hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Governor of Samar
The governor of Samar is the local chief executive of the Philippine province of Samar, which was previously known as Western Samar from 1965 to 1969. Prior to 1965, the governor also served as the chief executive of the old province of Samar, which was divided into three separate provinces that year.

Samar (province)
Samar, officially the Province of Samar (Waray: Probinsya han Samar; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Samar), or also known as Western Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Catbalogan while Calbayog is the most populous city in the province. It is bordered by Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte and Leyte Gulf, and includes several islands in the Samar Sea. Samar is connected to the island of Leyte via the San Juanico Bridge.

In 1768, Leyte and modern Samar were created out of the historical province of Samar.  In 1965, Northern and Eastern Samar were created.

Fishing and agriculture are the major economic activities in the province.

On 8 November 2013, the province was significantly damaged by Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), particularly the towns of Basey, Marabut and Santa Rita.
Benning Heights
Benning Heights is a residential neighborhood located in northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by East Capitol Street to the south, Brooks Street NE to the north, 44th Street NE and Benning Road NE to the west, and Division Avenue NE to the east. It is served by the Benning Road Metro Rail station on the Blue Line and Silver Line of the Washington Metro (Washington Metropolitan Transit Authority/WMATA).

Politically, Benning Heights is in Ward 7.

Benning Road station
Benning Road station is an island-platformed Washington Metro station in the Benning neighborhood of Northeast Washington, D.C., United States. The station was opened on November 22, 1980, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). Providing service for the Blue and Silver Lines, the station is located in a residential area near the intersection of Benning Road and East Capitol Street. It is the first station after the Blue and Silver Lines diverge from the Orange Line east of the Anacostia River, and also the last station in the District of Columbia going east.
The Social Code
The Social Code is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Oscar Apfel and starring Viola Dana. It was produced and distributed by Metro Pictures. Dana's older sister, Edna Flugrath, also features in the film.

Metro Pictures
Metro Pictures Corporation was a motion picture production company founded in early 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It was a forerunner of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company produced its films in New York, Los Angeles, and sometimes at leased facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey. It was purchased in 1919.
Lucía Pozo
Brígida Lucía Pozo Moreta is an Ecuadorian politician who was elected to Ecuador's National Assembly for the governing party, National Democratic Action in February 2025 following the 2025 Ecuadorian general election. She is a member of the National Assembly for the Carchi Province.

Before being elected, she was governor of the Carchi Province and the regional leader of the National Democratic Action.

In June 2025, she is fined for not attending a plenary session.

In August 2025, she supports a reform to prevent political parties to be funded by the state.

She leads the Commission of Autonomous Governments, Decentralization, Competencies and Territorial Organizations. The other commissioners include Sandra Elizabeth Figueroa Aguilar and Silvia Patricia Nuñez Ramos.  In November 2025, she leads a reform to change the current local authority structure.

National Democratic Action (Ecuador)
The National Democratic Action (Spanish: Acción Democrática Nacional, ADN) is a political alliance and movement in Ecuador created to support the candidacy of Daniel Noboa in the 2023 presidential election.
Rushen Abbey
Rushen Abbey is a former abbey on the Isle of Man, located in Ballasalla. Originally home for monks of the Savignac order, it soon came under Cistercian control and remained so until its dissolution. The abbey is located two miles (three kilometres) from Castle Rushen, the politically most important site on the island in medieval times. Both these sites are on the Awin Rosien, a river now called the Silver Burn.

Congregation of Savigny
The monastic Congregation of Savigny (Savigniac Order) started in the abbey of Savigny, situated in northern France, on the confines of Normandy and Brittany, in the Diocese of Coutances. It originated in 1105 when Vitalis of Mortain established a hermitage in the forest at Savigny in France.
ETV (Telugu)
ETV is an Indian Telugu-language general entertainment pay television channel. The channel was launched on 27 August 1995 focusing on the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of the ETV Network owned by Ramoji Group. It is the second-oldest Telugu satellite channel after Gemini TV. It is also one of the earliest private satellite channels in South India.

Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)
Andhra Pradesh, retrospectively referred to as United Andhra Pradesh or Undivided Andhra Pradesh, was a state in India formed by States Reorganisation Act, 1956 with Hyderabad as its capital and was reorganised by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The state was made up of three distinct cultural regions of Telangana, Rayalaseema, and Coastal Andhra. Before the 1956 reorganisation, Telangana had been part of Hyderabad State, whereas Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra had been part of Andhra State, formerly a part of Madras Presidency of British India.
Czarna, Kielce County
Czarna [ˈt͡ʂarna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pierzchnica, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Pierzchnica and 27 km (17 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Akto Turkmen
The Akto Turkmen (Uyghur: ئاقتو تۈركمەن) are a subgroup of the Kyrgyz people who live in Xinjiang, China. As a result of language shift, they have adopted the Uyghur language as their mother tongue. They reside in Akto County, in the Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture.

Language shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer, language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different language, usually over an extended period of time. Often, languages that are perceived to be of higher-status stabilize or spread at the expense of other languages that are perceived—even by their own speakers—to have lower status. An example is the shift from Gaulish to Latin during the time of the Roman Empire.

Language assimilation may operate alongside other aspects of cultural assimilation when different cultures meet and merge.
Bitcoin City
Bitcoin City is a planned smart city project in La Unión, El Salvador. The planned city is intended to be a tax haven, and to use geothermal energy to power Bitcoin mining. The feasibility of its reliance on both geothermal energy and Bitcoin have been the subject of criticism, alongside concerns regarding delays in the project's financing and construction.

Nananu-i-Cake
Nananu-i-Cake [nɑː.nɑːˈnuː iː ðɑːˈkeː] is an island in Fiji less than one kilometer off the coast of the main island of Viti Levu, near the Rakiraki-district in Ra Province.

Nananu-i-Cake is located immediately next to the island of Nananu-i-Ra.  Nananu-i-Cake and Mabua (the islet located immediately to the southeast) islands are about 600 acres (242.81 hectares) in area.

The island's name, Nananu-i-Cake, means "Daydream Upwind" (or easterly) in Fijian. The island is also known by several other names, including Ananugata, Nananugata, Yananu and Nananu-i-Thake Island.

The main residence on the island was designed by the architecture firm of Murray Cockburn, based in Auckland.  A deep-water jetty is on the island's western shore.
2023 Japan Women's Open – Singles
Ashlyn Krueger defeated Zhu Lin in the final, 6–3, 7–6(8–6) to win the singles title at the 2023 Japan Women's Open. It was her first WTA Tour title.

Nao Hibino was the defending champion from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but lost in the first round to Rebecca Marino.

Valeria Savinykh
Valeria Dmitrievna Savinykh (Russian: Валерия Дмитриевна Савиных; born 20 February 1991) is an inactive Russian tennis player.

In April 2012, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 99. On 20 November 2017, she peaked at No. 98 in the WTA doubles rankings. Savinykh has won ten singles and 23 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit, along with one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour.
7-ACA
7-ACA (7-aminocephalosporanic acid) is the core chemical structure (a synthon) for the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics and intermediates. It can be obtained by chemoenzymatic hydrolysis of cephalosporin C.

The production of 7-ACA (7-aminocephalosporanic acid) is predominantly segmented into two methods which is Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Chemical Cracking. These processes are essential for the synthesis of various cephalosporin antibiotics.

Synthon
In retrosynthetic analysis, a synthon is a hypothetical unit within a target molecule that represents a potential starting reagent in the retroactive synthesis of that target molecule. The term was coined in 1967 by E. J. Corey. He noted in 1988 that the "word synthon has now come to be used to mean synthetic building block rather than retrosynthetic fragmentation structures".
It was noted in 1998 that the phrase did not feature very prominently in Corey's 1981 book The Logic of Chemical Synthesis, as it was not included in the index. Because synthons are charged, when placed into a synthesis an uncharged form is found commercially instead of forming and using the potentially very unstable charged synthons.
Khursheidpur
Khursheidpur is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Nakodar, 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Kapurthala, 36 kilometres (22 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 159 kilometres (99 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Martin Nordenström
Martin Nordenström (9 December 1888 – 2 May 1945) was a Swedish fencer. He competed in the individual sabre event at the 1912 Summer Olympics. He died aboard the ferry Spercheios when it capsized off the coast of Cape Zourva, Greece.

Sabre (fencing)
The sabre (US English: saber, both pronounced /ˈseɪbər/) is one of the three disciplines of modern fencing alongside foil & epee. The sabre weapon is for thrusting and cutting with both the cutting edge and the back of the blade (unlike the other modern fencing weapons, the épée and foil, where a touch is scored only using the point of the blade).

The informal term sabre fencer refers to sabre fencers of both genders.
Kroken, Troms
Kroken (Norwegian) or Biežavággi (Northern Sami) is a neighborhood in the city of Tromsø which lies in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The neighborhood is located along the Tromsøysundet strait on the mainland, just across the strait from the city centre of Tromsø which lies on the island of Tromsøya. The Tromsdalen area of the city of Tromsø lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the south and the village of Movik lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the north. The village is considered part of the Tromsdalen urban area.

Kroken is a large residential area that has two schools, Kroken Church, the Ishavsbyen FK association football club, and the Krokensenteret shopping mall, where Norway's largest Coop Prix used to be located, but got changed to a coop extra.

Coop Prix
Coop Prix is a Norwegian chain of 257 discount stores throughout Norway managed by Coop Norge and owned by local cooperatives. The chain was created in 1984 under the name PRIX. The chain director is Ingjerd Vestengen.

The chain markets itself with the slogan "Fort gjort!", meaning "quickly done" in English.

In 2020 the chain had a turnover of 7 399 million NOK.
Bristol Township, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
Bristol Township was a township that was located in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township ceased to exist and was incorporated into the City of Philadelphia following the passage of the Act of Consolidation, 1854. It is the modern day Olney-Oak Lane Planning Analysis Section, though with a slight difference in the southern border. It is in present-day North Philadelphia, although Olney-Oak Lane is sometimes considered to be separate from North Philadelphia entirely because of their unique architecture, culture and differing patterns of development.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Evander (philosopher)
Evander (or Euander) (Ancient Greek: Εὔανδρος, romanized: Eúandros), born in Phocis or Phocaea, was the pupil and successor of Lacydes, and was joint leader (scholarch) of the Academy at Athens together with Telecles.

In the final ten years of Lacydes' life (c. 215-c. 205), Evander and Telecles had helped run the Academy due to Lacydes being seriously ill.  They continued running the Academy after the death of Lacydes, without formally being elected scholarchs. On Telecles' death in 167/6 BC, Evander remained scholarch for a few more years.  Evander himself was succeeded by his pupil Hegesinus. Concerning the opinions and writings of this philosopher nothing is known except that he was an Academic Skeptic.

Several Pythagoreans of the name of Evander, who were natives of Croton, Metapontum, and Leontini, are mentioned by Iamblichus, and a Cretan Evander occurs in Plutarch.

Metapontum
Metapontum or Metapontium (Ancient Greek: Μεταπόντιον, romanized: Metapontion) was an ancient city of Magna Graecia, situated on the gulf of Tarentum, between the river Bradanus and the Casuentus (modern Basento). It was distant about 20 km from Heraclea and 40 from Tarentum. The ruins of Metapontum are located in the frazione of Metaponto, in the comune of Bernalda, in the Province of Matera, Basilicata region, southern Italy.
Studio Oleomingus
Studio Oleomingus is a two-person video game development studio based in Chala, Gujarat, India. It was founded in 2014 and is composed of Dhruv Jani, an alumnus of the National Institute of Design, and Sushant Chakraborty. Its work is primarily in the genre of postcolonial interactive fiction and explored through the medium of a first-person walking simulator. It has also hosted interactive art exhibitions in this medium at the Jawahar Kala Kendra and the Victoria and Albert Museum. Much of Oleomingus's output is part of a larger narrative called Somewhere about the search for a mythical city called Kayamgadh, and each individual work can be experienced as a short story in this narrative.

Jawahar Kala Kendra
The Jawahar Kala Kendra (JKK) is a multi-arts center located in the city of Jaipur, India. It was built by the Government of Rajasthan to preserve Rajasthani arts and crafts. The center has eight blocks housing museums, an amphitheater, a closed auditorium, a library, art display rooms, a cafeteria, a small hostel, and an art studio. It also houses two permanent art galleries and three others, and it hosts its yearly theatre festival.
Nicholas St. John (politician)
Nicholas St. John (by 1526 – 8 November 1589) was an English politician.

The eldest son of Sir John St John of Lydiard Park, Lydiard Tregoze, Wiltshire, he succeeded his father in 1576.

He was a Gentleman pensioner by 1552 to 1560. He sat on the Wiltshire bench as a Justice of the Peace from c. 1574 and was appointed High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1579–80. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Camelford in March 1553, Saltash in 1555, Cricklade in 1563, Great Bedwyn in 1571 and Marlborough in 1572.

He married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Richard Blount of Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, with whom he had 3 sons and 5 daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son, John. His second son, Oliver, was made Lord Deputy of Ireland and Viscount Grandison. His eldest daughter Elizabeth married Richard St George.

Camelford (UK Parliament constituency)
Camelford was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in the English and later British Parliament from 1552 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Elena Boldyreva
Elena Vladimirovna Boldyreva (born 4 February 1961) is a Russian chemist. Boldyreva is a leading researcher at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis in the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, and is Professor and Head of the Section of Solid State Chemistry at Novosibirsk State University.

Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, BIC (Russian: Институт катализа имени Г. К. Борескова Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, ИК СО РАН) is a research institute in Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1958.
Castello di Santa Eurasia
The Castello di Santa Eurasia is a former castle on Monte Tezio near Ponte Pattoli in Umbria, Italy. It was built in the 15th century and is owned by the Russian billionaire businessman and former KGB spy Alexander Lebedev and his son Evgeny. The Lebedevs have hosted numerous parties at the house, and visitors have included prominent politicians and celebrities, including the former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson. The villa has been monitored by Italian intelligence agencies over concerns that it has been used for espionage purposes. Lebedev also owns the nearby Palazzo Terranova.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Osman I of the Maldives
Osman I of Fehendhoo was the Sultan of the Maldives in 1388.  He ruled the country for 6 months and 15 days.  Sultan Osman was also the last sultan to ascend the throne of the Maldives from the Lunar Dynasty, ending the 227 years of Lunar Dynasty rule since the Maldives converted to Islam from Buddhism.

Sultan Osman I was forced to abdicate and banished to Kolhumadulu Atoll Guraidhoo, where he would die. His tomb was found in 1922, now in the Guraidhoo Ziyaaraiy Mosque.

Thaa Atoll
Thaa Atoll (Dhivehi: ތ. އަތޮޅު), historically known as Kolhumadulu Atoll (Dhivehi: ކޮޅުމަޑުލު އަތޮޅު), is an administrative division of the Maldives. It corresponds to the natural atoll of the same name. The ancient name of the island was Kolhumaduva during the time of King Koimala who united all atolls of the Maldives under one kingdom for the first time.

Traditionally, Maldivians call this atoll simply Kolhumadulu, without adding the word atholhu at the end. Thaa is the code letters assigned to the atoll and is sometimes used by tourists to refer to the atoll itself.

The waters surrounding this atoll are good fishing areas and some islands house fish processing plants.
Tangean Kofun
The Tangean Kofun (丹花庵古墳)  is a Kofun period  burial mound, located in the Kososhicho neighborhood of the city of Matsue, Shimane in the San'in region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1933.

San'in region
The San'in Region (山陰地方, San'in Chihō) is an area in the southwest of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It consists of the northern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Sea of Japan. Specifically, it is the two prefectures of Shimane and Tottori.
Chōsen Railway Class D
The Class D was a class consisting of a single diesel locomotive with B wheel arrangement operated by the Chōsen Railway in colonial Korea. It was one of the first diesel locomotives to operate on the Korean peninsula.

Its fate after the Liberation and partition of Korea is unknown.

Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as steam, electric, and diesel powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.
Michael J. Corbitt
Michael Jerome Corbitt (March 17, 1944 – July 27, 2004) was a police chief of Willow Springs, Illinois from 1973 until 1982, a three-time convicted felon, and an associate of Chicago Outfit mobsters such as Sal Bastone, Sam "Momo" Giancana and Antonino "Tony," "Joe Batters" Accardo. He became a cooperating witness after being convicted of aiding in the murder of Chicagoan Dianne Masters, by her husband, Alan. Corbitt authored a book about his experiences entitled, Double Deal: The Cop Who Was a Mobster.

Tony Accardo
Anthony Joseph Accardo (/əˈkɑːrdoʊ/; born Antonino Leonardo Accardo, Italian: [antoˈniːno leoˈnardo akˈkardo]; April 28, 1906 – May 22, 1992), also known as "Joe Batters" and "Big Tuna," was a mobster in the American Mafia. In a criminal career that spanned nearly eight decades, Accardo rose from small-time hoodlum to the position of day-to-day boss of the Chicago Outfit in 1947, to ultimately becoming the power behind the throne in the Outfit by 1972. Accardo moved the Outfit into new operations and territories, significantly increasing its power and wealth during his tenure as boss.