hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Direct manipulation animation
Direct manipulation animation is one of the many forms of stop motion, but certainly blurring the distinction between stop motion and regular flat (drawing or "cel") animation.

Direct manipulation is a simplified variation of graphic animation which involves the frame-by-frame altering (erasing or adding to) a single drawing or graphic image, while taking a frame of film or video as each small change is made, as close as the stop motion process gets to simply animating a series of drawings, but without actually changing to completely separate drawings or graphics for each frame of film, a more traditional process that most people associate with the generic "animation' term.

Examples of direct-manipulation-animation are parts of J. Stuart Blackton's 1906 Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, the chalk animation opening sequence of Will Vinton's Dinosaur (1980), and parts of Mike Jittlov's 1977 short film, Animato.

Mike Jittlov
Mike Jittlov (born June 8, 1948) is an American animator and the creator of short films and one feature-length film using forms of special effects animation, including stop-motion animation, rotoscoping, and pixilation. He is best known for the 1988 feature-length film The Wizard of Speed and Time, based on his 1979 short film of the same name.
Brittain (surname)
Brittain is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Brittain (1930–2011), American author

Charles Francis Brittain (born 1950), American philosopher

Colin Brittain (born 1986), American drummer

Donald Brittain (1928–1989), Canadian filmmaker

Erica Brittain, American biostatistician

Joe Brittain, English rugby league footballer of the 1910s, and 1920s

Marion Luther Brittain (1865–1953), U.S. educator

Martin Brittain (born 1984), English professional football player

Neil Brittain, Northern Irish television presenter and journalist

Paul Brittain, American actor and comedian, Saturday Night Live

Ronald Brittain, MBE (1899–1981), British Regimental Sergeant Major (R.S.M.)

Thomas Brittain (1806–1884), British naturalist

Thomas Lewis Brittain (1744–1827), English Dominican

Vera Brittain (1893–1970), English writer, feminist, and pacifist

Victoria Brittain (born 1942), British journalist and author

Wayne Brittain, Australian Football League (AFL) coach

Martin Brittain
Martin Brittain (born 29 December 1984) is an English former footballer who played as a winger. A boyhood Newcastle United supporter, Brittain progressed through the club's academy to make his senior debut for Newcastle United under Sir Bobby Robson on 3 March 2004 as a 76th-minute substitute for Michael Bridges in a 3–1 win over Vålerenga in the UEFA Cup third round. Brittain was also awarded the prestigious Jackie Milburn trophy in 2004 as Newcastle United young player of the year.
Durrington-on-Sea railway station
Durrington-on-Sea railway station is in Goring, a suburb of Worthing in the county of West Sussex. It is 12 miles 13 chains (19.6 km) down the line from Brighton. The station is operated by Southern.

Durrington-on-Sea railway station lies about 1.3 miles (2.1 km) south of the Worthing suburb of Durrington and is situated close to the headquarters of West Sussex Primary Care NHS Trust and a large HM Revenue and Customs office.

It was designed in the Modernist style by the architect to the Southern Railway, James Robb Scott and opened on 4 July 1937. The architecture and design of station has drawn criticism from a local newspaper as the "grimmest stop in the South". Owners (Network Rail) and operator (Southern), refute claims of problems and cite lack of central government funding to rebuild stations. Facilities at the station are limited and there are no toilets. There is a waiting room on platform 1, which opened in 2022.

NHS trust
An NHS trust is an organisational unit within the National Health Services of England and Wales, generally serving either a geographical area or a specialised function (such as an ambulance service). In any particular location there may be several trusts involved in the different aspects of providing healthcare to the local population. As of April 2020, there were altogether 217 trusts, and they employ around 800,000 of the NHS's 1.2 million staff.
Muricauda taeanensis
Muricauda taeanensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, heterotrophic and moderate halophilic bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments of Taean in Korea.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
Cruze Ah-Nau
Cruze Ah-Nau (born 10 August 1990) is an Australian rugby union footballer who plays as a prop. He plays for Zebre in the Pro 14 competition. He was a member of the Melbourne Rebels Super Rugby Extended Playing Squad. Ah-Nau was previously a member of the Western Force squad during the 2011 Super Rugby season although he didn't make any appearances. He then moved east in 2012 to join Norths in the Shute Shield.

Ah-Nau was a member of the Australia Under 20 team that competed in the 2010 IRB Junior World Championship.

On 13 September 2017, it was confirmed he joined Italian franchise Zebre in the Pro 14 prior to the 2017–18 season.

Australia national under-20 rugby union team
The Australia national under-20 rugby union team, nicknamed the Junior Wallabies, is the national under-20 rugby union team that represents Australia. The team has been competing at the annual World Rugby U20 Championship since it began in 2008, replacing the previously held under-19 and under-21 championships. The team also competes at the Oceania U20 Championship as of 2015 and the U20 Rugby Championship since 2024.

Australia's highest finish at the World Rugby U20 Championship was second-place in 2010 and 2019. The team finished third in 2011 by beating France in the third place playoff, and fourth in 2009 after losing to South Africa 32–5 in the third place playoff. The Junior Wallabies also finished second in the first four editions of the Oceania U20 Championship before being crowned champions in 2019 after defeating New Zealand 24–0.
Balchrick
Balchrick (Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Chnuic) is a  township on the north east shore of Lairg in Sutherland, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Balchrick lies entirely within the estate of the John Muir Trust's Sandwood Estate.  Balchrick also lies between Blairmore and Sheigra. To the South / South West you can find the beaches of Polin and Oldshoremore.

Just a hundred yards away is the start of the trail to Sandwood Bay, one of the most beautiful beaches in North West Scotland.

John Muir Trust
The John Muir Trust (JMT) is a Scottish charity, established in 1983 to conserve wild land and wild places for the benefit of all. The Trust runs an environmental award scheme, manages several estates, mainly in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and campaigns for better protection of wild land.
Ghazzeh
Ghazzeh (Arabic: غزة) is a city located in the Western Beta District of the Beqaa Governorate in Lebanon. Its population is around 70,000 citizens and 22,000 Syrian refugees. It is known for its emmigration to South American countries.

Beqaa Governorate
Beqaa (Arabic: البقاع Al-Biqā') is a governorate in Lebanon and one of the eight districts of the country. It is located in the eastern part of Lebanon and borders with Syria. The capital of the district is the city of Zahlé.
Epoxide
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen.  This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ethers.  They are produced on a large scale for many applications.  In general, low molecular weight epoxides are colourless and nonpolar, and often volatile.

Ring (chemistry)
In chemistry, a ring is an ambiguous term referring either to a simple cycle of atoms and bonds in a molecule or to a connected set of atoms and bonds in which every atom and bond is a member of a cycle (also called a ring system). A ring system that is a simple cycle is called a monocycle or simple ring, and one that is not a simple cycle is called a polycycle or polycyclic ring system. A simple ring contains the same number of sigma bonds as atoms, and a polycyclic ring system contains more sigma bonds than atoms.

A molecule containing one or more rings is called a cyclic compound, and a molecule containing two or more rings (either in the same or different ring systems) is termed a polycyclic compound. A molecule containing no rings is called an acyclic or open-chain compound.
Lee de Broux
Lee de Broux (born May 7, 1941) is an American character actor of film and television who is best known for his roles in such films and television series as Chinatown, RoboCop, The Gun, Geronimo: An American Legend, Norma Rae, Cannon and Gunsmoke.

Cannon (TV series)
Cannon is an American detective television series produced by Quinn Martin that aired from 1971 to 1976 on CBS. William Conrad played the title character, private detective Frank Cannon. The series was the first Quinn Martin production to run on a network other than ABC.

In total, there were 122 episodes, plus the series' two-hour pilot and a "revival" television film, The Return of Frank Cannon (1980).
Smilezone Foundation
The Smilezone Foundation is a Canadian charity created in 2012 to improve the lives of children facing illness, disabilities, physical, and emotional obstacles. The foundation creates spaces in hospitals to allow children a place to play and experience a reprieve from being in a hospital.  As of 2019, the foundation counted 250 smilezones across the country.

The Smilezone describes its mission as "to create, build and transform areas in hospitals, private treatment and development centres, and children’s clinics in order to improve the lives of children facing illness, disabilities, and physical and emotional obstacles."

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Khalid Al-Jaber
Khalid J. Al-Jaber  is an assistant professor of political communication at the Gulf Studies Program in Qatar University. He is also the editor-in-chief of the Peninsula newspaper published by Dar Al-Sharq Press, and works as principal at Global Media Consultants Organization in Atlanta, Georgia.

Al-Jaber is a scholar of Arab and Gulf studies and his research focuses on political science, public diplomacy, international communications, and international relations. He has published scholarly works in several academic and professional journals, including the World Press Encyclopedia and Gazette. Al-Jaber obtained his PhD in the UK and MA in the USA. He also holds postgraduate diplomas from Fordham University, Stanford University, and Georgetown University.

Postgraduate diploma
A postgraduate diploma (PgD, PgDip, PGDip, PG Dip., PGD, Dipl. PGD) is a postgraduate qualification at the level of a master's degree, awarded after a university degree, which supplements the original degree and awards them with a graduate diploma. The minimum requirement of completing a bachelor's degree is necessary to start the postgraduate course. The duration of a postgraduate course can vary from 1 year to 2 years.

Countries that award postgraduate diplomas include but are not limited to Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. Level of education and recognition differ per issuing country.
Roessner
Roessner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Michaela Roessner (born 1950), American science-fiction writer

Stephen Roessner (born 1981), American recording engineer, musician, multi-instrumentalist, and producer

Ute Roessner (born 1971), German-Australian plant biochemist

Ute Roessner
Ute Roessner AM FAA  is a biochemist who specialises in plant metabolomics. Until 2022, she was professor and head of the School of Biosciences at the University of Melbourne. In 2022, she joined Australian National University as pro-vice-chancellor. She was appointed CEO of the Australian Research Council from 31 March 2025 for a five-year term.
Pietro Bartolo
Pietro Bartolo, OMRI, MEP (born 10 February 1956), is an Italian doctor and politician. From 1992 to 2019, he was known as the responsible medician for first visits to migrants who landed in Lampedusa; in 25 years, he examined and cared for about 250,000 refugees on the island. In 2019, Bartolo was elected as a member of the European Parliament for the Democratic Party.

Lampedusa e Linosa
Lampedusa e Linosa (Sicilian: Lampidusa e Linusa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region of Sicily. Located about 220 km (137 miles) southwest of Agrigento and about 260 km (162 miles) southeast of Tunis, it is the southernmost comune of Italy. It includes the isles of Lampedusa, Linosa and Lampione, collectively known as the Pelagie Islands. It has a population of 6,488.
Disney's River Country
Disney's River Country was the first water park located at Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. River Country, located along the shores of Bay Lake and near Disney's Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground, was themed as a rustic, old-fashioned swimming hole. Opening on June 20, 1976, the park closed indefinitely on November 2, 2001. On January 20, 2005, after over three years of closure, The Walt Disney Company announced that the park would remain closed. It was the second Disney park (the first being nearby Discovery Island in 1999) to ever close permanently.

Water park
A water park (also waterpark, water world, or aquapark) is an amusement park that features water play areas such as swimming pools, water slides, splash pads, water playgrounds, and lazy rivers, as well as areas for floating, bathing, swimming, and other barefoot environments. Modern water parks may also be equipped with some type of artificial surfing or bodyboarding environment, such as a wave pool or flowrider.
Toru Suzuki (darts player)
Tōru Suzuki (鈴木 徹, Suzuki Tōru; born 7 October 1987) is a Japanese professional soft-tip and steel-tip darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) and other national events. He has competed twice during the PDC World Darts Championship and represented his country at the PDC World Cup of Darts.

Madars Razma
Madars Razma (born 26 September 1988) is a Latvian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Nicknamed "Latvian Razmatazz", Razma made his first PDC major quarter-final at the 2022 World Grand Prix and has finished as the runner-up at three PDC ranking events. He is also a ten-time Latvian national champion. He is the first Latvian player to hold a PDC Tour Card and is considered the best darts player from the nation.
Henry Parkinson (railway engineer)
Henry Waterworth Parkinson (died 1942) was a railway engineer in Australia and New Zealand.

Parkinson was a civil engineer who worked in New Zealand and New South Wales before coming to Queensland and joining the Queensland Railways Department. He supervised the erection of the now heritage-listed Burdekin River Rail Bridge at Macrossan (now Dotswood). Subsequently, he was the engineer for the section of the North Coast railway line from Paget Junction to Sarina and for the section of the Tablelands railway line from Atherton to Herberton. From 1913 he was engineer for the City of Rockhampton.

Parkinson died in Sydney aged 85 years.

The suburb of Parkinson in Brisbane was named after him in 1972.

Railway engineering
Railway engineering is the discipline of engineering which concerns the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of railways and rail transportation systems. It includes a wide range of engineering disciplines, including (but not limited to) civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production engineering.
77th Wisconsin Legislature
The Seventy-Seventh Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 13, 1965, to January 2, 1967, in regular session.

This was the first legislative session after the redistricting of the Senate and Assembly according to a decision of the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 1964.

Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 3, 1964. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of a four-year term, having been elected in the general election of November 6, 1962.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Warren P. Knowles, of St. Croix County, serving a two-year term, having won election in the 1964 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.

St. Croix County, Wisconsin
St. Croix County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 93,536. Its county seat is Hudson. The county was created in 1840 (then in the Wisconsin Territory) and organized in 1849. St. Croix County is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Between 2000 and 2010, it was Wisconsin's fastest-growing county. Its growth has continued since 2010 in part due to people moving out of the central Minneapolis-St. Paul counties and into St. Croix County.
Colfe's School
Colfe's School, previously Colfe's Grammar School, is a co-educational private day school in Horn Park in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, in southeast London, England, and one of the oldest schools in London. The school is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The official Visitor to the school is Prince Michael of Kent.

Prince Michael of Kent
Prince Michael of Kent (Michael George Charles Franklin; born 4 July 1942) is a member of the British royal family who is 53rd in line to the British throne as of 2026. The younger son of Prince George, Duke of Kent, and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, he is a grandson of George V, nephew of Edward VIII and George VI, and first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. Michael's mother was also a first cousin of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Queen Elizabeth II, making him both a second cousin and first cousin once removed to Charles III.

Michael occasionally represented Elizabeth II at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom during her reign. Otherwise, he manages his own consultancy business and undertakes various commercial work around the world. He has also presented some television documentaries on the royal families of Europe.
Bishop's Palace, Vršac
The Bishop's Palace (Serbian: Владичански двор, Vladičanski dvor) in Vršac, city in the region of Banat in Vojvodina, Serbia, is the official residence of the Bishop of the Eparchy of Banat of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The palace was built between 1750 and 1757 at the time of bishop Jovan Georgijević making it the only baroque style ecclesiastical residence of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The building holds valuable sacral object such as 18th century iconostasis in its chapel on the second floor, as well as 14th century icon from Kyiv as well as 292 other icons and various 19th and early 20th century paintings. The building is listed as a part of the Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance.

Banat
Banat (UK: /ˈbænɪt, ˈbɑːn-/ BAN-it, BAHN-, US: /bəˈnɑːt, bɑː-/ bə-NAHT, bah-; Romanian: Banat; Hungarian: Bánság; Serbian: Банат, romanized: Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian or Carpathian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Mureș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except for a small part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád-Csanád County).

The region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II. Today, Banat is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians, but small populations of other ethnic groups also live in the region. Nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.
Midway North, Texas
Midway North is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. 
The population was 4,232 at the 2020 United States Census. It is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Edinburg, Texas
Edinburg (/ˈɛdɪnbɜːrɡ/ ED-in-burg) is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 100,243 at the 2020 census, and in 2022, its estimated population was 104,294, making it the second-largest city in Hidalgo County, and the third-largest city in the larger Rio Grande Valley region.

Edinburg is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission and Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas. Edinburg is home to the main campus of University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.
Gotland Blue
Gotland Blue (Swedish: Blå Gotland, German: Gotland Blau) was a cheese  by the Arla Foods company in the town of Stånga on the island of Gotland  in Sweden.  This cheese is often characterized as being somewhere between strong and mild, containing elements of both types.  The colour is a pale yellow, with no holes.  It is similar to Emmentaler in texture, but has a flavour reminiscent of stronger cheeses.  The cheese is cube shaped and covered in a blue wax, thus making the cheese take on visual cues from the Swedish flag and national colours.  Blå Gotland was sold in Sweden and in Germany. The cheese is no longer made as the factory in Stånga shut down in 2004.

Stånga
Stånga is a locality on the Swedish island of Gotland, with 491 inhabitants in 2014.

Stånga is also the name of the larger populated area, socken (not to be confused with parish). It comprises the same area as the administrative Stånga District, established on 1 January 2016.

Stånga is most noted for hosting the annual Stånga Games (Swedish: Stångaspelen).