hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ray Dalton (rugby union)
Raymond Alfred Dalton (14 July 1919 – 2 February 1997) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A prop, Dalton represented Wellington and Otago at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, between 1947 and 1949. He played 20 matches—three as captain—for the All Blacks, including two internationals.

During World War II, Dalton served as a navigator with the Royal New Zealand Air Force, based in the United Kingdom. In August 1942 he was commissioned as an air observer with the rank of pilot officer, in February 1943 he was promoted to flying officer, and in August 1944 he gained the rank of flight lieutenant. While in the air force, Dalton played 31 first-class matches for services rugby teams.

Dalton died in Auckland on 2 February 1997, and his ashes were buried at Purewa Cemetery.

Flying officer
Flying officer (Fg Off or F/O) is a junior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the UK Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Flying officer is one rank above pilot officer and one below flight lieutenant.

It is equivalent to the rank of sub-lieutenant in the navy and lieutenant in other services.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force was "Section Officer" before this organisation adopted common ranks with male officers.
Hass–Bender oxidation
In organic chemistry, the Hass–Bender oxidation (also called the Hass–Bender carbonyl synthesis) is an organic oxidation reaction that converts benzyl halides into benzaldehydes using the sodium salt of 2-nitropropane as the oxidant. This name reaction is named for Henry B. Hass and Myron L. Bender, who first reported it in 1949.

The reaction process begins with the deprotonation of 2-nitropropane at the α carbon to form a nitronate. This compound then initiates an SN2 reaction to displace the benzyl halide. Unlike in the nitroaldol reaction, where the deprotonated carbon of the nitroalkyl group is the nucleophilic atom, it is instead an oxygen of the nitro itself that attacks the benzylic carbon. The O-benzyl structure then undergoes a pericyclic reaction to produce a benzaldehyde, with dimethyloxime as a byproduct.

Although originally developed for benzyl compounds, the reaction also works for allyl halides, giving the respective α,β-enones and enals.

Oxime
In organic chemistry, an oxime is an organic compound belonging to the imines, with the general formula RR’C=N−OH, where R is an organic side-chain and R' may be hydrogen, forming an aldoxime, or another organic group, forming a ketoxime. O-substituted oximes form a closely related family of compounds. Amidoximes are oximes of amides (R1C(=O)NR2R3) with general structure R1C(=NOH)NR2R3.

Oximes are usually generated by the reaction of hydroxylamine with aldehydes (R−CH=O) or ketones (RR’C=O). The term oxime dates back to the 19th century, a combination of the words oxygen and imine.
Ronaldo Puno
Ronaldo "Ronnie" Villanueva Puno (born April 25, 1948) is a Filipino politician who has served as the representative for Antipolo's first district since 2025, a position he previously held from 2004 to 2006. He previously served as the 32nd secretary of the interior and local government from 1999 to 2000 and from 2006 to 2010.

A political strategist, Puno supported the presidential bids of eventual winners Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Estrada, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Puno was also responsible for the campaign of vice president and United Nationalist Alliance presidential candidate Jejomar Binay for the 2016 election. During Arroyo's presidency, Puno served as the leader of KAMPI, the chief administration party during her presidency.

Vice President of the Philippines
Vice President of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas, also referred to as Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas) is the title of the second-highest official in the executive branch of the Philippine government and is first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is directly elected by the citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the president.

The current office of the vice president was re-established under the 1987 Constitution, bearing similarities with the office as created in the 1935 Constitution that was abolished by the Marcos regime. The vice president may be elected to two consecutive six-year terms. The 15th and incumbent vice president Sara Duterte was inaugurated on June 19, 2022, but her term officially began 11 days later on June 30, as per the constitution.
Pristimantis ernesti
Pristimantis ernesti is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the summit of Sumaco, a volcano in the Napo Province, Ecuador. Its common name is Ernest's robber frog. It is named after Dr. Ernst Williams, a friend and colleague of the scientist that described the species. It is a little studied species.

Napo Province
Napo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnapo]) is a province of Ecuador. Its capital is Tena. The province is named after the Napo River. The province is not well developed and does not have much industrial presence. The thick rainforest is home to many natives that remain isolated by preference, descendants of those who fled the Spanish invasion in the Andes, and the Incas years before. In 2000, the province was the sole remaining majority-indigenous province of Ecuador, with 56.3% of the province either claiming indigenous identity or speaking an indigenous language.

This province is one of the many located in Ecuador's section of the Amazon rainforest.

In Napo province are also Antisana Ecological Reserve, Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park, and Limoncocha National Biological Reserve.
Wilde Lake, Columbia, Maryland
Wilde Lake /waɪld leɪk/ is a human-made drainage reservoir dug in 1966 and the name of the surrounding "village" of neighborhoods located in Columbia, Maryland, just north and west of Columbia Town Center. The village was the first part of Columbia's "New Town" to be built in the late 1960s, James W. Rouse and Frazar B. Wilde formally opened the neighborhood on June 21, 1967.  The lake and village are named for Frazar B. Wilde, a past chairman of the board of Connecticut General Life Insurance Company and former employer of James Rouse.  In 1963, the company agreed to fund the secret land purchases and, in return, acquired an equity participation. This arrangement was subsequently formalized by the creation of The Howard Research and Development Corporation, the joint venture established to develop Columbia.

Capital participation
Capital participation (sometimes also called equity participation or equity interest) is a form of equity sharing not restricted to housing, in which a company, infrastructure, property or business is shared between different parties. Shareholders invest in a business for profit maximization and  cost savings, e.g., through tax deduction. A visible and controversial form of capital participation can be found in public–private partnerships in which the private sector invests in public projects and usually receive a time-limited concession for ownership or operation to make profits from the acquired property.
Anglican Diocese of Kagera
The Diocese of Kagera is a diocese in the Anglican Church of Tanzania: its current bishop is Darlington Bendankeha.

The diocese has been linked with the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich in the Church of England since 1994.

Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich
The Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich is a Church of England diocese based in Ipswich, covering Suffolk (excluding Lowestoft). The cathedral is St Edmundsbury Cathedral, and the bishop is the Bishop of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich.  It is part of the Province of Canterbury.

The diocese was formed on 23 January 1914 from parts of the Diocese of Norwich and the Diocese of Ely.

Though the diocesan offices, the bishops' offices and residences are all in Ipswich – only the cathedral (and its offices) are in Bury St Edmunds – the diocese is nonetheless often referred to as St Edmundsbury diocese. Both the diocese and the diocesan bishop are commonly called "(St) Eds and Ips."
Lompoc Fire Department
The Lompoc Fire Department (LFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Lompoc, California. The department's primary response area is approximately 12 square miles (31 km2) and includes the United States Penitentiary, Lompoc.

Federal Correctional Institution, Lompoc II
The Federal Correctional Institution, Lompoc II is a low (formerly also a high, and then medium) security United States federal prison for male inmates in Lompoc, California. It is part of the Lompoc Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Lompoc) and is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. The facility also has a satellite prison camp for minimum-security male inmates. It was formerly a military disciplinary barracks on Camp Cooke.

FCC Lompoc is located within the city of Lompoc, 175 miles (282 km) northwest of Los Angeles, adjacent to Vandenberg Space Force Base. The complex also includes a second Federal Correctional Institution (in addition to the satellite prison camp).
Karl-Heinrich von Groddeck
Karl-Heinrich Erich Moritz von Groddeck (19 July 1936 – 14 December 2011) was a German rower who won three Olympic medals for the United Team of Germany: a silver in the coxed pairs in 1956 and a gold and a silver in the eights in 1960 and 1964, respectively. He also won one world and five European titles in these two rowing events between 1956 and 1964 for West Germany. In 1964 he retired from competitions.

Back in 1958, von Groddeck moved from Wiesbaden to Hamburg to work for Axel Springer AG as a journalist in the sports section of a newspaper. For many years he was reporting the history of German rowing. Later he worked as a freelance journalist.

Coxed pair
A coxed pair, abbreviated as a 2+, is a racing shell used in the sport of competitive rowing. It is designed for two persons who propel the boat with sweep oars and is steered by a coxswain (cox).

The crew consists of two rowers, each having one oar, and a cox. One rower is on the port side and other is on the starboard side. The cox steers the boat using a rudder and may be seated at the stern of the boat (from where there is a view of the crew) or in the bow (known as a bowloader). With a bowloader, amplification is needed to communicate with the crew which is sitting behind, but the cox has a better view of the course, and the weight distribution may help the boat go faster. When there is no cox, the boat is referred to as a  "coxless pair".
Maple Avenue Historic District (Elmira, New York)
Maple Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Elmira, Chemung County, New York.  It encompasses 121 contributing buildings and four contributing objects in a predominantly residential section of Elmira.  It developed between about 1869 and 1940, and includes notable examples of Italianate, Second Empire, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and American Craftsman style architecture.  Located in the district are the separately listed John Brand Jr. House, John Brand Sr. House, and Alexander Eustace House. Other notable buildings are the J.H. Harris House (1892), Samuel W. Clark House (c. 1869), James H. Clark House (c. 1869), and Horace W. Personius House (1913).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Chemung County, New York
Chemung County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 84,148 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is Elmira. Its name is derived from a Delaware Indian village whose name means "big horn" in the Seneca language. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Chemung County comprises the Elmira, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY Combined Statistical Area.

Many signs posted along roads in Chemung County refer to the area as "Mark Twain Country," because the noted author lived and wrote for many years in Elmira.
Xu Fu
Xu Fu (Hsu Fu; Chinese: 徐福 or 徐巿; pinyin: Xú Fú; Wade–Giles: Hsu2 Fu2; Japanese: 徐福 Jofuku or 徐巿 Jofutsu; Korean: 서복 Seo Bok or 서불 Seo Bul) was a Chinese alchemist and explorer. He was born in 255 BC in Qi, an ancient Chinese state, and disappeared at sea in 210 BC. He served as a court sorcerer in Qin dynasty China. Later, he was sent by Qin Shi Huang to the eastern seas twice to look for the elixir of life. His two journeys occurred between 219 BC and 210 BC. It was believed that the fleet included 60 barques with soldiers, ship crewmen, and 3,000 boys and 3,000 girls, and craftsmen of different fields. After he embarked on a second mission in 210 BC, he never returned.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre backstroke
The men's 100 metre backstroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23–24 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Lenny Krayzelburg of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre
The Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre (SOPAC), formerly Sydney International Aquatic Centre (SIAC), is a swimming venue located in the Sydney Olympic Park in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Built in 1994, the SOPAC was a major venue for the 2000 Summer Olympics as it hosted the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, the medal events for water polo, and the swimming portion of the modern pentathlon competitions. The SOPAC has since been a host venue for numerous schools and swimming associations around New South Wales. Currently, it has most notably been the venue for the annual CAS Swimming Championships. It is also scheduled to be the site of the 2022 Duel in the Pool. The SOPAC also includes a swim shop at the entry of the arena, a play area, a health club and operates swimming classes for all ages.

The arena currently holds 10,000 people. Capacity was boosted to 17,000 during the 2000 Summer Olympics.
St George's Church, Gravesend
St George's Church, Gravesend, is a Grade II*-listed Anglican church dedicated to Saint George the patriarch of England, which is situated near the foot of Gravesend High Street in the Borough of Gravesham. It serves as Gravesend's parish church and is located in the diocese of Rochester in Kent, England.

Gravesham
Gravesham (/ˈɡreɪvʃəm/ GRAYV-shəm) is a local government district with borough status in north-west Kent, England. The council is based in its largest town of Gravesend. The borough is indirectly named after Gravesend, using the form of the town's name as it appeared in the Domesday Book of 1086. The district also contains Northfleet and a number of villages and surrounding rural areas.

Parts of the borough lie within the Kent Downs, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Dartford, Sevenoaks, Tonbridge and Malling, and Medway, plus Thurrock on the opposite side of the River Thames.

Gravesham is twinned with Cambrai in Hauts-de-France, France and Neumünster in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The Gravesham parliamentary constituency covers the same area as the borough.
Ian Gainsford
Sir Ian Derek Gainsford (né Ginsberg; born 24 June 1930) is a British retired dentist and academic. He was dean of King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, King's College London (1988–1997) and vice-principal of King's College London (1994–1997). He was president of the Maccabaeans, a friendly society.

Friendly society
A friendly society (sometimes called a benefit society, mutual aid society, benevolent society, fraternal organization or ROSCA) is a mutual association for the purposes of insurance, pensions, savings or cooperative banking. It is a mutual organization or benefit society composed of a body of people who join together for a common financial or social purpose. Before modern insurance and the welfare state, friendly societies provided financial and social services to individuals, often according to their religious, political, or trade affiliations. These societies are still widespread in many parts of the developing world, where they are referred to as ROSCAs (rotating savings and credit associations), ASCAs (accumulating savings and credit associations), burial societies, chit funds, etc.
Go Fly
Go Fly (styled and trading as gogo) was the name of a British low-cost airline, founded by British Airways in 1998. It operated flights between London Stansted Airport (from which it was head quartered) and destinations in Europe. The airline was purchased from BA in a management buyout backed by the private equity firm 3i in 2001. In 2002, it was bought by its rival EasyJet and was merged into EasyGroup's airline's operations by 2003.

EasyGroup
EasyGroup Ltd (styled as easyGroup, or simply easy) is a British multinational venture capital conglomerate founded in 1998. It is headquartered in London, United Kingdom and privately owned by Stelios Haji-Ioannou.
Gudmund Skjeldal
Gudmund Skjeldal (born 4 September 1970) is a Norwegian cross-country skier and writer.

He competed in the World Cup between 1991 and 1995. In March 1991 he finished eighth in the 50 kilometres in Oslo. He finished second in the same race two years later, and fourth over 15 kilometres in Štrbské Pleso later in March 1993.

He is the brother of Kristen Skjeldal, and was born in Voss Municipality. He holds the cand.philol. degree with a major in the history of ideas. He has worked as a school teacher, and wrote the books På villspor (1995) and Den siste langrennaren (2005), the latter a portrait of his brother. He fronts the environmental campaign Hvit Vinter ('White Winter').

Štrbské Pleso
Štrbské Pleso (pronunciationⓘ, German: Tschirmer See; Hungarian: Csorbató or Csorba-tó; Polish: Szczyrbskie Jezioro) is a ski, tourist, and health resort in the High Tatras, Slovakia located on the lake by the same name. With extensive parking facilities and a stop on the Tatra trolley and rack railway, it is a starting point for a host of popular hikes including to Kriváň and Rysy.
Winston & Strawn
Winston & Strawn LLP is an American multinational law firm headquartered in Chicago, US. The company has more than 975 attorneys spread across 10 offices in the United States and five offices in Europe, Asia and South America. Founded in 1853, it is one of the largest and oldest law firms in Chicago. The firm is known for its litigation and transactional practices across a variety of fields.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
Ngirhaphium
Ngirhaphium is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It includes six species known from mangroves in Southeast Asia. Ngirhaphium closely resembles the genus Rhaphium and was originally placed in the subfamily Rhaphiinae, though several molecular phylogenetic analyses were unable to resolve its phylogenetic position. The genus is named after Peter Kee Lin Ng, a professor at the National University of Singapore; the genus name combines the family name "Ng" and the generic name Rhaphium.

Dolichopodidae
Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 8,000 described species in about 250 genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some 600 species.

Dolichopodidae generally are small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance, though there is considerable variation among the species.  Most have long legs, though some do not. In many species, the males have unusually large genitalia which are taxonomically useful in identifying species. Most adults are predatory on other small animals, though some may scavenge or act as kleptoparasites of spiders or other predators.
Eureka Glacier
Eureka Glacier (69°44′S 68°45′W﻿ / ﻿69.733°S 68.750°W﻿ / -69.733; -68.750) is a broad, gently sloping glacier, 18 nautical miles (33 km) long and 17 nautical miles (31 km) wide at its mouth, which flows westward from the west side of Palmer Land into George VI Sound. It is bounded on its north side by the nunataks south of Mount Edgell, on its south side by the Traverse Mountains and Terminus Nunatak, and at its head Prospect Glacier provides a route to the Wordie Ice Shelf. It was first surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill and resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. The name, from the ancient Greek word eureka,  expresses the triumph of discovery and arose because the BGLE sledge party found their way to George VI Sound via this glacier in 1936.

Wordie Ice Shelf
The Wordie Ice Shelf (69°15′S 67°45′W﻿ / ﻿69.250°S 67.750°W﻿ / -69.250; -67.750) was a confluent glacier projecting as an ice shelf into the SE part of Marguerite Bay between Cape Berteaux and Mount Edgell, along the western coast of Antarctic Peninsula.

In March 2008, the British Antarctic Survey reported that it appeared ready to break away from the Antarctic Peninsula. By April 2009 it had done so, vanishing completely.

Discovered by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, 1934–37, who named this feature for Sir James Wordie, Honorary Secretary (later President) of the Royal Geographical Society, member of the Discovery Committee, and chairman of the Scott Polar Research Institute. He also had been geologist and Chief of the Scientific Staff of the British expedition, 1914–16, under Ernest Shackleton.
Lakshmi Holmström
Lakshmi Holmström MBE (1 June 1935 – 6 May 2016) was an Indian-British writer, literary critic, and translator of Tamil fiction into English. Her most prominent works were her translations of short stories and novels by contemporary writers in Tamil, such as Mauni, Pudhumaipithan, Ashoka Mitran, Sundara Ramasami, C. S. Lakshmi, Bama, and Imayam.

Crossword Book Award
The Crossword Book Award (formerly known as the Crossword Book Award (1998–2003), the Hutch Crossword Book Award (2004–07), the Vodafone Crossword Book Award (2008–10), the Economist Crossword Book Award (2011–13), Raymond & Crossword Book Award (2014–present)) is an Indian book award hosted by Crossword Bookstores and their sponsors. The Award was instituted in 1998 by Indian book retailer Crossword with the intention of competing with The Booker Prize, Commonwealth Writers' Prize or The Pulitzer Prize.