hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toroidal moment
In electromagnetism, a toroidal moment is an independent term in the multipole expansion of the electromagnetic field which is distinct from magnetic and electric multipoles. In the electrostatic multipole expansion, all charge and current distributions can be expanded into a complete set of electric and magnetic multipole coefficients. However, additional terms arise in an electrodynamic multipole expansion. The coefficients of these terms are given by the toroidal multipole moments as well as time derivatives of the electric and magnetic multipole moments. While electric dipoles can be understood as separated charges and magnetic dipoles as circular currents, axial (or electric) toroidal dipoles describe toroidal (donut-shaped) charge arrangements whereas a polar (or magnetic) toroidal dipole (also called an anapole) corresponds to the field of a solenoid bent into a torus.

Toroid
In mathematics, a toroid is a surface of revolution with a hole in the middle. The axis of revolution passes through the hole and so does not intersect the surface. For example, when a rectangle is rotated around an axis parallel to one of its edges, then a hollow rectangle-section ring is produced. If the revolved figure is a circle, then the object is called a torus.

The term toroid is also used to describe a toroidal polyhedron. In this context a toroid need not be circular and may have any number of holes. A g-holed toroid can be seen as approximating the surface of a torus having a topological genus, g, of 1 or greater. The Euler characteristic χ of a g holed toroid is 2(1−g).

The torus is an example of a toroid, which is the surface of a doughnut. Doughnuts are an example of a solid torus created by rotating a disk, and are not toroids.

Toroidal structures occur in both natural and synthetic materials.
Guido II da Polenta
Guido II da Polenta (died 1333), also known as Guido Novello, was an Italian who served as lord of Ravenna from 1316 until 1322.

The nephew of Lamberto I da Polenta, he acquired the lordship of the city after his uncle's death. In 1316–1321 he was host of Dante Alighieri. In 1322 he was named capitano del popolo of Bologna and left the government of Ravenna to his brother Rinaldo, who was archbishop of the city though without the Papal confirmation. Ostasio I da Polenta, from the family line of Cervia, profited of the situation to kill Rinaldo and seize the power for himself.

Guido Novello died in 1330 after trying in vain to reconquer Ravenna.

Cervia
Cervia (Romagnol: Zirvia) is a seaside resort town in the province of Ravenna, located in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna.

Cervia is a major seaside resort in Emilia-Romagna, North Italy. Its population was 28,983 at the 2023 census. It is mainly a destination for seaside tourism, with a coastline of 9 km of beach.
Vertushka
The Vertushka (Russian: Вертушка) also known as Kremlyovka (Russian: Кремлёвка) or Spetssvyaz (Russian: Спецсвязь) is a colloquial name for a closed system of party and government telephone communications in the Soviet Union and Russia. It received the unofficial (slang) name Vertushka because, unlike the regular telephone network, where at that time the connection was made through an operator, subscribers connected to each other using an automatic telephone exchange and a rotary dials called in Russian Vertushka. The existence of the system was a novelty in an era dominated by manual switchboards. The telephone is dial-less and certain sub-systems of it directly link to the Kremlin. Especially in Soviet period, connected the leader to key subordinates, like regional party secretaries, high ranking military officials or important state-owned factory chiefs. The regularly modernized system of government ATS continues to operate to this day.

Party secretary
In politics, a party secretary is a senior official within a political party with responsibility for the organizational and daily political work. In most parties, the party secretary is second in rank to the party leader (or party chair). In some parties, especially the communist parties, the General Secretary is the leader.
Waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome
Waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder which is characterized by either microphthalmia or anophthalmia, osseous synostosis, ectrodactylism, polydactylism, and syndactylism. So far (according to OMIM), 29 cases from families in Brazil, Italy, Turkey, and Lebanon have been reported worldwide. This condition is caused by homozygous mutations in the SMOC1 gene, in chromosome 14.

Syndactyly
Syndactyly is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some metatherian mammals, but is an unusual condition in humans. The term is from Ancient Greek  σύν (syn) 'together' and  δάκτυλος (daktulos) 'finger'.
Belleview (Ridgeway, Virginia)
Belleview is a historic plantation house located near Ridgeway, Henry County, Virginia. It was built about 1783, and is a two-story, five-bay, frame dwelling with a gable roof. It has an original two-story ell and a sun porch and one-story wing added in the mid-1950s.  The front facade features a two-tier portico supported by slender Greek Ionic order columns.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
In Search of Dr. Seuss
In Search of Dr. Seuss is a 1994 American television film chronicling the adventures of a news reporter, Kathy Lane (Kathy Najimy), who enters the world of Dr. Seuss by opening a magical book. Also starring (in order of appearance) are Matt Frewer, Christopher Lloyd, Andrea Martin, David Paymer, Patrick Stewart, Andraé Crouch, Robin Williams and Eileen Brennan. The film premiered on TNT on November 6, 1994.

Oh, the Places You'll Go!
Oh, the Places You'll Go! is a children's picture book, written and illustrated by children's author Dr. Seuss. It was first published by Random House on January 22, 1990. It was his last book to be published during his lifetime, before his death on September 24, 1991, at the age of 87.

Though written in the style of Seuss' previous books such as How the Grinch Stole Christmas! and The Cat in the Hat, Oh, the Places You’ll Go! is told in the second person. The story concerns the journey of life, its challenges, and joys.
Chappel Limestone
The Chappel Limestone is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

In 1959 Wilbert H. Hass described the conodont genus Dollymae from that formation.

1959 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1959.
Aruvappulam
Aruvappulam is a remote village in the south eastern corner of Pathanamthitta district in the state of Kerala, India. Aruvappulam is a grama panchayat (village council) within Konni Thaluk. The highest point in the district Devar Mala is situated in the village. A sizeable portion of the village is within Konni Reserve Forest. The village shares a border with Tamil Nadu, but there is no interstate road connecting the village with the neighbouring state.

The major streams that flow into the Achankovil river originate in the village. The river forms the border between village and the neighbouring district of Kollam.

The major settlements within the village are Kokkathode and Kalleli.

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
Imperium
In ancient Rome, imperium was a form of authority held by a citizen to control a military or governmental entity. It is distinct from auctoritas and potestas, different and generally inferior types of power in the Roman Republic and Empire. One's imperium could be over a specific military unit, or it could be over a province or territory. Individuals given such power were referred to as curule magistrates or promagistrates. These included the curule aedile, the praetor, the consul, the magister equitum, and the dictator. In a general sense, imperium was the scope of someone's power, and could include anything, such as public office, commerce, political influence, or wealth.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
South Mountain (La Sal Mountains)
South Mountain is an 11,798-foot (3,596 m) peak in San Juan County, Utah, United States, about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of La Sal, UtahLa Sal. It is part of the La Sal Mountains. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into tributaries of the Colorado River. The nearest town is Moab, 20 mi (32 km) to the northwest, and the nearest higher neighbor is Mount Tukuhnikivatz, 2.64 mi (4.25 km) to the north.

Moab, Utah
Moab (/ˈmoʊ.æb/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Grand County in eastern Utah in the western United States, known for its dramatic scenery. The population was 5,366 at the 2020 census. Moab attracts many tourists annually, mostly visitors to the nearby Arches and Canyonlands National Parks. The town is a popular base for mountain bikers who ride the extensive network of trails including the Slickrock Trail, and for off-roaders who come for the annual Moab Jeep Safari.

Moab is home to one of the nine regional campuses of Utah State University.
Berlin-Dahlem Museum Centre
Dahlem Museums (Museen Dahlem) is a complex in the Berlin-Dahlem district of Berlin. Its official address is at 8 Lansstraße, though its main entrance is at 25 Arnimallee. The earliest planning for the building was between 1914 and 1923, thanks to the efforts of Wilhelm von Bode and to designs by Bruno Paul. However, it was only eventually built between 1969 and 1973 to New Objectivity plans by Fritz Bornemann and Wils Ebert.

It originally housed the Ethnological Museum (including what later became the Museum of Asian Art) and the Gemäldegalerie. The Gemäldegalerie moved out to new premises in June 1998 and the Museum Europäischer Kulturen moved into the building in 2011. The Dahlem galleries housing the Ethnological Museum and Museum for Asian Art both closed in January 2017 ready to re-open in 2019 in the Humboldt Forum.

Wilhelm von Bode
Wilhelm von Bode (10 December 1845 – 1 March 1929) was a German art historian and museum curator.  Born Arnold Wilhelm Bode in Calvörde, and known as Wilhelm Bode for most of his career, he was ennobled in 1913, and thereafter adopted the aristocratic "von". He was the creator and first curator of the Kaiser Friedrich Museum, now called the Bode Museum in his honor, in 1904.

He wrote a number of books, many large and authoritative studies of the art of the Italian Renaissance and the Dutch and Flemish Baroque, but also other subjects.
Greyson Fletcher
Greyson Thunder Fletcher is an American professional free skateboarder, surfer, visual artist and actor from San Clemente, California. He starred in the HBO series John from Cincinnati and his artworks have been exhibited in New York's Gagosian Gallery. 
His skateboard sponsors include; Arbor Skateboards, Birdhouse Skateboards, Independent Truck Company, OJ Wheels and RVCA.

Gagosian Gallery
Gagosian Gallery is a modern and contemporary art gallery owned and directed by Larry Gagosian. The gallery exhibits some of the most well-known artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. As of 2024, Gagosian employs 300 people at 19 exhibition spaces – including New York City, London, Paris, Basel, Beverly Hills, San Francisco, Rome, Athens, Geneva, and Hong Kong – designed by architects such as Caruso St John, Richard Gluckman, Richard Meier, Jean Nouvel, and Annabelle Selldorf.

In 2011, a survey of art dealers by The Wall Street Journal estimated that Gagosian Gallery had annual sales of about $1 billion. In May 2011 alone, half the works for evening sale by major auction houses in New York City were by artists represented by the gallery.
Cider with Rosie (film)
Cider with Rosie is a British television film of 1998 directed by Charles Beeson, with a screenplay by John Mortimer, starring Juliet Stevenson, based on the 1959 book of the same name by Laurie Lee.

The film was made by Carlton Television for ITV and was first broadcast in Britain on 27 December 1998. It was broadcast in the US as the second episode of Series 28 of Masterpiece Theatre and was later issued as an ITV Studios DVD.

Masterpiece (TV series)
Masterpiece, styled as MASTERPIECE (formerly known as Masterpiece Theatre), is a drama anthology television series produced by WGBH Boston. It premiered on PBS on January 10, 1971. The series has presented numerous acclaimed British productions. Many of these are produced by the BBC, but the lineup has also included programs shown on the UK channels ITV1, Channel 4, and Channel 5.
Banyan Valley Cave
Banyan Valley Cave is an archaeological site in Pang Mapha district, Mae Hong Son Province, northwestern Thailand. It was sporadically occupied from around 4000 BC until ca. 1000 AD by the Neolithic Hoabinhian culture and subsequent metal culture. It was discovered and excavated by Chester Gorman in 1972, following his excavations of the nearby Spirit Cave.

Chester Gorman
Chester F. Gorman (March 11, 1938 – June 7, 1981) was an American anthropologist and archaeologist.

Born in Oakland, California, he grew up on his parents' dairy farm in Elk Grove. He studied at the Sacramento State University and the University of Hawaiʻi, where he also got his MA and his PhD.

Chester Gorman worked mostly in Southeast Asia. Among the most significant sites he worked are Ban Chiang in northeast Thailand and Spirit Cave in northwest Thailand, one of the major Hoabinhian sites. While surveying for sites in northeast Thailand with Wilhelm Solheim between 1963-1964, Gorman also discovered the site of Non Nok Tha.

Gorman excavated Spirit Cave (Tham Phii Man) once in 1966 for his dissertation research, and again in 1971. He also excavated Banyan Valley Cave (Tham Sai) in 1972 and Steep Cliff Cave (Tham Phaa Can) in 1973.

He died of cancer at age 43 in Sacramento.
James Meehan (lumberman)
James Meehan (July 7, 1834 – April 9, 1920) was an American lumberman from Meehan, Wisconsin, who served one term as a "Greenback Democrat" member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Portage County, Wisconsin.

Portage County, Wisconsin
Portage County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,377. Its county seat is Stevens Point.

Portage County comprises the Stevens Point, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Mazaediothecium
Mazaediothecium is a genus of calicioid lichens in the family Pyrenulaceae. It has four species. The genus was circumscribed by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot in 1991, with Mazaediothecium rubiginosum assigned as the type species.

André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.
2018 Santaizi ATP Challenger – Doubles
Marco Chiudinelli and Franko Škugor were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Matthew Ebden and Andrew Whittington won the title after defeating Prajnesh Gunneswaran and Saketh Myneni 6–4, 5–7, [10–6] in the final.

Andrew Whittington (tennis)
Andrew Whittington (born 11 August 1993) is a former Australian professional tennis player.
He made the world's top 200 in August 2016 following a semifinal run at the 2016 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships.
His best performance came by reaching the quarterfinals of the 2014 Australian Open with Alex Bolt.  In May 2014, Whittington and Bolt won the China International Challenger, which was both players' first Challenger doubles title. He made his singles grand slam debut at the 2017 Australian Open after being given a wildcard.

Whittington turned to coaching his former doubles partner and current professional Australian tennis player Alex Bolt for the 2022 summer.
Moscow Pride
Moscow Pride (Russian: Московский Гей-Прайд, romanized: Moskovskiy Gey-Prayd, lit. 'Moscow Gay Pride') was a demonstration of LGBTQ people in Russia. It was intended to take place in May annually since 2006 in the Russian capital Moscow, but has been regularly banned by the Government of Moscow, headed by Mayor Yury Luzhkov until 2010. The demonstrations in 2006, 2007, and 2008 were all accompanied by homophobic attacks, which was avoided in 2009 by moving the site of the demonstration at the last minute. The organizers of all of the demonstrations were Alexey Davydov, Nikolai Alekseev and Gayrussia.ru.

In June 2012, Moscow courts enacted a hundred-year ban on gay pride parades. The European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly ruled that such bans violate freedom of assembly guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights.

Government of Moscow
The Government of Moscow (Russian: Правительство Москвы, pronounced [prɐˈvʲitʲɪlʲstvə mɐskˈvɨ]) is the highest executive body of state authority of Moscow. The Government of Moscow is headed by the highest official of the city of Moscow, i.e. the Mayor of Moscow.

The members of the Government of Moscow are the Mayor of Moscow, the Deputy Mayors of Moscow, and the Moscow Government ministers. The Government of Moscow issues orders that are signed by the Mayor of Moscow. The Government of Moscow has legal personality. The structure and functioning of the Government of Moscow are established by the law of Moscow, adopted by Moscow City Duma.

According to the Constitution of Russia, Moscow is a federal subject of Russia, known as a city of federal importance.
Paladino
Paladino is a surname of Italian origin. The name is the Italian word for paladin. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Paladino (born 1946), American businessman and politician

Giovanni Paolo Paladino (fl. 1540–1560), Italian composer and lutenist

Joe Paladino (born 1965), English footballer and coach

Juan Paladino (1925–1996), Uruguayan fencer

Mimmo Paladino (born Domenico Paladino, 1948), Italian artist

Silvie Paladino (born 1971), Australian entertainer

Sascha Paladino (born 1976), American film director and stepbrother of banjo player Bela Fleck

Fictional characters:

Simon J. Paladino or Gazerbeam, a fictional character from the 2004 film The Incredibles

Mimmo Paladino
Mimmo Paladino (born in Paduli on 18 December 1948) is an Italian sculptor, painter and printmaker. He is a leading name in the Transvanguardia artistic movement and one of the many European artists to revive Expressionism in the 1980s.
Stadion Hartberg
Stadion Hartberg, known as Profertil Arena Hartberg since 2014 for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Hartberg, Austria. It is the home ground of TSV Hartberg, who compete in the Austrian Bundesliga. It was opened in 1946 and has a capacity of 5,024.

Following TSV Hartberg's promotion to the Austrian Bundesliga in 2018, the ground was modified to meet the league's requirements, with new stands constructed and under-soil heating installed. TSV Hartberg plan to construct a new 8,500 capacity stadium in Hartberg to replace the Stadion Hartberg.

Under-soil heating
Under-soil heating is a method used in various sports stadia (with a grass surface) which heats the underside of the pitch to avoid any elements from bad weather, such as snow and ice, from building up and ultimately helps the club avoid having to postpone any matches. The first ground in England to have under-soil heating installed was Goodison Park in 1958.
2014–15 North Texas Mean Green women's basketball team
The 2014–15 North Texas Mean Green women's basketball team represented the University of North Texas during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Mean Green, led by third year head coach Mike Petersen, played their home games UNT Coliseum, also known as The Super Pit,  and were second year members of Conference USA. They finished the season 5–24, 4–14 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for twelfth place. They failed to qualify for the Conference USA women's tournament.

2015 Conference USA women's basketball tournament
The 2015 Conference USA women's basketball tournament was a postseason women's basketball tournament for Conference USA was held March 11–14 in Birmingham, Alabama. The first two rounds took place at Bartow Arena while the semifinals and championship took place at Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex.
Weeping Mother Memorial
Weeping Mother Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Hickey Street, Gatton, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by F. Williams & Co and built in 1922 by the same company. The memorial was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Memorial
A memorial is an object or place which serves as a focus for the memory or the commemoration of something, usually an influential, deceased person or a historical, tragic event. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objects such as homes or other sites, or works of art such as sculptures, statues, fountains or parks. Larger memorials may be known as monuments.
Time After Time (The Wire)
"Time After Time" is the 26th episode of the American crime drama The Wire and the first episode of the show's third season. The episode was written by David Simon from a story by David Simon & Ed Burns and was directed by Ed Bianchi. It originally aired September 19, 2004, on HBO in the U.S. This episode introduces a new storyline involving the Baltimore Police surveilling drug dealer Cheese Wagstaff, with a subplot about the Barksdale Organization considering new territory due to the upcoming demolition of its former gathering spot at a public housing project.

On its debut, "Time After Time" had nearly 1.83 million viewers; Nielsen Media Research ranked it the most popular program on U.S. premium cable for the week. Entertainment Weekly and The New York Times provided positive reviews of this episode.

Dennis "Cutty" Wise
Dennis "Cutty" Wise is a fictional character inspired by real-life boxing trainer Calvin Ford on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Chad Coleman. Wise is a reformed criminal who sets up a boxing gym for neighborhood children. The name "Dennis Wise" was taken from an actual Baltimore contract killer who is serving a life sentence in prison. The nickname "Cutty" originates from the character serving time in the Maryland State Penitentiary in Jessup, Maryland, which was nicknamed "The Cut".