hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bourgeois of Paris
A bourgeois of Paris was traditionally a member of one of the corporations or guilds that existed under the Ancien Régime. According to Article 173 of the Custom of Paris, a bourgeois had to possess a domicile in Paris as a tenant or owner for at least a year and a day. This qualification was also required for public offices such as provost of the merchants, alderman or consul, but unlike the bourgeois or citizens of other free cities, Parisians did not need letters of bourgeoisie to prove their status.

A bourgeois of Paris had privileges as well as duties. While they were exempt from paying the taille, they were required to pay the city taxes, contribute to a public charity, arm themselves at their own expense, and join the urban militia.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Noah Star Navigation 2025
Noah Star Navigation 2025 was a multiple-night professional wrestling event promoted by CyberFight's sub-brand Pro Wrestling Noah. The pay-pre-view nights of the event took place on May 18, June 3 and November 8, 2025, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Korakuen Hall. Broadcasting was made on CyberAgent's AbemaTV online linear television service and CyberFight's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

Naomichi Marufuji
Naomichi Marufuji (丸藤正道, Marufuji Naomichi) (born September 26, 1979) is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to Pro Wrestling Noah. Marufuji is a four-time GHC Heavyweight Champion, as well as the first of two men to win Junior Heavyweight Championships in all three major Japanese promotions (Minoru Tanaka is the other). In 2020, he was appointed to the position of Executive Vice President of CyberFight, the parent company of Noah. He also makes occasional appearances in other professional wrestling promotions including New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), Ring of Honor (ROH), and Impact Wrestling.
Multi-key quicksort
Multi-key quicksort, also known as three-way radix quicksort, is an algorithm for sorting strings. This hybrid of quicksort and radix sort was originally suggested by P. Shackleton, as reported in one of C. A. R. Hoare's seminal papers on quicksort;: 14  its modern incarnation was developed by Jon Bentley and Robert Sedgewick in the mid-1990s. The algorithm is designed to exploit the property that in many problems, strings tend to have shared prefixes.

One of the algorithm's uses is the construction of suffix arrays, for which it was one of the fastest algorithms as of 2004.

Sorting algorithm
In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.

Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions:

The output is in monotonic order (each element is no smaller/larger than the previous element, according to the required order).

The output is a permutation (a reordering, yet retaining all of the original elements) of the input.

Although some algorithms are designed for sequential access, the highest-performing algorithms assume data is stored in a data structure which allows random access.
John Hanlon (singer)
John Hanlon (born 1949) is a New Zealand singer and songwriter. From 1974 to 1976, he collected three successive New Zealand Album of the Year and Songwriter of the Year awards, a feat achieved by no other artist before or since, as well as the APRA Silver Scroll two years in succession.

Though Hanlon was born in Malaya, he migrated to New Zealand during the 1960s.
In 1978 he then moved to Australia running Sydney ad-agency LOUD. In recent years he has moved back to New Zealand where he continues to write books and play golf.

In 2024 he was presented with a Scroll of Honour from the Variety Artists Club of New Zealand for his contribution to New Zealand entertainment.

APRA Awards (New Zealand)
The APRA Music Awards are several annual and two-yearly award ceremonies run in New Zealand by Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills of its members. APRA hold the annual Silver Scroll Awards and song awards, selects an inductee into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame, and makes five professional development awards every year. APRA also runs awards for its Australian members.
Geneva Lake
Geneva Lake (Potawatomi: Kishwauketoe 'Clear Water') is a body of freshwater in Walworth County in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. On its shores are the city of Lake Geneva and the villages of Fontana-on-Geneva-Lake and Williams Bay. The lake covers an area of approximately 5,401 acres (2,186 ha; 8.439 sq mi; 21.86 km2), with a maximum length of 7.8 miles (12.6 km), a mean depth of 61 feet (19 m), and a maximum depth of 135 feet (41 m). Geologists believe that it is a filled-in kettle formed from a receding glacier.

Square kilometre
The square kilometre (square kilometer in American spelling; symbol: km2) is a multiple of the square metre, the SI unit of area or surface area. In the SI unit of area (m2), 1 km2 is equal to 1M(m2).

1 km2 is equal to:

1,000,000 square metres (m2)

100 hectares (ha)

It is also approximately equal to:

0.3861 square miles

247.1 acres

Conversely:

1 m2 = 0.000001 (10−6) km2

1 hectare = 0.01 (10−2) km2

1 square mile = 2.5899 km2

1 acre = about 0.004047 km2

The symbol "km2" means (km)2, square kilometre and not k(m2), kilo–square metre. For example, 3 km2 is equal to 3×(1,000m)2 = 3,000,000 m2, not 3,000 m2.
Shamshernagar, India
Shamshernagar is a large village in the Daudnagar subdivision and block in Aurangabad district, located in Bihar, India. The town falls under the jurisdiction of the  Magadh division. Situated on the bank of the Sone River, the National Highway 139 (Patna-Aurangabad Road) passes through the village. The Indrapuri Barrage canal is a local waterway. Shamshernagar is densely populated. It has adequate infrastructure, including a middle school, an intermediate high school, an additional Primary Health Centre (now Health Wellness Centre), and a Regional Rural Bank (MBGB).
Shamshernagar is an electrified village. and possesses a water tank for its water supply. 
It shares a border between Aurangabad and Arwal districts. Buses, auto-rickshaws and e-rickshaws provide regional transportation.

National Highway 139 (India)
National Highway 139 (NH 139) is a national highway in India, which passes through Bihar and Jharkhand. NH-139 connects Medininagar (Daltonganj) in Jharkhand to Phulwari Sharif in Patna, Bihar. This 240-kilometre-long (150 mi) highway passes through Arwal, Daudnagar, Aurangabad & Chhatarpur.
Happy Together (Philippine TV series)
Happy Together (pronounced as Happy to Get Her) is a Philippine television sitcom series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Edgar Mortiz, it stars John Lloyd Cruz. It premiered on December 26, 2021, on the network's Sunday Grande sa Gabi line up. The series concluded on August 6, 2023, with a total of three seasons and 74 episodes.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Pentax K-mount
The Pentax K-mount, sometimes referred to as the “PK-mount", is a bayonet lens mount standard for mounting interchangeable photographic lenses to 35 mm single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras. It was created by Pentax in 1975, and has since been used by all Pentax 35 mm and digital SLRs and also the MILC Pentax K-01. A number of other manufacturers have also produced many K-mount lenses and K-mount cameras.

Vivitar
Vivitar Corporation is a manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of photographic and optical equipment originally based in Santa Monica, California. Since 2008, the Vivitar name serves as Sakar International's house brand for digital imaging, optics, mobile accessories, and audio products.
Songs of Grief and Solitude
Songs of Grief and Solitude (Ukrainian: Пісні Скорботи і Самітності, romanized: Pisni skorboty i samitnosti), is the fifth album by Ukrainian black metal band Drudkh, released in 2006. It marks a radical departure from previous Drudkh works in that all songs are entirely acoustic, arranged in the manner of traditional Ukrainian folk. Several songs contain elements of previous Drudkh material: "Tears of Gods" contains elements of "Fate", "The Milky Way" is a rearranged version of "Blood" and "Archaic Dance" references "Glare of 1768", all three of which originally appeared on The Swan Road. "Why the Sun Becomes Sad" contains elements of "Sunwheel" from Autumn Aurora, and "The Cranes Will Never Return Here" is an acoustic rendition of the opening riff from the Blood in Our Wells track "Solitude".

In 2010, it was re-released as digipak by Season of Mist.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Kevin Davy
Kevin G. Davy (born 29 October 1961, Nottingham, UK) is a British jazz trumpeter/flugelhorn player, composer, arranger and bandleader. He has recorded with and toured with Finley Quaye, Lamb, Adam F and Lemn Sissay's Secret Society. He has led the Kevin Davy Quartet (KDQ), D’Semble, and Kevin Davy's Monster Jam . In 1992 Davy was given the Manchester Jazz Musician of the Year Award by BBC Radio Manchester show The People.

Relocating to Manchester in 1986, Davy studied at the Manchester Metropolitan University, attaining a Bachelor of Arts Degree (B.A) in General Arts (Humanities) in 1990. While enrolled there he attended the weekly jazz improvisation workshops organized by Colin Stansfield in the nearby All Saints College, subsumed into the campus of Manchester Metropolitan University.

Adam F
Adam Fenton (born 8 February 1972), also known as Adam F, is an English record producer and DJ who has worked across various genres. He is also the co-founder of the drum and bass label Breakbeat Kaos along with DJ Fresh. He found initial success with the 1990s drum and bass singles "Circles", "Metropolis", and "F-Jam", before releasing his debut studio album Colours in 1997. In 2001, he transitioned into hip hop music, producing the album Kaos: The Anti-Acoustic Warfare, featuring collaborations with LL Cool J, Redman and De La Soul. He later released a remix album, Drum and Bass Warfare, and collaborated with DJ Fresh.
Ruše
Ruše (pronounced [ˈɾùːʃɛ] ⓘ; German: Maria Rast) is a small town in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Ruše and lies on the right bank of the Drava River west of Maribor. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Roshani Rasaili
Roshani Rasaili (Nepali: रोशनी रसाइली) is a Nepalese folk and  duet singer of Nepal.  She is known for her contributions to the Nepali music industry. She was born in 1984 in Baglung District of Nepal. Rasaili started her musical career in 2009 with the release of her debut song, Kati Palayo Dali. With a career spanning 14 years in the musical field, she has become a prominent figure in both duet and folk singing.  Mutu bijhaune was the first music album in her musical carrier.

Baglung District
Baglung District (Nepali: बागलुङ जिल्ला pronounced [baɡluŋ] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Baglung as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,784 km2 (689 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 268,613.
2007 Skate America
The 2007 Skate America was the first event of six in the 2007–08 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Sovereign Center in Reading, Pennsylvania on October 25–28. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2007–08 Grand Prix Final. The compulsory dance was the Austrian Waltz.

Vladimir Petrenko
Vladimir Vasilyevich Petrenko (born in 1971) is a former competitive figure skater who represented the Soviet Union. He is the 1986 World Junior champion. He is the younger brother of Olympic gold medalist Viktor Petrenko, and they were both coached by Ukrainian figure skating coach Galina Zmievskaya at Spartak in Odesa.

Petrenko currently works as a coach at the International Skating Center (ISCC) in Simsbury, Connecticut. He is an ISU technical specialist for Ukraine. He has two sons, Daniel and Anton Petrenko. Daniel was once a competitive figure skater.
Robert Aitken (university administrator)
Sir Robert Stevenson Aitken (16 April 1901 – 10 April 1997) was a physician and university administrator from New Zealand, vice-chancellor of the University of Otago between 1948 and 1953 and of the University of Birmingham in England between 1953 and 1968.

Born in Wyndham on 16 April 1901, Aitken was educated at Mosgiel District High School and Gisborne High School. He went on to study medicine at the University of Otago, graduating MB ChB in 1922. He played representative field hockey for Otago in 1921 and 1922. In 1924, he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship, and went to study at Balliol College, Oxford, where he completed a DPhil in 1926. In 1929, Aitken married Margaret Kane, and the couple had three children.

In 1953, Aitken was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1960 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Taieri College
Taieri College, formerly called The Taieri High School and, prior to 1956, the Mosgiel District High School, is a co-educational state school in Mosgiel, Dunedin, New Zealand.

In 2003 a review of the schools on the Taieri Plains by the New Zealand Ministry of Education proposed that the high school would merge with Mosgiel Intermediate School (est. 1973) to become Taieri College from 2004. Because of this merger, ready-made classrooms were built for the intermediate students, as well as a second technology block. The roll expanded to over 800 in its first year, compared with the former high school's number of under 650 students, and now has 1090 students in 2018.
White-speckled laughingthrush
The white-speckled laughingthrush (Ianthocincla bieti), also known as Biet's Laughingthrush, is a species of passerine bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The white-speckled laughingthrush was at one time placed in the genus Garrulax but following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved to the resurrected genus Ianthocincla. The specific name commemorates the French missionary to China Félix Biet.

Laughingthrush
The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 143 species and is divided into 17 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.  The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.
Big Thunder Mountain Railroad
Big Thunder Mountain Railroad is a mine train roller coaster located at Disneyland, Magic Kingdom in Disney World, Tokyo Disneyland and Disneyland Park (Paris). In Tokyo and Paris, the attraction is named Big Thunder Mountain. Big Thunder Mountain Railroad is also the name of the fictional rail line the roller coaster depicts.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Jony (footballer, born 1985)
Jonathan Ñíguez Esclápez (born 2 April 1985), commonly known as Jony, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Segona FFCV club Costa City.

Having begun his career in the reserve teams of Valencia, Real Madrid and Villarreal, he later became a journeyman.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community, are organized by the Valencian Football Federation (FFCV):

Lliga Comunitat (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid – starting from the 2023–24 season)

Primera FFCV (former Regional Preferente – Level 7)

Segona FFCV (former Primera Regional – Level 8)

Tercera FFCV (former Segunda Regional – Level 9)
Transit-proximate development
Transit-proximate development is a term used by some planning officials to describe (potentially dense) development that is physically near a public transport node (e.g. a bus station, train station or metro station).  This type of development includes transit-oriented development, but, according to some planning officials, can also describe development that is not transit-oriented development.  Thus, transit-proximate development can include results where, despite the location of dense development near transit, the development does not take full advantage of -- or fully encourage the use of -- the public transport node.  For example, transit-proximate development could include buildings with extensive parking facilities typical of suburban locations, a lack of "mixed-use development" (housing, workplaces and shopping in the same place), or a lack of extensive pedestrian facilities that would make it easier for people to reach the public transport node.

Parking
Parking is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and usually leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions.  Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings' users.  Countries and local governments have rules for design and use of parking spaces.

Car parking is essential to car-based travel. Cars are typically stationary around 95 percent of the time. The availability and price of car parking may support car dependency. Significant amounts of urban land are devoted to car parking; in many North American city centers, half or more of all land is devoted to car parking.
Samir Abdel Fattah
Samir Abdel Fattah is a Yemeni short story writer, novelist and playwright. He was born in Jibla, Yemen in 1971, and he moved to Sanaa in 1982, where he studied economics and business at university. He is known for his short story collections, the first of which, Ranin al-matar, appeared in 2002. He has published two more collections since. He has written two novels: Riwayat al-Sayyid Mim (2007) and Ibn al-nasr (2008). He has also written plays for the theatre.

Abdel Fattah is a versatile writer, with a particular interest in European literature, especially that of Russia. He often deals with existential themes and his work is regarded as part of the avant-garde in modern Yemeni literature. In 2009, he teamed up with fellow writers Nadia al-Kokabany, Wajdi al-Ahdal and Ali al-Moqri to form a literary group called Meeting Yesterday. His work has been translated into Italian and was included in an anthology of contemporary Yemeni writers called Perle Dello Yemen (2009).

Jibla, Yemen
Jiblah (Arabic: جِبْلَة) is a town in the Ibb Governorate of Yemen, south-west of the city of Ibb. It is located at the elevation of around 2,200 metres (7,200 feet), near Jabal At-Ta'kar (جَبَل ٱلتَّعْكَر). The town and its surroundings were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List due to its purported universal cultural value. By 2019 Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences was established in the center of the town of Jiblah. The historical Palace of Queen Arwa is located in the town.
Night Walk (film)
Night Walk is an American crime thriller drama film written and directed by Aziz Tazi and starring Sean Stone, Mickey Rourke, Sarah Alami, French rapper La Fouine and Eric Roberts. The film is a modern-day Romeo and Juliet between the West and the Middle East that turns into a crime drama. In the film, a hero's quest for justice evolves into a spiritual journey led by Muslim inmates, from the moderate convert to terror-linked fundamentalists. Night Walk was shot between Los Angeles and five cities in Morocco. It premiered at the 2019 Moscow International Film Festival. In 2021, Night Walk was acquired by Lionsgate, making it the first Moroccan film in history to get Hollywood distribution.

Lionsgate Films
Lionsgate Films, previously spelled as Lions Gate and formerly known as Cinépix Film Properties, is a Canadian-American film production and distribution company founded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on June 15, 1962. Headquartered in Santa Monica, California, it is owned by Lionsgate Studios since May 14, 2024.

Lionsgate is the second-largest and most successful mini-major film studio in North America. The studio focuses on foreign and independent films and has distributed various commercially successful film franchises, including Saw, The Hunger Games, Rambo, Divergent, The Punisher, John Wick, Madea, Blair Witch, Now You See Me, Hostel, The Expendables, Sinister, The Twilight Saga, Step Up, and Den of Thieves.