hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Peters (athlete)
James Henry Peters (24 October 1918 – 9 January 1999) was a long-distance runner from England. He broke the world record for the men's marathon four times during the 1950s. He was the first runner to complete a marathon in under 2 hours 20 minutes – an achievement which was equated to the breaking of the four-minute mile.

Four-minute mile
A four-minute mile is the completion of a mile run (1.609 km) in four minutes or less. It translates to an average speed of 15 miles per hour (24 km/h). It is a standard for male professional middle-distance runners in several countries.

The first four-minute mile is usually attributed to the English athlete Roger Bannister, who ran it in 1954 at age 25 in 3:59.4. The mile record has since been lowered by 16.27 seconds. According to World Athletics statistics, the "four-minute barrier" has been broken by just over 2,000 athletes. The record for the fastest time stands at 3:43.13, achieved by the Moroccan athlete Hicham El Guerrouj, at age 24, in 1999. There has not yet been a woman who has run a four-minute mile.
Selenium compounds
Selenium compounds are compounds containing the element selenium (Se). Among these compounds, selenium has various oxidation states, the most common ones being −2, +4, and +6. Selenium compounds exist in nature in the form of various minerals, such as clausthalite, guanajuatite, tiemannite, crookesite etc., and can also coexist with sulfide minerals such as pyrite and chalcopyrite. For many mammals, selenium compounds are essential. For example, selenomethionine and selenocysteine are selenium-containing amino acids present in the human body. Selenomethionine participates in the synthesis of selenoproteins. The reduction potential and pKa (5.47) of selenocysteine are lower than those of cysteine, making some proteins have antioxidant activity. Selenium compounds have important applications in semiconductors, glass and ceramic industries, medicine, metallurgy and other fields.

Selenocysteine
Selenocysteine (symbol Sec or U, in older publications also as Se-Cys) is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Selenoproteins contain  selenocysteine residues. Selenocysteine is an analogue of the more common cysteine with selenium in place of the sulfur.

Selenocysteine is present in several enzymes (for example glutathione peroxidases, tetraiodothyronine 5′ deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, formate dehydrogenases, glycine reductases, selenophosphate synthetase 2, methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1 (SEPX1), and some hydrogenases). It occurs in all three domains of life, including important enzymes (listed above) present in humans.

Selenocysteine was discovered in 1974 by biochemist Thressa Stadtman at the National Institutes of Health.
Jörð
Jörð (Old Norse: Jǫrð, lit. 'earth'), also named Fjorgyn or Hlodyn, is the personification of Earth and a goddess in Norse mythology. She is the mother of the thunder god Thor and a sexual partner of Odin. Jörð is attested in Danish history Gesta Danorum, composed in the 12th century by Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus; the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century by an unknown individual or individuals; and the Prose Edda, also composed in the 13th century. Her name is often employed in skaldic poetry and kennings as a poetic term for land or Earth.

Völuspá
Völuspá (also Vǫluspá, Vǫlospá, or Vǫluspǫ́; Old Norse: 'Prophecy of the völva, a seeress') is the best known poem of the Poetic Edda. It dates back to the tenth century and tells the story from Norse Mythology of the creation of the world, its coming end, and its subsequent rebirth that is related to the audience by a völva addressing Odin. Her name is given twice as Heiðr. The poem is one of the most important primary sources for the study of Norse mythology. Parts of the poem appear in the Prose Edda, but the earliest known wholly preserved version of the poem is in the Codex Regius and Hauksbók manuscripts.
Artist-run space
An artist-run space or artist-run centre (Canada) is a gallery or other facility operated or directed by artists, frequently circumventing the structures of public art centers, museums, or commercial galleries and allowing for a more experimental program. An artist-run initiative (ARI) is any project run by artists, including sound or visual artists, to present their and others' projects. They might approximate a traditional art gallery space in appearance or function, or they may take a markedly different approach, limited only by the artist's understanding of the term. "Artist-run initiatives" is an umbrella name for many types of artist-generated activity.

Shoreditch
Shoreditch is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Hackney alongside neighbouring parts of Tower Hamlets, which are also perceived as part of the area due to historic ecclesiastical links. Shoreditch lies just north-east of the border with the City of London and is considered to be a part of London's East End.

In the 16th century, Shoreditch was an important centre of the Elizabethan theatre, and it has been an important entertainment centre since that time. Today, it hosts many pubs, bars and nightclubs. The most commercial areas lie closest to the City of London and along the A10 Road, with the rest mostly residential.
X Games Los Angeles 2013
The X Games Los Angeles 2013 was an action sporting event which took place from August 1–4, 2013 in Los Angeles, California, United States. Venues for the event included the Staples Center, Irwindale Event Center, and the streets near L.A. Live. It was the first year that events were held in Irwindale.

It was the fourth and last Summer X Games held in 2013, after events in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil (April 18–21); Barcelona, Spain (May 9–12); and Munich, Germany (June 27–30).

It was the last year for Los Angeles to host the X Games, with Austin, Texas replacing the event in 2014.

L.A. Live
L.A. Live is an entertainment complex in the South Park District of downtown Los Angeles, California. It is adjacent to the Crypto.com Arena and the Los Angeles Convention Center.

L.A. Live was developed by Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) (which Anschutz is based in and L.A. Live is the flagship of), Wachovia Corp, Azteca Corp, investment firm MacFarlane Partners, and with tax deferments paid by Los Angeles taxpayers. It cost approximately US$2.5 billion to build. The architectural firm responsible for the master plan and phase two buildings was Baltimore-based RTKL Associates.

With the adjoining Los Angeles Convention Center and Crypto.com Arena, LA Live will be part of the "Downtown Sports Park" cluster for the upcoming 2028 Summer Olympics being held in Los Angeles.
Marsala (surname)
Marsala is an Italian surname, originated from the city of Marsala, in Sicily. Notable people with the surname include:

Joe Marsala (1907–1978), Italian-American jazz clarinetist and songwriter

Marty Marsala (1909–1975), American jazz trumpeter, brother of Joe

Marsala
Marsala (Italian: [marˈsaːla], local Sicilian: [maɪsˈsaːla]; Latin: Lilybaeum) is a city and comune located in the Province of Trapani in the westernmost part of Sicily. With a population of 79,693, Marsala is the fifth largest city in Sicily.

The town is famous for the docking of Giuseppe Garibaldi on 11 May 1860 (the Expedition of the Thousand) and for its Marsala wine. A feature of the area is the Stagnone Lagoon Natural Reserve – a marine area with salt ponds.
Ketkibari Union
Ketkibari Union (Bengali: কেতকীবাড়ী ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Domar Upazila,  in Nilphamari District, Rangpur Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 18.51 square kilometres (7.15 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 24,800. There are 3 villages and 3 mouzas in the union.

Nilphamari District
Nilphamari District (Bengali: নীলফামারী জেলা) is a district in Northern Bangladesh. It is a part of Rangpur Division. It is about 350 kilometers to the northwest of the capital Dhaka. It has an area of 1,580.85 square kilometres (610.37 sq mi). Nilphamari is bounded by Rangpur and Lalmonirhat in east, Rangpur and Dinajpur in south, Dinajpur and Panchagarh in west, Cooch Behar of India in north. The headquarters of the district is in Nilphamari city, which is widely regarded as the industrial city of Northern Bangladesh. Saidpur which is major business center of the district also serves as connecting hub of Rangpur.
Michael Dargan
Michael James Dargan (9 October 1928 – 17 June 2023) was an Irish cricketer. A right-handed batsman, he played once for the Ireland cricket team, a first-class match against the MCC In September 1954. He is married to Freda Dargan. He also played two rugby union Test matches for Ireland In the 1952 Five Nations Championship. Dargan died in Booterstown in Dublin on 17 June 2023, at the age of 94.

1952 Five Nations Championship
The 1952 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-third series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-eighth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 12 January and 5 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Wales won their 5th Grand Slam and a 9th Triple Crown.
Victoria Basin forest–savanna mosaic
The Victoria Basin forest–grassland mosaic is an ecoregion that lies mostly in Uganda and extends into neighboring countries. The ecoregion is centered north and west of Lake Victoria, with an outlier on the border of Ethiopia and South Sudan.

Entandrophragma angolense
Entandrophragma angolense, called the tiama, is a tree species with alternate, pinnately compound leaves that are clustered at the ends of branches. It is within the family Meliaceae and has a wide distribution area, occurring in moist semi-deciduous and evergreen forest regions of Tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Uganda.

Harvesting for timber has caused the species to become vulnerable in certain countries.
Roscommon Gaels GAA
Roscommon Gaels GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club located in Roscommon in County Roscommon, Ireland. The club fields teams, in both hurling and Gaelic football, in competitions organised by the Roscommon County Board.

Roscommon GAA
The Roscommon County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Ros Comáin) or Roscommon GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Roscommon.

The county board is also responsible for the Roscommon county teams.

The county football team was the third from the province of Connacht to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), following Galway and Mayo. It competes in the Connacht Senior Football Championship, which it has won 23 times. The team won back-to-back All-Ireland SFC titles in 1943 and 1944.
Siege of Hikida Castle
The 1573 siege of Hikida Castle (疋壇城の戦い, Hikida-jō no Tatakai) was one of many battles the warlord Oda Nobunaga fought against the Azai and Asakura clans during Japan's Sengoku period. These two families were among the staunchest opponents of Nobunaga's attempts to seize land and power for himself.

In summer 1573, Nobunaga led 30,000 forces marched from Gifu Castle to Omi province to besieged Odani Castle, which was held by Azai Nagamasa. In respond, Asakura Yoshikage, led a 20,000 forces to relieve and reinforce the Azai garrison. However, Nobunaga's forces turned around to attack Yoshikage's. Later, when Yoshikage came under attack by Nobunaga's army, he sought refuge in Hikida Castle, and came under siege himself.

Hikida castle fell on August 10, and Yoshikage fled back to his home castle at Echizen province.

Azai Nagamasa
Azai Nagamasa (浅井 長政; 1545 – 26 September 1573) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period known as the brother-in-law and enemy of Oda Nobunaga. Nagamasa was head of the Azai clan seated at Odani Castle in northern Ōmi Province and married Nobunaga's sister Oichi in 1564, fathering her three daughters – Yodo-dono, Ohatsu, and Oeyo – who became prominent figures in their own right.

Nagamasa became one of Nobunaga's enemies in 1570 due to the Azai alliance with the Asakura clan, and fought against Nobunaga at major battles including the Battle of Anegawa. Nagamasa and his clan were destroyed by Nobunaga in August 1573, and he committed seppuku during the siege of Odani Castle.
Bill Tuttle
William Robert Tuttle (July 4, 1929 – July 27, 1998) was an American professional baseball player. Primarily a center fielder, he appeared in 1,270 games played in Major League Baseball over 11 seasons for the Detroit Tigers (1952; 1954–1957), Kansas City Athletics (1958–1961) and Minnesota Twins (1961–1963). Tuttle also played 85 games as a third baseman during 1961 for the Twins; they were the only MLB games he ever played at the "hot corner." He threw and batted right-handed, stood 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and weighed 190 pounds (86 kg).

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
Aleksander Lesser
Aleksander Lesser (13 May 1814 – 13 March 1884) was a Polish painter, illustrator, sketch artist, art critic, and amateur researcher of antiquities. Lesser was Jewish, and became one of the first artists to depict scenes from modern Jewish history in Poland. He specialized in Polish historical and contemporary themes, and he was known and respected in artistic and scholarly circles. He was a member of Kraków's Academy of Learning and co-founder of Warsaw's Zachęta, the Society for Encouragement of the Fine Arts.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Concerto DSCH
Concerto DSCH is a ballet by Alexei Ratmansky choreographed for the New York City Ballet to the music of
Dmitri Shostakovich's Piano Concerto No. 2 in F Major, Op. 102 (1957). The premiere took place on Thursday, May 29, 2008, at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center.  The ballet's title derives from the composer's use of DSCH, his musical monogram. Wendy Whelan, one of the creators of the ballet, performed the second movement of the ballet at her farewell performance.

DSCH motif
DSCH is a musical motif used by the composer Dmitri Shostakovich to represent himself. It is a musical cryptogram in the manner of the BACH motif, consisting of the notes D, E-flat, C, B natural, or in German musical notation D, Es, C, H (pronounced as "De-Es-Ce-Ha"), thus standing for the composer's initials in German transliteration: D. Sch. (Dmitri Schostakowitsch).
Daryayi
Daryayi was an old silk fabric. It may have been named for the fabric's wavy or striped pattern, as in darya, دریا), which means 'river' in Central Asian Persian. Daryayi silk was made in Meerut and Lucknow until the late eighteenth century by weavers known as daryayi baff. These weavers, most likely migrated to India from Central Asia, a well-known silk-weaving region between the Syr and Amu Darya rivers. This twelve-inch-wide fabric comes in a range of colors like red, yellow, blue, green, and white. Daryayi was used as a patka (bridegroom's sash) in Hindu wedding ceremonies, or as a border for women's clothing.

Abul Fazl included Daryayi silk in his list of contemporary silk textiles.

Daryayi silk has 480 single warp yarns or 280 double warp yarns in its weave structure.

Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for needlework. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials, and comes in a variety of colors and thicknesses (referred to as "weights"). Although yarn may be dyed different colours, most yarns are solid coloured with a uniform hue.
Lady Shirai
Lady Shirai (白井局 Shirai no Tsubone, d. 1565) was a Japanese noble lady and aristocrat from the Sengoku period. She was born to the Nagao clan in Shirai, who were head retainers to the Uesugi clan in Kantō. She was the wife of Narita Nagayasu, the lord of Oshi castle in Musashi. She is also thought to be either the daughter or granddaughter of Nagao Kageharu. Lady Shirai was a retainer of the Ashikaga Shogunate, fought and died during the Incident of Kyoto in 1565, when Ashikaga Yoshiteru was killed.

Uesugi clan
The Uesugi clan (上杉氏, Uesugi-shi, historically also Uyesugi) is a Japanese samurai clan which was at its peak one of the most powerful during the Muromachi and Sengoku periods (14th to 17th centuries). At its height, the clan had three main branches: the Ōgigayatsu, Inukake, and Yamanouchi. Its most well-known member is the warlord Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578).

During the Edo period, the Uesugi were a tozama or outsider clan, in contrast with the fudai or insider daimyō clans which had been hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan.
Curtis Crowe
Curtis Hudgins Crowe is the drummer for the Athens, Georgia, rock band Pylon. He is a native of Marietta, Georgia, and is the middle child of five children. Crowe moved to Athens to attend the University of Georgia art school. His sister Rhett Crowe was later the bass player for the band Guadalcanal Diary, a fixture on the college music scene back in the 1980s and 1990s. He has also been involved in several other music projects such as Strictly American and Dodd Ferrelle and the Tinfoil Stars.

DB Records
DB Records (stylized as DB RECS) was a record label owned by Danny Beard, active from 1978 to 1997. The label was operated out of the Wax'n'Facts record store in the Atlanta, Georgia neighborhood of Little Five Points. Through the 1980s, the label became known as a source of southern regional music.
Dharamabad
Dharamabad is a village in Dera Baba Nanak in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from sub district headquarter and 48 kilometres (30 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Dera Baba Nanak
Dera Baba Nanak is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district, in the state of Punjab, India. It is the sub-district headquarters of Dera Baba Nanak tehsil. It is 36 km away from Gurdaspur city, the capital of the district. In November 2019, a corridor between India and Pakistan was established at its shrine.
Sudra (headdress)
The sudra (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סודרא‎, romanized: suḏārā; Hebrew: סוּדָר, romanized: suḏār) is a rectangular piece of cloth that has been worn as a headdress, scarf, or neckerchief in ancient Jewish tradition. Over time, it held many different functions and is today sometimes understood to be of great cultural and/or religious significance to Jews.

It is mentioned in various ancient and medieval Jewish and Christian religious texts in Aramaic and Koine Greek, written in or around the Near East. Among them are the New Testament, the Targum Neofiti, the Peshitta, the Babylonian Talmud (this text makes numerous mentions of the sudra and is an important source for the role it played in Jewish life at the time), and the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan.

Jewish culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthopraxy and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, art and architecture, cuisine and traditional dress, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of secularization, wholly secular Jewish culture emerged likewise.
Abidda
Abidda is the name of an ancient Roman city in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis or in late antiquity in the province of Byzacena. The exact location of the town is not known for certain but it was in northern Tunisia; the ruins at Henchir-Ksour-Abbeda outside of Semta (Dzemda) has been suggested as its location.

Abidda was the seat of an ancient bishopric and remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church to this day.

Semta (Africa)
Semta was a Roman era Municipium also known as Augustum Semta in Africa Proconsularis that is tentatively identified with ruins at Henchir Zemba (Dzemda)  Carthage, Tunisia near  the Oued el Kebir 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Zaghouan at 36.269282, 9.887345.
Caphys
Caphys is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863, who designated the type species as Caphys bilinea, a junior synonym for Caphys bilineata. Further information on the creature can be done through BugGuide where one can easily identify insects, spiders and species from their kin that habituate across the United States and Canada.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Vakhsh Range
Vakhsh Range (Russian: Вахшский хребет; Tajik: қаторкӯҳи Вахш; Uzbek: Vaxsh tizmasi) is a mountain range in Tajikistan, forming the north-west border of Khatlon Province with the Region of Republican Subordination. It stretches for a length of about 80 km along the left bank in the middle course of the Vakhsh River. Maximum altitude is 3,141 meters (10,305 ft). Composed of sandstone, limestone, and clay. Semidesert and subtropical steppe. Ваш это тавилдара (Kyzylsu River) rises on its southern slopes.

38°40′54″N 69°53′34″E﻿ / ﻿38.68167°N 69.89278°E﻿ / 38.68167; 69.89278

Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction
Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, also translated as Districts under Republican Subordination (Russian: Районы республиканского подчинения; Tajik: Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ, romanized: Nohiyahoyi tobe’i jumhuriy), is a region in Tajikistan, consisting of 9 districts and 4 district-level cities that are directly under central administration. Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is surrounded by the Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, but not part of it. The region shares a border with Dushanbe, Sughd, GBAO, Khatlon, Kyrgyzstan (Batken and Osh regions) and Uzbekistan (Surxondaryo). The region covers an area of 28,500 square kilometres, and has a total population of 2,165,900 (2020). The Districts' ethnic composition in 2010 was 85% Tajik and 11.7% Uzbek.