hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicolas Bernard Guiot de Lacour
Nicolas Bernard Guiot de Lacour (25 January 1771 – 28 July 1809) led infantry and cavalry brigades during the First French Empire under Napoleon. He joined the French Royal Army in 1787 and was sent to quell the Haitian Revolution in 1791. He fought in the Army of the North starting in 1793. He was promoted to chef de brigade (colonel) in 1797 and to general of brigade in 1800. He led a cavalry brigade at Caldiero in 1805 and initially commanded the Siege of Gaeta in 1806. He fought at Abensberg, Landshut, and Eckmühl in 1809 before being fatally wounded at the Battle of Wagram on 6 July 1809. Promoted general of division on the battlefield, he died of his wounds on the 28th. He is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe on Column 11 and his bust is in the Hall of Battles at the Palace of Versailles.

Divisional general
Divisional general (alternatively general of division) is a general officer rank who commands an army division. The rank originates from the French Revolutionary System, and is used by a number of countries.  The rank is above a brigade general, and normally below an army corps general.

The rank is mostly used in countries where it is used as a modern alternative to a previous older rank of major-general or lieutenant-general.
Curtis Lovejoy
Curtis Lovejoy (May 13, 1957 – March 11, 2021) was an American Paralympic swimmer. In 2000, he won the gold medal in the men's 50 metre freestyle S2 and the men's 100 metre freestyle S2 events at the Summer Paralympics held in Sydney, Australia. He also won two medals in swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics held in Athens, Greece. He also competed in wheelchair fencing.

Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, in the Olympic Aquatic Centre was competed in freestyle, backstroke and butterfly (classes Sn), the breaststroke (classes SBn) and individual medley (classes SMn).

Swimmers with a physical disability were assessed on muscle strength and the scope and coordination of movement, and their impact on different swimming styles. The resultant classes were (lower numbers corresponding to more severe disability):
S1-S10 for freestyle, backstroke, and butterfly
SB2-SB9 for breaststroke
SM3-SM10 for the individual medley

Swimmers with vision impairment, depending on the degree of vision loss, were classified as S11 (worst vision loss), S12, or S13 (least)
Sergey Korsak
Sergey Korsak (Belarusian: Сяргей Корсак; Russian: Серге́й Корсак; born 24 February 1989) is a Belarusian former footballer.

On 6 August 2020, the BFF banned Korsak from Belarusian football for 2 years for his involvement in the match fixing.

Football Federation of Belarus
The Football Federation of Belarus (BFF; Belarusian: Беларуская федэрацыя футбола, romanized: Biełaruskaja Fiederacyja Futboła; Russian: Белорусская федерация футбола, romanized: Belorusskaya federatsiya futbola), also known as Belarusian Football Federation, is the governing body of football,  beach soccer and futsal in Belarus. It organizes the Belarusian Premier League, Belarusian national football team and the Belarus women's national football team. It is based in Minsk.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
The Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1989 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It covers research and best practices concerns on development, processing, evaluation, applications, and performance of construction materials in civil engineering. It consists of four sections: cementitious material, asphalt, geo-materials, and hybrids (which encompass steel, timber, masonry, and composite materials).

Masonry
Masonry is the craft of building a structure with brick, stone, or similar material, including mortar plastering, which are often laid in, bound, and pasted together by mortar. The term masonry can also refer to the building units (stone, brick, etc.) themselves.

The common materials of masonry construction are bricks and building stone; rocks such as marble, granite, and limestone; cast stone, concrete blocks, glass blocks, and adobe. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can substantially affect the durability of the overall masonry construction.

A person who constructs masonry is called a mason or bricklayer, or in some places colloquially a "brickie". These are both classified as construction trades.
Mihr (magazine)
Mihr (Persian: مهر, lit. 'The Sun') was a Persian-language science and literary monthly magazine published between 1933/34 and 1967/68 in a total of 30 issues. The editor was Majid Movaqqar, and since 1953 the bibliographer, historian, and scholar of Persian studies Iraj Afshar became his successor. Afshars father, the scholar Mahmoud Afshar, founded the journal Āyandeh, that paid special attention to Persian language.

Persian studies
Persian studies (Persian: مطالعات فارسی) is the study of the Persian language and its literature specifically. It is differentiated from Iranian studies which is a broader, more interdisciplinary subject that focuses more on the histories and cultures of all Iranian peoples.
Bash! (Dave Bailey album)
Bash! (also released as Modern Mainstream) is an album by jazz drummer Dave Bailey which was originally released on the Jazzline label in 1961. Different releases of the same material have appeared under the names of sidemen on the date. The album features pianist Tommy Flanagan and was re-released as Tommy Flanagan Trio And Sextet on the Onyx label and on the Xanadu label in 1973. It was also re-released under trumpeter Kenny Dorham's name as Osmosis on CD in 1990 on the Black Lion label with 4 alternate takes.

Black Lion Records
Black Lion Records was a British jazz record company and label based in London, England.

Alan Bates founded Black Lion Records in 1968. The label had two series of releases, one for British jazz musicians and one for international musicians. It released a large amount of reissue material, including items by Art Tatum, Jay McShann, Ben Webster, Earl Hines, Bud Freeman, Bud Powell, Don Byas, Coleman Hawkins, Mal Waldron, and Duke Ellington. It had a subsidiary called Freedom Records, which concentrated on free jazz releases; this wing was bought by Arista Records in 1975.

The label was distributed by Polydor for part of its existence. It became part of D. A. Music in the 1980s, while Bates bought Candid Records in 1989 and shifted the focus of his activities there.
Sri Lankan intelligence agencies
The Government of Sri Lanka maintains intelligence agencies that conduct intelligence activities to support the national security of Sri Lanka. Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of national security, military planning and law enforcement. The main organisations are the State Intelligence Service and the Directorate of Military Intelligence. These intelligence agencies are coordinated by the Chief of National Intelligence (CNI), who reports to the Secretary of Defense.

Sri Lanka Signals Corps
The Sri Lanka Signals Corps (SLSC) (Sinhalese: ශ්‍රී ලංකා සංඥා බලකාය Shri Lanka Sana Balakaya) is a combat support corps of the Sri Lanka Army, responsible for providing military communications, information technology and electronic warfare support. The corps is made up of two signals brigades, ten regular regiments and one volunteer regiment. It is responsible for installing, maintaining and operating all types of telecommunications equipment and information systems. It is headquartered at the Panagoda Cantonment.
1962 USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet
The 1962 USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet was an international track and field competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. The fourth in a series of meetings between the nations, it was held on July 21–22 at the Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, United States, and finished with the Soviet Union closely defeating the United States 173 to 169. A total of 32 events were contested, 22 by men and 10 by women. The meet marked a high point in public interest in the competition, with an attendance of more than 150,000 over the two-day event – the largest ever on a non-Olympic track and field competition. Even the Soviet workouts attracted crowds of 5000.

Two world records were broken at the competition: Russian athlete Valeriy Brumel set a record of 2.26 m (7 ft 4+3⁄4 in) in the men's high jump and Hal Connolly broke the men's hammer throw record with a mark of 70.67 m (231 ft 10+1⁄4 in).

Valeriy Brumel
Valeriy Nikolayevich Brumel (Russian: Валерий Николаевич Брумель; 14 April 1942 – 26 January 2003) was a Soviet-Russian high jumper. The 1964 Olympic champion and multiple world record holder, he is regarded as one of the greatest athletes ever to compete in the high jump. His international career was ended by a motorcycle crash in 1965.
PS Petrokimia Putra
Persatuan Sepakbola Petrokimia Putra was an Indonesian football club based in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. They last played in the Liga Indonesia First Division. They merged with Persegres Gresik and became Gresik United in 2005.

Gresik Regency
Gresik Regency (older spelling: Grissee, Javanese: ꦒꦽꦱꦶꦏ꧀) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the northern and western suburbs of the city of Surabaya, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java and Madura. Almost a third of the Gresik Regency's area is the coastal area; the Districts in this zone are Kebomas District, (part of) Gresik District, Manyar District, Bungah District, and Ujungpangkah District.

The regency covers and an area of 1,191.26 km2, and it had a population of 1,177,042 at the 2010 Census and 1,311,215 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,327,497 (comprising 667,540 males and 659,957 females).  The regency's administrative centre is the town of Gresik, about 25 km to the northwest of Surabaya. Gresik Regency (excluding Bawean Island) is also part of Gerbangkertosusila, the metropolitan region of Surabaya.
2003–04 Ukrainian Hockey Championship
The 2003–04 Ukrainian Hockey League season was the 11th season of the Ukrainian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Ukraine. Thirteen teams participated in the league, and HC Sokol Kyiv won the championship.

HC ATEK Kyiv
HK ATEK Kyiv  was an ice hockey team in Kyiv, Ukraine. The team played in the Ukrainian Hockey League, the top level of Ukrainian ice hockey.

They were founded in 1994, and were Ukrainian champions in 2007. Their last appearance in the Ukrainian Hockey League came during the 2008–09 season. The club was inactive from 2009 to 2014. ATEK returned to the Ukrainian League in 2014–15, and won their second championship by defeating the favored HC Kremenchuk in the final.
2,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine
2,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (2,4-DMPEA), also known as DMPEA-3, is a drug of the phenethylamine family related to the psychedelic drug mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine). It is one of the positional isomers of dimethoxyphenethylamine.

The in-vitro metabolism of 2,3-DMPEA and its effects on cat behavior have been studied. The drug is known to act as a low-potency partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (Ki = 202–999 nM; EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration = 832–4,034 nM; EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy = 67–83%). The effects of 2,4-DMPEA in humans have not been reported and are unknown.

2,4-DMPEA was first described in the scientific literature by at least 1964. It was included as an entry in Alexander Shulgin's 2011 book The Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds.

NBOMe and NBOH derivatives with potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonism, such as 24-NBOMe and 24-NBOH, have been synthesized and studied.

The Shulgin Index
The Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds is a 2011 book written by Alexander Shulgin, Tania Manning, and Paul F. Daley and published by Transform Press. It is about psychedelic substituted phenethylamines and related compounds and their chemistry and pharmacology. The book discusses 126 main compounds from this family as well as 1,300 compounds discussed in total. It followed the earlier books PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story (1991) and TiHKAL: The Continuation (1997) by Shulgin and his wife Ann Shulgin.

A second volume on substituted tryptamines was being prepared but was never completed due to Shulgin's death in 2014. According to the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) in 2014, the second volume would be finished in the "near future", but there have been no updates since.
Through My Eyes (album)
Through My Eyes is singer, model Erica Baxter's debut album. It was released in April 2007 through SonyBMG. The album features Erica's debut single, "I Spy" which was written by singer, songwriter Natasha Bedingfield. Baxter co-wrote 8 of the 12 tracks. The album failed to chart on the Top 100 albums chart.

Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of the remaining 200 artists.
Kirschner value
The Kirschner value or Kirschner number is a value determined when examining fat. The Kirschner value is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from fat through saponification. It consists of the number of milliliters of 0.1 normal sodium hydroxide necessary for the neutralization of water-soluble silver salts made from the water-soluble volatile fatty acids distilled from 5 grams of a given fat.

The Reichert value and Polenske value are related numbers based on similar tests.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Himan Shahabi
Himan Shahabi (Persian: هیمن شهابی) is a professor of Natural resources at the University of Kurdistan (Iran).

Himan Shahabi is an expert in Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) who has worked in applied geospatial technologies. His work spans advanced GIS modeling and remote sensing methodologies, with a strong focus on natural hazard assessment. Shahabi currently serves as a professor of geoscience—specializing in RS and GIS—at the Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan in Iran. He has also broadened his international academic experience through a one-year professorship at the Institute of Physics, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopes at the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Poland.

University of Kurdistan (Iran)
University of Kurdistan (Persian: دانشگاه كردستان; Dâneshgâh-e Kordestân) is the largest university in Iranian Kurdistan Province, located in the south of Sanandaj. The University of Kurdistan was ranked as the eighth top university in Iran (categorized by quantity and quality of research activities) in academic year 2007-2008 and was ranked as the first top developing university in Iran in academic year 2006–2007.
Hulton baronets of Hulton Park (1905)
The Hulton baronetcy, of Hulton Park in the parish of Deane and County Palatine of Durham, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 23 December 1905 for the colliery owner and politician William Hulton, of the landowning Hulton family of Hulton), in honour of his services to local affairs in Lancashire.

The title became extinct on the death of the 4th Baronet in 1993.

Hulton family of Hulton
The Hulton family of Hulton lived and owned land in Lancashire for more than eight hundred years from the late-12th to the late-20th centuries. The family took its name from the three townships surrounding their Hulton Park Estate, Over, Middle and Little Hulton.
The Gendarme of Champignol
The Gendarme of Champignol (French: Le gendarme de Champignol) is a 1959 comedy film directed by Jean Bastia and starring Jean Richard, Roger Pierre and Noël Roquevert. It also featured Véronique Zuber, the 1955 Miss France winner. Location shooting took place around Val-d'Oise. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jean Mandaroux. It is a sequel to the 1957 film Nous autres à Champignol and was followed by Le caïd de Champignol a third and final entry in the series in 1966.

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Extended peer community
The concept of Extended peer community belongs to the field of Sociology of science, and in particular the use of science in the solution of social, political or ecological problems. It was first introduced by in the 1990s by Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome R. Ravetz. in the context of what would become Post-normal science.
An Extended peer community is intended by these authors as a space where both credentialed experts from different disciplines and lay stakeholders can discuss and deliberate.

Silvio Funtowicz
Silvio O. Funtowicz is a philosopher of science active in the field of science and technology studies.
He created the NUSAP, a notational system for characterising uncertainty and quality in quantitative expressions, and together with Jerome R. Ravetz he introduced the concept of post-normal science. He is currently a guest researcher at the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities (SVT), University of Bergen (Norway).
Sønder Kirkeby Runestone
The Sønder Kirkeby Runestone, listed as runic inscription DR 220 in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone that was discovered in Sønder Kirkeby, which is located about 5 kilometers east of Nykøbing Falster, Denmark.

Runestone
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition of erecting runestones as a memorial to dead men began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but the majority of the extant runestones date from the late Viking Age. While most of these are located in Scandinavia, particularly Sweden, there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off.
Ministry of Transport and Communications (Myanmar)
Ministry of Transport and Communications (Burmese: ပို့ဆောင်ရေးနှင့် ဆက်သွယ်ရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန; abbreviated as MOTC) is a government ministry of Myanmar responsible for regulating the transport and communication sectors. The ministry is currently led by Admiral Tin Aung San. Under the state of emergency immediately after the 2021 coup, he was appointed by the State Administration Council on 3 February 2021. In this regard, the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw claims that the military regime's cabinet is illegitimate.

Tin Aung San
Tin Aung San (Burmese: တင်အောင်စန်း; pronounced [tɪ̀ɰ̃ àʊ̃ sʰáɴ]; born 16 October 1960) is a Burmese navy officer who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Myanmar, a member of the State Administration Council, and the minister for defence. He is currently the union minister 1 for the President's Office as well as the national security advisor to the National Defence and Security Council, and is a member-elect of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Radiation detection
The following Radiological protection instruments can be used to detect and measure ionizing radiation:

Ionization chambers

Gaseous ionization detectors

Geiger counters

Photodetectors

Scintillation counters

Semiconductor detectors

Gaseous ionization detector
Gaseous ionization detectors are radiation detection instruments used in particle physics to detect the presence of ionizing particles, and in radiation protection applications to measure ionizing radiation.

They use the ionising effect of radiation upon a gas-filled sensor. If a particle has enough energy to ionize a gas atom or molecule, the resulting electrons and ions cause a current flow which can be measured.

Gaseous ionisation detectors form an important group of instruments used for radiation detection and measurement. This article gives a quick overview of the principal types, and more detailed information can be found in the articles on each instrument. The accompanying plot shows the variation of ion pair generation with varying applied voltage for constant incident radiation. There are three main practical operating regions, one of which each type utilises.
Bregada
Bregada (Javanese: ꦧꦽꦒꦢ, romanized: bregada), more fully as bregada kaprajuritan is an art of soldiering that originated in the Mataram Sultanate. It adapts military elements to Javanese culture. Unlike other forms of soldiering, bregada usually appears as an army that is generally deployed during traditional ceremonies or folk festivals, such as Grebeg or merti dusun. The word bregada comes from the word "brigade." There are currently 4 categories of bregada active in Yogyakarta: bregada Keraton Yogyakarta, bregada Keraton Surakarta, bregada Pura Pakualaman, as well as bregada formed independently by the community, called bregada rakyat (or People's bregada).

Javanese culture
Javanese culture (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦢꦪꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ, romanized: Kabudayan Jawa) is the culture of the Javanese people.
Javanese culture is centered in the provinces of Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java in Indonesia. Due to various migrations, it can also be found in other parts of the world, such as Suriname (where 15% of the population are of Javanese descent), the broader Indonesian archipelago region, Cape Malay, Malaysia, Singapore, Netherlands and other countries. The migrants bring with them various aspects of Javanese cultures such as Gamelan music, traditional dances and art of Wayang kulit shadow play.

The migration of Javanese people westward has created the Javanese culture in a small part of the northern coast that is distinct from the Sundanese culture in the majority of West Java and Banten. Being the largest ethnic group, the Javanese culture and people influence Indonesian politics and culture, a process sometimes described as Javanisation.