hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xu Lin (linguist)
Xu Lin (November 13, 1922 - August 9, 2005, Chinese: 徐琳) was a Chinese linguist who was focused on the study of minority languages. The establishment of the modern linguistics of the Bai language and the modern linguistics of the Lisu language was her primary contribution.

Publishing House of Minority Nationalities
The Publishing House of Minority Nationalities (Chinese: 民族出版社; pinyin: Mínzú Chūbǎnshè) is a publishing house established on January 15, 1953, as a division of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the United Front Work Department, and focused on academic publishing. Its headquarters are located in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China. Its current director and editor-in-chief is Yu Binxi (Chinese: 禹宾熙).
Madhu Sudan Kanungo
Madhu Sudan Kanungo (1 April 1927 – 26 July 2011) was an Indian scientist in the field of gerontology and neuroscience as well as a teacher of molecular biology and biochemistry. He is known for his theories on how gene expression changes with age and the role of this phenomenon in ageing, which is a widely accepted as "Gene expression theory of Aging". In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award, Padma Shri in 2005. He held the post of BHU Emeritus professor in zoology at the Banaras Hindu University and was also the Chancellor, Nagaland University till his death.

Nagaland University
Nagaland University is a Central University established in the state of Nagaland by an Act of Parliament by the Government of India in 1989. It is headquartered at Lumami, Zünheboto District. Two other permanent campuses are located at Meriema (near Kohima) and Medziphema. Also there is a temporary campus in Dimapur where B. Tech courses are offered. Altogether 70 colleges are affiliated to the university with a total student population of around 24,000. Different Courses in 43 disciplines are offered at University and college levels in M.A, M.Sc, M.Com, MBA, M.Ed, M.Sc (Agri.), B.Tech, B.Sc (Agri.), LL.B, B.Ed, B.Sc, B.A, B.Com, BBA, BCA, B.Sc (Nursing) and B.Voc.
Līčupe
Līčupe (formerly Braki) is a village and the center of Mazozoli Parish, Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. The population in 2023 was 250.

Līčupe is located along the Riga–Ērgļi freeway (P4). The village, which formed as a kolkhoz center during the Soviet period in Latvia, is known for its production of Latvian apple cider.

56°54′N 25°25′E﻿ / ﻿56.900°N 25.417°E﻿ / 56.900; 25.417

Ogre Municipality
Ogre Municipality (Latvian: Ogres novads) is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2002 by merging Ogre town and Ogresgals Parish. In 2009 it absorbed Krape Parish, Ķeipene Parish, Laubere Parish, Madliena Parish, Mazozoli Parish, Meņģele Parish, Suntaži Parish and Taurupe Parish, the administrative centre being Ogre. The population in 2021 was 57,617.

During the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the previous municipality was merged with Ikšķile Municipality, Ķegums Municipality and Lielvārde Municipality. The new municipality now fully corresponds with the area of the former Ogre district.
Andrew Cowper
Andrew King Cowper, MC & Two Bars (16 November 1898 – 25 June 1980) was an Australian fighter pilot and flying ace of the First World War. Born in Bingara, New South Wales, he was educated in the United Kingdom at Eastbourne College. Joining the Royal Flying Corps in May 1917, he was posted to No. 24 Squadron RFC in France and was credited with shooting down nineteen German aircraft between November 1917 and March 1918. Cowper was awarded the Military Cross and two Bars during the war for his efforts in destroying German aircraft, in addition to carrying out ground-attacks. He was posted to the Home Establishment in April 1918, serving out the remainder of the war in the United Kingdom; he was discharged in 1920. Returning to Australia, he established his own horticultural business. He served in the Royal Australian Air Force in the Second World War, and died on 25 June 1980 aged eighty-one.

Fighter pilot
A fighter pilot or combat pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat and sometimes electronic warfare while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting (close range aerial combat). A fighter pilot with at least five air-to-air kills becomes known as an ace.
Jacksonia spinosa
Jacksonia spinosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It is an erect, spindly, compact or spreading shrub with dull green branches with about twenty very sharply pointed end branches 0.5–1.3 mm (0.020–0.051 in) long, leaves reduced to dark brown, broadly egg-shaped scales, yellow-orange flowers with red markings, and woody, densely hairy pods.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
The Raga Guide
The Raga Guide is a 1999 Nimbus Records compilation of 74 Hindustani ragas on four CDs. It includes a textbook edited by Joep Bor (of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music) with information and western-style transcriptions of the ragas and a catalogue of two sets of ragamala plates, dated to c. 1610 and 1650. The 1610 plates are painted in the Mughal style.

The featured artists are Vidyadhar Vyas (vocal), Shruti Sadolikar-Katkar (vocal), Buddhadev Das Gupta (sarod), and Hariprasad Chaurasia (flute).

Sarod
The sarod is a stringed instrument, used in Hindustani music on the Indian subcontinent. Along with the sitar, it is among the most popular and prominent instruments. It is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet, overtone-rich timbre of the sitar, with sympathetic strings that give it a resonant, reverberant quality. A fretless instrument, it can produce the continuous slides between notes known as meend (glissandi), which are important in Indian music.
Blue-fronted blue flycatcher
The blue-fronted blue flycatcher (Eumyias hoevelli), also known as the blue-fronted flycatcher, is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae.  It is endemic to Indonesia.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Old World flycatcher
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) and northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The large family includes 357 species and is divided into 57 genera.
History of AC Legnano
This is the history of Associazione Calcio Legnano, commonly referred to as Legnano, an Italian football club based in Legnano, Lombardy. The club last played in Serie A in 1954 and has since played in the lower divisions of Italian football.

SSD Varese Calcio
Società Sportiva Dilettantistica Varese Calcio, commonly referred to as Varese, was an Italian football club based in Varese, Lombardy. It was founded as Varese Football Club on 22 March 1910. It became Associazione Sportiva Varesina in 1923, Varese Sportiva in 1926, reverted to Varese F.C. from 1946 to 2004, and then Associazione Sportiva Varese 1910 (A.S. Varese 1910) from 2004 to 2015. The club dissolved in 2019.
Alessio Scarchilli
Alessio Scarchilli (born September 10, 1972) is a retired Italian professional football player. He played for 6 seasons (93 games, 10 goals) in the Serie A for A.S. Roma, U.C. Sampdoria and most notably for Torino F.C. He played in the UEFA Cup for Roma and Sampdoria.

Scarchilli began playing football in A.S. Roma's youth system. After graduating to the club's senior side, Scarchilli made his Serie B debut with U.S. Lecce while out on loan from Roma. After he helped Lecce earn promotion to Serie A during the 1992–93 season, Scarchilli returned to Roma.

He represented Italy in the 1994 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.

Currently, he works as a TV commentator on a channel dedicated to A.S. Roma.

US Lecce
Unione Sportiva Lecce (Italian pronunciation: [ˈlettʃe]) is a professional Italian football club based in Lecce, Apulia. The club play in Serie A for the 2025–26 season, the top level of the Italian football pyramid. Lecce plays its home games at Stadio Via del Mare, which has a capacity of 31,533 spectators.

The club was formed in 1927 upon an idea of 1908 and has spent a large part of their recent history bouncing between Italy's second division and Serie A, where the team debuted in the 1985–86 season. Its best Serie A finish is the ninth place obtained in the 1988–89 season. The club is 25th in the Serie A all-time table and is the second club from Apulia with appearances in the first two tiers of Italian football, with 19 Serie A seasons and 29 Serie B seasons.

Lecce won Serie B titles in 2022 and 2010, a Coppa Italia Serie C in 1975 and an Anglo-Italian Cup Semiprofessionals in 1976.

Lecce players and fans are nicknamed salentini or simply giallorossi or lupi.
B. P. Mandal
Babu Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal (25 August 1918 – 13 April 1982) was a scion of the erstwhile Murho Estate and an Indian politician who chaired the Mandal Commission. Mandal came from a rich Yadav landlord family from Madhepura in Northern Bihar. He served as the seventh Chief Minister of Bihar in 1968, but he resigned after 30 days. As a parliamentarian, he served as the chairman of the Second Backward Classes Commission, popularly known as the Mandal Commission. The commission's report mobilised a segment of the Indian population known as "Other Backward Classes" (OBCs) and initiated a fierce debate on policies related to underrepresented and underprivileged groups in Indian politics.

Landlord
A landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used. In the United Kingdom, the manager of a pub, officially a licensed victualler, is also referred to as the landlord/landlady. In political economy, landlord specifically refers to someone who owns natural resources (such as land, excluding buildings) from which they derive economic rent, a form of passive income.
Ochi concert (2015)
The Oxi concert was a concert/Rally held on Friday 3 July 2015 in Syntagma square to support the NO vote in the 2015 Greek bailout referendum. Performers included Thanos Mikroutsikos, Vasilis Papakonstantinou, Alkinoos Ioannidis, Rita Antonopoulou, Afroditi Manou, Sokratis Malamas, Rallia Xristidou, Kostas Thomaidis, Electric Litany, Iro, Eleni Vitali and Chainides. It is estimated that more than 350,000 people attended the concert. It was broadcast live by ERT1.

The Prime minister of Greece Alexis Tsipras made a 10-minute speech.
Many Members of the Greek government and the SYRIZA party like Zoi Konstantopoulou, Nikos Pappas and Yanis Varoufakis attended the concert.

The main slogans were "For the Greece of dignity, For the Europe of democracy" and "We're writing history".

Scenes from the event were included in the documentaries Agora II:Chained and This is a Coup.

Vasilis Papakonstantinou
Vasilis Papakonstantinou (Βασίλης Παπακωνσταντίνου) (born 21 June 1950) is a Greek singer known mostly for his work in Greek rock. Many of his songs have gained considerable popularity, mainly in Greece and Cyprus.
Co-simulation
In co-simulation, the different subsystems that form a coupled problem are modeled and simulated in a distributed manner. Hence, the modeling is done on the subsystem level without having the coupled problem in mind. Furthermore, the coupled simulation is carried out by running the subsystems in a black-box manner. During the simulation, the subsystems will exchange data. Co-simulation can be considered as the joint simulation of the already well-established tools and semantics; when they are simulated with their suitable solvers. Co-simulation proves its advantage in validation of multi-domain and cyber-physical systems by offering a
flexible solution that allows consideration of multiple domains with different time steps, at the same time. As the calculation load is shared among simulators, co-simulation also enables the possibility of large-scale system assessment.

Semantics (programming languages)
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational meaning to valid strings in a programming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, the semantics of mathematical proofs.

Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in that specific language. This can be done by describing the relationship between the input and output of a program, or giving an explanation of how the program will be executed on a certain platform, thereby creating a model of computation.
Sadovnichesky Bridge
Sadovnichesky Bridge (Russian: Cадовнический мост) is a cоncrete pedestrian arch bridge that spans Vodootvodny Canal in historical Zamoskvorechye district of Moscow, Russia. The bridge connects Balchug island with Zamoskvorechye mainland. It was built in 1963, designed by Nina  Bragina (structural engineering), V.A. Korchagin and K.P. Savelyev (architectural design). It is Moscow's nearest adaptation of a Moon bridge.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
Alphabetic numeral system
An alphabetic numeral system is a type of numeral system. Developed in classical antiquity, it flourished during the early Middle Ages. In alphabetic numeral systems, numbers are written using the characters of an alphabet, syllabary, or another writing system. Unlike acrophonic numeral systems, where a numeral is represented by the first letter of the lexical name of the numeral, alphabetic numeral systems can arbitrarily assign letters to numerical values. Some systems, including the Arabic, Georgian and Hebrew systems, use an already established alphabetical order. Alphabetic numeral systems originated with Greek numerals around 600 BC and became largely extinct by the 16th century. After the development of positional numeral systems like Hindu–Arabic numerals, the use of alphabetic numeral systems dwindled to predominantly ordered lists, pagination, religious functions, and divinatory magic.

Pagination
Pagination, also known as paging, is the process of dividing a document into discrete pages, either electronic pages or printed pages.

In reference to books produced without a computer, pagination can mean the consecutive page numbering to indicate the proper order of the pages, which was rarely found in documents pre-dating 1500, and only became common practice c. 1550, when it replaced foliation, which numbered only the front sides of folios.
Garvald, Scottish Borders
55°45′06″N 3°01′42″W﻿ / ﻿55.75167°N 3.02833°W﻿ / 55.75167; -3.02833

Garvald (Scots: Garvit) is a hamlet on the B7007, near Dewar, by the Dewar Burn, in the Moorfoot Hills, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the former Peeblesshire.

Places nearby include Borthwick Hall, Heriot, the Leithen Water, Peatrig Hill, and Peebles.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Boiga dightoni whitakeri
Boiga dightoni whitakeri, or Whitaker's cat snake, is a subspecies of nocturnal, arboreal, opisthoglyphous snake of the family Colubridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of South India, in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Phoenix (Everything in Slow Motion album)
Phoenix is the debut studio album from Christian metal project Everything in Slow Motion by Shane Ochsner. The album released on December 10, 2013 by Facedown Records, and Joshua Barber was the producer. This album had commercial charting successes, and it garnered critical acclamation.

Outburn
Outburn is a print magazine and online publication focusing on alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, indie rock, and other genres. It presents news on bands, music releases, and events, in-depth interviews, high-quality studio and live photography, and music reviews. From March 2018 to March 2021, the print magazine was on hiatus after the departure of an editorial staff member. In one of the first still available About Us pages  after the departure of the editorial staff member, Octavia Laird's name was notably erased from the founder's section of the About Us page. A protracted legal battle ensued over the future of Outburn as a result of Octavia's departure 
However, in April 2021, Outburn resumed publication of the print magazine, beginning with issue #93, in celebration of their 25th anniversary.
Into Harm's Way
Into Harm's Way is a 2012 American documentary film. The film features a series of interviews with the members of the United States Military Academy class of 1967 and their experiences during their college career at West Point and later in the Vietnam War. The movie was produced and directed by Jordan Kronick for the West Point Center for Oral History. The Center's director, journalist Todd Brewster, served as the film's executive producer.  The film opened at the GI Film Festival on May 15, 2012.

GI Film Festival
The GI Film Festival is an annual film festival focused on military and veteran experiences, held in San Diego, California. Films featured in the festival reveal the struggles, triumphs, and experiences of service members and veterans.

The festival was held in Washington, D.C. from 2008 to 2018. Since 2018, it has been held in San Diego. The next festival will take place May 7-9, 2025, at the Museum of Photographic Arts in Balboa Park.
Gruda (surname)
Gruda is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnès Gruda, Polish-born Canadian journalist and fiction writer

Ayşen Gruda (1944–2019), Turkish actress and comedian

Brajan Gruda (born 2004), German football player

Ildi Gruda (born 1999), Albanian football player

Mirsad Gruda (born 1986), Albanian football player

Sandrine Gruda (born 1987), French basketball player

Suad Gruda (born 1991), Macedonian-born Swedish football player

Yılmaz Gruda (1930–2023), Turkish actor, poet, playwright, and translator

Brajan Gruda
Brajan Gruda (born 31 May 2004) is a German professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Bundesliga club RB Leipzig, on loan from Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion, as well as the Germany national under-21 football team.
Back to Love (Beth Nielsen Chapman album)
Back to Love is the ninth studio album by Beth Nielsen Chapman.  It was released in the United Kingdom on January 24, 2010 and in the United States on May 25, 2010. The song "How We Love" was covered by Joe McElderry in 2012 for his fourth studio album, Here's What I Believe.

Joe McElderry
Joseph McElderry (/məˈkɛldəri/; born 16 June 1991) is an English singer and songwriter. He won the sixth series of The X Factor in 2009. His first single "The Climb" reached number one  on both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Charts. He was also the winner of the second series of Popstar to Operastar in 2011 and the first series of The Jump in 2014. In 2015, McElderry played the lead role of Joseph in the touring production of the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. In 2022, McElderry performed his Freedom Tour, a tribute to George Michael.

To date, McElderry has released five top 20 albums – two of them reaching the UK top three.
Cozy mystery
Cozy mysteries (or cosy mysteries) are a sub-genre of crime fiction in which sex and violence occur offstage, the detective is an amateur sleuth, and the crime and detection take place in a small, socially intimate community. Cozy mysteries thus stand in contrast to hardboiled fiction, in which more violence and explicit sexuality are central to the plot. The term "cozy" was used to describe works in this genre by the 1960s, though it only gained widespread recognition in the late 20th century, when various writers produced work in an attempt to recreate the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.

Rita Mae Brown
Rita Mae Brown (born November 28, 1944) is an American feminist writer, best known for her coming-of-age autobiographical novel, Rubyfruit Jungle. Brown was active in a number of civil rights campaigns and criticized the marginalization of lesbians within feminist groups. Brown received the Pioneer Award for lifetime achievement at the Lambda Literary Awards in 2015. She is considered a significant Southern lesbian feminist poet and author and is associated with the women's liberation movement and women in print movement.
LaDonna
LaDonna is an English-language feminine given name, a combination of the element la and the Italian name Donna, meaning "lady". It is often found among African Americans. Notable people with the given name include:

LaDonna Antoine-Watkins (born 1974), Canadian sprinter

LaDonna Appelbaum (born 1967), American politician

LaDonna Gatlin (born 1954), American motivational speaker and singer

LaDonna Harris (born 1931), Native American social activist and politician

LaDonna Smith (born 1951), American musician

LaDonna Tittle (born 1946), American radio personality, actress and model

LaDonna Harris
LaDonna Vita Tabbytite Harris (born February 15, 1931) is a Comanche Native American social activist and politician from Oklahoma. She is the founder and president of Americans for Indian Opportunity. Harris was a vice presidential candidate for the Citizens Party in the 1980 United States presidential election alongside Barry Commoner. She was the first Native American woman to run for vice president. In 2018, she became one of the inductees in the first induction ceremony held by the National Native American Hall of Fame.