hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soroush Eskandari
Soroush Eskandari Vatannejad (Persian: سروش اسکندری وطن‌نژاد, born 6 June 1989) is an Iranian badminton player. In 2014, he won the men's doubles title at the Kenya International tournament partnered with Hasan Motaghi. In 2015, he became the men's singles champion at the Zambia International tournament. He also won the men's doubles title at the South Africa International tournament partnered with Farzin Khanjani.

South Africa International
The South Africa International is an international badminton tournament held in South Africa organised by Badminton South Africa, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF) and Badminton Confederation of Africa (BCA). Since 2018, this tournament has been a BWF Future Series.
Oosterzele
Oosterzele (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈoːstərˌzeːlə]) is a municipality located in the Flemish province of East Flanders, in Belgium. The municipality comprises the towns of Balegem, Gijzenzele, Landskouter, Moortsele, Oosterzele proper and Scheldewindeke. In 2021, Oosterzele had a total population of 13,740. The total area is 43.12 km². Its twin town is Oberkirch in Germany.

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
Black Oath
The Black Oath was a 1639 oath that Scots in Ulster who were over the age of 16 were required to take under penalty of a fine or imprisonment.

The oath was aimed at stopping Covenanters: it required rejecting the National Covenant, an agreement signed by many people of Scotland during 1638, which opposed the proposed Laudian reforms of the Church of Scotland by King Charles I; and loyalty or obedience to the king.

The oath was reportedly framed by Hugh Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery and James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye and recommended by Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, the Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1632 to 1640, who urged its enforcement throughout the country starting on 21 May 1639.

The imposition of the Black Oath was related to the larger context of religious and political matters leading up to and including the Bishops' Wars of 1639 and 1640 in Scotland and northern England and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1653) overall.

James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye
James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye (c. 1560 – 24 January 1644) was a Scot who became owner of large tracts of land in County Down, Ireland, and founded a successful Protestant Scots settlement there several years before the Plantation of Ulster. Hamilton was able to acquire the lands as a result of his connections with King James I, for whom he had been an agent in negotiations for James to succeed Queen Elizabeth I.
Vaughan Metropolitan Centre
Vaughan Metropolitan Centre is the city centre of Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. Measuring 179 hectares (442 acres), the district is located at the intersection of Highway 7 and Jane Street, northeast of the Highway 400 and Highway 407 interchange, at the site of the historic farming community of Edgeley within the larger district of Concord. The district is home to most of Vaughan's tallest buildings, and is served by the TTC subway station of the same name, which is the northwestern terminus of Line 1 Yonge–University of the Toronto subway system. It is also a major transit hub for York Region Transit (YRT), as well as Viva and Züm bus rapid transit services.

Toronto subway
The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. It is operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), an agency of the City of Toronto. The system is a rail network consisting of five lines: Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, Line 4 Sheppard, Line 5 Eglinton, and Line 6 Finch West.

In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway" and now part of Line 1, under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2026, the network encompasses 109 stations and 99.4 kilometres (61.8 mi) of route. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 331,789,000, or about 1,079,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025, making it the busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of daily ridership. As of February 2026, there are 21 stations under construction as part of one new line (the Ontario Line) and two extensions to existing lines.
Penrhos College, Perth
Penrhos College is an independent Uniting Church single-sex primary and secondary day and boarding school for girls, located in Como, a southern suburb of Perth, Western Australia.

Founded in 1952 as the Methodist Ladies' College, South Perth, Penrhos has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 1,400 students from Kindergarten to Year 12, including 105 boarders in Years 7 to 12.

The college is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia (AGSA), and is a member of the Independent Girls Schools Sports Association (IGSSA). The school takes pride in its 17 consecutive wins in the IGSSA athletics, and almost as many in the cross country and swimming events.

Penrhos College's brother school is Wesley College located in South Perth.

South Perth, Western Australia
South Perth is an inner suburb of Perth, the capital of the Australian state of Western Australia. Its local government area is the City of South Perth.

South Perth is separated from the Perth central business district (CBD) by Perth Water, a section of the Swan River. It is connected to the CBD via the Narrows Bridge which carries the Kwinana Freeway and Mandurah railway line. Public ferries are also operated by Transperth between the Mends Street Jetty in South Perth and Elizabeth Quay Jetty in the CBD.

South Perth is primarily residential, with commercial areas along major thoroughfares such as Canning Highway, Mill Point Road and Angelo Street. It has extensive river frontage, including the South Perth Esplanade and Sir James Mitchell Park, with high-density areas around Mill Point and Point Belches facing the Perth skyline. The suburb also includes the Perth Zoo and Royal Perth Golf Club.
Younas Ahmadzai
Younas Ahmadzai (born 16 November 1995) is an Afghan cricketer. He made his List A debut for Afghanistan A against Zimbabwe A during their tour to Zimbabwe on 27 January 2017. He was named in Afghanistan's squad for the 2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

He made his Twenty20 debut for Speen Ghar Tigers in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 11 September 2017. He made his first-class debut for Band-e-Amir Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 20 October 2017. In the final of the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament, batting for Band-e-Amir Region against Speen Ghar Region, he scored 210 not out in the first innings.

2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
The 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was a one-day cricket competition for sixteen international U-19 cricketing teams which was played in the United Arab Emirates. It was the tenth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup. Sixteen nations competed: the ten Test-playing teams, the United Arab Emirates as hosts, and five additional associate and affiliate qualifiers (Afghanistan, Canada, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, and Scotland). India entered the tournament as defending champions, having won the title in 2012 in Australia under the captaincy of Unmukt Chand.
In the final, South Africa beat Pakistan by six wickets to win the tournament. South Africa captain Aiden Markram was awarded Man of the Series.
Hirosuke Hamada
Hirosuke Hamada (浜田 広介, Hamada Hirosuke; May 25, 1893 - November 17, 1973) was a Japanese children's book writer. His birth name was Hamada Hirosuke (濱田 廣助). He was the first president of the Japan Juvenile Writers Association.

Some of his most well-known works are The Red Oni who Cried (泣いた赤鬼, Naita Aka-oni), A Dream of a Gray Starling (椋鳥の夢, Mukudori no yume) and  Dragon's Tears (竜の目の涙, Ryu no me no namida), and a series of works known as  Hirosuke's Fairytales (ひろすけ童話, Hirosuke Dōwa).

Together with Jōji Tsubota and Mimei Ogawa, he is considered one of the "Three Sacred Treasures of Youth Literature" in Japan.

Imperial Regalia of Japan
The Three Sacred Treasures (三種の神器, Sanshu no Jingi/Mikusa no Kamudakara) are the imperial regalia of Japan and consist of the sword Kusanagi no Tsurugi (草薙劍), the mirror Yata no Kagami (八咫鏡), and the jewel Yasakani no Magatama (八尺瓊勾玉). They represent the three primary virtues: valour (the sword), wisdom (the mirror), and benevolence (the jewel). The actual historical status of these legendary treasures is unknown as they are intentionally kept from public view to symbolize authority.

Representations of the regalia are used in masakaki in many Shinto rituals.
Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad)
The Overland Route was a train route operated jointly by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad/Southern Pacific Railroad, between the eastern termini of Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Omaha, Nebraska, and the San Francisco Bay Area, over the grade of the first transcontinental railroad (also called the "Pacific Railroad") which opened on May 10, 1869. Passenger trains that operated over the line included the Overland Flyer, later renamed the Overland Limited, with its eastern terminal in Chicago.

The Overland Route remains a common name for the line from northern California to Chicago, now owned entirely by the Union Pacific. The route is now primarily used for freight, with a few portions used by Amtrak's California Zephyr passenger train.

Rawlins, Wyoming
Rawlins is a city in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 8,221 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Carbon County. It was named for Union General John Aaron Rawlins, who camped in the locality in 1867.
Wari Kunka (Peru)
Wari Kunka (Aymara wari vicuña, kunka throat, "vicuña throat", wari kunka a medical plant (Thamnolia vermicularis), Hispanicized spelling Huaricunca) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Puno Region, El Collao Province, Santa Rosa District. It lies northeast of the lake Lurisquta, northwest of the mountain Janq'u Q'awa.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
Phonological history of English consonants
This article describes those aspects of the phonological history of English which concern consonants. The phonological history of English consonants involves major shifts from Old English to Modern English, characterized by cluster simplifications, palatalization, voicing changes, and loss of sounds. Influences from Old Norse and also from French introduced new sounds, while internal processes like assimilation and lenition streamlined the system, eventually creating the contemporary consonant inventory of English.

Palatalization (sound change)
Palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ PAL-ə-təl-eye-ZAY-shən) is a historical-linguistic sound change that results in a palatalized articulation of a consonant or, in certain cases, a front vowel. Palatalization involves change in the place or manner of articulation of consonants, or the fronting or raising of vowels. In some cases, palatalization involves assimilation or lenition.
Hell Is a City (novel)
Hell Is a City is a 1954 crime novel by the British writer Maurice Procter. It was the first in a series featuring Chief Inspector Harry Martineau, set in the Northern industrial city of Granchester. It takes the form of a police procedural, and marked a transition away from the traditional Golden Age detective novel.  Published by Hutchinson, it was released in the United States by Harper the same year under the alternative title Somewhere in This City.

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
Larry Thomason
Larry Thomason (October 31, 1948 – December 11, 2003) was an American Democratic politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives for 10 years.  He previously served as the Missouri House of Representatives Majority Whip.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
USS George F. Elliott (AP-105)
USS George F. Elliott (AP-105) was a cargo liner built for the Mississippi Shipping Company as SS Delbrasil for operation between New Orleans and the east coast of South America in 1939 by its operator, Delta Line. The ship entered that service and operated until taken over by the War Shipping Administration (WSA) on 28 April 1942 for operation by Delta Line acting as WSA's agent. On 25 August 1943 WSA allocated the ship to the Navy for conversion to a troop transport commissioned and operated by the Navy for the duration of the war. Ownership of the ship was transferred from Mississippi Shipping to WSA on 4 February 1944 while under Navy operation and was retained until sale to American South African Lines on 22 December 1948. The ship was renamed African Endeavor until returned as a trade in to the Maritime Commission on 22 September 1960 for layup in the James River reserve fleet and later sold to Boston Metals for scrapping.

Cargo liner
A cargo liner, also known as a passenger-cargo ship or passenger-cargoman, is a type of merchant ship which carries general cargo and often passengers.

They became common just after the middle of the 19th century, and eventually gave way to container ships and other more specialized carriers in the latter half of the 20th century.
Lubanie
Lubanie [luˈbaɲɛ] is a village in Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lubanie. It is located in the region of Kuyavia.

Kuyavia
Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy; Latin: Cuiavia), also referred to as Cujavia, is a historical region in north-central Poland, situated on the left bank of Vistula, as well as east from Noteć River and Lake Gopło. It is divided into three traditional parts: north-western (with the capital in Bydgoszcz), central (the capital in Inowrocław or Kruszwica), and south-eastern (the capital in Włocławek or Brześć Kujawski).
Gereb Segen (May Gabat)
Gereb Segen is a reservoir located in the Inderta woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 2016 by the Tigray Water Bureau, with the main aim of providing Mekelle with water.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Bastar: The Naxal Story
Bastar: The Naxal Story is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language political thriller film directed by Sudipto Sen and produced by Vipul Amrutlal Shah.  It stars Adah Sharma, Indira Tiwari, Vijay Krishna, Shilpa Shukla, Yashpal Sharma, Subrat Dutta and Raima Sen.

The film was announced in June 2023, along with the title of the film, it's based on the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh and the April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada. Bastar was theatrically released on 15 March 2024. The film received negative reviews from critics and was a major box office bomb.

Vipul Shah
Vipul Amrutlal Shah is a film producer and director of Hindi films. He began his career with Gujarati theatre. He was part/director of a number of Gujarati dramas, some of which were well received by audience. He made his debut with Gujarati film Dariya Chhoru (children of the ocean) in late 90s, with JD Majethia as the lead. As of 2010, he has directed six Hindi films, four of which have starred Akshay Kumar. He served as the producer and writer of the film The Kerala Story  and also associated with its sequel, The Kerala Story 2, whose release has been put on hold following directions from the Kerala High Court.
2006 Surat flood
The 2006 Surat flood occurred over 7–10 August 2006, which affected Surat, India, and nearby villages. About 80–95% of Surat was flooded.

The sudden release of a large amount of water into the Tapti River from the Ukai Dam caused the flood. The Government of Gujarat described the flood as a natural disaster, while reports from the People's Committee on Gujarat Floods of August 2006 and the Surat Citizens' Council Trust's Committee, described the flood as being the result of mismanagement.

Tapti River
The Tapti River (or Tapi) is a river in central India located to the south of the Narmada River that flows westwards before draining into the Arabian Sea. The river has a length of around 724 km (450 miles) and flows through the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. It flows through the city of Surat, in Gujarat, and is crossed by the Magdalla, ONGC Bridge.

On 7 August 1968, before the construction of the Ukai Dam to bring its waters under control and provide hydroelectric power, the Tapti River overflowed its banks during heavy rains in the monsoon season. More than 1,000 people drowned in the flood, and the city of Surat was submerged beneath 10 feet of water for several days. After the floodwaters receded, at least 1,000 more people died in Gujarat during a cholera epidemic from the contamination of the drinking water. The Tapti basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
2-Methyl-1-pentanol
2-Methyl-1-pentanol (IUPAC name: 2-methylpentan-1-ol) is an organic chemical compound. It is used as a solvent and an intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals. Due to its low solubility in water it has recently been suggested as a solvent in liquid–liquid extraction of ethanol from fermented feedstocks.

Ethanol fermentation
Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process. It also takes place in some species of fish (including goldfish and carp) where (along with lactic acid fermentation) it provides energy when oxygen is scarce.

Ethanol fermentation is the basis for alcoholic beverages, ethanol fuel and bread dough rising.
Mettam Memorial Baptist Church
Mettam Memorial Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at Pikesville, Baltimore County, Maryland. It is a 1+1⁄2-story gable-front stone structure  measuring 30-by-40-foot (9.1 by 12.2 m) and built in 1835.  It was renovated in 1965–1966 by the Pikesville Lions Club. The church sits on an acre of ground which includes a cemetery.  The building is named for its first pastor, Joseph Mettam. The congregation joined with five others to found the Maryland Baptist Union Association, later the Baptist State Mission Board of Maryland.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Pikesville, Maryland
Pikesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Pikesville is just northwest of the Baltimore city limits. It is the northwestern suburb closest to Baltimore.

The population was 30,764 at the 2010 census. The corridor along Interstate 795, which links Pikesville, Owings Mills, and Reisterstown to the Baltimore Beltway (Interstate 695), contains one of the larger Jewish populations in Maryland.
Endiandra
Endiandra is a genus of about 126 species of plants, mainly trees, in the laurel family Lauraceae.  They are commonly called "walnut" despite not being related to the Northern Hemisphere walnuts (Juglans spp.) which are in the family Juglandaceae.

Juglandaceae
The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia.

The nine or ten genera in the family have a total of around 63 species, and include the commercially important nut-producing trees walnut (Juglans), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), and hickory (Carya). The Persian walnut, Juglans regia, is one of the major nut crops of the world. Walnut, hickory, and gaulin are also valuable timber trees while pecan wood is also valued as cooking fuel.