hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shockley diode
The Shockley diode (named after William Shockley) is a four-layer semiconductor diode. It is a PNPN diode with alternating layers of P-type and N-type material. It is equivalent to a thyristor with a disconnected gate. Shockley diodes were manufactured and marketed by Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in the late 1950s. The Shockley diode has a negative resistance characteristic. It was largely superseded by the DIAC.

William Shockley
William Bradford Shockley (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American solid-state physicist. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect."

Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s, California's Silicon Valley became a hotbed of electronics innovation. He recruited brilliant employees, but quickly alienated them with his autocratic and erratic management; they left and founded major companies in the industry.

In his later life, while he was a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University and afterward, Shockley became known as a racist and a eugenicist.
Hășmaș
Hășmaș (Hungarian: Bélhagymás) is a commune in Arad County, Crișana, Romania.

Hășmaș lies in the northern part of the Ineu Basin, at the contact zone of Cărand Hills with Mărăuș Hills and Codru-Moma Mountains, along the river Hășmaș. Its surface is 8,844 hectares. It is composed of six villages: Agrișu Mic (Bélegregy), Botfei (Botfej), Clit (Pusztaklit), Comănești (Kománfalva), Hășmaș (situated at 87 km from Arad) and Urvișu de Beliu (Bélörvényes).

Crișana
Crișana (Romanian: Crișana, Hungarian: Körösvidék, German: Kreischgebiet) is a geographical and historical region of Romania named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is bounded to the east by the Apuseni Mountains, to the south by the Mureș River, to the north by the Someș River, and to the west by the Tisza River, the Romanian-Hungarian border cutting it in two. However, in Hungary, the area between the Tisza River and  the Romanian border is usually known as Tiszántúl.
Salt Brook Academy
Salt Brook Academy is a Junior College, established in 1995, and located in Dibrugarh of Assam, India.

Salt Brook Academy is a co-educational institution with more than 1200 students, in a self-contained campus with all necessary infrastructural facilities. It is situated at Boiragimoth, in the heart of the city Dibrugarh. This institution is run by a society, named Salt Brook Academy Society registered under the Society Act of 1860.
Salt Brook Academy initially was a Junior College of Science stream but soon the academy covered all the three streams, Arts, Science and Commerce, recognized by the Assam Higher Secondary Education Council, vide letter AHSEC/RPR/DIB/C/313/9489, Dt. 11/01/2012.

Elective subjects offered in science stream include Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Computer Science & application, and Statistics. While the core subjects in science stream include English and M.I.L ( Alternative English or Assamese or Hindi )

Assam Higher Secondary Education Council
The Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC) was a state education regulatory board under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Education, Government of Assam that is responsible to regulate, supervise and develop the system of Higher Secondary Education in the State of Assam.
LGBTQ culture in Austin, Texas
Austin, Texas, has one of the most prominent and active LGBTQ populations in the United States. The city was acclaimed by The Advocate in 2012 as part of its Gayest Cities in America, and was recognized by Travel and Leisure as one of America's Best Cities for Gay Travel. Much of Austin's gay nightlife scene is clustered around 4th Street. LGBTQ activism groups Atticus Circle and Equality Texas are headquartered in Austin.

The Advocate (magazine)
The Advocate is an American LGBTQ magazine, printed bi-monthly and available by subscription. The Advocate brand also includes a website. Both magazine and website have an editorial focus on news, politics, opinion, and arts and entertainment of interest to lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people. The magazine, established in 1967, is the oldest and largest LGBTQ publication in the United States and the only surviving one of its kind that was founded before the 1969 Stonewall riots in Manhattan, an uprising that was a major milestone in the LGBTQ rights movement. On June 9, 2022, Pride Media was acquired by Equal Entertainment LLC.
Bower–Barff process
In metallurgy, the Bower–Barff process is a method of coating iron or steel with magnetic iron oxide, such as Fe2O4, in order to minimize atmospheric corrosion.

The articles to be treated are put into a closed retort and a current of superheated steam passed through for twenty minutes followed by a current of producer gas (carbon monoxide), to reduce any higher oxides that may have been formed.

The process is named for George Bower and Frederick S. Barff.

Iron oxide
An iron oxide is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized.  Often they are non-stoichiometric. Ferric oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of which is rust.

Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides are widespread in nature and play an important role in many geological and biological processes.  They are used as iron ores, pigments, catalysts, and in thermite, and occur in hemoglobin. Iron oxides are inexpensive and durable pigments in paints, coatings and colored concretes. Colors commonly available are in the "earthy" end of the yellow/orange/red/brown/black range. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E172.

The earliest applications of paint served purely ornamental purposes. Consequently, pigment lacking any adhesive agent—composed mainly of iron oxide was employed in prehistoric cave art around the 15,000s BC in parts of Asia.
Saint Bilo
Saint Bilo (Welsh: Sant Belyau) was a 5th century saint and one of the 24 daughters of Brychan Brycheiniog. She founded a church in Llanfilo, which is now a village in the community of Felin-fach in Powys.

The head of a neighbouring tribe allegedly tried to abduct and rape her in an attempt to force her to marry him.

Parts of her history are thought to have added to Milburgha's stories of Much Wenlock.

Much Wenlock
Much Wenlock is a market town and parish in Shropshire, England; it is situated on the A458 road between Shrewsbury and Bridgnorth. Nearby, to the north-east, is the Ironbridge Gorge and Telford. The civil parish includes the villages of Homer (1 mile (1.6 km) north of the town), Wyke (2 miles (3 km) north-east), Atterley (2 miles (3 km) south-east), Stretton Westwood (2 miles (3 km) south-west) and Bourton (3 miles (5 km) south-west). The population of the civil parish, according to the 2001 Census, was 2,605, increasing to 2,877 by 2011.

Notable historic attractions in the town are Wenlock Priory, Wenlock Edge, Holy Trinity Church and the Guildhall. The Wenlock Olympian Games, established by William Penny Brookes in 1850, are centred in the town. Brookes is credited as a founding father of the modern Olympic Games and one of the London 2012 Summer Olympics mascots was named Wenlock, after the town.
Teresa Bright
Teresa Bright (1959 or 1960 – September 1, 2024) was an American vocalist and musician of native Hawaiian music who played ukulele and guitar. Her music is popular in Japan as well as in Hawaii and the United States mainland. Much of her repertoire features lyrics in the Hawaiian Language, but she had an extensive jazz and hapa-haole repertoire as well.

Hapa haole music
Hapa haole music (lit. 'half foreign' in Hawaiian) is a genre of Hawaiian music which utilizes primarily English lyrics with themes and instruments attributed to Hawaii, such as the ukulele and steel guitar. Although it has its beginnings in the early 20th century with influences from traditional Hawaiian music and American ragtime, the term "hapa haole" now comprises a wide variety of styles, including swing, rock and roll, and rap. It became greatly popular in the mainland United States in the 1910s, appealing to touristic perceptions of Hawaii as an exotic paradise.
HSBC Bank Egypt
HSBC Bank Egypt SAE is a multinational bank in Egypt, providing a wide range of banking and related financial services through a network of 100 branches and 20 mini bank units in Cairo, Alexandria, Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada and 6th of October City.

6th of October (city)
6th of October is a city in the Giza Governorate, Egypt. It is a satellite city, located adjacent to Giza, and is part of the Greater Cairo region. The city served as the capital of the now-defunct 6th of October Governorate, which was dissolved in 2011. Established as a new city in the desert, 6th of October hosts several local and international educational facilities.
Alan T. Nolan
Alan T. Nolan (19 January 1923, in Evansville, Indiana – 27 July 2008, in Indianapolis) was an American military historian, best remembered for his books The Iron Brigade (1961), Lee Considered: General Robert E. Lee and Civil War History (1991), and "Rally, Once Again!": Selected Civil War Writings (2000). A graduate of Indiana University and Harvard Law School, he was a law clerk under Sherman Minton at the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in Chicago. He would later go on to serve as chairman of the disciplinary committee for the Indiana Supreme Court. A board member of the NAACP, and twice named Sagamore of the Wabash, he was awarded an honorary degree in humane letters from Indiana University, and later served as chairman of the Indiana Historical Society.

Indiana Supreme Court
The Indiana Supreme Court, established by Article 7 of the Indiana Constitution, is the highest judicial authority in the state of Indiana. Located in Indianapolis, the Court's chambers are in the north wing of the Indiana Statehouse.

In December 1816, the Indiana Supreme Court succeeded the General Court of the Indiana Territory as the state's high court. During its long history the Court has heard a number of high-profile cases, including Lasselle v. State (1820). Originally begun as a three-member judicial panel, the Court underwent major reforms in 1852 and 1971, as well as several other reorganizations. Court reforms led to a majority of Supreme Court cases being delegated to lower courts, an enlarged panel of justices, and employment of a large staff to assist as its caseload increases.
North American Open 2013
The North American Open 2013 is the men's edition of the 2013 North American Open, which is a PSA World Series event Gold (prize money: 115 000 $). The event took place at the Westwood Club in Richmond, Virginia in the United States from 25 February to 2 March. Ramy Ashour won his second North American Open trophy, beating Nick Matthew in the final.

Nick Matthew
Nicholas Matthew OBE (born 25 July 1980 in Sheffield) is a former English professional squash player who has won the two most prestigious tournaments in the professional game, the British Open and the World Open, three times each. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 1 in June 2010. His home club is Hallamshire Tennis and Squash Club in Sheffield which has named 'The Nick Matthew Showcourt' after him.

He married Esme Taylor, a sports physiologist who has worked with British Cycling, in 2013 and the couple celebrated the birth of their first child Charlotte Rose on 9 September 2014.
The Moon Under Water, Manchester
The Moon Under Water is a pub in Manchester city centre, England, in the building of the former Deansgate Picture House cinema (an ABC cinema) on Deansgate; it is one of the largest public houses in the United Kingdom. The pub is 8,800 square feet (820 m2) and can hold 1,700 customers.

It is owned by the pub chain JD Wetherspoon who opened it on 15 August 1995, and named it after George Orwell's 1946 essay, "The Moon Under Water", describing his ideal pub. It is one of 15 Wetherspoon pubs with the same name.

The Moon Under Water
"The Moon Under Water" is a 1946 essay by George Orwell, originally published as the Saturday Essay in the Evening Standard on 9 February 1946, in which he provided a detailed description of his ideal public house, the fictitious "Moon Under Water".  It was Orwell's last contribution to the Evening Standard.
Johnny A. Johnson
John Arthur Johnson (born September 26, 1915, date of death unknown), nicknamed "Long John", was an American Negro league pitcher who played between 1938 and 1946.

A native of De Soto Parish, Louisiana, Johnson made his Negro leagues debut in 1938 with the Newark Eagles. He played for the Baltimore Elite Giants the following season, and went on to play for the Homestead Grays during their 1944 Negro World Series championship season. Johnson finished his career with a two-year stint with the New York Black Yankees in 1945 and 1946.

Homestead Grays
The Homestead Grays (also known as Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays) were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.

The team was formed in 1912 by Cumberland Posey, and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in Homestead, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the Monongahela River to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the Pittsburgh Pirates' home Forbes Field and the Pittsburgh Crawfords' home Greenlee Field.

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands. As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.
Dina Sassoli
Dina Sassoli (15 August 1920 – 24 March 2008) was an Italian film actress. She was born on 15 August 1920, in Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. She was best known for her work with Italian director Mario Camerini. She died on 24 March 2008 in Rome, Italy.

Mario Camerini
Mario Camerini (6 February 1895 – 4 February 1981) was an Italian film director and screenwriter.

Camerini began his career in the film industry in 1920, working for his cousin the director Augusto Genina. Camerini went on to direct his own films at Cines Studios. He made the most well-known films in Italy during the 1930s, most of them comedies starring Vittorio De Sica. He directed about fifty films until 1972, including 1954's Ulysses with American stars Kirk Douglas and Anthony Quinn, one of the first Europe/US film co-productions. He died in 1981 in Gardone Rivera.
Anaklasis
Anaklasis is a composition for 42 string instruments and percussion, composed in 1960 by the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki. It was first performed at the Donaueschingen Festival in 1960. At this first performance, it was well received by the audience who demanded an encore.

The title of the piece, Anaklasis means "Refraction of Light". This idea is expressed through the continuous modulation of timbre in the piece. Anaklasis is also a metrical term used in Greek poetry. Penderecki's biographer, Wolfram Schwinger noted that, "Penderecki has indeed admitted, in his programme note for Donaueschingen 1960 when Anaklasis was first performed, that this metrical definition inspired the rhythmic procedure of the central section, and led to the ideas of rotation and arhythmical progressions as factors governing the rhythms generally."

Substitution (poetry)
In English poetry substitution, also known as inversion, is the use of an alien metric foot in a line of otherwise regular metrical pattern. For instance in an iambic line of "da DUM", a trochaic substitution would introduce a foot of "DUM da".
Denver Pavilions
Denver Pavilions is a shopping mall located on the 16th Street Mall in Downtown Denver, Colorado. Originally opened in 1998, the mall has over 40 stores and restaurants.

An open-air mall, the Pavilions takes advantage of Denver's many sunny days. In addition to retail stores, the mall hosts several chain restaurants, including Maggianos, Corner Bakery, Coyote Ugly Saloon, Lucky Strike Lanes, Hard Rock Cafe, and others. The mall also houses a popular, 15-screen movie theater, and there is a large, underground parking garage.

Coyote Ugly Saloon
The Coyote Ugly Saloon is an American drinking establishment and the namesake of an international chain of bars, whose bartenders dance on the bar. It served as the setting for the 2000 movie Coyote Ugly.
Andrew Mitchell (footballer, born 1879)
Andrew Mitchell (1879 – after 1899) was a Scottish footballer. An outside left, he first played for Albion Rovers before transferring to Woolwich Arsenal in 1898. He made his debut against Luton Town on 3 September 1898 and scored the winning goal in a 1–0 win. He played ten league games in 1898–99, but soon fell out of favour and left the club at the end of that season.

Albion Rovers F.C.
Albion Rovers Football Club is a semi-professional football team from Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. They play in the Lowland League, the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system.

Founded in October 1882, the club joined the Scottish Football League in 1903 and, other than four seasons during the First World War when the second tier was abolished, maintained their league membership until they were relegated in the 2022–23 season. During this time, they won three lower division league titles – in 1933–34, 1988–89 and 2014–15; and been promoted on three other occasions – 1937–38, 1947–48 and 2010–11.
1994 Benson and Hedges Open
The 1994 Benson and Hedges Open was a men's professional tennis tournament held in Auckland, New Zealand, that was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the 27th edition of the tournament and was held from 10 January through 17 January 1994. First-seeded Magnus Gustafsson won the singles title.

Patrick McEnroe
Patrick William McEnroe (born July 1, 1966) is an American former professional tennis player, broadcaster, and former captain of the United States Davis Cup team.

Born in Manhasset, New York, he is John McEnroe's youngest brother. He won one singles title and 16 doubles titles, including the 1989 French Open. His career-high rankings were world No. 28 in singles and world No. 3 in doubles.

On May 1, 2023, McEnroe began his tenure as President of the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
Horní Nětčice
Horní Nětčice is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Horní Nětčice lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Přerov, 36 km (22 mi) east of Olomouc, and 246 km (153 mi) east of Prague.

Přerov
Přerov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpr̝̊ɛrof] ⓘ; German: Prerau) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 41,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Bečva River. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the Czech Republic. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Peroneal strike
A peroneal strike is a temporarily disabling blow to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve of the leg, just above the knee. The attacker aims roughly a hand span above the exterior side of the knee, towards the back of the leg. This causes a temporary loss of motor control of the leg, accompanied by numbness and a painful tingling sensation from the point of impact all the way down the leg, usually lasting anywhere from 30 seconds to 5 hours in duration.

The strike is commonly made with the knee, a baton, or shin kick, but can be done by anything forcefully impacting the nerve. The technique is a part of the pressure point control tactics used in martial arts and by law enforcement agents.

The peroneal strike was used against detainees during the 2002 Bagram torture and prisoner abuse scandal.

Hypoesthesia
Hypoesthesia or numbness is a common side effect of various medical conditions that manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli. In everyday speech this is generally referred to as numbness.

Hypoesthesia primarily results from damage to nerves, and from blockages in blood vessels, resulting in ischemic damage to tissues supplied by the blocked blood vessels. This damage is detectable through the use of various imaging studies. Damage in this way is caused by a variety of different illnesses and diseases. A few examples of the most common illnesses and diseases that can cause hypoesthesia as a side effect are as follows:

Decompression sickness

Trigeminal schwannoma

Rhombencephalitis

Intradural extramedullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord

Cutaneous sensory disorder

Beriberi
Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers
Maria Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers (born February 1, 1965) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a United States district judge of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, appointed in 2011 by former President Barack Obama. She was previously a California state court judge on the Alameda County Superior Court from 2008 to 2011.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
Meliadine Gold Mine
The Meliadine Gold Mine is a gold mine near Rankin Inlet in the Kivalliq district of Nunavut, Canada. It is expected that the mine will have two underground components and ten open pits. The mine is operated by Agnico-Eagle Mines and is projected to be in operation until 2032.

Commercial operation on site began May 14, 2019. The main camp of the mining site can accommodate 700 workers. A 31.3 megawatt diesel-fueled powerplant has been constructed for electricity and heating. Among other mining infrastructure facilities to be constructed, the site will include a tailings storage facility, a wastewater treatment plant, and an industrial incinerator.

In March 2021, a report commissioned by Agnico-Eagle found that the mining road to Meliadine is having "virtually no impact" on migrating caribou. The report was met with skepticism by the Kivalliq Inuit Association (KIA), which commissioned its own report alleging that the scope of the study was "narrow and unrealistic".

Agnico Eagle
Agnico Eagle Mines Limited is a Canadian-based gold producer with operations in Canada, Finland, Australia and Mexico and exploration and development activities extending to the United States. Agnico Eagle has full exposure to higher gold prices consistent with its policy of no-forward gold sales. It has paid a cash dividend every year since 1983.