hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oskar Zoth
Oskar Karl Maria Zoth (28 August 1864, Padua – 30 November 1933, Graz) was an Austrian physiologist.

In 1888 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Graz, where in 1896 he qualified as a lecturer for physiology. In 1898 he became an associate professor, and three years later, was a named a full professor at the University of Innsbruck. In 1904 he returned as a professor to the University of Graz. In 1900 he was a recipient of the Lieben Prize.

In an 1894 experiment he injected himself with a liquid extraction of bulls' testicles, then tested his muscle strength with a "Mosso ergograph". In regards to this testing, he stated "the training of athletes offers an opportunity for further research in this area and for a practical assessment of our experimental results".

University of Graz
The University of Graz (German: Universität Graz, formerly: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz) in Graz is the largest public research university in Styria and the second oldest university in Austria. Its name is derived from Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Francis I of Austria. The University of Graz was founded on January 1, 1585.

The Faculty of Medicine was spun off as the Medical University of Graz on January 1, 2004, under the University Act 2002.
Griffin Money
Griffin Cant Money (17 June 1865 – 1 September 1958) was an Australian politician who was a Nationalist Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1917 to 1924, representing the seat of Bunbury.

Money was born in Silk Willoughby, Lincolnshire, England, and trained as a solicitor. He moved to Australia in 1898, and initially settled in Perth, where he practised law. In 1910, Money purchased a property of 12,000-acre (49 km2) at Burekup, in the state's South West region. He later acquired farms at Dinninup and Waterloo. Money first attempted to enter politics at the 1914 state election, but lost to the sitting Labor member for Bunbury, William Thomas. He reversed the result at the 1917 election, and held the seat until being defeated by Labor's Frederick Withers at the 1924 election. After leaving politics, Money returned to his Burekup property. He died in Bunbury in 1958, aged 93.

Dinninup, Western Australia
Dinninup is a small town in the South West region of Western Australia. It is between Boyup Brook and Kojonup.

The town's name is Aboriginal in origin and is the name of a brook that is situated close to town. The name was first recorded by surveyors in 1877; the meaning is unknown. The original settlement was "Darling Hill" home to Thomas and Rebecca Draper (née Scott) daughter of the first settlers in Boyup Brook. Originating as a railway station on the Boyup Brook to Kojonup line, the land was requested by early settlers to be set aside for a townsite in 1906. The line was completed in 1910 and the Dinninup station was opened at the same time. The town was gazetted in 1915.
SS Colonist
SS Colonist was a British iron-hulled coastal cargo ship driven by a 3-cylinder triple expansion steam engine. She was built in 1889 by Osbourne, Graham & Co. Ltd, North Hylton, England. She had a complement of 29 crewmembers.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
Wasik
Wasik or Wąsik is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandra Śląska, born Aleksandra Wąsik (1925–1989), Polish film actress

Antoni Wąsik (1886–1956), Polish socialist and trade union activist

Bill Wasik, American magazine editor

Edmund Wąsik (1883–1946), Polish social and trade union activist, politician, railwayman, member of the Sejm in the Second Polish Republic

Elżbieta Magdalena Wąsik (born 1961), Polish linguist

Jarosław Wasik (born 1971), Polish singer-songwriter

Maciej Wąsik (born 1969), Polish politician

Ryszard Wasik (1931–2021), Polish politician and shipping captain

Stanisław Wąsik (born 1940), Polish politician, member of the Sejm

Stanisław Wąsik (1908–2004), Polish socialist and independence activist, served in the Polish Armed Forces, chairman of the Central Foreign Committee of the Polish Socialist Party

Zdzisław Wąsik (born 1947), Polish linguist and semiotician

Aleksandra Śląska
Aleksandra Śląska (4 November 1925 – 18 September 1989) was a Polish film actress. She appeared in 18 films between 1948 and 1983.  Born in Katowice, Upper Silesia, she left for Warsaw after World War II. She was buried in the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.
Search Engine (radio show)
Search Engine was a weekly Canadian radio show that aired on CBC Radio One, then as a dedicated podcast distributed by the CBC and finally by TVOntario. It was hosted by Jesse Brown, who also co-produced the show with Geoff Siskind and Andrew Parker. Cory Doctorow, novelist and editor of Boing Boing, was also a regular contributor. The program explored the effects of the Internet on politics and culture. The show has focused on stories involving copyright, video games, and China, as well as the social impact and technology surrounding them.

CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet, and through mobile apps. CBC Radio One is simulcast across Canada on Bell Satellite TV satellite channels 956 and 953, and Shaw Direct satellite channel 870.
A modified version of Radio One, with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming, is available on Sirius XM channel 169. It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart, Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

In 2010, Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week. It was the largest radio network in Canada.
Ludwig von Herterich
Ludwig von Herterich (13 October 1856, Ansbach – 25 December 1932, Etzenhausen, today in Dachau) was a German painter and art teacher.  He is best known as a painter of portraits and history paintings and is a representative of the Munich School.

Dachau, Bavaria
Dachau (German pronunciation: [ˈdaxaʊ] ⓘ) is a town in the Upper Bavaria district of Bavaria, a state in the southern part of Germany.  It is a major district town—a Große Kreisstadt—of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-west of Munich.  It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich, with roughly 45,000 inhabitants.  The historic centre of town with its 18th-century castle is situated on an elevation and visible over a great distance.

Dachau was founded in the 9th century.  It was home to many artists during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; well-known author and editor Ludwig Thoma lived here for two years.  The town is known for its proximity to the Dachau concentration camp, operated by Nazi Germany between 1933 until 1945, in which tens of thousands of prisoners died.
Poelchau
Poelchau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dorothee Poelchau (1902–1977), German librarian and resistance fighter

Georg Poelchau (1773–1836), German singer

Harald Poelchau (1903–1972), German prison chaplain, religious socialist, and resistance fighter

Harald Poelchau
Harald Poelchau (5 October 1903 – 29 April 1972) was a German prison chaplain, religious socialist and member of the resistance against the Nazis. Poelchau grew up in Silesia. During the early 1920's, he studied Protestant theology at the University of Tübingen and the University of Marburg, followed by social work at the College of Political Science of Berlin. Poelchau gained a doctorate under Paul Tillich at Frankfurt University. In 1933, he became a prison chaplain in the Berlin prisons. With the coming of the Nazi regime in 1933, he became an anti-fascist. During the war, Poelchau and his wife Dorothee Poelchau helped victims of the Nazis, hiding them and helping them escape. At the same time, as a prison chaplain he gave comfort to the many people in prison and those sentenced to death. After the war, he became involved in the reform of prisons in East Germany. In 1971, Yad Vashem named Poelchau and his wife Righteous Among the Nations.
Percy Creek (Northumberland County)
Percy Creek is a stream in the municipalities of Trent Hills and Alnwick/Haldimand, Northumberland County, in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and is a right tributary of the Trent River. Percy Creek is named after Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland.

Trent Hills
The Municipality of Trent Hills is a township municipality in Northumberland County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is on the Trent River and was created in 2001 through the amalgamation of the municipalities of Campbellford/Seymour, Percy Township, and Hastings Village. Thereafter it was known briefly as Campbellford/Seymour, Percy, Hastings.
Rancho Pescadero (Grimes)
Rancho Pescadero was a 35,446-acre (143.44 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Stanislaus County and San Joaquin County, California given in 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Valentin Higuera and Rafael Feliz. The grant extended along the west bank of the San Joaquin River from north of Tracy and Banta in San Joaquin County to Del Puerto Creek and Rancho Del Puerto in Stanislaus County on the south, and encompassed present-day Grayson. The name pescadero, which means "fishing place" in Spanish, originated from a popular San Joaquin River fishing spot of the indigenous Yokuts near present-day Mossdale.

Tracy, California
Tracy is the second most populated city in San Joaquin County, California, United States. The population was 93,000 at the 2020 census and estimated at 100,136 in 2024. Tracy is located inside a geographic triangle formed by Interstate 205 on the north side of the city, Interstate 5 to the east, and Interstate 580 to the southwest.
Shakhovsky
Shakhovsky or Shakhovskoy (Russian: Шаховский or Шаховской; masculine), Shakhovskaya (Шаховская; feminine), or Shakhovskoye (Шаховское) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia:

Urban localities

Shakhovskaya, Moscow Oblast, a work settlement in Shakhovskoy District of Moscow Oblast

Rural localities

Shakhovsky (rural locality), a settlement in Mosalsky District of Kaluga Oblast

Shakhovskoye, Kurkinsky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Ivanovskaya Volost of Kurkinsky District of Tula Oblast

Shakhovskoye, Uzlovsky District, Tula Oblast, a selo in Krasnolesskaya Rural Administration of Uzlovsky District of Tula Oblast

Shakhovskoye, Ulyanovsk Oblast, a selo in Shakhovsky Rural Okrug of Pavlovsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast

Shakhovskaya, Irkutsk Oblast, a village in Alarsky District of Irkutsk Oblast

Ulyanovsk Oblast
Ulyanovsk Oblast (Russian: Ульяновская область, romanized: Ulyanovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It is located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Ulyanovsk. It has a population of 1,292,799 (2010 Census).

The area of Ulyanovsk Oblast corresponds to the former Simbirsk Governorate which formerly existed as an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, replacing the Simbirsk Viceroyalty from 1796 and later, Bolshevik Russia. The governorate was renamed to Ulyanovsk Governorate, in honor of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom he was born in Simbirsk after his death in 1924. In 1928, Ulyanovsk became an okrug and the present day Ulyanovsk Oblast was formed in 1943 merging some parts of Kuybyshev and Penza Oblasts.
Alexandre François Malbranche
Alexandre François Malbranche (6 April 1818, Bernay, Eure – 16 May 1888, Rouen) was a French pharmacist, botanist and mycologist. He is known for his botanical and mycological studies associated with Normandy,

He received his education in Rouen, where he subsequently spent his career as a pharmacist. He served as president of the Société des amis des sciences de Rouen, and for several years was a member of the Société botanique de France (1879–1888).

He was the author of treatises on lichens, fungi, teratology in plants, Darwinism and on the botanical genus Rubus. Between 1863 and 1869, he edited and distributed the exsiccata Lichens de la Normandie, préparés et classés d'après la méthode du Dr. Nylander. As a taxonomist, he co-circumscribed a number of Rubus species. The mycological genus Malbranchea was named in his honor by Pier Andrea Saccardo (1882).

Société botanique de France
The Société botanique de France (SBF) is a French learned society founded on 23 April 1854. At its inaugural meeting it stated its purpose as "to contribute to the progress of botany and related sciences and to facilitate, by all means at its disposal, the education and the work of its members" (Article 2 of the founding statutes).
Thomas FitzGerald (County Louth politician)
Thomas FitzGerald (died October/November 1834) was an Irish politician and slave trader.
FitzGerald worked as a merchant and became wealthy in the West Indies.  The Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery states that he was probably the owner of Richmond Hill in Demerera, and as having been a slave factor in the colony as of 1807.

In 1823, FitzGerald returned to Ireland, where he purchased Fane Valley in County Louth.  At the 1832 UK general election, he stood in County Louth for the Repeal Association, and won election.  He died in 1834, while still in office.

FitzGerald had two sons: Thomas Christopher, and Percy Hetherington Fitzgerald.

County Louth (UK Parliament constituency)
County Louth is a former parliamentary constituency in Ireland, which was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) from 1801 to 1885, and one MP from 1918 to 1922.
Variations, Chaconne and Finale
Variations, Chaconne and Finale is a set of variations for orchestra composed by Norman Dello Joio in 1947; the piece was premiered in Pittsburgh, under the direction of Fritz Reiner, on January 30, 1948.  It won the New York Critics Circle Award for the year. Its primary theme an orchestral version of that of the first movement of his celebrated Piano Sonata No. 3.

The theme for the piece, presented by the oboe, is derived from the Kyrie movement of the Missa de Angelis, and much of the work is subdued and religious in tone.  In the first part of the piece, after its initial presentation, the melody is the subject of six variations.  The chaconne is built from its first four notes, but in chromatic form.  The finale, by contrast to the rest of the work, is spirited and joyous.  The work ends with a loud return of the theme's first four notes.

Fritz Reiner
Frederick Martin Reiner (Hungarian: Reiner Frigyes; December 19, 1888 – November 15, 1963) was an American conductor of opera and symphonic music in the twentieth century.  Hungarian born and trained, he emigrated to the United States in 1922, where he rose to prominence as a conductor with several orchestras. He reached the pinnacle of his career while music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in the 1950s and early 1960s.
Caldie
Caldie is a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed tool steel manufactured by Uddeholms AB.  It is intended for cold work processes, such as blanking and piercing, applied to difficult materials such as advanced high strength steel, where compressive strength and chipping and cracking resistance are important.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Mooroolbark railway station
Mooroolbark station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Lilydale line, part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the eastern Melbourne suburb of Mooroolbark in Victoria, Australia. Mooroolbark is an elevated premium station, featuring an island platform with two faces. It opened on 10 October 1887 with the current station provided in November 2021.

The current rail-over-road Mooroolbark  station structure was opened on 19 November 2021, as part of railway redevelopment works, including the Level Crossing Removal Project. A crossover is located at the up end of the station, which allows services to terminate and return. Mooroolbark also marks the end of the double track on the Lilydale line.

Railroad switch
A railroad switch (AE), turnout, or (set of) points (CE) is a mechanical installation enabling railway trains to be guided from one track to another, such as at a railway junction or where a spur or siding branches off.
Maude T. Howell
Maude T. Howell (1887-1964) was an American screenwriter, producer, and assistant director active primarily during the 1930s. She was one of few women to hold an assistant directing position at the time.

His Lordship (1936 film)
His Lordship is a 1936 British drama film directed by Herbert Mason and starring George Arliss, Romilly Lunge and Rene Ray.  It was released with the alternative title Man of Affairs in the United States.
Semih
Semih is a Turkish given name for males, meaning Generous and also Worthy and Great.  Semiha is the female form. People named Semih include:

Semih Aydilek (born 1989), Turkish footballer

Semih Çalışkan (born 1986), Turkish novelist

Semih Deniz (born 1989), Turkish Paralympian middle-distance runner

Semih Erden (born 1986), Turkish basketball player

Semih Kaplanoğlu (born 1963), Turkish playwright, film director and producer

Semih Kaya (born 1991), Turkish footballer

Semih Özmert (1921-2015), Turkish judge

Semih Saygıner (born 1964), Turkish carom billiards player

Semih Şentürk (born 1983), Turkish footballer

Semih Tezcan (born 1932), Turkish scientist

Semih Tufan Gülaltay (born 1968), Turkish criminal

Semih Yağcı (born 1988), Turkish weightlifter

Semih Yağcı
Semih Yağcı (born November 11, 1988) is a Turkish weightlifter competing in the –77 kg division.

He won the gold medal at the 2011 European Weightlifting Championships held in Kazan, Russia lifting for bronze medal in the Snatch category and then for the gold medal 
in the Clean&Jerk discipline.
Co-coaching
Co-coaching is a structured practice of coaching that involves peers alike with the ultimate goal of gaining peer knowledge in learning how to coach or bettering their coaching techniques.  This is usually done with one peer being the coach while the other peer is the coachee and vice versa during a set amount of time.  This technique enables each peer to receive constructive criticism, or even praise, from one another and also creates a better foundation for coaching. This practice of co-coaching is especially important in the development within management and sports, as leadership skills are a priority.

Goal
A goal or objective is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan, and commit to achieve. People endeavour to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines.

A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the anticipated result which guides reaction, or an end, which is an object, either a physical object or an abstract object, that has intrinsic value.
Reuben Bennett
Reuben Bennett (21 December 1913 – 14 December 1989) was a Scottish professional football player and manager who played as a goalkeeper for Hull City, Queen of the South, Dundee and Elgin City. He was then manager of Ayr United and a founding member of the Boot Room coaching staff at Liverpool.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
Siege of Kalat (1839)
The siege of Kalat was a military campaign against the Khanate of Kalat led by the British during the First Anglo-Afghan War.

The fortress of Khelat, held by a Baluchi tribal chief, threatened communications with India through the Bolan Pass. The unfriendly Baluchi tribes had harassed and attacked British convoys and killed officers and camp followers alike during the First Anglo-Afghan War. As retaliation, the Bombay Column stormed the fortress on 13 November 1839 on its way back to India.

Kalat, Balochistan
Kalāt or Qalāt (Brahui/Balochi: کلات), historically known as Qīqān or Kaikan is the historical capital of Kalat State in Kalat district, in Balochistan. The town of Kalat is the headquarter of Kalat District and was also known in the past by the historical names Kalat-e-Baloch and Kalat-e-Sewa.

Qalat, formerly Kalat, is located roughly in the center of the Balochistan province, ‌‌and in the past, the capital of Balochistan (in Kalat State). The Khan of Kalat is presently a ceremonial title held by Mir Suleman Dawood Jan, and the Pakistan government has made efforts  to reconcile with him; his son, Prince Mohammed, who is next in line to be the Khan of Kalat, is pro-Pakistan.
The Spreading Ground
The Spreading Ground is a 2000 Canadian crime film directed by Derek Vanlint and starring Dennis Hopper. It was entered into the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival.
The film's score was composed by Wild Colonials guitarist, Shark.

Wild Colonials
Wild Colonials are an American alternative rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1992 by Angela McCluskey (vocals), Shark (guitar/vocals/percussion), Paul Cantelon (violin/piano), Scott Roewe (multi-instrumentalist) and Ian Bernard (drums/percussion). After 1993 members included Thaddeus Corea and Jason Payne on drums/percussion and Skip Ward on bass.
2011 Schmirler Curling Classic
The 2011 Schmirler Curling Classic was held from September 23 to 26 at the Caledonian Curling Club in Regina, Saskatchewan. The purse of the event was CAD$47,000, and the champion, Liudmila Privivkova won CAD$12,000.

Caledonian Curling Club
The Caledonian Curling Club, also known as the Callie, is a curling club located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Established in 1915, the club is among the oldest in the province and has been the home of many championship teams, including the Sandra Schmirler rink, which won three provincial, national, and world championships in the 1990s and the gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics.

The Callie merged with the Tartan Curling Club in 2018, leaving it as one of two clubs in Regina, alongside the Highland Curling Club.