hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hanoi–Đồng Đăng railway
Hanoi–Đồng Đăng railway (Vietnamese: Đường sắt Hà Nội–Đồng Đăng) is a railway line in the country of Vietnam. It is a single-track standard-gauge and metre-gauge (dual-gauge) line connecting the capital Hanoi to Đồng Đăng, on the China-Vietnam border in Lạng Sơn Province. It has a total length of 162 km (101 mi).

At the border, the Hanoi–Đồng Đăng railway connects with the Hunan–Guangxi railway in China. The station on the Chinese side of the Friendship Pass is Pingxiang.

Along with the North–South railway, the Hanoi–Đồng Đăng railway line is part of a rail system across the Eurasian continent.

Dual gauge
A dual gauge railroad track has three or four rails, allowing vehicles of two track gauges to run on it.

Signalling and sidings are more expensive to install on dual gauge tracks than on two single gauge tracks. Dual gauge is used when there is not enough room for two single tracks or when tracks of two different gauges meet in marshalling yards or train stations.
Foresterhill
Foresterhill is an area of Aberdeen, Scotland. It is the site of the city's main hospitals (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, the Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital and the Aberdeen Maternity Hospital), as well as the medical school and medical science departments of the University of Aberdeen. It is the largest hospital complex in Europe.

Foresterhill is situated at the highest point in the city, a site identified by Professor Matthew Hay in 1900. He had the vision of an integrated medical campus, with a combined hospital and medical school for the City of Aberdeen.

The site has its own helicopter landing site due to the hospitals' roles as tertiary hospitals for the North of Scotland and the rurality of Grampian as a catchment area, plus this is the primary emergency hospital for the offshore industries.

County of city
County of city (or county of a city) was a term used for certain local government areas in Scotland between 1890 and 1975 which performed the functions of both a county council and the town council of a burgh and also served as their own judicial areas. There were four such areas, covering the cities of Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow. Each area was governed by a city corporation (also known as a town council) and was administered independently of the surrounding county. The counties of cities were abolished by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, and were replaced by regions and districts in 1975.
Scott Danberg
Scott Danberg (born July 28, 1962) is a Paralympic athlete from Florida in the United States competing in F40 events. Danberg has appeared in five Paralympics representing America in track and field, swimming and powerlifting.

His wife Pamela is also a Paralympic athlete. They married in 1988 and have a son.

T40 (classification)
T40 is  disability sport classification for disability athletics, specifically athletes of short stature. Male athletes under 130 cm (4 ft 3+1⁄4 in) and female athletes under 125 cm (4 ft 1+1⁄4 in) can compete in this category.
Datroniella
Datroniella is a genus of poroid crust fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed in 2014 by Chinese mycologists as a segregate genus from Datronia. Datroniella differs from Datronia by their moderately to frequently branched skeletal hyphae in the context, and absence of dendrohyphidia (modified terminal hyphae in the hymenium). The type species of Datroniella is D. scutellata, a fungus originally described as Polyporus scutellatus by Lewis David de Schweinitz. Datroniella fungi cause a white rot, usually on angiosperm wood.

Lewis David de Schweinitz
Lewis David de Schweinitz (13 February 1780 – 8 February 1834) was a German-American botanist and mycologist from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Considered the "Father of North American Mycology," he also made significant contributions to botany.
Gesmold
Gesmold is a town and former municipality, now part of Melle, in the district of Osnabrück, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is placed between the Wiehengebirge and the Teutoburg Forest.

It features Gesmold Castle, a Renaissance building. Another interesting place is the Church of St. Peter.

Wiehen Hills
The Wiehen Hills (German: Wiehengebirge, pronounced [ˈviːənɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ, also locally, just Wiehen) are a hill range in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony in Germany. The hills run from west to east like a long finger away from the main upland area of the Lower Saxon Hills, beginning at the Weser River near Minden and terminating in the vicinity of Osnabrück.
It is the northernmost of the German Central Upland ranges extending into the Northern Lowlands.
Their highest hill is the Heidbrink near Lübbecke with an altitude of 320 metres (1,050 ft).
Cholila, Argentina
42°31′0″S 71°27′0″W﻿ / ﻿42.51667°S 71.45000°W﻿ / -42.51667; -71.45000

Cholila, Argentina is a town located in Cushamen Department, Chubut Province, Argentina. It is located in Patagonia. The population of the town in 2010 was 1,560 and its elevation above sea level was 560 metres (1,840 ft) Cholila is located a few hundred meters from  Pellegrini Lake, also called Lago de los Mosquitos, 461 hectares (1,140 acres) in surface area.  Cholila sits at the foot of the Andes. Lake Cholila is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) in a straight line distance west north-west of the town.

Chubut Province
Chubut (Spanish: Provincia del Chubut [tʃuˈβut] – from Tehuelche chupat 'transparent'; Welsh: Talaith Chubut [taˈlaɪθ ˈχɨbɨt]) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning 'transparent', their description of the Chubut River.

The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it had 199,369 inhabitants at the 2022 Census. The administrative capital is Rawson (27,157). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn (97,625), Trelew (104,657), Esquel (36,624) and Sarmiento (13,892). Gaiman (6,376) is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as Y Wladfa in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated.
Barry Stewart (English cricketer)
Barry Stewart (born 3 December 1980) is an English cricketer.  Stewart is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace.  He was born in North Shields, Northumberland.

Stewart made his debut for Northumberland in the 1999 MCCA Knockout Trophy against the Durham Cricket Board.  Stewart played Minor counties cricket for Northumberland from 1999 to 2003, which included 9 Minor Counties Championship matches and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his only List A appearance against Leicestershire in the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wicket of Chris Lewis for the cost of 58 runs from 10 overs.  With the bat, he scored 2 runs before being dismissed by Anil Kumble.

Durham Cricket Board
The Durham Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Durham.

From 1999 to 2003, the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List-A status.
Terry L. Price
Terry L. Price (born 27 December 1966) is an American philosopher.

Price studied psychology and philosophy at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, graduating in 1989. He then completed a master of arts in philosophy at the University of Arizona in 1994. His studies in politics at the University of Oxford was funded by the John M. Olin Foundation. After Price obtained his M.Litt. in 1996, he returned to the University of Arizona to pursue a doctorate in philosophy. Price finished his Ph.D. in 1998, under the supervision of Joel Feinberg. He later became the Coston Family Chair in Leadership and Ethics at the Jepson School of Leadership Studies within the University of Richmond.

John M. Olin Foundation
The John M. Olin Foundation was a conservative American grant-making foundation established in 1953 by John M. Olin, president of the Olin Industries chemical and munitions manufacturing businesses. Unlike most other foundations, it was charged to spend all of its assets within a generation of Olin's death, for fear of mission drift over time and to preserve donor intent. It made its last grant in the summer of 2005 and officially disbanded on November 29, 2005. It had disbursed over $370 million in funding, primarily to conservative think tanks, media outlets, and law programs at influential universities. It is most notable for its early support and funding of the law and economics movement and the Federalist Society. "All in all, the Federalist Society has been one of the best investments the foundation ever made," wrote the Foundation to its trustees in 2003.
Zahavi
Zahavi (Hebrew: זהבי) or Zehavi is one of the common Hebrew translations for the Ashkenazi Jewish last names Goldman, Goldstein, and Goldberg. It can refer to:

Alex Zahavi (born 1991), American-born Israeli former footballer

Amotz Zahavi and Avishag Zahavi, evolutionary biologists; Amotz theorized the handicap principle

Dan Zahavi, Danish philosopher

Ephraim Zehavi, Israeli engineer

Eran Zahavi (born 1987), Israeli footballer

Helen Zahavi, English author

Pini Zahavi, Israeli football agent

Eran Zahavi
Eran Zahavi (also spelled Zehavi, Hebrew: ערן זהבי, /ɛˈrɑːn zəˈhɑːvɪ/ err-AHN zə-HAH-vi; born 25 July 1987) is an Israeli former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Zahavi was named Israeli Footballer of the Year twice (2013–14 and 2014–15), and finished as the top goalscorer of the Israeli Premier League for three consecutive seasons, in 2013–14 (29 goals), 2014–15 (27 goals) and 2015–16 (35 goals, all-time league record). In December 2014, Zahavi broke the Israeli Premier League record for scoring in consecutive appearances after he scored for the 18th game in a row. In 2016, he broke the Israeli league six-decade-old season scoring record, beating the 1954–55 record. He was named the 2017 Chinese Super League MVP, and broke the league's single-season scoring record in 2019.

Zahavi made his debut for the Israel national team in 2010. He was a national team captain and is the current all-time top scorer for Israel with 35 goals.
Trolleybuses in Lugano
The Lugano trolleybus system (Italian: Rete filoviaria di Lugano) was a trolleybus system that formed part of the public transport network of Lugano, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, for nearly half a century.  Opened in 1954, the system had progressively replaced the Lugano tramway network by 1959, and was significantly expanded between 1975 and 1981.  However, it was closed in 2001, and the overhead wires had been completely removed by the summer of 2002.

At its height, the system consisted of four lines.  From its opening until the end of 1999, it was operated by Azienda Comunale dei Trasporti della Città di Lugano (ACT) (which was called the Azienda Comunale del Traffico (also ACT) until 1969).  Trasporti Pubblici Luganesi S.A. (TPL) took over on 1 January 2000.

Overhead line
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union of Railways for the technology is overhead line. It is known variously as overhead catenary, overhead contact line (OCL), overhead contact system (OCS), overhead equipment (OHE), overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE), overhead lines (OHL), overhead wiring (OHW), traction wire, and trolley wire.

An overhead line consists of one or more wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regularly spaced intervals along the track. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid.
Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting
On 16 November 2024, the Popular Forces, an Israeli backed militia/gang accused of links with the Islamic State, raided a convoy of 109 United Nations aid trucks and looted 98 of them, near Israeli military installations at the Kerem Shalom border crossing in the Gaza Strip. The perpetrators, who according to a UN memo may have had "protection" from the Israel Defense Forces, threw grenades and held truck drivers at gunpoint, forcing them to unload their aid. The incident further exacerbated the Gaza humanitarian crisis caused by the Gaza war. The incident has been described by the UNRWA as "one of the worst" incidents of its kind.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
Fier District
Fier District (Albanian: Rrethi i Fierit) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 counties. It had a population of 200,154 in 2001, and an area of 850 km2 (330 sq mi). Located in the south-west of the country, its capital was the city of Fier. Its territory is now part of Fier County: the municipalities of Fier, Patos and Roskovec.

Patos (municipality)
Patos (Albanian definite form: Patosi) is a town and a municipality in the County of Fier, Albania. The municipality was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Patos, Ruzhdie and Zharrëz, which became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town of Patos. The municipality's population is 18,227 as of the 2011 census, in a total area of 82.59 km2. It is the center of the oil industry in Albania, and is 7 kilometers southeast of the city of Fier.
New York Film Critics Online
The New York Film Critics Online (NYFCO) is an organization co-founded by Harvey S. Karten and Prairie Miller in 2000, composed of Internet film critics based in New York City. The group meets once a year, in December, for voting on its annual NYFCO Awards. Prairie Miller, Avi Offer and Karen Benardello form the NYFCO's Governing Committee, and members include such vet and influential critics as Rex Reed, Armond White, Stephanie Zacharek, and Emanuel Levy.

Take Shelter
Take Shelter is a 2011 American psychological thriller film written and directed by Jeff Nichols and starring Michael Shannon and Jessica Chastain. The plot follows a young husband and father (Shannon) who, plagued by a series of apocalyptic visions, questions whether to shelter his family from a coming storm, or from himself and his increasing worry over having paranoid schizophrenia.

The film won two Saturn Awards—Best Writing for Nichols, and Best Actor for Shannon—and was nominated for two more, Best Horror or Thriller Film, and Best Actress, for Chastain. It explores themes of masculinity, mental illness, and the lengths people go to protect the ones they love.
Bull Valley Mountains
The Bull Valley Mountains are a 30-mi (48 km) long mountain range in southwest Utah, located in northwest Washington County. The range is adjacent the Utah border and attached to the Clover Mountains of southeast Nevada. The Great Basin Divide transects the summits of both ranges, with the Escalante Desert north and northeast of the Bull Valley Mountains, and south of the mountains the Colorado River watershed, and specifically the Santa Clara River which drains southeasterly from an escarpment along the mountain range's southeast flank.

Washington County, Utah
Washington County is a county in the southwestern corner of Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 180,279, making it the fifth-most populous county in Utah. Its county seat and largest city is St. George. The county was created in 1852 and organized in 1856. It was named after the first President of the United States, George Washington. A portion of the Paiute Indian Reservation is in western Washington County. Washington County comprises the St. George, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Romina Rocamonje
Romina Rocamonje Fuentes (born September 21, 1992) is a Bolivian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Bolivia 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2015 pageant. She also represented her country in Miss Supranational 2017 where she placed as one of the Top 25 semi-finalists.

Miss Bolivia
The Miss Bolivia is a national beauty pageant in Bolivia. The pageant was founded in 1930, and the first winner, Rosa Pizarro Araoz of Tarija, was sent to compete in Miss Latin America held in Miami, United States.
Fikr Taunsvi
Fikr Taunsvi real name Ram Lal Bhatia (7 October 1918 – 12 September 1987) was an Urdu poet, born in a village of Taunsa Sharif, now part of Pakistan. He was famous for his satires and was a Hindu by religion. He wrote twenty books in Urdu and eight in Hindi.

Urdu literature
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language. While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including the short story, or afsana (افسانہ). Urdu literature is popular mostly in Pakistan, where Urdu is the national language, and in India, where it is an Eighth Schedule language.
Acid–base homeostasis
Acid–base homeostasis is the homeostatic regulation of the pH of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF). The proper balance between the acids and bases (i.e. the pH) in the ECF is crucial for the normal physiology of the body—and for cellular metabolism. The pH of the intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid need to be maintained at a constant level.

The three dimensional structures of many extracellular proteins, such as the plasma proteins and membrane proteins of the body's cells, are very sensitive to the extracellular pH. Stringent mechanisms therefore exist to maintain the pH within very narrow limits. Outside the acceptable range of pH, proteins are denatured (i.e. their 3D structure is disrupted), causing enzymes and ion channels (among others) to malfunction.

An acid–base imbalance is known as acidemia when the pH is acidic, or alkalemia when the pH is alkaline.

Membrane protein
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending on their location.  Integral membrane proteins are a permanent part of a cell membrane and can either penetrate the membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of a membrane (integral monotopic). Peripheral membrane proteins are transiently associated with the cell membrane.

Membrane proteins are common, and medically important—about a third of all human proteins are membrane proteins, and these are targets for more than half of all drugs.  Nonetheless, compared to other classes of proteins, determining membrane protein structures remains a challenge in large part due to the difficulty in establishing experimental conditions that can preserve the correct (native) conformation of the protein in isolation from its native environment.
Bosilitsa
Bosilitsa (Bulgarian: Босилица) is a village in Chernoochene Municipality, in Kardzhali Province, in southern-central Bulgaria.  It is located 188.843 kilometres (117.342 mi) southeast of Sofia. It covers an area of  square kilometres and as of 2007 it had a population of 15 people.

Kardzhali Province
41°39′N 25°22′E﻿ / ﻿41.650°N 25.367°E﻿ / 41.650; 25.367

Kardzhali Province  (Bulgarian: Област Кърджали, romanized: Oblast Kărdžali) is a province of southern Bulgaria, neighbouring Greece with the Greek regional units of Xanthi, Rhodope, and Evros to the south and east. It is 3,209.1 km2 in area. Its main city is Kardzhali. It is Bulgaria's southernmost province.
Lewis Nkosi
Lewis Nkosi (5 December 1936 – 5 September 2010) was a South African writer and journalist, who spent 30 years in exile as a consequence of restrictions placed on him and his writing by the Suppression of Communism Act and the Publications and Entertainment Act passed in the 1950s and 1960s. A multifaceted personality, he attempted multiple genre for his writing, including literary criticism, poetry, drama, novels, short stories, essays, as well as journalism.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Mbabazi
Mbabazi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amama Mbabazi, (born 1949), Ugandan politician

Esther Mbabazi (born 1949), Rwandan pilot

Jacqueline Mbabazi (born 1954), Ugandan educator, politician and businesswoman

Janet Mbabazi (born 1996), Ugandan cricketer

Lillian Mbabazi (born 1984), Rwandan-Ugandan recording artist and entertainer

Pamela Mbabazi (born 1969), Ugandan university professor, academic, and academic administrator

Philbert Aimé Mbabazi (born 1990), Rwandan filmmaker

Rosemary Mbabazi, Rwandan businesswoman and politician

Pamela Mbabazi
Pamela Kasabiiti Mbabazi (born 6 April 1969) is a Ugandan university professor, academic, and academic administrator, who currently serves as the Chairperson of the National Planning Authority of Uganda. She was installed in that position in April 2019, to serve a five-year term, renewable one time. Her Chairperson role was renewed in 2024 to serve for another 5 years as NPA Chairperson.

She previously served as the deputy vice-chancellor of Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST). She was appointed to that position in 2010, for a renewable five-year term.
In-flight advertising
In-flight advertising is advertising that targets potential consumers aboard an airplane.  It includes commercials during in-flight entertainment programming, advertisements in in-flight magazines or on Boarding Passes, ads on seatback tray tables and overhead storage bins, and sales pitches by flight attendants. Ads can be tailored  to the traveler's destination, or several of the airlines destinations, promoting local restaurants, hotels, businesses and shopping.

Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities.  The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Barry Railway Class J
Barry Railway Class J were 2-4-2T steam locomotives of the Barry Railway in South Wales.  They were designed by J. F. Hosgood, built by both Hudswell Clarke and Sharp, Stewart and Company and were introduced in 1897. Their main use was on the Barry to Cardiff suburban service and had a reputation for always being smartly turned out.  They were all shedded at Barry. The locomotives passed to the Great Western Railway in 1922 and were all scrapped by 1930.

Sharp, Stewart and Company
Sharp, Stewart and Company was a steam locomotive manufacturer, originally based in Manchester, England. The company was established in 1843 following the dissolution of Sharp, Roberts & Co.. In 1888, it relocated to Glasgow, Scotland, where it later amalgamated with two other Glasgow-based locomotive manufacturers to form the North British Locomotive Company.