hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HD 72561
HD 72561 is a star in the constellation Hydra. Its apparent magnitude is 5.867. Based on parallax shift, it is located about 1,600 light-years (500 parsecs) away.

HD 72561 is a G-type giant star. It is over 4 times as massive as the Sun and 48 times as wide. It is about 150 million years old.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Anthony Morse
Anthony Perry Morse (21 August 1911 – 6 March 1984) was an American mathematician who worked in both analysis, especially measure theory, and in the foundations of mathematics. He is best known as the co-creator, together with John L. Kelley, of Morse–Kelley set theory.  This theory first appeared in print in Kelley's General Topology. Morse's own version appeared later in A Theory of Sets.

He is also known for his work on the Morse–Sard theorem and the Federer–Morse theorem.

Anthony Morse should not be confused with Marston Morse, known for developing Morse theory.

Morse theory
In mathematics, specifically in differential topology, Morse theory enables one to analyze the topology of a manifold by studying differentiable functions on that manifold. According to the basic insights of Marston Morse, a typical differentiable function on a manifold will reflect the topology quite directly. Morse theory allows one to find CW structures and handle decompositions on manifolds and to obtain substantial information about their homology.

Before Morse, Arthur Cayley and James Clerk Maxwell had developed some of the ideas of Morse theory in the context of topography. Morse originally applied his theory to geodesics (critical points of the energy functional on the space of paths). These techniques were used in Raoul Bott's proof of his periodicity theorem.

The analogue of Morse theory for complex manifolds is Picard–Lefschetz theory.
Cryptide
Cryptide can refer to:

Cryptid, rumored or suspected creatures for which conclusive evidence is still missing
List of cryptids
Cryptid Hunters, a 2004 novel by Roland Smith

Cryptand, a family of synthetic bi- and polycyclic multidentate ligands for a variety of cations

Cryptand
In chemistry, cryptands are a family of synthetic, bicyclic and polycyclic,  multidentate ligands for a variety of cations. The Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987 was given to Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, and Charles J. Pedersen for their efforts in discovering and determining uses of cryptands and crown ethers, thus launching the now flourishing field of supramolecular chemistry. The term cryptand implies that this ligand binds substrates in a crypt, interring the guest as in a burial. These molecules are three-dimensional analogues of crown ethers but are more selective and strong as complexes for the guest ions. The resulting complexes are lipophilic.
Radical 58
Radical 58 or radical snout (彐部) meaning "pig snout" is one of the 31 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of three strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 25 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

彐 is also the 50 indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China. Two associated indexing components, ⺕ and 彑, are affiliated to the principal indexing component 彐.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted on 25 December 1951. Prior to this, the flag was red with the Cyrillic characters БССР (BSSR) in gold in the top-left corner, surrounded by a gold border. Between 1937 and the adoption of the above flag in the 1940s, the flag was the same, but with a gold hammer and sickle above the Cyrillic characters and no border. Between 1919 and 1927, the flag was red, with the Cyrillic characters ССРБ (SSRB) in the top left-hand corner. In early 1919, a plain red flag was used. The final BSSR flag was used until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. A flag based on this Soviet design is used as the national flag of Belarus.

Flag
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design, often flown from a pole and used for symbolic, signalling, or decorative purposes. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed on such pieces of fabric. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin vexillum, meaning "flag" or "banner".

The first flags were used to aid military coordination on the battlefield, and flags have since evolved into a common tool for basic signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as maritime environments where semaphore is used). The national flag is a common patriotic symbol of a country, and many national or other flags may be assigned to flag families based on similarities in their designs that demonstrate a shared history, culture, or influence. Flags are also used in messages, advertising, or for other decorative purposes.
Lon Robbé
Lon Robbé (born 1946) is a Dutch painter and photographer, best known for her painting Bedroom 1989 (1989). Her work is a part of the permanent collections of the Teylers Museum, Museum Arnhem, Museum De Lakenhal, and Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, among others.

Museum Arnhem
Museum Arnhem (formerly known as Gemeentemuseum Arnhem and then Museum voor Moderne Kunst Arnhem) is a museum of modern art, contemporary art, applied art and design in Arnhem, Netherlands, with art from the 20th century.
The museum reopened its doors on 13 May 2022 after a major renovation that lasted more than four years.

Previous directors have included Liesbeth Brandt Corstius.
Black Randy and the Metrosquad
Black Randy and the Metrosquad was an American punk rock band from the late 1970s and early 1980s in the Los Angeles punk scene. They gained notoriety not only for their surreal and smutty sense of humor, but also for their amalgamation of proto-punk, 1970s porn, pop, and avant-garde music.

Proto-punk
Proto-punk (or protopunk) is music that foreshadowed the punk rock genre, particularly rock music artists during the 1960s and early-to mid 1970s. A retrospective label, the musicians involved were generally not originally associated with each other and came from a variety of backgrounds and styles; together, they anticipated many of punk's musical and thematic attributes.

The tendency towards aggressive, raw, simplistic rock songs is a trend rooted in the earliest forms of rock and roll. The American garage rock movement of the mid-1960s is a key influence in the development of punk rock. By the late 1960s, Detroit bands the Stooges and MC5 had taken the influence of garage groups to form a distinct prototypical punk sound. In the following years, this sound spread both domestically and internationally,  alongside glam rock and pub rock, into several regional early underground punk scenes in New York, Ohio, Australia and England.
Pachyosteus
Pachyosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of medium-sized selenosteid arthrodire placoderm known from the Upper Frasnian Kellwasserkalk facies of Late Devonian Bad Wildungen, Germany and from the Famennian portions of the Holy Cross Mountains of Poland. The type species Pachyosteus bulla has a broad skull about 7 to 10 centimetres (3 to 4 in) long, a comparatively long median dorsal plate, and a short rostral plate that meets the pineal plate.

Famennian
The Famennian is the later of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration is that it lasted from 372.15 million years ago to 358.86 million years ago. It was preceded by the Frasnian stage and followed by the Tournaisian stage.
A Separate Creation
A Separate Creation: The Search for the Biological Origins of Sexual Orientation, also published with the subtitle How Biology Makes Us Gay, is a 1996 book about the development of sexual orientation by the journalist Chandler Burr. It received mainly positive reviews, commending it as a useful discussion of scientific research on sexual orientation and the politics surrounding the issue.

New York Native
The New York Native was a biweekly gay newspaper published by Charles Ortleb in New York City from December 1980 until January 13, 1997. It was the only gay paper in New York City during the early part of the AIDS epidemic, and pioneered reporting on AIDS when most others ignored it. The paper subsequently became known for attacking the scientific understanding of HIV as the cause of AIDS and endorsing HIV/AIDS denialism.
Matthias Vanden Borre
Matthias Vanden Borre (born 14 May 1987) is a Belgian lawyer and politician for the New Flemish Alliance.

Vanden Borre was born in Dundee, Scotland. He studied political science at KU Leuven and a master's degree in law at Ghent University. He then worked as a lawyer and an assistant to former N-VA leader Geert Bourgeois. Since 2018, he has been a municipal councilor in Brussels. In 2019, he was elected to the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region on second place on the N-VA's list.

In April 2021, Vanden Borre was assaulted by a gang while out walking in Brussels which left him with physical injuries.

Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region (French: Parlement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Dutch: Parlement van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest) is the governing body of the Brussels-Capital Region, one of the three federated regions of Belgium. It is also known as the Brussels Regional Parliament (French: Parlement régional bruxellois; Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Parlement), or simply the Brussels Parliament (French: Parlement bruxellois; Dutch: Brussels Parlement).
Tinguiririca River
Tinguiririca River is a river of Chile located in the Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region. It rises in the Andes, at the confluence of the rivers Las Damas and Del Azufre. From its source, it flows northwest for about 56 km to the vicinity of the city of San Fernando. In this portion of its course, the river receives the waters of the tributaries Clarillo and Claro. Then the river flows southwest and then turns northwest to empty into Rapel Lake.

Rapel Lake
Rapel Lake (Spanish: Lago Rapel or Embalse Rapel) is an artificial lake created by a dam on the Rapel River. It is located in the Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region, Central Chile.

The reservoir was created with the aim of feeding the Rapel Hydroelectric Plant.
Cox's timepiece
Cox's timepiece is a clock developed in the 1760s by James Cox. It was developed in collaboration with John Joseph Merlin (with whom Cox also worked on developing automata). Cox claimed that his design was a true perpetual motion machine, but as the device is powered from changes in atmospheric pressure via a mercury barometer, this is not the case.  The clock still exists, but was deactivated at the time of its relocation to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

Automaton
An automaton (/ɔːˈtɒmətən/ ⓘ; pl.: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power or will, like a mechanical robot. The term has long been commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people.

Animatronics are a modern type of automata with electronics, often used for the portrayal of characters or creatures in films and in theme park attractions.
13th Infantry Regiment (Poland)
13th Children of Kraków Infantry Regiment (Polish: 13 Pulk Piechoty Dzieci Krakowa, 13 pp) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army. It existed from 1918 until 1939. It was then reformed two more times between 1941 and 1944 as part of the Polish Armed Forces in the East. Garrisoned first in Kraków, then in Krzemieniec and in 1921–1939 in Pułtusk, the unit belonged to the 8th Infantry Division from Modlin.

Modlin, Nowy Dwór County
52°26′N 20°41′E﻿ / ﻿52.433°N 20.683°E﻿ / 52.433; 20.683

Modlin was a village near Warsaw in Poland near the banks of rivers Narew and Vistula. In 1961 it was incorporated into the town of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki.

There is a former Modlin Fortress holding a junction of the two rivers, built in the 19th century, and last used during World War II. Currently, there is Modlin Airport in a part of the fortress.
Dame Margot (trouvère)
Dame Margot (fl. 13th century) was a trouvère from Arras, in Picardy, France. One extant work of hers is jeu parti, a debate song, in which she debates Dame Maroie. This song, "Je vous pri, dame Maroie," survives in two manuscripts, which each give separate and unrelated melodies. In another jeu parti she is a judge, opposing Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras and Jehan Bretel. She is listed as a member of the Puy d'Arras.

Jeu-parti
The jeu-parti (plural jeux-partis, also known as parture) is a genre of French lyric poetry composed between two trouvères. It is a cognate of the Occitan partimen (also known as partia or joc partit). In the classic type, one poet poses a dilemma question in the opening stanza, his or her partner picks a side (the 'part') in the second stanza, which replicates the versification of the first and is sung to the same melody. Typically, the jeu-parti has six stanzas, with the two interlocutors alternating stanza by stanza. Many jeux-partis also have final partial stanzas in which one or both of the interlocutors appoint judges and call for judgement. The outcome, however, is virtually never given within the jeu-parti itself and would have been the subject of audience discussion after the jeu-parti's performance. The form was particularly associated with the Puy d'Arras. Over 200 examples survive, of which around 180 are in the classic form.
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 Data management and interchange is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which develops and facilitates standards within the field of data management and interchange. The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) located in the United States.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Arquette
Arquette is a surname; people with this name include the following members of the Arquette family:

Alexis Arquette (1969–2016), American transgender actress

Cliff Arquette (1905–1974), American actor, father of Lewis

David Arquette (born 1971), American actor

Lewis Arquette (1935–2001), American actor, father of Alexis, David, Patricia, Richmond and Rosanna

Patricia Arquette (born 1968), American actress

Rosanna Arquette (born 1959), American actress

Rosanna Arquette
Rosanna Lisa Arquette (/roʊˈzɑːnə ɑːrˈkɛt/ roh-ZAH-nə ar-KET; born August 10, 1959) is an American actress. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her performance in the television film The Executioner's Song (1982) and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the film Desperately Seeking Susan (1985). Her other notable film credits include Baby It's You (1983), After Hours (1985), The Big Blue (1988), Nowhere to Run (1993), Pulp Fiction (1994), Crash (1996), The Whole Nine Yards (2000), and Joe Dirt (2001 film). She also directed the documentary Searching for Debra Winger (2002).
Cottus microstomus
Cottus microstomus, or the Baltic Sculpin is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in Eastern Europe and is widespread in the Dniester drainage (Black Sea basin), Odra and Vistula drainages (southern Baltic basin), most likely extending further east to the Gulf of Finland. It is part of the wider European Cottus gobio complex, and possibly makes hybrid zones with Cottus gobio (European bullhead) and Cottus koshewnikowi.  It is a demersal fish, up to 10.1 cm (4.0 in) long.

Dniester
The Dniester (/ˈniːstər/ NEE-stər) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.
Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier
Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ lə mutje] ⓘ) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France. It was besieged during the Hundred Years' War.

Located between the Loire and Allier, the town has a rich and powerful history, but is a little forgotten today because of its "relative" road isolation and lack of tourist infrastructure. Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier is close to Magny-Cours and its racing circuit which hosted the Grand Prix de France Formula 1 from 1991 to 2008.

Nièvre
Nièvre (French: [njɛvʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, central-east France. Named after the river Nièvre, it had a population of 204,452 in 2019. Its prefecture is Nevers.

Covering an area 6,817 square kilometres (2,632 sq mi), Nièvre is landlocked between six other departments: Yonne to the north, Côte-d'Or to the east, Saône-et-Loire to the southeast, Allier to the south, Cher to the west and Loiret to the northwest.
Jaynagar–Udhna Antyodaya Express
Jaynagar–Udhna Antyodaya Express is an Express train belonging to East Central Railway zone that runs between Jaynagar and  Udhna Junction. It is currently being operated with 15563/15564 train numbers on a weekly basis.

East Central Railway zone
The East Central Railway (ECR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India, serving primarily the eastern and central regions of the country. Headquartered in Hajipur, Bihar, the zone manages a vast network of railway lines across five divisions: Sonpur, Samastipur, Dhanbad, Danapur & Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
5-MeO-NiPT
5-MeO-NiPT, also known as 5-methoxy-N-isopropyltryptamine, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family related to 5-MeO-DMT.

The drug acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.

5-MeO-NiPT was encountered as a novel designer and recreational drug by 2014.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
Shence Army
The Shence Army (simplified Chinese: 神策军; traditional Chinese: 神策軍; pinyin: Shéncè Jūn; lit. 'Divine Strategy Army') was a military formation of the Tang dynasty established in 754 by Emperor Xuanzong. Based in the capital Chang'an, it formed the core of the Imperial Guards, an elite military formation responsible for protecting the emperor. The command of the Shence Army was originally given to the Jiedushi of Longyou, Geshu Han. Headquartered to the west of Lintao County in Gansu Province at Mohuan Chuan, the Shence Army defended the western Tang border close to the capital against the Tibetan Empire, and played a pivotal role as a tool of the eunuchs in establishing and keeping control over the Tang court through military clout.

Geshu Han
Geshu Han (Chinese: 哥舒翰; pinyin: Gēshū Hàn; died December 1, 757), formally Prince Wumin of Xiping (西平武愍王), was a general of Tang China who was of Turgesh extraction. A veteran of many battles, he became a powerful general late in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and in 756 became responsible for defending Tong Pass against the rebel forces of An Lushan.

After being forced by the Chancellor Yang Guozhong to engage An Lushan's forces, he was defeated and subsequently kidnapped by his own subordinate, Huoba Guiren (火拔歸仁), to An Lushan's camp. An Lushan tried to use him to get his subordinate generals Li Guangbi, Lai Tian (來瑱), and Lu Gui (魯炅) to surrender as well, but when those generals refused to do so, put him under house arrest in Luoyang, the capital of An's newly established state of Great Yan.

In 757, after An Lushan's son and successor An Qingxu was defeated by Tang forces and forced to abandon Luoyang, An Qingxu executed Geshu and some thirty other captive Tang generals.
PH-lamp
The PH-lamp is a term for light fixtures designed by Danish designer and writer Poul Henningsen. The term is sometimes used to refer to any lamp designed by Henningsen, or specially Henningsen's three-shade lamp series. The lamps are produced by Louis Poulsen.

Henningsen's lamps are designed with multiple concentric shades to eliminate visual glare, only emitting reflected light, obscuring the light source. Henningsen's sleek, spare lamp was first presented at the 1925 International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts where it was awarded a gold medal.

Glare (vision)
Glare is difficulty of seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night. Because of this, some cars include mirrors with automatic anti-glare functions and in buildings, blinds or louvers are often used to protect occupants. Glare is caused by a significant ratio of luminance between the task (that which is being looked at) and the glare source. Factors such as the angle between the task and the glare source and eye adaptation have significant impacts on the experience of glare.