hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lycastus (Pontus)
Lycastus or Lykastos (Ancient Greek: Λύκαστος), also known as Lycastum or Lykaston, was an ancient Greek city in ancient Pontus, on a river bearing the same name. It was situated 20 stadia southeast of Amisus. Pomponius Mela calls the town Lycasto. Pherecydes spoke of a town of Lycastia, inhabited by Amazons, and situated between Themiscyra and Chalybia. The river Lycastus was but a small stream, which after a short course emptied itself into the Euxine close by the town of Lycastus.

The Lycastrus River is identified with the modern Mert River, in Samsun Province, Turkey, but the townsite is treated as unlocated, but likely along that river.

Samsun Province
Samsun Province (Turkish: Samsun ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. Its area is 9,725 km2, and its population is 1,368,488 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Sinop on the northwest, Çorum on the west, Amasya on the south, Tokat on the southeast on the east. Its traffic code is 55. The provincial capital is Samsun, one of the most populated cities in Turkey.
Nilradical of a Lie algebra
In algebra, the nilradical of a Lie algebra is a nilpotent ideal, which is as large as possible.

The nilradical  of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra  is its maximal nilpotent ideal, which exists because the sum of any two nilpotent ideals is nilpotent. It is an ideal in the radical  of the Lie algebra . The quotient of a Lie algebra by its nilradical is a reductive Lie algebra . However, the corresponding short exact sequence

does not split in general (i.e., there isn't always a subalgebra complementary to  in ). This is in contrast to the Levi decomposition: the short exact sequence

does split (essentially because the quotient  is semisimple).

Nilpotent ideal
In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, an ideal I of a ring R is said to be a nilpotent ideal if there exists a natural number k such that I k = 0. By I k, it is meant the additive subgroup generated by the set of all products of k elements in I. Therefore, I is nilpotent if and only if there is a natural number k such that the product of any k elements of I is 0.

The notion of a nilpotent ideal is much stronger than that of a nil ideal in many classes of rings. There are, however, instances when the two notions coincide—this is exemplified by Levitzky's theorem. The notion of a nilpotent ideal, although interesting in the case of commutative rings, is most interesting in the case of noncommutative rings.
Garay (ship)
Garay were traditional native warships of the Banguingui people in the Philippines and were used by the Bruneian Navy. In the 18th and 19th centuries, they were commonly used for piracy by the Banguingui and Iranun people against unarmed trading ships and raids on coastal settlements in the regions surrounding the Sulu Sea.

Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea (Filipino: Dagat Sulu; Tausug: Dagat sin Sūg; Malay: Laut Sulu; Spanish: Mar de Joló) is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipelago. Borneo is found to the southwest and Visayas to the northeast.

The Sulu Sea contains a number of islands. The Cuyo Islands and the Cagayan Islands are part of the province of Palawan whereas Mapun and the Turtle Islands are part of the province of Tawi-Tawi. Sulu Sea is also where the Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park, one of the World Heritage Sites is located.

Panay Gulf is an extension of the Sulu Sea.  Straits out of the Sulu Sea include the Iloilo Strait, the Guimaras Strait, and the Basilan Strait.
Laura Ferrarese
Laura Ferrarese FRSC is a researcher in space science at the National Research Council of Canada. Her primary work has been performed using data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.

Outline of space science
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to space science:

Space science – field that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space, such as space medicine and astrobiology.
Canadian Intelligence Corps
The Canadian Intelligence Corps (C Int C) is an administrative corps  of the Canadian Army (CA); it includes all CA members of the Canadian Armed Forces' Intelligence Branch. Prior to the Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1968, it enjoyed the same status as an administrative corps of the Canadian Army. The C Int C was never disbanded; however, it was effectively reduced to nil strength at Unification, and entered an administrative hibernation with its personnel and duties assigned to the new Security Branch. The Intelligence Branch was separated from the Security Branch in 1981. In December 2016 the C Int C title was restored by the Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada) within the construct of the Intelligence Branch.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
Emma Wirkus
Emma Wirkus (born 11 January 1982) is an Australian former soccer player who played in the Australian Women's National Soccer League for the South Australian Sports Institute and Adelaide Sensation before playing in the W-League for Adelaide United and Perth Glory. She also played for the Australia women's national soccer team.

Adelaide United FC (women)
Adelaide United Football Club is an Australian women's soccer team based in Adelaide, South Australia. Founded in 2008, it is the affiliated women's team of Adelaide United. The team competes in the country's premier women's soccer competition, the A-League Women.
Speed Dreams
Speed Dreams, is a free and open source 3D racing video game for Linux, Microsoft Windows, AmigaOS 4, AROS, MorphOS and Haiku. Started in 2008 as a fork of the racing car simulator TORCS, it is mainly written in C++ and released under GPL v2+ and Free Art License, the most recent release being version 2.4.2 as of September 2025.

The development of an accurate driving behavior, with different physics engines available, sets the project among the few open source racing simulation codebases.

Speed Dreams can be played with a variety of input devices, including keyboards, mouses, joypads, joysticks, racing wheels and pedals.

MorphOS
MorphOS is an AmigaOS-like operating system designed for Power and PowerPC based computers. The core, based on the Quark microkernel, is proprietary; however, several libraries and other parts are open source, such as the Ambient desktop.

The project began in 1999. It was produced for the Pegasos computer, as well as PowerUP accelerator equipped Amiga computers, and a series of Freescale development boards that use the Genesi firmware, including the Efika and mobileGT. Since then, MorphOS has been ported to Apple's Mac mini, eMac, Power Mac G4 and limited support for Power Mac G5. It is binary compatible with software written for Motorola 68k-based Amiga computers.
EAPS
EAPS can mean:

Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching

European Association for Population Studies

Ethnic Affairs Priorities Statement

Euro Alliance of Payment Schemes

European Academy of Paediatric Societies

The Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science
and, by extension, the Green Building (MIT) that contains that department

Euro Alliance of Payment Schemes
The Euro Alliance of Payment Schemes (EAPS) was an international alliance of European bank and interbank networks that had aimed to creating a pan-European debit card system in the Single Euro Payments Area to rival Visa and Mastercard using existing country specific systems.  It was launched in 2007 with the support of the European Union but failed and was abandoned sometime after 2013.
Necdet Yaşar
Necdet Yaşar (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈnedʒdet ˈjaʃaɾ]; 1930 - October 24, 2017) was a Turkish tanbur lute player and teacher. A founding member of the Istanbul State Turkish Music Ensemble, he performed throughout the world as a cultural ambassador for Turkey and taught twice at the University of Washington (USA). In 1991, the Turkish government awarded him the title of "National Artist".

Turkish makam
The Turkish makam (Turkish: makam pl. makamlar; from the Arabic word maqām مقام) is a system of melody types used in Turkish classical music and Turkish folk music. It provides a complex set of rules for composing and performance.  Each makam specifies a unique intervalic structure (cinsler meaning genera) and melodic development (seyir). Whether a fixed composition (beste, şarkı, peşrev, âyin, etc.) or a spontaneous composition (gazel, taksim, recitation of Kuran-ı Kerim, Mevlid, etc.), all attempt to follow the melody type. The rhythmic counterpart of makam in Turkish music is usul.
ACSL4
Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACSL4 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme preferentially utilizes arachidonate as substrate. The absence of this enzyme may contribute to the intellectual disability or Alport syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants.

Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega−6 fatty acid 20:4(ω−6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14). It is a precursor in the formation of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

Together with omega−3 fatty acids and other omega−6 fatty acids, arachidonic acid provides energy for body functions, contributes to cell membrane structure, and participates in the synthesis of eicosanoids, which have numerous roles in physiology as signaling molecules.

It was named after the similarly structured Arachidic acid, a constituent of peanut oil whose name in turn derives from the ancient Greek neologism arachis 'peanut'. Peanut oil does not contain any arachidonic acid, itself. Arachidonate is the name of the derived carboxylate anion (conjugate base of the acid), salts, and some esters.
Farzaneh Aghaeipour
Farzaneh Aghaeipour (Persian: فرزانه آقايي پور) is an Iranian playwright, author, and activist. She was a board member at the politically active Iranian Writers Association, which fights censorship and advocates freedom of expression. 
Her major works include historical plays and novels on recent Iranian political history.
In a 2006 tour of North America, Aghaeipour spoke at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (a teacher's college which is part of the University of Toronto), on September 9, 2006 and later that month at Université du Québec à Montréal.

Ontario Institute for Studies in Education
The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) is the school of education at the University of Toronto.

It is located at 252 Bloor Street West in Toronto, Ontario, directly above the St. George subway station. The OISE-affiliated Jackman Institute of Child Study is situated nearby at 45 Walmer Street. Although it is based on the St. George campus, OISE also offers its language and literacies education program on the University of Toronto's Mississauga campus.
Sycamore Bank
Sycamore Bank, based in Senatobia, Mississippi, United States is a regional bank with assets exceeding $170 million and locations across North Mississippi.

Branches in Senatobia, Southaven, Coldwater, Hernando, and Independence serve customers in these communities as well as residents of the broader Memphis, Tennessee area.

Southaven, Mississippi
Southaven is a city in DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States. It is a principal city in Greater Memphis. The 2020 census reported a population of 54,648, making it the 3rd most populous city in Mississippi and the largest suburb of Memphis by population. Southaven surpassed Bartlett, TN as largest suburb with a population of 56,851 according to 2023 census estimates. Southaven is traversed north to south by the I-55/I-69 freeway. The city's name derives from the fact that Southaven is located south of Whitehaven, a neighborhood in Memphis.
Mason County
Mason County is the name of several counties in the United States:

Mason County, Illinois

Mason County, Kentucky, originally Mason County, Virginia (1788–1792)

Mason County, Michigan

Mason County, Texas

Mason County, Washington

Mason County, West Virginia, originally Mason County, Virginia (1804–1863)

Mason County, West Virginia
Mason County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,453. Its county seat and largest city is Point Pleasant. The county was founded in 1804 and named for George Mason, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. Before the Civil War, the county was in the State of Virginia.

Mason County is part of the Point Pleasant, WV-OH Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Yasuhiro Kato
Yasuhiro Kato (加藤 康弘, Katō Yasuhiro; born 13 May 1986) is a Japanese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Kato previously played for Nagano Parceiro in the Japan Football League and Osotspa Saraburi F.C. and the Royal Thai Army in the Thai Premier League. In March 2011 he signed a contract with the Latvian Higher League club FB Gulbene. On 7 July 2011, he joined to FK Ventspils. In February 2012 he signed a contract with the Ukrainian club Hoverla-Zakarpattia Uzhhorod for two years.

In summer 2015 he joined Slovenian Second League side NŠ Drava Ptuj.

AC Nagano Parceiro
Athletic Club Nagano Parceiro or AC Nagano Parceiro (AC長野パルセイロ, E Shī Nagano Paruseiro) is a Japanese football club based in Nagano, capital of Nagano Prefecture. They play in the J3 League, Japanese third tier of professional football.
The Man Who Smiles
The Man Who Smiles (Italian: L'uomo che sorride) is a 1936 Italian "white-telephones" comedy film about an Oedipus Complex, directed by Mario Mattoli. The film stars Vittorio De Sica, Umberto Melnati, Enrico Viarisio, Assia Noris and Paola Borboni. It is based on a play by Aldo De Benedetti.It was shot at the Tirrenia Studios.

The film premiered in the USA on 16 April 1937.

Mario Mattoli
Mario Mattoli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrjo matˈtɔːli]; 30 November 1898 – 26 February 1980) was an Italian film director and screenwriter. He directed 86 films between 1934 and 1966.

His 1939 film Defendant, Stand Up! was shown as part of a retrospective on Italian comedy at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.
Richard Liddington
Richard Liddington (born December 30, 1978) is a British-American former professional rugby union player.

Liddington was born in Stoke-on-Trent and attended Northampton School for Boys.

A prop, Liddington qualified to represent the United States through his mother, a Texan. He was capped a total of five-times for the United States, including one match at the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia, as a substitute against Scotland in Brisbane. During his career, Liddington played for several European teams, including Stade Francais, Exeter, London Welsh and Lansdowne. He appeared for Middlesex at county level.

London Welsh RFC
London Welsh Rugby Football Club was a rugby union club formed in 1885. Based in Old Deer Park, Richmond-upon-Thames, London Welsh RFC played in the English Premiership in the 2012–13 and 2014–15 seasons, after gaining promotion from the RFU Championship in the 2012 and 2014 play-off final. The club returned to Old Deer Park in 2015 after three seasons at the Kassam Stadium, Oxford.

The club went into liquidation in December 2016 and was given a temporary licence to complete two fixtures in the Championship. Chairman at the time Bleddyn Phillips claimed to have sold the club to a California-based investment group led by Welshman Trevor Owen Shaw, but no contract or funds ever materialised.

On 24 January 2017 it was announced that London Welsh had been removed from the RFU Championship and their results expunged. The RFU stated that their place in the league was "untenable" and the club were dissolved. The remnants of the defunct club were amalgamated into their amateur set up.
Love Changes Everything (song)
"Love Changes Everything" is a song from the musical Aspects of Love, composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with a lyric written by Charles Hart and Don Black. It was first sung in the musical by the character Alex Dillingham, which was originated by Michael Ball in both the London and Broadway casts.  The song was released as a single in 1989, also sung by Ball, and stayed on the UK Singles Chart for 15 weeks, peaking at No. 2 and becoming Ball's signature tune. The song was later featured on Ball's 1992 self-titled debut album and Love Changes Everything: The Collection.

Charles Hart (lyricist)
Charles Hart is an English lyricist, librettist and songwriter. He is perhaps best known for his work on The Phantom of the Opera as well as a number of other musicals and operas for both stage and television.
Tobi 29
Tobi 28 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 30

The twenty-ninth day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 24, of the Julian calendar, and February 6, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Season of the Harvest
The Season of the Harvest or Low Water was the third and final season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the Season of the Emergence (Prt) and before the spiritually dangerous intercalary month (Ḥryw Rnpt), after which the New Year's festivities began the Season of the Inundation (Ꜣḫt). In the Coptic and Egyptian calendars this season begins at the start of the month of Pashons (about 9 May), continues through the months of Paoni and Epip, before concluding at the end of Mesori (about 5 September).: 453

The festival known as Sham Ennessim, is often claimed to have originated from Shemu. Sham Ennessim is an official holiday in modern Egypt. Earlier Egyptian šm.w and its Coptic successor ϣⲱⲙ relate to the name of a season in Egyptian, not a specific festival.
2007 Stroud District Council election
The 2007 Stroud Council election took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Stroud District Council in Gloucestershire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was

Conservative 31

Labour 9

Green 5

Liberal Democrat 4

Independent 2

Stroud District
51°44′53″N 2°12′58″W﻿ / ﻿51.748°N 2.216°W﻿ / 51.748; -2.216

Stroud District is a local government district in Gloucestershire, England. The district is named after its largest town of Stroud. The council is based at Ebley Mill in the district of Cainscross, west of central Stroud. The district also includes the towns of Berkeley, Dursley, Nailsworth, Stonehouse and Wotton-under-Edge, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Over half of the district lies within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Forest of Dean, Tewkesbury, Gloucester, Cotswold and South Gloucestershire.
Nuremberg–Schwandorf railway
The Nuremberg–Schwandorf railway is a 93.7 km long railway from Nuremberg, running along the Pegnitz river, to Hersbruck and continuing via Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg and Amberg to Schwandorf in the German state of Bavaria. It runs parallel to the Nuremberg–Cheb line (the Right Pegnitz line, German: rechte Pegnitzstrecke) between Nuremberg and Pommelsbrunn and this section is known as the Left Pegnitz line (linke Pegnitzstrecke). It was opened in 1859 and is one of the oldest railways in Germany.

Pegnitz (river)
The Pegnitz (German: [ˈpeːɡnɪts] ⓘ) is a river in Franconia in the German state of Bavaria.

The Pegnitz has its source in the town of the same name at an altitude of 425 m (1,394 ft) and meets the Rednitz at 283 m (928 ft) in Fürth to form the Regnitz river. Shortly after the source, the Pegnitz unites with the 15 km (9.3 mi) long Fichtenohe while keeping the name of the shorter tributary. Some therefore consider the Fichtenohe as the upper course of the river Pegnitz. The source of the Fichtenohe  is in Lindenhardt Forest (Landkreis Bayreuth) north of the town of Pegnitz.

The Pegnitz is about 113 km (70 mi) long, with Fichtenohe 127 km (79 mi).

The river is inhabited by numerous ducks, coots, swans, and gulls.
Round Top Branch
The Round Top Branch was an extension of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad from the Gettysburg borough across the Gettysburg Battlefield to Round Top, Pennsylvania. The branch ran southward from the terminus of the railroad's main line (its junction with the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad north of Meade School), west of the school and St. Francis Xavier Cemetery, across the field of Pickett's Charge, south of Cemetery Ridge, east of Weikert Hill and Munshower Knoll, and through Round Top to a point between Little Round Top's east base and Taneytown Road. In addition to battlefield tourists, the line carried stone monoliths and statues for monuments during the battlefield's memorial association and commemorative eras and equipment, supplies and participants for Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War (e.g., the 1884 Camp Gettysburg, 1913 Gettysburg reunion, 1918 Camp Colt and 1938 Gettysburg reunion).

Little Round Top
Little Round Top is the smaller of two rocky hills south of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania—the companion to the adjacent, taller hill named Big Round Top. It was the site of an unsuccessful assault by Confederate troops against the Union left flank on July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, during the American Civil War.

Little Round Top was successfully defended by a brigade under Colonel Strong Vincent, who was mortally wounded during the fighting and died five days later. The 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, commanded by Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, fought its most famous engagement there, culminating in a dramatic downhill bayonet charge. The battle at Little Round Top subsequently became one of the most well-known actions at Gettysburg, and of the entire war.