hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1991 Ballon d'Or
The 1991 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Jean-Pierre Papin on 24 December 1991.

Papin was the third French national to win the award after Raymond Kopa (1958) and Michel Platini (1983, 1984 and 1985). He was also the first player from the French League to win the trophy.

Raymond Kopa
Raymond Kopa (né Kopaszewski; 13 October 1931 – 3 March 2017) was a French professional footballer, integral to the France national team of the 1950s. At club level he was part of the legendary Real Madrid team of the 1950s, winning three European Cups.

Considered one of the greatest players of all-time, Kopa was a forward or an attacking midfielder who was quick, agile and known for his dribbling, playmaking, and prolific scoring. In 1958, Kopa was awarded the Ballon d'Or. In 1970, he became the first football player to receive the Legion of Honour. In 2004, Pelé named him one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards Ceremony.
Li Gao
Li Gao or Li Hao (Chinese: 李暠; 351–417), courtesy name Xuansheng (玄盛), nickname Changsheng (長生), also known by his posthumous name as the Prince Wuzhao of Western Liang (西涼武昭王), was the founding duke of the Chinese Western Liang dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. While he claimed only the title of duke during his reign, he was posthumously honored with the princely title. He was initially a Northern Liang official, but in 400, he seceded from Northern Liang's prince Duan Ye's rule and established his own independent dynasty. While his state only lasted for 21 years, his descendants would remain key officials and nobles throughout the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, and Sui dynasties, and one of them, Li Yuan, would found the Tang dynasty in 618. He was posthumously honored by the Tang dynasty as Emperor Xingsheng (興聖皇帝).

Chinese sovereign
The Chinese sovereign was the ruler of a particular monarchical regime in the historical periods of ancient China and imperial China. Sovereigns ruling the same regime, and descended from the same paternal line, constituted a dynasty. Several titles and naming schemes have been used throughout Chinese history.
Energy in South America
Energy use, import and production in South America is described in the following articles:

Energy in Argentina

Energy in Brazil

Energy in Chile

Energy in Colombia

Energy in Peru

Energy in Uruguay

Energy in Venezuela

Energy law

Energy policy

Energy in Chile
Chile's total primary energy supply (TPES) was 36.10 Mtoe in 2014. Energy in Chile is dominated by fossil fuels, with coal, oil and gas accounting for 73.4% of the total primary energy. Biofuels and waste account for another 20.5% of primary energy supply, with the rest sourced from hydro and other renewables.

Electricity consumption was 68.90 TWh in 2014. Main sources of electricity in Chile are hydroelectricity, gas, oil and coal. Renewable energy in the forms of wind and solar energy are also coming into use, encouraged by collaboration since 2009 with the United States Department of Energy. The electricity industry is privatized with ENDESA as the largest company in the field.
Americans for Responsibility in Washington
Americans for Responsibility in Washington, known also as ResponsibilityPAC, was a political action campaign and bipartisan political movement based in Cedarburg, Wisconsin, a town located 15 minutes north of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  The campaign was abandoned on July 24, 2007, when its founders, Jeff Walz and James Burkee, redirected the website to announce their mutual campaign for U.S. House of Representatives.

James Burkee
James (Jim) Burkee is 12th President of Saint Leo University. Burkee served as the 15th President of Avila University in Missouri, Vice President for Strategic Initiatives at the College of Mount Saint Vincent in New York, Executive Vice President at Concordia College New York, and longtime professor of history at Concordia University Wisconsin and Concordia College New York.  He is author of the award-winning 2011 book, Power, Politics and the Missouri Synod: A Conflict That Changed American Christianity.  Burkee is a long-time advocate for civility in public discourse, running for office in 2008 with a unique, bi-partisan campaign for Congress in the fifth congressional district of Wisconsin for the U.S. House of Representatives.
Barbara Kirkmeyer
Barbara Jean Kirkmeyer (born September 15, 1958) is an American politician serving as a member of the Colorado Senate for District 23, which encompasses parts of Weld and Larimer counties in north-central Colorado. A member of the Republican Party, she is a candidate in the 2026 Colorado gubernatorial election.

Kirkmeyer was the Republican nominee for Colorado's 8th congressional district in the 2022 election, losing to Yadira Caraveo in a close race. Kirkmeyer declined to run for the same seat in 2024, instead running for re-election.

Larimer County, Colorado
Larimer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 359,066. The county seat and most populous city is Fort Collins. The county was named for William Larimer, Jr., the founder of Denver. Larimer County comprises the Fort Collins–Loveland metropolitan area. The county is located at the northern end of the Front Range, at the edge of the Colorado Eastern Plains along the border with Wyoming.
Académica da Brava
Associação Académica da Brava (Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: Akadémika da Brava) is a football (soccer) club that plays in the Brava Island League in Cape Verde.

The logo and the uniform as well as other teams with the name Académica and Académico in Cape Verde is identical to Académica de Coimbra.  It has a small "Br" on the bottom of the left letter A (standing for Associação, Association in Portuguese), the first two letters, the island of the club being based, Brava.

Cape Verdean Creole
Cape Verdean Creole is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken on the islands of Cape Verde. It is the native creole language of virtually all Cape Verdeans and is used as a second language by the Cape Verdean diaspora.

The creole has particular importance for creolistics studies since it is the oldest living creole. It is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based creole language.
Mexico at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Mexico, the previous host of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. 174 competitors, 152 men and 22 women, took part in 112 events in 20 sports.

Olegario Vázquez Raña
Olegario Vázquez Raña (10 December 1935 – 28 March 2025) was a Mexican sport shooter and businessman who was the owner of several companies and the chairman and principal shareholder of Grupo Empresarial Ángeles.
Licence Ouverte
The Licence Ouverte / Open Licence is a French open license published on October 18, 2011 by Etalab for open data from the State of France. The license was designed to be compatible with Creative Commons Licenses, Open Government License, and the Open Data Commons Attribution License. Information released under the Open License may be re-used with attribution, such as a URL or other identification of the producer. The Open License is used by the city of Bordeaux, France to release data sets.

Open Government Licence
The Open Government Licence (OGL) is a copyright licence for crown copyright works published by the UK government. Other UK public sector bodies may apply it to their publications. It was developed and is maintained by The National Archives. It is compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) licence.

The OGL is the default licence for crown copyright works. Local councils are also expected to license their work under the OGL under the Re-use of Public Sector Information Regulations 2015. However, many councils have not yet done so.
Thomas Jakl
Thomas Jakl is an Austrian environmentalist. He is the former chair of the European Chemicals Agency's (ECHA) Management board and is Deputy Director General of the Austrian Environment Ministry responsible for Chemicals Policy and Circular Economy. His field of activity includes legislation on chemical substances at the national, European and UN levels. He served as ECHA's president from 2008 until September 2012. He is president of the Governing Board of PARC - the "Partnership for Risk Assessment for Chemicals" a 1 Billion Euro initiative of the EU's research program "Horizon Europe".

European Chemicals Agency
The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA; /ˈɛkə/ EK-ə) is an agency of the European Union working for the safe use of chemicals. It  manages the technical and administrative aspects of the implementation of the European Union regulation called Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). ECHA is the driving force among regulatory authorities in implementing the EU's chemicals legislation. ECHA has to ascertain that companies comply with the legislation, advances the safe use of chemicals, provides information on chemicals and addresses chemicals of concern.  It is located in Helsinki, Finland and is operational since 2007. ECHA is an independent and mature regulatory agency established by REACH. It is not a subsidiary entity of the European Commission.

The agency is headed by Executive Director Sharon McGuinness.
Bridie Lonie
Bridie Lonie (born 1951 or 1952) is a New Zealand academic, arts educator, arts writer and artist. She lectured in art history and art theory at the Dunedin School of Art (now part of Te Pūkenga), served as head of the school over several periods between 2001 and 2021, and is now an emeritus member of the school. Her art has a particular focus on climate change and environmental issues.

Te Pūkenga
Te Pūkenga – New Zealand Institute of Skills and Technology is the largest vocational education provider in New Zealand. In February 2019, the Government announced that the country's 16 Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics (ITPs) would merge to form the new organisation; the merger was effective on 1 April 2020. In addition to the polytechnics, Te Pūkenga also took over responsibility for industry training and apprenticeship training from nine industry training organisations (ITOs).

In early December 2023, the incoming National-led coalition government confirmed it would be dissolving Te Pūkenga and replacing the mega polytechnic with eight to ten institutions.

In July 2025, it was confirmed that Te Pūkenga would be replaced with 10 stand-alone polytechnics from 1 January 2026, and that Te Pūkenga would continue operating for another year until its disestablishment on 31 December 2026.
Madonna of Kyiv
Madonna of Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київська Мадонна, romanized: Kyivska Madonna) is a photo of a woman nursing a child while taking refuge in the Kyiv Metro, taken in February 2022 in the first days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Taken by a Hungarian journalist András Földes, the photo has become popular on the Internet. It has become an illustration of both a humanitarian crisis and an unjust war.

Ukrainian artist Marina Solomenikova drew a portrait based on the photo, which became the inspiration for an icon displayed in a Catholic church in Mugnano di Napoli, Italy, becoming an artistic symbol of resistance and hope.

Mugnano di Napoli
Mugnano di Napoli is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region of Campania, about 10 km northwest of Naples.

Mugnano di Napoli borders the municipalities of Calvizzano, Giugliano in Campania, Marano di Napoli, Melito di Napoli, Naples and Villaricca.

Scuola Filippo Illuminato is a local school named for Filippo Illuminato (1930-1943), a partisan who won the Gold Medal of Military Valour.
Mount Elgon vlei rat
The Mount Elgon vlei rat (Otomys jacksoni) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Mount Elgon, an extinct volcano on the border between west-central Kenya and south-eastern Uganda. As of 2021, it is considered near threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and is under threat from fires and unsustainable resource extraction by humans.

Mount Elgon
Mount Elgon is an extinct shield volcano on the border of Uganda and Kenya, north of Kisumu, east of Mbale and west of Kitale. The mountain's highest point, named "Wagagai", is located entirely within Uganda. Although there is no verifiable evidence of its earliest volcanic activity, geologists estimate that Mount Elgon is at least 24 million years old, making it the oldest known extinct volcano in East Africa. The mountain's name originates from its Maasai name, “Ol Doinyo Ilgoon” (Breast Mountain).
Lake Winnsboro
Lake Winnsboro is a lake located south-west of Winnsboro, Texas, and north-east of Quitman.

The lake is located within the Sabine River basin.

The lake has a capacity of 8,100 acre-feet.

Construction on the reservoir began on June 15, 1961. Impoundment of water began on July 1, 1962. In 1966 the crest of the service spillway was raised 2 feet.

The following types of fish are found in this lake: Largemouth Bass, Channel Catfish, Blue Catfish, Crappie, Bluegill, and Redear Sunfish. Lone Star Bass and Florida Largemouth Bass (both strains of Largemouth Bass) have been stocked into this lake. Channel Catfish, Blue Catfish, and Flathead Catfish have also been stocked.

Channel catfish
The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus),meaning “fish cat with spots”. known informally as the "channel cat", is a species of catfish native to North America. They are North America's most abundant catfish species, and the official state fish of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Tennessee. The channel catfish is the most fished species of catfish in the United States, with around 8 million anglers angling them per year. The popularity of channel catfish for food has contributed to the rapid expansion of this species' aquaculture in the United States. It has also been widely introduced to Europe, Asia and South America, and many countries consider it an invasive species.
Chris Reif
Chris Reif is an American retired soccer who played professionally in the Major Indoor Soccer League and American Professional Soccer League.

Reif graduated from Calvert Hall High School.  He attended the University of Connecticut, playing on the men's soccer team from 1984 to 1987.  He was team captain his senior season as he earned Third Team All American honors.  In 1988, the Cleveland Force selected Reif in the fourth round of the Major Indoor Soccer League draft but folded a few weeks later.  Reif turned professional in 1988 with the Maryland Bays of the American Soccer League.  He played with the Bays through the 1991 season.  He was a 1990 and 1991 American Professional Soccer League Second Team All League defender.  In May 1991, the Baltimore Blast signed Reif to a fifteen-day contract.

Calvert Hall College High School
Calvert Hall College High School (also known as "Calvert Hall" or "CHC") is a Catholic college preparatory high school for boys, located in Towson, Maryland, United States. The school was established in 1845 by the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools as a Catholic college preparatory high school for boys. It is the oldest Christian Brothers school in the United States.

Among its academic offerings is the McMullen Scholars Program, a four-year advanced-level curriculum requiring extra coursework in humanities, rhetoric and logic, and a senior independent project. Additionally, a program for assisting students with learning differences exists (the La Salle program).
Sanjay Arora (officer)
Sanjay Arora (born 27 July 1965)  is a retired IPS officer of the 1988 batch,Tamil Nadu cadre (IPS 88, TN). He served as the Commissioner of the Delhi Police. He has also served as the Chief of Indo-Tibetan Border Police  and Sashastra Seema Bal.

2023 G20 New Delhi summit
The 2023 G20 New Delhi summit was the eighteenth meeting of the G20 (Group of Twenty), a Head of State and Government meeting held at  Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi on 9–10 September 2023. It was the first G20 summit held in India.
John O'Donnell (merchant)
John O'Donnell (1749–1805) was an Irish merchant based in Baltimore, Maryland. After spending many years in his early life adventuring and trading in East Asia, he settled in Baltimore, establishing a plantation that would become the neighbourhood of Canton.

A bronze statue of him, sculpted by Tylden Streett stood in Canton's O'Donnell Square Park from 1980 to 2021, when it was ordered removed by Mayor Brandon Scott.

Brandon Scott
Brandon Maurice Scott (born April 8, 1984) is an American politician serving as the mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, since 2020. He was the president of the Baltimore City Council from 2019 to 2020, having been elected to the position to replace Jack Young following Catherine Pugh's resignation, as well as a member of the Baltimore City Council from the second district from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, Scott was a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Maryland during the 2018 Maryland gubernatorial election, in which he ran on a ticket with Jim Shea.
Nobody's Girl (album)
Nobody's Girl is the ninth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Amanda Shires. Produced by Lawrence Rothman and recorded at Sound Emporium Studios in Nashville, Tennessee and Rothman Caverns in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles, it was released on September 26, 2025, through ATO Records. It was preceded by the singles "A Way It Goes", "Piece of Mind", and "Lately". Following from Shires' high-profile divorce from Jason Isbell, the album explores themes of heartbreak, loss, resilience, self-discovery, and empowerment.

ATO Records
ATO Records (or According to Our Records) is an American independent record label based in New York City. The label was established in 2000 by Dave Matthews and manager Coran Capshaw.

ATO's roster includes My Morning Jacket, Brittany Howard, Black Pumas, Nick Hakim, Alabama Shakes, Rodrigo y Gabriela, Mattiel, Brandi Carlile, Joseph, King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard, Hurray for the Riff Raff, Benjamin Booker, Lee Ann Womack, SOJA, Okkervil River, Blind Pilot, Old 97's, Neal Francis, Monsters of Folk, Drive-By Truckers, Primus, Margaret Glaspy, The Claypool Lennon Delirium, J Roddy Walston and the Business, Amyl and the Sniffers and They Are Gutting a Body of Water.

The label also operates a sublabel, TBD Records, which was founded in 2007 and is best known for being the North American distributor for two Radiohead albums.

ATO is distributed in the US by Universal's Virgin Music Label & Artist Services and by PIAS Group in Europe.
Treasury Board (New Brunswick)
The Treasury Board is the name of a cabinet committee and associated government ministry in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.  It was established in the 1970s, following best practices that began in the 1960s in the Canadian federal government with the creation of an independent Treasury Board Secretariat in 1966.  It was an independent entity in New Brunswick from 1972 to 1991, when it was merged into the Department of Finance.  From 1991 to 2001, all of its functions were exercised by the finance department, until its human and information resource oversight functions were spun off to the Office of Human Resources and the Department of Supply and Services.

It was briefly an independent agency again from 2011 to 2012 and has been since 2016.  It was named Board of Management from 1982 to 2016.

Cabinet committee (Canada)
The Government of Canada is directed by the Cabinet, a group of senior government ministers led by the Prime Minister. Cabinet committees are a set of committees in the ministry that are responsible for enacting their agenda.

When the Prime Minister is unable to attend Cabinet or the chair and any vice-chair of a Cabinet committee are absent, the next most senior minister in the ministerial ranking should take the chair. Committee membership is limited to ministers, but non-ministers may attend in some cases.
Valerian Rodrigues
Valerian Rodrigues (born 29 July 1949) is an Indian political scientist. He is known for his influential work on Babasaheb Ambedkar, and for his formulations of themes in Modern Indian Political Thought. Rodrigues has made substantial contributions to the debate on the working of the Indian Parliament, constitutionalism in India, and agrarian politics in India. As a Professor at the Centre for Political Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, he was popular for his lectures on Indian Political Thought and Intellectual History, and critically reading the same through political concepts of modernity, secularism and nationalism.

Jawaharlal Nehru University
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU; ISO: Javāharalāla Neharū Viśvavidyālaya) is a public research university located in Delhi, India. It was established in 1969 and named after Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. The university is known for leading faculties and research emphasis on social sciences and applied sciences.
Khwairakpam Bishwamittra
Khwairakpam Bishwamittra is an Indian film director, actor and script writer who works in theatre and Manipuri films. He first appeared on silver screen in the 1996 hit film Kanaga Hinghouni, where he co-directed with Chan Heisnam. Some of the famous films he directed include Kaorage, Torei and Sur Da Ngaojabee. He is also a renowned playwright of Manipuri Shumang Leelas and stage plays produced by AIR Imphal and Doordarshan DDK Imphal. As of 2022, his non-feature Eewai got official selection at the 4th Nepal Cultural International Film Festival 2022.  Eewai was screened at the 28th Kolkata International Film Festival in Short and Documentary Panorama section on 19 and 21 December 2022 at Nandan-III and Sichir Mancha, Kolkata.

28th Kolkata International Film Festival
The 28th Kolkata International Film Festival was held from 15 to 22 December 2022 at Netaji Indoor Stadium, in Kolkata, India. The festival opened with 1973 film Abhimaan, by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. 183 films including 130 feature films and 52 short and documentary films from 42 countries were screened during 7 days of the festival. The opening ceremony was attended by West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji, Mahesh Bhatt and cricketer Sourav Ganguly.

The festival closed on 22 December at Rabindra Sadan hosted by Saheb Chatterjee. Spanish film Upon Entry by Alejandro Rojas, and Juan Sebastian Vasquez and Bangladeshi film The Golden Wings of Watercocks by Muhammad Quayum, jointly won the Golden Royal Bengal Tiger Award for best film, whereas Golden Royal Bengal Tiger Award for best director was won by Ernesto Ardito and Virna Molina for their film Hitler's Witch.
Plane-wave expansion
In physics, the plane-wave expansion or Rayleigh expansion expresses a plane wave as a linear combination of spherical waves:

where

i is the imaginary unit,

k is a real or complex wave vector of length k,

r is a position vector of length r,

jℓ are spherical Bessel functions,

Pℓ are Legendre polynomials, and

the hat ^ denotes the unit vector.

In the special case where k is aligned with the z axis,

where θ is the spherical polar angle of r.

For proof, expand  in Legendre polynomials , and evaluate the coeffient integrals.

Linear combination
In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants). The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article.