hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
When Money Dies
When Money Dies: The Nightmare of Deficit Spending, Devaluation, and Hyperinflation in Weimar Germany is a 1975 book by British journalist, historian, and politician Adam Fergusson, describing the hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic of the early 1920s, and in particular the final collapse of the Papiermark in 1923 Originally published by W. Kimber, the book was reissued in 2010 by PublicAffairs and received renewed interest following the 2008 financial crisis.

Papiermark
The Papiermark (German: [paˈpiːɐ̯ˌmaʁk] ⓘ; lit. 'paper mark') was a derisive term for the Mark (sign: ℳ︁) after it went off the gold standard, and most specifically with the era of hyperinflation in Germany of 1922 and 1923.  Formally, the same German mark was used from 1871 to 1923.  Like many countries, Germany departed the gold standard due to the outbreak of World War I, and stopped issuing gold coins backed in marks in August 1914.  Precious metals rapidly disappeared from circulation, and inflation occurred as paper money was used to cover war debts in 1914 to 1918.  Still, the papiermark is more associated with the early Weimar Republic era, when inflation grew out of control.  By the time the mark was retired from circulation and renominated in December 1923, banknotes had amounts in the billions and trillions of marks by face value.
Helgi Abrahamsen
Helgi Abrahamsen (born 24 November 1966) is a Faroese journalist and politician of the conservative-liberal Union Party. He was a member of Løgting from 2008 to 2015. He lost his seat in the 2015 election but was re-elected in 2019. He was the Minister of Environment, Industry and Trade from 2019 until he stepped down and was replaced by Magnus Rasmussen in 2021.

2019 Faroese general election
General elections were held in the Faroe Islands on 31 August 2019. The elections resulted in the defeat of Aksel V. Johannesen's coalition government consisting of the Social Democrats, Republic, and Progress. Following the elections, a new coalition government was formed by Union Party leader Bárður á Steig Nielsen, consisting of the Union Party, the People's Party and the Centre Party, which won 17 of the 33 seats.

According to political scientist Lise Lyck, the main election issues were public finances (welfare, taxes and public coffers), recent reforms of the fishing sector and same-sex marriage.
Frédéric Rusanganwa
Frédéric Rusanganwa (born 4 April 1980) is a Rwandan footballer. He played in two matches for the Rwanda national football team from 2002 to 2004. He was also named in Rwanda's squad for the 2004 African Cup of Nations tournament.

Rwanda national football team
The Rwanda national football team represents Rwanda in international football and is controlled by the Rwandese Association Football Federation, the governing body of football in Rwanda, and competes as a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF), as well as the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations (CECAFA), a CAF sub-confederation that governs football in East and Central Africa. The team bears the nickname Amavubi (Kinyarwanda for The Wasps), and primarily plays its home games at the Stade Amahoro in Kigali, the nation's capital. They have never qualified for a World Cup finals, and reached their only Africa Cup of Nations in 2004.
Taiwan bamboo partridge
The Taiwan bamboo partridge (Bambusicola sonorivox) is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is endemic to Taiwan.  It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Chinese bamboo partridge.

It has several onomatopoeic names known among Taiwanese indigenous peoples: tkurih (Seediq and Truku), tikulhat (Thao), tikulas (Bunun), tjikulai (Paiwan), and tikolac (Amis).

Amis language
Amis (Sowal no 'Amis or Pangcah) is a Formosan language of the Amis (or Ami), an indigenous people living along the east coast of Taiwan. The largest of the Formosan languages, it is spoken from Hualien in the north to Taitung in the south, with another population in the Hengchun Peninsula near the southern end of the island, though the northern varieties are considered to be separate languages.

Government services in counties where many Amis people live in Taiwan, such as the Hualien and Taitung railway stations, broadcast in Amis alongside Mandarin. However, few Amis under the age of 20 in 1995 spoke the language. It is not known how many of the 200,000 ethnic Amis speak the language, but overall a third of the aboriginal Taiwanese population does.
Jean-Rémy Palanque
Jean-Rémy Palanque (7 March 1898 in Marseille – 2 June 1988, Aix-en-Provence) was a professor of ancient history at the Faculty of Letters at Montpellier, then at the University of Aix-en-Provence.

He was a member of the Institute, the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (elected 15 November 1968) and president of the Society of Religious History of France. He contributed, with Henri-Irénée Marrou, to the renewal of the historical interpretation of the Roman Empire and early Christianity. He has translated and completed in French the works by the Austrian historian Ernst Stein, who was devoted to the history of late antiquity. He was awarded the Medal of the Resistance in 1945.
He died in Aix-en-Provence on 2 June 1988

Institut de France
The Institut de France (French for 'Institute of France'; French: [ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s]) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the institute on the recommendation of the académies.
Two-Fisted Rangers
Two-Fisted Rangers is a 1939 American Western film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and written by Fred Myton. The film stars Charles Starrett, Iris Meredith, Bob Nolan, Kenneth MacDonald, Dick Curtis and Wally Wales. The film was released on December 13, 1939, by Columbia Pictures.

Fred Myton
Fred Myton (November 15, 1885 – June 6, 1955) was an American screenwriter. He wrote 168 films between 1916 and 1952, mostly low-budget "B" pictures for Poverty Row studios and independent producers. He wrote many films for Producers Releasing Corporation.
UNC Lenoir Health Care
UNC Health Lenoir is a not-for-profit hospital located in Kinston, North Carolina. The hospital is licensed for 199 beds and serves the residents of Lenoir, Greene and Jones and other surrounding counties. The hospital is staffed with over 100 physicians. The hospital offers inpatient, outpatient and preventive healthcare services. In addition, the hospital offers free educational health programs, seminars, and screenings. General services include general medical, surgical, obstetrical and gynecological care. Specialized services include cardiology, pulmonology, oncology, radiology, urology, orthopedics and orthopedic sports medicine, bariatric surgery and vascular surgery

In 1986, the Lenoir Memorial Foundation was established.

In 1965, the old Lenoir Memorial Hospital was outdated and too small to serve the growing community of Kinston and Lenoir County, and expansion or renovation was deemed unsatisfactory. In June 1973, a new $11 million, 435-bed facility opened.

Vascular surgery
Vascular surgery is a surgical subspecialty in which vascular diseases involving the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels, are managed by medical therapy, minimally-invasive catheter procedures and surgical reconstruction. The specialty evolved from general and cardiovascular surgery where it refined the management of just the vessels, no longer treating the heart or other organs. Modern vascular surgery includes open surgery techniques, endovascular (minimally invasive) techniques and medical management of vascular diseases – unlike the parent specialities. The vascular surgeon is trained in the diagnosis and management of diseases affecting all parts of the vascular system excluding the coronaries and intracranial vasculature. Vascular surgeons also are called to assist other physicians to carry out surgery near vessels, or to salvage vascular injuries that include hemorrhage control, dissection, occlusion or simply for safe exposure of vascular structures.
Tommy Lindholm
Tommy Lindholm (born 3 February 1947) is a Finnish former footballer. He was the head coach of the Finland national football team from 1993 to 1994. He also coached TPS (1978, 1986–1988, 1991) and HJK (1996).

He earned 43 caps at international level between 1965 and 1974, scoring 11 goals.

At club level Lindholm played for PIF, TuTo, TPS, HIFK, Reipas, Beşiktaş and TuPa.

HIFK
HIFK, the Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna, Helsingfors (IFK, Helsingfors) rf (officially abbreviated IFK Helsingfors, colloquially often Helsingfors IFK or Helsingin IFK) is a multi-sport association based in Helsinki, Finland. Formed in 1897 on the initiative of Georges Doubitsky and fellow students of the Svenska Reallyceum, the Swedish lyceum in Helsinki, it is the oldest continuously operating Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna (IFK) organization in Finland. HIFK has sections in many sports, including athletics, bandy, bowling, football, ice hockey, and handball.
Chiang Mai Flower Festival
The Chiang Mai Flower Festival (Thai: มหกรรม ไม้ ดอกไม้ ประดับ จังหวัด เชียงใหม่) is an annual celebration held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, that showcases a variety of flowers and ornamental plants. The event marks the transition from the cool season, over three days on the first weekend of February. It features prominent displays of yellow and white chrysanthemums and damask roses, which are unique to the region.

Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to mums or chrysanths, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.
Gepard-class fast attack craft
The Type 143A Gepard class was a class of missile bearing fast attack craft (German: Schnellboot) and the last one in service with the German Navy before the remaining four operational ships were decommissioned on 16 November 2016.

It is an evolution of the Albatros class, the main difference being the replacement of the second 76 mm gun by the RAM system. The Gepard-class vessels were gradually supplemented by Braunschweig-class corvettes and later replaced completely by them.

The ships in class were named after small to medium-sized predatory animals; Gepard is German for "cheetah".

German Navy
The German Navy (German: Deutsche Marine, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə maˈʁiːnə] ⓘ) is part of the unified Bundeswehr (Federal Defense), the German Armed Forces. The German Navy was originally known as the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy) from 1956 to 1995, when Deutsche Marine (German Navy) became the official name with respect to the 1990 incorporation of the East German Volksmarine (People's Navy). It is deeply integrated into the NATO alliance. Its primary mission is protection of Germany's territorial waters and maritime infrastructure as well as sea lines of communication. Apart from this, the German Navy participates in peacekeeping operations, and renders humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. It also participates in anti-piracy operations.
MasterChef (Brazilian TV series) season 12
The twelfth season of the Brazilian competitive reality television series MasterChef  premiered on May 27, 2025, at 10:30 / 9:30 p.m. (BRT / AMT) on Band.

Érick Jacquin, Helena Rizzo, and Henrique Fogaça returned as judges. Ana Paula Padrão did not return as host and was not replaced; instead, her role was jointly assumed by the three judges, while actress Bruna Thedy took over the show's narration and voice-overs, previously done by Padrão in past seasons.

The grand prize is R$350.000, a scholarship on Le Cordon Bleu, R$50.000 courtesy by iFood plus a specialized consultancy for the winner's future restaurant, a shop card on Havan worth R$30.000, R$100.000 courtesy by Asaas and the MasterChef trophy.

Lawyer Daniela Dantas won the competition over barman Felipe Bruzzi on September 2, 2025.

IFood
iFood is a Brazilian online food ordering and food delivery platform, currently operating in Brazil and previously in Colombia. The company holds over 80% market share of the food delivery sector in Brazil. It is owned by Dutch-based Prosus (part of Naspers) and its Brazilian investment firm Movile.

It merged its businesses in Argentina and Colombia with rivals PedidosYa in August 2018 and Domicilios.com in March 2021 respectively, brands of Delivery Hero which is also owned by Prosus. It operated as SinDelantal in Mexico until December 2020.

Currently, iFood holds 83% of the meal delivery market in Brazil and is the subject of proceedings by CADE. A survey by the Brazilian Association of Bars and Restaurants (ABRASEL) pointed out that orders made by the platform are on average 17.5% more expensive for the consumer, compared to the same order made directly at the restaurant.
2010 Qatar Open – Singles
Nikolay Davydenko defeated Rafael Nadal in the final, 0–6, 7–6(10–8), 6–4, saving two championship points in the 2nd set tiebreak.

Andy Murray was the defending champion, but chose not to participate this year.

Mikhail Kukushkin
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kukushkin (Russian: Михаил Александрович Кукушкин; born 26 December 1987) is a Russian-born Kazakhstani professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 39, achieved on 25 February 2019.
19th Infantry Division "Venezia"
The 19th Infantry Division "Venezia" (Italian: 19ª Divisione di fanteria "Venezia") was a infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Venezia was classified as a mountain infantry division, which meant that the division's artillery was moved by pack mules instead of the horse-drawn carriages of line infantry divisions. Italy's real mountain warfare divisions were the six alpine divisions manned by Alpini mountain troops. The division was named for the city of Venice and based in Tuscany, from where it also recruited most of its troops. After the Armistice of Cassibile between the Allies and Italy was announced on 8 September 1943 the division joined the Yugoslav partisans in Montenegro and formed the Partisan Division "Garibaldi".

Korçë
Korçë (pronounced [ˈkɔɾtʃə]; Albanian definite form: Korça) is the eighth most populous city of Albania and the seat of Korçë County and Korçë Municipality. The total population of the city is 51,152 and 75,994 of Korçë municipality (2011 census), in a total area of 806 km2 (311 sq mi). It stands on a plateau some 850 m (2,789 ft) above sea level, surrounded by the Morava Mountains.

The area of the Old Bazaar, including Mirahori Mosque, is considered as the urban core of the city. Founded by the local Ottoman Albanian nobleman Ilias Bey Mirahori, the urban area of Korçë dates back to the late 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century, however its actual physiognomy was realized in the 19th century, during a period that corresponds with the rapid growth and development of the city. The Old Bazaar has played a dominant role in Albania's market history. Korçë is the largest city of eastern Albania and an important cultural and industrial centre.
Sander (name)
The masculine given name Sander is a variant of Alexander, used in the Dutch-speaking areas of Europe (chiefly the Netherlands and northern Belgium), as well as Norway and Estonia. As of 1 January 2021, it is the 34th most common masculine given name in Estonia. The feminine version is Sandra; there is another masculine version in some countries: Sandro.

WtFOCK
WtFOCK (stylised as wtFOCK, pronounced as wha-teh-fock) is a Flemish teen drama web series broadcast by Play4 that follows the lives of teenagers in Antwerp. Broadcast was then taken over by Belgian streaming services Play More, Streamz, and GoPlay in preceding years. It is an adaptation of the popular Norwegian series SKAM. By the end of the first season, it was reported that around 100,000 people were watching wtFOCK every week. When the show returned with a sixth season, featuring a new cast and original storylines, it was estimated that wtFOCK episodes had been streamed over 3 million times since their release.
Mitsubishi 4M4 engine
The Mitsubishi 4M4 engine is a range of four-cylinder diesel piston engines from Mitsubishi Motors, first introduced in the second generation of their Montero/Pajero/Shogun SUVs. They superseded the previous 4D5 engine family, main differences are enlarged displacements and the utilization of one or two over-head camshafts. Originally available only as a 2835 cc intercooled turbo, detail improvements in 1996 and a larger 3.2 litre option in 1999 served to improve power, torque, fuel economy and emissions. The final version has 3.0 litres swept volume and Common rail direct injection.

Power (physics)
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt (symbol W), equal to one joule per second (J/s). Power is a scalar quantity.

The output power of a motor is the product of the torque that the motor generates and the angular velocity of its output shaft.  Likewise, the power dissipated in an electrical element of a circuit is the product of the current flowing through the element and of the voltage across the element.
Golasecca
Golasecca (Varesotto: Vorasecca or Gorasecca) is a town and comune in the province of Varese, Lombardy (Northern Italy).

It has given its name to the Golasecca culture, a prehistoric civilization who lived in the Ticino River area from the Bronze Age until the 1st century BC.

Varesino dialect
Varesino, Varesotto or Bosin (from the name of storytellers; see bosinada) is a dialect of Western Lombard language spoken in the Central province of Varese. The Northern side speaks more Ticinese than Bosin. The Southern side speaks more Bustocco.
Soul Rush (horse)
Soul Rush (Japanese: ソウルラッシュ, Hepburn: Souru Rasshu; foaled March 28, 2018) is a retired Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his victories in the 2024 Mile Championship and the 2025 Dubai Turf. He won the JRA Award for Best Sprinter or Miler in 2024.

Hong Kong Mile
The Hong Kong Mile is a Group 1 flat horse race in Hong Kong which is open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile) at Sha Tin, taking place each year in mid-December.

The race was first run in 1991, and was originally titled the Hong Kong International Bowl. Its distance was initially set at 1,400 metres. The event's present title and distance were both introduced in 1999, and the following year it was promoted to Group 1 status.

The Hong Kong Mile is one of the four Hong Kong International Races, and it presently offers a purse of HK$32,000,000 (approximately US$4 million).
Mari Waraichan
Mari Waraichan is a village in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located in Gujrat District at 32 38' 37" north and 74 17' 55" east, near the bank of the river Chenab. Most of the population there are Jats. Most of the population earn their livelihood by land farming and dairy farming.

Chenab River
The Chenab River is a major river in India and Pakistan, and one of the five major rivers associated with the Punjab region. It is formed by the union of two headwaters, the Chandra and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Chenab then flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, where it joins the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River at Mithankot.

The waters of the Chenab were allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. India is allowed non-consumptive uses such as power generation. The Chenab River is extensively used in Pakistan for irrigation. Its waters are also transferred to the channel of the Ravi River via numerous link canals.
Utakura River
The Utakura River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows west from its sources northwest of Kaikohe, reaching the Waihou River at the point where it widens to become an arm of the Hokianga Harbour.

Long and short-fin eels, smelt, īnanga, torrentfish and redfin bully live in the river. The river is assessed as fair, in a scale between good and poor, as it  suffers from turbidity and e-coli and phosphorus pollution.

New Zealand longfin eel
The New Zealand longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) is a species of freshwater eel that is endemic to New Zealand. It is the largest freshwater eel in New Zealand and the only endemic species – the other eels found in New Zealand are the native shortfin eel (Anguilla australis), also found in Australia, and the naturally introduced Australian longfin eel (Anguilla reinhardtii). Longfin eels are long-lived, migrating to the Pacific Ocean near Tonga to breed at the end of their lives. They are good climbers as juveniles and so are found in streams and lakes a long way inland. An important traditional food source for Māori (who name them ōrea), longfin eel numbers are declining and they are classified as endangered, but over one hundred tonnes are still commercially fished each year.
William MacKennal
Christianity portal

The Ven   William Leavers MacKennal  (2 February 1881 – 20 June 1947) was an eminent Anglican priest in the first half of the 20th century.

He was educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1908 and held curacies at Great St Mary's, Cambridge and St George, Dunster. A Chaplain to the Forces from 1915 to 1918, when peace returned he held incumbencies at Compton Martin, Chesterton, Cambridge, Kirkby Lonsdale and Hitchin. He became Archdeacon of Ely in 1942, a post he held until his death.

Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge
St Mary the Great is a Church of England parish and university church at the north end of King's Parade in central Cambridge, England. It is known locally as Great St Mary's or simply GSM to distinguish it from "Little St Mary's". It is one of the Greater Churches. It is designated by Historic England as a Grade I listed building.

In addition to being a parish church in the Diocese of Ely, it is the university church for the University of Cambridge. As such it has a role in the university's legislation. For example, university officers must live within 20 miles of Great St Mary's and undergraduates within three. The church also hosts the "University Sermons" and houses the University Organ and the University Clock. The latter chimes the "Cambridge Quarters" which were later used by the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament ("Big Ben").
Constantin Agiu
Constantin Agiu (November 5, 1891, Dolj County – February 19, 1961, Gura Humorului) was a Romanian Communist politician; he was also President of the Great National Assembly, the unicameral legislature of the Romanian People's Republic.

Gura Humorului
Gura Humorului (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌɡura huˈmoruluj]; Hebrew and Yiddish: גורה חומורולוי - Gure Humuruluei or גורא הומאָרא - Gura Humora; German and Polish: Gura Humora or Gurahumora) is a town in Suceava County, northeastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina.

Gura Humorului is the seventh largest urban settlement in the county, with a population of 13,278 inhabitants, according to the 2021 census. It was declared a town in 1904 and it became a resort in 2005. The town administers the former village of Voroneț (which became a neighborhood), site of Voroneț Monastery.