic connection to Jatinegara in Jakarta.
Steve Walters
Steve Walters (born 28 August 1965), also known by the nickname of "Boxhead", is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s who at the peak of his career was considered the best hooker in the game. An Australian Kangaroos and Queensland Maroons representative, he played in the Canberra Raiders' 1st, 2nd and 3rd NSWRL grand final victories.

Grand final
Primarily in Australian sports, a grand final is a game that decides a sports league's premiership (or championship) winning team, i.e. the conclusive game of a finals (or play-off) series. Synonymous with a championship game in North American sports, grand finals have become a significant part of Australian culture.  The earliest leagues to feature a grand final were in Australian rules football, followed soon after by rugby league. Currently the largest grand finals are in the Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL). Their popularity influenced other competitions such as soccer's  A-League Men and A-League Women, the National Basketball League, Super Netball and European rugby league's Super League to adopt grand finals as well. Most grand finals involve a prestigious award for the player voted best on field.
The Desert Flower (film)
The Desert Flower is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by Irving Cummings and written by June Mathis. It is based on the 1924 play The Desert Flower by Don Mullally. The film stars Colleen Moore, Lloyd Hughes, Kate Price, Gino Corrado, Fred Warren, and Frank Brownlee. The film was released on June 21, 1925, by First National Pictures.

Kate Price (actress)
Katherine Duffy (13 February 1872 – 4 January 1943), known professionally as Kate Price, was an Irish-American actress. She is known for playing the role of Mrs. Kelly in the comedy series The Cohens and Kellys, made by Universal Pictures between 1926 and 1932. Price appeared in 296 movies from 1910 to 1937.
Soar Valley
52°44′N 1°08′W﻿ / ﻿52.74°N 1.14°W﻿ / 52.74; -1.14

The Soar Valley is a river valley following the course of the River Soar in Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire, in the East Midlands of England. Part of the Drainage basin of the River Trent stretching from south of Leicester to Trent Lock, the valley is a major geographical feature of Leicester City Centre, Greater Leicester, Loughborough, and the wider county of Leicestershire of which it forms part of the northern boundary with Nottinghamshire. The valley is home to a section of the M1 motorway, a large section of the  Great Central Railway, a lengthy stretch of the Grand Union Canal, the Leicester City Ground, Abbey Park, the Abbey Pumping Station, and the National Space Centre.

Soar Valley is also the name of an electoral ward of Rushcliffe Borough Council in south Nottinghamshire.

Trent Lock
Trent Lock (otherwise Trentlock) is located south of Long Eaton, on the borders of Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire in the United Kingdom.  The area is a major canal navigation junction, where the River Soar and Erewash Canal can reach the Trent and Mersey Canal by way of the River Trent and adjacent Cranfleet Cut.

Immediately to its north-east is Trent Junction, a similarly important five-way meeting point in the national railway system.
Akra Peninsula
Akra Peninsula (Bulgarian: полуостров Акра, romanized: poluostrov Akra, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof ˈakrɐ]) is the mostly ice-covered peninsula projecting 11 km eastwards from Oscar II Coast in Graham Land, and 5.2 km wide, bounded by Exasperation Inlet to the north and Scar Inlet to the south, and ending in Cape Disappointment to the east.  It was formed as a result of the break-up of Larsen Ice Shelf in the area, and the retreat of Pequod Glacier in the early 21st century.  The feature is named after the ancient town of Akra in Southeastern Bulgaria.

Pequod Glacier
Pequod Glacier (65°30′S 62°3′W﻿ / ﻿65.500°S 62.050°W﻿ / -65.500; -62.050) is a glacier over 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, draining eastwards between Parlichev Ridge to the north, and Taridin Ridge and Krupen Ridge to the south, and flowing into Exasperation Inlet on the east coast of Graham Land. It lies parallel and just south of Melville Glacier. The lower part of the glacier was surveyed by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947 and the upper reaches were surveyed in 1955. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after the whaling ship Pequod in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Pequod Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Novy Rychan
Novy Rychan (Russian: Новый Рычан) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khutorskoy Selsoviet of Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 997 as of 2010. There are 20 streets.

Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast
Volodarsky District (Russian: Волода́рский райо́н; Kazakh: Володар ауданы, Volodar audany) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eleven in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,883 square kilometers (1,499 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Volodarsky. Population: 47,825 (2010 Census); 47,351 (2002 Census); 46,638 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 20.9% of the district's total population.

Kazakhs are the dominant ethnic group in the district and make up around 68% of its population. Ethnic minorities include ethnic Russians (29%) and Tatars (2%).
Impey River
The Impey River is a river in the Mid West region of Western Australia. It rises south of Mount Murchison and flows east-north-east until it merges with the Murchison River, of which it is a tributary.

The first recorded sighting of the river was by surveyor Robert Austin during an expedition in 1857. In 1858 the river was named by explorer Francis Gregory after the prominent geologist, Sir Roderick Impey Murchison.

Francis Thomas Gregory
Francis Thomas "Frank" Gregory (19 October 1821 – 23 October 1888) was an Australian explorer and politician.

Born in England, he emigrated with his family to Australia as a boy. He was the younger brother of the explorer and politician Augustus Gregory, who also made his career in the colony.
Hadriana in All My Dreams
Hadriana in All My Dreams (French: Hadriana dans tous mes rêves) is a 1988 novel by Haitian author René Depestre. Set in Jacmel, Haiti, and spanning a period of 40 years, the plot follows a young French woman, Hadriana Siloé, who is turned into a zombie on her wedding day. The novel explores themes of colonialism, exile, and sexuality.

The novel was published by French publishing house Gallimard in 1988; it was met with acclaim. It won the Prix Renaudot that same year, becoming the first novel by a Haitian writer to do so, won multiple other literary awards, and sold close to 200,000 copies within five years. The novel has been praised for its writing style, atmosphere, and treatment of social issues; conversely, it has been criticized for its depiction of Haiti and treatment of gender-related issues and sexuality. An English translation by Kaiama L. Glover was published by Akashic Books in 2017.

Éditions Gallimard
Éditions Gallimard (French: [edisjɔ̃ ɡalimaːʁ]), formerly Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française (1911–1919) and Librairie Gallimard (1919–1961), is one of the leading French book publishers. In 2003, it and its subsidiaries published 1,418 titles.

Founded by Gaston Gallimard in 1911, the publisher is now majority-owned by his grandson Antoine Gallimard.

Éditions Gallimard is a subsidiary of Groupe Madrigall, the third largest French publishing group.
Stanley Falkow
Stanley "Stan" Falkow (January 24, 1934 – May 5, 2018) was an American microbiologist and a professor of microbiology at Georgetown University, University of Washington, and Stanford University School of Medicine. Falkow is known as the father of the field of molecular microbial pathogenesis. 
He formulated molecular Koch's postulates, which have guided the study of the microbial determinants of infectious diseases since the late 1980s. Falkow spent over 50 years uncovering molecular mechanisms of how bacteria cause disease and how to disarm them. Falkow also was one of the first scientists to investigate antimicrobial resistance, and presented his research extensively to scientific, government, and lay audiences explaining the spread of resistance from one organism to another, now known as horizontal gene transfer, and the implications of this phenomenon on our ability to combat infections in the future.

University of Maine
The University of Maine (UMaine) is a public land-grant research university in Orono, Maine, United States. It was established in 1865 as the land-grant college of Maine and is the flagship university of the University of Maine System. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

With an enrollment of approximately 11,500 students, UMaine is the state's largest college or university. The University of Maine's athletic teams, nicknamed the Black Bears, are Maine's only NCAA Division I athletics program. Maine's men's ice hockey team has won two national championships.