hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
14th Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare)
The 14th Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare) is a part of the British Army's Royal Corps of Signals. The regiment's role is to provide electronic warfare (EW) capability in support of deployed Land Commanders, in order to enable operations in the electronic battlespace. It is the only British Army regiment capable of conducting sustainable electronic warfare in support of national operations worldwide. The regiment is currently based at Cawdor Barracks, on the site of the former RAF Brawdy, near Haverfordwest, in South Wales.

Electronic warfare
Electromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare can be applied from air, sea, land, or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets.
Old Moster Church
Old Moster Church (Norwegian: Moster gamle kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bømlo Municipality in Vestland county, Norway, and it is one of the oldest churches in all of Norway. It is located in the village of Mosterhamn on the island of Moster. It used to be the main church for the Moster parish which is part of the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white stone church was built in a long church design in the 12th century using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 80 people.

Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin (Norwegian: Bjørgvin bispedømme) is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral city is Bergen, Norway's second largest city. Bergen Cathedral, formerly the Church of Saint Olaf, serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The Bishop since 2023 has been Ragnhild Jepsen.
Microfluidics in chemical biology
Microfluidics in chemical biology is the application of microfluidics in the study of chemical biology.

Due to its physical dimensions, microfluidics both provides a unique platform to utilize chemical biology tools and serves as a chemical biology tool in itself. Defined as the manipulation of fluids through micron sized channels,  the field of microfluidics has been studied extensively over the past twenty years, and much is known about how fluids behave at this scale. As such, this knowledge can, and has been used to manipulate biological samples in ways that cannot be achieved using standard bulk methods.

Chemical biology
Chemical biology is a scientific field at the interface of chemistry and biology that applies chemical methods to the study of biological systems. It involves the use of chemical techniques, analytical approaches, and often small molecules produced through synthetic chemistry to probe, characterize, and manipulate biological processes and systems at the molecular level.

Although it overlaps with biochemistry, which focuses on the chemistry of biomolecules and the regulation of biochemical pathways within and between cells, chemical biology is distinguished by its emphasis on the deliberate design and application of chemical tools to address biological questions.
Without a Trace
Without a Trace is an American police procedural drama television series created by Hank Steinberg that aired on CBS from September 26, 2002, to May 19, 2009, with the total of seven seasons and 160 episodes. The series focuses the cases of a Missing Persons Unit (MPU) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in New York City. It starred Anthony LaPaglia, Poppy Montgomery, Marianne Jean-Baptiste, Enrique Murciano, Eric Close, and Roselyn Sánchez.

At the time of its original broadcast, Without a Trace was one of CBS' most successful series, earning high television ratings and winning a Primetime Emmy Award. On May 19, 2009, CBS announced the cancellation of the series after seven seasons.

William Petersen
William Louis Petersen (born February 21, 1953) is an American retired actor. He is best known for his role as Gil Grissom in the CBS drama thriller series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2000–2015), for which he won a Screen Actors Guild Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award; he was further nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards as a producer of the show. He reprised his role as Gil Grissom in the sequel CSI: Vegas, which premiered on October 6, 2021.

He also starred in the films To Live and Die in L.A. (1985), Manhunter (1986), Young Guns II (1990), Fear (1996), The Contender (2000), Detachment (2011), and Seeking a Friend for the End of the World (2012).
2003 Imam Ali Shrine bombing
The Imam Ali mosque bombing was the detonation of two car bombs outside the Shia Imam Ali Shrine in Najaf on 29 August 2003. The attack killed 95 people crowded around the mosque for Friday prayers, including Ayatollah Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, spiritual leader of the Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq.

The attack was devastating for the Shia community in Iraq, because such a revered cleric was killed as well as over 90 other people. The bombing was the deadliest attack in Iraq in 2003.

In response to the attack, thousands of Shia mourners marched in the streets of cities and towns across Iraq. The mourners, many of whom blamed Saddam Hussein's loyalists for the attack, held anti-Ba'athist protests.

Saddam himself released a taped audio message in which he denied having any involvement.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
Bergsma
Bergsma is a toponymic surname of West Frisian origin. People with the name include:

Alaina Bergsma (b. 1990), American volleyball player

Bert Bergsma (b. 1955), Netherlands Olympic swimmer

Deanne Bergsma (b. 1941), South African ballerina

Han Bergsma (b. 1961), Dutch Olympic sailor

Heather Bergsma née Richardson (b. 1989), American speed skater

Jacob Hendrik Bergsma (1838–1915), Dutch Minister of Colonial Affairs 1894–97

John Bergsma (b. 1971), American Catholic theologian

Jorrit Bergsma (b. 1986), Dutch speed skater

Léon Bergsma (b. 1997), Dutch football player

Stuart Bergsma (1900–1986), American medical missionary

Titia Bergsma (1786–1821), First Dutch (and Western) woman in Japan in 1817

William Bergsma (1921–1994), American composer

Alaina Bergsma
Alaina Bergsma (born March 30, 1990) is an American former volleyball player. She is 6 feet 3 inches (1.90 m) tall and played the position of hitter. She was on the United States women's national volleyball team.
The Forbidden Door
The Forbidden Door (Indonesian: Pintu Terlarang) is a 2009 Indonesian psychological thriller film written and directed by Joko Anwar based on Sekar Ayu Asmara's novel of the same name. Despite disappointing box office receipts in Indonesia, the film won rave reviews internationally, with The Hollywood Reporter calling it a film that "would make [Alfred] Hitchcock and [Pedro] Almodóvar proud."

International Film Festival Rotterdam
International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) is an annual film festival held at the end of January in various locations in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, focused on independent and experimental films. The inaugural festival took place in June 1972, led by founder Huub Bals. IFFR also hosts CineMart and BoostNL for film producers to seek funding.
Scores (strip club)
Scores is a strip club in New York City. During its early years, it was known for its celebrity clientele, which included Howard Stern, Russell Crowe and Jason Giambi. At its peak, it operated in two locations in Manhattan and licensed its name to strip clubs in five other cities. The club has been beset by legal problems over the years, which have included ties to organized crime, tax evasion by its top executives, and club-sanctioned prostitution.

Jason Giambi
Jason Gilbert Giambi (/dʒiˈɑːmbi/; born January 8, 1971) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter. In his Major League Baseball (MLB) career, which began in 1995, Giambi played for the Oakland Athletics, New York Yankees, Colorado Rockies, and Cleveland Indians. He is the older brother of the late MLB player Jeremy Giambi.

Giambi was the American League (AL) MVP in 2000 while with the Athletics, and is a five-time All-Star, who led the AL in walks four times; in on-base percentage three times; and in doubles and slugging percentage once each; he also won the Silver Slugger Award twice. Giambi has publicly apologized for using performance-enhancing drugs during his career.
St. Elizabeth's Indian School
St. Elizabeth's Boarding School for Indian Children, also known as St. Elizabeth's Mission School, was an American Indian residential school located in the Wakpala area of the Standing Rock Reservation in South Dakota. It was established in 1886 and remained in operation until 1967. The school was co-educational and affiliated with the Episcopal Church. Students ranged in age from six to 17 years of age, and there were typically 45-60 students boarding at any one time.

This school was one of many operated as part of a national effort to assimilate Native Americans into the dominant Anglo-American culture.

Wakpala, South Dakota
Wakpala is an unincorporated community in Corson County, South Dakota, United States, on the west side of the Missouri River, north-northwest of Mobridge. Wakpala is within the boundaries of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation, and its name loosely translates to "creek" in the Lakota language, with Oak Creek running south on its eastern edge.

Chief Gall (Piji, Phizí) is buried at Saint Elizabeth Episcopal Cemetery here and Chief Sitting Bull (Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake) is possibly buried under a concrete bust bearing his name a few miles south of town in the Mobridge area. Sitting Bull was originally buried at Fort Yates, North Dakota, but an effort was made to exhume his bones and rebury him at the present site.

The annual Wakpala Wacipi (dance or powwow) is held on the last weekend in August.
2002 Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election
The Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Texas. The Incumbent, Bill Ratliff did not run for re-election. The Republican, Incumbent Land Commissioner; David Dewhurst was elected against former Democratic Comptroller; John Sharp. Dewhurst became the third Republican to be elected as lieutenant governor.

John Sharp (Texas politician)
John Spencer Sharp (born July 28, 1950) is an American Democratic politician from Texas, who served from 2011 to 2025 as the chancellor of the Texas A&M University System. From 1991 to 1999, he was the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. From 1979 to 1987, he was a member of both houses of the Texas State Legislature. From 1987 to 1991, he was a commissioner of the Railroad Commission of Texas. In 1998 and 2002, he was the Democratic Party's nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Texas.

Sharp is also a principal in the Austin office of the Dallas-based Ryan & Company, a tax consulting firm. In 2005, he was appointed as chairman of the Texas Tax Reform Commission. He was appointed by Rick Perry and the Texas A&M University System Board of Regents as the 14th Chancellor of the Texas A&M University System in 2011, serving until his retirement in 2025.
Sorvino
Sorvino is a surname derived from the Latin word "sorbum" meaning "tree" or fruit". Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Sorvino, American stage and screen actor

Michael Sorvino (born 1977), American actor and producer

Mira Sorvino (born 1967), American actress

Paul Sorvino (1939–2022), American actor, opera singer, businessman, writer, and sculptor

Mira Sorvino
Mira Katherine Sorvino (/ˈmiːrə sɔːrˈviːnoʊ/; born (1967-09-28)September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She rose to stardom with her performance as a prostitute in the comedy film Mighty Aphrodite (1995), which won her both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress.

Sorvino also starred in the films Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997), Mimic (1997), Lulu on the Bridge (1998), The Replacement Killers (1998), Summer of Sam (1999), Gods and Generals (2003), Like Dandelion Dust (2009), and Sound of Freedom (2023). For her work in television, she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her portrayal of Marilyn Monroe in Norma Jean & Marilyn (1996) and nominated twice for a Golden Globe for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for her performance as Detective Kate Morozov and for her leading role in Human Trafficking (2005).
House of Spirits (TV series)
House of Spirits (Chinese: 一屋老友記; Cantonese Yale: Yātngūk Lóuhyáuhgei; literally "A House of Old Friends") is a 2016 Hong Kong television comedy, family, supernatural drama produced by Dave Fong for TVB, starring Bobby Au-yeung, Nancy Wu, Helena Law and Bowie Wu as the main cast. It premiered on Hong Kong's TVB Jade and Malaysia's Astro On Demand on June 27, 2016 airing Monday through Sunday during its 9:30-10:30 pm timeslot and concluding July 31, 2016 with a total of 31 episodes.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Viktor Shnirelman
Viktor Aleksandrovich Shnirelman (Russian: Виктор Александрович Шнирельман, born 18 May 1949, Moscow) is a Russian historian, ethnologist and a member of Academia Europaea (since 1998). He is a senior researcher of N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology at the Russian Academy of Sciences and an author of over 300 works, including over 20 monographies on archaeology. Shnirelman's main fields include the ideologies of nationalism in Russia and CIS, ethnocentrism and irredentism.

Shnirelman graduated from historical faculty at Moscow State University in 1971 and in 1977 upheld a thesis in the Ethnography Institute of Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1990, he defended a thesis in Ethnology and Anthropology Institute.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Juissi
Juissi is a brand of juices and energy drinks belonging to the Finnish company Marli.

Flavors of Juissi include pineapple-orange, strawberry, lemon-lime, mixed (apple, green grape and raspberry), fruit (grapefruit, pineapple, passion fruit, pear and apple), pear, blueberry-raspberry, Red Energy and Green Energy. All of them are sold in one-liter cartons except for mixed flavor, which can also be found in two-liter cartons, and Red and Green Energy, which are sold in 0.75-liter cartons.

Juice
Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources like meat or seafood, such as clam juice. Juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, such as smoothies. Juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). The largest fruit juice consumers are New Zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and Colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). Fruit juice consumption on average increases with a country's income level.
HMS Sirius (1797)
HMS Sirius was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. Between 1797 and 1805, the Sirius was engaged in maintaining the blockade of Napoleonic Europe. She was lost in 1810 when her crew scuttled her after she grounded during the Battle of Grand Port.

Hired armed vessels
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Royal Navy made use of a large number of hired armed vessels. These were generally smaller vessels, often cutters and luggers, that the Royal Navy used for duties ranging from carrying despatches and passengers to convoy escort, particularly in British coastal waters, and reconnaissance.
Jacob Pesman
Major General Jacob Jan Pesman (4 January 1888 – 2 January 1950) was a Dutch military officer during the Second World War. He was a commander in the KNIL colonial forces of the Dutch East Indies, and was the commander of one of its units during the Japanese invasion of Java.

Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (Dutch: Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger; KNIL, pronounced [knɪl]; Indonesian: Tentara Kerajaan Hindia Belanda) was the military force maintained by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in its colony of the Dutch East Indies, in areas that are now part of Indonesia. The KNIL's air arm was the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. Elements of the Royal Netherlands Navy and  Government Navy were also stationed in the Netherlands East Indies.
Inge Steensland
Inge Steensland (26 November 1923 – 18 September 2010) was a Norwegian resistance leader and shipping magnate. As a member of Kompani Linge, he participated in several commando raids during the German occupation of Norway, and was also part of the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944. For his efforts during the war, he was awarded the Norwegian War Cross with Sword, the highest ranking Norwegian gallantry decoration. After the war he made a fortune through his share in the shipping company Solvang, as well as real estate investments. In 2004, he received The King's Medal of Merit in silver, for his civilian work after the war. He also received the Norwegian War Medal, Defence Medal 1940–1945 and the British Distinguished Service Cross.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Baseball was featured at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in Tokyo, for the first time since the 2008 Summer Olympics. Six national teams competed in the tournament: Israel, Japan (host), Mexico, South Korea, the United States, and the Dominican Republic.

Baseball/softball was one of five optional sports that were added to the programme of the 2020 Summer Olympics. It did not return in 2024 for the Paris Summer Olympics. The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in 2020, but on 24 March 2020, the Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the games were played behind closed doors.

The medals for the competition were presented by Mr. Yasuhiro Yamashita, IOC Member and Olympic Champion from Japan, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Riccardo Fraccari, WBSC President; Italy

Behind closed doors (sport)
The term "behind closed doors" is used in several sports to describe matches played where spectators are not allowed in the stadium or venue to watch. A match played in this manner is also referred to as a crowdless game. Because ticket sales generally constitute a substantial proportion of total revenues in most professional sports as well as in certain elite competitions of many amateur sports, it is rare for such games to be off limits to paying members of the general public. When such instances do occur, it is usually for reasons outside the participating teams' control. These may include as a punishment or remedy for a participating team, stadium safety problems, preventing potentially dangerous clashes between rival supporters, wider safety concerns like a riot or other civil disturbances, or public health concerns like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bartell (album)
Bartell is a compilation album by American electronic band The Moog Cookbook, released in 2005. It consists of material previously released as single b-sides and on EPs, soundtracks and compilation albums, as well as previously unreleased material.

The album marks the first commercial release of the band's cover of Foo Fighters' "Big Me," which had been featured in the music video for "Monkey Wrench."

Big Me
"Big Me" is the fourth single by Foo Fighters from their self-titled debut album (1995). Released in March 1996, the song became a crossover hit for the band on pop radio, when it reached No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay.
Brandon Stephens (American football, born 1987)
Brandon Stephens (born December 14, 1987) is an American former professional football cornerback. He played college football at Miami University. He was a member of the Cleveland Gladiators, Baltimore Brigade, Albany Empire, and Columbus Destroyers.

Cleveland Gladiators
The Cleveland Gladiators were an arena football team based in Cleveland, Ohio, and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The Gladiators played their home games at Quicken Loans Arena, which they shared with the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. The franchise was originally based in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and then later in Las Vegas, Nevada, before relocating to Cleveland for the 2008 AFL season. The Gladiators qualified for the playoffs eight times in their history, reaching the ArenaBowl in 2014.

The Gladiators announced that they would not play the 2018 and 2019 seasons due to renovations on Quicken Loans Arena that required it to close during the NBA offseason and were granted a two-season hiatus. Before the team could return in 2020, the league filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations.