hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Earl Reid
William Earl "Bill" Reid (August 13, 1934 – May 28, 2013) was a Canadian politician. He was a political figure in British Columbia, Canada known locally as "Mr. Surrey". He represented Surrey from 1983 to 1986 and Surrey-White Rock-Cloverdale from 1986 to 1991 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Social Credit member. "That was the best job I ever had in my whole life," said Reid. "I was the Minister of Tourism from '86 to '91, when Expo 86 was on and we had the best place in the world to visit."

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Black River, Ontario
Black River is an unincorporated Dispersed Rural Community in the municipality of South Stormont, United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Ontario Highway 401 and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the community of Long Sault, and is on the Raisin River.

United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
The United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry (SDG) is a county and census division in the Canadian province of Ontario, that comprises three historical counties. The county's administrative office is located within the City of Cornwall, which, together with the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne, is geographically within the county but administered independently.

The United Counties of SDG borders Quebec to the east and New York in the United States to the south. The sovereign Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne straddles both borders, thus including territory partly within Ontario, Quebec and New York.
Euler filter
In computer graphics, an Euler filter is a filter intended to prevent gimbal lock and related discontinuities in animation data sets in which rotation is expressed in terms of Euler angles.

These discontinuities are caused by the existence of many-to-one mappings between the Euler angle parameterization of the set of 3D rotations. This allows the data set to flip between different Euler angle combinations which correspond to a single 3D rotation, which, although remaining continuous in the space of rotation, are discontinuous in the Euler angle parameter space.

The Euler filter chooses on a sample-by-sample basis between the possible Euler angle representations of each 3D rotation in the data set in such a way as to preserve the continuity of the Euler angle time series, without changing the actual 3D rotations.

Euler filtering is available in a number of 3D animation packages.

Gimbal lock
Gimbal lock is the loss of one degree of freedom in a multi-dimensional mechanism at certain alignments of the axes. In a three-dimensional three-gimbal mechanism, gimbal lock occurs when the axes of two of the gimbals are driven into a parallel configuration, "locking" the system into rotation in a degenerate two-dimensional space.

The term can be misleading in the sense that none of the individual gimbals is actually restrained. All three gimbals can still rotate freely about their respective axes of suspension. Nevertheless, because of the parallel orientation of two of the gimbals' axes, there is no gimbal available to accommodate rotation about one axis, leaving the suspended object effectively locked (i.e. unable to rotate) around that axis.

The problem can be generalized to other contexts, where a coordinate system loses definition of one of its variables at certain values of the other variables.
46th Arkansas Infantry (Mounted)
The 46th Arkansas Infantry (Mounted) (1864–1865) was a Confederate Army Mounted Infantry regiment during the American Civil War. While authorized by the State Military Board as an infantry regiment, the unit was mounted for Price's Missouri Expedition and served as mounted infantry. Due to its mounted status, the unit is sometimes referred to as the 46th Arkansas Cavalry when a numerical designation is used. The unit is almost always referred to as either Coleman's Arkansas Cavalry Regiment or Crabtree's Cavalry in official reports from the period.

Mounted infantry
Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching. Unlike cavalry, mounted infantry dismounted to fight on foot.  The original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911), "Mounted rifles are half cavalry, mounted infantry merely specially mobile infantry." Today, with motor vehicles having replaced horses for military transport, the motorized infantry are in some respects successors to mounted infantry.
Timothy Omundson
Timothy Michael Omundson (born July 29, 1969) is an American actor. He is notable for his supporting roles as Sean Potter on the CBS television series Judging Amy, Eli on the syndicated series Xena: Warrior Princess, Carlton Lassiter in Psych, King Richard on the ABC musical comedy series Galavant, and Cain in The CW's Supernatural.

Cain
Cain is a biblical figure in the Book of Genesis within Abrahamic religions. He is the elder brother of Abel, and the firstborn son of Adam and Eve, the first couple within the Bible. He was a farmer who gave an offering of his crops to God. However, God was not pleased and favored Abel's offering over Cain's. Out of jealousy, Cain killed his brother, for which he was punished by God with the curse and mark of Cain. He had several descendants, starting with his son Enoch and including Lamech.

The narrative is notably unclear on God's reason for rejecting Cain's sacrifice. Some traditional interpretations within Abrahamic religions consider Cain to be the originator of evil, violence, or greed.
1997 Gerry Weber Open – Doubles
Byron Black and Grant Connell were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Karsten Braasch and Michael Stich won the title, defeating David Adams and Marius Barnard 7–6, 6–3 in the final.

David Adams (tennis)
David Dixie Adams (born 5 January 1970) is a former tennis player from South Africa. He turned professional in 1989. In his career, he won 19 doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional 33 times, including at the French Open in 1992. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 9 in February 1994.

Adams participated in six Davis Cup ties for South Africa between 1997 and 2003, posting a 4–2 record, all in doubles.

Adams won two Grand Slam titles in mixed doubles, both with fellow South African Mariaan de Swardt, taking the Australian Open title in 1999 and the French Open title in 2000.
AD 39
AD 39 (XXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Caesianus (or, less frequently, year 792 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 39 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Apronia gens
The gens Apronia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome throughout the history of the Republic and into imperial times.  The first member of the gens to achieve prominence was Gaius Apronius, tribune of the plebs in 449 BC.  None of the Apronii obtained the consulship until the first century AD.
Sommelier India
Sommelier India - The Wine Magazine is an Indian wine magazine dedicated to wine and the culture surrounding wine. The magazine was founded by Reva K. Singh and Shiv Bir Singh.  International and Indian wine writers contribute to Sommelier India. This includes two Master of Wine one of whom is wine writer and critic Jancis Robinson. The magazine has been in publication since September 2005. Each issue is approximately 80 pages and is written by Indian and International wine writers.

The magazine also organises Sommelier India Wine Competition (SIWC) for wines imported and domestically produced in India. The competition used to be judged by a panel of judges led by Steven Spurrier.

Sommelier India is owned by Consolidated Media Int.

Steven Spurrier (wine merchant)
Steven Spurrier (5 October 1941 – 9 March 2021) was a British wine expert and merchant who was described as a champion of French wine. Spurrier organised the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, which unexpectedly elevated the status of California wine and promoted the expansion of wine production in the New World. He was the founder of the Academie du Vin and Christie's Wine Course, in addition to authoring and co-authoring several wine books.
Mysore day gecko
The Mysore day gecko (Cnemaspis mysoriensis) is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to the Bangalore uplands in Karnataka state, South India. It is rock-dwelling and is found in deciduous forest tracts in mid-hills. This species occurs in Hosur / Krishnagiri hills of Tamil Nadu and Bangarapet Ramnagara and Tumkur districts in Karnataka state.

Ramanagara
Ramanagara  is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is approximately 50 kilometres from Bengaluru.

The Bollywood movie Sholay was shot in 1975 at the surrounding hills of Ramanagara now called Ramagiri hills but also has nickname of Sholay hills. Also the 2022 Malayalam film Jana Gana Mana was also shot here.

The town was known as Shamsherabad or Ramserpuram at the ruling time of the Mysorean emperor, Tipu Sultan. It was called Closepet, after Sir Barry Close (1756–1813) in pre-independence times. This name is retained in geology. Then Rahim Nagar or Shamserabad was called Ramanagara. Ramanagara's name was based on the historical story of the Ramayana.
Upper Hat Creek
Upper Hat Creek is a rural locality and ranching community in British Columbia, Canada, located roughly midway between the towns of Cache Creek and Lillooet, located near the headwaters of Hat Creek.  Comprising the upper basin of Hat Creek the area is home to some of the oldest ranches in British Columbia.  At the area's northeastern edge, near Marble Canyon, large lignite deposits have spurred interest since first discovered by prospectors during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush and are the basis of the aborted Hat Creek coal-thermal proposal.  During the gold rush, a trail from Foster Bar led through Upper Hat Creek to the Bonaparte River and then northwards via the Brigade Trail.

Prospecting
Prospecting is the first stage of the geological analysis (followed by exploration) of a territory. It is the search for minerals, fossils, precious metals, or mineral specimens. It is also known as fossicking.

Traditionally prospecting relied on direct observation of mineralization in rock outcrops or in sediments. Modern prospecting also includes the use of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical tools to search for anomalies which can narrow the search area. Once an anomaly has been identified and interpreted to be a potential prospect direct observation can then be focused on this area.

In some areas a prospector must also stake a claim, meaning they must erect posts with the appropriate placards on all four corners of a desired land they wish to prospect and register this claim before they may take samples. In other areas publicly held lands are open to prospecting without staking a mining claim.
Seán Moylan
Seán Moylan (19 November 1889 – 16 November 1957) was an Irish republican who was a senior officer in the Irish Republican Army and later a Fianna Fáil politician. He served as Minister for Agriculture from May 1957 to November 1957, Minister for Education from 1951 to 1954, Minister for Lands from 1943 to 1948, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance from February 1943 to June 1943 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1937 to 1943. He became a Senator from May 1957 to November 1957, after being nominated by the Taoiseach. He was also elected as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1921 to 1923 and from 1932 to 1957.

Minister of State at the Department of Finance
The Minister of State at the Department of Finance is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Finance of the Government of Ireland. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank. The position was created on 1 January 1978, replacing the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance.

The current Minister of State is Robert Troy, TD, who was appointed in January 2025.
Fantastic Max
Fantastic Max is an animated cartoon series, originally aired on the BBC from 1988 to 1990 and created by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Kalisto Ltd., Booker PLC and Tanaka Promotion Co. in association with S4C. It centers on a boy named Maxwell "Fantastic Max" Young who has adventures in outer space with two of his toys: FX, a pull-string alien doll from a planet called Twinkle-Twinkle, and A.B. Sitter, a C-3PO-like android made of blocks.

Android (robot)
An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being, often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids existed only in the domain of science fiction and were frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology have allowed the creation of similar robots in real life.
Sanuki-Aioi Station
Sanuki-Aioi Station (讃岐相生駅, Sanuki-Aioi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Higashikagawa, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "T09".

Shikoku Railway Company
The Shikoku Railway Company, commonly known as JR Shikoku, is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates 855.2 kilometres (531.4 mi) of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has its headquarters in Takamatsu.
Allentown branch
The Allentown branch, also known as the Kutztown branch or the Kutztown industrial track, is a railway line in Pennsylvania. It runs 4 miles (6.4 km) from a junction with the Reading Line at Topton to Kutztown. The line was built in 1870 by the Allentown Railroad and was part of the Reading Company system until 1976. The Kutztown Transportation Authority has owned the line since 2000. The Allentown and Auburn Railroad is the current operator.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
MOMus–Museum of Contemporary Art
MOMus Contemporary, in full MOMus–Museum of Contemporary Art–Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art and State Museum of Contemporary Art Collections, is a contemporary art museum in Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece, located in the area of the Thessaloniki International Fair. It was formerly known as the Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art (MMCA, Greek: Μακεδονικό Μουσείο Σύγχρονης Τέχνης, ΜΜΣΤ).

Thessaloniki International Fair
The Thessaloniki International Fair (Greek: Διεθνής Έκθεση Θεσσαλονίκης, Diethnis Ekthesi Thessalonikis), abbreviated TIF (ΔΕΘ), is an annual international exhibition event held in Thessaloniki, Greece's second-largest city. It has been held in the first week of September since 1926, and its opening is traditionally marked by a series of programmatical statements by the Prime Minister of Greece. The 2020 fair was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the first cancellation since WW2.
Pakistan at the Islamic Solidarity Games
Pakistan has competed at every celebration of the Islamic Solidarity Games. Its athletes have won a total of 23 medals (5 gold, 4 silver, and 14 bronze), which make them ranked 26th in all-time medal table.
Most medals won in a edition was 12 medals in 2017, and most gold medals earned in an edition was 3 golds in 2005.

2005 Islamic Solidarity Games
The 1st Islamic Solidarity Games held in the Islamic holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia from 8–20 April 2005 with an Olympic-style tournament aimed at showing Muslim sports prowess and featuring 6,000 athletes. Only men's events were included on the programme.

Fifty five nations participated in the said "Islamic Olympic Games", hosted by the Saudi cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah and Ta’if.

Prince Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the prince of Mecca, opened the games in a ceremony in which more than 2,600 students participated at King Abdul Aziz Stadium.
CNR Bonnet Carré Spillway-McComb Bridge
The CNR Bonnet Carré Spillway-McComb Bridge is a 1.3 mile (2,092 m or 6,864 ft) bridge that carries Canadian National Railway tracks over the Bonnet Carré Spillway and a portion of Lake Pontchartrain in St. Charles Parish and St. John the Baptist Parish. Its length makes it one of the longest bridges in the world.

The bridge is owned and maintained by the Canadian National Railway and is used by Amtrak passenger trains and Canadian National Railway freight trains.

In 2011, most likely due to debris hitting the bridge after the opening of the Bonnet Carré Spillway, 26 feet (7.9 m) of the bridge was damaged and a bridge pier was dislodged.

On February 13, 2016, a fire destroyed over 800 feet (240 m) of the trestle near its southeast end. The damaged segment was quickly rebuilt and reopened to rail traffic on February 20.

St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
St. John the Baptist Parish (SJBP) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, the population was 42,477. The parish seat is Edgard, an unincorporated area, and the largest city is LaPlace, which is also unincorporated.
Obe Geia
Obadiah "Obe" Geia (born 12 February 1989, in Townsville, Queensland) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who has played in the 2000s. He played for the North Queensland Cowboys in the National Rugby League (NRL), as a wing.

While attending Kirwan State High School he played for the Australian schoolboys side, and was the team's top try-scorer on the 2006 tour of Great Britain. He went on to play two matches for the North Queensland Cowboys in the NRL, becoming the first person from the Aboriginal community of Palm Island to do so. An annual schoolboy rugby league tournament is held on Palm Island in his name.

Australian Schoolboys
The Australian Schoolboys refer to junior teams that represent Australia in various sports.  The name is mainly used in rugby league, rugby union and baseball. Other popular team sports in Australia such as cricket, basketball, association football (soccer) and Australian rules football generally use age related team names, such as Under 18s, rather than the schoolboys title.

Baseball

Australian Schoolboys national baseball team

Rugby league

Australia national schoolboy rugby league team

Rugby union

Australia national schoolboy rugby union team
Zeller See (Lake Constance)
The Zeller See (Standard German of Germany; Swiss Standard German: Zellersee; could be translated as "Lake of Radolfzell") is part of the Lower Lake, the lower part of Lake Constance. It lies in the bay of Radolfzell, and between the peninsula of Mettnau to the north and the peninsula of Höri to the south. To the west it is bounded by the ried of the Radolfzeller Aach.

The Zeller See has a maximum depth of 22 metres.

German Standard German
German Standard German, Standard German of Germany, or High German of Germany, is the variety of Standard German that is written and spoken in Germany. It is the variety of German most commonly taught to foreigners.
It is not uniform, which means it has considerable regional variation. Linguist Anthony Fox writes that British English is more standardized than German Standard German.
Črna Prst
Črna Prst is a mountain in the southeastern Julian Alps, on the edge of Triglav National Park in Slovenia. Standing at 1,844 metres (6,050 ft), it is the 370th–highest peak in Slovenia. During the interwar period, the mountain ridge formed part of the border between Italy and Yugoslavia.

Triglav National Park
Triglav National Park (TNP; Slovene: Triglavski narodni park, TNP) is the only national park in Slovenia. It was established in its modern form in 1981 and is located in the northwestern part of the country, respectively the southeastern part of the Alpine massif. Mount Triglav, the highest peak of the Julian Alps, stands almost in the middle of the national park. From there the valleys spread out radially, supplying water to two large river systems with their sources in the Julian Alps: the Soča and the Sava, flowing to the Adriatic and Black Sea, respectively.
North Dakota Highway 41
North Dakota Highway 41 (ND 41) is an 86.222-mile-long (138.761 km) north–south state highway in the U.S. state of North Dakota. ND 41's southern terminus is at U.S. Route 83 (US 83) north of Wilton, and the northern terminus is at US 2 east of Surrey.

Surrey, North Dakota
Surrey is a town in Ward County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 1,357 at the 2020 census.  Official incorporation of Surrey occurred in 1951. The city is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Blackwater Smooth Razor
The Blackwater Smooth Razor was a Philippine 3x3 basketball team which competed in the PBA 3x3, organized by the Philippines' top-flight professional league, Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The team is affiliated with the PBA member franchise team Blackwater Bossing.

3x3 basketball
3x3 basketball (stylized as ƐX3, pronounced three-ex-three) is a variation of basketball played three-a-side, with one backboard and in a half-court setup. This basketball game format is currently being promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's governing body. Its primary competition is an annual FIBA 3X3 World Tour, comprising a series of Masters and one Final tournament, and awarding six-figure prize money in US dollars. The FIBA 3x3 World Cups for men and women are the highest tournaments for national 3x3 teams. The 3x3 format has been adopted for both the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games.