hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fourier–Deligne transform
In algebraic geometry, the Fourier–Deligne transform, or ℓ-adic Fourier transform, or geometric Fourier transform, is an operation on objects of the derived category of ℓ-adic sheaves over the affine line. It was introduced by Pierre Deligne on November 29, 1976 in a letter  to  David Kazhdan  as an analogue of the usual Fourier transform. It was used by Gérard Laumon to simplify Deligne's proof of the Weil conjectures.

David Kazhdan
David Kazhdan (Hebrew: דוד קשדן), born Dmitry Aleksandrovich Kazhdan (Russian: Дмитрий Александрович Каждан; born 20 June 1946), is a Soviet and Israeli mathematician known for work in representation theory. Kazhdan is a 1990 MacArthur Fellow.
Paweł Jan Sapieha
Paul John Sapieha (Lithuanian: Povilas Jonas Sapiega) (1609–1665) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic).

Sapieha became a Hussar Rotmistrz in 1633, courtier in 1635, Obozny of Lithuania in 1638, Podstoli of Lithuania in 1645, voivode of the Vitebsk Voivodeship in 1646, voivode of Vilnius and Grand Hetman of Lithuania in 1656.

He participated in the Battle of Berestechko against Cossacks in 1651. During The Deluge he dislodged the Swedish troops from Lublin, took part in the siege of Warsaw and captured Tykocin Castle in 1657. Together with Stefan Czarniecki, he defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Polonka in 1660.

He was a supporter of the vivente rege elections.

Battle of Berestechko
The Battle of Berestechko (28 June – 10 July 1651) was fought between the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day city of Berestechko in Ukraine forces of the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Otaman Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, Colonels Ivan Bohun and Fylon Dzhalaliy with Khan İslâm III Giray and Tugay Bey, who was killed in the battle, were defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's forces under the command of the Polish King John II Casimir, Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Hetmans Marcin Kalinowski and Stanisław Lanckoroński. It is considered to have been among the largest European land battles of the 17th century.
Extra-amniotic administration
Extra-amniotic administration is a route of administration to the space between the fetal membranes and endometrium inside the uterus of a pregnant woman.

It can be used to administer drugs affecting uterus motility, such as oxytocin and prostaglandins, e.g. in labor induction or medical abortion.

Endometrium
The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.  It has a basal layer and a functional layer: the basal layer contains stem cells which regenerate the functional layer. The functional layer thickens and then is shed during menstruation in humans and some other mammals, including other apes, Old World monkeys, some species of bat, the elephant shrew and the Cairo spiny mouse. In most other mammals, the endometrium is reabsorbed in the estrous cycle. During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the placenta, which supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo and fetus. The speculated presence of an endometrial microbiota
has been argued against.
Gonzales, Louisiana
Gonzales is a city in Ascension Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,231. Known as the "Jambalaya Capital of the World", it is famous for its annual Jambalaya Festival, which was first held in 1968.

St. James Parish, Louisiana
St. James Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Jacques) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Convent. The parish was created in 1807. St. James Parish is a part of the New Orleans–Metairie, Louisiana metropolitan statistical area, sitting between New Orleans and Baton Rouge on the Mississippi River. According to the 2020 United States census, the population was 20,192.
Lacto vegetarianism
A lacto-vegetarian (sometimes referred to as a lactarian; from the Latin root lact-, meaning milk) diet abstains from the consumption of eggs as well as meat, while still consuming dairy products such as milk, cheese (without animal rennet, i.e., from microbial sources), yogurt, butter, ghee, cream, and kefir, as well as honey.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Phil Garthwaite
Phil Garthwaite (born October 6, 1972) is a Democratic former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 49th Assembly District from 2006 until his defeat in 2010. He was a member of the Committees on Agriculture, Transportation, Rural Affairs, and Rural Economic Development and the Council on Highway Safety.

Garthwaite attended UW-River Falls. He is a graduate of Continental Auctioneers University in Mankato, MN and Madison Media Institute. He is a former radio director and on-air personality. He is also a farmer manager and member of the National Association of Farm Broadcasting and the National Dairy Shrine.

He was defeated for re-election by Travis Tranel in 2010.

University of Wisconsin–River Falls
The University of Wisconsin–River Falls (UW–River Falls or UWRF) is a public university in River Falls, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System. The 226-acre (91 ha) campus is on the Kinnickinnic River in the St. Croix River Valley. The university has 32 major buildings and two laboratory farms, with a total of 303 acres (123 ha) of land.

In 2024–25, UWRF had an enrollment of 5,222 students in more than 70 areas of study. UWRF is a member of the American Council of Education Internationalization Laboratory and provides several global studies and study abroad programs. The university also hosts the St. Croix Institute for Sustainable Community Development.
Lord Charles Montagu
Lord Charles Greville Montagu (1741 – 3 February 1784) was the last Royal Governor of the Province of South Carolina from 1766 to 1773, with William Bull II serving terms in 1768 and 1769–1771. He also was the commander of the Duke of Cumberland's Regiment during the American Revolution.

Province of South Carolina
The Province of South Carolina, originally known as Clarendon Province, was a province of the Kingdom of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776. It was one of the five Southern colonies and one of the Thirteen Colonies in America of the British Empire. The monarch of Great Britain was represented by the Governor of South Carolina, until the colonies declared independence on July 4, 1776.
Wait on Me
"Wait on Me" is a song performed by English pop band Rixton. It was released on 23 July 2014 as the second single from their debut album, Let the Road (2015). The song was written by Benny Blanco, Stargate, Wayne Hector, Ross Golan, Jennifer Decilveo, and Robopop, and it was produced by Blanco and Stargate.

Robopop
Daniel Omelio, often known by his stage name "Robopop", is a producer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. He is best known for his work on successful singles by Maroon 5, Gym Class Heroes and Lana Del Rey.
USS Black Hawk (1848)
USS Black Hawk was a large steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

She was assigned by the Union Navy to gunboat duty in the waterways of the rebellious Confederate States of America.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the second All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Tipperary were the winners.

The Laois (Queens County) team that lost to Tipperary were from the Portlaoise club. They are the only team in history not to get a single score in an All–Ireland football final.

It was Tipperary's first All-Ireland SFC title: they would win three more in 1895, 1900 and 1920. Football has since declined in the county, with hurling becoming more prominent.

Portlaoise GAA
Portlaoise GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) affiliated hurling, Gaelic football and camogie club based in Portlaoise, the county town of Laois in Ireland. Founded in 1887, the club has won several Laois Senior Football, Laois Senior Hurling and Laois Ladies' Senior Football Club Championships. The club won the 1982-93 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship. The club has its grounds at Rathleague townland, to the southeast of Portlaoise town.
1922 Princeton vs. Chicago football game
The 1922 Princeton vs. Chicago football game, played October 28, 1922, was a college football game between the Princeton Tigers and University of Chicago Maroons. The "hotly contested" match-up was the first game to be broadcast nationwide on radio. Princeton's team won, 21–18. It was to be the national champion of 1922, and in this game received its nickname, "Team of Destiny", from Grantland Rice.

Grantland Rice
Henry Grantland Rice (November 1, 1880 – July 13, 1954) was an American sportswriter, columnist, and poet from Tennessee known as the "Dean of American Sports Writers".  He published three books of poetry, and coined the famous phrase that it was not important whether you “won or lost, but how you played the game.”

His writing was known for its elegance and published in newspapers around the country, and broadcast on the radio.  He and his writing are among the reasons that the roaring 1920s in the United States are sometimes referred to as the "Golden Age of Sports".

In 1924, he nicknamed the Notre Dame backfield the "Four Horsemen".  In 1925 he replaced Walter Camp in selecting college football All-America teams. Rice set out to make heroes of sports figures who impressed him, most notably in baseball Babe Ruth, in boxing Jack Dempsey, in football Red Grange and Knute Rockne, in golf Bobby Jones and Babe Didrikson, and in tennis Bill Tilden.
Schuman metro station
Schuman (French pronunciation: [ʃuman]) is a Brussels Metro station on lines 1 and 5. It is located under the Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat in the City of Brussels, Belgium. The station received its name from the aboveground Robert Schuman Roundabout, itself named after Robert Schuman, one of the founding fathers of the European Union, the Council of Europe and NATO.

The station opened on 17 December 1969 as a premetro (underground tram) station on the tram line between De Brouckère and Schuman. This station was upgraded to full metro status on 20 September 1976, serving former east–west line 1 (further split in 1982 into former lines 1A and 1B). Then, following the reorganisation of the Brussels Metro on 4 April 2009, it now lies on the joint section of east–west lines 1 and 5.

The metro station is located under Schuman railway station, serving Brussels' European Quarter.

Founding fathers of the European Union
The founding fathers of the European Union are men who are considered to be major contributors to European unity and the development of what is now the European Union (EU). The number and list of the founding fathers of the EU varies depending on the source. A 2013 EU publication identified 11 men.

Some sources list only a subset of the 11 men as founding fathers. The Council of Europe lists six founding fathers as builders of Europe, including the Briton Ernest Bevin. The media outlet Deutsche Welle presented a different constellation, it listed Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, Winston Churchill, Robert Schuman, Jean Monnet and Paul-Henri Spaak as the five founding fathers of the EU. Other sources have emphasized Konrad Adenauer of West Germany, Alcide De Gasperi of Italy and Robert Schuman of France as the founding fathers from the three pioneers countries of the European unification.
1997 ASB Classic – Doubles
Els Callens and Julie Halard-Decugis were the defending champions but did not compete that year.

Janette Husárová and Dominique Van Roost won in the final 6–2, 6–7, 6–3 against Aleksandra Olsza and Elena Pampoulova.

Els Callens
Els Callens (born 20 August 1970) is a former professional female tennis player from Belgium.

Callens became professional in January 1990.
Her biggest achievement came in 2000 during the Summer Olympic Games in Sydney where she won the bronze medal in women's doubles, partnering Dominique Van Roost-Monami.

She retired on 26 October 2005, after losing her second-round match at the Gaz de France Stars tournament in Hasselt. She started a comeback, and finally retired from professional tennis in 2011.

Nowadays, she works as sports commentator for the Belgian public broadcast Eén.
1940–1945 African War Medal
The 1940–1945 African War Medal (French: Médaille de la Guerre Africaine 1940-1945, Dutch: Afrikaanse Oorlogsmedaille 1940-1945) was a Belgian war service medal established by royal decree of the Regent on 30 January 1947 and awarded to officers and soldiers for at least one year's service in the Force Publique between 10 May 1940 and 7 May 1945.  This service was not limited to the Belgian colonies of the Congo and Ruanda-Urundi but also included the Middle East, Nigeria, Madagascar and Burma, for which clasps were awarded for six months service in those areas.

Persons eligible for award of both the 1940–1945 Colonial War Effort Medal and the 1940–1945 African War Medal could only receive one of the two, usually the one earned for the longest period of service.

The 1940-1941 Belgian Ethiopian Campaign has his own medal : the Abyssinian Campaign Medal.

Prince Charles, Count of Flanders
Prince Charles, Count of Flanders (Dutch: Karel, German: Karl; 10 October 1903 – 1 June 1983) was a member of the Belgian royal family who served as regent of Belgium from 1944 until 1950, while a judicial commission investigated his elder brother, King Leopold III of Belgium, as to whether he betrayed the Allies of World War II by an allegedly premature surrender in 1940 and collaboration with the Nazis during the occupation of Belgium. Charles' regency ended when Leopold was allowed to return to Belgium. Shortly after returning and resuming his monarchical duties, Leopold abdicated in favour of his son, Baudouin.

During the Second World War Charles was known as General du Boc, in order to hide his identity for security reasons. He had an association with RAF Hullavington in Wiltshire, where many top officers from Allied nations were based or transported to and from.
Interleaving distance
In topological data analysis, the interleaving distance is a measure of similarity between persistence modules, a common object of study in topological data analysis and persistent homology. The interleaving distance was first introduced by Frédéric Chazal et al. in 2009. since then, it and its generalizations have been a central consideration in the study of applied algebraic topology and topological data analysis.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Robin E. Mitchell
Robin E. Mitchell (born 10 March 1946 in Levuka) is a Fijian sports official.

A practicing medical doctor since 1977, he obtained his medical degree at the University of Adelaide in Australia. He was the team physician for Fijian athletes at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games and South Pacific Games from 1984 to 1992. In 1994, he was elected as a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and remains a member to this day.

He served as Chairman of the South Pacific Games Organising Committee from 1997 to 2003, and simultaneously as President of the Fiji Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee from 1997 to 2005. He was Vice-President (1989–1993) then Secretary General (1993–2009) of the Oceania National Olympic Committees, and has served as its President since 2009. He is also, since 2001, a member of the Foundation Board of the World Anti-Doping Agency.

On October 20, 2022, he was appointed ANOC's president.

Levuka
Levuka (Fijian pronunciation: [leβuka] ⓘ) is a town on the eastern coast of the Fijian island of Ovalau, in Lomaiviti Province, in the Eastern Division of Fiji. Prior to 1877, it was the capital of Fiji. At the census in 2007, the last to date, Levuka town had a population of 1,131 (plus 3,266 living in the peri-urban area as defined by the Bureau of Statistics), about half of Ovalau's 8,900 inhabitants. It is the economic hub and the largest of 24 settlements on the island. Having been nominated decades prior, Levuka was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 2013, in recognition of the port town's exceptional testimony to the late colonial port towns in the Pacific.
Pike County Airport (Ohio)
Pike County Airport (ICAO: KEOP, FAA LID: EOP) is three miles  northeast of Waverly, a village in Pike County, Ohio. The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but this facility is EOP to the FAA and has no IATA code.

Pike County, Ohio
Pike County is a county located in the Appalachian (southern) region of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,088. Its county seat is Waverly, and the county is named for explorer Zebulon Pike.
Blue (LeAnn Rimes album)
Blue is the debut major-label album and third studio album by American country music artist LeAnn Rimes, released on July 9, 1996 in the United States, shortly before the singer’s fourteenth birthday, by Curb Records. It peaked at number three on the US Billboard 200, and number one on the Top Country Albums chart.

The album includes the singles "Blue", "Hurt Me", "One Way Ticket (Because I Can)", and "The Light in Your Eyes". Blue has been certified 6× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and is Rimes's best-selling album.

"Blue" was originally recorded by Bill Mack as a single released in 1958. "Hurt Me" and "My Baby" were originally recorded by the song's writer, Deborah Allen, on her 1994 album All That I Am. "Cattle Call," a duet with Eddy Arnold, was originally recorded by its writer, Tex Owens, as his 1934 single.

Tex Owens
Tex Owens (June 15, 1892 – September 9, 1962) was an American country music singer and songwriter, best remembered today for writing the Eddy Arnold hit Cattle Call. The oldest of thirteen children, he was born Doie Hensley Owens in Killeen, Texas into a large and musically talented family.  His brother was a singer and songwriter and his sister became a well-known Grand Ole Opry performer as Texas Ruby.
Diocese of Ningxia
The Diocese of Ningxia/Yinchuan (Latin: Nimsciian(us), simplified Chinese: 宁夏/银川; traditional Chinese: 寧夏/銀川; pinyin: Níngxià/Yínchuān) is a Latin Rite suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Suiyuan, in north(west)ern China, but depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

No statistics available. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, located in the city of Yinchuan, Ningxia autonomous region.

Suffragan diocese
A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Episcopal Church, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and the Romanian Orthodox Church.

In the Catholic Church, although such a diocese is governed by its own bishop or ordinary, who is the suffragan bishop, the metropolitan archbishop has in its regard certain rights and duties of oversight. He has no power of governance within a suffragan diocese, but has some limited rights and duties to intervene in cases of neglect by the authorities of the diocese itself.
Teksid
Teksid S.p.A. is an Italian company based in Carmagnola specialized in the production of iron, aluminum and magnesium castings for the automotive industry. Originally known as Ferriere Piemontesi, today Teksid is 100% owned by Stellantis, and was owned by its predecessors Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (2014-2020) and Fiat S.p.A. (1978-2014). The company was renamed Teksid in January 1978.

In 1998, the French car manufacturer Renault merged its foundry business with Teksid, creating a change of ownership with a share 66.5%/33.5% to Fiat and Renault respectively. 
By 2013 Fiat grew its share to 84.8% and Renault retains 15.2%.

The company owns five plants (three in Europe, and one each in South America and China), and employs 3,500 persons. Teksid produces engine blocks, cylinder heads, engine components, transmission parts, gearboxes and suspensions.

Teksid's products are used by various Stellantis companies, and also sold to third-party companies.

Carmagnola
Carmagnola (Italian: [karmaɲˈɲɔːla]; Piedmontese: Carmagnòla [karmaˈɲɔla] ⓘ) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located 29 kilometres (18 mi) south of Turin. The town is on the right side of the Po river. The nature of the soil determined over time how the river's sand accumulated.

Carmagnola borders the following municipalities: Poirino, Villastellone, Carignano, Lombriasco, Ceresole d'Alba, Racconigi, Sommariva del Bosco, Caramagna Piemonte.
Senkevychivka
Senkevychivka (Ukrainian: Сенкевичівка; Polish: Sienkiewiczówka) is a rural settlement in Lutsk Raion, Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the south of the oblast, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the city of Lutsk. Population: 1,208 (2022 estimate).

Lutsk
Lutsk (Ukrainian: Луцьк, IPA: [lutsʲk] ⓘ; see below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of Lutsk Raion within the oblast. Lutsk has a population of 220,986 (2022 estimate).

A city with almost a thousand years of history, recorded in 1085, Lutsk historically served as an administrative, cultural and religious center in Volhynia. The city contains several landmarks in various styles, including Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical, the most known being the medieval Lubart's Castle.