hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Student Success Act
The Student Success Act (H.R. 5) is a bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th Congress.  The bill deals with education policy and would alter parts of both the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act. The Student Success Act passed in a House vote of 221–207 on July 19, 2013.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Edel SE & Co. KGaA
Edel SE & Co. KGaA is a German independent media company based in Hamburg. As a label and publishing group, it also operates marketing and sales for artists and smaller music labels. The repertoire of the Edel labels includes dance, rock and pop music to classical music and a children's catalogue. In addition to the development and marketing of music, the group also deals with the production, logistics and distribution of CDs, DVDs, vinyl records, and books at the production site of the subsidiary optimal media GmbH in Röbel/Müritz as well as with services in the online and book business.

VEB Deutsche Schallplatten
The VEB Deutsche Schallplatten was the monopolistic music publisher in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from the 1950s until the 1980s.

The VEB Deutsche Schallplatten owned Amiga from 1954 to 1990.
Bob Spitz
Bob Spitz is an American journalist and author best known for biographies of major cultural figures, including Reagan: An American Journey, the New York Times bestsellers The Beatles: The Biography and Dearie: The Remarkable Life of Julia Child, as well as books about Bob Dylan and the Woodstock festival.

Articles by Spitz appear regularly in The New York Times Magazine, GQ, Conde Nast Traveler, Men's Journal, In Style, Esquire and The Washington Post.

In his early career he worked as a manager for Bruce Springsteen and Elton John, beginning at Wes Farrell's Pocket Full of Tunes, a music publishing and production company. When Mike Appel signed Bruce Springsteen, Spitz followed Appel.

Spitz lives in New York.

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
Skrzynki, Łęczyca County
Skrzynki [ˈskʂɨŋki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Daszyna, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Daszyna, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Łęczyca, and 47 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca
Łęczyca (pronounced [wɛnˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa]; in full the Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca; German: Lentschitza; Yiddish: לונטשיץ, romanized: Lintshits, Luntshits) is a town of 13,587 inhabitants in central Poland. Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the county seat of the Łęczyca County. Łęczyca is a capital of the historical Łęczyca Land.
Georgia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013
Georgia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "Waterfall" written by Thomas G:son and Erik Bernholm. The song was performed by Nodi Tatishvili and Sophie Gelovani, who were internally selected in December 2012 by the Georgian broadcaster Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) to compete at the 2013 contest in Malmö, Sweden. The Georgian entry, "Waterfall", was presented to the public on 27 February 2013.

Georgia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 16 May 2013. Performing during the show in position 15, "Waterfall" was announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 18 May. It was later revealed that Georgia placed tenth out of the 17 participating countries in the semi-final with 63 points. In the final, Georgia performed in position 25 and placed fifteenth out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 50 points.

First Channel (Georgian TV channel)
First Channel (Georgian: პირველი არხი, romanized: p'irveli arkhi), also called 1TV,  is a Georgian television channel owned and operated by Georgian Public Broadcaster, launched in 1954. This channel is received by 85% of the population of Georgia.
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 5 – Women's 3000 metres
The women's 3000 metres race of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 5, arranged in Eisstadion Inzell, in Inzell, Germany, was held on 8 March 2014.

Ireen Wüst of the Netherlands won, while Martina Sáblíková of the Czech Republic came second, and Yvonne Nauta of the Netherlands came third. Annouk van der Weijden of the Netherlands won the Division B race.

Yvonne Nauta
Yvonne Nauta (born 21 February 1991) is a former Dutch female speed skater who is specialised in long distances and was born in Uitwellingerga.

Nauta won three titles at the Junior World Championships (2 x team pursuit and 3000 meter). On 27 October 2013, she won the 5000 m title at the Dutch Distances Championships. Nauta participated in the 2014 European Championships and finished second behind compatriot Ireen Wüst. At the 2014 World Allround Speed Skating Championships in Heerenveen, she won the 5000 m and finished third in the final ranking.
Edmond Butler
Edmund or Edmond Butler (March 19, or September 19, 1827 – August 21, 1895) was a U.S. Army officer who served with the Union Army during the American Civil War and later became a prominent Indian fighter in the Northern Plains, Rocky Mountains and southwest United States in the post-Civil War era. In 1894, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for gallantry against the Sioux and Cheyenne at Battle of Wolf Mountain.

Battle of Beecher Island
The Battle of Beecher Island, also known as the Battle of Arikaree Fork, was an armed conflict between several of the Plains Native American tribes and Forsyth's Scouts, a company of selected civilian frontiersmen, recruited and commanded by Brevet-Colonel George Alexander Forsyth.  The battle occurred in late September 1868 with Forsyth and the scouts making a stand at Beecher Island, on the Arikaree River, then known as part of the North Fork of the Republican River, near present-day Wray, Colorado, named afterwards for Lieutenant Fredrick H. Beecher, Forsyth's executive officer killed during the battle.
2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4 – Women's 1000 metres
The women's 1000 metres race of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 4, arranged in the Thialf arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands, was held on 12 December 2015.

Brittany Bowe of the United States won the race, while compatriot Heather Richardson-Bergsma came second, and Marrit Leenstra of the Netherlands came third. Kaylin Irvine of Canada won the Division B race.

Thialf
Thialf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtijɑlf]) is an ice arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands. Thialf is used for long track speed skating, short track speed skating, ice hockey, figure skating, ice speedway, and non-sporting events. The outdoor rink was opened in 1967, and the indoor stadium was opened in 1986. Several world records have been set in the indoor stadium.

Annually, Thialf hosts two Speed Skating World Cup events. Jan de Jong was the ice rink master at Thialf for many years.
Three Summers
Three Summers is an Australian romantic comedy film, written and directed by Ben Elton. It was filmed and is set in Western Australia. Over three consecutive years, two musicians (played by Rebecca Breeds and Robert Sheehan) meet and fall in love at a music festival, described as "Australia in a tent" and a "national kaleidoscope". The film has a large ensemble cast including Magda Szubanski, Michael Caton, Deborah Mailman, Jacqueline McKenzie, and John Waters.

The film had its world premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival on 12 August 2017, and was released nationally in Australian cinemas on 2 November 2017.

Deborah Mailman
Deborah Jane Mailman AM (born 14 July 1972) is an Australian actress. Mailman is best known for her characters: MP Alexandra "Alex" Irving on the Australian political drama series Total Control, Kelly Lewis on the Australian drama series The Secret Life of Us, Cherie Butterfield in the Australian comedy-drama series Offspring, Lorraine in the Australian drama series Redfern Now, Poppy Birkbeck in the miniseries Boy Swallows Universe and Aunt Linda in the Australian dystopian science fiction series Cleverman.

Mailman was the first Indigenous Australian actress to win the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and has gone on to win seven more both in television and film. She first gained recognition in the 1998 film Radiance for which she won her first AFI award. Her other well known films are Rabbit-Proof Fence, Bran Nue Dae, Oddball, The Sapphires, Paper Planes, Blinky Bill the Movie, H Is for Happiness,  and The Book of Revelation.
Shooters (2001 film)
Shooters is a 2001 crime film directed by Dan Reed for Suspect Device Films. It stars Desmond Bayliss as "Dezzie", and is set in Liverpool and used local criminals as actors depicting the lives of local 'gangsters. It is most notable for having been completely unscripted apart from a brief outline; each scene was improvised and ad-libbed by the actors themselves.

Shooters was first broadcast in December 2000 on Channel 4 as part of its Cutting Edge series. The Liverpool-born musician John Murphy co-wrote the score.

The Plot follows local liverpool gangsters, most notably “big john” and “dezzy” as they navigate the local drug trade.

Family, financial and social aspects are all portrayed.

Ad libitum
In music and other performing arts, the phrase ad libitum (/æd ˈlɪbɪtəm/; Latin for 'at one's pleasure' or 'as you desire'), often shortened to "ad lib" (as an adjective or adverb) or "ad-lib" (as a verb or noun), refers to various forms of improvisation.

The roughly synonymous phrase a bene placito ('in accordance with [one's] good pleasure') is less common but, in its Italian form a piacere, has entered the musical lingua franca (see below).

The phrase "at liberty" is often associated mnemonically (because of the alliteration of the lib- syllable), although it is not the translation (there is no cognation between libitum and liber). Libido is the etymologically closer cognate known in English.

In biology and nutrition, the phrase is used to describe feeding without restriction.
Kamm's Corners
Kamm's Corners is a neighborhood on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio. It is bounded by the streetcar suburb of Lakewood to the north, the Rocky River Reservation of the Cleveland Metroparks and the suburbs of Rocky River and Fairview Park to the west, the New York Central Railroad tracks (now Amtrak) to the east, and Puritas Road to the south. Kamm's Corners Plaza and Warren Village are the major retail centers of the neighborhood. According to the 2019 U.S. census estimate, the neighborhood has the highest concentration of Irish Americans in Cleveland and Cuyahoga County.

Rocky River, Ohio
Rocky River is a city in western Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. A suburb of Cleveland, it is located along the shore of Lake Erie approximately 9 miles (14 km) west of downtown Cleveland. The city is named for the Rocky River that forms its eastern border. The population was 21,755 according to the 2020 census data results.
Frank O'Grady
Francis Phillip "Frank" O’Grady CBE (9 October 1900 – 6 May 1981) was a senior Australia public servant. He was Director-General of the Postmaster-General's Department from September 1961 until December 1965.

Department secretary
In Australia, a departmental secretary is the most senior public servant of an Australian Government or state government department. They are typically responsible for the day-to-day actions of a department.
Microsoft account
A Microsoft account or MSA (previously known as Microsoft Passport, .NET Passport, and Windows Live ID) is a single sign-on personal user account for Microsoft customers to log in to consumer Microsoft services (like Outlook.com), devices running on one of Microsoft's current operating systems (e.g. Microsoft Windows computers and tablets, Xbox consoles), and Microsoft application software (e.g. Microsoft Office, Microsoft Teams).

Login
In computer security, logging in (or logging on, signing in, or signing on) is the process by which an individual gains access to a computer system or program by identifying and authenticating themselves.

Typically, user credentials consist of a username and a password. These credentials themselves are sometimes referred to as a login. Modern secure systems often require a second factor, such as email or SMS confirmation for extra security. Social login allows a user to use an existing cell phone number or user credentials from another email or social networking service to sign in or create an account on a new website.

When access is no longer needed, the user can log out, log off, sign out or sign off.
George Hill (cricketer)
George Christopher Hindley Hill (born 24 January 2001) is an English cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 15 August 2020, for Yorkshire in the 2020 Bob Willis Trophy. Prior to his first-class debut, Hill was the vice-captain of England's squad at the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut on 30 August 2020, for Yorkshire in the 2020 t20 Blast. He made his List A debut on 22 July 2021, for Yorkshire in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup.

In April 2022, in the 2022 County Championship, Hill scored his maiden century in first-class cricket, with an unbeaten 151 against Northamptonshire.

He signed a new contract with Yorkshire in February 2025, tying him into the club until the end of the 2028 season.

In May 2025, Hill was named in the England Lions squad for a two-match series against India A.

England Lions cricket team
The England Lions (formerly England A) cricket team is England and Wales' "second-tier" team, below the full England cricket team. It is largely intended as a way for promising young cricketers to gain experience in international cricket.
Nam Ou
The Nam Ou (Laotian: ນ້ຳອູ [nâːm ùː], literally: "rice bowl river") is one of the most important rivers of Laos. It runs 448 km from Phongsaly Province to Luang Prabang Province. The river rises in Muang Ou Nua near the Lao-Chinese border, and traverses the northern Laos mountains and gorges until meeting the Mekong River in Ban Pak Ou. Along with the Mekong, the Nam Ou is the only natural channel suitable for large-draft boat transportation. The Nam Ou is one of the 12 principal tributaries of the Mekong River. The river has a total area of nearly 26,000 km2. Near its confluence with the Mekong are the Pak Ou Caves, famous for their Buddha statues. The river is also surrounded by limestone karts, forests, and valleys. The river supports Lao rice cultivation. The Nam Ou placed in the top 80th percentile for river health according to the Mekong River Commission's aquatic health index.

20°03′N 102°13′E﻿ / ﻿20.050°N 102.217°E﻿ / 20.050; 102.217

Pak Ou Caves
Near Pak Ou  (mouth of the Ou river) the Tham Ting (lower cave) and the Tham Theung (upper cave) are caves overlooking the Mekong River, 25 km to the north of Luang Prabang, Laos. They are a group of two caves on the west side of the Mekong river, about two hours upstream from the centre of Luang Prabang, and are frequently visited by tourists.

The caves are noted for their miniature Buddha sculptures. Hundreds of very small and mostly damaged wooden Buddhist figures are laid out over the wall shelves. They take many different positions, including meditation, teaching, walking, naga, peace, rain, and reclining (Nibbana).
Johnny Kan
Johnny Kan (1906–1972) was a Chinese American restaurateur in Chinatown, San Francisco, ca 1950–1970. He was the owner of Johnny Kan's restaurant, which opened in 1953, and published a book on Cantonese cuisine, Eight Immortal Flavors, which was praised by Craig Claiborne and James Beard. Kan and Cecilia Chiang (proprietor of the Mandarin in Ghirardelli Square) are credited with popularizing authentic Chinese cuisine as a fine dining option, displacing the stereotypical chop suey American Chinese cuisine prevalent in the 1950s and 60s.

Chop suey
Chop suey  (usually pronounced /ˈtʃɒpˈsuːi/) is a dish from overseas Chinese cuisine, generally consisting of meat (usually chicken, pork, beef, shrimp or fish) and eggs, cooked quickly with vegetables such as bean sprouts, cabbage, and celery, and bound in a starch-thickened sauce. It is typically served with rice, but can become the Chinese-American form of chow mein with the substitution of stir-fried noodles for rice.

Chop suey has become a prominent part of American Chinese cuisine, British Chinese cuisine, Cambodian Chinese cuisine, Canadian Chinese cuisine, Thai Chinese cuisine, Indian Chinese cuisine, and Polynesian cuisine. In Chinese Indonesian cuisine it is known as cap cai (tjap tjoi) (雜菜, "mixed vegetables") and mainly consists of vegetables.
Sumburgh Head
Sumburgh Head is a headland located at the southern tip of the main island of the Shetland Archipelago, in northern Scotland. The head consists of a 100 m high rocky spur and topped by the Sumburgh Head Lighthouse. In the Old Norse language, Sumburgh Head was called Dunrøstar høfdi, it means "The Head onto the loud tide-race", referring to the noise of Sumburgh Roost. Robert Stevenson was the engineer in charge of building the Sumburgh Head lighthouse. Work started on the building in 1819, and the light was first lit in 1821.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
Werner Georg Haverbeck
Werner Georg Haverbeck (28 October 1909 – 18 October 1999) was a German historian and folklorist from Bonn. During World War II he was a member of the Nazi Party, serving in the Sturmabteilung, and reaching the rank of Untersturmführer. He had been a leader of the Nazi Party's German Labour Front and a direct subordinate of Rudolf Heß. He was the founder and director in 1933 of the German Imperial Federation of Nation and Homeland [de], as well as a parson of The Christian Community.

Untersturmführer
Untersturmführer (German: [ˈʊntɐʃtʊʁmˌfyːʁɐ], lit. 'Junior storm leader'; short: Ustuf) was a paramilitary rank of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) first created in July 1934. The rank can trace its origins to the older SA rank of Sturmführer, which had existed since the founding of the SA in 1921. The rank of Untersturmführer was senior to Hauptscharführer (or Sturmscharführer in the Waffen-SS) and junior to the rank of Obersturmführer.
Texas State Highway 125
State Highway 125 (SH 125) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The 28-mile (45 km) highway begins at the New Mexico state line southwest of Bledsoe, and passes through Bledsoe where it turns east intersecting  SH 214 before terminating at  SH 114. The highway is located entirely within Cochran County, and is numerically continuous with New Mexico State Road 125 which it meets at the state line and connects the highway to Tatum, NM. The highway has brief concurrencies with SH 214 in Lehman and Farm to Market Road 1780 in Whiteface.

The highway's numerical designation was previously assigned to a roadway in southeast Texas during the 1920s and 1930s. The current highway was designated in 1990 over a portion of  FM 769, but FM 769 had been unofficially signed as SH 125 since the 1950s. The connection New Mexico Highway was NM 294.

Texas Department of Transportation
The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT /ˈtɛks.dɒt/) is a Texas state government agency responsible for construction and maintenance of the state's immense state highway system and the support of the state's maritime, aviation, rail, and public transportation systems. TxDOT previously administered vehicle registration prior to the creation of the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles in November 2009.

The agency has been headquartered in the Dewitt C. Greer Building in Austin since 1933.
Barrie Bates
Barrie Bates (born 17 October 1969) is a Welsh former professional darts player who competed in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. His original nickname was Batesy, but since 2007 he was known as Champagne.

Darts
Darts is a competitive sport in which two or more players bare-handedly throw small sharp-pointed projectiles known as darts at a round target known as a dartboard.

Points can be scored by hitting specific marked areas of the board, though unlike in sports such as archery, these areas are distributed all across the board and do not follow a principle of points increasing toward the board's bullseye. Though a number of similar games using various boards and rules exist, the term "darts" usually now refers to a standardised game involving a specific board design and set of rules.

Darts is both a professional throwing sport and a traditional pub game.  Darts is commonly played in the British Isles, and recreationally loved around the world.
Arghavan Khosravi
Arghavan Khosravi (Persian: ارغوان خسروی; born 1984) is an Iranian-born American visual artist, and illustrator. She is known for her three dimensional paintings with works that cross between the traditions of European Renaissance and Persian miniature; with themes of freedom, exile, and empowerment. Khosravi lives in Stamford, Connecticut, and previously lived in Natick, Massachusetts.

Currier Museum of Art
The Currier Museum of Art is an art museum in Manchester, New Hampshire, in the United States. It features European and American paintings, decorative arts, photographs and sculpture. The permanent collection includes works by Picasso, Matisse, Monet, O'Keeffe, Calder, Scheier and Goldsmith, John Singer Sargent, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Andrew Wyeth. Public programs include tours, live classical music and "Family Days" which include activities for all ages.

The museum maintains two house museums, the Zimmerman House and the Toufic H. Kalil House, both designed by notable architect Frank Lloyd Wright.