hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1878–1900)
Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Bernhard Carl Alexander Hermann Heinrich Wilhelm Oscar Friedrich Franz Peter; 18 April 1878 – 1 October 1900) was a member of the Grand Ducal House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and a Lieutenant in the Prussian Army. He bore the titles "Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Duke of Saxony" with the style "Highness".

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (German: Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) was a German state, created as a duchy in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach, which had been in personal union since 1741. It was raised to a grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Congress of Vienna. In 1903, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony (German: Großherzogtum Sachsen), but this name was rarely used. The grand duchy came to an end in the German Revolution of 1918–19 with the other monarchies of the German Empire. It was succeeded by the Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, which was merged into the new State of Thuringia two years later.

The full grand ducal style was Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Lord of Blankenhayn, Neustadt and Tautenburg.

The Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach branch has been the most genealogically senior extant branch of the House of Wettin since 1672.
Household production function
Consumers often choose not directly from the commodities that they purchase, but from commodities they transform into goods through a household production function. It is these goods that they value.  The idea was originally proposed by Gary Becker, Kelvin Lancaster, and Richard Muth in the mid-1960s. The idea was introduced simultaneously into macroeconomics in two separate papers by Jess Benhabib, Richard Rogerson, and Randall Wright (1991); and Jeremy Greenwood and Zvi Hercowitz (1991). Household production theory has been used to explain the rise in married female labor-force participation over the course of the 20th century, as the result of labor-saving appliances. More recently with the rise of the DIY or Maker movement household production has become more sophisticated. For example, consumers can now convert plastic wire into high-value products with inexpensive 3-D printers in their own homes.

Richard Rogerson
Richard Donald Rogerson is an American economist who is currently the Charles and Marie Robertson Professor of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, where he is also the Director of the Louis A. Simpson Center for the Study of Macroeconomics.
Nkhamanga Kingdom
The Nkhamanga Kingdom was a pre-colonial kingdom located in the region of Malawi, specifically in the northern and central areas. The kingdom was established in the 18th century by the Tumbuka people, a Bantu-speaking group.

Central Region, Malawi
The Central Region of Malawi, population 7,523,340 (2018), covers an area of 35,592 km2. Its capital city is Lilongwe, which is also the national capital. The region has an outlet on Lake Malawi and borders neighbouring countries Zambia and Mozambique. The Chewa people make up the majority of the population today.
Olympia Downtown Historic District
The Olympia Downtown Historic District is a historic district located in Olympia, Washington, the state's capital. The district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2004, covers 17 blocks in downtown Olympia and includes 51 contributing properties.

The majority of buildings in Downtown Olympia were built between 1911 and 1930, decades after Washington gained statehood with Olympia as its capital city. Three earthquakes, in 1949, 1965 and 2001, damaged buildings in downtown Olympia.

Several properties in the historic district were designed by architect Joseph Wohleb, who hails from the area.

1949 Olympia earthquake
The 1949 Olympia earthquake occurred on April 13 at 11:55:44 local time with a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe). The shock was located in the area between Olympia and Tacoma, and was felt throughout the state, as well as parts of Oregon, British Columbia, Idaho, and Montana. It is the largest recorded earthquake to occur in the Puget Sound region of Washington. Eight people were killed, a minimum of 64 people were injured, and the total damage is estimated at $25 million.
Al-Huwayz
Al-Huwayz al-Qibla (Arabic: الحويزالقبلي, also known as al-Huwayz or Huweiz) is a village in northern Syria, located in the Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict of al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), it had a population of 2,395 in the 2004 census. The village's inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict
Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية قلعة المضيق)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict had a population of 85,597 in the 2004 census.
Frank Damiani
Francis Anthony Damiani (July 27, 1922 – April 28, 1998) was an American football player and coach. Born and in raised in Carnegie, Pennsylvania, Damiani entered Manhattan College as a freshman in 1939. He played football and was a member of the track and field team, carrying a double major in biology and English.  He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) with the New York Giants in 1944, as a tackle. He also played for the First Air Force Aces.  Damiani  served as the head football coach as Salem College—now known as Salem International University–in Salem, West Virginia from 1947 to 1948.  He died on April 28, 1998.

Manhattan University
Manhattan University (previously Manhattan College) is a private, Catholic university in New York City, New York, US. Originally established in 1853 by the De La Salle Christian Brothers (Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools) as an academy for day students, it was later incorporated as an institution of higher education through a charter granted by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1922, it moved from Manhattan to the Riverdale section of the Bronx, roughly 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north of its original location on 131st Street in Manhattanville.
Oriol Bohigas Martí
Oriol Bohigas i Martí (22 December 1937 – 22 October 2013) was a Spanish and French physicist.

Bohigas was born in Barcelona, where he studied physics at the university.  In 1966 he became researcher at France's CNRS, where he would stay until the end of his career, becoming Director of Research Emeritus at the LPTMS laboratory (Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques), of which he was one of the founders, at Université de Paris-Sud in Orsay. Before that, he had been head of the Division of Theoretical Physics of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (IPN), on the campus of the same university.  He died in Orsay.

His fundamental contributions to the theory of quantum chaos and its applications, particularly in nuclear physics, granted him the Gay-Lussac-Humboldt Prize (1991), the Holweck Medal (1999), and an honoris causa doctorate by the Technische Universität Darmstadt, among other recognitions.

Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize
The Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize is a major European prize for Physics awarded jointly every year by the British Institute of Physics (IOP) and the Société Française de Physique (SFP). It is one of the four Grand Prix of the SFP and one of the four International Bilateral Awards of the IOP, consisting of a gold medal and a 3000€ cash prize.
Monkey (band)
Monkey is a third wave ska band based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Their musical influences include the Skatalites, Prince Buster, the Specials, and non-ska artists such as: Elvis Costello, David Byrne and Tito Puente. Monkey has released six albums. The first two were independent releases, and the next three were on Asian Man Records. Their sixth album was released by SquidHat Records. Monkey’s debut album ¡Changito! was listed as San Jose's Best Independent Release for 1998. They have toured the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, and the United Kingdom, and have earned several nominations and awards, including winning the California Music Award (Bammie) in 1999.

Monkey's music can also be heard on several compilations, as well as movie and video game soundtracks.

David Byrne
David Byrne (/bɜːrn/; born May 14, 1952) is an American musician, writer, visual artist, and filmmaker. He was a founding member and the principal songwriter, lead singer, and guitarist of the new wave band Talking Heads.

Byrne was born in Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, and moved to the US with his family as a child. He co-founded Talking Heads in 1975 in New York City. After releasing eight albums, including seven certified gold or platinum, Talking Heads disbanded in 1991.

Byrne has released solo recordings and worked with media including film, photography, opera, fiction, and non-fiction. He has collaborated with artists including Brian Eno, Fatboy Slim, X-Press 2, Ryuichi Sakamoto and St. Vincent. Byrne has received an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, a Special Tony Award, and a Golden Globe Award, and was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Talking Heads.
Carbon Hill, Ohio
Carbon Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in central Ward Township, Hocking County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 43111. As of the 2020 census the population of the CDP was 178.

State Route 278, located on the western edge of Carbon Hill, is its main north–south street. It is 3 miles (5 km) north of Nelsonville.

Nelsonville, Ohio
Nelsonville is a city in northwestern Athens County, Ohio, United States, located about 60 miles (97 km) southeast of Columbus. The population was 5,373 at the 2020 census. It is home to Hocking College as well as Rocky Brands. Nelsonville is surrounded by Ohio's only national forest, the Wayne National Forest.
2024–25 Hallyburton Johnstone Shield
The 2024–25 Hallyburton Johnstone Shield was a 50-over women's cricket competition, the 8th season with the name Hallyburton Johnstone Shield, that took place in New Zealand. The tournament ran from November 2024 to February 2025, with 6 provincial teams taking part. Otago Sparks are the defending champions, claiming their fifth title after defeating Auckland Hearts in the final by 4 wickets.

The tournament ran alongside the 2024–25 Super Smash.

Auckland Hearts
The Auckland Hearts is the women's representative cricket team for the New Zealand region of Auckland. They play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval. They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield  one-day competition and the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.
Lawrence Chickering
Allen Lawrence Chickering (February 3, 1941 - August 13, 2023) was an American public policy analyst, attorney and the founder and president of Educate Girls Globally.

Chickering was a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. He is the author of Beyond Left and Right: Breaking the Political Stalemate, Voice of the People: The Transpartisan Imperative in American Life and  Strategic Foreign Assistance: Civil Society in International Security.

As president of Educate Girls Globally, he implemented a program for promoting girls’ education and empowering traditional communities by reforming government schools.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
Mounira M. Charrad
Mounira Maya Charrad (born 1942) is a Franco-Tunisian sociologist who serves as associate professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin.

She is an author whose work focuses on political sociology, comparative history, gender politics, and the Middle East. Her research has centered on state formation, colonialism, law, citizenship, kinship, and women's rights.

American Sociological Association
The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology. Founded in December 1905 as the American Sociological Society at Johns Hopkins University by a group of fifty people, the first president of the association was Lester Frank Ward. Today, most of its members work in academia, while around 20 percent of them work in government, business, or non-profit organizations.

ASA publishes ten academic journals and magazines, along with four section journals, including the American Sociological Review and Contexts.

The ASA had 9,893 members in 2023, as an association of sociologists even larger than the International Sociological Association. It is composed of researchers, students, college/university faculty, high school faculty, and various practitioners The "American Sociological Association Annual Meeting" is an annual academic conference held by the association consisting of over 4,000 participants.
José da Silva (canoeist)
José António Silva (born October 27, 1971) is a Portuguese sprint and marathon canoer who competed in the early 1990s. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, he was eliminated in the semifinals of both the K-2 500 m and the K-2 1000 m events.

José António, together with João Gomes, became the first European Champions in K2 at 1995 Canoe Marathon European Championships and the first Portuguese to win the International Sella River Descent, in Ribadesella (Asturias) also in 1995.

Ribadesella
Ribadesella (Asturian: Ribeseya) is a small 84-square-kilometre (32 sq mi) municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Known for its location on the Cantabrian Sea, at the outlet of the River Sella, Ribadesella is a town that forms part of the Picos de Europa (Peaks of Europe). It is bordered on the east by Llanes, on the south by Cangas de Onís and Parres, and on the west by Caravia. Ribadesella is the home town of Queen Letizia of Spain.

On the first weekend of August, the International Sella River Descent takes place; kayakers from all over the world gather here to attempt the final 20 km of the Sella River in record time. The town is also known for its prehistoric cave, known as the cave of Tito Bustillo, which is open to visitors all year round. Ribadesella is often visited for its history, sport activities, scenery, natural amenities, and food.
Schedular system of taxation
The schedular system of taxation is the system of how the charge to United Kingdom corporation tax is applied. It also applied to United Kingdom income tax before legislation was rewritten by the Tax Law Rewrite Project. Similar systems apply in other jurisdictions that are or were closely related to the United Kingdom, such as Ireland and Jersey.

The levies to tax on income were originally set out in Schedules to the Income Tax Act. In the case of United Kingdom corporation tax, they remain for companies charged to that tax, and in the case of United Kingdom income tax, many, but not all remain.

In the United Kingdom the source rule applies. This means that something is taxed only if there is a specific provision bringing it within the charge to tax. Accordingly, profits are only charged to corporation tax if they fall within one of the following, and are not otherwise exempted by an explicit provision of the Taxes Acts:

Net income
In business and accounting, net income is an entity's income minus cost of goods sold, expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest, and taxes, and other expenses for an accounting period.

It is computed as the residual of all revenues and gains less all expenses and losses for the period, and has also been defined as the net increase in shareholders' equity that results from a company's operations. It is different from gross income, which only deducts the cost of goods sold from revenue.

For households and individuals, net income is the (gross) income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g. mandatory pension contributions).
Kocina, Łódź Voivodeship
Kocina [kɔˈt͡ɕina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Widawa, 26 km (16 mi) south-west of Łask, and 58 km (36 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łask County
Łask County (Polish: powiat łaski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łask, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 617.38 square kilometres (238.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,874, out of which the population of Łask is 18,684 and the rural population is 32,190.
Estela Neder
Estela Mary del Rosario Neder (born 12 December 1957) is an Argentine nutritionist and politician, currently serving as National Deputy elected in Santiago del Estero since 2017. She is a member of the Civic Front for Santiago (FCpS). She sits in the Frente de Todos parliamentary bloc.

Nutritionist
A nutritionist is a person who advises others on matters of food and nutrition and their impacts on health.  Some people specialize in particular areas, such as sports nutrition, public health, or animal nutrition, among other disciplines. In many jurisdictions, a person can claim to be a nutritionist even without any training, education, or professional license, in contrast to a dietitian, who has a university degree, professional license, and certification for professional practice.
Web Therapy season 1
The first season of the American Improvisational comedy television series Web Therapy premiered on July 19, 2011, and concluded on September 20, 2011 on Showtime. The series stars Lisa Kudrow  as Fiona Wallice, a therapist who has conceived of a new form of therapy: the titular "web therapy". This season contains the webisodes from seasons one and two of the web series.

Web Therapy
Web Therapy is an improvised online series starring Lisa Kudrow as Fiona Wallice, a therapist who has conceived of a new form of therapy, the titular "web therapy". The series debuted on LStudio.com on September 22, 2008.
Dan Motreanu
Dan-Ștefan Montreanu MEP (born 11 September 1970) is a Romanian politician, who had been the Romanian Minister for Agriculture in the first Tăriceanu cabinet (which was led by former PNL president Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu) between 2006 and 2007.

Since 2019 onwards, he has also been a PNL member of the European Parliament for Romania, seating with the EPP group.

Government of Romania
The Government of Romania (Romanian: Guvernul României) forms one half of the executive branch of the government of Romania (the other half being the office of the President of Romania). It is headed by the Prime Minister of Romania, and consists of the ministries, various subordinate institutions and agencies, and the 42 prefectures. The seat of the Romanian Government is at Victoria Palace in Bucharest.

The Government is the public authority of executive power that functions on the basis of the vote of confidence granted by Parliament, ensuring the achievement of the country's domestic and foreign policy and that exercises the general leadership of public administration. The Government is appointed by the President of Romania on the basis of the vote of confidence granted to the Government by the Parliament of Romania.
Helmut Markwort
Helmut Markwort (born 8 December 1936 in Darmstadt) is a German journalist and former editor-in-chief of the German weekly news magazine Focus from 1993 to 2010. He is a member of the Landtag of Bavaria (state parliament) for the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany.

Markwort was nominated by his party as delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2022.

Federal Convention (Germany)
The Federal Convention, also known as the Federal Assembly (German: Bundesversammlung [ˈbʊndəsfɛɐ̯ˌzamlʊŋ] ⓘ), is, together with the Joint Committee, one of two non-permanent constitutional bodies in the institutional framework of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is convened solely for the purpose of electing the President of Germany. The Federal Convention consists of all members of the federal parliament (Bundestag) and the same number of delegates from the 16 federated states. Those delegates are elected by the state parliaments for this purpose only.
Jefferson Hills Public Library
The Jefferson Hills Public Library is a public library serving Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The library is located in Jefferson Hills, Pennsylvania, formed in 1959 to promote reading, thinking, learning, enjoyment of the arts, and to enhance the quality of life for all members of the community.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
2012 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's invitation doubles
Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis were the defending champions but were eliminated in the round robin.

Greg Rusedski and Fabrice Santoro  defeated Thomas Enqvist and Mark Philippoussis in the final, 6–7(3–7), 6–4, [11–9] to win the gentlemen's invitation doubles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships.

Paul Haarhuis
Paul Vincent Nicholas Haarhuis (Dutch pronunciation: [pʌul ˈhaːrhœys]; born 19 February 1966) is a Dutch tennis coach and a former professional player. He is a former world No. 1 doubles player, having reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 18 in November 1995. He has won 54 doubles titles, including six Grand Slam titles, five with Jacco Eltingh, and one with Yevgeny Kafelnikov.
Kurier für Niederbayern
The Kurier für Niederbayern was a Lower Bavarian daily self-described as a "paper for national and social politics". It was later edited by Heinrich Himmler, who described it as a "folk journal". Himmler was selected for the editorial role by Gregor Strasser, a member of the "völkisch" National Socialist Freedom Movement, to serve as his deputy in the Reichstag.

Since 1848 it was published by J.F. Rietsch in Landshut. It was one of the newspapers that published attack articles against Redemptorists, an order that had been banned in Germany by an extension of the Jesuits Law in 1873. Under Himmler's control it became an anti-Semitic propaganda paper.

Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria (German: Niederbayern, pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌbaɪɐn] ⓘ; Bavarian: Niedabayern, Niadabayern, Niedabayan or Niadabayan) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state. It consists of nine districts and 258 municipalities (including three cities).