hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cornelis Eliza Bertus Bremekamp
Cornelis Eliza Bertus Bremekamp (7 February 1888 in Dordrecht – 21 December 1984) was a Dutch botanist.

He received his education at the University of Utrecht, and performed as a botanical researcher in Indonesia and South Africa. In South Africa he collaborated with German botanist Herold Georg Wilhelm Johannes Schweickerdt (1903–1977).

From 1924 to 1931 he was a professor at Transvaal University in Pretoria, where he conducted studies of the genus Pavetta. During this time period he collected plants from northern Transvaal, Rhodesia, and Mozambique. A portion of his career was spent at the herbarium in Utrecht, where he specialized in studies of Rubiaceae and Acanthaceae.

Bremekamp was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949.

Eponymy

Bremekampia (Acanthaceae)

Batopedina (Rubiaceae)

Toddaliopsis bremekampii (Rutaceae)

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Seton Healthcare Family
Seton Healthcare Family, also known as Seton Family of Hospitals, is a Roman Catholic-affiliated hospital network in the Greater Austin area. It is a member of Ascension, a not-for-profit health organization located in St. Louis, Missouri.

Hospital network
A hospital network is a public, non-profit or for-profit company or organization that provides two or more hospitals and other broad healthcare facilities and services.  A hospital network may include hospitals in one or more regions within one or more states within one or more countries.  A hospital network has one headquarters, usually within one of the regions served by the network facilities.  (The terms hospital system and health care system are used more broadly to define the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of a region or country.)
Peninsula Pictures
Peninsula Pictures is an Indian company that produces television series and entertainment content. The company was founded in the year 2015 by Alind Srivastava and Nissar Parvej and the head office is located in Andheri West, Mumbai.

The company has produced shows for General Entertainment Channels (GECs) like Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga (Sony SAB), Hero gayab mode on (Sony SAB), Paramavatar Shri Krishna (&TV), Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha (&TV), Mayavi Maling (STAR Bharat), Dev (Colors), Dev Season 2 (Colors), Vishkanya (Zee TV) Kahat Hanuman Jai Shree Ram(&tv).

Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga
Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga (transl. Aladdin – Must've Heard The Name) is an Indian fantasy television series loosely based on the Arabian Nights story Aladdin. The series premiered on 21 August 2018 on Sony SAB. The series involves Aladdin, a kind-hearted thief, as he falls in love with Princess Yasmine, befriends a wish-granting Genie of the Lamp, and battles Zafar and later the evil enchantress Mallika, and again with Zafar after his rebirth. While it incorporates many elements from the traditional Aladdin story, such as a young thief, a genie and a princess, it deviates significantly in its narrative and character development. The show's plot introduces new story arcs, original villains, and reimagined character relationships that set it apart from the more linear Disney adaptation. The series went off-air on 5 February 2021.
The Temple of Dendera
The Temple of Dendera is an 1841 landscape painting by the Scottish artist David Roberts. It portrays the entrance to the Dendera Temple in Egypt. Roberts, a member of the British Royal Academy travelled to the Holy Land at a time when Orientalism was at its height. During this period Egypt still remained formally part of the Ottoman Empire. A group of Ottoman officials are shown on the right of the canvas being served by slaves, including a half-naked woman carrying a water jug.

The work appeared at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1841 at the National Gallery in London. Today the painting is in the collection of the Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, having been acquired in 1919.

Jug
A jug is a type of container commonly used to hold and serve liquids, but not normally to drink from directly. It has an opening, sometimes narrow, from which to pour or drink, and has a handle, and usually a pouring lip. Jugs throughout history have been made of metal, ceramic, or glass, and plastic is now common.

In British English, jugs are pouring vessels for holding drinkable liquids, whether beer, water or soft drinks.  In North American English these table jugs are usually called pitchers. Ewer is an older word for jugs or pitchers, and there are several others, such as flagon.

Several other types of containers are also called jugs, depending on locale, tradition, and personal preference.  Some types of bottles can be called jugs, particularly  if the container has a narrow mouth and has a handle.  Closures such as  stoppers or screw caps are common for these retail packages.
Uplift (science fiction)
In science fiction, uplift is the intervention in the evolution of species of low-intelligence or even nonsapient species in order to increase their intelligence. This is usually accomplished by cultural, technological, or evolutionary interventions such as genetic engineering. The earliest appearance of the concept is in H. G. Wells's 1896 novel The Island of Doctor Moreau. The term was popularized by David Brin in his Uplift series in the 1980s.

David Brin
Glen David Brin (born October 6, 1950) is an American science fiction author. He has won the Hugo, Locus, Campbell and Nebula Awards. His novel The Postman was adapted into a 1997 feature film starring Kevin Costner.
Littrow prism
In optics, a Littrow prism, or Littrow mirror, originally part of a Littrow spectrograph (after Otto von Littrow), is a retro-reflecting, dispersing prism arranged in such a way that an incident light beam which enters at the Brewster angle undergoes minimal deviation and hence maximum dispersion.

Brewster's angle
Brewster's angle (also known as the polarization angle) is the angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface, with no reflection. When unpolarized light is incident at this angle, the light that is reflected from the surface is perfectly polarized. The angle is named after the Scottish physicist Sir David Brewster (1781–1868).
Damase Parizeau
Damase Parizeau (1841 – October 23, 1915) was a farmer, carpenter, lumber merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented Montréal division no. 3 in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1892 to 1897 as a Conservative. His name also appears as Damase Dalpé dit Parizeau.

He was born in Boucherville, Canada East, the son of Antoine Dalpé dit Parizeau and Aglaée Myette, and was educated there. In 1864, Parizeau married Marie-Geneviève Chartrand. He was president of the Workmen's Benefit Association. Parizeau helped found the Chambre de commerce in Montreal for French-speaking businessmen in the city in 1886 and served as its president. He also served as president of the agricultural society for Chambly County. He was defeated by Henri-Benjamin Rainville when he ran for reelection in 1897. He died in Montreal at the age of 74 and was buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.

Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery (French: Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges, pronounced [simtjɛʁ nɔtʁə dam de nɛʒ]) is a 139-hectare (340-acre) rural cemetery located in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, which was founded in 1854. The entrance and the grounds run along a part of Côte-des-Neiges Road and up the slopes of Mount Royal. Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Canada by number of burials and the third-largest in North America.
Long Pond (Chenango County, New York)
Long Pond is a lake located by Lakeville, New York. Fish species present in the lake include bluegill, pumpkinseed sunfish, tiger muskie, brown bullhead, yellow perch, black crappie, largemouth bass, and pickerel. There is access via state owned boat launch off NY-41, east of Lakeville.

Black crappie
The black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) is a freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae). It is endemic to North America, one of the two types of crappies. It is very similar to the white crappie (P. annularis) in size, shape, and habits, except that it is darker, with a pattern of black spots. Alternate names for the species include calico bass, speck, speckled perch, speckled bass, moonfish, grass bass, strawberry bass, shiner, crappie, oswego bass, sac-a-lait, and marigane noire.
Makhmutovo
Makhmutovo (Russian: Махмутово; Bashkir: Мәхмүт, Mäxmüt) is a rural locality (a village) in Khalilovsky Selsoviet, Abzelilovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 584 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Abzelilovsky District
Abzelilovsky District (Russian: Абзели́ловский райо́н; Bashkir: Әбйәлил районы, Äbyälil rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic, bordered by Chelyabinsk Oblast to the east. The area of the district is 4,288 square kilometers (1,656 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Askarovo. As of the 2021 Russian census, Abzelilovsky District has a population of 45,300.
Ex parte Stephens' Estate
In Ex parte Stephens' Estate, an important case in the South African law of succession, the deceased disposed of his estate in terms of fractions, but only provided for nine tenths of the estate. One tenth, therefore, was not provided for. It was argued that it should be divided among the named beneficiaries in the will.

The court held that the Roman law nemo pro parte rule did not apply in South Africa; therefore, the estate was to be divided partly testate and partly intestate. Had the court divided the remaining one tenth between the nine beneficiaries, it would effectively have been rectifying the will. It held, accordingly, that the remaining one tenth was to be devolved in terms of the law of intestate succession.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Petaluma Gap
The Petaluma Gap is a geographical region in Sonoma County, California which extends in a band from the Pacific Ocean to San Pablo Bay. It is an area of low land 22 to 31 miles (35 to 50 kilometers) wide in the coast ranges of the northern San Francisco Bay Area. The western edge of the gap is located in the coastal lowlands between Bodega Bay and Tomales Bay. The eastern edge of the gap is located at San Pablo Bay around the mouth of the Petaluma River. The city of Petaluma is near the center of the gap.

The Petaluma Gap affects wind patterns (and thus microclimates and air quality) in the San Francisco Bay Area.  Fresh marine air generally blows eastward through the gap, branching into southward and northward streams which blow toward the Carquinez Strait and Santa Rosa respectively. The southward stream brings marine air overland into the central Bay Area from the northwest. Warm air rises from the land and allows cold, moist air, plus winds and fog to move into the area.

Santa Rosa, California
Santa Rosa (Spanish for "Saint Rose") is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, in the North Bay region of the Bay Area in California. Its population as of the 2020 census was 178,127. It is the largest city in California's Wine Country and Redwood Coast. It is the fifth most populous city in the Bay Area after San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, and Fremont; and the 27th-most populous city in California.
Parnara naso
Parnara naso, the African straight or straight swift, is a skipper butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is found on Mauritius, Réunion and Madagascar. The habitat consists of forest margins and anthropogenic environments.

The larvae feed on Oryza sativa and Saccharum officinarum.

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum is a large, strong-growing species of grass in the sugarcane genus. Its stout stalks are rich in sucrose, a disaccharide sugar which accumulates in the stalk internodes. It originated in New Guinea, and is now cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide for the production of sugar, ethanol and other products. It is one of the most productive and most intensively cultivated kinds of sugarcane.
Konstantinos Prousalis
Konstantinos Prousalis (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Προύσαλης; born 6 October 1980) is a Greek former volleyball player. He is the current head coach of Iraklis Thessaloniki. He played for the Greece men's national volleyball team. He was part of the national team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics was the 11th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Athens, Greece from 15 to 29 August 2004.
Quily
Quily (French pronunciation: [kili]; Breton: Killi, meaning "the forest") is a former commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Val d'Oust. Its population was 366 in 2022. Inhabitants of Quily are called in French Quilyens.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Brian Sheehan (hurler)
Brian Sheehan (born 1972) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a left corner-back for the Cork senior team.

Born in Blarney, County Cork, Sheehan first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor teams as a dual player, before later joining the under-21, junior and intermediate sides. He joined the senior team during the 1992 championship. Sheehan went on to be a regular member of the team for a number of years, winning one Munster medal as an unused substitute.

At club level Sheehan is a one-time championship medallist in the junior grade with Blarney.

Dual player
Dual player or dual star is a term used in Hiberno-English to describe someone who competes in multiple sports — for example, in Victorian Ireland, cricket and hurling. The term today in Gaelic games typically describes a male player who plays both Gaelic football and hurling or, if a female player, a player of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie. The player does not necessarily have to play at the same standard in both sports. The number of dual stars at county level has decreased recently due to the increasing demands placed upon the best players of both sports.
Cyrille Makanda
Cirill Makanda-Etogo (born 5 May 1980) is a Cameroonian-Russian former professional basketball player.  Throughout his ten-year professional career, he has played for four teams in Russia, plus teams in Germany and France before joining APOEL B.C. in Cyprus for the 2008–09 season.

Makanda represents Cameroon internationally and competed for Cameroon at FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament for Men 2008 and FIBA Africa Championship 2009.  He was the leading scorer for Cameroon in the semifinals and bronze medal game, but the team lost both games to fall just short of qualifying for the 2010 FIBA World Championship.

AfroBasket 2009
AfroBasket 2009 was the 25th FIBA Africa Championship, played under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball, the basketball sport governing body, and the African zone thereof. At stake were the three berths allocated to Africa in the 2010 FIBA World Championship.  The tournament was hosted by Libya after Nigeria, the original host, withdrew from hosting after not conforming to FIBA Africa guidelines.

Angola won its sixth consecutive African championship and tenth overall by beating Côte d'Ivoire 82-72 in the championship game. Tunisia won the bronze medal game over Cameroon to earn its first-ever FIBA World Championship berth.  Angola, Côte d'Ivoire, and Tunisia move on to represent Africa at the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey.  Angola's Joaquim Gomes claimed the tournament's Most Valuable Player award for the second consecutive Afrobasket tournament.
2022 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup
The 2022 Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup was the twelfth season of the GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup since its inception in 2011 as the Blancpain Endurance Series.

The season began on 1 April at Imola and ended on 2 October at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya. In a change from the 2021 schedule, the round at the Nürburgring was moved to the Hockenheimring. On 29 October 2021, a second change to the schedule was announced, moving the opening round from Monza to Imola and staging the event one week earlier.

2011 Blancpain Endurance Series
The 2011 Blancpain Endurance Series season was the inaugural season of the Blancpain Endurance Series, the sports car racing series developed by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation and the Royal Automobile Club of Belgium (RACB) with approval from the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).

The season commenced on 17 April at Monza and concluded on 9 October at Silverstone.
Deaths in February 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in February 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Kaushalyavati Devi
Kaushalyavati Devi (Nepali: कौशल्यावती शाह) or Kaushalyawati Devi was a queen consort of Gorkha.

Her father, Gundharva Sen, was a Raja of Palpa and Binayakpur. He added considerably to his lands, with the help of the Rajas of Gulmi and Kanchi. She was the second wife of King Nara Bhupal Shah, and the mother of Prithvi Narayan Shah, who was the king of unified Nepal from 1768 to 1775 C.E., She gave birth to Prithvi Narayan Shah prematurely, after 7 months of pregnancy.

Gurkha
The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (/ˈɡɜːrkə, ˈɡʊər-/), with the endonym Gorkhali (Nepali: गोर्खाली [ɡoɾkʰaːliː]), are soldiers native to South Asia, chiefly residing within Nepal and some parts of North India.

The Gurkha units consist of Nepali and (in India) Indian Gorkha, Nepali-speaking Indian people. They are recruited for the Nepali Army (96,000), the Indian Army (42,000), the British Army (4,010), the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force, the Gurkha Reserve Unit of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces, and UN peacekeeping forces in war zones around the world. Ordinary citizens of the two demographic groups become a Gurkha by applying for, and passing, the selection and training process.

Gurkhas are closely associated with the khukuri, a forward-curving knife, and have a reputation for fearless military prowess. Former Indian Army Chief of Staff Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw once stated that:

"If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gurkha."
Battle of the Chefs: Harare
Battle of the Chefs: Harare is a Zimbabwean reality competition television series which premiered on August 30, 2015 on Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation. The show features sixteen contestants competing across five rounds. It is open to both amateur and professional chefs.

Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation
The Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) is the state-owned broadcaster in Zimbabwe. It was established as the Rhodesian Broadcasting Corporation (RBC), taking its current name in 1980. Like the RBC before it, the ZBC has been accused of being a government mouthpiece with no editorial independence.
Rancho Jamacha
Rancho Jamacha was a 8,881-acre (35.94 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Diego County, California, given in 1840 by Governor Juan Alvarado to Apolinaria Lorenzana. Jamacha is an Indian name. The grant extended eastward from Rancho de la Nación along the Sweetwater River Valley. The southwestern section of the rancho is now covered by the waters of Sweetwater Reservoir created in 1888.

Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.