hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Baptist, Comte d'Arco
Generalfeldmarschall Jean Baptist, Comte d'Arco (born Johann Baptist; c. 1650 – 21 March 1715) was a German military officer, diplomat nobleman who served in the Bavarian Army and the Imperial Army during the Great Turkish War and the War of the Spanish Succession.

Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor
Imperial Army (Latin: Exercitus Imperatoris, German: Kaiserliche Armee) or Imperial troops (Kaiserliche Truppen or Kaiserliche) was a name used for several centuries, especially to describe soldiers recruited for, and under the command of the Holy Roman Emperor themself, during the early modern period. The Imperial Army of the Emperor should not be confused with the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (Exercitus Imperii (Romani), Reichsarmee, Armée du Saint-Empire), which could only be deployed with the consent of the Imperial Diet. Imperial units effectively became a standing army of troops under the Habsburg Emperors from the House of Austria, which is why they were also increasingly described in the 18th century as "Austrians", although its troops were recruited not just from the Archduchy of Austria but from all over the Holy Roman Empire.
Drosera slackii
Drosera slackii is a subtropical sundew native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. It forms rosettes that range from to two to four inches in diameter, and produces pink flowers. It is named after the British plantsman and author Adrian Slack (1933-2018).

Drosera slackii is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Swarg Yahan Narak Yahan
Swarg Yahan Narak Yahan (transl. Heaven is here, hell is here) is a 1991 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Vimal Kumar, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Shilpa Shirodkar, Sumalatha, Gulshan Grover, Adi Irani and Kader Khan. Mithun Chakraborty played a dual role in the film of both father and son in opposing characters. The film depicts the dynamics of upbringing of children by parents and how few wrong practices of parents can misguide their children.

Shilpa Shirodkar
Shilpa Shirodkar (born 20 November 1973) is an Indian actress and former photo model who worked primarily in Hindi-language films from 1989 to 2000. After a 13-year hiatus from acting, she made her comeback to acting, this time on television in the Zee TV series Ek Mutthi Aasmaan in 2013. In 2024, she participated in Bigg Boss 18.
Monica Michel
Monica Michel (born 16 April 1955) is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who served as the member of the National Assembly from 2017 to 2022, representing the 16th district of Bouches-du-Rhône.

Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône (/ˌbuːʃ djuː ˈroʊn/ BOOSH dew ROHN; French: les Bouches-du-Rhône [le buʃ dy ʁon] ⓘ, locally [le ˈbuʃə dy ˈʁɔnə]; Occitan: lei Bocas de Ròse [lej ˈbukɔz de ˈʀɔze]; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne.

Marseille, France's second-largest city, has one of the largest container ports in the country. It prides itself on being France's oldest city, founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea around 600 BC. Bouches-du-Rhône is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, with 2,043,110 inhabitants as of 2019. It has an area of 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi). Its INSEE and postal code is 13.
Adriano Gerlin
Adriano Gerlin da Silva (born September 20, 1974), or simply Adriano, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

He was the top scorer at the 1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship, and won the Golden Ball at the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Supertoys Last All Summer Long
"Supertoys Last All Summer Long" is a science fiction short story by Brian Aldiss, first published in the UK edition of Harper's Bazaar, in its December 1969 issue. The story deals with humanity in an age of intelligent machines and of the aching loneliness endemic in an overpopulated future where child creation is controlled.

The short story was later used as the basis for the first act of the feature film A.I. Artificial Intelligence directed by Steven Spielberg in 2001. In the same year, the short story was republished in the eponymous Aldiss short-story collection Supertoys Last All Summer Long and Other Stories of Future Time, along with the tie-in stories Supertoys When Winter Comes and Supertoys in Other Seasons. Parts of two other Supertoys stories are also reflected in the film. The collection also contained a number of stories not tied to the Supertoys theme.

Overpopulation
Overpopulation or overabundance is a state in which the population of a species is larger than the carrying capacity of its environment. This may be caused by increased birth rates, lowered mortality rates, reduced predation or large scale migration, leading to an overabundant species and other animals in the ecosystem competing for food, space, and resources. The animals in an overpopulated area may then be forced to migrate to areas not typically inhabited, or die off without access to necessary resources.

Judgements regarding overpopulation always involve both facts and values. Animals are often judged overpopulated when their numbers cause impacts that people find dangerous, damaging, expensive, or otherwise harmful. Societies may be judged overpopulated when their human numbers cause impacts that degrade ecosystem services, decrease human health and well-being, or crowd other species out of existence.
1875 Rangitikei by-election
The 1875 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held on 24 April 1875 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate on the West Coast of the North Island.

The by-election was held because of the resignation of sitting member of parliament and previous Premier William Fox on 11 March 1875 
in order to pay an extended visit to England.

This election saw John Ballance narrowly win the seat by just seven votes over his main opponent, William Hogg Watt who had represented the Rangitikei electorate from 1866 to 1868 when he resigned. Conservative George Hutchison also ran. He was the son of William Hutchison a former mayor of Wellington and Member of Parliament, though performed poorly.

5th New Zealand Parliament
The 5th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. Elections for this term were held in 68 European electorates between 14 January and 23 February 1871. Elections in the four Māori electorates were held on 1 and 15 January 1871. A total of 78 MPs were elected. Parliament was prorogued in December 1875. During the term of this Parliament, six Ministries were in power.
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Azamgarh Weekly Express
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Azamgarh Weekly Express is an Express train of the Indian Railways connecting Lokmanya Tilak Terminus in Maharashtra and Azamgarh of Uttar Pradesh. It is currently being operated with 11053/11054 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Jabalpur Junction railway station
Jabalpur Junction railway station (Station Code: 
JBP), is an A1 category railway station of Jabalpur City in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur is the zonal and divisional headquarters of West Central Railway. It is located on the Mumbai-Prayagraj-Kolkata line. It has six main platforms. The railway station was ISO certified in April 2019. It is about 15 km from Dumna Airport and 3.7 km from Madan Mahal railway station.
Textile Centre
Textile Centre is a office-residential development in Kallang, Singapore. It is a 25-storey development occupying an area of 75,000 square feet. It houses shops, offices, residential apartments and a carpark. It was built for the purpose of resettling textile merchants affected by urban renewal in the 1970s.

Singapore dollar
The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen, Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn, Tamil: காசு, romanized: kācu). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.

As of 2024, the Singapore dollar is the 13th most traded currency in the world. Apart from its use in Singapore, the Singapore dollar is also accepted as customary tender in Brunei according to the Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam). Likewise, the Brunei dollar is also customarily accepted in Singapore.
Nuoro
Nuoro (Italian pronunciation: [ˈnuːoro] ⓘ or less correctly [ˈnwɔːro]; Sardinian: Nùgoro [ˈnuɣɔɾɔ]) is a city and municipality in central-eastern Sardinia in Italy, situated on the slopes of Mount Ortobene. It is the capital and largest city of the province of Nuoro. As of 2025, with a population of 33,106, it is the sixth-largest city in Sardinia. Its frazione (borough) of Lollove is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

As the birthplace of several renowned artists, including writers, poets, painters and sculptors, Nuoro hosts some of the most important museums in Sardinia. It is considered an important cultural center of the region and it has been referred to as the "Sardinian Athens". Nuoro is the hometown of Grazia Deledda, the only Italian woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Post-conceptual art
Post-conceptual, postconceptual, post-conceptualism or postconceptualism is an art theory that builds upon the legacy of conceptual art in contemporary art, where the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take some precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The term first came into art school parlance through the influence of John Baldessari at the California Institute of the Arts in the early 1970s. The writer Eldritch Priest, specifically ties John Baldessari's piece Throwing four balls in the air to get a square (best of 36 tries) from 1973 (in which the artist attempted to do just that, photographing the results, and eventually selecting the best out of 36 tries, with 36 being the determining number as that is the standard number of shots on a roll of 35mm film) as an early example of post-conceptual art. It is now often connected to generative art and digital art production.

California Institute of the Arts
The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) is a private art school in Santa Clarita, California. It was incorporated in 1961 as the first degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual and performing arts. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Musical Arts degrees.  It is located about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles.

The school was first envisioned by many benefactors in the early 1960s including Nelbert Chouinard, Walt Disney, Lulu Von Hagen, and Thornton Ladd.
The Citadel Bulldogs basketball, 1920–1929
The Citadel Bulldogs basketball teams represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.  The program was established in 1900–01, and has continuously fielded a team since 1912–13.  Their primary rivals are College of Charleston, Furman and VMI.

VMI Keydets basketball
The VMI Keydets basketball team represents the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia, in the sport of men's college basketball. They compete in the Southern Conference of the NCAA Division I. They have played their home games in Cameron Hall since 1981. VMI has played basketball since 1908, and had played in the Southern Conference (SoCon) until 2003, when they moved to the Big South. VMI rejoined the SoCon on July 1, 2014. They are coached by Andrew Wilson. The Keydets have appeared three times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 1977; their tournament drought is the ninth longest in history.

Notably, VMI is one of only two Division I schools that do not sponsor women's basketball. The other is fellow Southern Conference member and senior military college: The Citadel.
Igluhugyuk
Igluhugyuk formerly Iglorua Island is an uninhabited island within the Arctic Archipelago in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. It is located in Bathurst Inlet. Other islands in the vicinity include Algaq, Kanuyak Island, Iqalulialuk, Shoe Island, Walrus Island, Marcet Island, and Qikiqtaryuaq.

Bathurst Inlet
Bathurst Inlet, officially Kiluhiqtuq, is a deep inlet located along the northern coast of the Canadian mainland, at the east end of Coronation Gulf,  into which the Burnside and Western rivers empty. The name, or its native equivalent Kingoak (Qingaut, nose mountain), is also used to identify the community of Bathurst Inlet located on the shore. Melville Sound opens into the eastern side of the inlet at Cape Croker, west of the Hurd Islands.
Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park
The Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park (Romanian: Parcul Natural Dumbrava Sibiului) (natural park category V IUCN) is a protected area situated in central Romania, in Sibiu County, in administrative territory of Sibiu city.

Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).
Alena Belyaeva
Alena Belyaeva (born February 13, 1992) is a Russian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for BIIK Kazygurt at the Kazakhstani women's football championship.

Belyaeva was in the 23-players squad that represented Russia at the UEFA Women's Euro 2017, although she didn't play any of the team's matches in the competition.

Kazakhstani women's football championship
The Kazakhstani women's football championship  is contested in the top level women's football league in Kazakhstan. Before 1991, some Kazakh women's clubs had competed in the Soviet Union women's league system, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union most women's teams left for Russia or simply dissolved.

The number of teams varies from year to year. In 2008 there were 4 teams, 7 in 2009 and 5 in 2015.

The league is played on several matchdays a summer. With now 5 teams, there will be 4 matchdays, actually about a week long, which features a full round robin (so 10 matches, two per day). The winner after the last matchday is the champion and qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League.
Visual dictionary
A visual dictionary is a dictionary that primarily uses pictures to illustrate the meaning of words.  Visual dictionaries are often organized by themes, instead of being an alphabetical list of words.  For each theme, an image is labeled with the correct word to identify each component of the item in question.  Visual dictionaries can be monolingual or multilingual, providing the names of items in several languages.  An index of all defined words is usually included to assist finding the correct illustration that defines the word.

Some international visual dictionary publishers include Oxford University Press and Dorling Kindersley.

Dorling Kindersley
Dorling Kindersley Limited (branded as DK) is a British multinational publishing company specialising in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 63 languages. 
It is part of Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
Established in 1974, DK publishes a range of titles in genres including travel (including DK Eyewitness Travel), history, geography, science, space, nature, sports, gardening, cookery, parenting and many others. DK has offices in New York, Melbourne, London, Munich, New Delhi, Toronto, Madrid, Beijing, and Jiangmen.
DK works with licensing partners such as Disney, LEGO, DC Comics, the Royal Horticultural Society, MasterChef, and the Smithsonian Institution. 
DK has commissioned authors such as Mary Berry, Monty Don, Robert Winston, Huw Richards, and Steve Mould for a range of books.
Happy Home (song)
"Happy Home" is a song by Danish DJ Hedegaard featuring the vocals of Lukas Graham. The song was co-written by Hedegaard himself and Lukas Graham Forchhammer (Lukas Graham). Released on Copenhagen Records in association with Universal Music Denmark, it reached number one on Hitlisten, the Danish Official Singles Chart.

The song received heavy play on the Danish radio station P3 and was put in heavy rotation on several other Danish radio stations. On streaming and sale, it was number one for several weeks in Denmark and now has accumulated more than 31 million streams total (until February 2015).

After a performance of the song on the Norwegian talk show Senkveld med Thomas og Harald, it became number one on the Norwegian iTunes and was certified 3× Platinum on streaming in Norway. and peaked at number four on VG-lista, the official Norwegian Singles Chart. It also cracked the top 40 on Sverigetopplistan, the official Swedish Singles Chart.

VG-lista
VG-lista is the primary Norwegian record chart, charting albums and singles from Norwegian and international artists. It is presented weekly in the newspaper VG. The data is collected by Nielsen Soundscan International and based on the sales in approximately 100 shops in Norway. The singles chart started as a top 10 chart in week 42 of 1958 and was expanded to a top 20 chart in week 5 of 1995, the same time as the albums chart, which started as a top 20 chart in week 1 of 1967, was expanded to a top 40 chart. It expanded even further into a top 100 chart in week 14 of 2025.
Daviesia buxifolia
Daviesia buxifolia, commonly known as box-leaf bitter-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is an open shrub with egg-shaped to round phyllodes and yellow or yellowish-orange and maroon-brown flowers.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
CCC Film
CCC Film (German: Central Cinema Compagnie-Film GmbH) is a German film production company founded in 1946 by Artur Brauner. A Polish Jew who survived the Nazi era by fleeing to the Soviet Union, he lost dozens of relatives to the Nazis. His primary interest was making films about the Nazi era, but after his first such film failed at the box office, throwing him into debt, he began producing entertainment films, the commercial success of which then financed his Holocaust-related films, some of which also became successful. In 2009, Brauner donated 21 Holocaust-related films to Yad Vashem.

Robert Siodmak
Robert Siodmak (/siˈɒd.mæk/; 8 August 1900 – 10 March 1973) was a German film director, screenwriter, and producer. His career spanned some 40 years, working extensively in the United States and France, as well as in his native country.

Though he worked in many genres, he was best known as a skilled craftsman of thrillers and film noir, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for The Killers (1946). Later in his career, he won the Golden Bear for Die Ratten (1955) and the German Film Award for Best Director for The Devil Strikes at Night (1957).

His brother was writer and filmmaker Curt Siodmak.
Wendy Flavell
Wendy Ruth Flavell CChem CPhys FInstP (born 1 September 1961) is Vice Dean for Research and a Professor of Surface Physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester. Her research investigates the electronic structure of complex metal oxides, chalcogenides, photoemission and photovoltaics.

Oxide
An oxide (/ˈɒksaɪd/) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O2− ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al2O3 (called a passivation layer) that protects the foil from further oxidation.
Joseph Werbrouck
Joseph Werbrouck (10 January 1882 – 3 June 1974) was a Belgian track cyclist who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908 he won the bronze medal in the 20 kilometres competition. He also competed in the 660 yards event but was eliminated in the first round.

Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 660 yards
The men's 660 yards was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. It was the shortest of the events. The 1908 Games was the only time when the 660 yards event was part of the Olympic cycling program. Each nation could enter a maximum of 12 cyclists.