hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission, 447 U.S. 557 (1980), was an important case decided by the United States Supreme Court that laid out a four-part test for determining when restrictions on commercial speech violated the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Justice Powell wrote the opinion of the court. Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. had challenged a Public Service Commission regulation that prohibited promotional advertising by electric utilities. Justice Brennan, Justice Blackmun, and Justice Stevens wrote separate concurring opinions, and the latter two were both joined by Justice Brennan. Justice Rehnquist dissented. The case presented the question whether a regulation of the New York Public Service Commission violates the First and Fourteenth Amendments because it completely bans promotional advertising by an electrical utility.

New York Public Service Commission
The New York Public Service Commission is the public utilities commission of the New York state government that regulates and oversees the electric, gas, water, and telecommunication industries in New York as part of the Department of Public Service. The department's regulations are compiled in title 16 of the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations. The current chairman of the commission and chief executive of the Department is Rory M. Christian. His term began on June 10, 2021, and runs through February 1, 2027.
Campaign (video game)
Campaign is a strategy war game developed and published by Empire Interactive. It was released in 1992 for MS-DOS and in 1993 for the Amiga and Atari ST.

The game is set in World War II. The player may play out scenarios like the Battle of the Bulge and D-Day. Apart from the strategic map, a battle mode will be opened if two hostile forces venture too near each other.

The military units are rendered well in this game, and it includes a 170-page-long equipment manual which also serves as the game's copy protection. It also includes a map editor to create scenarios or modify parts of the game.

It was followed by a sequel, Campaign II.

Empire Interactive
Empire Interactive was a British video game developer and publisher based in London. Founded in 1987 by Ian Higgins and Simon Jeffrey, it was acquired by Silverstar Holdings in 2006 and collapsed in 2009.
Modestus Yao Z. Ahiable
Modestus Yawo Zebu Ahiable (born 10 October 1948) was a Ghanaian politician and a member of parliament for Ketu North of the Volta Region Of Ghana. He also served as Ghana's Ambassador to Benin from 2009 to 2013. He served as Volta Regional Minister from 1993 to 1997 during the Jerry Rawlings government.

Ketu North (Ghana parliament constituency)
Ketu North is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Ketu North is located in the Ketu district of the Volta Region of Ghana.
David Mwaniki Ngugi
David Mwaniki Ngugi is a Kenyan politician. He belonged to Sisi Kwa Sisi and was elected to represent the Kinangop Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election. He currently belongs to the Grand National Union and is a candidate for the governor of Nyandarua in the 2013 general elections.

He appeared before the Akiwumi Commission in March 2009 and vouched his support for the current MP remuneration package. He also supports the idea of annual increase in pay for members of parliament, which he claims will be an incentive to attract skills and talent to the house.

Kinangop Constituency
Kinangop Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of five constituencies in Nyandarua County. The constituency has five wards, all of which elect Members of County Assembly (MCA's) for the Nyandarua County. The constituency was established for the 1988 elections.

It is not to be confused with Kinango Constituency located in Kwale County.

Main ethnic group: Kikuyu

Main economic activity: Agriculture (Dairy and crop farming)

Main crops: Irish potatoes, Cabbages, Carrots, Fruits, Kales, Wheat, Barley

Main dairy companies: KCC, Tuzo, Brookside, Kinangop dairies and other small dairy companies
Havana Water Tower
The Havana Water Tower is a historic water tower which stands in Havana, Illinois. Built in 1889 and designed by St. Louis architect F. William Raider, it holds 50,000 gallons and was the town's only water supply until 1962. It is the fourth-oldest water tower in Illinois.

American and Canadian Water Landmark
An American Water Landmark is a landmark within the United States, Canada, or Mexico that is a historic location and is associated in some way with water. The American Water Works Association has designated American Water Landmarks since 1969.

The following is the list of structures given the American Water Landmark designation:
Fissurina insidiosa
Fissurina insidiosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Southern Hemisphere, it has been recorded from mainland Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific region, the Caribbean, and India.

Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark. These lichens are characterized by their crust-like growth form and typically partner with orange-pigmented Trentepohlia algae. Many species produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies, and some have unusually large ascospores that can begin germinating almost immediately upon release. The family originated approximately 176 million years ago and has diversified steadily since, with major bursts of new species arising alongside the spread of flowering plants and tropical rainforests.
Gijsen
Gijsen is a Dutch patronymic surname meaning "Gijs' son". Among variant forms are Geijssen, Geysen, Ghijsen, Giesen, and Gijzen. Notable people with the surname include:

Joannes Gijsen (1932–2013), Dutch Roman Catholic bishop

Marnix Gijsen pseudonym of Jan-Albert baron Goris (1899–1984), Belgian writer

Wim Gijsen (1933–1990), Dutch science fiction and fantasy writer

Variants:

Geurt Gijssen (born 1934), Dutch chess referee

Dyon Gijzen (born 1994), Dutch football striker

Peeter Gijsels (1621–1690), Flemish Baroque painter

Joannes Gijsen
Joannes Baptist Matthijs Gijsen (October 7, 1932 – June 24, 2013) was a Dutch bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. After being Bishop (emeritus) of Roermond, Limburg, the Netherlands, he became Bishop (emeritus) of the Diocese of Reykjavík (Iceland). His episcopal motto was Parate viam Domini (Prepare the way of the Lord).
Fiorenzo
Fiorenzo is a masculine Italian given name. The feminine derivative is Fiorenza.

Notable people with the name include:

Fiorenzo (African saint), 5th-century North African bishop and saint

Fiorenzo Aliverti (born 1957), Italian cyclist

Fiorenzo Angelini (1916–2014), Italian cardinal

Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris (1831–1924), Italian general

Fiorenzo Carpi (1918–1997), Italian composer and pianist

Fiorenzo Chatrer (born 1987), Dutch footballer

Fiorenzo Di Giovanni (born 1967), French rower

Fiorenzo di Lorenzo (c. 1440 – 1522), Italian painter

Fiorenzo Fiorentini (1920–2003), Italian actor, writer, composer, screenwriter and radio personality

Fiorenzo Magni (1920–2012), Italian cyclist

Fiorenzo Marini (1914–1991), Italian fencer

Fiorenzo Maschera (1540–1584), Italian composer

Fiorenzo Serra (1921–2005), Italian film director

Fiorenzo Stolfi (born 1956), Sammarinese politician

Fiorenzo Tomea (1910–1960), Italian painter

Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris
Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris (Italian: [fjoˈrɛntso ˈbaːva bekˈkaːris]; 17 March 1831 – 8 April 1924) was an Italian general, especially remembered for his brutal repression of riots in Milan in 1898, known as the Bava Beccaris massacre.
Chaney's
Chaney's was a chain of department stores in Southern California. Harold Oaks Chaney (b. Ohio) opened a dry goods store in Lennox, California, in 1924, then his first department store in Hawthorne, California, southwest of Los Angeles. Chaney opened additional stores in the Los Angeles suburbs.

By 1961, Chaney had sold his stores, and only two stores with the Chaney nameplate remained, Inglewood and Hawthorne. Also by this time Chaney had a partner in the business, Ted Revere. Chaney and his family had moved to Siskiyou County in the far north of California and in that year Chaney took over management of Weed Mercantile, a local store in the town of Weed. Ted Revere took over management of the two remaining stores, which were renamed "Revere's".

Weed, California
Weed is a city in Siskiyou County, California, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the city had a total population of 2,862, down from 2,967 in 2010. There are several unincorporated communities adjacent to, or just outside of Weed, including Edgewood, Carrick, and Lake Shastina. These communities generally have mailing addresses that use Weed or its ZIP Code. Weed is about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Mount Shasta, a prominent northern California landmark, and the second tallest volcano in the Cascade Range.

Weed's city motto is "Weed like to welcome you". Weed has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.
Inisfada
40°47′09″N 73°39′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.785913°N 73.665974°W﻿ / 40.785913; -73.665974

Inisfada was the North Hills, Long Island estate of Nicholas Frederic Brady and Genevieve Brady (née Garvan), an American papal duke and duchess. Nicholas Brady was a convert from Episcopalianism to Catholicism and built the mansion as his family residence. Completed in 1920, the home was later given to the Jesuits who used the building as a seminary and later as the St. Ignatius Retreat House. The property was sold in May 2013 to developers, and the house was demolished in December 2013.

Episcopal polity
An episcopal polity, also known as episcopalianism, is a hierarchical form of church governance in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. The word "bishop" here is derived via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term *ebiscopus/*biscopus, from Ancient Greek  ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos) 'overseer'. It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and denominations, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anabaptist, Lutheran, and Anglican churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages. Many Methodist denominations have a form of episcopal polity known as connexionalism.
Triple system
In algebra, a triple system (or ternar) is a vector space V over a field F together with a F-trilinear map

The most important examples are Lie triple systems and Jordan triple systems. They were introduced by Nathan Jacobson in 1949.  In particular, any Lie algebra defines a Lie triple system and any Jordan algebra defines a Jordan triple system. They are important in the theories of symmetric spaces, particularly Hermitian symmetric spaces and their generalizations (symmetric R-spaces and their noncompact duals).

European Mathematical Society
The European Mathematical Society (EMS) is a European organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in Europe. Its members are different mathematical societies in Europe, academic institutions and individual mathematicians. The current president is Jan Philip Solovej, professor at the Department of Mathematics at the University of Copenhagen.
Driving license in Indonesia
The Indonesian driving license (Indonesian: Surat Izin Mengemudi, abbreviated as SIM) is a legal document required for a person to be allowed to drive a motor vehicle in Indonesia. It is issued by the Indonesian National Police (POLRI), renewable every 5 years, and is valid in all ASEAN member states without an International Driving Permit. Driving license holders are subject to all Indonesian road rules and regulations. There is no provisional driving license in Indonesia.

By definition, the license is considered both proof of registration and valid identification given to someone who has met administrative requirements, is physically and mentally healthy, understands traffic regulations and is qualified to drive a motorized vehicle. The minimum age for a license varies depending on class, starting from 17 for private cars to 23 for commercial heavy vehicles.

Learner's permit
A driver's permit, learner's permit, student permit, learner's license or provisional license is a restricted license that is given to a person who is learning to drive, but has not yet satisfied the prerequisite to obtain a driver's license. Having a learner's permit for a certain length of time is usually one of the requirements (along with driver's education and a road test) for applying for a full driver's license. To get a learner's permit, one must typically pass a written permit test, take a basic competency test in the vehicle, or both.
Dasha Nekrasova
Daria "Dasha" Dmitrievna Nekrasova (born February 19, 1991) is an American actress, filmmaker, and co-host of the Red Scare podcast with Anna Khachiyan, based in Dimes Square, New York City.

In 2018, she became known as "Sailor Socialism" after her interview with an InfoWars reporter, in which she was dressed in a sailor fuku, went viral. In 2021, she made her directorial debut with the horror film The Scary of Sixty-First, for which she won the Best First Feature Award at the Berlin International Film Festival, and appeared in a recurring role on the TV series Succession.

School uniforms in Japan
The majority of Japan's junior high and high schools require students to wear school uniforms. Female Japanese school uniforms are noted for their sailor aesthetics, a characteristic adopted in the early 20th century to imitate the popular sailor dress trend occurring in Western nations. The aesthetic also arose from a desire to imitate military style dress, particularly in the design choices for male uniforms. These school uniforms were introduced in Japan in the late 19th century, replacing the traditional kimono. Today, school uniforms are common in many Japanese public and private schools. The Japanese word for the sailor style of uniform is seifuku (制服).
Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role
Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female is an award given by Indiantelevision.com as part of its annual Indian Telly Awards for TV serials, to recognize a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a Supporting Role.

The award was first awarded in 2004. Since 2010, the award has been separated in two categories, Jury Award and Popular Award. Winner of Jury award is chosen by the jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting.

Diya Aur Baati Hum
Diya Aur Baati Hum (transl.  We Are the Lamp and the Wick) is an Indian television soap opera that aired on StarPlus from 29 August 2011 to 10 September 2016 comprising 1,487 episodes. It was produced under Shashi Sumeet Productions starring Anas Rashid and Deepika Singh.

Set on the backdrop of Pushkar, Rajasthan, Diya Aur Baati Hum focused on breaking the stereotypical image of women in rural India by showing the inspirational journey of Sandhya Rathi, whose ambition is to become an IPS officer. She achieves her goal with the help of her husband, Sooraj, by going against all odds.

A sequel series, Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji starring Rhea Sharma and Avinesh Rekhi, aired from 3 April 2017 to 1 June 2018.
Vladislav Borisov (cyclist)
Vladislav Vladimirovich Borisov (Russian: Владислав Владимирович Борисов; born 5 September 1978) is a Russian former cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 2000 and 2004 Olympics.

In 2007 he won the Russian National Road Race Championships.

Russian National Road Race Championships
The Russian National Road Race Championships are cycling races that are held annually to determine the Russian cycling champion in road racing, across several categories of riders. The event was first held in 1992 and was won by Asiat Saitov. Sergei Ivanov holds the men's record of most victories with six.
2022–23 Danish 3rd Division
The 2022–23 Danish 3rd Division was the second season of the Danish 3rd Division since its establishment in 2021. The season started on 6 August 2022 with a group of twelve teams. After 22 rounds the group was split in a promotion group and a relegation group. The top two teams of the promotion group were promoted to the 2023–24 Danish 2nd Division.

Danish 3rd Division
The 3rd Division (Danish: Danmarksturneringens 3. division or Herre-DM 3. division) is the fourth tier of the Danish football league system since the 2021–22 season. It is the semi-professional association football league for men. It is organised by the Divisionsforeningen on behalf of the Danish Football Association (DBU) as part of the nationwide football competitions and is positioned between the third-tier 2nd Division and the fifth-tier Denmark Series in the league pyramid.
Oscar Sigvald Julius Strugstad
Oscar Sigvald Julius Strugstad (6 July 1851 – 12 August 1919) was a Norwegian military officer and politician. He served as Minister of Defence from 1903 to 1905.

He died in 1919 and was buried at Vestre gravlund. His son and grandson were both named Oscar Sigvald Strugstad.

Minister of Defence (Norway)
The Norwegian Minister of Defence is the head of the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. The position has existed since 1814. The incumbent minister since 4 February 2025 is Tore O. Sandvik of the Labour Party.

Between 1819 and 1885 the Ministry was split into two different ministries, the Ministry of the Navy and the Army Ministry.
Tara MacLean
Tara Margaret Charity MacLean (born October 25, 1973) is an Irish-Canadian singer, songwriter, best-selling author and playwright.
Her songs as a solo artist include "Evidence", "If I Fall", and "Sparrow". She was a member of the Juno nominated Atlantic Canadian group, Shaye with Kim Stockwood and Damhnait Doyle from 2002 to 2007. Her best selling memoir, Song of the Sparrow (HarperCollins) debuted at #4 for Canadian non-fiction.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Clyde Fortuin
Clyde Fortuin (born 18 August 1995) is a South African cricketer. He was part of South Africa's squad for the 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was included in the Border cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. In August 2017, he was named in Bloem City Blazers' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after.

In September 2019, Fortuin was named in Northern Cape's squad for the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup. In April 2021, he was named in Boland's squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa. On 4 October 2021, in the 2021–22 CSA Provincial T20 Knock-Out tournament, Fortuin scored his first century in Twenty20 cricket, with 104 not out against Warriors.

2015 Africa T20 Cup
The 2015 Africa T20 Cup was a Twenty20 cricket tournament held in South Africa from 4 September to 4 October 2015, as a curtain-raiser to the 2015–16 South African domestic season. Organized by Cricket South Africa, it featured thirteen South African provincial teams, as well as a Zimbabwean development XI and the national sides of Kenya and Namibia.

The sixteen participating teams were split into four pools of four, with the teams from each pool playing all of their matches at one ground across a single weekend. Benoni, Potchefstroom, Kimberley, and Bloemfontein hosted matches, as other venues were unavailable at that point in the season. Northerns defeated KwaZulu-Natal Inland in the final, which was held at Bloemfontein's Mangaung Oval. The tournament's leading runscorer was KZN Inland's Vaughn van Jaarsveld, while four players shared the leading wicket taker title.
Liparus dirus
Liparus dirus is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Molytinae.

It is mainly present in Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Spain.

Larvae and adults feed on Apiaceae species, mainly on Laserpitium latifolium, Laserpitium gallicum and Peucedanum cervaria. The adults grow up to 17–19 millimetres (0.67–0.75 in) long and can mostly be encountered from March through September.

The colour of this beetle is completely black, with the surface of elytra finely and densely dotted, without stains.

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.
Sanilac
Sanilac can refer to:

Sanilac County, Michigan

Sanilac Township, Michigan

Port Sanilac, Michigan

Port Sanilac Lighthouse

Port Sanilac Masonic and Town Hall

Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park

Sanilac Shores Underwater Preserve

Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park
Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park is a historic preservation area in the U.S. state of Michigan. The state park, also known as ezhibiigadek asin (Ojibwe for "written on stone"), consists of 240 acres (97 ha) in Greenleaf Township, Sanilac County, in Michigan's Thumb. It contains the largest collection of Native American petroglyphs in Michigan. The carvings were created in the pre-Columbian era and represent aspects of Native American spirituality. An interpretive hiking trail within the park passes along the nearby Cass River.

The park is co-managed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and the Saginaw Chippewa Nation. It was donated to the state by the Michigan Archaeological Society in 1971, and it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Vasiliy Tairov
Vasiliy Egorovich Tairov (or Vasyl or Vasil; 1859–1938) was a Soviet and Armenian viticulturist and scientist. After studying winemaking in France, he and his cousin Nerses Tairan opened the first brandy factory in Armenia. Tairov founded the Winemaking Bulletin, a journal, in Odessa, Ukraine in 1892. In 1905, he founded what would become the V.Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking. It was the first scientific winemaking institution in Odessa. A memorial in his honor was erected in Odessa to celebrate his 185th birthday.

Ministry of State Property
The Ministry of State Property, also translated as the Ministry of State Domains, (Russian: Министерство государственных имуществ (МГИ), Ministerstvo gosudarstvennykh imushestv (MGI)) was the ministry in the government of the Russian Empire which controlled government-owned lands and any other government property, especially farms and agricultural land, and prior to the peasant reform of 1863, the state peasants that worked the lands.