hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
You River (Yuan River tributary)
The You River (Chinese: 酉水; pinyin: yǒu shuǐ) is the largest tributary of the Yuan River, one of main rivers in the Wuling Mountains in Southwest China. Its other name is Gengshi River (Chinese: 更始水); it was called Youxi River (Chinese: 酉溪) in ancient times. Its trunk stream flows through Hubei, Chongqing and Hunan, and its drainage basin reaches into Guizhou. Its watershed covers an area of 19,254.3 square kilometres (7,434.1 sq mi), including 2,680.7 square kilometres (1,035.0 sq mi) of Hubei, 10,485.7 square kilometres (4,048.6 sq mi) of Hunan, 4,658.4 square kilometres (1,798.6 sq mi) of Chongqing and 1,519.5 square kilometres (586.7 sq mi) of Guizhou; it has a length of 484 kilometres (301 mi).

The valley of the You River was home of the ancient Ba people, the ancestors of the Tujia people.  The You River basin is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization: the Qin Dynasty Bamboo Slips of Liye and the Tusi Sites of Laosicheng and Tangya were discovered in the region.

Wuling Mountains
The Wuling Mountains (simplified Chinese: 武陵山脉; traditional Chinese: 武陵山脈; pinyin: Wǔlíng Shānmài) are a mountain range located in Central China, running from Chongqing Municipality and East Guizhou to West Hunan. They are home to many ethnic groups, including the Tujia, Han, Miao, Dong, and Bai.
Maribel Pérez Wadsworth
Maribel Pérez Wadsworth is the 7th president and CEO of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. She is the first woman to lead the foundation since its founding in 1950, succeeding Alberto Ibarguen in January 2024. Before joining the Knight Foundation Pérez Wadsworth was the president of the USA Today Network and publisher of USA Today from November 2018 to December 2022.

She also currently serves on the governing board of the Pew Research Center and on the board of the Associated Press.

In May 2025, Time named Pérez Wadsworth as one of the leaders in Time 100 Philanthropy 2025.

Knight Foundation
The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, also known as the Knight Foundation, is an American philanthropic organization that provides grants for the arts, journalism, research, and community development, with a focus on impact.

The organization was founded as the Charles L. Knight Memorial Education Fund in 1940. The fund was incorporated as the Knight Foundation in December 1950 in Ohio, and reincorporated as the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation in Florida in 1993.

The Foundation’s mission is to support a more effective democracy by funding projects that promote free expression, arts and culture, research in media and democracy, and the success of its 26 Knight communities, where the Knight brothers published newspapers.
Bunkō
Bunkō (ぶん公, 1914 – February 3, 1938) was a Japanese mixed breed dog, famous for becoming the mascot of the Otaru city fire department. He was saved as a puppy after being found in burnt-down ruins after a fire and lived in the Otaru fire station for most of his life, being looked after by the firefighters.

Bunkō would ride along with the firefighters during their dispatches, finding his role in helping to control the onlookers and in disentangling hoses. It has been said that during his life Bunkō rode along on well over 1000 dispatches. His long life ended at the age of 24, and his remains were stuffed and preserved. To commemorate his achievements, a statue was unveiled in 2006, and picture books and other material for children have been written about his life and specific events within it. He is also known as simply Bun in Japanese.

Otaru
Otaru (小樽市, Otaru-shi) is a city and port in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan, northwest of Sapporo. The city faces Ishikari Bay and the Sea of Japan, and has long served as the main port of the bay. With its many historical buildings, Otaru is a popular tourist destination. Because it is a 25-minute drive from Sapporo, it has grown as a commuter town. As of July 31, 2023, the city had an estimated population of 107,432 and a population density of 441 persons per km² (1,100 persons per mi²). The total area is 243.83 km2 (94.14 sq mi). Although it is the largest city in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, the subprefecture's capital is the more centrally located Kutchan.
Lake Onslow
Lake Onslow is a man-made lake east of Roxburgh and south of Alexandra in the Otago region of New Zealand. It lies 700 m (2,300 ft) above sea level. It was formed in 1890 by the damming of the Teviot River and Dismal Swamp, with a new dam built in 1982 that raised the lake level by 5 m (16 ft). It has been considered as the site for a pumped-storage hydroelectricity project.

Roxburgh, New Zealand
Roxburgh (previously called Teviot and Teviot Junction) is a small New Zealand town of about 600 people in Central Otago. It is in Teviot Valley on the banks of the Clutha River, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Alexandra in the South Island. State Highway 8, which links Central Otago with Dunedin city, passes through the town. Roxburgh is well known for its Summer fruit and "Jimmy's Pies."

An important centre during the Otago gold rush of the 1860s, in more recent times Roxburgh has relied on a mixture of livestock and stone fruit production for its economic survival. It is one of the country's most important apple growing regions and other stone fruit such as cherries and apricots are also harvested locally.

Five kilometres to the north of the town is the Roxburgh Dam, the earliest of the major hydroelectric dams built on the Clutha. There is also an opencast lignite mine located just north of town at Coal Creek.
Gallium arsenide antimonide
Gallium arsenide antimonide, also known as gallium antimonide arsenide or GaAsSb (GaAs(1-x)Sbx), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound; x indicates the fractions of arsenic and antimony in the alloy. GaAsSb refers generally to any composition of the alloy. It is an alloy of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium antimonide (GaSb).

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
Ignacio Ponseti
Ignacio Ponseti (3 June 1914 – 18 October 2009), also known as Ignasi Ponsetí i Vives, was a Spanish-American physician, specializing in orthopedics.  He was born on 3 June 1914 in Menorca, part of the Balearic Islands, Spain, Ponseti was the son of a watchmaker and spent his childhood helping repair watches. This skill was said to eventually contribute to his abilities as an orthopedist. He served three years as a medic during the Spanish Civil War treating orthopedic injuries of wounded soldiers. He left Spain shortly after the end of the war and became a faculty member and practicing physician at the University of Iowa, where he developed his ground-breaking, non-surgical treatment for the clubfoot defect - the Ponseti Method.

Menorca
Menorca or Minorca (from Latin: Insula Minor, lit. 'smaller island', later Minorica) is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. Its name derives from its size, contrasting it with nearby Mallorca (Majorca). Its capital is Maó, situated on the island's eastern end, although Menorca is not a province and forms a political union with the other islands in the archipelago. Ciutadella de Menorca and Maó are the main ports and largest towns.

Per the Census of 1 January 2025, Menorca had a population of 102,477. Its highest point, a hill in the middle of the island named El Toro (from Catalan "turó" meaning hill), is 358 metres (1,175 feet) above sea level.
Yin Jiaxu
Yin Jiaxu (Chinese: 尹家绪; born April 1956) is a retired Chinese business executive who served as chairman of Norincon Group between 2013 and 2018. He has retired for more than two years. He was investigated by China's top anti-graft agency in April 2021. He is the first senior official in state-owned enterprise and the sixth senior official in China to be targeted by China's top anticorruption watchdog in 2021.
He entered the workforce in December 1976, and joined the Chinese Communist Party in June 1984.

He was a delegate to the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a deputy to the 10th and 11th National People's Congress.

10th National People's Congress
The 10th National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 2003 to 2008. It held five plenary sessions in this period. There were 2,984 deputies to this Congress. It succeeded the 9th National People's Congress.
Woman Who Exposes Herself
Woman Who Exposes Herself (見せたがる女, Misetagaru onna) is a 1981 Japanese film directed by Masaru Konuma and starring Maiko Kazama. It is the third film in the four part "The Woman Who ..." series which Nikkatsu produced in 1981–1982 as part of their Roman porno series to showcase the talents of Maiko Kazama as a successor to Naomi Tani who had retired in 1979.

Nikkatsu
Nikkatsu Corporation (日活株式会社, Nikkatsu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese film studio located in Bunkyō. The name Nikkatsu amalgamates the words Nippon Katsudō Shashin, literally "Japan Motion Pictures".

Shareholders are Nippon Television Holdings (35%) and SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation (28.4%).
EOC 10-inch 45-calibre naval gun
The EOC 10-inch 45 calibre gun were various similar 10-inch naval guns designed and manufactured by Elswick Ordnance Company to equip ships they built and/or armed for several countries before World War I.

Armstrong Whitworth
Widely known as Armstrong Whitworth, Sir W.G. Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd and several similarly named variants was a major British heavy engineering and manufacturing company that was at its peak in the early years of the 20th century. With headquarters in Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne, Armstrong Whitworth built armaments, ships, locomotives, automobiles and aircraft.

The company was founded by William Armstrong in 1847, becoming Armstrong Mitchell and then Armstrong Whitworth through mergers. In 1927, it merged with Vickers Limited to form Vickers-Armstrongs, with its automobile and aircraft interests purchased by J D Siddeley.
Donald Laster
Anthony Donald Laster (born December 13, 1958) is an American former professional football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and Detroit Lions.  He played college football at Tennessee State University and was selected in the twelfth round of the 1982 NFL draft.

Tennessee State University
Tennessee State University (Tennessee State, Tenn State, or TSU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, it is the only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelor's degrees, 23 master's degrees, and eight doctoral degrees. It is classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Appels
Appels is a town in the Flemish province of East Flanders in Belgium. It is part of the municipality Dendermonde.

In 1125 the place is referred to as Apls, a Celtic word for water.

Appels is located near the river Scheldt and is home to Appels Veer, one of the oldest, still operating ferry slips and services in the country. Appels Veer was mentioned in a document confirming the transfer of rights to operate it from Guy of Dampierre, Count of Flanders, to Gregorius, Lord of Appels, in 1253.

Guy, Count of Flanders
Guy of Dampierre (French: Gui de Dampierre; Dutch: Gwijde van Dampierre) (c. 1226 – 7 March 1305, Compiègne) was the Count of Flanders (1251–1305) and Marquis of Namur (1264–1305). He was a prisoner of the French when his Flemings defeated the latter at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302.
Old Weather
Old Weather is an online weather data project that currently invites members of the public to assist in digitising weather observations recorded in ship log books dating from the mid-19th century onwards. It is an example of citizen science that enlists members of the public to help in scientific research. It contributes to the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth initiative. Data collected by Old Weather has been used by at least five different climate reanalysis projects, including HURDAT, SODA and ECMWF. In February 2013, the project was awarded the Royal Meteorological Society IBM Award for Meteorological Innovation that Matters.

Simple Ocean Data Assimilation
The Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) analysis is an oceanic reanalysis data set consisting of gridded state variables for the global ocean, as well as several derived fields. SODA was developed in the 1990s as a collaborative project between the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science at the University of Maryland and the Department of Oceanography at Texas A&M University with the goal of providing an improved estimate of ocean state from those based solely on observations or numerical simulations. Since its first release there have been several updates, the most recent of which extends from 1958 to 2008, as well as a “beta release” of a long-term reanalysis for 1871–2008.
Cystopteris laurentiana
Cystopteris laurentiana, commonly called Laurentian bladderfern or St. Lawrence bladderfern, is a species of fern in the family Cystopteridaceae. It is native to eastern North America, primarily in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence lowlands, but there are also scattered occurrences in New England and Atlantic Canada. It grows on cliffs composed of calcareous rocks, such as limestone, dolostone and diabase.

Cystopteridaceae
Cystopteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed  in the suborder Aspleniineae of the order Polypodiales, and includes three genera. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Cystopteridoideae of a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae.

Cystopteridaceae are small or medium-sized ferns in forests and crevices.  They generally have thin laminae, and small, round, naked sori.
Sergei Zenjov
Sergei Zenjov (born 20 April 1989) is an Estonian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Meistriliiga club Flora and the Estonia national team. Besides Estonia, Zenjov has played in England, Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.

Estonian Football Association
The Estonian Football Association (EJL; Estonian: Eesti Jalgpalli Liit) is the governing body of football, futsal, and beach soccer in Estonia. Established on 14 December 1921, it organizes the football league, including the championship which is called Meistriliiga, Estonian Cup and the Estonian national football team. It is based in Tallinn. EJL became a member of FIFA in 1923 but was disbanded during the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union; during this time the Estonian SSR Football Federation (Estonian: Eesti NSV Jalgpalliföderatsioon) organized Estonian football. It became a member of FIFA once again in 1992, following Estonia regaining its independence.
Lothstraße
Lothstraße is a roughly 1.3 kilometer long street in Munich. It runs through the St. Benno district and forms the boundary between the municipality of Maxvorstadt, which lies southeast of the street, and the districts of Neuhausen and Schwabing-West, which are located northwest.

Neuhausen-Nymphenburg
Neuhausen-Nymphenburg (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈhaʊzn̩ ˈnʏmfnbʊʁk]) is a borough of Munich, the capital of the German state of Bavaria. It was created from the merger of the former boroughs of Neuhausen (Central Bavarian: Neihausn) and Nymphenburg  in 1992.
Table of the largest known graphs of a given diameter and maximal degree
In graph theory, the degree diameter problem is the problem of finding the largest possible graph for a given maximum degree and diameter.  The Moore bound sets limits on this, but for many years mathematicians in the field have been interested in a more precise answer.  The table below gives current progress on this problem (excluding the case of degree 2, where the largest graphs are cycles with an odd number of vertices).

Cycle (graph theory)
In graph theory, a cycle in a graph is a non-empty trail in which only the first and last vertices are equal. A directed cycle in a directed graph is a non-empty directed trail in which only the first and last vertices are equal.

A graph without cycles is called an acyclic graph. A directed graph without directed cycles is called a directed acyclic graph. A connected graph without cycles is called a tree.
Secunet Security Networks
secunet Security Networks AG commonly known as Secunet, is a German information security corporation headquartered in Essen. Secunet develops, manufactures and sells information security hardware and secure telecommunications equipment. It is the producer and vendor of Germany's SINA infrastructure that forms the basis for Germany's secure IT networks. Secunet is Germany's biggest information security company and provides services for the public administration and private enterprises in the country. The company listed publicly in the SDAX.

Secunet was founded in 1997, as a spin-off of the IT division of the former TÜV Mitte AG. Since 2009, Giesecke+Devrient has been the majority shareholder. In 2022, Secunet generated a revenue of 347 million euros and had more than 1,000 employees, thus making it the leading IT security partner of the Federal Republic of Germany. Within Germany Secunet has seats in Berlin, Bonn, Borchen, Dresden, Eschborn, Hamburg, Munich and Siegen.

Eschborn
Eschborn (German pronunciation: [ˈɛʃbɔʁn] ⓘ) is a town in the Main-Taunus district, Hesse, Germany. It is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area and has a population of 21,488 (2018). Eschborn is home to numerous corporations due to its proximity to Frankfurt and relatively low business tax rate.
John Meagher (Canada East politician)
John Meagher (c. 1805 – March 11, 1876) was an Irish-born merchant and political figure in Canada East. He represented Bonaventure in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1854 to 1861 as a Reformer.

He established himself in the timber trade at Carleton. Meagher was lieutenant-colonel in the local militia. He married Mary Ann Drake. Meagher ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the assembly in 1848. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1861. Meagher died at Carleton.

Carleton-sur-Mer
Carleton-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [kaʁlətən syʁ mɛʁ]) is the fifth largest town of the Gaspésie's south shore, in southeastern Quebec, Canada, located on Route 132, along Chaleur Bay. It is the seat of the Avignon Regional County Municipality.

The town's territory includes the communities of Biron, Caps-de-Maria, Carleton, Robitaille, and Saint-Omer.
Sør-Østerdal District Court
Sør-Østerdal District Court (Norwegian: Sør-Østerdal tingrett) was a district court in Innlandet county, Norway. The court was located in Elverum. It included the southern part of Østerdalen, including the municipalities of Elverum, Trysil, Våler, Åmot, and Åsnes. Cases from this court could be appealed to Eidsivating Court of Appeal.

The court was led by a chief judge (sorenskriver) and several other judges. The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Våler Municipality (Innlandet)
Våler is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Solør. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Våler. Other villages in Våler include Braskereidfoss, Gravberget, and Risberget.

The 705-square-kilometre (272 sq mi) municipality is the 164th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Våler Municipality is the 214th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,559. The municipality's population density is 5 inhabitants per square kilometre (13/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi
Chief Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyilistenⓘ, MBE, OFR (née  Akerele, 1910–14 September 1971) was the first female physician practitioner in Nigeria. She was also the first West African woman to earn a license of Royal Surgeon in Dublin. In 1938, Elizabeth Awoliyi became the second West African woman to qualify as an orthodox-medicine trained physician after Agnes Yewande Savage who graduated from medical school in 1929. She served as the second President of the National Council of Women's Societies of Nigeria from 1964 until her death in 1971.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Chardale Murray
Chardale R. Murray is an American politician currently serving as the Mayor of Hollywood, South Carolina. She is a former member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 116th District, serving from 2020 to 2022, and she was the first woman to represent the District. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Laynce Nix
Laynce Michael Nix (born October 30, 1980) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. Nix played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers, Milwaukee Brewers, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Nationals, and Philadelphia Phillies. Nix played all three outfield positions, as well as first base, but was officially listed as a left fielder by ESPN. His younger brother, Jayson Nix, also played in MLB.

Left fielder
In baseball, a left fielder, abbreviated LF, is an outfielder who plays defense in left field. Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the left fielder is assigned the number seven.