hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emily S. Patterson
Emily S. Patterson is an American ergonomist and academic. She is a professor in the Ohio State University College of Medicine.

Patterson's research is in the field of human factors engineering, with a focus on its application to health informatics and macrocognition to improve patient safety, and quality in healthcare. She co-edited the book Macrocognition Metrics and Scenarios: Design and Evaluation for Real-World Teams and is the recipient of the Alexander C. Williams, Jr., Award.

Health care quality
Health care quality is a level of value provided by any health care resource, as determined by some measurement. As with quality in other fields, it is an assessment of whether something is good enough and whether it is suitable for its purpose. The goal of health care is to provide medical resources of high quality to all who need them; that is, to ensure good quality of life, cure illnesses when possible, and to extend life expectancy. Researchers use a variety of quality measures to attempt to determine health care quality, including counts of a therapy's reduction or lessening of diseases identified by medical diagnosis, a decrease in the number of risk factors which people have following preventive care, or a survey of health indicators in a population who are accessing certain kinds of care.
Lia Ditton
Aurelia M. Ditton (born 1980), known professionally as Lia Ditton, is a British professional yachtswoman, ocean rower, speaker, author and conceptual artist.

Ditton is a celebrated long-distance sea-farer.

In her first solo crossing of the Atlantic under sail in 2005, aged 25, Ditton was the youngest competitor and only woman to finish the O.S.T.A.R. (Original Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race).  Ditton finished 4th in the multihull class after 27 days 9 hours and 19 minutes alone at sea.

In 2020, Ditton broke two Guinness World Records by rowing solo from the US mainland to Hawaii. She completed the journey in 86 days, 10 hours and 5 minutes, becoming the youngest and fastest woman to row the mid-Pacific Ocean.

Yachting
Yachting is recreational boating activities using medium/large-sized boats or small ships collectively called yachts. Yachting is distinguished from other forms of boating mainly by the priority focus on comfort and luxury, the dependence on marinas for docking, and being typically only for exclusive social leisures such as cruising, fishing trips or racing.

The term "yacht" derives from the Dutch word jacht, meaning "hunt". When yachting with sailboats, the activity is simply called sailing; and with motorboats, it is called powerboating. A boat club that only services yachting participants is known as a yacht club.
Proto-Italic language
The Proto-Italic language is the ancestor of the Italic languages, most notably Latin and its descendants, the Romance languages. It is not directly attested in writing, but has been reconstructed to some degree through the comparative method. Proto-Italic descended from the earlier Proto-Indo-European language.

Independent clause
In traditional grammar, an independent clause (or main clause) is a clause that can stand by itself as a simple sentence. An independent clause contains a subject and a predicate and makes sense by itself.

Independent clauses can be joined by using a semicolon or by using a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet, etc.).
Undine Smith Moore
Undine Eliza Anna Smith Moore (25 August 1904 – 6 February 1989), the "Dean of Black Women Composers", was an American composer and professor of music in the twentieth century. Moore was originally trained as a classical pianist, but developed a compositional output of mostly vocal music—her preferred genre. Much of her work was inspired by black spirituals and folk music. Undine Smith Moore was a renowned teacher, and once stated that she experienced "teaching itself as an art". Towards the end of her life, she received many awards for her accomplishments as a music educator.

Fisk University
Fisk University is a private historically black liberal arts college in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1866 and its 40-acre (16 ha) campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1930, Fisk became the first historically black institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Fisk is the oldest institution for higher education in Nashville.
Gnu code
In quantum information, the gnu code refers to a particular family of quantum error correcting codes, with the special property of being invariant under permutations of the qubits. Given integers g (the gap), n (the occupancy), and m (the length of the code), the two codewords are

where  are the Dicke states consisting of a uniform superposition of all weight-k words on m qubits, e.g.

The real parameter  scales the length of the code. The number  needs to be at least 1. The length , hence the name of the code. The distance of the code is the minimum of  and . For  and , the gnu code is capable of correcting  erasure errors, or deletion errors. The code can also correct up to  corrupted qubits from the property of the distance.

Deletion channel
A deletion channel is a communications channel model used in coding theory and information theory. In this model, a transmitter sends a bit (a zero or a one), and the receiver either receives the bit (with probability ) or does not receive anything without being notified that the bit was dropped (with probability ). Determining the capacity of the deletion channel is an open problem.

The deletion channel should not be confused with the binary erasure channel which is much simpler to analyze.
2014–15 New Zealand Football Championship
The 2014–15 New Zealand Football Championship season (currently known as the ASB Premiership  for sponsorship reasons) was the eleventh season of the NZFC since its establishment in 2004. Nine teams are involved this season, which includes the newly formed Wellington Phoenix reserve team. Auckland City and Team Wellington will represent the ASB Premiership in the 2014–15 OFC Champions League after finishing Champions and Runners-up respectively in the 2013–14 competition.

2014–15 OFC Champions League
The 2014–15 OFC Champions League (officially the 2015 Fiji Airways OFC Champions League for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th edition of the Oceanian Club Championship, Oceania's premier club football tournament organized by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), and the 9th season under the current OFC Champions League name.

In an all-New Zealand final, four-time defending champions Auckland City defeated Team Wellington 4–3 on penalties (1–1 after extra time) to win their fifth consecutive and seventh overall title. As the winner of the 2014–15 OFC Champions League, Auckland City earned the right to represent the OFC at the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup.
Canley Vale railway station
Canley Vale railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Main Southern line, serving the Sydney suburb of Canley Vale. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Leppington & Inner West Line and T5 Cumberland Line services.

Sydney Trains
Sydney Trains is the brand name and operator of suburban and intercity train services in and around Greater Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.

The metropolitan part of the network is a hybrid urban-suburban rail system with a central underground core. It covers 369 km (229 mi) of route length over 919 km (571 mi) of track, with 169 stations on nine lines.

The network has frequencies of 5–10 minutes at peak-time at most inner-city and major stations, and 15 minutes off-peak at most minor stations. During the weekday peak, train services are more frequent. Nearly the entire fleet consists of bilevel electric multiple unit trains.

The network is managed by Transport for NSW and is part of its Opal ticketing system. In 2024–25, 270 million passenger journeys were made on the suburban network, making it the most-used rail network in Australia.
Runowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Runowo [ruˈnɔvɔ] (German: Ruhnow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Węgorzyno, within Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Węgorzyno, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Łobez, and 64 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Węgorzyno
Węgorzyno [vɛŋɡɔˈʐɨnɔ] (German: Wangerin) is a town in Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, located on Lake Węgorzyno. It is the seat of Gmina Węgorzyno. It is a retail and leisure resort.
Or So the Story Goes
Or So the Story Goes is a web series created by Melissa Malone. As a horror anthology, each season brings to life a classic children's tale with a dark, modern twist; including Little Red Riding Hood, Peter Pan, Hansel and Gretel, Rumplestiltskin, and Jack and the Beanstalk.

Rumpelstiltskin
"Rumpelstiltskin" (/ˌrʌmpəlˈstɪltskɪn/ RUMP-əl-STILT-skin; German: Rumpelstilzchen [ˈʁʊmpl̩ˌʃtiːltsçn̩] ⓘ) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in the 1812 edition of Children's and Household Tales. The story is about an imp who spins straw into gold in exchange for a woman's firstborn child.
Jeremy Grantham
Robert Jeremy Goltho Grantham CBE (born 6 October 1938) is a British investor and co-founder and chief investment strategist of GMO LLC, a Boston-based asset management firm. GMO had more than US$118 billion in assets under management as of March 2015. This number dropped to $65 billion as of December 2020. He has been a vocal critic of various governmental responses to the 2008 financial crisis. Grantham started one of the world's first index funds in the early 1970s.

In 2011, he was included in the 50 Most Influential ranking of Bloomberg Markets magazine.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
2023 Porsche Carrera Cup France
The 2023 Porsche Carrera Cup France was the 37th season of the Porsche Carrera Cup France. The season began at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya on 22 April and ended at Circuit Paul Ricard on 8 October. Forestier Racing CLRT driver Dorian Boccolacci won the drivers' title, beating Alessandro Ghiretti by 24 points.

Côme Ledogar
Côme Norbert Ledogar (born 23 May 1991) is a professional racing driver from France. He is best known for winning the Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup overall title in 2016, with Robert Bell and Shane van Gisbergen, and for winning the 2021 24 Hours of Spa overall and the 2021 24 Hours of Le Mans in the GTE Pro class.
Michael Ray Bower
Michael Bower is an American actor best known for his role as Eddie "Donkeylips" Gelfen on the television program Salute Your Shorts, which aired from 1991 to 1992 on Nickelodeon and for which he won a  Young Artist Award.

Doogie Howser, M.D.
Doogie Howser, M.D. is an American medical sitcom that ran for four seasons on ABC from September 19, 1989, to March 24, 1993, totaling 97 episodes. Created by Steven Bochco and David E. Kelley, the show stars Neil Patrick Harris in the title role as a teenage physician who balances the challenge of practicing medicine with the everyday problems of teenage life.
NSB Class 11
The NSB Type 11 were locomotives with the wheel arrangement 1'C (2–6–0), which were built between 1891 and 1896 by Dübs and Company in Glasgow and Nylands mekaniske verksted in Oslo in twelve examples in different versions for Norwegian state railway. Three locomotives were rebuilt into the Type 15d and Type 15h series. In the early days, its main use was on goods trains.

Hamar
Hamar [ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr] ⓘ is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake. Historically, it was the principal city of the former Hedmark county, now part of the larger Innlandet county.

The town of Hamar lies in the southwestern part of Hamar Municipality. The 14.21-square-kilometre (5.49 sq mi) town has a population (2024) of 30,030 and a population density of 2,113 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,470/sq mi). The urban area of the town actually extends over the municipal borders into both Ringsaker Municipality and Stange Municipality. About 1.7 square kilometres (420 acres) and 2,438 residents within the town are actually located in Ringsaker Municipality and another 0.3 square kilometres (74 acres) and 332 residents of the town are located within Stange Municipality.
Boczkowice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Boczkowice [bɔt͡ʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszczowa, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Włoszczowa and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Włoszczowa
Włoszczowa [vwɔˈʂt͡ʂɔva] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Kielce. It is the capital of Włoszczowa County. Population is 10,657 (2010). Włoszczowa lies in historic Lesser Poland. The town has the area of 30 km2 (12 sq mi) (11 sq miles).
Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi; Jawi: کمنترين ڤنديديقن تيڠݢي ‎) is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for higher education, polytechnic, community college, student loan, accreditation, student volunteer. Its main office is in Putrajaya. The ministry was formed on 27 March 2004, merged back into the Ministry of Education on 14 May 2013, but then reformed on 28 July 2015. After the 2018 general election, the ministry became a higher education division under the MOE. In the Muhyiddin cabinet, the higher education division was separated again from the Ministry of Education to form as a new ministry since 10 March 2020.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
Aloeides susanae
Aloeides susanae, commonly known as the Susan's copper, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, where it is found from the KwaZulu-Natal midlands to the Free State and the Eastern Cape.

The wingspan is 21–24 mm for males and 22–26 mm females. Adults are on wing from September to January. There is one, or possibly two, generations per year.

Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal
The KwaZulu-Natal midlands is an inland area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that starts from Pietermaritzburg and ends before the Drakensberg mountain range; between  Pietermaritzburg, Estcourt and Greytown.
Flag officers of the Kriegsmarine
Flag officers of the Kriegsmarine were the leadership of the German Navy (known then as the "Kriegsmarine") from 1935 to 1945.  Most flag officers had also served as officers of the Reichsmarine, as well as the Imperial German Navy during World War I.  German naval flag officers were divided into five Admiralty ranks while a senior captain rank, known as Kommodore also existed.  The Kriegsmarine flag officers were responsible for holding the senior most naval positions within the organization of the Kriegsmarine.

German Navy
The German Navy (German: Deutsche Marine, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə maˈʁiːnə] ⓘ) is part of the unified Bundeswehr (Federal Defense), the German Armed Forces. The German Navy was originally known as the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy) from 1956 to 1995, when Deutsche Marine (German Navy) became the official name with respect to the 1990 incorporation of the East German Volksmarine (People's Navy). It is deeply integrated into the NATO alliance. Its primary mission is protection of Germany's territorial waters and maritime infrastructure as well as sea lines of communication. Apart from this, the German Navy participates in peacekeeping operations, and renders humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. It also participates in anti-piracy operations.
Ketolysis
Ketolysis is the process of catabolizing ketones, the opposite of ketogenesis which is the process of synthesizing ketones. Ketolysis provides more energy for ATP synthesis than fatty acid oxidation (beta oxidation).

Ketogenesis occurs primarily in the liver, whereas ketolysis occurs in non-liver cells, especially in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. The SCOT enzyme (aka thiophorase) is required for ketolysis, and is present in the mitochondria of all mammalian cells except for hepatocytes.

Although type II cells of the pulmonary alveolus possess monocarboxylate transporters to transport of beta hydroxybutyrate precursors into the cytoplasm, the absence of ketolytic enzymes results in the cells being unable to catabolize the beta hydroxybutyrate.

The cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors have been attributed to the elevated ketone levels and increased ketolysis.

Hepatocyte
A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver. Hepatocytes make up 80% of the liver's mass.

These cells are involved in:

Protein synthesis

Protein storage

Transformation of carbohydrates

Synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids

Detoxification, modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances

Initiation of formation and secretion of bile
Beauvericin
Beauvericin is a depsipeptide with antibiotic and insecticidal effects belonging to the enniatin family. It was isolated from the fungus Beauveria bassiana, but is also produced by several other fungi, including several Fusarium species; it may therefore occur in grain (such as corn, wheat and barley) contaminated with these fungi. Beauvericin is active against Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria, and is also capable of inducing programmed cell death in mammals.

Chemically, beauvericin is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide with alternating N-methyl-phenylalanyl and D-hydroxy-iso-valeryl residues. Its ion-complexing capability allows beauvericin to transport alkaline earth metal and alkali metal ions across cell membranes.

Beauvericin has in vitro fungicidal effects on Candida parapsilosis when used in combination with the antifungal drug ketoconazole at dosages of 0.1 μg/ml.  Increased survivability rates and low cytotoxicity were also observed in mouse models.

Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans.

Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill.
Division of Brisbane
The Division of Brisbane is an Australian electoral division in the state of Queensland. It is centred on and named after the city of Brisbane, the state capital. The division encompasses Brisbane CBD and surrounding areas on the left bank of the Brisbane River.

Since 2025 its MP has been Madonna Jarrett of the Labor Party.

Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives
Electorates (also known as electoral divisions, federal divisions or seats) are the single-member electoral districts of the Australian House of Representatives; the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. There are currently 150 federal electorates.
Ethics Council
In Ukraine, the Ethics Council is a legal body of three Ukrainian and three international members created in 2021 to appoint members of the High Council of Justice. Anti-corruption organisations AutoMaidan, Dejure, and Anti-Corruption Action Center criticised the council's June 2022 appointments as including "tainted" judges and for refusing a well-known anti-corruption judge and whistleblower, Larysa Golnyk.

Anti-Corruption Action Center
The Anti-Corruption Action Center (AntAC; Ukrainian: Центр протидії корупції, romanized: Tsentr protydiyi koruptsiyi) is a Ukrainian non-governmental organization, founded in 2012, that aims to oppose corruption in Ukraine.
Burton Park SSSI
Burton Park SSSI is a 57.7-hectare (143-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Pulborough in West Sussex. A larger area of 63 hectares (160 acres), including Chingford Pond to the west, is designated a Local Nature Reserve called Burton and Chingford Ponds, which is managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust and West Sussex County Council. The site is adjacent to Burton Park, a Grade I listed building.

This site comprises a large pond, carr woodland, bog, wet heath and marshy grassland. There is a diverse range of invertebrates including three nationally rare species, the snail Omphiscola glabra and the craneflies Erioptera meijerei and Tipula marginata. The site is also important for its breeding water birds, such as water rails and great crested grebes.

Great crested grebe
The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The bird is characterised by its distinctive appearance, featuring striking black, orange-brown, and white plumage, and elaborate courtship display that involves synchronised dances and displays.
Copper mining in Mongolia
In Mongolia, copper mining is a major industry and source of income for the country.  There are only two companies that produce copper concentrate, Erdenet Mining Corporation, a Mongolian-Russian joint venture, and the Oyu Tolgoi mine, a joint venture between Rio Tinto Group, Turquoise Hill Resources, and the Government of Mongolia.  Until 2010 copper was Mongolia's largest export.

Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert is a large, cold desert and grassland region in southern Mongolia and North China. It is the sixth-largest desert in the world.

The name of the desert comes from the Mongolian word gobi, used to refer to all of the waterless regions in the Mongolian Plateau; in Chinese, gobi is used to refer to rocky, semi-deserts such as the Gobi itself rather than sandy deserts.
Meta noise
Meta noise refers to inaccurate or irrelevant metadata. This is particularly prevalent in systems with a schema not based on a controlled vocabulary, such as certain folksonomies.

Examples:

misspelled tags (wihte instead of white), or tags with multiple spellings (hip-hop and hip hop)

obviously inaccurate or joke tags (dog on a content object featuring only a cat)

On systems open to large user groups, tags which are understood by only a minority of users.

Controlled vocabulary
A controlled vocabulary provides a way to organize knowledge for subsequent retrieval. Controlled vocabularies are used in subject indexing schemes, subject headings, thesauri, taxonomies and other knowledge organization systems. Controlled vocabulary schemes mandate the use of predefined, preferred terms that have been preselected by the designers of the schemes, in contrast to natural language vocabularies, which have no such restriction.