hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Zheng
Jim Jian-Ping Zheng is an electrical engineer and professor with expertise in energy systems.

Zheng is a SUNY Empire Innovation Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University at Buffalo,  Before moving to SUNY-Buffalo, he was the Sprint Eminent Scholar Chair in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Florida State University. and a researcher at the Army Research Laboratory.

A researcher on the design, manufacture and uses nanomaterials in the energy area, Zheng holds the patent on a buckypaper polymer fuel cell production technique that is licensed to Bing Energy.

Zheng was elected to the National Academy of Inventors in 2015. In 2024 he was named as a Fellow of the IEEE "for his contributions to energy storage technologies".

Buckypaper
Buckypaper is a thin sheet made from an aggregate of carbon nanotubes or carbon nanotube grid paper. The nanotubes are approximately 50,000 times thinner than a human hair. Originally, it was fabricated as a way to handle carbon nanotubes, but it is also being studied and developed into applications by several research groups, showing promise as vehicle armor, personal armor, and next-generation electronics and displays.
Maffra Secondary College
Maffra Secondary College is a Year 7 to Year 12 government secondary college situated in the Gippsland town of Maffra, Victoria. It has around 700 students enrolled from Year 7 to 12, and takes in students from Maffra and surrounding towns, including Boisdale, Newry, Stratford, Heyfield, Valencia Creek, Briagolong and Cowwarr.

The school logo is a painting of the local banksia species Banksia canei with the words "Maffra Secondary College" encircled around it. The Banksia canei was named after a long-time school councillor Bill Cane, who was a local botanist.

Valencia Creek, Victoria
Valencia Creek is a locality in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia on the Valencia Creek-Briagolong Road, north of Maffra in the Shire of Wellington. The junction of Valencia Creek and the Avon River are a short distance upstream.  The foothills of the Great Dividing Range start immediately north of Valencia Creek, while dairy farms lie to the south along the Avon River flats to Boisdale.

Valencia Creek Post Office opened on 23 July 1895, closed next year, reopened in 1900 and closed again in 1974.

The town centre comprises a fire station, hall and church (no longer doing services), and the former Post office. The local school was consolidated with a number of other surrounding schools to form Boisdale Consolidated School #6207.
Büyükdere, Sarıyer
Büyükdere is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 8,586 (2022). It is situated on the European shore of the Bosphorus strait about 2 km (1.2 mi) southwest of Sarıyer. Its name means 'big stream' in Turkish, in reference to the river that used to flow into the Bosphorus here.

A 14-kilometre-long (8.7 mi) major road, Büyükdere Avenue, starts south of Büyükdere, and runs inland as far as  Şişli.

In the 19th century Büyükdere, like neighbouring Tarabya, was a popular summer retreat for members of Istanbul's foreign and diplomatic community and it still has several churches and embassy buildings dating back to that period. There was then a Büyükdere ferry terminal but although it has been restored it has not been put back into use (partly because of the road that was built in front of it on reclaimed land), meaning that most access to the neighbourhood is by bus along the coast road.

Şişli
Şişli (pronounced [ˈʃiʃli]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 10 km2, and its population is 276,528 (2022). Located on the European side of the city, it is bordered by Beşiktaş to the east, Sarıyer to the north, Eyüp and Kağıthane to the west, and Beyoğlu to the south. It is also the name of a specific area of Şişli district centered on the Sişli Mosque.
Juan José González Rivas
Juan José González Rivas (born 10 May 1951) is a Spanish jurist and magistrate. He served as President of the Spanish Constitutional Court from 2017 to 2021. He was member of this High Court from 2012 to 2021.

Constitutional Court of Spain
The Constitutional Court (Spanish: Tribunal Constitucional) is the supreme interpreter of the Spanish Constitution, with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes made by any public body, central, regional, or local in Spain. It is defined in Part IX (sections 159 through 165) of the Constitution of Spain, and further governed by Organic Laws 2/1979 (Law of the Constitutional Court of 3 October 1979), 8/1984, 4/1985, 6/1988, 7/1999 and 1/2000. The Court is the "supreme interpreter" of the Constitution, but since the Court is not a part of the Spanish Judiciary, the Supreme Court is the highest court for all judicial matters.
Olav Christopher Jenssen
Olav Christopher Jenssen (born 2 April 1954 in Sortland Municipality, Norway) is a Norwegian artist. Jenssen is considered one of the most acclaimed contemporary Norwegian artists, with a significant international career. He has lived and worked in Berlin for years. From 1996 to 2003 he was professor of painting at the Hochschule Fine Arts in Hamburg, and since 2007, he is professor of painting at the Hochschule Fine Arts in Braunschweig. In 1992, he was selected to exhibit at the prestigious exhibition documenta in Kassel, Germany.

He was festival exhibitor in Bergen in 2000, perhaps considered to be the most prestigious solo show in Norway for a Norwegian artist.  In 2015, Jenssen was appointed Knight 1st Class of the Order of St. Olav "for his contribution as an artist".

His series of paintings; "Lack of Memory" (1992) was named one the 12 most important Norwegian artworks, by Morgenbladet.

Documenta
Documenta (often stylized documenta) is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany.

documenta was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time. It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism. This first documenta featured many European artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent editions of the event feature artists based across the world, but much of the art is site-specific.

Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days". documenta is not a selling exhibition.
Autumn (play)
Autumn is a 1937 British play co-written by Margaret Kennedy and Gregory Ratoff. It was inspired by a 1915 play by the Russian writer Ilya Surguchev. After premiering at the Manchester Opera House, its initial West End run at St Martin's Theatre lasted for 161 performances between 15 October 1937 and 5 March 1938. The original cast included Wyndham Goldie, Flora Robson, Jack Hawkins and Victoria Hopper, while the future star Stewart Granger was an understudy. It was produced by the theatrical impresario Basil Dean.

In 1949 the play was adapted into film That Dangerous Age directed by Ratoff and starring Myrna Loy and Richard Greene.

Manchester Opera House
The Opera House in Quay Street, Manchester, England, is a 1,920-seater commercial touring theatre that plays host to touring musicals, ballet, concerts and a Christmas pantomime. It is a Grade II listed building and one of the main theatres in Manchester. The Opera House and its sister theatre the Palace Theatre on Oxford Street are operated by the same parent company, Ambassador Theatre Group.
Pegram Plantation House
The Pegram Plantation House, perhaps also known as Peagram Plantation House, is located in Lecompte, Louisiana, and was built around 1850.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 24, 2003.

It is a one-story Greek Revival-style galleried house.

Lecompte, Louisiana
Lecompte (/ləˈkaʊnt/ lə-KOWNT) is a town in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. 
Lecompte is situated along the banks of Bayou Boeuf in central Louisiana. US Highway 71, Louisiana’s major north-south route which connects Baton Rouge and Shreveport, runs through Lecompte.
Lecompte is named after the famous race horse called LeComte, which was named after horse breeder Ambrose LeComte. 
It is part of the Alexandria, Louisiana metropolitan area. The population was 1,227 in the 2010 and had dropped to 845 in the 2020 Census.
Tucker Cawley
Tucker Cawley is an American television comedy writer and producer, best known for writing episodes for Everybody Loves Raymond.  He has also written for Men of a Certain Age, Parks and Recreation, Up All Night, and the short-lived Kelsey Grammer sitcom Hank. He has won three Emmy Awards, including the 2003 Emmy for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series is an annual award presented as part of the Primetime Emmy Awards. It recognizes writing excellence in regular comedic series, most of which can generally be described as situation comedies. It was first presented in 1955 as Outstanding Written Comedy Material.
March 1988 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Thursday, March 3, 1988, with an umbral magnitude of −0.0016. It was a relatively rare total penumbral lunar eclipse, with the Moon passing entirely within the penumbral shadow without entering the darker umbral shadow. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2.2 days after apogee (on March 1, 1988, at 11:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Feliks Barański
Feliks Barański (1915-2006) was a Polish mathematician and an active member of the so-called Lwów School of Mathematics. Born May 1915 in Lwów, Austria-Hungary (modern Lviv, Ukraine), he joined the circle of young, talented mathematicians formed around Stefan Banach and Hugo Steinhaus. During the period of German occupation of his hometown he made his living as a lice feeder in the institute of Rudolf Weigl. Expelled from Lwow after the war, he settled in Kraków, where he joined the local Kraków University of Technology. He was also admitted into the Polish Mathematics Society.

Rudolf Weigl
Rudolf Stefan Jan Weigl (2 September 1883 – 11 August 1957) was a Polish biologist, physician and inventor, known for creating the first effective vaccine against epidemic typhus. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Medicine each year between 1930 and 1934, and from 1936 to 1939.

Weigl worked during the Holocaust to save the lives of countless Jews by developing the vaccine for typhus and providing shelter to protect those suffering under the Nazi Germans in occupied Poland. For his contributions, he was named a Righteous Among the Nations in 2003.
1974 Italian divorce referendum
An abrogative referendum on the divorce law was held in Italy on 12 May 1974. Voters were asked whether they wanted to repeal a government law passed three years earlier allowing divorce for the first time in modern Italian history (Law of 1 December 1970, no. 898). Those voting "yes" wanted to outlaw divorce as had been the case before the law came into effect, and those voting "no" wanted to retain the law and their newly gained right to divorce. The referendum was defeated by a margin of 59.26% to 40.74% on a voter turnout of 87.72% out of 37 million eligible voters, thus allowing the divorce law to remain in force.

This vote was the first of its kind in the country, being the first regular legislative referendum held by the Italian Republic 27 years after the Italian constitution, which allowed such referendums, was approved. It was considered a major victory for the civil rights and anti-clericalism movements, and for the Italian Radical Party.

Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism.

Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees.

Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America.
Lemlands IF
Lemlands Idrottsförening or Lemlands IF is a Finnish sports club situated in Lemland in Åland. The club is best known for its football section. Lemlands IF is competing in the Swedish Football Division 7. Wilhelm Ingves, a striker of the Finnish Premier Division outfit IFK Mariehamn, is a former youth player of Lemlands IF.

The women's football section of Lemlands IF merged with IF Finströms Kamraterna in 2004. New club Åland United has been playing in the Finnish top division Kansallainen Liiga since 2006. The most notable female footballer of Lemlands IF is Ing-Marie Holmberg, who represented Finland in 21 internationals during the 1990s.

Lemland
Lemland is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. Covering a land area of 113.21 km2 (43.71 sq mi), it had a population of 2,133 in 2025. The majority of Lemland's population speaks Swedish. The Lemström Canal, carved in 1882, separates Åland’s main island from the Lemland peninsula. Historically, the municipality has been an important maritime hub, given its strategic location in the Baltic Sea.
Selenodont
Selenodont teeth are the type of molars and premolars commonly found in ruminant herbivores.  They are characterized by low crowns, and crescent-shaped cusps when viewed from above (crown view).

The term comes from the Ancient Greek roots σελήνη (selḗnē, 'moon' or 'moonlike'), and ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odoús, odóntos, 'tooth'). They differ from human molars in that the occlusal surface is not covered in enamel; rather, the layers of enamel, dentine, and cementum are all exposed, with cementum in the middle, surrounded by a layer of enamel, then a layer of dentine, all wrapped in a second outer layer of enamel.

Viewed from the side, selenodont teeth form a series of triangular cusps. The combination of triangular profiles with ridges formed by the exposed layers makes the lateral chewing motion of ruminants an effective way to break-up tough vegetable matter.

Occlusion (dentistry)
Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between teeth.  More technically, it is the relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or at rest.

Static occlusion refers to contact between teeth when the jaw is closed and stationary, while dynamic occlusion refers to occlusal contacts made when the jaw is moving.

The masticatory system also involves the periodontium, the TMJ (and other skeletal components) and the neuromusculature, therefore the tooth contacts should not be looked at in isolation, but in relation to the overall masticatory system.
Duncan Canal (Louisiana)
The Duncan Canal, also known as the West Return Canal, is a canal in Louisiana, running along a sizable portion of the boundary between Jefferson Parish, Louisiana and St. Charles Parish, Louisiana. The primary purpose of the canal is drainage; a series of pumps and feeder canals feed a portion of the rain and ground water of the East Bank of Jefferson into the canal which drains it into Lake Pontchartrain. The city of Kenner, Louisiana is on the Jefferson, or eastern, side. For most of the canal's distance, the area on the St. Charles Parish side is undeveloped swamp. A levee topped with a concrete flood wall runs along the Jefferson side.

Flood wall
A floodwall is a freestanding, permanent, engineered structure designed to prevent encroachment of floodwaters. Floodwalls are mainly used on locations where space is scarce, such as cities or where building levees or dikes (dykes) would interfere with other interests, such as existing buildings, historical architecture or commercial use of embankments.

Floodwalls are nowadays mainly constructed from pre-fabricated concrete elements. Floodwalls often have coupures, which are large openings to provide passage of traffic except during periods of flooding, when they are closed. As a floodwalls mostly consist of relatively short elements compared to dikes, the connections between the elements are critical to prevent the failure of the floodwall.

The substantial costs of floodwalls can be justified by the value of commercial property thus protected from damage caused by flooding.
Floodwalls are sometimes bad for ecosystems. Floodwalls are almost always built in cities.
North Lawn
The North Lawn at the White House in Washington, D.C., is bordered on the north by Pennsylvania Avenue with a wide view of the mansion, and is screened by dense plantings on the east from East Executive Drive and the Treasury Building, and on the west from West Executive Drive and the Old Executive Office Building. Because it is bordered by Pennsylvania Avenue, the White House's official street address, the North Lawn is sometimes described as the front lawn.

Pennsylvania Avenue
Pennsylvania Avenue is a primarily diagonal street in Washington, D.C., that connects the United States Capitol with the White House and then crosses northwest Washington, D.C., to Georgetown. Traveling through southeast Washington from the Capitol, it enters Prince George's County, Maryland, and becomes MD Route 4 (MD 4) and then MD 717 in Upper Marlboro, and finally Stephanie Roper Highway.

The section of the avenue between the White House, which is sometimes referred to by its address "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue", and the Capitol forms the basis for the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site and is sometimes referred to as "America's Main Street"; it is the location of official parades and processions, and periodic protest marches. Pennsylvania Avenue is an important commuter road and is part of the National Highway System.
Ground Equipment Facility J-36A
Ground Equipment Facility J-36A (San Clemente Island Air Force Station until 1960) is a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) radar station of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS) in the Western Air Defense Sector (WADS) of NORAD.

Joint Surveillance System
The Joint Surveillance System (JSS) is a joint United States Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration system for the atmospheric air defense of North America.  It replaced the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system in 1983.
Splatter guard
A splatter guard (or spatter guard) is a device placed over a frying pan to prevent hot oil from spitting out of the pan, which often happens when pan frying at a high temperature. This has two main purposes: droplets of hot oil can cause dangerous burns if they land on the skin, and, if they land elsewhere, can cause stains. Splatter guards are generally circular, so as to fit the shape of a frying pan, and have a handle for ease of removal and safety. They are normally made of a fine metal mesh or a metal sheet with numerous small holes, to allow steam to exit the pan but not oil. Other designs exist, such as the cone-shaped silicone Frywall, which allows for stirring and flipping while the food cooks.

Handle
A handle is a part of, or an attachment to, an object that allows it to be grasped and manipulated by hand.  The design of each type of handle involves substantial ergonomic issues, even where these are dealt with intuitively or by following tradition. Handles for tools are an important part of their function, enabling the user to exploit the tools to maximum effect. Package handles allow for convenient carrying of packages.
Alexander Brown (Australian politician)
Alexander Brown (9 February 1851 – 28 March 1926) was an Australian politician.

Brown was born in Maitland, New South Wales and educated at Fraser's private school, West Maitland.  He married Mary Ellen Ribbands in August 1872 and they had three daughters and six sons.  He was trained as a solicitor, but did not practice.  He became a mine-owner pastoralist and businessman.

Brown was the member for Newcastle in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from February 1889 to June 1891, elected as a Protectionist.  In August 1892 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he remained until his death in East Maitland.  He was survived by his second wife, Edith Mary Adams, whom he married in March 1920, and five sons and three daughters from his first marriage.

Electoral district of Newcastle
Newcastle is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales named after and including Newcastle. It is represented since the 2014 Newcastle by-election by Tim Crakanthorp of the Australian Labor Party.
Lathyarcha
Lathyarcha is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1908. As of May 2019 it contains only three species: L. cinctipes, L. inornata, and L. tetrica. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Matachiinae (subfamily of Amaurobiidae) in 1967.

Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn lwi simɔ̃]; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species.
Scottish Workers' Representation Committee
Scottish Workers' Representation Committee was the parliamentary outfit of the Scottish Trades Union Congress from 1899 until 1909. It was known as the Scottish Workers Parliamentary Elections Committee until 1903. In contrast to the Labour Representation Committee (LRC) in England, SWRC was able to maintain organisational unity between different strands of ideological tendencies in Scotland, ranging from Marxist, Catholic and Fabian socialists.

Fabian Society
The Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/) is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.

As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has strongly influenced British politics. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.

Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of twenty socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.