hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gavriil Zhulev
Gavriil Nikolayevich Zhulev (Russian: Гаврии́л Никола́евич Жулёв, 5 July 1836, Spasskoye, Bronnitsky Uyezd, Moscow  Governorate, — 12 July 1878, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian satirical poet, dramatist and actor.

Moscow Governorate
The Moscow Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, and the Russian Empire. It was bordered by Tver Governorate to the north, Vladimir Governorate to the northeast, Ryazan Governorate to the southeast, Tula Governorate to the south, Kaluga Governorate to the southwest, and Smolensk Governorate to the west. Moscow Governorate consisted of an area of 33,272.84 square kilometres (12,846.72 sq mi) and a population of 2,430,581 in 1897. Its capital was in Moscow.
Taula de canvi de Barcelona
The Taula de canvi of Barcelona, created in 1401 and still extant in diminished form in the 19th century, was a municipal bank in Barcelona that has been described as the first-ever central bank. A Taula de canvi ("Table of change" in Catalan), also Taula de cambi or simply Taula, was a type of municipal public bank that existed in the Crown of Aragon in the late Middle Ages and early modern period.

Fiscal agent
A fiscal agent, fiscal sponsor, or financial agent is a proxy that manages fiscal matters on behalf of another party. A fiscal agent may assist in the redemption of bonds or coupons at maturity, disbursing dividends, and handling tax issues. For example, the United States Federal Reserve is the fiscal agent of the federal government of the United States.
Thomas Johnston (Canadian politician)
Thomas Johnston (October 30, 1821 – July 30, 1903) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Shelburne in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1878 and again from 1882 until his death in 1903 as a Liberal member. His name also appears as Thomas Johnson in some sources.

Johnson was born in 1821 at Shelburne, Nova Scotia to Thomas Johnson and Agnes Muir. He married Jerusha Todd on April 5, 1866. He served as sheriff of Shelburne from 1857 to 1864. Johnson was a member of the Executive Council from August 3, 1882, to July 28, 1884, and again from July 20, 1896, to 1901. He died in 1903 at Halifax, Nova Scotia.

He was elected in the 1867 Nova Scotia general election, re-elected in subsequent elections in 1871, and 1874. He returned to the House in the 1882 Nova Scotia general election, and held the seat until his death in 1903.

Shelburne (provincial electoral district)
Shelburne is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada which existed between 1867 and 2013 and since 2021. Since 2021 and between 1933 and 2013 it has elected one member to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly; from 1867 to 1933 it elected two members. The electoral district includes Shelburne County in its entirety.

The electoral district was abolished following the 2012 electoral boundary review and was largely replaced by the new electoral districts of Queens-Shelburne and Argyle-Barrington. It was re-created following the 2019 electoral boundary review out of those districts.
Eupelycosauria
Eupelycosauria is a large clade of animals characterized by the unique shape of their skull, encompassing all mammals and their closest extinct relatives. They first appeared 308 million years ago during the Early Pennsylvanian epoch, with the fossils of Echinerpeton and perhaps an even earlier genus, Protoclepsydrops, representing just one of the many stages in the evolution of mammals, in contrast to their earlier amniote ancestors.

Bashkirian
The Bashkirian is in the International Commission on Stratigraphy geologic timescale the lowest stage or oldest age of the Pennsylvanian. The Bashkirian age lasted from 323.4 to 315.2 Ma, is preceded by the Serpukhovian and is followed by the Moscovian.

The Bashkirian overlaps with the upper part of the Namurian and lower part of the Westphalian stages from regional European stratigraphy. It also overlaps with the North American Morrowan and Atokan stages and the Chinese Luosuan and lower Huashibanian stages.
Battle of 42nd Street
35°28′55″N 24°03′21″E﻿ / ﻿35.4819°N 24.0559°E﻿ / 35.4819; 24.0559

The Battle of 42nd Street was fought on 27 May 1941 during World War II on the Greek island of Crete between an attacking force of Australians and New Zealanders (Anzacs) and German troops. On 20 May, Germany launched a combined airborne and amphibious invasion of Crete. A week later, after the British and Commonwealth forces defending the island were forced to withdraw towards Chania, a force of several understrength Australian and New Zealand infantry battalions established a defensive line along 42nd Street south-east of Chania, forming a rearguard for the withdrawing troops. On 27 May, as a German battalion advanced towards the road, the Anzac defenders carried out a bayonet charge that inflicted heavy casualties on the German attackers, which forced them to withdraw and briefly halted the German advance. Afterwards, the Anzac troops kept retreating towards the southern coast of the island.

Bayonet
A bayonet (from Old French bayonette, now spelt baïonnette) is a knife, dagger, sword, or spike-shaped melee weapon designed to be mounted on the end of the barrel of a rifle, carbine, musket or similar long firearm, allowing the gun to be utilized as a spear in close combat.

The term is derived from the town of Bayonne in southwestern France, where bayonets were supposedly first used by Basques in the 17th century. From the early 17th to the early 20th century, it was an infantry melee weapon used for both offensive and defensive tactics, usually when charging in mass formations (human wave attacks). In contemporary times, bayonets are considered a weapon of last resort and are rarely used in combat, although they are still used regularly for non-combat purposes such as military parades, crowd control and as utility knives.
Puls (surname)
Puls is a German surname, derived from the Slavic forename Boleš, a short form of Bolesław, meaning "great glory."

Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Puls (born 1971), American soccer player

Hans-Joachim Puls, German rower

Stan Puls, (1916–98), American double-bassist

Eric Puls
Eric Puls (born July 4, 1971) is an American retired soccer midfielder who played two seasons in the German third division and nine in the USISL.  He was the head coach of the Reading Rage in 2001 and 2002.
National Film Festival for Talented Youth
The National Film Festival for Talented Youth (NFFTY- pronounced nifty), held annually in Seattle, Washington, showcases work by filmmakers 24 and under from across the U.S. and the world.  Founded in 2007, it has since become the most influential youth-oriented film festival in North America, featuring early work by several notable filmmakers, including Gigi Saul Guerrero, Ben Proudfoot, Matthew Puccini and Rayka Zehtabchi. The festival includes film screenings, filmmaking workshops and panels, concerts by youth bands, and a gala opening night.

Gigi Saul Guerrero
Gigi Saul Guerrero (born February 27, 1990) is a Mexican filmmaker and actress. She is known for creating and directing the 2017 horror web series La Quinceañera, and for her work on the 2019 series The Purge and Into the Dark.
Sophisticated Swing
Sophisticated Swing is the fifth album by jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, and his fourth released on the EmArcy label, featuring performances with Nat Adderley, Junior Mance, Sam Jones and Jimmy Cobb. The front cover photograph was by Chuck Stewart taken at the Ulysses S. Grant Monument, Chicago, Illinois.

EmArcy Records
EmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Bob Shad for the American Mercury Records. The name is a phonetic spelling of "MRC", the initials for Mercury Record Company.

During the 1950s and 1960s, musicians such as Max Roach, Clifford Brown, Cannonball Adderley, Dinah Washington, and Sarah Vaughan recorded for EmArcy.

Today, it is a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The catalogue is managed by the Island Records subsidiary.
Loudest Common Denominator
Loudest Common Denominator is a live album by American rock band Drowning Pool, and was recorded in San Diego. It was released on March 3, 2009. On February 4, 2009, Eleven Seven Music released a video on YouTube of the band revealing details of the album. These details included the album having acoustic versions of both "37 Stitches" and "Shame". On February 5, 2009, Drowning Pool announced on their official website the track listings of the album; they also revealed the cover of the album.

Shame (Drowning Pool song)
"Shame" is the last single from the Drowning Pool album Full Circle. The single and the music video were released early 2009. It hit #26 on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks. Shame was released as a single when they were working on their self-titled album. The single is featured on the Saw IV soundtrack.
Battle of Argaon
The Battle of Argaon (also known as Battle of Argaum) took place on 29 November 1803, between the British under the command of Major-General Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) and the forces of the Bhonsles of Berar and the Scindias of Gwalior.

Bhonsles of Nagpur
The Bhonsles of Nagpur were a Maratha royal house that ruled the Kingdom of Nagpur from 1739-1853. They hailed from the Bhonsle clan of Marathas and were one of the most important and powerful Maratha chiefs in the Maratha Empire.
Appel au peuple
The Appel au peuple (Plebiscite) was a Bonapartist parliamentary group during the early years of the French Third Republic. They advocated a plebiscite by which the people would choose the form of government, which they assumed would be a revival of the Second French Empire. They were a significant force in the 1870s and 1880s They were associated with Boulangism and the right-wing Ligue des Patriotes. There was a brief revival of the Appel au peuple in the 1900s. Although the members supported universal suffrage, believed in advancement based on merit rather than birth, and had diverse views on other subjects, they were generally conservative. Many of them believed in the virtues of family, religion, free trade and private property.

Bonapartism
Bonapartism (French: Bonapartisme [bɔnapaʁtism]) is the political ideology supervening from Napoleon Bonaparte and his followers and successors. The term, originated by Karl Marx, is used in the narrow sense to refer to people who hoped to restore the House of Bonaparte and its style of government. In this sense, a Bonapartiste was a person who either actively participated in or advocated for imperial political factions in 19th-century France. Although Bonapartism emerged in 1814 with the first fall of Napoleon, it only developed doctrinal clarity and cohesion by the 1840s.

The term developed a broad definition used to mean political movements that advocate for an authoritarian centralised state, with a military strongman and charismatic leader with relatively traditionalist ideology.
Hendersonia (fungus)
Hendersonia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Phaeosphaeriaceae.

The genus name of Hendersonia is in honour of Edward George Henderson (1782–1876), who was an English gardener and botanist.

The genus was circumscribed by Pier Andrea Saccardo in Syll. Fung. vol.3 on page 418 in 1884 and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.6 on page 430 in 1841.

Pier Andrea Saccardo
Pier Andrea Saccardo (23 April 1845 in Treviso, Treviso – 12 February 1920 in Padua) was an Italian botanist and mycologist. His multi-volume Sylloge Fungorum was one of the first attempts to produce a comprehensive list of identified fungi, using their spore-bearing structures for classification. He was elected to the Linnean Society in 1916 as a foreign member. He also authored a color classification system that he called Chromotaxia and contributed to the Italian translation of Charles Darwin's Insectivorous Plants.
Hypersonix
Hypersonix Launch Systems Pty Ltd is an aerospace engineering and advanced manufacturing company based in Australia, developing hydrogen-fuelled scramjet propulsion technology and hypersonic flight vehicles for defence and aerospace applications.

Founded in 2019, the company was established to commercialise hypersonic and scramjet technologies developed through research and flight programs led by founder and Chief Technology Officer Michael Smart, including work with NASA and the University of Queensland's Centre for Hypersonics. The company's stated mission is to develop reusable hydrogen-powered scramjet aircraft capable of sustained hypersonic flight, with a long-term vision of achieving flight to space.

Scramjet
A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variant of a ramjet airbreathing jet engine in which combustion takes place in supersonic airflow.  As in ramjets, a scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to compress the incoming air forcefully before combustion (hence ramjet), but whereas a ramjet decelerates the air to subsonic velocities before combustion using shock cones, a scramjet has no shock cone and slows the airflow using shockwaves produced by its ignition source in place of a shock cone. This allows the scramjet to operate efficiently at extremely high speeds.

Although scramjet engines have been used in a handful of operational military vehicles, scramjets have so far mostly been demonstrated in research test articles and experimental vehicles.
Robert J. Weitlaner
Robert J. Weitlaner (April 28, 1883 - July 23, 1968) was an Austrian-born American-Mexican ethnologist and metallurgist born in Steyr, Austria, the son of the civil engineer Julius Weitlaner and Therese Pillinger, a schoolteacher. He studied engineering at Montanuniversität Leoben, from which he graduated in 1908 with the degree of metallurgical engineer. A year later he immigrated to the United States, where he practiced his profession with major American steel companies in Pittsburgh (1909-1910), Buffalo (1910-1913), Philadelphia (1913-1916), Baltimore (1916-1919) and Cleveland (1919-1922). Weitlaner died in Mexico City on July 23, 1968, aged 86.

University of Leoben
The Technical University of Leoben is a public university in Leoben, Styria, Austria.
It was established on 4 November 1840 as the Steiermärkisch-Ständische Montanlehranstalt in Vordernberg,
Styria, Austria's mining region. In 1849, Peter Tunner relocated the university to nearby Leoben. That year the university had a mere 48 students enrolled.

The Technical University of Leoben is a member of TU Austria, an association of three Austrian universities of technology and offers education and conducts research in the fields of mining, metallurgy and materials science.
Media coverage of Bernie Sanders
The media coverage of Bernie Sanders, a U.S. Senator from Vermont, became a subject of discussion during his unsuccessful 2016 and 2020 presidential runs. Sanders and his campaigns alleged mainstream media bias against him, while others contended coverage was unbiased or favorable.

Mainstream media
Mainstream media (MSM) is a term used to refer collectively to the various large mass news media that influence many people and both reflect and shape prevailing currents of thought. The term is used to contrast with alternative media.

The term is often used for large news conglomerates, including newspapers and broadcast media, that underwent successive mergers in many countries. The concentration of media ownership has raised concerns of a homogenization of viewpoints presented to news consumers. Consequently, the term mainstream media has been used in conversation and the blogosphere, sometimes in oppositional, pejorative or dismissive senses, in discussion of the mass media and media bias.
Sierra Nevada Ski Station
The Sierra Nevada Ski Station is a ski resort in the Sierra Nevada in the province of Granada in southeastern Spain. The ski area is on the northwestern slopes of Veleta, the third highest peak in Peninsular Spain and the most southerly ski resort in Europe.

The resort hosted the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in 1996 and occasionally hosts World Cup races, the last being the women's technical races in 2007. In recent years World Slope and Freestyle events took place at the site, which also hosted the 2015 Winter Universiade, the world university games. In March 2017, Sierra Nevada hosted the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships.

2006–07 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 41st World Cup season was scheduled to begin on 28 October 2006, but cancellation of the opening races in Sölden delayed the season's start by two weeks.  A very poor snowpack in the Alps, along with stormy weather in January, caused numerous races to be moved and rescheduled throughout the winter. The schedule included a mid-season break during the first 3 weeks of February for the World Championships in Åre, Sweden. The season concluded on 18 March 2007, at the World Cup Finals in Lenzerheide, Switzerland.
Johnson County
Johnson County is the name of several counties in the United States:

Johnson County, Arkansas

Johnson County, Georgia

Johnson County, Illinois

Johnson County, Indiana

Johnson County, Iowa

Johnson County, Kansas

Johnson County, Kentucky

Johnson County, Missouri

Johnson County, Nebraska

Johnson County, Tennessee

Johnson County, Texas

Johnson County, Wyoming

Johnson County, Indiana
Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 161,765.  The county seat is Franklin. Johnson County is included in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Hawaii Prosecuting Attorney Office, Criminal Investigations Unit
The County of Hawaii, Office of the Prosecuting Attorney, Criminal Investigations Unit is the law enforcement agency for the County of Hawaii, Office of the Prosecuting Attorney. It is tasked with full state police powers to: enforces all State laws and Department rules; conduct investigations of the most complex, confidential and diverse civil/criminal cases being considered and/or readied for court action and prosecution; obtains additional information, evidence, and facts to clarify or substantiate findings of law enforcement agencies; secures, interviews, and interrogates witnesses complainants, and suspects.

State police
State police, provincial police or regional police are a type of sub-national territorial police force found in nations organized as federations, typically in North America, South Asia, and Oceania. These forces typically have jurisdiction over the relevant sub-national jurisdiction, and may cooperate in law enforcement activities with municipal or national police where either exist.
2015 Indian Premier League final
The 2015 Indian Premier League final was a day/night Twenty20 cricket match between the Mumbai Indians and the Chennai Super Kings, played on 24 May 2015, at Eden Gardens, Kolkata. It was held to determine the winner of the 2015 season of the Indian Premier League, the annual professional Twenty20 tournament in India. It was the third time these two teams met in the final, having previously played each other in the 2010 and 2013 finals.

Mumbai defeated Chennai by 41 runs to win their second IPL title, playing in their third IPL final. Their previous IPL victory had come at the same venue against the same opposition in 2013. Chennai were playing their sixth IPL final, attempting to win their third title. Mumbai captain Rohit Sharma was awarded man of the match for his innings of 50. The final was sold out, with a final attendance of around 67,000 people.

Hardik Pandya
Hardik Himanshu Pandya (born 11 October 1993) is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the Indian cricket team. He is an all-rounder who is a right-handed middle order batsman and fast-medium bowler. He is considered one of the best all-rounders in the world in white-ball cricket. Pandya is the first fast-bowling all-rounder in T20Is to complete 1,000 runs and 100 wickets. He captains Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League and occasionally plays for Baroda in domestic cricket. He has captained the Indian team in white-ball cricket and was the vice captain of the team that won the 2024 T20 World Cup.
2012 European Touring Car Cup
The 2012 FIA European Touring Car Cup is the eighth running of the FIA European Touring Car Cup. It will consist of four events in Italy, Slovakia and Austria. The events will consist of two races run over a distance of approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) each. For the first time, five FIA categories will be eligible to enter: Super 2000, Super 1600, Super Production, SEAT León Supercopa and Renault Clio Cup.

Super 1600
Super 1600, also known as S1600, is a rally car formula that was primarily used in the Junior World Rally Championship between 2001 and 2010, as well as international rallycross championships and various national rally championships. Any automobile manufacturer that had a suitable road-going production model in its range could develop a specification for use in this formula. It was devised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (the international governing body of motorsport) in 2000 and first saw competitive use in 2001. Super 1600 was intended to provide a young driver's entry point into international rallying, and could only be used by entrants in the JWRC in particular at world level. From 2011 the formulae was not accepted in JWRC as Group R cars took prominence.
Cap-Brûlé, New Brunswick
Cap-Brûlé is a Canadian rural community located in Westmorland County, New Brunswick.

It is an unincorporated community located on the Northumberland Strait immediately east of the community of Pointe-du-Chêne.

Westmorland County, New Brunswick
Westmorland County (2021 population: 163,576) is a county in New Brunswick, a province of Canada. It is in the south-eastern part of the province. It contains the fast-growing commercial centre of Moncton and its northern and eastern suburbs. Also located in the county are the university town of Sackville and the local tourist destination of Shediac.

Westmorland County is centrally located in the Maritimes and is New Brunswick's most populous county. Fishing and tourism are important industries along the Northumberland Strait shore, and there is some mixed farming in the Petitcodiac River Valley and in the Tantramar Marsh region. The city of Moncton accounts for half of the county's population and has developed as a major transportation, distribution, commercial and retail centre. Dorchester is the historic shire town.
Bolus of Mendes
Bolus of Mendes (Ancient Greek: Βῶλος ὁ Μενδήσιος, Bōlos ho Mendēsios; fl. 3rd century BC) was a philosopher, a neopythagorean writer of works of esoterica and medicine, in Ptolemaic Egypt. Both the Suda, and a later work mistakenly attributed to Eudokia Makrembolitissa—Ἰωνιά; Bed of Violets, probably a 16th-century forgery by Constantine Paleocappa—write of a Pythagorean philosopher of Mendes in Egypt. He is described as one who wrote on marvels, potent remedies, and astronomical phenomena. The Suda, however, also describes a separate Bolus who was a philosopher of the school of Democritus, who wrote Inquiry, and Medical Art, containing "natural medical remedies from some resources of nature." However, from a passage of Columella, it appears that Bolos of Mendes and this other Bolus, follower of Democritus, were one and the same person. He seems to have lived following the time of Theophrastus, whose work Historia Plantarum ('On Plants'), Bolus appears to have known.

Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (/ˌkɒljəˈmɛlə/, Arabic: Yunius: 12 ) was a Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.

His De re rustica in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and cuisine, together with the works of Cato the Elder and Marcus Terentius Varro, both of which he occasionally cites. A smaller book on trees, De arboribus, is usually attributed to him.

In 1794 the Spanish botanists José Antonio Pavón Jiménez and Hipólito Ruiz López named a genus of Peruvian asterid Columellia in his honour.