hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pure sociology
Like rational choice theory, conflict theory, or functionalism, pure sociology is a sociological paradigm — a strategy for explaining human behavior.  Developed by Donald Black as an alternative to individualistic and social-psychological theories, pure sociology was initially used to explain variation in legal behavior.  Since then, Black and other pure sociologists have used the strategy to explain terrorism, genocide, lynching, and other forms of conflict management as well as science, art, and religion.

American Sociological Review
The American Sociological Review (abbreviated ASR) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes original research and book reviews in the field of sociology and related social sciences. It is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the American Sociological Association. It was established in 1936. Along with the American Journal of Sociology, it is considered one of the top journals in the academic field of sociology. The editors-in-chief are David Cort (University of Massachusetts Amherst), Laurel Smith-Doerr (University of Massachusetts Amherst), and Donald Tomaskovic-Devey (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
Phantom (producer)
Ayobami Olaleye professionally known as Phantom is a multi-gold, award-winning Afrobeats record producer, singer, and songwriter. In 2020, he became the third Nigerian Afrobeats producer in history to be certified by Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP) after Burna Boy’s "Ye" became a certified gold record in France. The song earned him an award at 2019 Soundcity MVP Awards Festival, in the African Producer of the Year category, with a nomination at The Headies, in the Producer of the Year category.

On 8 August 2022, he was cited as one of the producers on the TurnTable Nigeria Producer Top 100 chart, and reached number 17.

The Headies Award for Producer of the Year
The Headies Award for Producer of the Year is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. It was first presented to Don Jazzy in 2006.
Charles Moose
Charles Alexander Moose (August 4, 1953 – November 25, 2021) was an American author and police officer. He was the primary official in charge of efforts to apprehend the D.C. snipers in October 2002. During his law enforcement career, Moose served as the chief of police for Montgomery County, Maryland, and Portland, Oregon.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
S1W reactor
The S1W reactor was the first prototype naval reactor used by the United States Navy to prove that the technology could be used for electricity generation and propulsion on submarines.

The designation of "S1W" stands for

S = Submarine platform

1 = First generation core designed by the contractor

W = Westinghouse was the contracted designer

and is a later Navy designation. During the plant's early years the project name was "Submarine Thermal Reactor" (STR)

The land-based nuclear reactor was built at the National Reactor Testing Station, later called Idaho National Engineering Laboratory near Arco, Idaho.
The plant was the prototype for the power system of USS Nautilus (SSN-571), the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, which used the improved S2W reactor. The specific location within the vast Idaho National Laboratory where the S1W prototype was located was the Naval Reactors Facility.

Nuclear reactor core
A nuclear reactor core is the portion of a nuclear reactor containing the nuclear fuel components where the nuclear reactions take place and the heat is generated.  Typically, the fuel will be low-enriched uranium contained in thousands of individual fuel pins.  The core also contains structural components, the means to both moderate the neutrons and control the reaction, and the means to transfer the heat from the fuel to where it is required, outside the core.
1863 Orange colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Orange on 4 November 1863. The by-election was triggered because James Martin had replaced Charles Cowper as Premier, establishing his first ministry. While the title of Premier was widely used to refer to the Leader of Government, it was not a formal position until 1920 and the Premier also held a formal position in the cabinet, in Martin's case this position was Attorney-General. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion, Peter Faucett (Yass), William Forster (East Sydney) and Arthur Holroyd (Parramatta) were unopposed. The two other ministers, Geoffrey Eagar (West Sydney) and Bowie Wilson (Goldfields South) were easily re-elected, with more than 90% of the vote.

Charles Cowper's son, Charles Cowper Jr., was also a member of parliament and resigned from The Tumut to challenge Martin at the by-election.

Electoral district of East Sydney
East Sydney was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly, in the Australian colony of New South Wales created in 1859 from part of the Electoral district of Sydney City, covering the eastern part of the current Sydney central business district, Woolloomooloo, Potts Point, Elizabeth Bay and Darlinghurst, bordered by George Street to the east, Boundary Street to the west, and, from the creation of South Sydney in 1880, Liverpool Street and Oxford Street, to the south. It elected four members simultaneously, with voters casting four votes and the first four candidates being elected. For the 1894 election, it was replaced by the single-member electorates of Sydney-King, Sydney-Fitzroy and Sydney-Bligh.
Grandview High School (Colorado)
Grandview High School is the third-largest high school in the Cherry Creek School District. Grandview opened in 1998 as the district's fifth high school, built to accommodate a population boom in the district's growing southeastern region. Grandview is located in Aurora, Colorado and uses the wolf as its mascot, sporting the colors of blue, black, and white.

Aurora, Colorado
Aurora (/əˈroʊrə/, /əˈrɔːrə/) is a home rule city located in Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties, Colorado, United States. The city's population was 386,261 at the 2020 United States census with 336,035 living in Arapahoe County, 47,720 in Adams County, and 2,506 in Douglas County. Aurora is the third-most-populous city in the State of Colorado and the 51st-most-populous city in the United States. Aurora is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Combined Statistical Area, and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Sam Dunell
Samuel Luke Dunell (born 21 February 1990) is an Australian rules football player who played for the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) and then played for Williamstown in the Victorian Football League (VFL) from 2015-2019 where he played 100 games for them, kicking 158 goals. He played for Victoria against SA in 2016 and was twice named in the VFL Team of the Year. He finished 2nd in the VFL Liston trophy in 2015 capping off the season with an all conquering premiership win against Box Hill at Docklands. At one stage he was considered the best player in the VFL. He was Club leading goalkicker in 2015 with 41 majors and 2016 with 37 goals, and was runner-up in the Club best and fairest in 2015 and in third place in 2016. He received life membership in 2019 after his final game for Williamstown in the 2019 grand defeat defeat by Richmond.

Williamstown Football Club
The Williamstown Football Club, nicknamed the Seagulls, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Williamstown. The club currently competes in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and VFL Women's (VFLW) competitions.
Axel Beer
Axel Beer (born 17 February 1956) is a German musicologist. He has been teaching at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz since 1995.

Born in Fulda, Beer studied musicology, Latin philology and auxiliary sciences of history at the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (class 1987).

University of Mainz
The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (German: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. It has been named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. As of 2018, it had approximately 32,000 students enrolled in around 100 academic programs. The university is organized into 11 faculties.

The university is a member of the German U15, a group of fifteen major research and medical universities in Germany. It also participates in the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar and forms part of the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU) along with Goethe University Frankfurt and Technische Universität Darmstadt.

The first university of Mainz was founded in 1477, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, although it was later closed and re-founded 148 years later.
Co-Cathedral of St. Therese, Savannakhet
The Co-Cathedral of St. Therese  (Lao: ໂບດກາໂຕລິກ ນັກບຸນເຕເຣຊາ; French: Cocathédrale Sainte-Thérèse de Savannakhet), also called St. Therese Cathedral, is the Roman Catholic Co-Cathedral located in the city of Savannakhet in southern part of Laos, near the border with Thailand.

The temple follows the Latin rite and functions as one of the two cathedrals and major churches of the Apostolic Vicariate of Savannakhet (Latin: Vicariatus Apostolicus Savannakhetensis; Laotian: ອັກຄະສາວົກແທນຂອງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ) who was elevated to its current status in 1958 by Pope Pius XII with the Bull Qui ad Ecclesiae. The other temple that serves as the mother church of the Vicariate is the St. Louis Cathedral in Thakhek.

It is under the pastoral responsibility of the Bishop Jean Marie Prida Inthirath.

Thakhek
Thakhek (Lao: ທ່າແຂກ, pronounced [tʰāː kʰɛ̏ːk]), the capital of Khammouane Province, is a town in south-central Laos on the Mekong River and the administrative centre of the district with the same name. The Third Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge, linking Thakhek and Nakhon Phanom, Thailand, across the river, started in 2009 and was opened on 11 November 2011.

The city has French colonial style official buildings, villas, and shops. In 1943, 85% of the population of Thakhek were Vietnamese due to the French policy of encouraging Vietnamese immigrants to Laos. Remnants of the abortive Thakhek-Tan Ap railway can be seen in and near the town. The railway would have run between Thakhek and Tân Ấp Railway Station, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam through the Mụ Giạ Pass.
Tonga 0–22 Australia
On 9 April 2001, Tonga and Australia played an international soccer match at the International Sports Stadium in Coffs Harbour in the Australian state of New South Wales. The match was an Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) first round qualifying match for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Tonga, nominally the home team for this round robin qualifying match, were defeated 0–22 by Australia. This beat the previous international record of 20–0 from October 2000 when Kuwait defeated Bhutan on 12 February 2000 in qualification for the 2000 AFC Asian Cup. The margin of defeat also beat the previous record in a FIFA World Cup qualifying match, the 19–0 result between Iran and Guam in Tabriz in November 2000. The margin was surpassed two days later when Australia again prevailed, defeating a depleted American Samoa team with a 31–0 scoreline.

Frank Farina
Frank Farina OAM (born 5 September 1964) is an Australian football (soccer) coach and former player who played as a forward.

His playing career spanned Australia, Belgium, France, Italy and England, and was a major player for the Australian national team in the late 1980s and 1990s, as well as managing the national team in the early 2000s. He was the first Indigenous Australian to manage the national team. As of November 2021 he is a member of the inaugural National Indigenous Advisory Group of Football Australia.
Hamed Karoui
Hamed Karoui (Arabic: حامد القروي; 30 December 1927 – 27 March 2020) was prime minister of Tunisia from 27 September 1989 to 17 November 1999. From 1986 to 1987 he was Minister of Youth and Sports and from 1988 to 1989 he was Minister of Justice. Born in Sousse, he was a member of the Constitutional Democratic Rally party, and the longest-serving president of Étoile Sportive du Sahel from 1961 to 1981.

Democratic Constitutional Rally
The Democratic Constitutional Rally or Democratic Constitutional Assembly (Arabic: التجمع الدستوري الديمقراطي et-Tajammu‘ ed-Dustūrī ed-Dīmuqrāṭī, French: Rassemblement Constitutionnel Démocratique, sometimes also called Constitutional Democratic Rally in English), also referred to by its French initials RCD, was a political party in Tunisia. Including its predecessors Neo Destour and the Socialist Destourian Party, it was the ruling party of the country from independence in 1956 until it was overthrown and dissolved in the Tunisian revolution in 2011.
George Nicol (footballer)
George Nicol (14 December 1903 – 18 December 1968), also known as Geordie Nicol, was a Scottish professional footballer who scored 63 goals from 103 appearances in the English Football League playing for Manchester United, Brighton & Hove Albion and Gillingham. He played as a centre forward.

Nicol was born in Saltcoats, Scotland, and played in Scottish Junior football before joining Manchester United in January 1928. He moved on to Brighton in May 1929, and was their leading scorer in the 1930–31 season with 31 goals in all competitions. He had a season in the Irish League with Glenavon before returning to England to play for Gillingham and then for French club RC Roubaix. He died in Ardrossan at the age of 65.

Glenavon F.C.
Glenavon Football Club is a Northern Irish semi-professional football club that competes in the NIFL Premiership. Founded in 1889, the club hails from Lurgan and plays its home matches at Mourneview Park. Club colours are blue and white. Glenavon's bitter rivals are Portadown, with their matches known as the "Mid-Ulster Derby". Glenavon are a part of the Mid-Ulster F.A.
Djugun, Western Australia
Djugun is a northern suburb of Broome, Western Australia within the local government area of the Shire of Broome. The name relates to the language of the local Djugun or Jukun Aboriginal people. Its population has increased from 2,067 at the 2006 Census to 2,833 at the 2016 census.

Djugun dialect
Jukun or Djugun is an Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia. There are no longer any fluent speakers of Jukun, but some people may remember it to some degree. It is an Eastern Nyulnyulan language, closely related to Yawuru.
Elbląg Canal
Elbląg Canal (pronounced [ˈɛlblɔŋk] ⓘ; Polish: Kanał Elbląski [ˈkanaw ɛlˈblɔ̃skʲi]) is a canal in Poland, in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, 80.5 kilometres (50.0 mi) in length, which runs southward from Lake Drużno (connected by the river Elbląg to the Vistula Lagoon), to the river Drwęca and lake Jeziorak. It can accommodate small vessels up to 50 tonnes (49 long tons; 55 short tons) displacement. The difference in water levels approaches 100 metres (330 ft), and is overcome using locks and a system of inclined planes between lakes.

Today it is used mainly for recreational purposes. It is considered one of the most significant monuments related to the history of technology and was named one of the Seven Wonders of Poland. The canal was also named one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated January 28, 2011. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

Drwęca
The Drwęca (Polish: [ˈdrvɛnt͡sa]; German: Drewenz; Lithuanian: Druvinčia) is a river in northern Poland. It becomes a tributary of the Vistula river near the city of Toruń, forming a part of the city's administrative boundary. It has a length of 231 km and a basin area of 5,697 km2, all in Poland.

Towns:

Ostróda

Nowe Miasto Lubawskie

Brodnica

Golub-Dobrzyń

Toruń
Harold G. Krieger
Harold G.A. Krieger (October 3, 1926 – April 22, 1995) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician.

Krieger was born in New Ulm, Minnesota. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. Krieger received in bachelor's degree from Macalester College and his law degree from the St. Paul College of Law. Krieger lived in Rochester, Minnesota with his wife and family and practiced law. Krieger served in the Minnesota Senate from 1963 until 1974 and was a Republican. He then served as a Minnesota District Court judge from 1975 until his death in 1995. Krieger died from cancer at his home in Rochester, Minnesota.

Macalester College
Macalester College (/məˈkælɪstər/ mə-KAL-iss-tər) is a private liberal arts college in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1874, Macalester is exclusively an undergraduate institution with an enrollment of 2,068 students in the fall of 2025. The college has Scottish and Presbyterian roots and emphasizes internationalism and multiculturalism.

In 2023, the college offered 39 majors, 40 minors, and 11 concentrations. Students also have the option to design their own major. Macalester's sports teams compete in the NCAA Division III-level Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The college's 60-acre main campus is bordered by Summit Avenue to the north and St. Clair Avenue to the south. The 300-acre Ordway Field Station, a nature reserve and research station, is on the outskirts of the Twin Cities, along the Mississippi River.
Amanita chepangiana
Amanita chepangiana, commonly known as the Chepang slender Caesar, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae native to China and southern Asia.

In parts of Yunnan, China, the species is traditionally consumed. However, toxicity analysis found out at least one type of amatoxin and phallotoxin each within the species. Since it is difficult to distinguish from other lethal species, human consumption is generally not recommended.

Amanitaceae
The Amanitaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi. The family, also commonly called the amanita family, is in order Agaricales, the gilled mushrooms. The family consists primarily of the large genus Amanita, but also includes the smaller genera Catatrama, Limacella, Limacellopsis, Saproamanita, and Zhuliangomyces.

The species are usually found in woodlands. The most characteristic emerge from an egg-like structure formed by the universal veil.

This family contains several species valued for edibility and flavor, and other deadly poisonous ones. More than half the cases of mushroom poisoning stem from members of this family. The most toxic members of this group have names that warn of the poisonous nature, but others, of varying degrees of toxicity, do not.
Lawrence High School (Cedarhurst, New York)
Lawrence High School is a four-year public high school located in Cedarhurst, New York, on the South Shore of Long Island. It is part of Lawrence Public Schools, and the district's only public high school.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 770 students and 64.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.0:1. There were 519 students (67.4% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 21 (2.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Communities in the district include Lawrence, Cedarhurst, Inwood, and Atlantic Beach. It also includes sections of the municipality of Woodsburgh, as well as the  census-designated places of Woodmere.

Lawrence, Nassau County, New York
Lawrence is a village within the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is located adjacent to the border with the New York City borough of Queens to the west and is near the Reynolds Channel to the south. The population was 6,809 at the time of the 2020 census.

Lawrence is one of the "Five Towns," which consist of the villages of Lawrence and Cedarhurst, the hamlets (unincorporated areas) of Woodmere and Inwood, and "The Hewletts", which is made up of the hamlet of Hewlett together with the villages of Hewlett Bay Park, Hewlett Harbor and Hewlett Neck, along with Woodsburgh.
Mountain (CDP), Wisconsin
Mountain is an unincorporated community in Oconto County, Wisconsin, United States. The community is located at the intersection of Wisconsin Highway 32 and Wisconsin Highway 64, in the town of Mountain. It is located at latitude 45.185 and longitude -88.474 and elevation 971 feet (mean sea level). The postal code for Mountain is 54149.  The post office in Mountain was established in 1889, and remains in operation today. As of the 2020 census, its population was 289, down from 363 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Mountain as a census-designated place (CDP).

Wisconsin Highway 32
State Trunk Highway 32 (often called Highway 32, STH-32 or WIS 32) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin that runs north–south in the eastern part of the state. It runs from the Illinois border (at Illinois Route 137) north to the Michigan border (concurrent with U.S. Highway 45). It is named the 32nd Division Memorial Highway  after the U.S. 32nd Infantry Division, and the highway shields have red arrows—the division's logo—on either side of the number 32. The route of WIS 32 and the Red Arrow marking is set in state statute by the Wisconsin Legislature.
James Goldsmith
Sir James Michael Goldsmith (26 February 1933 – 18 July 1997) was a French-British financier and politician who was a member of the Goldsmith family. His controversial business and finance career led to ongoing clashes with British media, frequently involving litigation or the threat of litigation.

In 1994 he was elected to represent a French constituency as a Member of the European Parliament. He founded the short-lived Eurosceptic Referendum Party in the United Kingdom, which became an early campaigner for opposition to Britain's membership of the European Union.

Adam Curtis
Adam Curtis (born 26 May 1955) is an English documentary filmmaker. Curtis began his career as a conventional documentary producer for the BBC throughout the 1980s and into the early 1990s. The release of Pandora's Box (1992) marked the introduction of Curtis's distinctive presentation that uses collage to explore aspects of sociology, psychology, philosophy and political history.

His style has been described as involving, "whiplash digressions, menacing atmospherics and arpeggiated scores, and the near-psychedelic compilation of archival footage", narrated by Curtis himself with "patrician economy and assertion". His films have won five BAFTAs.