hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northern Railway (Russia)
The Severnaya Railway (Северная железная дорога; "Northern Railway") is a railway network linking Moscow with Arkhangelsk on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. It runs through Arkhangelsk, Komi, Vologda, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, and Vladimir regions of the Russian Federation.

Northern Railway counts its age from 15 September 1868 when its first part, Shuya-Ivanovo Railway connecting Ivanovo, Shuya and Novki, was opened.

The Yaroslavl Railway, owned by Savva Mamontov, was one of the first railways in Russia. The Alexandrov–Yaroslavl–Vologda line was opened in 1872. There are several monuments to Savva Mamontov along the road. The original Moscow–Yaroslavl Mainline is no longer operated from Yaroslavl; it was transferred to the Moscow Railway in 1959.

Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast
Alexandrov (Russian: Александров, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandrəf]) is a town and the administrative center of Alexandrovsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located 120 kilometers (75 mi) northeast of Moscow and has a population of 57,053 (2021 census); 61,551 (2010 census); 64,824 (2002 census); 68,220 (1989 Soviet census). It was previously known as Alexandrovskaya Sloboda. It operates on the EEST time zone, with the same time zone as Vladimir.
2012 Sun Belt Conference football season
The 2012 Sun Belt Conference football season was the 12th season of college football play for the Sun Belt Conference. The season began August 30, 2012 and concluded January 6, 2013 as part of the 2012-13 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Ten teams participated in the competition: Arkansas State, Florida Atlantic, Florida International, Louisiana–Lafayette, Louisiana–Monroe, Middle Tennessee State, North Texas, South Alabama, Troy and  Western Kentucky.

As part of the 2010-13 NCAA conference realignment, this was Florida Atlantic's and Florida International's final season in the conference before moving to Conference USA in 2013.

South Alabama competed in the Sun Belt for the first time and became the conference's tenth team. Due to NCAA transitional rules, South Alabama was not eligible for a conference championship or postseason play.

2012 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team
The 2012 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team represented Middle Tennessee State University as a member of Sun Belt Conference during the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Rick Stockstill, the Blue Raiders compiled an overall record of 8–4 with a mark of 6–2 in conference play, placing in a three-way tie for second in the Sun Belt. Despite finishing two wins above bowl eligibility, Middle Tennessee was not invited to a bowl game.

The 2012 season was the Blue Raiders last in the Sun Belt. Middle Tennessee initially announced a move to Conference USA (C-USA) to take effect no later than July 2014 and later moved the conference change up to July 2013.
Städtische Galerie im Park Viersen
Städtische Galerie im Park Viersen is the municipal art gallery of Viersen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It has a collection of graphic reproductions. The gallery is located in an old town house, surrounded by a park with huge old trees housing the Viersen sculpture collection.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Willrich
Willrich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Willrich (born 1967), American science fiction and fantasy writer

Jean Willrich (born 1953), German-American soccer player

Mason Willrich (born 1933), American law professor, arms control, and energy expert

Michael Willrich, American historian

Penny Willrich, American lawyer, academic administrator, and judge

Wolfgang Willrich (1897–1948), German artist

Chris Willrich
Chris Willrich (born August 28, 1967, in Mount Vernon, Washington) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He is best known for his stories about Persimmon Gaunt and Imago Bone.  His work has appeared in Asimov's Science Fiction, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Black Gate, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Flashing Swords!, The Mythic Circle, and Strange Horizons.
Asociación de Guías y Scouts de Costa Rica
The Asociación de Guías y Scouts de Costa Rica is the national Scouting and Guiding association of Costa Rica. Scouting was founded in Costa Rica in 1915 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1935. Guiding started in 1922 and became a member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1946. The association has more than 14,500 members of both genders.

An interesting aspect of Scouting in Costa Rica is a University course on Scouting. This course is mandatory for all future teachers. The course highlights the educational value of Scouting.

Scouting in Costa Rica has an emphasis on community service, rural Scouting and nature conservation projects. The association has a National Office and 8 regional offices throughout nine regions of Costa Rica (San José, Central and Northern Alajuela, Heredia, Cartago, Guanacaste, Puntarenas, Brunca, and Limón). Each regional office has a regional executive that links the region to the National Office.

Puntarenas Province
Puntarenas (Spanish pronunciation: [puntaˈɾenas]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the western part of the country, covering most of Costa Rica's Pacific Ocean coast, and it is the largest province in Costa Rica. Clockwise from the northwest, it borders on the provinces Guanacaste, Alajuela, San José and Limón, and the neighbouring country of Panama.
Jagged Mountain (Colorado)
Jagged Mountain is a high mountain summit in the Needle Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,830-foot (4,215 m) thirteener is located in the Weminuche Wilderness of San Juan National Forest, 12.2 miles (19.7 km) south-southeast (bearing 159°) of the Town of Silverton in San Juan County, Colorado, United States.

The first ascent of the peak was made from the south in August 1933 by a party of five members of the San Juan Mountaineers led by Dwight G. Lavender, who described it as “the most difficult peak yet ascended in the Colorado Rockies”. The following year Bill House and Elizabeth Woolsey put up a new route and found a descent down the north side of the peak. Their descent route is now the most commonly used route on the peak.

San Juan County, Colorado
San Juan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 705, making it the least populous county in Colorado. The county seat and the only incorporated municipality in the county is Silverton. The county name is the Spanish language name for "Saint John", the name Spanish explorers gave to a river and the mountain range in the area. With a mean elevation of 11,240 feet (3,430 meters), San Juan County is the highest county in the United States and also has the two highest elevation houses in the United States; the ‘Bonnie Belle’ above Animas Forks at 11,900’ – 11,950’ elevation and an unnamed house above Picayune Gulch at 12,000’ elevation.
Bombing of Leipzig in World War II
During World War II, Leipzig was repeatedly attacked by British as well as American air raids. The most severe attack was launched by the Royal Air Force in the early hours of 4 December 1943 and claimed more than 1,800 lives. Large parts of the city centre were destroyed, while factories experienced temporary shortfalls in production, had to move production facilities or even were decentralized.

At the outbreak of the war, Leipzig had more than 700,000 inhabitants and was therefore the sixth-largest city of the “Greater German Reich” (including Vienna). Leipzig additionally had significance by hosting the leading trade fair of the German Empire.

The Erla Maschinenwerk aircraft factory that produced Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes at the three locations of Heiterblick, Abtnaundorf and Mockau were important for warfare.

Leipzig was also an important railroad intersection in Germany at that time.

Leipzig Trade Fair
The Leipzig Trade Fair (German: Leipziger Messe) is a major trade fair, which traces its roots back for nearly a millennium. After the Second World War, Leipzig fell within the territory of East Germany, whereupon the Leipzig Trade Fair became one of the most important trade fairs of Comecon and was traditionally a meeting place for businessmen and politicians from both sides of the Iron Curtain. Since 1996, the fair has taken place on the Leipzig fairgrounds, located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the city centre.
Bettina Bradbury
Bettina Bradbury FRSC (born 1949) is a professor emerita in the Department of History and Gender Studies at York University and a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. She is also the author of numerous history books.

In 2012, she was awarded the Prix Lionel Groulx – Fondation Yves-Saint-Germain Prize and Clio-Québec Prize from the Canadian Historical Association (CHA) for her book Wife to Widow. Lives, Laws and Politics in 19th century Montreal. She was also awarded the François-Xavier Garneau Medal by the CHA and shortlisted for the Canada Prize in Social Sciences.

Canadian Historical Association
The Canadian Historical Association (CHA; French: Société historique du Canada, SHC) is a Canadian organization founded in 1922 for the purposes of promoting historical research and scholarship. It is a bilingual, not-for-profit, charitable organization, the largest of its kind in Canada. According to the Association, it "seeks to encourage the integration of historical knowledge and perspectives in both the scholarly and public spheres, to ensure the accessibility of historical resources, and to defend the rights and freedoms of emerging and professional historians in the pursuit of historical inquiry as well as those of history degree holders who utilize the analytical, research, communication, and writing skills they acquired during their studies to pursue a variety of career paths inside or outside of academia."
2020 Campeonato Paulista Série A2
The 2020 Campeonato Paulista Série A2 was the 27th season of the second level of the São Paulo state league under its current title and the 97th season overall.

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the season was indefinitely suspended on 16 March. Play was resumed on 19 August.  São Caetano and São Bento, two sides relegated from the first division in the previous season, won promotion back after one year. São Caetano were crowned champions on 12 October, after defeating the Sorocaba team 4–3 on penalties in the final, following a 3–3 aggregate score. São Caetano had already won the trophy in their last appearance in the second level, in 2017.

São Caetano Futebol
São Caetano Futebol, formerly known as Associação Desportiva São Caetano, commonly referred to as São Caetano, is a Brazilian professional football club based in São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo. Founded on 4 December 1989, they compete in the Campeonato Paulista Série A4, the fourth tier of the São Paulo state football league and play their home games at Estádio Anacleto Campanella. Their biggest rival is Santo André.

The club's only major title is winning the 2004 Campeonato Paulista, but the club is more well-known for their 2002 Copa Libertadores campaign, where they finished runner-up, and for their two runner-up finishes in the Serie A.

In November 2023, the club changed its name from Associação Desportiva São Caetano to São Caetano Futebol.
Haveli Bagh-e-Sardaran Complex
Haveli Bagh-e-Sardaran Complex, also known as the Raghunath Temple Complex, is a temple complex located in the Bagh Sardaran area of Rawalpindi in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is considered to be the second-oldest temple in the city, having been built in 1895.

The complex has three non-functional Hindu temples and two Sikh gurdwaras. It not only served as a religious site, but also as a welfare center for the local communities. Most of the complex now acts as an office and residence for the Special Branch of the Police.

The complex is frequented annually by Sikh visitors on the occasion of Vaisakhi.

Law enforcement in Pakistan
Law enforcement in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں نفاذِ قانون) is one of the three main components of the criminal justice system of Pakistan, alongside the judiciary and the prisons.
The country has a mix of federal, provincial and territorial police forces with both general and specialised functions, but the senior ranks of all the provincial forces and most of the federal ones are manned by members of the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP). The PSP is one of the most prestigious part of the Central Superior Services, Pakistan's main civil service organisation. Federal law enforcement agencies are generally overseen by the Ministry of Interior of the Government of Pakistan, while provincial police forces are overseen by a department of the government of that province.
Philippe Rühl
Philippe Jacques Rühl (3 May 1737 – 29/30 May 1795) was a statesman during the French Revolution, best remembered as the doyen d'âge (oldest deputy) of the opening session of the Convention of 1792–1795.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
Yu Yangyi
Yu Yangyi (Chinese: 余泱漪; born 8 June 1994) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. He qualified for the Grandmaster title at 14 years, 11 months and 23 days old in 2009. He is a three-time Chinese Chess Champion and the 2014 Asian Chess Champion.

Yu also has two gold medals from the Chess Olympiad in 2014 and 2018 as well as two gold medals from the World Team Chess Championship in 2015 and 2017.

Yu has participated in multiple editions of the Chess World Cup with his best performance coming fourth in 2019.

Aeroflot Open
The Aeroflot Open is an annual open chess tournament organised through the joint efforts of the Chess Federation of Russia and the Russian Ministry of Sport with the sponsorship from the Russian flag carrier, Aeroflot. It is played in Moscow, holding both the international open tournament and the Russian Youth Cup "Aeroflot Open - Children".

Aeroflot Open was established in 2002 as Swiss system tournament with nine rounds, and the winner is invited to the Dortmund chess tournament held later in the same year, a tradition begun in 2003. In 2013, it was converted into a rapid and blitz event. The first event had around 80 grandmasters, while in the second event 150 grandmasters participated. Beside the main tournament (A Group), there are also B and C-class tournaments.

The 2025 edition of this tournament was held from 1 - 6 March 2025, at The Carlton Moscow in Moscow, Russia. It was won by Ian Nepomniachtchi.
Shunfengshan Park
22°49′38″N 113°16′39″E﻿ / ﻿22.827182°N 113.277611°E﻿ / 22.827182; 113.277611

Shunfengshan Park (Chinese: 顺峰山公园; pinyin: shùnfēngshān gōngyuán), located at the foot of Taiping Mountain in Shunde District, Foshan City, is one of the "Ten Attractions of Shunde". It was built between 1999 and 2002, and was opened to public on October 24, 2004.

Foshan
Foshan (UK: /foʊˈʃæn/, US also /-ˈʃɑːn/; Chinese: 佛山) or Fatshan (also Fatsan, Jyutping: Fat6saan1) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province, China. The entire prefecture covers 3,848 km2 (1,486 sq mi) and had a population of 9,498,863 as of the 2020 census. The city is part of the western side of the Pearl River Delta megalopolis, a conurbation housing 86,100,000 inhabitants, making it the biggest urban area of the world.

Foshan is regarded as the home of Cantonese opera, a genre of Chinese opera; Nanquan, a martial art; and lion dancing.
Satan's Cradle
Satan's Cradle is a 1949 American Western film directed by Ford Beebe and written by J. Benton Cheney, and starring Duncan Renaldo, Leo Carrillo, Ann Savage, Douglas Fowley and Byron Foulger. It was released on October 7, 1949, by United Artists.

Ford Beebe
Ford Ingalsbe Beebe (November 26, 1888 – November 26, 1978) was a screenwriter and director. He entered the film business as a writer around 1916 and over the next 60 years wrote and/or directed almost 200 films.

He specialized in B-movies – mostly Westerns – and action serials, working on the "Buck Rogers" and "Flash Gordon" serials for Universal Pictures.
Antonio Virgili
Antonio Virgili (born in Naples, 1957 ) is an Italian social sciences and integrative medicine professor, researcher, and consultant. He is the scientific director of the Italian Institute of Social Sciences, president of the Centro Studi Internazionali, president of Corpo Italiano di San Lazzaro, and vice president of the Lazarus Union. In 2019, he was appointed by the High Council of the Judiciary and the Ministry of Justice as an Honorary Judge at Youth Courts. He has authored numerous articles, essays, and books, and is a scholar of esotericism and heraldic and symbology studies. He is also the second duke of Castelvenere. He inherited the title from his father: Fernando Virgili the first duke of Castelvenere.

Teen court
A teen court (sometimes called youth court or peer court) is a problem-solving court within the juvenile justice system where teens charged with certain types of offenses can be sentenced by a jury of same-aged peers.  Their purpose is to provide an alternative disposition for juveniles who have committed a delinquent act, have committed a minor offense, or have been charged with a misdemeanor, and are otherwise eligible for diversion.  Depending on their training, community support, and agreements with traditional court systems, most teen or youth courts are recognized as valid, legal venues for the process of hearing cases, sentencing and sentence fulfillment. Teen courts and their verdicts are not authorized by public law.
Saltara
Saltara is a frazione of the comune of Colli al Metauro in the province of Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, central Italy. It is on a 120-metre (390 ft) hill overlooking the lower Metauro valley. It was a separate comune until 1 January 2017.

Before World War II Saltara was a center of pallone col bracciale playing.

Pallone
Pallone (pronounced [palˈloːne]; Italian for an inflated ball, source of the English word balloon) is the name of several traditional ball games, played in all regions of Italy, with few differences in regulations.
John Salisse
John Joseph Salisse CBE  (24 March 1926 in Bournemouth − 26 September 2006 in Hampstead, London) was a director of Marks & Spencer from 1968 to 1985, and amateur magician.

Salisse was educated at Portsmouth Grammar School. He joined Marks & Spencer in 1944. He was the first non-Jew to be elected to the company board.

Salisse was a magician and author, who served The Magic Circle as their Honorary Secretary and Vice-President. He had a particular interest in Jasper Maskelyne.

He was married to Meg for 57 years until his death. They had one daughter.

Jasper Maskelyne
Jasper Maskelyne (29 September 1902 – 15 March 1973) was a British stage magician in the 1930s and 1940s. He was one of an established family of stage magicians, the son of Nevil Maskelyne and a grandson of John Nevil Maskelyne. He is most remembered for his accounts of his work for the British military during the Second World War, in which he claimed to have created large-scale ruses, deception, and camouflage in an effort to defeat the Nazis.
Sophia Agranovich
Sophia Agranovich is a Ukrainian-born American classical concert pianist, recording artist, music educator, producer and artistic director. She holds Bachelor and Master degrees from the Juilliard School, where she studied on full scholarship with Sascha Gorodnitzki and Nadia Reisenberg, and taught piano as a teaching fellow. She continued her doctoral studies at Teachers College, Columbia University. Her live performances and discography have won top international awards and critical acclaim. Her albums are charting in top 10 across all musical genres on One World Music Radio and on World Top Radio Airplay Charts. A Steinway Artist, she is concertizing at major venues worldwide, and has been described by Fanfare Magazine as "a bold, daring pianist in the tradition of the Golden Age Romantics" and praised by the American Record Guide for her "magnificent shading and superior musicianship."

Fanfare (magazine)
Fanfare is an American bimonthly magazine devoted to reviewing recorded music in all playback formats. It mainly covers classical music, but since inception, has also featured a jazz column in every issue.
Gillian Crampton Smith
Gillian Crampton Smith is a British educator, interaction designer, and a pioneer of computer desktop publishing. Since the early 1980s she has developed several academic graduate programs focused on digital graphic design, typesetting and human-computer interaction, notably at Saint Martin's School of Art, the Royal College of Art (1992-2000), Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (2000-2005) and Iuav University of Venice (2006–2014). She is an Honorary Professor at the University of Applied Sciences Potsdam, and an advisor at the MIT Senseable City Lab.

Fachhochschule Potsdam
The Fachhochschule Potsdam is a University of Applied Sciences in Potsdam, the capital of the German federal state of Brandenburg. It was founded in 1991 and teaching began in the 1991/92 winter semester.
Emergency department
An emergency department (ED), also known as an emergency room (ER), accident and emergency (A&E), or casualty, is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine, the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment; either by their own means or by that of an ambulance. The emergency department is usually found in a hospital or other primary care center.

Due to the unplanned nature of patient attendance, the department must provide initial treatment for a broad spectrum of illnesses and injuries, some of which may be life-threatening and require immediate attention. In some countries, emergency departments have become important entry points for those without other means of access to medical care.

The emergency departments of most hospitals operate 24 hours a day, although staffing levels may be varied in an attempt to reflect patient volume.

Acute (medicine)
In medicine, describing a disease as acute denotes that it is of recent onset; it occasionally denotes a short duration. The quantification of how much time constitutes "short" and "recent" varies by disease and by context, but the core denotation of "acute" is always qualitatively in contrast with "chronic", which denotes long-lasting disease (for example, in acute leukaemia and chronic leukaemia).

In the context of the mass noun "acute disease", it refers to the acute phase (that is, a short course) of any disease entity. For example, in an article on ulcerative enteritis in poultry, the author says, "in acute disease there may be increased mortality without any obvious signs", referring to the acute form or phase of ulcerative enteritis.