hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Downgrade attack
A downgrade attack, also called a bidding-down attack, or version rollback attack, is a form of cryptographic attack on a computer system or communications protocol that makes it abandon a high-quality mode of operation (e.g. an encrypted connection) in favor of an older, lower-quality mode of operation (e.g. cleartext) that is typically provided for backward compatibility with older systems. An example of such a flaw was found in OpenSSL that allowed the attacker to negotiate the use of a lower version of TLS between the client and server. This is one of the most common types of downgrade attacks. Opportunistic encryption protocols such as STARTTLS are generally vulnerable to downgrade attacks, as they, by design, fall back to unencrypted communication.  Websites which rely on redirects from unencrypted HTTP to encrypted HTTPS can also be vulnerable to downgrade attacks (e.g., sslstrip), as the initial redirect is not protected by encryption.

OpenSSL
OpenSSL is a software library for applications that provide secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping, and identify the party at the other end. It is widely used by Internet servers, including the majority of HTTPS websites.

OpenSSL contains an open-source implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols.  The core library, written in the C programming language, implements basic cryptographic functions and provides various utility functions. Wrappers allowing the use of the OpenSSL library in a variety of computer languages are available.

The OpenSSL Software Foundation (OSF) represents the OpenSSL project in most legal capacities including contributor license agreements, managing donations, and so on. OpenSSL Software Services (OSS) also represents the OpenSSL project for support contracts.

OpenSSL is available for most Unix-like operating systems (including Linux, macOS, and BSD), Microsoft Windows and OpenVMS.
Aurélia Arandi-Longpré
Aurélia Arandi-Longpré is a Canadian actress from Montreal, Quebec. She is most noted for her performance in the 2024 film Who by Fire (Comme le feu), for which she received a Prix Iris nomination for Revelation of the Year at the 27th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2025.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Francisco Pinto Magalhães
Francisco Pinto Magalhães (born Lisbon, 5 November 1986) is a Portuguese rugby union player. He plays as a scrum-half.

He plays for CDUL at the Campeonato Português de Rugby.

He has 45 caps for Portugal, since his debut at the 31-3 loss to Georgia, at 2 February 2008, in Tbilisi, for the Six Nations B. He has scored 4 tries, 20 points on aggregate. He was a regular player for the "Lobos", and their captain. His most recent cap was at the 25-21 loss to Brazil, at 10 June 2017, in Pacaembu, in a tour. He has been absent from the national team since then.

Campeonato Português de Rugby
The Campeonato Nacional de Rugby Divisão de Honra (more commonly known as the Divisão de Honra) is Portugal's top level professional men's rugby union competition. The Divisão de Honra Championships are organised by the Federação Portuguesa de Rugby (Portuguese Rugby Federation) and currently consists of 12 teams. The last placed team in the competition is relegated at the end of the season to the Campeonato Nacional de Rugby I Divisão (Portugal's second level of men's rugby union) with one team from the second-tier competition promoting to the Divisão de Honra.
Magrane, Algeria
Magrane (Arabic: ﻣﻘﺮن) is a town and commune, and capital of Magrane District, in El Oued Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 24,577, up from 20,102 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.1%.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
1908 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1908 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 3, 1908. All contemporary 46 states were part of the 1908 United States presidential election. State voters chose 27 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Illinois was won by the Republican nominees, former Secretary of War William Howard Taft of Ohio and his running mate James S. Sherman of New York. They defeated the Democratic nominees, former representative William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska and his running with John W. Kern, a former Indiana state senator. Taft won the state by a margin of 15.51%.

In this election, Illinois voted 6.97% to the right of the nation at-large.

Bryan had previously lost Illinois to William McKinley in both 1896 and 1900.

Indiana Senate
The Indiana State Senate is the upper house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The Senate is composed of 50 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. Senators serve four-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, the average state senator represents 129,676 people.

The Senate convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, Indiana.
2012 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles
Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but this year they decided not to participate. 
Americans James Blake and Sam Querrey won the tournament defeating Treat Conrad Huey and Dominic Inglot in the final by a score of 7–6(16–14), 6–4.

Bob Bryan
Robert Charles Bryan (born April 29, 1978) is an American former professional tennis player. Widely regarded as one of the greatest doubles tennis players of all time, Bryan was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's doubles for 438 weeks (second-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 eight times. Bryan won 126 ATP Tour-level doubles titles, including 23 majors: 16 in men's doubles and seven in mixed doubles. Alongside his twin brother Mike, the Bryan brothers were one of the most successful doubles partnerships in tennis history. The pair were named the ATP Team of the Decade for the 2000s. They became the second men's doubles team to complete the career Golden Slam at the 2012 London Olympics.

The Bryan brothers retired from the sport together in August 2020. In 2025, they were inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
The Blue Hour (1971 film)
The Blue Hour is a 1971 American independent exploitation film directed by Serge Goncharoff.The film, a production of the company Grads Corps. was long thought lost before its rerelease on DVD in 2013. It stars Mary Beth Hughes.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.
Coat of arms of Nova Scotia
The coat of arms of Nova Scotia is the heraldic symbol representing the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It is the oldest provincial achievement of arms in Canada, and the oldest Scottish coat of arms in use outside Scotland. It is blazoned as follows: Argent, a saltire azure charged with an escutcheon of the Royal Arms of Scotland.

The arms were originally granted in 1625 by King Charles I for the first Scottish colony in the Americas. The arms are also borne as a heraldic badge by the Baronets of Nova Scotia, a chivalric order of Scotland and then, from 1707, Great Britain.

They fell out of use when Nova Scotia joined the Confederation in 1867, but were restored in 1929 by royal warrant of King George V.

Achievement (heraldry)
In heraldry, an achievement, armorial achievement or heraldic achievement (historical: hatchment) is a full display or depiction of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled. An achievement comprises not only the arms displayed on the escutcheon, the central element, but also the following elements surrounding it (from top to bottom):

Slogan or war-cry, if possessed

Mantle and pavilion

Crest placed atop a:

Torse (or cap of maintenance as a special honour)

Mantling

Helm of appropriate variety; if holder of higher rank than a baronet, issuing from a:

Coronet or crown (not used by baronets), of  appropriate variety.

Console (decorative or aesthetic in purpose, and not officially part of the armorial grant)

Supporters (if the bearer is entitled to them, generally in modern usage not baronets), which may stand on a compartment

Motto, if possessed

Order, if possessed

Badge, if possessed
Bombardment of Mogador
The Bombardment of Mogador took place August 15–17, 1844, when French Navy forces under the Prince de Joinville attacked the Moroccan city of Mogador, modern Essaouira, and the island facing the city, Mogador island. The campaign was part of the Franco-Moroccan War.

Thomas Robert Bugeaud
Thomas Robert Bugeaud, marquis de la Piconnerie, duc d'Isly (15 October 1784 – 10 June 1849) was a Marshal of France and Governor-General of Algeria during the French colonization. Born an aristocrat, he has a complex legacy, serving as a soldier during the Napoleonic wars, focusing on agriculture during Bourbon rule, then serving the July monarchy in Algeria during which he achieved undoubted military success, also utilised extreme violence and caused outrage at the time.
Plowden, Shropshire
Plowden is a hamlet in the parish of Lydbury North, Shropshire, England. It is in the valley of the River Onny and lies 3 miles east of Bishop's Castle. Plowden was one of the stations on the Bishops Castle Railway, which closed in 1935.

Plowden Hall is a grade II* listed building, being a timber-framed building dating in part from about 1300, and is described in the novel John Inglesant by Joseph Henry Shorthouse, who drew the place as Lydiard. Its owners, the Plowden family, remained Roman Catholics after the Reformation and there is a Roman Catholic church of St Walburga in Plowden.  When Edwin Plowden was awarded a life peerage in 1959 he took the title of Baron Plowden of Plowden in the county of Salop. GWR Hall class locomotive 4956 was named after the hall.

Thomas Falkner, Jesuit missionary and explorer in South America, spent his last years as chaplain at Plowden Hall until his death there in 1784.

Bishops Castle Railway
The Bishop's Castle Railway was a railway company that constructed a railway line in Shropshire, from near Craven Arms to Bishop's Castle. It opened in 1866 but was continuously short of money, and was unable to complete its originally-planned route, nor to provide more than the most basic level of equipment. It closed due to bankruptcy in 1935.
Love Island Australia season 1
The first season of Love Island Australia began airing on 27 May 2018 9Go! and 9Now presented by Sophie Monk and narrated by Eoghan McDermott. The final aired on 5 July 2018, with Grant Crapp and Tayla Damir winning and sharing the $50,000 prize money. Eden Dally and Erin Barnett finished as runners up.

9Go!
9Go! is an Australian free-to-air digital television multichannel, which was launched by the Nine Network on 9 August 2009, replacing Nine Guide. It is a youthful channel that offers a mix of comedy, reality, general entertainment, movies, animation and drama aimed at people between the ages of 2 and 18.
Stunt Dawgs
Stunt Dawgs is a 1992–1993 animated comedic adventure series. Based on the 1978 film Hooper, the series was produced by Rainforest Entertainment and Franklin/Waterman 2 and co-executive produced by Jeff Franklin, best known for creating Full House.

A one-shot comic adaptation released by Harvey Comics in March 1993 was written by Michael Gallagher and drawn by Nelson Dewey, who worked from scripts and model sheets from the series.

Jeff Franklin
Jeffrey Steven Franklin (born January 21, 1955) is an American screenwriter, director and producer. He is best known for being the creator of the ABC sitcom Full House and its Netflix sequel Fuller House.
Triel-sur-Seine
Triel-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [tʁijɛl syʁ sɛn], literally Triel on Seine) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is positioned approximately 11 km (6.8 mi) to the north-west of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.

The city is known for the "Fête du Flan", literally Flan Party, which takes place every last weekend of September on the banks of the Seine. This is a garage sale. The bakeries of the city have on this occasion several stands on which it is possible to consume flan. The city entered the Guinness Book in 1995 for having made the largest flan in the world (5.10 m in diameter).

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
John Arnott (politician)
John Arnott (1871 – 20 February 1942) was a British politician.

Born in Kincardine-on-Forth, Arnott worked as a blacksmith.  He became involved in the trade union movement studied at Ruskin College.  He also became active in the Independent Labour Party and was elected to Leeds City Council.  He led the Labour group on the council from 1917 to 1920, and again from 1922 until 1925.

The ILP was affiliated to the Labour Party, and at the 1918 general election, Arnott stood for it in Leeds West, but was not elected. He then stood in Kingston upon Hull South West repeatedly, losing in 1922, 1923 and 1924.  In 1925, he was chosen as Lord Mayor of Leeds.  He finally won the Hull South West seat at the 1929 general election, and although his candidacy was sponsored by the ILP, he was no longer playing any part in the party, leading him to leave it when it disaffiliated from the Labour Party.

Arnott lost his seat at the 1931 general election, and failed to win it back in 1935.

Leeds City Council
Leeds City Council is the local authority of the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. Leeds has had a council since 1626, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 it has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the second most populous local government district in the United Kingdom with approximately 800,000 inhabitants living within its area; only Birmingham City Council has more. Since 1 April 2014, it has been a constituent council of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2011. It meets at Leeds Civic Hall and has its main offices at Merrion House.
Initial Point (Oklahoma)
Initial Point, on the boundary of Garvin County, Oklahoma and Murray County, Oklahoma, about 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west of Davis, Oklahoma, is a historic surveying initial point which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

It includes one contributing object, a sandstone marker monument approximately 54x18x18 in dimension.  It was set "in a mound of stones six feet in diameter and three feet high, from which flagstaff at Fort Arbuckle bears north seven degrees, thirty-seven minutes west."

Initial Point, or the "Point of Beginning," was established by United States General Land Office surveyors in 1870.  From this point all land in Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory, and later the State of Oklahoma except for its Panhandle, was surveyed and described. It is considered one of the notable initial points in the United States.

At the time of its establishment, Initial Point was located in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation.

Murray County, Oklahoma
Murray County is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,904. The county seat is Sulphur. The county was named for William H. Murray, a member and president of the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention and later a Governor of Oklahoma.
Lindell Beach, British Columbia
Lindell Beach is a rural farming village in the Columbia Valley of the Lower Mainland region of the province of British Columbia, Canada, lying south of the City of Chilliwack.  It is located at the south end of Cultus Lake which is the main waterbody in the Columbia Valley in the South Fraser Valley, and just north of the boundary of the United States.

From 2014 to 2019 the area has seen a significant increase in population due to several gated community developments.

Lower Mainland
The Lower Mainland is a geographic and cultural region of the mainland coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia that generally comprises the regional districts of Metro Vancouver and the Fraser Valley. Home to approximately 3.05 million people as of the 2021 Canadian census, the Lower Mainland contains sixteen of the province's 30 most populous municipalities and approximately 60% of the province's total population.

The region was historically occupied by the Sto:lo, a Halkomelem-speaking people of the Coast Salish linguistic and cultural grouping.
2021 Egedal municipal election
In 2017, Karsten Søndergaard from Venstre would secure the party's 3rd consecutive term holding the mayor's position in the municipality.

In this election, a new local party called Lokallisten Ny Egedal would see great success. They would manage to win 4 seats, and become the third largest party. As no bloc had a majority, they could become decisive in deciding who'd become the next mayor. At first, it sounded as Karsten Søndergaard could continue as mayor. However, the Conservatives decided that they could see more influence if they made a constitutional agreement having Vicky Holst Rasmussen from the Social Democrats as the new mayor. Therefore, the Social Democrats would be able to hold the mayor's position in the municipality for the first time.

2017 Danish local elections
Local elections were held on 21 November 2017 for Denmark's 98 municipal councils and five regional councils. All 2,432 seats were contested for the 2018–21 term of office, together with 205 seats (a fixed number of 41 seats in each council) in five regional councils. In the previous election, there were 2,444 seats in the municipal councils.
Hubbleton, Wisconsin
Hubbleton is an unincorporated community located in the town of Milford, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, United States. The community was named for Levi Hubbell, a Wisconsin circuit court judge and politician.

Levi Hubbell
Levi Hubbell (April 15, 1808 – December 8, 1876) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician.  He was the first Wisconsin state official to be impeached by the Wisconsin State Assembly in his role as Wisconsin circuit court judge for the 2nd circuit.  He was also Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court prior to the 1852 law which organized a separate Supreme Court, and he later became the first United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin.  He served one term each in the Wisconsin State Assembly and New York State Assembly.
Waleswood Colliery
Waleswood Colliery was a coal mine located between Swallownest and Wales Bar, near Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The colliery was adjacent to the Rotherham to Clowne road and the main line of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway about 2 miles east of Woodhouse.

The first shaft was sunk in the 1860s when the colliery was owned by Skinner and Holford Limited. In 1947, the colliery and its associated by-product plant passed to the National Coal Board, the colliery being closed the following year. As the collieries in the area became interconnected, it was retained as a pumping station. The coke ovens and by-products plant closed in 1962.

Many of the colliery buildings have been retained and now form the basis of an industrial estate.

Woodhouse railway station
Woodhouse railway station serves Woodhouse and Woodhouse Mill in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The station is 5.25 miles (8 km) east of Sheffield station on the Sheffield to Lincoln Line.

The next station east was Waleswood, until its closure in 1955, and is now Kiveton Bridge. The next station west is Darnall. Beighton railway station, originally adjacent to the junction with the Midland Railway, but rebuilt by the MS&LR when it began work on its "Derbyshire Lines", was until 1954 the next station south.

Woodhouse Mill, Orgreave and Fence were served by a station on the North Midland Railway named Woodhouse Mill.

From 1955 until removal in 1981, the Barnsley Junction-Rotherwood segment of the Manchester – Sheffield – Wath electrification terminated slightly west of the Woodhouse station platforms, within sight of the station.
Totontepec Villa de Morelos
Totontepec Villa de Morelos (Totontepec Mixe: Anyukojm) is a town and municipality, in the Sierra Mixe district of the Mexican state of Oaxaca.  It is located 1,840 meters above sea level and 146 kilometers from the state capital, Oaxaca de Juárez. The toponym "Totontepec" is of Nahuatl origin, meaning "hot hill". In the local dialect of Mixe the town is called Anyukojm, meaning "place of thunder."

Sierra Mixe
The Sierra Mixe or Mixes District is a district in the east of the Sierra Norte Region of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It comprises 17 municipalities and covers 4,930 square kilometers (1,900 square miles) at an average elevation of 1,200 meters (3,900 feet) above sea level. 
As of 2020 the district had a total population of 112,447.
The main food crops are maize and beans, while permanent crops include coffee, lemon and oranges.

Most of the inhabitants are of indigenous Mixe ethnicity, and the Mixe languages are spoken throughout the region. The western part of the region is high Sierra, with climate ranging to temperate to cold with strong winds and seasons of daily and constant rains and storms, this changes to the Mixe media territories; of lower mountain ranges but still a very abrupt and rough terrain, with daily rain, ranging from tropical to mist forests to pine-encine, but the more eastern parts are the tropical lowlands of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Verkhnesolonovsky
Verkhnesolonovsky (Russian: Верхнесолоновский) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Verkhnesolonovskoye Rural Settlement, Surovikinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 770 as of 2010. There are 16 streets.

Surovikinsky District
Surovikinsky District (Russian: Сурови́кинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Surovikinsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,870 square kilometers (1,490 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Surovikino. Population: 37,104 (2010 Census); 38,956 (2002 Census); 38,256 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Surovikino accounts for 55.3% of the district's total population.