hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eugen Schiffer
Eugen Schiffer (14 February 1860 – 5 September 1954) was a German lawyer and liberal politician. He served as Minister of Finance and deputy head of government in the Weimar Republic from February to April 1919. From October 1919 to March 1920, he was again deputy head of government and Minister of Justice. In 1921, he once more became Minister of Justice. Schiffer was a founder-member of the liberal German Democratic Party (DDP) in 1918 and 1919 and co-founder in 1946 of its East German successor party, the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD).

Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of Finance (German: Bundesministerium der Finanzen, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm deːɐ̯ fiˈnantsn̩]; abbreviated BMF) is the cabinet-level finance ministry of Germany, with its seat at the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus in Berlin and a secondary office in Bonn.
Noka Chocolate
Noka Chocolate (stylized NōKA) was an American company, founded by Canadian accountants Katrina Merrem and Noah Houghton and based in Plano, Texas, that marketed itself as "a chocolatier specializing in gourmet chocolate gifts."  The company sold its products directly and through its primary retail partner, department store Neiman Marcus.

The company's products were made from chocolate it said was sourced from Venezuela, Trinidad, the Ivory Coast, and Ecuador. It provided its customers with a "Tasting Guideline" in every box.  The company's founder said that its products are "not so much candy as a tasting experience."  Given the prices charged for the chocolates, one newspaper wrote, "NoKA is not for the faint of heart -- or pocketbook."

In 2006, Business website Forbes.com included NōKA's Vintages Collection among a listing of the world's most expensive chocolates, at $854 per pound. D Magazine called the chocolates "insanely expensive."

NōKA went out of business in 2011.

Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus is an American upmarket department store chain founded in 1907 in Dallas, Texas by Herbert Marcus, his sister Carrie Marcus Neiman, and her husband Abraham Lincoln Neiman. The company is known for its luxury merchandise, including its annual offerings for the holiday season, inclusive of its Fantasy gifts. It was owned by the Neiman Marcus Group from 1987 to 2024, which also included Bergdorf Goodman and the clearance outlet Neiman Marcus Last Call, among others. In 2024 it was acquired by Saks Global. As of 2025 Neiman Marcus had 36 stores throughout the United States.
The Worst Person Alive
"The Worst Person Alive" is a song by Australian indie pop singer G Flip. It was released on 28 June 2023 as the second single from their second studio album, Drummer.

About the song, G Flip said "One day you're in a relationship and the other person is your number one, they know everything about you, they know you better than anyone else, you've had some of your best memories with that person and then you break up and you sadly become strangers. I really hate that it's all or nothing. It's such a drastic change."

The song was voted number 2 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2023.

At the APRA Music Awards of 2024, the song was nominated for Song of the Year. At the 2024 ARIA Music Awards, the song won Song of the Year.

APRA Music Awards of 2024
The APRA Music Awards of 2024 were the 42nd annual series, known as the APRA Awards. The awards are given in a series of categories in three divisions and in separate ceremonies throughout the year: the APRA Music Awards, Art Music Awards and Screen Music Awards.

The APRA Music Awards took place on 1 May 2024. The 25 songs shortlisted for Song of the Year were announced on 22 February 2024. Nominations were announced on 4 April 2024.
Christophe Bettally
Christophe Bettally (18th century – 19th century) was an English scientific instrument maker. He was probably of Italian descent with an anglicised surname.

Bettally was active between 1787 and c. 1807 in London, where he had shops in Oxford Street and Pimlico, and Paris. He produced thermometers, barometers, hygrometers, and glass instruments for physics experiments, according to his trade cards in the Banks Collection at the British Museum.

Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine (medical thermometer), and in scientific research.
Sal Dimiceli
Sal Dimiceli is a real estate businessman from Lake Geneva, Wisconsin who writes a column on charity for the Lake Geneva Regional News.  Dimiceli's column, "The Time is Now to Help," has been likened to "a 'Dear Abby' for the down and out", but is perhaps more akin to the Percy Ross column, Thanks a Million.  The column features letters from people in economic distress; Dimiceli selects families to visit, stocks their refrigerator, pays off their outstanding utility bills, and then provides the family with some financial counseling to help them avoid such difficulties in the future.

Dimiceli's work has been featured in national media, and he was named a "CNN Hero".

Financial adviser
A financial adviser or financial advisor is a professional who provides financial services to clients based on their financial situation. In many countries, financial advisors must complete specific training and be registered with a regulatory body in order to provide advice.

Relationships between clients and financial advisors can be characterized by principal-agent problems, as financial advisors may possess information and conflicts of interest that lead to dishonest advice and misconduct.
River Horse Brewery
River Horse Brewing Co. is a craft brewery in Ewing Township in Mercer County, New Jersey. It was started in 1996 but then came under new ownership in 2007. It is NJ's second largest craft brewery, after Flying Fish Brewery.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
Sucre F.C.
Sucre Fútbol Club was a Colombian football team, based in Sincelejo. The club was formerly known as Girardot F.C. based in Girardot, which then moved to Palmira becoming Deportes Palmira but due to financial difficulties, the club relocated to Buenaventura and was rebranded as Pacífico F.C. The club only lasted less than two years after it was moved again and became Sucre F.C. Sucre lasted less than a year before it was moved yet again, becoming Jaguares de Córdoba.

Girardot, Cundinamarca
Girardot is a municipality and town of Colombia in the department of Cundinamarca. It is the second most important city of Cundinamarca according to its production. It is home to a number of recreational and vacational spots, mainly visited by people from Bogotá, as it is located at two hours drive from the city but enjoys a tropical climate (compared to the cold and rainy climate of Bogotá). The municipality had a population of 109,792 (2020 estimate), and form a small metropolitan area together with the neighbouring municipalities of Flandes and Ricaurte.
2010 UK quango reforms
Following the 2010 general election, the UK Government under the Cameron–Clegg coalition
announced plans to curb public spending through the abolition of a large number of quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisations (quangos).  This was styled in the national press as a "bonfire of the quangos", making reference to Girolamo Savonarola's religiously inspired Bonfire of the Vanities ("falò delle vanità").

On 23 May 2010, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne unveiled a £500 million plan to reduce the budget deficit by abolishing or merging many quangos. The cuts and closures received criticism in some quarters, but was generally welcomed by the business community. A decade later in 2021, the UK Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee claimed in a report that  the reforms “failed to spark” and that the Cabinet Office has “not been enforcing the code for public appointments”.

Quango
A quango (quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization) is an organization to which a government has devolved power, but which is still partly controlled or financed by government bodies. The acronym was originally derived from quasi-NGO, where NGO is the abbreviation for a non-government organization.

As its original name suggests, a quango is a hybrid form of organization, with elements of both NGOs and public sector bodies. Although originating in the United States, the term is primarily used in the United Kingdom and, to a lesser degree, other countries in the core and middle Anglosphere.

In the UK, quango is not an official term and its usage has been described as "highly emotive", with some using it to condemn "wasteful bureaucracy" and a lack of democratic accountability. It covers different arm's-length bodies (ALBs), including non-departmental public bodies ("semi-autonomous public bodies") (NDPBs), non-ministerial government departments, and executive agencies.
Idea Vilariño
Idea Vilariño Romani (Montevideo, 18 August 1920 – 28 April 2009) was a Uruguayan poet, essayist and literary critic.

She belonged to the group of intellectuals known as "Generación del 45". In this generation, there are several writers such as Juan Carlos Onetti, Mario Benedetti, Sarandy Cabrera, Carlos Martínez Moreno, Ángel Rama, Carlos Real de Azúa, Carlos Maggi, Alfredo Gravina, Mario Arregui, Amanda Berenguer, Humberto Megget, Emir Rodríguez Monegal, Gladys Castelvecchi and José Pedro Díaz among others.

She also worked as a translator, composer and lecturer.

Uruguayans
Uruguayans (Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. As a result, many Uruguayans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and their allegiance to Uruguay. Colloquially, primarily among other Spanish-speaking Latin American nations, Uruguayans are also referred to as "orientals [as in Easterners]" (Spanish: orientales).

Uruguay is, along with much of the Americas, a melting pot of different peoples, with the difference that it has traditionally maintained a model that promotes cultural assimilation, hence the different cultures have been absorbed by the mainstream. Uruguay has one of the most homogeneous populations in South America; the most common ethnic backgrounds by far being those from Spain, Italy, Germany and France i.e. Spanish Uruguayans, Italian Uruguayans, German Uruguayans, French Uruguayans and Polish Uruguayans.
Velgam Vehera
Velgam Vehera (also known as Vilgam Rajamaha Viharaya) (Sinhala: වෙල්ගම් වෙහෙර) is a historical Buddhist temple situated in Kanniya, Trincomalee District, Sri Lanka. It also known to Hindus as Natanar Kovil. Historically Velgam Vehera was one of important Buddhist temples in the country, worshiped by both Sinhala and Tamil Buddhists.

The temple has been declared as an archaeological protected site in Trincomalee District by Sri Lanka Archaeological Department.

Department of Archaeology (Sri Lanka)
The Department of Archaeology (Sinhala: පුරාවිද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව, romanized: Purāvidyā Depārtamēntuva, Tamil: தொல்பொருளியல் திணைக்களம், romanized: Tolporuḷiyal Tiṇaikkaḷam) is a non-ministerial government department in Sri Lanka responsible for managing the archaeological heritage.
Homewood, Knebworth
Homewood is an Arts and Crafts style country house in Knebworth, Hertfordshire, England. Designed and built by architect Edwin Lutyens around 1900–3, using a mixture of vernacular and Neo-Georgian architecture, it is a Grade II* listed building. The house was one of Lutyens' first experiments in the addition of classical features to his previously vernacular style, and the introduction of symmetry into his plans. The gardens, also designed by Lutyens, are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings. The register was set up by Historic England under the provisions of the National Heritage Act 1983. Over 1,600 sites are listed, ranging from the grounds of large stately homes to small domestic gardens, as well other designed landscapes such as town squares, public parks, and cemeteries. The register is published on the National Heritage List for England alongside other national heritage designations.
James Air
On 1 July 1978 Capital Air Services, established in 1970 as a subsidiary of the Wellington Aero Club, was rebranded as James Air. At the time of the rebranding Capital Air Services were using four Cessna 402 aircraft. The airline was based in Nelson, New Zealand.

Cessna 402
The Cessna 401 and 402 are a series of 6 to 10 seat, light twin-piston engine aircraft. All seats are easily removable so that the aircraft can be used in an all-cargo configuration. Neither the Cessna 401 nor the 402 were pressurized, nor were they particularly fast for the installed power. Instead, Cessna intended them to be inexpensive to purchase and operate.
Feel Good (Modestep song)
"Feel Good" is the debut single from London-based dubstep/electronic rock band Modestep, and the lead single from their debut album Evolution Theory. The single was released on 6 February 2011 in the United Kingdom as a digital download. The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 38.

Electronic rock
Electronic rock (also known as synth rock and electro rock) is a music genre that involves a combination of rock music and electronic music, featuring instruments typically found within both genres. It originates from the late 1960s when rock bands began incorporating electronic instrumentation into their music. Electronic rock acts usually fuse elements from other music styles, including punk rock, industrial rock, hip hop, techno and synth-pop, which has helped spur subgenres such as indietronica, dance-punk and electroclash.
Thomas Davis (Rhode Island politician)
Thomas Davis (December 18, 1806 – July 26, 1895) was a British-American manufacturer, politician and abolitionist. He was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and served in the Rhode Island State Senate and the Rhode Island House of Representatives.

Rhode Island Senate
The Rhode Island Senate is the upper house of the Rhode Island General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, the lower house being the Rhode Island House of Representatives. It is composed of 38 Senators, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Rhode Island is one of the 14 states where its upper house serves at a two-year cycle, rather than the normal four-year term as in most states. There is no limit to the number of terms that a Senator may serve. The Rhode Island Senate meets at the Rhode Island State Capitol in Providence.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, commissions and boards and Justices to the Rhode Island Judiciary.
Marquay Cottage
Marquay Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake, town of North Elba in Essex County, New York.  It was built in 1914 and is a rectangular 2+1⁄2-story dwelling of rusticated cast-concrete blocks with a gable roof and cross-gables. It features an octagonal corner tower with a pyramidal roof in the Queen Anne style.  It has a 12-by-6-foot (3.7 by 1.8 m) cure porch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Essex County, New York
Essex County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,381. Its county seat is the hamlet of Elizabethtown. Its name is from the English county of Essex. Essex is one of two counties that are entirely within the Adirondack Park, the other being Hamilton County. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.
Tattler (newsletter)
The Tattler, with the subtitle 'Newsletter for the East Asian - Australasian Flyway', is produced quarterly by the Australasian Wader Studies Group for distribution to its members and other interested people and organisations.  It is available both as hard-copy and online. From 2006 it became available in Chinese and Indonesian language versions, as well as in English.

East Asian–Australasian Flyway
The East Asian–Australasian Flyway is one of the world's great flyways of migratory birds. At its northernmost it stretches eastwards from the Taimyr Peninsula in Russia to Alaska. Its southern end encompasses Australia and New Zealand.  Between these extremes the flyway covers much of eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, South-East Asia and the western Pacific. The EAAF is home to over 50 million migratory water birds from over 250 different populations, including 32 globally threatened species and 19 near threatened species. It is especially important for the millions of migratory waders or shorebirds that breed in northern Asia and Alaska and spend the non-breeding season in South-East Asia and Australasia.
Royal Academy Exhibition of 1769
The Royal Academy Exhibition of 1769 was the inaugural art exhibition of the British Royal Academy of Arts. It was held in Pall Mall in London between 25 April and 27 May 1769. It was the first Annual Exhibition of the academy, establishing a tradition that has stretched into the twenty-first century.

Dominic Serres
Dominic Serres RA (born Dominique Serres; c. 1722 – 4 November 1793) was a French-born British painter who specialised in marine art. He co-founded the Royal Academy (RA) in 1768, and served as the RA's librarian from 1792 until his death.
Triathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's
The women's triathlon was part of the triathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event, which was established in 2000. The competition was held on Monday, August 18, 2008 at the Triathlon Venue at the Ming Tomb Reservoir in Shisanling. Fifty-five triathletes from thirty nations competed.

For the first time in Olympic history, all three medalists finished the race in less than two hours.

Ming Tombs Reservoir
The Ming Tombs Reservoir or the Shisanling Reservoir (十三陵水库) is a dam in Changping District of northern Beijing, China. Named for the Ming tombs nearby, it is the lower reservoir of the Shisanling Pumped Storage Power Station. The earth-fill embankment dam is 29 metres (95 ft) high and 627 metres (2,057 ft) long. The dam creates a reservoir that can store 59,000,000 cubic metres (2.083565337×109 cu ft) of water and contains a controlled chute spillway.
Henan Airlines Flight 8387
Henan Airlines Flight 8387 was a domestic flight operated by Henan Airlines from Harbin to Yichun, Heilongjiang. On the night of 24 August 2010, the Embraer E190 operating the route crashed on approach to Yichun Lindu Airport in fog. 44 of the 96 people on board were killed. This was the first hull loss and the first fatal accident involving the Embraer E190 and as of 2025, the deadliest.

The final investigation report, released in June 2012, concluded that the flight crew failed to observe safety procedures for operations in low visibility.

Civil Aviation Administration of China
The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) is the civil aviation authority of the People's Republic of China, under the Ministry of Transport. It oversees civil aviation and investigates aviation accidents and incidents. It is headquartered in Dongcheng, Beijing.

Before Deng Xiaoping's reform of separation of government and enterprise, the agency operated the CAAC Airlines with monopoly status from 1953 to 1987.
Sandy Bend, Washington
Sandy Bend is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington, south of the city of Castle Rock, west of Washington State Route 411, and to the west of the Cowlitz River. Sandy Bend is located along or near Sandy Bend Road between Castle Rock and West Side Highway. The Sandy Bend community is part of the Castle Rock School District, a K-12 school district of about 1,300 students.

Castle Rock, Washington
Castle Rock is a city in Cowlitz County, Washington, United States. Located between the Willapa Hills and the western base of Mount St. Helens, Castle Rock is at the heart of Washington timber country in the Pacific temperate rain forest. Castle Rock is part of the Longview, Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area; the population was 2,446 as of the 2020 census.
Behaidohor
Behaidohor (Bengali: বিহাইডহর) is a village in Bangladesh, located in Nij Bahadurpur Union, Barlekha Upazila, Moulvibazar District. The Behaidohor Hafijia Madrasha is an educational institution there.

The population of this village is 1,250 and consists mostly of Bengali Muslims of Sylheti descent. The village has a cemetery, the Behaidohor Central Graveyard, as well as a school called Behaidohor Government Primary School. There is a mosques in the village, called Behaidohor Jame Masjid and one eidgah, Behaidohor-Buali Central Eidgah.

Moulvibazar District
Moulvibazar District, (Bengali: মৌলভীবাজার জেলা) formerly South Sylhet  is the southeastern district of Sylhet Division in northeastern Bangladesh, named after the town of Moulvibazar. It is bordered by the Indian states of Tripura and Assam to the south and east, respectively; by the Bangladeshi districts of Habiganj to the west and Sylhet to the north.
Open Source Developers' Conference
The Open Source Developers' Conference (OSDC) was a non-profit conference for developers of open-source software. It was started in Australia in 2004, and later expanded to Israel, Taiwan, Malaysia, France and Norway, where conferences began in 2006, 2007, 2009, 2009 and 2015, respectively. No further conferences have been held since 2015.

The conference was open to talks about software developed for any platform or operating system so long as the talk was of interest to open-source developers. Talks about closed source projects which used open-source languages or open-source projects which used close source languages were accepted.  Talks have covered languages such as Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, Groovy, Scala, Java, Mono and C.  Other talks have covered open-source tools such as databases and revision control systems or meta-topics such as talk presentation hints, and working with others.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.