hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Europus (Macedonia)
Europus (or Europos; Ancient Greek: Εὐρωπός) was a town in Bottiaea (later named Emathia), ancient Macedonia. It was located between Idomenae and the plains of Cyrrhus and Pella, situated on the right bank of the Axius below Idomene, where modern Evropos lies. Not far above the entrance of the great maritime plain, the site of Europus has been recognised by that strength of position which enabled it to resist Sitalces and the Thracians. We have the concurring testimony of Ptolemy and Pliny that this town of Emathia was different from Europus of Almopia.

Europos was the birthplace of Seleucus I Nicator, and two cities in Seleucid Empire were named Europos. There is also reported a Delphic proxenos Machatas from Europos in the late 4th century BCE.

The site of Europos is near the modern Europos.

Vardar
The Vardar (/ˈvɑːrdɑːr/; Macedonian: Вардарⓘ, Albanian: Vardar/-i, Turkish: Vardar) or Axios (Greek: Αξιός, romanized: Aksiós, Albanian: Asi (historically)) is the longest river in North Macedonia and a major river in Greece, where it reaches the Aegean Sea at Thessaloniki. It is 388 km (241 mi) long, out of which 76 km (47 mi) are in Greece, and drains an area of around 25,000 km2 (9,653 sq mi). The maximum depth of the river is 4 m (13 ft).
Robert Ritchie (Australian politician)
Robert Adam Ritchie (18 October 1836 – 16 August 1891) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.

He was born at Paisley in Renfrewshire to dyer John Ritchie and Barbara Henderson. In 1848 his family followed his elder brother to Sydney, and Ritchie worked at a woodmill in Parramatta managed by his father. He spent eighteen months at the Turon goldfields before becoming an apprentice blacksmith. In 1857 he took over the family business, and opened a new branch at Wickham, also merging with a Clyde-based firm. He retired from the business in 1884. On 25 March 1859 he married Jemima Fergus Douglas, with whom he had four children. After her death he remarried Clara Henderson, her sister, and had a further seven children.

A Parramatta alderman, Ritchie was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1889 as the member for Central Cumberland. A Free Trader, he was re-elected in 1891 but died at Auburn shortly afterwards.

Clyde River (New South Wales)
The Clyde River (Dhurga: Bhundoo) is an open intermediate tide-dominated drowned valley estuary or perennial river that flows into the Tasman Sea at Batemans Bay, located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Bear-resistant food storage container
Bear-resistant food storage containers, also called bear canisters or bear cans, are usually hard-sided containers used by backpackers to protect their food from theft by bears. Bear canisters are seeing increased popularity in areas where bears have become habituated to human presence, and are required in some places, such as Yosemite National Park in the United States.

Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed.  Because of these properties, polycarbonates find many applications. Polycarbonates do not have a unique resin identification code (RIC) and are identified as "Other", 7 on the RIC list. Products made from polycarbonate can contain the precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Dalibor Šamšal
Dalibor Šamšal (born 25 December 1985) is a Croatian-Hungarian alpine skier. He has represented Croatia at the 2006 Winter Olympics, 2010 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Olympics and Hungary at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Hungary at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Hungary competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018. With the men's 5000 metre relay victory in short track speed skating, the nation had won its first ever Winter Olympic gold, and first Winter medal since 1980. Hungarian athletes have participated in all Winter Olympic Games.
Frank Kudelka (basketball)
Frank Carl Kudelka (June 25, 1925 – May 4, 1993), nicknamed Apples, was an American National Basketball Association (NBA) player. In his first two years at Saint Mary's College of California, Kudelka averaged 18.1 points per game. Once the shotclock was introduced to college basketball in his junior season, Frank averaged 20.4 points per game. He was the nation's fourth leading scorer. As a senior at Saint Mary's, Frank averaged 16.2 points per game.  He was also named an All-American basketball player by the Helms Foundation after his senior season.  Frank made his NBA debut in the 1949-50 NBA season for the Chicago Stags. In his first NBA season, Frank averaged 6.7 points and 2.0 assists per game. Frank played four seasons in the NBA with the Stags, Washington Capitols, Boston Celtics, Baltimore Bullets and Philadelphia Warriors. In his NBA career, Frank averaged 7.2 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 2.1 assists per game.

Baltimore Bullets (1944–1954)
The Baltimore Bullets were a professional basketball team based in Baltimore. The Bullets competed in the American Basketball League (1944–1947), the Basketball Association of America (1947–1949), and (following the BAA's merger with the National Basketball League) the National Basketball Association (1949–1954). On November 27, 1954, the team folded with a 3–11 record on the season, making the Bullets the last NBA franchise to fold. Out of all defunct NBA teams, the Bullets were members of the association for the longest time and the only defunct team to win a championship.

The Bullets name was revived in 1963, when the former Chicago Zephyrs relocated to Baltimore; even after these Bullets relocated to Washington in 1973, they kept their name for 24 more years until they were renamed the Wizards.
Hartzell
Hartzell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Hartzell, American cartoonist

C. C. Hartzell, American confectioner

Carl Hartzell (born 1967), Swedish diplomat

Curt Hartzell (1891–1975), Swedish gymnast

Eric Hartzell (born 1989), American ice hockey player

James Hartzell (1931–2010), American advertising copywriter

Jay Hartzell (born 1969), American economist

Joseph Crane Hartzell (1842–1929), American missionary

Kyle Hartzell (born 1985), American lacrosse player

Oscar Hartzell (1876–1943), American fraudster

Paul Hartzell (born 1953), American baseball player

Robert N. Hartzell (1896–1968), American engineer, founder of Hartzell Propellers

Roy Hartzell (1881–1961), American baseball player

William Hartzell (1837–1903), American politician

Sarah Hartzell (Born 1998), American Visual Artist

Roy Hartzell
Roy Allen Hartzell (July 6, 1881 – November 6, 1961) was an American professional baseball player who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1906 to 1916.

Hartzell started his career with the St. Louis Browns (now known as the Baltimore Orioles), and was later traded to the New York Highlanders (also now known the New York Yankees) for two other players, Jimmy Austin and Frank LaPorte.
Pristimantis veletis
Pristimantis veletis is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from the vicinity of its type locality in Samaná and Pensilvania municipalities in the Caldas Department, on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central (Colombian Andes). The specific name veletis is Latin from "skirmisher". It alludes to the resemblance of the color pattern of this frog to the camouflage clothing of the guerillas that were present in the area of the type locality, as well as to the chin pattern that loosely resembles the chevrons in some military uniforms.

Samaná, Caldas
Samaná is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Caldas.

It is about 220 km north west of Bogota.

Facilities include the Parque Simon Bolívar park and the Fundacion Batuta Caldas academy of music.
Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ2
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ2 is a digital camera that was announced on February 8, 2005. It has Universal Serial Bus connectivity and a mass of 224 grams.  It was replaced in 2006 by the LZ3.  The camera has optical image stabilization, which alleviates camera shake problems.  The camera lacks manual control over shutter speed and aperture and has no optical viewfinder.

Image stabilization
unstabilised

lens-based optical stabilisation

sensor-shift optical stabilisation

digital or electronic stabilisation

Image stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure.

Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, though electronic image stabilization can also compensate for rotation about the optical axis (roll). It is mainly used in high-end image-stabilized binoculars, still and video cameras, astronomical telescopes, and also smartphones. With still cameras, camera shake is a particular problem at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length lenses (telephoto or zoom). With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens shake is added to variation in the atmosphere, which changes the apparent positions of objects over time.
Saint Paul Catholic Church (Ellicott City, Maryland)
Saint Paul Catholic Church is a Catholic parish in Ellicott City, Maryland, county seat of Howard County. The parish was founded in 1838 and is part of the Archdiocese of Baltimore.

Famous baseball player for the Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, and New York Yankees who was raised in southwest Baltimore and attended old St. Mary's Industrial School on Wilkens Avenue –  George Herman ("Babe Ruth") Ruth (1895–1948) was  married here in October 1914 to Miss Margaret Helen Woodford.

It is a two-story ashlar granite church which faces north, three bays wide and four bays deep.  Its front facade includes two twin Roman arch windows each topped by a rose window, enclosed within a Roman arch lintel with keystone.

Diocese of Savannah
The Diocese of Savannah (Latin: Dioecesis Savannensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in southern Georgia in the United States. The mother church of the diocese is Cathedral Basilica of Saint John the Baptist in Savannah. The patron saint is John the Baptist.

The Diocese of Savannah is a suffragan diocese, part of the ecclesiastical province under the metropolitan Archdiocese of Atlanta. As of 2025, the bishop is Stephen D. Parkes.
Audiometry
Audiometry (from Latin  audīre 'to hear' and  metria 'to measure') is a branch of audiology and the science of measuring hearing acuity for variations in sound intensity and pitch and for tonal purity, involving thresholds and differing frequencies. Typically, audiometric tests determine a subject's hearing levels with the help of an audiometer, but may also measure ability to discriminate between different sound intensities, recognize pitch, or distinguish speech from background noise. Acoustic reflex and otoacoustic emissions may also be measured. Results of audiometric tests are used to diagnose hearing loss or diseases of the ear, and often make use of an audiogram.

Pitch (music)
Pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale. 
Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property; it is a subjective psychoacoustical attribute of sound. Historically, the study of pitch and pitch perception has been a central problem in psychoacoustics, and has been instrumental in forming and testing theories of sound representation, processing, and perception in the auditory system.
Synchysis scintillans
Synchysis scintillans is a degenerative condition of the eye resulting in liquefied vitreous humor and the accumulation of cholesterol crystals within the vitreous.  It is also known as cholesterolosis bulbi.  The vitreous liquifies in a process known as syneresis.  Synchysis scintillans appears as small white floaters that freely move in the posterior part of the eye, giving a snow globe effect.  It is most commonly seen in eyes that have suffered from a degenerative disease and are end-stage.

The condition is seen rarely. Associated with the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, but the exact pathogenesis is unknown.

The condition is symptomless and untreatable. In ophthalmoscopic examination it appears as small, flat, yellow, highly refractive crystals of cholesterol floating freely in the vitreous. These will settle, due to gravity, if the eye is immobilized.

Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the leading causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people living with diabetes.

Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who have had both type 1 and type 2 diabetes for 20 years or more. In at least 90% of new cases, progression to more aggressive forms of sight-threatening retinopathy and maculopathy could be reduced with proper treatment and monitoring of the eyes. The longer a person has diabetes, the higher their chances of developing diabetic retinopathy. Each year in the United States, diabetic retinopathy accounts for 12% of all new cases of blindness. It is also the leading cause of blindness in people aged 20 to 64.
Thecacera pacifica
Thecacera pacifica is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae. It is sometimes also nicknamed the Pikachu nudibranch due to its resemblance to the Pokémon character Pikachu.

Nudibranch
Nudibranchs (/ˈnjuːdɪbræŋk/) are a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs, belonging to the order Nudibranchia, that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", "dragon" , and "sea rabbit". About 3,000 species of nudibranchs are known.

The word nudibranch comes from the Latin nudus 'naked' and the Ancient Greek βράγχια (bránkhia) 'gills'.

Nudibranchs are often casually called sea slugs, as they are a family of opisthobranchs (sea slugs), within the phylum Mollusca (molluscs), but many sea slugs belong to several taxonomic groups that are not closely related to nudibranchs. A number of these other sea slugs, such as the photosynthetic Sacoglossa and the colourful Aglajidae, are often confused with nudibranchs.
Ulutup
Ulutup (Russian: Улутуп; Bashkir: Олотөп, Olotöp) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Yumaguzinsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 26 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Kugarchinsky District
Kugarchinsky District (Russian: Кугарчи́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Күгәрсен районы, romanized: Kügärsen rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders Meleuzovsky District in the north, Burzyansky District in the northeast, Zilairsky District in the east, Zianchurinsky District in the south, Orenburg Oblast in the southwest, and Kuyurgazinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,371 square kilometers (1,302 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mrakovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,444, with the population of Mrakovo accounting for 27.6% of that number.
Black Diamond (roller coaster)
Black Diamond is a roller coaster at Knoebels Amusement Resort in Elysburg, Pennsylvania. The ride has a steel track on a wooden frame. The roller coaster originally opened in 1960 as Golden Nugget at Hunt's Pier, and it eventually became part of Morey's Piers in Wildwood, New Jersey, where it operated until 1999 and stood unused until early 2009. The ride was relocated to Knoebels and reopened on October 8, 2011, as Black Diamond.

Elysburg, Pennsylvania
Elysburg is a census-designated place (CDP) in Ralpho Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is forty-two miles north-northeast of Harrisburg. The population was 2,194 at the 2010 census. The area's biggest attraction is Knoebels Amusement Resort, which is known for having three wooden roller coasters and free admission.
The Reverend Peyton's Big Damn Band
The Reverend Peyton's Big Damn Band is a three-piece American country blues band from Brown County, Indiana.  They have played up to 250 dates per year at venues ranging from bars to festivals since 2006. To date, they have released ten albums and one EP, most of which have charted on the Billboard and iTunes Charts.

Country blues
Country blues (also folk blues, rural blues, backwoods blues, or downhome blues) is one of the earliest forms of blues music, but also refers to a blend of country music and blues. The mainly solo vocal with acoustic fingerstyle guitar accompaniment developed in the rural Southern United States in the early 20th century.  It stands in contrast primarily to the urban blues style, especially in the pre-war era.
Clicks & Cuts, Vol. 2
Clicks & Cuts, Vol. 2 is the second volume in the Clicks & Cuts Series released by Mille Plateaux in 2001. The triple album was released as an attempt to investigate and define the glitch music aesthetic in its early 2000s popularity.

Glitch (music)
Glitch is a genre of experimental electronic music that emerged in the 1990s, which is distinguished by the deliberate use of glitches in audio media and other sonic artifacts.

The sounds featured in glitch tracks usually come from audio recording device or digital electronics malfunctions, such as CD skipping, electric hum, digital or analog distortion, circuit bending, bit-rate reduction, hardware noise, software bugs, computer crashes, vinyl record hiss or scratches, and system errors, as well as abstract sound design produced from the intended use of these technologies. Devices that were already broken are often used, while other times devices are broken expressly for this purpose. In Computer Music Journal, composer and writer Kim Cascone classified glitch as a subgenre of electronica and used the term post-digital to describe the glitch aesthetic.
Otonan
Otonan is a Balinese Hindu birth ceremony (ceremonial birthday) carried out in Bali, Indonesia.

Six months, or 210 days, after a child is born, the ceremony is carried out according to the Balinese Pawukon calendar, either during Sapta Wara, or Panca Wara. The purpose of this ceremony is to make up for the errors and evils of prior life to achieve a more perfect life by expressing gratitude to ancestors and Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. It is led by a Hindu priest or family elder.

During the first Otonan ceremony, a haircut ritual is typically involved and the ceremony is very festive. The ceremony will continue to be celebrated throughout a person's life in conjunction with their birthday.

A white thread bracelet called "beneng" is given after the Otonan ceremony is complete.

Birthday
A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person or the figurative birth of an institution. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday gifts, birthday cards, a birthday party, or a rite of passage.

Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders or religious figures with special holidays (e.g. Christmas, Mawlid, Buddha's Birthday, Krishna Janmashtami, and Gurpurb).

There is a distinction between birthday and birthdate (also known as date of birth): the former, except for February 29, occurs each year (e.g. January 15), while the latter is the complete date when a person was born (e.g. January 15, 2001).
Gitea
Gitea (/ɡɪˈtiː/) is a forge software package for hosting software development version control using Git as well as other collaborative features like bug tracking, code review, continuous integration, kanban boards, tickets, and wikis. It supports self-hosting and also provides a free public first-party instance. It is a fork of Gogs and is written in Go and TypeScript. Gitea can be hosted on all platforms supported by Go including FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, and Windows. The project is funded on Open Collective.

Self-hosting (network)
Self-hosting is the practice of running and maintaining a website or service, as well as own servers for e-mail, IM, NTP and so on, using a private server, instead of using a service outside of the administrator's own control. Self-hosting allows users to have more control over their data, privacy, and computing infrastructure, as well as potentially saving costs and improving skills.
Yu Baoxuan
Yu Baoxuan (simplified Chinese: 于宝轩; traditional Chinese: 于寶軒; pinyin: Yú Bǎoxuān; Wade–Giles: Yü Pao-hsüan; born 1875) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was a member of the Anhui clique. Later he became an important politician during the Reformed Government of the Republic of China and the Wang Jingwei regime (Republic of China-Nanjing). His courtesy name was Zi'ang (子昂) or Zhi'ang (志昂). He was born in Jiangdu, Jiangsu.

Jiangdu, Yangzhou
Jiangdu (Chinese: 江都区; pinyin: Jiāngdū Qū; historically known as Kiangtu) is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district spans an area of 1,518.78 square kilometres (586.40 mi2), and as of November 1, 2020, has 926,577 inhabitants. Formerly a county, Jiangdu became a district in July 1994.

Yangzhou Taizhou Airport, which serves the cities of Yangzhou and Taizhou, is located in the town of Dinggou, in Jiangdu District.
The Air Circus
The Air Circus is a 1928 American sound part-talkie drama film directed by Howard Hawks and starring Arthur Lake, Sue Carol, David Rollins, and Louise Dresser. It is the first of Hawks's aviation films. The film featured a talking sequence that lasted about 15 minutes with the rest of the film being synchronized with a musical score with sound effects. The soundtrack was recorded using the sound-on-film Movietone process. The film is notable as the first aviation oriented film with dialogue.

Louise Dresser
Louise Dresser (born Louise Josephine Kerlin; October 5, 1878 – April 24, 1965) was an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles in the many films in which she played the wife of Will Rogers, including State Fair and David Harum.
Héctor Mancilla
Héctor Raúl Mancilla Garcés (12 November 1980) is a Chilean former professional footballer and current manager of Serie A de México team Chilpancingo. He also holds Mexican citizenship.

During his playing career, Mancilla played as a striker, spending the bulk of his career in Mexico, and is a former Chilean international, playing 10 matches for the national side. Mancilla is Huachipato's all-time record goal scorer, with 72 goals.

Coquimbo Unido
Coquimbo Unido is a Chilean football club based in the city of Coquimbo. The club was founded in 1958 and has played in the Chilean Primera División since being promoted in 2022. Their home games are played at the Estadio Municipal Francisco Sánchez Rumoroso, which has a capacity of approximately 18,750 seats.