hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Britstown
Britstown is a small farming town situated in the Northern Cape province of South Africa, in the Pixley ka Seme District Municipality, Emthanjeni Local Municipality. The town is named after Hans Brits who settled here after he accompanied David Livingstone on a venture into the interior.

Britstown lies in the heart of the Central Karoo and is located exactly halfway between Cape Town (via Three Sisters) and Johannesburg (via Kimberley) on the N12 national route, and thus is about 700 km from both cities. The N10 national route crosses the N12 500m outside the town. De Aar is the closest big town and lies 50 km East from Britstown on the N10.

Kimberley, South Africa
Kimberley  (Khoekhoe: ǃ’Ās; Tswana: Kimbali) is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance because of its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. The British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes also established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.

On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, in the United States, to install electric street lighting. The first stock exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley as early as 1881.
HMCyS Vijaya
HMCyS Vijaya, named in honor of Vijaya, the first king of Sri Lanka, was an Algerine-class minesweeper of the Royal Ceylon Navy, the first warship of that navy. Vijaya had been built as HMS Flying Fish (J370) for the Royal Navy during World War II, but was given to Ceylon by the United Kingdom upon the 1951 formation of Ceylon's navy.

Prince Vijaya
Prince Vijaya (Sinhala:විජය) (c. 543–505 BCE) was a legendary king of Tambapanni, based in modern day Sri Lanka. His reign was first mentioned in Mahāvaṃsa. He is said to have came to Sri Lanka with seven hundred followers after being banished from Sinhapura. However, there is no archaeological evidence of this.

After arriving on the island, Vijaya and his settlers defeated a yaksha near "Thammena" (Tambapaṇṇī) displacing the inhabitants. Eventually Vijaya  married Kuveni, a daughter of a yaksha leader legitimizing Vijaya’s rule over the region.
Shanti Stupa, Delhi
Shanti Stupa is a Buddhist monument in Delhi, India, intended as "a symbol of universal brotherhood and peace." It is one of several Peace Pagodas in the world. Started by the Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga religious order of Buddhism, it was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama on 4 November 2007.

Delhi Development Authority
The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) is a statutory body established under the Delhi Development Act, 1957, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India to "promote and secure the development of Delhi". It is tasked with large-scale land acquisition for affordable housing in Delhi, as well as planning, development and construction of residential projects and commercial lands. Its responsibilities included providing public facilities like roads, bridges, drains, underground water reservoirs, community centres, sports centres, and green belts  within the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India.
John Cooper (died 1779)
John Cooper  (c. 1726–1779), was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1775 and 1779.

Cooper  was the son of Thomas Cooper of Salisbury and his second wife Sarah Priaulx. He matriculated at Queen’s College, Oxford on 13 March 1744, aged 17.  He became a clothier in Salisbury and married Rachel Poore, daughter of Edward Poore who was an MP for Salisbury and Downton. In 1767 he was Mayor of Salisbury.

Cooper followed his father-in-law in his political aspirations. In July 1774 he declared he was going to stand for Parliament at Salisbury. However, in the general election of 1774 he stood as Member of Parliament for Downton. He was defeated, but was subsequently seated on petition.  He voted regularly with the Opposition but does not appear to have spoken in the House.

Cooper died on 7 August 1779.

The Queen's College, Oxford
The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Philippa of Hainault, queen of England. It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, primarily dating from the 18th century.

As of 2022, the college had an endowment of £327.8 million making it the fifth-wealthiest Oxford college (after Christ Church, Magdalen, St. John's, and All Souls).
Allegory of Painting (Le Mans)
The Allegory of Painting is a painting from around the 1640s attributed in 1988 to the Italian Baroque artist Artemisia Gentileschi, although more recent research suggests it was painted by an anonymous Neapolitan painter in the mid-17th century. It is now in the Musée de Tessé, Le Mans, France.

Le Mans
Le Mans (/ləˈmɒ̃/; French: [lə mɑ̃] ⓘ) is a city in northwestern France on the Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans. Le Mans is a part of the Pays de la Loire region.

Its inhabitants are called Manceaux (male) and Mancelles (female). Since 1923, the city has hosted the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the world's oldest active endurance sports car race. The event is among the most attended and prestigious motor sports events in the world.
Halka (1937 film)
Halka is a 1937 Polish musical film directed by Juliusz Gardan and starring Liliana Zielinska, Witold Zacharewicz and Wladyslaw Ladis-Kiepura. It is an adaptation of the 1848 opera Halka composed by Stanisław Moniuszko with a libretto by Włodzimierz Wolski. It was shot at the Falanga Studios in Warsaw.

Cinema of Poland
The history of cinema in Poland is almost as long as the history of cinematography, and it has universally recognized achievements, even though Polish films tend to be less commercially available than films from several other European nations.

After World War II, the communist government built an auteur-based national cinema, trained hundreds of new directors and empowered them to make films. Filmmakers like Roman Polański, Krzysztof Kieślowski, Agnieszka Holland, Andrzej Wajda, Andrzej Żuławski, Andrzej Munk, and Jerzy Skolimowski impacted the development of Polish film-making.  In more recent years, the industry has been producer-led with finance being the key to a film being made.
Master of Paradise
Master of Paradise is the eighth studio album by guitarist Tony MacAlpine, released on November 2, 1999 through Shrapnel Records. This album marks the first (and so far only) time MacAlpine himself sang on any of his releases; only two of the tracks are instrumental.

Early pressings suffered from a mastering error which resulted in the overall volume being very low. This was corrected on later pressings, but yet another manufacturing error arose afterwards which remained uncorrected, this time involving the track listing: the order was printed incorrectly on the back cover, along with an image of MacAlpine mistakenly reversed to show him playing a left-handed guitar. The correct track listing is shown below.

Shrapnel Records
Shrapnel Records is an American record label group founded by record producer Mike Varney. The group principally uses the Shrapnel Records record label, a guitar-oriented label which features shred guitar, hard rock, metal and progressive metal. In the 1990s, he also started the Tone Center Records and Blues Bureau International sublabels to promote fusion and blues.

Blues Bureau artists include Rick Derringer, Eric Gales, Marc Ford, Chris Duarte, Leslie West and Pat Travers.

Tone Center Records grew out of Varney's admiration for the jazz fusion of the 1970s and groups such as The Tony Williams Lifetime, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return to Forever, and Soft Machine. Tone Center's early releases included drummer Steve Smith and guitarists Larry Coryell,  Frank Gambale, and Scott Henderson.
Mohamed Ibrahim Selim
Mohamed Ibrahim Hassan Selim (Arabic: محمد إبراهيم حسن سليم) was a lieutenant general in the Egyptian Armed Forces who served in the minister of Military Production from 1971 to 1972, and the first commander of Military Technical College from 1957 to 1971. He was also the founder of that college.

Military Technical College
The Military Technical College (MTC) (Egyptian Arabic: الكلية الفنية العسكرية) is an Egyptian military college that graduates military engineers with a bachelor's degree in engineering to distribute them to various formations of the armed forces to serve in peacetime or war. It was established in 1958 and was called the Military College of Sciences (الكلية العسكرية للعلوم), and the educational process within the college was managed in cooperation with the Czechslovak Military Academy Brno.
Philip Nanton
Philip Nanton (born 1947) is a Vincentian writer, poet and spoken-word performer, based in Barbados. A sociologist by training, who also teaches cultural studies, he is Honorary Research Associate at the University of Birmingham, and lectures at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill. He has been a contributor on Caribbean culture and literature to journals and magazines such as The Caribbean Review of Books, Shibboleths: a Journal of Theory and Criticism and Caribbean Quarterly, and as a spoken-word artist has performed his work at festivals internationally. In 2012, he represented St. Vincent & the Grenadines at Poetry Parnassus in London.

Nanton's published books include Island Voices: From St Christopher to the Barracudas and Frontiers of the Caribbean (2014), Canouan Suite and Other Pieces (2016), and Riff: The Shake Keane Story (2021).

2012 Cultural Olympiad
The 2012 Cultural Olympiad was a programme of cultural events across the United Kingdom that accompanied the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. It included 500 events nationwide throughout the UK, spread over four years and culminating in the London 2012 Festival. The Cultural Olympiad's programmes included: Artists Taking the Lead, Discovering Places, Film Nation: Shorts, New Music 20x12, Stories of the World, World Shakespeare Festival, and the BT River of Music.
Eternity's Child
Eternity's Child (previously known as Angel's Eternity) is a side-scrolling platform game based on a fairy tale created by Luc Bernard. It was released by Luc Bernard and Silver Sphere Studios on Steam July 31, 2008.

Side-scrolling video game
A side-scrolling video game (alternatively side-scroller) is a video game viewed from a side-view camera angle where the screen follows the player as they move left or right. The jump from single-screen or flip-screen graphics to scrolling graphics during the golden age of arcade games was a pivotal leap in game design, comparable to the move to 3D graphics during the fifth generation.

Hardware support of smooth scrolling backgrounds is built into many arcade video games, some game consoles, and home computers. Examples include 8-bit systems like the Atari 8-bit computers and Nintendo Entertainment System, and 16-bit consoles, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. These 16-bit consoles added multiple layers, which can be scrolled independently for a parallax scrolling effect.
Grzegorz Piechna
Grzegorz Piechna (born 18 September 1976) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a forward. He scored 21 goals in 36 matches in Polish Ekstraklasa and was the top league goalscorer once.

Korona Kielce
Korona Kielce (Polish pronunciation: [kɔˈrɔna ˈkʲɛlt͡sɛ], Korona – Crown – symbol of club and city, Kielce – name of city where club is based) is a Polish professional football club based in Kielce, competing in Ekstraklasa in the 2025–26 season. From 2002 to 2008, the club belonged to a Polish holding company Kolporter Holding and achieved its greatest success – winning promotion to the top tier in 2005. Since then, Korona has spent 17 seasons in the Polish football top level (as of 2024–25). In the 2006–07 season, Korona played in the final of the Polish Cup.
Ernest Muttitt
Ernest Muttitt (24 July 1908 – 8 August 1996) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Brentford and Middlesbrough. He was posthumously inducted into the Brentford Hall of Fame in 2015. A utility player, Muttitt was nicknamed "Bulldog".

London Challenge Cup
The London Challenge Cup was a football tournament formerly organised by the London FA. It was first contested in 1908, and other than during the World Wars, was contested every season until 1974, when the tournament was disbanded.

After a 16-year hiatus, the tournament was resurrected in 1990–91, but only lasted 10 years before being once again discontinued.

In its original guise, the tournament was won by most of the major professional clubs in London such as Arsenal, Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United, but the quality of entrants after the revival was lower, with all the winners except Leyton Orient in 1992–93 being non-League clubs.
Vo Zaborav
Vo zaborav (in Macedonian Cyrillic: Во заборав) is the fourth studio album by Macedonian pop musician, Karolina Gočeva. The album was released in Macedonia and subsequently in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Croatia under the Serbo-Croatian title, U Zaboravu.

Dino Merlin
Edin Dervišhalidović (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Един Дервишхалидовић; born 12 September 1962), known professionally as Dino Merlin (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Дино Мерлин), is a Bosnian singer-songwriter and record producer. Nicknamed "The Wizard" (Bosnian: Čarobnjak), he is widely regarded as one of the most prominent and commercially successful artists to have emerged from the former Yugoslavia.

Born in Sarajevo in 1962, Dino founded and led the band Merlin, one of the best-selling rock groups in Southeast Europe. Deemed a cultural icon, he has released over a dozen chart-topping albums, embarked on numerous record-breaking tours, received numerous accolades, including the prestigious Sixth of April Sarajevo Award, and authored the national anthem of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is celebrated for his distinctive voice, charismatic stage presence, and poetic songwriting.
Houston Calls
Houston Calls was an American rock band, based in Rockaway, New Jersey, United States. They formed in 2003 and were signed to Rushmore Records (a subsidiary of Drive-Thru Records). On June 9, 2009, they announced their official breakup.

Amber Pacific
Amber Pacific is an American pop-punk band that formed in 2002 in Federal Way, Washington. The band has released five full-length albums, The Possibility and the Promise in 2005, Truth in Sincerity in 2007, Virtues in 2010, The Turn in 2014, and All In in 2025.

Kerrang! described Amber Pacific as a "Myspace band".
Formylaspartate deformylase
In enzymology, a formylaspartate deformylase (EC 3.5.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

N-formyl-L-aspartate + H2O  formate + L-aspartate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-formyl-L-aspartate and H2O, whereas its two products are formate and L-aspartate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-formyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase. This enzyme is also called formylaspartic formylase (formylase I, formylase II).  This enzyme participates in histidine metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Think (book)
Think!: Why Crucial Decisions Can't Be Made in the Blink of an Eye is a non-fiction book by editor and journalist Michael R. LeGault, released in January 2006. It was published under Threshold Editions, a conservative publishing imprint under Simon & Schuster run by Mary Matalin.

Think claims to refute Blink, the best-selling 2005 book by Canadian journalist Malcolm Gladwell. It argues that United States and the West are in decline because of an intellectual crisis. Think contends that blink-like snap judgments are the cause of major failures such as the Hurricane Katrina response. LeGault maintains that relying on emotion and instinct instead of reason and facts is ultimately a threat to our freedom and way of life.

Mary Matalin
Mary Joe Matalin (born August 19, 1953) is an American political consultant well known for her work with the Republican Party. She served under President Ronald Reagan, was campaign director for George H. W. Bush, an assistant to President George W. Bush, and until 2003 counselor to Vice President Dick Cheney. Matalin has been chief editor of Threshold Editions, a conservative publishing imprint at Simon & Schuster, since March 2005. She is married to Democratic political consultant James Carville. She appears in the award-winning documentary film Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story and played herself, opposite her husband James Carville, John Slattery, and Mary McCormack in the short-lived HBO series K Street.

On May 5, 2016, Matalin announced she changed her party registration to Libertarian.
Memoir
A memoir (/ˈmɛm.wɑːr/; from French  mémoire [me.mwaʁ], from Latin  memoria 'memory, remembrance') is any nonfiction narrative writing based on the author's personal memories. The assertions made in the work are thus understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or autobiography since the late 20th century, the genre is differentiated in form, presenting a narrowed focus, usually a particular time phase in someone's life or career. A biography or autobiography tells the story "of a life", while a memoir often tells the story of a particular career, event, or time, such as touchstone moments and turning points in the author's life. The author of a memoir may be referred to as a memoirist or a memorialist.

Touchstone (metaphor)
As a metaphor, a touchstone is any physical or intellectual measure by which the validity or merit of a concept can be tested. It is similar in use to an acid test, or a litmus test in politics.

The word was introduced into literary criticism by Matthew Arnold in "Preface to the volume of 1853 poems" (1853) to denote short but distinctive passages, selected from the writings of the greatest poets, which he used to determine the relative value of passages or poems which are compared to them. Arnold proposed this method of evaluation as a corrective for what he called the "fallacious" estimates of poems according to their "historic" importance in the development of literature, or else according to their "personal" appeal to an individual critic.
Hong Kong at the Deaflympics
Hong Kong first competed at the Deaflympics for the first time in 1985. Since then Hong Kong has been participating in the Deaflympics. Hong Kong won its first medal during the 2009 Summer Deaflympics, which is also the only medal awarded to them in Deaflympic history.

Hong Kong has yet to participate at the Winter Deaflympics.

Deaflympics
The Deaflympics, also known as Deaflympiad (previously called World Games for the Deaf, and International Games for the Deaf) are a periodic series of multi-sport events sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at which deaf athletes compete at an elite level. Unlike the athletes in other IOC-sanctioned events (the Olympics, the Paralympics, and the Special Olympics), athletes cannot be guided by sounds (such as starting pistols, bullhorn commands or referee whistles). The games have been organized by the Comité International des Sports des Sourds (CISS, "The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf") since the first event in 1924.
Thomas H. Bell
Thomas H. Bell (born August 2, 1944) is an American football and lacrosse coach.  He served as the head football coach at Plymouth State University (1972–1975), the University of New Haven (1976–1982), the United States Coast Guard Academy (1986–1992), and Macalester College (1994–1997), compiling a career college football record of 95–102–6.  Bell was also the head men's lacrosse coach at New Haven from 1979 to 1980, tallying a mark of 4–18.

Macalester College
Macalester College (/məˈkælɪstər/ mə-KAL-iss-tər) is a private liberal arts college in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1874, Macalester is exclusively an undergraduate institution with an enrollment of 2,068 students in the fall of 2025. The college has Scottish and Presbyterian roots and emphasizes internationalism and multiculturalism.

In 2023, the college offered 39 majors, 40 minors, and 11 concentrations. Students also have the option to design their own major. Macalester's sports teams compete in the NCAA Division III-level Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The college's 60-acre main campus is bordered by Summit Avenue to the north and St. Clair Avenue to the south. The 300-acre Ordway Field Station, a nature reserve and research station, is on the outskirts of the Twin Cities, along the Mississippi River.
Edward Thompson Taylor
Edward Thompson Taylor (December 25, 1793–April 6, 1871) was an American Methodist minister. He joined the New England Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1819 and was an itinerant preacher in southeastern New England for 10 years. In 1829, the Port Society of Boston hired Taylor to be the chaplain of the Seamen’s Bethel, a mission to sailors. In Boston, "Father Taylor" became famous as an eloquent and colorful preacher, a sailors' advocate, and a temperance activist.

Temperance movement in the United States
The temperance movement in the United States, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol, had a large influence on American politics and American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol, through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance.