hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nazih Abu Afach
Nazih Abu Afach (Arabic: نزيه أبو عفش) (born 1946) is a Syrian poet and painter. He was born in western Syria, in the village of Marmarita 60 km from Homs. His first book of poetry came out in 1967, and since then he has published a dozen more collections. He works as an editor for the monthly magazine Al-Mada. His work has appeared in English translation in Banipal magazine.

Marmarita
Marmarita (Arabic: مرمريتا, Marmarītā) is a village in northwestern Syria, located west of Homs. Marmarita is one of the largest villages in Wadi al-Nasara ("Valley of the Christians"), a region north of Talkalakh. In 2004, Marmarita had a population of 2,206, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Its inhabitants are predominantly Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic Christians and is one of the largest Christian villages in the Wadi al-Nasara ('valley of the Christians'). Marmarita is a popular summer destination and tourist attraction in Syria. The village has been part of the Homs Governorate since 1953; prior to that, it was part of the Latakia Governorate. The village has three Greek Orthodox Church, a Greek Catholic Church and a Protestant Church.
Melanesians
Melanesians are the predominant and Indigenous inhabitants of Melanesia, in an area stretching from New Guinea to the Fiji Islands. Most speak one of the many languages of the Austronesian language family (especially ones in the Oceanic branch) or one of the many unrelated families of Papuan languages. There are several creoles of the region, such as Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, Solomon Islands Pijin, Bislama, and Papuan Malay.

Oceanic languages
The Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages comprising some 450 languages spoken in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are estimated to have only two million native speakers. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc").
Lufttransport
Lufttransport is a Norwegian helicopter and fixed-wing airline that operates primarily air ambulance helicopters and planes for the Norwegian and Swedish governments. In addition the airline offers services including surveillance for the Norwegian Coast Guard, transport of ship pilots and scheduled air transport in the Norwegian territory of Svalbard.

The airline operates 10 helicopters and 14 fixed-wing aircraft and has headquarters in Tromsø. In 2005 the company had a revenue of 300 million NOK.

Public service obligation
In the context of European Union law, a public service obligation or PSO is an obligation imposed on an organisation by legislation or contract to provide a service of general interest within EU territories. PSOs may operate in any field of public service, but postal services, social services, energy, transport and banking are specific sectors where the concept is relevant.
Kelermesskaya
Kelermesskaya (Russian: Келермесская; Adyghe: Къэлэрмэз) is a rural locality (a stanitsa) and the administrative center of Kelermesskoye Rural Settlement of Giaginsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population was 2844 as of 2018. There are 26 streets.

It was the site of executions and burials during the Civil War.

Giaginsky District
Giaginsky District (Russian: Гиаги́нский райо́н, romanized: Giaginsky rayon; Adyghe: Джэджэ къедзыгъо, romanized: Ǯʼăǯʼă qedzəġo) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the seven in the Republic of Adygea, Russia. It is located in the northern central portion of the republic and borders with Shovgenovsky District in the north, Koshekhablsky District in the east and northeast, Mostovsky District of Krasnodar Krai in the southeast, Maykopsky District in the south, and with Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai in the west. The area of the district is 756.54 square kilometers (292.10 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Giaginskaya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,766, with the population of Giaginskaya accounting for 44.5% of that number.
Juta Racing
Juta Racing is an auto racing team based in Kaunas, Lithuania.  Founded in 1988, the team currently racing in Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain. Juta Racing is also strong competitor in domestic championships and races, including Lithuanian Rally Championship and annual 1000 km race near Palanga, at Palanga circuit, where the team claimed overall and GT class victory with its drivers Jonas Gelžinis, Ignas Gelžinis and Tautvydas Barštys in 2015.

Oulton Park
Oulton Park is a hard surfaced track used for motor racing, close to the village of Little Budworth, Cheshire, England, 5-mile (8.0 km) from Winsford, 13-mile (21 km) from Chester city centre, 8-mile (13 km) from Northwich and 17-mile (27 km) from Warrington, with a nearby rail connection along the Mid-Cheshire Line. It occupies much of the area which was previously known as the Oulton Estate. The racing circuit is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.
Brusné
Brusné is a municipality and village in Kroměříž District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Brusné lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of Kroměříž, 14 km (9 mi) north of Zlín, and 248 km (154 mi) east of Prague.

Kroměříž
Kroměříž (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkromɲɛr̝iːʃ] ⓘ; German: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for Kroměříž Castle with its castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic town centre with the castle complex is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Blood & Chocolate (film)
Blood & Chocolate is a 2007 fantasy-horror film directed by Katja von Garnier. It was written by Ehren Kruger and Christopher B. Landon and is loosely inspired by Annette Curtis Klause's 1997 young adult novel of the same name.

An international co-production between the United States, Germany, Romania, and the United Kingdom, Blood & Chocolate was both a commercial and critical failure.

Ehren Kruger
Ehren Kruger (born October 5, 1972) is an American film screenwriter and producer. He is best known for writing three of the five installments in the original Transformers film series: Revenge of the Fallen, Dark of the Moon, and Age of Extinction, in addition to the American version of The Ring and its sequel The Ring Two and the American adaptation of Ghost in the Shell.

For his work on Top Gun: Maverick, Kruger was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
Tokushima Arts Foundation for Culture
The Tokushima Arts Foundation for Culture (徳島県郷土文化会館) is a multi-purpose cultural facility found in the Aiba-cho district in Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture. It sits on the grounds of the Aibahama Park and runs alongside the Shinmachi River.

Tokushima (city)
Tokushima (徳島市, Tokushima-shi; Japanese: [tokɯ̥ꜜɕima]) is the capital city of Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku island in Japan.  As of 1 September 2024, the city had an estimated population of 245,264 in 122,539 households and a population density of 1,280 persons per km². The total area of the city is 191.52 square kilometres (73.95 sq mi).
PWP Heavyweight Championship
The PWP Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by Pro Wrestling Pride. It was the second championship incorporated by Pro Wrestling Pride; behind the PWP Catch Division Championship. As the companies main championship, it is usually competed for in the main event of each show.

The Championship was established on the companies 5th show, in Teignmouth, Devon in the main event. Chris Andrews would become the first champion, in a four-way match for the championship; defeating 'Wild Boar' Mike Hitchman, PJ Jones & The UK Dominator.

Teignmouth
Teignmouth (/ˈtɪnməθ/ TIN-məth) is a seaside town, fishing port and civil parish in the English county of Devon. It lies on the north bank of the estuary mouth of the River Teign, about 12 miles (19 km) south of Exeter. The town had a population of 14,932 at the 2021 census.

From the 1800s onwards, the town grew rapidly in size from a fishing port associated with the Newfoundland cod industry to a fashionable resort of some note in Georgian times; there was further expansion after the opening of the South Devon Railway in 1846. Today, its port still operates and the town remains a popular seaside and day-trip holiday location.
Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests
The Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests, presently known as East Deccan moist deciduous forests, is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in east-central India. The ecoregion covers an area of 341,100 square kilometers (131,700 sq mi), extending across portions of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Telangana states.

Terminalia (plant)
Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world. The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.

Axlewood (T. latifolia) is used for its wood and tannins and as a fodder. African birch (T. leiocarpa) is used for its wood and to make yellow dye and medicinal compounds. A yellow dyestuff produced from the leaves of T. leiocarpa has traditionally been used in West Africa to dye leather.
Kinmel Park Training Area
Kinmel Park Training Area is an army training ground in what was once the grounds of Kinmel Hall, near Abergele, in Conwy county borough, Wales. The camp was built in 1915 to train troops during the First World War and was later used to house troops at the end of the conflict. A riot broke out in the camp among Canadian forces in 1919, leading to the deaths of several soldiers.

The camp was downscaled after the war, being reduced to around half of its original size.

Conwy County Borough
Conwy County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy) is a county borough in the north of Wales. It borders Gwynedd to the west and south and Denbighshire to the east. The largest settlement is Colwyn Bay, and Conwy is the administrative centre.

Conwy has an area of 1,126 square kilometres (435 sq mi) and a population of 114,891 in 2024, making it sparsely populated. The population is concentrated along the coast, along which are several seaside resorts and the county's largest towns: Colwyn Bay (34,284), Llandudno (20,701), and Conwy (14,753). Inland is much less populous, and the only town is Llanrwst (3,323).
19th Airlift Wing
The 19th Airlift Wing is a United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Mobility Command's Eighteenth Air Force. It is stationed at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas. The wing is also the host unit at Little Rock.

The Wing provides the Department of Defense its largest Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport fleet, supplying humanitarian airlift relief to victims of disasters, to airdropping supplies and troops into the heart of contingency operations in hostile areas.

Active for over 60 years, the 19th was part of Strategic Air Command's deterrent force during the Cold War. The wing served in the Korean War and Operation Desert Storm.  It is currently engaged in combat operations.

The 19th Airlift Wing is commanded by Colonel Denny R. Davies.  Its Command Chief Master Sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Matthew A. Pease.

Wing (military unit)
In military aviation, a wing is a unit of command. In most military aviation services, a wing is a relatively large formation of planes. In Commonwealth countries a wing usually comprises three squadrons, with several wings forming a group (around 10 squadrons). Each squadron will contain around 20 planes.
Kapuni Branch
The Kapuni Branch, formerly known as the Opunake Branch, is a branch railway in North Island, New Zealand. It opened in 1926, and ran 36.4 km across the southern slopes of Mount Taranaki to link the rural town of Ōpunake with the Marton–New Plymouth Line 2 km north of the small rural settlement of Te Roti, equidistant between Eltham and Hāwera. With the decline of rural freight, part of the line was closed in 1976, but the 10.9 km section to Kapuni was retained and upgraded to service traffic to the Kapuni natural gas field.

Stratford, New Zealand
Stratford (Māori: Whakaahurangi) is the only town in Stratford District, and the seat of the Taranaki region, in New Zealand's North Island. It lies beneath the eastern slopes of Mount Taranaki, approximately halfway between New Plymouth and Hāwera, near the geographic centre of the Taranaki Region. The town has a population of 6,430, making it the 62nd largest urban area in New Zealand (using the Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 (SSGA18)), and the fourth largest in Taranaki (behind New Plymouth, Hāwera and Waitara).

The Stratford District has a population of 10,500, and a land area of 2,163.35 km2 (835.27 sq mi), which is divided between the Manawatū-Whanganui region (including the settlements of Whangamōmona, Marco and Tahora, 31.87% of its land area) and the Taranaki region (68.13% of its land area).
Llorente
The surname Llorente (or Lorente) is derived from the Latin name Laurentius (Lorenzo in Spanish). This surname scattered over almost the entire Iberian Peninsula due to the reconquest, has an Aragonese origin recorded under different forms: Lorien, Lorient (sobrarbesa place names), Lorent or Llorent (forms in medieval Aragonese Ebro Valley). Because Castilian became increasingly important, the surnames came to be pronounced with an -e at the end.

Ebro
The Ebro (Spanish and Basque [ˈeβɾo] ⓘ; Catalan: Ebre, Western: [ˈeβɾe], Eastern: [ˈeβɾə]) is a river of the north and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain. It rises in Cantabria and flows 930 kilometres (580 mi), almost entirely in an east-southeast direction. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea, forming a delta in the Terres de l'Ebre region, in southern Catalonia. In the Iberian peninsula, it ranks second in length after the Tagus and second in discharge volume, and drainage basin, after the Douro. It is the longest river entirely within Spain; the other two mentioned flow into Portugal.

The Ebro flows through many cities (Spanish: ciudades): Reinosa in Cantabria; Frías and Miranda de Ebro in Castile and León; Haro, Logroño, Calahorra, and Alfaro in La Rioja; Tudela in Navarre; Alagón, Utebo, and Zaragoza in Aragon; and Flix, Móra d'Ebre, Benifallet, Tivenys, Xerta, Aldover, Tortosa, and Amposta in the province of Tarragona (Catalonia).
M-114 (Michigan highway)
M-114 was the designation of a former state trunkline highway and planned beltline in the US state of Michigan around the city of Grand Rapids. It was designated by the end of 1929 on various streets in adjoining cities and townships. By the 1940s, sections of it on the west and south sides of Grand Rapids were given new designations and the segment along the east side of town was finished. By late 1945 the highway designation was completely decommissioned in favor of other numbers. M-114 split into two branches, one running east–west and the other running north–south. The east–west spur routing is now local streets while the rest is part of state highways.

Grand Rapids Charter Township, Michigan
Grand Rapids Charter Township is a charter township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 18,905 at the 2020 census.

The township is bordered by Grand Rapids to the west and East Grand Rapids to the southwest, but the township is administered autonomously.
Joan Breton Connelly
Joan Breton Connelly is an American classical archaeologist and Professor of Classics and Art History at New York University. She is Director of the Yeronisos Island Excavations and Field School in Cyprus. Connelly was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1996. She received the Archaeological Institute of America Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award in 2007 and held the Lillian Vernon Chair for Teaching Excellence at New York University from 2002 to 2004. She is an Honorary Citizen of the Municipality of Peyia, Republic of Cyprus.

Classical archaeology
Classical archaeology is the archaeological investigation of the Mediterranean civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Nineteenth-century archaeologists such as Heinrich Schliemann were drawn to study the societies they had read about in Latin and Greek texts. Many universities and foreign nations maintain excavation programs and schools in the area – such is the enduring appeal of the region's archaeology.
Shanghai United International School
Shanghai United International School (上海协和双语学校) is a group of international schools in Shanghai, China, under Xiehe Education. There are eight campuses located in Shanghai as of 2024, including Jiaoke Campus, Hongqiao Campus, Shangyin Campus, Gubei Campus, Pudong Campus, Pudong Academy, Wanyuan Campus, and Qingpu Campus.

Academics in the primary schools are based on the International Curriculum of England (ICE), the International Primary Curriculum (IPC), and the IB Primary Years Programme (PYP). Chinese curriculums are also available in the local streams. At secondary level, options include the IB Diploma Programme, Advanced Placement courses, IGCSE, A-Levels, and the BC (British Columbia) program for students to matriculate to universities abroad.

Xiehe Education has also opened campuses in Hefei, Wenzhou, Xiamen and Wuxi.

International Primary Curriculum
The International Primary Curriculum (IPC) is an independent programme of education for learners aged 5 to 11, cited by The SAGE Handbook of Research in International Education in 2015 as one of the three major international systems of education and one of two identified programmes specifically designed with international education objectives. The IPC forms part of a continuum of curricula, including the International Early Years Curriculum (IEYC) and the International Middle Years Curriculum (IMYC), and was identified as forming a key part of the rise in international education.
Soma (studio)
Soma Electronic Music Studios is a recording studio owned and operated by John McEntire. From 1993 to 2018 it was located in Chicago, Illinois.

Artists who have recorded at Soma include
Bundy K. Brown, Brokeback, Broken Social Scene,  Chicago Underground Duo, Bobby Conn, David Grubbs, Isotope 217, Rob Mazurek, Nobukazu Takemura, Jim O'Rourke, Pivot, Radian, Phil Ranelin, Red Krayola, The Research (band), Royal Trux, Neil Michael Hagerty, The Sea and Cake, Stereolab, Teenage Fanclub, Tortoise, Wilco, Will Oldham, Papa M, Vaudevileins, and The Car Is on Fire.

In 2018, McEntire closed the Chicago facility and relocated to Nevada City, California, where he opened "Soma Electronic Music Studios 4.0 aka Soma West".

Isotope 217
Isotope 217° is a Chicago-based band composed mainly of members from Tortoise and the Chicago Underground Orchestra that was formed in 1997. The New York Times described the band as "...adept to varying degrees at rock and funk and jazz and electronics, turn those introspective moments into jams that are messier and warmer than Tortoise's."

The name is a reference to Forbidden Planet.
Tibell
Tibell is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Leif Tibell (born 1944), Swedish lichenologist and Emeritus Professor at the University of Uppsala

Darrell Tibell (born 2002), Swedish footballer

Charlotte Cecilia af Tibell (1820–1901), Swedish author and hymnwriter

Leif Tibell
Leif Tibell (born 16 November 1944) is a Swedish lichenologist and Emeritus Professor at the University of Uppsala. He is known for his expertise on calicioid lichens. He was awarded the Acharius Medal in 2012 for lifetime achievements in lichenology.
Night in paintings (Eastern art)
The depiction of night in paintings is common in art in Asia. Paintings that feature the night scene as the theme are mostly portraits and landscapes. Some artworks which involve religious or fantasy topics use the quality of dim night light to create mysterious atmospheres. They tend to illustrate the illuminating effect of the light reflection on the subjects under either moonlight or artificial light sources.

Kōgyo Tsukioka
Kōgyo Tsukioka (月岡 耕漁, Tsukioka Kōgyo), sometimes called Kōgyo Sakamaki (坂巻 耕漁, Sakamaki Kōgyo), (April 18, 1869 – February 25, 1927) was a Japanese artist of the Meiji era. He was a student and adopted son of Tsukioka Yoshitoshi, and also studied with Ogata Gekkō. Although Kōgyo sometimes painted other subjects, for most of his career he made pictures of Japanese Noh theatre, either as large-scale paintings or colored woodblock prints. Many of the latter were published in series and sold as multi-volume sets. Some sets, such as Nōgaku zue, have been preserved as albums in their original bindings, including accordion-style bindings known as orihon, while other sets such as Nōga taikan, were issued in sewn bindings known as yamato toji. Although most bound sets belong to institutional collections, individual prints by Kōgyo can still be found through dealers specializing in Japanese prints.
Barbara L. Osofsky
Barbara L. Osofsky (born 1937) is a retired professor of mathematics at Rutgers University. Her research concerns abstract algebra.  Osofsky's contributions to mathematics include her characterization of semisimple rings in terms of properties of cyclic modules.  Osofsky also established a logical equivalence between the continuum hypothesis and statements about the global dimension of associative rings.

Cyclic module
In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, a cyclic module or monogenous module is a module over a ring that is generated by one element.  The concept is a generalization of the notion of a cyclic group, that is, an Abelian group  (i.e. Z-module) that is generated by one element.
Winna Góra, Łódź Voivodeship
Winna Góra [ˈvinna ˈɡura] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Słupia, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Skierniewice, and 33 km (21 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice County
Skierniewice County (Polish: powiat skierniewicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Skierniewice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 756.12 square kilometres (291.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 37,779.
Masihuzzaman Khan
Masīhuzzamān Khān (1840 – 17 December 1910) was an Indian Muslim scholar who served as the second chancellor of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama. He was the teacher of Mir Laiq Ali Khan and Mahboob Ali Khan.

Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama
Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama is an Islamic seminary in Lucknow, India, founded in 1898 by Nadwatul Ulama under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Mungeri. Its purpose was to produce scholars who could integrate the traditional Islamic learning of Darul Uloom Deoband with the modern educational approach of Aligarh Muslim University. The institution is also known for its emphasis on the Arabic language and its inclusive approach toward intra-Sunni differences.