hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monarchism in Brazil
The political movements for the re-adoption of monarchy in Brazil has taken place as a series of uprisings and political acts, usually in a fragmented way and peripherally to larger causes. It has been fringe historically and remains a small movement to this day. It advocates restoration of the constitutional monarchy under the Brazilian imperial family, a cadet branch of the House of Braganza, which ruled Brazil for 72 years as the kingdom and later Empire of Brazil until the monarchy was abolished in 1889 by a military coup d'état that gave rise to the First Brazilian Republic.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Las Vegas Strip Circuit
The Las Vegas Strip Circuit is a street circuit around parts of the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, immediately adjacent to Las Vegas, Nevada. It winds through the streets of the city and comprises the Las Vegas Strip, a section of Las Vegas Boulevard that is home to the city's major hotels and casinos. It incorporates some of the most notable landmarks of the city, including MSG Sphere, Caesars Palace, Bellagio, and Paris Las Vegas.

Designed by Carsten Tilke, the son of Formula One circuit designer Hermann Tilke, the circuit broke ground in March 2022 and opened on November 16, 2023, during the weekend of the first Las Vegas Grand Prix.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
1980 Congoleum Classic
The 1980 Congoleum Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th edition of the Indian Wells Masters and was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix. It was played at the Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California in the United States and began on February 11, 1980.

Rancho Mirage, California
Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The city is a low-density desert community with resorts, golf courses, and country clubs within the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert. Nestled along the foothills of the Santa Rosa Mountains in the south, it is located several minutes east of Palm Springs. The city is adjacent to Cathedral City, Palm Desert, and unincorporated Thousand Palms. The population was 16,999 at the 2020 census, down from 17,218 at the 2010 census, though the seasonal population can exceed 20,000. Incorporated in 1973, Rancho Mirage is one of the nine cities of the Coachella Valley.

The city has been nicknamed "Playground of the Presidents" and "Golf Capital of the World". The city has hosted and currently hosts a variety of golf and tennis tournaments, including the Ryder Cup, Desert Classic (PGA Tour), Davis Cup, and the LPGA Tour (Chevron Championship).
Gaston Dorren
Gaston Dorren is a Dutch language expert, journalist, and writer.  He was born in Valkenburg aan de Geul, Netherlands and currently resides in Amersfoort, Netherlands with his wife Marleen Bekker.  Dorren is a polyglot who is able to speak six different languages and read nine more.  Dorren has achieved a modicum of international success, with Lingo being published in 12 different languages  and Babel in 15.  He also developed an app called The Language Lovers Guide to Europe, but it is no longer available.

Dorren wrote his most recent work, Babel, entirely in both English and Dutch himself.    The book was awarded the Dutch Language Book Prize 2019 by the language magazine Onze Taal and the Belgian-Dutch cultural association ANV.  His works have received positive reviews from publications such as Kirkus Reviews, The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal, and BBC

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
Anacé
The Anacé are an Indigenous people of northeastern Brazil, whose traditional territory lies in the coastal and hinterland regions of Ceará, especially in the municipalities of Caucaia and São Gonçalo do Amarante.

Caucaia
Caucaia is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Ceará.  As of 2024, it had a population of 382,450. It is home to the Tapeba tribe, a native group organized in 17 villages around the metropolitan region of Fortaleza. Caucaia has the second biggest GDP in Ceara state, thanks to the industries surrounding the port of Pecem, which attract several investors interested in installing offshore windfarms and desalination plants in the municipality.
Nestler
Nestler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Britta Nestler (born 1972), German materials scientist

Chrétien Géofroy Nestler (1778–1832), French botanist and pharmacist

Christine Nestler (born 1940), German cross-country skier

Elisabeth Nestler (born 1951), Austrian figure skater

Eric J. Nestler, American neuroscientist and academic

Gaby Nestler, East German cross-country skier

Gerry Nestler, American musician

Johann Karl Nestler (1783–1842), Czech-German scientist

Vincenzo Nestler (1912–1988), Italian chess player

Chrétien Géofroy Nestler
Chrétien Géofroy Nestler, name also given as Christian Gottfried Nestler (1 March 1778, Strasbourg – 2 October 1832), was a botanist and pharmacist from Alsace.

He studied under Louis Claude Richard in Paris, and in 1806–1810 served as a military pharmacist. He was later a professor of botany to the faculty of medicine at the University of Strasbourg and a chief pharmacist of Strasbourg hospices. In 1816 he was appointed director of the botanical garden at Strasbourg. Together with Jean-Baptiste Mougeot, Antoine Mougeot and  Wilhelm Philippe Schimper he edited some exsiccatae, among them Stirpes cryptogamae Vogeso-Rhenanae; quas in Rheni superioris inferiorisque, nec non Vogesorum praefecturis collegerunt (1843–1854).

As a taxonomist, he described a number of species within the genus Potentilla. The genus Nestlera (family Asteraceae) was named in his honor by Kurt Sprengel.
Igor Minin
Igor V. Minin (Russian: Игорь Владиленович Минин) (born 22 March 1960 in Akademgorodok,Novosibirsk), is a Russian physicist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Metrology, and a full professor of Physics at Tomsk Polytechnic University. He became known for his contributions to new directions in optical physics: terahertz 3D imaging, Mesotronics (mesoscale photonics), and subwavelength structured light, including acoustics and surface plasmon, as well as in high energy density physics.

Plasmon
In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. Just as light (an optical oscillation) consists of photons, the plasma oscillation consists of plasmons. The plasmon can be considered as a quasiparticle since it arises from the quantization of plasma oscillations, just like phonons are quantizations of mechanical vibrations. Thus, plasmons are collective (a discrete number) oscillations of the free electron gas density. For example, at optical frequencies, plasmons can couple with a photon to create another quasiparticle called a plasmon polariton.

The field of study and manipulation of plasmons is called plasmonics.
Țintești
Țintești is a commune in Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Maxenu, Odaia Banului, Pogonele, and Țintești.

In 2021, there was a proposal to unite Țintești with the city of Buzău. This would be part of the "Buzău Mare 2021" ("Greater Buzău 2021") project, aiming to double Buzău in size and to develop the city more extensively once united with Țintești. This new Buzău would have around 120,000 inhabitants and the planned A7 motorway would go through the middle of it. The idea came from the mayor of Buzău, Constantin Toma. On 26 September 2021, a referendum was done to decide this, and 43.03% of the inhabitants of Țintești voted on it. However, only 10.03% of those of Buzău did so, and given the low turnout, below the legal threshold of 30%, the results were considered null and Țintești and Buzău remained separate.

A7 motorway (Romania)
The A7 motorway (Romanian: Autostrada A7), also known as the Ploiești–Siret Motorway (Romanian: Autostrada Ploiești–Siret) or the Moldavia Motorway (Romanian: Autostrada Moldovei), is a partially built motorway in Romania, that upon completion will link Ploiești to the north-eastern part of the country, partly along the Pan-European Corridor IX. It will run along the route: Buzău, Focșani, Bacău, Roman, Pașcani, and Suceava, connecting to Ukraine's M19 highway near Siret.

As of December 2025, several segments of the motorway are done, totaling to 211.9 km of opened motorway. All other sections of the motorway are in various stages of tendering and construction.

The Pașcani – Siret section will be financed through EU funds, while the government wants the Ploiești – Pașcani section (excluding the Bacău bypass) to be financed through the Romanian PNRR (short for Planul Național de Redresare și Reziliență, part of the Next Generation EU package).
Harvey I. Sloane
Harvey I. Sloane (born May 11, 1936), a physician and Democrat, served two terms as mayor of Louisville, Kentucky, and also a term as county judge-executive of Jefferson County, Kentucky. He narrowly lost two Democratic primaries for governor of Kentucky and lost a race for the United States Senate to incumbent Mitch McConnell.

Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 782,969. It is the most populous county in the commonwealth (with more than twice the population of second ranked Fayette County).

Since a city-county merger in 2003, the county's territory, population and government have been coextensive with the city of Louisville, which also serves as county seat. The administrative entity created by this merger is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, abbreviated to Louisville Metro.

Jefferson County is the anchor of the Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, locally referred to as Kentuckiana.
Cultural depictions of the Salem witch trials
Cultural depictions of the Salem witch trials abound in art, literature and popular media in the United States, from the early 19th century to the present day. The literary and dramatic depictions are discussed in Marion Gibson's Witchcraft Myths in American Culture (New York: Routledge, 2007) and see also Bernard Rosenthal's Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692

Rebecca Nurse
Rebecca Nurse (née Towne; February 13, 1621 – July 19, 1692) was a woman who was accused of witchcraft and executed by hanging in New England during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. She was fully exonerated less than twenty years later.

She was the wife of Francis Nurse, and had several children. Rebecca was a well-respected member of the community. She was tried and convicted in the spring and summer of 1692 and executed on July 19. Her married sisters Mary Eastey and Sarah Cloyce were also accused. Mary was convicted and executed, but Sarah managed to survive.
Confédération Sénégalaise du Scoutisme
The Confédération Sénégalaise du Scoutisme, the national federation of several Scouting organizations of Senegal, was founded in 1930, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1963. The coeducational Confédération Sénégalaise du Scoutisme has 9,966 members as of 2011.

The Senegalese Scout Confederation is composed of two associations, Association des Scouts et Guides du Sénégal and the Éclaireuses et Éclaireurs du Sénégal. Both associations are open to boys and girls of any religion. There are sometimes joint leader training courses. Units are mixed at Cub and Rover level only. The units have joint activities in relation to national campaigns including child health projects.

A satellite office of the Africa Scout Region is located in Dakar.

In 1971, Albert A. N'Diaye was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
1971 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election
The 1971 South Carolina 1st congressional district special election was held on April 27, 1971, to select a Representative for the 1st congressional district to serve out the remainder of the term for the 92nd Congress.  The special election resulted from the death of longtime Representative L. Mendel Rivers on December 28, 1970.  Mendel Jackson Davis, a former aide to Rivers and his godson, won a surprising victory in the Democratic primary and went on to win the general election against Republican challenger James B. Edwards.

L. Mendel Rivers
Lucius Mendel Rivers (September 28, 1905 – December 28, 1970) was a Democratic U.S. representative from South Carolina, representing the Charleston-based 1st congressional district for nearly 30 years. As chair of the House Armed Services Committee, Rivers developed a reputation for his unwavering support of American involvement in the Vietnam War. His reputation suffered as the American public at large turned against further escalation in the Vietnam War. In 1968, Rivers condemned American servicemen who attempted to stop the My Lai massacre, labeling them as "traitors". Rivers served in the House until his death in 1970.
NASCAR Cup Series at Texas Motor Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held at the Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas since 1997. The race's trophy is in the shape of a cowboy hat on top of a piston. Traditionally, the winning driver wears a black cowboy hat and fires a couple of six-shooters in the air on victory lane.

Green–white–checkered finish
In North American auto racing, a green–white–checker finish (GWC) is a racing restart procedure in which the race is restarted from a caution period with 2 laps remaining. When the race distance is extended to accommodate such a finish, it is also sometimes known as an overtime finish. The name alludes to three racing flags:

Green flag: shown to start or restart the race

White flag: shown at the start of the last lap

Checkered flag: shown at the finish of the race

The prescribed number of final laps is usually two. If a caution flag is shown within the specified number of laps of the scheduled finish, then the number of remaining laps will not be decremented until the green flag is shown again. The exact provisions vary between organizations. For some years after 2007, NASCAR on Fox referred to the extra laps after the scheduled number as Overdrive, an allusion to the term overtime used in many other sports. NASCAR officially adopted the term "NASCAR Overtime" in 2016.
Graham E. Fuller
Graham E. Fuller (November 28, 1936 – January 29, 2026) was an American author and political analyst, specializing in Islamist extremism. Formerly vice-chair of the National Intelligence Council, he also served as Station Chief in Kabul for the CIA. A "think piece" that Fuller wrote for the CIA was identified as instrumental in leading to the Iran–Contra affair.  As of 2024, Fuller was a member of Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity.

After a career in the United States State Department and CIA lasting 27 years, he joined Rand Corporation as senior political scientist specializing in the Middle East. As of 2006, he was affiliated with the Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia, as an adjunct professor of history. He is the author of a number of books, including The Future of Political Islam.

Adjunct professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, but the term is generally agreed to mean a bona-fide part-time faculty member in an adjunct position at an institution of higher education.
Earthstar Thunder Gull
The Earthstar Thunder Gull is a family of cantilever high-wing, tricycle gear ultralight aircraft, manufactured by Earthstar Aircraft of Santa Margarita, California as a kit for amateur construction or as a completed aircraft.

Hirth F-33
The Hirth F-33 is a single cylinder, two stroke, carburetted aircraft engine designed for use on ultralight aircraft, including powered paragliders and ultralight trikes. The engine is noted for its extremely light base weight of 35 lb (16 kg). It is manufactured by Hirth of Germany.
Urry
Urry is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Urry (born 1952), New Zealand Olympic sailor

Francis L. Urry, American actor

James Urry, New Zealand anthropologist

Sir John Urry (soldier) (died 1650), Scottish royalist soldier

John Urry (literary editor) (1666–1715), literary editor, son of Sir William Urry

John Urry (sociologist)

Lewis Urry, Canadian inventor

Meg Urry, American astrophysicist

Michelle Urry, cartoon editor of Playboy

Phil Joel Urry, bassist for The Newsboys

Sir William Urry (died 1673–1677), Scottish royalist officer

Chris Urry
Christopher K. Urry (born 29 August 1952) is a former New Zealand male sailor. He represented New Zealand at the 1976 Summer Olympics and competed in the Soling event (mixed three person keelboat event) along with compatriot, Gavin Bornholdt.
Selby Ash
Selby Attree Horne Ash (c. 1836 – 8 September 1870) was an English cricketer. He played one first-class match for Cambridge University Cricket Club in 1858.

Ash was educated at Tonbridge School and Jesus College, Cambridge. He graduated from Cambridge University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1859, and was curate of Hadleigh, Suffolk from 1861 to 1863.

Jesus College, Cambridge
Jesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Jesus College was established in 1496 on the site of the twelfth-century Benedictine nunnery of St Mary and St Radegund by John Alcock, then Bishop of Ely. The cockerel is the symbol of Jesus College, after the surname of its founder. From 1560 to 1860, Jesus College was primarily a training college for Church of England clergy.

Jesus College has assets of approximately £375m making it Cambridge's seventh-wealthiest college. The college is known for its particularly expansive grounds which include its sporting fields and for its proximity to its boathouse. Three members of Jesus College have each received a Nobel Prize. Two fellows of the college have been appointed to the International Court of Justice.

Sonita Alleyne was elected master of Jesus College in 2019, 40 years after the college began admitting women as students. She is also the first black leader of an Oxbridge college.
David Macdonald (biologist)
David Whyte Macdonald CBE FRSE (born 1951) is a British zoologist and conservation biologist. He first became internationally known for his early research on red foxes, which led to award-winning documentary films and books, as well as contributions to wildlife conservation policy. He is best known as the founder of the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) at the University of Oxford, established in 1986, which he directed for 35 years. Macdonald is a Senior Research Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford with the Title of Distinction of Professor of Wildlife Conservation at the University of Oxford. He has been an active conservation biologist since graduating from Oxford in 1972, where he earned a BA (1972), MA (1973), DPhil (1977) and DSc (2004).

Zoological Society of London
The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity and organization devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. It was founded in 1826. Since 1828, it has maintained London Zoo, and since 1931 Whipsnade Zoo.
Jackson Vroman
Jackson Brett Vroman (June 6, 1981 – June 29, 2015) was an American-born Lebanese professional basketball player who starred at Iowa State University. Mr. Vroman was naturalized as a Lebanese citizen to play for the Lebanon national basketball team, replacing the other naturalized American Lebanese player, Joe Vogel. He is the son of former NBA player Brett Vroman, who played briefly for the Utah Jazz in the 1980–81 NBA season.

Lebanon men's national basketball team
The Lebanon men's national basketball team (Arabic: منتخب لبنان لكرة السلة; French: Équipe du Liban de basket-ball), controlled by the Lebanese Basketball Federation (FLB), has represented Lebanon in basketball since its inception in 1947. The squad is governed by FIBA, and is part of the FIBA Asia zone.

Lebanon has achieved success throughout its history, finishing as runners-up in the FIBA Asia Cup on four occasions: 2001, 2005, 2007, and most recently in 2022. The team has also made appearances in the FIBA World Championship on four occasions (2002, 2006, 2010, and 2023), but have not progressed beyond the preliminary round.