hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Differential rotation
Differential rotation is seen when different parts of a rotating object move with different angular velocities (or rates of rotation) at different latitudes and/or depths of the body and/or in time. This indicates that the object is not rigid. In fluid objects, such as accretion disks, this leads to shearing. Galaxies and protostars usually show differential rotation; examples in the Solar System include the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn.

Around the year 1610, Galileo Galilei observed sunspots and calculated the rotation of the Sun. In 1630, Christoph Scheiner reported that the Sun had different rotational periods at the poles and at the equator, in good agreement with modern values.

Shearing (physics)
In continuum mechanics, shearing refers to the occurrence of a shear strain, which is a deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another.  It is induced by a shear stress in the material.  Shear strain is distinguished from volumetric strain. The change in a material's volume in response to stress and change of angle is called the angle of shear.
2013 Tour of Zhoushan Island
The 2013 Tour of Zhoushan Island was a women's cycle stage race held in China from 16 to 18 May 2013. The tour has an UCI rating of 2.2. The race was eventually won by Giorgia Bronzini, marking Wiggle High5 first general classification victory.

Giorgia Bronzini
Giorgia Bronzini (born 3 August 1983) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2003 and 2017. She won the women's road race in the UCI Road World Championships in both 2010 and 2011 and the women's points race in the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2009.

Born in Piacenza, Bronzini took a total of 80 victories on the road and the track, including stages of the Giro d'Italia Femminile, La Route de France, the Tour of Qatar, the Tour of California, and the Tour of Chongming Island. After a 16-year career, in August 2018 Bronzini announced that she would retire at the end of the season and become a directeur sportif with Trek Bicycle Corporation's new women's team, Trek–Segafredo in 2019. She remained with the team until the end of the 2021 season, when she joined Liv Racing–Xstra in a similar role.
John Drummond of Milnab
John Drummond of Milnab (d. c.1550) was a 16th-century Scottish carpenter in charge of the woodwork of the palaces, castles and guns of James IV of Scotland and James V of Scotland.

John Drummond was the second son of James Drummond of Auchterader. A family history narrates that in 1521, John Drummond was given the lands and mill of Milnab in Strathearn, and the royal charter described him in Latin as; "Machinarum bellicarum ejaculator et carpentarius noster," - "keeper of the throwing machines of war and our carpenter." The gift was from the young king with the advice of his mother Margaret Tudor.

Culverin
A culverin was initially an ancestor of the hand-held arquebus, but the term was later used to describe a type of medieval and Renaissance cannon. The word is derived from the antiquated "culuering" and the French couleuvrine (from couleuvre "grass snake", following Latin: colubrinus, lit. 'of the nature of a snake').  From its origin as a hand-held weapon it was adapted for use as artillery by the French in the 15th century and for naval use by the English in the 16th century. The culverin as an artillery piece had a long smoothbore gun barrel with a relatively long range and flat trajectory, using solid round shot projectiles with high muzzle velocity.
Je suis et je resterai (song)
"Je suis et je resterai" (English: "I am and I will remain") is the second single by French R&B/pop singer-songwriter Leslie, taken from her debut studio album Je suis et je resterai (2002). The song was written by David Adet and Sarah Sebaï, and produced by Georges Padey and Martial "Kool" Louis. It was released on 27 August 2002 through EMC Records and M6 Interactions. "Je suis et je resterai" is a French R&B song, lyrically about one's personal challenges and growth throughout life.

Je suis et je resterai
Je suis et je resterai is the 2002 debut album by French R&B–pop singer Leslie. It contains the four singles, "Le bon choix", "Je suis et je resterai", "On n'sait jamais", and "Pardonner". The album peaked at number 41 on the Top French Albums Chart, and sold a total of 130,000 copies in France.
Anton Pann
Anton Pann (Romanian pronunciation: [anˈton ˈpan]; born Antonie Pantoleon-Petroveanu [anˈtoni.e pantoleˈon petroˈve̯anu], and also mentioned as Anton Pantoleon or Petrovici; 1790s—2 November 1854) was an Ottoman-born Wallachian composer, musicologist, and Romanian-language poet, also noted for his activities as a printer, translator, and schoolteacher. Pann was an influential folklorist and collector of proverbs, as well as a lexicographer and textbook author.

George Călinescu
George Călinescu (Romanian: [ˈdʒe̯ordʒe kəliˈnesku]; 19 June 1899 – 12 March 1965) was a Romanian literary critic, historian, novelist, academician, statesman and journalist, and a writer of classicist and humanist tendencies. He is currently considered one of the most important Romanian literary critics of all time, alongside Titu Maiorescu and Eugen Lovinescu, and is one of the outstanding figures of Romanian literature in the 20th century.
Dongji Rescue
Dongji Rescue (Chinese: 东极岛) is a 2025 Chinese historical war action film directed by Guan Hu and Fei Zhenxiang, and starring Zhu Yilong, Wu Lei and Ni Ni. Based on the real-life Lisbon Maru incident during World War II, the film tells the story of Chinese fishermen who risked their lives to save over 300 British prisoners of war after a Japanese transport ship sank off the coast of Zhoushan, east China's Zhejiang province, in 1942. The film was released in China on August 8, 2025.

Guan Hu
Guan Hu (Chinese: 管虎; pinyin: Guǎn Hǔ, born 1 August 1968) is a Chinese film director associated with the Sixth Generation movement. He is best known for directing the feature films Mr. Six (2015), The Eight Hundred (2020), and Black Dog (2024).
A' Chràlaig
A' Chralaig (Scottish Gaelic: A' Chràileag) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland, north of Loch Cluanie and south of Glen Affric. It is a Munro with a height of 1,120 metres (3,670 ft). It is the highest peak along Glen Shiel and can be easily climbed from the Cluanie Inn on the A87. The eastern slopes of the mountain, are owned by the Forestry Commission and are part of the Kintail National Scenic Area.

Despite being the highest peak on the ridge, it is considered less interesting than the route over Stob Coire na Cràlaig to the nearby Mullach Fraoch-choire. These two peaks may be combined with the neighbouring peaks of Sgurr nan Conbhairean and Sail Chaorainn to make the so-called "Cluanie Horseshoe", although no path connects A' Chràlaig with the peaks to the east.

Northwest Highlands
57°30′N 5°0′W﻿ / ﻿57.500°N 5.000°W﻿ / 57.500; -5.000
The Northwest Highlands are located in the northern third of Scotland that is separated from the Grampian Mountains by the Great Glen (Glen More). The region comprises Wester Ross, Assynt, Sutherland and part of Caithness. The Caledonian Canal, which extends from Loch Linnhe in the south-west, via Loch Ness to the Moray Firth in the north-east splits this area from the rest of the country. The city of Inverness and the town of Fort William serve as gateways to the region from the south.
Jacques Trullier, dit Lacombe
Jacques Trullier, dit Lacombe (c. 1763 – December 5, 1821) was a businessman and politician in Lower Canada. He represented Leinster in 1814 and then from 1816 to 1821 as a member of the Parti canadien.

He was born, probably in Boucherville, the son of Jacques Trullier, dit Lacombe and Marie-Anne Levasseur, and studied in Montreal. In 1788, he married Angélique Laurent. Sometime between then and 1794, he established himself as a merchant in L'Assomption, involved in the grain trade and potash production. He also constructed several houses there and operated an inn. Trullier, dit Lacombe was a justice of the peace and served as a major in the militia during the War of 1812. His election in 1814 was appealed on the grounds that he had bought votes and put pressure on voters who owed him money; he was disqualified following an investigation. Michel Prévost won the subsequent by-election. Trullier, dit Lacombe died in office at L'Assomption at the age of 56.

Parti canadien
The Parti canadien (French pronunciation: [paʁti kanadjɛ̃]) or Parti patriote (pronounced [paʁti patʁiɔt]) was a primarily francophone political party in what is now Quebec founded by members of the liberal elite of Lower Canada at the beginning of the 19th century. Its members were made up of liberal professionals and small-scale merchants, including François Blanchet, Pierre-Stanislas Bédard, John Neilson, Jean-Thomas Taschereau, James Stuart, Louis Bourdages, Denis-Benjamin Viger, Daniel Tracey, Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, Andrew Stuart and Louis-Joseph Papineau.
Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Newtown is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,268 at the 2020 census. It is located just west of the Trenton, New Jersey metropolitan area, and is part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area. It is entirely surrounded by Newtown Township, from which it separated in 1838. State Street is the main commercial thoroughfare with wide sidewalks, shops, taverns, and restaurants.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Angel Alcala
Angel Chua Alcala ONS (March 1, 1929 – February 1, 2023) was a Filipino biologist who was named a National Scientist of the Philippines in 2014. Alcala is known for his fieldwork to build sanctuaries and to promote biodiversity in the aquatic ecosystems of the Philippines. He was the Chairman of the Board of Advisers at the Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management located in Silliman University. Alcala published more than 200 peer-reviewed articles and books and his biological contributions to the environment and ecosystems have made him a renowned figure of natural sciences in the Philippines.

Aquatic ecosystem
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems may be lentic (slow moving water, including pools, ponds, and lakes); lotic (faster moving water, for example streams and rivers); and wetlands (areas where the soil is saturated or inundated for at least part of the time).
Loimijoki
The river Loimijoki is a river in Finland and the longest tributary of the river Kokemäenjoki. The river originates at the lake Pyhäjärvi in Tammela and joins the river Kokemäenjoki in Huittinen. There is a 54-metre (177 ft) difference in elevation between the source and the mouth of the river, which is 114 kilometres (71 mi) long. The river drains a catchment area of 3,140 square kilometres (1,210 sq mi). The river has several dams at Forssa, Jokioinen and Loimaa.

The Loimijoki river runs through the most fertile lands of Finland making its water  relatively muddy. The river was badly polluted by sewage of industry and population centers along the river, but since the 1980s the river has been starting to recover and currently the river sees also recreational use like fishing and water sports.

Huittinen
Huittinen (Swedish: Vittis) is a town and municipality in Finland. It is located in the Satakunta region, 63 kilometres (39 mi) southeast of Pori and 75 kilometres (47 mi) southwest of Tampere. The town has a population of 9,618 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 539.59 square kilometres (208.34 sq mi) of which 6.97 km2 (2.69 sq mi) is water. The population density is 18.06 inhabitants per square kilometre (46.8/sq mi).

The town is unilingually Finnish. Municipality of Vampula was consolidated with Huittinen on 1 January 2009.

The Huittinen coat of arms is designed by Erkki Honkanen in 1953.

Risto Ryti, the president of Finland in 1940–44, was born in Huittinen in 1889.
Well test (oil and gas)
In the petroleum industry, a well test is the execution of a set of planned data acquisition activities. The acquired data is analyzed to broaden the knowledge and increase the understanding of the hydrocarbon properties therein and characteristics of the underground reservoir where the hydrocarbons are trapped.

The test will also provide information about the state of the particular well used to collect data. The overall objective is identifying the reservoir's capacity to produce hydrocarbons, such as oil, natural gas and condensate.

Data gathered during the test period includes volumetric flow rate and pressure observed in the selected well. Outcomes of a well test, for instance flow rate data and gas oil ratio data, may support the well allocation process for an ongoing production phase, while other data about the reservoir capabilities will support reservoir management.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Allentown Ambassadors
The Allentown Ambassadors were an independent baseball team that competed in the Northeast League and the Northern League from 1997 until 2003. They played their home games at Bicentennial Park in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Francisco Matos
Francisco Aguirre Matos Mancebo (born April 8, 1970) is a Dominican former professional baseball player and current professional baseball coach. Signed as a free agent from his home region of Azua, Matos entered the world of Major League Baseball with appearances in 14 games for the Oakland Athletics during the 1994 season, primarily as a second baseman, though another area of tact to scouts included short-stop. Throughout his playing career, Matos earned his veteran status with his strong batting average and flexibility in playing positions, as he played second baseman, shortstop, and third baseman.
Francis Mastin Wright
Francis Mastin Wright (July 14, 1810 – January 16, 1869) was a Republican politician in the U.S. State of Ohio who was Ohio State Auditor (1856–1860).

Francis Wright was born in Frederick County, Virginia, and ended up in Clark County, Ohio, where he was educated in the country schools. He was a merchant in Springfield, Ohio and later Urbana, Ohio. He was elected as a Whig for County Auditor of Champaign County.

In 1855, as a Republican, he defeated incumbent Democrat William Duane Morgan for Ohio State Auditor, but declined a second term. He returned to Urbana in 1860, and was appointed Internal Revenue Collector by President Lincoln. He resigned in 1867 and died at Urbana January 16, 1869.

Urbana, Ohio
Urbana is a city in Champaign County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located about 34 miles (55 km) northeast of Dayton and 41 miles (66 km) west of Columbus. The population was 11,115 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Urbana micropolitan area. Urbana was laid out in 1805, and for a time in 1812 was the headquarters of the Northwestern army during the War of 1812. It is the burial place of the explorer and soldier Simon Kenton. The city was home to Urbana University and Curry Normal and Industrial Institute, a school for African American students.
Shubho Mahurat
Shubho Mahurat is a 2003 Indian Bengali mystery thriller film directed by Rituparno Ghosh. The film is based on Agatha Christie's 1962 Miss Marple detective novel The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side. Its ensemble cast includes Sharmila Tagore, Rakhee Gulzar, Nandita Das, Tota Roy Chowdhury, Anindya Chatterjee, Moumita Gupta and Rajesh Sharma. It won two National Film awards, those of Best Feature film in Bengali and Best Supporting Actress for Rakhee.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
Swiss watchmaking industry
The Swiss watchmaking industry is a major manufacturing sector in Switzerland that produces luxury timepieces and components. Operating primarily in the premium and luxury segments, the industry accounts for approximately 4% of Switzerland's GDP and represents the country's third-largest export sector after chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and machinery. In terms of value, Switzerland is the world's largest exporter of watches, though it produces only about 2% of global watch volume.

The Swatch Group
The Swatch Group Ltd is a Swiss manufacturer of watches and jewellery. The company was founded in 1983 through the merger of ASUAG and SSIH, moving to manufacturing quartz-crystal watches to resolve the quartz crisis threatening the traditional Swiss watchmaking industry.

The Swatch Group is the largest watch company in the world and employs about 31,000 people in 50 countries. The group owns the Swatch product line and other luxury brands, including Blancpain, Breguet, Certina, ETA, Glashütte Original, Hamilton, Harry Winston, Longines, Mido, Omega, Rado, and Tissot.
Marcos Pizzelli
Marcos Pinheiro Pizzelli (pronounced [pitˈtsɛlli]; Armenian: Մարկոս Պինեյրո Պիզզելլի; born 3 October 1984), commonly known as Marcos, is a former professional footballer. Born in Brazil, Marcos represented Armenia internationally between 2008 and 2019.

FC Metalurh Donetsk
Football Club Metalurh Donetsk (Ukrainian: Футбо́льний клуб «Металу́рг» Доне́цьк, pronounced [metɐˈlurɦ doˈnɛtsʲk]) was a Ukrainian professional football club based in Donetsk that went bankrupt in July 2015.
Dmitri Protopopov
Dmitri Zakharovich Protopopov (Russian: Дми́трий Заха́рович Протопо́пов; 4 October 1897 – 3 March 1986) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from April 1938 to August 1946. He was a member of the Communist Party since 1917. He was twice awarded the Order of Lenin. He was an ethnic Russian, born in Kostyonki, Voronezh Oblast, Russian Empire.

Kostyonki, Voronezh Oblast
Kostyonki (Russian: Костёнки, lit. "small bones"), also spelled Kostenki, is a rural locality (a selo) in Khokholsky District of Voronezh Oblast, Russia, located on western middle bank of the Don River.

It is known for its archaeological sites with a high concentration of cultural remains of anatomically modern humans from the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic era.
Bell House (Colonial Beach, Virginia)
Bell House, also known as the summer home of Alexander Graham Bell, is a historic home located at Colonial Beach, Westmoreland County, Virginia. It is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay Stick Style frame dwelling originally built between 1883 and 1885 for Helen and Colonel J.O.P Burnside.  It features a wraparound porch with turned posts and sawn brackets and a central projecting tower with a pyramidal roof and balcony overhang.  Also on the property are a contributing privy and garage (c. 1930).  Alexander Graham Bell inherited the property in 1907 from his father Alexander Melville Bell, who acquired it in 1886, and held it continuously until 1918.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.
Sweltzer River
The Sweltzer River is a river in British Columbia, Canada, that drains the waters of Cultus Lake into the Chilliwack River.  It is about 3 kilometres (2 mi) long, and much of it runs through Soowahlie Indian Reserve No. 14, which is under the administration of the Soowahlie Indian Band.

The name Sweltzer River was applied on an 1895 map to Liumchen Creek, which is to the northeast.

Soowahlie First Nation
Soowahlie First Nation, or Soowahlie Band (Halkomelem: Th'ewá:lí), is a band government of the Sto:lo people located in the Upper Fraser Valley region at Cultus Lake, British Columbia, Canada.  They are a member government of the Stó:lō Tribal Council. The Reserve land area currently comprises 533.4 hectares and has a population of 373.
Neoleucinodes elegantalis
Neoleucinodes elegantalis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It ìs found in Mexico, Costa Rica, Cuba, Honduras, Grenada, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela.

The larvae feed by burrowing into the fruit of Solanum species, including Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum betaceum, Solanum quitoense, Solanum sessiliflorum, Solanum acerifolium, Solanum atropurpureum, Solanum crinitum, Solanum torvum, Solanum hirtum, Solanum lycocarpum, Solanum pseudolulo, Solanum viarum and Solanum sisymbriifolium, as well as Capsicum annuum. They feed on the flesh and seed of the fruit.

Solanum torvum
Solanum torvum, also known as pendejera, turkey berry, devil's fig, pea eggplant, platebrush or susumber, is a bushy, erect and spiny  perennial plant used horticulturally as a rootstock for eggplant. Grafted plants are very vigorous and tolerate diseases affecting the root system, thus allowing the crop to continue for a second year.