hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sali Ormeni
Sali Ormeni (15 January 1914 – 2 March 1951) was an Albanian army colonel and politician who served as the 20th director of the Albanian State Police. He died on March 2, 1951, one week after the bombing of the Soviet embassy. The government authorities stated at the time that he had committed suicide, but this has later been disputed. His body was found near the village of Papër, Elbasan.

Elbasan
Elbasan (/ˌɛlbəˈsɑːn/ EL-bə-SAHN, Albanian: [ɛlbaˈsan]; Albanian definite form: Elbasani, pronounced [ɛlbaˈsani]) is the fourth most populous city of Albania and seat of Elbasan County and Elbasan Municipality. It lies to the north of the river Shkumbin between the Skanderbeg Mountains and the Myzeqe Plain in central Albania.
Sansoen Suea Pa
Sansoen Suea Pa (Thai: สรรเสริญเสือป่า, lit: Glory to the Wild Tigers) is the march of the Wild Tiger Corps. It is a western arrangement of Bulan Loi Luean, a song composed by King Rama II (continued by Khru Mi Khaek) that was used as the royal anthem during King Rama V's reign.

The song is still performed in various ceremonies related to the Thai king (especially King Vajiravudh Rama VI), and the march composition was used in the royal funeral of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Coronation of Vajiralongkorn in 2019.

Monarchy of Thailand
The monarchy of Thailand is the constitutional form of government of Thailand (formerly Siam). The king of Thailand (Thai: พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, historically, king of Siam; Thai: พระเจ้ากรุงสยาม) is the head of state and head of the ruling Chakri dynasty.

Although the current Chakri dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots in the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century. The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless socialist-leaning Siamese Revolution of 1932. The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. 
The king of Thailand is head of state, Highest Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, adherent of Buddhism and upholder of religions.
IFAR 22
The IFAR 22 (short for "Indonesian Future Assault Rifle") is a bullpup assault rifle manufactured by PT Republik Armamen Industri, chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO. It was unveiled at the Indo Defence Expo 2022 at the Jakarta International Expo.

Development of the IFAR 22 is carried out in cooperation with the Ministry of Defense's Research and Development Agency and Pindad.

Assault rifle
An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate-rifle cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first put into mass production and accepted into widespread service during World War II. The first assault rifle to see major usage was the German StG 44, a development of the earlier Mkb 42. While immediately after World War II, NATO countries were equipped with battle rifles, the development of the M16 rifle during the Vietnam War prompted the adoption of assault rifles by the rest of NATO. By the end of the 20th century, assault rifles had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing full-powered rifles and submachine guns in most roles. The two most successful modern assault rifles are the AK-47 and the M16 designs and their derivatives.
NY SAFE Act
The New York Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement Act of 2013, commonly known as the NY SAFE Act, is a gun control law in the state of New York. The law was passed by the New York State Legislature and was signed into law by Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo in January 2013. The legislation was written in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, and the Webster, New York, shooting. Cuomo described the law as the toughest gun control law in the United States.

The NY SAFE Act contains a number of firearms regulations. It also contains a severability provision that allows other measures to remain in place in case the broad prohibitions against weapons are invalidated by the courts.

Newtown, Connecticut
Newtown (/ˈnutaʊn/ NOO-town) is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is part of the Greater Danbury area as well as the New York metropolitan area. Newtown was founded in 1705, and later incorporated in 1711. As of the 2020 census, its population was 27,173. The town is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region.
Eparchy of Bačka
The Eparchy of Bačka (Serbian: Бачка епархија, romanized: Bačka eparhija) is an eparchy (diocese) of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Bačka region, Serbia. It is situated in north-western parts of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, and the seat of the eparchy is at Saint George's Cathedral in Novi Sad.

Sombor
Sombor (Serbian Cyrillic: Сомбор, pronounced [sɔ̂ːmbɔr]; Hungarian: Zombor; Pannonian Rusyn: Зомбор, romanized: Zombor) is a city and the administrative center of the West Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city has a total population of 41,814 (as of 2022), while its administrative area (including neighboring villages) has 70,818 inhabitants.
Robert H. Briggs
Robert H. Briggs is a Fullerton, California, lawyer and independent historian.  As of 2010, Briggs's area of historical research related to violence in frontier Utah, in particular the Mountain Meadows Massacre of 1857.

A member of the Miller Eccles Study Group's board of directors, Briggs also wrote "The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line," as well as  reviews of Sally Denton's American Massacre, Will Bagley’s Blood of the Prophets, and Richard E. Turley, Jr. et al's Massacre at Mountain Meadows. In 2010, he contributed the article, within this larger philosophical theme, provocatively titled "Mormonism and Violence" to Mormonism: A Historical Encyclopedia.

Fullerton, California
Fullerton (/ˈfʊlərtən/ FULL-er-tun) is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 143,617.

Fullerton was founded in 1887. It secured the land on behalf of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Historically it was a center of agriculture, notably groves of Valencia oranges and other citrus crops, as well as petroleum extraction; transportation; and manufacturing. It is home to numerous higher educational institutions, particularly California State University, Fullerton and Fullerton College. From the mid-1940s through the late 1990s, Fullerton was home to a large industrial base made up of aerospace contractors, canneries, paper products manufacturers, and is considered to be the birthplace of the electric guitar, due in large part to Leo Fender. The headquarters of Vons, which is owned by Albertsons, is located in Fullerton near the Fullerton–Anaheim line.
Pinctada albina
Pinctada albina is a species of pearl oyster of the genus Pinctada, known as the Shark Bay shell. Another common name is the Arafura shell, endemic to Arafura Sea in Indonesia. It is called the "Amami gai" in Japan.

Arafura Sea
The Arafura Sea, also known as the Arafuru Sea, lies west of the Pacific Ocean, overlying the continental shelf between Australia and Western New Guinea (also called Papua), which is the Indonesian part of the Island of New Guinea.
Risley Hall
Risley Hall can mean:

Risley Residential College at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, USA

Risley Hall, Derbyshire, now a hotel

John Risley Hall at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

John Risley Hall
John Risley Hall is a student residence building at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Opened in September 2004 after approximately one year of construction, it the newest of Dalhousie's traditional co-ed dormitory-style residences. It is located at 1233 LeMarchant Street at South Street.
The Morells
The Morells are an American rock band from Springfield, Missouri. They released an album titled Shake and Push in 1982. The band's members have included bassist and producer Lou Whitney, guitarist D. Clinton Thompson, keyboardists Maralie (Whitney), Joe Terry, Dudley Brown, and drummer Ron Gremp.

As a producer and hired talent, they have worked with Dave Alvin, Jonathan Richman, Syd Straw, Robbie Fulks, The Bottle Rockets, Wilco, Carolyne Mas, The Del-Lords and Eric Ambel.

The Del-Lords
The Del-Lords were an American rock and roll band that formed in New York City in 1982, founded by The Dictators' guitarist Scott Kempner. The band combined elements of 1960s garage rock with country, blues and folk influences to become one of the early originators of urban, roots-rock. The band members were Scott Kempner, Manny Caiati, Eric Ambel and Frank Funaro.
2006 Washington Redskins season
The 2006 season was the Washington Redskins' 75th in the National Football League (NFL), and the third under head coach Joe Gibbs since his return to the team in 2004.

The team had posted a 10–6 record and a postseason berth the previous season (up from 6–10 in 2004). In 2006, however, the Redskins posted only five wins and finished last in the division.

The 2006 Redskins set an NFL record for fewest takeaways in a (non-strike) NFL season, with only twelve.

2004 Washington Redskins season
The 2004 season was the Washington Redskins' 73rd in the National Football League (NFL). Although they improved on their 5–11 record from 2003 to 6–10, they finished bottom of their division and missed the playoffs for the fifth straight year. The season saw Joe Gibbs come out of retirement to return as head coach. The team acquired running back Clinton Portis in a trade that sent Champ Bailey to the Denver Broncos in the 2004 offseason. Week 8 marked the first time since 1932 that the U.S. presidential election went against the Redskins Rule.
Domingo Cordero
Domingo Antonio Cordero Clase (born 17 October 1965 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a retired Puerto Rican track and field athlete who specialized in the 400 metres hurdles. His personal best time was 49.12 seconds, achieved in July 1991 in Xalapa. This was the Puerto Rican record.

He won gold and silver medals at the 1990 and 1993 Central American and Caribbean Games as well as the 1989 and 1991 Central American and Caribbean Championships. He won the bronze medal at the 1993 Central American and Caribbean Championships and the silver medal in 1995.

He also competed at the Olympic Games in 1988, 1992 and 1996 as well as the World Championships in 1991, 1993, 1995 and 1997 without reaching the final.

Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres hurdles
The men's 400 metres hurdles was an event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There were 55 competitors from 35 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Derrick Adkins of the United States, the nation's fourth consecutive and 16th overall victory in the event. Samuel Matete of Zambia earned that nation's first medal in the event with his silver. American Calvin Davis took bronze.
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Soil acidification
Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH. Chemically, this happens when a proton donor gets added to the soil. The donor can be an acid, such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or carbonic acid. It can also be a compound such as aluminium sulfate, which reacts in the soil to release protons. Acidification also occurs when base cations such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium are leached from the soil.

Soil acidification naturally occurs as lichens and algae begin to break down rock surfaces. Acids continue with this dissolution as soil develops. With time and weathering, soils become more acidic in natural ecosystems. The acidic soil can have negative effects on microbial organisms and plant health. Soil acidification rates can vary, and increase with certain factors such as acid rain, agriculture, and pollution. This effect can be prevented through methods such as surface liming, fertilizer reduction, and irrigation.
CFAD-FM
CFAD-FM was a community radio station in Salmo, British Columbia.

Owned by Salmo FM Radio Society, the station was licensed on July 31, 2008. It began broadcasting on October 11, 2008, at 92.1 MHz.

The station was one of several new community radio stations launched in the Kootenay region in the 2000s. Others include CJLY-FM in Nelson, CHLI-FM in Rossland, CJHQ-FM in Nakusp and CIDO-FM in Creston. CFAD was a member of the National Campus and Community Radio Association.

On May 2, 2012, Salmo FM Radio Society received approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to operate an English language FM community radio station to serve Salmo on the frequency of 91.1 MHz.

After 7 years broadcasting as a licensed community radio station, on January 3, 2017, the Salmo FM Radio Society turned off its transmitter and ceased broadcasting.

Salmo, British Columbia
Salmo is a village in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. It is mostly on the north side of Erie Creek at the confluence with the Salmo River. The place lies largely east of the junction of BC Highway 3 (about 42 kilometres (26 mi) southeast of Castlegar), and BC Highway 6 (about 41 kilometres (25 mi) south of Nelson, and 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the US border).
Estella, New South Wales
Estella is a northern suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. The suburb is relatively new with development commencing in the 1980s, however growth has been slow and land is still being subdivided.

The suburb is located directly to the south of Charles Sturt University, and to the west of Boorooma. The southern and western boundaries of the suburb are Old Narrandera Road and Pine Gully Road respectively.

Streets in Estella are named after crop varieties and individual associated with the Agricultural Research Institute.

In early 2012 the intersection of Avocet Drive and Booroma Street was upgraded to include a dual-lane roundabout. A new road creating further  access to Boorooma was also created.

Charles Sturt University
Charles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus public university located in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria. Established in 1989, it was named in honour of Captain Charles Sturt, a British explorer who made expeditions into regional New South Wales and South Australia.

It is the largest regional university in Australia, offering a multidisciplinary spectrum of courses in collaboration with various partners across the country.
Nagasaki 1st district (1947–1993)
Nagasaki 1st district was a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. Between 1947 and 1993 it elected five Representatives by single non-transferable vote. It was located in Nagasaki and, as of 1993, consisted of the cities of Nagasaki, Isahaya and Shimabara and the Nishisonogi, Kitatakaki, Minamitakaki, Kamiagata and Shimoagata counties.

Representatives for Nagasaki 1st district included home minister Ichirō Honda, construction minister Motoharu Baba, foreign minister Tadashi Kuranari, education minister Takeo Nishioka (president of the House of Councillors in the 2010s, LDP vice secretary-general Fumio Kyūma (defence minister in the 1990s and 2000s) and NFP co-founder Yoshiaki Takaki (education minister in the 2010s).

Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki
Nishisonogi (西彼杵郡, Nishisonogi-gun) is a district located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of January 1, 2009, the district has an estimated population of 72,238 and a density of 1460 persons per km2. The total area is 49.54 km2.
Throw Down Your Arms
Throw Down Your Arms is the seventh studio album by Sinéad O'Connor, also known as her reggae album. O'Connor sings cover versions of classic roots reggae songs, with production by Sly and Robbie.

The album was recorded in Kingston, Jamaica at Tuff Gong Studios and Anchor Studios in 2004 and released by Chocolate and Vanilla on 4 October 2005. In her memoir Rememberings, O'Connor said that she felt so strongly about making Throw Down Your Arms that she personally paid $400,000 of her own money for the record's production. 10 per cent of the profits went to support Rastafari elders in Jamaica.

The album contains a cover of the Bob Marley song "War", which O'Connor famously performed on Saturday Night Live in 1992 while ripping up a photo of Pope John Paul II.

The cover art depicts a photograph of O'Connor in the dress and veil she wore at her First Holy Communion as a child.

First Communion
First Communion is a ceremony in some Christian traditions during which a person of the church first receives the Eucharist. It is most common in many parts of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, Lutheran Church and Anglican Communion (other ecclesiastical provinces of these denominations administer a congregant's First Communion after they receive baptism and confirmation). In churches that celebrate a rite of First Communion separate from baptism or confirmation, it typically occurs between the ages of seven and thirteen, often acting as a rite of passage. In other denominations first communion ordinarily follows the reception of confirmation, which occurs at some point in adolescence or adulthood, while Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Christians first receive the sacrament of Holy Communion in infancy, along with Holy Baptism and Chrismation.
2021 in Italy
The following is a list of events of the year 2021 in Italy.

The year is marked by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the achievements of Italian representatives in many fields, including the Eurovision Song Contest, Paganini Competition, the Olympic and Paralympic games, UEFA Euro 2020, Sofia Open, European Open, World Pastry Cup and much more.

European Open (golf)
The European Open is a European Tour golf tournament. Founded in 1978, up to 1994 it was played at various courses in England, including Sunningdale and Walton Heath, except for the 1979 event, which was held at Turnberry in Scotland. Between 1995 and 2007 the tournament was held at the K Club in Straffan, Ireland, before moving again in 2008, this time to the Jack Nicklaus-designed Heritage course at the London Golf Club near Sevenoaks, Kent, England. After a five-year hiatus, the event returned to the European Tour schedule in 2015, now played in Germany.
Josette Andrews
Josette Andrews (née Norris; born December 15, 1995) is an American middle to long-distance runner.

Raised in Tenafly, New Jersey, Norris graduated from Tenafly High School in 2014, where she won the Meet of Champions in the 1,600 meters event during her junior season.

2021 Diamond League
The 2021 Diamond League, also known as the 2021 Wanda Diamond League for sponsorship reasons, was the twelfth season of the annual series of outdoor track and field meetings, organised by World Athletics. The 2021 season sees an increase back to 32 Diamond Disciplines from the 24 originally planned for the 2020 Diamond League. The final used a new format which took place over two days on 8–9 September in one final meet, the Weltklasse Zürich, as had been planned to be introduced in 2020 but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

A new award will be introduced for the "Best Performing Athletes" which will recognize ten athletes (five men and five women) for consistent top placements. US$50,000 will be awarded to one man and one woman in each of the sprints, hurdles, distance runnings, jumps, and throws.
SM U-23 (Germany)
SM U-23 was one of the 329 U-boats serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I.

U-23 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.

U-23 served on three war patrols, sinking a total of seven ships for 8,822 gross register tons (GRT). She was baited by the Q ship Princess Louise and torpedoed by HMS C27 at 58°55′N 0°14′E﻿ / ﻿58.917°N 0.233°E﻿ / 58.917; 0.233, off Fair Isle, in Shetland, Scotland. Twenty four men died and 10 survived.

Q-ship
Q-ships, also known as Q-boats, decoy vessels, special service ships, or mystery ships, were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

They were used by the British Royal Navy and the German Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War and by the Royal Navy, the Kriegsmarine, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the United States Navy during the Second World War. The German term is "Handelsstörer.

Though legally recognised as an acceptable tactic of military deception, they have attracted much controversy, enjoying only marginal success.
Ryan XV-8
The Ryan XV-8 Flexible Wing Aerial Utility Vehicle (nicknamed Fleep, short for "Flying Jeep") was an improved version of the Flex-Wing. Both aircraft were built by Ryan Aeronautical Company in collaboration with NASA for the United States Air Force and the United States Army and tested in 1961 as a STOL patrol, reconnaissance, and light utility aircraft to transport people or freight when a more specialized aircraft is not required or available.

Ryan Aeronautical
The Ryan Aeronautical Company was founded by T. Claude Ryan in San Diego, California, in 1934. It became part of Teledyne in 1969, and of Northrop Grumman when the latter company purchased Ryan in 1999. Ryan built several historically and technically significant aircraft, including four innovative V/STOL designs, but its most successful production aircraft was the Ryan Firebee line of unmanned drones used as target drones and unmanned air vehicles.
Atchison A. Ashby House
The Atchison A. Ashby House is a historic building located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States.  Ashby was a local physician who had this house built in 1916.  The Tudor Revival structure was designed by Omaha architect Frederick A. Henniger. It is possible that he designed four other houses on this same block of Summit Street.  The five houses are all two-story brick structures that share a similar block-composition, and are capped with tile roofs.  This house features faux half-timbering in some of the gable ends, a tall chimney with chimney pots at the top of the flue, and a red tile roof.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Flue
A flue is a pipe, or opening in a chimney for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, furnace, water heater, boiler, or generator to the outdoors. Historically the term flue meant the chimney itself.  In the United States, they are also known as vents for boilers and as breeching for water heaters and modern furnaces. They usually operate by buoyancy, also known as the stack effect, or the combustion products may be "induced" via a blower. As combustion products contain carbon monoxide and other dangerous compounds, proper "draft", and admission of replacement air is imperative. Building codes, and other standards, regulate their materials, design, and installation.