hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Letters from Birmingham
Letters from Birmingham is the fifth studio album by American singer Ruben Studdard. It was released by Shanachie Records on March 13, 2012 in the United States. His debut with the label, Studdard worked with Elvis "BlacElvis" Williams, and Harold Lilly on most of the project. The album takes its title from Letter from Birmingham Jail, an open letter in response to "A Call for Unity" during the Birmingham campaign, penned on April 16, 1963 by Martin Luther King Jr. after he had been arrested in Alabama.

Letter from Birmingham Jail
The "Letter from Birmingham Jail", also known as the "Letter from Birmingham City Jail" and "The Negro Is Your Brother", is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr.  It says that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and to take direct action rather than waiting potentially forever for justice to come through the courts. Responding to being referred to as an "outsider", King writes: "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."

The letter, written in response to "A Call for Unity" during the 1963 Birmingham campaign, was widely published, and became an important text for the civil rights movement in the United States. The letter has been described as "one of the most important historical documents penned by a modern political prisoner", and is considered a classic document of civil disobedience.
United States Attorney for the District of Tennessee
United States Attorney for the District of Tennessee is a defunct United States Attorney's office that served the Southwest Territory and then the state of Tennessee until 1803. The U.S. Attorney for Tennessee was the chief law enforcement officer for the United States District Court for the District of Tennessee. The district was succeeded by the United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee and the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Tennessee.

United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee
The United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee (in case citations, W.D. Tenn.) is the federal district court covering the western part of the state of Tennessee. Appeals from the Western District of Tennessee are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
Succession to the Liechtensteiner throne
Succession to the Liechtensteiner throne is governed by the house laws of the Princely Family of Liechtenstein, which stipulate agnatic primogeniture. In 2004, the head of state, Hans-Adam II, publicly responded to criticism from a committee of the UN which had voiced concerns about the exclusion of women from the line of succession, stating that the rule was older than the state itself.

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
University of Antique
The University of Antique (UA), formerly the Polytechnic State College of Antique, is a state university in the Philippines.  It is mandated to provide higher technological, professional and vocational instruction and training in science, agricultural and industrial fields, as well as short-term technical or vocational courses. It is also mandated to promote research, advanced studies and progressive leadership in its areas of specialization.  Its main campus is in Sibalom, Antique (a suburb of San Jose).

UA was originally the Antique School of Arts & Trades (ASAT) which was established by virtue of Republic Act 857 sponsored by the late Congressman Tobias A. Fornier in 1954 with Mr. Fermin Taruc as its first Superintendent. Mr. Taruc was sent to Sibalom, Antique by the Bureau of Vocational Education to set up and construct the first buildings of ASAT.

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA [ˈtɛsda]; Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan) serves as the technical vocational education and training (TVET) authority of the Philippines. As a government agency, TESDA's goals are to develop the Filipino workforce with "world-class competence and positive work values" and to manage, supervise, and provide quality technical-educational and skills development through its direction, policies, and programs.
Rowland Brown
Rowland Brown (November 6, 1900 – May 6, 1963), born Chauncey Rowland Brown in Canton, Ohio, was an American screenwriter and film director, whose career as a director ended in the early 1930s after he started many more films than he finished. He walked out of State's Attorney (1932), starring John Barrymore. He was abruptly replaced as director of The Scarlet Pimpernel.

As a writer, he was credited with twenty or so films including two Academy Award nominations, one in the 11th Academy Awards for Best Original Story Angels with Dirty Faces and another in the 4th Academy Awards for Doorway to Hell.

State's Attorney (film)
State's Attorney is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film made at RKO and starring John Barrymore. George Archainbaud directed and the film could more or less be considered a warm up for Barrymore when he later went to Universal to film the similar Counsellor at Law. Remade in 1937 and 1951 both titled Criminal Lawyer. The story was supposedly based on the life of criminal lawyer William J. Fallon, who defended 126 homicide cases without any convictions.
Niranjan Hiranandani
Niranjan Hiranandani (born 8 March 1950) is an Indian billionaire businessman, the co-founder and managing director of Hiranandani Group, engaged in real estate business. He is ranked by Forbes among the 100 richest Indians, with a net worth of US$1.6 billion as of June 2021.

In 2020, he was in the Top 10 Indian real estate tycoons according to the Grohe Hurun report. In 2020, he was the second richest person in the Real estate Sector as per the IIFL Wealth Hurun India Rich List (2020). Along with members of his family, Hiranandani controls the privately owned Hiranandani Group.

360 One WAM
360 One WAM is an Indian multinational wealth and asset management company headquartered in Mumbai, India. Founded in 2008, it provides financial services, including wealth management, asset management, portfolio management, corporate treasury solutions, and lending. The company operates in five countries and has 27 offices across India.

As of March 2025, 360 ONE WAM had assets under management (AUM) of over ₹5.81 lakh crore (US$68 billion) and had more than 7,500 clients, including individuals and institutions. It holds an A1+ credit rating from CRISIL and ICRA.
1984 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 1984 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 19th edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 8 March to 14 March 1984. The race started in Forio Ischia and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Tommy Prim of the Bianchi team.

Tommy Prim
Tommy Prim (born 29 July 1955) is a retired Swedish professional cyclist who rode for the Italian Bianchi team between the years of 1980 and 1986. In 1983 he became the first Scandinavian rider to win a classic race when he was victorious in Paris–Brussels, his other career highlights include winning Tirreno–Adriatico and the Tour de Romandie as well as twice finishing runner up in the Giro d'Italia in 1981 and 1982.
Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference
The Premier Volleyball League Reinforced Conference was a conference in the Premier Volleyball League (PVL). This conference featured only collegiate teams from various associations. The name carried over from the conference of the same name in the Shakey's V-League. In 2017 and 2018, the conference featured both women's and men's divisions. In 2019, only the women's division was held after the men's division was spun-off into Spikers' Turf.

Following the PVL's transition to a professional league, the Collegiate Conference can no longer be held beginning with the 2021 season. Thus in 2022, Sports Vision relaunched the V-League as a separate league to accommodate collegiate teams.

In the three-year history of the conference, no team has won multiple titles in either division, though the NU Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs are the only teams to win a title on both divisions.

V-League (Philippines)
The V-League is a collegiate volleyball league for both men and women in the Philippines organized by Sports Vision. The league is a revival of the former Shakey's V-League. The Metro Manila tournament is also known as the V-League Collegiate Challenge.

The league was established in 2022 as a result of the Premier Volleyball League turning into a professional league, which meant that collegiate women's teams can no longer take part. Thus, the V-League was relaunched to accommodate those teams. Collegiate men's teams from Spikers' Turf also moved to the revived league.

In 2025, Sports Vision established V-League Visayas, a regional counterpart for Visayas-based teams.
Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design
The Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design is a biannual award that acknowledges remarkable urban design projects that include multiple buildings or an open space, improve the quality of urban life, and have a humane and beneficial impact. It is awarded by Harvard University's Graduate School of Design (Mass., U.S.A.) and was founded in 1986 to mark the 350th anniversary of Harvard University and the 50th anniversary of the Graduate School of Design.

The award has been cited as the world's most important for urban planning.
It comes with a prize of $50,000 (in 2017).
Among its unique particularities, is that its jury members visit finalist projects in person.

Harvard Graduate School of Design
The Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD) is the graduate school of design at Harvard University, a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It offers master's and doctoral programs in architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, urban design, real estate, design engineering, and design studies.

The GSD has over 13,000 alumni and has graduated many famous architects, urban planners, and landscape architects. The school is considered a global academic leader in design fields.

The GSD has the world's oldest landscape architecture program (founded in 1893) and North America's oldest urban planning program (founded in 1900). Architecture was first taught at Harvard University in 1874. The Graduate School of Design was officially established in 1936, combining the three fields of landscape architecture, urban planning, and architecture under one graduate school.
Civil Democratic Movement (2017)
The Civil Democratic Movement (Arabic: الحركة المدنية الديمقراطية, romanized: al-Ḥarakah al-Madanīyah al-Dīmuqrāṭīyah; also called the National Civil Movement) is a liberal political movement formed in Egypt in 2017.

Egyptian Social Democratic Party
The Egyptian Social Democratic Party (Arabic: الحزب المصرى الديمقراطى الاجتماعى, romanized: al-Ḥizb al-Maṣrī al-Dimuqrāṭī al-Ijtmāʿī, IPA: [elˈħezb elˈmɑsˤɾi ldemokˈɾɑːtˤi leɡteˈmæːʕi]) is a social liberal and social democratic party in Egypt.

The current president of the party is Farid Zahran and vice presidents are Ehab Elkharat, Freddy Elbaiady, Maha Abdelnaser, Mahmoud Samy, Amira Saber, and Khaled Rashed.
Linscott (surname)
People with the surname Linscott include:

Eloise Hubbard Linscott (1897–1978), American folklorist

Gillian Linscott (born 1944), British author

Glenda Linscott (born 1958), Anglo-Australian actress and director

Jody Linscott (fl. 20th–21st centuries), Anglo-American musician and author

Eloise Hubbard Linscott
Eloise Hubbard Linscott (December 29, 1897 – 1978) was a 20th-century American folklorist, song collector, and preservationist. She is the author of Folk Songs of Old New England (1939), considered a valuable scholarly source for American folk songs. John Lee Brooks described Folk Songs of Old New England as an American equivalent of Bishop Percy's 1765 work Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.
Emiling station
Emiling station (Chinese: 阿弥岭站; pinyin: ēmílǐng Zhàn) is a subway station in Tianxin District, Changsha, Hunan, China, operated by the Changsha subway operator Changsha Metro. It entered revenue service on 28 June 2020.

Changsha Metro
The Changsha Metro (officially 长沙轨道交通; chángshā guǐdào jiāotōng; usually called 长沙地铁; chángshā dìtiě) is a rapid transit system in Changsha and Xiangtan. The first operational line, Line 2, commenced service on April 29, 2014, making Changsha the 18th city in mainland China to open a rapid transit system.
Polyphagia
Polyphagia, or hyperphagia, is an abnormally strong, incessant sensation of hunger or desire to eat often leading to overeating. In contrast to an increase in appetite following exercise, polyphagia does not subside after eating and often leads to rapid intake of excessive quantities of food. Polyphagia is not a disorder by itself; rather, it is a symptom indicating an underlying medical condition. It is frequently a result of abnormal blood glucose levels (both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia), and, along with polydipsia and polyuria, it is one of the "3 Ps" commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

Overeating
Overeating occurs when an individual consumes more calories than the energy that is expended via physical activity or expelled via excretion, or when they consume food past the point of satiation, often leading to weight gain and often obesity. Overeating is the defining characteristic of binge eating disorder, and it can be a symptom of bulimia nervosa.

In a broader sense, hyperalimentation includes excessive food administration through other means than eating, e.g. through parenteral nutrition.
Asan Award in Medicine
The Asan Award in Medicine (frequently written as the ASAN Award in Medicine; Korean: 아산의학상) is an annual medical award presented by the Asan Foundation. Not to be confused with their other prize, the ASAN Award, which is given for volunteer work, nor the Asan Memorial Poetry Prize given by the Asan Memorial Association in memory of Malayalam poet Kumaran Asan. Established in 2007, the Asan Award in Medicine is presented in the categories of Basic Medicine, Clinical Medicine, and Young Medical Scientists who are under the age of 40. For the first five years there was a singular laureate but now there is laureate for basic and clinical and up to three young scientists laureates.

Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram
Asan Memorial Poetry Prize or Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram is a literary  award instituted in 1985 by Madras-based Asan Memorial Association in memory of Malayalam poet Kumaran Asan. It is given annually to honour outstanding poets in Malayalam language. The award comprises a purse of Rs 50000, sculpture and certificate. The award was also conferred to Tamil writers in the initial years.
The Residence (TV series)
The Residence is an American mystery comedy drama television series created by Paul William Davies for Netflix. Inspired by The Residence: Inside the Private World of the White House by Kate Andersen Brower, the series revolves around a fictional murder scandal involving the staff of the White House. Produced by Shondaland, the series premiered on March 20, 2025.

Shondaland
Shondaland (stylized as ShondaLand from 2005 to 2016 and shondaland thereafter) is an American television production company founded by television writer and producer Shonda Rhimes. She founded it to be one of the production companies of her first series, the medical drama Grey's Anatomy in 2005. It has since gone on to produce Rhimes's other creations, Grey's spinoff Private Practice and the political drama Scandal, and her other productions—the short-lived Off the Map, the Viola Davis-starring legal thriller How to Get Away with Murder, and the crime thriller The Catch—all of which are co-produced with ABC Studios and air on ABC. As of 2017, it has a partnership affiliation with Netflix creating shows like Bridgerton and the spin-off Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story.
Charlie Holmes
Charlie Holmes (January 27, 1910 near Boston, Massachusetts – September 19, 1985 in Stoughton, Massachusetts) was an American alto jazz saxophonist of the swing era. He also played clarinet and oboe for the Boston Civic Symphony in 1926.

Stoughton, Massachusetts
Stoughton /ˈstoʊtən/ (official name: Town of Stoughton) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 29,281 at the 2020 census. The town is located approximately 17 miles (27 km) from Boston, 31 miles (50 km) from Providence, Rhode Island, and 35 miles (56 km) from Cape Cod.
Makete District
Makete District  is one of the six districts of Njombe Region of Tanzania. Its administrative seat is the town of Iwawa. It is bordered to the north and west by the Mbeya Region, to the east by the Njombe District and to the south by the Ludewa District. It is divided into six divisions and 17 wards. Makete District was founded in 1979 with the policy of the Ujamaa. Before, this part of Iringa Region belonged to Njombe District. The district is known for growing apples due to the favorable climate.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Makete District was 109,160. The Wakinga people mostly live in Makete District.

Ujamaa
Ujamaa (lit. 'fraternity' in Swahili) was a socialist ideology that formed the basis of Julius Nyerere's social and economic development policies in Tanzania after it gained independence from Britain in 1961.

More broadly, ujamaa may mean "cooperative economics", in the sense of "local people cooperating with each other to provide for the essentials of living", or "to build and maintain our own stores, shops, and other businesses and to profit from them together". Activist Maulana Karenga adopted the idea of ujamaa as one of seven principles (Nguzo Saba) in 1965, which formed the focus of the new holiday Kwanzaa a year later.
Sh 2-2
Sh 2-2, also known as Sharpless 2, is an emission nebula in the constellation of Scorpius. It appears as a mid-range brightness making it difficult to view. It is believed to currently host an X-ray binary star that originated and was ejected from the Scorpius OB1 association. Amateur astronomers can usually see it with a wide field telescope and a hydrogen-alpha filter.

The nebulous area is fairly large with an irregular shape appearing as a H II region. The remnant has an apparent diameter that covers approximately 60'. It is seen behind the open cluster NGC 6281.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Jean Thibaudin
Jean Thibaudin (November 1822 – 1905) was a French general and politician of the French Third Republic. He was educated at the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in Brittany. He was involved in the colonization of Madagascar.

He was minister of war (January–October 1883) in the government of Jules Ferry.

École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (lit. 'Special Military School of Saint-Cyr', abbr. ESM), often referred to as Saint-Cyr, is a French military academy. It is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany. French cadet officers are called saint-cyriens or cyrards.

French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a Master of Arts or a Master of Science and are commissioned officers.

The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former Maison Royale de Saint-Louis, in Saint-Cyr-l'École, west of Paris. During the Second World War, the cadets moved several times due to the German invasion. They eventually settled in 1945 in the Coëtquidan military camp in Morbihan.

France's other senior military institutes are the École de guerre and the École de guerre - Terre, located in the École militaire complex, in Paris.
1997–98 Coca-Cola Triangular Series
The 1997–98 Coca-Cola Triangular Series was a One Day International cricket tournament held in India in May 1998. It was a tri-nation series between Bangladesh, India and Kenya. India defeated Kenya in the final to win the tournament.

Kenya national cricket team
The Kenya men's national cricket team represents the Republic of Kenya in international cricket. Kenya is an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) which has Twenty20 International (T20I) status after the ICC granted T20I status to all its members.

They have been an associate member of the ICC since 1981. Since then they have played in five Cricket World Cups from 1996 to 2011 with their best result being a bronze medal finish as the semi-final appearance at the 2003 Cricket World Cup in Southern Africa. They have only qualified for one ICC World Twenty20 tournament, in 2007. The Kenyan national team is governed by Cricket Kenya.

Kenya gained One Day International (ODI) status in 1996 in preparation for the 1996 Cricket World Cup and would have it for eighteen years before losing it at the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier where they finished in the fifth place. Kenya is set to play the qualifiers round for the upcoming 2026 T20 World Cup.
2012–13 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
The 2012/13 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the thirty fourth World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 22 August 2012 and ended on 25 March 2013. This season included five disciplines: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe and slopestyle.

Ski cross
Ski cross is a skiing competition which incorporates terrain features traditionally found in freestyle skiing with courses which include big-air jumps and high-banked turns. In spite of the fact that it is a timed racing event, it is often considered a type of freestyle skiing. What sets ski cross apart from other alpine skiing disciplines is that it involves more than one skier racing down the course. Any intentional contact with other competitors like grabbing or any other forms of contact meant to give the competitor an advantage leads to disqualification.

Ski cross is a part of the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, the world championship organized by the FIS for freestyle skiing. First organized in 1986, the world championship is now held every odd year. In 2010 the sport debuted as a part of the Winter Olympic Games and has been contested ever since. It was a part of the Winter X Games until 2012.