hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cecil Austen
Victor Cecil Austen (30 November 1918 – 29 October 2017) was an Australian sportsman who played first-class cricket for South Australia and Australian rules football in the Victorian Football League (VFL) with Hawthorn.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.
Paul Kalmanovitz
Paul Kalmanovitz (1905–1987) was a millionaire brewing and real estate magnate best known for owning all or part of several national breweries and their products, including Falstaff Brewing Company and Pabst Brewing Company. Most of the Kalmanovitz Estate was left to create a charitable foundation for hospitals and universities.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Madonna and Child (Gentile da Fabriano, Settignano)
Madonna and Child is the only surviving fragment of a larger tempera and gold on panel painting by the Italian artist Gentile da Fabriano, executed c. 1423–1425. It is now in the Berenson collection at Villa I Tatti in Settignano. It is dated to the artist's Florentine period due to stylistic similarities with the Madonnas in his Quaratesi Polyptych and Yale Madonna

It was probably cut from the original work in the 18th or 19th century to save the best-preserved part of an otherwise deteriorated or damaged painting (burn marks are still visible) before selling it on the art market. Berenson found it in an antiques show in Rome and acquired it for his own collection early in the 20th century.

Bernard Berenson
Bernard Berenson (June 26, 1865 – October 6, 1959) was an American art historian specializing in the Renaissance. His book The Drawings of the Florentine Painters was an international success. His wife Mary is thought to have had a large hand in some of the writings.

Berenson was a major figure in the attribution of Old Masters, at a time when these were attracting new interest by American collectors, and his judgments were widely respected in the art world.
Müllheim–Mulhouse railway
The Müllheim–Mulhouse railway is a 22.140 km-long single-track railway, crossing the Upper Rhine between Baden, Germany and Alsace, France. The whole line is electrified with catenary, using different national electrification standards on either side of the Rhine. It branches off the Rhine Valley Railway (Rheintalbahn) in Müllheim and it connects with the Paris–Mulhouse railway and the Strasbourg–Basel railway in Mulhouse.

Since the closure of the Freiburg–Colmar railway, it is the only railway that crosses the Rhine between Strasbourg and Basel and thus it is an important connection between Freiburg im Breisgau and Alsace. Scheduled passenger services resumed on the line on 9 December 2012, after services had been abandoned in 1980. Since August 2013, TGV services have run on the Freiburg Hauptbahnhof–Paris Gare de Lyon route over the line.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
100 Avenue
100 Avenue is a major arterial road in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

The road starts as Stony Plain Road (Alberta Highway 16A), and as it approaches Anthony Henday Drive it separates into westbound and eastbound one-way streets. The westbound lanes occupy the 101 Avenue alignment, keeping the name Stony Plain Road, while the eastbound street becomes 100 Avenue. 100 Avenue passes through a commercial area, through the major intersection of 170 Street and Mayfield Road, before becoming its own two-way street at 163 Street; it is also known as John and Zita Rosen Way between 178 Street and 170 Street. It passes by MacEwan University Centre for the Arts Campus before arterial 149 Street, which can be used to get back on Stony Plain Road if one were on the way to downtown.

MacEwan University
Grant MacEwan University, commonly known as MacEwan University, is a public university located in downtown Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Originally established as a community college which was named in honour of Dr. Grant MacEwan, 9th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta in 1971, Grant MacEwan College officially transitioned into a university in 2009 under the Post-Secondary Learning Act. While the university's name was rebranded as MacEwan University for public communication and marketing purposes in 2013, its official name remains Grant MacEwan University. MacEwan university offers a wide range of programs and is home to six faculties and schools, providing nearly 60 programs including baccalaureate degrees, certificates, diplomas, post-diplomas and university transfer programs.
Hi FM
Hi FM is a radio station in Oman programming an English-language Top 40 radio format. It is privately owned by Entertainment Network SAOC alongside Arabic-language music station Hala FM. The studios are located in the Muscat Grand Mall.

In 2015, coverage of Hi FM and Hala FM was extended throughout Oman, making them the first private stations with national coverage. Seven transmitters are located in the north, with the only transmitter in southern Oman located at Salalah in the Dhofar Governorate.

Presenters include Robin Banks, who left 107 Jack FM in Berkshire, England, to become Hi FM's program director in 2016.

Salalah
Salalah (Arabic: صَلَالَة, romanized: Ṣalālah) is the capital and largest city of the southern Omani governorate of Dhofar. It has a population close to 331,949.

Salalah is the third-largest city in the Sultanate of Oman, and the largest city in the Dhofar province. Salalah is the birthplace of former Omani Sultan Qaboos bin Said. Salalah attracts many tourists from other parts of Oman and from abroad during the monsoon/khareef season, from June to September. The climate of the region and the monsoon allow the city to grow some vegetables and fruits like coconut and bananas. There are many gardens within the city where these vegetables and fruits grow.
Athletics at the 2025 Pacific Mini Games
The athletics competition at the 2025 Pacific Mini Games was held from July 4 to 9, 2025 at the National Stadium in Koror, Palau. The sport of athletics at these Games was split into three distinct sets of events: track and field events, road running events and para-events. A total of 52 events were held with the addition of a mixed relay event. The 3000m steeplechase and pole vault events were not contested.

National Stadium (Palau)
The Palau National Stadium (PCC Track & Field Stadium) is a multi-purpose sports stadium in Koror City, Palau.  It is used primarily for track and field events as well as many football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 4,000.
Disk staging
Disk staging is using disks as an additional, temporary stage of backup process before finally storing backup to tape.  Backups stay on disk typically for a day or a week, before being copied to tape in a background process and deleted afterwards.

The process of disk staging is controlled by the same software that performs actual backups, which is different from virtual tape library where intermediate disk usage is hidden from main backup software. Both techniques are known as D2D2T (disk-to-disk-to-tape).

Tape drive
A tape drive is a data storage device that reads and writes data on a magnetic tape. Magnetic-tape data storage is typically used for offline, archival data storage. Tape media generally has a favorable unit cost and long archival stability.

A tape drive provides sequential access storage, unlike a hard disk drive, which provides direct access storage. A disk drive can move to any position on the disk in a few milliseconds, but a tape drive must physically wind tape between reels to read any one particular piece of data. As a result, tape drives have very large average access times. However, tape drives can stream data very quickly off a tape when the required position has been reached. For example, as of 2017 Linear Tape-Open (LTO) supports continuous data transfer rates of up to 360 MB/s, a rate comparable to hard disk drives.
Battle of Fort Necessity
The Battle of Fort Necessity, also known as the Battle of the Great Meadows, took place on July 3, 1754, in present-day Farmington in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The engagement, along with a May 28 skirmish known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen, was the first military combat experience for George Washington, who was later selected as commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia.

The Battle of Fort Necessity began the French and Indian War, which later spiraled into the global conflict known as the Seven Years' War. Washington built Fort Necessity on an alpine meadow west of the summit of a pass through the Laurel Highlands of the Allegheny Mountains.  Another pass nearby leads to Confluence, Pennsylvania; to the west, Nemacolin's Trail begins its descent to Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and other parts of Fayette County along the relatively low altitudes of the Allegheny Plateau.

Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Fayette County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in southwestern Pennsylvania, adjacent to Maryland and West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 128,804. Its county seat is Uniontown. The county was created on September 26, 1783, from part of Westmoreland County and named after the Marquis de Lafayette. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Fayette County is part of the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The southern border of Fayette County is the southern border of Pennsylvania at both the Pennsylvania–Maryland state line (the Mason–Dixon line) and the Pennsylvania–West Virginia state line.
Rhett Hall
Rhett Floyd Hall (born December 5, 1968) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive lineman for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, San Francisco 49ers, and Philadelphia Eagles. He played in Super Bowl XXIX for the 49ers. He played college football for the California Golden Bears and was selected in the sixth round of the 1991 NFL draft.

Hall's son Cade played defensive line for the San Jose State Spartans. In 2020, Cade led the Mountain West Conference in sacks and was named MWC Defensive Player of the Year.

1991 NFL draft
The 1991 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 21–22, 1991, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams elected to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year.

The first six selections of the draft were defensive players, the most in draft history. It began with the Dallas Cowboys using the first overall pick to select Russell Maryland. No previous draft had begun with more than three consecutive defensive picks.

The day of the draft, wide receiver and projected number one pick Raghib Ismail signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was nevertheless selected by the Los Angeles Raiders in the fourth round (100th overall), and began playing with the Raiders in 1993 after two CFL seasons.
Manqoba Kunene
Manqoba Kunene (born 22 October 1982) is a Swazi professional footballer who plays as a midfielder. As of February 2010, he plays for Mbabane Swallows in the Swazi Premier League and has won 11 caps for his country.

Mbabane Swallows F.C.
Mbabane Swallows Football Club is an Eswatini professional football club based in Mbabane. The club was established in 1948. It was the first Eswatini club to participate in the CAF Champions League, when they did it in 2018. Mbabane Swallows regularly play home games in front of thousands of spectators.
Arab speculative fiction
Arab speculative fiction is speculative fiction written by Arabic authors that commonly portrays themes of repression, cyclical violence, and the concept of a utopia long lost by years of destruction. Arab-American speculative fiction is portrayed through the involvement of the United States in the country-specific subgenres of Arabic speculative fiction. Culture specific subgenres have their own distinct themes from one another characterized by the experiences of those within their respective states. Two such states, the land referred to as Palestine, and Egypt, each have themes specific to their individual histories and cultural experiences. Examples of themes in Palestinian speculative fiction include settler occupation, lost futures, and stoicism in the face of opposition, while themes in Egyptian speculative fiction include militant governments, repressed uprisings, and totalitarianism.

Cycle of violence
The term cycle of violence refers to repeated and dangerous acts of violence  as a cyclical pattern,  associated with high emotions and doctrines of retribution or revenge.  The pattern, or cycle, repeats and can happen many times during a relationship. Each phase may last a different length of time, and over time the level of violence may increase. The phrase has been increasingly widespread since first popularized in the 1970s.

It often refers to violent behaviour learned as a child, and then repeated as an adult, therefore continuing on in a perceived cycle.
1874 North Hampshire by-election
The 1874 North Hampshire by-election was fought on 14 March 1874.  The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, George Sclater-Booth, becoming President of the Local Government Board.  It was retained by the incumbent.

President of the Local Government Board
The President of the Local Government Board was a ministerial post, frequently a Cabinet position, in the United Kingdom, established in 1871.  The Local Government Board itself was established in 1871 and took over supervisory functions from the Board of Trade and the Home Office, including the Local Government Act Office, which had been established by the Local Government Act 1858, as well as the Poor Law Board, which it replaced.

The position was abolished in 1919, following the First World War, and the duties transferred to the new position of Minister of Health.
Arthur H. Bird
Arthur Homer Bird (23 July 1856 – 22 December 1923) was an American composer, for many years resident in Germany. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he studied organ and composition in Berlin and spent a year at Weimar with Franz Liszt. He composed a symphonic poem, Eine Karneval-Szene, Op. 5, and a Symphony in A major, Op. 8 (both in 1886); three orchestral suites; some works for wind instruments alone including a Suite in D; some music for the ballet; a comic opera; and some chamber music; he was also commissioned by the Mason and Hamlin company to write a suite of short pieces for the reed organ.

He married Wilhelmine Waldemann in Peterborough, England in 1888.

Bird died while riding on a train in Berlin in 1923.

Wind instrument
A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator (usually a tube) in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set at or near the end of the resonator. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube and by manual modifications of the effective length of the vibrating column of air. In the case of some wind instruments, sound is produced by blowing through a reed; others require buzzing into a metal mouthpiece, while yet others require the player to blow into a hole at an edge, which splits the air column and creates the sound.
Joe Zelenka
Joseph John Zelenka (born March 9, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a long snapper in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons and was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 1999.

Zelenka also played for the Washington Redskins, Jacksonville Jaguars and Atlanta Falcons.

Wake Forest Demon Deacons football
The Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team represents Wake Forest University in the sport of American football. The Demon Deacons compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Wake Forest plays its home football games at Allegacy Federal Credit Union Stadium and is coached by Jake Dickert.

Wake Forest struggled in football for much of the second half of the 20th century. The university is the sixth-smallest school in FBS in terms of undergraduate enrollment (behind only Rice, Tulsa and the three FBS United States service academies). It is also the smallest school playing in a Power Five conference.  However, since the start of the 21st century, the Deacons have been mostly competitive, having made ten bowl games in the first two decades.
Smętowo Chmieleńskie
Smętowo Chmieleńskie [smɛnˈtɔvɔ xmjɛˈlɛɲskʲɛ] (Cashubian Chmieleńsczé Smãtowò) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kartuzy
Gmina Kartuzy is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kartuzy, which lies approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 205.28 square kilometres (79.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 31,100 (out of which the population of Kartuzy amounts to 15,263, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 15,837).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kashubian Landscape Park.
Axullu
Akhullu (Azerbaijani: Axullu; Armenian: Հախլլու, romanized: Hakhlu) or Hartashen (Armenian: Հարթաշեն) is a village in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had an Azerbaijani-majority population prior to their expulsion during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Khojavend District
Khojavend District (Azerbaijani: Xocavənd rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country in the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Shusha, Khojaly, Aghdam, Aghjabadi, Fuzuli, Jabrayil, and Qubadli. Its capital and largest city is Khojavend. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 44,100.
Koiak 26
Koiak 25 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 27

The twenty-sixth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 22, of the Julian calendar, and January 4, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the farming populace in Egypt and used by the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic churches. It was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 11 September 1875 (1st Thout 1592 AM). Like the Julian calendar (and unlike the international Gregorian calendar), the Coptic calendar has a leap year every four years invariably; it does not skip leap years three times every 400 years.
Sene West (Ghana parliament constituency)
Sene West is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It was created before the 2012 Ghanaian general election. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Sene West is located in the Bono East Region of Ghana. It was formed from the Sene constituency which at its inception in 1992, was a constituency in the defunct Brong Ahafo Region. Sene constituency was split into Sene East and Sene West in 2012. The Brong Ahafo Region was also spit into three, Bono, Ahafo and Bono East region. Sene West is now in Bono East.

Brong-Ahafo region
The Brong-Ahafo region was a region in central Ghana. Brong-Ahafo was bordered to the north by the Black Volta river and to the east by the Lake Volta, and to the south by the Ashanti, Eastern and Western regions. The capital of Brong-Ahafo is Sunyani. Brong-Ahafo was created on 14 April 1959 from the then Western Ashanti and named after the main ethnic groups, the Brong and Ahafo. In 2019, as a result of the 2018 Ghanaian new regions referendum, the region was divided into three, namely Bono, Bono East and Ahafo regions, and ceased to exist.
Philippa
Philippa is a feminine given name meaning "lover of horses" or "horses' friend", from the Greek Philippos, which is derived from philein, meaning to love and hippos, meaning horse. The English masculine form is Philip, which was formerly the vernacular form for both sexes. The Latinate Philippa was used in official church records for women bearing the name in medieval times, but they were actually called Philip or the French Philippe. The name Philippa came into common use for women in the Anglosphere in the 1800s. Common alternative spellings include Filippa and Phillipa. Less common is Filipa. The name is commonly shortened to the nicknames Pippa, Pippy, Pippita, Pipka, Pippulina, and Pip.

Notable people with the name Philippa include:

Anglosphere
The Anglosphere, also known as the Anglo-American world, is a sphere of influence among Anglophone countries. The core group of this sphere of influence comprises five developed countries that maintain close social, cultural, political, economic, and military ties with each other: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Anglosphere countries are generally aligned with each other on global issues and collaborate extensively in matters of security, as exemplified by alliances like Five Eyes. The core countries of the Anglosphere are either NATO members or designated by the United States as major non-NATO allies.
Hoyte-Blackman Television
Hoyte-Blackman Television (HBTV Channel 9) was a Guyanese over-the-air television network. The channel gives its name to Noel Blackman, who was a former leader of the People's National Congress Reform.

People's National Congress Reform
The People's National Congress Reform (PNCR) is a social democratic political party in Guyana led by Aubrey Norton. The party currently holds 12 of the 65 seats in the National Assembly. In Guyana's ethnically divided political landscape, the PNCR's support primarily comes from the Afro-Guyanese community.

It is the main component of the A Partnership for National Unity (APNU) coalition with the Alliance for Change (AFC).