hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kazakhstan–Ukraine relations
Kazakhstan–Ukraine relations are foreign relations between Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Before 1918, both countries were part of the Russian Empire and until 1991 they were part of the USSR. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1992. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Kyiv and an honorary consulate in Odesa. Ukraine has an embassy in Astana and a consulate-general in Almaty. There are between 895,000 and 2,400,000 ethnic Ukrainians living in Kazakhstan. Both countries are full members of TRACECA, Baku Initiative, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Partnership for Peace and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. They are only 468 kilometres (291 mi) apart at their closest points.

TRACECA
TRACECA  (acronym: Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia) is an international transport programme involving 14 countries from the European Union, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. The programme aim is to strengthen economic relations, trade, and transport in the regions of the Black Sea basin, the South Caucasus, and Central Asia. It has a permanent Secretariat, originally financed by the European Commission, in Baku, Azerbaijan, and a regional office in Odesa, Ukraine.
Baby hamster kidney cell
Baby Hamster Kidney fibroblasts (BHK cells) are an adherent cell line used in molecular biology.
The cells were derived in 1961 by I. A. Macpherson and M. G. P. Stoker. Nowadays, subclone 13 is occasionally used, which was originally derived by single-cell isolation from the kidneys of five unsexed, 1-day-old hamsters.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Nabwiso
Nabwiso is a surname, commonly used in Uganda. Notable people with the surname include:

Eleanor Nabwiso, Ugandan actress, producer, director and television personality

Frank Nabwiso (1940–2024), Ugandan educator and politician

Mathew Nabwiso, Ugandan actor

Mathew Nabwiso
Mathew Nabwiso, often as Matthew Nabwiso is a Ugandan actor. Nabwiso is best known for the roles in the films Imbabazi, Rain and Kyaddala. Apart from acting, he is also a singer, director and producer.
Channel 15 TV stations in Mexico
The following television stations broadcast on digital channel 15 in Mexico:

XEFB-TDT in Monterrey, Nuevo León

XHCSA-TDT in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

XHCRO-TDT in Carbó, Sonora

XHCTCY-TDT in Querétaro, Querétaro

XHD-TDT in Tampico, Tamaulipas

XHFA-TDT in Nogales, Sonora

XHJGMI-TDT in Uruapan, Michoacán

XHMEE-TDT in Mexicali, Baja California

XHMTPU-TDT in Puebla, Puebla

XHOCH-TDT in Ojinaga, Chihuahua

XHOQT-TDT in Oquitoa, Sonora

XHPOX-TDT in Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca

XHRON-TDT in Rayón, Sonora

XHSAS-TDT in Santa Ana, Sonora

XHSPRAG-TDT in Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes

XHSPRZC-TDT in Zacatecas, Zacatecas

XHTCM-TDT in Zitácuaro, Michoacán

XHTJB-TDT in Tijuana, Baja California

XHTV-TDT in Mexico City

XHVTV-TDT in Matamoros, Tamaulipas

XHTV-TDT
XHTV-TDT (channel 4) is a television station in Mexico City, serving as the flagship transmitter of the N+ Foro channel. It is owned and operated by Grupo Televisa alongside XEW-TDT, XHGC-TDT and XEQ-TDT carrying Las Estrellas, El 5* and NU9VE respectively; all four channels are run by TelevisaUnivision, which Grupo Televisa owns a majority stake in the company. Foro itself is operated by Triton Comunicaciones, which was Televisa's news division prior to the 2022 split.

Prior to 2010, channel 4 was a general entertainment network, carrying a variety of programs throughout its existence. Beginning that year, the Televisa Networks–owned Foro TV moved to channel 4, effectively dropping all non-news programming and as a result, Foro TV's oversight was moved to Televisa's broadcast division. The station is the first television station in Mexico and the oldest television channel in said country and Latin America.
Mark Wilson (golfer)
Mark Joseph Wilson (born October 31, 1974) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. In 1996, he received the Ben Hogan Award, given by Friends of Golf and the Golf Coaches Association of America, to the best college golf player in the United States. He is a five-time winner on the PGA Tour, with his most recent win coming at the 2012 Humana Challenge.

Ben Hogan Award
The Ben Hogan Award is an annual prize given by Friends of Golf and the Golf Coaches Association of America, since 1990, to the best college golf player in the United States. The award is named in memory of Ben Hogan, an American professional golfer who is generally considered to be one of the greatest players in the history.

The Colonial Country Club in Fort Worth, Texas joined the organization in 2001. Since 2005, the award winner is named at a ceremony prior to the Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial and is invited to the following year's tournament.
Uyvar Eyalet
Uyvar Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت اویوار; Eyālet-i Uyvar) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.

It was established during the reign of Mehmed IV. In 1663, an Ottoman expeditionary force, led by Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed, defeated the Habsburg Monarchy's garrison of the city of Uyvar (today known as Nové Zámky, Slovakia) and conquered the region. In 1664, they lost the northern part along with the fortresses Hlohovec, Nitra and Levice. The Peace of Vasvár recognised Ottoman control over the remaining part of the eyalet. It was returned to Austria after the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699.

Residents of Uyvar paid 50 Akçe per head for Jizya as compared to the standard rate of one gold ducat (equivalent in the period to around 200 Akçe). The province paid a yearly sum of 1,090,150 Akçe to the treasury by 20,183 non-Muslim Jizya payers, amounting to 50 Akçe per head.

Treaty of Karlowitz
The Treaty of Karlowitz, concluding the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699, in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the Holy League at the Battle of Zenta, was signed in Karlowitz (present-day Sremski Karlovci, Serbia), in the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Monarchy, on 26 January 1699. Also known as "The Austrian treaty that saved Europe", it marks the end of Ottoman control in much of Central Europe, with their first major territorial losses in Europe, beginning the reversal of almost three centuries of expansion (1299–1683). The treaty established the Habsburg monarchy as the dominant power of the region.
British–Peruvian Cultural Association
The British–Peruvian Cultural Association (Spanish: Asociación Cultural Peruano Británica), also known simply as the BRITÁNICO, is a private non-profit cultural association in Peru that teaches the English language and promotes a cultural integration between Peru and the United Kingdom.

Cultural center
A cultural center or cultural centre is an organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts. Cultural centers can be neighborhood community arts organizations, private facilities, government-sponsored, or activist-run.
Abel Salinas
Abel Salinas Izaguirre (May 12, 1930 – August 1, 2012) was a Peruvian politician. In 1985 under Alan García's government he served as Interior Minister, and in 1987 as Energy Minister and in 1988 Minister of Economy and Finance. In 1990, he was elected Senator of the Republic, by the APRA Party ticket, and unsuccessfully ran for the Presidency of Peru in the 2000 elections, winning about 1.3% of the vote. He died on August 1, 2012.

2000 Peruvian general election
General elections were held in Peru on 9 April 2000, with a run-off of the presidential election on 28 May. The elections were highly controversial and widely considered to have been fraudulent. Incumbent President Alberto Fujimori was re-elected for a third term with almost three-quarters of the vote.  However, the elections were tainted with allegations of unconstitutionality, bribery, structural bias, and outright electoral fraud. Alejandro Toledo boycotted the second round of the presidential election, in which over 30% of ballots were declared invalid. Fujimori subsequently called for new elections after his scandal, fled Peru, and faxed in his resignation from a hotel in Japan.
1985 Westmeath County Council election
An election to Westmeath County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of the Irish local elections. 23 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended for a further year, to 1991.

Westmeath County Council
Westmeath County Council (Irish: Comhairle Chontae na hIarmhí) is the local authority of County Westmeath, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 20 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, Pat Gallagher. The county town is Mullingar.
Violence & Force
Violence & Force is the second studio album by the Canadian speed metal band Exciter, released through Megaforce Records in February 1984. The album was produced by The Rods drummer Carl Canedy, who had already produced Anthrax's debut album Fistful of Metal.

The album was reissued in 1999 by SPV/Steamhammer with the same track listing and again in 2004 by Megaforce, without the song "Evil Sinner".

Megaforce Records
Megaforce Records is an American independent record label founded in 1982 by Jon Zazula and his wife Marsha Zazula to release the first works of Metallica, and devoted primarily to hard rock and heavy metal. It has offices in New York City (where the corporate office is located) and Philadelphia. The label currently is distributed in the United States by The Orchard and Sony Music internationally, having previously been distributed by Atlantic Records while Anthrax's recordings from 1985 to 1991 were marketed by Island Records.

Megaforce artists that have appeared on the Billboard Top 200 chart include Metallica, Blue October, Anthrax, Overkill, Testament, Mushroomhead, Ministry, Bad Brains and Meat Puppets. The Black Crowes and Meat Puppets have both received various RIAA certifications in the US.

Marsha Zazula, the co-founder of Megaforce Records, died of cancer on January 10, 2021, at the age of 68. Her husband Jon died a year later, on February 1, 2022, at the age of 69.
2017 BMW PGA Championship
The 2017 BMW PGA Championship was the 63rd edition of the BMW PGA Championship, an annual golf tournament on the European Tour, held 25–28 May at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.

Trailing the leader by seven strokes after three rounds, Alex Norén scored a final-round 62 to win by two shots from Francesco Molinari.

Francesco Molinari
Francesco Molinari (born 8 November 1982) is an Italian professional golfer. He won the 2018 Open Championship, his first and only major victory, and the first major won by an Italian professional golfer. The Open Championship win capped a successful season in which he won the 2018 BMW PGA Championship, his fifth win on the European Tour, and the Quicken Loans National, his first PGA Tour win. At the end of the season, Molinari won 5 out of 5 points as Europe won the 2018 Ryder Cup.

In 2019, Molinari won the Arnold Palmer Invitational for his third PGA Tour victory of his career.

Playing with his brother Edoardo, they won the 2009 Omega Mission Hills World Cup, Italy's only win in the event. Molinari won the 2010 WGC-HSBC Champions and has represented Europe in three winning Ryder Cup teams, in 2010, 2012 and 2018.

Molinari was in the top 100 of the Official World Golf Ranking continuously from November 2008 to November 2020.
Frederick Bates (politician)
Frederick Bates (June 23, 1777 – August 4, 1825), was an American attorney and politician. He was elected in 1824 as the second governor of Missouri and died in office in 1825. Before that he had served as a justice of the Territorial Supreme Court for Michigan Territory, was appointed by Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of the Louisiana Territory and started to build his political base in St. Louis.

Chesterfield, Missouri
Chesterfield is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. It is a western suburb of St. Louis. As of the 2020 census, the population was 49,999, making it the state's 14th most populous city. The broader valley of Chesterfield was originally referred to as "Gumbo Flats", derived from its soil, which though very rich and silty, resembled gumbo when wet.
External history
External history of a language refers to the social and geopolitical history of the language:  migrations, conquests, language contact, and uses of the language in trade, education, literature, law, liturgy, mass media, etc.  It is contrasted with internal history, which refers to linguistic forms (phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon) and semantics.

Lexicon
A lexicon (pl. lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).  In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.

Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrasemes are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included.
IC 64
IC 64 is a massive lenticular galaxy located 622 million light-years away in the Pisces constellation. IC 64 has a diameter of 300,000 light-years, making it, three times bigger than the Milky Way and one of the largest galaxies observed. IC 64 was discovered by French astronomer Stephane Javelle on 5 December 1893. It has an active galactic nucleus, and is an emission line galaxy.

Stéphane Javelle
Stéphane Javelle (Lyon, 16 November 1864 – 3 August 1917) was a French astronomer. Since 1888 he worked assisting Henri Perrotin at the Nice Observatory, and observed 1431 objects published in the Index Catalogue.  He initially worked as an accountant before his employer's friend, Louis Thollon recommended him to Perrotin. He was awarded the Valz Prize in 1910 by the French Academy of Sciences.
Kayal (TV series)
Kayal is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language television series starring Chaitra Reddy and Sanjeev Karthik..

The series premiered on 25 October 2021 on Sun TV and is also available on the digital platform Sun NXT. It is directed by P. Selvam and produced by Vision Time India Private Limited in association with Sun Entertainment.

Chandra Lakshman
Chandra Lakshman is an Indian actress. She debuted in the 2002 Tamil film Manasellam and has since then appeared in various Malayalam and Tamil films and TV series. She is probably best known for her performances as Sandra Nellikadan, Rini Chandrasekhar, Ganga and Divya in the TV series Swantham, Megham, Kolangal and Kadhalikka Neramillai, respectively.
English ship Peacock (1651)
Peacock was a fifth-rate warship of the Commonwealth of England's naval forces, the third of three such ships captured from Royalist forces during 1651 (the other two were Tresco and Bryer). She was formerly the Royalist Falcon, captured from them in October 1651 by the fourth rate Tiger and renamed after the Tiger's commander, Captain James Peacock.

While fitted out as an 18-gun Fifth Rate, the Peacock was not recorded as commissioning at any time, and was sold by November 1658.

Fourth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy, a fourth-rate was a ship of the line with two gun decks which mounted between 46 and 60 guns. They served in all conflicts the Royal Navy participated in during the early modern period until they were gradually phased out of active service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as their usefulness was declining; though fourth-rates often remained in service on distant stations such as the East Indies. Several fourth-rates were created by razeeing larger ships of the line, and occasionally from East Indiamen such as HMS Calcutta.
Tiste
Tiste (German pronunciation: [ˈtɪstə]) is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Tiste belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeral Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Tiste, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.
Tan Yu Sai
Tan Yu Sai (Burmese: တန်ယုဆိုင်; Chinese: 陳裕才; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tân Lū-châi; also spelt Tan Yu Saing) was a Burmese government official prominent during the Burmese Socialist Programme Party era. He served as one of the founding members of the Union Revolutionary Council from 2 March 1962 to 6 October 1970, and also a Minister for Trade. Tan Yu Sai was a Sino-Burmese. He was a brother-in-law of Ne Win's protege, Brigadier Tin Pe, who was married to Tan's sister, Thein Saing. Tan was married to Hla Hla.

Burma Socialist Programme Party
The Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), also referred to as the Lanzin Party, was the ruling party of Burma (present-day Myanmar) from 1962 to 1988 and the country's sole legal party from 1964 to 1988. Party chairman Ne Win overthrew the country's democratically elected government in a coup d'état on 2 March 1962. For the next 26 years, the BSPP governed Burma under a totalitarian military dictatorship, until mass protests in 1988 pressured party officials to adopt a multi-party system.
Terra Firma (Tommy Emmanuel and Phil Emmanuel album)
Terra Firma is an album by Australian guitarist Tommy Emmanuel with his brother Phil that was released in February 1995 and peaked at No. 12 on the ARIA Albums Chart in Australia. The song "(Back on the) Terra Firma" reached No. 45 on the ARIA Singles Chart.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1995, the album was nominated for the ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album but lost to Brood by My Friend the Chocolate Cake.

Brood (album)
Brood is the second studio album by Melbourne band My Friend the Chocolate Cake. The album was released in July 1994 and peaked at number 32 on the ARIA Chart.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1995, the album won the ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album.
Undefined behavior
A computer program exhibits undefined behavior (UB) when it contains, or is executing code for which its programming language specification does not mandate any specific requirements. This is different from unspecified behavior, for which the language specification does not prescribe a result, and implementation-defined behavior that defers to the documentation of another component of the platform (such as the ABI or the translator documentation).

In the C programming community, undefined behavior may be humorously referred to as "nasal demons", after a comp.std.c post that explained undefined behavior as allowing the compiler to do anything it chooses, even "to make demons fly out of your nose".

Programming language specification
In computer programming, a programming language specification (or standard or definition) is a specification language or documentation artifact that defines a programming language so that users and implementors can agree on what programs in that language mean. Specifications are typically detailed and formal, and primarily used by implementors, with users referring to them in case of ambiguity; the C++ specification is frequently cited by users, for instance, due to the complexity. Related documentation includes a programming language reference, which is intended expressly for users, and a programming language rationale, which explains why the specification is written as it is; these are typically more informal than a specification.
Society for Radiological Protection
The Society for Radiological Protection is the leading UK professional body promoting learning and skills in the field of Radiological Protection. The Society was formed in 1963, and received its Royal Charter in 2007. It has the overall objectives of improving public knowledge and maintaining professional standards in that field. It is the largest society of its kind in Europe, and second largest in the world.

In 1998 the SRP was affiliated to IRPA, the International Radiation Protection Association, as the UK Associate Society. It is a registered UK charity.

The society is a joint publisher of the Journal of Radiological Protection.

International Radiation Protection Association
The International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) is an independent non-profit association of national and regional radiation protection societies, and its mission is to advance radiation protection throughout the world. It is the international professional association for radiation protection.

IRPA is recognized by the IAEA as a Non Governmental Organization (NGO) and is an observer on the IAEA Radiation Safety Standards Committee (RASSC).

IRPA was formed on June 19, 1965, at a meeting in Los Angeles; stimulated by the desire of radiation protection professionals to have a world-wide body. Membership includes 50 Associate Societies covering 65 countries, totaling approximately 18,000 individual members.