hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021–22 FA Vase
The 2021–22 FA Vase (Known for sponsorship reasons as the Buildbase FA Vase) was the 48th season of the FA Vase, an annual football competition for teams playing in Levels 9 and 10 (steps 5 & 6) of the English National League System. The competition is played with two qualifying rounds followed by six proper rounds, semi-finals, and the final played at Wembley Stadium. All ties this season were played to a finish on the day. For this season there were no replays in any of the rounds to minimise fixture congestion due to late start of the football season brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. If games finished level after 90 minutes, the match was decided by penalties to find the winner of the tie, apart from the Final where there were 30 minutes extra time (15 minutes each way) followed by penalties if still level after the extra time period.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
Guerbet reaction
The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet (1861–1938), is an organic reaction that converts a primary alcohol into its β-alkylated dimer alcohol with loss of one equivalent of water. The process is of interest because it converts small chain alcohols into larger alcohols. Its main disadvantage is that the reaction produces a mixture of products.

Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.
UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2021
The UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2021 (asp 4) (known colloquially as the Continuity Act or the EU Continuity Act) is an Act passed by the Scottish Parliament on 22 December 2020 and receiving royal assent on 29 January 2021. It is a major Scottish constitutional statute, providing for devolved Scots law to stay aligned to future EU law despite the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union on 31 January 2020.

Act of the Scottish Parliament
An act of the Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Achd Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) is primary legislation made by the Scottish Parliament. The power to create acts was conferred to the Parliament by section 28 of the Scotland Act 1998 following the successful 1997 referendum on devolution.

Prior to the establishment of the Parliament under the 1998 act, all post-union laws specific to Scotland were passed at the Westminster Parliament. Although the Westminster Parliament has retained the ability to legislate for Scotland, by convention it does not do so without the consent of the Scottish Parliament.: (s. 28(7)) : (para. 14)  Since the passing of the 1998 act, the Westminster Parliament has passed five public general acts that apply only to Scotland.

A draft act is known as a bill. Once it is passed by the Scottish Parliament and receives royal assent, the bill becomes an act and is then a part of Scots Law.: (ss. 28, 32, 36)
Sergey Smbatyan
Sergey Smbatyan (born 23 September, 1987) is an Armenian conductor. He is the founding Artistic Director and Principal Conductor of the Armenian State Symphony Orchestra, and Principal Conductor at Malta Philharmonic Orchestra since 2019. He is also the Artistic Director of the Khachaturian International Competition.

Moscow Conservatory
The Moscow Conservatory, also officially Tchaikovsky Moscow State Conservatory (Russian: Московская государственная консерватория им. П. И. Чайковского, romanized: Moskovskaya gosudarstvennaya konservatoriya im. P. I. Chaykovskogo) is a higher musical educational institution located in Moscow, Russia. It grants undergraduate and graduate degrees in musical performance and musical research. The conservatory offers various degrees including Bachelor of Music Performance, Master of Music and PhD in research.
Cody Scarp
The Cody Scarp or Cody Escarpment is located in north and north central Florida United States. It is a relict scarp and ancient persistent topographical feature formed from an ancient early Pleistocene shorelines of ~1.8 million to 10,000 years BP during interglacial periods. The Cody Scarp has a slope of 5% to 12%.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Judith Brett
Judith Margaret Brett AM (born 1949, Melbourne) is an Emeritus Professor of politics at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. She retired from La Trobe in 2012, after a restructuring of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in which the School of which she was head was dismantled.

Her PhD from Melbourne University's Politics Department in the 1970s was on Austrian fin-de-siècle poet Hugo von Hofmannsthal.

Brett's 2017 biography of Alfred Deakin won the 2018 National Biography Award. Her next book, From Secret Ballot to Democracy Sausage: How Australia got Compulsory Voting, was shortlisted for the 2019 Queensland Literary Awards University of Southern Queensland History Book Award.

Brett was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2023 Australia Day Honours.

National Biography Award
The National Biography Award, established in Australia in 1996, is awarded for the best published work of biographical or autobiographical writing by an Australian. It aims "to encourage the highest standards of writing biography and autobiography and to promote public interest in those genres". It was initially awarded every two years, but from 2002 it has been awarded annually. Its administration was taken over by the State Library of New South Wales in 1998.
Ritchie Boys
The Ritchie Boys, part of the U.S. Military Intelligence Service (MIS) at the War Department, were an organization of soldiers in World War II with sizable numbers of German and Austrian recruits who were used primarily for interrogation of prisoners on the front lines and counter-intelligence in Europe. Trained at secret Camp Ritchie in Washington County, Maryland, many of the total around 22,000 men and women in service were German-speaking immigrants to the United States, often Jews, who fled Nazi persecution. After the war, many former Ritchie Boys rose to important positions in the military and in the intelligence community. In addition to interrogation and counter-intelligence, they were trained in  psychological warfare to study and demoralize the enemy, and some later served as prosecutors and translators in the Nuremberg trials.

The parent organization of the Ritchie Boys, the MIS, was commanded in Washington by Brigadier General Hayes Adlai Kroner for most of the war.

Washington County, Maryland
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. The population was 154,705 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat and largest city is Hagerstown. The county is part of the Western Maryland region of the state.

Washington County was the first county in the United States to be named for the Revolutionary War general (and later President) George Washington. Washington County is one of three Maryland counties recognized by the Appalachian Regional Commission as being part of Appalachia. The county borders southern Pennsylvania to the north, Northern Virginia to the south, and the Martinsburg Panhandle of West Virginia to the south and west. Washington County is included in the Hagerstown metropolitan area, which is also included in the Washington metropolitan area.
Tar (drum)
The tar (Arabic: طار) is an ancient, single-headed frame drum. It is commonly played in the Middle East and North Africa. The tar's drumhead is struck with one hand.

The drumhead was usually made from animal skin like goats, while the frame was made of wood.

Drumhead
A drumhead or drum skin is a membrane stretched over one or both of the open ends of a drum. The drumhead is struck with sticks, mallets, or hands, so that it vibrates and the sound resonates through the drum.

Additionally outside of percussion instruments, drumheads are also used on some string instruments, most notably the banjo.
Margham
Margham is an oil and gas field in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the largest onshore gas field in the emirate. The field is managed by Dusup - the Dubai Supply Authority. Condensate production ran at some 25,000 barrels per day in 2010. Margham also has an oil production capability.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Veronica Mallett
Veronica Thierry Mallett is an American health physician. She is known for her work in urogynecology, specifically with respect to genital organ prolapse and urinary incontinence, and for her efforts in reducing health disparities.

She has authored or co-authored more than 30 articles, as well as two chapters of the fourth edition of Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: a comprehensive study guide on obstetrics and gynecology.

Currently she serves as senior VP and chief administrative officer of the More in Common Alliance (MICA), a collaboration between CommonSpirit Health and Morehouse School of Medicine, and on the board of directors of Sharecare.

CommonSpirit Health
CommonSpirit Health is an American health system based in Chicago, Illinois. It is the country's largest Catholic hospital chain and its second-largest nonprofit hospital chain (as of 2019). It operates more than 700 care sites and 142 hospitals in 21 states.

Founded in 2019 by the merger of Dignity Health and Catholic Health Initiatives, CommonSpirit Health formed as one of the largest non-profit hospital systems by revenue in the United States.
2016–17 Scottish Challenge Cup
The 2016–17 Scottish Challenge Cup, known as the IRN-BRU Cup due to sponsorship reasons, was the 26th season of the competition. The tournament took on a different format from previous seasons with a total of 54 teams participating. It was the first season with two clubs from both Northern Ireland and Wales competing alongside the 30 members of the 2016–17 Scottish Championship, 2016–17 Scottish League One and 2016–17 Scottish League Two, four teams from the 2016–17 Highland Football League and four from the 2016–17 Lowland Football League as well as the Under-20 teams of the teams competing in the 2016–17 Scottish Premiership.

The defending champions, Rangers, who defeated Peterhead in the 2016 final, did not compete in the competition due to their promotion to the Scottish Premiership. Irn Bru replaced Petrofac as the main sponsor of the competition in June 2016.

Periscope (service)
Periscope was an American live video streaming app for Android and iOS developed by Kayvon Beykpour and Joe Bernstein and acquired by Twitter, Inc. before its launch in March 2015.

The service was discontinued on 31 March 2021 due to declining usage, product realignment, and high maintenance costs. However, Periscope videos can still be watched via Twitter, now called X, and most of its core features are now incorporated into the app.
13th Street station (Sacramento)
13th Street station is a side platformed SacRT light rail station in Downtown Sacramento, California, United States. The station was opened on March 12, 1987, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. All three RT light rail lines serve the station: Gold, Blue and Green, serving as the southern terminus for the Green Line. 13th Street station was the terminal for the light rail system from March 12, 1987, until September 5, 1987, when the line was extended to Butterfield.

The station tracks run parallel to Quill Alley, which is located between Q and R Streets. The station is located between 12th and 13th Streets. Regional Transit's Customer Service and Sales Center is located just to the south of the station.

A small rail yard named the "R Street Yard" is located to the west of the station.  Green Line trains turn back using a switch just east of the station.

Downtown Sacramento
Downtown Sacramento is the central business district of the city of Sacramento, California, United States. Downtown is generally defined as the area south of the American River, east of the Sacramento River, north of Broadway, and west of 16th Street. The central business district is generally defined as north of R Street, south of H Street, east of the Sacramento River, and west of 16th Street.
Laguna 30
The Laguna 30 is an American sailboat that was designed by W. Shad Turner as a cruiser and first built in 1983.

The Laguna 30 design was developed into the Laguna 33 in 1986, with the addition of a reverse transom.

Cruising (maritime)
Cruising is a maritime activity that involves staying aboard a watercraft for extended periods of time when the vessel is traveling on water at a steady speed. Cruising generally refers to leisurely trips on yachts and luxury cruiseships, with durations varying from day-trips to months-long round-the-world voyages.
Spich station
Spich station is a railway junction in the district of Spich of the town of Troisdorf in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, on the Sieg Railway. It is served by line S12 of the Cologne S-Bahn. This operates between Troisdorf, Hennef (Sieg) or Au (Sieg) and Köln-Ehrenfeld or Horrem at 20-minute intervals. It is also served by the S19 service between Düren and Hennef or Au, at 20-minute intervals. These two services provide a service every 10 minutes between Troisdorf and Cologne. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station.

The Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed line also passes through Spich, but without stopping.

Spich
Spich (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpɪç]) is one of the twelve districts (Ortschaften) of the city of Troisdorf in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. As of December 31, 2016, it had 12,876 inhabitants, making it the second most populous district of Troisdorf after Troisdorf-Mitte.

The main road through Spich is the Bundesstraße 8. The area also contains several industrial zones, an interchange on the Bundesautobahn 59, and a local S-Bahn stop with direct access to Cologne Bonn Airport and the ICE station in Siegburg/Bonn. The district is mainly residential, with single-family and multi-family homes. Industrial areas are located on the outskirts. The Spicher Forest contains a hazardous waste landfill. A local natural landmark is the Spicher Hohlstein.
If These Trees Could Talk (EP)
If These Trees Could Talk is the eponymous debut EP by the American post-rock band If These Trees Could Talk. It was released independently on September 27, 2006. 
NEMeadow Studios in Bath then mastered by John Walsh at Lava Room Recordings in Cleveland.

After being out of print for over ten years, the EP was reissued in 2022 by Metal Blade Records on vinyl, featuring a new album cover and packaging.

Metal Blade Records
Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.
Negrini
Negrini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessandra Negrini (born 1970), Brazilian actress

Antonio Negrini (1903–1994), Italian cyclist

Carlo Negrini (1826–1865), Italian opera singer

Chiara Negrini (born 1979), Italian volleyball player

Clare Negrini

Claudiomiro Negrini (born 1967), Brazilian footballer

Gualtiero Negrini (born 1961), American opera singer

Luciano Negrini (1920–2012), Italian rower

Matteo Negrini (born 1982), Italian footballer

Vincenzo Negrini (1804–1840), Italian opera singer

Clare Negrini
Clare Mary Gertrude Young Negrini (1930–2006) was a Chicago woman who fell in love with an Italian Catholic priest, moved to Italy to be with him in 1951, and renounced U.S. citizenship in a bid to avoid deportation. The two married at the end of that year, resulting in their excommunication; they eventually emigrated from Italy to the United Kingdom before finally settling in Mexico. Negrini later moved back to the United States, where she lived for the rest of her life.
Johor Port
Johor Port (Malay: Pelabuhan Johor) is a port in Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia, built in 1977. It is an integrated multi-purpose port facility providing bulk cargo, container and general cargo services. It is the world's largest palm oil terminal and ranks third globally in terms of LME cargo volume. It is the second busiest port in Johor, after Port of Tanjung Pelepas, which is located in the western part of the state and is the 15th busiest container port in the world.

Container crane
A container crane (also container handling gantry crane or ship-to-shore crane) is a type of large dockside gantry crane found at container terminals for loading and unloading intermodal containers from container ships.

Container cranes consist of a supporting framework that can traverse the length of a quay or yard on a rail track. Instead of a hook, they are equipped with a specialized handling tool called a spreader. The spreader can be lowered on top of a container and locks onto the container's four locking points ("corner castings") using a twistlock mechanism. Cranes normally transport a single container at once, but some newer cranes have the capability to pick up two to four 20-foot containers at once.
1953 Grand Prix des Frontières
The 23nd Grand Prix des Frontières was a non-championship Formula Two motor race held on 24 May 1953 at the Chimay Street Circuit in Chimay, Belgium. The Grand Prix was won by Maurice Trintignant in a Gordini Type 16. Roger Laurent finished second in a Ferrari 500 and Fred Wacker was third in another Gordini Type 16.

Chimay
Chimay (French pronunciation: [ʃimɛ] ⓘ, Walloon: Chimai) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. In 2006, Chimay had a population of 9,774. The area is 197.10 km2 which gives a population density of 50 inhabitants per km2. It is the source of the Oise River.

In the administrative district of Thuin, the municipality was created with a merger of 14 communes in 1977. The Trappist monastery of Scourmont Abbey in the town is famous for the Chimay Brewery.
8×63mm patron m/32
The 8×63mm patron m/32 was a bottlenecked centrefire cartridge with a slightly (0.25 mm (0.0098 in)) rebated rim for Swedish heavy and medium machine guns. It was used from 1932 to the finalisation of the re-chambering process of these machine guns to 7.62×51mm NATO in 1975.

Rim (firearms)
A rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded, stamped, or pressed around the bottom of a firearms cartridge. Thus, rimmed cartridges are sometimes called "flanged" cartridges. Almost all cartridges feature an extractor or headspacing rim, in spite of the fact that some cartridges are known as "rimless cartridges". The rim may serve a number of purposes, including providing a lip for the extractor to engage, and sometimes serving to headspace the cartridge.
Karasuwa
Karasuwa is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Jajimaji on the Hadejia River at 12°53′57″N 10°48′28″E﻿ / ﻿12.89917°N 10.80778°E﻿ / 12.89917; 10.80778.

It has an area of 1,162 km2 and a population of 106,992 at the 2006 census.

Land Areas

Karasuwa local government area consists of larger towns which include: Jajimaji, Bukarti, Kasuwa Sidi, and small villages such as Tsamiyan Gada, etc.

The postal code of the area is 630.

Cultures and Tribes

Basically the people predominantly live in Karasuwa, which is 70 percent Manga tribe, which  originated from sub Kanuri tribe. Most residents are farmers, both in towns and villages.

The Bade language is spoken in Karasuwa LGA.

Bade language
Bade (also spelled Bede, Bedde, or Bode) is a West Chadic language spoken by the Bade people in Yobe State and Jigawa State, Nigeria.  Their traditional ruler is the Emir of Bade. Similar to many other Western African languages, Bade is a vulnerable language at great risk of extinction.  With 356,000 speakers, the language and the culture of the Bade people have suffered over the last several years. As the language continues to fade, the culture and historic value associated with the language perishes as well. The local dialect is shifting from Bade to Hausa. Across West Africa, the impact on local communities through the loss of the indigenous tongues will be significant. The endangerment of the Bade language represents the worldwide language diversity that is at risk. Many African languages have only received little linguistic attention, impacting these African languages.
Fonthill Bishop
Fonthill Bishop is a small village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, to the north of the Nadder valley and 9 miles (14 km) south of Warminster.

The Fonthill Park estate extends into the south of the parish. Landscaping which included the creation of Fonthill Lake was begun in 1740 by William Beckford (later Lord Mayor of London) and continued from c. 1793 by his son William Thomas Beckford, who built Fonthill Abbey, now almost completely demolished. The estate now belongs to Alastair Morrison, 3rd Baron Margadale.

Next to the lake (but outside the parish) is the Fonthill Grottoes Site of Special Scientific Interest. Part of the Great Ridge Wood lies in the north of the parish.

William Beckford (novelist)
William Thomas Beckford (29 September 1760 – 2 May 1844) was a British writer and politician. He was reputed at one stage to be England's richest commoner. He was the son of William Beckford and Maria Hamilton, daughter of the Hon. George Hamilton, and he served as a member of parliament for Wells in 1784–1790 and Hindon in 1790–1795 and 1806–1820. Beckford is best known for writing the 1786 Gothic novel Vathek, for building Fonthill Abbey in Wiltshire and Beckford's Tower in Bath, and for his extensive art collection.