hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DuPont Central Research
In 1957, the research organization of the Chemicals Department of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company was renamed Central Research Department, beginning the history of the premier scientific organization within DuPont and one of the foremost industrial laboratories devoted to basic science. Located primarily at the DuPont Experimental Station and Chestnut Run, in Wilmington, Delaware, it expanded to include laboratories in Geneva, Switzerland, Seoul, South Korea, Shanghai, China, and India (Hyderabad). In January, 2016 a major layoff marked the end of the organization.

Robert H. Grubbs
Robert Howard Grubbs ForMemRS (February 27, 1942 – December 19, 2021) was an American chemist and the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He was a co-recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on olefin metathesis.

Grubbs was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for developments in catalysts that have enabled commercial products.

He was a co-founder of Materia, a university spin-off startup to produce catalysts.
Max Mombollet
Maixant Magloire Mombollet (born 17 January 1981 in Bangui, Central African Republic) is a former college basketball player with The Citadel from 2000-2004. He has played with the Central African Republic national basketball team in  2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2009 FIBA Africa Championships, helping the team to quarterfinal appearances in 2005, 2007, and 2009. At his top level he plays as power forward for Orcines in the French Professional Basketball League but also in some other Professional Club in north of France.

In 2018, he retired from basketball to start to his new career of Project Manager at Neoledge.

2005 FIBA Africa Championship
The 2005 FIBA Africa Championship was the 23rd FIBA Africa Championship, played under the rules of FIBA, the world governing body for basketball, and the FIBA Africa thereof. The tournament was hosted by Algeria from August 15 to 24 2005 and took place at the Salle Omnisports La Coupole.

Angola defeated Senegal 70–61 in the final to win their eighth title. and securing a spot at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Aingeville
Aingeville (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃ʒvil] ⓘ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France. The village was built on the left bank of the river Anger, a tributary of the Mouzon and sub-tributary of the Meuse.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna (AIIMS Patna), previously Jaya Prakash Narayan All India Institute of Medical Sciences (JPNAIIMS), is a medical college and medical research public institute located in Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar, India. It is one of the Institutes of National Importance in India. It started operating on 16 July 2012 after a series of observations by the Patna High Court. The institute operates autonomously under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Its foundation was laid by Bhairon Singh Shekhawat on 3 January 2004, during his tenure as vice-president. As of 2018, it became fully functional.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is a ministry of the Government of India charged with health policy in India. It is also responsible for all government programs relating to family planning in India.

The Minister of Health and Family Welfare holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is  Jagat Prakash Nadda, while the current Minister of State for Health are Anupriya Patel and Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav.

Since 1955, the Ministry regularly publishes the Indian Pharmacopoeia through the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC), an autonomous body for setting standards for drugs, pharmaceuticals and healthcare devices and technologies in India.
Los Colorados (music group)
Los Colorados (from the Spanish "The colorado potato beetles"; also known as The Colorados) is a Ukrainian band formed in 2006 in Ternopil. The band plays their own songs, but have also covered several popular and folk songs. Los Colorados increased in prominence after their cover of Katy Perry's song "Hot n Cold" grew popular via online video websites. The band plays guitar, bayan, bass, and drums.

Colorado potato beetle
The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata; also known as the Colorado beetle, the ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle, and the potato bug) is a beetle known for being a major pest of potato crops. It is about 10 mm (3⁄8 in) long, with a bright yellow/orange body and five bold brown stripes along the length of each of its wings. Native to the Rocky Mountains, it spread rapidly in potato crops across the United States and then Europe from 1859 onwards.

The Colorado potato beetle was first observed in 1811 by Thomas Nuttall and was formally described in 1824 by American entomologist Thomas Say. The beetles were collected in the Rocky Mountains, where they were feeding on the buffalo bur, Solanum rostratum.
APEH (gene)
Acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the APEH gene.

This gene encodes the enzyme acylpeptide hydrolase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the terminal acetylated amino acid preferentially from small acetylated peptides. The acetyl amino acid formed by this hydrolase is further processed to acetate and a free amino acid by an aminoacylase. This gene is located within the same region of chromosome 3 (3p21) as the aminoacylase gene, and deletions at this locus are also associated with a decrease in aminoacylase activity. The acylpeptide hydrolase is a homotetrameric protein of 300 kDa with each subunit consisting of 732 amino acid residues. It can play an important role in destroying oxidatively-damaged proteins in living cells. Deletions of this gene locus are found in various types of carcinomas, including small-cell lung carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma.

Aminoacylase
In enzymology, an aminoacylase (EC 3.5.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

N-acyl-L-amino acid  +   H2O   ⇌  carboxylate   +   L-amino acid

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-acyl-L-amino acid and H2O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and L-amino acid.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-acyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase. Other names in common use include dehydropeptidase II, histozyme, hippuricase, benzamidase, acylase I, hippurase, amido acid deacylase, L-aminoacylase, acylase, aminoacylase I, L-amino-acid acylase, alpha-N-acylaminoacid hydrolase, long acyl amidoacylase, and short acyl amidoacylase.  This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.
Stephen Kaye
Stephen William Kaye (born 1951) is a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria. He was appointed to the bench on 16 December 2003, serving as a judge of the Trial Division until his appointment the Court of Appeal in 2015. On 1 February 2022, the Attorney General of the Victorian Government announced the end of his term from the Court of Appeal.

Kaye is the son of William Kaye, who was also a Supreme Court judge. His paternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Ukraine. Like his father, Kaye attended Scotch College, where he was dux in 1968. He then studied law at Monash University.

Kaye was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2014 Australia Day Honours.

Supreme Court of Victoria
The Supreme Court of Victoria is the highest court in the Australian state of Victoria. Founded in 1852, it is a superior court of common law and equity, with unlimited and inherent jurisdiction within the state.

The Supreme Court comprises two divisions: the Trial Division, which oversees its original jurisdiction, and the Court of Appeal, which deals with its appellate jurisdiction, and is frequently referred to as a court in its own right. Although the Supreme Court is theoretically vested with unlimited jurisdiction, it generally only hears, at trial, criminal cases in instances of murder, manslaughter or treason, and civil cases where the statement of claim is in excess of the Magistrates' Court limit of $100,000.

The court hears appeals from the County Court, as well as limited appeals from the Magistrates' Court. Decisions of the Supreme Court are appealable to the High Court of Australia.

The building itself is on the Victorian Heritage Register.
Balthasar Coyett
Balthasar Coyett (c.1650 Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan) – 19 September 1725, Batavia, Dutch East Indies) was a Dutch-Swedish official in the Dutch East India Company, serving from 1701 to 1706 as the Governor of Ambon. He was the son of Frederick Coyett, the last Governor of Formosa, and Susanna Boudaens (The Hague 1622- Formosa 1656). Balthasar's son Frederik Julius Coyett (1680-1736) was also a colonial official.

Governorate of Ambon
Ambon was a governorate of the Dutch East India Company, consisting of Ambon Island and ten neighbouring islands. Steven van der Hagen captured Fort Victoria on 22 February 1605 from the Portuguese in the name of the Dutch East India Company. Until 1619, Ambon served as the capital of the Dutch possessions in East Asia. In that year Batavia was founded to function as the staple port for the Dutch East India Company in Asia. The island was the world center of clove production until the 19th century. The Dutch prohibited the rearing of the clove-tree in all the other islands subject to their rule, in order to secure the monopoly to Ambon.
Jeanne-Catherine Van Goethem
Jeanne-Catherine Van Goethem (1720–1776) was a Flemish poet. She was a well known and celebrated poet in her time, and was particularly known for her poem written for the 200th anniversary of the Martyrs of Gorkum. Several of her manuscripts survive. Her production is described as strongly affected by Flemish patriotism and a great love of arts.

Martyrs of Gorkum
The Martyrs of Gorkum (Dutch: Martelaren van Gorcum) were a group of 19 Dutch Catholic clerics, secular and religious,  who were hanged on 9 July 1572 in the town of Brielle by militant Dutch Calvinists during the 16th-century religious wars—specifically, the Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule, which developed into the Eighty Years' War.
Emma Ahuena Taylor
Emma Ahuena Davison Taylor (November 13, 1867 – November 8, 1937) was a part-Native Hawaiian high chiefess during the 20th century. She was a cultural historian, a genealogist, and a repository of Hawaiian culture and history who wrote many articles and recollections about the past and influenced her husband, Albert Pierce Taylor, the author of the historical book Under Hawaiian Skies. She was involved in local philanthropic, historical, and civic groups and participated in the women's suffrage movement in the Territory of Hawaii, campaigning for the rights of local women to vote prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.

Honolulu Star-Bulletin
The Honolulu Star-Bulletin was a daily newspaper based in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. At the time publication ceased on June 6, 2010, it was the second largest daily newspaper in the state of Hawaiʻi (after the Honolulu Advertiser).

The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, along with a sister publication called MidWeek, was owned by Black Press of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and administered by a council of local Hawaii investors. The daily merged with the Advertiser on June 7, 2010, to form the Honolulu Star-Advertiser, after Black Press's attempts to find a buyer fell through.
Mary Mooney
Mary Mooney (born 1 December 1958) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician. She was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South-Central constituency at the 1987 general election. She was vice-chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Women's Rights from 1987 to 1989. She lost her seat at the 1989 general election. She was elected as a local councillor in 1985 for South Inner city area of Dublin City Council. She lost her seat at the 2004 local elections.

On 23 January 1988 she presented the Saturday Live programme on RTÉ One.

Dublin South-Central
Dublin South-Central is a parliamentary constituency in Dublin City represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects four deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
January 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 26 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 28

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 9 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For January 27th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 14.

Pope Vitalian
Pope Vitalian (Latin: Vitalianus; died 27 January 672) was the bishop of Rome from 30 July 657 to his death in 672. His pontificate was marked by the dispute between the papacy and the imperial government in Constantinople over Monothelitism, which Rome condemned. Vitalian tried to resolve the dispute and had a conciliatory relationship with Emperor Constans II, who visited him in Rome and gave him gifts. Vitalian's pontificate also saw the secession of the Archbishopric of Ravenna from the papal authority.
Monte Scorluzzo
Monte Scorluzzo is a summit of the Ortler Alps, located in Lombardy, Italy close to the border to Trentino-Alto Adige and Grisons, Switzerland. It lies within Stelvio National Park, and is known as an "easy three-thousander" as its summit can be reached within a 1.5 hour hike from Stelvio Pass.

The mountain was occupied by Austria-Hungary during the White War, and today the remains of the military positions can still be seen.

White War
The White War (Italian: Guerra Bianca, German: Gebirgskrieg, Hungarian: Fehér Háború) is the name given to the fighting in the high-altitude Alpine sector of the Italian front during the First World War, principally in the Dolomites, the Ortles-Cevedale Alps and the Adamello-Presanella Alps. More than two-thirds of this conflict zone lies at an altitude above 2,000m, rising to 3905m at Mount Ortler.  In 1917 New York World correspondent E. Alexander Powell wrote: “On no front, not on the sun-scorched plains of Mesopotamia, nor in the frozen Mazurian marshes, nor in the blood-soaked mud of Flanders, does the fighting man lead so arduous an existence as up here on the roof of the world.”
Qin Qian (erhu player)
Qin Qian (覃茜). (born 1964) is a Chinese musician who performs on the erhu.

Qin was born in Guangxi, China. She completed her studies at the Guangxi Arts College and has performed as soloist with the Guangxi Symphony Orchestra in the city of Nanning. Her students have won prominent competitions, and Qin was awarded with the Outstanding Teacher Award at the Princeton International Chinese Music Competition in 2012 and 2014.

She now lives in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and performs and teaches music there.

In 2024, Qian was providing weekly lessons at Jin Se Nian Hua Adult Day Care Center in Chinatown.

Guangxi Arts University
Guangxi Arts University (GXAU), formerly known as Guangxi Arts Institute (Chinese: 广西艺术学院; pinyin: Guǎngxī Yìshù Xuéyuàn), is an art school located in the city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China.
2013 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2013 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 104th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 9 December 2012. The championship began on 1 June 2013 and ended on 3 November 2013.

On 3 November 2013, Kanturk won the championship following a 2-22 to 1-12 defeat of Éire Óg in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. This was their first ever championship title.

Michel Walsh and Kevin Hallissey were the championship's joint top scorers.

Kanturk GAA
Founded in 1882 Kanturk GAA is a dual Senior Gaelic Athletic Association club with Gaelic football and hurling teams, based in the town of Kanturk, County Cork, Ireland which forms part of the parish of Kanturk and Lismire.  It is affiliated with Cork GAA and plays in Duhallow division competitions.

The club's hurling team currently competes in the Cork Premier Senior Hurling Championship having won the Cork Senior A Hurling Championship in 2021.  In 2017, the club won the Cork Intermediate Championship, the Munster Intermediate Hurling Championship and the All Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship. Kanturk hurlers also compete in Division 1 of the Cork Club Hurling League.

The club's Gaelic football team competes in the Cork Senior A Football Championship having won the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship in 2022.
Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies
Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought is a 1995 book by Douglas Hofstadter and other members of the Fluid Analogies Research Group exploring the mechanisms of intelligence through computer modeling. It contends that the notions of analogy and fluidity are fundamental to explain how the human mind solves problems and to create computer programs that show intelligent behavior. It analyzes several computer programs that members of the group have created over the years to solve problems that require intelligence.

It was the first book ever sold by Amazon.com.

ELIZA effect
In computer science, the ELIZA effect is a tendency to project human traits—such as experience, semantic comprehension or empathy—onto rudimentary computer programs having a textual interface. ELIZA was a symbolic AI chatbot developed in 1966 by Joseph Weizenbaum that imitated a psychotherapist. Many early users were convinced of ELIZA's intelligence and understanding, despite its basic text-processing approach and the explanations of its limitations.
Noriko Honma
Noriko Honma (本間文子 Honma Noriko) (29 November 1911 – 12 April 2009) was a Japanese actress whose film work occurred primarily during the 1950s. She was born in Hokkaido. She worked in many of Akira Kurosawa's films, first appearing in Kurosawa's Stray Dog, then in Rashomon as the Miko, also in Ikiru, The Seven Samurai, Akahige, and Dreams. Noriko died in April 2009 at the age of 97.

Dreams (1990 film)
Dreams (Japanese: 夢, Hepburn: Yume), also known as Akira Kurosawa's Dreams, is a 1990 magical realist anthology film of eight vignettes written and directed by Akira Kurosawa. Inspired by actual recurring dreams that Kurosawa had, it stars Akira Terao, Martin Scorsese, Chishū Ryū, Mieko Harada and Mitsuko Baisho. It was the director's first film in 45 years in which he was the sole author of the screenplay. An international co-production of Japan and the United States, Dreams was made five years after Ran, with assistance from George Lucas and Steven Spielberg, and funded by Warner Bros. The film was screened out of competition at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival, and has consistently received positive reviews.

Dreams addresses themes such as childhood, spirituality, art, death, and mistakes and transgressions made by humans against nature.
William Cator
William Cator (26 August 1839 – 6 June 1902) was an Irish first-class cricketer and clergyman.

The son of Albermarle Cator, he was born in Ireland in August 1839 at Moorfield. He was educated in England at Bromsgrove School, before going up to St John's College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Cambridge University in The University Match of 1860 at Lord's. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 2 runs in the Oxford first-innings by Henry Plowden, while in their second-innings he was dismissed without scoring by Robert Lang. After graduating from Oxford, Cator travelled to Australia and upon his return in 1870, he was ordained in the Church of England. He was the rector of Beckenham from 1873–85. Cator died in June 1902 at Woodbastwick, Norfolk.

St John's College, Oxford
St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary.

St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with assets worth over £790 million as of 2022, largely due to nineteenth-century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.

The college occupies a site on St Giles' and in 2024 had a student body of 419 undergraduates and 244 postgraduates. There are over 100 academic staff, and a like number of other staff. In 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results, and in 2021, St John's ranked second with a score of 79.8.
Battle of the Bulge (board wargame)
Battle of the Bulge is a board wargame published by Avalon Hill (AH) in 1965 that simulates the World War II battle of the same name. General Anthony McAuliffe (ret.), who had been commanding officer at Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge, was a consultant during the game's development. The game proved popular and sold more than 120,000 copies, but was dogged by criticisms of historical inaccuracies, and was finally replaced by a completely new edition in 1981. A third edition in 1991 was released as part of the Smithsonian American History Series.

The Wargamer (magazine)
The Wargamer was a magazine devoted to the hobby of board wargaming. Originally published as a British bimonthly magazine by UK Wargamers in 1977, it was subsequently published by World Wide Wargames, which then moved to the United States. The magazine ceased publication in 1990.
Ancylobothrys capensis
Ancylobothrys capensis, the wild apricot, is a tangled, sprawling, multi-stemmed Southern African creeper of the family Apocynaceae.

It is evergreen, often scrambling over rocks and other plants. New growth is covered in velvety, reddish-brown hairs. When damaged it exudes copious amounts of white latex. The leathery leaves are broadly elliptic, simple, opposite and erect, with prominent venation on both surfaces. Flowers are fragrant, about 40mm diameter, brilliant white when open and pinkish in bud.

The round fruit are up to 50mm in diameter, khaki-green when immature, turning bright orange or yellow when ripe. The skin is thick, soft, brittle, and easily peeled. 3-4 seeds are embedded in a sweet and tasty acidic pulp.

The species is common and occurs in rocky areas, particularly on quartzites throughout KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, Limpopo Province, North West Province and Botswana.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.