hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2005 debate on nuclear option (United States Senate)
The 2005 debate on the nuclear option was a political debate in the United States Senate regarding the possible use of the nuclear option to allow a simple majority to confirm judicial nominees.  At the time, three-fifths of all senators duly chosen and sworn (then 60 votes) were required to end debate on nominations under Rule XXII of the Senate's standing rules.

The debate was sparked when Majority Leader Bill Frist (Republican of Tennessee) threatened its use to end Democratic-led filibusters of judicial nominees submitted by President George W. Bush. In response to this threat, Democrats threatened to shut down the Senate and prevent consideration of all routine and legislative Senate business. The ultimate confrontation was prevented by the Gang of 14, a group of seven Democratic and seven Republican Senators, all of whom agreed to oppose the nuclear option and oppose filibusters of judicial nominees except in extraordinary circumstances.

Filibuster
A filibuster is a parliamentary procedure in which one or more members of a legislative body prolong debate on proposed legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision.

It is sometimes referred to as "talking a bill to death" or "talking out a bill", and is characterized as a form of obstruction in a legislature or other decision-making body. A motion of cloture (also closure or guillotine) requiring a supermajority can overcome filibustering. Overcoming filibuster with a simple majority is also called the nuclear option.
Chambord, Loir-et-Cher
Chambord (/ʃɒ̃ˈbɔːr/, US also /ʃæmˈbɔːrd/, French: [ʃɑ̃bɔʁ]) is a commune in the department of Loir-et-Cher, region of Centre-Val de Loire. It is best known for its Château de Chambord, part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Loire Valley
The Loire Valley (French: Vallée de la Loire, pronounced [vale də la lwaʁ]), spanning 280 kilometres (170 mi), is a valley located in the middle stretch of the Loire river in central France, in both the administrative regions Pays de la Loire and Centre-Val de Loire. The area of the Loire Valley comprises about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi). It is referred to as the Cradle of the French and the Garden of France due to the abundance of vineyards, fruit orchards (such as cherries), and artichoke and asparagus fields, which line the banks of the river. Notable for its historic towns, architecture, and wines, the valley has been inhabited since the Middle Palaeolithic period. In 2000, UNESCO added the central part of the Loire River valley to its list of World Heritage Sites.
Suzie Vinnick
Suzie Vinnick (born April 26, 1970) is a Canadian roots and blues singer-songwriter. She performs as a solo artist and contributes to variety of band projects, including The Marigolds (with Gwen Swick and Caitlin Hanford), Vinnick Sheppard Harte (with Kim Sheppard and Elana Harte), Betty and the Bobs and as a duo with Rick Fines.

Originally from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Vinnick is currently based in Toronto, Ontario. Vinnick is of Ukrainian descent.

Her music has appeared in commercials for Tim Hortons, Interac, Ontario Foodland, Tetley's Tea and Shoppers Drug Mart, as well as the soundtracks for MVP: The Secret Lives of Hockey Wives, ReGenesis and the film A Touch of Grey.

A Touch of Grey
A Touch of Grey is a 2009 Canadian drama film written by Sandra Feldman and co-directed by Feldman and Ian D. Mah. It is a coming of middle age film as four high school friends reuniting after 25 years, each facing a crossroads in their life as they ask themselves, "Is that all there is?"

The film won Best Canadian Film at the 2010 Buffalo Niagara Film Festival, and lead Maria del Mar received a Canadian Comedy Award for her performance.
Sweet and Innocent (Diamond Head song)
"Sweet and Innocent" is a single by British heavy metal band Diamond Head, released in 1980 by Media Records, a Wolverhampton-based label. It was a single A-side "Streets of Gold" as the B-Side, and was only available on 7". Both tracks eventually ended up on the re-released version of Diamond Head's 1980 debut Lightning to the Nations in 2001 by Sanctuary Records.

Lightning to the Nations
Lightning to the Nations (also known as The White Album) is the debut album by British heavy metal band Diamond Head. The album was recorded in 1980 (after the 1977 and 1979 demos) and released later that year through Happy Face Records, a label owned by the producer Muff Murfin of The Old Smithy studio of Worcester, due to lack of interest from major labels and the band feeling that they needed to get the ball rolling as other bands from the same era, such as Iron Maiden and Def Leppard, were already becoming big names.

It was originally released in a plain white sleeve with no title or track listing, and was subsequently named after the first track on the album. Metal Blade Records re-released it on CD in 1992. In 2001, it was re-issued in its original "White Album" form by Sanctuary Records, featuring seven bonus tracks that were featured on singles and EPs from this era.
Lüleburgaz railway station
Lüleburgaz railway station (Turkish: Lüleburgaz istasyonu) is a station in the village Durak, Turkey. Despite carrying the town's name, the station is located about 5.9 km (3.7 mi) south of Lüleburgaz. Ever since the station was opened, a settlement began around its vicinity, which later became the village of Durak. TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily regional train from Istanbul to Kapıkule, which stops at Lüleburgaz station.

The station was originally opened in 1873 by the Oriental Railway.

Chemins de fer Orientaux
The Chemins de fer Orientaux (English: Oriental Railway; Turkish: Rumeli Demiryolu or İstanbul-Viyana Demiryolu) (reporting mark: CO) was an Ottoman railway company operating in Rumelia (the European part of the Ottoman Empire, corresponding to the Balkan peninsula) and later European Turkey, from 1870 to 1937. The CO was one of the five pioneer railways in the Ottoman Empire and built the main trunk line in the Balkans. Between 1889 and 1937, the railway hosted the world-famous Orient Express.

The railway was charted in 1870 to build a line from Istanbul to Vienna. Because of many political problems in the Balkans, construction started and stopped and ownership changed or split often. Not until 1888 did the CO complete its objective, but after the First Balkan War in 1912, the railway was limited to only Eastern Thrace. The CO continued operations as a regional railway until 1937, when the Turkish State Railways absorbed it.
Marvin R. Pendarvis
Marvin Rashad Pendarvis (born October 13, 1989) is an American former politician who represented the 113th District (parts of Charleston County) in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2017 to 2024. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Petříček
Petříček (feminine Petříčková) is a Czech surname literally meaning 'little Peter'. Notable people with this surname include the following:

Jan Petříček, Czech slalom canoeist

Květa Petříčková, Czech field hockey player

Tomáš Petříček, Czech politician

Tomáš Petříček (canoeist), Czech slalom canoeist

Vladimír Petříček, Czech rower

Vladimír Petříček
Vladimír Petříček (born 17 June 1948) is a retired Czech rowing coxswain who competed for Czechoslovakia. He had his best achievements in the coxed pairs with Oldřich Svojanovský and Pavel Svojanovský, winning the European title in 1969, an Olympic silver medal in 1972, and a world championships bronze medal in 1974. He also won a bronze medal in the coxed fours at the 1972 Olympics and finished fourth in 1976.
Immediate Geographic Region of Varginha
The Immediate Geographic Region of Varginha is one of the 10 immediate geographic regions in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha, one of the 70 immediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 509 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.

Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Portuguese: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. The IBGE performs a decennial national census; questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.

The IBGE is a public institute created in 1936 under the name National Institute of Statistics. Its founder and chief proponent was statistician Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas. The current name dates from 1938. Its headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro, and its current president is Marcio Pochmann, replacing Eduardo Rios Neto. It was made a federal agency by the Federal Decree-Law No. 161 of February 13, 1967, and is linked to the Ministry of the Economy, inside the Secretariat of Planning, Budget and Management.
Károly Radóczy
Károly Radóczy (30 August 1885 – 17 January 1962) was a Hungarian athlete.  He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London and at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

In 1908 in the 200 metres, Radóczy advanced to the semifinals after a walkover win in the preliminary heats.  In Radóczy's first actual race he clocked in at 22.8 seconds, 0.2 seconds behind Robert Kerr and 0.1 seconds behind William Hamilton. His third-place finish in the heat did not qualify him to advance to the final. Four years later he was eliminated in the first round of the 800 metres competition.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres at the 1912 Summer Olympics was the event’s fifth appearance, remaining one of 12 athletics disciplines contested at every games. The competition was held from Saturday, July 6, 1912, to Monday, July 8, 1912. Forty-seven runners from 16 nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Ted Meredith of the United States, the nation's third consecutive victory in the 800 metres. Mel Sheppard became the first man to win two medals in the event, coming in second to miss out on defending his 1908 gold. Ira Davenport completed the United States sweep, the second time the Americans had swept the 800 metres podium (after 1904).
Taneda
Taneda (written: 種田) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Megumi Taneda (種田 恵) (born 1986), Japanese swimmer

Risa Taneda (種田 梨沙) (born 1988), Japanese voice actress

Ritsuko Taneda (種田 律子), Japanese musician

Santōka Taneda (種田 山頭火) (1882–1940), pen-name of Taneda Shōichi, Japanese writer and poet

Ritsuko Taneda
Ritsuko Taneda (種子田 律子, Taneda Ritsuko) is a Japanese musician, best known as the bass guitarist and rhythm guitarist for the pop punk band Shonen Knife from 2006 to 2016. Before joining Shonen Knife, she was a guitarist and vocalist for the J-Pop groups Keihan Girl and Denki Candy.
Florida State Road 22
State Road 22 (SR 22) runs east and west from US 98 Business in Springfield to SR 71 in Wewahitchka.  SR 22 is known as East 3rd Street in Springfield and Wewa Highway from Callaway to Wewahitchka. With the exception of the intersection with US 98 in Callaway, SR 22 is entirely a two-lane undivided highway, and is far more rural east of Callaway.

Beginning one block south of SR 22's eastern terminus, County Road 22 (CR 22) extends the route to the banks of the Apalachicola River. Several other disconnected segments of CR 22 exist in the Apalachicola National Forest and to the east in Liberty and Wakulla Counties, evidencing a former plan to extend SR 22 to Sopchoppy via Sumatra.

Sopchoppy, Florida
Sopchoppy is a city in Wakulla County, Florida, United States. The city is located on the Florida Panhandle in North Florida, with Ochlockonee River State Park located nearby. It is part of the Tallahassee, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 426 at the 2020 census, down from 457 at the 2010 census.
Jay Turser
Jay Turser Guitars is an American musical instruments manufacturer, currently a brand of Davitt & Hanser, a division of JAM Industries. Since its inception, Jay Turser has been producing electric and acoustic guitars.

In 2008, Jay Turser signed a deal with Graph Tech Guitar Labs (the world's leading guitar nut and saddle maker by then) to incorporate its technology to instruments manufactured. Graph Tech was also supplier for several guitar companies such as Taylor, Martin, Larrivée, Ovation, Carvin, Fender, Fernandes, Godin, Ibanez, Samick, Schecter, Gibson, Tacoma and Yamaha.

Jay Turser was a subsidiary of the U.S. Music Corporation (located in Buffalo Grove, Illinois) until it was acquired by Canadian corporate group Jam Industries in 2009.

Fernandes Guitars
Fernandes Guitars is a guitar brand of Japanese marketing company Fernandes Electric Sound Research Group Co. Ltd. It is one of two guitar brands belonging to the company, the other being Burny Guitars which are Gibson guitar replicas.
Din of Ecstasy
Din of Ecstasy is the second studio album by singer-songwriter and guitarist Chris Whitley. It was released on Columbia Records in 1995.

It was produced primarily by John Custer and Chris Whitley. The album was recorded by Steve Melton (assisted by Danny Kadar and Kent Bruce) and mixed by Toby Wright at Muscle Shoals Sound in Sheffield, Alabama, as well as Baby Monster, Sony Music Studios, and Electric Lady Studios in New York City.

In 2014 Danny Kadar published an alternative version of the album on SoundCloud without the additional effects in the official version.

The album followed 4 years after his first album in a marked departure of style with "Hendrixian feedback" and "loud, grungy alternative rock".

Danny Kadar
Danny Kadar (born August 15, 1969) is an American record producer, audio engineer, and mixer, living in New Orleans. While growing up in New York City, Kadar first began as a student photographer studying at Pratt Institute, he later decided to go into the music industry with his own band at the time. After being in the studio, Kadar would soon learn more about how to run the studio. With all the experience he has from producing, editing, and mixing, Kadar has been able to work with popular acts such as Band of Horses, My Morning Jacket, and Iggy Pop.
Bob McNab
Robert McNab (born 20 July 1943) is an English former footballer who played as a defender. McNab featured for clubs Huddersfield Town, Arsenal, Wolverhampton Wanderers, San Antonio Thunder, Barnet, Vancouver Whitecaps and Tacoma Stars in his playing career. He also played for England's national football team.

As a manager he was at the helm of Vancouver Whitecaps, Tacoma Stars, San Jose Grizzlies and Portsmouth.

San Jose Grizzlies
The San Jose Grizzlies were a professional indoor soccer team based in San Jose, California, United States. The team was founded on November 24, 1993, and played in the Continental Indoor Soccer League (CISL). After playing in the 1994 and 1995 CISL seasons, the Grizzlies folded in February 1996. The team played at San Jose Arena, which they shared with the San Jose Sharks, and had an average attendance of 3,712 across both seasons.
Empire, Colorado
The historic Town of Empire is a statutory town located in Clear Creek County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 345 at the 2020 United States census, a +22.34% increase since the 2010 United States census. The town is a former gold mining camp settled during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush that later flourished during the Colorado Silver Boom in the late 19th century. Empire is now a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.

It is located in the valley of Clear Creek west of Denver, on the north side of the valley. The town consists of several commercial establishments and residents. U.S. Highway 40 passes through the town as its ascends towards Berthoud Pass, putting the town on the direct route between Denver and Middle Park.

Clear Creek (Colorado)
Clear Creek is a tributary of the South Platte River, approximately 66 miles (106 km) long, in north central Colorado in the United States. The creek flows through Clear Creek Canyon in the Rocky Mountains directly west of Denver, descending through a long gorge to emerge at the town of Golden, finally ending in the Colorado Eastern Plains where it joins the South Platte. Clear Creek is unusual in that it is a stream named "creek" fed by a stream named "river"; typically "rivers" are fed by "creeks", and are larger bodies of water, although the nomenclature is ambiguous and there is no clear system. Fall River empties into Clear Creek along I-70 west of Idaho Springs, Colorado.
Jameh Mosque of Darab
The Jāmeh Mosque of Darab (Persian: مسجد جامع داراب; Arabic: جامع داراب) is a Shi'ite Friday mosque (jāmeh), located in the city of Darab, in the province of Fars, Iran. Built during the Seljuq era, it is the only mosque in Iran with four minarets.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 9 January 1978, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
Andrew Hawkins
Andrew Austin Wyatt Hawkins (born March 10, 1986) is an American former professional football wide receiver. He played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cincinnati Bengals and Cleveland Browns and two seasons for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL), where he was part of back-to-back Grey Cup Championships. He had signed with the New England Patriots in the 2017 offseason, but announced his retirement just days before training camp. He played college football for the Toledo Rockets from 2004 to 2007.

Toledo Rockets football
The Toledo Rockets football team is a college football program in Division I FBS, representing the University of Toledo. The Rockets compete in the Mid-American Conference. Toledo began playing football in 1917, although it did not field teams in 1931, 1943, 1944, and 1945. Since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, Toledo has finished in the Top 25 four times with its highest finish coming in 1970 when it ranked No. 12 after finishing 12–0. Toledo has a 12–11 record in bowl games.
1999 Race of Champions
The 1999 Race of Champions took place on December 5 at Gran Canaria. It was the 12th running of the event, and the eighth running at Gran Canaria. It was the first year for the new Nations' Cup Competition, which saw teams of three competitors – a rally driver, a circuit racing driver and a motorcyclist – team up to represent their nation and compete for national glory.

The vehicles used were the Peugeot 306 Maxi, The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution V WRC, the Toyota Corolla WRC and the ROC Buggy.

The individual competition was won by Didier Auriol for a fourth time, whilst the inaugural Nations' Cup was won by Finland with JJ Lehto, Tommi Mäkinen and Kari Tiainen.

Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria (UK: /ˌɡræn kəˈnɛəriə, -ˈnɑːr-/, US: /ˌɡrɑːn kəˈnɑːriə, -ˈnɛər-/; Spanish: [ɡɾaŋ kaˈnaɾja] ⓘ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa. As of 2023 the island had a population of 862,893 that constitutes approximately 40% of the population of the archipelago. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the capital of the island, is the largest city of the Canary Islands and the ninth-largest city of Spain.

Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa and about 1,350 km (840 mi) from Europe. With an area of 1,560 km2 (600 sq mi) and an altitude of 1,956 m (6,417 ft) at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the third largest island of the archipelago in both area and altitude. Gran Canaria is also the third most populated island in Spain.
ASKAP J1839−075
ASKAP J1839−075 is an unconfirmed neutron star/magnetar candidate located in the constellation Scutum, approximately 13,040 light years from Earth. With a rotation period of 6.45 hours, as of 2025 it is the slowest rotating neutron star candidate ever discovered. Objects with such properties are thought to be neutron stars with unusually very slow polar precession.

Magnetar
A magnetar is a type of neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field (~109 to 1011 T, ~1013 to 1015 G). The magnetic-field decay (or dissipation) powers the emission of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays and gamma rays.

The existence of magnetars was proposed in 1992 by Robert Duncan and Christopher Thompson following earlier work by Jonathan I. Katz on the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR 0525-66, then called a gamma-ray burst.

Their proposal sought to explain the properties of transient sources of gamma rays, now known as soft gamma repeaters (SGRs). Over the following decade, the magnetar hypothesis became widely accepted, and was extended to explain anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs). As of July 2021, 24 magnetars have been confirmed.

It has been suggested that magnetars are the source of fast radio bursts (FRB), in particular as a result of findings in 2020 by scientists using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope.
Geoff Davies (Australian cricketer)
Geoffrey Robert Davies (born 22 July 1946) is a former Australian cricketer. He played 73 first-class matches, mostly for New South Wales, between 1965/66 and 1971/72. He toured New Zealand with the Australian team in 1966-67 and 1969-70, and was once 12th man for the Australian Test team.

Davies was a middle-order batsman and leg-spin bowler. When he was chosen to tour New Zealand in 1967 The Canberra Times said he was "destined to become a permanent member of the Australian side – if he retains his promise". He played as the professional for East Lancashire in the Lancashire League in 1967 and was one of the league's leading players, scoring 695 runs at an average of 48.98 and taking 40 wickets at 15.97. He scored 112 and took 6 for 43 in the second innings in New South Wales' victory over Queensland in 1967-68. He was considered a contender for the 1968 tour of England, but was not selected.

East Lancashire Cricket Club
East Lancashire Cricket Club is a cricket club in the Lancashire League, which plays its home games at Alexandra Meadows in Blackburn. For the 2024 season its captain is James Westhead and its professional is Adithya Siriwardhana. The club has been successful, winning the League on 14 occasions, the Worsley Cup a record 18 times, and the Inter League Club Challenge Trophy twice. It has employed professionals including Fazal Mahmood, Allan Border and Paul Reiffel.