hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grenadian passport
The Grenadian passport is an official travel document issued to citizens of Grenada for the purpose of international travel. It serves as proof of identity and nationality, and facilitates access to consular assistance abroad. The passport also grants holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a wide range of countries and territories.

Grenada issues biometric CARICOM passports to its citizens, in line with regional standards for member states of the Caribbean Community. The passport is issued by the Immigration and Passport Department under the Royal Grenada Police Force, and follows the provisions of the Grenadian Citizenship Act of 1976 and the Passports Act (Cap. 226).

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
The Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS; French: Organisation des États de la Caraïbe orientale, OECO) is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to economic harmonisation and integration, protection of human and legal rights, and the encouragement of good governance between countries and territories in the Eastern Caribbean. It also performs the role of spreading responsibility and liability in the event of natural disaster.

The administrative body of the OECS is the Commission, which is headquartered in Castries, the capital of Saint Lucia.

OECS operates an economic union within the larger CARICOM economic union. Eight members operate as a currency union - the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, using the Eastern Caribbean dollar.
2000–01 Segunda Liga
The 2000–01 Segunda Liga season was the 11th season of the competition and the 67th season of recognised second-tier football in Portugal. As the LPFP took over all nationwide professional leagues the competition was renamed from Segunda Divisão de Honra to Segunda Liga.

Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional
The Liga Portugal (English: Portugal League), also known by its acronym LP, is a league that manages professional football club competitions in Portugal. It was founded in 1978 as Liga Portuguesa dos Clubes de Futebol Profissional and works as an autonomous entity under the authority of the Portuguese Football Federation. In 1991, it changed its name to Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional and in the year 2020, rebranded as Liga Portugal.

The LP is responsible for the organisation and supervision of the top two leagues, Liga Portugal, Liga Portugal 2 and of the Taça da Liga, a knockout cup competition limited to the clubs competing in these professional leagues (except reserve or B teams).

The current president is Reinaldo Teixeira, who has been in office since 11 April 2025.
Mary Prior
Alice Mary Prior CVO MBE DStJ JP (born 22 April 1942) served as Lord Lieutenant of Bristol from 2007 to 2017. She is currently the Pro-chancellor of University of Bristol and a trustee of  the environmental fund Viridor Credits.

Until her retirement in 1997 she was Sales and Marketing Director of Alexandra, a major workwear and uniform company.

She was given an honorary degree by the University of the West of England "in the recognition of her outstanding contribution to local public service, and her advisory support to the Bristol Business School  and links with significant stakeholders of the University of the West of England" and is patron or president of a number of charities based in the Bristol area.

Since being appointed Lord-Lieutenant, Prior has also been made chair of the Commission for Bristol and Avon Magistrates.

Since 2008, Prior has been a member of The Society of Merchant Venturers.

Workwear
Workwear is clothing worn for work, especially work that involves manual labour. Often those employed within trade industries elect to be outfitted in workwear because it is built to provide durability and safety.

The workwear clothing industry is growing and consumers have numerous retailers to choose from. Chains that have made a commitment to the $1 billion and rising workwear business report steady 6 percent to 8 percent annual gains in men's workwear.

In the United Kingdom, if workwear is provided to an employee without a logo, it may be subject to income tax being levied on the employee for a "payment in kind." However, if company clothing is provided with logos on then the employee may be entitled to a tax rebate to help pay for the upkeep.
Peter Moffatt
Peter Moffatt (15 April 1922 – 21 October 2007) was an English television director. His work includes Crane (1963), Breaking Point, All Creatures Great and Small (1978) and The Gentle Touch (1980). He also directed the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who serials State of Decay (1980), The Visitation (1982), Mawdryn Undead (1983), "The Five Doctors" (1983), The Twin Dilemma (1984) and The Two Doctors (1985).

The Gentle Touch
The Gentle Touch is a British police procedural drama series made by London Weekend Television for ITV which began on 11 April 1980 and ran until 24 November 1984. The series is notable for being the first British series to feature a female police officer as its leading character, premiering four months ahead of the similarly themed BBC series Juliet Bravo.
Ekenäs, Finland
Ekenäs (Finland Swedish: [ˈeːkeneːs] ⓘ; Finnish: Tammisaari [ˈtɑmːisɑːri]) is a town and former municipality in Finland that comprised the former municipalities of Snappertuna and Tenala together with the town of Ekenäs. It was merged with Pohja and Karis to form the new municipality of Raseborg on January 1, 2009. Ekenäs is in the province of Southern Finland, and is part of the Uusimaa (Swedish: Nyland) region. The town had a population of 14,754 (as of 31 December 2008) and covered a land area of 726.73 square kilometres (280.59 sq mi). The population density was 20.30 inhabitants per square kilometre (52.6/sq mi). The town is bilingual, with the majority being Swedish speakers (81%), and the minority Finnish speakers (17%).

Southern Finland Province
Southern Finland (Finnish: Etelä-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Södra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Western Finland and Eastern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Finland and Russia.
Laurence Vincent Lapointe
Laurence Vincent Lapointe (born May 27, 1992) is a Canadian sprint canoer. She has won eleven gold medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, starting with the 2010 Poznań Championships, and most recently three gold medals at the 2018 Montemor-o-Velho Championships. She has also won a gold medal at the 2015 Pan American Games, and silver and bronze medals at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Dominique Perben
Dominique Perben (born 11 August 1945) is a French politician. Born in Lyon, he was French Minister of Transportation from 2005 to 2007. He was previously Minister of Justice (2002–05), Minister of Civil Service and Administration (1995–1997) and Minister of Overseas France (1993–1995).

Perben has been a Deputy (or MP) in the National Assembly for the fifth district of Saône-et-Loire from 1986 to 2003. He has been Mayor of Chalon-sur-Saône from 1989 to 2003.

He was a candidate for mayor in Lyon in 2008. Following his defeat against the incumbent socialist mayor Gerard Collomb, he announced in 2010 that he would remove himself from politics and rejoin his previous career as a lawyer.

Minister of the Overseas
The Minister of the Overseas (French: Ministre des Outre-mer) is the official in charge of the Ministry of the Overseas in the Government of the French Republic, responsible for overseeing Overseas France. The office was titled Minister of the Colonies (Ministre des Colonies) until 1946.

The position is currently held by Naïma Moutchou in the government of Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu with the title of Minister to the Prime Minister, in charge of the Overseas (Ministre auprès du Premier ministre, chargé des Outre-mer). She succeeded Manuel Valls on 12 October 2025.
Tehran Taboo
Tehran Taboo (Persian: تهران تابو) is a 2017 Persian-language adult animated drama film written and directed by Ali Soozandeh.

Animated through rotoscope, the film tells the story of three women and a male musician living in Tehran and their desperate attempts at coping with Iran's strict religious laws and resulting double standards. The film was screened in the Critics' Week section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, and was released in the United States in February 2018.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Sigfús Sigurðsson (handballer)
Sigfús Sigurðsson (born 7 May 1975) is a retired Icelandic handball player. He competed at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics, winning the silver medal in 2008. His grandfather, also Sigfús Sigurðsson, competed in the shot put at the 1948 Olympics.

Handball at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Handball competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics were held from 9 to 24 August at the Olympic Sports Centre Gymnasium and National Indoor Stadium. Medals were awarded for both men's and women's team events.  A National Olympic Committee was permitted to enter one men's team and one women's team in the handball competitions.
Canadian traveller problem
In computer science and graph theory, the Canadian traveller problem (CTP) is a generalization of the shortest path problem to graphs that are partially observable. In other words, a "traveller" on a given point on the graph cannot see the full graph, rather only adjacent nodes or a certain "realization restriction."

This optimization problem was introduced by Christos Papadimitriou and Mihalis Yannakakis in 1989 and a number of variants of the problem have been studied since. The name supposedly originates from conversations of the authors who learned of a difficulty Canadian drivers had: traveling a network of cities with snowfall randomly blocking roads. The stochastic version, where each edge is associated with a probability of independently being in the graph, has been given considerable attention in operations research under the name "the Stochastic Shortest Path Problem with Recourse" (SSPPR).

Stochastic
Stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/; from Ancient Greek  στόχος (stókhos) 'aim, guess') is the property of being well-described by a random probability distribution. Stochasticity and randomness are technically distinct concepts. Stochasticity refers to a modeling approach, while randomness describes phenomena. These terms are often used interchangeably. In probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.

Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including actuarial science, image processing, signal processing, computer science, information theory, telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics,  music, media, colour theory,  botany, manufacturing and geomorphology.
Targamadze
Targamadze (Georgian: თარგამაძე) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Targamadze (born 1989), Georgian footballer

Giorgi Targamadze (born 1973), Georgian journalist and politician

David Targamadze
David Targamadze (Georgian: დავით თარგამაძე; born 22 August 1989) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for FC Samtredia. He represented the Georgia national team between 2011 and 2014.
Parodia scopa
Parodia scopa (syn. Notocactus scopa), the silver ball cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to upland southern Brazil and Uruguay. It is a ball- or cylinder-shaped cactus growing to 5–50 cm (2–20 in) tall by 10 cm (4 in) broad, with a spiny, woolly crown and pale yellow flowers in summer.

The specific epithet scopa means "broom" and refers to the long spines. The species was transferred from Notocactus to Parodia in 1997 by David Hunt.

In cultivation it requires a minimum temperature of 10 °C (50 °F), therefore in temperate regions it must be grown under glass or as a houseplant.

The subspecies P. scopa subsp. scopa has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

David Hunt (botanist)
David Richard Hunt (25 September 1938 – 20 May 2019) was an English botanist and taxonomist. He was a specialist in cacti and the spiderwort family. He notably compiled the 1999 CITES Cactaceae Checklist.
AB-FUBINACA
AB-FUBINACA (AMB-FUBINACA) is a psychoactive drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 0.9 nM at CB1 and 23.2 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 1.8 nM at CB1 and 3.2 nM at CB2. It was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication but was never pursued for human use. In 2012, it was discovered as an ingredient in synthetic cannabinoid blends in Japan, along with a related compound AB-PINACA, which had not previously been reported.

Its use has been linked to hospitalizations and deaths.

Cannabinoid receptor 2
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in cannabis, and other phytocannabinoids (plant cannabinoids). The principal endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor is 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

CB2 was cloned in 1993 by a research group from Cambridge looking for a second cannabinoid receptor that could explain the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol. The receptor was identified among cDNAs based on its similarity in amino acid sequence to the CB1 receptor, discovered in 1990. The discovery of this receptor helped provide a molecular explanation for the established effects of cannabinoids on the immune system.
Technische Hochschule
A Technische Hochschule (German: [ˌtɛçnɪʃə ˈhoːxˌʃuːlə], plural: Technische Hochschulen, abbreviated TH) is a type of university focusing on engineering sciences in Germany. Previously, it also existed in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands (Technische Hogeschool), and Finland (teknillinen korkeakoulu, teknisk högskola). In the 1970s (in Germany) and the 1980s (in the Netherlands), the Technische Hochschule emerged into the Technische Universität (German) or Technische Universiteit (Dutch). Since 2009, several German universities of applied sciences were renamed as Technische Hochschulen.

Technische hogeschool
A technische hogeschool (English: "technical college") in the Netherlands is a type of educational institution for higher education, where mainly (industrial) technical training is given like for engineer, bachelor in electronics, mechanics or automotive technology. Most technical colleges are included in a broader partnership with other colleges. A technical college is distinct level of a technical university.
Timothy Browning
Tim Browning MAE is a mathematician working in number theory, examining the interface of analytic number theory and Diophantine geometry.
Browning is currently a Professor of number theory at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) in Klosterneuburg, Austria.

Analytic number theory
In mathematics, analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers. It is often said to have begun with Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet's 1837 introduction of Dirichlet L-functions to give the first proof of Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions. It is well known for its results on prime numbers (involving the Prime Number Theorem and Riemann zeta function) and additive number theory (such as the Goldbach conjecture and Waring's problem).
Sixth government of Israel
The sixth government of Israel was formed by Moshe Sharett during the second Knesset on 29 June 1955. Sharett dropped the General Zionists and the Progressive Party from his coalition, which included Mapai, Mizrachi, Hapoel HaMizrachi, the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs, Progress and Work and Agriculture and Development.

The only changes to the cabinet from the previous government were the dropping of General Zionist ministers Yosef Serlin, Israel Rokach and Yosef Sapir; instead of appointing new ministers to the cabinet to replace them, Sharett divided their portfolios out between existing ministers. Although his party departed from the coalition, Progressive Party MK Pinchas Rosen remained Minister of Justice. The government remained in place until 3 November 1955, more than three months after the July 1955 elections.

Mapai
Mapai (Hebrew: מַפָּא"י, an abbreviation for מִפְלֶגֶת פּוֹעֲלֵי אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael, lit. 'Workers' Party of the Land of Israel') was a Labor Zionist and democratic socialist political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the Israeli Labor Party in January 1968. During Mapai's time in office, a wide range of progressive reforms were carried out, as characterised by the establishment of a welfare state and new rights in the workplace.
Gürzə
Gürzə is a variation of Azerbaijani dumplings consisting of a filling wrapped in 1 mm thin dough circle cuts of 5 cm diameter. It originates in Azerbaijan and is a part of Azerbaijan national cuisine. The filling is made from minced fatty lamb and onion, pre-fried before filling. Gürzə are formed as small cylinders with an open top, boiled for several minutes, strained, seasoned with cinnamon and served with yogurt or sour cream mixed with crushed garlic. In some regions of Azerbaijan gürzə dumplings are boiled in lamb stock and served as a soup, seasoned with chopped fresh parsley and served with vinegar mix and crushed garlic. The name "Gürzə" is associated with the Azerbaijani name for the Caucasian meadow viper (Vipera lotievi) and given due to the wrapper sealing technique, which resembles cornrow pattern on the snake’s skin.

Vipera lotievi
Vipera lotievi, commonly known as the Caucasian meadow viper and Lotiev's viper, is a species of venomous snake in the family Viperidae. The species is native to Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Delony
Delony or DeLony is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric DeLony (1944–2018), American historic preservationist

Jenny Eakin Delony (1866–1949), American painter and educator

John Delony

Vail M. Delony

Eric DeLony
Eric DeLony (1944–2018) served as chief of the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) from 1971 to 2003 and was a noted historic preservationist. He was a professional engineering and industrial heritage consultant with a particular interest in the preservation of historic bridges. He received the General Tools Award, the highest award of the Society for Industrial Archeology, in 2000.

DeLony graduated from the Ohio State University in 1968.
Name Me Lawand
Name Me Lawand is a documentary film directed by Edward Lovelace about Lawand Hamad Amin, a deaf boy who moves from Iraq to Derby, who risks deportation from the UK.

The film won a Special Jury Prize from the Best International Feature Documentary award jury at the 2023 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.

Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people by a state from its sovereign territory. The actual definition changes depending on the place and context, and it also changes over time. A person who has been deported or is under sentence of deportation is called a deportee.
2018 Turkish Parliament Speaker election
The Turkish Parliament Speaker election of 2018 took place on 12 July 2018 to elect the 28th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, who will serve for the first three years of the 27th Parliament of Turkey. With 7 parties represented in the 27th Parliament, the speaker was expected to be elected in the third round, as no party or electoral bloc had the necessary two-thirds majority to elect their candidate outright.

The Justice and Development Party (AKP) candidate Binali Yıldırım was elected in the third round with support from the Nationalist Movement Party, winning 335 votes.

Istanbul (3rd electoral district)
Istanbul's third electoral district is one of three divisions of the Istanbul electoral district for the purpose of elections to Grand National Assembly of Turkey.  It elects thirty-five members of parliament (deputies) to represent the district for a five-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.

The district partially covers the European side of the Province of Istanbul, on the west of the Bosphorus. The second electoral district is situated to the east while the first electoral district occupies the Anatolian side of Istanbul on the east side of the Bosphorus.
Aghajanyan
Aghajanyan, also transliterated as Aghajanian, (Աղաճանեան, Աղաջանյան) is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Aghajanian (1932–2023), American neuroscientist

Markar Aghajanyan (born 1965), Iranian Armenian footballer and manager

Stepan Aghajanian (1863–1940), Armenian painter

George Aghajanian
George K. Aghajanian (April 14, 1932 – July 4, 2023) was an American psychiatrist who was Emeritus Foundations Fund Professor at the Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, in the Department of Psychiatry. He was a pioneer in the area of neuropharmacology. He also served as a member of the NARSAD Scientific Advisory Board.
Sharif Fayez
Sharif Fayez, also known as Mohammed Sharif Fayez (1946 – February 8, 2019), was an academic in Afghanistan, who also served as the country's Minister of Higher Education from 22 December 2001 to 2007. He has written several English and Persian books.

Fayez was born in 1946 in Herat Province of Afghanistan. He received his Ph.D. in American literature from the University of Arizona in 1978. He lived most of his life in the United States due to the wars in Afghanistan.

After the removal of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban government), Fayez returned to Afghanistan and was chosen as the country's Minister of Higher Education during the December 2001 Bonn Conference in Germany, as a close ally of Ismail Khan, with whom he is linked by marriage. He later founded the American University of Afghanistan (AUAF). He served as head of the AUAF for its first two years, from 2004 to 2006.

International Conference on Afghanistan, Bonn (2001)
In December 2001, after Operation Enduring Freedom had toppled the Taliban regime of Afghanistan, the German city of Bonn hosted a conference—widely known as the Bonn Conference—of Afghan leaders at Hotel Petersberg, to choose the leader of an Afghan Interim Authority and establish an initial political agreement for reorganising the governmental institutions of Afghanistan. The conference chose Hamid Karzai, who was subsequently elected president in 2004. Karzai subsequently appointed many anti-Taliban allies and regional leaders to senior posts within the interim government and to senior posts in the Provincial governments. The conference set up the Bonn Agreement for institutional reorganisation.