hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lucjan Trela
Lucjan Trela (25 June 1942 – 12 February 2019) was a Polish boxer associated with the Stal Stalowa Wola's boxing section. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he competed against George Foreman in his first Olympic bout.

Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Heavyweight
The Heavyweight class in the boxing competition was the highest weight class.  Heavyweights were limited to those boxers weighing a minimum of 81 kilograms (178.6 lbs). 16 boxers qualified for this category. Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of six rounds each. Five judges scored each bout.
Mary Burt Messer
Mary Burt Messer (1881–1960) was an American activist, social worker, professor, author, and Christian Science practitioner. Messer was an advocate for women's rights and a leader of the Wisconsin chapter of the National Women's Party. As a scholar, she wrote The Family in the Making: A Historical Sketch (1928), a study of family structure from early history to the 20th century. Influenced by the writings of Mary Baker Eddy, Messer's life and work emphasized healing, spiritual idealism, and autonomy for women.

The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist.

Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven Monitor journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens  (1950), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (2002).
Veritiv
Veritiv, a subsidiary of Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, is a business-to-business provider of packaging, publishing, and hygiene products. Headquartered in Sandy Springs, Georgia, part of the Atlanta metropolitan area,it has 125 operating distribution centers throughout the United States and Mexico.

The company is ranked 503rd on the Fortune 500. While Mary Laschinger was the CEO, it was the largest woman-run company in Georgia.

Business-to-business
Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB or B4B) refers to trade and commercial activity where a business sees other businesses as its customer base. This typically occurs when:

A business sources materials for its production process for output (e.g., a food manufacturer purchasing salt), i.e. providing raw material to the other company that will produce output.

A business needs the services of another for operational reasons (e.g., a food manufacturer employing an accountancy firm to audit their finances).

A business re-sells goods and services produced by others (e.g., a retailer buying the end product from the food manufacturer).

Business-to-business activity is thought to allow business segmentation.

B2B is often contrasted with business-to-consumer (B2C) trade, the latter of which typically sells directly to the general public and consumers, rather than other businesses and organisations.
Mark Stoneking
Mark Stoneking (born 1 August 1956) is a geneticist currently working as the Group Leader of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, of Max Planck Gesellschaft at the University of Leipzig, Germany. He is also Honorary Professor of Biological Anthropology. He works in the field of human evolution, especially the genetic evolution, origin and dispersal of modern humans. He, along with his doctoral advisor Allan Wilson and a fellow researcher Rebecca L. Cann, contributed to the "Out of Africa" theory in 1987 by introducing the concept of Mitochondrial Eve, a hypothetical common mother of all living humans based on mitochondrial DNA.

Honorary title (academic)
Honorary titles (professor, president, fellow, lecturer and reader) in academia may be conferred on persons in recognition of contributions by a non-employee or by an employee beyond regular duties. This practice primarily exists in the UK and Germany, as well as in many of the universities and colleges of the United States, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, New Zealand, Japan, Denmark, and Canada.

Examples of such titles are honorary professor, honorary president, honorary fellow, honorary senior research fellow, honorary lecturer, honorary reader, (normally applies to non-teaching staff, who give occasional lectures), visiting fellow (normally applies to students carrying out further studies and research programmes), and industrial fellow.
ANF Les Mureaux 160T
The ANF Les Mureaux 160T was a French touring monoplane aircraft developed in the early 1930s and flown for the first time in October 1932, designed by the ANF Les Mureaux. It was a two-seat high-wing monoplane powered by a 95 hp (71 kW) Renault 4Pb inline engine, it did not enter production.

Despite its advanced design for such a civilian-adjacent aircraft, the Mureaux 160T was not without its issues. Its engines were known to be underpowered, and it was considered to be somewhat slow and difficult to handle in flight. The flight characteristics of the aircraft turned out to be quite good, but its cost failed - there were no buyers for such a "suburban" aircraft. Only one was produced, and as a result, it was gradually phased out of service in the late 1930s, and it was largely replaced by more advanced aircraft.

Flight
Flight or flying is the motion of an object through an atmosphere or through the vacuum of space, in this case also called spaceflight, without contacting any planetary surface. This can be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift associated with gliding or propulsive thrust, aerostatically using buoyancy, or by ballistic movement.

Many things can fly, from animal aviators such as birds, bats and insects, to natural gliders/parachuters such as patagial animals, anemochorous seeds and ballistospores, to human inventions like aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, airships, balloons, etc.) and rockets which may propel spacecraft and spaceplanes.

The engineering aspects of flight are the purview of aerospace engineering. It has three subfields:

aeronautics — the study of vehicles that travel through the atmosphere.

astronautics — the study of vehicles that travel through space.

ballistics — the study of the flight of projectiles.
Twin prime
A twin prime is a prime number that is either 2 less or 2 more than another prime number—for example, either member of the twin prime pair  (17, 19)  or (41, 43). In other words, a twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term twin prime is used for a pair of twin primes; an alternative name for this is prime twin or prime pair.

Twin primes become increasingly rare as one examines larger ranges, in keeping with the general tendency of gaps between adjacent primes to become larger as the numbers themselves get larger.  However, it is unknown whether there are infinitely many twin primes (the so-called twin prime conjecture) or if there is a largest pair. The breakthrough
work of Yitang Zhang in 2013, as well as work by James Maynard, Terence Tao and others, has made substantial progress towards proving that there are infinitely many twin primes, but at present this remains unsolved.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Svitiaz
Svitiaz (Ukrainian: Світязь [ˈs⁽ʲ⁾witʲɐzʲ]; Belarusian: Свіцязь; Polish: Świtaź; Russian: Свитязь) is a freshwater lake located in Ukraine, in the Volyn Oblast. It is the deepest lake in Ukraine. Svityaz has a maximum depth of 58.4 meters and an area of 25.2 km2.

The lake was created through karst processes in the Chalk rocks of the Mesozoic era. The lake is one of the Shatsk Lakes group, which are located in the Shatsk National Natural Park.

The lake is located among the pine forests of Volyn Polissya. The lake is located in a temperate climatic zone with warm summers and cold winters. In summer, the water temperature of the lake warms up to more than 20C, in cold winters the lake freezes.

The water quality in Lake Svityaz is high, the water does not have harmful chemical elements.

Svityaz is a popular place for recreational tourism, especially for children.

Polesia
Polesia, also called Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye, is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the East European Plain, including the Belarus–Ukraine border region and part of eastern Poland. This region should not be confused with parts of Russia also traditionally called "Polesie".
Centre Forestier
Centre Forestier or Centre Forestier de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (meaning The Forestry Training Centre of the Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in English), is a French vocational training centre focused on forestry and related fields in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. It provides education, training, and resources for individuals interested in careers related to forestry, land management, and environmental conservation. The centre is located in La Bastide-des-Jourdans of Vaucluse.

Vaucluse
Vaucluse (French: [voklyz]; Provençal: Vauclusa (Classical norm) or Vau-Cluso (Mistralian norm)) is a department in the southeastern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It had a population of 561,469 as of 2019. The department's prefecture is Avignon.

It is named after a spring, the Fontaine de Vaucluse, one of the largest karst springs in the world. The name Vaucluse itself derives from the Latin Vallis Clausa ("closed valley") as the valley ends in a cliff face from which the spring emanates.
Villabuena de Álava/Eskuernaga
Villabuena de Álava in Spanish or Eskuernaga in Basque is a municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country (Basque Autonomous Community) of northern Spain. It is famous for its production of top quality wines. The village has 48 wineries ranging from small family-owned businesses to larger bulk-production wineries. The centre of the village contains one of the oldest and most decorated churches in the Basque region, the  Nearby is Hotel Viura, a boutique hotel.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Emil Mustafayev
Emil Ramil ohly Mustafayev (Azerbaijani: Emil Ramil oğlu Mustafayev; Ukrainian: Еміль Раміль огли Мустафаєв; born 24 September 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sumgayit FK, on loan from Polissya Zhytomyr. Born in Ukraine, he represents the Azerbaijan national team.

Sumgayit FK
Sumqayıt FK (Azerbaijani: "Sumqayıt" futbol klubu, pronounced [sumɡɑˈjɯt] ⓘ) is an Azerbaijani professional football club based in Sumgait, that plays in the Azerbaijan Premier League, the top tier of football in the country.
New Low (song)
"New Low" is a song written by Zack Lopez and Sean Stockham recorded by Middle Class Rut from their 2008 Extended Play Red and their 2010 album No Name No Color. The song is featured in the NBA 2K12 and WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw soundtrack.

WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw
WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw (also known as Exciting Pro Wrestling 6 in Japan) is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's and published by THQ for the PlayStation 2 in North America on November 2, 2004, Europe on November 12, 2004, and Japan on February 3, 2005. It is the sixth installment of professional wrestling promotion World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)'s video game series, the sequel to 2003's WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain, and the first game to be released under the SmackDown! vs. Raw title. The game series was rebranded after the introduction of the brand extension which divided WWE's roster into two brands, the latter brand in the game's title being named after WWE's weekly Monday Night Raw program.

WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw was succeeded in 2005 by WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw 2006.
Discrete logarithm records
Discrete logarithm records are the best results achieved to date in solving the discrete logarithm problem, which is the problem of finding solutions  to the equation  given elements  and  of a finite cyclic group . The difficulty of this problem is the basis for the security of several cryptographic systems, including Diffie–Hellman key agreement, ElGamal encryption, the ElGamal signature scheme, the Digital Signature Algorithm, and the elliptic curve cryptography analogues of these. Common choices for  used in these algorithms include the multiplicative group of integers modulo , the multiplicative group of a finite field, and the group of points on an elliptic curve over a finite field.

ElGamal signature scheme
The ElGamal signature scheme is a digital signature scheme which is based on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985.

The ElGamal signature algorithm is rarely used in practice. A variant developed at the NSA and known as the Digital Signature Algorithm is much more widely used. There are several other variants. The ElGamal signature scheme must not be confused with ElGamal encryption which was also invented by Taher Elgamal.
Colaspis crinicornis
Colaspis crinicornis is a species of leaf beetle from North America. It primarily occurs in the Great Plains of the United States. It was first described by the American entomologist Charles Frederic August Schaeffer in 1933. Though it has not historically been considered a pest, population densities of the species have been increasing in corn and soybean over the last decade in southeastern Nebraska. A study has found C. crinicornis to be univoltine in the same region, and that it overwinters in soil as larvae. It has also been found that diets of corn or soybean leaves do not affect the consumption, longevity or fecundity of adult C. crinicornis.

Voltinism
Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations that an organism has each year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, in which silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism.

The following adjectives describe organisms:

Univoltine (monovoltine) – having one brood or generation per year

Bivoltine (divoltine) – having two broods or generations per year

Trivoltine – having three broods or generations per year

Multivoltine (polyvoltine) – having more than two broods or generations per year

Semivoltine – with two meanings:

being less than univoltine; having a brood or generation less often than once per year
having a generation time that lasts more than one year.
Mike Claytor
Michael A. Claytor (b. 1952) is an American accountant, attorney, and politician. Claytor was the Democratic candidate for Indiana State Auditor during the 2014 election cycle, losing the race to Republican Suzanne Crouch. Prior to entering the race for Auditor, Claytor, a licensed CPA, worked for 15 years at the Indiana State Board of Accounts, where he served as Deputy Chief Examiner before transitioning to a career in the private sector and becoming a partner at Crowe Horwath LLP. He retired from the private sector in 2012. Claytor worked as treasurer for the gubernatorial campaign of former state representative John Gregg.

Crowe Global
Crowe is a multinational professional services network, headquartered in New York, United States. It is the 8th largest global accounting network in the world by revenue. The Crowe network is composed of member firms of Crowe Global (previously Crowe Horwath International) a Swiss Verein registered in Zurich, Switzerland. The network consists of more than 220 firms with over 40,000 employees in 150 countries and more than 750 offices.

Crowe provides audit, tax, consulting, enterprise risk and financial advisory services. In FY 2024, the network earned a record US$5.8 billion in aggregate revenues.
Robot Chicken season 2
The second season of the stop-motion television series Robot Chicken originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. Season two officially began on April 2, 2006 on Adult Swim, with "Suck It!", and ended with "Book of Corrine" on November 19, 2006, with a total of twenty episodes.

The second season was released on the Season Two: Uncensored DVD on September 4, 2007 in Region 1, September 28, 2009 in Region 2 and November 11, 2007 in Region 4.

Robot Chicken
Robot Chicken is an American adult stop-motion animated sketch comedy television series created by Seth Green and Matthew Senreich for Cartoon Network's nighttime programming block Adult Swim. The twelve-minute show consists of short unrelated sketches usually satirizing pop culture characters or celebrities. Toys are employed as the players, animated via stop motion and supplemented by claymation. The voice cast changes every episode, and features many celebrity cameos. The writers, most prominently Green, also provide many of the voices. Robot Chicken has won two Annie Awards and six Emmy Awards.

Following the eleventh season's conclusion, the series switched formats, moving away from 20-episode full seasons and towards doing quarterly specials, the first of which was released on July 20, 2025.
Toyota N platform
The Toyota N platform is a car platform for executive cars (E-class models) from Toyota, introduced in 2003. It is often called "Mark X platform" and "Crown platform", after its core uses, and, less frequently, "Lexus GS platform".  It is used on a variety of sizes of rear- and all-wheel drive automobiles, ranging from compact to full-sized executive.

In 2018, the N platform was replaced by the Toyota New Global Architecture TNGA-L platform.

Executive car
Executive car is a British term for a large car, and is considered equivalent to the European E-segment and American full-size classifications. Executive cars are larger than compact executive cars (and the non-luxury equivalent mid-size cars), but smaller than luxury saloons / full-size luxury sedans.

The term has also been adopted by Euro NCAP, a European organization founded to test car safety.
Peltier v. Charter Day School
Peltier v. Charter Day School, Inc. is a decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit concerning a North Carolina public charter school's requirement that female students wear skirts. In a 2022 en banc opinion, the court held that the school's dress code violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and that Title IX applies to sex-based school dress codes. The court also held that North Carolina charter schools are state actors for purposes of constitutional claims.

The Supreme Court of the United States later denied certiorari, leaving the Fourth Circuit's decision in place. The case has been discussed in legal scholarship on charter schools, state action doctrine, and Title IX.

State action
In United States constitutional law, state action is an action by a person who is acting on behalf of a governmental body, and is therefore subject to limitations imposed on government by the United States Constitution, including the First, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments, which prohibit the federal and state governments from violating certain rights and freedoms.
Dwari Khola Small Hydropower Station
Dwari Khola Small Hydropower Station (Nepali: द्वारी खोला सानो जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in Naumule, Dailekh District of Nepal. The flow from Dwari River is used to generate 3.75 MW electricity. The gross head is 450.40 m and design flow is 1.58 m3/s. The intake is located 3 km upstream of the confluence of the Dwari Khola and Lohore Khola and the powerhouse 300 meters downstream from the confluence.

The plant is owned and developed by Bhugol Energy Development Company Pvt Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2074-01-23BS. The generation licence will expire in 2106-02-25 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government. The power station is connected to the national grid at Narayan Nagarpalika and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

The construction cost of the project was NPR 74 Crore.

Nepal Electricity Authority
Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), founded on 16 August 1985, is the parent generator, transmittor and retail distributor of electric power under the supervision of the government of Nepal.

NEA has its own power plants. In addition it also buys power from Independent Power Producers (IPP). Most of the power is generated from hydro electricity. It operates two fuel operated plants generating 53 Megawatts.
4-Dimethylallyltryptophan N-methyltransferase
4-dimethylallyltryptophan N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.261, fgaMT (gene), easF (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan N-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4-dimethylallyl-L-tryptophan  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4-dimethylallyl-L-abrine

The enzyme catalyses a step in the pathway leading to biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids in certain fungi.

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is the biosynthetic precursor to homocysteine.  SAH is formed by the demethylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Adenosylhomocysteinase converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine.
Macmillan Education
Macmillan Education is a publishing imprint and business which has been owned by various divisions and companies of the Macmillan publishing group and, more recently, the Springer Nature group which is jointly owned by Holtzbrinck Publishing Group and BC Partners. The company that runs the imprint is based in London and operates in over 120 countries worldwide. As of 2023, Macmillan Education is focused mainly on materials and services for language learning (mostly English) and for teaching international curricula in schools worldwide.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.