hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modular invariant theory
In mathematics, a modular invariant of a group is an invariant of a finite group acting on a vector space of positive characteristic (usually dividing the order of the group).  The study of modular invariants was originated in about 1914 by Dickson (2004).

Order (group theory)
In mathematics, the order of a finite group is the number of its elements. If a group is not finite, one says that its order is infinite. The order of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is the order of the subgroup generated by the element. If the group operation is denoted as a multiplication, the order of an element a of a group, is thus the smallest positive integer m such that am = e, where e denotes the identity element of the group, and am denotes the product of m copies of a. If no such m exists, the order of a is infinite.

The order of a group G is denoted by ord(G) or |G|, and the order of an element a is denoted by ord(a) or |a|, instead of  where the brackets denote the generated group.

Lagrange's theorem states that for any subgroup H of a finite group G, the order of the subgroup divides the order of the group; that is, |H| is a divisor of |G|. In particular, the order |a| of any element is a divisor of |G|.
Abdellatif Maazouz
Abdellatif Maazouz (Arabic: عبد اللطيف معزوز; born 18 August 1954, in Sefrou) is a Moroccan politician of the Istiqlal Party. Between 2007 and 2012 he was Minister of Foreign Trade in the Cabinet of Abbas El Fassi. On 3 January 2012, he was appointed Delegate-Minister for Moroccans Living Abroad in the cabinet of Abdelilah Benkirane, he held this post until 9 July 2013, when his party members quit the government. On 22 September 2021, he was elected as the president of the Council of the Casablanca-Settat region.

Sefrou
Sefrou (Arabic: صفرو) is a city in central Morocco situated in the Fès-Meknès region. It recorded a population of 79,887 in the 2014 Moroccan census, up from 63,872 in the 2004 census.

Sefrou is known for its Jewish heritage, and its annual cherry festival.
Maryann Keller
Maryann Keller was an American automotive industry analyst and author. Keller covered the auto industry as a Wall Street analyst from the 1970s until the 1990s. She was last the principal at Maryann Keller & Associates, an automotive consultancy firm she founded in 2001. She died on June 16, 2022, at the age of 78.

Principal (commercial law)
In commercial law, a principal is a person, legal or natural, who authorizes an agent to act to create one or more legal relationships with a third party. This branch of law is called agency and relies on the common law proposition qui facit per alium, facit per se (from Latin: "he who acts through another, acts personally").

It is a parallel concept to vicarious liability (in which one person is held liable for the acts or omissions of another) in criminal law or torts.
Luís Costa (basketball)
Luís Miguel Fastudo e Costa (born 7 June 1978 in Benguela) is a former Angolan professional basketball player. He played for C.R.D. Libolo at the Angolan major basketball league BIC Basket until 2015. He is a former member of the Angola national basketball team. He is 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) in height and 93 kg (205 pounds) in weight. He represented Angola at the 2006 FIBA World Championship, the FIBA Africa Championship 2007 and the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics was the seventeenth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. It was held from 9 August to 24 August 2008.  Competitions were held at the Wukesong Indoor Stadium in Beijing, China.
South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-197-130
The South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-197-130 is a historic bridge in rural Turner County, South Dakota, carrying 281st Street across the East Fork Vermillion River north of Davis.  Built in 1906, it is the oldest surviving bridge built for the county by the Iowa Bridge Company. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Davis, South Dakota
Davis is a town in Turner County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 54 at the 2020 census.

Davis was founded in 1893, and named for either Edna V. Davis, a local landowner, or J. A. Davis, owner of the town site.
2023 South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship
The 2023 CONMEBOL South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship was the third edition of the South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship (known natively in Spanish and Portuguese as the CONMEBOL Sub-20 Fútbol Playa), an international youth beach soccer tournament for South American men's national teams comprising players under the age of 20. A biennial event, the tournament took place for the first time in four years after being unable to take place in 2021 due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in South America.

The event took place between 6 and 13 August in Iquique, Chile. The championship was organised by CONMEBOL, the governing body for football in South America, in cooperation with the local organisers, the Football Federation of Chile (FFC).

Argentina were the defending champions, but finished in the last position of the tournament. Paraguay won its first title in the championship.

Beach soccer
Beach soccer, also known as beach football, sand football or sand soccer, is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand between two teams of five players each.

Association football has long been played informally on beaches. Beach soccer was introduced in 1992 as an effort to codify rules for the game by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide, a company set up to develop the sport and responsible for the majority of its tournaments. FIFA has held the Beach Soccer World Cup biennially since 2005.

The first international matches were played in 1993 for men and 2009 for women. As of July 2023, there are 193 men's and 64 women's clubs and 101 men's and 23 women's national teams sorted in the Beach Soccer Worldwide Rankings.
Jenny James (orienteer)
Jenny James  is a British orienteer.

She competed at the 1999 World Orienteering Championships in Inverness, where she placed fourth in the relay with the British team.

She won a bronze medal in the relay with the British team at the 2000 European Orienteering Championships in Truskavets, along with Yvette Baker and Heather Monro.

At the 2001 World Orienteering Championships in Tampere, she placed fifth with the British relay team.

She was British Champion in 2001, and Nights Champion in 1997 and 2000.

2001 World Orienteering Championships
The 2001 World Orienteering Championships, the 19th World Orienteering Championships, were held in Tampere, Finland, 26 July – 4 August 2001.

The championships had eight events; sprint (new) for men and women, the classic distance (formerly called individual) for men and women, the short distance for men and women, and relays for men and women.
Saint Bobo
Saint Bobo of Provence (French: Beuvon or Bobon, Italian: Bovo or Bobone; died 986) was a Frankish warrior and pilgrim from Noyers (Noghiers). He is known only from the anonymous biography Vita sancti Bobonis. He built a castle on a hill opposite the Muslim fortress of Fraxinet and led the Christians of Provence to victory in battle with the Muslims in an unknown year. During the battle he had a mystical experience and vowed, if victorious, to renounce war and become a pilgrim devoted to the care of orphans and widows. After the loss of his brother, he went on pilgrimage to Rome and died at Voghera in Lombardy.
Bobo is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. His feast day is May 22 and he is the patron saint of cattle.

Voghera
Voghera (Vogherese dialect of Emilian: Vughera; Latin: Forum Iulii Iriensium) is a town and comune in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy. The population was 39,374 as of 2017. It is the third most populated town in the province, after Pavia and Vigevano. It is located 30 km south-southwest of that city, on the Staffora (a tributary of the Po).

It is the main town of Oltrepò Pavese and is an important rail and road hub as well as a renowned wine producer.
Oleksandr Chernov
Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Chernov (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Чернов; born 13 July 2002) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a right midfielder for Ukrainian club Viktoriya Sumy on loan from Obolon Kyiv.

FC Obolon Kyiv
FC Obolon Kyiv (Ukrainian: Оболонь Київ, pronounced [oboˈǀɔnʲ ˈkɪjiu̯]) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kyiv (Obolonskyi District). Its home colors are green shirts and white shorts; while its away uniforms are white shirts and green shorts. Its main sponsor was the brewery Obolon in 1999–2013. Since 2013, the club is owned by the factory.

The club was reformed in 2013 due to administrative issues and hence the team withdrew from the Professional Football League of Ukraine during the 2012–13 Ukrainian First League season in February 2013. The club restarted from amateur competitions. Between 2013 and 2020, the team was known as Obolon-Brovar Kyiv.
Ypsomed Holding
Ypsomed Holding Inc. (German pronunciation: [ˈʏp.soː.mɛd]) is a Swiss multinational medical technology company headquartered in Burgdorf, Switzerland. Founded in 2003, through the break up of Disetronic Group, founded by Willy Michel. Ypsomed specializes in developing and manufacturing injection and infusion systems for self-medication, primarily in the areas of diabetes care and biotechnology.

Products include devices like insulin pens, auto-injectors, and infusion pumps, which help patients manage chronic conditions more easily and independently. In 2025, Ypsomed employs 2,800+ employees and has an annual turnover of 728.9 million Swiss Francs ($928.3 million). The company is listed on SIX Swiss Exchange.

Willy Michel
Wilhelm "Willy" Michel (born 29 April 1947) is a Swiss business magnate, billionaire and art collector. He is the founder of Ypsomed Selfcare Solutions, a pharmaceutical company that develops self-injection and diagnostic systems. Michel remains the controlling shareholder with a combined 71% of shares. He is the father of Simon Michel, who serves on the National Council (Switzerland). As of 2023, his net worth is estimated at $3.8 billion by Forbes.
Laurentius of Echternach
Laurentius of Echternach, fl. 704–722, was a scribe from Echternach in modern Luxembourg.

Laurentius wrote the Echternach martyrology in minuscule, and charters for the town of Echternach between 704 and 722.

His name may be a Latin rendering of the Irish personal name, Lorcán, so there is a possibility he was Irish

Martyrology
A martyrology is a catalogue or list of martyrs and other saints and beati arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts. Local martyrologies record exclusively the custom of a particular Church. Local lists were enriched by names borrowed from neighbouring churches. Consolidation occurred, by the combination of several local martyrologies, with or without borrowings from literary sources.

This is the now accepted meaning in the Latin Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the nearest equivalent to the martyrology are the Synaxaria and the longer Menaia, both sometimes known as Menologia.

Simple martyrologies only enumerate names. Historical martyrologies, also sometimes called passionaries, also include stories or biographical details.
Sandra Samuel
Sandra Samuel (born c. 1964) is an Indian nanny who gained international recognition for rescuing a two-year-old Jewish boy named Moshe Holtzberg in Mumbai, India, during the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks. Samuel was employed as a caretaker at a Jewish outreach centre known as the Nariman House, which was targeted by Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT). Both of Holtzberg's parents were killed by LeT militants during the attack on the building. Following the incident, Samuel relocated to Israel with Holtzberg and was accorded permanent residency and honorary Israeli citizenship in 2010. Samuel resides in West Jerusalem and works at the local centre of ALEH, an Israeli foundation that provides rehabilitation services for disabled children and adults.

Chabad house
A Chabad house is a center for disseminating Hasidic Judaism by the Chabad movement. Chabad houses are run by a Chabad shaliach (emissary) and shalucha (fem. for "emissary"); the two are often married. They are located in cities and on or near college campuses.
HMS Thisbe
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Thisbe, after Thisbe, a character in Greek mythology:

HMS Thisbe (1783) was a 28-gun Enterprise-class sixth-rate frigate launched in 1783 and sold in 1815.

HMS Thisbe (1824) was a 46-gun fifth rate launched in 1824, lent as a church ship in 1863, and sold in 1892.

HMS Thisbe (1917) was an R-class destroyer launched in 1917, and handed over for breaking up in part-payment for RMS Majestic in 1936.

HMS Thisbe (J302) was an Algerine-class minesweeper launched in 1943 and scrapped in 1957.

HMS Thisbe (1824)
HMS Thisbe was a 46-gun modified Leda-class fifth-rate frigate built for the Royal Navy during the 1820s. The ship was never commissioned and spent her entire career in reserve or on third-line duties. She was converted into a depot ship in 1850 and then into a floating church in 1863. Thisbe was replaced by a shore-based establishment, All Souls Chapel, in 1891 and sold for scrap the following year.
Line 2 (Guangzhou Huangpu Tram)
Guangzhou Huangpu Tram Line 2 (Chinese: 广州黄埔有轨电车2号线) is a tram line serving the Huangpu District of Guangzhou, operated by Guangzhou Trams. On 20 March 2023, the northern section of the Guangzhou Huangpu Tram Line 2 project (Xiangxue Subway Station - Kaiyuan Avenue East Station) was put into trial operation. On 20 June 2025, the northern section officially opened for passenger service.. It is 14.38 km (8.9 mi) in length with 20 stations, of which currently 8 stations spanning 4.9 km (3.0 mi) are operational.

Huangpu, Guangzhou
Huangpu, alternately romanized as Whampoa, is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China. Despite its name, it does not include Huangpu Island (now Pazhou) or its famous anchorage. Huangpu absorbed Guangzhou's former Luogang District in 2014. The district has been awarded the status of "Happiest District of China" in 2020.
Ming An Holdings
Ming An (Holdings) Company Limited was a listed holding company of Hong Kong. Through subsidiaries, It provides general insurance in Hong Kong and in mainland China. It provides motor insurance, property insurance, employee compensation, marine insurance, accident insurance and health insurance.

Accident insurance
Accident insurance is a type of insurance where the policy holder is paid directly in the event of an accident resulting in injury of the insured. The insured can spend the benefit payment however they choose. Accident insurance is complementary to, not a replacement for, health insurance.
Free Spirit World Tour
The Free Spirit World Tour is the fourth headlining concert tour by American singer Khalid, in support of his second studio album, Free Spirit (2019). It began on June 20, 2019 in Glendale at Gila River Arena.

Free Spirit (Khalid album)
Free Spirit is the second studio album by American singer Khalid, released on April 5, 2019, through RCA Records. It is a follow-up to his 2017 and 2018 releases  American Teen  (2017) and  Suncity  (2018). and includes the single "Talk". Khalid also announced a short film directed by Emil Nava to accompany the album, which was released on April 3. The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 and received mixed reviews from music critics.
Cirsium repandum
Cirsium repandum is a North American species of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. Common names include sand-hill thistle and coastal-plain thistle. The species is native to the south-eastern United States, the coastal plain in Virginia, Georgia, and the Carolinas.

Cirsium repandum is a biennial or perennial herb up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall. Leaves have small, narrow spines along the edges. Flower heads are sometimes produced one at a time, sometimes in small groups, each head with light purple disc florets but no ray florets. The species grows in sandy soils on sand hills or in pine barrens.

Pine barrens
Pine barrens, pine plains, sand plains, or pineland areas occur throughout the  U.S. from Florida to Maine (see Atlantic coastal pine barrens) as well as the Midwest, West, and Canada and parts of Eurasia. Perhaps the most well known pine-barrens area to North Americans is the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Pine barrens are generally pine forests in otherwise "barren" and agriculturally challenging areas.  Such pine forests often occur on dry, acidic, infertile soils, and also include grasses, forbs, and low shrubs. The most extensive pine barrens occur in large areas of sandy glacial deposits (including outwash plains), lakebeds, and outwash terraces along rivers.
Maryland Route 335
Maryland Route 335 (MD 335) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  The state highway runs 16.36 miles (26.33 km) from the upper end of Hooper's Island north to MD 16 in Church Creek.  MD 335 provides access to several communities along the Honga River in southern Dorchester County.  The state highway also passes through Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge.  MD 335 was designated as one of the original state roads, but only the portion of the highway from Crossroads to the Blackwater River was completed by the early 1920s.  The highway was constructed from Crossroads to Golden Hill in the mid-1920s, from Crossroads to Church Creek in the late 1920s, and from Golden Hill to Hooper's Island with the completion of a modern bridge over Fishing Creek in 1934.

Blackwater River (Maryland)
The Blackwater River is a 25.8-mile-long (41.5 km) saltwater river in Dorchester County, Maryland. It has many twists and bends and flows through Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge. It runs through Robbins, where there is a boat ramp called Shorter's Wharf and a bridge.

The river does not rise anywhere because the water is sea level from its mouth at Fishing Bay to its landward end at a large unnamed swamp in the Blackwater Refuge.  The river can have freshwater species in spring and summer like catfish or bass. The river also has saltwater perch and other saltwater fish that prefer upper parts of rivers. In the winter the river is used for waterfowl hunting.
Philip Jenkins
Philip Jenkins (born April 3, 1952) is an American professor of history at Baylor University in the United States, and co-director for Baylor's Program on Historical Studies of Religion in the Institute for Studies of Religion. He is also the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities Emeritus at Pennsylvania State University (PSU). He was professor (from 1993) and a distinguished professor (from 1997) of history and religious studies at the same institution; and also assistant, associate and then full professor of criminal justice and American studies at PSU, 1980–93.

Jenkins is a contributing editor for The American Conservative and writes a monthly column for The Christian Century. He has also written articles for Christianity Today, First Things, and The Atlantic.

The American Conservative
The American Conservative (TAC) is a bimonthly magazine published by the American Ideas Institute. The magazine was founded in 2002 by Pat Buchanan, Scott McConnell and Taki Theodoracopulos to advance an anti-neoconservative perspective. It has been noted as the only conservative publication in the early 2000s to oppose the Iraq War, publishing a string of articles Ralph Nader described as "the most devastating critiques of the neocons' lust for unlawful wars" of the era. It was later credited with putting J.D. Vance's Hillbilly Elegy "on the map" in a 2016 interview with Vance.

According to the publication, it exists to promote a form of conservatism that opposes unchecked power in government and business, supports "vibrant markets and free people", and embraces "realism and restraint" in foreign policy.
Rancho Jesús María
Rancho Jesus Maria was a 42,185-acre (170.72 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day northern Santa Barbara County, California, given in 1837 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Lucas Antonio Olivera and José Antonio Olivera.  The grant extended along the Pacific coast from Shuman Canyon south to the Santa Ynez River. It is the site of the present day Vandenberg Air Force Base.

Santa Ynez River
The Santa Ynez River is one of the largest rivers on the Central Coast of California. It is 92 miles (148 km) long, flowing from east to west through the Santa Ynez Valley, reaching the Pacific Ocean at Surf, near Vandenberg Space Force Base and the city of Lompoc.

The river drains the north slope of the Santa Ynez Mountains, the south slope of the San Rafael Mountains, as well as much of the southern half of Santa Barbara County. Its drainage basin is 896 square miles (2,320 km2) in area. The river's flow is highly variable. It usually dries up almost completely in the summer, but can become a raging torrent in the winter. The river has three dams which can impound a total of 210,000 acre-feet (260,000,000 m3) of water in wet years.
King Lan Chew
King Lan Chew (November 4, 1901 – February 2, 1988), also known as Qionglan Chew or Caroline B. Chew, and later as Caroline Chew Ruttle, was an American dancer. She was billed as "the only Chinese concert dancer in America" in the 1930s, when she toured North America on the chautauqua circuit.

Chautauqua
Chautauqua (/ʃəˈtɔːkwə/ shə-TAW-kwə) is an adult education and social movement in the United States that peaked in popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Chautauqua assemblies expanded and spread throughout rural United States until the mid-1920s. The Chautauqua brought entertainment and culture for the whole community, with speakers, teachers, musicians, showmen, preachers, and specialists of the day. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is often misquoted as saying that Chautauqua is "the most American thing in America". What he actually said was: "it is a source of positive strength and refreshment of mind and body to come to meet a typical American gathering like this—a gathering that is typically American in that it is typical of America at its best." Several Chautauqua assemblies continue to gather to this day, including the original Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York.
Little Salkeld rail accident
The Little Salkeld rail accident occurred on 19 January 1918 in Long Meg cutting, between Little Salkeld and Lazonby railway stations (about 15 miles (24 km) south of Carlisle on the Settle-Carlisle Line).

As the 11 carriage 08:50 London St Pancras to Glasgow St Enoch express approached the cutting, a heavy landslip caused by a sudden thaw blocked both tracks ahead of the train. Just five minutes earlier a platelayer had walked past the spot and seen nothing amiss.  The engine, a Midland Railway 1000 Class No. 1010, ploughed into the mass of clay at a speed of 50–60 mph (80–100 km/h), telescoping the front two carriages.

6 passengers were killed immediately and another fatally injured, whilst 37 passengers and 9 railway staff received non-fatal injuries. The more seriously injured were taken either to the Cumberland Infirmary or Fusehill Military Hospital, both in Carlisle.

Telescoping (rail cars)
In a railway accident, telescoping occurs when the underframe of one vehicle overrides that of another, and smashes through the second vehicle's body. The term is derived from the resulting appearance of the two vehicle bodies: the body of one vehicle may appear to be slid inside the other like the tubes of a collapsible telescope – the body sides, roof and underframe of the latter vehicle being forced apart from each other.