hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balcom
Balcom is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruce Balcom, Canadian scientist

Eric Balcom (1910–1989), businessman and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada

Henry Balcom (1804–1882), shipbuilder and political figure in Nova Scotia

Homer G. Balcom (1870–1938), American structural engineer

Lannie Balcom (1941–1991), stage name for Linda K. Balcom, an American model, actress and Playboy Playmate of the Month

Samuel Rosborough Balcom (1888–1981), Canadian politician, businessman and pharmacist

Henry Balcom
Henry Balcom (October 20, 1804 – July 14, 1882) was a shipbuilder and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1863 to 1871 first as a Reformer and then as a member of the Anti-Confederation Party.

He was the son of Jonas Balcom and Mary Chase. He was married twice: first to Honore Farrell and then to a Mary Quillan. Balcom served as a justice of the peace for Halifax County from 1863 to 1873. He first lived in Salmon River, but later moved to Halifax. He died at Salmon River in Halifax County.
Paraliliaspis
Paraliliaspis egregia is an extinct cyathaspidiform heterostracan agnathan from early Devonian marine strata of the Ural Mountains.

Paraliliaspis was, at various times, placed in the families Cyathaspididae, and Anglaspididae.  Currently, it is placed in Ariaspidae with Ariaspis, and Listraspis, and is considered to be closely related to the similar-looking Liliaspis, which is also from Early Devonian Ural marine strata.  Anglaspis is considered the ancestor or sister-taxon of both Liliaspis and P. egregia.

Heterostraci
Heterostraci (Ancient Greek, ἕτερος+ὄστρακον "those [with] a different shell" [-i is pl. of -us]) is an extinct subclass of pteraspidomorph, ostracoderm, jawless vertebrate that lived primarily in marine and estuary environments. Heterostraci existed from the mid-Ordovician to the conclusion of the Devonian.
Rebecca Newman
Rebecca Newman (born 1981) is an English soprano singer and songwriter. She came to prominence in the UK music scene in September 2014 when her debut chart album Dare to Dream went to number 1 in the Official UK Classical Artists Album Chart.

Dubbed 'The People's Soprano' by her fans, colleagues and the media, and following several years as an operatic street performer, she has sung with Aled Jones, Russell Watson, Alfie Boe, Blake, and Joseph Calleja and appeared on UK national television and radio.

Blake (band)
Blake are a British vocal group. Blake comprises three men whose friendship and musical careers date back to their schooldays. After reuniting via Facebook as adults, they recorded their first album in six months. That album, Blake, went straight to number one on the UK Classical Album Chart and into the top twenty album chart. Their career took off with a series of highlights, some of which are recorded below.
ISO 3166-2:WS
ISO 3166-2:WS is the entry for Samoa in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

The abbreviation is derived from Western Samoa, the country's former name until 1997.

Currently for Samoa, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 11 districts.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is WS, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Samoa. The second part is two letters.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
Bustan Sbeih
Bustan Sbeih (Arabic: بستان صبيح)  is a Syrian village located in Uqayribat Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Bustan Sbeih had a population of 214 in the 2004 census.

Salamiyah District
Salamiyah (Arabic: سلمية Salamīya) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 187,123. Its administrative district is the city of Salamiyah.
Dave Schultz (ice hockey)
David William Schultz (born October 14, 1949) is a Canadian businessman and former professional ice hockey coach and player. As a player, he was a two-time Stanley Cup winner with the Philadelphia Flyers.

Nicknamed "the Hammer", Schultz is renowned as one of hockey's best enforcers and holds the NHL record for most penalty minutes in a single season, at 472. Schultz was born in Waldheim, Saskatchewan, but grew up in Rosetown, Saskatchewan.

Rosetown, Saskatchewan
Rosetown is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, at the junction of provincial Highway 7 and Highway 4, approximately 115 kilometres southwest of Saskatoon. The town's motto, "The Heart of the Wheat Belt", reflects its history of being a farming community. It is within the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews No. 287.

Rosetown is represented federally by the electoral district of Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek and provincialy by the electoral district of Rosetown-Elrose. Rosetown belongs to census division 12 for enumeration purposes.

Rosetown won the 2004 Provincial Communities in Bloom.
Taj Mahal Travellers
The Taj Mahal Travellers (also given variously as Taj Mahal Travelers, Taj-Mahal Travellers, etc.) were a Japanese experimental music ensemble founded in 1969 by former Group Ongaku leader and Fluxus member Takehisa Kosugi. The rest of the group were several years younger than Kosugi, and were all inspired by the spirit of the day. They chose mainly to perform their music outdoors, often on beaches and hilltops, creating spontaneously improvised drones (compare with Dronology), often using standard musical instruments, albeit in unconventional ways (e.g., a bowed double bass placed flat on its back). The group's sound was heavily reliant on electronic processing, particularly delay effects.

Delay (audio effect)
Delay is an audio signal processing technique that records an input signal to a storage medium and then plays it back after a period of time. When the delayed playback is mixed with the live audio, it creates an echo-like effect, whereby the original audio is heard followed by the delayed audio. The delayed signal may be played back multiple times, or fed back into the recording, to create the sound of a repeating, decaying echo.

Delay effects range from a subtle echo effect to a pronounced blending of previous sounds with new sounds. Delay effects can be created using tape loops, an approach developed in the 1940s and 1950s and used by artists including Elvis Presley and Buddy Holly.

Analog effects units were introduced in the 1970s; digital effects pedals in 1984; and audio plug-in software in the 2000s.
Blahut–Arimoto algorithm
The term Blahut–Arimoto algorithm is often used to refer to a class of algorithms for computing numerically either the information theoretic capacity of a channel, the rate-distortion function of a source or a source encoding (i.e. compression to remove the redundancy). They are iterative algorithms that eventually converge to one of the maxima of the optimization problem that is associated with these information theoretic concepts.

Optimization problem
In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete:

An optimization problem with discrete variables is known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such as an integer, permutation or graph must be found from a countable set.

A problem with continuous variables is known as a continuous optimization, in which an optimal value from a continuous function must be found. They can include constrained problems and multimodal problems.
1912 Birthday Honours
The 1912 Birthday Honours were appointments in the British Empire of King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published on 11 June 1912.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Imperial Service Troops
The Imperial Service Troops, officially called the Indian States Forces after 1920, were auxiliary forces raised by the princely states of the Indian Empire which were deployed alongside the Indian Army when their service was required. The Imperial Service Troops were inaugurated in 1888 by the Viceroy of India. At the beginning of the 20th century, their total numbers were about 18,000 men.

The troops were routinely inspected by British officers and generally had the same equipment as soldiers in the Indian Army.  Although their numbers were relatively small, the Imperial Service Troops were employed in China and British Somaliland in the first decade of the 20th century, and later saw action in the First World War and Second World War.
Mosstodloch
Mosstodloch (Scottish Gaelic: Mos Tudlach) is a small village in Moray, Scotland, lying near the A96 between Fochabers and Elgin on the west bank of the River Spey.

The village was served by Balnacoul Halt railway station from 1893 to 1931.

Moray
Moray (/ˈmʌri/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Moireibh or Moireabh) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with a coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. Its council is based in Elgin, the area's largest town. The main towns are generally in the north of the area on the coastal plain. The south of the area is more sparsely populated and mountainous, including part of the Cairngorms National Park.

The council area is named after the historic county of Moray (called Elginshire prior to 1919), which was in turn named after the medieval Province of Moray, each of which covered different areas to the modern council area. The modern area of Moray was created in 1975 as a lower-tier district within the Grampian Region. The Moray district became a single-tier council area in 1996.
Hock (anatomy)
The hock, tarsus or uncommonly gambrel, is the region formed by the tarsal bones connecting the tibia and metatarsus of a digitigrade or unguligrade quadrupedal mammal, such as a horse, cat, or dog.   This joint may include articulations between tarsal bones and the fibula in some species (such as cats), while in others the fibula has been greatly reduced and is only found as a vestigial remnant fused to the distal portion of the tibia (as in horses). It is the anatomical homologue of the ankle of the human foot.  While homologous joints occur in other tetrapods, the term is generally restricted to mammals, particularly long-legged domesticated species.

Tibia
The tibia (/ˈtɪbiə/; pl.: tibiae /ˈtɪbii/ or tibias), also known as the shinbone, shankbone or simply the shin, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute tibia. It is the second largest bone in the human body, after the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body.
The Sun Will Find Us
The Sun Will Find Us is the second album by Canadian singer-songwriter Kate Maki, released in 2004. The album was released independently with distribution by Outside Music.

Guest musicians on the album include Nathan Lawr, Dale Murray, Ruth Minnikin and Ryan Bishops.

The song "To Get Across" was featured in the 2007 film Weirdsville, and in a 2013 episode of the television series Hard Rock Medical.

The album won the Album of the Year award at the Northern Ontario Music and Film Awards in 2005.

Hard Rock Medical
Hard Rock Medical is a Canadian medical drama television series which aired on TVOntario (TVO) from 2013 to 2018. It was the first original drama series for TVO, the public television network for Ontario. The series also aired nationally in Canada on APTN beginning in 2014. The series ended after a five-season run in 2018.

The series was filmed in Sudbury and North Bay, Ontario, and revolves around a group of medical students attending the fictional Boréal Medical School, loosely based on the real-life Northern Ontario School of Medicine.

Internationally, the series also aired on Australia's National Indigenous Television (a channel operated by the Australian Special Broadcasting Service) as of 2014.
Orthopraxy
In the study of religion, orthopraxy is correct conduct, both ethical and liturgical, as opposed to faith or grace. Orthopraxy is in contrast with orthodoxy, which emphasizes correct belief. The word is a neoclassical compound—ὀρθοπραξία (orthopraxia) meaning 'right practice'.

While orthodoxies make use of codified beliefs –  in the form of creeds –  and ritualism more narrowly centers on the strict adherence to prescribed rites or rituals, orthopraxy is focused on issues of family, cultural integrity, the transmission of tradition, sacrificial offerings, concerns of purity, ethical system, and the enforcement thereof.

In Hinduism, orthopraxy and ritualism are often interconnected. Judaism and Christianity are also considered both religions and orthopraxies, as they guide adherents in both practice and belief.

Ritual purification
Ritual purification is a ritual prescribed by a religion through which a person is considered to be freed of uncleanliness, especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. Ritual uncleanliness is not identical with ordinary physical impurity, such as dirt stains; nevertheless, body fluids are generally considered ritually unclean.

Most of these rituals existed long before the germ theory of disease, and figure prominently from the earliest known religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Some writers connect the rituals to taboos.

Some have described a 'dimension of purity' that is universal in religions that seeks to move humans away from disgust (at one extreme), to uplift them towards purity and divinity (at the other extreme), away from uncleanliness to purity, and away from deviant to moral behavior (within one's cultural context).
Al-Rawda, North Sinai
Al-Rawda (Arabic: الروضة) is a village in the markaz of Bir al-Abed, in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt. It is a center of the Jaririya Sufi order, with the majority of the population following it (though that might have changed with recent migration), and of the Sawarka tribe. The Al-Rawda mosque and its zawiya was established in the winter of 1953-1954 by Eid Abu Jarir, and it was expanded and a minaret added in about 1990.

In 2016, it had a population of 2,111, according to the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. However, the village has been heavily affected by the Sinai insurgency, first taking in displaced persons fleeing Sheikh Zuweid and Rafah, and then losing 22% of its male population in the 2017 Sinai mosque attack.

The major local industries are a salt factory processing materials from nearby coastal salt works  in Zaranik Protectorate on a sabkha of Lake Bardawil, and also agriculture.

Eid Abu Jarir
Eid Abu Jarir (Arabic: عيد أبو جرير; 1910–1971) was a Sufi shaykh who founded the eponymous Jaririya Sufi order in Sinai, Egypt. Alongside his teacher Abu Ahmed al-Ghazawi, who founded the Alawi-Ahmadi tariqah, he is considered one of the founders of Sufism in the Sinai Peninsula.  He was a member of the Jarir clan of the al-Sawarka tribe. The main three Sufi lodges he established, starting in the winter of 1953-1954, are the Sa’ud lodge in Sharqia, the Arab lodge in Ismailia, and the Rawdah lodge in North Sinai, the last of which was attacked in the 2017 Sinai mosque attack.  He was part of the Sinai Mujahideen, which fought against Israel alongside the Egyptian military in the 1967 to 1970 War of Attrition. He was driven out of North Sinai in the 1960s, and lived the rest of his life and has his tomb in Sa'ed, El Husseiniya, near Cairo. Under law number 118 for the year 1976, his Jariri order is officially registered by the Egyptian government.
Niedringhaus
Niedringhaus is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anja Niedringhaus (1965–2014), German photojournalist

Frederick G. Niedringhaus (1837–1922), American businessman and politician

Henry F. Niedringhaus (1864–1941), American politician

Anja Niedringhaus
Anja Niedringhaus (German pronunciation: [ˈanja ˈniːdʁɪŋˌhaʊs]; 12 October 1965 – 4 April 2014) was a German photojournalist who worked for the Associated Press (AP). She was the only woman on a team of 11 AP photographers that won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography for coverage of the Iraq War. That same year she was awarded the International Women's Media Foundation's Courage in Journalism prize.

Niedringhaus had covered Afghanistan for several years before she was killed on 4 April 2014, while covering the presidential election, after an Afghan policeman opened fire at the car she was waiting in at a checkpoint, part of an election convoy.
Volvo ÖV 4
The Volvo ÖV 4 was the first car built by Volvo. The designation ÖV 4 stands for "Öppen Vagn 4 cylindrar" in Swedish, which means Open Carriage, 4 cylinders. The model ÖV 4 has later often been referred to as "Jakob" but that was just a name for one of the 10 pre-series ÖV 4 that was ready on 25 July 1926, Jakob's name day. All 10 prototypes were assembled in Stockholm at the company AB Galco, Hälsingegatan 41 where Gustaf Larson worked at that time. Only one of the 10 pre-series cars manufactured during 1926 was saved for posterity and is housed at the Volvo Museum in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Name day
In Christianity, a name day is a tradition in many countries of Europe and the Americas, as well as Christian communities elsewhere. It consists of celebrating a day of the year that is associated with one's baptismal name, which is normatively that of a biblical character or other saint. Where they are popular, individuals celebrate both their name day and their birthday in a given year.

The custom originated with the Christian calendar of saints: believers named after a saint would celebrate that saint's feast day. Within Christianity, name days have greater resonance in areas where the Christian denominations of Catholicism, Lutheranism and Orthodoxy predominate.

In some countries, however, name-day celebrations do not have a connection to explicitly Christian traditions.
Peace–industrial complex
In political science, political economics, and peace and conflict studies, referring to the military–industrial complex, the peace–industrial complex defines the industry and economy derived from development, peacemaking, peacebuilding, and conflict resolution at both the domestic and foreign levels. While some scholars (Seiberling 1972) argue that the peace–industrial complex must oppose the military-industrial complex, others (Aberkane 2012) argue it is destined to become its natural, peaceful evolution, and further call it the "military-industrial complex 2.0". The latter argue the peace-industrial complex more precisely consists of turning military research and development into civilian technology as systematically as possible. Although it has been discussed in more recent times the concept was introduced as early as in 1969 by the U.S. Senate Committee on Government Operations.

Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective negotiation. Dimensions of resolution typically parallel the dimensions of conflict in the way the conflict is processed. Cognitive resolution is the way disputants understand and view the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings and attitudes. Emotional resolution is in the way disputants feel about a conflict, the emotional energy. Behavioral resolution is reflective of how the disputants act, their behavior. Ultimately a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including negotiation, mediation, mediation-arbitration, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
Mitt hjärta blöder
"Mitt hjärta blöder" (Swedish for "My heart bleeds") is a single by Swedish singer Veronica Maggio, from her third studio album Satan i gatan. It was released in Sweden as a digital download on 25 January 2012. The song peaked at number 5 on the Swedish Singles Chart.

Veronica Maggio
Veronica Sandra Karin Maggio (born 15 March 1981) is a Swedish singer and songwriter.

Born to an Italian father and a Swedish mother, Maggio was raised in Uppsala. After studying music and being the lead member of a band, Maggio released her debut single, "Dumpa mig" in 2006 under Universal Music. Her debut album, Vatten och bröd (2006), proved to be commercial success and resulted in Maggio winning a Grammis for "Årets nykomling" (Newcomer of the Year).

Since her debut, Maggio has released five more albums under Universal, with four of them topping the charts in Sweden. Additionally, 26 of her songs have become top-20 hits in Sweden. She has had three number one hits in Europe with "Måndagsbarn" (2008) in Norway and "Jag kommer" (2011) and "Hornstullsstrand" (2019) in Sweden. Outside of her solo releases, she has written songs for other artists, including "Hey Brother" (2013) for Avicii, and working with Maja Francis in 2015.
Billy Kinsley
William Ellis Kinsley (born 28 November 1946) is an English musician who was lead vocalist and bassist with the Merseybeats until 1966 (although he temporarily left the band to form the Kinsleys). The group disbanded in January 1966 to resurface as the Merseys duo. They recorded the McCoys' song "Sorrow" (also covered by David Bowie on his 1973 cover album, Pin Ups) with the band before embarking on a solo career, where he recorded "Bye Bye Baby" (not to be confused with a Four Seasons track of a similar title), a typical Merseybeat tune, followed by the singles "Annabella," and "You Make My Day."

Duet
A duet (Italian: duo or duetto) is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is a "piano duet" or "piano four hands". A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is a "piano duo".

"Duet" is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet.

A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called a trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.