hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tourism in the United Arab Emirates
Tourism in the United Arab Emirates is an important part of the Emirati economy. In 2023, the tourism sector employed 809,300 people and contributed 220 billion dirham to the national gross domestic product (GDP), accounting for 12% of it. In 2024, the UAE was the 6th destination globally by international tourism receipts according to the World Tourism rankings, and it ranked 18th globally in the Travel and Tourism Development Index.

The country's major tourist attractions include the Burj Khalifa, Dubai Mall, and Palm Jumeirah in Dubai, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque and Yas Island in Abu Dhabi, and Al Hajar Mountains in Fujairah.

World Tourism rankings
The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released up to six times per year. It ranks destinations by the number of international visitor arrivals, by the revenue generated by inbound tourism, and by the expenditure of outbound travelers.
Amen (EP)
Amen is an extended play by Forrest Frank, an American pop and hip-hop musician. The EP was released on April 25, 2025, through River House Records and 10K Projects. It features the previously released singles "Your Way's Better", "Nothing Else", "Celebration", and "No L's".  The five tracks featured on the extended play were later included on Frank's eighth studio album, Child of God II, released on May 9, 2025.

No L's
"No L's" is a song by Forrest Frank, an American hip-hop and lo-fi singer and musician. The song was released on April 11, 2025, through River House Records and 10K Projects. The single features the viral TikTok song, "Your Way's Better".  On April 17, 2025, both songs were featured on the single "Celebration".
Lúc mới yêu
Lúc mới yêu (English: Just Falling in Love) is the debut album by Vietnam Idol season 1 winner Phương Vy released on March 8, 2008. Following the success of Vietnam Idol, the album was highly anticipated. Phuong Vy sang the lead single off the album, "Lúc mới yêu" during the Asian Idol  competition. As of May 2008, the album has sold about 15,000 copies.

Asian Idol
Asian Idol was a reality singing competition, which featured winners of Idol competitions from six Southeast and South Asian countries consisting of India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam. Part of the Idol franchise, it originated from the reality program Pop Idol created by British entertainment executive Simon Fuller, which was first aired in 2001 in the United Kingdom. The first season was won by Singapore Idol Hady Mirza, who was awarded an all-expense-paid trip around the world on business class, after almost two million votes were cast.

The first season was held on 15 December and 16, 2007, in Jakarta, Indonesia. RCTI (which also broadcasts Indonesian Idol), was the main broadcaster, with the program shown live among participating countries.
Louise Stern
Louise Stern (born 1978) is an American writer and artist, and works around ideas of language, communication and isolation.

Stern grew up in an exclusively deaf community and is fourth-generation deaf on her father's side, and third-generation deaf on her mother's side. She attended California School for the Deaf, Fremont.

Deaf culture
Deaf culture is the set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. When used as a cultural label,  especially within the culture, the word deaf is often written with a capital D and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. When used as a label for the audiological condition, it is written with a lower case d. Carl G. Croneberg was among the first to discuss analogies between Deaf and hearing cultures in his appendices C and D of the 1965 Dictionary of American Sign Language.
M-SAM
The M-SAM (Medium-range Surface-to-Air Missile; Skybolt; Korean: 천궁; Hanja: 天弓; RR: Cheongung), or often called KM-SAM, is a South Korean medium range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system that was developed by the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) with technical support from Almaz-Antey and Fakel, based on technology from the 9M96 missile used on S-350E and S-400 missile systems. The project was named  Cheolmae-2 (Iron Hawk; Korean: 철매; Hanja: 鐵鷹; RR: Cheol-mae) during its development phase.  M-SAM serves as a key system in South Korea's Korean Air and Missile Defense (KAMD).

Almaz-Antey Corporation
JSC Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" (Russian: ОАО "Концерн ВКО "Алмаз-Антей"») is a Russian state-owned company in the arms industry, a result of a merger of Antey Corporation and NPO Almaz, unifying some of the national military enterprises, in particular, the developers of anti-aircraft defence and cruise missile systems. The organisation is headquartered in Moscow and is the world's eighth-largest defence contractor measured by 2017 defence revenues. In 2017, Almaz-Antey had arms sales of $9.125 billion.

The Almaz-Antey group produce air defense systems, firearms for aircraft and armored vehicles, artillery shells and surface-to-surface missiles, airspace surveillance and coordination and artillery radars. The group also manufacture civilian products such as navigation systems, air traffic systems, civil airtraffic- and weather radars, sewage cleaning systems, ventilation valves for nuclear power plants, and plastic packaging for cosmetics and food products.
Machine Design
Machine Design (ISSN 0024-9114) is an American trade magazine and website serving the OEM engineering market. Its print issues reach qualified design engineers and engineering managers twice a month.

Key technologies covered include computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), electrical and electronics, fastening and joining, fluid power, manufacturing, engineered materials, mechanical engineering, and motion control.

Today, Machine Design is owned by Informa, and has editorial offices based in New York, New York and Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
Retrograde tracing
Retrograde tracing is a research method used in neuroscience to trace neural connections from their point of termination (the synapse) to their source (the cell body). Retrograde tracing techniques allow for detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons and their inputs throughout the nervous system. These techniques allow the "mapping" of connections between neurons in a particular structure (e.g. the eye) and the target neurons in the brain. The opposite technique is anterograde tracing, which is used to trace neural connections from their source to their point of termination (i.e. from cell body to synapse). Both the anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques are based on the visualization of axonal transport.

Soma (biology)
In cellular neuroscience, the soma (pl.: somata or somas; from Greek  σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or cell body, is the bulbous, non-process portion of a neuron or glial cell that contains the cell nucleus. The part of the soma without the nucleus is called the perikaryon (pl.: perikarya).
Sam Covington
Clarence Calvert "Sam" Covington (November 18, 1894 – January 4, 1963) was an American professional baseball player.  He was a first baseman in parts of three seasons (1913, 1917–18) with the St. Louis Browns and Boston Braves.  For his career, he compiled a .178 batting average, with one home run and 14 runs batted in.

He was born and later died in Denison, Texas, at the age of 68. His brother Tex also played in the major leagues.

Denison, Texas
Denison is a city in Grayson County, Texas, United States, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the Texas–Oklahoma border. Its population was 24,479 at the 2020 census, up from 22,682 at the 2010 census. Denison is part of the Texoma region and is one of two principal cities in the Sherman–Denison metropolitan statistical area. It is the birthplace of 34th U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Memfis Film
Memfis Film AB also known as Memfis Filmproduktion AB and AB Memfis Film & Television, is a Swedish film production company. Founded by Lars Jönsson in 1989, Memfis is one of few comparatively new production units that has shown staying power and played a continuous role in the Swedish film community. Memfis have produced film by Lukas Moodysson, Josef Fares, and Lars von Trier among others.

Josef Fares
Josef Fares (born 19 September 1977) is a Swedish film director and video game designer. His brother is the actor Fares Fares, who has appeared in several of his films and games. He is the founder of Hazelight Studios. He was presented The Game Award for Game of the Year for his game It Takes Two at The Game Awards in 2021. He also directed the game Split Fiction (2025).
Faiyum Stadium
The Al-Fayoum Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium located in Fayoum, Egypt. It was used mostly for football and serves as the home stadium of Misr El Makasa.  The stadium had a capacity of 20,000 people. This stadium is permanently closed.

29°19′07″N 30°50′25″E﻿ / ﻿29.3185°N 30.8402°E﻿ / 29.3185; 30.8402

Misr Lel Makkasa SC
Misr lel-Makkasa Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي مصر للمقاصة الرياضي), commonly known as Makkassa, is an Egyptian sports club based in Faiyum, Egypt. The club is related to Misr lel-Makkasa Company (Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and Registry).

Misr lel-Makkasa is mainly known for its professional football team, which currently plays in the Egyptian Second Division, the second highest league in the Egyptian football league system.

The club was formerly known as Hweidi Club and El-Fara'na before the current name was adopted.
Jim Driscoll (hammer thrower)
James Driscoll (born 15 August 1965) is an American former track and field athlete who competed in the hammer throw. Driscoll represented the United States at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics, taking part in the qualifying round only. He set a personal record of 74.58 m (244 ft 8 in) in 1992 in New Orleans.

He was the gold medalist at the 1991 Pan American Games, having a winning mark of 72.78 m (238 ft 9+1⁄4 in). He returned to the competition four years later but failed to defend his title, finishing in sixth place. At national level, he was runner-up for two years running at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in 1993 and 1994. He regularly finished fourth at the national championships, doing so in 1989 to 1992 and again in 1995.

After retiring in 1996 he moved on to throws coaching, training young athletes in Corona del Mar.  He lives with his wife Jane Buchan in Newport Coast, California.

Corona del Mar, Newport Beach
Corona del Mar (Spanish for "Crown of the Sea") is a seaside neighborhood in the city of Newport Beach, California. It generally consists of all the land on the seaward face of the San Joaquin Hills south of Avocado Avenue to the city limits, as well as the development of Irvine Terrace, just north of Avocado. Corona del Mar is known for its beaches, tide pools, cliffside views and village shops. Beaches in the area include Corona del Mar State Beach as well as Crystal Cove State Park south of Corona del Mar, accessible by paths winding down a steep hillside. Corona del Mar has a representative to the Newport Beach City Council. Residents use a mailing address of Corona del Mar with the 92625 ZIP code.
Collective Knowledge (software)
The Collective Knowledge (CK) project is an open-source framework and repository to enable collaborative, reproducible and sustainable research and development of complex computational systems. CK is a small, portable, customizable and decentralized infrastructure helping researchers and practitioners:

share their code, data and models as reusable Python components and automation actions with unified JSON API, JSON meta information, and a UID based on FAIR principles

assemble portable workflows from shared components (such as multi-objective autotuning and Design space exploration)

automate, crowdsource and reproduce benchmarking of complex computational systems

unify predictive analytics (scikit-learn, R, DNN)

enable reproducible and interactive papers

Unique identifier
A unique identifier (UID) is an identifier that is guaranteed to be unique among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose. The concept  was formalized early in the development of computer science and information systems. In general, it was associated with an atomic data type.

In relational databases, certain attributes of an entity that serve as unique identifiers are called primary keys.
In mathematics, set theory uses the concept of element indices as unique identifiers.
Frank Taylor (Irish politician)
Francis Taylor (30 May 1914 – 15 April 1998) was an Irish Fine Gael politician.

A farmer before entering politics, he was first elected to the Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Clare constituency at the 1969 general election, recapturing the seat held by Fine Gael TD William Murphy, who had died in 1967 and been replaced at the Clare by-election by Fianna Fáil's Sylvester Barrett.

Taylor was re-elected at the 1973 and 1977 general elections. When he retired from Dáil Éireann at the 1981 general election, his daughter Madeleine Taylor-Quinn was elected.

1977 Irish general election
The 1977 Irish general election to the 21st Dáil was held on Thursday, 16 June, following the dissolution of the 20th Dáil on 25 May by President Patrick Hillery on the request of Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave. The general election took place in 42 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 148 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, an increase of four seats. There was a significant revision of constituencies under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974. Jack Lynch led Fianna Fáil to a landslide election win, clearly defeating the outgoing Fine Gael–Labour government.

The 21st Dáil met at Leinster House on 5 July to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Jack Lynch was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 15th government of Ireland, a single-party majority Fianna Fáil government. It was the last election to result in a single-party majority government.
Society for Experimental Biology
The Society for Experimental Biology is a learned society for animal, cell and plant biologists. It was founded in 1923 at Birkbeck College to "promote the art and science of experimental biology in all its branches". It aims to demonstrate the importance and impact of experimental biology research to the wider public and within the scientific community and to connect and support experimental biologists in their research and career development. The society has an international membership of approximately 1500, more than 20 scientific special interest groups and an outreach, education, and diversity (OED) group.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Manzini (surname)
Manzini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Baptiste Manzini (1920 – 2008) professional American football player and high school football coach

Carlo Antonio Manzini (1599-1677/1678), an Italian astronomer and mathematician

Ezio Manzini, Italian design academic and author

Gianna Manzini (1896-1974), Italian writer

Italia Almirante Manzini (1890 – 1941), Italian silent film actress

Lerato Manzini (born 1991), South African professional footballer

Luigi Manzini (1805–1866), Neoclassical painter from Modena

Michael Manzini, a South African football player

Pier Conti-Manzini, (1946–2003), Italian olympic rower (1968 and 1972)

Raimondo Manzini (1668-1744), Bolognese painter

Raimondo Manzini (1901–1988), Catholic journalist and parliamentarian

Rhulani Manzini (born 1988), South African soccer player

Sasekani Janet Manzini (born 1979), South African politician

Michael Manzini
Mike Manzini (born 29 November 1972 in Hoedspruit, Limpopo) is a South African former association football defender. He spent his entire career at Premier Soccer League club Mamelodi Sundowns and also played for South Africa.

Manzini was Sundowns' ever-reliable and efficient captain who made well over 250 appearances for the club. His good work in defence often went unnoticed by onlookers but it was a sign of his experience, composure and superb reading of the play that he very rarely found himself having to make a last-gasp tackle or clearance.
MyChild App
MyChild App is an Android app that helps parents screen developmental disorders in their children between the age of 1 and 24 months. The app contains information for parents about the different stages of a child's development.

Development of the human body
Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The resulting zygote develops through cell proliferation and differentiation, and the resulting embryo then implants in the uterus, where the embryo continues development through a fetal stage until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development that is influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life: through childhood and adolescence into adulthood.
World Cricket Championship (mobile game series)
World Cricket Championship (WCC) is a series of 3D cricket mobile games developed by Nextwave Multimedia. As of 2026, the series consists of four released main installments, World Cricket Championship (2011), World Cricket Championship 2 (2015), World Cricket Championship Rivals (2019), World Cricket Championship 3 (2020) and the upcoming World Cricket Championship 4. It is one of the most downloaded cricket game franchises in the world.

Video game graphics
A variety of computer graphic techniques have been used to display video game content throughout the history of video games. The predominance of individual techniques have evolved over time, primarily due to hardware advances and restrictions such as the processing power of central or graphics processing units.
Razgrad incident
Razgrad Incident refers to the destruction of the Turkish cemetery in Razgrad, Bulgaria. Tombstones were broken and buried bodies were exhumed and humiliated. Axes and shovels were used for the destruction. The incident created numerous rallies in both Turkey and Bulgaria and created discontent in both countries on the eve of the Balkan Pact. Although Ankara and Sofia were able to quickly restore relations, the situation increased nationalism in both countries and affected their minorities.

From a journalistic point of view, three Turks in Bulgaria who were at the center of the spread of the news either illegally left the country or were expelled.

Gravestone
A gravestone or tombstone is a marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may be called a funeral stele, stela, or slab. The use of such markers is traditional for Chinese, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic burials, as well as other traditions. In East Asia, the tomb's spirit tablet is the focus for ancestral veneration and may be removable for greater protection between rituals. Ancient grave markers typically incorporated funerary art, especially details in stone relief. With greater literacy, more markers began to include inscriptions of the deceased's name, date of birth, and date of death, often along with a personal message or prayer. The presence of a frame for photographs of the deceased is also increasingly common.
Jason Byrne (writer)
Jason Byrne is the author of the book Guide to Webcams, originally published by Prompt Publishing in August 2000. Prior to writing the book, Byrne was a reviewer and Technical Director of Government Computer News, a trade publication focusing on IT use in federal, state, and local government. His writings have also appeared in The Washington Post and he has been a guest on a number of programs including The Diane Rehm Show on NPR.

Byrne continues to write, though his focus most recently has been on W3C standard compliant Web design. He has also expanded into graphic design, creating the logos and graphic designs for companies and political campaigns. Currently, he works for the American Registry for Internet Numbers(ARIN), and is married with two children.

Web design
Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; user interface design (UI design); authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design (UX design); and search engine optimization. Often, many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all. The term "web design" is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing markup. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and be up to date with web accessibility guidelines.
Liang Tiangeng
Liang Tiangeng (Chinese: 梁田庚; pinyin: Liáng Tiángēng; born May 1960) is a Chinese politician currently serving as vice chairman of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

He was an alternate of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 19th National Congress in 2017, and sat until the next National Congress was convened in 2022. It formally succeeded the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

The first plenary session in 2017 was responsible for electing the bodies in which the authority of the Central Committee is invested when it is not in session: the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. It was also responsible for approving the members of the Secretariat, 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and its Standing Committee. The third plenary session in 2018 nominated candidates for state positions. The fourth plenary session issued a decision on modernizing governance.