hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dahlgren gun
Dahlgren guns were muzzle-loading naval guns designed by United States Navy Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren (November 13, 1809 – July 12, 1870), mostly used in the American Civil War. Dahlgren's design philosophy evolved from an accidental explosion in 1849 of a 32 lb (14.5 kg) gun being tested for accuracy, killing a gunner. He believed a safer, more powerful naval cannon could be designed using more scientific design criteria. Dahlgren guns were designed with a smooth curved shape, equalizing strain and concentrating more weight of metal in the gun breech where the greatest pressure of expanding propellant gases needed to be met to keep the gun from bursting. Because of their rounded contours, Dahlgren guns were nicknamed "soda bottles", a shape which became their most identifiable characteristic.: 203

Fort Pitt Foundry
The Fort Pitt Foundry was a nineteenth-century iron foundry in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  It was originally established at Fifth Avenue and Smithfield Street in 1804 by Joseph McClurg, grandfather of Joseph W. McClurg, and his son Alex McClurg, father of bookseller and general Alexander C. McClurg. It was later moved to the area of Pittsburgh now known as the Strip District at 12th and Etna.  It was an early producer of ordnance for the United States, and manufactured cannonballs for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's forces in the War of 1812.  It was best known for the manufacture of large cannon.  One of the largest was a 20 inch bore Rodman Gun, a large black powder, smoothbore, muzzle-loading coastal defense gun.

The foundry was closed after the Civil War ended.  It was eventually sold to a rival in 1878.
Yellayapalem
Yellayapalem is located in the Kodavalur sub-district in the Nellore district in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The Indian census reports a population of 8215, with 2060 households.

A river, the Maldevi, runs through the village.

Maldevi River
The Maldevi is a river which runs through the Nellore district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It empties into the Pennar river.

The Vijayanagara Empire built the Anantraj Sagar water storage tank using a 1.37 km long dam on this river.
Pontecurone
Pontecurone (Piedmontese: Poncròu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located on the left bank of the Curone, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Alessandria.

Pontecurone borders the following municipalities: Casalnoceto, Casei Gerola, Castelnuovo Scrivia, Rivanazzano Terme, Tortona, Viguzzolo, and Voghera.

In 1635 it was the site of a battle in which Odoardo Farnese, duke of Parma and Piacenza and allied to the French, defeated the Spanish troops under Caspar Azevedo.

Castelnuovo Scrivia
Castelnuovo Scrivia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Alessandria.
Pena Palace
The Pena Palace (Portuguese: Palácio da Pena) is a Romanticist palace in São Pedro de Penaferrim, in the municipality of Sintra, on the Portuguese Riviera. The castle stands on the top of a hill in the Sintra Mountains above the town of Sintra, and on a clear day it can be easily seen from Lisbon and much of its metropolitan area. It is a national monument and constitutes one of the major expressions of 19th-century Romanticism in the world. The palace is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the Seven Wonders of Portugal. It is also used for state occasions by the President of the Portuguese Republic and other government officials.

Lisbon metropolitan area
The Lisbon metropolitan area (Portuguese: Área metropolitana de Lisboa; abbreviated as AML) is a metropolitan area in Portugal centered on Lisbon, the capital and largest city of the country. The metropolitan area, covering 17 cities in 18 municipalities, is the largest urban area in the country and the 11th largest in the European Union, with a population in 2024 of 3,005,119 in an area of 3,015.24 km².

The Lisbon Metropolitan Area has the largest GDP (€106 billion) of any metropolitan area in Portugal. The region is home to the largest tech hub in the country and a majority of Portugal's major multinational corporations by revenue are based there.
Gordon-Cumming
Gordon-Cumming is the surname of:

Catherine Rose Gordon-Cumming, maiden name of Katie Fforde (born 1952), British novelist

Constance Gordon-Cumming (1837–1924), Scottish travel writer and painter

Eliza Maria Gordon-Cumming (1795–1821), Scottish scientist

Roualeyn George Gordon-Cumming (1820–1866), Scottish traveller and sport hunter

William Gordon-Cumming (disambiguation), one of several people with the name

Katie Fforde
Katie Fforde, née Catherine Rose Gordon-Cumming (born 27 September 1952), is a British romance novelist. Published since 1995, her novels are set in modern-day England.

She is founder of the Katie Fforde Bursary for writers who have yet to secure a publishing contract. She was for many years a committee member of the Romantic Novelists' Association and was elected its twenty-fifth chairman (2009–2011) and later its fourth president. In June 2010 she was announced as a patron of the UK's first National Short Story Week. In 2016, she launched the Stroud Contemporary Fiction Writing Competition as part of the first Stroud Book Festival.
Atlas F.C. Premier
Atlas Fútbol Club Premier was a professional football team that played in the Mexican Football League. They were currently playing in the Liga Premier (Mexico's Third Division). Atlas Fútbol Club Premier were affiliated with Club Atlas who plays in the Liga MX. The games were held in the city of Zapopan in the Estadio Alfredo "Pistache" Torres.

Mexican football league system
The Mexican football league system is organized by the Federación Mexicana de Fútbol (FMF), except for Liga MX  and Liga de Expansión MX, which are organized independently. The league system consist of six professional divisions (four levels for men and two levels for women).

In addition to having other national competitions, the national Super cup named Campeón de Campeones between the champions of the two short tournaments of the season (Apertura and Clausura). The Campeón de Campeones de la Liga de Expansión MX is also contested for the second level division. Until 2020, the Copa MX was the cup tournament for the top and second level divisions. Since 2021, the Copa Conecta is the cup tournament for the third and fourth level divisions.
Simon de Faultrier
Simon de Faultrier (1763–1832) was a French general during the Napoleonic Wars.

Faultrier was born in Metz. Son of an artillery officer, he enlisted very young at the Artillery School of Metz. He became lieutenant in 1781 and captain in 1790. Faultrier fought during the French Revolutionary Wars with the Army of the North, the Army of the Moselle and the Army of Sambre and Meuse. He fought at the Battle of Arlon and the Battle of Fleurus in 1794. Then, Faultrier fought in Germany and Italy, with the rank of colonel. Faultrier was wounded at the Siege of Verona in October 1805. Faultrier took command of the artillery in Bruges. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1802. Faultrier then commanded the artillery at Valence. He received the Legion of Honour, first as knight, then as officer. In 1807, he commanded the artillery in Strasbourg and then went with the French army in Spain. 
General Faultrier left the army in 1812 and died in 1815.

Battle of Fleurus (1794)
The Battle of Fleurus was fought on 26 June 1794 during the War of the First Coalition between the French Revolutionary Army under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and an Austro-Dutch army commanded by Prince Josias of Coburg. In what was the most significant battle of the Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition, Jourdan's army was able to concentrate its forces and defeat Coburg and his troops. The Allied defeat led to the permanent loss of the Austrian Netherlands and to the dissolution of the Dutch Republic. The battle marked a turning point for the French army, which remained ascendant for the rest of the War of the First Coalition.
Ruttan
Ruttan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Edwin Ruttan (1884–1939), Canadian-born painter

Deric Ruttan (born 1972), Canadian country music artist from Bracebridge, Ontario

Henry Norlande Ruttan (1848–1925), Canadian engineer and Canadian Army Officer

Henry Ruttan (1792–1871), businessman, inventor and politician figure in Upper Canada

Jack Ruttan (1889–1973), Canadian amateur ice hockey player and coach

James Farrand Ruttan (1850–1904), real estate agent and politician in Ontario

John Paul Ruttan (born 2001), Canadian child actor, played Joe in the film This Means War

Robert Fulford Ruttan, FRSC (1856–1930), Canadian chemist and university professor

Susan Ruttan (born 1948), American actress

Vernon Wesley Ruttan (1924–2008), development economist at the University of Minnesota

Charles Edwin Ruttan
Charles Edwin Ruttan, known professionally as Charles E. Ruttan, (1884–1939) was a Canadian-born painter. He served in the United States Naval Reserve Force as a pilot lieutenant during World War I. Because of his background with painting aerial combat scenes, Ruttan was put in charge of pictorial records of trans-Atlantic flights for the United States Navy. One of his most well-known works is the World War I poster titled "A Wonderful Opportunity for You".
Porto Municipal Chamber
41°09′00″N 8°36′39″W﻿ / ﻿41.14997°N 8.61070°W﻿ / 41.14997; -8.61070

The Porto Municipal Chamber (Portuguese: Câmara Municipal do Porto) is the administrative authority in the municipality of Porto. It has 7 freguesias in its area of jurisdiction and is based in the city of Porto, on the Porto District. These freguesias are: Aldoar, Foz do Douro e Nevogilde, Bonfim, Campanhã,  Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória, Lordelo do Ouro e Massarelos, Paranhos and Ramalde.

The Porto City Council is the second largest in the country and is made up of 13 councillors, representing different political forces. The first candidate on the list with the most votes in a municipal election or, in the event of a vacancy, the next candidate on the list, takes office as President of the Municipal Chamber.

Campanhã
Campanhã (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐ̃pɐˈɲɐ̃]) is a Portuguese freguesia ("civil parish"), located in the city of Porto. The population in 2011 was 32,659, in an area of 8.04 km². Located there are the Campanhã railway station, the most important main line station in Porto, and the adjacent Campanhã metro station.
Stephen C. Sillett
Stephen C. Sillett (born March 19, 1968) is an American botanist specializing in old growth forest canopies. As the first scientist to enter the redwood forest canopy, he pioneered new methods for climbing, exploring, and studying tall trees. Sillett has climbed many of the world's tallest trees to study the plant and animal life residing in their crowns and is generally recognized as an authority on tall trees, especially redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens).

He is the first Kenneth L. Fisher Chair in Redwood Forest Ecology for the Department of Biological Sciences at Cal Poly Humboldt. He is featured in Richard Preston's New York Times best seller The Wild Trees, as well as in academic journals, general interest magazines, and nature television programs. He lives in Arcata, California, with wife Marie Antoine, a botanist and fellow forest canopy research scientist.

Arcata, California
Arcata (/ɑːrˈkeɪ.tə/; Wiyot: Goudi’ni; Yurok: Oket'oh) is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States. At the 2020 census, Arcata's population was 18,857. Arcata was first founded in 1850 as Union, was officially established in 1858, and was renamed Arcata in 1860. It is located 280 miles (450 km) north of San Francisco (via Highway 101), and is home to California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt. Arcata is also the location of the Arcata Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Land Management, which is responsible for the administration of natural resources, lands and mineral programs, including the Headwaters Forest, on approximately 200,000 acres (810 km2) of public land in Northwestern California.
Little Grand Rapids Airport
Little Grand Rapids Airport (IATA: ZGR, ICAO: CZGR) is the airport serving the First Nations communities of Little Grand Rapids and the nearby Pauingassi First Nation, Manitoba, Canada. These two communities are connected to the more populated southern areas of Manitoba by a winter road which is only operational for about two months per year. During the other 10 months, this airport is the only practical way move passengers and goods in and out of the communities. The lack of roads and small size of aircraft, typically Otters, Grand Caravans or similar, makes it relatively busy compared to the population of roughly 1,500 served by the airport.

This airport in Manitoba is operated by the Manitoba Transportation & Government Services — Northern Airports & Marine Operations.

Its NDB beacon is 280 - 4B.

De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter
The de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter is a single-engined, high-wing, propeller-driven, short take-off and landing (STOL) aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada. It was conceived to be capable of performing the same roles as the earlier and highly successful Beaver, including as a bush plane, while also being a larger aircraft.  The type certificate of the aircraft is now owned by the De Havilland Canada founded in 2019.
4-4-4
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, The 4-4-4 Reading or Jubilee Type represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles.  In the United States, this arrangement was named the Reading type, since the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad was the first to use it.  In Canada, this type is known as the Jubilee.

Other equivalent classifications are:

UIC classification: 2B2 (also known as German classification and Italian classification)

French classification: 222

Turkish classification: 26

Swiss classification: 2/6

Turkish locomotive classification
In the Turkish classification system for railway locomotives, the number of powered axles are followed by the total number of axles. It is identical to the Swiss system except that the latter places a slash between the two numbers.

Thus

0-6-0 becomes 33

4-6-2 becomes 36

2-6-4 becomes 36

2-8-0 becomes 45
Minna Mustonen
Minna Mustonen (born 26 July 1977) is a Finnish footballer who played as a midfielder. Mustonen represented  the Finnish women's national football team 67 times and scored 7 goals. Mustonen was also part of the Finnish team at the 2005 European Championships.

She played for the Boston Renegades in 2000 and 2001.

Finland women's national football team
The Finland women's national football team (Finnish: Suomen naisten jalkapallomaajoukkue, Swedish: Finlands damlandslag i fotboll), also known as nickname The Boreal Owls (Finnish: Helmarit), represents Finland in international women's football.  The team, controlled by the Football Association of Finland (SPL/FBF), reached the semi-finals of the 2005 European Championship, surprising the female football world having drawn with Sweden and beaten Denmark before losing to Germany in the semifinals. Finland hosted the 2009 European Championship.

The Finnish team has had a few players that are considered to be among the best in women's football, such as Laura Österberg Kalmari, Sanna Valkonen and Anne Mäkinen.

As of December 2023, the team is ranked 27th in the FIFA world ranking.
Tower of Babel (1989 video game)
Tower of Babel is a computer game for the Amiga, Atari ST and Acorn Archimedes systems programmed by Pete Cooke, developed by Rainbird Software and released by Microprose Software in 1989. It is a puzzle video game played on a three-dimensional tower-like grid viewed in vector graphics with filled polygons.

Tower
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures.

Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building.
Interurban Trail (King County)
The Interurban Trail are a pair of trails in Washington. The interurban Trail North is a bicycle route running from Downtown Seattle through Shoreline and to the Snohomish County, Washington line. The Interurban Trail South is a rail trail in King and Pierce counties.

Puyallup, Washington
Puyallup (/pjuːˈæləp/ ⓘ pew-AL-əp) is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States. It is on the Puyallup River about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Tacoma and 35 miles (56 km) south of Seattle. The city had a population of 42,973 at the 2020 census.

The city's name comes from the Puyallup tribe of Native Americans and means "the generous people" in Lushootseed. Puyallup is home to the Washington State Fair, the state's largest annual fair. The name of the city is also used in mailing addresses for adjacent unincorporated areas, such as the larger-populated South Hill.
Shibuli
Shibuli is a village in Western Province, Kenya, located 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Kakamega and 20 km (12 mi) east of Mumias. Shibuli has numerous shops, including Blessed Beauty Salon and Ebenezer Kiosk, and is nearby to Esokone Primary and Secondary Schools. The postal code for Shibuli is 50130.

The Water Project has two projects in Shibuli: one protecting a spring, and one for collection and storage of rainwater. Improvements have been made by the government to the 'E' level-road connecting the Shibuli with Bukura to its south.

Western Province (Kenya)
Western Province (Swahili: Magharibi) was one of Kenya's seven administrative provinces outside Nairobi. It is inhabited mainly by the Luhya people. Quakerism is widely practised here. Kenya's second highest mountain, Mount Elgon is located in Bungoma District. The Kakamega Forest rainforest is part of the area. The province capital was Kakamega. After the 2013 general election, and the coming into effect of Kenya's new constitution, provinces became defunct and the country is currently divided into 47 counties. Each county has its own government and therefore there is no central regional capital. Western Province became the Western region, comprising four counties: Kakamega, Bungoma, Vihiga, and Busia.

Kakamega is the seat of government for Kakamega County, Bungoma County has its seat in Bungoma town, Busia County has the Assembly in Busia, Vihiga County in Vihiga Town. All the County governments and governors are answerable to the people not to the national government.
The Cumshots
The Cumshots were a death 'n' roll band from Norway. The band was formed in 1999 by Kristopher Schau and Ole Petter Andreassen. The band released four albums, and were known for their violent live performances where members of the band regularly suffered fractures and lacerations, as seen on the cover of Norwegian Jesus. One concert featured an on-stage sex act between two members of the 'eco-porn' action group Fuck for Forest.

In 2002, the band won an unofficial world-championship in rock for bands which had only released one album in Bilbao, Spain.

Death 'n' roll
Death 'n' roll (portmanteau of death metal and rock 'n' roll) is a subgenre of death metal music that incorporates hard rock-inspired elements. The achieved effect is that of death metal's trademark combination of growled vocals and highly distorted detuned guitar riffing with elements reminiscent of 1970s hard rock and heavy metal. Notable examples include Entombed, Gorefest, Carcass, Xysma, Convulse, Six Feet Under, Pungent Stench and the Fernando Colunga Ultimate Experience.
St. Soldier Law College
St. Soldier Law College was established in Jalandhar in 2004. The college was established by the St. Soldier Educational Society. This Co-Ed College is affiliated to Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar and is approved by the Bar Council of India.

The address of the college is Jalandhar-Amritsar Highway, NH 1.

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Piperoxan
Piperoxan, also known as benodaine, was the first antihistamine to be discovered. This compound, derived from benzodioxan, was prepared in the early 1930s by Daniel Bovet and Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute in France. Formerly investigated by Fourneau as an α-adrenergic-blocking agent, they demonstrated that it also antagonized histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, and published their findings in 1933. Bovet went on to win the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his contribution. One of Bovet and Fourneau's students, Anne-Marie Staub, published the first structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of antihistamines in 1939. Piperoxan and analogues themselves were not clinically useful due to the production of toxic effects in humans and were followed by phenbenzamine (Antergan) in the early 1940s, which was the first antihistamine to be marketed for medical use.

Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.

Many cells have these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The SNS is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by experiences such as exercise or fear-causing situations. This response dilates pupils, increases heart rate, mobilizes energy, and diverts blood flow from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle. These effects together tend to increase physical performance momentarily.
Kastna, Pärnu County
Kastna is a village in Pärnu urban municipality, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia, on the coast of Gulf of Riga. It has a population of 51 (as of 1 January 2011).

Kastna Manor was first mentioned in 1228.

Kastna St. Arsenius Orthodox church was built in 1904.

Gulf of Riga
The Gulf of Riga, also known as the Bay of Riga or the Gulf of Livonia, is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.

The island of Saaremaa (Estonia) partially separates it from the rest of the Baltic Sea. The main connection between the gulf and the Baltic Sea is the Irbe Strait.

The Gulf of Riga, as a sub-basin of the Baltic, also includes the Väinameri Sea in the West Estonian archipelago.