hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4th Division (Japan)
The 4th Division (第4師団) is one of nine active divisions of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. The division is subordinated to the Western Army and is headquartered in Kasuga, Fukuoka. Its responsibility is the defense of the Fukuoka, Nagasaki, Ōita and Saga prefectures.

The division was established on 15 August 1962.

Kasuga, Fukuoka
Kasuga (春日市, Kasuga-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.sɯ.ɡa, -ŋa, ka.sɯ.ɡaꜜ.ɕi, -ŋaꜜ-]) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2024, the city had an estimated population of 111,840 in 50874 households, and a  population density of 260 persons per km². The total area of the city is 14.145 km2 (5.461 sq mi).
Frederick Lund
Frederick William Lund (8 December 1874 – 4 July 1965) was a British businessman and one of the proprietors of Messrs. W. Lund and Sons, owners of the Blue Anchor Line shipping company.

Their steamer, Waratah, disappeared without a trace between Durban and Cape Town in July 1909, while making her second voyage from Australia to the United Kingdom. Frederick Lund gave evidence to an inquiry into the disappearance at London in December 1910.

SS Waratah
SS Waratah was a passenger and cargo steamship built in 1908 for the Blue Anchor Line to operate between Europe and Australia. In July 1909, on only her second voyage, the ship, en route from Durban to Cape Town along the coast of what is present-day South Africa, disappeared with 211 passengers and crew aboard. No trace of her has ever been found, and her fate remains a mystery.
Jury Nullification (book)
Jury Nullification: The Evolution of a Doctrine, by Clay Conrad, is one of the major book-length treatments of jury nullification. The Federal Lawyer noted, "Conrad provides...a comprehensive overview of jury nullification in historical, substantive, policy, and practical terms." The Cato Institute refers to the book as an "eye-opening history" of jury independence, the relevant laws, and the implications of jury nullification. The book surveys the history of jury nullification, describing how it has changed with cases such as Sparf v. United States and with the advent of death-qualified juries. It ends with a chapter of advice for those pursuing a nullification-based defense.

Federal Bar Association
The Federal Bar Association (FBA) is the primary voluntary professional organization for private and government lawyers and judges practicing and sitting in federal courts in the United States. Four times a year, the FBA prints The Federal Lawyer, which includes the latest news of interest to the federal legal community. The magazine features articles by attorneys and judges, book reviews, the latest Supreme Court rulings, judicial profiles, and thorough coverage of FBA activities.
Georgian shemaya
The Georgian shemaya (Alburnus derjugini)  is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. It is found in eastern Black Sea tributaries, from south of the Caucasus in Russia and Georgia, south to the Çoruh River in eastern Anatolia, Turkey and west to the Sakarya River.

The species name commemorates the collector Konstantin Deryugin.

Çoruh
The Chorokh (Georgian: ჭოროხი Ch'orokhi [t͡ʃʼo̞ɾo̞χi], Turkish: Çoruh, Armenian: Ճորոխ Chorokh, Azerbaijani: Çorox, Greek: Άκαμψις, Akampsis) is a river that rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, İspir, Yusufeli, and Artvin, along the Kelkit-Çoruh Fault, before flowing into Georgia, where it reaches the Black Sea just south of Batumi and a few kilometers north of the Turkey-Georgia border.

In Arrian's Periplus Ponti Euxini, it is called the Acampsis (Greek: Άκαμψις); Pliny may have confused it with the Bathys. Procopius writes that it was called Acampsis because it was impossible to force a way through it after it has entered the sea, since it discharges its stream with such force and swiftness, causing a great disturbance of the water before it, that it goes out for a very great distance into the sea and makes it impossible to coast along at that point.

In English, it was formerly known as the Boas, the Churuk, or the Chorokh.
J. E. Franklin
J. E. Franklin (born August 10, 1937), who publishes under the name J. e. Franklin, is an American playwright, best known for her play Black Girl, which was broadcast on public television in 1969, staged Off-Broadway in 1971, and made into a feature film, Black Girl (1972 film). She has written and adapted plays for television, theater, and film.

Skidmore College
Skidmore College is a private liberal arts college in Saratoga Springs, New York. Approximately 2,700 students are enrolled at Skidmore pursuing a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree in one of more than 60 areas of study.

The college originated from a women's industrial club that was founded by Lucy Skidmore Scribner in 1903 and chartered as a school in 1911. In 1922 it grew into Skidmore College, a baccalaureate-degree-granting institution. In the late 1960s, the college moved from downtown Saratoga Springs to a newly constructed campus on the city's northern border. After a half-century as a women's college, Skidmore became coeducational in 1971.
KTPI (AM)
KTPI (1340 AM, "News Talk 1340 KTPI") is a commercial radio station that is licensed to Mojave, California, United States and serves the Antelope Valley area. The station is owned by RZ Radio LLC and airs a news/talk format. KTPI is the radio home of the Lancaster JetHawks, a Minor League Baseball team in the California League.

KTPI has a website under construction as of July, 2019; it is identified as "Magic 1340", indicating a format change is in the works.

Lancaster JetHawks
The Lancaster JetHawks were a baseball team located in Lancaster, California. They were named for the city's association with the aerospace industry and played their home games at The Hangar. From 1996 to 2020, they were members of Minor League Baseball's California League, a Class A-Advanced league affiliated with Major League Baseball (MLB). With MLB's reorganization of the minor leagues after the 2020 season, Lancaster was not selected to continue in affiliated baseball, and ultimately folded.
1995 European Junior Canoe Slalom Championships
The 1995 European Junior Canoe Slalom Championships  were the inaugural edition of the European Junior Canoe Slalom Championships. The event took place in Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia from 13 to 16 July 1995 under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA) at the Ondrej Cibak Whitewater Slalom Course. A total of 8 medal events took place.

European Canoe Association
The European Canoe Association (ECA) is the umbrella organization for canoeing sport in Europe. It was founded in Rome, Italy, on December 11, 1993. The organization has 45 member countries. The association was recognized by the International Canoe Federation at the ICF congress in Acapulco in 1994.

In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the ECA suspended the participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes, and suspended all officials from Russia and Belarus from officiating at any ECA event and attending or taking part in any ECA meetings. In May 2023, the International Canoe Federation reinstated Russian and Belarusian athletes, shortly after a Russian missile attack forced cancellation of a canoe event in Ukraine.
Koslowski
Koslowski is a surname. It is a variant of Kozłowski. Notable people with the surname include:

Álvaro Koslowski (born 1971), Brazilian sprint canoer

Dennis Koslowski (born 1959), American Olympic wrestler

Duane Koslowski (1959–2025), American Olympic wrestler, twin brother of Dennis

George Bernard "Dave" Koslowski (1920–1975), American baseball player

Peter Koslowski (1952–2012), German professor of philosophy

Willi Koslowski (1937–2024), German football player

Duane Koslowski
Duane Koslowski (August 16, 1959 – February 2, 2025) was an American wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 130 kg at the 1988 Summer Olympics. His twin brother, Dennis Koslowski, wrestled with him at Minnesota-Morris and was a two-time Olympic medalist in Greco-Roman wrestling. Duane Koslowski died on February 2, 2025, at the age of 65.
Jane Weinberger
Rebecca Jane Weinberger (née Dalton; March 29, 1918 – July 12, 2009) was an American author, publisher and wife of Caspar Weinberger, the 15th United States Secretary of Defense. She wrote over a dozen books during her career, many written for children and young adults.

Jackson Laboratory
The Jackson Laboratory (often abbreviated as JAX) is an independent, non-profit biomedical research institution which was founded by Clarence Cook Little in 1929. It employs over 3,000 employees in Bar Harbor, Maine; Sacramento, California; Farmington, Connecticut; Shanghai, China; and Yokohama, Japan. The institution is a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center and has NIH Centers of Excellence in aging and systems genetics. The stated mission of The Jackson Laboratory is "to discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating and curing human diseases, and to enable research and education for the global biomedical community."

The laboratory also provides more than 13,000 strains of mouse models to more than 2,400 organizations in 68 countries around the world. Additionally, JAX is the home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database, and an international hub for scientific courses, conferences, training and education.
William Wiik Larsen
William Wiik Larsen, also known as Will IDAP and Nasty kutt is a Norwegian Grammy-nominated record producer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist based out of Los Angeles, California. He has crafted several global and US hits. Notable records include "Am I Wrong" for Nico & Vinz,"H.O.L.Y." for Florida Georgia Line, "Play That Song" for Train, "That's Not True" for Skip Marley, "Gatekeeper" for Jessie Reyez, "Darkside" for Alan Walker and "Stay" for Kygo.

International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland. It operates a secretariat based in London, with regional offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi.
Ratassepp
Ratassepp is an Estonian occupational surname: the word "ratassepp" literally means "wheelwright". Notable people with the surname include:

Elsa Ratassepp (1893–1972), Estonian actress

Hugo Ratassepp (1907–1930), Estonian politician

Ursula Ratasepp (born 1982), Estonian actress

Hugo Ratassepp
Hugo Ratassepp (15 February 1907 Härjanurme Parish, Tartu County – 15 March 1930 Taagepera) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of IV Riigikogu. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 9 July 1929. He replaced Johan Jans. After his death, he was replaced by August Liivak.
Ukrainian interbrigade company Taras Shevchenko
The Ukrainian interbrigade company Taras Shevchenko (in Ukrainian Українська рота інтербригад імені Тараса Шевченка) was a Ukrainian formation, which participated in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side. It was composed of the Ukrainian citizens of Poland (inhabitants of Galicia and Volhynia), who were members of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine.

Volhynia
Volhynia or Volynia (/voʊˈlɪniə/ voh-LIN-ee-ə; see #Names and etymology) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in Ukraine it is roughly equivalent to Volyn Oblast, Rivne Oblast, and the northern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Ternopil Oblast. The territory that still carries the name is Volyn Oblast.

Volhynia has changed hands numerous times throughout history and been divided among competing powers. For centuries it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Russian annexation during the Partitions of Poland, all of Volhynia was made part of the Pale of Settlement on the southwestern border of the Russian Empire. Important cities include Rivne, Lutsk, Zviahel, and Volodymyr.
SOKO Donau
SOKO Donau (in Germany SOKO Wien) is an Austrian crime drama television series produced by ORF in collaboration with the German network ZDF. It is the sixth spin-off of the German crime series SOKO 5113 (SOKO München since 2015), launched in 1978. The show, which debuted on 20 September 2005 in Austria and 18 October 2005 in Germany, focuses on a Viennese police team responsible for investigating crimes committed on the Danube (German: Donau) river and its tributaries. The boat team operates in and around Vienna as well as Lower and Upper Austria, sometimes travelling all the way to Bratislava.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Jan Tarło (1684–1750)
Jan Tarło (1684–1750) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic)

Jan became Colonel of the Crown Army and Podstoli of Crown in 1715, Lieutenant-General of the Crown Army in 1717, voivode of Lublin Voivodeship in 1719, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodeship in 1736. Marshal of the Crown Tribunal and member of the Sejm. He was starost of Medyka, Sokal, Jasło and Grabowiec. Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1736. He was the first husband of the much younger, Zofia Krasińska. In his will, he left her the town of Opole.

Podstoli
Deputy pantler (Lithuanian: pastalininkis, Polish: podstoli) was a court office in Poland and Lithuania. They were the deputy of a pantler, and was responsible for the King's and Grand Duke's pantry.

From the 14th century, this was an honorary court title and a district office in Crown of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and later in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Podstoli wielki koronny - Crown Great Deputy Master of the Pantry

Podstoli wielki litewski - Lithuanian Great Deputy Master of the Pantry

Podstoli koronny - Crown Deputy Master of the Pantry

Podstoli litewski - Lithuanian Deputy Master of the Pantry

Podstoli nadworny koronny - Crown Deputy Court Master of the Pantry

Podstoli nadworny litewski - Lithuanian Deputy Court Master of the Pantry

Podstoli ziemski - District Master of the Pantry
Suicide in the United Kingdom
In 2023, there were 7,055 deaths in the UK officially registered as suicide, equating to an average of 19 suicides a day. 6,069 of these registered suicides were in England and Wales, marking the highest suicide rate in England and Wales since 1999. In Scotland there were 792 probable suicides in 2023, an increase of 30 suicides on the year prior in Scotland. In Northern Ireland there were 221 suicide deaths registered in 2023. Suicide is the biggest killer of men under the age of 50 in the UK.

Governmental and other organisations have created different initiatives to attempt to prevent suicides in the country, including the establishment of a new post, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Mental Health, Inequalities and Suicide Prevention).

Parliamentary under-secretary of state
The parliamentary under-secretary of state (historically under-secretary of state or just parliamentary secretary, particularly in departments not led by a secretary of state) is the lowest of three tiers of government minister in the UK government, immediately junior to a minister of state, which is itself junior to a secretary of state.
Arthur R. Gottschalk
Arthur R. Gottschalk (February 15, 1925 – June 17, 2020) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician.

Gottschalk was born in Chicago, Illinois. He served in the United States Army during World War II. He went to Shrivenham American University in England while stationed in the United States Army. He graduated from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and was admitted to the Illinois bar. Gottschalk practiced law in Chicago. He also served as vice president and attorney for the Reuben H. Donnelly Corporation. Gottschalk served as a police magistrate for Park Forest, Illinois and on the Park Forest Police and Fire Commission. Gottschalk served in the Illinois Senate from 1960 until 1969 and was a Republican. He also served as President of the Illinois Manufacturers Association. Gottschalk died at his home in Frankfort, Illinois.

Frankfort, Illinois
Frankfort is a village in Will County and Cook County in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is a suburb of Chicago, about 28 miles (45 km) southwest of the city. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,296.

Frankfort's historic downtown area contains the Frankfort Grainery, Breidert Green, and part of the Old Plank Road Trail, a 22-mile-long paved recreation trail. The village also contains Commissioners Park and multiple schools, including Lincoln-Way East High School, Hickory Creek Middle School, and Dr. Julian Rogus School.
Bright Examples
Bright Examples is the fifth studio album by husband and wife duo Sarah Lee Guthrie & Johnny Irion. Their previous album Go Waggaloo was recorded for children, so Bright Examples is their first release in the folk and Americana genre. The collaborative project features producers Andy Cabic (lead singer-songwriter in the band Vetiver) and Thom Monahan (Devendra Banhart, Vetiver).

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.
Michael H. Carty
Michael H. Carty (1860 – April 1, 1900) was an Irish-born lawyer and politician in Newfoundland. He served in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1882 to 1893 and from 1893 to 1900.

He was born and raised in County Sligo. Carty came to Newfoundland with his family in 1873. He was called to the bar in 1881 and opened his own law office, later practising in partnership with his brother George T. Carty. He was first elected to the assembly in 1882 to represent St. George's; he was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1893 but then was reelected in a by-election later that year. He was elected for Placentia and St. Mary's in 1897. He was named to the Executive Council as a minister without portfolio that same year. In 1898, he was named Queen's Counsel. Carty died in office in 1900.

The community of Cartyville took its name from him.

Minister without portfolio
A minister without portfolio is a government minister without specific responsibility as head of a government department. The sinecure is particularly common in countries ruled by coalition governments and a cabinet with decision-making authority wherein ministers without portfolio, while they may not head any particular offices or ministries, may still receive a ministerial salary and have the right to cast a vote in cabinet decisions. The office may also exist to be given to party leaders whose offices (such as a parliamentary leader) would not otherwise enable them to sit in Cabinet.
Trapeang Phong
The Trapeang Phong temple (Khmer: ប្រាសាទត្រពាំងផុង) is an early Hindu temple that was built by King Jayavarman III in the middle of the 9th century. The temple, is made of a singular brick, is 7x7 meters in size and 16 meters in height.

In 2024, Cambodia’s APSARA National Authority archelogists have started to restore parts of the temple that has been damaged under the impacts of weather conditions. The Trapeang Phong temple is among the historic temples located within Angkor Archaeological Park, which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.

APSARA
The Authority for the Protection of the Site and Management of the Region of Angkor, also called APSARA or the APSARA National Authority, is a Cambodian management authority responsible for protecting the Angkor Archaeological Park. Founded in 1995, it is in charge of the research, protection, and conservation as well as the urban and tourist development of the park. It is headquartered in Siem Reap. It consisted of eight departments and more than 3000 personnel.

APSARA National Authority is a Public Administration Organization under technical supervision of the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts and under financial supervision of the Ministry of Economy and Finance.
William McIntyre (judge)
William Rogers McIntyre, CC (March 15, 1918 – June 14, 2009) was a Canadian Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.

Born in Lachine, Quebec, the son of Charles Sidney McIntyre and Pauline May Sifton, he moved with his family to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan when he was young. In 1939, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Saskatchewan. After serving during World War II, he received his Bachelor of Laws in 1946 from University of Saskatchewan.

In 1947, he was called to the Bars of Saskatchewan and British Columbia and practised law in Victoria, British Columbia.

In 1967, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of British Columbia and elevated to the British Columbia Court of Appeal in 1973. In 1979, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada and retired in 1989. In 1991, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.

Puisne judge
Puisne judge and puisne justice (/ˈpjuːni/) are terms for an ordinary judge or a judge of lesser rank of a particular court.  The term comes from a combination of the two French words, puis (since, later) and né (born) which have been combined as French: puisné or puîné; meaning "junior".
Global nomad
A global nomad is a person who is living a mobile and international lifestyle. Global nomads aim to live location-independently, seeking detachment from particular geographical locations and the idea of territorial belonging.

Geopositioning
Geopositioning is the process of determining or estimating the geographic position of an object or a person.
Geopositioning yields a set of geographic coordinates (such as latitude and longitude) in a given map datum. Geographic positions may also be expressed indirectly, as a distance in linear referencing or as a bearing and range from a known landmark.
The resulting geoposition is sometimes referred to as geolocation, and the process of geopositioning may also be described as geo-localization.
In turn, positions can be used to determine a more easily understandable location, such as a street address (see reverse geocoding).

Specific instances include:

animal geotracking, the process of inferring the location of animals over time;

positioning system, the mechanisms for the determination of geographic positions in general;

internet geolocation, geolocating a device connected to the internet;

and mobile phone tracking.