hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Horner (diplomat)
Charles Horner (born April 8, 1943) is a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State and Associate Director of the U.S. Information Agency during the administrations of President Ronald Reagan, and is currently a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C.

He is married to former government official and businesswoman, Constance Horner.

Hudson Institute
Hudson Institute is an American right-wing neoconservative think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1961 in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, by futurist Herman Kahn and his colleagues Max Singer and Oscar M. Ruebhausen at the RAND Corporation.

Kahn was a physicist and military consultant known for envisioning nuclear war scenarios. The institute's research branched out from the military into various areas including economics, health, education, and gambling. Kahn died in 1983, and the institute moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1984. The institute helped design Wisconsin's influential workfare program in the mid-1990s. Hudson relocated to Washington, D.C., in 2004. It has been noted for work with governments and industries, including defense and agribusiness.
Trade Descriptions Act 1968
The Trade Descriptions Act 1968 (c. 29) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which prevents manufacturers, retailers or service industry providers from misleading consumers as to what they are spending their money on.
This law empowers the judiciary to punish companies or individuals who make false claims about the products or services that they sell.

Applying a false trade description to goods is a strict liability offence: provided it is shown that the description was applied and was false, the accused has to prove certain defences in order to escape conviction.

False descriptions as to services require the more normal proof of mens rea (guilty intent).

The act excludes matters relating to land and buildings, which were dealt with under the provisions of the Property Misdescriptions Act 1991.

Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities.  The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Le Minerale
Le Minerale is a brand of bottled drinking water from Indonesia produced by PT Tirta Fresindo Jaya, a subsidiary of Mayora Group. The product was first launched in 2015.

Le Minerale competes with several other bottled drinking water brands in the Indonesian market, particularly Danone's Aqua, the leading brand in the industry. The company has also expanded its presence to international markets, including the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, and Malaysia.

Danone
Danone S.A. (French pronunciation: [danɔn]) is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris. It was founded in 1919 in Barcelona, Spain. It is listed on Euronext Paris, where it is a component of the CAC 40 stock market index. Some of the company's products are branded Dannon in the United States.

As of 2018, Danone sold products in 120 markets, and, in 2018, had sales of €24.65 billion. In the first half of 2018, 29% of sales came from specialized nutritional preparations, 19% came from branded bottled water, and 52% came from dairy and plant-based products (including yoghurt).
Walter Höhndorf
Leutnant Walter Höhndorf (1892-1917) was a German pioneer aviator, test pilot, airplane designer and constructor, and fighter ace during World War I. He was credited with twelve aerial victories while flying for the Imperial German Air Service. Only one of his victories was achieved with a fighter squadron; the rest were scored while he flew for artillery direction and reconnaissance units.

Luftstreitkräfte
The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊftˌʃtʁaɪtkʁɛftə], German Air Combat Forces) – known before October 1916 as Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches (The Imperial German Air Service, lit. "The flying troops of the German Imperial Realm") – was the air arm of the Imperial German Army. In English-language sources it is usually referred to as the Imperial German Air Service, although that is not a literal translation of either name. German naval aviators of the Marine-Fliegerabteilung were an integral part of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). Both military branches operated aeroplanes, observation balloons and airships.
Hanyū, Saitama
Hanyū (羽生市, Hanyū-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 54,304 in 23,487 households and a population density of 930 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 58.64 square kilometres (22.64 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Monitoring Maintenance Lifecycle
The Monitoring Maintenance Lifecycle (MML) is a monitoring development process to lower maintenance expenses and improve the dependability of IT infrastructure with regard to service recovery-related issues. It is based on the classical Waterfall model.

Monitoring Maintenance Lifecycle are methods and standards for improving and mastering maintenance processes, supporting processes and management processes throughout the monitoring lifecycle.

The quest for the optimized mix of processes has resulted in different standards throughout the history. One of the latest which was published is the ISO/IEC 12207 standard. This standard was proposed in 1988 and published in August 1995. It was created to establish a common international framework to acquire, supply, develop, operate, and maintain.

ISO/IEC 12207 consists of three types of processes:

Primary lifecycle processes;

Supporting lifecycle processes;

Organizational lifecycle processes.

Industrial processes
Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical, or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale. Industrial processes are the key components of heavy industry.
Oregon Office of University Coordination
The Oregon Office of University Coordination is the agency designated by the Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission (HECC), established in 2013 under ORS § 352.002, to provide academic and fiscal coordination for seven public universities in Oregon. Beginning 2015–2016, the Office of University Coordination was authorized to process academic program approval through the HECC, make budget recommendations for public universities in Oregon, and allocate funds using a model for student success and completion. Effective July 1, 2014, three universities (University of Oregon, Oregon State University, and Portland State University) broke away from the Oregon University System. Effective July 1, 2015, the remaining four universities (Eastern Oregon University, Oregon Institute of Technology, Southern Oregon University and Western Oregon University) also became independent.

Portland State University
Portland State University (PSU) is a public research university in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1946 as a post-secondary educational institution for World War II veterans. It evolved into a four-year college over the next 20 years and was granted university status in 1969. It is one of two public universities in Oregon that are in a large city. It is governed by a board of trustees. PSU is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Portland State comprises seven constituent colleges, offering undergraduate degrees in 123 fields and postgraduate degrees in 117 fields. As of 2023, the university had a total enrollment of approximately 21,000 students. Its athletic teams are known as the Portland State Vikings, with school colors of green and white. They compete at the NCAA Division I level, primarily in the Big Sky Conference.
A. M. S. Adikari
Adikari Mudiyanselage Somapala Adikari (24 November 1935 - 14 December 2015) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, Minister of Tourism and the member of Parliament of Sri Lanka from Kalawewa representing the United National Party.

Adikari was elected to parliament from Kalawewa in a by election in 1974 following the death of R. B. Ratnamalala. He was re-elected 1977 general election.

United National Party
The United National Party (UNP; Sinhala: එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය, romanized: Eksath Jāthika Pakshaya, Tamil: ஐக்கிய தேசியக் கட்சி, romanized: Aikkiya Tēciyak Kaṭci) is a centre-right political party in Sri Lanka. Founded in 1946, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties for several decades, serving as either the country's ruling party or as part of its governing coalition for several periods of the country's independent history. After suffering a major split in the lead-up to the 2020 parliamentary elections, the UNP saw a collapse in parliament, with the party only winning one national list seat and losing all its votes to the new Samagi Jana Balawegaya alliance. Currently, the UNP is a notable third party in Sri Lankan politics.

The UNP has been led by former president Ranil Wickremesinghe since 1994. The party is a member of the International Democracy Union.
Ghulam Mustafa Bashir
Ghulam Mustafa Bashir (born 4 July 1987) is a Pakistani sports shooter. He represented Pakistan in the Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol event at the 2016 Rio Olympics, 2020 Tokyo Olympics and the 2024 Paris Olympics . He was the flag-bearer for Pakistan during the Parade of Nations at Rio Olympics.

Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol
The men's ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place on 1 and 2 August 2021 at the Asaka Shooting Range. Approximately 30 shooters from 20 nations are expected to compete in the rapid fire pistol, with the precise number depending on how many shooters compete in multiple events.
San Fernando Frog Festival
The San Fernando Frog Festival takes place in Pampanga in the Philippines.

As part of its aim to preserve the Kapampangan culture, the City of San Fernando, Pampanga organizes the Piestang Tugak to promote the various frog traditions of the province. Events include the paduasan  – a frog catching competition using traditional methods, various culinary events featuring Pampanga's unique frog cuisine such as betute or stuffed frog, and the frog olympics – fun games for young people. The festival was conceptualized in 2003 by three Most Outstanding Kapampangan Awardees namely Ivan Anthony Henares (City Tourism Officer, City of San Fernando), Rolan Quiambao (CSFP Arts and Culture Council Chairman), and Robbie Tantingco (Director, Center for Kapampangan Studies)

Kapampangan people
The Kapampangan people (Kapampangan: Taung Kapampangan), Pampangueños or Pampangos, are the sixth largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines, numbering about 2,784,526 in 2010. They live mainly in the provinces of Pampanga, Bataan and Tarlac, as well as Bulacan, Nueva Ecija and Zambales.
Frank Fernand
Franklin Fernandes (3 May 1919 – 1 April 2007), better known as Frank Fernand, was an Indian filmmaker and musician who is known for some of the earliest films in Konkani cinema, such as Amchem Noxib (1963) and Nirmon (1966).

Victoria No. 203
Victoria No. 203 is a 1972 Indian Hindi-language heist comedy film produced and directed by Brij. The film stars Saira Banu, Navin Nischol, Ranjeet, Anwar Hussain and Helen. Ashok Kumar and Pran play key supporting roles and earned the Filmfare nominations for the film. The music by Kalyanji–Anandji and the roles of Ashok Kumar and Pran made this a "superhit" at the box office.

The movie was remade in Telugu in 1974 as Andaru Dongale starring Shobhan Babu and Laxmi and in Tamil in 1974 as Vairam starring Jaishankar and Jayalalithaa. The 1995 Kannada movie Giddu Dada was also inspired by this movie. Priyadarshan scripted Malayalam film Samrambham is also its remake. It was also remade in Bengali in 2005 as Chore Chore Mastuto Bhai. A Hindi remake of the film produced by Brij's son Kamal Sadanah was released in August 2007 with the same title. The climax of this movie went on to be reused in the 1994 cult classic comedy Andaz Apna Apna.
Ludwig von Hagemeister
Ludwig Karl August von Hagemeister (Russian: Лео́нтий Андриа́нович Гагеме́йстер, romanized: Leontiy Andrianovich Gagemeyster; 16 June [O.S. 5] 1780 – 3 January [O.S. 22 December 1833] 1834) was a Russian naval officer who held the rank of Captain of the 1st rank in the Imperial Russian Navy. He was a maritime explorer of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean, and served briefly in 1817-1818 as the second Chief Manager of the Russian-American Company.

History of Russian military ranks
Modern Russian military ranks trace their roots to the Table of Ranks established by Peter the Great. Most of the rank names were borrowed from existing German/Prussian, French, English, Dutch, and Polish ranks upon the formation of the Russian regular army in the late 17th century.
Jack O'Reilly (Gaelic footballer)
John James O'Reilly (7 October 1896 - 18 March 1942) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His championship career at senior level with the Dublin county team spanned eleven seasons from 1919 until 1929.

Born in the North Wall area of Dublin, O'Reilly was the youngest of three sons born to John and Kate O'Reilly (née Hackett). He was educated locally and later worked as a van boy before joining the Irish Army.

O'Reilly first played competitive football with O'Tooles GAA club. In ten years, from 1918 until 1928, he won nine Dublin Senior Football Championship medals with the club.

Success at club level saw O'Reilly join the Dublin senior team and he made his debut during the 1918 championship. Over the course of the next decade, he won three successive All-Ireland Senior Football medals between 1921 and 1923. He also won four Leinster medals.

North Wall, Dublin
North Wall (Irish: Port Thuaidh) is an area east of the inner north side of Dublin, along the River Liffey where it forms one of the Dublin quays.

The name refers to the North Bull Wall, which was constructed to form Dublin Port, extend the Liffey estuary and reclaim land at various stages from the early 1700s until its final completion around 1825. The area is today used to refer to the area between Sheriff Street and the River Liffey.

It contains the entire north side of Dublin Docklands and includes the International Financial Services Centre, Spencer Dock, and further east, the main part of Dublin Port.
2024 Tenerife Challenger – Doubles
Andrew Harris and Christian Harrison were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Vasil Kirkov and Luis David Martínez won the title after defeating Karol Drzewiecki and Piotr Matuszewski 3–6, 6–4, [10–3] in the final.

Piotr Matuszewski
Piotr Matuszewski (born 22 April 1998) is a Polish tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 77 achieved on 24 February 2025.
Matuszewski has won eight ATP Challenger doubles titles.
Manuel Huerta
Manuel "Manny" Huerta (born March 22, 1984), is a Cuban-born triathlete. After emigrating from Cuba to the United States as a young man, Huerta began training as a professional triathlete. For the United States he won the silver medal in men's triathlon at the 2011 Pan American Games and in 2012 qualified as a member of the United States Olympic Team.  In 2013, he left the US Olympic Team to compete for the Puerto Rico Olympic Team.

United States at the Summer Olympics
The United States of America has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Summer Olympic Games with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics, during which it led a boycott in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee (USOPC) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States.
Echo-class survey ship (2002)
The Echo class was a class of multi-purpose hydrographic survey ships in commission with the Royal Navy. The ships were primarily tasked with conducting survey work in support of submarine and amphibious operations, however, the class also has a secondary role in mine countermeasures. The two vessels of the class were the most recent additions to the Royal Navy's Hydrographic Squadron. Each ship displaced approximately 3,700 tonnes, and was equipped with a state of the art suite of equipment. The lead ship of the class, HMS Echo, was retired in 2022 and her sister ship in 2023.

Hydrography
Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, security and defense, scientific research, and environmental protection.
National Accord
National Accord (Greek: Εθνική Συμφωνία) was a Greek political movement, initially founded in 2022 as a right-wing think tank by Konstantinos Bogdanos after he was expelled from the New Democracy parliamentary group. It later became a political party, the Patriotic Force for Change, after Bogdanos was expelled from the National Creation political alliance.

Konstantinos Bogdanos
Konstantinos Bogdanos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Μπογδάνος, romanized: Konstantínos Bogdános; born 27 December 1979) is a Greek politician and journalist who served as a member of the Hellenic Parliament for the Athens A electoral district from 2019 to 2023. Elected on the New Democracy ticket, he was expelled from the party in October 2021.

He currently leads the Patriotic Force for Change, a national conservative party which he founded on 26 September 2022.
Old City (Zamość)
The osiedle Old City (Polish: Osiedle Stare Miasto) is the oldest historic district of the city of Zamość. It is one of World Heritage Sites in Poland (added in 1992). According to UNESCO, this monument value lies in it being "an outstanding example of a Renaissance planned town of the late 16th century, which retains its original layout and fortifications and many buildings of particular interest, blending Italian and Central European architectural traditions". The Medieval Town has an area of 75 ha and a buffer zone of 200 ha.

The district was named one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated September 16, 1994. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
Archaeological Park of Segóbriga
Segóbriga is a former Roman city near Saelices, in the province of Cuenca in Spain.  It is possibly one of the most important archaeological sites of the Spanish Meseta.

The name Segóbriga derives from two words: "Sego" meaning victory and "briga" meaning city fortress. The translation would be "City of the Victory" or "Victorious City".

The site includes an amphitheatre, theatre, the city walls and gates, two thermal buildings or Roman baths, and the Forum. There is also a necropolis, and the circus (Roman race track) is being excavated - its outline can be seen from the top of the hill.

Forum (Roman)
A forum (Latin: forum, pl.: fora; English pl.: either fora or forums) was a public square in a municipium, or any civitas, of ancient Rome reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls. But such fora functioned secondarily for multiple purposes, including as social meeting places for discussion. Many fora were constructed at remote locations along a road by the magistrate responsible for the road, in which case the forum was the only settlement at the site and had its own name, such as Forum Popili or Forum Livi.
Aaker
Aaker or Åker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Aaker (born 1938), American business consultant and author

Drengman Aaker (1839–1894), American businessman and politician

Jedediah Aaker (born 1975), American actor

Jennifer Aaker (born 1967), American social psychiatrist

Jon Åker (1927–2013), Norwegian hospital manager

Lars K. Aaker (1825–1895), American businessman, farmer, and politician

Lee Aaker (1943–2021), American child actor

Richard Aaker Trythall (1939–2022), American-Italian composer

Jennifer Aaker
Jennifer Aaker (born January 15, 1967) is an American behavioural scientist and General Atlantic Professor and Coulter Family Fellow at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. She is known for her research on time, money, and happiness. Aaker also focuses on the transmission of ideas through social networks, the power of story in decision making, and how to build global brands across cultures. She is the recipient of the Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award from the Society for Consumer Psychology and the Stanford Distinguished Teaching Award.
Gavignano
Gavignano is a town   in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy. Gavignano is approximately 50 km south east of Rome, on a hill in the Lepini Mountains.

The name of the town is believed to be derived from the Roman consul and general Aulus Gabinius, a friend of Pompey and ally of   Julius Caesar.

The nearest train station is located in the town of Colleferro. Nearby, within the communal territory, is an archaeological site of a Roman villa from the Republican era, the villa "Rossilli",  believed to be a country home of the Julii family. At Rossilli there is also a historical abbey, built by the Benedictines in the 12th century.

Pope Innocent III was born there in 1160.

Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (Italian: città metropolitana di Roma Capitale) is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Lazio region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Rome and 120 other comuni (sg.: comune) in the hinterland of the city. With more than 4.2 million inhabitants, it is the largest metropolitan city in Italy as of 2025.

It was established on 1 January 2015 by the terms of Law 142/1990 (Reform of local authorities) and by Law 56/2014. It superseded the province of Rome. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (Sindaco metropolitano) and governed by the Metropolitan Council (Consiglio metropolitano). Roberto Gualtieri is the incumbent mayor, having taken office on 21 October 2021.