hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Recursive filter
In signal processing, a recursive filter (also called an infinite impulse response filter) is a type of filter which reuses one or more of its outputs as an input.
They allow a system to respond over a long period of time to a brief input signal, without needing to perform complex calculations on every past input.
This feedback typically results in an unending impulse response, characterized by either exponentially growing, decaying, or sinusoidal signal output components.

However, a recursive filter does not always have an infinite impulse response. Some implementations of moving average filter are recursive filters but with a finite impulse response.

Non-recursive Filter Example:
y[n] = 0.5x[n − 1] + 0.5x[n].

Recursive Filter Example:
y[n] = 0.5y[n − 1] + 0.5x[n].

Exponential decay
A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.  Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where N is the quantity and λ (lambda) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant, disintegration constant, rate constant, or transformation constant:

The solution to this equation (see derivation below) is:

where N(t) is the quantity at time t, N0 = N(0) is the initial quantity, that is, the quantity at time t = 0.
SM UC-13
SM UC-13 was a German Type UC I minelayer submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered for production on 23 November 1914, laid down on 28 January 1915, and was launched on 11 May 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 15 May 1915 as SM UC-13. Mines laid by UC-13 in her three patrols were credited with sinking 3 ships.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Avantirastra
Avantirastra (Sanskrit: अवन्तिराष्ट्र) was one of the five original provinces of the Maurya Empire gained after the overthrow of the Nanda dynasty by Chandragupta Maurya. It was located in the modern-day Malwa region with its capital at Ujjain.

Ashoka served as viceroy of the region during his father Bindusara's reign.

Uparaja
Uparaja is a noble title reserved for the viceroy in India and the Buddhist dynasties in Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, as well as some of their minor tributary kingdoms. It is ultimately from Sanskrit उपराज upa-rāja, equivalent to sub and rex respectively in Latin.
Florentina Villalobos Chaparro
Florentina Villalobos Chaparro (27 April 1931 – 10 August 2022) was a Mexican politician. A member of the National Action Party (PAN), her election to the Chamber of Deputies for Chihuahua's second district in the 1964 general election made her the PAN's first female federal deputy. She was re-elected to Congress as a plurinominal deputy in the 1982 general election.

Villalobos died in the city of Chihuahua on 10 August 2022, at the age of 91.

2nd federal electoral district of Chihuahua
The 2nd federal electoral district of Chihuahua (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 02 de Chihuahua) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of nine such districts in the state of Chihuahua.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Teresita de Jesús Vargas Meraz of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Coolongolook, New South Wales
Coolongolook (/kəˈlʊŋɡʊlʊk/) is a small village in the Mid North Coast region, located within the Mid-Coast Council local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It is situated approximately 267 kilometres (166 mi) north of Sydney, on the Pacific Highway.

In the 19th century, gold was mined in the area.

At the 2016 census, the town reported a resident population of 392. The median age is 51 and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people account for 11.3% of the population.

Coolongolook Public School is located on Lombard Street in the town.

In 1994, the Roads & Traffic Authority considered the environmental impact statement of a proposal for a toll road between Coolongolook and Possum Brush. The proposal was from Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation and Travers Morgan Pty Ltd.

Environmental impact statement
An environmental impact statement (EIS), under United States environmental law, is a document required by the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for certain actions "significantly affecting the quality of the human environment". An EIS is a tool for decision making.  It describes the positive and negative environmental effects of a proposed action, and it usually also lists one or more alternative actions that may be chosen instead of the action described in the EIS. One of the primary authors of the act is Lynton K. Caldwell.

Preliminary versions of these documents are officially known as a draft environmental impact statement (DEIS) or draft environmental impact report (DEIR).
Steve Magoffin
Steven James Magoffin (born 17 December 1979) is a former Australian cricketer, who most recently played for Worcestershire in English county cricket, and having previously played for Western Australia and Queensland in Australian domestic matches. He has also played county cricket as an overseas player for Surrey and Sussex.

A former Queensland Academy of Sport player, Magoffin made his debut for WA in 2004-05 where he played every Pura Cup in the season, finishing with 28 wickets at 35.10. He has a career-best haul of 8 for 20, playing for Sussex against Somerset in 2013. He played a few matches for Surrey in April and May, 2007 as a substitute for Matthew Nicholson.

In 2015, Magoffin applied for a UK passport, thus making him a naturalised UK player.

Magoffin retired at the end of the 2018 English cricket season.

Western Australia cricket team
The Western Australian men's cricket team, formerly nicknamed the Western Warriors, represent the Australian state of Western Australia in Australian domestic cricket. The team is selected and supported by the Western Australian Cricket Association (WACA), and plays its home games at the WACA Ground and Perth Stadium in Perth.

The team mainly plays matches against other Australian states in the first-class Sheffield Shield competition and the 50 over One-Day Cup, but occasionally plays matches against touring international sides. Western Australia previously also fielded sides at Twenty20 level, but was replaced by the Perth Scorchers for the inaugural 2011–12 season of the Big Bash League. Western Australia's current captains are Sam Whiteman in the Sheffield Shield and Ashton Turner in the One-Day Cup, and the current coach is Adam Voges.
1991 Labatt Brier
The 1991 Labatt Brier, the Canadian men's curling championship, was held from March 3 to 10 in Hamilton, Ontario. The 1991 Brier also constituted the trials that decided the Canadian men's representatives for the curling tournament at the 1992 Winter Olympics.

In the final, Kevin Martin of Alberta defeated Randy Woytowich of Saskatchewan to win his first Brier.

Curling at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1992 Winter Olympics.  The competition was held in the patinoire olympique of Pralognan-la-Vanoise, a venue about 50 km from the host city, Albertville. The 1992 Winter Games was the third time curling was a demonstration sport at the Winter Olympics.
21 BC
Year 21 BC was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lollius and Lepidus (or, less frequently, year 733 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 21 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Common year starting on Wednesday
A common year starting on Wednesday is any non-leap year (a year with 365 days) that begins on Wednesday, January 1, and ends on 
Wednesday,  December 31. Its dominical letter hence is E. The most recent year of such kind was 2025, and the next one will be 2031, or, likewise, 2026 and 2037 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. This common year is one of the three possible common years in which a century year can begin on, and occurs in century years that yield a remainder of 200 when divided by 400. The most recent such year was 1800, and the next one will be 2200.

Any common year that starts on Wednesday has only one Friday the 13th: the only one in this common year occurs in June. Leap years starting on Tuesday share this characteristic.

This year has four months (February, March, June and November) which begin on a weekend-day.
Rings (2005 film)
Rings is a 2005 American supernatural horror short film directed by Jonathan Liebesman, who co-wrote with Ehren Kruger. It serves as a sequel to The Ring (2002) and a prelude to the opening sequence of The Ring Two (2005), both written by Kruger. The film was initially released by DreamWorks Home Entertainment on March 8, 2005, as an extra disc with a re-release of the first film on DVD.

Ehren Kruger
Ehren Kruger (born October 5, 1972) is an American film screenwriter and producer. He is best known for writing three of the five installments in the original Transformers film series: Revenge of the Fallen, Dark of the Moon, and Age of Extinction, in addition to the American version of The Ring and its sequel The Ring Two and the American adaptation of Ghost in the Shell.

For his work on Top Gun: Maverick, Kruger was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
Mel Miller (comedian)
Mel Miller (born 14 October 1943) is a South African stand-up comedian and celebrity.

With friend Mel Green, Mel Miller began his career in 1963 as the comedy duo Mel and Mel. He also worked as a radio actor on the programmes Jet Jungle, The World of Hammond Innes, Marriage Lines and Squad Cars for Springbok Radio.

With the introduction of television in South Africa in 1976, Miller became famous for his appearance in the comedy Biltong and Potroast. In addition, he has since appeared on The Everywhere Express, Us Animals and Punchline.

In the late 80's, Miller was harassed by the Security Branch of the South African Police for his anti-government sentiment, and afterward withdrew from the limelight until being convinced to return to public performance by Joe Parker in 1990.

Miller appeared as one of the contestant panelists on the SABC2 game show Where Were You?, from August to November, 2008.

South African Police
The South African Police (SAP) was the national police force and law enforcement agency in South Africa from 1913 to 1994; it was the de facto police force in the territory of South West Africa (Namibia) from 1939 to 1981. After South Africa's transition to majority rule in 1994, the SAP was reorganized into the South African Police Service (SAPS).
Missonga, Ontario
Missonga is an unincorporated place and railway point in geographic Shenango Township, in the Unorganized North part of Sudbury District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental railway main line between the railway point of Oatland to the west and the dispersed rural community of Shawmere to the east, has a railway siding, and is passed but not served by Via Rail transcontinental Canadian trains. Missonga is on Shenango Lake, at a point where Mishionga Creek leaves the lake; Mishionga Creek is a left tributary of the Shawmere River.

Transcontinental railroad
A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks may be via the tracks of a single railroad, or via several railroads owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route. Although Europe is crisscrossed by railways, the railroads within Europe are usually not considered transcontinental, with the possible exception of the historic Orient Express.
Transcontinental railroads helped open up interior regions of continents not previously colonized to exploration and settlement that would not otherwise have been feasible. In many cases, they also formed the backbones of cross-country passenger and freight transportation networks. Many of them continue to have an important role in freight transportation, and some such as the Trans-Siberian Railway even have passenger trains going from one end to the other.
The Book and the Sword (1960 film)
The Book and the Sword (書劍恩仇錄) is a 1960 Hong Kong wuxia film adapted from the novel of the same title by Jin Yong. Directed and written by Lee Sun-fung, the film was divided into two parts, respectively released on 4 May and 9 June 1960 in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Movie Database
The Hong Kong Movie Database (HKMDB) is a bilingual (English and Chinese) website started in 1995 by Ryan Law. It provides a repository for information about movies originating from Hong Kong and the people who created them.

The database was initially populated with data on over 6000 films, and reviews from the defunct database hosted at egret0.stanford.edu. In subsequent years it  has expanded to contain information on more than 20,000 films and nearly 100,000 people, and includes films mainly from Taiwan and China. Additionally, Chinese-language Malaysian and Singaporean movies and few films from other countries (mainly from Hollywood) co-produced by Hong Kong, Chinese and Taiwanese film companies are also included in the database.
Castra Albana
The Castra Albana [ˈkastra alˈbaːna] was an ancient Roman legionary fortress of the Legio II Parthica founded by the Emperor Septimius Severus (193–211) on the site of the present Albano Laziale.

It was the only permanent legionary fortress in Italy and had the role of protecting the emperor, while all other legions were distributed through the provinces for defence of the empire. It was located near to the imperial villa at the present Castel Gandolfo, and only about 20 km from Rome.

Today the remains of building both inside the castra and in the neighbouring civilian settlement, such as the so-called Baths of Caracalla and the Amphitheatre, can still be seen.

Peperino
Peperino is an Italian word describing a brown or grey volcanic tuff, containing fragments of basalt and limestone, with disseminated crystals of augite, mica, magnetite, leucite, and other similar minerals. The name originally referred to the dark-colored inclusions, suggestive of peppercorns.

The typical peperino occurs in the Alban Hills and in Soriano nel Cimino, near Rome, and was used by the ancient Romans under the name of lapis albanus as a building stone and for the basins of fountains.

Other tuffs and conglomerates in Auvergne and elsewhere are also called peperino.  In English the word has sometimes been written "peperine".

Lazian peperino is a cousin to piperno tuff from Campania.
Fall Fast in Love
"Fall Fast in Love" is a song by American rapper and singer Rod Wave, released on September 27, 2024, through Alamo Records as the second single from his sixth studio album Last Lap. It was written alongside producers Chris Made, FlexOnDaTrack, Neeko Baby, and T Five.

Alamo Records
Alamo Records (previously Cold Heat Records) is an American record label that was founded in 2016 by American music industry executive, Todd Moscowitz. It is currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment. The label, which is based in New York City, holds thirty-four artists including Rod Wave and Lil Durk.
Up and Down (Vengaboys song)
"Up and Down" is a song by Dutch Eurodance group Vengaboys. Originally released in the Netherlands in February 1998, it reached number four in the United Kingdom in November 1998. It also reached number one on the US Dance Club Play chart in 1999. The Tin Tin Out remix of the song was sampled in DMC's remix of Cher's "Believe". The "Wooo!" voice in the song is sampled from "Crash Goes Love" by Loleatta Holloway. The accompanying music video was directed by Wendelien van Diepen and produced by Zapruder films. The scenario is by Hilde Pat.

Eurodance
Eurodance (sometimes referred to as Euro-NRG) is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the late 1980s in Europe. It combines many elements of rap, techno and Eurodisco. This genre of music is heavily influenced by the use of rich vocals, sometimes with rapped verses. This, combined with cutting-edge synthesizers, strong bass rhythm and melodic hooks, establishes the core foundation of Eurodance music.
Kelafo
Kelafo (Somali: Qalaafe; Somali pronunciation: [qalaːfe], Amharic: ቀላፎ, romanized: Qällafo) is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Kelafo Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 05°35′20″N 44°12′20″E﻿ / ﻿5.58889°N 44.20556°E﻿ / 5.58889; 44.20556 and an elevation of 233 meters above sea level.

The regional successor to the Muslim states of Ifat and Adal, the Ajuran Sultanate, governed its territories from Qalafo along the upper Shabelle River in eastern Ogaden until its decline in the 17th century.

The UN-OCHA-Ethiopia website provides details of the health clinic in Kelafo, which was built in 1991 with funds and equipment provided by the Australian government. Kelafo is served by an airport (ICAO code HAKL), and a bridge across the Shebelle River which was scoured in the May 1995 floods.

Somali Region
The Somali Region (Somali: Dawlad Deegaanka Soomaalida, Amharic: ሱማሌ ክልል, romanized: Sumalē Kilil, Arabic: المنطقة الصومالية), also known as Soomaali Galbeed (lit. 'Western Somalia') and officially the Somali Regional State, is a regional state in eastern Ethiopia. It is the second largest region of Ethiopia in terms of area. The state borders the Ethiopian regions of Afar and Oromia to the west, as well as Djibouti to the north, Somaliland to the northeast, Somalia to the east and south; and Kenya to the southwest. Jijiga is the capital of the state.

The Somali regional government is composed of the executive branch, led by the President; the legislative branch, which comprises the State Council; and the judicial branch, which is led by the State Supreme Court.
Joseph Smith (pianist)
Joseph Robert Smith (July 4, 1948 – March 23, 2015) was an American pianist, author, and lecturer.  The son of Robert Paul Smith and Elinor Goulding Smith, Smith was a long-time student of pianist Seymour Bernstein.

Amy Beach
Amy Marcy Cheney Beach (September 5, 1867 – December 27, 1944) was an American composer and pianist. She was the first successful American female composer of large-scale art music. Her "Gaelic" Symphony, premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1896, was the first symphony composed and published by an American woman. She was one of the first American composers of her era to succeed without the benefit of European training, and was known as one of the most respected and acclaimed American composers. As a pianist, she was acclaimed for concerts she gave featuring her own music in the United States and in Germany.
Novotrans
Novotrans Group of Companies is a large-scale Russian transportation and logistic enterprise. It provides freight railway operations using its own massive rolling stock, stevedoring operations, as well as carriage construction and maintenance. The holding comprises over 30 companies in various regions of Russia and CIS employing a workforce exceeding 5,000 individuals. It is headed by the President Konstantin Goncharov.

Kashira
Kashira (Russian: Каши́ра) is a town and the administrative center of Kashirsky District in Moscow Oblast, located on the Oka River 115 kilometers (71 mi) south of Moscow. Population:  41,870 (2010 census); 40,898 (2002 census); 44,110 (1989 Soviet census).
Top Chef Masters season 1
The first season of the American reality competition show Top Chef Masters was broadcast on Bravo. It is a spin-off of Bravo's hit show Top Chef. In the first season, 24 world-renowned chefs competed against each other in weekly challenges. The program took place in Los Angeles. In the season finale that premiered on August 19, 2009, Rick Bayless was crowned Top Chef Master.

Roy Yamaguchi
Roy Yamaguchi (born 1956) is a Japanese-American celebrity chef, restaurateur, and founder of a collection of restaurants, including 30 Roy's Restaurants in the United States and Guam, the Tavern by Roy Yamaguchi and Eating House 1849. He is one of the founding members of the Hawaii Regional Cuisine movement.
Manuel Taboada
Manuel Baldomero Taboada (Villa Matará, Sarmiento Department, Santiago del Estero Province, 27 February 1817 – Santiago del Estero, 7 September 1871) was an Argentine politician, general, governor of Santiago del Estero for more than 20 years, and an ally of President Bartolomé Mitre.

Santiago Derqui
Santiago Rafael Luis Manuel José María Derqui Rodríguez (Córdoba June 21, 1809 – Corrientes November 5, 1867) was president of Argentina from March 5, 1860 to November 5, 1861. He was featured on the 10 australes note, which is now obsolete.
1918 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1918 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented The Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi (now known as Mississippi State University) as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1918 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Stanley L. Robinson, the Aggies compiled an overall record of 3–2, with a mark of 2–0 in conference play. Mississippi A&M played home games at the New Athletic Field in Starkville, Mississippi. The season is the only with two Egg Bowl victories.

1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season  was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1918 college football season. The season began on September 28.

Georgia Tech was conference champion. Center Bum Day was the first Southern player ever selected to Walter Camp's All-America first-team.
Benue South senatorial district
Benue South senatorial district covers Ado, Agatu, Apa, Obi, Ogbadibo, Ohimini, Oju, Okpokwu, Otukpo and Gboko. The district has produced two Senate presidents, Ameh Ebute who was president in the third republic and shortest serving president, and David Mark, the longest serving president of the Nigerian Senate. It is the only district to produce two Senate presidents with Benue State being the only state to produce three Senate presidents with Iyorchia Ayu from Benue North-West also serving as Senate president in the third republic. David Mark was first elected in 1999 and left at the end of his 5th term in the Senate in 2019 (after serving for 20 years). The current representative of Benue South is Abba Moro of the People's Democratic Party, PDP.

Ogbadibo
Ogbadibo is a Local Government Area of Benue State, North Central, Nigeria. It has three districts namely: Orokam, Owukpa, and Otukpa.  The Local Government's headquarters is located in Otukpa Town.

It has an area of 598 km2 and a population of 128,707 as at the 2006 census.