hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bagerhat
Bagerhat is a city in southern Bangladesh and the headquarters of Bagerhat district. Located on the banks of the Bhairab river, Bagerhat has a population of around 50,000. It is located near the old city of Khalifatabad, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Bhairab River
The Bhairab (Bengali: ভৈরব নদী) is a river in south-western Bangladesh, a distributary of the Ganges. It passes through Khulna, dividing the city into two parts. Bhairab River originates from Tengamari border of Meherpur District and passes through Jessore city. The river is approximately 160 kilometres (100 mi) long and 91 metres (300 ft) wide. Its average depth is 1.2 to 1.5 metres (4 to 5 ft) and with minimal water flow, it has plenty of silt.
Des Moines speech
The Des Moines speech, formally titled "Who Are the War Agitators?", was an isolationist and antisemitic speech that American aviator Charles Lindbergh delivered at a 1941 America First Committee rally held in Des Moines, Iowa. In the speech, Lindbergh argued that participation in World War II was not in the United States' interest, and he accused three groups of trying to push the country toward war: the British, who, he said, were propagandizing the United States; Jews, whom Lindbergh accused of exercising outsized influence and of controlling the American news media; and the Roosevelt administration, who, he said, wanted to use a war to consolidate power. Called Lindbergh's "most controversial public speech", his use of antisemitic tropes and monolithic characterization of American Jews as war-agitating outsiders prompted a nationwide backlash against him and America First that the organization "never recovered from".

United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II
The UK-US relations in World War II comprised an extensive and highly complex relationship, in terms of diplomacy, military action, financing, and supplies. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt formed close personal ties, that operated apart from their respective diplomatic and military organizations against Hitler's Germany, Mussolini's Italy and Tojo's Japan.
Peggy Fenton
Peggy L. Fenton (October 12, 1927 – June 16, 2013) played for the Muskegon Lassies and the South Bend Blue Sox of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) during the 1948 season. She batted and threw left-handed.

She later was a longtime employee of BP Amoco Oil, retiring as Master Chief after 26 years of service in both the United States Marines and Naval Reserves.

South Bend Blue Sox
The South Bend Blue Sox was a women's professional baseball team who played from 1943 through 1954 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). A founding member, the team represented South Bend, Indiana, and played their home games at Bendix Field (1943–1945) and Playland Park (1946–1954).
70th David di Donatello
The 70th David di Donatello ceremony, presented by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano, was held on 7 May 2025 at Cinecittà Studios in Rome, to honour the best Italian films of 2024. It was hosted by actress Elena Sofia Ricci and singer Mika.

Accademia del Cinema Italiano
The Accademia del Cinema Italiano (English: Academy of Italian Cinema) is an organization that gives out the David di Donatello Awards. It was founded in 1955 as a part of the Open Gate Club, originally with the name Ente David di Donatello. The organization became independent in 1963. In 2007 it assumed its current name.
Buying Time
Buying Time is a 1988 Canadian action film directed by Mitchell Gabourie and written by Mitchell Gabourie, Richard Gabourie, Gordon McDonald and Dean Gabourie. The film stars Jeff Schultz, Laura Cruickshank, Page Fletcher, Leslie Toth and Dean Stockwell. The film was released on May 12, 1989, by United Artists.

Page Fletcher
Charles Page Fletcher (born 25 February 1951) is a Canadian actor who has starred in films and on television. He is best known for his role on the 1980s hit HBO TV series The Hitchhiker as the main title character from 1984–1990 and for playing RoboCop in the TV mini series RoboCop: Prime Directives.
Shehong
Shehong (Chinese: 射洪; pinyin: Shèhóng) is a county-level city in the east of Sichuan province, China, located in the central part of the Sichuan Basin. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Suining.

The city seat is the town of Taihe, which itself had a population of 732,380 in 2020 census.

The Fu River flows through the city seat as well as the towns of Jinhua and Liushu, along which hydropower stations provide electricity for the county and neighboring areas.

Sichuan Basin
The Sichuan Basin (Chinese: 四川盆地; pinyin: Sìchuān Péndì), formerly transliterated as the Szechwan Basin, sometimes called the Red Basin, is a lowland region in southwestern China. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides and is drained by the upper Yangtze River and its tributaries. The basin is anchored by Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, in the west, and the direct-administered municipality of Chongqing in the east. Due to its relative flatness and fertile soils, it is able to support a population of more than 100 million. In addition to being a dominant geographical feature of the region, the Sichuan Basin also constitutes a cultural sphere that is distinguished by its own unique customs, cuisine and dialects. It is famous for its rice cultivation and is often considered the breadbasket of China. In the 21st century its industrial base is expanding with growth in the high-tech, aerospace, and petroleum industries.
Rhaetian Railway G 4/5
The Rhaetian Railway G 4/5 was a class of metre gauge 2-8-0 steam locomotives operated by the Rhaetian Railway (RhB), which is the main railway network in the Canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.

The class was named G 4/5 under the Swiss locomotive and railcar classification system. According to that system, G 4/5 denotes a narrow gauge steam locomotive with a total of five axles, four of which are drive axles.

The Rhaetian Railway procured a total of 29 examples of the G 4/5 class between 1904 and 1915.  Built as tender locomotives by the Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) in Winterthur, the G 4/5s were used mainly on the Albula Railway until that line was electrified in 1919.  Two preserved examples of the class are still in service on the Rhaetian Railway network today.

2-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.

The notation 2-8-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in side-tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.

The Consolidation represented a notable advance in locomotive power. After 1875, it became "the most popular type of freight locomotive in the United States and was built in greater quantities than any other single wheel arrangement."
SIZO-2
Taganrog SIZO-2 (Russian: СИЗО-2, Russian pronunciation: [sʲɪˈzo dva]; lit. 'pre-trial detention centre #2') is a detention facility in Taganrog, Russia. Built in the 19th century as a juvenile detention centre, in 2022 it was converted into a torture prison holding mainly Ukrainian inmates, both civilians and prisoners of war. According to journalistic investigations, SIZO-2 is one of the most violent Russian prisons, with daily torture and starvation.

The cells of the facility are overcrowded and heavily surveiled. SIZO-2 has dedicated torture chambers where detainees are interrogated and forced to sign false confessions. Prisoners have no contact with the outside world and the vast majority have no legal representation because their lawyers cannot enter the facility.

Several prisoners have died in SIZO-2, including Ukrainian journalist Victoria Roshchyna.

Memorial Human Rights Defence Centre
Memorial Human Rights Defence Centre (Russian: Центр защиты прав человека «Мемориал»; previously Memorial Human Rights Centre) is a Russian interregional organization, deprived of the registration by the authorities.

The Centre compiles reports on human rights violations, creates lists of political prisoners and supports them, and provides legal and information support to refugees, migrants, and conscripts.
John M. Philbrook
John M. Philbrook (1840–1923) was an American politician from Maine. A Republican, Philbrook served a term in the Maine House of Representatives (1893–1894) and in the Maine Senate (1903–1904) from Bethel, Maine. He also served as an Oxford County Commissioner. The John Philbrook House in Bethel was built by Philbrook and is named in his honor. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Philbrook was born in 1840 in Shelburne, New Hampshire and studied at Gould Academy in Bethel before settling there in 1862.

Maine Senate
44°18′26″N 69°46′54″W﻿ / ﻿44.307138°N 69.781586°W﻿ / 44.307138; -69.781586

The Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. The Senate currently consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, though the Maine Constitution allows for "an odd number of Senators, not less than 31 nor more than 35". Unlike the lower House, the Senate does not set aside nonvoting seats for Native tribes.  Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine Senate usually have outside employment as well.

The Senate meets at the Maine State House in Augusta. Members are limited to four consecutive terms with each term being two years but may run again after a two-year wait.
Antonio Baratti
Antonio Baratti (or Baratta; 7 January 1724, in Belluno (not in Florence as some sources say) – 28 July 1787, in Venice) was an Italian engraver, etcher and printmaker.

Baratti was educated in the workshop of Joseph Wagner in Venice, later together with Fabio Berardi and Francesco Bartolozzi. Baratti studied and worked for a time at an engraver's workshop in Bassano del Grappa.
He married Valentina Monaco and opened his own workshop in which he was supported by his wife and his three sons, Domenico, Tommaso (or Tomaso) and Pietro and soon also by the pupils Antonio Sandi and Giuseppe Daniotto.

He engraved single-sheet prints and prints as parts of larger publications. Among the motives are portraits and about 140 religious themed works, those after works by Paolo Veronese, Francesco Vanni, Guido Reni, Giovanni Battista Piazzetta and Pietro Antonio Novelli.

Baratti died on 28 July 1787 in Venice.

Giovanni Battista Piazzetta
Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (also called Giambattista Piazzetta or Giambattista Valentino Piazzetta) (February 13, 1682 or 1683 – April 28, 1754) was an Italian Rococo painter of religious subjects and genre scenes.
Olethreutes permundana
Olethreutes permundana, the raspberry leafroller, is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae. It is found in the eastern United States, south-eastern Canada and north-western North America. The species was described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1860.

The wingspan is 17–22 mm.

The larvae are leaftiers and have been recorded on Spiraea salicifolia, Physocarpus opulifolius, Rubus hispidus, Rosa, Fragaria, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia, Rhus typhina, Corylus, Myrica and Carya.

The MONA or Hodges number for Olethreutes permundana is 2817.

James Brackenridge Clemens
James Brackenridge Clemens (31 January 1825, in Wheeling, Virginia – 11 January 1867, in Easton, Pennsylvania) was an American entomologist who specialized in Lepidoptera. He described many new species. His collection of microlepidoptera is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
GltS RNA motif
The gltS RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
gltS motifs are found in the bacterial lineage Vibrionaceae.

gltS motif RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes.  These presumably regulated genes encode subunits of glutamate synthase or a related enzyme (the exact specificity of the enzyme is uncertain).  A glutamine riboswitch was discovered that is often located upstream of glutamate synthase genes, but is also present upstream of other genes, such as those encoding glutamine synthetase and ammonium transporters.

Glutamine synthetase
Glutamine synthetase (GS) (EC 6.3.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine:
Glutamate + ATP + NH3 → Glutamine + ADP + phosphate

Glutamine synthetase uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration. The amide group of glutamate is a nitrogen source for the synthesis of glutamine pathway metabolites.

Other reactions may take place via GS. Competition between ammonium ion and water, their binding affinities, and the concentration of ammonium ion, influences glutamine synthesis and glutamine hydrolysis. Glutamine is formed if an ammonium ion attacks the acyl-phosphate intermediate, while glutamate is remade if water attacks the intermediate.  Ammonium ion binds more strongly than water to GS due to electrostatic forces between a cation and a negatively charged pocket. Another possible reaction is upon NH2OH binding to GS, rather than NH4+, yields γ-glutamylhydroxamate.
Betty Deland
Hedvig Kristina Elisabeth "Betty" Deland (14 November 1831 in Örebro – 1 April 1882 in Stockholm) was a Swedish stage actress.  She was a principal of the Royal Dramatic Training Academy and belong to the elite of Swedish 19th-century actors.  She was known as Betty Deland until 1857 and then as Betty Almlöf.

Royal Dramatic Theatre
The Royal Dramatic Theatre (Swedish: Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern, colloquially Dramaten) is Sweden's national stage for "spoken drama", founded in 1788. Around one thousand shows are put on annually on the theatre's five running stages.

The theatre has been at its present location in the Art Nouveau building at Nybroplan, Stockholm, since 1908. The theatre was built by the architect Fredrik Lilljekvist. Famous artists like Carl Milles and Carl Larsson were involved in making the decorations, and some of the interior decorations were made by Prince Eugen.

The theatre's acting school, the Royal Dramatic Training Academy, produced many actors and directors who would go on to be famous, including Gustaf Molander (who also taught there), Alf Sjöberg, Greta Garbo, Vera Schmiterlöw, Signe Hasso, Ingrid Bergman, Gunnar Björnstrand, Max von Sydow, and Bibi Andersson. The school was split off as a separate institution in 1967 (see Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting).
John H. Jessen
John H. Jessen is recognized internationally as an innovator in the fields of computer forensics and electronic evidence discovery. Jessen has been quoted in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Le Monde, Newsweek, Forbes, Wired magazine, and on CBS’ 60 Minutes, ABC's 20/20 and the Discovery Channel. He has been called the "best of the breed" of electronic evidence experts by the American Bar Association (ABA) Journal and "the nation’s foremost authority on secret or deleted computer files" by Entrepreneur magazine.

EED Inc. founder Jessen is a technical advisor on electronic discovery to the Sedona Conference, the legal industry's premier forum dedicated to the advanced study of law and policy.

Jessen is the chairman of the Sedona Conference executive committee. He is also on the steering committee of and technical expert to the Sedona Conference Working Group on Electronic Document Retention and Production Archived 2007-08-27 at the Wayback Machine.

Entrepreneur (magazine)
Entrepreneur is an American magazine and website that carries news stories about entrepreneurship, small business management, and business. First published in 1977, it is published by Entrepreneur Media Inc., headquartered in Irvine, California. The magazine publishes 10 issues annually, available through subscription and on newsstands. It has been published under license internationally in Mexico, Russia, India, Hungary, the Philippines, South Africa, and others. Its editor-in-chief is Jason Feifer and its owner is Peter Shea.
Dogue Brasileiro
The Dogue Brasileiro is a mastiff-type working dog breed originating in Brazil. It is neither recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) nor the American Kennel Club (AKC). However, it has the official Brazilian recognition by the Brazilian Confederation of Cynophilia (CBKC) where it belongs to the Group 11 – Breeds not recognized by the FCI.

Confederação Brasileira de Cinofilia
Confederação Brasileira de Cinofilia (transl. Brazilian Confederation of Cynophilia) or CBKC is a Brazilian kennel club confederation based in Rio de Janeiro. The confederation is affiliated with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), being the only representative of this system in Brazil.
Ohsio Dam
Ohsio Dam is an earthfill dam located in Gunma Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 130.5 km2. The dam impounds about 15  ha of land when full and can store 1841 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1965.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study
The Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIAS) in Amsterdam, Netherlands, is an independent research institute in the field of the humanities and social and behavioural sciences founded in 1970. The institute offers advanced research facility for international scholars of all of the humanities and social sciences. It is a member of Some Institutes for Advanced Study (SIAS) and the Network of European Institutes for Advanced Studies (NetIAS).

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Armavir constituency
The Armavir constituency (No.52) is a Russian legislative constituency in Krasnodar Krai. The constituency covers southeastern Krasnodar Krai.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Andrey Doroshenko, a transportation businessman, who won the open seat, succeeding seven-term Communist incumbent Nikolay Kharitonov after the latter decided to successfully seek re-election only through proportional representation.

Nikolay Kharitonov
Nikolay Mikhailovich Kharitonov (Russian: Николай Михайлович Харитонов; born 30 October 1948) is a Russian communist politician who has served in the State Duma since 1994, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Development of Far Eastern and Arctic regions since 2011. Kharitonov was the Communist Party of the Russian Federation's candidate for the 2004 Russian presidential election and for the 2024 Russian presidential election, but was defeated in both by the incumbent president Vladimir Putin.

Kharitonov was previously a member of the Agrarian Party until he quit in protest of their cooperation with the ruling United Russia party. He is best known for his unsuccessful bid to unseat incumbent President Vladimir Putin in the 2004 presidential election, and came in second place. He ran for president again in the 2024 election, and lost again to Putin.
Peter Currie (businessman)
Peter L. S. Currie (born 1956) is an American business executive who was the chief financial officer for Netscape from 1995 to 1999. Currie has been described by Wall Street Journal reporter Jessica Vascellaro as one of the "Silicon Valley wise men". He was among the advisors to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg about business matters in 2009. He is an investor in Internet start-ups and serves on the boards of numerous firms. He is president of Currie Capital and was a charter trustee of Phillips Academy; from July 2012 to June 2020, he served as the president of the school's board of trustees.

Executive officer
An executive officer is a person who is principally responsible for leading all or part of an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization.

In many militaries and police forces, an executive officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the commanding officer (CO). The XO is typically responsible for the management of day-to-day activities, freeing the commander to concentrate on strategy and planning the unit's next move.
2000 French Open – Mixed doubles
Katarina Srebotnik and Piet Norval were the defending champions, but lost in second round to Kim Clijsters and Lleyton Hewitt.

Mariaan de Swardt and David Adams won the title, defeating Rennae Stubbs and Todd Woodbridge 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 in the final. It was the 2nd and final mixed doubles Grand Slam title for both players in their careers.

Piet Norval
Pieter ("Piet") Norval (born 7 April 1970) is a former tennis player from South Africa, who turned professional in 1988. His most notable achievement was winning the mixed doubles at the French Open in 1999. The right-hander represented his native country in the doubles competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he partnered Wayne Ferreira. The pair won the silver medal, after losing the final to Boris Becker and Michael Stich from Germany. Norval reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 19 June 1989, when he became the no. 125 of the world.
Granite Hot Springs
There are several places using the name Granite Hot Springs:

Granite Hot Springs, Nevada in Washoe County, Nevada, now known as Lawton Hot Springs

Granite Hot Springs, Montana in Missoula County, Montana

Granite Hot Springs, Wyoming in Sublette County, Wyoming

Missoula County, Montana
Missoula County (/mɪˈzuːlə/ ⓘ miz-OO-lə) is a county located in the state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 117,922, making it Montana's third most populous county. Its county seat and most populous city is Missoula. The county was founded in 1860. Missoula County comprises the Missoula, MT Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is not a consolidated city-county.