hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sitemaps
Sitemaps is a protocol in XML format meant for a webmaster to inform search engines about URLs on a website that are available for web crawling. It allows webmasters to include additional information about each URL: when it was last updated, how often it changes, and how important it is in relation to other URLs of the site. This allows search engines to crawl the site more efficiently and to find URLs that may be isolated from the rest of the site's content. The Sitemaps protocol is a URL inclusion protocol and complements robots.txt, a URL exclusion protocol.

URL
A uniform resource locator (URL), colloquially known as web address, is a reference to a resource on the World Wide Web. A URL specifies the location of a resource on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably. A URL is most commonly used to reference a web page (HTTP/HTTPS) but is also used for file transfer (FTP), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.

Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. As an example of a web page URL, https://www.example.com/index.html indicates protocol https, hostname www.example.com, and file name index.html.
Franco-Indian alliances
Various Franco-Indian Alliances were formed between France and various Indian kingdoms from the 18th century to the ascent of Napoleon. Following the alliances of Dupleix, a formal alliance was formed by King Louis XVI during the American Revolutionary War in an attempt to oust the British East India Company from the Indian subcontinent. Later, numerous proposals of alliance were made by Tipu Sultan, leading to the dispatch of a French fleet of volunteers to help him, and even motivating an effort by Napoleon to make a junction with the Kingdom of Mysore through his 1798 campaign in Egypt.

Jacobin Club of Mysore
The Jacobin Club of Mysore was an alleged branch of the French Jacobin Club founded in 1794 by Frenchmen in the Kingdom of Mysore. It was purportedly supported by the ruler of Mysore, Tipu Sultan, who supposedly declared himself "Citizen Tippo" and planted a tree of liberty in support of the club's efforts.
Ulster Park, New York
Ulster Park is a hamlet in Ulster County, New York, United States. The community is located near U.S. Route 9W and 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Kingston, in the town of Esopus. Ulster Park has a post office with ZIP code 12487, which opened on November 29, 1847.

Ulster Park was also home to Camp Chi-Wan-Da, a Jewish summer camp where Sandy Koufax, Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers, spent his summers during his childhood and teenage years.

Ulster County, New York
Ulster County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It is situated along the Hudson River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 182,977. The county seat is Kingston. The county is named after the Irish province of Ulster. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
La Verrerie
La Verrerie (French: [la vɛʁ(ə)ʁi]; Arpitan: La Vèrriére [la vɛˈʁjeʁ(ə)] ⓘ is a municipality in the district of Veveyse in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2004 by the union of the municipalities of Le Crêt, Grattavache, and Progens. The municipality is administered from Le Crêt.

Canton of Fribourg
The canton of Fribourg, also canton of Freiburg, is located in western Switzerland. The canton is bilingual, with French spoken by more than two thirds of the citizens and German by a little more than a quarter. Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg.
Ravera
Ravera is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Camilla Ravera (1889–1988), Italian politician and the first female lifetime senator.

Gina Ravera (born 1966), American actress

Jean Laurent Ravera (born 1979), Monegasque swimmer

Lidia Ravera (born 1951), Italian writer, journalist, essayist and screenwriter

Élodie Ravera-Scaramozzino (born 1995), French rower

Jean Laurent Ravera
Jean Laurent Ravera (born August 29, 1979) is a Monegasque former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. Ravera qualified for the men's 100 m freestyle at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by receiving a Universality place from FINA, in an entry time of 56.86. He challenged seven other swimmers in heat two, including three-time Olympian Aleksandr Agafonov of Uzbekistan. He rounded out the field to last place by five hundredths of a second (0.05) behind Iran's Babak Farhoudi in a lifetime best of 56.47. Ravera failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed sixty-second overall out of 71 swimmers in the preliminaries.
Ten Rings (organization)
The Ten Rings is a fictional organization in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). It is a clandestine criminal organization founded one thousand years ago by Xu Wenwu, an immortal warlord, and named after his mystical ten rings. An original creation for the MCU, the group's name is an homage to the Mandarin's ten cosmic rings in the Marvel Comics.

The organization appears in the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Iron Man 3 (2013), Ant-Man (2015), and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021); as well as the One-Shot All Hail the King (2014). The Ten Rings were later integrated into the mainstream Marvel Universe.

Warlord
Warlords are individuals who exercise military, economic, and political control over a region, often one without a strong central or national government, typically through informal control over local armed forces. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories. The term is often applied in the context of China around the end of the Qing dynasty, especially during the Warlord Era. The term may also be used for a supreme military leader.
Al Rekayya
Al Rekayya (Arabic: الركية, romanized: Ar Rukayyah; also spelled Irkaya) is an agricultural district in southern Qatar, located in the municipality of Al Rayyan. It is close to the border with Al Wakrah Municipality.

Hassad Food owns a 162-hectare farm in Al Rekayya. As of 2012, the Qatari Arab Dairy Company (Ghadeer) owned and operated the largest farm in Qatar out of Al Rekayya. The farm spanned 1,200 hectares, had an inventory of roughly 2,400 cattle and primarily grew forage crops such as alfalfa and clover.

Alfalfa
Alfalfa (/ælˈfælfə/; in North America), lucerne (in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand), Medicago sativa is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world and is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. It has also been cultivated as livestock fodder since at least the era of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Alfalfa has clusters of small purple flowers followed by fruits spiraled in two to three turns containing 10–20 seeds. It is native to warmer temperate climates.
Eggs-and-bacon
Eggs-and-bacon or eggs and bacon is a common name for various plants with yellow and red flowers in the family Fabaceae, including:

Lotus corniculatus, native to Eurasia and North Africa

The Bossiaeeae and  Mirbelieae tribes of legumes native to Australia, including genera:
Aenictophyton
Almaleea
Aotus
Bossiaea
Callistachys
Chorizema
Daviesia
Dillwynia
Erichsenia
Euchilopsis
Eutaxia
Gastrolobium
Gompholobium
Goodia
Isotropis
Jacksonia
Latrobea
Leptosema
Mirbelia
Muelleranthus
Oxylobium
Phyllota
Platylobium
Podolobium
Ptychosema
Pultenaea
Sphaerolobium
Stonesiella
Urodon
Viminaria

Leptosema
Leptosema is a genus of thirteen species of flowering plants from the legume family Fabaceae, all endemic to Australia. They are shrubs with photosynthetic stems, the leaves reduced to scales, mostly red or green flowers arranged singly or in small groups, each with a reduced standard petal and usually ten stamens.
Flying Childers
Flying Childers (1715–1741) was a famous undefeated 18th-century thoroughbred racehorse, foaled in 1714 at Carr House, Warmsworth, Doncaster, and is sometimes considered as the first truly great racehorse in the history of thoroughbreds and the first to catch the public imagination.

Spanker (horse)
Spanker (foaled 1678), sometimes called Old Spanker or the Pelham Arabian, was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who sired many important horses in the history of the breed.  He was said to be the best horse in Newmarket, the home of British racing, during the reign of Charles II.
Heteroecus sanctaeclarae
Heteroecus sanctaeclarae, also known as the mushroom gall wasp (because it looks like a toadstool cottage in a children's book about woodland creatures), is a species of cynipid wasp that induces galls on huckleberry oaks and canyon live oaks on the Pacific coast of North America.

It has also been called the steeple gall wasp because the tops of the galls look like the onion domes of Eastern Orthodox churches. The larval chamber lies in the bottom section at the seam between the two sections of the gall. According to gallformers.org, the bud galls induced by this wasp come in many colors, including beige, grey, pink, purple, and white.

This species may have first been described in 1911 by David T. Fullaway as Callirhytis sanctae-clarae.

Onion dome
An onion dome, also known as onion cupola, is a dome whose shape resembles an onion. Such domes are often larger in diameter than the tholobate (drum) upon which they sit, and their height usually exceeds their width. They taper smoothly upwards to a point.

This feature is typically associated with churches belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church, although they also persist in other Eastern European countries, and occasionally in Western Europe: Bavaria (Germany), Austria, and northeastern Italy. Buildings with onion domes are also found in the Oriental regions of Central and South Asia, and the Middle East.

Other types of Eastern Orthodox cupolas include helmet domes (for example, those  of the Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir), Ukrainian pear domes (St Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv), and Baroque bud domes (St Andrew's Church in Kyiv) or an onion-helmet mixture like the St Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod.
Kristian Bezuidenhout
Kristian Bezuidenhout is an Australian pianist, who specializes in performances on early keyboard instruments.

He was born in South Africa in 1979 and grew up in King William's Town in Eastern South Africa. In 1988 his family decided to leave South Africa and move to Australia. There Bezuidenhout began his studies and completed them later at the Eastman School of Music. He studied fortepiano with Malcolm Bilson and harpsichord with Arthur Haas. At the age of 21 he gained international recognition after winning the first prize in the Bruges Fortepiano Competition.

As a guest pianist Bezuidenhout collaborated with the Freiburg Baroque Orchestra, Concerto Köln, the Collegium Vocale Gent and Les Arts Florissants. He performed with conductors John Eliot Gardiner, Philippe Herreweghe, Trevor Pinnock, Frans Brüggen, and Giovanni Antonini. As a lied pianist, Bezuidenhout recorded songs by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schumann.

Kristian Bezuidenhout resides in London.

Philippe Herreweghe
Philippe Maria François Herreweghe, Knight Herreweghe (born 2 May 1947) is a Belgian conductor and choirmaster.

Herreweghe founded La Chapelle Royale and Collegium Vocale Gent and is renowned as a conductor, with a repertoire ranging from Renaissance to early Romantic classical music. He specialises in Baroque music, with a particular focus on the music of Johann Sebastian Bach.
CISTRSC
CISTRSC (pronounced Sister-Sea) is a mnemonic used by some Canadian glider pilots to remember the sequence of actions required before take-off.

This preflight check was developed by the Royal Canadian Air Cadets for use on the Schweizer 2-33 training glider. The check is not applicable to other glider types that are more complex than the 2-33 and include features such as flaps. Like all mnemonics this check has become part of aviation culture and folklore.

B-CISTRSC:

Ballast

Controls

Instruments

Spoilers

Trim

Release

Straps

Canopy

Aircraft flight control system
A conventional fixed-wing aircraft flight control system consists of flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an aircraft's direction in flight. Aircraft engine controls are also considered flight controls as they change speed.

The fundamentals of aircraft controls are explained in flight dynamics. This article centers on the operating mechanisms of the flight controls. The basic system in use on aircraft first appeared in a readily recognizable form as early as April 1908, on Louis Blériot's Blériot VIII pioneer-era monoplane design.
Lisa Wede
Inga-Lisa Wede (born 27 September 1951 in Övertorneå Municipality, Sweden) is a Swedish journalist, working for Sveriges Radio. From 2003 until his death in 2020 she was married to the actor Sven Wollter.

Övertorneå Municipality
Övertorneå Municipality (Swedish: Övertorneå kommun, Meänkieli: Matarengin kunta) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden, bordering Finland. Its seat is located in Övertorneå.

Until the Finnish War (1808–1809) Övertorneå and the Finnish Ylitornio were a single parish. Following the war, the eastern part of the municipality was ceded to Russia as a part of Finland. In 1870 a minor part of Övertorneå Municipality was split off, forming the rural municipality Korpilombolo (now part of Pajala Municipality). In 1969 Övertorneå and Hietaniemi municipalities were merged, forming the present municipality.

Many places in the municipality have both a Swedish and a Meänkieli name, one of the minority languages of Sweden.
Dvigrad
Dvigrad ("Twin-town"; Italian: Due Castelli, Istriot: Docastei), is an abandoned medieval town in central Istria, west Croatia. It is located in the Draga valley. The history of the settlement is prehistoric; it remained inhabited until the 18th century.

The Regional Programme for Cultural and Natural Heritage in South East Europe is attempting to preserve and reconstruct the town.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
David Leatherbarrow
David Leatherbarrow is Professor of Architecture and Chair of the Graduate Group in Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design, Philadelphia, where he has taught since 1984. He received his B.Arch. from the University of Kentucky and holds a Ph.D. in Art from the University of Essex. He has also taught in England, at Cambridge University and the University of Westminster (formerly the Polytechnic of Central London).

He is primarily known for his contributions to the field of architectural phenomenology. Questions of how architecture appears, how architecture is perceived, and how topography shapes architecture often direct his research.

He is influenced by architectural theorists Dalibor Vesely and Joseph Rykwert, who both taught at Essex in the 1970s and also influenced Alberto Pérez-Gómez and numerous other scholars in the field of architectural phenomenology and history.

University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design
The University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design is the design school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia. It offers degrees in architecture, landscape architecture, city and regional planning, historic preservation, and fine arts, as well as several dual degrees with other graduate schools at the University of Pennsylvania. Formerly known as PennDesign, it was renamed in 2019 after Stuart Weitzman donated an undisclosed sum.
SRC Inc.
SRC Inc., formerly Syracuse Research Corporation, is an independent, not-for-profit research and development company in the defense, environment, and intelligence industries. SRC is chartered by the State of New York, with headquarters in North Syracuse, New York.

The company develops advanced radar, electronic warfare, communications systems; and conducts intelligence consulting and engineering, environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment.

Industries, commerce and investment department (Punjab, Pakistan)
The Industries, Commerce and Investment Department (ICID) is a department of the Government of Punjab in Pakistan. The department promotes industrial development, trade and investment.

The department is headed by an elected minister as well as a secretary. Mian Muhammad Aslam Iqbal is the Provincial Minister of Punjab for Industries, Commerce and Investment since 27 August 2018.
Natatorium Park
Natatorium Park was a park in Spokane, Washington. It was originally the site of Ingersoll Park where a baseball field was built and became known as Twickenham Park, for the neighborhood that developed around it, until the natatorium was built. The swimming facility closed in 1968.

It used heated saltwater from the Spokane River. A greenhouse and gardens were added. It was switched to well water. The song "Dear Old Nat" by A. D. Scammell was written about it. Amusements were added.  The site is now a trailer park.

KSPS aired the documentary Remember When: Nat Park in 1996.

Spokane River
The Spokane River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 111 miles (179 km) long, in northern Idaho and eastern Washington in the United States. It drains a low mountainous area east of the Columbia, passing through the Spokane Valley and the city of Spokane, Washington.
Halych urban hromada
Halych urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Галицька міська територіа́льна грома́да, romanized: Halytska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada (municipality) in Ukraine, in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Halych.

The area of the hromada is 244.4 square kilometres (94.4 sq mi), and the population is 19,475 (2022 estimate)

Until 18 July 2020, the hromada belonged to Halych Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Halych Raion was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
AIDS amendments of 1988
AIDS amendments of 1988, better known as the Health Omnibus Programs Extension (HOPE) Act of 1988, is a United States statute amending the Public Health Service Act. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome amendments were compiled as Title II - Programs with Respect to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome within the HOPE Act of 1988. The Title II Act appropriated federal funding for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) education, prevention, research, and testing. The U.S. legislative title provisioned the establishment of the presidentially appointed National Commission on AIDS.
The S. 2889 legislation was passed by the 100th U.S. Congressional session and signed by President Ronald Reagan on November 4, 1988.

Toll-free telephone number
A toll-free telephone number or freephone number is a telephone number that is billed for all arriving calls. For the calling party, a call to a toll-free number is free of charge, unless air-charges apply for mobile telephone service. A toll-free number is identified by a dialing prefix similar to an area code. The specific service access varies by country.
Arner
Arner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elias Arnér (born 1966), Swedish biochemist

Gwen Arner, American television director and actress

James G. Arner (born 1951), American judge

Sivar Arnér (1909–1997), Swedish writer and playwright

James G. Arner
The Hon. James G. Arner (born 1951 in Brookville, Pennsylvania) is the current two-term President Judge of the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas of Clarion County, Pennsylvania of the 18th district.

Arner is a graduate of Temple University Beasley School of Law (1978), Grove City College (1973), and Colorado State University (1975). He was elected in 1999 and is a member of the Pennsylvania Conference of State Trial Judges, Ethics Committee/Legislative Committee, and the Domestic Violence Bench Book Committee. He was previously in private practice.
Op. 55
In music, Op. 55 stands for Opus number 55. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Symphony No. 3

Brahms – Triumphlied

Chopin – Nocturnes, Op. 55

Alkan - Une fusee, Op. 55

Elgar – Symphony No. 1

Glazunov – Symphony No. 5

Haydn, J. - “Tost” Quartets, Set II, Op. 55

Ippolitov-Ivanov – Turkish March

Klebe – Das Märchen von der schönen Lilie

Krenek – Schwergewicht

Madetoja – Symphony No. 3 in  A major (1926)

Mendelssohn – Antigone

Nielsen – Tre Motetter

Prokofiev – Piano Concerto No. 5

Ries – Piano Concerto No. 3

Schumann – 5 Lieder

Sibelius – Nightride and Sunrise (Öinen ratsastus ja auringonnousu), tone poem for orchestra (1908)

Szymanowski – Harnasie

Tchaikovsky – Orchestral Suite No. 3

Tre Motetter
Tre Motetter (Three Motets), FS 139, Op. 55, is a composition for unaccompanied choir by Carl Nielsen. It is a setting of three quotations in Latin from different psalms chosen by the composer and his wife Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen. The three motets, Afflictus sum, Dominus regit me and Benedictus Dominus were first performed on 11 April 1930 at the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek by Mogens Wöldike and the Palestrina choir, to whom they are dedicated. Among the composer's last works, they were published in 1931 by the Skandinavisk Musikforlag in Copenhagen.
Clayton Latham
Clayton Latham (born 18 April 1980 in Toronto, Ontario) is a long jumper from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

Latham was a two-time NJCAA Division I All-American and Champion in the Long Jump while at Barton County Community College (2001-2003). He is the current Vincentian National Record Holder, with a mark of 8.08m established in Hamburg, New York July 29, 2008. He competed at the 2009 World Athletics Championships in Berlin without reaching the final.

2009 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump
The men's long jump at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Olympic Stadium on 20 and 22 August. The season had seen a number of athletes performing to a high level before the championships, with reigning World and Olympic champion Irving Saladino. The other athlete to jump that distance was Dwight Phillips, who is the world leader with a jump of 8.74 meters. Dwight Phillips took bronze in 2007 and is looking for his first win over Irving Saladino at an international level. Italy's Andrew Howe, the 2007 world silver medalist, withdrew from the Championships. Other expected to medal content are Olympic silver medalist Godfrey Khotso Mokoena and Olympic Bronze Medalist Ibrahim Camejo.