hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guipronvel
Guipronvel (French pronunciation: [ɡipʁɔ̃vɛl]; Breton: Gwiproñvel) is a former commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Milizac-Guipronvel.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Wheel theory
A wheel is a type of algebra (in the sense of universal algebra) where division is always defined.  In particular, division by zero is meaningful. The real numbers can be extended to a wheel, as can any commutative ring.

The term wheel is inspired by the topological picture  of the real projective line together with an extra point ⊥ (bottom element) such that .

A wheel can be regarded as the equivalent of a commutative ring (and semiring) where addition and multiplication are not a group but respectively a commutative monoid and a commutative monoid with involution.

Semiring
In abstract algebra, a semiring is an algebraic structure. Semirings are a generalization of rings, dropping the requirement that each element must have an additive inverse. At the same time, semirings are a generalization of bounded distributive lattices.

The smallest semiring that is not a ring is the two-element Boolean algebra, for instance with logical disjunction  as addition. A motivating example that is neither a ring nor a lattice is the set of natural numbers  (including zero) under ordinary addition and multiplication. Semirings are abundant because a suitable multiplication operation arises as the function composition of endomorphisms over any commutative monoid.
1973 WHA All-Star Game
The 1973 World Hockey Association All-Star Game was held in the Le Colisée in Quebec City, Quebec home of the Quebec Nordiques, on January 6, 1973. After a plan to pit WHA players against European players fell down due to legal reasons, the league instead pitted the two divisions against each other for an All-Star Game. The East All-Stars defeated the West All-Stars 6–2. Wayne Carleton was named the game's Most Valuable Player.

Quebec Nordiques
The Quebec Nordiques (French: Nordiques de Québec, pronounced [nɔʁdzɪk] in Quebec French, /nɔːrˈdiːks/ nor-DEEKS in Canadian English; translated "Northmen" or "Northerners") were a professional ice hockey team based in Quebec City. The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association (1972–1979) and the National Hockey League (1979–1995). The franchise was relocated to Denver in May 1995 and renamed the Colorado Avalanche. They played their home games at the Colisée de Québec from 1972 to 1995.

The Nordiques were the only major professional sports team based in Quebec City in the modern era, and one of two ever; the other, the Quebec Bulldogs, played in the National Hockey Association (NHA) from 1910 to 1917 and one season in the NHL in 1919–20.
Van Genuchten–Gupta model
The Van Genuchten–Gupta model is an inverted S-curve applicable to crop yield and soil salinity relations. It is named after Martinus Theodore van Genuchten and Satyandra K. Gupta's work from the 1990s.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Syntactic closure
In computer science, syntactic closures are an implementation strategy for a hygienic macro system. The term pertains to the Scheme programming language.

When a syntactic closure is used the arguments to a macro call are enclosed in the current environment, such that they cannot inadvertently reference bindings introduced by the macro itself.

Name binding
In computer programming, name binding is the association of a data or code entity with an identifier. An identifier bound to an entity is said to reference that entity. A machine language has no built-in notion of identifiers, but name-entity binding as a service and notation for the programmer is implemented by higher-level programming languages. Binding is intimately connected with scoping, as scope determines which names bind to which entities – at which locations in the program code (lexically) and in which one of the possible execution paths (temporally).

Use of an identifier id in a context that establishes a binding for id is called a binding (or defining) occurrence. In all other occurrences (e.g., in expressions, assignments, and subprogram calls), an identifier stands for what it is bound to; such occurrences are called applied occurrences.
Ffestiniog transmitting station
The Ffestiniog transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located on the slopes of Mynydd Maentwrog about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the town of Llan Ffestiniog, in Gwynedd, Wales. It was originally built by the IBA, entering service in early 1969 acting as a BBC and ITV relay transmitter for the now-defunct 405-line VHF television system.

Independent Broadcasting Authority
The Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) was the regulatory body in the United Kingdom for commercial television (ITV and Channel 4 and limited satellite television regulation – cable television was the responsibility of the Cable Authority) – and commercial and independent radio broadcasts. The IBA came into being when the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 gave the Independent Television Authority responsibility for organising the new Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations. The Independent Television Commission formally replaced the IBA on 1 January 1991 in regulatory terms; however, the authority itself was not officially dissolved until 2003.

The IBA appointed and regulated a number of regional programme TV contractors and local radio contractors, and built and operated the network of transmitters distributing these programmes through its Engineering Division. It established and part-funded a National Broadcasting School to train on-air and engineering staff.
Satake Yoshiharu
Satake Yoshiharu (佐竹義明, December 2, 1723 – April 25, 1758)  was the 7th daimyō of Kubota Domain in Dewa Province, Japan (modern-day Akita Prefecture), and then 25th hereditary chieftain of the Satake clan. His courtesy title was Ukyo-daifu and Jijū and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.

Kokushi (official)
Kokushi (国司; also read Kuni no tsukasa) were provincial officials in Classical Japan. They were nobles sent from the central government in Kyoto to oversee a province, a system that was established as part of the Taika Reform in 645, and enacted by the Ritsuryō system. There were four classes of kokushi, from the highest to the lowest: Kami (守), Suke (介), Jō (掾), and Sakan (目). In the Middle Ages, an acting governor called mokudai, the daikan of the kokushi, took over the local government of the province, while the kokushi returned to the capital to take on a supervising role.
New Buckenham
New Buckenham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk.

The parish covers an area of 1.73 km2 (0.67 sq mi) and had a population of 468 in 197 households at the 2001 census, falling marginally to a population of 460 in 209 households at the 2011 census. The small parish includes only the village, New Buckenham Common and some outlying houses and farmland. It is in the local government district of Breckland.

A nucleated village, New Buckenham has a medieval grid plan encompassing a green that originally served as the market place. At the green there is a historic market house, a grade II-star listed building which features a whipping post, and commonly called the Market Cross. The village entirely comprises a conservation area together with the adjacent Buckenham Castle, which lies in the neighbouring parish of Old Buckenham.

Grid plan
In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run perpendicular (at right angles) to each other, forming a grid.

Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogonal geometry, facilitate movement. The geometry helps with orientation and wayfinding and its frequent intersections with the choice and directness of route to desired destinations.

In ancient Rome, the grid plan method of land measurement was called centuriation. The grid plan dates from antiquity and originated in multiple cultures; some of the earliest planned cities were built using grid plans in the Indian subcontinent.
Martin County Airport
Martin County Airport (ICAO: KMCZ, FAA LID: MCZ) is a county-owned, public-use airport in Martin County, North Carolina, United States. It is located six nautical miles (7 mi, 11 km) west of the central business district of Williamston, North Carolina. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned MCZ by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned MCZ to Zumbi dos Palmares Airport in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil). The airport's ICAO identifier is KMCZ.

Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport
Maceió–Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport (IATA: MCZ, ICAO: SBMO), formerly called Campo dos Palmares Airport, is an international airport serving Maceió, Brazil. Since 16 December 1999 the airport has been named after Zumbi dos Palmares one of the pioneers of resistance to slavery in Brazil.

The airport has been operated since February 2020 by AENA.
Walther Franz Xaver Anton, Prince of Dietrichstein
Walther Franz Xaver Anton, Prince of Dietrichstein (18 September 1664 – 3 November 1738), was a German prince member of the House of Dietrichstein, 5th Prince (Fürst) of Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, Princely Count (gefürsteter Graf) of Tarasp, Baron (Freiherr) of Hollenburg, Finkenstein and Thalberg.

Boskovice
Boskovice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈboskovɪtsɛ]; German: Boskowitz) is a town in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 13,000 inhabitants. The area of the historic town centre, Jewish quarter, château complex and castle ruin is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Liston Garthwaite
Liston Garthwaite (full name: James Grant Liston Garthwaite) (1833 – 21 December 1918) was a British educator, author and translator who worked in British India in the nineteenth century.

From 1857 Garthwaite served as the headmaster of various schools in India and later as deputy school inspector. From 1869 he became school inspector.

Garthwaite prepared several textbooks and collected and published petitions in Kannada and Malayalam for the Government. In 1884 Garthwaite was awarded a Fellowship by the University of Madras. He was awarded the British title Kaisar-i-Hind Medal.

After his retirement in 1888, Garthwaite worked with missionaries to make Braille compatible for thirteen Indian languages.  In 1900, after several trips to South Australia, he moved there permanently to live in Norwood, South Australia.

Garthwaite died on 21 December 1918 in Glenelg, South Australia.

Glenelg, South Australia
Glenelg is a beach-side suburb of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. Located on the shore of Holdfast Bay in Gulf St Vincent, it has become a tourist destination due to its beach and many attractions, home to several hotels and dozens of restaurants.

Established in 1836, it is the oldest European settlement on mainland South Australia. It was named after Lord Glenelg, a member of British Cabinet and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. Through Lord Glenelg the name derives from Glenelg, Highland, Scotland.
Enchant, Alberta
Enchant is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Taber. It is on Highway 526 and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway, between Vauxhall and Lomond. It has an elevation of 810 metres (2,660 ft).

The hamlet is located in census division No. 2 and in the federal riding of Medicine Hat.

Enchant was once incorporated as a village but was dissolved from village status on February 1, 1945. The railroad arrived in 1914 and the first grain elevator was completed in 1915. Enchant was the site of the 1917 founding of the Evangelical Free Church of Canada.

Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner
Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner (formerly Medicine Hat) is a federal electoral district in southern Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1908.

Following the 2012 federal electoral redistribution, the riding was renamed Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner.

In 2016, 34.9% of the population of the Medicine Hat constituency were of German ethnic origin, one of the highest percentages in all of Canada.

In the 42nd Canadian Parliament, the seat was represented by Jim Hillyer of the Conservative Party of Canada until his death on 23 March 2016. In the first by-election in the history of the Medicine Hat constituency held on 24 October 2016, Glen Motz of the Conservatives was elected. Motz has been the riding's representative to Ottawa since then.
From the Place in the Valley Deep in the Forest
From the Place in the Valley Deep in the Forest is a short-story collection by American writer Mitch Cullin, and is the author's fifth book.  It was first published as a trade paperback in November 2001 by Dufour Editions in the US. A UK trade paperback edition was published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson in January 2005.  In 2007, the Italian publisher FBE released a trade paperback translation of the collection as Da Quel Luogo Nella Valle Dentro La Foresta.

The collection was given a starred review from Booklist in its December 12, 2001 publication.

Starred review
A starred review is a book review marked with a star to denote a book of distinction or particularly high quality. A starred review can help to increase media coverage, bookstore placement and sales of a book.

Outlets that published starred reviews include:

Booklist

The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books

The Horn Book Magazine

Kirkus Reviews

Library Journal

School Library Journal

Publishers Weekly

Shelf Awareness
Patrick Sutter (ice hockey)
Patrick Sutter (born July 6, 1970) is a Swiss former professional ice hockey defenceman who last played for EV Zug in Switzerland's National League A.

Sutter has participated as a member of the Swiss national team in numerous international tournaments, including the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at the E Center in West Valley City and Peaks Ice Arena in Provo, Utah, United States. The men's and women's tournaments were won by Canada, defeating the hosts United States in both finals. Sweden won the bronze medal in the women's tournament and Russia in the men's tournament.
Rhynchonella
Rhynchonella is an extinct genus of brachiopods known from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) to the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian, possibly Barremian). Formerly this genus was understood much more widely (more or less an equivalent of the Rhynchonellida order in the present-day taxonomy) and less critical sources still list species of Rhynchonella from the Ordovician to the Eocene. Like most brachiopods, Rhynchonella was a stationary epifaunal suspension feeder.

Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.
Bramble-class gunboat (1898)
The Bramble-class gunboat was a type of warship used by the Royal Navy between the 1890s and the 1920s. The four ships of this class were notable as the final development of the Victorian gunboat tradition, and for being one of the last classes of warship designed to travel under sail. One of them, HMS Thistle, retained a functional sailing rig into the mid-1920s.

Rig (sailing)
A sailing vessel's rig is its arrangement of masts, sails and rigging. Examples include a schooner rig, cutter rig, junk rig, etc. A rig may be broadly categorized as "fore-and-aft", "square", or a combination of both. Within the fore-and-aft category there is a variety of triangular and quadrilateral sail shapes. Spars or battens may be used to help shape a given kind of sail. Each rig may be described with a sail plan—formally, a drawing of a vessel, viewed from the side.

Modern examples of single-person sailing craft, such as windsurfers, iceboats, and land-sailing craft, typically have uncomplicated rigs with a single sail on a mast with a boom.
Zero Hunger Political Culture and Antipoverty Policy in Northeast Brazil
Zero Hunger: Political Culture and Antipoverty Policy in Northeast Brazil is a book by anthropologist Aaron Ansell published by the University of North Carolina Press in 2014. The book traces the interactions between an activist state (the Workers' Party or Partido dos Trabalhadores) and a historically impoverished segment of the nation, offering an alternative to clientelism and universalism through the introduction of "intimate hierarchies," which note the unofficial relationship and exchanges between politicians and their constituencies that maintain aspects of agricultural life in Northeast Brazil. The book won the 2015 Brazil Section Book Award from the Latin American Studies Association.

University of North Carolina Press
The University of North Carolina Press (UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a nonprofit university press associated with the University of North Carolina. It was the first university press founded in the Southern United States. UNC Press is a member of the Association of University Presses, with its office located in Chapel Hill.
Ekaterina Orlova (volleyball)
Ekaterina Orlova (born 21 October 1987) is a former Russian female volleyball player, playing as a middle-blocker. She was part of the Russia women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
She won the gold medal at the 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she plays for Volero Zurich, in Switzerland.

2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 29th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted by Netherlands and Belgium from 26 September to 4 October 2015. The championship managers were the Dutch Olympic gold volleyball medalist Peter Blange and the former Belgian volleyball player Virginie De Carne. Russia defeated Netherlands 3–0 in the final to capture their 19th title, while Tatiana Kosheleva was elected most valuable player back to back.
John Sankaramangalam
John Sankaramangalam (16 July 1934 – 30 July 2018) was an Indian filmmaker and former director of the FTII, Pune. He has also served the positions of vice-chairman of Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, principal of St. Joseph College of Communication and as a jury member of the International Film Festival of India. He was an executive member of CILECT.

He was a renowned teacher in filmmaking and recipient of numerous awards including National Film Award, Kerala State Film Award and Nargis Dutt Award.

St. Joseph College of Communication
St Joseph College of Communication, Changanassery (SJCC) is the first university affiliated media college in South India and was founded in August 2004.  It is a Christian minority self-financing education institution affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India. The college is first of its kind in South India, hosting more than 1000 students in 6 undergraduate and 4 postgraduate career oriented programs in media studies,  animation , graphic design and mass communication.

The college offers Bachelor and Master of Arts university degrees in animation, graphic design, cinema and television, print and electronic journalism, Interior Architecture & Artistry (interior design), visual effects, Sound Design and Visual Editing and more.
At the River's Edge: Live in St. Louis
At the River's Edge, by the rock band Styx is a single-disc version of Arch Allies: Live at Riverport, featuring only the Styx set, and including live versions of the tracks "Everything Is Cool" and "Lorelei" in place of the Jam versions of "Blue Collar Man" and "Roll with the Changes" that Styx performed with REO Speedwagon on that album.

James Young (American musician)
James Vincent Young (born November 14, 1949) is an American musician who is best known as one of the guitarists and occasional lead vocalists in the American rock band Styx, having served as the only continuous original member of the band.
Regional Museum, Bydgoszcz
The Leon Wyczółkowski Regional Museum (Polish: Muzeum Okręgowe im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego w Bydgoszczy) is an ensemble of cultural institutions which have been first created in 1923 in the city of Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Wojciech Weiss
Wojciech Weiss (4 May 1875 – 7 December 1950) was a prominent Polish painter and draughtsman of the Young Poland movement.

Weiss was born in Bukovina to a Polish family in exile of Stanisław Weiss and Maria Kopaczyńska. He gave up music training to study art at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków under Leon Wyczółkowski. Weiss originally painted historical or mythological paintings, but later switched to Expressionism after being profoundly influenced by Stanisław Przybyszewski. Weiss later became a member of the Vienna Secession. He was one of the first Polish Art Nouveau poster designers. Near the end of his life, he made several significant contributions to paintings of the Socialist realism in Poland.