hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crystal growth
Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a "seed" crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already present.

The action of crystal growth yields a crystalline solid whose atoms or molecules are close packed, with fixed positions in space relative to each other.
The crystalline state of matter is characterized by a distinct structural rigidity and very high resistance to deformation (i.e. changes of shape and/or volume). Most crystalline solids have high values both of Young's modulus and of the shear modulus of elasticity. This contrasts with most liquids or fluids, which have a low shear modulus, and typically exhibit the capacity for macroscopic viscous flow.

Monocrystalline whisker
A monocrystalline whisker is a filament of material that is structured as a single, defect-free crystal. Some typical whisker materials are graphite, alumina, iron, silicon carbide and silicon. Single-crystal whiskers of these (and some other) materials are known for having very high tensile strength (on the order of 10–20 GPa). Whiskers are used in some composites, but large-scale fabrication of defect-free whiskers is very difficult.

Prior to the discovery of carbon nanotubes, single-crystal whiskers had the highest tensile strength of any materials known, and were featured regularly in science fiction as materials for fabrication of space elevators, arcologies, and other large structures. Despite showing great promise for a range of applications, their usage has been hindered by concerns over their effects on health when inhaled.
Ellipsaria
Ellipsaria lineolata is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This is the sole species in the monotypic genus Ellipsaria. This species is native to the drainage systems of the Mississippi River, the Mobile River, the Tennessee River, and the Cumberland River in the United States. It exists in the midwestern United States, and has also been observed in the east coast and as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. The common name of Ellipsaria lineolata is the Butterfly Mussel.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Leinster Football Association
The Leinster Football Association (LFA) is the governing body for association football in the Irish province of Leinster. It is responsible for organizing the Leinster Senior Cup and the Leinster Senior League as well as numerous other leagues and cup competitions for junior and youth teams. It was founded in 1892 and is the oldest football association in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Outside of the United Kingdom, only the national football associations of Denmark and the Netherlands are older. It was originally affiliated to the Belfast–based Irish Football Association, but following the  partition of Ireland in 1921, it seceded from the IFA and subsequently played a leading role in the establishment of the Dublin–based Football Association of Ireland. It remains closely associated with the FAI and even shares a headquarters.

Provinces of Ireland
There are four provinces of Ireland: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster. The Irish word for this territorial division, cúige, meaning "fifth part", suggests that there were once five, and at times Meath has been considered to be the fifth province. In the medieval period, however, there were often more than five. The number of provinces and their delineation fluctuated until 1610, when they were permanently set by the administration of James I. The provinces of Ireland no longer serve administrative or political purposes but function as historical and cultural entities.
Dendrobium striolatum
Dendrobium striolatum, commonly known as streaked rock orchid is a species of orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small, usually lithophytic orchid with wiry stems, cylindrical leaves and flowering stems with one or two yellow, cream-coloured or greenish flowers with reddish stripes. It often grows on cliff faces in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
Raynham
Raynham is the name of multiple places

United States:

Raynham, Massachusetts
Raynham Center, Massachusetts

Raynham (New Haven, Connecticut), historic house

Raynham, North Carolina

United Kingdom:

Raynham, Norfolk
site of Raynham Hall

Raynham Hall
Raynham Hall is a country house in Norfolk, England. For nearly 400 years it has been the seat of the Townshend family. The hall gave its name to the five estate villages, known as The Raynhams, and is reported to be haunted, providing the scene for possibly the most famous ghost photo of all time, the famous Brown Lady descending the staircase. However, the ghost has been allegedly seen infrequently since the photo was taken. Its most famous resident was Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend (1674–1738), leader in the House of Lords.
Jon Poling
Jon Poling is an American physician currently practicing in Athens, Georgia where he has worked at Athens Neurological Associates since 2001. He has also worked at Athens Regional Medical Center as the medical director of their apheresis unit since 2002. His area of expertise is autoimmune neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and neuromuscular disorders such as neuropathy or Myasthenia Gravis. He is the father of Hannah Poling, who received an injury compensation from the VICP in 2008 because Hannah manifested encephalopathy after being vaccinated by MMR. Hannah had underlying mitochondrial disease, which exacerbated her symptoms.

Apheresis
Apheresis (ἀφαίρεσις (aphairesis, "a taking away")) is a medical technology in which the blood of a person is passed through an apparatus that separates one particular constituent and returns the remainder to the circulation.  It is thus an extracorporeal therapy.

One of the uses of apheresis is for collecting hematopoietic stem cells.
2017 Aragon motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2017 Aragon motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourteenth round of the 2017 MotoGP season. It was held at the MotorLand Aragón in Alcañiz on September 24, 2017. This was the 900th race to contribute to the Grand Prix motorcycle racing championship.

MotorLand Aragón
MotorLand Aragón (alternative Spanish name: Circuito de Alcañiz) is a 5.344 km (3.321 mi) race track used for motorsports located in Alcañiz, Spain.

The circuit was designed by German architect Hermann Tilke in conjunction with the British architectural business Foster and Partners. Formula One driver Pedro de la Rosa was a technical and sporting consultant on the project.

The facility has been designed to incorporate three main zones; a technology park, a sports area and a leisure and culture area. The technology park will feature research and educational institutes related to the motor industry, the sports area will include the racing circuit (with multiple layouts), a karting track and various gravel circuits, whilst the leisure and culture section will feature a hotel, business centre and shopping facilities.
Battle of Tolhuis
The Battle of Tolhuis or Crossing of the Rhine took place on 12 June 1672 during the Franco-Dutch War. The battle was fought between the army of Dutch Republic and the army of the French king Louis XIV.

Dutch States Army
The Dutch States Army (Dutch: Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672.
Lys-MDA
Lys-MDA, or lysine-MDA, also known as N-(L-lysinamidyl)-MDA, is an entactogen of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and MDxx families with entactogenic effects, which acts as a prodrug for MDA with a somewhat slower onset of effects and longer duration of action. Lys-MDA, along with the related derivative Lys-MDMA, are in early stage human clinical trials as potential treatments for treatment-resistant depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. New MDMA prodrugs are in the development phase at MiHKAL GmbH in Switzerland. A phase 1 clinical trial comparing MDMA, MDA, Lys-MDMA, and Lys-MDA has been completed as of August 2024. The trial results, which included pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic findings, was published in September 2025.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Yellow Island
Yellow Island, one of the San Juan Islands, is an 11-acre (4.5 ha) island, located south-west of Orcas Island, and north of Shaw Island, near Jones Island State Park, in San Juan County, Washington, United States. The island is home to a wide array of flora and fauna, including over 50 species of wildflowers, bald eagles, harbor seals, black oystercatchers, and harlequin ducks. The island was purchased in 1979 by The Nature Conservancy, and is administered as a nature preserve.

Harlequin duck
The harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) is a small sea duck. It takes its name from Harlequin (Italian Arlecchino, French Arlequin), a colourfully dressed character in Commedia dell'arte. The species name comes from the Latin word histrio, meaning "actor". Other names include painted duck, totem pole duck, rock duck, glacier duck, mountain duck, white-eyed diver, squeaker, lords and ladies and blue streak.
Ceroplesis quinquefasciata
Ceroplesis quinquefasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1792. It is known from Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Senegal, Togo, Tanzania, Zambia, and Uganda.

Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in the "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification.
Huraymila Club
Huraymila Club (Arabic: نادي حريملاء), previously known as Al-Shaeib FC, is a Saudi Arabian football club based in Huraymila, Riyadh and competes in the Saudi Second Division, the third tier of Saudi football. The club also consists of other departments including table tennis, volleyball and swimming. The club was founded in 1978 by Hamad Al-Qadeer.

Huraymila won their first promotion to the Saudi Second Division during the 2021–22 season after defeating Al-Qala 3–1 on aggregate in the promotion play-offs.

On 21 January 2026, the club changed its name to Huraymila Club.

2021–22 Saudi Third Division
The 2021–22 Saudi Third Division was the inaugural season of the Saudi Third Division, the newly introduced fourth tier of Saudi football. The season started on 28 October 2021 and concluded with the final on 19 March 2022. The group stage draw was held on 7 June 2021. The league was made up of 32 teams, 4 relegated teams from the 2020–21 Saudi Second Division and the 28 teams that qualified for the Round of 32 of the 2020–21 Saudi Third Division.

The final was played on 19 March 2022 between Al-Qous and Al-Suqoor. Al-Suqoor defeated Al-Qous 2–1 to become the inaugural champions.
1994–95 Liga Alef
The 1994–95 Liga Alef season saw Maccabi Acre and Hapoel Kfar Shalem promoted to Liga Artzit as the respective winners of the North and South division.

At the bottom, Hapoel Tirat HaCarmel (from North division), Hapoel Be'er Ya'akov and Hapoel Daliyat al-Karmel (from South division) were all relegated to Liga Bet, whilst Hapoel Tiberias (from North division) folded during the season.

Hapoel Kfar Shalem F.C.
Hapoel Kfar Shalem (Hebrew: הפועל כפר שלם) is an Israeli football club based in the Kfar Shalem neighbourhood of Tel Aviv. They are currently in Liga Leumit, and play home matches at Hatikva Neighborhood Stadium.
Six-string alto guitar
The six-string alto guitar or G guitar is a smaller version of the classical guitar, designed to be fitted with lighter strings and tuned a perfect fifth higher, to B-E-A-D-F♯/G♭-B.

Terz guitar (Terz meaning third) refers to either a small sized classical guitar or to the practice of tuning a standard guitar a minor third higher than standard guitar tuning (as though a capo were on the third fret of the guitar). The scale length is generally 530 mm (20.8 inches), though sometimes as long as 560 mm (22 inches). Mauro Giuliani and Caspar Joseph Mertz wrote extensively for the terz guitar as a complement to the prime (standard) guitar. Acceptable alternate spellings for terz include tierce, third, and tertz.

Strings makers now produce strings that allow terz guitar tuning on standard scale length guitars at normal string tension.

At the 2018 NAMM Show, Reverend Guitars launched an electric Terz guitar in production along with Billy Corgan.

Fret
A fret is any of the thin strips of material, usually metal wire, inserted laterally at specific positions along the neck or fretboard of a stringed instrument. Frets usually extend across the full width of the neck. On some historical instruments and non-European instruments, frets are made of pieces of string tied around the neck.

Frets divide the neck into fixed segments at intervals related to a musical framework. On instruments such as guitars, each fret represents one semitone in the standard western system, in which one octave is divided into twelve semitones.

Fret is often used as a verb, meaning simply "to press down the string behind a fret". Fretting often refers to the frets and/or their system of placement.
Avidyā (Hinduism)
Avidyā is a Sanskrit word that can translate as ignorance, misconceptions, misunderstandings, or incorrect knowledge; it is the opposite of Vidya. It is used extensively in Hindu texts, including the Upanishads, and in other Indian religions such as Buddhism and Jainism, particularly in the context of metaphysical reality.

Avidyā, in all Dharmic systems, represents fundamental ignorance and misperception of the phenomenal world. However, the Indian religions disagree on the details, for example with Hinduism considering a denial and misconceptions of Atman (soul, self) as a form of Avidya, and Buddhism considering the denial and misconceptions of An-atman (non-soul, non-self) as a form of Avidya.

Anattā
In Buddhism, the term anattā (Pali: 𑀅𑀦𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸) is the doctrine of "non-self" – that no unchanging, permanent self exists, and is the absence of essence in any phenomenon.  While often interpreted as a doctrine denying the existence of a self, anatman is more accurately described as a strategy to attain non-attachment by recognizing everything as impermanent, while staying silent on the ultimate existence of an unchanging essence. In contrast, dominant schools of Hinduism assert the existence of Ātman as pure awareness or witness-consciousness,  "reify[ing] consciousness as an eternal self".
Sony E 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 OSS
The Sony E 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 OSS is a variable maximum aperture superzoom lens for the Sony E-mount, released by Sony in 2010.

The lens was originally designed by Sony for their E-mount camcorders, but became exceedingly popular among users of their compact mirrorless E-mount cameras.

Sony NEX-5
The Sony α NEX-5 is a digital camera launched on 11 May 2010. It is a mirrorless interchangeable lens camera with the body size of a larger model fairly compact point-and-shoot camera with a larger sensor size (APS-C) comparable to that of some digital single-lens reflex cameras. Its major competitors in the market are the cameras based on the micro 4/3 standard created by Panasonic and Olympus, and a few low end Canon, Nikon, and even Sony α DSLRs. The NEX-5 shoots 14.2 megapixel stills and has a 7 frame/s continuous shotmode. It has the capability to shoot 1920×1080i at 60 frame/s in AVCHD or 1440×1080p at 30 frame/s in MPEG4. The NEX-5 was replaced by the 16 megapixel NEX-5N in August 2011.
Heider (surname)
Heider is a German surname. It may be a habitation name for someone living on a heath, or a reference to a place-name with similar ultimate meaning. It is a variation of Haider.
Notable people with the surname include:

Fritz Heider (1896–1988), Austrian psychologist

Karl G. Heider (born 1935), American anthropologist

Karl Heider (zoologist) (1856–1935), Austrian zoologist and embryologist

Lee Heider (born 1947), American politician

Marc Heider (born 1986), American-born German footballer

Matthias Heider (born 1966), German politician

Moriz Heider (1816–1866), Austrian dentist

Paul Heider (1868–1936), Grand Master of the Teutonic Order

Robert R. Heider (1928–2015), American politician

Wally Heider (1923–1989), American audio engineer

Fritz Heider
Fritz Heider (19 February 1896 – 2 January 1988) was an American/Austrian social psychologist whose work was related to the Gestalt school. In 1958 he published The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, which expanded upon his creations of balance theory and attribution theory. This book presents a wide-range analysis of the conceptual framework and the psychological processes that influence human social perception (Malle, 2008). It had taken 15 years to complete; before it was completed it had already circulated through a small group of social psychologists.
Gg bb xx
Gg bb xx (stylized in all lowercase) is the fourth studio album by American pop band LANY. Released on September 11, 2021 through Side Street Entertainment and Polydor Records, it serves as a follow-up to their third studio album, Mama's Boy (2020). It is the band's final album to feature keyboardist and guitarist Leslie Priest, who left the band the following year. The album was produced by Andrew Goldstein, John Ryan, and LANY.

The album was preceded by five singles. "Dancing in the Kitchen" was released as the lead single on June 25, 2021. A second single, "Up to Me", was released on July 15 along with a B-side, a demo of the album's fourth track "DNA". Two more promotional singles, "Never Mind, Let's Break Up" and "Roll Over, Baby", were each released in August while a music video for the song "Ex I Never Had" was released on September 2. In support of the album, LANY will embark on the gg bb xx Tour taking place in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada.

John Ryan (songwriter)
John Henry Ryan II (born August 19, 1987), also known as John the Blind is an American Grammy Award–winning songwriter, record producer, music publishing executive, and multi-instrumentalist. He is best known for his work across pop, country, and alternative music, with a catalog exceeding 30 billion global streams and over 30 million records sold.

Ryan has been a key creative contributor to major releases by artists including Sabrina Carpenter, Teddy Swims, One Direction, Thomas Rhett, Niall Horan, Olivia Dean, KATSEYE, John Legend, Rudimental, and others.
Stéphane Rossetto
Stéphane Rossetto (born 6 April 1987 in Melun) is a French former cyclist, who competed as a professional in 2010 and from 2013 to 2022. He is notable for his long range final stage win from 115 kilometres (71 miles) out in the 2018 Tour de Yorkshire which also gave him the Mountains classification. In July 2019, he was named in the startlist for the 2019 Tour de France. In October 2020, he was named in the startlist for the 2020 Giro d'Italia.

2018 Tour de Yorkshire
The 2018 Tour de Yorkshire was a four-day cycling stage race held in Yorkshire over 3–6 May 2018. It was the fourth edition of the Tour de Yorkshire, organised by Welcome to Yorkshire and the Amaury Sport Organisation. The 2018 TDY differed from its predecessor in that the event was extended to four days from three, with the women's event being extended to two days over the 3 and 4 May 2018.
Nevinson
Nevinson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

C. R. W. Nevinson (1889–1946), English painter, etcher and lithographer

Gennie Nevinson, Australian actress

George Nevinson (1882–1963), British water polo player

Henry Nevinson (1856–1941), British writer

Margaret Nevinson (1858–1932), British suffragist

Nancy Nevinson (1918–2012), English actress

John Nevison (1910–1987), English cricketer

Henry Nevinson
Henry Woodd Nevinson (11 October 1856 – 9 November 1941) was an English war correspondent during the Second Boer War and World War I, a campaigning journalist exposing slavery in western Africa, political commentator and suffragist.

He was born in 1856 in Leicester, the son of solicitor George Nevinson and his wife, Maria Jane, née Woodd.  Nevinson studied at Shrewsbury School and later at Christ Church, Oxford. At Oxford, he came under the influence of John Ruskin's ideas. He worked as a missionary at Toynbee Hall in London's East End. After this he spent some time in Jena studying German culture. The result of this was in 1884 Nevinson published his first book, Herder and his Times, one of the first studies of Johann Gottfried Herder in English. In the 1880s Nevinson became a socialist; he befriended Peter Kropotkin and Edward Carpenter, and in 1889 joined the Social Democratic Federation.
Fire (Yes, Yes Y'all)
"Fire (Yes, Yes Y'all)" (simply known as "Fire") is a song by American rapper Joe Budden featuring Busta Rhymes. Produced by Just Blaze, the song is the second single from Budden's 2003 eponymous debut album.

The song was featured in the film Mean Girls and the pilot episode of Entourage. Joe Budden had made a remix with Paul Cain and Fabolous which appeared on the latter's mixtape, "More Street Dreams, Pt. 2: The Mixtape".

More Street Dreams, Pt. 2: The Mixtape
More Street Dreams, Pt. 2: The Mixtape is the first official mixtape by American rapper Fabolous. It was released on November 4, 2003, through Elektra Records. The mixtape included a computer program that allowed listeners to remix one of the tracks. More Street Dreams debuted at number 28 on the Billboard 200 and number 9 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. As of November 2004, it had sold 159,000 copies.