hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deborah Knox Livingston
Deborah Knox Livingston (née, Knox; 1876–1923) was a Scottish-born American lecturer associated with temperance and suffrage movements. She spent much of her life in service to the National and World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), as well as the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), Federation of Women's Clubs, League of Women Voters, and World League Against Alcoholism (WLAA). In Maine, she served as the chair of the state's Suffrage Campaign Committee, while in Rhode Island, she was President of the state's WCTU. In addition to the textbook, Studies in Government (1921), Livingston was the author of several treatises and articles.

YWCA USA
YWCA USA is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and the American division of the YWCA. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and focuses on women's empowerment. The organization additionally aims for the promotion of peace, justice, freedom, and dignity.

In 2024, the organization had $16.4 million in revenue, $19 million in expenses (of which $2.1 million was for executive compensation) and $79.8 million in assets. YWCA USA employed 54 staff and had 19 volunteers in 2023.
Gerd Gruber
Gerd Gruber (born April 27, 1982 in Graz) is an Austrian ice hockey defenceman currently playing for EHC Black Wings Linz in the Erste Bank Hockey League.

Gruber began his career in 1998, playing for his hometown team.  He spent a total of seven seasons with the Graz 99ers before moving to the Vienna Capitals in 2005.  He signed for Linz in 2006.

Graz 99ers
The Moser Medical Graz99ers are an Austrian professional ice hockey team from Graz, Styria. The club was founded in 1999 after the previous club, EHC Graz, folded prior to the 1998–99 season due to financial difficulties. The Graz99ers started in the 1999–2000 season in the Austrian National League, Austria's second division, where they were crowned instant champions. Since the 2000–01 season they have been playing in the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL).
28th Utah Territorial Legislature
The 28th Utah Territorial Legislature met in 1888. The regular election for the Territorial Council and the House of Representatives was held August 1, 1887. Earlier in the year, the Edmunds-Tucker Act had further overhauled elections in the territory, disenfranchising women voters (most of whom were Mormon) and requiring that men registering to vote take an oath that they would obey anti-bigamy laws (in particular, the earlier Edmunds Act of 1882). The territory was also reapportioned into new electoral districts.

Edmunds–Tucker Act
The Edmunds–Tucker Act of 1887 was an Act of Congress that restricted some practices of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and disincorporated the LDS Church. An amendment to the earlier Edmunds Act, it was passed in response to the dispute between the United States Congress and the LDS Church regarding polygamy. The act was found at 48 U.S.C. § 1480, with the full text of the law published at 24 Stat. 635. In 1978, the act was repealed by Public Law 95-584, the full text of which was published at 92 Stat. 2483.

The act was named after its congressional sponsors, Senator George F. Edmunds of Vermont and Representative John Randolph Tucker of Virginia.
Nasser Al-Shamrani
Nasser Al-Shamrani (Arabic: ناصر الشمراني; born 23 November 1983) is a Saudi Arabian former footballer who played for the Saudi Arabia national team as a forward. Often considered one of the most versatile, effective Saudi Arabian strikers of all time, he won the Asian Footballer of the Year award in 2014.

King's Cup (Saudi Arabia)
The King's Cup, officially titled The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques' Cup, is the Saudi Arabian football knockout cup competition.

The King's Cup is the second-oldest knockout competition in Saudi Arabian football, following the now-defunct Crown Prince Cup.
Ivory Island
Ivory Island Lightstation is located 14 miles northwest of Bella Bella on the junction of Seaforth Channel and Milbanke Sound on the Inside Passage of British Columbia.

From 1937 to 1955, the Ivory Island lightstation was part of the British Columbia Shore Station Oceanographic Program, collecting coastal water temperature and salinity measurements for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans everyday for 18 years.

Inside Passage
The Inside Passage (French: Passage Intérieur) is a coastal route for ships and boats along a network of passages which weave through the islands on the Pacific Northwest coast of the North American Fjordland. The route extends from southeastern Alaska in the United States, through western British Columbia in Canada, to northwestern Washington state in the United States. Ships using the route can avoid some of the bad weather in the open ocean and may visit some of the many isolated communities along the route. The Inside Passage is heavily travelled by cruise ships, freighters, tugs with tows, fishing craft, pleasure craft, and ships of the Alaska Marine Highway, BC Ferries, and Washington State Ferries systems. Coast Guard vessels of both Canada and the United States patrol and transit in the Passage.

In Academic publishing, Inside Passage refers to the broader network of waterways, fjords, and islands, rather than just as a navigational route.
Sikonge
Sikonge is a town and ward in Sikonge District, Tabora Region, Tanzania, East Africa.  It is the administrative seat of Sikonge District. As of 2002, the ward had a population of 24,917.

The town of Sikonge falls into two main areas, the mission area and the shops. The Moravian Church (Christians) build their church and their mission adjacent to the town, but the area grew with the addition of schools, a hospital and a nursing college, as well as dwellings. On the shops side is where the Arab traders had their traditional market (bazaar), their warehouses and dwellings. On the shops side there is a government secondary school, a bank, the courts, and a Roman Catholic church.

Tabora Region
Tabora Region  (Mkoa wa Tabora in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions located in mid-western part of Tanzania. The regional capital is the municipality of Tabora. Tabora  is bordered by Shinyanga to the north, Singida to the east, Mbeya and Songwe to the south. lastly, Katavi, Kigoma and Geita, border Tabora to the west. Tabora is by far the largest region in Tanzania by area. Most of the population in the region is concentrated in the north in Nzega district. According to the 2022 national census, Tabora Region had a population of 3,391,679.
Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form when dissolved in water), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form when dissolved in water), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli. It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG).

Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the most common small motifs formed are based on interactions with serine: ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices).

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Grimké
Grimké is a surname. Notable people with the surname include John Faucheraud Grimké of South Carolina and six of his descendants:

John Faucheraud Grimké (1752–1819)

Sarah Moore Grimké (1792–1873)

Angelina Emily Grimké (1805–1879)

Charlotte Forten Grimké (1837–1914))

Archibald Henry Grimké (1849–1930)

Francis James Grimké (1852–1937)

Angelina Weld Grimké (1880–1958)

Grimké sisters, Sarah Moore Grimké and Angelina Emily Grimké jointly

Grimké sisters
The Grimké sisters, Sarah Moore Grimké (1792–1873) and Angelina Emily Grimké (1805–1879), were American writers, educators, and public speakers, best known for their advocacy of abolitionism and women's rights.

Among the first American-born women to engage in public speaking tours, the sisters advocated through speech and writing for the civil rights of African Americans and civil rights for women, emphasizing the interconnectedness of these struggles. Sarah Grimké's pamphlet, The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women, has been called "the first serious discussion of women's rights by an American woman."

The sisters grew up in a slave-owning family in South Carolina and became part of Philadelphia's substantial Quaker society in their twenties. The sisters, along with Angelina's husband, Theodore Dwight Weld, founded a private school in 1848 on their farm in Belleville, New Jersey.
Tsotsin-Yurt operation
The Tsotsin-Yurt operation was a zachistka-type (Russian: зачистка) operation by Russian Spetsnaz forces in Tsotsin-Yurt, Chechnya, from December 30, 2001 to January 3, 2002, during the Second Chechen War. The four-day sweep of Tsotsin-Yurt erupted into armed clashes with Chechen separatists, ending in a stalemate with disputed casualty figures. Russian forces were accused of widespread human rights violations, including pillaging, ethnic cleansing and forced disappearances.

Tie (draw)
A draw or tie occurs in a competitive sport when the results are identical or inconclusive. Ties or draws are possible in some, but not all, sports and games. Such an outcome, sometimes referred to as deadlock, can also occur in other areas of life such as politics, business, and wherever there are different factions regarding an issue.
Certosa di Bologna
The Certosa di Bologna is a former Carthusian monastery (or charterhouse) in Bologna, northern Italy, which was founded in 1334 and suppressed in 1797. In 1801 it became the city's Monumental Cemetery which would be much praised by Byron and others. In 1869 an Etruscan necropolis, which had been in use from the sixth to the third centuries BC, was discovered here.

The Certosa is located just outside the walls of the city, near the Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, at the foot of the Monte della Guardia and the Sanctuary of the Madonna di San Luca.

Madonna di San Luca, Bologna
The Sanctuary of the Madonna of San Luca is a basilica church located in Bologna, northern Italy, situated atop the forested hill of Colle (or Monte) della Guardia, approximately 300 metres above the city plain, just southwest of the historical centre.

Although a modern road leads to the sanctuary, it is more traditionally accessed via a 3.8 km-long monumental portico consisting of 666 arches, constructed between 1674 and 1793. This covered arcade, part of the Porticoes of Bologna UNESCO World Heritage Site, was originally designed to shelter the annual procession of the sacred icon of the Virgin Mary from the cathedral in central Bologna to the sanctuary. Many of the arches were originally sponsored by prominent families, and some included icons or small chapels.
Deaths in January 2007
The following is a list of notable deaths in January 2007.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Harry Horse
Richard Horne (9 May 1960, Coventry – c.10 January 2007, Papil, West Burra), better known by the pen name Harry Horse, was a British author, illustrator and political cartoonist. He was also known as lead singer of the band Swamptrash. Born and raised in Coventry, Warwickshire, he moved to Edinburgh in 1978, where he adopted his pen name.
Antoine Louis Marie de Gramont, 8th Duke of Gramont
Antoine Louis Marie de Gramont, 8th Duke of Gramont (17 August 1755 – 28 August 1836), was the 8th Duke of Gramont, he was also Prince of Bidache. Antoine served as a French military officer, diplomat and parliamentarian.

Bidache
Bidache (French pronunciation: [bydaʃ]; Occitan: Bidaishe; Basque: Bidaxune) is a town and commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department of south western France. Between 1570 and 1793 it was the centre of the sovereign Principality of Bidache.
Bersaniani
Bersaniani referred to the followers of Pier Luigi Bersani, a former secretary of the Democratic Party, a political party in Italy.

The Bersaniani, who were formerly affiliated with the Dalemiani (the followers of Massimo D'Alema), represented traditional social democracy within the party and have their power base in the "red" regions, mainly Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany. Since his election as secretary, Bersani gained autonomy from D'Alema, but they are still close allies. Bersani's main supporters include Maurizio Migliavacca, Virginio Merola, Vasco Errani, Enrico Rossi, Nicola Zingaretti, Stefano Fassina, Andrea Orlando and Matteo Orfini.

Central Italy
Central Italy (Italian: Italia centrale or Centro Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region with code ITI, and a European Parliament constituency. As of 2025, it has over 11 million inhabitants.
Project V150
Operation V150, where 150 refers to a target speed in metres per second, was a series of high-speed trials carried out on the LGV Est.  The V150 was a specially configured TGV high-speed train (weighing only 265 tonnes (292 tons)) notable for breaking the world railway speed record on 3 April 2007.  The train was built in France and reached a speed of 574.8 kilometres per hour (357.2 mph; 159.7 m/s) on an unopened section of the LGV Est between Strasbourg and Paris, in France  topping the previous record of 515.3 kilometres per hour (320.2 mph; 143.1 m/s) set in 1990.

Metre per second
The metre per second  is the unit of both speed (a scalar quantity) and velocity (a vector quantity, which has direction and magnitude) in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the speed of a body covering a distance of one metre in a time of one second. As the base unit for speed in the SI, it is commonly used in physics, mechanics, and engineering contexts. It represents both scalar speed and vector velocity, depending on context. According to the definition of metre, 1 m/s is exactly ⁠1/299792458⁠ of the speed of light.

The SI unit symbols are m/s, m·s−1, m s−1, or ⁠m/s⁠.
Gong Hyo-jin filmography
Gong Hyo-jin (born April 4, 1980) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her leading role in the film Crush and Blush (2008), as well as for her popular television series Sang Doo! Let's Go to School (2003), Thank You (2007), Pasta (2010), The Greatest Love (2011), Master's Sun (2013), It's Okay, That's Love (2014), The Producers (2015), Don't Dare to Dream (2016), and When the Camellia Blooms (2019). She is considered to be the queen of romantic comedies due to her successful portrayals in her rom-com dramas.

Thank You (TV series)
Thank You (Korean: 고맙습니다; RR: Gomapseumnida) is a 2007 South Korean television series starring Jang Hyuk, Gong Hyo-jin, Seo Shin-ae, Shin Sung-rok and Shin Goo. It aired on MBC from March 21 to May 10, 2007 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

The drama was actor Jang Hyuk's successful comeback after his mandatory military service and draft-dodging scandal. He gained the empathy of viewers after portraying a self-centered doctor whose life changes when he meets a single mother and her HIV-positive daughter.
Scosthrop Manor
Scosthrop Manor is a historic building in Scosthrop, a building in North Yorkshire, in England.

The manor house was built in 1603, with the porch added in 1686.  It was restored by Miss Garnett-Orme in 1905, and was grade II listed in 1958.  In 1971, the Hall family purchased the house and gradually restored it.  In 2017, it was marketed for sale for £975,000, at which time it had six bedrooms, a reception hall, living/dining room, kitchen, sitting room, butler's pantry, and cloakroom.  The garden had a ha-ha with views to Malham Cove.

The house is built of stone, with a stone slate roof, two storeys and five bays. On the front is a two-storey porch with a coped gable, shaped kneelers, and ball finials. The doorway has moulded jambs, over which is an initialled datestone and a hood mould, and above is a stepped mullioned and transomed window. Elsewhere, the windows are mullioned with casements.

Malham Cove
Malham Cove is a large curved limestone formation 0.6 miles (1 km) north of the village of Malham, North Yorkshire, England. It was formed by a waterfall carrying meltwater from glaciers at the end of the last Ice Age more than 12,000 years ago. Today it is a well-known beauty spot and rock climbing crag within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. A large limestone pavement lies above the cove.
Taekwondo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 49 kg
The women's 49 kg  competition in taekwondo at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place on August 26 at the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex.

Chen Shih-hsin collected one of Chinese Taipei's first ever Olympic gold medals at these Games in the event, after handily defeating Cuba's Yanelis Labrada in the final with a score of 5–4. Meanwhile, Thai fighter Yaowapa Boorapolchai picked up a bronze medal after edging Colombia's Gladys Mora 2–1 in a tight repechage match.

Chen Shih-hsin
Chen Shih-hsin (Chinese: 陳詩欣; pinyin: Chén Shīxīn; born 16 November 1978) is the first Taiwanese athlete to win a gold medal at the Olympics.  She won the gold medal in the women's 49-kilogram category in taekwondo at the 2004 Summer Olympics on August 26.

Chen was recognized as one of the Taiwanese Ten Outstanding Young Persons in 2001. Currently, she is an associate professor at University of Taipei.

Chen is of Taiwanese Aboriginal descent, with her mother being a member of the Atayal tribe.
Viktors Arājs
Viktors Arājs (13 January 1910 – 13 January 1988) was a Latvian/Baltic German collaborator and Nazi SS SD officer who took part in the Holocaust during the German occupation of Latvia and Belarus as the leader of the Arajs Kommando, a collaborationist unit. The Arajs Kommando murdered about half of Latvia's Jews.

Latvian Land Forces
The Latvian Land Forces (Latvian: Sauszemes spēki, SzS) together with the Latvian National Guard form the land warfare branch of the Latvian National Armed Forces. From 2007 to 2024, the Land Forces were organized as a fully professional standing army until the re-introduction of conscription.
Dromineer
Dromineer (Irish: Drom Inbhir/Druim Inbhir, meaning 'ridge of the river mouth') is a small village and townland in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is on the shores of Lough Derg, 8 km north-west of Nenagh (10 km by road) on the R495 road. It is also a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower. Historic documents describe the places as "Dromynnyre"; the earliest form of the name dating from 1302 was Dromynwyr.

Sport Ireland
Sport Ireland (Irish: Spórt Éireann), formerly the Irish Sports Council, is a statutory authority that oversees, and partly funds, the development of sport within the Republic of Ireland. It is located at the National Sports Campus in the townland of Sheephill near Abbotstown House in Dublin.

Sport Ireland was established in July 1999 under powers provided by the Irish Sports Council Act. Its remit is to plan, lead and co-ordinate the sustainable development of competitive and recreational sport in Ireland.

Sport Ireland comprises eight major divisions including: Finance, High Performance, Local Sports Partnerships, National Governing Bodies, the Anti-Doping Unit, Corporate Services,  the National Trails Office, and the Irish Institute of Sport.

Sport Ireland is member of the European Platform for Sport Innovation.
Lindela Ndlovu
Lindela Rowland Ndlovu (died 18 November 2015) was a Zimbabwean biochemist and Vice-Chancellor of the National University of Science and Technology. He was also a founding member of the Zimbabwe Academy of Science and served as the Honorary President of the South African Academy of Animal Science.

He served as a Professor of Animal Science at the University of Limpopo in South Africa, and for nine years was Dean of Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Zimbabwe. He spent several decades in the United States studying animal science. Ndlovu earned his PhD degree in 1985 at the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada.

In 1995, Ndlovu helped initiate a research project with J. D. Reed from the University of Wisconsin into the ecological biochemistry of proanthocyanidins. In 2007, he was the recipient of the Gold Medal for Research from the South African Academy for Animal Science.

Proanthocyanidin
Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols found in many plants, such as cranberry, blueberry, and grape seeds.  Chemically, they are oligomeric flavonoids. Many are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin and their gallic acid esters. More complex polyphenols, having the same polymeric building block, form the group of condensed tannins.

Proanthocyanidins were discovered in 1947 by Jacques Masquelier, who developed and patented techniques for the extraction of oligomeric proanthocyanidins from pine bark and grape seeds. Proanthocyanidins are under preliminary research for the potential to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by consuming cranberries, grape seeds or red wine.
Qatari–Abu Dhabi War
The Qatari–Abu Dhabi War was a series of territorial disputes and military conflicts between Qatar, led by Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, and the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, under Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan. From 1881 to 1893, tensions were escalated through a series of raids and counter-raids between the two emirates. The first conflicts between the two occurred in 1881, during the battles of Baynunah, Suwaihan and Al-Marsaf.

The Battle of Khannour, which occurred on Abu Dhabi territory from January to February 1889, saw the climax of the war, with hundreds of reported casualties. The conflict ended in 1893 following British mediation.

Al Bidda
Al Bidda (Arabic: البدع) is a neighborhood of Doha, Qatar. During the 19th century it was the largest town in Qatar, before Doha, an offshoot of Al Bidda, grew in prominence. Al Bidda was incorporated as a district in the Doha municipality in the late 20th century.

Qatar's Amiri Diwan has been based in Al Bidda since 1915, after being converted from an abandoned Ottoman fort.
Anger Denial Acceptance
Anger Denial Acceptance is the fourth studio album by American metal band Spineshank. It was released on June 19, 2012, through Century Media Records. This album marked the return of Spineshank after a hiatus.

Spineshank
Spineshank is an American nu metal / industrial metal band from Los Angeles. The band have released four studio albums: Strictly Diesel (1998), The Height of Callousness (2000), Self-Destructive Pattern (2003), and Anger Denial Acceptance (2012).