hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Villa Giulia (Ventotene)
Villa Giulia is an ancient Roman imperial villa or palace on the north tip of the island of Ventotene (ancient name: Pandateria) which lies between the Campania and Lazio regions of Italy.

The huge villa complex of over 3,000 m2 area included thermae (thermal baths), terraces, gardens, an exedra and aqueducts.

Exedra
An exedra (pl.: exedras or exedrae) is a semicircular architectural recess or platform, sometimes crowned by a semi-dome, and either set into a building's façade or free-standing. The original Greek word ἐξέδρα ('a seat out of doors') was applied to a room that opened onto a stoa, ringed with curved high-backed stone benches, a suitable place for conversation. An exedra may also be expressed by a curved break in a colonnade, perhaps with a semicircular seat.

The exedra would typically have an apsidal podium that supported the stone bench. The free-standing (open air) exedra, often supporting bronze portrait sculpture, is a familiar Hellenistic structure, characteristically sited along sacred ways or in open places in sanctuaries, such as at Delos or Epidaurus. Some Hellenistic exedras were built in relation to a city's agora, as in Priene. Monument architects have also used this free-standing style in modern times.
Ed Tutwiler (golfer)
Edgar Marten Tutwiler, Jr. (July 29, 1919 – November 18, 1988) from Mount Hope, West Virginia was an American amateur golfer. Raised in southern West Virginia, he was a star athlete in high school, excelling in basketball; after initially making a name on the links while in school, Tutwiler captured the first of his eleven West Virginia Amateur crowns in 1939. Following some time in the Oklahoma oil fields, he returned to West Virginia where he ran a number of Charleston area businesses, most predominantly a Cadillac dealership. He moved to Indianapolis, Indiana in 1964 and established a new Cadillac franchise there. Tutwiler won three West Virginia Open titles, two Indiana Amateur's and finished runner-up in the 1964 U.S. Amateur and was a member of the U.S. Walker Cup team in 1965 and 1967.

U.S. Amateur
The United States Amateur Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Amateur, is the leading annual golf tournament in the United States for amateur golfers. It is organized by the United States Golf Association and is currently held each August over a 7-day period.
Swift Playgrounds
Swift Playgrounds is an educational tool and development environment for the Swift programming language developed by Apple Inc., initially announced at the WWDC 2016 conference. It was introduced as an iPad application alongside iOS 10, with a macOS version introduced in February 2020. It is available for free via Apple's App Store for iPadOS and Mac App Store for macOS.

In addition to publishing the Swift Playgrounds application itself, Apple also produces a series of educational lessons teaching programming and debugging skills. The application can also subscribe to lessons and other content published by third parties, including lessons allowing users to control educational toys such as Lego Mindstorms EV3 and Sphero robots. Apple publishes a curriculum guide for educators wishing to incorporate Swift Playgrounds into their teaching.

IPadOS
iPadOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for its iPad line of tablet computers. It was given a name distinct from iOS, the operating system used by Apple's iPhones, to reflect the diverging features of the two product lines, such as multitasking. It was introduced as iPadOS 13, reflecting its status as the successor to iOS 12 for the iPad, and first released to the public on September 24, 2019. Major versions of iPadOS are released annually; the current stable version, iPadOS 26.2.1, was released to the public on January 26, 2026.
Grace United Methodist Church (Wilmington, Delaware)
Grace United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church located at 9th and West Streets in Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was designed by architect Thomas Dixon and built in 1868.  It is constructed of serpentine stone of a light pea green color in the Victorian Gothic style.  The church building measures approximately 166 feet by 102 feet, 6 inches.  It features a needle spire that rises to 186 feet and is topped by a Celtic cross.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It was dedicated in 1868 to the Union victory at Gettysburg, which saved the city from being ransacked by the advancing Confederates.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 155
The 155th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in Chester County and includes the following areas:

Downingtown

Caln Township (PART, District 04)

East Brandywine Township

West Brandywine Township

Upper Uwchlan Township

Uwchlan Township

Wallace Township

Upper Uwchlan Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Uwchlan Township (/ˈjuːklən/; [ˈɪuxlan]) is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 11,227 at the 2010 census. The township included the community of Milford Mills before it was inundated by the creation of the Marsh Creek Dam in 1972.

The main population center of the township has grown surrounding the historic Eagle Tavern at the intersection of Route 100 and Little Conestoga Road.  This major unincorporated community is known as the village of Eagle, but also sometimes known as Uwchlan.  That is the address of the local post office.
Bourdieu v. Pacific Western Oil Co.
Bourdieu v. Pacific Western Oil Co., 299 U.S. 65 (1936), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that an inquiry into indispensability would be unnecessary where the complaint did not state a cause of action.

Indispensable party
An indispensable party (also called a required party, necessary party, or necessary and indispensable party) is a party in a lawsuit whose participation is required for jurisdiction or the purpose of rendering a judgment. In reality, a party may be "necessary" but not indispensable. For example, if they claim an interest in the litigation, that interest may be impeded if they are not joined. That does not transform them into an indispensable party unless their absence threatens some other party's interest. Often, an indispensable party is any party whose rights are directly affected by disposition of the case. Many jurisdictions have rules that provide for an indispensable party to be joined (brought into the case as a party) at the discretion of the judge, which is referred to as a nonjoinder of party. In some cases, the inability to join such a party means that the case must be dismissed. In the United States, this is outlined in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 19.
Osphronemus
Osphronemus is a genus of large gouramis, the only genus within the subfamily Osphroneminae.  These fish are known as the giant gouramis and are native to rivers, lakes, pools, swamps and floodplains in Southeast Asia, with O. exodon from the Mekong basin, O. laticlavius and O. septemfasciatus from Borneo, while O. goramy is relatively widespread. O. goramy has been introduced outside its native range in Asia, Africa and Australia.

All the species are highly prized as food fish, leading to farming of O. goramy and rearing of O. septemfasciatus. Osphronemus appear in the aquarium trade, but they are very long-lived, possibly reaching up to 40 years old, and require a very large tank with a strong filter.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Bafoulabé Airport
Bafoulabé Airport (ICAO: GABF) (French: Aéroport de Bafoulabé) is an airstrip serving Bafoulabé, a town and commune in the Bafoulabé Cercle of the Kayes Region of Mali. Bafoulabé is on the Senegal River at its confluence from the Bafing and Bakoy Rivers. The airport is just west of the town.

The airport elevation is 380 feet (116 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway that is 900 metres (2,953 ft) long.

The Kayes VOR-DME (Ident: KAY) is 52.6 nautical miles (97 km) northwest of the airport.

Kayes Region
Kayes Region (Bambara: ߞߊߦߌ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Kayi Dineja, Arabic: منطقة كايس, romanized: minṭaqa Kāyas) is one of ten first level national subdivisions in Mali called Regions. It is the first administrative area of Mali and covers an area of 120,760 square kilometres or 46,630 square miles. Its capital is the town of Kayes. The province was historically part of the Ghana Empire and the Mali Empire.
Marcus Nonnenmacher
Marcus Nonnenmacher (1653–1720) was a cabinet-maker for the Prague royal court.

He was born in Constance, the son of a German cabinet-maker he became in 1677 citizen of Prague, where he married into the family of the court cabinet-maker Abraham Stolz.

His Der architektonische Tischler oder Pragerisches Säulenbuch, printed in Nuremberg, 1710, is a furniture pattern book which included altars, cartouches, chairs, tables, beds, cradles, overmantels, and cupboards, all in a rich acanthus style. A second edition appeared in 1751.

Nonnenmacher died in Prague.

Cupboard
A cupboard is a piece of furniture for enclosing dishware or grocery items that are stored in a home. The term is sometimes also used for any form of cabinet or enclosed bookcase. It gradually evolved from its original meaning: an open-shelved side table for displaying dishware, more specifically plates, cups and saucers. These open cupboards typically had between one and three display tiers, and at the time, a drawer or multiple drawers fitted to them.
Geology of Kansas
The geology of Kansas encompasses the geologic history and the presently exposed rock and soil. Rock that crops out in the US state of Kansas was formed during the Phanerozoic eon, which consists of three geologic eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Paleozoic rocks at the surface in Kansas are primarily from the Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian periods.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
United Investors Life Insurance Company
United Investors Life Insurance Company (UILIC) was an American life insurance company based in Birmingham, Alabama. It provided individual life insurance and annuity products. The Company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Protective Life Corporation in 2010 and was eventually merged with its parent company.

As of 2010, UILIC had more than $14 billion of insurance in force with more than 150,000 policies and 1,400 licensed Agents nationwide. At that time, United Investors Life Insurance Company held the A (Excellent) Financial Strength Rating from AM Best.

AM Best
A.M. Best Company, Inc. is an American credit rating agency headquartered in Oldwick, New Jersey, that focuses  on the insurance industry. Both the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners have designated the company as a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO) in the United States.
Cannabis indica
Cannabis indica is an annual plant species in the family Cannabaceae indigenous to the Hindu Kush mountains of Southern Asia. The plant produces large amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), with total cannabinoid levels being much higher than observed in industrial hemp varieties. It is now widely grown in China, India, Nepal, Thailand, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, as well as southern and western Africa, and is cultivated for purposes including hashish in India. The high concentrations of THC or THCV provide euphoric effects making it popular for use for several purposes, not only simple pleasure but also clinical drug research, potential new drug research, and use in alternative medicine, among many others.

Tetrahydrocannabivarin
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV, THV, O-4394, GWP42004) is a homologue of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) having a propyl (3-carbon) side chain instead of pentyl (5-carbon), making it non-psychoactive in lower doses. It has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity, appetite suppression, glycemic control and reduced side effects compared to THC, making it a potential treatment for management of obesity and diabetes. THCV was studied by Roger Adams as early as 1942.
Sonia Bergamasco
Sonia Bergamasco (born 16 January 1966) is an Italian actress.

Born in Milan, Bergamasco graduated in piano at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory and then enrolled the drama school of the Piccolo Teatro, graduating in 1990. The same year, she made her stage debut in Giorgio Strehler's Arlecchino dei giovani.

She made her film debut in 1994, in the film Miracoli, storie per corti, in the segment Antonio Mastronunzio pittore sannita directed by Mario Martone. In 2001 she had her breakout role as Sofia, the main character in Giuseppe Bertolucci's Probably Love. In 2004 thanks to her performance in The Best of Youth she won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress along with the rest of the female cast.

Bergamasco is married to actor Fabrizio Gifuni, since 2000. They have two daughters.

Piccolo Teatro (Milan)
The Piccolo Teatro di Milano ('Little Theatre of the City of Milan') is a theatre in Milan, Italy. Founded in 1947, it is Italy's first permanent theatre, and a national teatro stabile, or permanent repertory company, and is considered a theatre of major national and European importance. The theatre has three venues: Teatro Grassi, in Via Rovello, between Sforza Castle and the Piazza del Duomo; Teatro Studio, which was originally intended to be the theater's rehearsal hall; and Teatro Strehler, which opened in 1998 with a seating capacity of 974. Its annual programme consists of approximately thirty performances. In addition, the venue hosts cultural events, from festivals and films, to concerts, conferences, and conventions, as well as supporting the Paolo Grassi Drama School.
Ready for the Victory
"Ready for the Victory" is a song by Modern Talking. It was the first single on their eleventh album, Victory.

In Russia, the single was released with additional tracks including the megamix "Space Mix '98".

Modern Talking
Modern Talking was a German pop duo consisting of arranger, songwriter and producer Dieter Bohlen and singer Thomas Anders. They have been referred to as Germany's most successful pop duo, and have had a number of hit singles, reaching the top 5 in many countries. Their most popular singles are "You're My Heart, You're My Soul", "You Can Win If You Want", "Cheri, Cheri Lady", "Brother Louie", "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" and "Geronimo's Cadillac".

Modern Talking worked together from 1983 to 1987, when they disbanded. They made a successful comeback, recording and releasing music again from 1998 to 2003. The duo released singles (many of which involved American rapper Eric Singleton) which again entered the top 10 in Germany and elsewhere, such as "You're My Heart, You're My Soul '98", a remake of the first version of their hit. By the duo's final break-up in 2003, they had reached 120 million of sales worldwide.
Oulu Bus Station
The Oulu Bus Station (Finnish: Oulun linja-autoasema) is a bus station in the city center of Oulu, Finland, located in the Vaara district near the Raksila district. From the bus station there is a pedestrian connection via the railway underpass tunnel to Oulu railway station and the station pier. There is no longer a ticket office and the Matkahuolto service in the station building, but there is still a café in the building.

The bus station was originally built in Torinranta on the site of the current Autoranta parking area in 1937. The Oulu City Council decided to build a new station as early as 1963, but the new existing bus station was only opened in November 1983. Today, the bus station has received a lot of criticism for its old and dilapidated due to its condition, which is no longer subject to renovation.

Next to the bus station building is Martti Aiha's sculpture Futura – Tuntematon.

Bus station
A bus station, bus depot, bus interchange or bus exchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop. It may be intended as a terminal station for a number of routes, or as a transfer station where the routes continue.

Bus station platforms may be assigned to fixed bus lines, or variable in combination with a dynamic passenger information system. The latter requires fewer platforms, but does not provide consistent locations for passengers.
Oden (1988 icebreaker)
Oden is a large Swedish icebreaker, built in 1988 for the Swedish Maritime Administration. It is named after the Norse god Odin. First built to clear a passage through the ice of the Gulf of Bothnia for cargo ships, it was later modified to serve as a research vessel. Equipped with its own helicopter and crewed by a complement of 15, it has ample capacity to carry laboratory equipment and 80 passengers, functioning independently in harsh Polar ice packs of the Arctic and Antarctic seas. It was the first non-nuclear surface vessel to reach the North Pole (in 1991), together with the German research icebreaker Polarstern. It has participated in several scientific expeditions in Arctic and Antarctica.

Swedish Maritime Administration
The Swedish Maritime Administration (Swedish: Sjöfartsverket) is the government agency in Sweden which provides services to the transport sector by keeping the sea lanes open and safe. The agency is to a certain degree financed through fees levied on commercial shipping.

The head office is in Norrköping.

The main services of the Maritime Administration include: pilotage, maintenance of marine fairways, ice-breaking, hydrographics, maritime search and rescue, seamen's service. It also maintains the lighthouses and other aids to navigation of Sweden. Until 1 January 2009, it also was responsible for  maritime safety inspection. Seagoing vessels navigating the Baltic Sea must meet certain ice class requirement. While its mainly deals with merchant shipping, other maritime activities are also taken into account.

Sjöfartsverket runs the Joint Rescue Center Gothenburg.
Britpop (A. G. Cook album)
Britpop is the third studio album by English music producer A. G. Cook. The album was released on 10 May 2024 via New Alias. It arrived five months after the announcement that Cook's PC Music label would cease to release any new material. The album is split into separate discs, similar to his debut album 7G (2020), with the three discs on Britpop representing the past, present and future of Cook's artistry. The album was supported by the singles "Silver Thread Golden Needle", the title track, and "Soulbreaker".

Britpop was universally acclaimed by critics upon its release, who praised the album for its innovative-sounding production with hyperpop elements, creating a genre-bending and nostalgic listening experience. Many critics consider the album A. G. Cook's best solo body of work yet.

Alaska Reid
Sophia Alaska Reid (born 1996), known professionally as Alaska Reid, is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She is known for her electronic and country-tinged indie rock sound and narrative-driven lyrical content. She is also known for her collaborations with boyfriend A. G. Cook.

She initially began releasing music with her band Alyeska in 2015, releasing an EP titled Crush in April 2017.

She began releasing solo material in 2019 with her debut single "Quake". She released her first full-length released titled Big Bunny in December 2020, under Terrible Records. Her debut album Disenchanter was released on 14 July 2023 via Luminelle Recordings.
SS Waigstill Avery
SS Waigstill Avery (MC contract 910) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Waightstill Avery, the first Attorney General of North Carolina who fought a duel with Andrew Jackson in 1788.

The ship was laid down by North Carolina Shipbuilding Company in their Cape Fear River yard on March 24, 1943, and launched on April 22, 1943. Avery was chartered to the Polarus Steamship Company until October 1947 by the War Shipping Administration.  A.L. Burbank delivered her to the Wilmington Fleet of the National Defense Reserve Fleet in November 1947.  The vessel was sold for scrap in 1960.

Waightstill Avery
Waightstill Avery (10 May 1741 – 15 March 1821) was an early American lawyer and officer in the North Carolina militia during the American Revolution. He is noted for fighting a duel with future U.S. president Andrew Jackson in 1788.
Solange Tetero
Solange Tetero is a Rwandan politician who currently serves as General Director of Youth Empowerment in Rwanda Minister of Youth and Culture since 2020. From 2015 to 2020 she has been working for the Imbuto Foundation. She was awarded two times by the First Lady of Rwanda in Best Performing Girls in country (BPGs) in 2009 and 2011.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.