hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coking
Coking is the process of heating coal in the absence of oxygen to a temperature above 600 °C (1,112 °F) to drive off the volatile components of the raw coal, leaving behind a hard, strong, porous material with a high carbon content called coke. Coke is predominantly carbon. Its porous structure provides a high surface area, allowing it to burn more rapidly, much like how a bundle of tinder burns faster than a solid wooden log. As such, when a kilogram of coke is burned, it releases more heat than a kilogram of the original coal.

Tinder
Tinder is easily combustible material used to start a fire. Tinder is a finely divided, open material which will begin to glow under a shower of sparks. Air is gently wafted over the glowing tinder until it bursts into flame. The flaming tinder is used to ignite kindling, which in turn is used to ignite the bulk material, to produce a fire.

Tinder can be made of any flammable substance, as long as it is finely divided and has an open structure.
Lussich Cove
Lussich Cove (62°6′S 58°21′W﻿ / ﻿62.100°S 58.350°W﻿ / -62.100; -58.350) is a cove at the southeast side of Martel Inlet in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. It was charted in 1909 by the Fourth French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Antonio Lussich of Montevideo, who was of assistance to the expedition.

King George Island (South Shetland Islands)
King George Island (Argentinian Spanish: Isla 25 de Mayo, Brazilian Portuguese: Ilha do Rei George, Chilean Spanish: Isla Rey Jorge, Russian: Ватерло́о Vaterloo) is the largest of the South Shetland Islands, lying 120 km (75 miles) off the coast of Antarctica in the Southern Ocean.  The island was named after King George III.
Tammie Leady
Tammie Leady (born 11 August, Port Arthur, Texas) is a certified personal trainer and a fitness and figure competitor based in Atlanta, Georgia. She is also a fitness model who has appeared in a number of magazines, including Flex, American Curves and Muscle & Fitness. As a personal trainer, she writes in various columns about improving ones physical health and well-being.

In 1997, Leady relocated to Tampa, Florida, and began competing in fitness competitions, placing 20th in the 1997 Fitness America Nationals. In 1999, Atlanta Sports and Magazine named her the "Fittest Female in Atlanta" and in 2001, she earned her status as IFBB Pro fitness competitor by winning the Team Universe National Championships. In June, 2005, she finished in eighth place in the Toronto Pro Figure competition held in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.

Muscle & Fitness
Muscle & Fitness is an American fitness and bodybuilding magazine founded in 1935 by Canadian entrepreneur Joe Weider. It was originally published under the title Your Physique, before being renamed to Muscle Builder in 1954, and acquiring its current name in 1980. There is also a companion magazine called Muscle and Fitness Hers, oriented toward women.
Nourseothricin
Nourseothricin (NTC) is a member of the streptothricin-class of aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species. Chemically, NTC is a mixture of the related compounds streptothricin C, D, E, and F.  NTC inhibits protein synthesis by inducing miscoding. It is used as a selection marker for a wide range of organisms including bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi, and plant cells. It is not known to have adverse side-effects on positively selected cells, a property cardinal to a selection drug.

Streptothricin F is effective against highly drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant E. coli.

NTC can be inactivated by nourseothricin N-acetyl transferase (NAT) from Streptomyces noursei, an enzyme that acetylates the beta-amino group of the beta-lysine residue of NTC. NAT can thus act as an antibiotic resistance gene.

Β-Lysine
β-Lysine (3,6-diaminohexanoic acid) is an amino acid produced by platelets during coagulation and is directly antibacterial by causing lysis of many Gram positive bacteria by acting as a cationic detergent.
Minnie Buckingham Harper
Minnie Buckingham Harper (May 15, 1886 – February 10, 1978) was an American politician and housewife.

Born in Winfield, West Virginia, Harper was a resident of Keystone when in 1928 she became  the first Black woman legislator in the United States. She was appointed by Governor Howard M. Gore to the West Virginia House of Delegates to fill the vacancy left by the death of her husband, Ebenezer Howard Harper. The McDowell County Republican Executive Committee unanimously recommended that Harper fill her husband's position.

She did not seek re-election at the end of her term.

West Virginia House of Delegates
The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature in West Virginia. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates.
Dewald Potgieter
Dewald Potgieter (born 22 February 1987 in Port Elizabeth, South Africa) is a professional South African rugby union rugby player. His first tour with the Springboks was to France, Italy, Ireland & England in late 2009. Potgieter plays loose forward for Worcester Warriors, having previously played for Super Rugby franchise the Bulls and Japanese Top League side Yamaha Jubilo. Potgieter has won 2 Super Rugby titles and a Currie Cup.

Potgieter has retired from rugby after a knee injury.

Shizuoka Blue Revs
Shizuoka Blue Revs (formerly the Yamaha Júbilo) are a rugby union team based in Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan. The team came second behind Toshiba Brave Lupus in the second season of Japanese rugby's Top League (2004–05). They were coached by former All Black Grant Batty and Fijian player-coach Tabai Matson. Founded in 1984, its name was "Yamaha Motors Rugby Football Club". The team rebranded as the Shizuoka Blue Revs ahead of the rebranding of the Top League to the Japan Rugby League One in 2022.

The team name Júbilo means 'joy' in Portuguese, which has had a notable influence on the Japanese language. The name was also shared with the also Yamaha-owned Júbilo Iwata from J2 League.
Italian Reformists
The Italian Reformists (Riformisti Italiani) is a political party/association in Italy.

The group was launched on 26 November 2011 by Stefania Craxi, deputy of the centre-right The People of Freedom (PdL) party, undersecretary of Foreign Affairs in Berlusconi IV Cabinet and daughter of Bettino Craxi (leader of the Italian Socialist Party from 1976 to 1993). In her remarks at the group's founding convention, Stefania Craxi explained that the Reformists would have two main goals: uniting all Italian Socialists (most of them were in the PdL) and transforming Italy into a presidential republic.

On 15 December 2011 Stefania Craxi announced that she was leaving the PdL.
Since 1 March 2012 the party is represented in the regional council of Liguria by Raffaella Della Bianca, elected within the list of PdL in 2010.
The party stood in the 2013 general election as a standalone list, receiving just 0.02% for the Chamber of Deputies.

Fourth Berlusconi government
The fourth Berlusconi government was the 60th government of Italy, in office from 8 May 2008 to 16 November 2011. It was the fourth government led by Silvio Berlusconi, who then became the longest-serving Prime Minister of Italy of the Italian Republic (3340 days in office). The government was supported by a coalition between The People of Freedom (PdL) and the Northern League (LN), together with other smaller centre-right parties.

At its formation, the government included 22 ministers and 39 under-secretaries, for a total of 61 members. At the end of its term the cabinet was composed of 24 ministers, 4 deputy ministers and 39 under-secretaries, for a total of 67 members. With 1287 days of tenure, it was second in longevity only to Berlusconi's second government (1409 days from 2001 to 2005) in the history of the Italian Republic.
Rali Chauhan
Rali Chauhan is a village in the Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh state, India, and forms a part of the National Capital Region (NCR). It is located 9 km (5.6 mi) from the district capital of Meerut, and 457 km (284 mi) from Lucknow, the state capital. Rali Chauhan's Pincode is 250002. Nearby villages include Islamabad Chhilora, Bhawanpur, Datavali Gesupur, and Ajanta Colony.

Meerut district
Meerut district (Hindi pronunciation: [meːɾəʈʰ]) is one of the districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and a part of Delhi, with the city of Meerut as the district headquarters. Meerut District is also a part of the Meerut Division. The administrative head of district of Meerut is a District Magistrate while the administrative head of Meerut Division is Divisional Commissioner, an IAS officer.
Werner (name)
Werner is a name of German origin and is common both as a given name and a surname. As is often the case with Germanic names, it is a dithematic name, meaning it is composed of two semantically unrelated word stems, in this case the Old High German waron ('to protect/preserve/uphold') and heri ('army', cf modern German Heer). Wernher is a variation on Werner. Cognate names in other languages include Warner (English), Guernier (French), and Verner (Nordic languages).

The name was popular in the Habsburg family.

Werner I (bishop of Strasbourg) (c. 980 – 1028)

Werner I, Count of Klettgau (c. 1025 – 1096)

Werner II, Count of Habsburg (d. 1167)

Word stem
In linguistics, a word stem is a word part responsible for a word's lexical meaning. The term is used with slightly different meanings depending on the morphology of the language in question. For instance, in Athabaskan linguistics, a verb stem is a root that cannot appear on its own and that carries the tone of the word.

Typically, a stem remains unmodified during inflection with few exceptions due to apophony (for example in Polish, miast-o ("city") and w mieść-e ("in the city"); in English, sing, sang, and sung, where it can be modified according to morphological rules or peculiarities, such as sandhi).

Word stem comparisons across languages have helped reveal cognates that have allowed comparative linguists to determine language families and their history.
Waun-gron Park railway station
Waun-gron Park railway station serves the Fairwater area of Cardiff, Wales. Passenger services are currently operated by Transport for Wales.

The station was opened in 1987 when a passenger service was introduced to the City Line, though the line itself opened in 1859 and was originally goods only. The station has an unusual staggered platform arrangement: one platform straddles the bridge over the roadway.

Waun-gron Park is the nearest station to the large suburb of Ely which is 10 minutes' walk from the station along Western Avenue and over Ely Bridge.

Transport for Wales Rail
Transport for Wales Rail Limited, branded as Transport for Wales and TfW Rail (Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru and TrC Trenau), is a Welsh publicly owned train operating company, a subsidiary of Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company. It commenced operations of the day to day services of the Wales & Borders franchise on 7 February 2021, as an operator of last resort, succeeding KeolisAmey Wales.

Transport for Wales Rail manages 248 National Rail stations, including all 223 in Wales, and operates all passenger mainline services wholly within Wales, and services along the England–Wales border, many of which run into or through England.
Handforth Dean
Handforth Dean is a retail park in Handforth, Cheshire, England; it opened in 1995, alongside the A34. It contains four superstores: Marks & Spencer, Tesco Extra, JD Sports and Boots. Large Next and Pets at Home stores are sited on a development adjacent to the retail park.

In 2002, the Marks & Spencer store was the company's most profitable outside London; it is also one of their largest stores in the country.

In 2007, the Tesco store had a second floor added to handle the number of customers that used it and was converted into a Tesco Extra. Tesco has described Handforth Dean as its "flagship store".

A34 road
The A34 is a major road in England.  It runs from the A33 and M3 at Winchester in Hampshire, to the A6 and A6042 in Salford, close to Manchester City Centre. It forms a large part of the major trunk route from Southampton, via Oxford, to Birmingham, The Potteries and Manchester. For most of its length (together with the A5011 and parts of the A50, and A49), it forms part of the former Winchester–Preston Trunk Road. Improvements to the section of road forming the Newbury Bypass around Newbury were the scene of significant direct action environmental protests in the 1990s. It is 151 miles (243 km) long.
Spiridione Roma
Spiridione Roma (c. 1735 – 15 June 1786), also known as Spiridon or Spyridon Romas (Greek: Σπυρίδων Ρώμας), was a Greek painter from Corfu. He was a prominent member of the Heptanese school. His contemporary was Spyridon Sperantzas, another painter from Corfu. He also painted all over Italy and settled in Triste. Romas painted on the Ionian Islands, Sicily, and Livorno before settling in England. He was one of the few Greek painters to travel to a foreign country outside of the Greek or Italian world. The other two were El Greco and Efstathios Altinis. He was also a British painter during the last decades of his life. He was active in the region from 1770 to 1786. According to the Hellenic Institute, over twenty-five of his works survived. He was the British El Greco. His most popular work is a painting entitled The East Offering its Riches to Britannia.

Ionian Islands
The Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: Ιόνια νησιά, Ionia nisia; Ancient Greek, Katharevousa: Ἰόνιαι Νῆσοι, Ioniai Nēsoi) are a group of islands in the Ionian Sea, west of mainland Greece. They are traditionally called the Heptanese ("Seven Islands"; Ἑπτάνησα, Heptanēsa or Ἑπτάνησος, Heptanēsos; Italian: Eptaneso), but the group includes many smaller islands in addition to the seven principal ones.

As a distinct historic region, the collective of islands date to the centuries-long Venetian rule, which kept them outside Ottoman control, and created a distinct cultural identity with many Italian influences. The Ionian Islands became part of the modern Greek state in 1864. Administratively today, they belong to the Ionian Islands Region except for Kythera, which belongs to the Attica Region.
Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located in southeast Idaho, seven miles (11 km) south of Montpelier. Surrounded by mountains, it lies in Bear Lake Valley at an elevation ranging from 5,925 feet (1,806 m) on the marsh to 6,800 feet (2,100 m) on the rocky slopes of Merkley Mountain. The refuge office is located in Montpelier.

The 19,000-acre (77 km2) refuge is mainly made up of a bulrush marsh, open water, and flooded meadows of sedges, rushes, and grasses. Portions of the refuge include scattered grasslands and brush-covered slopes.

Bear Lake Refuge encompasses what is locally referred to as Dingle Swamp or Dingle Marsh. Along with Bear Lake proper, the marsh was once part of a larger prehistoric lake that filled the valley. As it drained and receded, Dingle Marsh was reduced from 25,000 acres (100 km2) to less than 17,000 before it became part of the refuge.

Wet meadow
A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated for part or all of the growing season which prevents the growth of trees and brush. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar.
1997 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1997 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 102nd staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 26 September to 9 November 1997.

Wolfe Tones na Sionna entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Sixmilebridge in the quarter-finals. Bodyke joined the championship as Clare IHC winners from the previous year.

The final was played on 9 November 1997 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Clarecastle and St Joseph's Doora-Barefield, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in three years. Clarecastle won the match by 2–11 to 0–11 to claim their 10th championship title overall and a first title in three years.

Clarecastle's Ken Ralph was the championship's top scorer with 4–21.

St. Joseph's, Doora-Barefield GAA
St Joseph's, Doora-Barefield is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in the parish of Doora-Barefield outside Ennis, County Clare, Ireland. Hurling was the more popular sport in Doora-Barefield over Gaelic football, now it's 50-50 between the both of them. Their main playing fields are in Gurteen. They have three full-size hurling and football pitches. There is also changing and showering facilities there.
2023 UniCredit Czech Open – Doubles
Yuki Bhambri and Saketh Myneni were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Ariel Behar and Adam Pavlásek won the title after defeating Marco Bortolotti and Sergio Martos Gornés 7–5, 6–4 in the final.

Ariel Behar
Ariel Behar (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾjel βeˈaɾ]; born November 12, 1989) is a Uruguayan professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 34 achieved on 6 May 2024. He has won three ATP Tour doubles titles, all of them with Ecuadorian Gonzalo Escobar.

Behar represents Uruguay at the Davis Cup since 2009.
5171 Augustesen
5171 Augustesen (provisional designation 1987 SQ3) is a background asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers (5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 25 September 1987, by Danish astronomer Poul Jensen at the Brorfelde Observatory in Denmark. The suspected tumbler and presumed Vestian asteroid has an exceptionally slow rotation period of 480 hours and possibly an elongated shape. It was named after Danish astronomer Karl Augustesen.

Poul Jensen (astronomer)
Poul B. Jensen is a Danish astronomer and a discoverer of 98 minor planets while working at Brorfelde Observatory. Between 1967 and 1969 he assisted in positional observations with the observatory's 7" transit circle. He is also a co-discoverer (with Carolyn S. Shoemaker) of the Comet Jensen-Shoemaker (1987g1). As of 2004, he was still publishing in the Minor Planet Circulars.

On 22 July 1994, the main-belt asteroid 5900 Jensen was named by his colleges Karl Augustesen and Hans Jørn Fogh Olsen in his and his wife's honor (M.P.C. 23793).
Sottrum (Samtgemeinde)
Sottrum is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Sottrum.

The Samtgemeinde Sottrum consists of the following municipalities:

Ahausen

Bötersen

Hassendorf

Hellwege

Horstedt

Reeßum

Sottrum

53°07′01″N 9°13′59″E﻿ / ﻿53.117°N 9.233°E﻿ / 53.117; 9.233

Bötersen
Bötersen (German pronunciation: [ˈbøːtɐzn̩]) is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Bötersen belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeral Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Principality, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Principality was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Bötersen, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.
Carlos Latuff
Carlos Latuff (born 30 November 1968)  is a Brazilian political cartoonist. His work deals with themes such as anti-Western sentiment, anti-capitalism, and opposition to U.S. military intervention in foreign countries. He is best known for his images depicting the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Arab Spring.

Latuff's cartoons comparing Israel to Nazi Germany have been labelled as antisemitic by some advocacy organisations and scholars. Latuff said the characterization was a dishonest defense of Israel.

Weaponization of antisemitism
The exploitation of accusations of antisemitism, especially to delegitimize criticism of Israel or opposition to Zionism, is sometimes called weaponization of antisemitism. Cases of weaponizing antisemitism have arisen in various contexts, including the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and debates over the concept of new antisemitism and the IHRA definition of antisemitism. Charges of antisemitism made in bad faith have been described as a smear tactic and likened to "playing the race card". Some anti-Zionist Jews have been accused of antisemitism and labeled "self-hating Jews".

The charge of weaponization has itself been criticized as antisemitic or rooted in antisemitic tropes, and as a rhetorical device employed across the political spectrum to delegitimize concerns about antisemitism, especially in anti-Zionist discourse.
The Visitors Book
The Visitors Book (2015) is a collection of four ghost stories by Sophie Hannah, a British author and poet. Published by Sort of Books, the original edition's dimensions are comparatively small, and the pages have wide margins; it is stylized to appear like an actual visitors book - in keeping with the first, nominal story in the collection - with the inside cover and first page providing columns for names, addresses, comments, etc.

In promoting the book, Hannah described how the inspiration for the nominal story came from an incident where, visiting a friend at her home, she was asked to sign a visitors book, a request she found strange given the everyday surroundings.

Ghost story
A ghost story is any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes a ghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts or characters' belief in them. The "ghost" may appear of its own accord or be summoned by magic. Linked to the ghost is the idea of a "haunting", where a supernatural entity is tied to a place, object or person. Ghost stories are commonly examples of ghostlore.

Colloquially, the term "ghost story" can refer to any kind of scary story. In a narrower sense, the ghost story has been developed as a short story format, within genre fiction. It is a form of supernatural fiction and specifically of weird fiction, and is often a horror story.

While ghost stories are often explicitly meant to scare, they have been written to serve all sorts of purposes, from comedy to morality tales. Ghosts often appear in the narrative as sentinels or prophets of things to come.