hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cold-stimulus headache
A cold-stimulus headache, colloquially known as an ice-cream headache or brain freeze, is a form of brief pain or headache, commonly associated with consumption (particularly quick consumption) of cold beverages or foods such as ice cream, popsicles, slushies, and snow cones. It is caused by a cold substance touching the roof of the mouth, and is believed to result from a nerve response causing rapid constriction and swelling of blood vessels, "referring" pain from the roof of the mouth to the head. The rate of intake for cold foods has been studied as a contributing factor. It can also occur during a sudden exposure of the unprotected head to low temperatures, such as by diving into cold water. A cold-stimulus headache is distinct from dentin hypersensitivity, a type of dental pain that can occur under similar circumstances.

Cats and other animals have been observed exhibiting a similar reaction when presented with a similar stimulus.

Slushy
A slushy (also spelled slushie and less commonly slushee) is a type of beverage made of flavored ice and a drink, similar to granitas but with a more liquid composition. It is also commonly called a slush, slurpee, frozen beverage, or frozen drink. A slushie can either be carbonated or non-carbonated; the carbonated version is sometimes called a frozen carbonated drink or frozen carbonated beverage.
Mao Nakamura
Mao Nakamura (/ˈmɑːoʊˌnɑːkəˈmʊərə/ MAH-oh-NAH-kuh-MOOR-uh; 中村 真緒 (Nakamura Mao); born March 2, 2000) is a Japanese professional rock climber. She competes in international competition climbing, including the IFSC Climbing World Cup, Asian Championships, and youth-level IFSC events. Representing Japan, Nakamura specializes in bouldering and lead climbing, and is a member of the Japanese national climbing team.. She rose to international attention with strong performances on the World Cup circuit, notably placing 1st in bouldering at the 2025 IFSC World Cup in Salt Lake City, her career-best senior result to date. Nakamura has also earned podiums in youth competitions, including multiple gold medals at the Asian Youth Championships and finalist placements at the IFSC Youth World Championships.

IFSC Climbing Asian Championships
The IFSC Climbing Asian Championships or Asian Sport Climbing Championships are annual Asian championships for competition climbing organized by the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC). Until 2006, it was called UIAA Asian Championships. Then, from 2007 onwards, it was called IFSC Asian Championships. In 2001, the first Bouldering Championship was held separately (from lead and speed competitions) from 19 to 20 December 2001 in Yung Ho, Taiwan. In 2018, at the Asian Championships in Kurayoshi, Japan, a combined format was introduced.
Dervenochoria
Dervenochoria (Greek: Δερβενοχώρια) is a former municipality in Boeotia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tanagra, of which it is a municipal unit. In 2021 its population was 1,826. The municipal unit has an area of 222.938 km2. It covers the southernmost portion of Boeotia. The main village is Pyli.

Boeotia
Boeotia (/biˈoʊʃ(i)ə/ bee-OH-sh(ee-)ə; Greek: Βοιωτία, pronounced [vi.oˈti.a]; Ancient Greek: Βοιωτῐ́ᾱ, romanized: Boiōtĭ́ā) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Central Greece. Its capital is Livadeia, and its largest city is Thebes.

Boeotia was also a region of ancient Greece, from before the 6th century BC.
2019 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament
The 2019 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament was held from May 22 through 26.  The top six regular season finishers of the league's ten teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Sprenger Stadium in Avon, Ohio.  The winner of the tournament, Central Michigan, earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Central Michigan Chippewas baseball
The Central Michigan Chippewas baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States. The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference West division, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. Central Michigan's first baseball team was fielded in 1896. The team plays its home games at Theunissen Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. On June 27, 2023, CMU alum Jake Sabol was named the Chippewas' head coach. On May 1, 2021, Jordan Patty pitched the first perfect game in CMU history.
Malout Assembly constituency
Malout is one of the 117 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Punjab state in India.
It is part of Sri Muktsar Sahib district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes since 1977. There have been calls from some local leaders and residents to review the reservation status, citing that it has remained reserved for a considerably very long period.

Punjab Legislative Assembly
The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India. The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members, directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies.  The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The Speaker of the sixteenth assembly is Kultar Singh Sandhwan. The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961 is the Vidhan Bhavan in Chandigarh.
Inga Alsiņa
Inga Alsiņa (born 18 September 1979) is a Latvian actress.

She was born and raised in Cēsis and studied in the Cēsis Secondary school No.1 from 1985 until 1996. She also attended Valmiera Art college from 1993 until 1995.
In 1998 she started studies at the University of Latvia in department of Geography and Earth science however she left in 2000.
In 2003 she graduated Theatre department of Latvian Academy of Culture.
She is married with Kalvis Lasmanis, who is a businessman.

She has worked in the Valmiera Theatre since 2001. From 2004 until 2017 she worked in the New Riga Theatre. She has also taken part in several films.

In 2004 Inga received Lielais Kristaps award as best new actress of the year. She again received the prize in 2014 as a best actress of the year for her role in the Izlaiduma gads.

Latvian Academy of Culture
The Latvian Academy of Culture (Latvian: Latvijas Kultūras akadēmija) is a higher education establishment in Latvia offering various bachelor's, magister and doctoral degree programmes on cultural subjects. The academy was founded in 1990 and is located in the Latgale Suburb of Riga.
City Youth League
The City Youth League, later known as the African Youth League, is a defunct organization that participated in nonviolent resistance against the government in Rhodesia from its founding in August 1955 until it merged with the old SRANC on September 12, 1957, becoming the new Southern Rhodesia African National Congress.

The CYL was founded by James Chikerema, Dunduzu Chisiza, George Nyandoro, and Edson Sithole.

Chikerema served as President and Nyandoro as Vice President.

James Chikerema
James Robert Dambaza Chikerema (2 April 1925 – 22 March 2006) served as the President of the Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe. He changed his views on militant struggle in the late 1970s and supported the 'internal settlement', serving in the attempted power-sharing governments.
Château de Chambly (Oise)
The Château de Chambly is a historic château on rue d'Amblaincourt that is located in the commune of Chambly, in the French department of Oise in the Hauts-de-France region. Part of the park extends over the commune of Ronquerolles, in the Val-d'Oise department.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Endometrial stromal nodule
An endometrial stromal nodule is a noninfiltrative, circumscribed proliferation of endometrial stromal cells and is a benign subtype of endometrial stromal tumor. The appearance of the cells is identical to normal endometrial stromal cells. This can only be differentiated from low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma by confirming lack of infiltration.

The differential includes cellular leiomyoma. Diagnosis may be aided by immunostaining; endometrial stromal nodules are positive for CD10; leiomyomas are positive for caldesmon and desmin (and sometimes CD10).

Desmin
Desmin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DES gene. Desmin is a muscle-specific, type III intermediate filament that integrates the sarcolemma, Z disk, and nuclear membrane in sarcomeres and regulates sarcomere architecture.
Élver James Melchor Bañol
Élver James Melchor Bañol (born 1976) is a Colombian rapist and serial killer. He was convicted of 7 rapes and 4 murders, one of them being that of Rosmery Castellón, a minor.

Nicknamed The Predator of Picaleña, he was compared to the infamous Luis Garavito for the way he acted and approached his victims, all of whom were underage children. Melchor Bañol was initially sentenced to 40 years' imprisonment for three unrelated crimes, but after his last murder, he was given 60 years' imprisonment, the highest-available sentence in Colombian law.

Picaleña (Ibagué)
Picaleña is an area of the city of Ibagué, Colombia, about 10 kilometres from the city centre where the Tolima Museum of the Plastic Arts (Museo de Artes Plasticas del Tolima) is located. It is one of the largest residential areas of the city.
Zhengdian (book)
The Zhengdian (Chinese: 政典; Wade–Giles: Chengtien; lit. 'Political Institutions') was a 35-volume Chinese political treatise in historical form which was written approximately in 742 by Liu Zhi, son of esteemed historical critic Liu Zhiji. The book did not survive, but it was further expanded and borrowed by Du You in his Tongdian.

Treatise
A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subjects concerned with investigating or exposing the main principles of the subject and its conclusions. A monograph is a treatise on a specialized topic.
Content farm
A content farm or content mill is an organization focused on generating a large amount of web content, often specifically designed to satisfy algorithms for maximal retrieval by search engines, a practice known as search engine optimization (SEO). Such organizations often employ freelance creators or use artificial intelligence (AI) tools, with the goal of generating large amounts of content in the shortest time and for the lowest cost. The primary goal is to attract as many page views as possible, and thus generate more advertising revenue. The emergence of these media outlets is often tied to the demand for "true market demand" content based on search engine queries. Content farms have been criticized for their reliance on sensationalism, misinformation, and, following the 2020s AI boom, a reliance on generative artificial intelligence, all of which have contributed to the degradation of the accuracy of information in circulation.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Coal Bowl
The Coal Bowl is an American college football game between Pennsylvania Western University California and Indiana University of Pennsylvania. The two universities, both members of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education and the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC). The two universities first competed in 1918. The name was added to the rivalry in 2009. The winner will earn the Coal Miners Pail Trophy, sponsored by the Pennsylvania Coal Association.

The trophy was established by brothers Barry "Buck" and Bob Lippencott. Buck played football at Indiana (IUP) and Bob played at California, competing against each other in 1963 and 1964. The brothers made a donation to their universities to establish an athletic scholarship. In addition, proceeds from sponsorship of the Pennsylvania Coal Association will be split between the two schools.

PennWest California
Pennsylvania Western University – California (abbreviated as PennWest California) is a campus of Pennsylvania Western University in California, Pennsylvania, United States. The campus had an enrollment of 2,717 as of fall 2024.

Founded in 1852 and merged into Pennsylvania Western University in 2021, the university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The school was California University of Pennsylvania from 1983 to 2022, before the merger.
YouTube Theme Song 2
"YouTube Theme Song 2" (Japanese: ユーチューブテーマソング ツー, Hepburn: Yūchūbu Tēma Songu Tsū) is a song by Japanese musical duo Hikakin & Seikin. It was released by Uuum Records on August 14, 2025, as their eighth digital-only single. This song is a remake of the 2015 single "YouTube Theme Song."

Uuum
Uuum Co., Ltd. (UUUM株式会社, Ūmu kabushiki gaisha; stylized in all caps) is a Japanese multi-channel network and YouTuber-related label company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

As of April 2020, there are over 10,000 YouTube channels belonging to Uuum, including HIKAKIN, Hajime Syacho, Tokai On Air, Fischer's, Banbanzai, Yuka Kinoshita, and Mizutamari Bond.
Go (Kaneshiro novel)
GO is a novel written by Kazuki Kaneshiro and published in 2000 by Kodansha. GO received a Naoki Prize, an award of high praise in Japan.   A film adaptation was released in 2001 that won numerous awards in Japan.  An English translation by Takami Nieda was released by AmazonCrossing in 2018.

The story's protagonist is Sugihara, who is a zainichi chosenjin (North Korean nationals in Japan), who falls in love with a Japanese girl. The story revolves around Korean/Chinese racism in Japan with Sugihara changing his Korean name from Lee and moving to a Japanese school from a Japanese Korean school.

Amazon Publishing
Amazon Publishing (or simply APub) is Amazon's book publishing unit launched in 2009. It is composed of 15 imprints including AmazonEncore, AmazonCrossing, Montlake Romance, Thomas & Mercer, 47North, and Topple Books.

Amazon publishes e-books via its Kindle Direct Publishing subsidiary.
Field-Map
Field-Map is a proprietary integrated tool designed for programmatic field data collection from IFER – Monitoring and Mapping Solutions, Ltd.

It is mainly used for the allocation of forest ecosystems and data collection during field analysis. This application is able to work with relational databases, and provides seamless communication with external devices such as GPS, laser rangefinders and for national forest inventories in Ireland, Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Belgium, Slovakia, Hungary and Russia

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
2019 FIBA U20 Women's European Championship
The 2019 FIBA U20 Women's European Championship was the 18th edition of the Women's European basketball championship for national under-20 teams. Held from 3 to 11 August in Klatovy, Czech Republic, 16 teams participated in the tournament.

Klatovy
Klatovy (Czech pronunciation: [ˈklatovɪ]; German: Klattau) is a town in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Half-Fare Hare
Half-Fare Hare is a 1956 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on August 18, 1956, and stars Bugs Bunny.

In the short, Bugs boards the Chattanooga Choo Choo and finds two hoboes who look and act like Ralph Kramden and Ed Norton from The Honeymooners TV show, who want to eat Bugs after being hungry for days.

Robert McKimson
Robert Porter McKimson Sr. (October 13, 1910 – September 29, 1977) was an American animator and illustrator, best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. Cartoons and later DePatie–Freleng Enterprises. He wrote and directed many animated cartoon shorts starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Foghorn Leghorn, Hippety Hopper, Speedy Gonzales, and the Tasmanian Devil, among other characters. He also developed Bugs Bunny's design in the 1943 short Tortoise Wins by a Hare.
Treaty of Paris (1718)
The Treaty of Paris was a treaty signed in Paris on January 21, 1718, between the Regent of the Kingdom of France, Philip of Orléans, and his brother-in-law, the Duke of Lorraine and Bar, Leopold I. The treaty transferred ownership of lands and municipalities in Grand Est and Saarland.

Under Article 2, Leopold ceded the five villages Ensdorf, Beaumarais, Fraulautern, Lisdorf, and Roden and the city of Wallerfangen in the district of Saarland to France.

Under Article 3, Philip of Orléans appointed Leopold as the Prévôt of Longwy while affirming control of the town of Longwy.

Under Article 10, five previously undivided Grand Est villages were divided between the signatories. Hagéville, Jonville, and Vilcey went to France while Arnaville and Olley went to Léopold.

Under Article 11, Leopold sold Knutange for the castle of Bauzemont.

Under Article 13, France gave Leopold the castle of Rambervillers.

Prévôt
A prévôt (French pronunciation: [pʁevo]) was a governmental position of varying importance during the Ancien Régime in France. Typically referred to a civil officer, magistrate, head of cathedral or church, it is often anglicised as provost. A unit of justice or court overseen by a prévôt was known as a prévôté.

The title is still used on the island of Sark, part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, to refer to the executive officer of the court.
Jagatpur, Ahmedabad
Jagatpur is a neighbourhood in the Ahmedabad district of Gujarat, India, forming a part of the Amdavad Municipal Corporation. It is an emerging residential and commercial hub, reflecting the rapid urbanization of Ahmedabad's outskirts.

Amdavad Municipal Corporation
Amdavad Municipal Corporation (AMC) was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act (1949) as Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, and is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Ahmedabad.
RD-0243
The RD-0243 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-0243, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-0243, lit. 'Rocket Engine 0243') is a propulsion module composed of an RD-0244 main engine and a RD-0245 vernier thruster. Both are liquid-fuel rocket engines, burning a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer. The RD-0244 main engine operates in the oxidizer rich staged combustion cycle, while the vernier RD-0245 uses the simpler gas generator cycle. Since volume is at a premium on submarine launches, this module is submerged on the propellant tank. Its development period was from 1977 to 1985, having had its first launch on December 27, 1981. Originally developed for the RSM-54, it was used later for the Shtil'.

Hypergolic propellant
A hypergolic propellant is a rocket engine propellant, the components of which spontaneously ignite upon contact with each other.

The two components usually consist of a fuel and an oxidizer. The advantages of hypergolic propellants are that they can be stored at room temperature, and that rocket engines can be ignited reliably and repeatedly. Common hypergolic propellants are difficult to handle due to high toxicity or corrosiveness.

In contemporary usage, the terms "hypergol" and "hypergolic propellant" usually refer to the most common combination: dinitrogen tetroxide plus hydrazine.
E. Q. Q. Sanniez
E. Q. Q. Sanniez was a Ghanaian civil servant, politician, and member of the National Liberation Council. He was the Assistant Commissioner of the Ghana Police Service, and the Volta Regional Minister  from 1966 to 1967. He was succeeded by Lt. Col. E. N. Dedjoe, a former Quartermaster of Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka.

Ghana Police Service
The Ghana Police Service (GPS) is the main law enforcement agency of Ghana. The service is under the control of the Ghanaian Ministry of the Interior, and employs over 30,000 officers across its 651 stations.
Samuel J. Pugh
Samuel Johnson Pugh (January 28, 1850 – April 17, 1922) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.

Born in Greenup County, Kentucky, Pugh moved with his parents to Lewis County in 1852. He attended Chandler's Select School, Rand's Academy, and Centre College, Danville, Kentucky.

He studied law and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in Vanceburg, Kentucky.

He held the following positions:

City attorney, 1872–1873

Master commissioner of the circuit court, 1874–1880

County attorney, 1878–1886

County judge, 1886–1890

Delegate to the State constitutional convention, 1890–1891

State senator, 1893–1894

Pugh was elected November 6, 1894 as a Republican to the 54th, 55th, and 56th Congresses (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1901).

He resumed the practice of law in Vanceburg, Kentucky and died there April 17, 1922. He was interred in Woodland Cemetery.

55th United States Congress
The 55th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1897, to March 4, 1899, during the first two years of William McKinley's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority. There was one African-American member, George Henry White, a Republican from the state of North Carolina, and one Kaw member, Charles Curtis, a Republican from Kansas.
1997 Scott Tournament of Hearts
The 1997 Scott Tournament of Hearts, the Canadian women's national curling championship, was held from February 22 to March 2, 1997 at the PNE Agrodome in Vancouver, British Columbia. The total attendance for the week was 35,390, which was the lowest since 1990.

Team Saskatchewan, who was skipped by Sandra Schmirler won the tournament after beating Alison Goring's Ontario rink in the final 8–5. This was Saskatchewan's tenth title overall (eleven including Team Canada) and the third and final one skipped by Schmirler before her death in 2000. At the time, Schmirler joined Connie Laliberte and Vera Pezer as the only skips to win three championships.

Schmirler's rink would go onto represent Canada at the 1997 Ford World Women's Curling Championship in Bern, Switzerland, which they also won. Additionally, they also qualified for the 1997 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, which they qualified for the 1998 Winter Olympics where they captured the gold medal.

Skip (curling)
In the sport of curling, the skip is the captain of a team. The skip determines strategy, and holds the broom in the house (target area) to indicate where a teammate at the other end of the curling sheet (playing area) should aim the stone. The skip usually throws the last two stones in the fourth position, but may play in any other position.

Sometimes "skipper" is used; it can also be abbreviated as "S". It's also used as a verb ("skips", "skipped", "skipping").

It is conventional to identify a team by the name of the skip.