hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhyl Miniature Railway
The Rhyl Miniature Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Fach y Rhyl) is a 15 in (381 mm) gauge miniature railway line located in Rhyl on the North Wales Coast. The line runs in a circle around a boating lake near the promenade, to the west of the town centre. The railway is operated by Rhyl Steam Preservation Trust, a Registered charity.

Ridable miniature railway
A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by diesel or petrol engines, live steam or electric motors).
446th Airlift Wing
The 446th Airlift Wing  is an Air Reserve component of the United States Air Force.  It is assigned to the Fourth Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at McChord AFB, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington.  The 446th is an associate unit of the 62d Airlift Wing and if mobilized the wing is gained by Air Mobility Command.

Implementation Force
The Implementation Force (IFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peace enforcement force in Bosnia and Herzegovina under a one-year mandate from 20 December 1995 to 20 December 1996 under the codename Operation Joint Endeavour.
Peripatopsis sedgwicki
Peripatopsis sedgwicki is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatopsidae family. Also known as the Tsitsikamma velvet worm, this species has a narrow geographic distribution in South Africa but is especially abundant in the indigenous forest of the Tsitsikamma mountains. Recent phylogenetic analysis using molecular data finds that Peripatopsis sedgwicki as traditionally understood based on morphology (sensu lato) is a species complex that contains four different species: P. sedgwicki s.s. (sensu stricto, that is, as more narrowly defined), P. orientalis, P. collarium, and P. margaritarius.

Tsitsikamma Mountains
The Tsitsikamma mountains form an east-west mountain range located in the Garden Route region of the southern South African coast in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces. Tsitsikamma means 'place of much water' in the Khoekhoe language.
Luna Brothers
Jonathan Luna (born December 10, 1978) and Joshua Luna (born January 9, 1981), professionally known as the Luna Brothers, are Filipino-American comics creators known for their creator-owned books. They  first achieved success with the series Ultra and Girls. They are also known for their book The Sword, and for providing the art for Marvel Comics' Spider-Woman: Origin.

Although early in their career they wrote and drew together, later Joshua primarily scripted the dialogue, and Jonathan did the art.

Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans (Filipino: Mga Pilipinong Amerikano) are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century and other small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until after the end of the Spanish–American War at the end of the 19th century, when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.

As of 2022, there were almost 4.5 million Filipino Americans in the United States with large communities in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Texas, Florida, Nevada, and the New York metropolitan area. Around one third of Filipino Americans identify as multiracial or multiethnic, with 3 million reporting only Filipino ancestry and 1.5 million reporting Filipino in combination with another group.
Peppy Martin
Peppy Martin (born Josephine Ellen Martin; May 1, 1946) is an American public relations executive who is also a perennial candidate for office in the state of Kentucky; she was the unsuccessful Republican nominee in the 1999 gubernatorial election, and later unsuccessfully ran in the 2003 Republican primary for Auditor of Public Accounts and the 2023 Democratic primary for governor.

Perennial candidate
A perennial candidate is a term for a political candidate who frequently runs for elected office and rarely, if ever, wins. Perennial candidates are most common where there is no limit on the number of times that a person can run for office and little cost to register as a candidate.
Zhang Xiaowen (chess player)
Zhang Xiaowen (Chinese: 章晓雯; born 24 February 1989 in Shanghai) is a Chinese chess player who holds the FIDE title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM). She won the Asian Women's Continental Individual Championship which took place in May 2009 in Subic Bay Freeport Zone. In April 2011 she won the Chinese Women's Chess Championship. Her highest rating is 2437 as of March 2010.

Asian Chess Championship
The Asian Chess Championship is a chess tournament open to all players from Asian chess federations (FIDE zones from 3.1 to 3.8). It is held with the Swiss system and consists of two divisions, Open and Women's, the latter of which is reserved to female players. Both sections determine the Asian champions and qualify a certain number of players for the FIDE World Cup and Women's World Cup. The Championship is regulated by the Asian Chess Federation.
Church of Atheism of Central Canada v Canada (National Revenue)
Church of Atheism of Central Canada v Canada (National Revenue) 2019 FCA 296 (CanLII) is a 2019 Federal Court of Appeal case in Canada. It was brought by the Church of Atheism of Central Canada against the Canada Revenue Agency after the Minister of National Revenue rejected their application for religious charitable status. The court determined on a unanimous verdict that atheism is not a religion and not eligible for tax-exempt charity status.

Minister of National Revenue
The minister of national revenue (French: ministre du revenu national) is the minister of the Crown responsible for the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). The role is currently styled Minister of Finance and National Revenue (French: Ministre des Finances et du Revenu national).

François-Philippe Champagne has been Minister of National Revenue since May 13, 2025. He concurrently serves as the minister of finance.
Paul Silver
Paul Gordon Silver (November 30, 1948 – August 7, 2009) was an American seismologist.
A member of the research staff at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington since 1982, Paul Silver made a series of important contributions to the investigation of seismic anisotropy and to earthquake research by observing the slow redistribution of stress and strain along fault zones.

Paul Silver and his younger daughter Celine died in an automobile accident in North Carolina on August 7, 2009.

Carnegie Institution for Science
Carnegie Science, also known as the Carnegie Institution of Washington and formerly Carnegie Institution for Science, is a nonprofit organization established in 1902 to fund and perform scientific research in the United States. The institution is headquartered in Washington, D.C. In 2018, expenses for scientific programs and administration totaled $96.6 million. As of June 30, 2020, the institution's endowment was valued at $926.9 million. The current president is American astronomer and astrophysicist John Mulchaey, whose official term began in November 2024.
Gillo Pontecorvo
Gilberto Pontecorvo Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (Italian: [ˈdʒillo ponteˈkɔrvo]; 19 November 1919 – 12 October 2006) was an Italian filmmaker associated with the political cinema movement of the 1960s and '70s. He is best known for directing the landmark war docudrama The Battle of Algiers (1966). It won the Golden Lion at the 27th Venice Film Festival, and earned him Oscar nominations for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.

His other films include Kapò (1960), a Holocaust drama; Burn! (1969), a period film about a fictional slave revolt in the Lesser Antilles; and Ogro (1979), a dramatization of the assassination of Spanish Prime Minister Luis Carrero Blanco by Basque separatists. He also directed several documentaries and short films.

In 2000, he received the Pietro Bianchi Award at the Venice Film Festival. The same year, he was ascended as a Knight's Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.

Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award (also known as an Oscar) for the best screenplay not based upon previously published material; writers with "written by", "screenplay" or "story" credits are all collectively recognized as recipients for each nomination.

The category was created in 1940, and has always existed concurrently with the Best Adapted Screenplay category (conversely for films based on pre-existing intellectual properties); originally, it also co-existed with a third writing category, Best Story, which had been active since the original Academy Awards ceremony in 1929; this latter award was meant to reward specifically writers who originated a film's plot and characters rather than those who wrote the dialogue and final screenplay, although Best Story would later be merged into Best Original Screenplay in 1956.
Major Without a Deal
Major Without a Deal is the second studio album by American rapper Troy Ave. It was released on June 5, 2015, through BSB Records with distribution via EMPIRE. Produced by Yankee, Chase N. Cashe, Rubirosa, John Scino, Kid Capri, Ted Smoove, Tha Bizness, Yaiquab and Troy Ave himself, it features guest appearances from A$AP Ferg, Cam'Ron, Fat Joe, Jadakiss, Lil Twin Contraban, Snoop Dogg, Ty Dolla $ign and Young Lito.

The album debuted at number 109 on the Billboard 200, number 14 on both the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and the Independent Albums, and number 13 on the Top Rap Albums charts in the United States.

Tha Bizness
Tha Bizness is an American record production and songwriting duo from Seattle, Washington, composed of Justin "Henny" Henderson and Christopher John "Dow Jones" Whitacre. Tha Bizness have produced songs for several prominent artists, including Chris Brown, Ne-Yo, Jay-Z, Snoop Dogg, Nas, 8Ball & MJG, Ice Cube, 50 Cent, and Kendrick Lamar, among others. In 2009, they received a Producer of the Year nomination at the BET Hip Hop Awards.
ZDT's Amusement Park
ZDT's Amusement Park was a 10-acre (4.0 ha) family amusement park located in Seguin, Texas. The park opened in 2007 and featured 12 attractions, three of which were water rides, along with an arcade. It was open year-round, with the exception of its water rides, which operated from March through September. The park introduced its first roller coaster, Switchback, in 2015. The park permanently closed on August 17, 2025 due to rising operational costs.

Amusement arcade
An amusement arcade, also known as a video arcade, amusements, arcade, or penny arcade (an older term), is a venue where people play arcade games. These include arcade video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games, merchandisers (such as claw machines), or coin-operated billiards or air hockey tables. In some countries, some types of arcades are also legally permitted to provide gambling machines such as slot machines or pachinko machines. Games are usually housed in cabinets.

Video games were introduced in amusement arcades in the late 1970s and were most popular during the golden age of arcade video games, the early 1980s.
Ted Thomas (footballer, born 1898)
Edward Hazen Thomas (9 August 1898 – 8 May 1965) was an Australian rules football player at the Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

In 1926, he became one of the club's premiership players, under the auspices of captain-coach Albert Chadwick. Thomas made his debut against Essendon in round 1 of the 1921 VFL season, at the East Melbourne Cricket Ground. He has been given the Melbourne Heritage Number of 385, based on the order of his debut for the club.  Originally from Oakleigh Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), he returned there for the 1929, 1930 and 1931 seasons before returning to Melbourne for a final season in the VFL.

His grandson, Leon Baker, played for Essendon in the 1980s.

East Melbourne Cricket Ground
The East Melbourne Cricket Ground (EMCG) was an Australian rules football and cricket venue located the Victorian suburb of East Melbourne.

Located at the southwest corner of Jolimont Road and Jolimont Parade (now known as Wellington Parade South), the ground was host to many sporting events during the city of Melbourne's early existence. In addition to Australian rules football and cricket, the ground occasionally hosted soccer matches.

Its closure in 1921 was predicated by the annexure of the land by Victorian Railways to enable stabling and marshalling of trains as part of the electrification of Melbourne's metropolitan rail service.
Spalding Rural District
Spalding was a rural district in Holland in Lincolnshire, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from the Spalding rural sanitary district.  Spalding itself constituted a separate urban district.

It was expanded in 1932 under a County Review Order, by including Crowland Rural District (which consisted of a single parish).

It was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, going on to form part of the South Holland district.

Rural district
A rural district was a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the administrative counties.
Alpha 21064
The Alpha 21064 is a microprocessor developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corporation that implemented the Alpha (introduced as the Alpha AXP) instruction set architecture (ISA). It was introduced as the DECchip 21064 before it was renamed in 1994. The 21064 is also known by its code name, EV4. It was announced in February 1992 with volume availability in September 1992. The 21064 was the first commercial implementation of the Alpha ISA, and the first microprocessor from Digital to be available commercially. It was succeeded by a derivative, the Alpha 21064A in October 1993. This last version was replaced by the Alpha 21164 in 1995.

Microprocessor Report
Microprocessor Report is a newsletter covering the microprocessor industry. The publication is accessible only to paying subscribers. To avoid bias, it does not take advertisements.

The publication provides extensive analysis of new high-performance microprocessor chips. It also covers microprocessor design issues, microprocessor-based systems, memory and system logic chips, embedded processors, GPUs, DSPs, and intellectual property (IP) cores.
Glenview (Stony Creek, Virginia)
Glenview, also known as Chambliss House, is a historic home located near Stony Creek, Sussex County, Virginia.  The original section of the house was built about 1800. It was enlarged and modified in the 1820s.

It is associated with John R. Chambliss Sr. (1809-1875), who lived here during his lifetime. He was a planter and served in the Confederate House of Representatives after secession.

The house is a two-story, hip-roofed, five-bay dwelling. It has a Georgian central-hall plan with Federal style design influences. Also remaining on the property are a contributing early-19th century frame secondary structure that was likely used as a store and dwelling, and the Chambliss family burial ground.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Central-passage house
The central-passage house, also known variously as central hall plan house, center-hall house, hall-passage-parlor house, Williamsburg cottage, and Tidewater-type cottage, was a vernacular, or folk form, house type from the colonial period onward into the 19th century in the United States.
Tibet Museum (Lhasa)
The Tibet Museum (Tibetan: བོད་ལྗྗོངས་རྟེན་རྫས་བཤམས་མཛོད་ཁང་ Chinese: 西藏博物馆) is the official museum of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in Lhasa. Inaugurated on October 5, 1999, it is the first large, modern museum in the Tibet Autonomous Region. It has a collection of more than 520,000 artifacts, including pottery, jade, and Buddha statues, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors every year. It has a collection of around 1,000 artifacts permanently on display related to the cultural history of Tibet, from examples of Tibetan art to architectural design throughout history such as Tibetan doors and beams. In order to fill the museum the Tibet aristocracy and religious establishment had their property confiscated by the Chinese Government (Harris 2013:67).

Classical Tibetan
Classical Tibetan is a liturgical language of Tibetan Buddhism that dates from the 9th century. It particularly refers to the language of early canonical texts translated from other languages, especially Sanskrit. It is one of the handful of 'living' classical languages along with Arabic, Ge'ez, and New Persian, though it meaningfully differs from Modern Standard Tibetan.
Topoisomer
Topoisomers or topological isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and stereochemical bond connectivities but  different topologies. Examples of molecules for which there exist topoisomers include DNA, which can form knots, and catenanes. Each topoisomer of a given DNA molecule possesses a different linking number associated with it. DNA topoisomers can be interchanged by enzymes called topoisomerases. Using a topoisomerase along with an intercalator, topoisomers with different linking number may be separated on an agarose gel via gel electrophoresis.

Linking number
In mathematics, the linking number is a numerical invariant that describes the linking of two closed curves in three-dimensional space.  Intuitively, the linking number represents the number of times that each curve winds around the other.  In Euclidean space, the linking number is always an integer, but may be positive or negative depending on the orientation of the two curves (this is not true for curves in most 3-manifolds, where linking numbers can also be fractions or just not exist at all).

The linking number was introduced by Gauss in the form of the linking integral.  It is an important object of study in knot theory, algebraic topology, and differential geometry, and has numerous applications in mathematics and science, including quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and the study of DNA supercoiling.
Richard Savage Lloyd
Richard Savage Lloyd (c.1730–1810), of Hintlesham Hall, Suffolk, was a British landowner and Member of Parliament.

He was the eldest son of Sir Richard Lloyd of Hintlesham, lawyer and solicitor-general and was educated at Eton College (1742–48) and St. John’s College, Cambridge. Like his father before him, he then entered the Middle Temple to study law. He succeeded his father in 1761 to Hintlesham Hall, now a Grade I listed building.

He sat in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1759 to 1768 as a Member of Parliament (MP)  for Totnes.

He married and had 2 sons and 2 daughters and was succeeded by Richard Savage Lloyd, jnr.

Totnes (UK Parliament constituency)
Totnes was a parliamentary constituency in Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency name was abolished. With to minor boundary changes, it was renamed South Devon at the 2024 general election.
Daphne L. Smith
Daphne Letitia Smith was the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in 1985. She is the president of the National Alumnae Association of Spelman College, her alma mater, and a member of Spelman's Board of Trustees; in 2011 she was honored with the Alumnae Association's Hall of Fame Award, "the organization’s highest honor".

Smith is originally from Ocala, Florida, and graduated from Spelman College in 1980.
At MIT, she studied probability theory as a student of Richard M. Dudley; her dissertation was Vapnik-Červonenkis Classes and the Supremum Distribution of a Gaussian Process. She taught at the University of Georgia, Georgia State University and Spelman College before turning to industry, where she has worked as a mathematician and healthcare analyst specializing in disease management.

Spelman College
Spelman College is a private, historically Black, women's liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is a founding member of the  Atlanta University Center academic consortium. Founded in 1881 as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, Spelman awarded its first college degrees in 1901 and is the oldest private historically Black liberal arts institution for women.
Anthony Burton (curator)
Anthony Burton is a former director of the V&A Museum of Childhood and an expert on the history of childhood.

Burton worked for the museum from 1968 to 2002. He spent sixteen years as head of the Museum of Childhood at Bethnal Green, after which he returned to South Kensington where he was involved in the museum's oral history project, taking recollections from former members of staff.

Burton is a visiting lecturer at Kingston University, London.

History of childhood
The history of childhood has been a topic of interest in social history since the highly influential book Centuries of Childhood, published by French historian Philippe Ariès in 1960. He argued "childhood" as a concept was created by modern society. Ariès studied paintings, gravestones, furniture, and school records.  He found before the 17th-century, children were represented as mini-adults.

Other scholars have emphasized how medieval and early modern child rearing was not indifferent, negligent, nor brutal. The historian Stephen Wilson argues that in the context of pre-industrial poverty and high infant mortality (with a third or more of the babies dying), actual child-rearing practices represented appropriate behavior in the circumstances. He points to extensive parental care during sickness, and to grief at death, sacrifices by parents to maximize child welfare, and a wide cult of childhood in religious practice.
Catholic Central League
The Catholic Central League (CCL) is a high school athletic conference in District 6 of the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association. Most league members are schools with Catholic affiliations. The league is based mostly in the eastern part of Massachusetts.

Marian High School (Massachusetts)
Marian High School was a private, Roman Catholic, co-educational high school in Framingham, Massachusetts, United States. It was established in 1956 and was located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston. It ran independently of the Diocese since 2004 and on April 3, 2018, the school's board voted unanimously to cease operations at the end of the 2018 school year, due to low enrollment.
Jan Lambrecht (New Testament scholar)
Jan Lambrecht (23 April 1926 – 4 March 2023) was a Belgian Catholic priest of the Society of Jesus, Professor Emeritus of New Testament and Biblical Greek at the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, KU Leuven, Belgium and a member of the Pontifical Biblical Commission. As a theologian, biblical scholar, and prolific author, he contributed numerous studies on almost all the books of the New Testament, but focused especially on the Gospels and the Pauline letters. His publications included books and articles written in English, Dutch, and French.

Faculty of Theology, Catholic University of Leuven
The Leuven Faculty of Theology was a branch of the Catholic University of Leuven, founded in 1834 in Mechelen by the bishops of Belgium as the Catholic University of Belgium, that moved its seat to the town of Leuven in 1835, changing its name to Catholic University of Leuven.

In 1968 the faculty was divided into Flemish and French speaking departments, and they exist today as faculties of two separate universities: the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), and the Faculty of Theology of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain), which moved to Louvain-la-Neuve.