hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul van den Bos
Paul van den Bos (born 1940) is a Dutch cinematographer.

After studying at the Instituut voor Kunstnijverheidsonderwijs in Amsterdam, he joined the studio of Ed van der Elsken. His credits as principal cinematographer include Hans: het leven voor de dood, Dagboek van een Oude Dwaas, and The Other End of the Tunnel, while he was assistant cinematographer for Soldier of Orange in 1977. He worked on many programs for the VPRO broadcasting organization and was the cameraman (often credited as Paul Pos) for the popular Van Kooten en De Bie television program for 28 years. He also worked extensively on documentaries.

He won the Newport Beach Film Festival Jury Award Best Cinematography for Nynke in 2002 and a Gouden Kalf nomination for Hollands licht.

Van Kooten en De Bie
Van Kooten en De Bie were a Dutch comedy duo formed by Kees van Kooten and Wim de Bie. They started performing together in 1963. They started off as radio comedians, but gained more prominence from 1966 on by working for television. In 1974 they began a weekly TV sketch show on Sunday evenings, "Het Simplisties Verbond", broadcast on VPRO, which continued for three decades under various titles, while remaining the same concept, until finally coming to a close in 1998. Despite the varying titles of their TV show the general audience always referred to them as Van Kooten en De Bie.

In the Dutch-speaking world Van Kooten en De Bie enjoy both a high popularity and critical acclaim for their satirical portrayal of society, with numerous classic sketches and comedy characters. They also created many musical singles, audio plays, calendars and books.
Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu
Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu (born 18 December 1987) is an Indian politician who is serving as the 33rd Minister of Civil Aviation since June 2024. He represents the Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency and has been elected in the 16th, 17th, and 18th Lok Sabha. He first won the seat in the 2014 Indian general election and was re-elected in 2019 and 2024 as a candidate of the Telugu Desam Party. He serves as the National General Secretary of the TDP and as the party's leader in the Lok Sabha.

Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation (Naagar Vimaan Mantraalay) in India is the nodal ministry responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for the development and regulation of civil aviation. It devises and implements schemes for the orderly growth and expansion of civil air transport in the country. The mandate of this ministry also extend to overseeing airport facilities, air traffic services and carriage of passengers and goods by air. The ministry also administers the implementation of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, Aircraft Rules, 1937 and is administratively responsible for the Commission of Railway Safety.
Abbabis
Abbabis is a disused railway station southwest of Karibib in the Erongo Region of western Namibia on the 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) dismantled narrow gauge Swakopmund–Windhoek railway line established in 1900. When this line was converted to 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) from 1910 onwards, it lo longer passed Abbabis.

The etymology of the station is not clear: Either it is from the Khoikhoi language for 'red spot', or from Nama language abas for 'gourd', as in the case of a farm approximately 300 km (200 miles) further south.

Near to the station was a German convalescent home (Genesungsheim), in which the soldiers of the imperial protection force (Schutztruppen) could recover. A ruin of its office building is still visible on a paddock. The soldiers camped in tents and barracks. The rails have long been lifted. The station building has been extended at its front and rear. It is now used as a private residence. The water supply is still from the old well.

Erongo Region
Erongo is one of the 14 regions of Namibia. The capital is Swakopmund. It is named after Mount Erongo, a well-known landmark in Namibia and in this area. Erongo contains the municipalities of Walvis Bay, Swakopmund, Henties Bay and Omaruru, as well as the towns Arandis, Karibib and Usakos. All the main centres within this region are connected by paved roads.

The Erongo Region had a population of 150,809 in 2011. As of 2020, it had 119,784 registered voters.

In the west, Erongo has a shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean.  On land, it borders the following regions:

Kunene - north

Otjozondjupa - northeast

Khomas - southeast

Hardap - south
Kevan
Kevan is a given name, a variant of the name Kevin (Caoimheán or Caomhán , an Irish diminutive form of Caoimhín; also anglicized Keevan or Cavan). The feminine variant   is Caoimhe (anglicised as Keeva or Kweeva).

Kevan is also an Irish surname, an anglicization of  Ó Géibheannaigh (also rendered Keaveney) or Caomhánach.

Caoimhe
Caoimhe (/ˈk(w)iːvə/ K(W)EE-və, Irish: [ˈkiːvʲə]), sometimes anglicised as Keeva, is an Irish feminine given name derived from Irish caomh (Old Irish cóem) 'dear; precious, beloved; belonging to the family'. It is derived from the same root as the masculine name  Caoimhín (Kevin). It has been well-used in English-speaking countries and particularly in Ireland. As of 2014, it was ranked 19th most popular name among female births in Ireland.

Notable people with the name include:

Caoimhe Archibald (born 1981), Irish politician

Caoimhe Barry, Irish musician

Caoimhe Bray (born 2009), Australian cricketer

Caoimhe Butterly (born 1977 or 1978), Irish human rights activist

Caoimhe Guilfoyle, contestant in the 2010 series of Big Brother UK

Caoimhe Mitchell (born 2009), Wrestler, Team Illinois, 2x Conference Champion

Caoimhe Perdue (born 2000), Irish hockey player

Keeva Fennelly (born 1987), Irish camogie player

Keeva Keenan (born 1997), Irish footballer
Grant Fire
The Grant Fire was a wildfire that burned east of the city of Sacramento near the rural community of Sloughhouse in Sacramento County, California in the United States. It was reported on the afternoon of Friday, June 12, near Grant Line Road the fire quickly grew to the size of 5,042 acres (2,040 ha) as it burned predominantly in light flashy fuels and grasslands as it was fanned by heavy winds in the area. There were no reports of injuries and only one structure was damaged in the fire. However, during the fires peak there were mandatory evacuations ordered near and around Glory Lane and Prairie City OHV Park.

Sacramento County, California
Sacramento County (/ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ/ ⓘ) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,585,055. Its county seat is Sacramento, which has been the state capital of California since 1854.

Sacramento County is the central county of the Greater Sacramento metropolitan area. The county covers about 1,026 square miles (2,660 km2) in the northern portion of the Central Valley, on into Gold Country. Sacramento County extends from the low delta lands between the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River, including Suisun Bay, north to about ten miles (16 km) beyond the State Capitol and east into the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The southernmost portion of Sacramento County has direct access to San Francisco Bay. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained Sacramento County's water security.
Raso wall gecko
The Raso wall gecko (Tarentola raziana) is a species of geckos in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to Cape Verde, where it occurs on the island of Santa Luzia and the islets of Branco and Raso. The species was named by Hans Hermann Schleich in 1984. The specific name raziana refers to the islet Raso where it is found.

Ilhéu Branco
Ilhéu Branco (Portuguese for "white islet") is an uninhabited 278-hectare (690-acre) islet in the Barlavento group of the Cape Verde archipelago off the coast of north-west Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. Ilhéu Branco is flanked by the islands of Santa Luzia to the north-west and Ilhéu Raso to the south-east.  Since 1990, the islet is part of the protected area Reserva Natural Integral de Santa Luzia. Together with Santa Luzia and Ilhéu Raso, Ilhéu Branco is on the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

Branco is a large rectangular rock, less than 4 km long by more than 1 km wide, rising steeply to a ridge running the length of the island. Its highest point, Topa da Berta, is 327 metres (1,073 feet) above sea level. Its summit is lower than that of Santa Luzia but higher than Raso. The coast is rocky, except for an area of dunes on the west side and a small area of level ground on the east side. Seas around the island are rough throughout the year, making access difficult.
ISO 3166-2:NC
ISO 3166-2:NC is the entry for New Caledonia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for New Caledonia.

New Caledonia, an overseas territorial collectivity of France, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code NC. Moreover, it is also assigned the ISO 3166-2 code FR-NC under the entry for France.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Reese, Pennsylvania
Reese is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in east-central Blair County, in the eastern part of Frankstown Township. It sits on the north side of the Frankstown Branch Juniata River, 5 miles (8 km) east of Hollidaysburg, the county seat, and 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Canoe Creek.

Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania
Hollidaysburg is a borough in and the county seat of Blair County in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located on the Juniata River, 5 miles (8 km) south of Altoona and is part of the Altoona, Pennsylvania, metropolitan statistical area. In 1900, 2,998 people lived in the borough, in 1910, 3,734 lived there, and in 1940, 5,910 residents were counted. The population was 5,641 at the 2020 census. Coal, iron ore, ganister, and limestone are found in the vicinity. In the past, the borough had foundries and machine shops, a silk mill, car works and classification yards.

From 1834 to 1854, the borough was an important port on Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, where the Juniata Division Canal connected to the Allegheny Portage Railroad.

The center of Hollidaysburg is frequently referred to as "The Diamond," where the buildings and parking spaces form a diamond. This area serves as the hub for parades, festivals and other town celebrations.
5th Dragoon Regiment (France)
The 5th Dragoon Regiment (5e Régiment de Dragons or 5e RD) is a cavalry unit of the French Army, created under the Ancien Régime in 1656 and reactivated in 2016, currently headquartered at Camp de Mailly, Mailly-le-Camp. This regiment has a double heritage.

Chambéry
Chambéry (UK: /ˈʃɒ̃bəri/, US: /ˌʃɒ̃beɪˈriː/, French: [ʃɑ̃beʁi]; Arpitan: Chambèri; Italian: Ciamberì) is the prefecture and largest city of the Savoie department in the southeastern Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

The population of the commune of Chambéry was 60,251 as of 2022, while the population of the Chambéry metropolitan area was 263,919. The city is located at the foot of the French Alps between Bauges and Chartreuse mountains, and is a railway and highway crossroads.

It has been the historical capital of the Savoy region since the 13th century, when Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, made the city his seat of power. The annexation of Savoy merged the city to France in 1860. Together with other alpine towns Chambéry engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Chambéry was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2006.
HMS St Andrew
Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS St Andrew, after Saint Andrew, patron saint of Scotland:

English ship St Andrew (1596) was a 50-gun galleon captured from the Spanish in 1596 and given away in 1604.

English ship St Andrew (1622) was a 42-gun great ship (subsequently second rate) launched in 1622.  She was known as Andrew during the Commonwealth, but regained her original name after the Restoration. She was wrecked in 1666.

HMS St Andrew (1670) was a 96-gun first-rate ship of the line launched in 1670. She was renamed HMS Royal Anne in 1703 and rebuilt as a 100-gun first rate. She was broken up in 1727, but remained listed until 1756.

First-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, first-rate was the designation for the largest ships of the line. Originating in the Jacobean era with the designation of Ships Royal capable of carrying at least 400 men, the size and establishment of first-rates evolved over the following 250 years to eventually denote ships of the line carrying at least 80 guns across three gundecks. By the end of the eighteenth century, a first-rate carried no fewer than 100 guns and more than 850 crew, and had a measurement (burthen) tonnage of some 2,000 tons.
Out of the Blue (1931 film)
Out of the Blue is a 1931 British musical film directed by Gene Gerrard and starring Gerrard, Jessie Matthews, and Kay Hammond. Produced by British International Pictures at Elstree Studios near London, its sets were designed by art director David Rawnsley.

This marked Matthews’ first major film role. The plot follows a baronet’s daughter who falls in love with a radio star engaged to her sister. Although the film was not a commercial success, it led to Matthews being cast in There Goes the Bride and signing a contract with Gainsborough Pictures. Matthews later reflected in her autobiography that "Out of the Blue was adapted from a stage musical and never should have left the boards." John Orton served as supervising director.

Radio star
Stellar radio sources, radio source stars or radio stars are stellar objects that produce copious emissions of various radio frequencies, whether constant or pulsed. Radio emissions from stars can be produced in many varied ways.
Gustav Queck
Gustav Adolf Queck (18 March 1822, Zadelsdorf – 1897, Treptow an der Rega) was a German educator and classical philologist.

From 1841 to 1845 he studied philology at the University of Jena. Following graduation he worked as a schoolteacher in Sondershausen, where in 1853 he received the title of professor. In 1866 he became a school prorector in Pyritz, and during the following year was named director of the newly founded gymnasium in Dramburg.

Drawsko Pomorskie
Drawsko Pomorskie [ˈdrafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] (until 1948 Polish: Drawsko; German: Dramburg) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Drawsko County and the urban-rural commune of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 11,292. It is home to the Drawsko Training Ground, one of the largest training areas in Poland.
Al Papik
Elvin A. "Al" Papik (August 25, 1926 – May 7, 2022) was an American football coach. He served as the 26th head football coach at Doane College in Crete, Nebraska, for 16 seasons, from 1955 until 1970.  His coaching record at Doane was 80–52–9.

Papik twice took his team to the Mineral Water Bowl, scoring a 14–14 tie against William Jewell in 1967 and recording a 10–0 victory against Central Missouri State in 1968.  The 1968 season gave Doane an undefeated 10–0 schedule, outscoring their opponents 468 to 64.

Celebrating Papik’s influence on the universities athletics, Doane’s football stadium was renamed ‘Al Papik Field.’

Central Missouri Mules football
The Central Missouri Mules football program represents the University of Central Missouri in college football and competes in the NCAA Division II. In 1912, Central Missouri was a charter member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA), and has remained in the league. UCM's home games are played at Audrey J. Walton Stadium in Warrensburg, Missouri.

Central Missouri's football program dates back to 1894, and has won eight conference championships, and appeared in the NCAA Division II playoffs twice in 2002, and 2010. Entering the 2015 season, Central Missouri's all-time record was 529–507–52.

The team is coached by Josh Lamberson.
Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy
Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the use of colloidal gold in therapeutic treatments, often for cancer or arthritis. Gold nanoparticle technology shows promise in the advancement of cancer treatments. Some of the properties that gold nanoparticles possess, such as small size, non-toxicity and non-immunogenicity make these molecules useful candidates for targeted drug delivery systems. With tumor-targeting delivery vectors becoming smaller, the ability to by-pass the natural barriers and obstacles of the body becomes more probable. To increase specificity and likelihood of drug delivery, tumor specific ligands may be grafted onto the particles along with the chemotherapeutic drug molecules, to allow these molecules to circulate throughout the tumor without being redistributed into the body.

Vectors in gene therapy
Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
Hyperhydricity
Hyperhydricity (previously known as vitrification) is a physiological malformation that results in excessive hydration, low lignification, impaired stomatal function and reduced mechanical strength of tissue culture-generated plants. The consequence is poor regeneration of such plants without intensive greenhouse acclimation for outdoor growth.  Additionally, it may also lead to leaf-tip and bud necrosis in some cases, which often leads to loss of apical dominance in the shoots. In general, the main symptom of hyperhydricity is translucent characteristics signified by a shortage of chlorophyll and high water content. Specifically, the presence of a thin or absent cuticular layer, reduced number of palisade cells, irregular stomata, less developed cell wall and large intracellular spaces in the mesophyll cell layer have been described as some of the anatomic changes associated with hyperhydricity.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
ThingLab
ThingLab is a visual programming environment implemented in Smalltalk and designed at Xerox PARC by Alan Borning.

A conventional system allows a user to provide inputs that produce outputs.  A constraint-oriented system, such as ThingLab, allows the user to provide arbitrary inputs or outputs, then solves for whatever is unknown. ThingLab is viewed as one of the earliest constraint-oriented systems.

ThingLab is credited in "Fumbling the Future" as a big reason Xerox continued to fund computer development.

Alan H. Borning
Alan H. Borning is an American computer scientist noted for research on human–computer interaction, object-oriented programming, programming languages, constraint programming languages and systems, and cooperating constraint languages and solvers. His research in human–computer interaction is on designing for human values, including systems to support civic engagement and deliberation, and tools to make public transport easier to use.
Borgloon
Borgloon (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbɔr(ə)xˌloːn] ⓘ; French: Looz, French pronunciation: [lo]; Limburgish: Loeën) is a former municipality and city located in the Belgian province of Limburg. On January 1, 2006, Borgloon had a total population of 10,697. The total area is 51.12 km2 (19.74 sq mi) which gives a population density of 209 inhabitants per square kilometre (540 inhabitants/sq mi). Borgloon gave its name to the former county of Loon and was its capital until 1200.

The municipality includes the following 13 sub-municipalities: Bommershoven, Borgloon proper, Broekom, Gors-Opleeuw, Gotem, Groot-Loon, Hendrieken, Hoepertingen, Jesseren, Kerniel, Kuttekoven, Rijkel, and Voort.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Made in Switzerland (album)
Made In Switzerland is a live video and album release by Gotthard. It was released worldwide in 2006 as a combined DVD and CD package.

The concert was filmed and recorded at the Hallenstadion in Zürich, Switzerland on December 8, 2005 as part of the bands Lipservice tour.

Gotthard (band)
Gotthard is a Swiss hard rock band founded in Lugano by Steve Lee and Leo Leoni. Their last sixteen albums have all reached number one in the Swiss album charts, making them one of the most successful Swiss acts ever. With over three million albums sold, they have received multi-platinum awards across the world. The band takes its name from the Saint-Gotthard Massif.

Singer Steve Lee died in a motorcycle accident on 5 October 2010. In November 2011, Gotthard announced a new singer, Nic Maeder, through their official Facebook page and their website with a new song, "Remember It's Me", downloadable for free.