hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thurbrand the Hold
Thurbrand (Old English: Þūrbrand; fl. 1010s; died c. 1024), nicknamed "the Hold", was a Northumbrian magnate in the early 11th century. Perhaps based in Holderness and East Yorkshire, Thurbrand was recorded as the killer of Uhtred the Bold, Earl of Northumbria. The killing appears to have been part of the war between Sweyn Forkbeard and Cnut the Great against the English king Æthelred the Unready, Uhtred being the latter's chief Northumbrian supporter. Thurbrand may also have attested a charter of 1009 and given a horse to Æthelred's son Æthelstan Ætheling. The killing is the first-known act, if it did not initiate, a bloodfeud between Thurbrand's family and Uhtred going into the time of Earl Waltheof. It is possible that Holderness took its name because of Thurbrand's presence or ownership of the peninsula.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
Russell Court
Russell Court is a modernist apartment block in Woburn Place, in the Bloomsbury district of London, on the corner with Coram Street, just north of Russell Square. It was designed by George Val Myer and Francis Watson-Hart on an L-shaped plan with a curved recess on the corner and a motor garage below. It is one of a number of large apartment blocks built in London in the 1930s and has 501 small "bachelor flats" intended for students and people of modest means. Today, the freehold of the property is collectively owned by the flat leaseholders.

A4200 road
The A4200 is a major thoroughfare in central London. It runs between the A4 at Aldwych, to the A400 Hampstead Road/Camden High Street, at Mornington Crescent tube station, via Holborn, Bloomsbury, Euston and Somers Town.
El Toro Wilderness
El Toro Wilderness (Spanish: Selva El Toro) is a 10,254-acre (41.5 km2) federally designated National Wilderness Preservation System unit located within El Yunque National Forest (formerly known as the Caribbean National Forest) on the Sierra de Luquillo in eastern Puerto Rico.  El Toro, named after the highest peak in the forest at 3,524 feet (1,074 m), is the only tropical wilderness in the United States National Forest System. It was created in 2005 by the Caribbean National Forest Act of 2005.

In descending order of land area, the wilderness is located in parts of the municipalities of Río Grande, Naguabo, Las Piedras, and Canóvanas. El Toro Wilderness, along with the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), is part of the Luquillo Biosphere Reserve, a designated UNESCO biosphere reserve, which emphasizes the site’s importance in the global protection of biodiversity through conservation action.

Man and the Biosphere Programme
The Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1970 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the 'improvement of relationships' between people and their environments.

MAB engages with the international development agenda, especially the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda. The MAB programme provides a platform for cooperation in research and development. As of July 2024, 759 sites across 136 countries, including 22 transboundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.  The reserves cover more than 5% of the world’s surface and are home to over 260 million people.
Taras Hryb
Taras Hryb (27 March 1952 in Victoria, British Columbia – 25 November 2021 in Salmon Arm, British Columbia) was a Canadian wrestler who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics. In the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, he finished third in the 82.0 kg freestyle category. In the 1971 Pan American Games he finished third in the 87.0 kg freestyle category. Hryb was inducted into the Canadian Wrestling Hall of Fame in 1988 and the Greater Victoria Sports Hall of Fame in 2002.

1971 Pan American Games
The 1971 Pan American Games, officially known as the VI Pan American Games (Spanish: VI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Cali 1971, were held in Cali, Colombia, from 30 July to 13 August 1971. (One source dates the Games from July 25 to August 8.) A total of 2,935 athletes from 32 countries participated in 17 sports. (One source put the number of competing athletes at 4,000.)
Pedicellaria
A pedicellaria (pl.: pedicellariae) is a small wrench- or claw-shaped appendage with movable jaws, called valves, commonly found on echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata), particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea).

Each pedicellaria is an effector organ with its own set of muscles, neuropils, and sensory receptors and is therefore capable of reflex responses to the environment.
Pedicellariae are poorly understood but in some taxa, they are thought to keep the body surface clear of algae, encrusting organisms, and other debris in conjunction with the ciliated epidermis present in all echinoderms.

These structures are derived from the mesodermal skeleton.

Sensory neuron
Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are in the nervous system which convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials. This process is called sensory transduction. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord.

The sensory information travels on the  afferent nerve fibers in a sensory nerve, to the brain via the spinal cord. Spinal nerves transmit external sensations via sensory nerves to the brain through the spinal cord. The stimulus can come from exteroreceptors outside the body, or interoreceptors inside the body.
Bob Christiansen
Robert Scott Christiansen (born May 8, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Buffalo Bills in 1972.

For the 1971 season playing college football for the UCLA Bruins, he was named to the all-conference first-team.  He played for Reseda High School.

UCLA Bruins
The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin men's and women's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF). For football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I (formerly Division I-A). UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 125 NCAA team championships. UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women.
Glinjeni, Fălești
Glinjeni is a village in Fălești District, Moldova. It is one the biggest villages  in the Fălești District. After the death of Piotr Gafinciuc on 08.11.2022, special elections were called, Zarija Viorel from Our Party being elected as the new Mayor, being reelected on 05.11.2023.

Our Party (Moldova)
Our Party (Romanian: Partidul Nostru, PN), formerly known as the Republican People's Party (Romanian: Partidul Popular Republican, PPR), is a left-wing populist political party in Moldova. Founded in 1999 as the Peasants' Christian Democratic Party of Moldova (Partidul Țărănesc Creștin Democrat din Moldova), it promotes social conservatism, along with soft Euroscepticism and soft Russophilia. The party's chairman is Renato Usatîi.
Welfare trap
The welfare trap (aka the welfare cliff, unemployment trap, or poverty trap in British English) theory asserts that taxation and welfare systems can jointly contribute to keep people on social insurance because the withdrawal of means-tested benefits that comes with entering low-paid work causes there to be no significant increase in total income. According to this hypothesis, an individual sees that the opportunity cost of getting a better paying job is too great for too little a financial return, and this can create a perverse incentive to not pursue a better paying job.

Opportunity cost
In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives. Assuming the best choice is made, it is the "cost" incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would have been had if the second best available choice had been taken instead. The New Oxford American Dictionary defines it as "the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen". As a representation of the relationship between scarcity and choice, the objective of opportunity cost is to ensure efficient use of scarce resources. It incorporates all associated costs of a decision, both explicit and implicit. Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure, or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered an opportunity cost.
Alexander Dogiel
Alexander Stanislavovich Dogiel or Dogel (Russian: Александр Станиславович Догель; 1852 in Panevėžys – 1922 in Saint Petersburg), was a Russian histologist and neuroscientist. He contributed to a morphological classification of nerve cells. The cells of Dogiel, bipolar neurons of the spinal ganglia, are named after him.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
USS Daylight
USS Daylight was a steamship acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Zonites santoriniensis
Zonites santoriniensis is an extinct species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Zonitidae.

Zonites santoriniensis is considered to be extinct. It went extinct during the Minoan Eruption.

Zonitidae
Zonitidae, common name the true glass snails, are a family of mostly rather small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Zonitoidea.

Zonitidae is the only family in the superfamily Zonitoidea. The family's type genus is Zonites, established by Pierre Denys de Montfort in 1810. This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Izvir, Brežice
Izvir (pronounced [iˈzʋiːɾ]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the Gorjanci Mountains close to the border with Croatia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The name Izvir means 'spring' or 'source of water' in Slovene. Chance finds of Roman clay piping and archaeological excavations in the 1930s revealed a now-reconstructed water cistern at the source of a stream and a Roman aqueduct supplying water to the nearby settlement of Neviodunum.

Žumberak Mountains
The Žumberak Mountains (Croatian: Žumberačka gora, Slovene: Gorjanci, historic German name: Uskokengebirge) is a range of hills and mountains in northwestern Croatia and southeastern Slovenia, extending from the southwest to the northeast between the Krka and the Kupa.

It covers an area of 430 km2 (170 sq mi). The geographically unified massif consists of two parts, separated by the Bregana and Žumberak rivers (Croatian: Žumberačka rijeka). The northeastern part is the Samobor Hills (Croatian: Samoborsko gorje) with the foothills. The central and western part is named Žumberak Hills (Croatian: Žumberačko gorje, Žumberak). Its northwesternmost part, named Gorjanci, lies in Slovenia. The highest peak of the range is Sveta Gera (Trdina Peak) on the border between Croatia and Slovenia, with an elevation of 1,178 m (3,865 ft). Since 1999, an area of the range in Croatia has been protected as the Žumberak–Samobor Hills Nature Park.
Eduard Enslin
Eduard Enslin (4 October 1879 Nuremberg - 26 December 1970, Rummelsberg, Nuremberg) was a German ophthalmologist and entomologist. He was a specialist in plant wasps (Symphyta). His extensive collection, which includes specimens from his collection trips to southern Europe, the Mediterranean region (including Greece, Corfu, Rhodes, Palestine (1927), Egypt (1934)) and India (1929), as well as his material from Germany, is held by Zoologische Staatssammlung München. It includes his many type specimens.

Enslin was born in Nuremberg, the son of trader Georg Heinrich Enslin and Luise Margarete Magdalene born Stich. After studies at the gymnasium he went to study medicine at Erlangen, Greifswald and Munich receiving a summa cum laude in 1902. Even as a school student he became a member of the natural history society at Nuremberg.

Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (German: Zoologische Staatssammlung München) or ZSM is a major German research institution for zoological systematics in Munich. It has over 20 million zoological specimens. It is one of the largest natural history collections in the world. The sections are Entomology, Invertebrates and Vertebrates. The history of the museum is outlined on the museum's home page together with a biography of Johann Baptist von Spix the first curator of zoology.
Snail (band)
Snail is an American rock band best known for their Billboard charting single, "The Joker". They toured nationally and shared the stage with Santana, Thin Lizzy, Sammy Hagar, Taj Mahal, and Iron Butterfly, as well as touring with Styx and The Doobie Brothers, among others.  In 1978, the group performed on American Bandstand.  The band has had various members but original members Bob O'Neill and Ken Kraft have remained throughout the band's history.

American Bandstand
American Bandstand is an American music and dance television program that aired in various versions from 1952 to 1989. Its best-known incarnation was hosted and produced by Dick Clark, who served as the show's primary presenter for over three decades.

The program featured teenagers dancing to popular songs from the Top 40 charts. It was originally broadcast from Philadelphia, where it remained from its debut in 1952 until relocating to Los Angeles in 1963.

During its run, a wide range of musical acts appeared on the show, generally lip-syncing to one of their latest singles. Artists performed for a studio audience while the original recordings played for viewers at home. Freddy Cannon holds the record for the most appearances, with 110.
1986–87 Georgia Southern Eagles men's basketball team
The 1986–87 Georgia Southern Eagles men's basketball team represented Georgia Southern University during the 1986–87 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Eagles, led by fifth year head coach Frank Kerns, played their home games at Hanner Fieldhouse in Statesboro, Georgia as members of the Trans America Athletic Conference. The team finished fourth in the regular season conference standings and won the TAAC tournament to earn an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. As No. 15 seed in the East region, the Eagles lost in the opening round to No. 2 seed and eventual National runner-up Syracuse, 79–73, to finish with a 20–11 record (12–6 TAAC).

1986–87 Syracuse Orangemen basketball team
The 1986–87 Syracuse Orangemen basketball team represented Syracuse University in the 1986–87 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.  The head coach was Jim Boeheim, serving for his 11th year.  The team played home games at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse, New York.  The team finished with a 31–7 (12–4) record while making it to the championship game of the NCAA tournament.

The team was led by junior Rony Seikaly and sophomore Sherman Douglas.  Seniors Greg Monroe and Howard Triche, and freshman Derrick Coleman also played key roles.
Richard Buhagiar
Richard Buhagiar (born 17 March 1972) is a retired footballer. Born in Australia, he represented the Malta national team. During his career, he played as a defender for Floriana, Sliema Wanderers, Marsaxlokk and Għajnsielem.

Floriana F.C.
Floriana Football Club is a Maltese professional football club in the town of Floriana that currently plays in the Maltese Premier League. Considered one of the most supported and successful clubs in Maltese football, Floriana has won 26 national leagues and 21 FA trophies. It is also the only team from Malta to have qualified from the qualifying rounds to the first round proper of the UEFA Champions League, in the 1993–94 season.
Cleveland Fire
The Cleveland Fire was a large wildfire in Northern California's El Dorado County in September and October 1992. The fire began on September 29 and burned for five days, spreading to 24,580 acres (9,950 hectares) before it was fully contained on October 4. Two air tanker pilots died in a crash while fighting the fire and dozens of personnel were injured. Forty-one buildings were destroyed. The cost of fighting the fire reached $16 million (equivalent to about $32 million in 2024), and losses from burned timber and other property amounted to $245 million (equivalent to about $490 million in 2024).

El Dorado County, California
El Dorado County (/ˌɛl dəˈrɑːdoʊ/ ⓘ; El Dorado, Spanish for "The Golden one"), officially the County of El Dorado, is a county located in the U.S. state of California, named after the mythical city of El Dorado.
As of the 2020 census, the population was 191,185. The county seat is Placerville. The county is part of the Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located entirely in the Sierra Nevada, from the historic Gold Country in the western foothills to the High Sierra in the east. El Dorado County's population has grown as Greater Sacramento has expanded into the region. Where the county line crosses US 50 at Clarksville, the distance to Sacramento is 15 miles (24 km). In the county's high altitude eastern end at Lake Tahoe, environmental awareness and environmental protection initiatives have grown along with the population since the 1960 Winter Olympics, hosted at the former Squaw Valley Ski Resort in neighboring Placer County.
Bhupendra Nath Kaushik
Bhupendra Nath Kaushik (7 July 1924 – 27 October 2007) was a Hindi and Urdu language poet, writer and satirist.

He was born in Nahan, Himachal Pradesh. He completed basic study in Ambala Cantt Haryana. After that he settled in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh and completed an M.A. in English.  He was an employee of BSNL. After pursuing writing along with his service for some time, he became well known as an Urdu story writer.  But when he was settled in Jabalpur, he did write poetry in Hindi.

He won the "Sahitya Maneeshi alankaran" in 2005 for his satire, "Koltar Mai Aks".

Nahan
Nahan is a town located in the Sirmaur district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It serves as the administrative headquarters of Sirmaur district. It was formerly the capital of the princely state of Sirmur, during the British Raj in Colonial India. Nahan is also known as the "Town of Ponds".
Oliver M. Gale
Oliver M. Gale (1910–2006) was a pioneer in the field of advertising and public relations. He was born in Ventura, California, graduated from The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in 1927, and earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1931.

In 1949 Gale started a separate public relations department at his employer Procter & Gamble, a rarity in corporate America at the time. When Neil McElroy (Procter & Gamble's president) became secretary of defense under United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Gale served as his special assistant from 1957 to 1960. Gale then returned to Cincinnati to start his own public relations company. On his death in 2006, Procter & Gamble established the Oliver Gale Society.

Choate Rosemary Hall
Choate Rosemary Hall (/tʃoʊt/ CHOHT) is a private, co-educational, college-preparatory boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1890, it took its present name and began a co-educational system with the 1978 merger of The Choate School for boys and Rosemary Hall for girls. It is part of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admission Organization.
Dieter Schwarz Foundation
The Dieter Schwarz Stiftung is a non-profit limited liability company (gemeinnützige GmbH) that is financed, through Schwarz Beteiligungs GmbH, from distributions of the two companies Lidl Stiftung and Kaufland Stiftung (both part of the Schwarz Group). The registered office of the companies of the Schwarz Group is in Neckarsulm. The main focus of the Dieter Schwarz Stiftung's activities is in neighboring Heilbronn. The management of the gGmbH consists of the former President of the Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Reinhold R. Geilsdörfer (chairman), Gunther Friedl and Bärbel G. Renner. Chairman of the shareholders’ meeting is the former Rector of the University of Mannheim and former Minister of Science of Baden-Württemberg Peter Frankenberg.

Heilbronn
Heilbronn (German pronunciation: [haɪlˈbʁɔn] ⓘ) is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by the Heilbronn District.

From the late Middle Ages on, it developed into an important trading centre. At the beginning of the 19th century, Heilbronn became one of the centres of early industrialisation in Württemberg. Heilbronn's old town was completely destroyed during the air raid of 4 December 1944 and rebuilt in the 1950s. Today Heilbronn is the economic centre of the Heilbronn-Franken region.

Heilbronn is known for its wine industry and is nicknamed Käthchenstadt, after Heinrich von Kleist's Das Käthchen von Heilbronn.

In October 2025, Heilbronn was named the European Green Capital for 2027.