hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Rand (athlete)
William McNear Rand (April 7, 1886 – October 5, 1981) was an American track and field athlete and businessman.  He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. He was born in Watertown, Massachusetts and died in Lincoln, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University.

Rand won his first-round heat of the 110 metre hurdles with a time of 15.8 seconds, breaking away from his competitors at the ninth hurdle. The ninth hurdle was again the place where Rand made his winning move in the second round, and he finished in 15.8 seconds there as well. This made him one of the four runners to advance to the final of the 110 metre hurdles. There, he finished fourth in a time of 16.0 seconds.

Rand later became president of Monsanto Chemical Corporation, succeeded by Charles Allen Thomas in 1951. The same year, he was elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles was the shorter of two hurdling events at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. It was dominated by the American runners. The competition was held from Thursday, July 23, 1908, to Saturday, July 25, 1908. 25 hurdlers from ten nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Forrest Smithson of the United States, the fourth of five consecutive victories for the nation in the first five Olympic Games. It was also the third of four consecutive podium sweeps for the Americans in the event.
Forgotten Commandments
Forgotten Commandments is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by Louis J. Gasnier and William Schorr and written by James B. Fagan and Agnes Brand Leahy. The film stars Sari Maritza, Gene Raymond, Marguerite Churchill, Irving Pichel, Harry Beresford and Kent Taylor. The film was released on May 22, 1932, by Paramount Pictures.

Louis J. Gasnier
Louis Joseph Gasnier (September 15, 1875 – February 15, 1963) was a French-American film director, producer, screenwriter and stage actor. A cinema pioneer, Gasnier shepherded the early career of comedian Max Linder, co-directed the enormously successful film serial The Perils of Pauline (1914). Gasnier capped his output with the notorious low-budget exploitation film Reefer Madness (1936) which though both a critical and box office failure, became a cult classic.
Al-Tlul
Al-Tlul or Al-Tloul (Arabic: التلول)  is a Syrian village located in Salqin Nahiyah in Harem District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Tlul had a population of 1703 in the 2004 census.

Harem District
Harem District (Arabic: منطقة حارم, romanized: manṭiqat Ḥārim) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Harem. At the 2004 census, it had a population of 175,482.
Madeleine Juneau
Sister Madeleine Juneau, CND, CQ (10 November 1945 – 26 June 2020) was a Canadian museologist and teacher. A Roman Catholic nun, she was a member of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal. Juneau was the recipient of the Medal of the Quebec National Assembly (2011), Thomas-Baillargé award from the Ordre des architectes du Québec, awarded jointly with the Congrégation de Notre-Dame (2012), Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012), and the Officer of the Order of Montreal (2019).

Order of Montreal
The Order of Montreal (Ordre de Montréal) is a municipal order awarded to residents of the city of Montreal, in the province of Quebec, Canada, since 2016.

The honour succeeds the former Great Montrealer, which was conferred from 1988 to 2015 by the  Academy of Great Montrealers.
Lecanora markjohnstonii
Lecanora markjohnstonii is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in the southern Appalachian Mountain region of the United States, it was described as a new species in 2018 by Carly Anderson Stewart, Erin Tripp, and James Lendemer. The type specimen was collected from Little River Canyon National Preserve (Alabama), where it was found growing on sandstone on a steep slope at an elevation of 1,123 m (3,684 ft). The specific epithet honors Mark Johnston, an Episcopalian priest known for his contributions to environmental education and outreach in Alabama.

The lichen has a thin, light green to grayish-green crustose thallus when fresh. Closely related species include Lecanora masana and Lecanora orientoafricana.

Little River Canyon National Preserve
Little River Canyon National Preserve is a United States National Preserve located on top of Lookout Mountain near Fort Payne, Alabama, and DeSoto State Park. Created by an Act of Congress in 1992, the 15,288-acre (6,187 ha) preserve protects what is sometimes said to be the nation's longest mountaintop river, the Little River. The canyon was historically called "May's Gulf", "gulf" being a common term throughout the Cumberland Plateau for this sort of feature. Prior to being assigned to the National Park Service, the canyon area formed the southmost unit of Alabama's DeSoto State Park.
Tatjana Maria
Tatjana Maria (née Malek; born 8 August 1987) is a German professional tennis player. In July 2025, she reached her career-best singles ranking of world No. 36 at 37 years and 11 months old. In June 2016, she peaked at No. 54 in the doubles rankings.

She has won four singles titles and four doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one singles title on the WTA Challenger Tour. She has also won 19 singles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She has played 1268 singles matches, the third highest number of tennis matches in the Open Era, after just Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert.

She has made 16 appearances (23 matches) for Germany in the Billie Jean King Cup competition between 2006 and 2011 and since 2018. She won three of her four WTA Tour titles after giving births and after being 34, winning her biggest title (a WTA 500) at 37 years old.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
Aycan Önel
Aycan Önel (born 17 April 1933) is a Turkish sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

She competed at the 1957 AAA Championships, along with Gul Ciray being the first Turkish woman ever to compete in the United Kingdom.

Önel is the wife of Cahit Önel, another Turkish athletics Olympian at the 1960 and 1964 Games.

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.
Staniszkis
Staniszkis is a Polish surname, a Polish rendering of the Lithuanian surname Staniškis.

Jadwiga Staniszkis (1942–2024), Polish sociologist and political scientist

Maria Staniszkis (1911–2004), Polish lawyer

Witold Teofil Staniszkis (1880–1941), Polish professor of agriculture, politician and statesman

Maria Staniszkis
Maria Staniszkis (born October 20, 1911, died on December 4, 2004) was a Polish lawyer, legal counsel, member of the ONR. In 1936, she headed the propaganda section of the District Department of Sokołów Mazowieckie District TG "Sokół". After the war, she co-founded the Association of Legal Advisors in Poland. In 1983, she became the first head of the Legal Advisers Research Center.
Enel Generación Perú
Enel Generación Perú S.A.A., formerly Edegel, was the largest private electric power generation company in Peru. The company has a total installed capacity of more than 1.400 megawatts (MW) and it supplies to the Peruvian National Grid.

The company is owned by Enel until 2023 when sold of its assets to China Southern Power Grid.

China Southern Power Grid
China Southern Power Grid Company Limited (CSG; Chinese: 中国南方电网; pinyin: Zhōngguó Nánfāng Diànwǎng) is one of the two Chinese state-owned enterprises established in 2002 in a power system reform promulgated by the State Council, the other being the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC). It is overseen by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council and it manages investment, construction and management of power transmission, transformation and distribution covering China's five southern provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan, while power generation is done by five other power generation groups. The company is headquartered in Guangzhou, Guangdong.

China Southern Power Grid accounts for 20% of the Chinese grid while SGCC accounts for the remaining 80%.: 40
Myx Music Awards
The Myx Music Awards, currently known as the Myx Awards, are accolades presented by the cable channel Myx to honor the biggest hitmakers in the Philippines. The awards ceremony is held annually and occurs most commonly in March, and broadcast delayed on Myx. Myx viewers from all over the Philippines decide the winners in 17 major categories via SMS text messaging by 2010 it is 60% fan votes through internet and 40% artists votes.

Sarah Geronimo has the most wins in the history of the award ceremony.

Text messaging
Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile phones, tablet computers, smartwatches, desktops/laptops, or another type of compatible computer. Text messages may be sent over a cellular network or may also be sent via satellite or Internet connection.

The term originally referred to messages sent using the Short Message Service (SMS) on mobile devices. It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages using the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Rich Communication Services (RCS), which can contain digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms known as emoji (happy faces, sad faces, and other icons), and on various instant messaging apps. Text messaging has been an extremely popular medium of communication since the turn of the century and has also influenced changes in society.
Yuraq Q'asa (Pumanuta)
Yuraq Q'asa or Yuraqq'asa (Quechua yuraq white, q'asa mountain pass, "white mountain pass", Hispanicized spelling Yurac Jasa) is a mountain in the Willkanuta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, in the Nuñoa District, near a place named Pumanuta.

Nuñoa District
Nuñuwa District is one of nine districts of the Melgar Province in Peru. The town of Nuñoa has become a destination for tourists as they start the climb to Machu Picchu.  The growth of this local tourist industry has been stimulating changes in society, as the anthropologist Morgan Hoke has shown in a study of the impact of tourist eateries, especially pizzerias, on dairy and cheese production and on consequently on women's participation in the Nuñoa economy.
Anna Klemens
Anna Klemens (1718–1800) was a Danish murder victim and an alleged witch. She was lynched in 1800 after being accused of sorcery in Brigsted at Horsens in Denmark–Norway, a lynching considered to be the last witch lynching in her country and, most likely, in all Scandinavia.

Long after the legal courts in Denmark stopped executing witches after the execution of Anne Palles and Johan Pistorius, the belief led to private trials and lynching of alleged witches during the 18th century. In the countryside in Øster Grønning in Salling in 1722, the villagers apprehended a woman, Dorte Jensdatter, whom they suspected of having caused several deaths and problems in the village by magic and held a private witch trial. When they were convinced, they tied her up in her own home and burned the house down with her in it. Several of the villagers were later sentenced to death for her murder.

Klemens' was the last of these lynch cases.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Apalachee River (Georgia)
The Apalachee River is a 74-mile-long (119 km) tributary of the Oconee River in the U.S. state of Georgia.  It rises north of Lawrenceville in eastern Gwinnett County and flows southeast to join the Oconee River in Lake Oconee west of Greensboro.

It is spanned by the Kilgore Mill Covered Bridge.

Early in the period of European settlement of the region, the Apalachee was known as the Tulapocca, and subsequently, the South Oconee River.  Around 1790, the river became known as the Apalachee, for unknown reasons, as the Apalachee were a native nation whose home was hundreds of miles (kilometers) away on the Florida Gulf Coast.

Apalachee
The Apalachee were an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, specifically an Indigenous people of Florida, who lived in the Florida Panhandle until the early 18th century. They lived between the Aucilla River and Ochlockonee River, at the head of Apalachee Bay, an area known as the Apalachee Province. They spoke a Muskogean language called Apalachee, which is now extinct.

The Apalachee occupied the site of Velda Mound starting about 1450 CE, but they had mostly abandoned it when Spanish started settlements in the 17th century. They first encountered Spanish explorers in 1528, when the Narváez expedition arrived. Their tribal enemies, European diseases, and European encroachment severely reduced their population.

Warfare from 1701 to 1704 devastated the Apalachee, and they abandoned their homelands by 1704, fleeing north to the Carolinas, Georgia, and Alabama.
Mahdi Ahouie
Mahdi Ahouie (born 1977) is an Iranian political scientist, and assistant professor of international politics, and member of the Department of Iranian Studies at the University of Tehran. In April 2025 he was appointed Vice-President of the Iranology Foundation in Tehran. He is also working as a psychoanalyst.  He has also been Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the Foundation for Interreligious and Intercultural Research and Dialogue in Geneva. Ahouie is known for his research on Israel's foreign policy, Middle Eastern politics and Iranian foreign relations.

Iranian Studies (journal)
Iranian Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering Iranian and Persianate history, literature, and society published quarterly by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Association for Iranian Studies (formerly known as the International Society for Iranian Studies). It was established in 1967 and up to 2021 was published 6 times a year by Routledge. The editor-in-chief is Nasrin Rahimieh.
Das Stundenglas
Das Stundenglas (English: The Hourglass) is a German text adventure game published in 1990 by Software 2000 and developed by Weltenschmiede, and released for Amiga, Atari ST and DOS. Das Stundenglas is part of a text adventure trilogy; it is succeeded by Die Kathedrale (1991) and Hexuma (1992). The trilogy lacks an overarching plot, and in each entry the setting, role of the protagonist, and goal differ between each game. Games in the trilogy do not require knowledge of the other entries and may be played as standalone games.

Sentence clause structure
In grammar, sentence and clause structure, commonly known as sentence composition, is the classification of sentences based on the number and kind of clauses in their syntactic structure. Such division is an element of traditional grammar.
Ethylene propylene rubber
Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), (sometimes called Ethylene propylene monomer (EPM) referring to an ASTM standard)  is a type of synthetic elastomer that is closely related to ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM rubber). Since introduction in the 1960s, annual production has increased to 870,000 metric tons.

EPR is used in electrical cable insulation, and in many flexible rubber goods such as hoses or weatherstripping.

Protic solvent
In chemistry, a protic solvent is a solvent that has a hydrogen atom bound to an oxygen (as in a hydroxyl group −OH), a nitrogen (as in an amine group −NH2 or −NH−), or fluoride (as in hydrogen fluoride). In general terms, any solvent that contains a labile H+ is called a protic solvent. The molecules of such solvents readily donate protons (H+) to solutes, often via hydrogen bonding. Water is the most common protic solvent. Conversely, polar aprotic solvents cannot donate protons but still have the ability to dissolve many salts.

Methods for purification of common solvents are available.
2009 Kuwait Crown Prince Cup
The Kuwaiti Crown Prince Cup is an end of season cup competition involving teams from the Kuwaiti Premier League and the Kuwaiti Division One league.

The 2009 edition is the 16th to be held.

In previous editions, the competition has been played over two legs, but it was altered to one leg for this year.

Al Kuwait Kaifan, the current holders of the cup, and last years finalists, Al Qadsia, receive a bye to the Second Round.

Kuwaiti Division One
The Kuwaiti Division One  (Arabic: دوري الدرجة الأولى الكويتي) is a second-tier professional Kuwaiti football league.  Winners of the league are promoted to the Kuwait Premier League.  Kuwaiti Division One was introduced for the 2006–07 season, when the bottom 6 clubs in the Premier League were relegated to Division One.

On 25 April 2016 it was stated that the Division One league would return for 2017–18 due to Kuwait Football Association being banned by FIFA therefore not allowing the tournament to return until reinstatement by FIFA.
Serbian Uprising of 1149
The Serbian Uprising of 1149 was instigated by the prince of Norman Sicily, Roger II, as a means to divert the resources of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos during his campaign to reconquer the island of Corfu, which had been taken by the Normans the previous year.

Serbian rebels first raided Byzantine territory in 1149, encouraged by Roger II, while Manuel was preoccupied with the Siege of Corfu. Manuel attempted to retaliate against the Serbs towards the end of the year, but was unable to engage them in open combat.  The following year, Manuel managed to reassert Byzantine authority in Serbia and Uroš II, the Grand Župan of Serbia, renewed his oath of servitude to Manuel.

By 1154, however, Uroš had been ousted from power by his brother Desa, who was favored by the Kingdom of Hungary to rule Serbia. When Manuel arrived with his armies, both Uroš and Desa swore oaths of allegiance to him, and Manuel placed Uroš back on the throne as his vassal, ending the conflict.

Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia
Uroš II[a] (Serbian Cyrillic: Урош II) was Serbian Grand Prince from c.1145 to 1162, with brief interruptions as ruler by Desa, his brother. His rule was characterized by a period of power struggle, not only of the Serbian throne between the brothers but between the Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Hungary, of which he took advantage. He had two brothers Desa and Beloš, and a sister Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary. Furthermore, Uroš II also had to contend with the Second Norman invasion of the Balkans (1147-1149).

Some researchers have proposed that several events (1162), narrated by John Kinnamos in reference to the grand prince Primislav (Serbian Cyrillic: Примислав), who is also known as Prvoslav (Serbian Cyrillic: Првослав), should be attributed to Uroš II, but those assumptions are not accepted by other scholars who hold that Primislav/Primislav was brother or cousin Uroš II.
Maurício
Maurício is the Portuguese variant of Mauricio.

Sportspeople with the name include:

Maurício Assoline, Braziian footballer

Maurício Cardoso da Silva, Brazilian footballer

Maurício Copertino, Brazilian footballer

Maurício Fernandes, Brazilian footballer

Maurício José da Silveira Júnior, Brazilian footballer

Maurício Lima, Brazilian volleyball player

Maurício de Oliveira Anastácio, Brazilian footballer

Maurício dos Santos Nascimento, Brazilian footballer

Maurício Ramos, Brazilian footballer

Maurinho, Brazilian footballer

Maurício Copertino
Maurício de Almeida Copertino (born 6 April 1970), known as Maurício Copertino, is a Brazilian professional football coach and former player who played as a centre-back. He is the current head coach of Santo André.
Ajay Kumar Bulganin
Ajay Kumar Bulganin  is an Indian politician who has served three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly from the Mohiuddinnagar seat in Bihar . His first victory was in February 2005 Bihar Assembly elections where he was the candidate for the Lok Janashakti Party. He won again October 2005 elections, this time as a member of the RJD. In the 2010 state assembly elections, Rana Gangeswar Singh of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won the Mohiuddinnagar seat defeating Bulganin.

Bulganin regained the seat in a by-election in 2014.

During the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, Ejya Yadav was selected as the Rashtriya Janata Dal candidate for the seat ahead of Bulganin, who ran as the candidate of the Jan Adhikar Party. Yadav won the race, defeating her nearest competitor, independent Rajesh Singh by over 23,000 votes.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.