hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chak District
Chak (Pashto: چک) is a district in the southern part of Maidan Wardak Province of Afghanistan. Its population was estimated at 83,376 in 2005, the last year for which figures are available. The administrative center of Chak district is the town of Chak.

Chak District is within the heartland of the Wardak tribe of Pashtuns. To its southeast is Saydabad District, to the northeast Nirkh District, and to the northwest is Day Mirdad District.

Maidan Wardak Province
Maidan Wardak, (Pashto; Dari: میدان وردک) simply Wardak or Wardag (Pashto; Dari: وردگ), is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the central region of Afghanistan. It is divided into eight districts and has a population of approximately 500,000. The capital of the province is Maidan Shar, while the most populous district in the province is Sayed Abad District. Wardak is known for one of its famous high peak mountain known as (Shah Foladi). In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive. Wardak is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in central Afghanistan. Its capital is the closest provincial city to Kabul.
Presbyterian Church of Tasmania
The Presbyterian Church of Tasmania is one of the constituent churches of the Presbyterian Church of Australia (PCA). It was established in 1896 as a union of Church of Scotland and Free Church of Scotland congregations. It was incorporated by the Presbyterian Church Act 1896, and became part of the PCA through the Presbyterian Church of Australia Act 1901.

The first Presbyterian service in Tasmania was held in 1823, and in 1835 the Presbytery of Van Diemen's Land was constituted. In 1977, the majority of Presbyterian congregations in Tasmania left to join the Uniting Church in Australia. As of 2023, the Presbyterian Church of Tasmania has 14 churches in two presbyteries, called Derwent (named after the River Derwent) and Bass (named after the Bass Strait).

Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)
The Free Church of Scotland is a Scottish denomination which was formed in 1843 by a large withdrawal from the established Church of Scotland in a schism known as the Disruption of 1843. In 1900, the vast majority of the Free Church of Scotland joined with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland to form the United Free Church of Scotland (which itself mostly re-united with the Church of Scotland in 1929). In 1904, the House of Lords judged that the constitutional minority that did not enter the 1900 union were entitled to the whole of the church's patrimony (see Bannatyne v. Overtoun); the residual Free Church of Scotland acquiesced in the division of those assets, between itself and those who had entered the union, by a Royal Commission in 1905. Despite the late founding date, the leadership held a doctrine of unbroken succession of leaders going back to the Apostles.
Allobenedenia
Allobenedenia is a genus of monopisthocotylean monogeneans, included in the family Capsalidae.
All species in this genus are parasitic on external surfaces of marine teleosts.

According to Yang et al., (2004)  species of Allobenedenia are characterised by a haptor with 5 radial loculi formed by 5 radial septa; the central loculus is usually absent.

Monogenea
Monogeneans, members of the class Monogenea (/ˌmɒnəˈdʒiːniːə/ MON-ə-JEE-nee-ə), are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.

Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. The genus Gyrodactylus  is an example of a viviparous variety, while the genus Dactylogyrus is an example of an oviparous variety.
George Head
Sir George Head (1782–1855) was an English commissariat officer and deputy Knight Marshal, also known for the publication 'A Home Tour through the Manufacturing Districts of England in the Summer of 1835', and other literary works.

Commissariat
A commissariat is a department or organization commanded by a commissary or by a corps of commissaries.

In many countries, commissary is a police rank. In those countries, a commissariat is a police station commanded by a commissary.

In some armies, commissaries are logistic officers. In those countries, a commissariat is a department charged with the provision of supplies, both food and forage, for the troops. The supply of military stores such as ammunition is not included in the duties of a commissariat. In almost every army the duties of transport and supply are performed by the same corps of departmental troops.
Shop 'n Save
Shop ’n Save was a grocery store chain in the Greater St. Louis market with 36 stores at its peak. The company, headquartered in Kirkwood, Missouri, was a wholly owned subsidiary of SuperValu, based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota.

SuperValu also licenses the Shop ’n Save name to 90 stores in Western Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio, West Virginia, and Maryland. These stores are supplied through the SuperValu Wholesale division. In July 2016, Supervalu purchased 22 Food Lion locations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Virginia. These stores would not be a part of SuperValu’s corporately owned Shop 'n Save retail banner and they planned to offer these stores to their wholesale customers to operate. In August 2018, it was announced that 13 of the formerly purchased Food Lion locations would be closed in September 2018. On November 19th, 2018, all remaining Shop 'n Save locations closed.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Zane Huett
Zane Huett  is an American actor.

Zane is most famous for his featured role on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives playing the role of Parker Scavo, the younger son of Lynette and  Tom Scavo. He plays the youngest Scavo boy, yet is older by six months than the actors Brent Kinsman and Shane Kinsman who play the older Scavo boys. Desperate Housewives is Huett's first role for television.

Other film credits include Mysterious Skin and P.O.V.: The Camera's Eye.

He has a younger sister (Zoe Alexa Julianne Huett) who also acts on occasion.

Zane currently serves as a StarPower Ambassador for Starlight Children's Foundation, encouraging other young people to commit their time, energy and resources to help other kids and working with Starlight to brighten the lives of seriously ill children.

Mysterious Skin
Mysterious Skin is a 2004 coming-of-age drama film written, produced, and directed by Gregg Araki, adapted from Scott Heim's 1995 novel of the same name. The film tells the story of two pre-adolescent boys who both experienced sexual abuse, and how it affects their lives in different ways into their young adulthood. One boy becomes a reckless, sexually adventurous prostitute (played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt), while the other (Brady Corbet) retreats into a reclusive fantasy of alien abduction.

Mysterious Skin premiered at the 61st Venice International Film Festival in September 2004, moving into wider distribution in May 2005 without a rating. It grossed $2.1 million at the box office and received critical acclaim. Psychologists have praised Mysterious Skin for its accurate depiction of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse.
Communications deception
In telecommunications, the term communications deception has the following meanings:

Deliberate transmission, retransmission, or alteration of communications to mislead an adversary's interpretation of the communications.

Use of devices, operations, and techniques with the intent of confusing or misleading the user of a communications link or a navigation system.

Data link
A data link is a means of connecting one location to another for the purpose of transmitting and receiving digital information (data communication). It can also refer to a set of electronics assemblies, consisting of a transmitter and a receiver (two pieces of data terminal equipment) and the interconnecting data telecommunication circuit. These are governed by a link protocol enabling digital data to be transferred from a data source to a data sink.
Rhodotorula toruloides
Rhodotorula toruloides is a species of oleaginous yeast. It is a red basidiomycete isolated from the wood pulp of conifers and naturally accumulates carotenoids, neutral lipids, and enzymes relevant to the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It is able to metabolize all major components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and is a potential host for metabolic engineering to produce terpenes and fatty acids. R. toruloides accumulates lipids within intracellular lipid bodies under nutrient-limiting conditions and could potentially be a source for engineering of lipid-production pathways.

R. toruloides has been linked to bovine mastitis, but its epidemiology has not yet been reported.

Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants.  Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are polymers made by the cross-linking of phenolic precursors.
Methley Junction railway station
Methley Junction railway station was one of three stations that served the village of Methley, West Yorkshire, England. It opened on 1 October 1849 and closed on 4 October 1943.

The station was built by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway on its line from Knottingley which joined the line of the North Midland Railway (currently used by the Hallam Line) north of the junction of the Woodlesford–Castleford (Midland) and the Woodlesford–Normanton (North Eastern Railway) tracks. South of the station, the Methley Joint Railway to Lofthouse branched off from the Lancashire and Yorkshire line. The station building is now a private house but the site of the former station is now part of a housing estate.

Methley Joint Railway
The Methley Joint Railway (or Methley joint line) was a short English railway line constructed by the Bradford, Wakefield and Leeds Railway company, connecting its Leeds direction line with other companies' eastward routes to York, the north-east, and Goole. The line connected collieries along its route. The BW&LR changed its name to the West Yorkshire Railway at the same time. The line was double track, just over five miles in length, between junctions at Lofthouse and Methley.

The connected Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway and the North Eastern Railway were brought in to joint ownership of the line in 1864, and the line opened in 1865; passenger traffic was delayed, starting in 1869.

A variety of passenger train services operated over the route, but the line closed to passenger trains in 1964, and completely in 1981.
Wannig (river)
The Wannig, locally known as the Wannigsbach, is a small river in Lower Franconia in the Bavarian district of Bad Kissingen. It is a right‑bank tributary of the Lauer and ultimately part of the Rhine drainage basin.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Walt Michaels
Walter Edward Michaels (originally Majka) (October 16, 1929 – July 10, 2019) was an American professional football player and coach who was best remembered for his six-year tenure as head coach of the National Football League (NFL)'s New York Jets from 1977 to 1982. In 1977, Michaels was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame, the National Polish American Sports Hall of Fame and into the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame on Long Island in the football Category with the Class of 1997.

Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame
The Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame is an American sports hall of fame based in Suffolk County on Long Island, New York. The non-profit was established during 1990 to honor outstanding people, living or deceased, who have gained prominence and made substantial contributions on behalf of themselves and Suffolk County in professional and amateur sports.
Independent Party (Burma)
The Independent Party, also known as the Golden Valley Party, was a pro-British political party in Burma during the 1920s and 1930s. Its leadership included Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi, U Khin and U May Oung. Oscar de Glanville was also a party leader.

Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi
Sir Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi (Burmese: ဆာ ဂျိုးဇက် အော်ဂပ်စတပ် မောင်ကြီး; 12 December 1871 – 9 March 1955) was a Burmese barrister, judge, politician and administrator who served as the Acting Governor of British Burma during the tenure of Charles Alexander Innes, who was away on sick leave in the United Kingdom. He was the first Burmese governor during the British colonial period. At various other times during the colonial era he served as Minister of Agriculture, Excise and Forestry, of Home Affairs, and as Minister for Transferred Subjects.

He should not be confused with Sir (M. A.) Maung Gyee, with whom his career overlapped.
I Can't Make You Love Me
"I Can't Make You Love Me" is a song written by Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin and recorded by American singer Bonnie Raitt for her eleventh studio album, Luck of the Draw (1991). Released as the album's second single in 1991, "I Can't Make You Love Me" became one of Raitt's most successful singles, reaching the top-20 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the top-10 on the Adult Contemporary chart.

In August 2000, Mojo magazine voted "I Can't Make You Love Me" the eighth best track on its The 100 Greatest Songs of All Time list. The song was ranked at number 339 on the Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, later placing at number 372 on the 2021 ranking. On November 27, 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Sandnes, Nordland
Sandnes is a village in Hadsel Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the island of Langøya on the northern shore of the Langøysundet strait, across from the town of Stokmarknes.

The 0.46-square-kilometre (110-acre) village had a population (2012) of 322 and a population density of 700 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,800/sq mi). Since 2012, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Statistics Norway
Statistics Norway (Norwegian: Statistisk sentralbyrå, abbreviated to SSB) is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.

With a staff of approximately 1,000, it publishes around 1,000 new statistical releases annually on its website in both Norwegian and English. Additionally, it offers a number of edited publications, all of which are available for free online.

As the central Norwegian office for official government statistics, Statistics Norway provides the public and government with extensive research and analysis activities. It is administratively placed under the Ministry of Finance but operates independently from all government agencies. Statistics Norway has a board appointed by the government. It relies extensively on data from registers, but are also collecting data from surveys and questionnaires, including from cities and municipalities.
Mike Burton (rugby union)
Michael Alan Burton (born 18 December 1945, in Maidenhead) is a former English rugby union footballer, who won a reputation as an uncompromising prop forward for Gloucester, England and the British and Irish Lions.

Maidenhead
Maidenhead is a market town in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in the county of Berkshire, England. It lies on the southwestern bank of the River Thames, which at this point forms the border with Buckinghamshire. In the 2021 Census, the Maidenhead built-up area had a population of 67,375. The town is 27 miles (43 km) west of Charing Cross, London and 13 miles (21 km) east-northeast of Reading.
DJ Speedsick
DJ Speedsick is an American electronic musician, DJ, and record producer based in Chicago, Illinois. Emerging from the experimental music scene in the late 2010s, his work gained attention for its abrasive sound and role in a revival of interest in high-BPM/hardcore techno.

He has created scores for fashion campaigns by brands such as G-Star. He has shared bills with artists such as FKA Twigs, Yves Tumor, Regis, and Lil Ugly Mane.

G-Star
G-Star (sometimes also written G*STAR, G★ or G★STAR; Korean: 지스타; RR: Jiseuta) is an annual trade show for the video game industry presented by Korea Association of Game Industry and Busan IT Promotion Agency in November. Originally held in the Seoul Capital Area, it was relocated to Busan in 2009.
Sölch Glacier
Sölch Glacier (67°4′S 66°23′W﻿ / ﻿67.067°S 66.383°W﻿ / -67.067; -66.383) is a glacier on the Pernik Peninsula of the Loubet Coast in Graham Land, flowing west to Salmon Cove just north of Kanchov Peak on the east side of Lallemand Fjord. It was mapped from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition, 1956–57, and named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Johann Sölch (1883–1951), an Austrian glacial geologist and glaciologist.

Kanchov Peak
Kanchov Peak (Bulgarian: Кънчов връх, romanized: Kanchov vrah, IPA: [ˈkɤnt͡ʃov ˈvrɤx]) is the rocky peak rising to 1272 m on the west coast of Pernik Peninsula, Loubet Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica. The feature has steep and partly ice-free slopes, surmounting Lallemand Fjord to the west, Salmon Cove to the north, and Field Glacier to the southeast and south.

The peak is named after the Bulgarian geographer, ethnographer and historian Vasil Kanchov (1862–1902).
Ashraf Ali Jatoi
Ashraf Ali Jatoi (Urdu: اشرف علی جتوئی) is a Pakistani businessman and politician who has been a member of the Senate of Pakistan since April 2024. Previously, he served as the chairman of Zeal-Pak Cement.

Murder of Shahzeb Khan
On 25 December 2012, university student Shahzeb Khan was murdered in a targeted revenge killing in Karachi, Pakistan. The initial lack of action from police in apprehending Shahzeb Khan's killers sparked countrywide outrage and protests against the abuse of power by the wealthy in Pakistan. On 7 June 2013, Shahrukh Jatoi, son of feudal Sikandar Jatoi and Siraj Talpur, from the Talpur clan, were sentenced to death for this crime, while Sajjad Solangi and Ghulam Murtaza Lashari were sentenced to life imprisonment for aiding the two killers. However, in September 2013 Shahzeb's parents, DSP Aurangzeb Khan and Ambreen Aurangzeb, decided to file an affidavit with the court pardoning all four accused and requesting their release, the Sindh High Court released the culprits on 23 December 2017. On 1 February 2018 the Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered both the case to be reopened before the SHC and the accused persons to be retaken into custody.
Kidnapping of Edward Bremer
The 1934 kidnapping of Edward Bremer was the last major criminal enterprise of the Barker-Karpis gang. Though successful in netting the gang a large ransom, it brought down the full force of the FBI on the gang, resulting in the death or capture of its main members in the months afterwards. The kidnapping was ordered by St. Paul Jewish-American organized crime boss Harry Sawyer, and carried out by Fred Barker, Alvin Karpis, Arthur Barker, Volney Davis and Chicago Outfit mobster George Ziegler.

The successful capture and prosecution of the kidnappers greatly enhanced the reputation of the FBI. The strong evidence that the city's police were working with the criminals helped fuel campaigns against police corruption.

Ransom
Ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release. It also refers to the sum of money paid by the other party to secure a captive's freedom.

When ransom means "payment", the word comes via Old French rançon from Latin redemptio, 'buying back'; compare "redemption".
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), formerly known as the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), is an American state agency under the California Natural Resources Agency. The Department of Fish and Wildlife manages and protects the state's wildlife, wildflowers, trees, mushrooms, algae (kelp and seaweed) and native habitats (ecosystems). The department is responsible for regulatory enforcement and management of related recreational, commercial, scientific, and educational uses. The department also prevents illegal poaching.

Yolo County, California
Yolo County (/ˈjoʊloʊ/ ⓘ; Wintun: Yo-loy), officially the County of Yolo, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Yolo County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. As of the 2020 census, its population was 216,403. Its county seat is Woodland. Yolo County is included in the greater Sacramento metropolitan area  in the Sacramento Valley.
Felician Academy (Detroit, Michigan)
Felician Academy was an all-girls Catholic high school in Detroit, Michigan.  The school was opened in 1882 and was operated by the Felician Sisters.

Felician Academy was one of only nine Catholic high schools established in the 1800s in the Detroit area:

1. Detroit Sacred Heart Academy (1851)

2. University of Detroit High School (1877)

3. Detroit Felician (1882)

3. Detroit Holy Redeemer (1882)

5. St. Mary's Preparatory (1885)

6. Grosse Pointe Academy of the Sacred Heart (1887)

7. Detroit St. Joseph (1889)

8. Detroit Sweetest Heart of Mary(1890)

9. Detroit St. Leo (1892)

Felician Academy closed in 1967.

Felician Sisters
The Felician Sisters, in full Congregation of Sisters of St. Felix of Cantalice Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Assisi (abbreviated CSSF), is a religious institute of pontifical right whose members profess public vows of and live in common. This religious institute was founded in Warsaw, Poland, in 1855, by Angela Truszkowska, and named for a shrine of Saint Felix of Cantalice, a 16th-century Capuchin especially devoted to children.