hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Challenger brand
A challenger brand is a brand in an industry where it is neither the market leader nor a niche brand. Challenger brands are categorised by a mindset which sees they have business ambitions beyond conventional resources, and an intent to bring change to an industry.

The establishment brand is the antithesis to the challenger brand, the market leader being the primary example of an establishment brand.

Virgin Atlantic, BrewDog, Tyrells, innocent, Uber and Airbnb are all considered classic examples of a challenger brand. The Challenger Project is a study into challenger brands and how they grow and succeed.

Uber
Uber Technologies, Inc. is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services, courier services, food delivery, and freight transport. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 15,000 cities worldwide. It is the largest ridesharing company worldwide with over 202 million monthly active users and 10 million active drivers and couriers. It coordinates an average of 42 million trips and delivery orders per day, and has coordinated 72 billion trips and delivery orders since its inception in 2010. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 29.9% for mobility services and 19.2% for food delivery.

The company is also in the process of developing robotaxi services in partnership with Lucid Motors, Nuro, and Baidu.
2022 UiTM FC season
The 2022 season was UiTM FC's 14th in existence and their 1st season in the second-tier of Malaysian football since relegation last season. The team competed in Malaysia Premier League, the Malaysia FA Cup and the Malaysia Cup.

Ismail Ibrahim has been appointed as the club's new head coach.

UiTM United
UiTM United Football Club is a Malaysian football club based in Shah Alam, Selangor. The club currently plays in the Malaysia A2 Amateur League. Founded in 2008, their home ground is 10,000-seater UiTM Stadium. The club is widely known as The Lion Troops. It is under the jurisdiction of the Universiti Teknologi MARA, a Malaysian public university based in Shah Alam, Selangor.
Aviation Act of 1917
Aviation Act of 1917 was a United States military appropriations bill authorizing a temporary increase for the United States Army Signal Corps. The Act of Congress authorized provisions for airship or dirigible operations governed by the U.S. Army Signal Corps Aeronautical Division. The legislation provided United States President Woodrow Wilson emergency authority for the maintenance, manufacture, operation, purchase, and repair of airships and associated aerial machines.

United States Army Signal Corps
The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It manages new technologies and portfolios that are eventually transferred to other U.S. government entities; such responsibilities include military intelligence, weather forecasting, and aviation.
Len Fox (politician)
Leonard Albert Fox (March 29, 1943 – October 8, 2018) was a businessman and politician in British Columbia. He represented Prince George-Omineca in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1991 to 1996 as a Social Credit and then Reform Party member.

He was born in Telkwa, British Columbia and was educated there and in Smithers. In 1958, Fox moved to Quesnel and apprenticed as a watch maker and goldsmith. After completing his training, he moved to Vanderhoof, where he played hockey for the Vanderhoof Bears. Fox was a school trustee and served as chairman of the school board. He served three consecutive terms as mayor of Vanderhoof, beginning in November 1981. On March 14, 1994, he joined the Reform Party caucus in the provincial assembly. After leaving provincial politics, Fox was elected mayor again in 1999, serving until 2008.

Vanderhoof Bears
The Vanderhoof Bears were a senior and intermediate ice hockey team in Vanderhoof, British Columbia. They played in the Cariboo Hockey League and the Pacific Northwest Hockey League until 1983-84. The team folded in 1984.

The name is currently used by several local teams, including a midget hockey team.
Paimion Rasti
Paimion Rasti is a Finnish orienteering club in Paimio.

It organised the Jukola relay in 2015 together with Turun Suunnistajat.

Daniel Stenlund, Jesse Laukkarinen, Fredric Portin and Olav Lundanes won the Finnish Championships in relay in 2017.

Paimion Rasti's team got a bronze medal in the Jukola Relay in 2018 with Daniel Stenlund, Jesse Laukkarinen, Fredric Portin, Vili Niemi, Bartosz Pawlak, Frédéric Tranchand and Olav Lundanes.

Other runners are Aleksandra Hornik and Nicolas Rio, which came from Pan-Kristianstad in 2019.

Olav Lundanes
Olav Lundanes (born 11 November 1987) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor, hailing from Ålesund. He has won gold medal at the World Orienteering Championships ten times and the European Orienteering Championships four times. He competes for Halden SK.
Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Nano Biomedicine and Engineering is a quarterly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal that was established in 2009 covering nanotechnology applied to biology, medicine, and engineering. It is published by the Tsinghua University Press and sponsored by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The editor-in-chief is Daxiang Cui (Shanghai Jiao Tong University). The journal publishes basic, clinical, and engineering research articles, reviews, conference proceedings, editorials, and communications.

Editorial
An editorial, or leading article (UK) or leader (UK), is an article or any other written document, often unsigned, written by the senior editorial people or publisher of a newspaper or magazine, that expresses the publication's opinion about a particular topic or issue. Australian and major United States newspapers, such as The New York Times and The Boston Globe, often classify editorials under the heading "opinion".
2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre breaststroke
The women's 200 metre breaststroke competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 27–28 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Penelope Heyns of South Africa.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in breaststroke.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
RMS Laconia
Two different ocean liners of the Cunard Steamship Lines have been named RMS Laconia.  Although one was launched ten years after the other, and was the subject of a TV movie, they are easily confused; they had similar careers, looked much the same, and met similar fates.

RMS Laconia (1911), launched in 1911 and sunk by a U-boat in 1917

RMS Laconia (1921), launched in 1921 and sunk by a U-boat in 1942

The Sinking of the Laconia
The Sinking of the Laconia is a two-part television film, first aired on 6 and 7 January 2011 on BBC Two, about the Laconia incident; the sinking of the British ocean liner RMS Laconia during World War II by a German U-boat, which then, together with three other U-boats and an Italian submarine, rescued the passengers but was in turn attacked by an American bomber.

The film is a British-German co-production, written by Alan Bleasdale, directed by Uwe Janson, and with Andrew Buchan, Brian Cox, Ken Duken, Morven Christie, Lindsay Duncan, Thomas Kretschmann and Franka Potente in the leading roles. It was shot in Cape Town, South Africa.
Heaven Bound (play)
Heaven Bound is a morality play staged annually at the Big Bethel AME Church in Atlanta, Georgia.

The play debuted on February 17, 1930; as of 2019, it had been performed for 89 years, with the church claiming it to be the longest-running musical in North America.

It was co-written by Nellie Lindley Davis, a chorister at the church and teacher.

Morality play
The morality play is a genre of medieval and early Tudor drama.  The term is used by scholars of literary and dramatic history to refer to a genre of play texts from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries that feature personified concepts (most often virtues and vices, but sometimes practices or habits) alongside angels and demons, who are engaged in a struggle to persuade a protagonist who represents a generic human character toward either good or evil.  The common story arc of these plays follows "the temptation, fall and redemption of the protagonist".
2018 China Open (tennis)
The 2018 China Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the China Open for the men (22nd for the women). It was part of ATP World Tour 500 series on the 2018 ATP World Tour, and the last WTA Premier Mandatory tournament of the 2018 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events were held at the National Tennis Center in Beijing, China, from October 1 to October 7, 2018.

Wang Qiang (tennis)
Wang Qiang (Chinese: 王蔷; pinyin: Wáng Qiáng; Mandarin pronunciation: [wǎŋ tɕʰjǎŋ]; born 14 January 1992) is a Chinese former professional tennis player. On 9 September 2019, Wang achieved her highest singles ranking of world No. 12, becoming the third-highest ranked Chinese tennis player in history after Li Na and Zheng Qinwen.

She has won two singles titles on the WTA Tour, one WTA Challenger singles title, and 14 singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit. Her best performance at a major came at the 2019 US Open when she advanced to the quarterfinals. Alongside Li Na, Zheng Jie, Peng Shuai, Zhang Shuai and Zheng Qinwen, Wang is one of only six Chinese tennis players to have reached the quarterfinals of a major.
Intercellular adhesion molecule
In molecular biology, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. They are important in inflammation, immune responses and in intracellular signalling events. The ICAM family consists of five members, designated ICAM-1 to ICAM-5. They are known to bind to leucocyte integrins CD11/CD18 such as LFA-1 and Macrophage-1 antigen, during inflammation and in immune responses. In addition, ICAMs may exist in soluble forms in human plasma, due to activation and proteolysis mechanisms at cell surfaces.

Mammalian intercellular adhesion molecules include:

ICAM-1

ICAM2

ICAM3

ICAM4

ICAM5

CD11
In cell biology, CD11 is the α (alpha) component of various integrins, especially ones in which the β (beta) component is CD18 (β2) and mediate leukocyte adhesion.  For example,

LFA1 (CD11a/CD18) short representation of Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen 1, also called αLβ2 integrin

Mac1 (CD11b/CD18) present on macrophages that is also called Macrophage-1 antigen (CR3) and αMβ2 integrin.

CD11c/CD18 also called complement receptor 4 (CR4) and αXβ2 integrin.
Leon Stolzenberg
Leon Stolzenberg (18 October 1895 – 25 October 1974) was an American chess player. Stolzenberg had been a medic in the hospital at Tarnopol in World War I. Entering the United States after the war, he became one of the leading national and international correspondence chess players. He was several times Michigan state chess champion, and won the U.S. Open Chess Championship (at that time called the Western Chess Association Tournament) in 1926 and 1928.

U.S. Open Chess Championship
The U.S. Open Championship is an open national chess championship that has been held in the United States annually since 1900.  The top American player usually qualifies for the U.S. Chess Championship.
25th National Geographic Bee
The 25th National Geographic Bee was held in Washington, D.C., on May 22, 2013, sponsored by the National Geographic Society.  This was the final National Geographic Bee that Alex Trebek hosted--at the end of the event, Alex announced that Soledad O'Brien would be next year's moderator.

Twelve-year-old Sathwik Karnik, from Plainville, Massachusetts, won the competition, beating out 52 other competitors representing the 50 U.S. states, Pacific territories, and Department of Defense dependent schools.

Alex Trebek
George Alexander Trebek (/trəˈbɛk/; July 22, 1940 – November 8, 2020) was a Canadian and American game show host and television personality. Regarded as a pop culture icon, he was best known for hosting the syndicated quiz show Jeopardy! for 37 seasons from its revival in 1984 until his death in 2020. Trebek also hosted a number of other game shows, including The Wizard of Odds, Double Dare, High Rollers, Battlestars, Classic Concentration, and To Tell the Truth. He made appearances, usually as himself, in numerous films and television series.

A native of Canada, Trebek became a naturalized American citizen in 1998. For his work on Jeopardy!, Trebek received the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host eight times. He died in November 2020, at age 80, after 20 months with stage IV pancreatic cancer. At the time of his death, Trebek had been contracted to host Jeopardy! until 2022.
Beilstein (Rhön)
The Beilstein (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪlʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is an extinct volcano in Hesse, Germany that is 864.6 m above sea level (NHN). It rises in the Rhön Mountains, a Mittelgebirge in the German states of Bavaria, Hesse and Thuringia. It lies in the High Rhön on the Bavarian-Hessian border, which locally forms the boundary between the town of Gersfeld in the Hessian county of Fulda (district) and the market town of Wildflecken in the Bavarian county of Bad Kissingen.

On the mountain are parts of the Wildflecken Training Area and the Ludwigstein.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Cylindrical grinder
The cylindrical grinder is a type of grinding machine used to shape the outside of an object. The cylindrical grinder can work on a variety of shapes, however the object must have a central axis of rotation. This includes but is not limited to such shapes as a cylinder, an ellipse, a cam, or a crankshaft.

Cylindrical grinding is defined as having four essential actions:

The work (object) must be constantly rotating

The grinding wheel must be constantly rotating

The grinding wheel is fed towards and away from the work

Either the work or the grinding wheel is transversed with respect to the other.

While the majority of cylindrical grinders employ all four movements, there are grinders that only employ three of the four actions.

Cam (mechanism)
A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion. It is often a part of a rotating wheel (e.g. an eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g. a cylinder with an irregular shape) that strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the follower, which is a lever making contact with the cam. A cam timer is similar, and these were widely used for electric machine control (an electromechanical timer in a washing machine being a common example) before the advent of inexpensive electronics, microcontrollers, integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers and digital control.
Dante's Disneyland Inferno
Dante's Disneyland Inferno is the ninth studio album by American experimental rock band Sun City Girls, released in 1996 by Abduction Records.

The album cover features depictions of the demons Ukobach, Xaphan and Eurynomos from Jacques Collin de Plancy's Dictionnaire Infernal.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Mathu Vadalara 2
Mathu Vadalara 2 (transl. Leave the intoxication 2) is a 2024 Indian Telugu-language comedy thriller film directed by Ritesh Rana. It serves as a sequel to Mathu Vadalara (2019). The film features Sri Simha Koduri, Satya, and Vennela Kishore reprising their roles from the first installment, with Faria Abdullah and Sunil joining the cast.

The film is produced by Clap Entertainment and Mythri Movie Makers, with music composed by Kaala Bhairava. Mathu Vadalara 2 was released on 13 September 2024 and became a blockbuster hit. It performed well both domestically and internationally, grossing over $1 million in the US and earned accolades for its fresh storytelling and wit.

Sri Simha Koduri
Sri Simha Koduri (born 23 February 1996) is an Indian actor, who works in Telugu films. He first appeared as a child artist in Yamadonga (2007). After working in various off-screen roles, Simha made his debut as a lead actor in Mathu Vadalara (2019) for which he won SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu.
Sathyaraj Natarajan
Sathyaraj Natarajan is an Indian film editor, who has worked on Tamil language films. He was an assistant to Praveen K. L., and has often collaborated in ventures involving director Sai Gokul and won critical acclaimed films for Vidiyum Munn (2013) and Kalyana Samayal Saadham (2013).

Rum (film)
Rum (English: Verdict) is a 2017 Indian Tamil language horror comedy thriller film written and directed by Sai Bharath. Featuring Hrishikesh, Vivek, Narain, Sanchita Shetty and Miya in the lead roles, the film's score and soundtrack is composed by Anirudh Ravichander. The film began production during early 2016 and was released on 17 February 2017.
Schreuder
Schreuder is a Dutch occupational surname. Schreuder, from early Middle Dutch scrodere, is an archaic term for either a taylor  or a porter (dock-worker, barrow-man). People with this surname include:

Alfred Schreuder (born 1972), Dutch footballer

Dick Schreuder (born 1971), Dutch footballer

Frances Schreuder (1938–2004), American murderer

Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder (1817–1882), Norwegian missionary

Hein Schreuder (1951–2023), Dutch economist and strategist

Hinkelien Schreuder (born 1984), Dutch swimmer

Jan Schreuder (1704–1764), Dutch governor of Ceylon

Louis Schreuder (born 1990), South African rugby player

Morné Schreuder (born 1979), Namibian rugby player

Pieter Meindert Schreuder (1912–1945), Dutch World War II resistance leader

Jan Schreuder
Jan Schreuder (12 February 1704 in Hamburg – 16 January 1764 in Batavia, Dutch East Indies)  was the 30th Governor of Zeylan during the Dutch period in Ceylon. He was appointed on 17 March 1757 and was Governor until 17 September 1762. He was succeeded by Lubbert Jan baron van Eck.
Twin Trading
Twin Trading was an alternative trading company in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1985 and was based in London.

Twin Trading was wholly owned by Twin, a registered charity and membership organisation. It was co-founded by economist Michael Barratt Brown, who was also at one time its chairman. He stood down from the Board in August 2007.

Twin was founded as the Third World Information Network with the support of the Greater London Council. In 1988 it began to import coffee, sold through Oxfam and Traidcraft, leading to the 1988 founding of Cafédirect by Twin with Oxfam, Traidcraft and Equal Exchange Trading. In 1993, Twin helped chocolate farmers in Ghana to found the Kuapa Kokoo co-operative, and in 1998 Divine Chocolate was formed, largely owned by Kuapa Kokoo, to market Fairtrade chocolate. Twin also launched OKÉ and Liberation Nuts.

In November 2019 it was bought by Sustainable Harvest, a United States–based green coffee importer.

Oxfam
Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs), focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It began as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief in Oxford, UK, in 1942, to alleviate World War Two related hunger and continued in the aftermath of the war. Oxfam has an international presence with operations in 79 countries and 21 members in the Oxfam Confederation in Australia, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North and Latin America and the Caribbean.

Since 2005, Oxfam International has been involved in a series of controversies as it expanded, especially concerning its operations in Haiti and Chad. There have been criticisms of its management of operations in the UK as well.
Heinrich Hertz
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (/hɜːrts/ hurts; German: [hɛʁts] ⓘ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves proposed by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.

Action at a distance
Action at a distance is the concept in physics that an object's motion can be affected by another object without the two being in physical contact; that is, it is the concept of the non-local interaction of objects that are separated in space. Coulomb's law and Newton's law of universal gravitation are based on action at a distance.

Historically, action at a distance was the earliest scientific model for gravity and electricity and it continues to be useful in many practical cases. In the 19th and 20th centuries, field models arose to explain these phenomena with more precision. The discovery of electrons and of special relativity led to new action at a distance models providing alternative to field theories. Under our modern understanding, the four fundamental interactions (gravity, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction) in all of physics are not described by action at a distance.