hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bonus share
Bonus shares are shares distributed by a company to its current shareholders as fully paid shares free of charge.

to capitalise a part of the company's retained earnings

for conversion of its share premium account, or

distribution of treasury shares.

An issue of bonus shares is referred to as a bonus share issue.

Treasury stock
A treasury stock or reacquired stock is stock which is bought back by the issuing company, reducing the amount of outstanding stock on the open market ("open market" including insiders' holdings).

Stock repurchases are used as a tax efficient method to put cash into shareholders' hands, rather than paying dividends, in jurisdictions that treat capital gains more favorably. Sometimes, companies repurchase their stock when they feel that it is undervalued on the open market. Other times, companies repurchase their stock to reduce dilution from incentive compensation plans for employees. Another reason for stock repurchase is to protect the company against a takeover threat.

The United Kingdom equivalent of treasury stock as used in the United States is treasury share. Treasury stocks in the UK refers to government bonds or gilts.
Bringing Down Marble from the Quarries to Carrara
Bringing Down Marble from the Quarries to Carrara is a 1911 painting by John Singer Sargent which is part of the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

The painting depicts the major effort and gruelling labor involved in the manual quarrying of marble at the Carrara quarries in Tuscany, North Italy, the scale of which is suggested by the difference in size of the men working at the opposite ends of the ropes stretching diagonally across the composition.

The painting is not on view.

Carrara
Carrara (/kəˈrɑːrə/ kə-RAR-ə; Italian: [kaˈraːɾa]; Emilian: Carara, Emilian: [kaˈɾaːɾa]) is a town and comune in Tuscany, in northern Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some 100 kilometres (62 mi) west-northwest of Florence. Its motto is Latin: "Fortitudo mea in rota" ("My strength is in the wheel"), a reference firstly to the marble shipping industry from Roman times onwards.

During the contemporary era, the city and the surrounding region are closely linked to the history of the anarchist movement, with a significant part of its population being anarchist and many congresses being held there—one of the most notable being the Congress of Carrara (1968), which founded the International of Anarchist Federations (IAF), one of the main anarchist organizations to this day.
China Yangtze Power
China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. (CYPC), known as Yangtze Power is a Chinese utilities company, headquartered in Beijing. The company is a component of SSE 180 Index. A controlling share is held by the parent company China Three Gorges Corporation (CTG, Chinese: 中国长江三峡集团公司), a state-owned enterprise under State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.

The enterprise produces and sells energy to customers. China Yangtze Power was founded on 4 November 2002 and was brought on 18 November 2003 to the Shanghai Stock Exchange. China Yangtze Power originated from a cooperation of Chinese enterprises: Huaneng Power International, China National Nuclear Corporation, China National Petroleum Corporation, Gezhouba Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Group as well as the Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research.

Shanghai Stock Exchange
The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai, China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in mainland China, the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's third-largest stock market by market capitalization, exceeding $6 trillion in July 2024. It is also Asia's biggest stock exchange. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors and is often affected by the decisions of the central government due to capital account controls exercised by the Chinese authorities.

In 1891, Shanghai founded China's first exchange system. The current stock exchange was re-established on November 26, 1990, and was in operation on December 19 of the same year. It is a non-profit organization directly administered by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC).
Baron Rugby
Baron Rugby, of Rugby in the County of Warwick, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1947 for the civil servant Sir John Maffey. He was Governor-General of the Sudan between 1926 and 1933 and Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies between 1933 and 1937. At Winston Churchill's request he became the first United Kingdom representative to Ireland in 1939, a post he held throughout the war years and until his retirement in 1949. The title is now held by his grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 1990.

The Hon. Penelope Aitken, mother of the former Conservative politician Jonathan Aitken and of the actress Maria Aitken, was the daughter of the first Baron Rugby.

Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies
The under-secretary of state for the colonies was a junior ministerial post in the United Kingdom government, subordinate to the secretary of state for the colonies and, from 1948, also to a minister of state.
Amghras
Amghras is a small town and rural commune in Al Haouz Province of the Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 4222 people living in 760 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Medwecki and Nowakowski M.N.5
The Medwecki and Nowakowski M.N.5 was an economical Polish trainer aircraft initially aimed at the club market, though there was also some military interest. It performed well but lacked a constructor after Samolot became insolvent in 1930, so only one was completed.

Samolot
Samolot (full name: Wielkopolska Wytwórnia Samolotów Samolot S.A.) was the Polish aerospace manufacturer, located in Poznań and active between 1924 and 1930. It manufactured among others aircraft under the Bartel name. The name Samolot itself simply means airplane in Polish.
Scopula achroa
Scopula achroa, the Tasmanian saltmarsh looper moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1902. It is only found in the saltmarshes of Tasmania.

Adults have brown wings with zigzag markings.

Oswald Bertram Lower
Oswald Bertram Lower (28 February 1864 in Norwood, South Australia – 18 March 1925 in Wayville, South Australia) was an Australian chemist and pharmacist who is best known for his contributions to entomology, in particular butterflies and moths. His collection is now at the South Australian Museum.

In 1909 he married Eva Linda May (Davies) Lower. The couple had two sons: Oswald Bertram and Raymond Brackleigh.
Sharp Haw
Sharp Haw is a hill on the southern edge of the Yorkshire Dales, located just within the National Park. Being the last outpost of the hills before the broad Aire valley, and with a sharp summit from many angles, it is prominent and easily recognisable from much of the area to the south. The hill has an elevation of 357 metres (1,171 ft).

From the summit there are views over the Aire valley, to Gargrave, Skipton and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, to the east into Wharfedale and to the north into Malhamdale.

Although Ordnance Survey maps do not show a path to the summit, there is a path from the public bridleway, but this runs alongside the peak, not to the summit. It's popular with cyclists.

The pastures up Sharp Haw are home to sheep and beef cows, as well as ground nesting birds.

The word Haw comes from the Old English hawian, and means view.

River Aire
The River Aire is a major river in Yorkshire, England, 92 miles (148 km) in length. Part of the river below Leeds is canalised, and is known as the Aire and Calder Navigation.

The Handbook for Leeds and Airedale (1890) notes that the distance from Malham to Howden is 58 miles (93 km) direct, but the river's meanderings extend that to 90 miles (140 km). Between Malham Tarn and Airmyn, the river drops 1,300 feet (400 m).
Kashpi
Kashpi (local Quechua for stick (k'aspi), Hispanicized spelling Cashpe) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,200 metres (17,060 ft) high. The mountain is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Marcapomacocha District, and in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Huanza District. It lies southeast of Chunta and northwest of a lake named Pukaqucha.

Pukaqucha (Lima)
Pukaqucha (Quechua puka red, qucha lake, hispanicized spelling Pucacocha) is a lake in Peru, in the Lima Region, Huarochiri Province, Huanza District. Its elevation is about 4,786 metres (15,702 ft). It is about 1.00 km long and 0.8 km at its widest point.
The Siege of Constantine (painting)
The Siege of Constantine (French: La prise de Constantine) is an 1838 history painting by the French artist Horace Vernet depicting a scene from the French conquest of Algeria. It portrays French troops storming the city of Constantine on 13 October 1838.  It was one of a trilogy of paintings Vernet produced depicting different stages of the siege. It forms the third part of a Triptych. The work was displayed at the Salon of 1839 at the Louvre in Paris. The painting was commissioned by Louis Philippe I for the Musée de l'Histoire de France at the Palace of Versailles.

Commission (art)
In art, a commission is the act of requesting the creation of a piece, often on behalf of another. Artwork may be commissioned by private individuals, by the government, or businesses. Commissions often resemble endorsement or sponsorship.

In classical music, ensembles often commission pieces from composers, where the ensemble secures the composer's payment from private or public organizations or donors.
Ridin' (Mya song)
"Ridin'" is a song by American singer Mya. It was written and composed by Mýa, Ester Dean, Jevon Simms, Traci Hale and Tricky Stewart for her fourth studio album Liberation (2007), with the latter serving as producer. The lyric of the R&B song is based on a personal experience Mýa endured in a relationship at one point in time when she suspected her ex-boyfriend of cheating, finding herself at her lowest point, while chasing him and his affair.

The song was released by Universal Motown as a single in favor over album cuts "I Am" and "Walka Not a Talka" in a poll on Mya's MySpace page voted by fans and after the commercial disappointment of previous single "Lock U Down". Upon release, it received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics, who complimented on Mya's toned of voice and the topic of the song. A minor success on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, it peaked at number fifty-eight. The song's accompanying music video was filmed by Erik White.

Universal Motown Records
Universal Motown Records was an American record label that operated as a division of Universal Motown Republic Group. It was a contemporary incarnation of the massively successful soul label Motown Records, and the "urban" half of the Universal Records label, although there were some rock artists on the label (along with its sub-labels) as well. Due to internal restructuring at UMG, it was shuttered in 2011, eventually replaced by Republic Records and a modern Motown under The Island Def Jam Music Group.
Phander (village)
Phander (Urdu: پھنڈر) is the name of a village and valley in the Ghizer District located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The village is 184 kilometers from Gilgit on the road to the Shandur Pass, which continues on to Chitral.

There are four lakes in the valley, of which the Phander Lake is the largest.
Phander is one of the few places where the Gilgit River divides into several strands as it enters the valley, which merges again upon exit from the valley.

Gilgit
Gilgit (/ˈɡɪlɡɪt/; Shina: گِلیٗت IPA: [ɡi˧.leː˨˦t̪]; Urdu: گِلْگِت IPA: [ˈɡɪlɡɪt̪]) is the capital and most-populous city in Pakistani-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. It is located in a broad valley near the confluence of the Gilgit and the Hunza rivers. Gilgit is a major tourist destination in Pakistan, serving as a hub for trekking and mountaineering expeditions in the Karakoram mountain range of northern Pakistan.

Gilgit was once a major centre for Buddhism; it was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, and today serves as a major junction along the Karakoram Highway with road connections to China as well as the Pakistani cities of Skardu, Chitral, Peshawar, and Islamabad. The economic activity is mainly focused on agriculture, with wheat, maize, and barley as the main crops.
Mezzastris
Mezzastris (Mezastris, Mezzastri) was the family name of two Umbrian painters who worked in the Foligno area.

Pier Antonio Mezzastris (or Pierantonio) was the more famous, and the one usually meant when no first name is indicated

Bernardino Mezzastris (or Belardino), possibly the son of the preceding, was a lesser known painter

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Gottfried Inden
Gottfried Inden (June 1, 1827 – August 1, 1896) was an American politician.

Born in Prussia, Inden settled in Granville, Wisconsin and managed a hotel. He served as Granville town clerk and supervisor. In 1885, Inden served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat.

Granville, Wisconsin
Granville was a town located in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. One portion was incorporated as the village of Brown Deer in 1955; the remainder consolidated with the City of Milwaukee in 1956, and became a neighborhood of Milwaukee.
Ruling Lad
Ruling Lad is a Thoroughbred racehorse who won the New Zealand Derby in 1979.

He produced an extraordinary performance to win the Derby for rider Garry Phillips, but never showed that ability in the rest of his career. In the 15 starts he had after his Derby win, he never finished closer than seventh.

New Zealand Derby
The New Zealand Derby is a set-weights Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds, run over a distance of 2,400 metres (12 furlongs) at Ellerslie Racecourse in Auckland, New Zealand. It is held in March each year.
Montmeyan
Montmeyan (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃mɛjɑ̃]; Mount-Meyan in Provençal language of Mistralian norm and Montmejan in classical norm) is a commune (municipality), located in the department of Var, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, southeastern France.

Order of the Holy Ghost
The Order of the Holy Ghost (also known as Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit) was a Catholic religious order. It was founded in 1180 in Montpellier by Gui of Montpellier, the son of William VII of Montpellier, for the care of the sick by groups of lay people. Pope Innocent III recognised the order on 23 April 1198. It was originally based in Montpellier and in Rome. A small female remnant survives in Poland.
Black beret
The black beret is a coloured beret, commonly worn by paramilitaries and militaries around the world, particularly armored forces such as the British Army's Royal Tank Regiment (RTR), the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps (RCAC), and Royal Australian Armoured Corps (RAAC) and the Indian Army Armoured Corps.

Notable non-armored military units to wear the black beret include the non-military police and non-special forces elements of the Irish Defence Forces, Russian Naval Infantry (and formerly Soviet) and Russian OMON units, the majority of the United States Army, and United States Air Force (USAF) Tactical Air Control Parties (TACPs).

Special operations
Special operations or special ops are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment." Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counterterrorism, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as special forces (SF) or special operations forces (SOF).
Trębowiec Mały
Trębowiec Mały [trɛmˈbɔvjɛt͡s ˈmawɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirzec, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Mirzec, 12 km (7 mi) north of Starachowice, and 44 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Starachowice County
Starachowice County (Polish: powiat starachowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Starachowice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Wąchock, lying 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Starachowice.

The county covers an area of 523.27 square kilometres (202.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 89,925, out of which the population of Starachowice is 48,646, that of Wąchock is 2,766, and the rural population is 38,513.
George Smith (sportsman)
George E. Smith (March 2, 1927 – October 1, 2011), nicknamed "Sonny," was a sportsman who played Negro league baseball for the Harlem Globetrotters from 1948 to 1950 and the Chicago American Giants of the Negro American League from 1951 to 1952.

He also played basketball as a guard and forward for the Harlem Globetrotters from 1948 to 1954. He is the uncle of former NBA player Greg Smith (disambiguation).

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Lists of Pakistani provincial governors
These are lists of Pakistani provincial governors.

List of current Pakistani governors

Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan

Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan

Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Governor of Punjab, Pakistan

Governor of Sindh

Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly known as Governor of North-West Frontier Province) is the appointed head of state of the provincial government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province, or NWFP), Pakistan. Although the governor is the head of the province on paper, it is largely a ceremonial position; and the main powers lie with the elected Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Chief Secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the senior-most bureaucrat in the province.

However, throughout the history of Pakistan, the powers of the provincial governors were vastly increased, when the provincial assemblies were dissolved and the administrative role came under direct control of the governors, as in the cases of martial laws of 1958–1972 and 1977–1985, and governor rules of 1999–2002. In the case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, there were two direct governor rules, in 1975 and 1994, when the provincial chief ministers of those times were removed and assemblies dissolved.
Mud on the Tires (song)
"Mud on the Tires" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley.  It was released in September 2004 as the fourth and final single and title track off Paisley's album Mud on the Tires.  The song reached number-one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and peaked at number 30 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was written by Paisley and Chris DuBois.

Mud on the Tires
Mud on the Tires is the third studio album by American country music artist Brad Paisley. Released on July 22, 2003, through Arista Nashville, it produced four hit singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts: the Top Five hits "Celebrity", "Little Moments" and "Whiskey Lullaby", as well as the Number One title track. The album itself has been certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA, while "Whiskey Lullaby" and the title-track have been certified as gold singles. Mud on the Tires is Paisley's first album to feature a crossover-friendly country-pop sound, which was a departure from his earlier neotraditional country albums.
Bowls Victoria
Bowls Victoria, established in 1880, is the governing body for the sport of bowls in the State of Victoria. In addition to its specific responsibility for governing the sport and the development of the game at all levels, it also has a social objective to enhance existing bowling communities and to position bowls clubs and the sport in the wider community.

Bowls Victoria has a responsibility to govern the game as directed by World Bowls and Bowls Australia, to run events at state level and also to run Pennant competition in the Metro region. We have representative teams at senior, under-25, under-18, over-60 and bowlers arm levels.
They also have a responsibility to promote the sport in the community at large and in minorities. Clubs can lean on Bowls Victoria for support in a range of areas.

There are over 520 bowls clubs across Victoria, with 50,000 plus members affiliated with Bowls Victoria.

Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one.

The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ends are played.

The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand.
1988 Benson & Hedges Championships – Doubles
Miloslav Mečíř and Tomáš Šmíd were the defending champion, but Mečíř did not compete this year. Šmíd teamed up with Jakob Hlasek and lost in the quarterfinals to Marty Davis and Brad Drewett.

Ken Flach and Robert Seguso won the title by defeating Davis and Drewett 7–5, 6–2 in the final.

Miloslav Mečíř
Miloslav Mečíř (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈmilɔslaw ˈmetʂiːr̝̊]; born 19 May 1964) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. He won the men's singles gold medal at the 1988 Olympic Games, representing Czechoslovakia, and contested two major singles finals. In 1987 he won the WCT Finals, the season-ending championship for the World Championship Tennis tour. His son Miloslav Jr. is also a former professional tennis player.