hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gandvik
Gandvik (northern sámi: Juvravuonna, kvääni: Juuriperä) is a city in Nesseby. The name is a compound of the words gand, and vik, meaning bay.

In Norse mythology, Gandvík is a dangerous sea, known as the "Bay of Serpents" because of its tortuous shape.

The 12th-13th century Dane Saxo Grammaticus stated that Gandvik was an old name for the Baltic Sea (a name misspelt Grandvik in some translations). The legend presumably refers to the Gulf of Bothnia. However, there are two opposite theories about where Gandvik was situated, based on the 1323 Treaty of Nöteborg: in the Arctic Ocean or the Gulf of Bothnia. Starting from the 1850s, the former received more support, in that Sweden had extended far out to the Arctic Ocean, but since the 1920s the latter has gained more support. However, Hversu Noregr byggðist, dating from the former part of the 13th century, is by most opinions referring to the White Sea when it uses the term Gandvik.

Kven language
Kven (kvääni; kainu; Finnish: kveeni; Norwegian: kvensk) is a Finnic language spoken in the northernmost parts of Norway by the Kven people. It is closely related to Meänkieli, spoken in Torne Valley in Sweden, and to the Peräpohjola dialects of Finnish. The status of Kven as a distinct language versus a dialect of Finnish has been debated. In 2005, Kven received the status of a minority language in Norway under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

There are about 1,500 to 10,000 known native speakers, most of whom are over the age of 60. Middle-aged speakers tend to have a passing knowledge of the language. They use it occasionally, but not frequently enough to keep it off the endangered list. People under the age of 30 rarely speak or know the language. However, children in the community of Børselv can learn Kven in their primary schools.
Piara Singh Bhaniara
Piara Singh Bhaniara (23 August 1958 – December 30, 2019) also known as Baba Bhaniara (or Bhaniarawala), was a Dalit religious leader from Punjab, India. He established a Sikh sect in the 1980s, which was opposed by mainline Khalsa Sikhs as insulting to their faith. In 2001, his followers published their own holy text Bhavsagar Granth, and allegedly insulted the Sikh holy book Guru Granth Sahib. This sparked violence against Bhaniara's followers. The Government of Punjab banned Bhavsagar Granth, and arrested and jailed Bhaniara.

Buta Singh
Buta Singh (21 March 1934 – 2 January 2021) was an Indian politician and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. He was a Union Home Minister of India, Governor of Bihar and was chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes from 2007 to 2010.
Begijnhof Chapel, Amsterdam
The Begijnhof Chapel, dedicated to Saint John and Saint Ursula, is a Roman Catholic chapel run by the Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament, in the St Nicholas Parish of Amsterdam. It is located in a former schuilkerk in the Begijnhof across from its original location, the English Reformed Church, Amsterdam. The Miracle of Amsterdam is commemorated yearly with a procession starting from this church.

Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament
The Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament (Latin: Congregatio Sanctissimi Sacramenti), commonly known as the Sacramentinos, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men, founded by Peter Julian Eymard. Its members use the postnominal letters S.S.S. They assist the Church in her efforts to form Christian communities whose center of life is the Eucharist. They commit themselves to the implementation of this ideal in collaboration with lay men and women engaged in various ministries.
Timorese in Malaysia
The East Timorese Malaysians or Florenese Malaysians consists of people of full or partial Timorese descent who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia. Timorese in Malaysia consist mainly of Timorese formerly resident in Indonesian West Timor as well as recent migrants from East Timor. Most of the Timorese arrived following the occupation of East Timor by Indonesia. Most of these Timorese reside in the state of Sabah especially on the east coast area of Tawau Division with some of them intermarried with the local peoples.

Interracial marriage
Interracial marriage is a marriage involving spouses who belong to different "races" or racialized ethnicities.

In the past, such marriages were outlawed in certain U.S. states, Nazi Germany and apartheid-era South Africa as miscegenation (Latin: 'mixing types') — a term which first appeared in Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White Man and Negro, a hoax anti-abolitionist pamphlet published in 1864. Even in 1960, interracial marriage was forbidden by law in 31 U.S. states.

It became legal throughout the United States in 1967, following the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States under Chief Justice Earl Warren in the case Loving v. Virginia, which ruled that race-based restrictions on marriages, such as the anti-miscegenation law in the state of Virginia, violated the Equal Protection Clause (adopted in 1868) of the United States Constitution.
Jennifer d'Abo
Jennifer Mary Victoria d'Abo (née Hammond-Maude, 14 August 1945 – 30 April 2003) was a British entrepreneur, best known for turning around the retail chain Ryman in the 1980s, and making stationery "trendy". According to Nicholas Faith writing in The Independent, she was "that rarest of phenomena, a serial female entrepreneur".

Stationery
Stationery refers to sheets, pads, envelopes, rolls, reels, and books for writing on, including cut paper, continuous form paper. Stationery usually specifies materials to be written on by hand (e.g., letter paper) or by equipment such as computer printers. Fasteners, writing instruments, utensils, machines, and containers sold by stationers or stationery shops are not stationery, but office supplies.
Follett Johnson
Follett Johnson (April 20, 1843 – March 9, 1909) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.

Johnson was born in Brasher, New York and was recruited to the army at Ogdensburg. Johnson was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of New Hope Church on May 27, 1864.

His Medal of Honor was issued on April 6, 1892

Battle of New Hope Church
The Battle of New Hope Church (May 25–26, 1864) was a clash between the Union Army under Major General William T. Sherman and the Confederate Army of Tennessee led by General Joseph E. Johnston during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War.
WRNN-FM
WRNN-FM (99.5 MHz) is a news/talk radio station licensed to Socastee, South Carolina, and serves the Grand Strand area.  The station is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 21.5 kW. The station goes by the name Hot Talk WRNN and its current slogan is "The Grand Strand's News Talk Network".  Its studios and transmitter are located separately in Myrtle Beach.

The station airs Mike Gallagher, Clay Travis and Buck Sexton, Sean Hannity, Mark Levin, and Rich Valdes. A local morning talk show hosted by Dave Priest & Leanne Graham also airs.

The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show
The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show (C&B) is an American radio program hosted by former Fox Sports Radio personality Clay Travis and former America Now/The Buck Sexton Show host Buck Sexton. It is broadcast on over 400 talk radio stations nationwide through syndication by Premiere Networks, and is considered the direct successor of The Rush Limbaugh Show.
Roxane
Roxane may be:

Another spelling of the female given name Roxanne

Roxane, a brand name of the drug roxatidine

317 Roxane, an asteroid

Roxana, wife of Alexander the Great

Roxane, the lover of Cyrano de Bergerac

Roxane (sailing boat), a 30 ft lugger yacht, designed by Nigel Irens

Roxatidine acetate
Roxatidine acetate is a specific and competitive histamine H2 receptor antagonist drug that is used to treat gastric ulcers, Zollinger–Ellison syndrome,  erosive esophagitis,  gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and gastritis.

Pharmacodynamic studies showed that 150 mg of roxatidine acetate were optimal in suppressing gastric acid secretion, and that a single bedtime dose of 150 mg was more effective than a dose of 75 mg twice daily in terms of inhibiting nocturnal acid secretion.

It was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use in 1986. It is available in countries including China, Japan, Korea, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Greece, and South Africa.
James D. Wright
James David Wright (November 6, 1947 – April 29, 2019) was an American sociologist. He had been the Provost's Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Central Florida since 2001. Since 2013, he had also been a Pegasus Professor there. He wrote 17 books and over 250 peer-reviewed papers. From 1978 until 2014, he was the editor-in-chief of the academic journal Social Science Research.

Social Science Research
Social Science Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of sociology. It was established in 1972 by Academic Press and is currently published by Elsevier, which acquired Academic Press in 2000. The editor-in-chief is Stephanie Moller (University of North Carolina at Charlotte).
Sportivo Villa Urquiza
Club Sportivo Villa Urquiza was an Argentine football club located in the Villa Urquiza district of Buenos Aires. The club, founded in 1916, had a brief stint in the top division of Argentine football, Primera División, in mid 1920s, before merging to Club San Martín in 1925.

Villa Urquiza was one of the several football teams based on the north side of Buenos Aires that participated in competitions organised by the Argentine Football Association (AFA), along with Alumni, Platense, Platense II, Kimberley (1912–15), and Palermo (1925–26).

Villa Urquiza
Villa Urquiza is a barrio or neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located between the barrios of Villa Pueyrredón, Belgrano, Villa Ortúzar, Coghlan, Saavedra and Agronomía. Its limits are the streets and avenues Constituyentes, Crisólogo Larralde, Galván, Núñez, Tronador, Roosevelt, Rómulo S. Naón and La Pampa.

It is a residential neighborhood with both old houses and apartment buildings, quiet streets and a few crowded, high-traffic avenues. It has several parks that make it very pleasant. During the summer, it is not uncommon to see neighbors comfortably sitting on chairs on the sidewalk, chatting with each other.

It is also home of several institutions of importance to the Buenos Aires culture, such as the tango and milonga ballrooms Sunderland and Club Sin Rumbo, Argentine rock pioneer Litto Nebbia's Melopea Records, and the winner of three in a row futsal metropolitan tournaments, Club Pinocho.
Tir Iarll
Tir Iarll (Welsh for 'Earl's Land'; Welsh pronunciation: [ˌtiːr ˈjarɬ]), is the traditional name of an area of Glamorgan, Wales, which has long had a particular resonance in Welsh culture.

In medieval times Tir Iarll was a cwmwd covering the present-day parishes of Llangynwyd, Betws, Cynffig and Margam. It long preserved traditional customs, notably the Mari Lwyd or Grey Mare.

The late medieval Welsh poets Rhys Brydydd, his son Rhisiart ap Rhys and brother (or son) Gwilym Tew all came from Tir Iarll.

Cynffig
Cynffig was a community in the west of Bridgend County Borough, bordering Neath Port Talbot, Wales. The community included the villages of North Cornelly, South Cornelly, Kenfig and Pyle.

Following The Bridgend (Cynffig, Cornelly and Pyle Communities) (Electoral Changes) Order 2002 the community was divided to create new Pyle and Cornelly communities, each with a new community council of nine members. The new council members were elected at the May 2004 elections.

At the local level Cynffig was governed by Cynffig Community Council. In 2010 legal proceedings were finally dropped against Margaret Jones, who had been the council clerk from 1982 to 2002. There had been a dispute about the size of her retirement gratuity.
Neath Abbey
Neath Abbey (Welsh: Abaty Nedd) was a Cistercian monastery, located near the present-day town of Neath in South Wales, UK. It was once the largest abbey in Wales. Substantial ruins can still be seen, and are in the care of Cadw. Tudor historian John Leland called Neath Abbey "the fairest abbey of all Wales."

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Fahan railway station
Fahan railway station served Fahan in County Donegal, Ireland.

The station opened on 19 September 1864 on the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway line from Londonderry Graving Dock to Carndonagh. Facilities included a goods shed, cattle pens and a spur to the end of the original Fahan Pier.

In January 1881 one James Bond was appointed Station Master to replace his predecessor who had been dismissed. It is reputed SM Bond in 1885 erected a small windmill powering a dynamo to generate electricity to light the station.

It closed for passengers on 6 September 1948.

After its closure as a railway station, the building continues to in use as a restaurant and pub, named the 'Railway Tavern & Firebox Grill'.

Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway
The Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway Company (The L&LSR, the Swilly) was an Irish public transport and freight company that operated in parts of County Londonderry and County Donegal between 1853 and 2014.

Established in the Victorian era and incorporated in June 1853, the L&LSR operated 99 miles of railways at its peak. With its rail services struggling to be profitable, it began a transition to bus and road freight services in 1929 and closed its last railway line in July 1953.

As it continued to operate bus services under the name Lough Swilly Bus Company into the 21st century, the L&LSR became the oldest railway company in the world to continue trading as a commercial concern. However, following a High Court petition by HM Revenue and Customs, the company went into liquidation, operating its final bus services on 19 April 2014.
Theon of Alexandria
Theon of Alexandria (/ˌθiːən, -ɒn/; Ancient Greek: Θέων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; c. AD 335 – c. 405) was a Greek scholar and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Egypt. He edited and arranged Euclid's Elements and wrote commentaries on works by Euclid and Ptolemy. His daughter Hypatia also won fame as a mathematician.

Suda
The Suda or Souda (/ˈsuːdə/; Medieval Greek: Σοῦδα Soûda [ˈsuða]; Latin: Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas (Σουίδας). It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers.
Ergodicity economics
Ergodicity economics is a research programme that applies the concept of ergodicity to problems in economics and decision-making under uncertainty. The programme's main goal is to understand how traditional economic theory, framed in terms of the expectation values, changes when replacing expectation value with time averages. In particular, the programme is interested in understanding how behaviour is shaped by non-ergodic economic processes, that is processes where the expectation value of an observable does not equal its time average.

Geometric Brownian motion
A geometric Brownian motion (GBM), also known as an exponential Brownian motion, is a continuous-time stochastic process in which the logarithm of the randomly varying quantity follows a Brownian motion with drift. It is an important example of stochastic processes satisfying a stochastic differential equation (SDE); in particular, it is used in mathematical finance to model stock prices in the Black–Scholes model.
Vegan cheese
Vegan cheese is a category of non-dairy, plant-based cheese alternative. Vegan cheeses range from soft fresh cheeses to aged and cultured hard grateable cheeses like plant-based Parmesan. The defining characteristic of vegan cheese is the exclusion of all animal products.

Vegan cheese can be made with components derived from vegetables, such as proteins, fats and plant milks. It also can be made from seeds, such as sesame, sunflower, nuts (cashew, pine nut, peanuts, almond) and soybeans; other ingredients are coconut oil, nutritional yeast, tapioca, rice, potatoes and spices.

Coconut oil
Coconut oil (or coconut fat) is an edible oil derived from the meat of the coconut palm fruit. Coconut oil is a white solid fat below around 25 °C (77 °F), and a clear thin liquid oil at higher temperatures. Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma. Coconut oil is used as a food oil, and in industrial applications for cosmetics and detergent production. The oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids.

Due to its high levels of saturated fat, numerous health authorities recommend limiting its consumption as a food.

Coconut oil is widely used for cooking and baking due to its high smoke point and distinct flavor.
Jaipal Reddy
Sudini Jaipal Reddy (16 January 1942 – 28 July 2019) was an Indian politician who was the Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha of India for five terms. He represented the Chevella constituency of Telangana and was a member of the Indian National Congress. He served as a Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting in the I. K. Gujral cabinet in 1998. In 1999 he returned to Indian National Congress after 21 years. In 2004 he was re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha from Miryalaguda Lok Sabha Constituency and then he served as a Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting and Union Minister for Urban Development in the United Progressive Alliance-1. In 2009 he was re-elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from the Chevella constituency and served as a Union Minister for Urban Development and Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas. He was the Union Minister for the Ministry of Earth Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology from 29 October 2012 to 18 May 2014.

United Progressive Alliance
The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress. It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority.

The UPA subsequently governed India from 2004 until 2014 for two terms before losing power to their main rivals, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance. The UPA used to rule seven States and union territories of India before it was dissolved to form the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023 ahead of the 2024 general election.
M44 self-propelled howitzer
The M44 was an American-made self-propelled 155 mm howitzer based on the M41 Walker Bulldog tank chassis, first introduced in the early 1950s. Flaws in its design prevented it from seeing action in the Korean War, but the type went on to serve in the armies of the United States, West Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom into the late Cold War period, and even longer in Turkish service.

Rheinmetall
Rheinmetall AG (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnmeˌtal]) is a German automotive and arms manufacturer, headquartered in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The group was promoted to the DAX, Germany's leading stock market index, in March 2023. It is the largest German and fifth-largest European arms manufacturer, and produces a variety of armored fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, in both wheeled and tracked versions, as well as warships through Blohm+Voss. It also manufactures artillery, air defense systems, anti-tank weapons and ammunition. Its name is derived from the German-language words Rhein and Metall, translating to "Rhine-metal" when combined.
Carpenter Body Company
Carpenter Body Works (typically referred to simply as Carpenter) was an American bus manufacturer based in Mitchell, Indiana. Founded in 1918, the company produced a variety of vehicles, with the majority of production consisting of yellow school buses for the United States and Canada.

Remaining a family-owned company into the late 1980s, Carpenter entered bankruptcy at the end of 1989 and was forced to reorganize to survive. In 1995, the company relocated to the former Wayne Corporation facilities in Richmond, Indiana; in 1996, the company rebranded its product line as "Crown by Carpenter". In 1998, Carpenter was acquired by specialty vehicle manufacturer Spartan Motors.

In early 2001, Carpenter ended vehicle production, as its market share declined further.

School bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world, including Canada.

In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices.
Walter Howell
Walter Neville Howell OAM (born 17 December 1929) is an Australian former representative and Olympic medal winning rower. He competed at two Olympic Games, racing at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics in the men's eight and at the 1960 Rome Olympics in the Men's coxed pair. He won a gold medal at the 1962 Perth Commonwealth Games in the Men's eight and represented in the Australian eight at the inaugural 1962 World Rowing Championships.

Coxed pair
A coxed pair, abbreviated as a 2+, is a racing shell used in the sport of competitive rowing. It is designed for two persons who propel the boat with sweep oars and is steered by a coxswain (cox).

The crew consists of two rowers, each having one oar, and a cox. One rower is on the port side and other is on the starboard side. The cox steers the boat using a rudder and may be seated at the stern of the boat (from where there is a view of the crew) or in the bow (known as a bowloader). With a bowloader, amplification is needed to communicate with the crew which is sitting behind, but the cox has a better view of the course, and the weight distribution may help the boat go faster. When there is no cox, the boat is referred to as a  "coxless pair".
Operator (profession)
An operator is a professional designation used in various industries,  including broadcasting (in television and radio), computing, power generation and transmission, customer service, physics, and construction.  Operators are day-to-day end users of systems, that may or may not be mission-critical, but are typically managed and maintained by technicians or engineers.  They might also work on a 24-hour rotating shift schedule.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.