hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Terreneuvian
The Terreneuvian or Early Cambrian is the lowermost and oldest series of the Cambrian geological system. Its base is defined by the first appearance datum of the trace fossil Treptichnus pedum around 538.8 million years ago. Its top is defined as the first appearance of trilobites in the stratigraphic record around 521 million years ago. This series' name was formally accepted by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in 2007.

The Fortunian stage and presently unnamed Cambrian Stage 2 are the stages within this series. The Terreneuvian corresponds to the pre-trilobitic Cambrian.

The name Terreneuvian is derived from Terre Neuve, the French name for the island of Newfoundland, Canada, where many rocks of this age are found, including the type section.

Stratotype
In geology, a stratotype or type section is the physical location or outcrop of a particular reference exposure of a stratigraphic sequence or stratigraphic boundary. If the stratigraphic unit is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

It can also be defined as "The particular sequence of strata chosen as standard of reference of a layered stratigraphic unit."

When a stratigraphic unit is nowhere fully exposed, the original type section may be supplemented with reference sections covering the full thickness of the unit. A reference section may also be defined when the original type section is poorly exposed, or for historical units which were designated without specifying a type section according to more modern standards.
Enrico Mario Santí
Enrico Mario Santí (born 1 July 1950) is a Cuban-American writer, poet, and scholar of Spanish American Literature known for his critical essays and annotated editions of Latin American classics, including works by Octavio Paz, Pablo Neruda, and Guillermo Cabrera Infante. A frequent political commentator and art critic, he is also a sculptor and voice actor. As a child, Santí emigrated from Cuba to the United States, where he has had an extensive career as a professor in several universities. Currently, he is a research professor at Claremont Graduate University, in Claremont, California.

Claremont Graduate University
The Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private postgraduate research university in Claremont, California, United States. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium which includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions of higher education.

The university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."
Georgia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
Georgia was set to be represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with the song "Take Me as I Am" written and performed by Tornike Kipiani, who was selected through the reality television show Georgian Idol, held by the Georgian broadcaster Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB). The competition resulted in the selection of four finalists for the final on 31 December 2019. The results of a public vote exclusively resulted in the selection of Tornike Kipiani as the winner. The song that Tornike Kipiani would perform, "Take Me as I Am", was presented to the public on 3 March 2020.

Georgia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 14 May 2020. However, the contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Facebook Messenger
Messenger (formerly known as Facebook Messenger) is an American proprietary instant messaging service developed by Meta Platforms, the company that operates Facebook. Originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008, the client application of Messenger is currently available on iOS and Android mobile platforms, Windows and macOS desktop platforms, through the Messenger.com web application, and on the standalone Facebook Portal hardware.

Messenger is used to send messages and exchange photos, videos, stickers, audio, and files, and also react to other users' messages and interact with bots. The service also supports voice and video calling. The standalone apps support using multiple accounts, conversations with end-to-end encryption, and playing games.

With a monthly userbase of over 1 billion people, it is among the largest social media platforms.
Rhynchostegium
Rhynchostegium is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate regions. The genus contains both aquatic and terrestrial species. The genus was named for their rostrate opercula. The type species of this genus is Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp.

Plant morphology
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants. Recent studies in molecular biology started to investigate the molecular processes involved in determining the conservation and diversification of plant morphologies. In these studies, transcriptome conservation patterns were found to mark crucial ontogenetic transitions during the plant life cycle which may result in evolutionary constraints limiting diversification.
Lindarängen
59°20′18.1″N 18°6′11.4″E﻿ / ﻿59.338361°N 18.103167°E﻿ / 59.338361; 18.103167

Lindarängen is a location outside Stockholm, Sweden.

During the 1912 Summer Olympics, it hosted the steeplechase trials for the equestrian eventing competition.

Between 1921 and 1952 Lindarängen also hosted Stockholm's water airport for seaplanes.

Equestrian events at the 1912 Summer Olympics
The equestrian program at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, included five medal events.  There were individual competitions in dressage, eventing, and show jumping. Team scores were also gathered and medals awarded for teams in the eventing and jumping competitions. Equestrian had been absent from the Olympic program since the 1900 Summer Olympics, making the 1912 Games the second time the sport was featured. Ten nations competed: Belgium, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the USA. Only Sweden and Germany were able to supply a full team for all three disciplines, with several countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Norway and the USA) having several riders and horses used in two or even all three disciplines. A total of 88 entries ran in the three events, with 62 riders and 70 horses.
Charles M. Waterman (judge)
Charles M. Waterman (January 5, 1847 – January 28, 1924) was a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from January 1, 1898, to June 18, 1902, appointed from Scott County, Iowa.

Born in Frankfort, Kentucky, Waterman was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1871. After working for a time as a city attorney, Waterman was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 1877, and on June 28, 1887, was appointed by Governor William Larrabee to a seat on the Iowa Seventh Judicial Circuit. Waterman was reelected to the seat in November of that year, and again in 1890 and 1894. In 1898, he was elected to the state supreme court, serving until 1902, when he left to return to private practice.

He died in his home, after a lengthy illness.

Scott County, Iowa
Scott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 174,669, and was estimated to be 175,601 in 2024, making it the third-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat the largest city is Davenport.

Scott County is included in the Davenport–Moline-Rock Island, IA–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rugby union in Macau
Rugby union in Macau is long established, partly as a result of its being a Portuguese colony. Rugby union is one of the most popular sports in Macau. In contrast to the People's Republic of China, it has had a continuous existence dating back over a hundred years.

Macau has a national side, which competes in international competitions, and there is also Macau Rugby Club, which takes part in various Seniors (adult) competitions . Macau also has a Junior (children's) club, called the Macau Bats Rugby Club, which competes in regional/international tournaments. Beach rugby and rugby tens tournaments have been held in the territory, and the game benefits from rugby's much stronger presence in neighbouring Hong Kong.

A representative national Women's side played in the classification stages of the 2004 Hong Kong Women's Sevens.

Hong Kong Women's Sevens
The Hong Kong Women's Sevens held the first women's international rugby sevens tournament in 1997, and has since become an annual event. The 2020 edition marked the start of a new era for the Hong Kong Women's Sevens. For the first time, the tournament will be an official event in the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series. The 2020 and 2021 tournaments were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kida Burns
Leon "Kida" Burns (born April 8, 2002), known professionally as Kida the Great, is an American hip hop dancer, choreographer, and actor. He gained recognition through his Instagram dance videos of popular hip-hop songs such as "Don't Sleep" by Dorian and "Cut It" by O.T. Genasis.  In 2016, Burns was crowned "America's Favorite Dancer" in the thirteenth season of So You Think You Can Dance: Next Generation coming 1st place.

Cut It
"Cut It" is a song by American rapper O.T. Genasis featuring fellow American rapper Young Dolph. Produced by ITrezBeats, the song was released on September 25, 2015 by Conglomerate and Atlantic Records, as a single from O.T.'s mixtape Rhythm & Bricks.  The song was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) November 17, 2016, for selling over 2,000,000 digital copies in the United States.
Dual language
Dual language is a form of education in which students are taught literacy and content in two languages. Most dual language programs in the United States teach in English and Spanish, but programs increasingly use a partner language other than Spanish, such as Arabic, Chinese, French, Hawaiian, Japanese, or Korean. Dual language programs use the partner language for at least half of the instructional day in the elementary years.

Dual language programs generally start in kindergarten or the first grade and extend for at least five years, but many continue into middle school and high school. The programs aim for bilingualism, the ability to speak fluently in two languages; biliteracy, the ability to read and write in two languages; academic achievement equal to that of students in non-dual language programs; and cross-cultural competence. Most dual language programs are located in neighborhood public schools, but many are charter, magnet, or private schools.

Cultural competence
Cultural competence, also known as intercultural competence, is a range of cognitive, affective, behavioral, and linguistic skills that lead to effective and appropriate communication with people of other cultures. Intercultural or cross-cultural education are terms used for the training to achieve cultural competence.
Daughter (2016 film)
Daughter is a 2016 Iranian drama film directed by Reza Mirkarimi. It was screened in the Competition section at the Moscow International Film Festival 2016 and International Film Festival of India 2016. It won Golden Peacock (Best Film) at the 47th International Film Festival of India. and the Golden George Award for Best Film at the 38th Moscow International Film Festival.  It was also the best film in the 15th Dhaka International Film Festival.

Dhaka International Film Festival
Dhaka International Film Festival (Bengali: ঢাকা আন্তর্জাতিক চলচ্চিত্র উৎসব) is a biennial film festival held in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Established in 1992, the festival was initially organized on annual basis, but became a biennial event since 1995.

DIFF is one of the most prestigious film events in Bangladesh, dedicated to introduce the mainstream global cinema to the local film makers as well as to promote healthy cine culture within Bangladesh. The festival was founded by Ahmed Muztaba Zamal of the Rainbow Film Society, which has, as of 2022, organized 20 editions of the event bringing international recognition to it.
Monoallelic gene expression
Monoallelic gene expression (MAE) is the phenomenon of the gene expression, when only one of the two gene copies (alleles) is actively expressed (transcribed), while the other is silent. Diploid organisms bear two homologous copies of each chromosome (one from each parent), a gene can be expressed from both chromosomes (biallelic expression) or from only one (monoallelic expression). MAE can be Random monoallelic expression (RME) or Constitutive monoallelic expression (constitutive). Constitutive monoallelic expression occurs from the same specific allele throughout the whole organism or tissue, as a result of genomic imprinting. RME is a broader class of monoallelic expression, which is defined by random allelic choice in somatic cells, so that different cells of the multi-cellular organism express different alleles.

Homologous chromosome
Homologous chromosomes or homologs are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis. Homologs have the same genes in the same loci, where they provide points along each chromosome that enable a pair of chromosomes to align correctly with each other before separating during meiosis. This is the basis for Mendelian inheritance, which characterizes inheritance patterns of genetic material from an organism to its offspring parent developmental cell at the given time and area.
Pardus (video game)
Pardus is a graphical browser-based MMORPG written in PHP and C/C++ and set in a futuristic universe where players interact and compete in space. It is a persistent-universe, open-ended game with a player-driven economy. Players travel through hundreds of "sectors" or solar systems while trading, building or battling with non-player characters (NPCs) and other players. There are dozens of spacecraft models in Pardus, which can be customized with different weapons, armor and other equipment. Pardus characters do not have a defined 'class'.

Partially inspired by classic computer games such as Elite and Master of Orion II, Pardus was developed and published by the Austrian company Bayer&Szell OG. Alpha testing of the game began in September 2004 and the core feature set was finished by October 1, 2006.

Armour
Armour (Commonwealth English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, especially direct contact weapons or projectiles during combat, or from a potentially dangerous environment or activity (e.g. cycling, construction sites, etc.).  Personal armour is used to protect soldiers and war animals. Vehicle armour is used on warships, armoured fighting vehicles, and some combat aircraft, mostly ground attack aircraft.

A second use of the term armour describes armoured forces, armoured weapons, and their role in combat. After the development of armoured warfare, tanks and mechanised infantry and their combat formations came to be referred to collectively as "armour".
Gravelines (horse)
Gravelines (1972 – 30 April 1977) was a French-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. Unraced as a juvenile, he won three minor races as a three-year-old in 1975, but was beaten when tried in higher class. In 1976, he made significant improvement, winning the Prix du Palais-Royal, Prix Jacques le Marois and Prix du Moulin and ending the year as one of the highest rated horses in Europe. He was moved to the United States in 1977 where he won the Canadian Turf Handicap and the Pan American Handicap before being fatally injured in the Hialeah Turf Cup Handicap.

Prix du Palais-Royal
The Prix du Palais-Royal is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,400 metres (about 7 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June.

The event is named after the Palais-Royal, a palace and an associated garden located in Paris. The race was established in 1968, and with four exceptions — the 1996 and 2016 runnings at Deauville, the 2017 running at Maisons-Laffitte and the 2020 running at Clairefontaine — it has always taken place at Longchamp. Its distance has remained at 1,400 metres since its creation.

For several years before its launch there was an event titled the Prix Palais Royal at Saint-Cloud. This was named after a racehorse called Palais Royal, the winner of the Cambridgeshire Handicap and runner-up in the St Leger in 1928.
Wien Gersthof railway station
Wien Gersthof is a railway station serving the neighbourhood of Gersthof in Währing, the eighteenth district of Vienna. It is co-sited with the Gersthof stop of the Wiener Linien, which provides interchange to lines 9, 40 and 41 of the Vienna tram network as well as to bus routes 10A and 42A.

Trams in Vienna
Trams in Vienna (German: Wiener Straßenbahn, in everyday speech also Bim or Tramway) are a vital part of the public transport system in Vienna, capital city of Austria. In operation since 1865, with the completion of a 2 km (1.2 mi) route to industrial estates near Simmering, it reached its maximum extent of 292 km (181.4 mi) in 1942. In February 2015, it was the fifth largest tram network in the world, at about 227.4 kilometres (141.3 mi) in total length and 1,146 stations.

The trams on the network run on standard gauge track. Since 1897, they have been powered by electricity, at 600 V DC. The current operator of the network is Wiener Linien. In 2024, a total of 291.8 million passengers travelled on the network's trams. As of 2013, there were 525 tramcars in Vienna's tram fleet, including 404 trams or tramsets scheduled for service during peak periods, comprising 215 single cars and 189 motor and trailer sets.
Leone Nakarawa
Lieutenant Leone Nakarawa OF (born 2 April 1988) is a Fijian rugby union footballer and Olympic gold medalist. He plays as a lock for Castres and represents the Fijian national team in international rugby. He previously played for Glasgow Warriors and is Warrior No. 224. He won the Pro12 with the Glasgow Warriors in 2014–15 and re-signed with the club in 2020. Inbetween that period, he played for Racing 92. In 2018 he was awarded the EPCR Player of the Year accolade.

Nakarawa is generally considered to be one of the best lock forwards in the world. He is most famous for his offloading skills, athleticism and general play in open field.

World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup
The Pacific Nations Cup is an international rugby union competition held between Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Canada, Japan and the United States. First held in 2006, the tournament is intended to strengthen the Tier 2 rugby teams by providing competitive test matches in a tournament format.

Former teams include the Junior All Blacks (2006, 2007, 2009), Australia A (2007, 2008, 2015), Georgia (2018) and the Māori All Blacks (2008). The inaugural tournament was the only one that carried the title of IRB Pacific 5 Nations; from 2007 the competition was known as the IRB Pacific Nations Cup and subsequently the World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup.
Autoethnography
Autoethnography is a form of ethnographic research in which a researcher connects personal experiences to wider cultural, political, and social meanings and understandings. It is considered a form of qualitative and arts-based research.

Autoethnography has been used across various disciplines, including anthropology, arts education, communication studies, education, educational administration, English literature, ethnic studies, gender studies, history, human resource development, marketing, music therapy, nursing, organizational behavior, paramedicine, performance studies, physiotherapy, psychology, social work, sociology, and theology and religious studies.

Visual arts education
Visual arts education is the area of learning that is based upon the kind of art that one can see, visual arts—drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, and design in jewelry, pottery, weaving, fabrics, etc. and design applied to more practical fields such as commercial graphics and home furnishings. Contemporary topics include photography, video, film, design, and computer art. Art education may focus on students creating art, on learning to criticize or appreciate art, or some combination of the two.
Shyam Rajak
Shyam Rajak is an Indian Leader from Janata Dal (United), previously serving as the Cabinet Minister for Industries in the Government of Bihar under Nitish Kumar. He has previously served as Minister for Food and Consumer Protection from 2010-2015 in the JD(U) Government. In the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, Rajak won the Phulwarisharif (SC) seat as the JDU candidate, defeating incumbent MLA Gopal Ravidas by 32,657 votes and securing 126,470 votes (49.18%). He has also served as Minister of State for Energy, Public Relations Department and Law in Bihar government in the RJD rule under Rabri Devi. He is whip for main opposition party in Bihar legislative Assembly .

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Oriel House
Oriel House, now known as Talbot Hotel Cork, is a 19th-century house at the west end of the town of Ballincollig, County Cork, Ireland. Now operating as a hotel, it was originally built to house administrating officers of the Ballincollig Gunpowder Mills site.

Hosting a number of other businesses after the mills closed, in 1983 it was converted to operate as a hotel by its then owner William (Bill) Shanahan. The hotel was sold in 2003, further developed in 2006, and underwent another change of ownership in 2014.

Ballincollig
Ballincollig (Irish: Baile an Chollaigh) is a suburban town within the administrative area of Cork city in Ireland. It is located on the western side of Cork city, beside the River Lee on the R608 road. In 2016 it was the largest town in County Cork, at which time the Ballincollig Electoral Division had a population of 18,621 people. It is located beyond the green belt from the suburbs of Bishopstown and Wilton. Historically home to the Ballincollig Royal Gunpowder Mills which is now a Regional Park, the town has seen much growth in recent years as a satellite of Cork city. In 2024, Ballincollig was named the tidiest town in Ireland.