hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tipong Pinoy
Tipong Pinoy (transl. Filipino type) is a Philippine television infotainment show broadcast by GMA Network from 1998 to 1999 and Studio 23 from 2003 to 2004. It was produced by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).

It is a 30-minute youth-orientated magazine-style show which features different aspects of both traditional and contemporary Filipino culture such as food, pop culture, beliefs and arts. Wency Cornejo and the late Susan Calo-Medina were the show's presenters. When the show was revived on Studio 23, Jannelle So and Alfred Vargas were chosen as its hosts.

Studio 23
Studio 23 (officially Studio 23, Inc. and stylized in all uppercase as STUDIO 23) was a Philippine free-to-air television network owned by AMCARA Broadcasting Network. The network was named for its flagship station in Metro Manila, DWAC-TV and carried on UHF channel 23. The network was a sister network of the main channel, ABS-CBN, airing programming aimed towards young adults, such as North American imports and other English-language programming, and original Tagalog programming aimed at the demographic as well, such as supplemental programming for ABS-CBN programs. This station studios were located at 3/F ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center, Sgt. Esguerra Ave., Mother Ignacia St., Diliman, Quezon City.
Opetope
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an opetope, a portmanteau of "operation" and "polytope", is a shape that captures higher-dimensional substitutions. It was introduced by John C. Baez and James Dolan so that they could define a weak n-category as a certain presheaf on the category of opetopes.

Substitution (logic)
A substitution is a syntactic transformation on formal expressions.
To apply a substitution to an expression means to consistently replace its variable, or placeholder, symbols with other expressions.

The resulting expression is called a substitution instance, or  instance for short, of the original expression.
British Information Services
British Information Services (BIS) was an overt propaganda organization that was part of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the government of the United Kingdom.

BIS was initially formed in 1941 as an organization to promote British interests in the United States. It was later expanded to operate in countries around the world, eventually expanding to have a presence in around 40 countries. attached to British embassies.

The U.S. operations of BIS had a headquarters in Washington, D.C., with offices in New York, Chicago and San Francisco. The New York office had a budget of £240,786 in 1949.

“The British Library of Information in New York: A Tool of British Foreign Policy, 1919-1942.” outlines the library's early history.

White propaganda
White propaganda is propaganda that does not hide its origin or nature. It is the most common type of propaganda and is distinguished from black propaganda which disguises its origin to discredit an opposing cause.

It typically uses standard public relations techniques and one-sided presentation of an argument.  In some languages the word "propaganda" does not have a negative connotation. For example, the Russian word propaganda (пропаганда) has a neutral connotation in some cases, similar to the English word "promotion" (of an opinion or argument). Jacques Ellul, in one of the major books on the subject of propaganda, Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes, mentions white propaganda as an acknowledgment of the awareness of the public of attempts being made to influence it. In some states there is a Ministry of Propaganda, for instance; in such a case, one admits that propaganda is being made, its source is known, and its aims and intentions are identified.
Stephen Bruno
Stephen Bruno is an American memorist and doorman. His 2024 book, Building Material tells the story of his two-decade career as a doorman on Park Avenue.

Bruno was born and raised in the Bronx to a Puerto Rican and Ecuadorian family. He attended Nyack College before receiving his Bachelor's degree from John Jay and an MFA from Hunter College.

Park Avenue
Park Avenue is a boulevard in New York City that carries north and southbound traffic in the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. For most of the road's length in Manhattan, it runs parallel to Madison Avenue to the west and Lexington Avenue to the east. Park Avenue's entire length was formerly called Fourth Avenue; the title still applies to the section between Cooper Square and 14th Street. The avenue is called Union Square East between 14th and 17th streets, and Park Avenue South between 17th and 32nd streets.
Schloss Frohsdorf
Schloss Frohsdorf is a castle-like complex in Lanzenkirchen in Niederösterreich and was built in 1547–50 out of the ruins of the so-called "Krotenhof".

After similar devastation in the year 1683 it was largely altered and renovated in the style of Baroque architecture. Greatly damaged by the Second World War, the palace was restored between 1968 and 1971 by the Austrian postal service.

Austrian Post
The Austrian Post (German: Österreichische Post Aktiengesellschaft) is a company that provides postal service in Austria. It was established in 1999 after a split-off from the state-owned PTT agency Post und Telekom Austria AG and is listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange.
Xiphiorhynchus
Xiphiorhynchus is an extinct genus of prehistoric swordfish that lived from the Eocene until the Miocene. Unlike the modern swordfish, both the upper and lower jaws of Xiphiorhynchus were extended into blade-like points. The largest member of this genus, Xiphiorhynchus rotundus, was at least 5.1 meters in length and had an estimate length of 708 kilograms, making it larger than any record extant billfish, and largest billfish ever known.

Billfish
The billfish are saltwater predatory ray-finned fish from the superfamily Xiphioidea, characterised by prominent pointed bills (rostra), and by their large size; some are longer than 4 m (13 ft). Extant billfish include sailfish and marlin, which make up the family Istiophoridae; and swordfish, sole member of the family Xiphiidae. They are often apex predators which feed on a wide variety of smaller fish, crustaceans and cephalopods.

Billfish are pelagic and highly migratory, and are found in all oceans. Although they usually inhabit tropical and subtropical waters, swordfish are also found in temperate waters. Billfish use their long spear/sword-like upper beaks to slash at and stun prey during feeding. Their bills have been known to impale prey, and have sometimes even accidentally impaled boats and people, but they are not intentionally used for this purpose. They are highly valued as game fish by sports fishermen.
Slingsby Sky
The Slingsby Type 34 Sky is a high performance single seat competition sailplane built in the United Kingdom.  It was successful in major events, particularly in the World Gliding Championships of 1952.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
St. Agnes Hospital (Baltimore)
Saint Agnes Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland is a full-service teaching hospital located at 900 S. Caton Avenue.

It is licensed and accredited with a Gold Seal of Approval from the Joint Commission, is designated as an American Society for Bariatric Surgery Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence and is a Level IIIB Perinatal Referral Center for Maryland. St. Agnes Hospital is a member of Ascension Health, the largest non-profit health care organization in the nation.

American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery
The American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) is a non-profit medical organization dedicated to metabolic and bariatric surgery, and obesity-related diseases and conditions. It was established in 1983.
Mawson Escarpment
Mawson Escarpment (73°5′S 68°10′E﻿ / ﻿73.083°S 68.167°E﻿ / -73.083; 68.167) is a flat-topped, west-facing escarpment which extends in a north–south direction for 110 km (70 mi) along the east side of Lambert Glacier in Antarctica. It was discovered by Flying Officer J. Seaton, Royal Australian Air Force, of the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions while on a reconnaissance flight in November 1956, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Sir Douglas Mawson.

On the northern end is the Barkell Platform.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld
Hallfreðr Óttarsson or Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld (Troublesome Poet) (c. 965 – c. 1007) was an Icelandic skald. He is the protagonist of Hallfreðar saga according to which he was the court poet first of Hákon Sigurðarson, then of Óláfr Tryggvason and finally of Eiríkr Hákonarson. A significant amount of poetry by Hallfreðr has been preserved, primarily in Hallfreðar saga and the kings' sagas but a few fragments are also quoted in Skáldskaparmál.

In his lausavísur Hallfreðr was an unusually personal skald, offering insight into his emotional life and, especially, his troubled and reluctant conversion from paganism to Christianity under the tutelage of king Óláfr. The following is an example.

The Bergsbók manuscript attributes an Óláfsdrápa Tryggvasonar to Hallfreðr, but this attribution is rejected by modern scholars.

Kings' sagas
Kings' sagas  (Icelandic: konungasögur, Nynorsk: kongesoger, -sogor, Bokmål: kongesagaer) are Old Norse sagas which principally tell of the lives of semi-legendary and legendary (mythological, fictional) Nordic kings, also known as saga kings. They were composed during the twelfth through the fourteenth centuries, primarily in Iceland, but with some written in Norway.

Kings' sagas frequently contain episodic stories known in scholarship as þættir, such as the Íslendingaþættir (about Icelanders), Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa, Hróa þáttr heimska, and Eymundar þáttr hrings (about people from elsewhere).
Put It Straight
"Put It Straight" (Korean: 싫다고 말해), also known as "Tell Me You Don't Like It", is a song recorded by South Korean girl group (G)I-dle, for their second extended play, I Made (2019), which was released on February 26, 2019, by Cube Entertainment. As the third track on the album, it was written by Soyeon, and was produced by Soyeon and FCM Houdini. The original song was described as "a sad ballad song".

"Put It Straight (Nightmare Version)" (싫다고 말해 (Nightmare Version)), is an alternative version of the song for survival show, Queendom. The song was released by Stone Music Entertainment and distributed by Genie Music on October 18, 2019. It is a re-arranged ballad song to a horror version, that expresses the feelings of anger and obsession.

Stone Music Entertainment
Stone Music Entertainment (Hangul: 스톤 뮤직 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean music distribution company under CJ ENM, as part of a partnership with the music streaming store Genie Music since 2021. It was one of the largest co-publisher companies in South Korea.

The company was also formerly a music production and management company, which managed artists such as SG Wannabe, Davichi, Roy Kim, Son Ho-young, Eric Nam, Fromis 9, HEDY, and TO1, before the business closed in April 2021.

Under its previous name CJ E&M Music, it was named Music Distributor of the Year at the Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards in 2014.
No Sound Without Silence
No Sound Without Silence is the fourth studio album by Irish pop rock band the Script. The album was released by Columbia Records on 12 September 2014 in Ireland and other Friday-release countries and on 15 September 2014 in the United Kingdom. The album is the band's first full-length release under Columbia, after releasing their previous three studio albums under Phonogenic Records in Europe and Epic Records in the United States.

Largely recorded aboard the band's tour bus during the length of the 3 World Tour through 2012 and 2013, the album has been described as a "prequel" to the band's eponymous debut album, recorded with the ideology of creating an album better than what they had previously recorded. The album is preceded by "Superheroes", released as the lead single promoting the album on 22 July 2014.

Phonogenic Records
Phonogenic Records is a record label currently under the RCA Label Group, a division of Sony Music Entertainment. The label was originally conceived under BMG UK & Ireland. Acts currently signed to the label include: Natasha Bedingfield, Ross Copperman and The Script. Josh Krajcik, who came in second place on "The X Factor" U.S. in 2011, also signed a deal with Phonogenic Records.
Maratha–Mysore wars
The Maratha–Mysore War was an 18th-century conflict in India fought between the Maratha Empire and the Kingdom of Mysore. Though initial hostilities between the sides started in the 1760s, the last battle began in February 1785 and ended in 1787.

1760s
The 1760s (pronounced "seventeen-sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1760, and ended on December 31, 1769.

Marked by great upheavals on culture, technology, and diplomacy, the 1760s was a transitional decade that effectively brought on the modern era from Baroqueism. The Seven Years' War – arguably the most widespread conflict of its time – carried trends of imperialism outside of European reaches, where it would head on to countless territories (mainly in Asia and Africa) for decades to come under colonialism.
Steven Choi
Steven Seokho Choi (Korean: 최석호; born January 15, 1944) is a Korean American politician serving as a California State Senator, representing the 37th District since December 2, 2024.  A Republican from Orange County, California, he previously served three terms as a California State Assemblymember representing the 68th Assembly District from 2016 to 2022.

Choi previously served two terms as Mayor of Irvine, California from 2012 to 2016.  From 2004 to 2012, he served two terms on the Irvine City Council, where he was the first Asian American to have been elected to a four-year term. In 1998, Choi became the first Asian-American elected to the Irvine United School Board, leaving in the middle of his second term when he was elected to the City Council.

Irvine City Council
The Irvine City Council is the governing body for the city of Irvine, California. The city operates under a council–manager form of government with a separately elected mayor and a council-appointed city manager. The council consists of 7 members, one of whom is the mayor. Following the 2024 general elections, Irvine added two additional members and moved from at-large to district elections. A city council members serve a four-year term while the mayor serves a two-year term. Both council members and the mayor are limited to two successive terms.
HMS Loch Dunvegan
HMS Loch Dunvegan was a Loch-class frigate of the British Royal Navy, named after Loch Dunvegan in Scotland. Launched in 1944, the ship saw service in the Second World War, and in the Mediterranean Fleet in the early 1950s, before being broken up in 1960.

Pennant number
In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number (an internationalisation of pendant number, which it was called before 1948). Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

In the current system, a letter prefix, called a flag superior, identifies the type of ship, and numerical suffix, called a flag inferior, uniquely identifies an individual ship. Not all pennant numbers have a flag superior.
Fredrik Eklund
Fredrik Eklund (born April 26, 1977) is a Swedish real estate broker, former IT entrepreneur, reality television star, and author. He is best known for starring in the Bravo reality series, Million Dollar Listing New York for all of its nine seasons. In 2015, Eklund released his book The Sell: The Secrets of Selling Anything to Anyone, which made The New York Times Best Seller list.

Real estate agent
Real estate agents and real estate brokers are people who represent sellers or buyers of real estate or real property. While a broker may work independently, an agent usually works under a licensed broker to represent clients. Brokers and agents are licensed by the state to negotiate sales agreements and manage the documentation required for closing real estate transactions.
Bieno
Bieno (Bién in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 447 and an area of 11.7 square kilometres (4.5 mi2).

Bieno borders the following municipalities: Pieve Tesino, Scurelle, and Strigno.

Municipalities of Trentino
This is a list of the 166 municipalities (comuni/gemeinden) of the autonomous province of Trentino in the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. Some municipalities have a second official language such as German (Cimbrian and Mócheno) and Ladin. Most German names of municipalities however are historical apart from the previously mentioned communities. The Ladin variety of the Fassa Valley is currently the only officially recognized one, in contrast to the varieties of Non and Sole Valley).
WRUL
WRUL (97.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Carmi, Illinois, United States, the station serves the Evansville, Indiana area. The station is currently owned by Mark and Saundra Lange, through licensee The Original Company, Inc., and features programming from Fox News Radio and Compass Media Networks.

Compass Media Networks
Compass Media Networks is an American radio network. The company launched in January 2009.
 It is owned by former Westwood One CEO and former COO  of Connoisseur Media, Peter Kosann. The company focuses on radio and offers representation and marketing services for national radio.
Schneider's Bakery
Schneider's Bakery, Inc. is an American television production company founded on June 6, 1996 by Dan Schneider. The company's name originates from Schneider's father's business located in Memphis, Tennessee.

Television shows produced under the Schneider's Bakery banner are noted for using the same stable of writers on all series, something that is atypical for scripted television series and especially sitcoms that are created by the same writer; staff writers working for most of Schneider's series include Andrew Hill Newman, George Doty IV and Jake Farrow, among others.

Directors Steve Hoefer and Russ Reinsel also work for the company directing many episodes under the company banner. Musicians Backhouse Mike and C.J. Abraham are largely responsible for the music on the shows. Background music selected by the crew of Schneider's Bakery includes such musicians as The Orion Experience, Jennifer McNutt, and AM.

Steve Hoefer
Steve Hoefer is an American television director and former stage manager. He is known for his work as a stage manager on several television series such as Boy Meets World, All That, and The Amanda Show, and has since transitioned to directing episodes of other shows, including Drake & Josh, Zoey 101, iCarly, Victorious, Jessie, A.N.T. Farm, Sam & Cat, Henry Danger, and Game Shakers.
N. M. Velappan
N. M. Velappan is an Indian politician and a former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He hails from the village of Kottoor in the Theni district. He was educated at Uthamapalayam Board High School. Velappan belonged to the Indian National Congress party. In the 1957 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections, he contested and won from the Theni Assembly constituency and became a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).

Theni district
Theni district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in India. Surrounded by hills, the district is located to the west of Madurai district. The town of Theni is the district headquarters. The district is divided into two natural divisions by the hills and is further subdivided into five Taluks: Theni, Bodinayakanur, Periyakulam, Uthamapalayam and Andipatti. The area is rich in natural features, with thick vegetation and perennial streams from the hills on the western side, and Cumbum Valley, which lies in Uthamapalayam taluk. As of 2011, Theni district had a population of 1,245,899.
Oebares
Oebares (Old Persian: Va(h)ubara) was a Persian officer of Cyrus the Great (fl. c. 6th century BCE). When Cyrus sent Petisaces to bring Astyages to court from his satrapy, Oebares caused Petisaces to leave the old king Astyages to die in the desert, when this was discovered he proceeded to starve himself to death to avoid falling to an act of vengeance from Astyages' daughter, Amytis.

He is mentioned in Photius' Bibliotheca.

Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). Old Persian is close to both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit, and all three languages are highly inflected.

Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BCE to 300 BCE). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran,  Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt, with the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription (dated to 522 BCE).

In 2007, research into the vast Persepolis Administrative Archives at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago unearthed Old Persian tablets, which suggest Old Persian was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display.
Red Rock Film Festival
Red Rock Film Festival is an international film festival in Southern Utah in the United States. Held annually in November, in St. George, Ivins, and Springdale by Zion National Park, the festival introduces the area to new international and US independent film. The festival has competitions for both documentaries and narrative fiction features and shorts.

Springdale, Utah
Springdale is a town in Washington County, Utah, United States.  The population was 514 at the 2020 census. It is located adjacent to the boundaries of Zion National Park. It was originally settled as a Mormon farming community in 1862 by evacuees from the flooding of nearby Northrop.
John G. Townsend Jr.
John Gillis Townsend Jr. (May 31, 1871 – April 10, 1964) was an American businessman and politician from Selbyville in Sussex County, Delaware. He was a member of the Republican Party who served one term as Governor and two terms as U.S. Senator from Delaware.

Sussex County, Delaware
Sussex County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Delaware, on the Delmarva Peninsula. As of the 2020 census, the population was 237,378, making it the state's second most populated county behind New Castle and ahead of Kent. The county seat is Georgetown.

The first European settlement in the state of Delaware was founded by the Dutch in 1631 near the present-day town of Lewes on the Atlantic Coast. However, Sussex County was not organized until 1683 under English colonial rule.

Sussex County forms the Seaford, Delaware, Micropolitan Statistical Area.