hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Breakers Point Naval Guns
The Breakers Point Naval Guns are a historic World War II-era defensive fortification on the island of Tutuila in American Samoa.  It consists of two 6-inch (150 mm) Mark 8 Model 2 naval guns, mounted on circular concrete platforms about 200-foot (61 m) above sea level at the end of Papatele Ridge, which flanks the east side of Pago Pago Harbor.  The guns, manufactured in 1907, were emplaced in 1941 amid fears of a Japanese invasion of the island, and were left in situ (albeit disabled) after invasion fears subsided.  They were brought to the site by an innovative railway system that used locally crafted rails fashioned out of ifil wood when steel rails were not available.  The guns are located on private family-owned land, but may be hiked to with permission.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Intsia bijuga
Intsia bijuga, commonly known as Borneo teak, ipil, merbau, Johnstone River teak, and kwila, amongst many other names, is a species of tree in the flowering plant family Fabaceae, native to coastal areas from east Africa, through India and Southeast Asia to Australia and the western Pacific. It has significant importance to indigenous cultures in many parts of its range, but is also threatened by illegal logging due to its high quality timber. It is most commonly found in tropical coastal forests.
Broomfield (surname)
Broomfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ayan Broomfield (born 1997), Canadian tennis player

Billy Broomfield (born 1945), American politician

Deon Broomfield (born 1991), American football player

Fred J. Broomfield (1860–1941), English-born Australian writer

Herbert Broomfield (1878–unknown), English footballer

Jack Broomfield (1865–1927), African-American community leader in the early 20th century

Jody Broomfield (born 1976), Canadian artist

John Broomfield (1889–1981), Canadian politician

John Calvin Broomfield (1872–1950), Bishop of the Methodist Protestant Church in the United States

Matthew Broomfield (fl. 1550), Welsh poet

Maurice Broomfield (1916–2010), British industrial photographer

Nick Broomfield (born 1948), English documentary filmmaker

Nigel Broomfield (1937–2018), British ambassador

Robert C. Broomfield (1933–2014), United States judge

William Broomfield (1922–2019), American politician

Matthew Brwmffild
Matthew Brwmffild (fl. 1525–1545) was a Welsh poet. He is believed to have been from the Maelor area.

Around 1520 he wrote a number of poems in praise of Rhisiart ap Rhys ap Dafydd Llwyd, of Gogerddan, and in 1539, of Rhys ap Howel of Porthamyl, Anglesey. His other subjects include Lewis Gwynn (died c.1552), and Siôn Wynn ap Meredith of Gwydyr (died c. 1559).
  All but one of his poems fell under the awdl, cywyddau and englynion genres. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography reports that about twenty poems by him are recorded.
IP over Avian Carriers
In computer networking, IP over Avian Carriers (IPoAC) is a humorous but ostensibly functional proposal to carry Internet Protocol (IP) traffic by birds such as homing pigeons.  IP over Avian Carriers was initially described in RFC 1149 issued by the Internet Engineering Task Force, written by David Waitzman, and released on April 1, 1990.  It is one of several April Fools' Day Request for Comments.

Waitzman described an improvement of his protocol in RFC 2549, IP over Avian Carriers with Quality of Service (1 April 1999).  Later, in RFC 6214—released on 1 April 2011, and 13 years after the introduction of IPv6—Brian Carpenter and Robert Hinden published Adaptation of RFC 1149 for IPv6.

IPoAC has been successfully implemented, but for only nine packets of data, with a packet loss ratio of 55% (due to operator error), and a response time ranging from 3,000 seconds (50 min) to over 6,000 seconds (100 min). Thus, this technology suffers from extremely high latency.

Round-trip delay
In telecommunications, round-trip delay (RTD) or round-trip time (RTT) is the amount of time it takes for a signal to be sent plus the amount of time it takes for acknowledgement of that signal having been received. This time delay includes propagation times for the paths between the two communication endpoints. In the context of computer networks, the signal is typically a data packet. RTT is commonly used interchangeably with ping time, which can be determined with the ping command. However, ping time may differ from experienced RTT with other protocols since the payload and priority associated with ICMP messages used by ping may differ from that of other traffic.

End-to-end delay is the length of time it takes for a signal to travel in one direction and is often approximated as half the RTT.
George Henry Cherry
George Cherry (30 August 1793 – 6 January 1848) was a Member of Parliament for Dunwich from 1820 to 1826.

Between 1829 and 1830 he was the High Sheriff of Berkshire when he was living at Denford Park.

His father, George Frederick Cherry was British Resident at Oudh, murdered by Wazir Ali Khan in 1799. One of his sons, George Cherry, was an English cricketer. Another son Major General Apsley Cherry-Garrard was the father of the polar explorer Apsley Cherry-Garrard.

Apsley Cherry-Garrard
Apsley George Benet Cherry-Garrard (2 January 1886 – 18 May 1959) was an English explorer of Antarctica. He was a member of the Terra Nova expedition and is acclaimed for his 1922 account of this expedition, The Worst Journey in the World.
Compulsory purchase order
A compulsory purchase order (CPO; Irish: Ordú Ceannach Éigeantach, Welsh: Gorchymyn prynu gorfodol) is a legal function in the United Kingdom and Ireland that allows certain bodies to obtain land or property without the consent of the owner. It may be enforced if a proposed development is considered one for public betterment; for example, when building motorways where a landowner does not want to sell. Similarly, if town councils wish to develop a town centre, they may issue compulsory purchase orders. CPOs can also be used to acquire historic buildings in order to preserve them from neglect.

Compensation rights usually include the value of the property, costs of acquiring and moving to a new property, and sometimes additional payments. Costs of professional advice regarding compensation are usually reimbursed by the authority, so that people affected by a compulsory purchase order can seek advice from a solicitor and a surveyor and expect to be reimbursed.

Town council
A town council, city council or municipal council is a form of local government generally found in small to medium-sized municipalities or districts. The exact usage of these terms varies across different jurisdictions.
Lavett Bluff
Lavett Bluff (53°11′S 73°32′E﻿ / ﻿53.183°S 73.533°E﻿ / -53.183; 73.533) is a rock bluff between Deacock Glacier and Fiftyone Glacier on the south side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. It was surveyed in 1948 by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) and named "Cape Lavett" for Lieutenant John L. Lavett, Royal Australian Navy, one of the officers on HMAS Labuan, the relief ship for the expedition. Further ANARE exploration led to revision of the name in 1964 to Lavett Bluff.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Toum
Salsat toum (Arabic for 'garlic sauce'), also known as toumiya (Arabic: ثومية) or simply toum (ثوم  ṯūm 'garlic'), is a garlic sauce common to the Levant. It is similar to the Provençal aioli. There are many variations; a common one contains garlic, salt, olive oil or vegetable oil, and lemon juice, traditionally crushed together using a wooden mortar and pestle. There is also a popular variation in Lebanon where mint is added; it is called zeit wa toum ('oil and garlic').

Salsat toum is used as a dip, especially with french fries, chicken, and artichoke, and in Levantine sandwiches, especially those containing chicken. It is also commonly served with grilled chicken dishes, and can be served with almost any meat dish.

Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. Soybean oil, canola oil, grapeseed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, or fats from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of fats from other parts of plants. In common usage, vegetable oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at room temperature. Vegetable oils are usually edible and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Statue of Yuriy Dolgorukiy, Moscow
The Statue of Yuriy Dolgorukiy is an equestrian statue which commemorates the founding of Moscow in 1147 by Yuriy Dolgorukiy (1099 – 1157). Dolgorukiy was the Grand Prince (Velikiy Knyaz) of the Kievan Rus' (Kiev) and a member of the Rurik dynasty. On 6 June 1954, the statue was erected on Soviet Square (now Tverskaya Square), located in front of the Mossoviet building (now the building of the Mayor of Moscow). The sculptors were Sergei Mikhailovich Orlov, A. P. Antropov, and Nicholay Lvovich Shtamm. The architectural design was by Viktor Semenovich Andreyev. The statue replaced the Monument to the Soviet Constitution, which had been demolished in 1941.

Equestrian statue
An equestrian statue is a statue of a rider mounted on a horse, from the Latin eques, meaning 'knight', deriving from equus, meaning 'horse'. A statue of a riderless horse is strictly an equine statue. A full-sized equestrian statue is a difficult and expensive object for any culture to produce, and figures have typically been portraits of rulers or, in the Renaissance and more recently, military commanders.

Although there are outliers, the form is essentially a tradition in Western art, used for imperial propaganda by the Roman emperors, with a significant revival in Italian Renaissance sculpture, which continued across Europe in the Baroque, as mastering the large-scale casting of bronze became more widespread, and later periods.

Statues at well under life-size have been popular in various materials, including porcelain, since the Renaissance. The riders in these may not be portraits, but figures from classical mythology or generic figures such as Native Americans.
Saenura
Saenura is a genus of moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It contains only one species, Saenura flava, which can be found in southern Africa. It is sometimes known as the yellow ermine.

The larvae feed on Tagetes erecta, Senecio species, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tomentosa, Tephrosia species, Acacia mearnsii, Ornithogalium eckloni, Protea multibracteata, Rubus pinnotus, Smilax species and Lantana species.

Tagetes erecta
Tagetes erecta, the Aztec marigold, Mexican marigold, big marigold, cempaxochitl or cempasúchil, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tagetes native to Mexico and Central America. Despite being native to the Americas, it is often called the African marigold. In Mexico, this plant is found in the wild in the states of México, Michoacán, Puebla, Veracruz and Guerrero.

This plant reaches heights of between 20 and 90 cm (7.9 and 35.4 in). The Aztecs gathered the wild plant as well as cultivating it for medicinal, ceremonial and decorative purposes; it was introduced to Europe after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire and colonization: 7  and became widely cultivated commercially with many cultivars in use as ornamental plants, and for the cut-flower trade.

Some authorities regard Tagetes patula (the French marigold) as a synonym of Tagetes erecta.
Arthur Richard Dillon
Arthur Richard Dillon (1721–1806) was archbishop of Narbonne in France. He was the youngest son of Arthur Dillon, Count Dillon, who came to France with Mountcashel's Irish Brigade. At the French Revolution he refused the civil constitution of the clergy and fled first to Coblenz and then to London.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Stephan Leyhe
Stephan Leyhe (German pronunciation: [ʃtɛfan laɪɛ]; born 5 January 1992) is a German ski jumper and representative of the SC Willingen club. Team silver (2018) and bronze (2022) Olympic medalist, gold medalist of the 2019 Nordic Ski World Championships, silver medalist of the 2016 Ski Flying World Championships and the 2010 and 2011 Junior World Championships.

Leyhe made his World Cup debut in Engelberg on 20 December 2014. To date he has won one individual competition on 8 February 2020 in Willingen, where he comes from, as well as a third-place overall finish at the 2018–19 Four Hills Tournament.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2019
The 41st FIS Nordic World Ski Championships were held from 20 February to 3 March 2019 in Seefeld in Tirol, Tyrol, Austria. It was the second time Seefeld in Tirol hosted the world championships, the event having been hosted there previously in 1985.
Van der Made
van der Made is a Dutch toponymic surname. The name is first found in the records of a crusade in the 11th century. Bartolomeus van der Made donated land in the mid 14th century to what is now the Oude Kerk in Delft. "Van der Made" means "from the meadow", but the name is also particularly common around the village Made in North Brabant.

People with the name "van der Made" include:

Sacco van der Made (1918–1997), Dutch actor

Simon van Groenewegen van der Made (1613–1652), Dutch jurist

Tilly van der Made (1938–2019), Dutch middle-distance runner

People with the concatenated version Vandermade include:

Jordan Vandermade (born 1987), New Zealand television presenter

Lenny Vandermade (born 1981), American football coach

A street in Amsterdam is named van der Madeweg and a metro station is in turn named after that street.

Oude Kerk (Delft)
The Oude Kerk (Old Church), nicknamed Oude Jan ("Old John") and Scheve Jan ("Skewed John"), is a Gothic Protestant church in the old city center of Delft, the Netherlands. Its most recognizable feature is a 75-meter-high brick tower that leans about two meters from the vertical.
Chigali
Chigali is a popular tangy tamarind treat usually made in Southern India, especially in the state of Karnataka. Chigali is also referred to as Imli ki Goli in Northern India. Chigali has become popular in recent days when a company, Havenow Foodtech Pvt. Ltd., introduced it widely into the Indian FMCG market with a brand of "Chicley".

Fast-moving consumer goods
Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) are products that are sold quickly and at a relatively low cost. Examples include non-durable household goods such as packaged foods, beverages, toiletries, candies, cosmetics, over-the-counter drugs, dry goods, and other consumables.

Fast-moving consumer goods have a high inventory turnover and are contrasted with specialty items, which have lower sales and higher inventory holding costs. Many retailers carry only FMCGs, particularly hypermarkets, big box stores, and warehouse club stores. Small convenience stores also stock fast-moving goods; the limited shelf space is filled with higher-turnover items.
Royal Applause
Royal Applause (24 February 1993 – 24 December 2022) was a British Champion Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was undefeated in four races as a two-year-old in 1995, including the Group One Middle Park Stakes, the Group Two Gimcrack Stakes and the Group Three Coventry Stakes. He was rated the second best colt of the year behind Alhaarth. After a disappointing three-year-old season, he returned as a four-year-old in 1997 to become European Champion Sprinter, when he won four of his seven races including the Group One Haydock Sprint Cup, the Group Three Duke of York Stakes, and the Group Three Cork and Orrery Stakes (now a Group One race). He went on to become a successful stallion and was based at the Royal Studs at Sandringham, Norfolk.

Coventry Stakes
The Coventry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.
Kailash Choudhary
Kailash Choudhary (born 20 September 1973) is an Indian politician who is Former Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare in Second Modi ministry. He is Former Member of Parliament from Barmer.

Barmer Lok Sabha constituency
Barmer Lok Sabha constituency (Hindi pronunciation: [baːɽ.meːɾ]) is one of the 25 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Rajasthan state in western India. It is the second largest parliamentary constituency covering an area of 71,601 km2, over twice the size of Belgium.  Jaisalmer and Barmer, the third and fifth largest districts in India, both fall under this Lok Sabha seat.

Former Defense Minister Jaswant Singh contested from this seat as a rebel BJP candidate in 2014. His son Manvendra Singh has also contested a few times from here.
Salimu
Salimu is a village on the island of Upolu in Samoa. It is situated on the north east coast of the island and is one of the main centres of the political district of Va'a-o-Fonoti.

The population is 65.

Vaʻa-o-Fonoti
Vaʻa-o-Fonoti is a district on the north east coast of Upolu Island in Samoa, with a population (2016 Census) of 1,621, making it the least populated district in the country and the Second smallest one by area after Aiga-i-le-Tai.

The district is 38 km2 and consists of a main area around Fagaloa Bay with nine villages and a small coastal exclave about 10 km further northwest, with the village of Faleāpuna (pop. 582). The district includes areas with significant conservation and cultural values. Vaʻa-o-Fonoti geographical boundaries are surrounded by the larger district of Atua. The capital of Vaʻa-o-Fonoti is Samamea.

The small settlement of Uafato is part of the Uafato Conservation Area, a project started by the villagers in the early 1990s, to protect their environment from logging. The area has gained a reputation in the last decade for woodcarving and traditional arts and crafts in Samoa.
Apostolic Vicariate of Unyanyembe
The Vicariate Apostolic of Unyanyembe (Latin: Vicariatus Apostolicus Unianyembensis) was an Apostolic vicariate located in German East Africa.  It was promoted to the Diocese of Tabora in 1925 and to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tabora in 1953.

German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; German: Deutsch-Ostafrika DOA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique. GEA's area was 994,996 km2 (384,170 sq mi), which is nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time.

The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately the territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a mandate of the League of Nations.
Wenkbach
Wenkbach is a village in Hesse, Germany and part of the municipality of Weimar (Lahn). It is situated 10 km south of Marburg and 20 km north of Gießen. Wenkbach has about 680 inhabitants.

Among other buildings in the village worth seeing are the old church in Wenkbach. It is also worth a visit, as are the half-timbered houses to be found in the old centre of the village.

50°44′42″N 8°42′57″E﻿ / ﻿50.74500°N 8.71583°E﻿ / 50.74500; 8.71583

Marburg
Marburg (/ˈmɑːrbʊərk/; German: [ˈmaːɐ̯bʊʁk] or [ˈmaʁbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a university town in the German state (Land) of Hesse and the capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (Landkreis). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximately 76,000.

Having been awarded town privileges in 1222, Marburg served as capital of the landgraviate of Hessen-Marburg during periods of the 15th to 17th centuries. The University of Marburg was founded in 1527 and dominates the public life in the town to this day.

Marburg is a historic centre of the pharmaceutical industry in Germany, and there is a plant in the town (by BioNTech) to produce vaccines to tackle COVID-19.
2018–19 Welsh Alliance League
The 2018–19 Welsh Alliance League, known as the Lock Stock Welsh Alliance League for sponsorship reasons, marked the 35th season of the Welsh Alliance League, comprising two divisions that represent the third and fourth levels of the Welsh football pyramid.

There were fifteen teams in each division, with the champions of Division 1 promoted to the newly established FAW Championship North & Mid, while the bottom two teams faced relegation to Division 2. In Division 2, the champions and runners-up were promoted to Division 1. No team was relegated from Division 2, as Meliden resigned from the Welsh Alliance League at the end of the season.

The season began on 11 August 2018 and concluded on 18 May 2019.

Welsh football league system
The Welsh football league system (or pyramid) is a series of football leagues with regular promotion and relegation between them.

It consists of four main tiers, as well as lower local leagues.

While most Welsh clubs play in the Welsh pyramid and most clubs in that pyramid are Welsh, five Welsh clubs play in English leagues, and four English clubs play in Welsh leagues.
Etoile mine
The Etoile Mine (also known as L'Etoile du Congo Mine, Kalukuluku, or Star of the Congo Mine) is an open-pit copper mine on the outskirts of Lubumbashi in Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Chemaf (Chemical of Africa) owns the license. Chemaf is 95% owned by Shalina Resources and 5% by the DRC government.

Katanga Province
Katanga was one of the four large provinces created in the Belgian Congo in 1914.
It was one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko when Congo was known as Zaire), its official name was Shaba Province.

Katanga's area encompassed 497,000 square kilometres (192,000 sq mi). Farming and ranching are carried out on the Katanga Plateau. The eastern part of the province is a rich mining region which supplies cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds. The region's former capital, Lubumbashi, is the second-largest city in the Congo.
Mark Knowles
Mark Knowles (born 4 September 1971) is a Bahamian former professional tennis player and coach. He is a former world No. 1 in doubles. He won three of the four Grand Slam tournaments in men's doubles, partnering with Daniel Nestor, as well as Wimbledon in mixed doubles. At various times between 2002 and 2005 he was ranked World No. 1 in doubles. He is a five-time Olympian.

Types of tennis match
Traditionally, tennis is played between two people in a singles match, or two pairs in a doubles match. Tennis can also be played on different courts, including grass courts, clay courts,  hard courts, and artificial grass courts.