hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fred White (marshal)
Frederick G. White (c. 1849 – October 30, 1880) was an American lawman and the first town marshal (equivalent to chief of police) of the mining boomtown of Tombstone, Arizona Territory. White was elected to the position on January 6, 1880. At the time, Tombstone was still an emerging frontier town with fewer than 1,000 residents, and did not become an official city, with over 1,000 residents, until a year later. Before that time, White died in office following a notorious accidental shooting, and was succeeded by Virgil Earp.

Tombstone, Arizona
Tombstone is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States, founded in 1879 by prospector Ed Schieffelin in what was then Pima County, Arizona Territory. It became one of the last boomtowns in the American frontier. The town grew significantly into the mid-1880s as the local mines produced $40 to $85 million in silver bullion, the largest productive silver district in Arizona. Its population grew from 100 to around 14,000 in less than seven years. It is best known as the site of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and draws most of its revenue from tourism. The city had a permanent population of 1,308, according to the 2020 census.
High-bit-rate digital subscriber line 2
High-bit-rate digital subscriber line 2 (HDSL2) is a standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Committee T1E1.4 and published in 2000 as ANSI T1.418-2000. Like its predecessor HDSL, HDSL2 provides a symmetric data rate of 1,544 kbit/s in both the upstream and downstream directions at a noise margin of 5-6 dB. Its primary purpose was also to provision a T-1 line, only this technology relies on fewer wires - two instead of four - and therefore costs less to set up. The modulation technique used in HDSL2 is TC-PAM, which is also used in G.SHDSL, as opposed to 2B1Q in HDSL. Spectral shaping is applied to increase compatibility with ADSL and HDSL2 on the same bundle. HDSL4 provides the same bitrate as HDSL2, but uses four wires instead of two, to increase robustness. On an AWG26 local loop, the reach of HDSL2 is 9,000 feet (2.7 km), while that of HDSL4 is 11,000 feet (3.4 km).

Digital Signal 1
Digital Signal 1 (DS1, sometimes DS-1) is a T-carrier signaling scheme devised by Bell Labs. DS1 is the primary digital telephone standard used in the United States, Canada and Japan and is able to transmit up to 24 multiplexed voice and data calls over telephone lines. E-carrier is used in place of T-carrier outside the United States, Canada, Japan, and South Korea. DS1 is the logical bit pattern used over a physical T1 line; in practice, the terms DS1 and T1 are often used interchangeably.
Vincent Duggleby
Charles Vincent Anstey Duggleby MBE (23 January 1939 – 7 June 2024) was a British presenter of the long-running personal finance series on BBC Radio 4, Money Box until 2014.
An expert on UK paper money, Duggleby published a reference work on the subject which is now in its 10th edition.

Money Box (radio programme)
Money Box is a weekly personal finance radio programme on BBC Radio 4, produced by BBC News, currently presented by Paul Lewis. The programme is broadcast live each Saturday in the half-hour slot just after midday. It is repeated on Sunday evenings just after 9.00pm.
Sudan Founding Alliance
The Sudan Founding Alliance also known as Tasis  or Tasees, is an alliance of Sudanese anti-governmental political factions and paramilitary forces formed in February 2025 during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present).

Abdelaziz al-Hilu
Abdelaziz Adam al-Hilu (born 7 July 1954) is a Sudanese politician who has been serving as the vice chairman of the Government of Peace and Unity since 2025. He is also the leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (al-Hilu)
Muralt Wall
A muralt wall is a small wall on top of a dyke, that was used as an alternative and cheaper way of raising the dykes. A muralt wall consists of three or four horizontal concrete plates of about a meter high in between concrete uprights.

Muralt walls were invented by R.R.L. de Muralt, esq. who was head of technical service of the Schouwen water authority between 1903 and 1913. After the storm surge of 1906 de Muralt developed a cheap way to raise dykes without having to widen the dyke's body. Between 1906 and 1935 around 120 km of muralt walls were put into place, about a third of all Zeelandish coastal dykes at the time. However, during the North Sea flood of 1953 it turned out that they were not adequate. Because of this most Muralt walls were removed during the dyke heightening after 1953.

Around Wolphaartsdijk, the Rattekaai, Scharendijke, Kortgene and Terneuzen diverse remnants of the muralt walls have been preserved. These remnants have gained the status of rijksmonument.

Schouwen
Schouwen is the name of a former island of the Dutch province of Zeeland.

The island of Schouwen was joined to Duiveland in 1610, forming the island of Schouwen-Duiveland. It is the western part of the current island.
Jambudwip
21°34′52″N 88°10′58″E﻿ / ﻿21.5811°N 88.1828°E﻿ / 21.5811; 88.1828
Jambudwip is a of an isolated island situated in the Bay of Bengal about 8 km to the southwest of Fraserganj/Bakkhali in the South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. It remains uninhabited except in the fishing season, between the months of October and February.

In the past, fishermen came from the Chittagong and Noakhali areas of Bangladesh for fishing. They developed special aptitude and traditional skills for marine fishing. The main reasons for using Jambudwip were the island's proximity to the fishing grounds, presence of a natural creek for safe harbouring of their boats, and supply of drinking water.

Tourists are not allowed on this island. However, there are small boats available from Fraserganj which take tourists around it. It is illegal to stop on the island so these boats take the tourists around without stopping.

Noakhali District
Noakhali District (Bengali: নোয়াখালী জেলা), historically known as Bhulua (Bengali: ভুলুয়া), is a district in southeastern Bangladesh, located in Chattogram Division. It was established as a district in 1821, and officially named Noakhali in 1868. The district's administrative center is situated in the town of Maijdee, governed by Noakhali municipality, within Noakhali Sadar Upazila. Notably, Noakhali is the only district in Bangladesh whose capital city does not share the district's name.
Guilinggao
Guilinggao (Chinese: 龜苓膏; pinyin: Guīlínggāo), literal translated as tortoise jelly (though not technically correct) or turtle powder, is a jelly-like Chinese medicine, also sold as a dessert. It was traditionally made from the gao, or paste of the plastron (bottom shell) from the turtle Cuora trifasciata (commonly known as "three-lined box turtle", or "golden coin turtle", 金錢龜) and a variety of herbal products, in particular, China roots Smilax glabra (土伏苓, Tu fu ling).
Although the critically endangered golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) is commercially farmed in modern China, it is extremely expensive; therefore, even when turtle-derived ingredients are used in commercially available guilinggao, they come from other, more commonly available, turtle species.

Commercially available guilinggao sold as a dessert might not contain significant turtle shell powder.

Turtle farming
Turtle farming is the practice of raising turtles and tortoises of various species commercially. Raised animals are sold for use as gourmet food, traditional medicine ingredients, or as pets. Some farms also sell young animals to other farms, either as breeding stock, or more commonly to be raised there to a larger size for subsequent resale.

Turtle farms primarily raise freshwater turtles (primarily, Chinese softshell turtles as a food source and sliders and cooter turtles for the pet trade); therefore, turtle farming is usually classified as aquaculture. However, some terrestrial tortoises (e.g. Cuora mouhotii) are also raised on farms for the pet trade.

Only three serious attempts are believed to have been made to farm sea turtles. 
Only one of them, in Cayman Islands, continues to operate.
The one in Australia's Torres Strait Islands folded after a few years of operation, and the one in Réunion has been converted to a public aquarium (Kélonia).
Albert Ashwood
Albert Ashwood (born 1959) is an American emergency management official from the State of Oklahoma. Ashwood is the current Director of the Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management (OEM). Ashwood has served as OEM Director since 1997 when he was appointed by Republican Governor of Oklahoma Frank Keating. Ashwood has since been retained by Democratic Governor Brad Henry in 2003 and Republican Governor Mary Fallin in 2011.

Frank Keating
Francis Anthony Keating II (born February 10, 1944, as David Rowland Keating) is an American attorney, politician and a former FBI special agent who served as the 25th governor of Oklahoma from 1995 to 2003.

As of the 2022 Oklahoma gubernatorial election, Keating is one of only five governors in Oklahoma history, in addition to George Nigh, Brad Henry, Mary Fallin, and Kevin Stitt to hold consecutive terms and the first Republican to accomplish that feat. As governor, he oversaw the state's response to the Oklahoma City bombing. His term was also marked by the enactment of welfare reform and tax cuts.

Keating oversaw the execution of 52 people under his term as governor, a record unmatched as of 2023.
Pi (letter)
Pi (/ˈpaɪ/ ⓘ; /piː/ or /peî/, uppercase Π, lowercase π, cursive ϖ; Greek: πι) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless bilabial plosive IPA: [p].  In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 80. It was derived from the Phoenician letter Pe (). Letters that arose from pi include Latin P, Cyrillic Pe (П, п), Coptic pi (Ⲡ, ⲡ), and Gothic pairthra (𐍀).

Coptic script
The Coptic script is the script used for writing the Coptic language, the most recent development of Egyptian. The repertoire of glyphs is based on the uncial Greek alphabet, augmented by letters borrowed from the Egyptian Demotic. It was the first alphabetic script used for the Egyptian language. There are several Coptic alphabets, as the script varies greatly among the various dialects and eras of the Coptic language.
Siomki
Siomki [ˈɕɔmki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Krzysztoporska, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Wola Krzysztoporska, 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 50 km (31 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Jüri Tuulik
Jüri Tuulik (22 February 1940 Abruka island, Saare County – 3 June 2014 Kuressaare) was an Estonian writer and playwright.

In 1963, he graduated from Tartu State University in Estonian philology. After graduating, he worked at the newspapers Edasi, Noorte Hääl and the journal Vesikaar. Since 1969, he was a professional writer.

His twin brother was the writer Ülo Tuulik and his cousin was writer Juhan Smuul. Since 1972, he was a member of Estonian Writers' Union.

Kuressaare
Kuressaare (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈkureˈsˑɑːre]) is a city on the island Saaremaa in Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Saaremaa Municipality and the seat of Saare County. Kuressaare is the westernmost town in Estonia. The recorded population on 1 January 2024 was 13,185.

The city is situated on the southern coast of Saaremaa, facing the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea, and is served by the Kuressaare Airport, Roomassaare harbour, and Kuressaare yacht harbour.
Ramjee Singh
Ramjee Singh (born 1927, India) is a former Member of Parliament and vice-chancellor of Jain Vishva Bharati University. He is an eminent Gandhian and is the author of a number of books on him. He was also the director of Gandhian Institute of Studies, Varanasi, India. 
In January 2020 he was awarded the fourth highest civilian award in the country: The Padma Shri for Social Work.
His life has been a blend of being a Gandhian academician as well as an activist. Singh has declared Mahatma Gandhi as the Bodhisattva of the 20th century.

Harijan Sevak Sangh
Harijan Sevak Sangh, formerly All India Anti Untouchability League, is a non-profit organisation founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 to eradicate untouchability in India, working for Harijan or Dalit people and upliftment of Depressed Class of India. It is headquartered at Kingsway Camp in Delhi, with branches in 26 states across India.
Jaccard
Jaccard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Auguste Jaccard (1833–1895), Swiss geologist and paleontologist

Fernand Jaccard (1907–2008), Swiss footballer

James Jaccard (born 1949), American psychologist and social work researcher

Marius Jaccard (1898–1978), Swiss ice hockey player

Mark Jaccard (born 1955) Canadian economist and academic

Jacques Jaccard (1886–1960), American director

Pascal Jaccard (born 1964), 1990 winner of the Swiss bike race Giro del Mendrisiotto

Paul Jaccard (1868–1944), Swiss botanist and academic

Richard Alonzo Jaccard (1918–1942), U.S. Navy ensign, USS Jaccard was named after him

Roland Jaccard (1941–2021), Swiss writer and psychologist

Francis Jaccard (1745–1862), a Vietnamese Martyr

Paul Jaccard
Paul Jaccard (18 November 1868 in Sainte-Croix – 9 May 1944 in Zurich) was a professor of botany and plant physiology at the ETH Zurich. He studied at the University of Lausanne and ETH Zurich (PhD 1894). He continued studies in Paris with Gaston Bonnier.
He developed the Jaccard index of similarity (he called it coefficient de communauté) and published it in 1901.
He also introduced the use of the species-to-genus ratio (he called it generic coefficient) in biogeography. In the 1920s, Paul Jaccard engaged in a dispute with the Finnish botanist and phytogeographer Alvar Palmgren over the interpretation of species-to-genus ratio, as evidence of competitive exclusion (as held by Jaccard) or attributable to random sampling (as held by Palmgren).
Starmania (TV series)
Starmania is an Austrian casting show/talent show for would-be pop stars. It is broadcast on the Austrian TV channel ORF 1.

Despite striking similarities, Starmania is not a licensed version of the Idols format distributed by FremantleMedia. Attempts to export the format to Germany failed due to legal intervention from Fremantle. In 2004, ORF managed to sell the rights to the Swiss channel SF, where the show is called MusicStar.

From 2003 to 2009, four seasons of Starmania have been aired in Austria.

To date, the winners have been Michael Tschuggnall, Verena Pötzl, Nadine Beiler and Oliver Wimmer. Christina Stürmer, who placed second in the first season, has become more famous than the other winners combined, with top charts positions in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Italy. Also Conchita Wurst who was known as Thomas Neuwirth at Starmania, has become more famous than the other winners because she won the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Copenhagen.

Schweizer Fernsehen
Schweizer Fernsehen (SF; "Swiss Television") was the German-language division of SRG SSR, in charge of production and distribution of television programmes in Switzerland for German-speaking Switzerland. It had its head office in Zürich. Its most viewed programme was Tagesschau (news), daily at 7:30 pm.

It was formerly called SF DRS (Schweizer Fernsehen der deutschen und rätoromanischen Schweiz; "Swiss television of German and Romansh Switzerland") until 2005. On 1 January 2011, Schweizer Fernsehen and Schweizer Radio DRS began the process of merging the two entities into Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF). On 16 December 2012, the merger was complete, with SF and SR DRS adopting the SRF name to their television and radio stations.
Writer of the Purple Rage
Writer of the Purple Rage is a collection of short works by American author Joe R. Lansdale, published in 1994. It was nominated for a Bram Stoker Award in the "Fiction Collection" category.  The title is a play on the Philip José Farmer novella "Riders of the Purple Wage", and before that, the Zane Grey novel Riders of the Purple Sage.

Zane Grey
Zane Grey (January 31, 1872 – October 23, 1939) was an American author. He is known for his popular adventure novels and stories associated with the Western genre in literature and the arts; he idealized the American frontier. Riders of the Purple Sage (1912) was his best-selling book.

In addition to the success of his printed works, his books have second lives and continuing influence through adaptations for films and television. His novels and short stories were adapted into 112 films, two television episodes, and a television series, Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre.
Cessna EC-1
The Cessna Model EC-1 was a 1930s American single-seat, free-floating high tourer glider built by the Cessna Aircraft Company in the early 1930s as a response to the Great Depression. Designed by Eldon Cessna, it was a single-seat, free-floating high glider based on the CG-2 training glider, with a 26 hp Cleone engine. Although it was not put into serial production, the EC-1 played a role in Cessna's eventual success.

Glider (aircraft)
A glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although motor-gliders have small engines for extending their flight when necessary by sustaining the altitude (normally a sailplane relies on rising air to maintain altitude) with some being powerful enough to take off by self-launch.

There are a wide variety of types differing in the construction of their wings, aerodynamic efficiency, location of the pilot, controls and intended purpose. Most exploit meteorological phenomena to maintain or gain height. Gliders are principally used for the air sports of gliding, hang gliding and paragliding. However some spacecraft have been designed to descend as gliders and in the past military gliders have been used in warfare. Some simple and familiar types of glider are toys such as paper planes and balsa wood gliders.
Beauchêne
Beauchêne is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

Beauchêne, Loir-et-Cher, in the Loir-et-Cher department

Beauchêne, Orne, in the Orne department

Saint-Julien-en-Beauchêne, in the Hautes-Alpes department

Beauchêne, Orne
Beauchêne (French pronunciation: [boʃɛn] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2015, Beauchêne and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray-Bocage.
Angrboda (moon)
Angrboda (Saturn LV), provisionally known as S/2004 S 22, is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna on October 7, 2019 from observations taken between December 12, 2004 and February 1, 2006. It was given its permanent designation in August 2021. On 24 August 2022, it was officially named after Angrboða, a jötunn in Norse mythology. She is the consort of Loki and the mother of the wolf Fenrir, the Midgard serpent Jörmungandr, and the ruler of the dead Hel.

Angrboda is about 3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20.636 million km in 1107.13 days, at an inclination of 177° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.251. With an absolute magnitude of 16.1, it is currently the faintest named moon of Saturn.

Jan Kleyna
Jan T. Kleyna /ˌdʒæn ˈkliːnə/ is a postdoctoral astronomy researcher at the University of Hawaiʻi Institute for Astronomy. His area of interest is galaxy dynamics, and he has worked to develop codes for the real-time detection of moving objects such as Jovian satellites.  He has also co-discovered several of Saturn's moons.
Cyprus Basketball All-Star Day
The ECOMMBX Cyprus Basketball All-Star Game is an annual basketball event in Cyprus, established in 2011, organised by the Cyprus Basketball Federation and sponsored by ECOMMBX since 2024 and by OPAP until 2023.
The event is being held mostly at the end of the year, around Christmas time and consists of a game between a Cyprus/Europe and a Rest of the World team, a three-point shoot contest and slam-dunk exhibition activities which replaced the slam-dunk contest. Since its inception it has been considered the biggest annual basketball event in Cyprus. All the games have been held in the 6,000 Eleftheria Indoor Hall, in Nicosia.The event was not held in 2020 and 2021 due to the pandemic, but it resumed on 17 December 2022.

Eleftheria Indoor Hall
Eleftheria Athletic Center (Greek: Αθλητικό Κέντρο "Ελευθερία"), officially named Tassos Papadopoulos Eleftheria Indoor Hall (Greek: κλειστό στάδιο "Τάσσος Παπαδόπουλος - Ελευθερία") is an indoor arena that is located besides Makario Stadium and Lefkotheo Indoor Hall in Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus.

The hall is mainly used for basketball events, although it can also be used for badminton, gymnastics, karate, taekwondo, handball, squash, volleyball, judo, futsal and table tennis. It is sometimes also used for national celebrations, for the declaration of the new President of Cyprus, and for musical concerts.

The arena is named after Tassos Papadopoulos, the fifth President of the Republic of Cyprus, who was in office from February 28, 2003, to February 28, 2008. Currently, the arena has a capacity of around 6,800 seats, and it is the second biggest indoor sports hall on the island of Cyprus, after the "Spyros Kyprianou Athletic Centre" in Limassol.
Kiryakov
Kiryakov (Russian: Кирьяко́в), female form Kiryakova (Russian: Кирьяко́ва), is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Borislav Kiryakov (born 1963), Bulgarian alpine skier

Iliyan Kiryakov (born 1967), Bulgarian football player

Ivan Kiryakov (born 1943), Bulgarian boxer

Kiril Kiryakov (born 1953), Bulgarian water polo player

Sergei Kiryakov (footballer, born 1998), Russian football player

Stefani Kiryakova (born 2001), Bulgarian group rhythmic gymnast

Tanyu Kiryakov (born 1963), Bulgarian pistol shooter

Virginia Kiryakova, Bulgarian mathematician

Yegor Kiryakov (born 1974), Russian footballer

Ivan Kiryakov
Ivan Kiryakov (born 5 July 1943) is a Bulgarian boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he defeated Bohumil Němeček of Czechoslovakia, before losing to Celal Sandal of Turkey.