hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Societal attitudes towards abortion
Societal attitudes towards abortion have varied throughout different historical periods and cultures. One manner of assessing such attitudes in the modern era has been to conduct opinion polls to measure levels of public opinion on abortion.

Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. It also conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, random sample survey research, and panel based surveys,  media content analysis, and other empirical social science research.

The Pew Research Center states it does not take policy stances. It is a subsidiary of the Pew Charitable Trusts and a charter member of the American Association of Public Opinion Research's Transparency Initiative.
Nectar (Enanitos Verdes album)
Nectar, also written as Néctar, released on June 15, 1999, is the eleventh album of rock en español group Enanitos Verdes. It was produced by Coti Sorokin, and was recorded and mixed entirely in Buenos Aires between the months of January and March 1999. It received a nomination for Best Latin Rock or Alternative Album at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards, becoming the group's second and last nomination at the ceremony.

The album, which includes ten songs, is a blend of different musical styles such as rock and ballads, as well as regional rhythms.

Coti
Roberto Fidel Ernesto Sorokin Esparza (born June 14, 1973), known professionally as Coti, is an Argentine singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known for collaborations with other Spanish-language artists like Andrés Calamaro, Julieta Venegas, Natalia Oreiro and Luis Miguel in his last album. His 2005 release, Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos went gold in both Argentina and Mexico, while going double platinum in Spain.
Mahlon Duckett
Mahlon Newton "Mal" Duckett (December 20, 1922 – July 12, 2015) was an American Negro league baseball infielder. He played from 1940 to 1950, with the Philadelphia Stars and the Homestead Grays.

Duckett was primarily a second baseman, with occasional stints as third baseman.  Duckett was "a versatile infielder with a slick glove but a lightweight bat" who saw play more for his defensive talents. He served in the US Army during World War II. In 2008, Duckett was chosen in a special Negro leagues draft wherein each team in Major League Baseball drafted a surviving Negro leagues player; the Philadelphia Phillies drafted him.

Duckett died in 2015.  He was the last surviving member of the Philadelphia Stars.  Duckett is buried at Ivy Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.

Homestead Grays
The Homestead Grays (also known as Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays) were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.

The team was formed in 1912 by Cumberland Posey, and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in Homestead, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the Monongahela River to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the Pittsburgh Pirates' home Forbes Field and the Pittsburgh Crawfords' home Greenlee Field.

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands. As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.
Mir Makan
Mir Makan (Persian: ميرمكان, also Romanized as Mīr Makān) is a village in Boli Rural District, Chavar District, Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 19 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Adrienne Horvath
Adrienne Horvath (23 March 1925 – 4 July 2012) was a French politician. She represented the 3rd district of Gard in the French National Assembly from 19 March 1978 to 22 May 1981, as a member of the French Communist Party.

She was born in Tuyên Quang in the Tonkin Protectorate, French Indochina (today Vietnam). She was first elected to the assembly in 1978, succeeding Roger Roucaute, also of the Communist party, and was reelected in 1981.

Horvath was mayor of Saint-Martin-de-Valgalgues from 1977 to 1989.

She died at Saint-Martin-de-Valgalgues at the age of 87.

Gard
Gard (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in Southern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It had a population of 748,437 as of 2019; its prefecture is Nîmes.

The department is named after the river Gardon. In recent decades of the twenty-first century, local administration and French speakers have returned to the original Occitan name of the river, Gard (Occitan pronunciation: [gaɾ]). It is part of a revival of Occitan culture.
Dorothy Wanja Nyingi
Dorothy Wanja Nyingi (born 1973) is a Kenyan ichthyologist and recipient of the Ordre des Palmes académiques (Order of Academic Palms) for her work on Fish Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecology. She is the head of the Ichthyology Department at the National Museums of Kenya. She is a freshwater ecologist focusing on community driven conservation and the author of the first guide to fresh water fish in Kenya, Guide to the Common Freshwater Fishes of Kenya.

Ordre des Palmes académiques
The Ordre des Palmes académiques (French pronunciation: [ɔʁdʁ de palm(z‿)akademik]; French for 'Order of Academic Palms') is a national order bestowed by the French Republic on distinguished academics and teachers and for valuable service to universities, education and science.

Originally established in 1808 by Emperor of the French Napoleon as a decoration to honour eminent members of the University of Paris, it was changed into its current form as an order of merit on 4 October 1955 by President René Coty, making it one of the oldest civil honours bestowed by the French Republic.
The Walking Dead (1936 film)
The Walking Dead is a 1936 American science fiction horror film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Boris Karloff, Ricardo Cortez, Marguerite Churchill, and Barton MacLane. The film portrays a wrongly executed man who is restored to life by a scientist. The film blends elements of the horror genre with the gangster film, and also features elements of a religious morality parable.

Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, The Walking Dead premiered in the New York City on February 29, 1936. It was a commercial success for Warner Bros. domestically, though it was subject to censorship in several countries, receiving numerous cuts by film censors in the United Kingdom, as well as being banned in Finland, Switzerland, and Singapore.

The film's portrayal of a physician using a mechanical heart to revive the patient is notable in that it foreshadowed modern medicine's mechanical heart used to keep patients alive during cardiac surgery.

Barton MacLane
Barton MacLane (December 25, 1902 – January 1, 1969) was an American actor, playwright, and screenwriter. He appeared in many classic films from the 1930s through the 1960s, including his role as General Martin Peterson on the 1960s NBC television comedy series I Dream of Jeannie, with Barbara Eden and Larry Hagman.
Jōnan, Kumamoto
Jōnan (城南町, Jōnan-machi) was a town located in Shimomashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 19,885 and the density of 539.18 persons per km2. The total area was 36.88 km2.

On March 23, 2010, Jōnan, along with the town of Ueki (from Kamoto District), was merged into the expanded city of Kumamoto and no longer exists as an independent municipality. As of April 1, 2012, the area is part of the Minami-ku ward.

The town is the home of the Kumamoto Civil Astronomical Observatory and the namesake of asteroid 21254.

Minami-ku, Kumamoto
Minami-ku (南区) is one of the five wards of Kumamoto City, Japan. Meaning literally "south ward," it is bordered by the Nishi-ku, Chūō-ku, Higashi-ku and also by the cities of Uki, Uto and the towns of Kashima, Mifune and Kōsa. As of 2012, it has a population of 122,773 people and an area of 110.02 km2.
Light at the End of the World
Light at the End of the World is the thirteenth studio album by English synth-pop duo Erasure, released on 14 May 2007 by Mute Records. The album's release was announced on the band's website on 26 January 2007 in a video message from members Vince Clarke and Andy Bell. It reached the UK top 30 upon its release.

Vince Clarke
Vincent John Martin (born 3 July 1960), known professionally as Vince Clarke, is a British synth-pop musician and songwriter. Clarke has been the main composer and musician of the band Erasure since its inception in 1985, and was previously the main songwriter for several groups, including Depeche Mode, Yazoo, and the Assembly. In Erasure, he is known for his deadpan and low-key onstage demeanour, often remaining motionless over his keyboard, in sharp contrast to lead vocalist Andy Bell's animated and hyperactive frontman antics.

Erasure have recorded over 200 songs and have sold over 28 million albums worldwide. Clarke was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020 as a member of Depeche Mode.
1946 Brownlow Medal
The 1946 Brownlow Medal was the 19th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Don Cordner of the Melbourne Football Club won the medal by polling twenty votes during the 1946 VFL season.

1946 VFL season
The 1946 VFL season was the 50th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria.

The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 20 April until 5 October, and comprised a 19-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs. The league's thirds/under-19s competition played its inaugural season.

The premiership was won by the Essendon Football Club for the eighth time, after it defeated Melbourne by 63 points in the 1946 VFL Grand Final.
Satvya Mulichi Satavi Mulgi
Satvya Mulichi Satavi Mulgi (transl. Seventh Girl's Seventh Daughter) was an Indian Marathi language TV series that aired on Zee Marathi. It is directed by Jayant Pawar and produced by Vidyadhar Pathare under the banner of Iris Production. It premiered from 12 September 2022 by replacing Devmanus 2. It stars Titeeksha Tawde, Aishwarya Narkar and Ajinkya Nanaware in lead roles. It is an official remake of Bengali series Trinayani.

Zee Marathi
Zee Marathi is an Indian  Marathi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel was launched on 15 August 1999 and was known as Alpha TV Marathi until 28 March 2005, when it was renamed as Zee Marathi. It is the first Marathi GEC channel. A HD version of this channel, Zee Marathi HD, was launched on 20 November 2016.
Auguste Boissonneau
Auguste Boissonneau (26 July 1802, Saumur – 7 July 1883, Paris) was a French ornithologist and ocularist. In the latter field he was a pioneer of ocular prosthesis.

As an ornithologist, he was the taxonomic authority of numerous species native to tropical and subtropical South America. The hummingbird genus Boissonneaua (Reichenbach, 1854) commemorates his name, as does the species Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii (streaked tuftedcheek), a bird circumscribed by Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1840.

Ocular prosthesis
An ocular prosthesis, artificial eye or glass eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent natural eye following an enucleation, evisceration, or orbital exenteration. Someone with an ocular prosthesis is altogether blind on the affected side and has monocular (one sided) vision.

The prosthesis fits over an orbital implant and under the eyelids. The ocular prosthesis roughly takes the shape of a convex shell and is made of medical grade acrylic plastic. A few ocular prostheses today are made of cryolite glass. A variant of the ocular prosthesis is a very thin hard shell known as a scleral shell which can be worn over a damaged or eviscerated eye. Makers of ocular prosthetics are known as ocularists. Ocularists are surprisingly rare: as of 2025, there were fewer than 200 certified practitioners in the United States, and only around three dozen in India.

Visual prosthesis are currently in research which could provide vision to the artificial eye.
Rainbow Connection
"Rainbow Connection" is a song from the 1979 film The Muppet Movie, with music and lyrics written by Paul Williams and Kenneth Ascher. The song was performed by Jim Henson as Kermit the Frog during the film's opening number, where it opens with Kermit sitting alone on a log in the swamp, playing the song on his banjo. The song is an integral part of Kermit's character's arc, since it establishes his dream of "making millions of people happy", which motivates his journey to Hollywood throughout the film.

"Rainbow Connection" reached No. 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1979, with the song remaining in the Top 40 for seven weeks in total. Williams and Ascher received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song at the 52nd Academy Awards.

In 2020, "Rainbow Connection" was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry.

Opening act
An opening act, also known as a warm-up act, support act, supporting act or opener, is an entertainment act (musical, comedic, or otherwise), that performs at a concert before the featured act, or "headliner". Rarely, an opening act may perform again at the end of the event, or perform with the featured act after both have had a set to themselves.

The opening act's performance serves to "warm up" the audience, making it appropriately excited and enthusiastic for the headliner.
Archery at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's individual
The women's individual at the 2004 Summer Olympics as part of the archery programme were held at the Panathinaiko Stadium.

The heavily favored Korean women, who had taken the top three spots in the ranking round, won gold and silver medals as well as setting a new world record for a 72-arrow round.  Park Sung-hyun and Lee Sung Jin defeated every opponent they faced until their final match against each other, which Park won for the gold medal.  Alison Williamson of Great Britain, who was ranked only 21st after the ranking round, was able to win a number of upsets to make it to the semi-finals.  After losing that match, she pulled off one more upset to finish with a bronze medal.

Yun Mi-jin
Yun Mi-jin (Korean: 윤미진; born April 30, 1983) is an archer from South Korea who has won three Olympic gold medals and is a former world number one.  She holds the Olympic record for a women's 18-arrow match, at 173 out of a possible 180.  Yun set the record in Sydney, Australia at the 2000 Summer Olympics and matched it in 2004 in Athens, Greece.
Attack of the Smithereens
Attack of the Smithereens is a rarities compilation album by The Smithereens, released in 1995 by Capitol Records. It contains a number of B-sides and rare tracks as well as previously unreleased demos and live recordings.

Sal Valentino
Sal Valentino (born Salvatore Spampinato; September 8, 1942) is an American rock musician, singer and songwriter, best known as lead singer of The Beau Brummels, subsequently becoming a songwriter as well. The band released a pair of top 20 U.S. hit singles in 1965, "Laugh, Laugh" and "Just a Little". He later fronted another band, Stoneground, which produced three albums in the early 1970s. After reuniting on numerous occasions with the Beau Brummels, Valentino began a solo career, releasing his latest album, Every Now and Then, in 2008.
Roy J. Guyer
Roy Jones Guyer (October 25, 1885 – April 3, 1956) was an American college football player and college football, basketball, baseball, and soccer coach. He served as the head football coach at Lebanon Valley College from 1908 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1917 and at the University of Connecticut in 1919, compiling a career college football coaching record of 27–39–2.  Guyer died on April 3, 1956, at his home in Storrs, Connecticut.

Storrs, Connecticut
Storrs (/stɔːrz/ storz) is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Mansfield in eastern Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The village is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 15,979 at the 2020 census.

Storrs is dominated economically and demographically by the main campus of the University of Connecticut and the associated Connecticut Repertory Theatre.
Blue Ridge Land Conservancy
The Blue Ridge Land Conservancy (BRLC), formerly known as the Western Virginia Land Trust (WVLT), is a non-profit land trust and conservation organization headquartered in Roanoke, Virginia that seeks to preserve the wilderness and farmlands in the western portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia (not the State of West Virginia) from excessive commercial development. BRLC's service area contains ten counties: Bedford, Botetourt, Craig, Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke.

In December 2012, the Western Virginia Land Trust changed its name to the Blue Ridge Land Conservancy.

Franklin County, Virginia
Franklin County is a county located in the Blue Ridge foothills of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 54,477. Its county seat is Rocky Mount. Franklin County is part of the Roanoke metropolitan area and is located in the Roanoke Region of Virginia. The Roanoke River forms its northeast boundary with Bedford County.
Parviainen
Parviainen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aki Parviainen (born 1974), Finnish javelin thrower

Emmi Parviainen (born 1985), Finnish actress

Hannu-Pekka "HP" Parviainen (born 1981), Finnish snowboarder

Heidi Parviainen (born 1979), Finnish singer

Janne Parviainen (born 1973), Finnish drummer

Jouko Parviainen (born 1958), Finnish skier

Kaisa Parviainen (1914–2002), Finnish javelin thrower

Kalle Parviainen (born 1982), Finnish footballer

Janne Parviainen
Janne Parviainen (born 1973) is a Finnish heavy metal drummer who plays in the bands Sinergy, Barathrum and Ensiferum. He is a former member of Waltari and Zwanziger.

Parviainen joined Barathrum in 2000 and Sinergy and Ensiferum more recently. His first recording for Ensiferum was the Dragonheads EP, which was recorded soon after he joined the band in 2005 and released early the next year. He has yet to feature on a Sinergy album, having joined after the recording of their 2002 album Suicide by My Side.

Parviainen's longest time in a band was with Waltari – between 1990 and 2002, when he left to join Sinergy.
Cannabis in the Cook Islands
Cannabis in the Cook Islands is illegal for recreational purposes. A non-binding referendum to legalise it for medicinal purposes passed with 62% in 2022, and medicinal cannabis became legal on 2 July 2024.

In 2010, Cook Islands Police and New Zealand Police launched Operation Eagle, arresting the son of a prominent local politician, and two former police officers.

2022 Cook Islands medical cannabis referendum
A referendum took place in the Cook Islands on 1 August 2022. Voters were called upon by the government of Prime Minister Mark Brown to decide on the legalisation of medical cannabis. The referendum results are non-binding, with the Parliament elected on the same day being free to implement the policy or not.

A majority of participating voters supported legalisation, with 62% voting yes, 35% voting no, and 3% informal.
Caleb Walton West
Caleb Walton West (May 25, 1844 – January 25, 1909) was an American politician.

Born in Cynthiana in Harrison County, Kentucky, West was a Confederate veteran and a municipal judge in Kentucky. He was Governor of Utah Territory twice, between 1886 and 1888 and between 1893 and 1896, the last before statehood.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Yuki Kajiura
Yuki Kajiura (梶浦 由記, Kajiura Yuki; born August 6, 1965) is a Japanese composer, arranger and music producer. She has provided the music for several popular anime series, such as Sword Art Online, Puella Magi Madoka Magica, Fate/Zero, The Garden of Sinners, Pandora Hearts, and Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba.

As a composer, Kajiura is known for her unique and distinctive musical motifs and leitmotifs, as well as for her distinctive fusion of contemporary classical music and electronic music.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Walter E. Hoadley
Walter E. Hoadley (1916 – 2003) was an American business economist, statistician, and Federal Reserve Bank chair. He served as president of the American Statistical Association and the American Finance Association.

American Finance Association
The American Finance Association (AFA) is an academic organization whose focus is the study and promotion of financial economics.  It was formed in 1939.  Its main publication, the Journal of Finance, was first published in 1946.
Fundy Trail Parkway
The Fundy Trail Parkway is a 30 kilometer-long scenic parkway in the Atlantic Canadian province of New Brunswick along the coast of the Bay of Fundy. The parkway provides access to a number of trails and over 20 lookout locations along the coast, including a 10 kilometer pedestrian and bicycle trail, and the Big Salmon River Suspension Bridge. The parkway is also located along five different beaches and four waterfalls. There is also an interpretive centre along the route which provides information about the area's history.

Parkway
A parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare. The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded.

Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets as narrow as two lanes with a landscaped median, wide landscaped setbacks, or both.

The term has also been applied to scenic highways and to limited-access roads more generally. Many parkways originally intended for scenic, recreational driving have evolved into major urban and commuter routes.