hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indiana pi bill
The Indiana pi bill was bill 246 of the 1897 sitting of the Indiana General Assembly, one of the most notorious attempts to establish mathematical truth by legislative fiat. Despite its name, the main result claimed by the bill is a method to square the circle. The bill implies incorrect values of the mathematical constant π, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The bill, written by a physician and an amateur mathematician, never became law due to the intervention of C. A. Waldo, a professor at Purdue University, who happened to be present in the legislature on the day it went up for a vote.

The mathematical impossibility of squaring the circle using only straightedge and compass constructions, suspected since ancient times, had been proven 15 years previously, in 1882, by Ferdinand von Lindemann. Better approximations of π than those implied by the bill have been known since ancient times.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Outline of Palau
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Palau:

Palau – island country and a United States Associated State located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is geographically part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of around 21,000 is spread across 250 islands forming the western chain of the Caroline Islands. The most populous island is Koror. The capital Ngerulmud is located in Melekeok State on the nearby island of Babeldaob. The islands share maritime boundaries with Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Federated States of Micronesia.

Ngerulmud
Ngerulmud (Palauan pronunciation: [ŋəˈɾulmuð]) is the seat of government of the Republic of Palau, an island nation in the Pacific Ocean. It replaced Koror City as a capital in October 2006. The settlement is located in the state of Melekeok on Babeldaob, the country's largest island, located 20 kilometers (12 miles) northeast of Koror City and 2 km (1 mile) northwest of Melekeok City.
With no permanent fixed population, it is the least-populous capital city of a sovereign nation in the world.
Mwalau
Mwalau walterlinii is an extinct species of megapode from Vanuatu, and the only species in the genus Mwalau. The holotype and only known specimen is from the Teouma archeological site on the island of Efate. It was built in similar proportion to the extant Australian brushturkey, and, like that species, could fly. It is distinguishable from other extant megapodes by its large size, though it is smaller than the extinct giant malleefowl.

The scientific and common name honor the first Prime Minister of Vanuatu, Walter Lini. The name of the genus comes from the Laipta name for megapodes.

Efate
Efate (French: Éfaté), originally named Sandwich Island and also known as Île Vate (French: [il vat]) or just Vate, is an island in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Shefa Province in Vanuatu, and the capital city, Port Vila, is located on the island.
Siemowit VI of Płock
Siemowit VI of Płock (pl: Siemowit VI płocki; 2 January 1446 - 31 December 1461/1 January 1462), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast from the Masovian branch. He was a Duke of Płock, Rawa Mazowiecka, Belz, Płońsk, Zawkrze and Wizna during 1455-1461/62 (under regency until 1459) jointly with his brother, since 1459 ruler over Gostynin.

He was the eldest son of Władysław I of Płock and Anna, daughter of Duke Konrad V of Oleśnica.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Sign of the Times (The Belle Stars song)
"Sign of the Times" is a song by English pop/new wave band the Belle Stars, released as the fourth single from the band's self-titled only studio album. It was their seventh single overall and first single written by the band since 1981's "Another Latin Love Song". The single was the band's only top ten hit, reaching No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart in the week of 19 February 1983, and was subsequently listed by the Official Charts Company as the 31st best-selling single of 1983 in the UK. It also entered  on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 75 in the week of 14 May 1983.

The music video features the band wearing tuxedos and performing the song in a dark building with flashing blue lights.

The Belle Stars (album)
The Belle Stars is the only studio album by the all-female band of the same name released in 1983 (see 1983 in music). The band's eponymous debut album reached number 15 on the UK Albums Chart. The Belle Stars had some success with their single "Iko Iko", a cover of The Dixie Cups' 1965 hit. It charted at number 35 in June 1982 on the UK Singles Chart. Seven years later the song became a hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart after it was featured in the movie Rain Man, where it peaked at number 14.
New Mexico State Road 117
State Road 117 (NM 117) is a 62.06-mile-long (99.88 km) state road in north west New Mexico, entirely within Cibola County. The southern terminus is at NM 36 near Quemado, and the northern terminus is at NM 122 and Historic U.S. Route 66 in Grants. NM 117 runs through the El Malpais National Conservation Area.

It is one of the roads on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.

El Malpais National Conservation Area
The El Malpais National Conservation Area is a federally protected conservation area in the U.S. state of New Mexico.  The El Malpais National Conservation area was established in 1987 and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. The adjoining El Malpais National Monument was established at the same time and is managed by the National Park Service.

The 263,000-acre (1,060 km2) El Malpais NCA includes two wilderness areas — the West Malpais Wilderness and Cebolla Wilderness Area — covering almost 100,000 acres (400 km2).
Adem Mikullovci
Adem Mikullovci (21 December 1937 – 15 September 2020) was a Kosovan actor and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of the Republic of Kosovo. As an actor, he participated in the constellation of the actors of the former People's Provincial Theater of Kosovo (now Kosovo National Theater). After dropping out of studies at the Academy of Theater and Film in Belgrade in 1968, he returned to Pristina and started working at the theater. From that year (1968) to July 1990, Adem Mikullovci made a career with 45 main roles and about 70 roles in theatrical performances.

Faculty of Dramatic Arts, University of Arts in Belgrade
The Faculty of Dramatic Arts (Serbian: Факултет драмских уметности, romanized: Fakultet dramskih umetnosti; abbreviated FDU) is a constituent institution of the University of Arts in Belgrade which focuses on education and research in the fields of film, theatre, dramaturgy, culture, radio, acting and medias. It was established in 1948, as the first faculty of this type in Yugoslavia, and is the most esteemed institution of this kind, in the region.

The building, built in the brutalist style, is located in the urban neighborhood of Novi Beograd.
Han Xiaopeng
Han Xiaopeng (simplified Chinese: 韩晓鹏; traditional Chinese: 韓曉鵬; pinyin: Hán Xiǎopéng; born December 13, 1983, in Pei, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China) is a freestyle skier who competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, and won gold in the men's aerials event. In this discipline he also won the World Championships in 2007. Han is the first Chinese male athlete to ever win a gold medal at the Winter Olympics.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Ahmed Alaoui
Ahmed Alaoui (born 1949) is a Moroccan football forward who played for Morocco in the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He also played for RS Settat.

For the Moroccan independence activist and Minister of Information and Tourism, see Moulay Ahmed Alaoui.

Moroccans
Moroccans (Arabic: المغاربة, romanised: al-Maġāriba) are the citizens and nationals of Morocco. The country's population is predominantly composed of Arabs and Berbers. The term also applies more broadly to any people who share a common Moroccan culture and identity, as well as those who natively speak Moroccan Arabic or other languages of Morocco.

In addition to the approximately 37 million residents of Morocco, there is a large Moroccan diaspora. Considerable Moroccan populations can be found in France, Spain, Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands; with smaller notable concentrations in other Arab states as well as Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.
Alberto Beltrán (singer)
Alberto Amancio Beltrán (Palo Blanco, La Romana, 5 May 1923 - Connecticut, 2 February 1997) was a Dominican singer, known as "El Negrito del Batey", after his first signature tune. He mainly sang in the genres of bolero, son montuno, mambo, merengue, and guaracha. After recording in the Dominican Republic with René Hernandez' orchestra, he moved to New York City in 1961 to work with La Sonora Matancera.

La Romana Province
La Romana (Spanish pronunciation: [la ɾoˈmana]) is a province of the Dominican Republic. The capital is also named La Romana, and is the third-largest city in the country. La Romana was elevated to the category of province in 1944. La Romana is also home to Casa de Campo, one of the world's largest resorts and top golfing destinations, including the Teeth of the Dog golf course. Many international and local artists perform at "Altos de Chavón", an artistic community and university.

La Romana is a port city ranked as Dominican Republic's seventh-largest by population (around 130,000, metro around 215,000). The city is located opposite Catalina Island, and approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the national capital, Santo Domingo. Its name comes from a balance used to weigh merchandise for export. The province's patron saint is Rose of Lima.
Harry Bain
Harry William Bain, OC (1921 – December 21, 2001 ) was a Canadian pediatrician.

He was raised in Cache Bay, Ontario, and graduated from the University of Toronto in 1944. He was a paediatrician at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children from 1951 to 1985. From 1966 to 1976, he was the Paediatrician-in-Chief of the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto's Department Chairman of Paediatrics.

In 1969, he helped to start the University of Toronto Sioux Lookout Project, a health-care program which helped over 15,000 Cree and Ojibwa people in Northern Ontario. He was the Director for 17 years.

Cache Bay, Ontario
Cache Bay is an unincorporated community in geographic Springer Township in the municipality of West Nipissing, Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada. It is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada and is located on the eponymous bay on the north shore of Lake Nipissing.
Maranewadi
Maranewadi is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Mumbai City district
Mumbai City district is a district of Maharashtra in Konkan Division, India. As a city district, it has no headquarters or subdivisions. It, along with the Mumbai Suburban District, makes up the metropolis of Mumbai. This area is called the "Island City" or South Mumbai or Old Mumbai. It occupies the southern tip of Salsette Island and extends from Colaba in the south to Mahim and Sion in the north. The city has an area of 157 km2 (61 sq mi) and a population of 3,085,411.
Bolinder Bluff
Bolinder Bluff (61°56′S 57°58′W﻿ / ﻿61.933°S 57.967°W﻿ / -61.933; -57.967) is a prominent bluff crowned by three buttresses of dark grey and light brown rock, overlooking Venus Bay 3 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of False Round Point on the north coast of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The feature was known to sealers using the anchorage at nearby Esther Harbor in the 1820s. It was charted and named by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II in 1937 when the breakdown of the Bolinder boat engine caused 6 men to be marooned for 9 days on the beach at the foot of the bluff.

King George Island (South Shetland Islands)
King George Island (Argentinian Spanish: Isla 25 de Mayo, Brazilian Portuguese: Ilha do Rei George, Chilean Spanish: Isla Rey Jorge, Russian: Ватерло́о Vaterloo) is the largest of the South Shetland Islands, lying 120 km (75 miles) off the coast of Antarctica in the Southern Ocean.  The island was named after King George III.
Philippines women's national under-21 volleyball team
The Philippines women's national under-21 volleyball team represents the Philippines in women's under-20/21 volleyball events. It is controlled and managed by the Philippine National Volleyball Federation (PNVF) that is a member of Asian volleyball body Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

Asian Volleyball Confederation
The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is one of five continental governing bodies in volleyball. It governs indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, and other disciplines in Asia and Oceania, excluding the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey, as well as the West Asian countries of Armenia, Cyprus, and Israel. The AVC consists of 65 national association members.

The AVC consists of the national volleyball federations of Asia and Oceania, and club competitions including the Asian Volleyball Championships, Nations Cup, and Champions League, and also controls the prize money, regulations, as well as media rights to those competitions.

Masaichi Nishikawa acted as the first president. The current president is Ramon Suzara, a Philippine National Volleyball Federation president, who was elected as AVC's ninth president at the 25th AVC General Assembly in Bangkok in August 2024.
Spangled coquette
The spangled coquette, coquette pailletée (French), coqueta coronada, or coqueta lentejuelada (both Spanish) (Lophornis stictolophus) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Lesbiini
Lesbiini is one of the two tribes that make up the subfamily Lesbiinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other tribe is Heliantheini (brilliants).

The informal name "coquettes" has been proposed for this group as the largest genus, Lophornis, has 11 species with "coquette" in their common name.

The tribe contains 67 species divided into 18 genera.
West Point, Monrovia
West Point is a township of the Liberian capital city of Monrovia, located on a 0.53 km2 peninsula which juts out into the Atlantic Ocean between the Mesurado and Saint Paul rivers. West Point is one of Monrovia's most densely populated slums.

Environmental degradation has gradually caused part of the peninsula to erode into the ocean. Endemic problems include overpopulation and diseases such as tuberculosis.

Saint Paul River
The Saint Paul River is a river of western Africa.  Its headwaters are in southeastern Guinea.  Its upper portion in Guinea is known as the Diani River or Niandi River, and forms part of the boundary between Guinea and Liberia. It is known locally as the Du by the Gola people in Liberia.

The river then enters Liberia about 50 km (31 mi) north of Gbarnga and crosses Liberia in a southwesterly direction.  It empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Mesurado in Monrovia near Bushrod Island, separating Monrovia from its suburb Brewerville.
Anthony Loffredo
Anthony Loffredo (b. France, c. 1988) is an extreme body modification artist. He was the subject of a Channel 4 documentary in 2023. In a 2023 article in El País, Loffredo was called "one of the most recognized icons in the world of extreme body modification."

Body modification
Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human physical appearance. In its broadest definition it includes skin tattooing, socially acceptable decoration (e.g., common body piercing in many societies), and religious rites of passage (e.g., circumcision in a number of cultures), as well as the modern primitive movement.

Body modification is performed for a large variety of reasons, including aesthetics, sexual enhancement, rites of passage, religious beliefs, to display group membership or affiliation, in remembrance of lived experience, traditional symbolism such as axis mundi and mythology, to create body art, for shock value, and as self-expression, among other reasons.
Warren Koegel
Warren DeWitt Koegel (born November 1, 1949) is an American former professional football player and college athletics administrator. Koegel attended Pennsylvania State University, where he played for coach Joe Paterno on the Penn State Nittany Lions football team. He went on to play parts of three seasons in the NFL between 1971 and 1974, playing for the Oakland Raiders, St. Louis Cardinals, and New York Jets. Koegel later served as athletic director at Coastal Carolina University from 2000 to 2010, and at Jacksonville State University from 2011 to 2014.

Coastal Carolina University
Coastal Carolina University (CCU or Coastal) is a public university in Conway, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1954 as Coastal Carolina Junior College, and later joining the University of South Carolina System as USC Coastal Carolina, it became an independent university in 1993.

The university is a national sea-grant institution and owns part of Waties Island, an Atlantic barrier island that serves as a natural laboratory for CCU's instruction and research. The campus is also the home of the Horry County Schools Scholars Academy, a high school for gifted students.
Vondruška
Vondruška is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Pavel Vondruška (1925–2011), Czech actor and musician

Rostislav Vondruška (born 1961), Czech politician

Zdeňka Bezděková  née Vondrušková

Rostislav Vondruška
Rostislav Vondruška (24 March 1961 – 2 July 2024) was a Czech politician. He was the Minister for Regional Development in the caretaker government of Jan Fischer. Vondruška died on 2 July 2024, at the age of 63.
Gertner
Gertner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ala Gertner (1912–1945), jewish prisoner in Auschwitz, participated in the Sonderkommando revolt in 1944

Joel Gertner (born 1975), American professional wrestling announcer and manager

Johan Vilhelm Gertner (1818–1871), Danish painter

Nancy Gertner (born 1946), United States federal judge

Paul Gertner, American magician

Shloime Gertner, English Hasidic Jewish singer

Joel Gertner
Joel Gertner (born September 20, 1975) is an American professional wrestling announcer, color commentator, and manager. He is best known for his appearances with Extreme Championship Wrestling from 1995 to 2001.
Giuseppe Chiari (artist-composer-philosopher)
Giuseppe Chiari (26 September 1926 – 9 May 2007) was an avant-garde Florentine conceptual artist and experimental musician active in Neo-Dada circles, specifically the Fluxus art movement. Chiari was a supporter of intermedia work conducted between music, speech, gesture and image.

Neo-Dada
Neo-Dada was an art movement with audio, visual and literary manifestations that had similarities in method or intent with earlier Dada artwork. It sought to close the gap between art and daily life, and was a combination of playfulness, iconoclasm, and appropriation. In the United States the term was popularized by Barbara Rose in the 1960s and refers primarily, although not exclusively, to work created in that and the preceding decade. There was also an international dimension to the movement, particularly in Japan and in Europe, serving as the foundation of Fluxus, Pop Art and Nouveau réalisme.

Neo-Dada has been exemplified by its use of modern materials, popular imagery, and absurdist contrast. It was a reaction to the personal emotionalism of Abstract Expressionism and, taking a lead from the practice of Marcel Duchamp and Kurt Schwitters, denied traditional concepts of aesthetics.
Rio Turtle
The Rio Turtle or Turtle Rock is a turtle-shaped rock located in the North River along Augusta-Ford Hill Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 53) approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of the community of Rio, West Virginia. While this stretch of the North River forms the border between Hampshire and Hardy Counties, the Rio Turtle is located on the Hampshire side.

Over the past few decades, the rock has been continually maintained and repainted by both local professional artists and graffiti artists and has become a popular tourist attraction and picnic rock in the North River Valley. After the September 11, 2001 attacks and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Rio Turtle's shell took a more patriotic and politically charged motif, including American flags, Christian crosses, and peace symbols. As of early Autumn 2006, the rock has been repainted and restored to its original tortoiseshell motif.

Peace symbols
A number of peace symbols have been used many ways in various cultures and contexts. The dove and olive branch was used symbolically by early Christians and then eventually became a secular peace symbol, popularized by a Dove lithograph by Pablo Picasso after World War II. In the 1950s, the "peace sign", as it is known today (also known as "peace and love"), was designed by Gerald Holtom as the logo for the British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), a group at the forefront of the peace movement in the UK, and adopted by anti-war and counterculture activists in the US and elsewhere. The symbol is a superposition of the semaphore signals for the letters "N" and "D", taken to stand  for "nuclear disarmament", while simultaneously acting as a reference to Goya's The Third of May 1808  (1814) (aka "Peasant Before the Firing Squad").

The V hand signal and the peace flag also became international peace symbols.