hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European maritime exploration of Australia
Several waves of European seafarers sailed the edges of Australia. Dutch navigators were the first Europeans known to have explored and mapped the Australian coastline. The first documented encounter was that of Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon, in 1606. Dutch seafarers also visited the west and north coasts of the continent, as did French explorers.

The most famous expedition was that of Royal Navy Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook, 164 years after Janszoon's sighting. After an assignment to make observations of the 1769 Transit of Venus, Cook followed Admiralty instructions to explore the south Pacific for the reported Terra Australis and on 19 April 1770 sighted the south-eastern coast of Australia and became the first recorded European to explore the eastern coastline. Explorers by land and sea continued to survey the continent for some years after settlement.

Joan Blaeu
Joan Blaeu (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjoːɑm ˈblʌu]; 23 September 1596 – 21 December 1673), also called Johannes Blaeu, was a Dutch cartographer and the official cartographer of the Dutch East India Company. Blaeu is most notable for his map published in 1648, which was the first map to incorporate the heliocentric theory into a map of the world and was the first map that incorporated the discoveries of Abel Tasman. Blaeu renamed what is now New Zealand as Nieuw Zeeland after the Dutch province of Zeeland; the anglicized version of the name is still in use today.
Ivan Gavran
Ivan Gavran (Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Гавран; born 12 April 1980) is a former Serbian footballer who played for Napredak Kruševac and Dobrudzha Dobrich amongst other clubs.

Born in Pristina (SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia), he previously played with FK Priština in the First League of FR Yugoslavia, FK Napredak Kruševac Austrian second division with FC Kärnten, Bosnia and Herzegovina with NK Žepče, FC Spartak Varna, Bulgarian third division with FC Dobrudzha Dobrich., Serbian League West with Šumadija Radnički. Since ending his playing career he has become youth team coach at FK Župa Aleksandrovac.

NK Žepče
Nogometni Klub Žepče 1919 is a football club from Žepče, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The home stadium is called Žepče Gradski Stadion (Žepče City Stadium) with a capacity of 4,000. The team plays in the third League Druga Liga Centar. The team's colours are blue and white.
In Fact (song)
"In Fact" is the 22nd single by Japanese boy band KAT-TUN, released in Japan on June 4, 2014, under the label J-One Records.  "In Fact" is the main theme song for TV drama series First Class starring Yuichi Nakamaru, which premieres April 19. The first-run limited edition and regular edition also contain "Believe In Myself," the theme song for "Going! Sports & News" featuring Kamenashi Kazuya, and the image song for Nippon Television networks Professional Baseball broadcast "Dramatic Game 1844."

In Fact debuted at the number one spot top the Oricon weekly single chart, selling over 145,872 copies in its first week of release. KAT-TUN achieved their 22nd consecutive No.1 with their 22nd single, "In Fact". They are currently behind Kinki Kids who are with 33 consecutive No.1 singles since debut. In Fact sold 6,997 copies in its second week. The single has sold 160,192 copies so far.

Yuichi Nakamaru
Yūichi Nakamaru (中丸雄一, Nakamaru Yuuichi; born on September 4, 1983 in Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan), is a Japanese singer-songwriter, actor, television personality and radio host under Starto Entertainment. He joined the talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1998 and then officially debuted as part of KAT-TUN in 2006, group to which he belonged until its disbandment in April 2025.

Individually, he has acted in numerous drama serials and is most known as a commentator and host of his own segment on NTV information variety show Sunday Countdown Show Shūichi.
Charles Chaplin (elder)
Charles Chaplin (30 May 1759 – 28 August 1816) was an English member of parliament (MP). A graduate of St John's College, Cambridge, Chaplin was the brother-in-law of Lord George Manners-Sutton, who married Chaplin's only sister Diana.

He was appointed high sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1785. He was one of the two MPs for Lincolnshire from 1802 until his death in 1816, aged 57.

Lincolnshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Lincolnshire was a county constituency of the Parliaments of England before 1707, Great Britain before 1800 and the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1290 until 1832.
Dorcas Murunga
Dorcas Murunga  (born (1969-05-12)12 May 1969) is a retired Kenyan female volleyball player. She was part of the Kenya women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship. On club level she played with Kenya Commercial Bank.

1994 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 1994 FIVB Women's World Championship was the twelfth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 17 to 30 October 1994 in São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Arthur Curry (DC Extended Universe)
Arthur Joseph Curry, also known by his superhero moniker Aquaman, is a fictional character in the DC Extended Universe based on the DC Comics superhero of the same name. He is portrayed by American actor Jason Momoa. Originally appearing as a cameo in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Curry had a prominent role in the film Justice League and its director's cut, and is later the subject of his own films Aquaman and Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom. Momoa also cameoed in the first season finale of the HBO Max series Peacemaker and the film The Flash. The DCEU marks Aquaman's first portrayal in cinema, with his character having been re-imagined as compared to his comics counterpart.

Super Friends
Super Friends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from 1973 to 1985 on ABC as part of its Saturday-morning cartoon lineup. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera and was based on the Justice League of America and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. The title of the series varied from season to season, as did the superheroes on the team. Nine seasons, comprising a total of 93 episodes, were produced.
Khar-Us Lake
Khar-Us Lake (Mongolian: Хар-Ус нуур; lit. 'Black Aqua Lake') is a lake in Khovd Province, Mongolia, located in Khar Us Nuur National Park. It is the upper one in a system of the interconnected lakes: Khar-Us, Khar, Dörgön, Airag and Khyargas.

Its area value (1,852 km2) includes the island Agbash (or Ak-Bashi, white head) area (274 km2), so the water surface area is 1,578 km2 only.

Some sources are using different Khar-Us Lake Lake statistics values:

Water level: 1,160.08 m

Surface area: 1,496.6 km2

Average depth: 2.1 m

Volume: 3.12 km3.

Primary inflow is the Khovd River, which creates a large river delta.

So called Genghis Khan's wall runs along the western shore of the Khar-Us Lake. It is possible to find it at the Google Map and Google Earth satellite maps 47°53′29″N 91°59′37″E﻿ / ﻿47.89139°N 91.99361°E﻿ / 47.89139; 91.99361.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Insight (email client)
Insight WebClient is a groupware email client from Bynari embedded on Arachne web browser for DOS. It supports IMAP4, POP3 and SMTP email protocol with simple settings.  It allows Sunbird, Outlook, and Evolution to work together.

Post Office Protocol
In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Today, POP version 3 (POP3) is the most commonly used version. Together with IMAP, it is one of the most common protocols for email retrieval.
Plesioagathomerus
Plesioagathomerus is a genus of beetles in the family Megalopodidae, containing the following species:

Plesioagathomerus atrodiscalis Pic, 1947

Plesioagathomerus bilineatus Pic, 1947

Plesioagathomerus canus Monrós, 1945

Plesioagathomerus vittatus Monrós, 1945

Megalopodidae
The Megalopodidae are a small family of leaf beetles, previously included as a subfamily within the Chrysomelidae. One of its constituent subfamilies, Zeugophorinae, has also frequently been treated as a subfamily within Chrysomelidae. The family contains approximately 30 genera worldwide, primarily in the nominate subfamily Megalopodinae, and mostly circumtropical.

The larvae of some species are leaf miners on various host plants. Other larvae feed on stem-tissue or pollen grains of conifer strobili. Once fully grown, the larva drops to the ground and pupates.
Canton of Aubenas-2
The canton of Aubenas-2 is an administrative division of the Ardèche department, southern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Aubenas.

It consists of the following communes:

Aubenas
Aubenas (French pronunciation: [ob(ə)na]; Occitan: Aubenàs) is a commune in the southern part of the Ardèche department in Southern France. It is the seat of several government offices. The mountainous and rugged countryside is popular for vacation homes. The river Ardèche flows through the commune. Aubenas is the second-most populous communes in the Ardèche department with 12,416 inhabitants as of 2023, after Annonay and before Guilherand-Granges and Tournon-sur-Rhône.

Aubenas is the centre of an urban area, composed of 22 towns and villages including Vals-les-Bains, with 41,568 inhabitants (2018). Aside from its long-year commercial activity, it has a good strategic position on the tourist field, at crossroads of a regional natural park, the zone of the Ardèche river canyon and the start of mountains. The chestnut industry is one testimony of the intense agricultural activity earlier in time.
Methaemalbuminaemia
Methemalbuminaemia is a clinical condition that can be caused by severe intravascular haemolysis or acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. This can be due to proteolytic breakdown of haemoglobin to form both haem and methaem. Methaem combines with blood plasma albumin to form methemalbumin which is found in trace amount in the blood.
Bleeding into the abdominal cavity is another known cause of methemalbuminaemia.
Methemalbumin in blood is detected by carrying out a test known as Schumm test which is a spectroscopic identification on addition of ammonium sulphide.

Blood vessel
Blood vessels  are the tubular structures of a circulatory system transporting blood in animal bodies. Blood vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to most of the tissues of a body, and also transport waste products and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. Some tissues – such as cartilage, epithelium, and the lens and cornea of the eye – are not supplied with blood vessels, so are termed avascular.

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and tissues occurs; the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart.

The word, vascular, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel, and is used in reference to blood vessels.
Jan M. Van Tamelen
Jan M. Van Tamelen (January 16, 1912 – February 22, 1995) was an American art director. He was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards in the category Outstanding Art Direction for his work on the television program Mannix. Van Tamelen died in February 1995 in Woodland Hills, California, at the age of 83. He was buried in Pierce Brothers Valley Oaks Memorial Park.

Mannix
Mannix is an American detective television series that originally aired for eight seasons on CBS from September 16, 1967, to April 13, 1975. The show was created by Richard Levinson and William Link, and developed by executive producer Bruce Geller. The title character, Joe Mannix, is a private investigator played by actor Mike Connors.
Extinct (album)
Extinct is the tenth studio album by Portuguese gothic metal band Moonspell, released on 5 March 2015 in several versions with a different cover for each (jewel case, limited deluxe box, mediabook, gatefold LP).

The album was recorded at Fascination Street Studios, and was produced and mixed by Jens Bogren. The cover artwork was designed by Seth Siro Anton. It includes a guest bozuoukitara performance by Yossi Sassi on the track "Medusalem". Also, on that same track, before the guitar solo starts, another guest artist, Mahafsoun, narrates the chorus in the Persian language.

Yossi Sassi
Yossi Sassi (Hebrew: יוסי סאסי; born 5 February 1975) is an Israeli guitarist and producer who merges traditional and contemporary music. He is the inventor of the "bouzoukitara" musical instrument. He is known for pioneering oriental rock, as well as being the main composer, arranger, and co-founder of Orphaned Land, an Israeli progressive metal band formed in 1991. He also formed the Yossi Sassi Band/The Oriental Rock Orchestra. His debut solo album, Melting Clocks,  got him voted "Top Newcomer of 2012" by Rock Hard magazine readers. His 2016 album Roots and Roads was submitted for Grammy Award consideration.
Going to the Mill
Going to the Mill is a 1925 oil painting by L. S. Lowry.

Going to the Mill was painted by Lowry in 1925.

It sold at auction at the Mall Galleries in London for £805,200. The price included the buyer's premium. The rear of the painting is marked showing it was priced at £30 (equivalent to £2,161 in 2023) but it was sold to Arthur Wallace, the literary editor of the Manchester Guardian for £10, as Lowry thought it was too expensive. Lowry wrote to Wallace to say that he had charged him too much, and give him an additional painting, The Manufacturing Town, for free. Wallace's family had owned the painting from 1926 until its 2025 sale. They had sold The Manufacturing Town several years previously. Going to the Mill had been on a long term loan from the family to the Pallant House Gallery in Chichester.

Federation of British Artists
The Federation of British Artists (FBA) consists of nine art societies, and is based at Mall Galleries in London where the societies' Annual Exhibitions are held. The societies represent living artists working in the United Kingdom who create contemporary figurative art. Mall Galleries aim to 'promote, inspire and educate audiences about the visual arts.'
Clonea Power–Rathgormack GAA
Rathgormack GAA is a GAA club based in the Rathgormack region of County Waterford. Originally two clubs, Clonea Power and Rathgormack amalgamated in 1987 to form one club.

Rathgormack GAA Club is a Gaelic football club which is assisted by Clonea Hurling Club, both club's which are in the parish of Clonea and Rathgormack. This arrangement between the two clubs was put in place in 1989.

County Waterford
County Waterford (Irish: Contae Phort Láirge) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Waterford. Waterford City and County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county at large, including the city, was 127,363 according to the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of the Déise. There is an Irish-speaking area, Gaeltacht na nDéise, in the southwest of the county.
Shiels
Shiels is the name of:

Amy Shiels (born 1991), actress

Brush Shiels (born 1945), musician

Clark Shiels (born 1989), Welsh wheelchair curler

Dean Shiels (born 1985), footballer

Dennis Shiels (born 1938), footballer

Drummond Shiels (1881–1953), politician

George Shiels (1881–1949), dramatist

George F. Shiels (1863–1943), surgeon

Jackie Shiels (born 1985), rugby union player

Karl Shiels (1971–2019), Irish actor

Kenny Shiels (born 1956), football player and manager

Liam Shiels (born 1991), footballer

Meredith Shiels, American cancer epidemiologist

Michael Patrick Shiels, radio host

Paul Shiels (born 1989), hurler

Peter Shiels (born 1973), rugby league footballer

Robert Shiels (died 1753), literary compiler

Ted Shiels (1908–1987), Australian rules footballer

Tony "Doc" Shiels (born 1938), artist and magician

William Shiels (1848–1904), politician

William Shiels (artist) (1783-1857), Artist

Tony Shiels
Anthony Nicol  "Doc" Shiels (25 May 1938 – 11 July 2024) was an English-born artist, magician and writer. After attending the Heatherley School of Fine Art in London, and briefly studying at the Académie André Lhote in Paris,  he moved to St Ives, Cornwall.  He arrived in 1958 and stayed in the area until 1963 taking full part in that key period of British Modern Art.  In 1961, following the resignation of Barbara Hepworth, he was made a member of the committee of the influential Penwith Society of Arts. In St Ives he ran the progressive 'Steps Gallery', where he showed artists like Brian Wall and Bob Law. He had several solo exhibitions in London mainly at the Rawinsky gallery just off Carnaby Street.
Global field
In mathematics, a global field is one of two types of fields (the other one is local fields) that are characterized using valuations. There are two kinds of global fields:

Algebraic number field: A finite extension of

Global function field: The function field of an irreducible algebraic curve over a finite field, equivalently, a finite extension of , the field of rational functions in one variable over the finite field with  elements.

An axiomatic characterization of these fields via valuation theory was given by Emil Artin and George Whaples in the 1940s.

Emil Artin
Emil Artin (German: [ˈaʁtiːn]; March 3, 1898 – December 20, 1962) was an Austrian mathematician of Armenian descent.

Artin was one of the leading mathematicians of the twentieth century. He is best known for his work on algebraic number theory, contributing largely to class field theory and a new construction of L-functions. He also contributed to the pure theories of rings, groups and fields.

Along with Emmy Noether, he is considered the founder of modern abstract algebra.
Denton Schoolhouse
The Denton Schoolhouse is a historic school located at Denton, Caroline County, Maryland, United States. It is a small building with a Latin cross plan and several features of the Gothic Revival style, built about 1883. On the roof ridge is an octagonal cupola with a belfry of alternating louvered and plain drop-arched panels, with a cut wooden spire on top.

The Denton Schoolhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Caroline County, Maryland
Caroline County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,293.  Its county seat is Denton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

Caroline County is bordered by Queen Anne's County to the north, Talbot County to the west, Dorchester County to the south, Kent County, Delaware, to the east, and Sussex County, Delaware, to the southeast.
Singer season 4
I Am a Singer is the fourth season of the Chinese version of the South Korean reality show I Am a Singer. The show was broadcast on Hunan Television in 2016. Due to the sudden banning of Korean entertainment in China in November 2016, this was currently the last season to feature Korean singers in the competition. It was also the last season to use the I Am a Singer title, before renaming to Singer with effect from the next season.

The season premiered on 15 January 2016, and concluded on 15 April 2016. On the finals aired 8 April 2016, Hong Kong-American singer Coco Lee was the winner of the season, becoming the first non-mainland Chinese national to win the show. Jeff Chang came in second, and Korean singer Hwang Chi-yeul finished third place.

I Am a Singer
I Am a Singer (Korean: 나는 가수다; RR: Naneun gasuda) is a South Korean singing competition television program. It is a part of MBC's Sunday Night lineup. Seven talented, veteran Korean singers perform for a selected audience, which votes to eliminate one singer after each week's performance. The following week, another singer joins the competition, and the lineup of artists varies throughout the course of the show. The program ended its first season on February 19, 2012. Its second season ended in May 2012. Its third season ended on April 24, 2015.

I Am a Singer differs from other televised music competitions in that the participants are all veteran musicians who have established music careers varying from mega stardom to relative obscurity. Due to this fact, and because none of the accomplished singers desire to be voted last amongst their peers and eliminated, the level of performance is usually high and acclaimed by critics and viewers alike.
American Ninja Warrior season 6
The sixth season of American Ninja Warrior premiered on NBC on May 26, 2014. Matt Iseman returned for his sixth season as host, while Akbar Gbaja-Biamila and Jenn Brown each returned for their second season. Similar to previous seasons, the winner receives $500,000 and the coveted title, "American Ninja Warrior".

Matt Iseman
Matt Iseman (born January 22, 1971) is an American comedian, actor, and television host, who began his career as a physician. He is best known for his role as the play-by-play announcer and the moderator of American Ninja Warrior. He was the winner of The New Celebrity Apprentice in 2017, the show's only season.

Iseman is also known for his involvement with the sport of Strongman where he does athlete interviews for Arnold Strongman Classic, Shaw Classic and Rogue Invitational.
Sowers Glacier
Sowers Glacier (78°37′S 84°59′W﻿ / ﻿78.617°S 84.983°W﻿ / -78.617; -84.983) is a glacier that flows from the prominent cirque on the east side of Craddock Massif and continues between Willis Ridge on the north, and Sanchez Peak and Stolnik Peak on the south, to join Thomas Glacier north of Mount Osborne, in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.

The glacier was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 2006 after Todd A. Sowers, Environment Institute, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University; United States Antarctic Program (USAP) investigator of climate change and abrupt climate change, using isotopes and atmospheric gases, including greenhouse gases, from the ice core record, 1991–2006.

United States Antarctic Program
The United States Antarctic Program (or USAP; formerly known as the United States Antarctic Research Program or USARP and the United States Antarctic Service or USAS) is an organization of the United States government which has a presence in the Antarctica continent. Founded in 1959, the USAP manages all U.S. scientific research and related logistics in Antarctica as well as aboard ships in the Southern Ocean.