hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mississippi literature
The literature of Mississippi, United States, includes fiction, poetry, and nonfiction. Mississippi has a literary tradition that arose from a diverse mix of cultures and races. Traditional themes from this genre of literature lean towards the past, conflict and change, and southern history in general; however, in the modern era, work have shifted towards deeply Southern works that do not rely on these traditional themes.

Some prominent writers from Mississippi's past include William Faulkner, Richard Wright, Tennessee Williams, Eudora Welty and Shelby Foote, while modern writers include John Grisham, Natasha Trethewey, Jesmyn Ward, and Michael Farris Smith.

Shelby Foote
Shelby Dade Foote Jr. (November 17, 1916 – June 27, 2005) was an American writer and journalist. Although he primarily viewed himself as a novelist, he is now best known for his authorship of The Civil War: A Narrative, a three-volume history of the American Civil War.

With geographic and cultural roots in the Mississippi Delta, Foote's life and writing paralleled the radical shift from the agrarian planter system of the Old South to the Civil Rights era of the New South. Foote was little known to the general public until his appearance in Ken Burns's PBS documentary The Civil War in 1990, where he introduced a generation of Americans to a war that he believed was "central to all our lives."

Foote did all his writing by hand with a nib pen, later transcribing the result into a typewritten copy. While Foote's work was mostly well-received during his lifetime, it has been criticized by professional historians and academics in the 21st century.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. It provides a forum for review-type articles that are broadly accessible to a diverse audience of scientists and engineers. The current Editor-in-Chief is Peter R. Schreiner (Justus-Liebig-University).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 11.500, ranking it 21st out of 179 journals in the category "Chemistry, Multidisciplinary" and 2nd out of 57 journals in the category "Mathematical & Computational Biology".

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Adrian Piperi
Adrian "Tripp" Piperi III (born January 20, 1999) is an American male shot putter who won the individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships.  Three years later, he won the silver medal, a scant centimeter behind gold at the 2018 World U20 (Junior) Championships.

Competing for The Woodlands High School, he completed an undefeated senior season with the 2017 Texas State Championship in the shot put.  Collegiately, he competed for the University of Texas.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Tariq Ramadan
Tariq Ramadan (Arabic: طارق رمضان, [tˤaːriq ramadˤaːn]; born 26 August 1962) is a Swiss Muslim academic, philosopher and writer. He was a professor of contemporary Islamic studies at St Antony's College, Oxford and the Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford. He is a senior research fellow at Doshisha University in Japan and a visiting professor at the Université Mundiapolis in Morocco. He was a visiting professor at the Faculty of Islamic Studies at Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Qatar, and used to be the director of the Research Centre of Islamic Legislation and Ethics (CILE), based in Doha. Ramadan describes himself as a "Salafi reformist".

Doshisha University
Doshisha University (同志社大学, Dōshisha daigaku), also referred to as Dodai (同大, Dōdai), is a private university in Kyoto, Japan. Established in 1875, it is one of Japan's oldest private institutions of higher learning, and has approximately 30,000 students enrolled on four campuses in Kyoto. It is one of Japan's "Global 30" universities and a member of "Kan-Kan-Dō-Ritsu" (関関同立), a group of four leading private universities in western Japan's Kansai region, along with Kansai University, Kwansei Gakuin University, and Ritsumeikan University.
1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 200 metres
These are the official results of the men's 200 metres event at the 1983 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. There were a total number of 57 participating athletes, with eight qualifying heats and the final held on 14 August 1983.

At 22 years, 218 days old, gold medallist Smith was the youngest ever world champion for the men's 200 metres until 2019, when Noah Lyles, aged 22 years and 75 days, won the 2019 title.

Noah Lyles
Noah Lyles (born July 18, 1997) is an American track and field sprinter who competes in the 60 meters, 100 meters and 200 meters events. His personal best of 19.31 seconds in the 200 m is the American record, and makes him the third fastest of all-time. He is an Olympic champion and eight-time World champion.

In the 100 m, Lyles won the gold medal at the 2024 Olympic Games, is three-time world champion (4 × 100 m relay in 2019, 100 m and 4 × 100 m relay events in 2023), and was a 100 m and 4 × 100 m relay gold medalist at the 2016 World U20 Championships.

In the 200 m, Lyles is a four-time world champion (2019, 2022, 2023, 2025) and is the bronze medalist at the 2020 and 2024 Olympic Games. He also won a gold medal in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games.

Lyles completed a sprint triple by winning gold medals in the 100-meter, 200-meter and 4 × 100-meter events at the 2023 World Championships.
Giuliano
Giuliano (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈljaːno]) is an Italian name which is typically an equivalent of Julian, or in some cases a locative name from such places as Giuliano di Roma or Giuliano Teatino. A patronymic or pluralized surname derived from Giuliano is Giuliani.

Notable people with the name include:

Giuliano Teatino
Giuliano Teatino is a comune and town in the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy. It is located on a hill between the streams Venna and Dendalo, tributaries of the Foro River, and is a medieval burgh dating from the 11th century. It was a fief, among the others, of the Orsini and the Caracciolo.

Giuliano Teatino is a member of Cittaslow.
2004 Nauruan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Nauru on 23 October 2004. Non-partisan followers of Ludwig Scotty won a majority, and he was elected president by the parliament (the Nauruan president is effectively a prime minister as he is also an MP, as is the case in South Africa and Botswana).

Parliament of Nauru
The Parliament of Nauru has 19 members, elected for a three-year term in multi-seat constituencies. The president of Nauru is elected by the members of the Parliament. The number of seats was increased to 19 following elections in 2013.

The members of the Parliament of Nauru are elected by a positional voting system.
Afrobeat
Afrobeat (also known as Afrofunk) is a West African music genre, fusing influences from Nigerian (such as Yoruba) and Ghanaian (such as highlife) music with American funk, jazz, and soul influences. With a focus on chanted vocals, complex intersecting rhythms, and percussion, the style was pioneered in the 1960s by Nigerian multi-instrumentalist and bandleader Fela Kuti, who popularised it both within and outside Nigeria. At the height of his popularity, he was referred to as one of Africa's most "challenging and charismatic music performers."

Distinct from Afrobeat is Afrobeats, a combination of sounds originating in West Africa in the 21st century. This takes on diverse influences and is an eclectic combination of genres such as hip hop, house, jùjú, ndombolo, R&B, soca, and dancehall. The two genres, though often conflated, are not the same.

Soca music
Soca music, or the "soul of calypso", is a genre of music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago in the 1970s. It is considered an offshoot of calypso, with influences from Afro-Trinidadian and Indo-Trinidadian rhythms. It was created by Ras Shorty I (or Lord Shorty) in an effort to revive traditional calypso, the popularity of which had been declining amongst younger generations in Trinidad due to the rise in popularity of reggae from Jamaica and soul and funk from the United States. From the 1980s onward, soca has developed into a range of new styles.
Dafydd Jones (Dewi Dywyll)
Dafydd Jones or Dewi Dywyll (1803 – 1868) was a Welsh balladeer who performed in the Welsh language. His father was a carpenter in Llanybydder, Carmarthenshire, and he was born on the estate of Dolau Bach there. He was also known as Deio'r Cantwr (Davy the Singer) and Dewi Medi (Harvest Dave). Dafydd Jones gained the name Dewi Dywyll, which means Blind Davy, due to being blinded by accident.

Jones wrote ballads and sang them, gaining fame for his impromptu singing all over Wales in an age of wandering balladeers who were popular characters. He wrote at least 70 ballads according to the National Library of Wales.

Jones died at Lampeter in 1868.

Lampeter
Lampeter (/ˈlæmpətər/; Welsh: Llanbedr Pont Steffan (formal); Llambed (colloquial)) is a town and  community in Ceredigion, Wales, at the confluence of the Afon Dulas with the River Teifi. It is the third largest urban area in Ceredigion, after Aberystwyth and Cardigan, and had a campus of the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. At the 2011 Census, the population was 2,970. Lampeter was also a university town.
Gardiglan
Gardiglan (Persian: گرديگلان, also Romanized as Gardīglān; also known as Gardgīlān) is a village in Torjan Rural District, in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 420, in 81 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Torjan Rural District
Torjan Rural District (Persian: دهستان ترجان) is in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qahrabad-e Sofla. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Baghlujeh.
Batman: The Ride (S&S Free Spin)
Batman: The Ride is a 4D Free Spin roller coaster at two Six Flags parks in North America since 2015. The coasters were designed by S&S - Sansei Technologies, along with Alan Schilke, with the track manufactured by Rocky Mountain Construction.

As the name suggests, Batman: The Ride is themed to the DC Comics superhero, Batman.

Amusement Today
Amusement Today is a monthly periodical that features articles, news, pictures and reviews about all things relating to the amusement park industry, including parks, rides, and ride manufacturers. The trade newspaper, which is based in Arlington, Texas, United States, was founded in January 1997 by Gary Slade, Virgil E. Moore III and Rick Tidrow.

In 1997, Amusement Today won the Impact Award in the services category for "Best New Product" from the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA). A year later, in 1998, the magazine founded the Golden Ticket Awards, for which it has become best known for throughout the amusement park industry. On January 2, 2001, Slade bought out his two partners, giving him sole ownership of the paper. The paper has two full-time and two part-time staff members at its Arlington office, along with two full-time writers and several freelance writers in various parts of the world.
Uzunpınar, Adıyaman
Uzunpınar (Kurdish: Çarkezî) is a village in the Adıyaman District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Kawan tribe and had a population of 433 in 2021.

The hamlet of Gözecik is attached to the village.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
History of Russian postage rates
Postage rates in Russia have changed multiple times in the period 1917 to present. They have been introduced by the Soviet and Russian Federation governmental organs and agencies and reflected in alteration of stamp denominations.

Denomination (postage stamp)
In philately, the denomination is the "inscribed value of a stamp".

The denomination is not the same as the value of a stamp on the philatelic market, which is usually different, and the denominations of a country's stamps and money do not necessarily match. For instance, there might be a 47¢ stamp to pay a particular postal rate but there is unlikely to be a 47¢ coin.
Whitchurch (UK Parliament constituency)
Whitchurch was a parliamentary borough in the English County of Hampshire, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Unreformed House of Commons from 1586 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.

Unreformed House of Commons
The "unreformed House of Commons" is a name given to the House of Commons of Great Britain (after 1800 the House of Commons of the United Kingdom) before it was reformed by the Reform Act 1832, the Irish Reform Act 1832, and the Scottish Reform Act 1832.

Until the Act of Union of 1707, which united the Kingdoms of Scotland and England to form Great Britain, Scotland had its own Parliament, and the term can be used to refer to the House of Commons of England (which included representatives from Wales from the 16th century). From 1707 to 1801 the term refers to the House of Commons of Great Britain. Until the Act of Union of 1800 joining the Kingdom of Ireland to Great Britain (to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland), Ireland also had its own Parliament. From 1801 to 1832, therefore, the term refers to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Distance Over Time
Distance Over Time is the fourteenth studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released on February 22, 2019, and the band's first release on Inside Out Music. Distance Over Time was announced alongside a tour of North America during which Dream Theater would support the new album and celebrate the 20th anniversary of its fifth studio album, Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory (1999). On December 7, 2018, the lead single "Untethered Angel" and its music video were released. The second single, "Fall into the Light", was released on January 11, 2019. The third single, "Paralyzed", and its accompanying video were released on February 8, 2019. It is the band's most successful album chart-wise to date, taking top 10 positions in 19 countries (including going to number one in Germany and Switzerland).

Inside Out Music
InsideOutMusic is a progressive rock record label originally based in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, dedicated to releasing progressive rock, progressive metal and related styles. In 2009, it formed a partnership with Century Media Records and moved its base of operations to Dortmund, also in North Rhine-Westphalia. In August 2016, Century Media and InsideOutMusic were acquired by Sony Music Entertainment and moved their operations to Berlin.
Danutė Jočienė
Danutė Jočienė (Lithuanian: [[dɐˈnʊtɛ jɔˈt͡ʃiɛnɛ]]; born 10 November 1970) is a Lithuanian judge and legal professional who served as the President of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania from 18 June 2021 until 17 March 2023. In December 2024, she was nominated by the acting Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė to be a judge of the General Court of the European Union. She also served as a judge of the European Court of Human Rights from 2004 to 2013. Jočienė was a judge of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania from 2014 to 2023. She served as a judge of the Supreme Court of Lithuania. She is currently serving as the Judge of the General Court of the European Union.

Supreme Court of Lithuania
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos Aukščiausiasis Teismas) is the only court of cassation in the Lithuania for reviewing effective judgements and rulings passed by the courts hearing criminal cases at the first and appeal instances as well as decisions and rulings in civil cases passed by the courts of appeals. It is the highest court of cassation, but it cannot interpret the constitution, since that is under the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania. The current President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania is Danguolė Bublienė.
Bruno Reichart
Bruno Reichart (born 18 January 1943) is a retired German cardiothoracic surgeon who performed Germany's first successful heart transplant in 1981 and its first combined heart–lung transplant in 1983.

In 1984, he succeeded Christiaan Barnard at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town and was appointed president of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) from 1988 to 1990. He returned to Munich in 1990 as director of the Cardiac Surgery Clinic at the Klinikum Großhadern of the University of Munich (LMU).

He has also been active in experimental research in xenotransplantation and from 2011 became a spokesman for funded research into the transplantation of pig tissue and organs into primates, with a team involving veterinarians, virologists, clinicians, lawyers and ethicists.

International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), established in 1981, is a professional organization committed to research and education in heart and lung disease and transplantation. It holds annual scientific meetings and publishes The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. It also holds the worlds largest registry of heart and lung transplant data.
Frank Rickard
Wilbert Franklin Rickard (7 January 1884 – 19 January 1975) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Clarke Township, Ontario and became a farmer by career.

Rickard attended public and secondary schools at Newcastle. He served as a regional reeve for Clarke Township, Ontario and in 1933 was warden for Northumberland and Dufferin.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Durham riding in the 1935 general election and re-elected there in 1940. Rickard was defeated by Charles Elwood Stephenson of the Progressive Conservative party in the 1945 election.

Newcastle, Ontario
Newcastle is a community in the municipality of Clarington in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada. The community inherits the former name of the present-day municipality which it belongs to.

Newcastle is located about 80 km east of Toronto, and about 18 km east of Oshawa and Bowmanville on Highway 401. It is also the southern terminus of Highway 35 and Highway 115. It has been named one of the best small towns in Ontario, by Comfort Life, a website for retirement living in Canada.
Duncan McFarlan
Duncan McFarlan (died September 7, 1816) was a United States Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina between 1805 and 1807.

Born in Laurel Hill, North Carolina in Scotland County, McFarlan engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served in the North Carolina House of Commons in 1792 and the North Carolina Senate in 1793, 1795 and 1800. At the 1788 Hillsborough Convention, he voted against the ratification of the US Constitution. He was a convicted rapist.

McFarlan stood for election to Congress in 1802, but was unsuccessful; he ran again in 1804 and served one term, in the 9th United States Congress (March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1807). After his term in Washington, McFarlan returned to North Carolina and engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits, serving one further term in the state Senate, from 1807 to 1809. He died at Laurel Hill in 1816 and is buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Jackson Rooming House
The Jackson Rooming House, also known as Jackson House, is a historic building constructed in 1901 as a boarding house in the city of Tampa, in the U.S. state of Florida. It provided accommodations to African-Americans and other travelers of African descent during the era of racial segregation. It is located on the north end of downtown at 851 Zack Street, approximately one block west of Tampa Union Station. On March 7, 2007, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

National Register of Historic Places property types
The U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) classifies its listings by various types of properties. Listed properties generally fall into one of five categories, though there are special considerations for other types of properties which do not fit into these five broad categories or fit into more specialized subcategories. The five general categories for NRHP properties are: building, district, object, site, and structure.