hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silkie
The Silkie, also known as the Silky or Chinese silk chicken, is a Chinese breed of chicken named for its atypically fluffy plumage, which is soft to the touch, like silk or fur. Other unusual qualities include black skin and bones, blue earlobes, and pentadactyly (five toes on each foot) – most chickens have only four.

The birds are commonly reared for exhibition in poultry shows, and a number of color varieties have been bred: the Entente Européenne recognises ten plumage colors, the American Poultry Association seven, and the Poultry Club of Great Britain five. there are both bearded and non-bearded forms of most colours. In European countries both bantam and large fowl are recognised, while in the United States only the bantam is listed.

Silkie hens show a strong tendency to broodiness, and are commonly used to hatch eggs from other breeds and bird species; as a result of the same tendency, they lay relatively few eggs.

Poultry Club of Great Britain
The Poultry Club of Great Britain is a registered charity founded in 1877.  Its stated purpose is to "safeguard the interests of all pure and traditional breeds of poultry including chickens, bantams, ducks, geese and turkeys".

The club maintains the British Poultry Standard and acts as the overseeing body for all poultry breed clubs in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is also responsible for organizing the annual National Poultry Show.: 411

The club donated to The Museum of English Rural Life David Scrivener's collection of printed materials related to the breeding and keeping of poultry.
Jodbeed Gadhwala Conservation Reserve
Jodbeed Gadhwala Conservation Reserve or simply Jorbeed conservation reserve or Jorbeer is a protected area located in the Bikaner district of Rajasthan, India. It was notified by the Government of Rajasthan on 25 November 2008. The reserve covers an area of approximately 56.47 square kilometres and is managed by the Rajasthan Forest Department. It was created primarily to conserve declining populations of raptors, especially vultures.

Vulture
A vulture is a bird of prey that scavenges on carrion. There are 23 extant species of vulture (including condors). Old World vultures include 16 living species native to Europe, Africa, and Asia; New World vultures are restricted to North and South America and consist of seven species.
A particular characteristic of many vultures is a bald, unfeathered head. This bare skin is thought to keep the head clean when feeding, and also plays an important role in thermoregulation.

Vultures have been observed to hunch their bodies and tuck in their heads in the cold, and open their wings and stretch their necks in the heat. They also urinate on themselves as a means of cooling their bodies.

A group of vultures in flight is called a "kettle", while the term "committee" refers to a group of vultures resting on the ground or in trees. A group of vultures that are feeding is termed a "wake".
Muradiye railway station
Muradiye station (Turkish: Muradiye istasyonu) is a station in Muradiye, Yunusemre, Turkey, just 3.5 km (2.2 mi) from Manisa. TCDD Taşımacılık operates six trains, all terminating at Basmane Terminal in İzmir, totaling to 12 daily trains by January 2020.

Muradiye station was originally built in 1865 by the Smyrna Cassaba Railway.

TCDD Transport
TCDD Transport or Turkish State Railways Transport (Turkish: TCDD Taşımacılık, reporting mark TCDDT) is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off from Turkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure. TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates trains on a network of over 12,430 km (7,720 mi) within 59 of the 81 provinces in Turkey.
Laurent Bartholdi
Laurent Bartholdi is a Swiss mathematician working in the areas of geometric group theory, symbolic dynamics, and computational complexity. He is particularly well-known for his contributions to the study of self-similar groups and amenability of groups. Currently Bartholdi is a
CNRS Directeur de Recherche at Institut Camille Jordan, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 in France.

Bartholdi received a PhD in Mathematics in 2000 from the University of Geneva, with Pierre de la Harpe and Rostislav Grigorchuk as co-advisors.

In June 2025 Bartholdi delivered the inaugural Paul Schupp Distinguished Lecture at the GAGTA 2025 ``Groups, Logic and Computation" conference at the Stevens Institute of Technology.

Symbolic dynamics
In mathematics, symbolic dynamics is the study of dynamical systems defined on a discrete space consisting of infinite sequences of abstract symbols. The evolution of the dynamical system is defined as a simple shift of the sequence.

Because of their explicit, discrete nature, such systems are often relatively easy to characterize and understand. They form a key tool for studying topological or smooth dynamical systems, because in many important cases it is possible to reduce the dynamics of a more general dynamical system to a symbolic system. To do so, a Markov partition is used to provide a finite cover for the smooth system; each set of the cover is associated with a single symbol, and the sequences of symbols result as a trajectory of the system moves from one covering set to another.
1992 Campeonato Carioca
The 1992 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on August 1, 1992 and ended on December 20, 1992. It is the official tournament organized by FFERJ (Federação de Futebol do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, or Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation. Only clubs based in the Rio de Janeiro State are allowed to play. Twenty-six teams contested this edition. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 18th time. Barra Mansa, AA Cabofriense, Paduano and União Nacional were relegated.

Campeonato Carioca
The Campeonato Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (English: Rio de Janeiro State Championship), most known as Campeonato Carioca and commonly as the Cariocão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is run by the Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation (FERJ).

The first season of the Campeonato Carioca was played in 1906. Rivalries amongst four of the most prestigious Brazilian teams (Botafogo, Flamengo, Fluminense and Vasco da Gama) have marked the history of the competition. Flamengo leads the title count with 39, followed by Fluminense (33), Vasco da Gama (24), Botafogo (21), America (7), Bangu (2), São Cristóvão and Paissandu (1 each).
Molly Aguirre
Molly Aguirre (born September 10, 1984) is a professional snowboarder and member of the U.S. Snowboarding Team, specializing in halfpipe events. She was in the film Snow Blind.

Besides halfpipe, Aguirre also snowboards slopestyle, grind/rail, and quarter pipe events.  She was the first female snowboarder to perform a backside 900 in competition. She trained in Mammoth Lakes.

Slopestyle
Slopestyle is a winter sport in which athletes ski or snowboard down a course including a variety of obstacles including rails, jumps and other terrain park features. Points are scored for amplitude, originality and quality of tricks. The discipline has its roots in action sports like skateboarding and BMX and has very successfully crossed over into the snow sports worlds of skiing and snowboarding. Skiers use twin-tip skis for their symmetry since they often go large portions of the course backward (referred to as "switch") and for their balanced weight so as to not destabilize spins. Slopestyle tricks fall mainly into four categories: spins, grinds, grabs and flips, and most tricks done in competition are a combination of these.

Slopestyle is one of the freestyle disciplines, along with moguls, aerials, cross, big air and half-pipe.
J&P Cycles
J&P Cycles, Inc. was founded by John and Jill Parham in 1979. It sells motorcycle components, apparel, and gear for the American V-twin motorcycle rider. Owned by Comoto Holdings, the company operates online and has retail outlets in Ormond Beach, Florida, Sturgis, South Dakota, Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, and Taylor, Michigan.

Motorcycle components
Motorcycle components and systems for a motorcycle are engineered, manufactured, and assembled in order to produce motorcycle models with the desired performance, aesthetics, and cost but can also be customized. The key components of modern motorcycles are presented below.
Rolf McPherson
Dr. Rolf Potter Kennedy McPherson (March 23, 1913 – May 21, 2009) was the pastor of Angelus Temple and president of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, serving in that capacity from 1944 to 1988. By his retirement, the evangelical Pentecostal denomination had grown from 29,000 members in 410 churches to 1.2 million members in more than 19,000 churches located in 63 countries.

Charles E. Young Research Library
The Charles E. Young Research Library is one of the largest libraries on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles in Westwood, Los Angeles, California. It initially opened in 1964, and a second phase of construction was completed in 1970.  Interior renovations took place in 2009 and 2011.

Located at the northern edge of the campus, the building was designed by A. Quincy Jones and Frederick Earl Emmons in the Mid-Century Modern style.  Jones was the dean of USC's School of Architecture from 1951 to 1967. The building features a concrete skeleton, dark glass windows and deep floorplate.

The upper floors of the library are meant primarily for faculty and graduate students who wish to conduct research. The library holds resources in the humanities, social sciences, education, public affairs, government information, journals, newspapers, and maps.
Fuchs wheel
The Fuchs wheel or Fuchsfelge is a wheel made for the first Porsche 911 model in the early 1960s. Designed in conjunction with Otto Fuchs KG, Porsche modeler Heinrich Klie and Ferdinand Porsche Jr for the 1967 model year Porsche 911S, the Fuchs wheel was the first light-weight forged wheel to be fitted to a production automotive vehicle. They provided the rear-engined sports car with a reduction in unsprung mass, using an alloy wheel.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
Secure copy protocol
Secure copy protocol (SCP) is a means of securely transferring computer files between a local host and a remote host or between two remote hosts. It is based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. "SCP" commonly refers to both the Secure Copy Protocol and the program itself.

According to OpenSSH developers in April 2019, SCP is outdated, inflexible and not readily fixed; they recommend the use of more modern protocols like SFTP and rsync for file transfer. As of  OpenSSH version 9.0, scp client therefore uses SFTP for file transfers by default instead of the legacy SCP/RCP protocol.

Computer file
A computer file is a named collection of data treated as a unit by the system that manages it. Today, this system is called a file system. Many older computer systems lacked a distinct file system per se, yet a management feature is required in order to provide a file abstraction.

Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the Internet.

Different types of computer files are designed for different purposes. A file may be designed to store a written message, a document, a spreadsheet, an image, a video, a program, or any wide variety of other kinds of data. Certain files can store multiple data types at once.

By using computer programs, a person can open, read, change, save, and close a computer file. Computer files may be reopened, modified, and copied an arbitrary number of times.
Small Change (Tom Waits album)
Small Change is the fourth studio album by singer and songwriter Tom Waits, released on September 21, 1976, on Asylum Records. It was recorded in July at Wally Heider's Studio 3 in Hollywood. It was successful commercially and outsold his previous albums. This resulted in Waits putting together a touring band - The Nocturnal Emissions, which consisted of Frank Vicari on tenor saxophone, FitzGerald Jenkins on bass guitar and Chip White on drums and vibraphone. The Nocturnal Emissions toured Europe and the United States extensively from October 1976 till May 1977.

Chip White
Alan White (21 December 1946 – 5 August 2020), known as Chip White, was an American jazz drummer who has performed and/or recorded with a variety of artists, including Carmen McRae, Jaki Byard, the Jazzmobile CETA Big Band, Candido, John Abercrombie, Frank Wess, and many others.

White died on August 5, 2020, in Harlem, New York City.
H5N1 genetic structure
The genetic structure of H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (influenza A virus subtype H5N1), is characterized by a segmented RNA genome consisting of eight gene segments that encode for various viral proteins essential for replication, host adaptation, and immune evasion.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (DdRP), which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template.

RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses that lack a DNA stage. Some eukaryotes also contain RdRps, which are involved in RNA interference and differ structurally from viral RdRps.
The Middle Management (Josei Chūkan Kanrishoku) / Gamusha Life / Tsugi no Kado o Magare
"The Middle Management (Josei Chūkan Kanrishoku) / Gamusha Life / Tsugi no Kado o Magare" (The Middle Management～女性中間管理職～／我武者LIFE／次の角を曲がれ) is the 27th single by the Japanese female idol group Cute, released in Japan on April 1, 2015. It debuted at number 1 in the daily Oricon singles chart and at number 3 in the weekly Oricon singles chart.

Cute (Japanese group)
Cute (キュート, Kyūto; stylized as °C-ute), was a Japanese girl group associated with Hello! Project and produced by Tsunku. Cute consisted of Maimi Yajima, Saki Nakajima, Airi Suzuki, Chisato Okai, and Mai Hagiwara, who were all members of Hello! Project Kids prior to the group's formation. The original member line-up also consisted of fellow Hello! Project Kids members Megumi Murakami and Erika Umeda, as well as Kanna Arihara (a member of Hello Pro Egg, Hello! Project's trainee group), prior to their departure.

After releasing a string of independent hits, Cute made its major debut in 2007 with "Sakura Chirari" and that year won the Japan Record Award for Best New Artist. In 2008, the group was nominated for the main Japan Record Award, the Grand Prix, its song being named one of the year's best songs. All of the group's major-label singles debuted in the top 10 of the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart.
Toowoomba Bypass
The Toowoomba Bypass, known as Toowoomba Second Range Crossing during planning and construction, is a 41.3 km (25.7 mi) grade separated, dual carriageway bypass and partial ring road constructed to the north and west of Toowoomba, Queensland. Construction commenced in April 2016. It opened to traffic on 8 September 2019.

The Toowoomba Bypass is a toll road. It is the only toll road in Australia that is not located in Greater Sydney, Greater Melbourne, or Greater Brisbane, and the only one that does not pass through a capital city, and one of  only 10 located outside New South Wales.

Grade separation
In civil engineering (and more specifically, highway or railway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other.  The composition of such transport axes does not have to be uniform; it can consist of a mixture of roads, footpaths, railways, canals, or airport runways. Bridges (or overpasses, also called flyovers), tunnels (or underpasses), or a combination of both can be built at a junction to achieve the needed grade separation.

In North America, a grade-separated junction may be referred to as a grade separation or as an interchange—in contrast with an intersection, at-grade, a diamond crossing or a level crossing, which are not grade-separated.
Charles A. Miller House
The Charles A. Miller House is a historic residence in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.  Built in 1890 according to a design by Samuel Hannaford, it is a two-and-a-half story building constructed in the Gothic Revival style.: 5   A brick and limestone structure with a slate roof, its facade is dominated by courses of ashlar, plus battlements at the top,: 5  and a prominent portico at the entrance.  The floor plan is that of a rectangle, two bays wide and four bays deep; the right portion of the building features a gable, while the battlements appear primarily on the left side.  Structurally, the house is supported by a post and lintel construction, with the exterior courses of stones forming the lintels as well as horizontal bands around the building.

Post and lintel
Post and lintel (also called prop and lintel, a trabeated system, or a trilithic system)  is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them. This is usually used to hold up a roof, creating a largely open space beneath, for whatever use the building is designed.  The horizontal elements are called by a variety of names including lintel, header, architrave or beam, and the supporting vertical elements may be called posts, columns, or pillars.  The use of wider elements at the top of the post, called capitals, to help spread the load, is common to many architectural traditions.
Allen J. Bard
Allen Joseph Bard (December 18, 1933 – February 11, 2024) was an American chemist. He was the Hackerman-Welch Regents Chair Professor and director of the Center for Electrochemistry at the University of Texas at Austin. Bard developed innovations such as the scanning electrochemical microscope, his co-discovery of electrochemiluminescence, his key contributions to photoelectrochemistry of semiconductor electrodes, and co-authoring a seminal textbook.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Colvend and Southwick
54°52′16″N 3°46′08″W﻿ / ﻿54.871°N 3.769°W﻿ / 54.871; -3.769

Colvend and Southwick is a community council area and civil parish within the Stewartry area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is also part of the Church of Scotland parish of Colvend, Southwick and Kirkbean. It is in the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire.

Colvend Church was designed by architect Peter MacGregor Chalmers in 1911.

Southwick Church designed by Peddie & Kinnear 1891.

Southwick House, C18th/19th mansion house, home of Sir Mark McTaggart-Stewart MP, Baronet (1834 -1923), MP for Wigtown Burghs from 1874–80  Kirkcudbrightshire between 1885 and 1910.

Community council
A community council is a public representative body in Great Britain.

In England they may be statutory parish councils by another name, under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007, or they may be non-statutory bodies. In Scotland and Wales they are statutory bodies.

Scottish community councils were first created under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, many years after Scottish parish councils were abolished by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.

Welsh community councils – which may, if they wish, style themselves town councils – are a direct replacement, under the Local Government Act 1972, for the previously existing parish councils and are identical to English parish councils in terms of their powers and the way in which they operate.
Mochlus mocquardi
Mochlus mocquardi, also known commonly as Mocquard's writhing skink, is a species of lizard in the subfamily Lygosominae of the family Scincidae (skinks). The species is native to the Sahel region of Africa.

Lygosominae
Lygosominae is the largest subfamily of skinks in the family Scincidae. The subfamily can be divided into a number of genus groups. If the rarely used taxonomic rank of infrafamily is employed, the genus groups would be designated as such, but such a move would require a formal description according to the ICZN standards.
Robert Goldstone
Robert Goldstone is a Distinguished Professor of psychology and cognitive science at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. His research interests include concept learning and representation, perceptual learning, collective behavior, and computational modeling of human cognition. He has developed and empirically tested neural network models that simultaneously learn new perceptual and conceptual representations, with the learned concepts both affecting and being affected by perception.  He has also developed computational models of how groups of people compete for resources, cooperate to solve problems, exchange information and innovations, and form coalitions.

Collective behavior
Collective behavior constitutes social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure (laws, conventions, and institutions), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. More broadly, it can include the behavior of cells, social animals like birds and fish, and insects including ants.

Collective behavior takes many forms but generally violates societal norms. Collective behavior can be destructive, as with riots or mob violence, silly, as with fads, or anywhere in between. Collective behavior is always driven by group dynamics, encouraging people to engage in acts they might consider unthinkable under typical social circumstances.
Reino Kero
Reino Kero (2 March 1939 in Kiikka), is a Finnish historian, PhD 1974. Kero was professor in general history at the University of Turku from 1999–2002.

Kero has focused on the Finnish emigration to North America. He has also written on Finnish-American immigrants in Soviet Carelia (1983), and a book on American history (1996) and on Indians (1986).

Finnish Americans
Finnish Americans (Finnish: amerikansuomalaiset, pronounced [ˈɑmerikɑnˌsuo̯mɑlɑi̯set]) comprise Americans with ancestral roots in Finland, or Finnish people who immigrated to and reside in the United States. The Finnish-American population is around 650,000. Many Finnish people historically immigrated to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the Iron Range of northern Minnesota to work in the mining industry; much of the population in these regions is of Finnish descent.