hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Secret trial
A secret trial is a trial that is not open to the public or generally reported in the news, especially any in-trial proceedings. Generally, no official record of the case or the judge's verdict is made available. Often there is no indictment. Secret trials have been characteristic of many dictatorships in the modern era, but are also used in many democratic nations, with the explanation of being necessary for national security. They are a hotly debated topic in many circles, but are generally accepted in the Western world as they are seen as protecting the "greater good".

Trial
In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes. One form of tribunal is a court. The tribunal, which may occur before a judge, jury, or other designated trier of fact, aims to achieve a resolution to their dispute.
Milan Milojević
Milan Milojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Mилан Mилојевић ;born 24 April 1989 in Smederevo) is a Serbian football midfielder.

Previously he played for Smederevo (1 match in the Serbian SuperLiga season 2006–07, and 5 matches in the Serbian First League in the season 2008–09) and on loan at Morava Velika Plana in the first half of the 2009–10 season.

Smederevo
Smederevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Смедерево, pronounced [smêdereʋo] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Podunavlje District in eastern Serbia. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube, about 45 kilometres (28 miles) downstream of the Serbian capital, Belgrade.

According to the 2022 census, the city has a population of 59,261, with 97,930 people living in its administrative area.

Its history starts in the 1st century BC, after the conquest of the Roman Empire, when there existed a settlement by the name of Vinceia. The modern city traces its roots back to the Late Middle Ages when it was the capital (1430–39, and 1444–59) of the last independent Serbian state before Ottoman conquest.

Smederevo is said to be the city of iron (гвожђе / gvožđe) and grapes (грожђе / grožđe).
Glaphyrae
39°26′38″N 22°53′00″E﻿ / ﻿39.444°N 22.8833°E﻿ / 39.444; 22.8833

Glaphyrae (Ancient Greek: Γλαφυραί) was a town of Magnesia in ancient Thessaly, mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships along with Boebe and Iolcus After which, the name does not subsequently occur in history. William Martin Leake wrote that the town is represented by the Hellenic ruins situated upon one of the hills above the modern village of Glafira (formerly called Kapourna), between Boebe and Iolcus. This identification is accepted by modern scholars. As of Leake's visit in the 19th century, the entire circuit of the citadel on the summit of the hill could be traced, and on its lower side part of the wall was still standing.

Ancient Thessaly
Thessaly or Thessalia (Attic Greek: Θεσσαλία, Thessalía or Θετταλία, Thettalía) was one of the traditional regions of Ancient Greece. During the Mycenaean period, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, a name that continued to be used for one of the major tribes of Greece, the Aeolians, and their dialect of Greek, Aeolic.
Miyamayomena koraiensis
Miyamayomena koraiensis (Korean:벌개미취), commonly called Korean starwort, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). It can be found in temperate regions, mostly in Korea, in lawns, on roadsides, and other areas with moist soils. Korean starwort is a Korean endemic plant and was first named in the genus Aster in 1909. In Korea, its young leaves are used in food preparation.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
Trakhtenbrot's theorem
In logic, finite model theory, and computability theory, Trakhtenbrot's theorem (due to Boris Trakhtenbrot) states that the problem of validity in first-order logic  on the class of all finite models is undecidable.  In fact, the class of valid sentences over finite models is not recursively enumerable (though it is co-recursively enumerable).

Trakhtenbrot's theorem implies that Gödel's completeness theorem (that is fundamental to first-order logic) does not hold in the finite case.  Also it seems counter-intuitive that being valid over all structures is 'easier' than over just the finite ones.

The theorem was first published in 1950: "The Impossibility of an Algorithm for the Decidability Problem on Finite Classes".

The theorem is related to Church's result that the set of valid formulas in first-order logic is not decidable (however this set is semi-decidable).

Alonzo Church
Alonzo Church (June 14, 1903 – August 11, 1995) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. He is best known for the lambda calculus, the Church–Turing thesis, proving the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem ("decision problem"), the Frege–Church ontology, and the Church–Rosser theorem. Alongside his doctoral student Alan Turing, Church is considered one of the founders of computer science.
Shirley Kurata
Shirley Kurata (born c. 1970) is an American wardrobe stylist and costume designer based in Los Angeles, California. In 2023, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design, for her work on the absurdist comedy-drama indie film Everything Everywhere All at Once.

Kurata has won numerous awards including the CDG Award for Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film.

Academy Award for Best Costume Design
The Academy Award for Best Costume Design is one of the Academy Awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for achievement in film costume design.

The award was first given in 1949, for films made in 1948. Initially, separate award categories were established for black-and-white films and color films. Since the merger of the two categories in 1967, the Academy has traditionally avoided giving out the award to films with a contemporary setting.
Eraser
An eraser (also known as a rubber in some Commonwealth countries, including South Africa from which the material first used got its name) is an article of stationery that is used for removing marks from paper or skin (e.g. parchment or vellum). Erasers have a rubbery consistency and come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. Some pencils have an eraser on one end. Less expensive erasers are made from synthetic rubber and synthetic soy-based gum, but more expensive or specialized erasers are made from vinyl, plastic, or gum-like materials.

At first, erasers were invented to erase mistakes made with a pencil; later, more abrasive ink erasers were introduced. The term is also used for things that remove marks from chalkboards and whiteboards.

Natural gum
Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large increase in a solution's viscosity, even at small concentrations. They are mostly botanical gums, found in the woody elements of plants or in seed coatings.
Eclipse Stakes (MRC)
The Eclipse Stakes is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race held under quality handicap conditions, for horses aged three years old and upwards, over a distance of 1800 metres, run at Sandown Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in mid November.

Melbourne Racing Club
The Melbourne Racing Club (MRC) is one of three metropolitan horse racing clubs in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It began life as the Victoria Amateur Turf Club in 1875, with E. C. Moore as the club's first Secretary. The first VATC race meeting was held at Dowling Forest Racecourse in Ballarat, on Friday, 24 March 1876. Within six months, the VATC was granted use of Crown land at Caulfield as a permanent home in Melbourne.
Mauseidvåg
Mauseidvåg or Mauseidvågen is a village in Sula Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Ålesund Region and is located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southeast of the municipal center of Langevåg and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the town of Ålesund.  The Indre Sula Church is located about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the village of Mauseidvåg. The European route E39 highway runs just east of the village too.

Ålesund Region
The Ålesund Region (Norwegian: Ålesundregionen, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈôːɫəsʉnrɛɡɪˌuːnn̩]) is a metropolitan region in Møre og Romsdal county in western Norway. It consists of a number of municipalities that are centered around the city of Ålesund.
Electoral district of Clontarf
Clontarf was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1968 to 1989. It was located in the southern suburbs of Perth on the Canning River, including such suburbs as Wilson, Bentley, Karawara, Rossmoyne and Shelley. It was a marginal seat but with progressive redistributions lost Labor-voting areas to Victoria Park, Canning and Welshpool, and became substantially safer for the Liberal Party.

Bentley, Western Australia
Bentley is a southern suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Perth's central business district. Its local government areas are the City of Canning and the Town of Victoria Park. Bentley is home to the main campus of Curtin University and Technology Park.
Siddamulla South Grama Niladhari Division
Siddamulla South Grama Niladhari Division is a  Grama Niladhari Division of the  Homagama Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 591B.

Siddamulla South is a surrounded by the  Sangharama, Siddamulla North, Pelenwatta East, Mattegoda West, Gorakapitiya and Pelenwatta North  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Colombo District
Colombo District (Sinhala: කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය kol̠am̆ba distrikkaya; Tamil: கொழும்பு மாவட்டம் Koḻumpu Māvaṭṭam) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Colombo. The district of Colombo was officially recorded in 2016 as having the highest income on average, per household. There are smaller places like Kottawa
Faulbach
Faulbach (German pronunciation: [ˈfaʊlbax]) is a  municipality in the Miltenberg district  in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. It has a population of around 2,600.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Widawa, Łódź Voivodeship
Widawa [viˈdava] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Widawa. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Łask and 53 km (33 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.

Łask County
Łask County (Polish: powiat łaski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łask, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 617.38 square kilometres (238.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,874, out of which the population of Łask is 18,684 and the rural population is 32,190.
Bagchaur
Bagchaur (Nepali: बागचौर) is an urban municipality located in Salyan district of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The total area of the municipality is 163.14 square kilometres (62.99 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality as of 2011 Nepal census is 34,118 individuals. The municipality is divided into total 12 wards.

The municipality was established on 19 September 2015 merging Tharmare, Sibaratha, Kotbara, Kotmala and Pipal Neta.  On 10 March 2017 the Government of Nepal announced 744 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015, thus Baphukhola VDC was Incorporated with municipality.

Sibaratha
Sibaratha  is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4372 people living in 749 individual households.
Rellinars
Rellinars (Catalan pronunciation: [rəʎiˈnas]) is a municipality in the province of Barcelona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 17.79 square kilometres (6.87 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 726.

Province of Barcelona
Barcelona (Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə] ⓘ; Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a province in northeastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. The area of the province is 7,726.37 km2 (2,983.17 sq mi), and the population is 5,877,672, of which 28.7% is in the city of Barcelona itself, which itself is contained in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is both the 2nd most populous and 2nd most densely populated province in the country.
Kazakhskaya Pravda
Kazakhskaya Pravda (Казахская Правда) is a semi-monthly Russian-language newspaper printed in Almaty, Kazakhstan, with a print run of 5,000. As of 2004, the editor in chief was Aldan Aimbetov, a graduate of the Kazakh State University (Al-Farabi University). He has held that position since 1993. The United States' Country Reports on Human Rights Practices describes their political position as "nationalist". Pal Kolsto of the University of Oslo's Institute of East European and Oriental Studies goes as far as to call them "extremist". They are unusual among Kazakh nationalist-oriented newspapers for publishing in Russian rather than the Kazakh language.

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are annual publications on the human rights conditions in countries and regions outside the United States, mandated by U.S. law to be submitted annually by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the United States Department of State to the United States Congress. The reports cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Espen Berg (musician)
Espen Berg (born 30 June 1983) is a Norwegian jazz musician, arranger and composer from Trondheim, known for his collaborations with musicians such as trumpeter Per Jørgensen, saxophonist Marius Neset and the Trondheim Jazz Orchestra.

Per Jørgensen
Per Jørgensen (born 9 September 1952) is a Norwegian multi-instrumentalist with trumpet as his main instrument, also known for his vocal contributions, in collaboration with Dag Arnesen, Knut Kristiansen, Alex Riel, Jon Christensen, Jon Balke, Audun Kleive, Jan Gunnar Hoff, Marilyn Mazur, Nils Petter Molvær, Bugge Wesseltoft, and Terje Isungset.
Weavertown, Berks County, Pennsylvania
Weavertown is an unincorporated community in Amity Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located approximately 3.6 miles north of Amity Gardens on Pennsylvania Route 662 (Old Swede Road) and is served by the Daniel Boone Area School District.

Amity Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania
Amity Township is a township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 13,435 at the 2020 census. Amity Township, especially in the Douglassville area, is seeing growth in development as a bedroom community for Philadelphia and Reading.

The township was so named for the cordial relationship, or amity, between Swedish settlers and the local Native Americans.
Radford Highlanders baseball
The Radford Highlanders baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the Radford University in Radford, Virginia, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and is a member of the Big South Conference, having served as a founding member in 1986.

Radford University
Radford University is a public university in Radford, Virginia, United States. It is one of the state's eight doctorate-granting public universities. Founded in 1910, Radford offers curricula for undergraduates in more than 100 fields, graduate programs including the M.F.A., M.B.A., M.A., M.S., Ed.S., Psy.D., M.S.W., and specialized doctoral programs in health-related professions. It is classified among "Doctoral/Professional Universities".
Sunshine rail disaster
The Sunshine rail disaster occurred on 20 April 1908 at the junction at Sunshine railway station (in Sunshine, Victoria, Australia) when a Melbourne-bound train from Bendigo collided with the rear of a train from Ballarat. 44 people were killed and over 400 injured, almost all of them from the Ballarat train, as the Bendigo train was cushioned by its two locomotives.

A temporary mortuary was set up at Melbourne's Spencer Street Station to deal with the dead and wounded, who were transported from Sunshine by special relief trains. The disaster is Victoria's worst railway accident in terms of deaths, and is Australia's second-worst after the 1977 Granville rail disaster.

The subsequent coronial inquiry found that the two drivers of the Bendigo train as well as the Sunshine stationmaster had a manslaughter case to answer, although all three were later acquitted by the Supreme Court of Victoria.

Train driver
A train driver is a person who operates a train, railcar, or other rail transport vehicle. The driver is in charge of and is responsible for the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all of the train handling (also known as brake handling). Train drivers must follow certain guidelines for driving a train safely.
Chapleau River
The Chapleau River is a river in Algoma District and Sudbury District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin, begins at Chapleau Lake and is the main tributary of Kapuskasing Lake.

Sudbury District
The Sudbury District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1894 from townships of eastern Algoma District and west Nipissing District. In 1973, the Regional Municipality of Sudbury was created as a separate jurisdiction out of the district.

The overwhelming majority of the district (about 92%) is unincorporated and part of Unorganized North Sudbury District. With the exception of Chapleau, all of the district's incorporated municipalities are found in the area immediately surrounding the city of Greater Sudbury to the west, east and south. North of the Greater Sudbury area, the district is sparsely populated; between Sudbury and Chapleau, only unincorporated settlements, ghost towns and small First Nations reserves are found.
Agrumatue
Agrumatue is a river in the Upper East Region, Ghana. It flows between the cities Bolgatanga and Zuarungu and is also the border between the Bolgatanga Municipal District and the Bolgatanga East District. The river is crossed by N11 road.

During the dry season the river is dry. However near Bolgatanga there is a dam which holds back some water. Due to this dam agricultural activities are even possible during the dry season.

N11 road (Ghana)
The N11 or National Highway 11 is a national highway in Ghana that begins at Bolgatanga in the Upper East Region (N10) and runs east to Bawku, where it intersects with the N2. The N11 is 110.8 km long.
Kulaszne
Kulaszne [kuˈlaʂnɛ] (Lemko: Куляшне) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

The Kulaszne church was built in 1912 as a Greek Catholic place of worship (cerkiew). It burned down in 1974 and a Roman Catholic church was built over the foundations.

Lemko dialect
Lemko dialect (Ukrainian: Лемківський говір) or West Carpathian dialect (Ukrainian: Західнокарпатський говір) is a dialect spoken by Lemko people of the Carpathians in the border region of Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland. It is classified as part of Southwestern dialects of Ukrainian language, part of Rusyn language, or a separate language. Lemko dialect is spoken in an area bordered by Boyko and Transcarpathian dialects in the east, Slovak language in the southwest and Polish language in the north. An enclave populated by Lemko speakers is also located in Polish ethnic territory between the towns of Strzyżów and Krosno. After the Second World War many Lemkos were forcibly resettled to other regions of Poland and Ukraine, which resulted in further geographic spread of the dialect.
Phrynocephalus guttatus
Phrynocephalus guttatus, also known commonly as the spotted toadhead agama, the Saissan toad-headed agama, the Central Asian toadhead agama, and Salensky's toadhead agama, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is native to southeastern Europe and western Asia. There are five recognized subspecies.

Agamidae
Agamidae is a family containing 582 species in 64 genera of iguanian lizards indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few locations in Southern Europe. Many species are commonly called dragons or dragon lizards.
George Anania
George Anania (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdʒe̯ordʒe anaˈni.a]; July 14, 1941 – April 5, 2013) was a Romanian science-fiction writer and translator.

Born in Măgurele, Ilfov County, he graduated from the University of Bucharest in 1964.

Colecția de Povestiri Științifico-Fantastice
Colecția de Povestiri Științifico-Fantastice (Romanian pronunciation: [koˈlekt͡si.a de povesˈtirʲ ʃti.inˈt͡sifiko fanˈtastit͡ʃe], "The Science Fiction Stories Collection", commonly CPSF) is a Romanian science fiction supplement, founded by writer Adrian Rogoz and published by the popular science weekly Ştiinţă şi Tehnică. It was one of the leading venues for the Romanian science fiction genre under the communist regime. The first series was published between October 1, 1955, and April 1974; the review was reestablished in 1990, after the 1989 Revolution, originally as a common venture with the Anticipația almanac (itself in print from 1982 to 1999). In 2012–2015 was published as a standalone magazine by Editura Nemira.
2024 Abierto Tampico
The 2024 Abierto Tampico was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and a 2024 WTA 125 tournament. It took place at the Centro Libanés Mexicano de Tampico in Tampico, Mexico, between 21 and 26 October 2024.

Alina Korneeva
Alina Aleksandrovna Korneeva (Russian: Алина Александровна Корнеева, born 23 June 2007) is a Russian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 128, achieved on 26 February 2024 and a best doubles ranking of No. 223, reached on 18 August 2025.

In 2023, Korneeva won two major girls' singles titles, at the Australian Open and the French Open, and reached world No. 1 in the ITF junior combined ranking.