hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galium × carmineum
Galium × carmineum, common name carmine bedstraw, is a species of the Rubiaceae. It is apparently of hybrid origin though established in the wild, a 3-way cross between G. anisophyllon × G. pumilum × G. rubrum. It is native to mountainous regions of France, Switzerland and Italy (Lombardia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Toscana).

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Chouan
Chouan (French pronunciation: [ʃwɑ̃] ⓘ, "the silent one", or "owl") is a French nickname.  It was used as a nom de guerre by the Chouan brothers, most notably Jean Cottereau, better known as Jean Chouan, who led a major revolt in Bas-Maine against the French Revolution. Participants in this revolt – and to some extent French anti-revolutionary activists in general – came to be known as Chouans, and the revolt itself came to be known as the Chouannerie.

Mayenne
Mayenne (French: [majɛn] ⓘ) is a landlocked department in northwest France named after the river Mayenne. Mayenne is part of the administrative region of Pays de la Loire and is surrounded by the departments of Manche, Orne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, and Ille-et-Vilaine.

Mayenne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. The northern two thirds correspond to the western part of the former province of Maine. The southern third of Mayenne corresponds to the northern portion of the old province of Anjou. The inhabitants of the department are called Mayennais. It had a population of 307,062 in 2019.
Alcester Academy
Alcester Academy (formerly known as Alcester High School Technology College) is a state secondary school that educates girls and boys aged between 11 and 16, in Alcester, Warwickshire, England. It serves both Alcester and other surrounding villages such as Bidford-on-Avon.

Bidford-on-Avon
Bidford-on-Avon is a large village and civil parish in the English county of Warwickshire, very close to the border with Worcestershire. In the 2001 census it had a population of 4,830, increasing to 5,350 at the 2011 census, increasing again to 6,818 in the 2021 census.
Jakub Surovec
Jakub Surovec, more commonly known in Poland as Jakub Surowiec (born in 1715 in Tisovec, Kingdom of Hungary; died on 11 October 1740 in Brezno) was a Slovak outlaw, one of the most famous in the country. Along with his group, he engaged in banditry across significant areas of the Central and Inner Western Carpathians. Challenging the feudal system, he gained considerable recognition among the impoverished population. After capturing Surovec, Austrian authorities sentenced him to death. Tales of him made their way into fiction; he is portrayed in a significant number of Polish and Slovak works of art depicting outlaw themes. He is often mistakenly believed to be associated with Juraj Jánošík.

Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian Mountains system.

Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.

To generalize, there are three major provinces (regions): Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and the Southern Carpathians.
Metalasia tenuis
Metalasia tenuis is a semi-shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family. The species is endemic to South Africa and occurs in the Western Cape in the Riviersonderend Mountains, west of Genadendal to Riviersonderend, as well as in the Swartberg Mountains at Caledon. There are three known populations and the plant has a range of 400 km². The species is part of the fynbos and occurs at altitudes of 100-1000 m. The species is threatened by invasive plants.

Riviersonderend Mountains
The Riviersonderend Mountains are a mountain range in the Cape Fold Belt of the Western Cape province of South Africa. They run east to west from Riviersonderend to Villiersdorp, separating the Breede River Valley from the Overberg region. They are composed of Table Mountain Sandstone and attain a maximum height near McGregor and Riviersonderend as Pilaarkop (Afrikaans: Pillar Head (1654m)). The ranges are rich in fynbos flora and experience a typical Mediterranean climate.

The name stems from the Sonderend River, and was originally a literal translation of the Khoi-khoi name "Kannakamkanna" ("river without end") into Afrikaans.
Vinberg Nature Reserve
56°56′31″N 12°32′51″E﻿ / ﻿56.941941°N 12.547495°E﻿ / 56.941941; 12.547495
Vinberg Nature Reserve (Swedish: 'Vinbergs naturreservat, Vinberg') is a municipal nature reserve in Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, of area 14.02ha. It was established by the municipality in 2003 and managed by it. NUTS code: SE231.

The reserve is located just south of Vinberg locality. Vinån rivulet (tributary of Ätran) flows across the reserve.

Ljungby, Falkenberg
Ljungby is a former parish in Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden.
The name is most likely derived from the conjunction of ljung (Calluna) and by (village). It is confirmed in written sources from at least 1267. Two conurbations exist within the parish borders; Ljungby/Lilla Ljungby and Bergagård. A minor part of Ätrafors is also within the parish boundary.
Jean-Claude Mathis
Jean-Claude Mathis (born August 15, 1939 in Bouzonville, Moselle) was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented the 2nd constituency of Aube from 2002 to 2017, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

Moselle (department)
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] ⓘ) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
USS Richard S. Edwards
USS Richard S. Edwards (DD-950), named for Admiral Richard Stanislaus Edwards USN (1885–1956), was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer built by the Puget Sound Bridge and Dredging Company at Seattle, Washington and launched on 24 September 1957 by Mrs. W. B. Franke; and commissioned 5 February 1959.

Richard S. Edwards served as plane guard for carriers on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf, participated in Sea Dragon operations, patrolled on search and rescue duties and carried out Naval Gunfire Support missions during the Vietnam War and underwent an ASW modernization at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard between 27 February 1970 and 15 January 1971.

Naval gunfire support
Naval gunfire support (NGFS), also known as naval surface fire support (NSFS), or shore bombardment, is the use of naval artillery to provide fire support for amphibious assault and other troops operating within their range. NGFS is one of several disciplines encompassed by the term naval fires. Modern naval gunfire support is one of the three main components of amphibious warfare assault operations support, along with aircraft and ship-launched land-attack missiles. Shipborne guns have been used against shore defences since medieval naval warfare.
Rehnquist (surname)
Rehnquist  is a surname of Swedish origin. The name element "-quist," a variant of Swedish kvist 'twig,' was in the nineteenth century often used to form surnames in combination with words denoting natural features, here apparently with Swedish ren 'strip of land.' Notable people with the surname include:

Björn Rehnquist (born 1978), professional Swedish tennis player

Janet Rehnquist (born 1957), former inspector general of the United States Department of Health and Human Services

Milt Rehnquist (1892–1971), American football offensive lineman in the National Football League

William Rehnquist (1924–2005), American lawyer, jurist, and Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court

Janet Rehnquist
Janet Rehnquist (born  May 4, 1957) is a former inspector general of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (H.H.S.), a prominent Republican, and the daughter of former Chief Justice William Rehnquist.
La manzana de oro
La manzana de oro (lit. 'The golden apple') is a 2022 Spanish-Portuguese comedy film directed by Jaime Chávarri from a screenplay by José Ángel Esteban and Chávarri based on the novel Ávidas pretensiones by Fernando Aramburu. Its cast is led by Adrián Lastra, Marta Nieto, and Sergi López.

Sergi López (actor)
Sergi López i Ayats (born 22 December 1965) is a Spanish actor mostly known for his work on Dirty Pretty Things, Mine Alone, and Pan's Labyrinth. He has developed a substantial career in both Spanish films and French films and is the recipient of multiple accolades, including a César Award for Best Actor, a European Film Award and the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival.

.
Act of parliament
An act of parliament, as a form of primary legislation, is a text of law passed by the legislative body of a jurisdiction (often a parliament or council). In most countries with a parliamentary system of government, acts of parliament begin as a bill, which the legislature votes on. Depending on the structure of government, this text may then be subject to assent or approval from the executive branch.

Council
A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. A council may function as a legislature, especially at a town, city or county/shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or national level are not considered councils. At such levels, there may be no separate executive branch, and the council may effectively represent the entire government. A board of directors might also be denoted as a council.

A committee might also be denoted as a council, though a committee is generally a subordinate body composed of members of a larger body, while a council may not be. Because many schools have a student council, the council is the form of governance with which many people are likely to have their first experience as electors or participants.

A member of a council may be referred to as a councillor or councilperson, or by the gender-specific titles of councilman and councilwoman.
Enhanced 911
Enhanced 911 (E-911 or E911) is a system used in North America to automatically provide the caller's location to 911 dispatchers. 911 is the universal emergency telephone number in the region. In the European Union, a similar system exists known as E112 (where 112 is the emergency access number) and known as eCall when called by a vehicle.

An incoming 911 call is routed to a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), which is a call center operated by the local government. At the PSAP, the call is answered by a specially trained official known as a 9-1-1 dispatcher. The dispatcher's computer receives information from the telephone company about the physical address (for landlines) or geographic coordinates (for wireless) of the caller. This information is used to dispatch police, fire, medical and other services as needed. The planned replacement service is NG911.

Dispatcher
A dispatcher is a communications worker who receives and transmits information to coordinate operations of other personnel and vehicles carrying out a service. Emergency organizations including police departments, fire departments, and emergency medical services departments as well as civilian organizations such as motorcycle couriers, taxicab providers, trucking companies, railroads, bus systems, and public utility companies, use dispatchers to relay information, direct personnel, and coordinate their operations.
Phone theme
A phone theme or phone skin refers to the general look and feel of a mobile phone’s user interface (UI). It includes color schemes for menus and highlights, background images and, for Series 60 (S60) themes, user and folder icons. A theme package contains graphics for one or many changeable components of a mobile phone's UI. Changing a theme only affects the look and feel of the UI and not the entire phone's functions or features.

There are many mobile operating systems which support themes as standard, such as Nokia phones powered by Symbian, Sony Ericsson and Blackberry. Although Google's Android operating system doesn't support themes as standard, there are applications that provide it; aftermarket Android distributions such as CyanogenMod (and its successor LineageOS) along with vendor-specific implementations do offer their own theme engines.

There are sites that offer customization services for phone themes.

Android has different skins.

LineageOS
LineageOS is an open source Android (AOSP)-based operating system for smartphones, tablets, and set-top boxes. It is community-developed and serves as the successor to CyanogenMod, from which it was forked in December 2016. As of 2025, there are about 4.5 million devices running LineageOS.
Man's Search for Happiness
Man's Search for Happiness is a 13-minute film produced by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It explains the role of the plan of salvation in Mormon theology, with questions like "Who am I?", "Where did I come from?", and "Where am I going?" being explored from a Mormon perspective.

This film was produced by the BYU Motion Picture Studio for the Mormon Pavilion at the 1964 World's Fair in New York City, and was viewed by over five million people, many of whom were not LDS. It was later remade in Japanese for Expo '70 in Japan. In 1986, the visuals and background music were updated, while retaining the original narration by Richard L. Evans, who served as a member of the church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.

LDS Motion Picture Studios
LDS Motion Picture Studios (MPS) is a film studio based in Provo, Utah, and is a directly-managed division of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

The MPS is part of the LDS Church's media production division, which includes producers, editors, animators, sound stages, editing bays, and a collection of 19th-century buildings on a backlot.
Kemal Canbolat
Kemal Canbolat (born April 12, 1994) is a Syrian international basketball player.  He currently plays for Al Wahda Damascus of the Syrian Basketball League.

He has been a member of Syria national basketball team since 2020.

Syria men's national basketball team
Syria national basketball team (Arabic: منتخب سوريا لكرة السلة رجال), nicknamed Nosour Qasioun (Qasioun Eagles),  represents Syria in international basketball competitions. The squad is governed by SBF, and is part of the FIBA Asia zone. Based on the number of overall medals won, Syria is a major force among basketball teams of WABA and ABC. The team has won eight medals at the WABA Championship and five at the Arab Basketball Championship.

Syria has qualified for the FIBA Asia Cup seven times and one time for EuroBasket throughout their history. Their best tournament result was the 4th place finish at the 2001 FIBA Asia Cup. However, Syria still seeks qualification for their first appearance to the FIBA World Cup and Olympics.
Telopea Park School
Telopea Park School (French: Lycée Franco-Australien de Canberra) is a government international primary and secondary school in Canberra, Australia. It is named after the adjacent Telopea Park. It was founded in 1923, making it the oldest school in Canberra. Telopea Park School is one of the few public schools in the Australian Capital Territory to teach students from Kindergarten to Year 10 and is the only bi-national school in Canberra. Recognised in a treaty, it is fully accredited by the French Ministry of Education and offers a bilingual program from Kindergarten to Year 10. It is also one of two high schools in the ACT to be part of the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme, having gained IB membership in 2006.

The school buildings have been heritage-listed by the ACT Heritage Council.

IB Middle Years Programme
The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (MYP) is an educational programme for students between the ages of 11 and 16 around the world as part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) continuum. The Middle Years Programme is intended to prepare students for the three-year IB Diploma Programme and IB Career-related Programmes.

It is used by many schools internationally, and has been available since 1994. It was updated in 2014 and called MYP: New Chapter.

In the Middle Years Programme students are required to receive instruction in all eight subject groups: Language Acquisition, Language and Literature, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, Physical and Health Education, and Design.
ARA Parker (P-44)
ARA Parker (P-44) is the fourth ship of the MEKO 140A16 Espora class of six corvettes built for the Argentine Navy. The ship is the second ship to bear the name of Captain Enrique Guillermo Parker, who fought in the Argentine Navy as its second-in-command during the Cisplatine War.

The Argentine Navy struggles to meet maintenance and training requirements because of financial problems and import restrictions. The status of Parker was not clear, as of November 2012 she was waiting for spares. As of 2021, Parker was scheduled for repair work, and conversion to the offshore patrol role, at the Tandanor state-owned shipyard in Buenos Aires. The work to convert the ship to her new role had been expected to last through 2023. However, as of late 2024 the status of the conversion was unclear and the ship was effectively inactive.

MEKO 140
The MEKO 140 is a frigate/corvette design by the German Blohm + Voss shipyard as part of the MEKO family of vessels. The MEKO 140 is a development of the Portuguese Navy's João Coutinho-class corvettes designed by the Portuguese naval engineer Rogério de Oliveira in the late 1960s – three ships of which were built Blohm + Voss in 1970, as an outsourcing.
The Spanish Rogue
The Spanish Rogue is a 1673 comedy play by the English writer Thomas Duffet. It was first performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane by the King's Company.

The original cast included William Harris as Don Fenise, Edward Lydall as  Don Alonzo, Marmaduke Watson as Don Manuel, Martin Powell as Larasco, John Coysh as Mingo, Philip Griffin as  Sanchez, Elizabeth Boutell as Alcinda, Katherine Corey as Teresa and Elizabeth Knepp as Leonella.

King's Company
The King's Company was one of two enterprises granted the rights to mount theatrical productions in London, after the London theatre closure had been lifted at the start of the English Restoration. It existed from 1660 to 1682, when it merged with the Duke's Company to form the United Company.
Indonesian honorifics
Indonesian honorifics are honorific titles or prefixes used in Indonesia covering formal and informal social, commercial relationships. Family pronouns addressing siblings are used also in informal settings and are usually gender-neutral. Pronouns vary by region/ethnic area and depend on the ethnic group of the person spoken to. In addition to being gender- and ethnic-based, pronouns are often seniority-based and even profession-based.

Properly addressing people in Indonesian is important and learnt from an early age. It is common and expected to call people using a pronoun and their first name.

Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.
Corymbophanes andersoni
Corymbophanes andersoni is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Essequibo River basin, including the Potaro River and Kaieteur Falls. It is found in the main channel of rivers, in areas with a substrate of gravel or cobble. The species reaches 8.6 cm (3.4 inches) SL.

Potaro River
The Potaro River is a river in Guyana that runs from Mount Ayanganna area of the Pakaraima Mountains for approximately 255 km (158 mi) before flowing into the Essequibo River, Guyana's largest river. The renowned Kaieteur Falls is on the Potaro.
Ibn Abbas
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās (Arabic: عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن عَبَّاس; c. 619 – 687 CE), also known as Ibn ʿAbbās, was one of the cousins of the prophet Muhammad.  He is considered to be the greatest mufassir of the Qur'an.

He was the son of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of Muhammad, and a nephew of Maymunah bint al-Harith, who later became Muhammad's wife. During the early struggles for the caliphate, he supported Ali, and was made governor of Basra. He withdrew to Mecca shortly afterwards. During the reign of Mu'awiya I he lived in Hejaz and often travelled to Damascus. After Mu'awiya I died in 680 CE he migrated to At-Ta'if, where he is resting from around 687 CE.

'Abd Allah ibn Abbas was highly regarded for his knowledge of traditions and his critical interpretation of the Qur'an. From early on, he gathered information from other companions of Muhammad and gave classes and wrote commentaries.

Niece and nephew
In the lineal kinship system used in the English-speaking world, a niece or nephew is a child of an individual's sibling or sibling-in-law. A niece is female and a nephew is male, and they would call their parents' siblings aunt or uncle. The gender-neutral term nibling has been used in place of the common terms, especially in specialist literature.

As aunt/uncle and niece/nephew are separated by one generation, they are an example of a second-degree relationship. Unless related by marriage, they are 25% or more related by blood if the aunt/uncle is a full sibling of one of the parents, or 12.5% if they are a half-sibling.