hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ShotSpotter
SoundThinking, Inc. (formerly ShotSpotter Inc.) is an American security technology company based in Fremont, California. The company is publicly traded, and is known for its gunfire locator service. ShotSpotter claims it can identify whether or not a gunshot was fired in an area in order to dispatch law enforcement, though researchers have noted concerns about effectiveness, reliability, privacy, and equity. The company has been partnering with cities and police since 1997, and as of 2022 has been utilized by more than 130 cities and law enforcement agencies in the US.

J. Roderick MacArthur
John Roderick MacArthur (December 21, 1920 – December 15, 1984) was a U.S. businessman and philanthropist in Chicago. The J. Roderick MacArthur Foundation, a philanthropic organization supporting civil rights in the United States, was established in his name.

The foundation established the MacArthur Justice Center, a public interest law firm that formed an alliance in 2006 at the Northwestern University School of Law, and litigates for civil rights. In addition, MacArthur Justice centers have been opened in Louisiana (2013), Mississippi, in an association with the law school at University of Mississippi (2014); Missouri (2016); and Washington, D.C. (2017).

He is the son of John D. MacArthur, who established the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation in his will. It has funded the MacArthur fellowships, grants to authors, artists and scientists.
Hordabø Church
Hordabø Church (Norwegian: Hordabø kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Bøvågen on the island of Radøy. It is one of the four churches in the Radøy parish which is part of the Nordhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1875 using designs by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 330 people.

Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin (Norwegian: Bjørgvin bispedømme) is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral city is Bergen, Norway's second largest city. Bergen Cathedral, formerly the Church of Saint Olaf, serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The Bishop since 2023 has been Ragnhild Jepsen.
1993 Commonwealth final
The 1993 Commonwealth final was the tenth running of the Commonwealth Final as part of the qualification for the 1993 Speedway World Championship. The 1993 Final was run on 23 May at the Norfolk Arena in King's Lynn, England, and was part of the World Championship qualifying for riders from the Commonwealth nations.

Riders qualified for the Final from the Australian, British and New Zealand Championships.

The winner was Australian Leigh Adams and it was the first time that a rider from outside of Great Britain won the event.

Commonwealth final
The Commonwealth final was a Motorcycle speedway final sanctioned by the FIM as a qualifying round for the Speedway World Championship between 1979 and 1994.

Introduced to the World Championship in 1979, it served as a qualifying round for Commonwealth riders, primarily those from Australia, England and New Zealand.

The Commonwealth final was not run from 1981 to 1985, during which time riders who qualified through their national championship were through to the Overseas Final. It returned to the World Championship calendar in 1986 and lasted until 1994, the last year of the traditional single meeting World Championship final before the advent of the Speedway Grand Prix World championship series in 1995.
Gwangnyeong Muk clan
Gwangnyeong Muk clan (Korean: 광녕 묵씨; Hanja: 廣寧 墨氏) was one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan was in Guangning County, China. According to the research in 2000, the number of Gwangnyeong Muk clan was 133. Muk clan was born in Liang County (Hanja: 梁郡), China. Gwangnyeong Muk clan’s founder was Muk Sa. He was a descendant of Mozi who was from Yang Province in China, and was a thinker from Lu in China’s Spring and Autumn period. He was naturalized in Joseon when he was a minister of defense (Hanja: 兵部尚書, Bingbu Shangshu) in Ming dynasty.

Lu (state)
Lu (Chinese: 魯; c. 1042 – 249 BC) was a vassal state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China located around modern southwest Shandong.  Founded in the 11th century BC, its rulers were from a cadet branch of the House of Ji (姬) that ruled the Zhou dynasty. The first duke was Boqin, a son of the Duke of Zhou, who was brother of King Wu of Zhou and regent to King Cheng of Zhou.

Lu was the home state of Confucius as well as Mozi, and, as such, has an outsized cultural influence among the states of the Eastern Zhou and in history. The Annals of Spring and Autumn, for instance, was written with the Lu rulers' years as their basis.  Another great work of Chinese history, the Zuo Zhuan or Commentary of Zuo, was traditionally considered to have been written in Lu by Zuo Qiuming.
Imstenrade
Imstenrade (Limburgish: Imsterao) is a hamlet in the southeastern Netherlands. It is part of the municipality of Heerlen in the province of Limburg, about 20 km east of Maastricht. The village lies between Benzenrade and Simpelveld, next to the A76 motorway and the N281 provincial road. In 2014 the village had a population of 336 and was home to an immigration detention centre with space for 700 immigrants.

Limburgish
Limburgish (Limburgs [ˈlɪm˦bʏʀ(ə)xs] or Lèmburgs [ˈlɛm˦-]; Dutch: Limburgs [ˈlɪmbʏr(ə)xs]; also Limburgian, Limburgic or Limburgan) is the collective designation for a group of closely related language varieties spoken in most of Belgian and Dutch Limburg and in the adjacent areas of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Limburgish dialects lack a standardized form and instead comprise multiple varieties, each with its own distinctive features. A characteristic feature of many dialects of Limburgish is the occurrence of a lexical pitch accent (Franconian tone accent), which these dialects adopted from and share with the adjacent Central Franconian dialects of German.

In the Netherlands, Limburgish has been officially recognized as a regional language by the Dutch government since 1997. In Belgium and Germany, Limburgish dialects have no formal legal status.
Aldeia Gavinha
Aldeia Gavinha (Portuguese pronunciation: [alˈdɐjɐ ɣɐˈviɲɐ]) is a former civil parish, located in the municipality of Alenquer, in western Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Aldeia Galega da Merceana e Aldeia Gavinha. It covers 8.22 km2 in area, with 1173 inhabitants as of 2001.

Alenquer, Portugal
Alenquer (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐlẽˈkɛɾ] ⓘ), officially the Town of Alenquer (Portuguese: Vila de Alenquer), is a Portuguese municipality in the Lisbon District and in the Oeste region. The population in 2011 was 43,267, in an area of 304.22 square kilometres (117.46 mi2). The present Mayor is Pedro Miguel Ferreira Folgado.
Tipton, Champaign County, Illinois
Tipton is an unincorporated community in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. Tipton is located along a railroad line south of St. Joseph.

Tipton is said to have been named after Tip Peters, who was a local farmer and lived next to the railroad tracks on his farm.

The Peters-Thompson Cemetery is a small cemetery in the corner of a farm field and contains some of the original settlers of this area.

St. Joseph, Illinois
The Village of St. Joseph or Saint Joseph  was founded on April 28, 1881, and is located in St. Joseph Township, Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,810 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 3,967 in 2010.
John v Anon
John v Anon [c. 1290] BL. Add. 31826, fol. 169 is a very early common law case and shows the very early development of trust law, although the decision itself is not precedent setting. The significance of the case is rather that it records a detailed view of the proceedings when one went into chancery to purchase a writ.
This case was very early in the common law era being heard only ten years after Edward II set up the division of various courts in the curia regis.

Curia regis
The curia regis ([ˈkuː.ri.a ˈreː.gis]), Latin for "the royal council" or "king's court", was any of various councils of advisers and administrators in medieval Europe who served kings, including kings of France, Norman kings of England and Sicily, kings of Poland and the kings of Scotland and Norman Lords of Ireland.
Banobras
Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Públicos, SNC (National Works and Public Services Bank) or Banobras is a state owned development bank in Mexico. Its core business is sub national (Municipal and State governments) and project finance. It was founded in 1933 as Banco Nacional Hipotecario Urbano y de Obras Públicas, S.A (National Urban Mortgage and Public Works Bank) by president Abelardo L. Rodríguez.

Until the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, its headquarters were located at the Torre Insignia, a pyramid-shaped building designed by one of Mexico's most noted architects, Mario Pani.

As of December 2005, the bank has a loan portfolio of more than US$10 billion and a tier 1 capital of more than a 1 billion.

Development finance institution
Development finance institution (DFI), also known as a Development bank, is a financial institution that provides risk capital for economic development projects on a non-commercial basis.

DFIs are often established and owned by governments or nonprofit organizations to finance projects that would otherwise not be able to get financing from commercial lenders.

They are often structured as a company that provides loans for projects that a government or nonprofit wants to encourage for non commercial reasons.  They can be at a local, national or international level.  DFIs include multilateral development banks, national development banks, bilateral development banks, microfinance institutions, community development financial institution and revolving loan funds.
Canton of Saint-Symphorien-de-Lay
The canton of Saint-Symphorien-de-Lay is a French former administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Rhône-Alpes region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 13,641 inhabitants (2012).

The canton comprised the following communes:

Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ʁon alp] ⓘ) was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the river Rhône and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region.
21st Directors Guild of America Awards
The 21st Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in film and television in 1968, were presented on February 22, 1969, at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The ceremony was hosted by Carl Reiner. The feature film nominees were announced in January 1969.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Yuelai station
Yuelai Station is an interchange station between Line 10 and International Expo Branch of Line 6 of Chongqing Rail Transit in Chongqing municipality, China. It is located in Yubei District, adjacent to Chongqing International Expo Center and opened in 2013 with the opening of Line 6 International Expo Branch. It had also served as the northern terminus of Line 6 International Expo Branch until Phase II opened in 2020.

Yubei, Chongqing
Yubei District (Chinese: 渝北区; pinyin: Yúběi Qū), literally meaning the north of Yu (with Yu being an abbreviation for Chongqing), was a former district of Chongqing municipality, bordering Sichuan province to the north. Lianglu, which is a town administered by Yubei District, is where the Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport is located. It's now a part of Liangjiang New Area.
Joseon missions to Japan
Joseon missions to Japan represent a crucial aspect of the international relations of mutual Joseon-Japanese contacts and communication. In sum, these serial diplomatic ventures illustrate the persistence of Joseon's gyorin (neighborly relations) diplomacy from 1392 to 1910.

The chronology of one side in a bilateral relationship stands on its own. This long-term, strategic policy contrasts with the sadae (serving the great) diplomacy that characterized Joseon-Chinese relations. The unique nature of these bilateral diplomatic exchanges evolved from a conceptual framework of the tributary system of China. Gradually, the theoretical model would be modified. The changing model mirrors the evolution of a unique relationship between two neighboring states.  In the 20th century, gyorin diplomacy failed.

Kan'ei
Kan'ei (寛永) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Genna and before Shōhō.  This period spanned the years from February 1624 through December 1644. The reigning emperors and single empress were Go-Mizunoo-tennō (後水尾天皇), Meishō-tennō (明正天皇) and Go-Kōmyō-tennō (後光明天皇).
Corydoras cortesi
Corydoras cortesi is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae, the corys, of the family Callichthyidae, the armoured catfishes. This species is endemic to Colombia where it is found in the Meta and Arauca rivers.

Arauca River
The Arauca River (Spanish: Río Arauca) rises in the Andes Mountains of north-central Colombia and ends at the Orinoco in Venezuela.  For part of its run it is the boundary between Colombia and Venezuela.  The major city on its banks is Arauca, Colombia and El Amparo, Venezuela.
Étienne Roth
Étienne Georges Alfred Roth  (born 5 June 1922 in Strasbourg, died 19 March 2009 in Sèvres) was a French nuclear chemist, son of Professor George Roth and Marguerite Neymarck.

From 1980-87 Roth served as the Director of Research for the separations and isotopic studies of Physical Chemistry Division (1980–87) at the Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission. During his scientific career he was a visiting Scientist at US Brookhaven National Laboratory (1957-1958), Chairman of the Atomic Weights Commission (1976-1979). In his career, Roth has authored more than one hundred and fifty scientific articles and several books on applied nuclear chemistry, and has invented several methods for industrial separation of isotopes.

The Prix Étienne Roth was established in his honour.

French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) (French: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives) is a French public government-funded research organisation in the areas of energy, defense and security, information technologies and health technologies. The CEA maintains a cross-disciplinary culture of engineers and researchers, building on the synergies between fundamental and technological research.

CEA is headed by a board headed by the general administrator (currently François Jacq since 20 April 2018), advised by the high-commissioner for atomic energy (currently Patrick Landais). Its yearly budget amounts to €5.8 billion and its permanent staff is slightly over 21,000 persons.
Mendel Kaplan (philanthropist)
Mendel Kaplan (16 June 1936 – 19 November 2009) was a South African Jewish industrialist and philanthropist. He was an executive in Cape Gate manufacturing company.

Mendel Kaplan was born in South Africa. After graduating from Wynberg Boys' High, he received a degree in law from the University of Cape Town in 1958 and an MBA from Columbia University in 1960.

Kaplan was the honorary president of Keren Hayesod and a former chairman of the Jewish Agency's Board of Governors. He financed numerous philanthropic projects in South Africa, Israel and Jewish communities around the world. In 1980, he founded the Isaac and Jessie Kaplan Centre for Jewish Studies at the University of Cape Town. In 2000, he established the South African Jewish Museum.

Kaplan was an Israeli citizen and owned two homes in Israel.

He was a keen rugby union fan, and helped set up the South African Jewish Museum.

Kaplan died of a stroke on 19 November 2009.

Wynberg Boys' High School
Wynberg Boys' High School is a public English medium boys high school situated in the suburb of Wynberg of  Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Founded in 1841, it is one of the best academic schools in Cape Town, it is believed by scholars and old boys to be the second-oldest school in South Africa, however, there are several schools that were established at earlier dates as far back as 1738.
Keyboard Sonata, K. 141 (Scarlatti)
The Keyboard Sonata in D minor, K. 141, is a solo keyboard sonata written for harpsichord by the Italian composer Domenico Scarlatti. The sonata is characterised by fast repeated notes throughout, which makes it generally difficult to play. Because of its virtuosity, the piece is also described as a toccata. The piece contains many idioms characteristic of Scarlatti, such as hand crossing, a technique most closely associated with the composer. The piece is in D minor, which is Scarlatti's most used minor key. Scarlatti's sonata shows a Spanish influence, especially of Spanish dance music with guitar technique and syncopated rhythms.

Toccata
Toccata (from Italian toccare, literally, "to touch", with "toccata" being the action of touching) is a virtuoso piece of music typically for a keyboard or plucked string instrument featuring fast-moving, lightly fingered or otherwise virtuosic passages or sections, with or without imitative or fugal interludes, generally emphasizing the dexterity of the performer's fingers. Less frequently, the name is applied to works for multiple instruments (the opening of Claudio Monteverdi's opera L'Orfeo being a notable example).
Goldthwaite (surname)
Goldthwaite is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Goldthwaite (1921–1997), American politician

Anne Goldthwaite (1869–1944), American painter

George Goldthwaite (1809–1879), American politician

Nellie Esther Goldthwaite (1868–1946), American food chemist

Henry Goldthwaite (1802–1847), American jurist

Kevin Goldthwaite (born 1982), American soccer player

Henry Goldthwaite
Henry Barnes Goldthwaite (April 10, 1802 – October 19, 1847) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama, having been appointed in 1837 and reelected until his death in 1847.

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Goldthwaite ran for Congress as a Democrat in 1842, but was defeated by the incumbent, James Dellet. He was the brother of Senator George Goldthwaite.

In 1843, Goldthwaite resigned to run for Congress, but was defeated in the general election. He then "became a candidate for his previous place on the Court, defeating Judge Clay before the General Assembly".

Goldthwaite died in Mobile, Alabama, of yellow fever, at the age of 45, and was buried at Magnolia Cemetery.
Fowler Mountain
Fowler Mountain, est. 750 feet (230 m), is a traprock mountain located 7 miles (11 km) southeast of the center of Meriden, Connecticut. It is part of the narrow, linear Metacomet Ridge that extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, Connecticut, north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. Fowler Mountain is known for its rugged topography, unique microclimate ecosystems, and rare plant communities. It rises steeply 300 feet (91 m) above the Ulbrich Reservoir and the Quinnipiac River valley to the west. The mountain is traversed by the 50-mile (80 km) Mattabesett Trail.

Meriden, Connecticut
Meriden (/ˈmɛərədɪn/ MAIR-ə-din) is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, located halfway between the regional cities of New Haven and Hartford. The city is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. In 2020, the population of the city was 60,850.
Chikushi Station
Chikushi Station (筑紫駅, Chikushi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Nishi-Nippon Railroad (NNR), and has station number T17.

Nishi-Nippon Railroad
The Nishi-Nippon Railroad Company, Ltd. (西日本鉄道株式会社, Nishinippon Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), also called Nishitetsu (西鉄) or NNR, TYO: 9031 is one of Japan's "Big 16" private railroad companies. With headquarters in Fukuoka, it operates local and highway buses, supermarkets, real estate and travel agencies, as well as railways in Fukuoka Prefecture. It also owns the Chikuhō Electric Railroad.

In addition, in 1943 the company owned the Nishitetsu Baseball Club, a team in the Japanese Baseball League. From 1950 to 1972, the company owned the Lions (in 1950, known as the Clippers), a Pacific League baseball team.

The company introduced nimoca, a smart card ticketing system, in May 2008.
Lilas Desquiron
Lilas Desquiron (born 1946) is a Haitian-born writer and ethnologist. From 2001 to 2004, she served as Minister of Culture and Communications in the government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

She was born in Port-au-Prince; her family came from Jérémie. From 1966 to 1970, she studied ethnology in Brussels and Paris, specializing in Afro-American religions. She later returned to France.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Cassius Scaeva
Cassius Scaeva was a centurion of Caesar's 6th legion. Scaeva fought in the Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC) in his fort, and when his cohorts senior centurions were injured, Scaeva took command. He fought back and repelled the attacking Pompeian cohorts, despite being, in the words of Suetonius, "blinded in one eye, wounded in thigh and shoulder, and with no fewer than 120 holes in his shield." (According to Plutarch, the number of arrows in Scaeva's shield was 130; according to Caesar, 230.) When Caesar arrived, he awarded Scaeva primus pilus status.

Scutum
The scutum (Classical Latin: [ˈskuːt̪ʊ̃]; pl.:scuta) was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, most notably by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC.

The Romans adopted it when they switched from the military formation of the hoplite phalanx of the Greeks to the formation with maniples (Latin: manipuli). In the former, the soldiers carried a round shield, which the Romans called a clipeus. In the latter, they used the scutum, which was larger. Originally, it was oblong and convex, but by the first century BC, it had developed into the rectangular, semi-cylindrical shield that is popularly associated with the scutum in modern times. This was not the only kind the Romans used; Roman shields were of varying types depending on the role of the soldier who carried it. Oval, circular and rectangular shapes were used throughout Roman history.