hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Datum reference
A datum reference or just datum (plural: datums) is some geometrically important part of an object, such as a point, line, plane, hole, set of holes, or pair of surfaces. It serves as a reference in defining the geometry of the object and (often) in measuring aspects of the actual geometry to assess how closely they match with the nominal value, which may be an ideal, standard, average, or desired value.

For example, on a car's wheel, the lug nut holes define a bolt circle that is a datum from which the location of the rim can be defined and measured. This matters because the hub and rim need to be concentric to within close limits (or else the wheel will not roll smoothly).

The concept of datums is used in many fields, including carpentry, metalworking, needlework, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), aviation, surveying, geodesy (geodetic datums), and others.

Real versus nominal value (philosophy)
The distinction between real value and nominal value occurs in many fields. From a philosophical viewpoint, nominal value represents an accepted condition, which is a goal or an approximation, as opposed to the real value, which is always present.
Dharmabandh
Dharmabandh is a village in Jharkhand state of India. It is located in the Baghmara block of Dhanbad district. The village is administered by a panchayat.

Dharmabandh is half an hour-long drive from Katrash Garh. It was famous for its coal mines. Dharmabandh Mines were among best coal producer mines in Nineties. At the pic time of these mines, there were several colonies near by these mines and there were more than 100 families were leaving there. Most important mines were Mines no. 1 and 2 and there were BCCL's colonies Dharmabandh Camp and Staff quarters. Dharmabandh Camp had CISF camp and explosive store apart from that there were all labors quarter were there. While Staff quarters were for Officers of worth near by mines.

Dhanbad district
Dhanbad district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Dhanbad is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Jharkhand (out of 24), after Ranchi. It also has the lowest sex ratio in Jharkhand, at 908.

Dhanbad is also known as the coal capital of India, due to extensive coal mining industry that dominates the district.
The Honeymoon Killers (American band)
The Honeymoon Killers were an American noise rock band from New York City, formed in 1983. Their name is taken from the 1970 crime film The Honeymoon Killers. The Honeymoon Killers' sound is deeply rooted in the blues earning them comparisons to The Cramps, whose music was highly influential to Teel. The nucleus of the band was Jerry Teel and Lisa Wells, with Sally Edroso serving as the longest standing drummer between 1985 and 1990. The group's rotating line-ups would consist of members belonging to like-minded bands such as Pussy Galore, Boss Hog, Ritual Tension and the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion. Their first three albums were independent releases issued by the band's label Fur Records. The group disbanded in 1994, with its leader Jerry Teel forming The Chrome Cranks with drummer Bob Bert and guitarist William Gilmore Weber.

Noise rock
Noise rock is a subgenre of rock music that originally emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Artists fuse rock music to noise, while utilizing extreme levels of guitar distortion and feedback, primarily through the use of electric guitars.
Akbar Birbal Remixed
Akbar Birbal Remixed is a series of Hindi webisodes/mobisodes launched by Rajshri on the Rajshri.com portal on 1 July 2008. Mobisodes of Akbar Birbal Remixed are available in SMS, MMS, video and audio formats. The show will thereafter be made available on the TV, home video and FM Radio.

Webisode
A webisode (portmanteau of "web" and "episode") is an episode of a web series. It is a single installment of a web series program. The length of a webisode is short and ranges from 3–15 minutes.

A webisode is distributed through the public Internet, on personal websites and video-sharing websites such as Vimeo or YouTube. It is available for either streaming or download. The format can be used as part of a collection of shorts, an advertisement, preview, promotion, or raw metadata.
1976 United States presidential election in Montana
The 1976 United States presidential election in Montana was part of the 1976 United States presidential election, which took place on November 2, 1976. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Montana voted for the Republican nominee, President Gerald Ford, over the Democratic nominee, former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter. Ford won Montana by a margin of 7.44%. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which McCone County and Wibaux County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. Carter became the first ever Democrat to win the White House without carrying Daniels, Judith Basin, Pondera, Teton, or Toole Counties, as well as the first to do so without carrying Cascade County since Grover Cleveland in 1892, and the first to do so without carrying Chouteau or Valley Counties since Woodrow Wilson in 1912.

Toole County, Montana
Toole County is a county in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,971. Its county seat is Shelby. The county was established in 1914 from parts of Hill County and Teton County and was named after Joseph Toole, the first and fourth governor of Montana. Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States border south of Alberta.
Abdul-Wahab al-Saadi
Abdul-Wahab al-Saadi (Arabic: عبد الوهاب الساعدي) is an Iraqi general who served as the head of the Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Service from 2020 to 2023. Al-Saadi rose to fame during the war against ISIS when his contributions as an Iraqi Special Operations Forces commander received much media coverage. He played a critical role in the defeat of ISIS in Iraq, and in 2022 he received the French Legion of Honour.

Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service
The Counter Terrorism Service (CTS; Arabic: جهاز مكافحة الارهاب) is an Iraqi security and intelligence agency tasked with counterterrorism. The Service’s operational arm is called the Iraqi Special Operations Forces (ISOF; Arabic: قوات العمليات الخاصة العراقية). They are an elite special operations force composed of three brigades based in several governorates, and who are often collectively referred to as the Golden Division.

During the occupation of Iraq, all military, security, and intelligence entities of the country were dissolved by the Coalition Provisional Authority following the issuance of CPA Order 2, and rebuilt from scratch. CTS was created in 2007 and is funded by the Ministry of Defence. The Service played a crucial role in combatting terrorism during the war in Iraq of 2013–2017. ISOF have conducted joint operations with the Green Berets.
Lake Wateree
Lake Wateree is a 21-square-mile (50 km2) reservoir in Kershaw, Fairfield, and Lancaster counties, South Carolina, in the United States. Developed in 1919 by the damming of the Wateree River, it is one of South Carolina's oldest man-made lakes. It has 181 miles (291 km) of shoreline and includes Lake Wateree State Park, a bird refuge, and Shaw Air Force Base Recreation Center.

It was named after the river, and both were named for the Wateree Native Americans, an historic tribe who lived in the area before European settlement. They became extinct as a tribe after European warfare and encroachment, and their descendants merged with the Catawba people.

Wateree people
The Wateree were a Native American tribe in the interior of the present-day Carolinas. They probably belonged to the Siouan-Catawba language family. First encountered by the Spanish in 1567 in Western North Carolina, they migrated to the southeast and what developed as South Carolina by 1700, where English colonists noted them.

There they had settled along the Wateree River, near the site of what developed as present-day Camden, South Carolina. Originally a large tribe, they suffered high mortality during the Yamasee War of 1715. By the middle of the 18th century, they joined with the Catawba Nation and lived near the modern Catawba Reservation.
Victorious
Victorious is an American teen sitcom created by Dan Schneider that aired on Nickelodeon from March 27, 2010, to February 2, 2013. The series ran for four seasons and produced 57 episodes.

The show follows aspiring singer Tori Vega, a teenager who enrolls at the performing-arts high school Hollywood Arts after unexpectedly taking her older sister Trina's place in a school showcase. As she adjusts to her new environment, Tori navigates a series of comedic situations with fellow students Andre Harris, Robbie Shapiro, Jade West, Cat Valentine, and Beck Oliver.

Kids' Choice Awards broadcast the series premiere immediately following its 2010 telecast. Although the series received mixed reviews from critics, it was popular with viewers; it won the Favorite TV Show category at the Kids' Choice Awards in 2012 and 2013 and received four nominations for the Primetime Emmy Awards.

Kids' Choice Award for Favorite TV Show
The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite TV Show is an award given at the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards. From 2015–2017, and since 2020, the category has been split into kids and family programs, and in 2019 into comedy and drama.
Perdrix Formation
The Perdrix Formation is a geologic formation of Late Devonian (Frasnian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It  named for Roche à Perdrix in Jasper National Park, Alberta, by P.E. Raymond in 1930. It includes fossils of marine animals.

Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from 382.31 million years ago to 372.15  million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage.

Major reef-building was under way during the Frasnian Stage, particularly in western Canada and Australia.  On land, the first forests were taking shape. In North America, the Antler orogeny peaked, which were contemporary with the Bretonic phase of the Variscan orogeny in Europe.

The Frasnian coincides with the second half of the "charcoal gap" in the fossil record, a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were below 13 percent, the minimum necessary to sustain wildfires.

North American subdivisions of the Frasnian include

West Falls Group

Sonyea Group

Genesee Group
Brig Bahnhofplatz railway station
Brig Bahnhofplatz railway station (German: Bahnhof Brig Bahnhofplatz) is a railway station in the municipality of Brig-Glis, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is the meeting point of two 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge railway lines of the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn, the BVZ Zermatt-Bahn and the Furka Oberalp Railway. Services at the station include the famed Glacier Express. The station is physically adjacent to the standard gauge Brig railway station, served by BLS AG and Swiss Federal Railways.

BLS AG
BLS AG is a Swiss railway company created by the 2006 (2006) merger of BLS Lötschbergbahn and Regionalverkehr Mittelland AG. Its ownership is divided, with 55.8% of it owned by the canton of Berne, and 21.7% by the Swiss Confederation. It has two main business fields: passenger traffic and infrastructure.

BLS has a subsidiary—BLS Cargo—which is responsible for all freight operations. BLS Cargo works in cooperation with the freight subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn, Railion. However, the staff, apart from management and sales, is employed by BLS AG. Part of the BLS locomotive fleet is owned by BLS Cargo.

Another subsidiary, BLS Fernverkehr AG, is responsible for long-distance passenger transport. BLS Fernverkehr AG is wholly owned by BLS AG.
Brownstown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania
Brownstown is a borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 744 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area and also part of Johnstown's urban area.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Yuya Asahina
Yūya Asahina (朝比奈 ゆうや, Asahina Yūya, born September 7, 1980) is a Japanese manga artist. She made her professional manga debut in 1998. She used to work with Ribon, but now her manga is serialized in Margaret Comics.

Ribon
Ribon (りぼん; lit. "Ribbon") is a monthly Japanese shōjo manga magazine published by Shueisha on the third of each month. First issued in August 1955, its rivals are Nakayoshi and Ciao. It is one of the best-selling shōjo manga magazines, having sold over 590 million copies since 1978. Its circulation was in the millions between 1987 and 2001, peaking at 2.3 million in 1994. In 2009, the magazine's circulation was 274,167. In 2010, the circulation dropped to 243,334.

Ribon has also inspired multiple spin-off magazines, including Bessatsu Ribon (1966–1968); Ribon Comics, renamed Junior Comics (1967–1968); Ribon Comic (1968–1971); Ribon Deluxe (1975–1978); and Ribon Original (1981–2006).
Makhtesh Ramon
Makhtesh Ramon (Hebrew: מכתש רמון; lit. Ramon Crater/Makhtesh; Arabic: وادي الرمان; lit. The Ruman Wadi) is a geological feature of Israel's Negev desert. Located some 85 km south of Beersheba, the landform is the world's largest "erosion cirque" (steephead valley or box canyon). The formation is 40 km long, 2–10 km wide and 500 meters deep. Despite its appearance, it is not an impact crater from a meteor nor a volcanic crater formed by a volcanic eruption.

The only settlement in the area is the small town of Mitzpe Ramon (מצפה רמון, "Ramon Lookout") located on the northern edge of the depression. Today the area forms Israel's largest national park, the Ramon Nature Reserve.

Volcanic crater
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava. A volcanic crater can be of large dimensions and sometimes of great depth. During certain types of explosive eruptions, a volcano's magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside, forming a type of larger depression known as a caldera.
Beeri
There are two biblical figures named Beeri. The etymology of Beeri (Hebrew: בְּאֵרִי, Bə’êrî) is given as "belonging to a fountain" by Wilhelm Gesenius, but as "expounder" by the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia and "well" according to the Holman Bible Dictionary.

According to the Book of Hosea, Beeri  was the father of the prophet Hosea. Jewish tradition says that he only uttered a few words of prophecy, and as they were insufficient to be embodied in a book by themselves, they were incorporated in the Book of Isaiah, viz., verses 19 and 20 of the 8th chapter. As such, Beeri is considered a prophet in Judaism. Beeri was sometimes identified with Beerah (1 Chronicles 5:6), who was taken into exile by the Assyrians. He is also considered holy by Muslims.

The other Beeri was the father of Judith, one of the wives of Esau (Genesis 26:34).  A source of grief to her parents-in-law.

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
ASCALON (tank gun)
The Autoloaded and SCALable Outperforming guN or ASCALON is a French smoothbore 140 mm tank gun of 50 calibers designed by Nexter. This gun is currently mounted on the latest prototype of the EMBT, the Leclerc Evolution prototype and is proposed for the MGCS project.

Smoothbore
A smoothbore weapon is one that has a barrel without rifling.  Smoothbores range from handheld firearms to powerful tank guns and large artillery mortars. Some examples of smoothbore weapons are muskets, blunderbusses, and flintlock pistols. The opposite of smoothbore is rifling.
Brazil women's national under-23 volleyball team
The Brazil women's national under-23 volleyball team represents Brazil in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under  the age 23 and it is ruled by the Brazilian Volleyball Federation that is a member of South American volleyball body Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol
The Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) (Portuguese: Confederação Sul-americana de Voleibol) is the continental governing body for the sports of volleyball in South America. Its headquarters is located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Dawn Purvis
Dawn Purvis (born 22 October 1966) is a Northern Irish company executive and former unionist politician, who was a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for  Belfast East from 2007 to 2011. She was previously the leader of the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) from 2007 to 2010.

Belfast East (Assembly constituency)
Belfast East is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973. It usually shares boundaries with the Belfast East UK Parliament constituency, however the boundaries of the two constituencies were slightly different from 1983 to 1986 and 2010 to 2011 as the Assembly boundaries had not caught up with Parliamentary boundary changes and from 1996 to 1997 when members of the Northern Ireland Forum had been elected from the newly drawn Parliamentary constituencies but the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected in 1992 under the 1983–95 constituency boundaries, was still in session.

Members were then elected from the constituency to the 1975 Constitutional Convention, the 1982 Assembly, the 1996 Forum and then to the current Assembly from 1998.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see Belfast East (UK Parliament constituency).
Caminhos Language Centre
Caminhos Language Centre is a Portuguese language learning centre, situated in Ipanema in Rio de Janeiro state. It was founded in March 2009 by the Association of Friends of Casa do Caminho as a non-profit organization to financially support and assist  Casa do Caminho Abrigo Orphanage in Xerém in Rio de Janeiro, which houses about 35 children. All profits from tuition and course fees go directly to the orphanage.

Xerém
Xerém (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʃeˈɾẽj]) is a neighborhood of Xerém District in the municipality of Duque de Caxias in the state of Rio de Janeiro, about 50 km from the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Xerém lies on the slopes of the Serra Fluminense, near Petrópolis.  Within its boundaries are a bus factory (Ciferal Marcopolo), the training camp of Fluminense Football Club, the headquarters of Duque de Caxias FC and the football team Tigres do Brasil.

Xerém is known for having an important government agency in Brazil, INMETRO.

Tourism is a significant factor of the local economy; tourists are drawn by the lush and placid scenery, the nearby waterfalls, and historical sites.

Every year Xerém host Vaquejada Park Ana Dantas.  Past shows have included artists such as:

Ivete Sangalo

Pixote

Rouge

Sandy & Junior

The singer Zeca Pagodinho lives in the district of Xerém at Duque de caxias.

22°35′S 43°18′W﻿ / ﻿22.583°S 43.300°W﻿ / -22.583; -43.300
Ell Pond (Rhode Island)
Ell Pond is a kettle hole in Hopkinton, Washington County, Rhode Island.  It is surrounded by a swamp of red maple  and Atlantic white cypress, and by steep granitic monadnocks. The small area contains communities of both hydrophytic and xeric plants, which makes it ideal for ecological research and education.  It was designated a National Natural Landmark in May 1974. In 1972, The Nature Conservancy purchased 50 acres (20 ha) including the pond to extend 218 acres (88 ha) of protected land owned by the  Audubon Society of Rhode Island and  the 1,002 acres (405 ha)  of Rockville Wildlife Management Area owned by the state.  The preserve is jointly managed by all three entities.  There are hiking trails in the preserve, but Ell pond is specifically not reachable due to its fragile environment.

As of 2025, Ell Pond is the only listed National Natural Landmark in Rhode Island.

Inselberg
An inselberg or monadnock (/məˈnædnɒk/ mə-NAD-nok) is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain.
If the inselberg is dome-shaped and formed from granite or gneiss, it can also be called a bornhardt, though not all bornhardts are inselbergs. An inselberg results when a body of rock resistant to erosion, such as granite, occurring within a body of softer rocks, is exposed by differential erosion and lowering of the surrounding landscape.
Warmness on the Soul
Warmness on the Soul is the debut extended play (EP) by the American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold. It was released on April 10, 2001, through Good Life Recordings. The release features the video for the title track "Warmness on the Soul" as an enhanced CD bonus. It is the band's first release to feature guitarist Synyster Gates, who joined the band in February 2001. All of the songs were later included on Avenged Sevenfold's debut album, Sounding the Seventh Trumpet, except for the heavy metal version of "To End the Rapture", which was featured on the album's re-release.

Some of the band members' stage names are slightly different compared to their current ones. M. Shadows is simply credited as "Shadows", while Synyster Gates is credited as "Synyster Gaytes".

Enhanced CD
Enhanced CD is a certification mark of the Recording Industry Association of America for various technologies that combine audio and computer data for use in both CD-Audio and CD-ROM players.

Formats that fall under the enhanced CD category include mixed mode CD (Yellow Book CD-ROM/Red Book CD-DA), CD-i, CD-i Ready, and CD-Extra/CD-Plus (Blue Book, also called simply Enhanced Music CD or E-CD).
TanDEM-X
TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) is a German twin satellite mission using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). It is developed in a public-private partnership between the German Aerospace centre (DLR) and EADS Astrium (now Airbus Defence and Space). It consists of the original TerraSAR-X satellite (TSX) and an identical spacecraft (TDX) in formation flying, with typical distances between 250 and 500 m. The two satellite constellation allowed the generation of the WorldDEM global digital elevation models starting in 2014.

Formation flying
Formation flying is the flight of multiple objects in coordination. Formation flying occurs in nature among flying and gliding animals, and is also conducted in human aviation, often in military aviation and air shows.

A multitude of studies have been performed on the performance benefits of aircraft flying in formation.
Esplanade Gambetta
Esplanade Gambetta is a plaza located in the center of the Tunisian capital, Tunis. It is named after the French lawyer and politician Léon Gambetta.

36°48′14″N 10°11′09″E﻿ / ﻿36.8040°N 10.1857°E﻿ / 36.8040; 10.1857

Léon Gambetta
Léon Gambetta (French: [leɔ̃ ɡɑ̃bɛta]; 2 April 1838 – 31 December 1882) was a French lawyer and republican politician who proclaimed the French Third Republic in 1870 and played a prominent role in its early government.