hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Vickerman
Frank Vickerman was a man in the early 19th century who lived in the West Riding of Yorkshire, who owned a wool processing factory at Taylor Hill that was attacked by the Luddites on 15 March 1812. The factory was destroyed, and arson was attempted. Vickerman was targeted by this antitechnological growth organization partly because the machines in his factory were taking the jobs of actual people but also because he had been previously involved in an anti-Luddite committee.

Luddite
The Luddites were members of a 19th-century movement of English textile workers who opposed the use of certain types of automated machinery due to concerns relating to worker pay and output quality. They often destroyed the machines in organised raids. Members of the group referred to themselves as Luddites, self-described followers of "Ned Ludd", a legendary weaver whose name was used as a pseudonym in threatening letters to mill owners and government officials.

The Luddite movement began in Nottingham, England, and spread to the North West and Yorkshire between 1811 and 1816. Mill and factory owners took to shooting protesters and eventually the movement was suppressed by legal and military force, which included execution and penal transportation of accused and convicted Luddites.

Over time, the term has been used to refer to those opposed to the introduction of new technologies.
Dennis Neary
Dennis Neary (February 11, 1944 – October 14, 2024) was an American politician who served in the Indiana Senate from the 8th district from 1976 to 1992.

He died on October 14, 2024, in Carmel, Indiana at age 80.

Carmel, Indiana
Carmel (/ˈkɑːrməl/) is a suburban city in Hamilton County, Indiana, United States, immediately north of Indianapolis. With a population of 99,757 as of the 2020 census, the city spans 49 square miles (130 km2) across Clay Township and is bordered by the White River to the east and the Boone County line to the west.

Carmel was home to one of the first electronic automated traffic signals in the country, and constructed 155 roundabouts between 1997 and 2025. The city is designed with walkability and pedestrian wellbeing in mind, with trails, parks and green spaces being common.
Sauvik Das
Sauvik Das  (born 23 December 1983) is an Indian cricket player who played for  Assam in the Ranji Trophy. He is right-hand batsman and right-arm medium bowler. Das has played seven Ranji Trophy matches for Assam.
Das has completed NCA Level 'B' coach training.

National Cricket Academy
The National Cricket Academy (NCA) is a cricket facility of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in Bengaluru, India, for the purpose of developing young cricketers who have been identified as having the potential to represent the Indian cricket team. It was established in 2000 and is located near the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium The facility is also used for the rehabilitation of injured players.

Former cricketer VVS Laxman is the present director of the NCA.
As the Kingdom Drowns
As the Kingdom Drowns is the seventh studio album by Australian technical death metal band Psycroptic. It was released on 9 November 2018 by EVP Recordings in Australia and Prosthetic Records in North America.

Technical death metal
Technical death metal (also known as tech death) is a musical subgenre of death metal with particular focus on instrumental skill and complex songwriting. Technical and progressive experimentation in death metal began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, largely driven by four bands that, according to Allmusic, are "technical death metal's Big Four" – Death, Pestilence, Atheist, and Cynic. All but Pestilence are part of the Florida death metal scene, to which Nocturnus, another influential band, also belongs.
Auguste Warnier
Auguste Hubert Warnier (8 January 1810 – 15 March 1875) was a French medical doctor, journalist and politician who spent most of his career in Algeria.
At first he was a Saint-Simonian and was sympathetic to the local population.
He thought the Berbers had Germanic blood and a civilization derived from Roman and Christian origins, so could readily adapt to French civilization.
He had no respect for the Arab "intruders".
Later he took the view that the indigenous people had destroyed the once-fertile environment of Algeria, became a proponent of French colonization and opposed the "Arab Kingdom" policy of Napoleon III.
In his last years he was a Representative in the National Assembly for the Province of Algiers.
He was responsible for a law that allowed expropriation of land or forced sale to colonists.

Arab Kingdom Project (Algeria)
The Arab Kingdom in Algeria was a political project in the 1860s led by Napoleon III and Ismael Urbain aimed at transforming Algeria, then a recent French conquest, into an associated, self-governing Arab state rather than a settler colony.  Urbain argued for a "harmoniously hierarchical" structure where France provided leadership and capital whilst Arabs managed agriculture, ensuring equality between metropolitan and indigenous inhabitants. The concept of neo-Arabism was thus launched by Napoleon III, who envisaged the creation of an "Arab Kingdom" extending from Algiers to Baghdad.
Island Hermitage
Island Hermitage on (Polgasduwa) Dodanduwa Island, Galle District, Sri Lanka is a famous Buddhist forest monastery founded by Ven Nyanatiloka Mahathera in 1911. It is a secluded place for Buddhist monks to study and meditate in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, and it contains an English and German library.

The Island Hermitage was the first centre of Theravāda Buddhist study and practice set up by and for Westerners. Its residents, monks and laymen, studied Theravada Buddhism and the Pali language, made translations of The Pali Canon, wrote books on Theravada Buddhism and practiced meditation.  The Island Hermitage formed an essential link with Theravāda Buddhism in the West, a link which endures to the present day.

In 1951 Nyanatiloka moved to the Forest Hermitage in Kandy, then joined by Nyanaponika. Since 2003, the hermitage has been run by a group of young Sri Lankan monks.

Path Press
Path Press is a non-profit entity, which handles legal matters and holds the copyrights of all Ven. Ñāṇavīra Thera's writings together with some the writings from others; Path Press Publications is an independent non-profit publisher of books by Ven. Ñāṇavīra Thera and the writings of Samanera Bodhesako. It has its office in the Netherlands.

The Path Press is also a society whose goal is to explain and spread the doctrine of the Buddha. It was founded in Sri Lanka in 1987 by Samanera Bodhesako.  Originally conceived as a limited effort to publish Clearing the Path but later become an entity who is holding copyrights of writing of Ñāṇavīra Thera and it consist of the small group of 4 bhikkhus and 5 layman (upāsakas) who are aspiring to make late Ven. Ñāṇavīra Thera's teachings more available for those who are interested.
Leo Walmsley
Leo Walmsley MC (born Lionel Walmsley; 29 September 1892 – 8 June 1966) was an English writer. Walmsley was born in Shipley, West Riding of Yorkshire, but brought up in Robin Hood's Bay in the North Riding. Noted for his fictional Bramblewick series, based on Robin Hood's Bay, he fought in the Royal Flying Corps, later the Royal Air Force, in the First World War, being awarded the Military Cross.

North Riding of Yorkshire
The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire, England, alongside York, the East Riding and West Riding. The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at 2,585 ft (788 m).

From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area, having been previously part of the Yorkshire lieutenancy. Each riding was treated as a county for many purposes, such as quarter sessions. An administrative county, based on the riding, was created with a county council in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In 1974 both the administrative county and the North Riding of Yorkshire lieutenancy were abolished, replaced in most of the riding by the non-metropolitan county and lieutenancy of North Yorkshire, and in the north-west by County Durham.
2026 Lord Speaker election
An election for Lord Speaker, the presiding office of the House of Lords, was held from 6 to 8 January 2026. On 15 October 2025, the incumbent, Lord McFall of Alcluith, resigned from the office with effect from 2 February 2026.

John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith
John Francis McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith, PC (born 4 October 1944), is a Scottish politician and life peer who served as Lord Speaker, the presiding officer of the House of Lords, from 2021 to 2026. He was a member of Parliament for the Labour and Co-operative Party from 1987 to 2010, first for Dumbarton and then from 2005 for West Dunbartonshire. He also served as Chairman of the House of Commons Treasury Committee. Following his appointment to the House of Lords, McFall served as Senior Deputy Speaker from 2016 to 2021 before succeeding Lord Fowler as Lord Speaker.
Ayn Carrillo Gailey
Ayn Carrillo Gailey is an American writer, editor and publisher. She is the author of Pornology (2007), published by Running Press Book Publishers in the U.S., and known in the UK under the title Good Vibrations, published by Random House.  Her television credits include Dead Man's Gun for Showtime, The Visitor. CaliWood Pictures and Affirmative Entertainment purchased the rights to the book Pornology and began shooting the adaptation in 2018, under the title A Nice Girl Like You, starring Lucy Hale and Jackie Cruz. The movie was released in May 2020.

Jackie Cruz
Jackie Cruz (born August 8, 1986) is a Dominican–American actress, singer and former model. She is known for her role as Marisol "Flaca" Gonzales on the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black.
Levelling
Levelling or leveling (American English; see spelling differences) is a branch of surveying, the object of which is to establish or verify or measure the height of specified points relative to a datum. It is widely used in geodesy and cartography to measure vertical position with respect to a vertical datum, and in construction to measure height differences of construction artifacts. In photolithography, the same term is used in a lithography machine calibration step measuring or calibrating wafer surface height with respect to a reference.

Height
Height is  measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how "tall" something or someone is) or vertical position (how "high" a point is). For an example of vertical extent, "This basketball player is 7 foot 1 inches in height." For an example of vertical position, "The height of an airplane in-flight is about 10,000 meters."

When the term is used to describe vertical position (of, e.g., an airplane) from sea level, height is more often called altitude. Furthermore, if the point is attached to the Earth (e.g., a mountain peak), then altitude (height above sea level) is called elevation.

In a two-dimensional Cartesian space, height is measured along the vertical axis (y) between a specific point and another that does not have the same y-value. If both points happen to have the same y-value, then their relative height is zero. In the case of three-dimensional space, height is measured along the vertical z axis, describing a distance from (or "above") the x-y plane.
Tinta Massacre Site
The Tinta Massacre Site, near Merizo, Guam, has significance from 1944.  Also known as Tinta (66-06-1223), it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.  The listing included one contributing site and one contributing object.

It is the location of a massacre of civilians by Japanese troops on July 15, 1944, six days before the island was liberated, in World War II.  Thirty men and women from the village of Merizo were gathered; sixteen were killed and the others were left for dead.  One of those killed was Mrs. Maria L. Mesa, "a prominent pre-war educator".  In 1991, the site was marked by a cross.

Malesso, Guam
Malesso'  (formerly Merizo) is the southernmost village in the United States territory of Guam. Cocos Island (Chamorro: Islan Dåno) is a part of the municipality. The village's population has decreased since the island's 2010 census.

Malesso' is the closest populated place in the United States to the equator. On August 18, 2021, the municipality place name was officially changed from Merizo to Malesso'.
Eosta
Eosta is a Dutch company working in the field of organic food that is based in Waddinxveen. The company specializes in the import, export and distribution of fresh organic fruits and vegetables. Eosta imports overseas fruits from Africa, South America, Oceania, Asia and North America.

In 2017 Eosta's CEO, Volkert Engelsman, was elected Most Influential Sustainability Voice of the Netherlands in the yearly sustainability top-100 list by the newspaper Trouw, who called him "a greengrocer with a radical vision".

Waddinxveen
Waddinxveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɑdɪŋksˈfeːn] ⓘ) is a town and municipality along the Gouwe river in the western Netherlands in the province of South Holland near Gouda. The municipality had a population of 30,479 in 2021 and covers an area of 29.40 km2 (11.35 sq mi) of which 1.63 km2 (0.63 sq mi) is water.

A small piece of artwork named De Vergeten Plek (Dutch for 'The Forgotten Place') marks the lowest point on the Dutch polders, 7.01 meters below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Eli Capilouto
Eli Capilouto (born August 22, 1949) is an American academic. He serves as the 12th president of the University of Kentucky. He was elected president by the University of Kentucky Board of Trustees in 2011, after serving as provost of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). Under his leadership, the Commonwealth's flagship and land-grant research university has grown from $2.7 billion to $6.8 billion in total operations and has gained significant momentum in fulfilling its multi-faceted mission of teaching, research, service and health care.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
2022 Challenger di Roseto degli Abruzzi II
The 2022 Challenger di Roseto degli Abruzzi II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy between 14 and 20 March 2022.

Challenger di Roseto degli Abruzzi
The Challenger di Roseto degli Abruzzi was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was held in Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy, in 2022 and 2023.
Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev
Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev was the name of three Anatolian Seljuk Sultans:

Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev I reigned during two different periods, the first time between 1192 and 1196, the second time between 1205 and 1211

Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev II reigned between 1237 and 1246

Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev III reigned between 1265 and 1282

Kaykhusraw II
Ghiyath al-Din Kaykhusraw ibn Kayqubād or Kaykhusraw II (Persian: غياث الدين كيخسرو بن كيقباد) was the sultan of the Seljuqs of Rûm from 1237 until his death in 1246. He ruled at the time of the Babai uprising and the Mongol invasion of Anatolia. He led the Seljuq army with its Christian allies at the Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243. He was the last of the Seljuq sultans to wield any significant power and died as a vassal of the Mongols.
HRH The Prince of Wales Institute of Engineering and Technology
HRH The Prince of Wales Institute of Engineering and Technology is a technical institute of Assam, and was established in 1927 by the British Government. It is the first engineering institute established in India's North Eastern Region.

Agricultural engineering
Agricultural engineering, also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical, food science, environmental, software, and chemical engineering to improve the efficiency of farms and agribusiness enterprises as well as to ensure sustainability of natural and renewable resources.

An agricultural engineer is an engineer with an agriculture background. Agricultural engineers make the engineering designs and plans in an agricultural project, usually in partnership with an agriculturist who is more proficient in farming and agricultural science.
Copenhagen (song)
"Copenhagen" is a jazz standard composed in 1924 by bandleader Charlie Davis and first recorded in that year by the Wolverine Orchestra featuring Bix Beiderbecke in a foxtrot tempo. The title refers to Copenhagen tobacco, favored by Davis's bass player. Lyrics were added by Walter Melrose to the tune, which is a blues in B-flat.

Copenhagen (tobacco)
Copenhagen is a brand of dipping tobacco made by the U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company. Although it is considered a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) it is still addictive and contains several chemicals that are known carcinogens.This is why a 2025 review article cautioned that the MRTP classification for Copenhagen Classic Snuff could contribute to public misperception and emphasized the need for post-market surveillance and discouraging initiation by non-users.

FDA materials state the product was previously marketed (without modified-risk information) as Copenhagen Snuff Fine Cut.
O Rangreza
O Rangreza (Urdu: او رنگریزہ) is a Pakistani romantic drama television series that aired on Hum TV.  It starred Sajal Ali and Bilal Abbas Khan in the lead roles. Saji Gul wrote the drama, and Kashif Nisar directed it. Nisar had previously directed Dumpukht - Aatish-e-Ishq, which also starred Khan along with Sonia Mishal and Nauman Ijaz, both of whom starred in it as well.

Dumpukht - Aatish-e-Ishq
Dumpukht - Aatish-e-Ishq is a Pakistani television social drama series co-produced by Kashif Nisar and Moomal Entertainment. It is directed by Nisar and written by Zafar Mairaj. It features Nauman Ijaz, Sonia Mishal and Bilal Abbas Khan in lead roles. It first aired on 13 July 2016 on A-Plus TV.
First Stripes
First Stripes (French: Premières armes) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Jean-François Caissy and released in 2018. The film profiles a group of Canadian Armed Forces recruits  commencing basic training.

The film had its world premiere at the 2018 Berlin International Film Festival, and its Canadian premiere at the 2018 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.

Nicolas Canniccioni received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Cinematography in a Documentary at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards.

Military recruit training
Military recruit training, commonly known as basic training or boot camp, refers to the initial instruction of new military personnel. It is a physically and psychologically intensive process, which resocializes its subjects for the unique demands of military employment.
Jaish al-Rashideen
The Jaish al-Rashideen (English: "Army of the Guides") group was a Sunni Iraqi insurgent group taking part in many guerrilla attacks against U.S.-led Coalition forces using IEDs, sniper fire, and firing rockets and mortar bombs. The group had been operating in Iraq since the middle of 2003. Jaish al-Rashideen conducted its attacks in the volatile Sunni Triangle, Baghdad Belts, Salah al-Din and in western Diyala. Its members are believed to be mostly native Iraqi Sunni Muslims, including persons previously serving in Saddam Hussein's national forces such as the Republican Guard, Fedayeen Saddam and the Mukhabarat.

Saladin Governorate
The Saladin, Salah ad Din, or Salah Al-Din Governorate (Arabic: محافظة صلاح الدين, Muḥāfaẓat Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn) is one of Iraq's 19 governorates, north of Baghdad. It has an area of 24,363 square kilometres (9,407 sq mi), with an estimated population of 1,042,200 people in 2003. It is made up of 8 districts, with the capital being Tikrit. Before 1976 the governorate was part of Baghdad Governorate.

The governorate is named after Saladin or Salah ad-Din. This governorate is largely Sunni Arab and is also where Saddam Hussein, former president of Iraq, was born, in the village of Al-Awja. Salah Al-Din governorate, a traditional stronghold of Saddam and his Al-Bu Nasir tribe that is located in the heart of the Sunni Triangle, has been a centre of insurgencies, tribal rivalries, and political and sectarian violence since the 2003 U.S.-led Coalition invasion of Iraq.
Robert Cicchini
Robert Cicchini  is an American film and television actor and director.

Among Cicchini's film appearances are his roles as Lou Pennino, Vincent Corleone's bodyguard, in The Godfather Part III (1990), Bill Guidone in Light Sleeper (1992), Jimmy Ozio in Primary Colors (1998), and Mitch Casper in The Watcher (2000).

On television he has played recurring roles on Maybe This Time (as Nick Sr.), Providence (as Alex Mendoza), 24 (as Howard Bern) and Six Feet Under (as Todd). Other television appearances include episodes of Law & Order, ER, Chicago Hope, The Sopranos, NYPD Blue, Gilmore Girls, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Everybody Hates Chris and others.

Light Sleeper
Light Sleeper is a 1992 American crime drama film written and directed by Paul Schrader and starring Willem Dafoe, Susan Sarandon, and Dana Delany. Set in New York City during a sanitation strike, the gritty neo-noir film stars Dafoe as a high-class drug dealer battling a midlife crisis before becoming embroiled in tragic events following the chance encounter with a former girlfriend. While under-performing at the box office, the film was regarded favorably by critics.
Nathon Burns
Nathon Burns (born 22 June 1989) is an Irish judoka.
Burns is based at Camberley Judo Club in Surrey; he was previously at Yamakwai in Belfast. A third dan black belt, he describes seoi nage as his favourite technique.

Burns represented Ireland at the 2019 European Games, reaching the last eight in the 66 kg event. He won a bronze medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, competing for Northern Ireland in the 66 kg category.

Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 66 kg
The Men's 66 kg judo competitions at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England took place on August 1 at the Coventry Arena. A total of 16 competitors from 14 nations took part.

Georgios Balarjishvili won Cyprus' first ever Commonwealth Games gold medal in the sport of judo after defeating Finlay Allan in the gold medal match.
Panglong Agreement
The Panglong Agreement (Burmese: ပင်လုံစာချုပ် [pɪ̀ɰ̃ lòʊɰ̃ sà dʑoʊʔ]) was reached in Panglong, Southern Shan State, between the Burmese government under Aung San and the Shan Committee, Kachin Committee, and Chin Committee peoples on 12 February 1947. The anniversary of this agreement, which promised autonomy to ethnic minorities, is celebrated annually as Union Day.

Shan language
Shan is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in pockets in other parts of Myanmar, in Northern Thailand, in Yunnan, in Laos, in Cambodia, in Vietnam and decreasingly in Assam and Meghalaya. Shan is a member of the Kra–Dai language family and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a sixth tone used for emphasis. The term Shan is also used for related Northwestern Tai languages, and it is called Tai Yai or Tai Long in other Tai languages. Standard Shan, which is also known as Tachileik Shan, is based on the dialect of the city of Tachileik.

In 2019, Ethnologue estimated there were 3.3 million Shan speakers, including 3.2 million in Myanmar. The Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture estimates there are gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006. Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners.