hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois
The 2008 congressional elections in Illinois were held on November 4, 2008, to determine who would represent the State of Illinois in the United States House of Representatives, coinciding with the presidential and U.S. Senate elections. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 111th Congress from January 3, 2009, until January 3, 2011.

Illinois has nineteen seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Its 2007–2008 congressional delegation consisted of eleven Democrats and eight Republicans. It became, following the election, twelve Democrats and seven Republicans. District 11 was the only seat which changed party (from open Republican to Democratic), although CQ Politics had forecast districts 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 18 to be at some risk for the incumbent party.

Will County, Illinois
Will County is located in the northeastern part of the state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 696,355, an increase of 2.8% from 677,560 in 2010, making it Illinois's fourth-most populous county. The county seat is Joliet. Will County is one of the five collar counties of the Chicago metropolitan area. The portion of Will County around Joliet uses area codes 815 and 779, while 630 and 331 are for far northern Will County and 708 is for central and eastern Will County.
Organogallium chemistry
Organogallium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to gallium (Ga) chemical bond. Despite their high toxicity , organogallium compounds have some use in organic synthesis. The compound trimethylgallium is of some relevance to MOCVD as a precursor to gallium arsenide via its reaction with arsine at 700 °C:

Ga(CH3)3 + AsH3 → GaAs + 3CH4

Gallium trichloride is an important reagent for the introduction of gallium into organic compounds.

The main gallium oxidation state is Ga(III), as in all lower group 13 elements (such as aluminium).

Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy
Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE), also known as organometallic vapour-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) or metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), is a chemical vapour deposition method used to produce single- or polycrystalline thin films. It is a process for growing crystalline layers to create complex semiconductor multilayer structures.  In contrast to molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), the growth of crystals is by chemical reaction and not physical deposition.  This takes place not in vacuum, but from the gas phase at moderate pressures (10 to 760 Torr). As such, this technique is preferred for the formation of devices incorporating thermodynamically metastable alloys, and it has become a major process in the manufacture of optoelectronics, such as light-emitting diodes, its most widespread application. It was first demonstrated in 1967 at North American Aviation (later Rockwell International) Autonetics Division in Anaheim CA by Harold M. Manasevit.
The Slightly Irregular Fire Engine or The Hithering Thithering Djinn
The Slightly Irregular Fire Engine or The Hithering Thithering Djinn is a 1971 children's book written by Donald Barthelme. It tells the story of a girl who enters a magical house that appears in her backyard and the characters she meets inside. Barthelme collected the visuals used in the book from 19th-century engravings and then constructed the story around the visuals.

Donald Barthelme
Donald Barthelme Jr. (pronounced BAR-thəl-mee; April 7, 1931 – July 23, 1989) was an American short story writer and novelist known for his playful, postmodernist style of short fiction. Barthelme also worked as a newspaper reporter for the Houston Post, was managing editor of Location magazine, director of the Contemporary Arts Museum in Houston (1961–1962), co-founder of Fiction (with Mark Mirsky and the assistance of Max and Marianne Frisch), and a professor at various universities. He also was one of the original founders of the University of Houston Creative Writing Program.
Philippe Collin
Philippe Collin (born 13 July 1946) is a Belgian former field hockey player and busisnessman. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

He also served as secretary-general of football club RSC Anderlecht from 1996 through late 2017, having joined the club while his uncle Constant Vanden Stock was its chairman. He held the function of chairman of the technical commission of the Belgian FA from 2009 until 2016 as well.

Royal Belgian Football Association
The Royal Belgian Football Association (RBFA; Dutch: Koninklijke Belgische Voetbalbond; French: Union royale belge des sociétés de football association; German: Königlicher Belgischer Fußballverband) is the governing body of football in Belgium. It was a founding member of FIFA in 1904 and UEFA in 1954 and was based in Brussels, not far from the King Baudouin Stadium. Since October 2021, the headquarters of the RBFA are located in Tubize, next to its technical centre. Its chairman is Robert Huygens.
Yersinia intermedia
Yersinia intermedia is a Gram-negative species of bacteria which uses rhamnose, melibiose, and raffinose. Its type strain is strain 3953 (=CIP 80-28 =ATCC 29909 =Bottone 48 =Chester 48). It has been found in fish, and contains several biotypes. It is not considered of clinical relevance, being isolated from humans in a routine manner.

Raffinose
Raffinose is a trisaccharide derived from galactose, glucose, and fructose. Raffinose can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme alpha galactosidase (α-GAL), an enzyme synthesized by bacteria found in the large intestine. α-GAL also hydrolyzes other alpha galactosides such as stachyose, verbascose, and galactinol, if present. In plants, raffinose plays a significant role in stress responses, particularly temperature sensitivity, seed vigour, resistance to pathogens, and desiccation. It can be found in beans, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains.
Nishitonami District, Toyama
Nishitonami (西礪波郡, Nishitonami-gun) was a district located in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

As of November 1, 2004, the district had an estimated population of 13,770 with a density of 234.34 persons per km2. The total area was 58.76 km2.

Oyabe, Toyama
Oyabe (小矢部市, Oyabe-shi) is a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2018, the city had an estimated population of 30,328 in 10,331 households. and a population density of 230 persons per km2. Its total area was 134.07 square kilometres (51.76 sq mi).
Orofino Historic District
The Orofino Historic District is a 5-acre (2.0 ha) historic district in Orofino, Idaho that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is bounded roughly by 2nd, Dewey, Main, Johnson, and 6th Streets in Orofino.

It includes one- and two-story frame houses and commercial buildings developed during 1895–1932. It also includes several lime kilns.

The district's land was homesteaded by Clifford P. Fuller after the Nez Perce Indian Reservation was opened for homesteading in 1895, and his home is included. His development company, the Clearwater Improvement Company, platted the town.

Lime kiln
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

This reaction can take place at anywhere above 840 °C (1,540 °F), but is generally considered to occur at 900 °C (1,650 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 1 atmosphere), but a temperature around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 3.8 atmospheres) is usually used to make the reaction proceed quickly. Excessive temperature is avoided because it produces unreactive, "dead-burned" lime.

Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) can be formed by mixing quicklime with water.
South Spreyton, Tasmania
South Spreyton is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Kentish in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the town of Sheffield. The 2016 census recorded a population of 510 for the state suburb of South Spreyton.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Sittaung Bridge (Moppalin)
The Sittaung Bridge at Moppalin (Burmese: စစ်တောင်းတံတား (မုပ္ပလင်)) is a steel bridge spanning the Sittaung river between Waw, Bago Region and Moppalin, Mon State of Myanmar. The bridge is 729.295 metres (2,392.70 ft) long, and has a capacity of 50 tonnes. It is the second bridge across the Sittaung. The older Sittaung Bridge at Theinzayat cannot serve heavier trucks.

Bago Region
Bago Region (Burmese: ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [bəɡó táɪɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Pegu Division and Bago Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the southern central part of the country. It is bordered by Magway Region and Mandalay Region to the north; Kayin State, Mon State and the Gulf of Martaban to the east; Yangon Region to the south and Ayeyarwady Region and Rakhine State to the west. It is located between 46°45'N and 19°20'N and 94°35'E and 97°10'E. It has a population of 4,867,373 (2014).
Grosshöchstetten railway station
Grosshöchstetten railway station (German: Bahnhof Grosshöchstetten) is a railway station in the municipality of Grosshöchstetten, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is located on the standard gauge Burgdorf–Thun line of BLS AG.

Burgdorf–Thun railway
The  Burgdorf–Thun railway is a railway line in Switzerland, which was built by the Burgdorf-Thun-Bahn (Burgdorf-Thun Railway, BTB). The line from Burgdorf via Konolfingen to Thun was opened by the company in 1899 as the first electrified mainline railway (as distinct from light railway) in Europe. It is now part of BLS AG.
Indie music scene
An independent music scene is a localized independent music-oriented (or, more specifically, indie rock/indie pop-oriented) community of bands and their audiences. Local scenes can play a key role in musical history and lead to the development of influential genres; for example, no wave from New York City, United States; Madchester from Manchester, England; and grunge from Seattle.

Indie scenes are often created as a response to mainstream or popular music. These scenes are created in opposition of mainstream culture and music and often contribute to the formation of oppositional identities among individuals involved in the scene.

Rilo Kiley
Rilo Kiley (/ˈraɪloʊ ˈkaɪli/ RY-loh KY-lee) is an American indie rock band based in Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1998, the band consists of Jenny Lewis, Blake Sennett, Pierre de Reeder, and Jason Boesel.

The group released their debut album Take-Offs and Landings under Seattle-based independent label Barsuk Records in 2001.  After that, they released three additional studio albums and several EPs. In 2007, they were signed with Warner Bros. and subsequently made their major-label debut with the album Under the Blacklight.
Age of Majority Act 1971
The Age of Majority Act 1971 (Malay: Akta Umur Dewasa 1971), is a Malaysian law which was enacted to amend and consolidate the laws relating to the age of majority.

According to the Act, the age of majority is 18 years old, so that below than 18 years old is considered as minor. The age of majority should not be confused with other types of ages (e.g. voting age, marriageable age, age of consent, legal working age, school leaving age, legal driving age, smoking age, legal drinking age, age of criminal responsibility, age of candidacy for political offices, etc.) because different ages are set for these types of ages.

Nothing in this Act shall affect:
(a) the capacity of any person to act in the following matters, namely, marriage, divorce, dower and adoption;
(b) the religion and religious rites and usages of any class of persons within Malaysia;
(c) any provision in any other written law contained fixing the age of majority for the purposes of that written law.

Age of majority
The age of majority is the legal age of adulthood as declared in law. It is the moment when a person ceases to be considered a minor, and assumes legal control over their person, actions, and decisions, gaining rights denied to them prior to that moment, while also terminating the rights a parent has over them.

Most countries set the age of majority at 18, but some jurisdictions have a higher age and others lower. The word majority here refers to having greater years and being of full age as opposed to minority, the state of being a minor. The law in a given jurisdiction may not actually use the term "age of majority". The term refers to a collection of laws bestowing the status of adulthood.
Martin Kotásek
Martin Kotásek (born October 26, 1973) is a Czech former professional ice hockey forward.

Kotásek played 416 games in the Czech Extraliga for HC Zlín, HC Kometa Brno, HC Vítkovice and HC Vsetín. He also played in the Tipsport Liga for HKm Nitra, the Belarusian Extraleague for HC Dinamo Minsk, the Ligue Magnus for Dauphins d'Épinal and the Polska Liga Hokejowa for Podhale Nowy Targ.

Podhale Nowy Targ
Podhale Nowy Targ is a professional ice hockey team based in Nowy Targ, Poland. The team competes in the Polska Hokej Liga, the highest league in Poland. Legally, the team is known as SSA KH Podhale Nowy Targ, and TatrySki Podhale Nowy Targ for sponsorship reasons, while Tauron Podhale Nowy Targ is used from 2020.
2025 Crete Challenger IV – Doubles
Filippo Moroni and Stuart Parker were the defending champions but only Parker chose to defend his title, partnering Vadym Ursu. They lost in the quarterfinals to Stefanos Sakellaridis and Petros Tsitsipas.

Mats Rosenkranz and Harry Wendelken won the title after defeating Victor Vlad Cornea and Patrik Niklas-Salminen 4–6, 6–4, [10–7] in the final.

Stefanos Sakellaridis
Stefanos Sakellaridis (born 13 September 2004) is a Greek tennis player. Sakellaridis has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 220 achieved on 23 February 2026 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 285 achieved on 18 December 2023.
Delta-ring
In mathematics, a non-empty collection of sets  is called a δ-ring (pronounced "delta-ring") if it is closed under union, relative complementation, and countable intersection. The name "delta-ring" originates from the German word for intersection, "Durchschnitt", which is meant to highlight the ring's closure under countable intersection, in contrast to a 𝜎-ring which is closed under countable unions.

Complement (set theory)
In set theory, the complement of a set A, often denoted by  (or A′), is the set of elements not in A.

When all elements in the universe, i.e. all elements under consideration, are considered to be members of a given set U, the absolute complement of A is the set of elements in U that are not in A.

The relative complement of A with respect to a set B, also termed the set difference of B and A, written  is the set of elements in B that are not in A.
Hirohiko Araki
Toshiyuki Araki (Japanese: 荒木 利之, Hepburn: Araki Toshiyuki; born June 7, 1960), better known as Hirohiko Araki (荒木 飛呂彦, Araki Hirohiko), is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for his long-running series JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, which began publication in Weekly Shōnen Jump in 1987 and has over 120 million copies in circulation as of 2022, making it one of the best-selling manga series in history.

Soul'd Out
Soul'd Out (usually styled as SOUL'd OUT) was a Japanese hip-hop trio, consisting of Diggy-MO' (MC), Bro.Hi (MC/Beatboxer), and Shinnosuke (DJ). Their name is a portmanteau of "soul" and "sold out", and the group is sometimes referred to by their initials, S.O.  On 30 January 2014, the group announced on Facebook that they would disband after their final album, To From, was released on 9 April 2014.
Boharina
Boharina (pronounced [bɔxaˈɾiːna]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zreče in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the foothills of the Pohorje Hills, above the left bank of the upper Dravinja River, just north of Zreče. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Dravinja
The Dravinja (German: Drann, pronounced [dʁan] ⓘ) is the largest tributary of the Drava River in Slovenia. It is 73 kilometres (45 mi) long. Its source is on the Pohorje Massif southwest of Mount Rogla about 1,150 m above sea level. The river passes Zreče, the town of Slovenske Konjice, the ruins of the fort at Zbelovo, Poljčane, Makole, Štatenberg Castle, Majšperk, and Videm pri Ptuju, where it merges with the Drava. Its main tributary is the Polskava River.

The Dravinja is the best-preserved lowland river in Slovenia and has been protected as part of the European Natura 2000 network. In addition, the river is distinguished by the Pečnik Mill, which has been proclaimed an ethnological monument.
Larry Gene Heien
Larry Gene Heien (January 18, 1937 – September 12, 1991) was an American linguist, Slavist, expert of Russian studies and Russian language teaching, also known for his interest in music. In 1969 – January 1991 he was assistant professor, later from 1984 full professor of Russian in the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

Slavic studies
Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics, is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic peoples, languages, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was primarily a linguist or philologist researching Slavistics. Increasingly, historians, social scientists, and other humanists who study Slavic cultures and societies have been included in this rubric.

In the United States, Slavic studies is dominated by Russian studies. Ewa Thompson, a professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, described the situation of non-Russian Slavic studies as "invisible and mute".
Martian Summer
Martian Summer: Robot Arms, Cowboy Spacemen, and My 90 Days with the Phoenix Mars Mission is a book written by Andrew Kessler. The book documents Andrew Kessler's three-month stint in mission control of the NASA Phoenix expedition, led by Peter Smith and based at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory of the University of Arizona. The mission attempted (successfully) to locate evidence of water on Mars.

Andrew Kessler is the founder and CEO of Togather.com, an event marketing platform based in DUMBO. Formerly a creative director at HUGE, he co-produced Mars: The Quest for Life on the Discovery Channel and holds a degree in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley. Kessler is currently based in Brooklyn, NY.

Peter Smith (physicist)
Peter H. Smith is a professor emeritus (he retired in 2013) at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory of the University of Arizona, where he holds the inaugural Thomas R. Brown Distinguished Chair in Integrative Science.  He is also the principal investigator for the $420 million robotic explorer Phoenix which landed at the north pole of the planet Mars on May 25, 2008. Peter H. Smith's papers are held at the University of Arizona Special Collections Library.
Speckled Trout Creek (Algoma District)
Speckled Trout Creek is a creek in geographic Labonte Township, Algoma District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is almost entirely in Lake Superior Provincial Park, is in the Great Lakes Basin, and empties into Lake Superior.

Speckled Trout Creek begins at Speckled Trout Lake and heads west under the Algoma Central Railway, to the east of the dispersed rural community of Frater, and enters Lake Superior Provincial Park. It turns southwest, then west, passes under Ontario Highway 17 and reaches Lake Superior.

Unorganized North Algoma District
Unorganized North Algoma District is an unorganized area in northeastern Ontario, Canada, comprising all areas in Algoma District, north of the Sault Ste. Marie to Elliot Lake corridor, which are not part of an incorporated municipality or a First Nation. It covers 43,618.95 km2 (16,841.37 sq mi) of land, and had a population of 6,050 in 2021. Many of these communities were/are stations on the Algoma Central Railway or were logging/mining towns.
The Frank Skinner Show
The Frank Skinner Show is a television chat show hosted by comedian Frank Skinner, which lasted nine series on British television between 1995 and 2005.

As well as celebrity interviews, the shows includes an initial stand-up routine, various sketches throughout the episode and usually concludes with a comedic song featuring Skinner and the guest stars. The Frank Skinner Show became notorious over the years for the unconventional nature of the interviews, including some shocking revelations from the guests.

It was screened on BBC One from its first episode on 10 September 1995 until 3 June 1999.

In 2000, the show moved to ITV. The programme was nominated for a Royal Television Society Award in 2001.

Royal Television Society
The Royal Television Society (RTS) is a British-based educational charity for the discussion, and analysis of television in all its forms, past, present, and future. It is the oldest television society in the world. It currently has fourteen regional and national centres in the UK, as well as a branch in the Republic of Ireland.
Grape arbor (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Grape arbor hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. M43 in Gardiner's subcategory for trees and plants. The hieroglyph shows a horizontal vine with stylized bunches suspended below; each end is supported by the hieroglyph for a "prop", Gardiner no. O30,

The Grape arbor hieroglyph is used in Egyptian hieroglyphs as a determinative, or ideogram for words related to the 'vineyard', i3rrt, or for 'wine', irp; it is also used for describing 'fruit' or 'orchards'.

The hieroglyph is used twice in the Rosetta Stone to refer to the vineyards, at the beginning of the decree listings, and at: remitting "of the grain bushels 5 which were taken on the arura in the field of the gods, and likewise the measure of their wine [which was taken on the arura] in the vineyard." (lines N14-(Nubayrah Stele) and Rosetta, R2)

Arura
Arura (Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα, romanized: aroura) is a Homeric Greek word with original meaning "arable land", derived from the verb ἀρόω (aroō), "plough". The word was also used generally for earth, land and father-land and in plural to describe corn-lands and fields. The term arura was also used to describe a measure of land in ancient Egypt (similar in manner to the acre), a square of 100 Egyptian cubits each way. This measures 2700m² or 2/3 of an acre.  The oldest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek a-ro-u-ra, written in Linear B syllabic script, originally meant "plough".
Grünenberg family
The Grünenberg family was a medieval Swiss noble family. The family was active from the middle of the 12th century until the 15th century in the Swiss Plateau, mostly in the Bernese Oberaargau.  There were two major branches, the Grimme and Schnabel lines which then further divided into other branches. Some of these branches owned land in Alsace and in southern Bavaria, especially in the Markgräflerland and in Breisgau.  About one hundred members of the family are known today.  The family name comes from Grünenberg Castle in Melchnau in the Canton of Bern.

Swiss Plateau
The Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau is one of the three major landscapes in Switzerland, lying between the Jura Mountains and the Swiss Alps. It covers about 30% of the Swiss surface area, and is partly flat but mostly hilly. The average height is between 400 metres (1,300 ft) and 700 metres (2,300 ft) AMSL. It is by far the most densely populated region of Switzerland, the center of economy and important transportation.