hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meacham Lake
Meacham Lake is a 1,203-acre (4.87 km2) lake eight miles north of Paul Smiths in Franklin County, New York in the Adirondack Park. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) long, north to south, and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide. The lake is found at an elevation of 1,552 feet (473 m). Most of the lake is in the town of Duane; the southernmost shore is in the town of Brighton.

The state purchased most of the land around the lake in 1931-32, and it is a part of the Debar Mountain Wild Forest; motors are permitted on the lake.  There is a campground operated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation at the north end of the lake. Fish include northern pike, yellow perch, and bullhead.

The Osgood River, flowing north out of Osgood Pond is the principal source of Meacham Lake; it is drained by the East Branch of the St. Regis River.

The lake was originally discovered by the late Thomas Meacham.

Franklin County, New York
Franklin County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. To the north across the Canada–United States border are the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, from east to west. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 47,555. Its county seat is Malone. The county is named in honor of the United States Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Franklin County comprises the Malone, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. Much of Franklin County is within Adirondack Park. Within the border of the county is the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation, or Akwesasne in the Mohawk language. Its population was nearly 3,300 in the 2010 census. The people are linked by community and history with the Mohawk of the Akwesasne reserve across the river, spanning the border of Quebec and Ontario. The Mohawk have had authority under the Jay Treaty to freely cross this international border.
Bobby Bottcher
Robert Bottcher, Jr. (June 26, 1939 – August 10, 2024) was an American Dirt Modified racing driver. Bottcher had a 9-year winning streak at the Orange County Fair Speedway (New York, 1970–1979), capturing 26 modified features and the 1973 track championship at the venue during his career. Bottcher died at Palmerton, Pennsylvania on August 10, 2024, at the age of 85.

Orange County Fair Speedway
Orange County Fair Speedway is a 0.625 mi (1.006 km) dirt oval speedway in Middletown, Orange County, New York.  The facility used to hold weekly stock car races and demolition derbies during the summer months.  The track was built in 1857 for horse racing at the Orange County Fair and staged its first automobile race on August 16, 1919.  The fair began as an agricultural exhibit in 1843 and was permanently located in the Wallkill–Middletown area in 1857. The speedway is located at 239 Wisner Avenue in Middletown on land which was known as The Ogden Tract in the mid-1850s.  It was originally a half-mile horse racing track known as the Harry Clay Oval, named after a race horse that was famous at that time.  Over the years, the track was widened and lengthened to a true 5/8-mile race track.
2025 Rally Islas Canarias
The 2025 Rally Islas Canarias was a motor racing event for rally cars held over four days from 24 to 27 April 2025. It marked the forty-ninth running of the Rally Islas Canarias, and was the fourth round of the 2025 World Rally Championship, 2025 WRC2 Championship and 2025 WRC3 Championship. The 2025 event was based in Las Palmas on the island of Gran Canaria, and consisted of eighteen special stages, covering a total competitive distance of 301.30 km (187.22 mi).

Kalle Rovanperä and Jonne Halttunen won the rally, and their team, Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT, were the manufacturer's winners. Yohan Rossel and Arnaud Dunand were the winners in WRC2 category. Mattéo Chatillon and Maxence Cornuau were the winners in the WRC3 category.

Special stage (rallying)
A special stage (SS) is a section of closed road at a stage rallying event used for timed speed tests. Racers attempt to complete the stage in the shortest time. A race on a special stage is coordinated such that each competing racer begins after a set interval, to reduce the chance of impedance by other competitors. Each special stage is usually between 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and 30 kilometres (19 mi) in length. Some stages may be as long as 50 kilometres (31 miles) in length. A rally usually comprises approximately 15–30 special stages, over multiple days of an event. The driver with the lowest overall time for all special stages in an event is the winner.
Donald Knight
Donald Knight is the name of:

Donald Knight (cricketer) (1894–1960), English cricketer

Donald Knight (figure skater) (born 1947), Canadian figure skater

Don Knight (actor) (1933–1997), English movie, television, and stage actor

Don Knight (politician) (born 1942), Canadian politician

Don Knight (Manitoba politician)

Don Knight (politician)
Donald S. Knight (born April 9, 1942) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada.  He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1985 to 1987 who represented the riding of Halton—Burlington.
Jesus in Mandaeism
In Mandaeism, Jesus (Classical Mandaic: ࡏࡔࡅ ࡌࡔࡉࡄࡀ, romanized: Ešu Mšiha, lit. 'Jesus the Messiah') or Mšiha (Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡔࡉࡄࡀ, romanized: Mšiha, lit. 'Messiah'; Modern Mandaic: Emšihā) is mentioned in Mandaean texts such as the Ginza Rabba, Mandaean Book of John, and Haran Gawaita. Mandaeans consider Miriai, a convert from Judaism to Mandaeism, to be the mother of Jesus, although her son is considered to be a false prophet.

False prophet
In religion, a false prophet or pseudoprophet is a person who falsely claims the gift of prophecy or divine inspiration, or to speak for God, or who makes such claims for evil ends. Often, someone who is considered a "true prophet" by some people is simultaneously considered a "false prophet" by others, even within the same religion as the "prophet" in question. In a wider sense, it is anyone who, without having it, claims a special connection to the deity and sets themself up as a source of spirituality, as an authority, preacher, or teacher. Analogously, the term is sometimes applied outside religion to describe someone who fervently promotes a theory that the speaker thinks is false.
Ridler
Ridler is the surname of:

Anne Ridler (1912–2001), British poet and editor

David Ridler (born 1976), British footballer and team manager

Horace Ridler (1892–1969), British sideshow tattooed man

Nick Ridler, British engineer

Tony Ridler (1954–2015), Welsh darts player

Vivian Ridler (1913–2009), English printer, typographer and scholar

Nick Ridler
Nick Ridler from the National Physical Laboratory, in Middlesex, England, was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 "for contributions to traceability in precision high-frequency electromagnetic measurements".
Morley-Windmills SC
Morley Windmills Soccer Club is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in Morley, Perth, Western Australia. The club was founded 1973 from a merger of Windmills Soccer Club and Morley Soccer Club. They will compete the 2023 season in the Football West State League Division 2.

Football West State League
The Football West State League  is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Western Australia consisting of two divisions. The league sits at Levels 2 and 3 on the Western Australian league system (Levels 3 and 4 of the overall Australian league system). The competition is administered by Football West, the governing body of the sport in the state. Division 1 has been called the All Flags State League Division 1 due to sponsorship arrangements since 2011.
Anjan KC
Anjan KC (Nepali: अन्जन के.सी; born 14 December 1986 in Lalitpur, Nepal) is a footballer from Nepal. He played for Nepal national football team between 2005 and 2009. KC appeared in 2 FIFA World Cup qualifying matches for Nepal during the first round of 2008 Asian qualifiers.

Nepal national football team
The Nepal national football team (Nepali: नेपाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम) represents Nepal in International men's football, and is governed by the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA). A member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), the Nepali football team plays their home games at Dasharath Stadium in Kathmandu.
Introgressive hybridization in plants
Introgressive hybridization, also known as introgression, is the flow of genetic material between divergent lineages via repeated backcrossing. In plants, this backcrossing occurs when an  generation hybrid breeds with one or both of its parental species.

Introgression
Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species. Introgression is a long-term process, even when artificial; it may take many hybrid generations before significant backcrossing occurs. This process is distinct from most forms of gene flow in that it occurs between two populations of different species, rather than two populations of the same species.

Introgression also differs from simple hybridization. Simple hybridization results in a relatively even mixture; gene and allele frequencies in the first generation will be a uniform mix of two parental species, such as that observed in mules. Introgression, on the other hand, results in a complex, highly variable mixture of genes, and may only involve a minimal percentage of the donor genome.
Butko
Butko (Ukrainian: Бутко Russian: Бутько) is a Ukrainian surname and Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Butko

Bohdan Butko (born 1991), Ukrainian footballer

Oleksandr Butko (born 1957), Ukrainian journalist, editor, and television manager

Aleksandr Butko
Aleksandr Anatolyevich Butko (Russian: Александр Анатольевич Бутько; born 18 March 1986) is a Russian volleyball player, a member of Russia men's national volleyball team and Russian club Ural Ufa, 2012 Olympic Games.

In 2022, Butko was issued with a 15-month ban that ran from January 2022 to March 2023 for an anti-doping rule violation for trimetazidine following restesting of a sample made at the 2014 Russian National Volleyball Championships.
Abysmal Thoughts
Abysmal Thoughts is the fourth studio album by New York City indie pop project The Drums. The album was released on June 16, 2017, through ANTI-. It is their first studio album as the solo project of lead singer Jonathan Pierce.

The album was preceded by the single, "Blood Under My Belt."

Anti- (record label)
Anti- is an American record label founded in 1999 as a sister label to Epitaph Records.

Founded by Andy Kaulkin, Anti- first gained attention by releasing Tom Waits's Grammy Award–winning Mule Variations in 1999. Other veteran recording artists such as rhythm and blues singers Solomon Burke, Bettye LaVette, Mavis Staples and Marianne Faithfull have signed to Anti- after leaving other labels.
Riccardo Cortese
Riccardo Cortese (Siena, Italy, March 29, 1944 – Basel, Switzerland, April 27, 2017) was an Italian scientist, entrepreneur, and innovator in the field of gene expression, drug discovery and genetic vaccines. His work led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and cure of viral infections, including HIV, HCV, Ebola and RSV. He pioneered a novel platform technology based on simian adenoviral vectors for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, and authored more than 300 publications in peer-reviewed journals in the field of gene expression, transcriptional control, molecular virology and immunology.

Adenovirus vaccine
An adenovirus vaccine is a vaccine against adenovirus infection. According to the American CDC, "There is currently no adenovirus vaccine available to the general public.

It should not be confused with the strategy of using adenovirus as a viral vector to develop vaccines for other pathogens, or as a general gene carrier.
Suba Veerapandian
Subbaiah Palaniappan Veerapandian (born 22 April 1952), known popularly as Suba Veerapandian or Subavee, is an Indian political activist, author, orator, former Tamil-language professor and former film artist. Since 2007, he has been serving as the general secretary of the Dravida Iyyakka Tamilar Peravai, a Tamil Nadu-based political organisation that aims to promote Ambedkarite, Dravidian and Marxist ideals in the State and elsewhere.

In 2021, Subavee was appointed to two posts – Member of the Advisory Committee for Tamil Nadu Text Book and Educational Services Corporation, and as chairperson of the newly constituted Social Justice Monitoring Committee of Tamil Nadu.

Thileepan
Rasaiah Parthipan (Tamil: இராசையா பார்த்திபன்; 29 November 1963 – 26 September 1987; commonly known by the nom de guerre Thileepan) was a Tamil Eelam revolutionary and member of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a separatist Tamil militant organisation in Sri Lanka. He died while on hunger strike.
Lo Chia-ling
Lo Chia-ling (Chinese: 羅嘉翎; pinyin: Luó Jiālíng; born October 8, 2001) is a taekwondo athlete from Taiwan. 
After twice winning the gold medal at the World Taekwondo Junior Championships (in 2016 and 2018), she reached the Round of 16 at 2019 World Taekwondo Championships – Women's featherweight.

Having secured her berth at the 2021 Asian Taekwondo Olympic Qualification Tournament in Amman, Lo won the bronze medal in the 57 kg at the 2020 Olympics.

She won the silver medal in the women's featherweight event at the 2022 World Taekwondo Championships held in Guadalajara, Mexico. She also won the silver medal in the women's featherweight event at the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships held in Baku, Azerbaijan. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, she lost her first match to Laetitia Aoun and did not progress.

2022 World Taekwondo Championships – Women's featherweight
The women's featherweight is a competition featured at the 2022 World Taekwondo Championships, and was held at the Centro Acuático CODE Metropolitano in Guadalajara, Mexico on 14 November 2022. Featherweights were limited to a maximum of 57 kilograms in body mass.
178th Assault Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
178th Assault Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, was a British Army unit during World War II. Formed as a conventional field artillery regiment in 1942, it was sent to Burma where it was given a range of specialist roles, ranging from operating tracked self-propelled guns to manning light howitzers parachuted into jungle clearings. After the Japanese surrender, it saw action in the Allied Occupation of Java before disbanding in late 1946.

Battle of the Admin Box
The Battle of the Admin Box (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Ngakyedauk or the Battle of Sinzweya) took place on the southern front of the Burma campaign from 5 to 23 February 1944, in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II.

Japanese forces attempted a local counter-attack against an Allied offensive with the aim of drawing Allied reserves from the Central Front in Assam, where the Japanese were preparing their own major offensive. After initial setbacks, the Allies recovered to thwart the Japanese attack, pioneering the methods which would lead to further Allied victories over the following year.

The battle takes its name from the "administration area" of the Indian Army's 7th Division, which became a makeshift, rectangular defensive position for Major-General Frank Messervy and his staff after their divisional headquarters was overrun on 7 February.
Lyndsey Fry
Lyndsey Fry (born October 30, 1992) is a retired American ice hockey player. She was a member of the United States women's national ice hockey team. Fry was born in Mesa, Arizona, but grew up in Chandler, Arizona. She played college hockey for Harvard University.

Fry competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, where the USA team won the silver medal.

In January 2021, Fry was announced as part of the Arizona Coyotes radio broadcast team.

United States women's national ice hockey team
The United States women's national ice hockey team is controlled by USA Hockey. The U.S. has been one of the most successful women's ice hockey teams in international play, having medaled in every major tournament.

In 1998, the women's Olympic hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Year. In April 2015, the women's national ice hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Month.
St. Rumbold's Cathedral
St. Rumbold's Cathedral (Dutch: Sint-Romboutskathedraal; French: Cathédrale Saint-Rombaut) is the Roman Catholic metropolitan archiepiscopal cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium, dedicated to Saint Rumbold, Christian missionary and martyr who founded an abbey nearby. His remains are rumoured to be buried inside the cathedral. State-of-the-art examination of the relics honoured as Saint Rumbold's and kept in a shrine in the retro-choir, showed a life span of about 40 years and a death date between 580 and 655, while tradition had claimed 775 AD.

In 1999, the tower of the cathedral was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site, in recognition of its architecture and its importance in civic duties such as a watchtower.

Retroquire
In church architecture, a retroquire (also spelled retrochoir), or back-choir, is the space behind the high altar in a church or cathedral, which sometimes separates it from the end chapel. It may contain seats for the church choir.

An example of a retroquire is within Winchester Cathedral, which was built between 1200 and 1230 to house a shrine for Saint Swithun.

They are usually heavily decorated, as in the case of the cathedral of Burgos, from 1498, or in the cathedral of Avila, with the tomb of El Tostado, from around 1511, but there are also simple ones, as in the New Cathedral of Salamanca, all of them found in Castilla y León, Spain.
Claude Vignon
Claude Vignon (19 May 1593 – 10 May 1670) was a French painter, printmaker and illustrator who worked in a wide range of genres.  During a period of study in Italy, he became exposed to many new artistic currents, in particular through the works of Caravaggio and his followers, Guercino, Guido Reni and Annibale Caracci. A prolific artist, his work has remained enigmatic, contradictory and hard to define within a single term or style.  His mature works are vibrantly coloured, splendidly lit and often extremely expressive.  Vignon worked in a fluent technique, resulting in an almost electric brushwork. He particularly excelled in the rendering of textiles, gold and precious stones.

Guercino
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (8 February 1591 – 22 December 1666), better known as (il) Guercino (Italian pronunciation: [ɡwerˈtʃiːno] ⓘ), was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vigorous naturalism of his early manner contrasts with the classical equilibrium of his later works. His many drawings are noted for their luminosity and lively style.
Idalys Ortiz
Idalys Ortiz Bocourt (born 27 September 1989) is a Cuban retired judoka. She competed in the over 78 kg division at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympics and won a medal on each occasion. She won the silver medal in the women's +78 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. She announced her retirement from active sports after falling in the round of 16 at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games.

Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's +78 kg
The women's +78 kg competition in judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 12 August at the Carioca Arena 2.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver. Judo events awarded two bronze medals. Quarterfinal losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semifinal loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarterfinals A and B competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semifinal loser from the other half of the bracket).

The medals for the competition were presented by Patrick Joseph Hickey, Ireland, member of the International Olympic Committee and the gifts were presented by Zhou Jinqiang, International Judo Federation executive committee member.
Malini Awasthi
Malini Awasthi (born 15 October 1966) is an Indian singer, who has been called the Folk Queen of India. Having been trained classically, she is equally adept in various forms of Hindustani music like vintage Dadra, Thumri, Kajri Chaiti, etc. Her knowledge of music finds a reflection in her renditions of Ghazals and Sufiyaana Kalaam too. A Ganda-baandh disciple of Padma Vibhushan Vidushi Girija Devi, she is a connoisseur of 'Chaumukhi gayan' of Benares Gharana.  She commands equally over multiple dialects and languages like Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Bundeli, and Braj.

Acknowledging her decades long service to music of the land, Government of India awarded her the civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 2016. She is currently a visiting professor at Centre for Media Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University

Joram (film)
Joram is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language thriller film written and directed by Devashish Makhija and produced by Zee Studios with Makhijafilm. It stars Manoj Bajpayee, Tannishtha Chatterjee, and Smita Tambe.

The film is the third collaboration between Makhija and Bajpayee, following the 2016 short Taandav and the 2018 drama Bhonsle.

Joram was theatrically released on 8 December 2023. At the 69th Filmfare Awards, the film received three nominations, including Best Film (Critics) and Best Actor (Critics) for Bajpayee, winning the former.
External history
External history of a language refers to the social and geopolitical history of the language:  migrations, conquests, language contact, and uses of the language in trade, education, literature, law, liturgy, mass media, etc.  It is contrasted with internal history, which refers to linguistic forms (phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon) and semantics.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.