hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scottish Text Society
The Scottish Text Society (STS) is a text publication society founded in 1882 to promote the study of Scottish literature. The Society publishes scholarly editions of important texts from the country's literary history, and has played a significant role in the revival of interest in the literature and languages of Scotland.

To date, the Society has published approximately 150 volumes, from the 14th to the 19th centuries, but with a focus on Middle Scots works of the 16th to 18th centuries. These editions include poetry, drama and prose works.

Professor Sally Mapstone Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of St Andrews is Honorary President of the Society.

Languages of Scotland
The languages of Scotland belong predominantly to the Germanic and Celtic language families.  The main language now spoken in Scotland is English, while Scots and Scottish Gaelic are minority languages. The dialect of English spoken in Scotland is referred to as Scottish English.
Ezgjan Alioski
Ezgjan Alioski (Macedonian: Езѓан Алиоски; born 12 February 1992) is a Macedonian professional footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder for Swiss Super League club Lugano and the North Macedonia national team.

He is commonly known as 'Gjanni'. A versatile left-footed player, Alioski can play as a striker, defensive midfielder, attacking midfielder, right winger, left wing-back or as a left-back.

Alioski was dubbed by Leeds United supporters as their own “Duracell Bunny”, for his high level of pace and stamina.

Turkish Cup
The Turkish Cup (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası) is an annual football cup competition in Turkey, organised by the Turkish Football Federation since 1962. During a period of sponsorship by Fortis, the competition was temporarily known as the Fortis Turkish Cup (Turkish: Fortis Türkiye Kupası). It is currently sponsored by the state-owned bank Ziraat Bankası and officially called the Ziraat Turkish Cup (Turkish: Ziraat Türkiye Kupası).

The tournament has been held under various formats, including a traditional knockout competition and group stages on an experimental basis. An expanded format was introduced for the 2012–13 season, with a record 156 teams participating. The structure included a round-robin group stage following five knockout rounds, with group winners and runners-up advancing to the semi-finals and final. The current holders of the cup are Galatasaray S.K..
1958 Philadelphia City Council special election
Philadelphia's City Council special election of 1958 was held to fill the 9th district seat vacated by Democrat Charles M. Finley when he died in office. Democrat Henry P. Carr defeated Republican Elizabeth Page Hanna for the seat.

Ancestry.com
Ancestry.com LLC is an American genealogy company based in Lehi, Utah. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical, historical records, and related genetic genealogy websites. It is owned by Blackstone Inc., which acquired the company on December 4, 2020, in a deal valued at $4.7 billion.

As of 2022, the company said it had provided access to 30 billion historical records, tripling its November 2018 figure of 10 billion records. In 2018 it also reported having 3 million paying subscribers, and to have sold 18 million DNA kits to customers. By 2023, Ancestry was the largest provider of consumer DNA testing in the world with a network of more than 25 million users, and Ancestry DNA testing is available in 128 countries.

As well as its main website, Ancestry operates country-specific versions for Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Eva Rodgerson
Eva Elizabeth Rodgerson (born June 21, 1945) is a Canadian politician, who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 2000 to 2007. She represented the electoral district of West Point-Bloomfield and was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

She was born Eva Elizabeth MacMillan in O'Leary, Prince Edward Island, the daughter of Hamel MacMillan and Helen Gay, and was educated at Holland College. She married Gordon Rodgerson in 1963. Rodgerson was a community development officer and was involved in the construction of the "Big Potato" in O'Leary. In 2008, she was awarded the Governor General's Caring Canadian Award for over thirty-five years of service to the community of O'Leary.

Holland College
46°14′21″N 63°07′18″W﻿ / ﻿46.23917°N 63.12167°W﻿ / 46.23917; -63.12167

Holland College is the provincial community college for the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island (PEI). It is named after the British Army engineer and surveyor Captain Samuel Holland. In 2024, about 30% of the college's enrolled students were from outside of Canada.
HMS Alnwick Castle
HMS Alnwick Castle (K405) was one of 44 Castle-class corvettes built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. She was named after Alnwick Castle in Northumberland. Completed in late 1944, the ship served as a convoy escort until the end of the war, helping to sink one German submarine. The corvette was placed in reserve after the war and was sold for scrap in 1958.

Alnwick Castle
Alnwick Castle (/ˈænɪk/ ⓘ) is a castle and country house in Alnwick in the English county of Northumberland. It is the seat of the 12th Duke of Northumberland, built following the Norman Conquest and renovated and remodelled several times. It is a Grade I listed building now the home of Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland and his family. In 2016, the castle received over 600,000 visitors per year when combined with adjacent attraction the Alnwick Garden.
Ben Peterson (wrestler)
Benjamin Lee Peterson (born June 27, 1950) is a retired American freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics and won a gold and a silver medal, respectively. As a college wrestler, Peterson was a two-time NCAA champion at Iowa State. He founded the "Camp of Champs," which brought in Olympic wrestlers to train with high schoolers. Peterson also coached wrestling at Maranatha Baptist University for 28 years.

Iowa State Cyclones
The Iowa State Cyclones are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Iowa State University, located in Ames. The university is a member of the Big 12 Conference and competes in NCAA Division I, fielding 16 varsity teams (6 men's and 10 women's teams) in 12 sports.

The "Cyclones" name dates back to 1895. That year, Iowa suffered an unusually high number of devastating cyclones (as tornadoes were called at the time). In September, the football team from what was then Iowa Agricultural College traveled to Northwestern University and defeated that team by a score of 36–0. The next day, the Chicago Tribune's headline read "Struck by a Cyclone: It Comes from Iowa and Devastates Evanston Town." The article began, "Northwestern might as well have tried to play football with an Iowa cyclone as with the Iowa team it met yesterday." The nickname stuck.
Birkhoff–Grothendieck theorem
In mathematics, the Birkhoff–Grothendieck theorem classifies holomorphic vector bundles over the complex projective line. In particular every holomorphic vector bundle over  is a direct sum of holomorphic line bundles. The theorem was proved by Alexander Grothendieck (1957, Theorem 2.1), and is more or less equivalent to  Birkhoff factorization introduced by George David Birkhoff (1909).

Projective line
In projective geometry and mathematics more generally, a projective line is, roughly speaking, the extension of a usual line by a point called a point at infinity. The statement and the proof of many theorems of geometry are simplified by the resulting elimination of special cases; for example, two distinct projective lines in a projective plane meet in exactly one point (there is no "parallel" case).

There are many equivalent ways to formally define a projective line; one of the most common is to define a projective line over a field K, commonly denoted P1(K), as the set of one-dimensional subspaces of a two-dimensional K-vector space. This definition is a special instance of the general definition of a projective space.

The projective line over the reals is a manifold; see Real projective line for details.
A Glass of Champagne
"A Glass of Champagne" is a song written by Georg Kajanus. A recording of the song by the band Sailor, of which Kajanus was a member, was released in December 1975 and reached number 2 in the UK in January 1976. The single was produced by Jeffrey Lesser and Rupert Holmes.

Sailor (band)
Sailor were a British pop/glam rock group, best known in the 1970s for their hit singles "A Glass of Champagne" and "Girls, Girls, Girls", written by the group's lead singer and 12-string guitar player, Georg Kajanus.  According to the band's own website, Sailor stopped performing in May 2014.
Mpwayungu
Mpwayungu is an administrative ward in the Chamwino District of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 13,731 people in the ward, from 12,634 in 2012.

Dodoma Region
Dodoma Region (Mkoa wa Dodoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The regional capital is the city of Dodoma, which is also the capital of Tanzania. Dodoma region is located in central Tanzania, bordered by Singida region to the west, Manyara region to the north, Iringa region to the south, and Morogoro region to the east. Dodoma hosts the National Assembly of Tanzania or Bunge. Dodoma region also hosts one of the largest universities in Tanzania, the University of Dodoma. The region is the home of the Tanzanian wine industry, which is the second largest wine industry on the continent after South Africa. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 3,085,625; in the 2012 national census, the population was 2,083,588.
Zebronia phenice
Zebronia phenice is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stoll in 1782. It is found in Cameroon, Mayotte, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, La Réunion, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Gambia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

The larvae feed on Zizyphus mauritiana, Spathodea campanulata, Tecoma and Stenotaphrum species.

Spathodea
Spathodea is a genus in the plant family Bignoniaceae. The single species it contains, Spathodea campanulata, is commonly known as the African tulip tree or the Nandi Flame. The tree grows between 7–25 m (23–82 ft) tall and is native to tropical dry forests of Africa. It has been nominated as among 100 of the "World's Worst" invaders.

This tree is planted extensively as an ornamental tree throughout the tropics and is much appreciated for its very showy reddish-orange or crimson (rarely yellow), campanulate flowers. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek words σπαθη (spathe) and οιδα (oida), referring to the spathe-like calyx. It was identified by Europeans in 1787 on the Gold Coast of Africa.
Stan Shih
Stan Chen-Jung Shih (Chinese: 施振榮; pinyin: Shī Zhènróng; Wade–Giles: Shih Chen-Jung; Tâi-lô: Si Tsìn-îng; born 18 December 1944) is a Taiwanese businessman and engineer who is the co-founder and honorary chairman of Acer Inc.

Shih has also been involved in philanthropy and public service, including founding the Stan Shih Foundation and serving as Taiwan's Special Envoy at APEC in 2007. He has also held positions on the boards of various organizations, such as TSMC.

Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
The official romanization system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Taigi) in Taiwan is known as Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn, often shortened to Tâi-lô. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. The system is used in the MoE's Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi. Its main differences with Pe̍h-ōe-jī are that it uses ts tsh instead of ch chh, u instead of o in vowel combinations such as oa and oe, i instead of e in eng and ek, oo instead of o͘, and nn instead of ⁿ.
Sicienko, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Sicienko [ɕiˈt͡ɕɛnkɔ] (German: Wilhelmsort) is a village in Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Sicienko.

In 2006 the village had a population of 653.

Walther Wever (general), pre-war commander of the Luftwaffe, was born here.

Bydgoszcz County
Bydgoszcz County (Polish: powiat bydgoski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Bydgoszcz, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Bydgoszcz County are Solec Kujawski, which lies 17 km (11 mi) east of Bydgoszcz, and Koronowo, 23 km (14 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

The county covers an area of 1,394.8 square kilometres (538.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 118,041, out of which the population of Solec Kujawski is 15,652, that of Koronowo is 11,162, and the rural population is 91,227.
Curve (payment card)
Curve is a fintech company who propose the Curve card, a payment card that aggregates multiple payment cards through its accompanying digital wallet mobile app, allowing a user to make payments and withdrawals from a single card. It lets you "switch the bank card you paid with after each transaction is complete." Curve named this feature "Back in time".
The Curve company was acquired by Lloyds Banking Group in November 2025.

Hanaco Ventures
Hanaco Ventures is an Israeli venture capital fund that manages over $2 billion in assets. The capital was raised through six funds from private and institutional investors across Israel, the United States, Europe, and Asia. The firm has invested in over 60 technology companies at various stages.
Stanford University School of Medicine
The Stanford University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stanford University and is located in Stanford, California, United States. It traces its roots to the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, founded in San Francisco in 1858. This medical institution, then called Cooper Medical College, was acquired by Stanford in 1908. In 1959, the medical school moved to the Stanford campus near Palo Alto, California.

The School of Medicine, along with Stanford Health Care and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, is part of Stanford Medicine.

National Inventors Hall of Fame
The National Inventors Hall of Fame (NIHF) is an American not-for-profit organization, founded in 1973, which recognizes individual engineers and inventors who hold a US patent of significant technology. Besides the Hall of Fame, it also operates a museum in Alexandria, Virginia, sponsors educational programs, and a collegiate competition.

As of 2025, 652




inventors have been inducted, mostly constituting historic persons from the past three centuries, but also including living inductees. Nominees must hold a US patent of significant contribution to the US welfare, and which advances science and useful arts.
Gulraiz Afzal Gondal
Gulraiz Afzal Chan, also known as Gulraiz Afzal Gondal, is a Pakistani politician who served as a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 to January 2023. He is the son of former MPA Haji Muhammad Afzal Chan the founder of Mandi Bahauddin, and the elder brother of Nadeem Afzal Chan and Waseem Afzal Chan. He is also the son-in-law of Nazar Muhammad Gondal.

Mandi Bahauddin
Mandi Bahauddin (Punjabi / Urdu: مَنْڈی بَہَاءُ الدِّین, romanized: manḍī bahā-ud-dīn Punjabi: [mɐ̃ɳˈɖiː ˈbä˥ʊ̯˩d̪ˑiːnᵊ]; Urdu: [mə̃nˈɖiː ˈbəɦɑːʊ̯d̪.d̪iːn]) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is also called "The City of Lions". It is also the capital of Mandi Bahauddin District. It is the 43rd most populous city in Pakistan, according to the 2023 census. The city is about 220 metres above sea level and is located between the rivers Jhelum (north 12 km) and Chenab (south 39 km).

The name of the town originates from two sources, Mandi was a prefix because it was a grain market and Bahauddin was a Sufi saint.
Siege of Massilia (413)
The siege of Massilia was made by the Visigoths against the Roman city of Massilia, Gallia Narbonensis in 413. Campaigning in southern Gaul, the Visigothic king Ataulf had taken Toulouse and Narbonne and laid siege of Massilia. The city was defended by the capable Roman general Bonifacius. Ataulf failed to take Massilia, and later made peace with Emperor Honorius. Marrying Honorius' sister Galla Placidia. Ataulf was thereafter sent to recover Hispania for the empire.

Hispania
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, it was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Roman Empire, under the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was subdivided into Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was reorganized as Hispania Tarraconensis.

Beginning with Diocletian’s Tetrarchy (AD 293), the territory of Tarraconensis was further divided to create the provinces of Carthaginensis and Gallaecia (also called Callaecia, the origin of the name of modern Galicia). All the Hispanic provinces on the mainland, together with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later organized into the Diocesis Hispaniarum, governed by a vicarius.

The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names of Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.
Nicolas Rocks
Nicolas Rocks (60°34′S 46°6′W﻿ / ﻿60.567°S 46.100°W﻿ / -60.567; -46.100) is a group of rocks at the northwest side of the Larsen Islands, lying 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) off the west end of Coronation Island in the South Orkney Islands. Discovered by Captain George Powell and Captain Nathaniel Palmer in December 1821. Named "Cape Nicolas" by Powell after the feast day of Saint Nicholas, December 6, the approximate day of discovery. Powell's spelling "Nicolas" has been retained because of long usage, but the term rocks is considered more descriptive of the feature.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Nicolas Rocks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Nathaniel Palmer
Nathaniel Brown Palmer (August 8, 1799 – June 21, 1877) was an American seal hunter, explorer, sailing captain, ship designer, and a whale hunter, known for being one of the first persons to sight continental Antarctica. He gave his name to Palmer Land, which he explored in 1820 on his sloop Hero. He was born in Stonington, Connecticut, and was a descendant of Walter Palmer, one of the town's founders.
Leo Olsen
Christopher Leonidas Olsen (born 25 September 1981) is a Norwegian retired footballer.

He was born in Colombia, but was adopted to Harstad in Norway at the age of three. In 1996, he made his debut for Harstad. He was picked up by Tromsø in 2002 and played in the Norwegian Premier League. However, he had cruciate ligament injury problems. He played for Tromsdalen from 2005 to 2007 and joined Hønefoss in 2008.

He made his debut for Hønefoss on 13 April 2008 and played 53 matches to 1 January 2010 of which three were cup matches. Before the 2013 season he joined a small local team, Jevnaker.

After a lengthy spell in Jevnaker, he rejoined Hønefoss as playing coach for the reserve team. He also played two cup games for Hønefoss' A team.

Tromsdalen UIL
Tromsdalen UIL is a Norwegian sports club founded in 1938, from Tromsdalen in the municipality of Tromsø. It has sections for football, athletics, skiing and gymnastics.

The men's football team plays in 2. divisjon, the third level in Norwegian football. Their home games are played at Tromsdalen Stadion, which seats 3,000 spectators.  Their colors are red and blue.
Pem Prakash
Pem Prakash is a book written by Syed Shah Barkatullah Marharvi, who used Pemi in Hindi poems and Ishqi in Persian was a Sufi saint of Qadiriyya order from Marehra. In this book, he has written poems and emphasized on the oneness of God. It was written during the reign of Aurangzeb.

Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Lachhmi Dhar, head of Department of Sanskrit in the St. Stephens College under the University of Delhi, and Frank Brothers Publication had published the book.

Marehra
Marehra, (or Marehra Sharif) is a city and a municipal board in Etah district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.  Marehra is known for Khankah-e-Barkatiya Dargah. Marehra is also known as the Indian Capital of Sunni Muslims; thousands of devotees gather in Marehra annually for the festival of Urs.
Yeh Dil Maange More!
Yeh Dil Maange More! is an advertising slogan coined for Pepsi at JWT by Anuja Chauhan in 1998. It combines Hindi and English, literally meaning This Heart Desires More, which later became a popular slogan. The slogan and its derivatives have been used in multiple contexts in India. The worldwide  Pepsi commercial featuring the song, Ask for More, written by Janet Jackson was released in November 2007, later released a single in January 2008.

Dil Maange More
Dil Maange More!!! (transl. The Heart Wants More!!!) is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Anant Mahadevan and produced by Fourth Wall Productions. The film stars Shahid Kapoor, Ayesha Takia, Tulip Joshi, Soha Ali Khan (in her film debut), Gulshan Grover, and Zarina Wahab. It was released on 31 December 2004, and was a box office failure, though it boosted the careers of both Shahid Kapoor and Ayesha Takia.
Zhu Lilan
Zhu Lilan (Chinese: 朱丽兰; born August 1935) is a Chinese politician who served as minister of science and technology from 1998 to 2001 and chairperson of the National People's Congress Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee from 2003 to 2008.

Zhu was an alternate member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. She was a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th and 10th National People's Congress.

10th National People's Congress
The 10th National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 2003 to 2008. It held five plenary sessions in this period. There were 2,984 deputies to this Congress. It succeeded the 9th National People's Congress.
Trifești, Iași
Trifești is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Hermeziu, Trifești, Vladomira and Zaboloteni.

Hermeziu village was the ancestral home of the Negruzzi family.

Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova Occidentală, Moldova de Apus, or Moldova de Vest), also known as Romanian Moldavia, is the core historic and geographical part of the former Principality of Moldavia situated in eastern and north-eastern Romania. Until its union with Wallachia in 1859, the Principality of Moldavia also included, at various times in its history, the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina, and Hertsa; the larger part of the former is nowadays the independent state of Moldova, while the rest of it, the northern part of Bukovina, and Hertsa form territories of Ukraine.

Romanian Moldavia consists of eight counties, spanning over 18% of Romania's territory. Six out of the 8 counties make up Romania's designated Nord-Est development region, while the two southern counties are included within Romania's Sud-Est development region. It comprises roughly 48.67% of the wider region of Moldavia.