hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avoca, Tasmania
Avoca is a rural locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Northern Midlands (99%) and Break O'Day (1%) in the Central and North-east LGA regions of Tasmania. The locality is about 69 kilometres (43 mi) south-east of the town of Longford. The 2021 census recorded a population of 192 for Avoca.

It is a small village located 81 kilometres (50 mi) south-east of Launceston in Tasmania.

Avoca is situated on the banks of the South Esk River near the confluence of the St. Paul's river in the parish of Avoca and county of Cornwall, and was first settled in the 1830s. It was originally named St. Paul's Plains by John Helder Wedge during a 1833 survey of the area. The area was officially settled in 1834 as a farming, coal and tin mining village.

Break O'Day Council
Break O'Day Council is a local government body in Tasmania, situated in the northern part of the state's east coast. Break O'Day is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 6,770, the major towns of the region include St Helens, St Marys and Scamander.
Dolichyl-phosphate D-xylosyltransferase
In enzymology, a dolichyl-phosphate D-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.32) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-D-xylose + dolichyl phosphate  UDP + dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-D-xylose and dolichyl phosphate, whereas its two products are UDP and dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-D-xylose:dolichyl-phosphate D-xylosyltransferase.

Uridine diphosphate
Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is an organic compound. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil.

UDP is an important factor in glycogenesis. Before glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase forms a UDP-glucose unit by combining glucose 1-phosphate with uridine triphosphate, cleaving a pyrophosphate ion in the process. Then, the enzyme glycogen synthase combines UDP-glucose units to form a glycogen chain. The UDP molecule is cleaved from the glucose ring during this process and can be reused by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
Temple of Isthmia
The Temple of Isthmia is an ancient Greek temple on the Isthmus of Corinth dedicated to the god Poseidon and built in the Archaic Period. It is about 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) east of ancient Corinth, at the site of ancient Isthmia. It appears to have been constructed in the seventh century BC though was later destroyed in 470 BC and rebuilt as the Temple of Poseidon at Isthmia in c. 440 BC during the Classical period.

Peristyle
In ancient Greek and Roman architecture, a peristyle (/ˈpɛrɪˌstaɪl/; Ancient Greek: περίστυλον, romanized: perístulon) is a continuous porch formed by a row of columns (a colonnade) surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard. Tetrastoön (τετράστῳον/τετράστοον, tetrástōion/tetrástoon, 'four arcades') is a rarely used archaic term for this feature. The peristyle in a Greek temple is a peristasis (περίστασις, perístasis). In the Christian ecclesiastical architecture that developed from the Roman basilica, a courtyard peristyle and its garden came to be known as a cloister.
Nellie May Naylor
Nellie May Naylor (March 20, 1885 – October 5, 1992) was an American chemist. She was a chemistry professor at Iowa State University (then known as lowa State College), teaching between 1908 until 1955. She was only the second woman to hold this job in the chemistry department.

Clear Lake, Iowa
Clear Lake is a city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,687 at the 2020 census.  The city is named for the large natural lake on which it is located. Clear Lake is known for its rock and roll heritage, water sports, nearby state parks, and as a sailing destination.

Clear Lake is located on Interstate 35 and serves as a regional hub with nearby Mason City for north-central Iowa. The city is included in the Mason City, IA Micropolitan Area along with all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties.
Cynthia, Alberta
Cynthia is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Brazeau County. It is located approximately 37 kilometres (23 mi) south of Highway 16 and 131 kilometres (81 mi) southwest of Edmonton.

Cynthia previously held new town status for almost three years, having incorporated as a new town on June 1, 1956, but dissolving on May 1, 1959.

Alberta Highway 16
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 16, commonly referred to as Highway 16, is a major east–west highway in central Alberta, Canada, connecting Jasper with Lloydminster via Edmonton. It forms a portion of the Yellowhead Highway, a major interprovincial route of the Trans-Canada Highway system that stretches from Masset, British Columbia, on Graham Island, to the main Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) west of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, near Winnipeg. Highway 16 spans approximately 634 kilometres (394 mi) from Alberta's border with British Columbia in the west to its border with Saskatchewan in the east. As of 2010, all but less than 96 kilometres (60 mi) of the route was divided, with a minimum of two lanes in each direction. It is designated a core route in Canada's National Highway System.
Maui Patera
Maui Patera is a patera, or a complex crater with scalloped edges, on Jupiter's moon Io. It is about 38 kilometers in diameter and is located at 16°37′N 124°14′W﻿ / ﻿16.61°N 124.23°W﻿ / 16.61; -124.23. It is named after Māui, a Hawaiian demigod that sought fire from Mafuike. Its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1979. It is located southwest of the eruptive center Maui, south of Euxine Mons, and southwest of the volcano Amirani. Due east are Monan Patera, Monan Mons, and Ah Peku Patera.

Patera (planetary nomenclature)
Patera /ˈpætərə/ PAT-ər-ə (plural: paterae /ˈpætəri/ PAT-ə-ree) is an irregular crater, or a complex crater with scalloped edges on a celestial body. Paterae can have any origin (volcanic, impact or other), although the majority of them were created by volcanism. The term comes from Latin, where it refers to a shallow bowl used in antique cultures.

This term is used in planetary nomenclature: it is a part of the international names of such features. In such names, it is capitalized and stands after the proper given name (e.g., Pillan Patera). Besides that, it can be used as a description term and applied even to unnamed features.
Perceptions of Pacha
Perceptions of Pacha is a studio album by the South African musical group Goldfish, released on August 29, 2008. With the album, the group set a new South African Music Awards record for most nominations in 2009, with eight nominations including Best Duo or Group and Album of the Year, winning Best Engineer and Best Dance Album for Perceptions of Pacha.

South African Music Awards
The South African Music Awards (often simply the SAMAs) are the Recording Industry of South Africa's music industry awards, established in 1995. The ceremony is held annually, usually in late April or May, with the judging process starting in November of the previous year. The nominations are typically announced at the end of March. The winners receive a gold-plated statuette called a SAMA.

The show has mostly been held at the Super Bowl in Sun City, with the exception of three years, and broadcast live on national broadcaster, SABC. The ceremony features live performances as once-off collaborations by a selection of nominees.
Kokasa
Kokasa was a craftsman, sculptor and architect from ancient India. Several Jain texts from the 5th century onwards mention legends about him, crediting him with building flying machines. Inscriptions from the 12th century onwards mention several sculptors and artists who describe themselves as descendants of Kokasa. Marathi-language legends from the 15th century onwards suggest that he was the architect of the Kailasha Temple at Ellora.

Tamralipta Kingdom
Tamralipta or Tamralipti (Pali: Tāmaliti) was an ancient port city, located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. It was the capital of ancient Suhma and Vanga kingdom in Bengal. The Tamluk town in present-day Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, is generally identified as the site of Tamralipti.

It was located near the Rupnarayan river. It gets its name from the Sanskrit term "Tāmra", or copper, which was mined nearby at Ghatsila in the Singbhum region of the Chota Nagpur Plateau and traded through this port. During the Gupta dynasty, Tamralipta was the main emporium, serving as a point of departure for trade with Ceylon, Java, and China, as well as the west. It was linked by roads with the major cities of ancient India of that time, i.e., Rajagriha, Shravasti, Pataliputra, Varanasi, Champa, Kaushambi, and Taxila.
Riviere au Vase site
The Riviere au Vase Site (20MB3) is located in Chesterfield Township, Macomb County, in southeastern Michigan.  The site is on the Riviere au Vase near where it empties into Lake St. Clair.  It is classified as a prehistoric, Late Woodland site.

Chesterfield Township, Michigan
Chesterfield Charter Township is a charter township of Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census the population was 45,376.

The township was organized in 1842, formed from a portion of Macomb Township. In 1989 it gained charter status. The township is part of Metro Detroit.
Nichola Gutgold
Nichola D. Gutgold (born 1964) is an American scholar and academic. She is the former associate dean of academics of the Schreyer Honors College, Penn State University and is a professor of communication arts and sciences.   Previously she was an associate professor of communication arts and sciences at Penn State Lehigh Valley. Gutgold's specialization is the rhetoric of women in non-traditional fields and she is author of a number of books, scholarly articles, chapters and is a frequent speaker.

After an undergraduate education at King's College (Pennsylvania), she received an M.A. in speech communication at Bloomsburg University and a Ph.D. also in speech communication at Penn State University.
Her research has appeared in many news outlets including the NY Times, San Francisco Chronicle, LA Times, NPR, PBS.

She helps children overcome obstacles through her children's books, including Madam President: Five Women Who Paved The Way (Eifrig, 2015).

Commonwealth University-Bloomsburg
Commonwealth University-Bloomsburg (CU-Bloomsburg, or Bloomsburg) is a campus of Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE). The campus is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education with some degree programs accredited by specialized accreditors.
Wakatsutomu Hiroki
Wakatsutomu Hiroki (born 13 February 1973 as Hiroki Nakao, わかつとむ ひろき) is a former sumo wrestler from Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan. He made his professional debut in November 1995 and reached the top division in May 2001. His highest rank was maegashira 12. He retired from the sumo world in July 2006.

Ichikawa, Chiba
Ichikawa (市川市, Ichikawa-shi; pronounced [itɕiꜜkaɰa, itɕi̥kaꜜɰa, itɕi̥kaɰaꜜɕi]) is a city in western Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 492,749 in 256,229 households and a population density of 8577 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 57.45 square kilometres (22.18 sq mi).  The city has good transportation connections to the center of Tokyo, as with many areas of Chiba Prefecture. Major rail routes and roads pass through the city.
Tang (blade)
A tang or shank is the back portion of the blade component of a tool or weapon where it extends into stock material or connects to a handle – as on a knife, sword, spear, arrowhead, chisel, file, coulter, pike, scythe, screwdriver, etc. One can classify various tang designs by their appearance, by the manner in which they attach to a handle, and by their length in relation to the handle.

Nakago is the term in Japanese, used especially when referring to the tang of the katana or the wakizashi.

Coulter (agriculture)
A coulter is a component of many ploughs that precedes the plowshare and makes the first cut into the soil as the plow advances. It cuts a slit about 7 inches (18 cm) deep, ahead of the plowshare. Its most effective depth is determined by soil conditions. (The name is sometimes spelled colter; the name is from the Latin 'culter' = 'knife'.)
Edward Rugumayo
Edward Bitanywaine Rugumayo (born 18 December 1934) is a Ugandan politician, diplomat, writer, academic and environmentalist. He has previously served as cabinet minister in three Ugandan administrations. From 1979 until 1980, Rugumayo served as the Chairman of the Uganda Consultative Council. He currently serves as the chancellor of two Ugandan universities. He is a botanist and a community leader.

Uganda National Liberation Front
The Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF) was a political group formed by exiled Ugandans opposed to the rule of military dictator Idi Amin. The UNLF had an accompanying military wing, the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). UNLA fought alongside Tanzanian forces in the Uganda–Tanzania War that led to the overthrow of Amin's regime. The group ruled Uganda from the overthrow of Amin in April 1979 until the disputed national elections in December 1980.
Tate twist
In number theory and algebraic geometry, the Tate twist, named after John Tate, is an operation on Galois modules.

For example, if K is a field, GK is its absolute Galois group, and ρ : GK → AutQp(V) is a representation of GK on a finite-dimensional vector space V over the field Qp of p-adic numbers, then the Tate twist of V, denoted V(1), is the representation on the tensor product V⊗Qp(1), where Qp(1) is the p-adic cyclotomic character (i.e. the Tate module of the group of roots of unity in the separable closure Ks of K). More generally, if m is a positive integer, the mth Tate twist of V, denoted V(m), is the tensor product of V with the m-fold tensor product of Qp(1). Denoting by Qp(−1) the dual representation of Qp(1), the −mth Tate twist of V can be defined as

Dual representation
In mathematics, if G is a group and ρ is a linear representation of it on the vector space V, then the dual representation ρ* is defined over the dual vector space V* as follows:

ρ*(g) is the transpose of ρ(g−1), that is, ρ*(g) = ρ(g−1)T for all g ∈ G.

The dual representation is also known as the contragredient representation.

If g is a Lie algebra and π is a representation of it on the vector space V, then the dual representation π* is defined over the dual vector space V* as follows:

π*(X) = −π(X)T for all X ∈ g.

The motivation for this definition is that Lie algebra representation associated to the dual of a Lie group representation is computed by the above formula. But the definition of the dual of a Lie algebra representation makes sense even if it does not come from a Lie group representation.

In both cases, the dual representation is a representation in the usual sense.
Bigg Boss 2
Bigg Boss 2 is the second season of various versions of Bigg Boss (an Indian adaptation of the reality game show Big Brother):

Bigg Boss (Bangla) season 2

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 2
Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 2), the second season of its internet version

Bigg Boss Kannada season 2

Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) season 2

Bigg Boss Marathi season 2

Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 2

Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 2

Bigg Boss Kannada season 2
The second season of the Kannada-language version of Indian reality television series Bigg Boss was telecast on Asianet Suvarna and produced by Endemol India. The show premiered on 29 June 2014 with Sudeep as the host.

Among four finalists Akul Balaji emerged as the title winner with maximum votes and performance in house followed by Srujan Lokesh as runner-up, Deepika Kamaiah and Shwetha Chengappa as third and fourth respectively
Battle of Achal
The Battle of Achal, also known as the Battle of Randpura, was fought in Achal, near Batala, in 1785 between the Sukerchakia Misl, Ramgarhia Misl and Sansar Chand, against the Kanhaiya Misl. The Battle resulted in the Kanhaiyas retreating which allowed for the Ramgarhias and their Hill allies regaining their lost territories.

Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (3 May 1718 – 23 October 1783) was a Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy, being the supreme leader of the Dal Khalsa. He was also Misldar (leader or commander) of the Ahluwalia Misl. This period was an interlude, lasting roughly from the time of the death of Banda Bahadur in 1716 to the founding of the Sikh Empire in 1801. He founded the Kapurthala State in 1772.
Star Trek: Operation Enterprise
Star Trek: Operation Enterprise is a steel launched roller coaster at Movie Park Germany in Bottrop, Germany. The ride was manufactured by German company Mack Rides and opened to guests on 24 May 2017; however, its official opening ceremony took place on 14 June 2017.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.
Village Square Leisure Centre
The Village Square Leisure Centre is a 5.5 acre indoor leisure centre situated in the Pineridge community of north east Calgary, Alberta. The multipurpose recreational facility was built at the same time (although additions and redesigns have been made since) as the surrounding neighbourhood. Alongside Southland Leisure Centre, it is one of two leisure centres owned and operated by the City of Calgary. Attached to the leisure centre are a library, high-school, shopping centre, food court, and small professional centre.

A skywalk pedestrian walkway similar to the +15 connects the leisure centre to the neighbouring high school, Lester B. Pearson. The walkway is used by staff and by day camp participants from the leisure centre who take advantage of the unused school gymnasiums in the summer.

Leisure centre
A leisure centre, sports centre, or recreation centre is a purpose-built building or site, usually owned and provided by the local government authority, where people can engage in a variety of sports and exercise, and keep fit.
Brushed DC electric motor
A brushed DC electric motor is an internally commutated electric motor designed to be run from a direct current power source and utilizing an electric brush for contact.

Brushed motors were the first commercially important application of electric power to driving mechanical energy, and DC distribution systems were used for more than 100 years to operate motors in commercial and industrial buildings. Brushed DC motors can be varied in speed by changing the operating voltage or the strength of the magnetic field. Depending on the connections of the field to the power supply, the speed and torque characteristics of a brushed motor can be altered to provide steady speed or speed inversely proportional to the mechanical load. Brushed motors continue to be used for electrical propulsion, cranes, paper machines and steel rolling mills. Since the brushes wear down and require replacement, brushless DC motors using power electronic devices have displaced brushed motors from many applications.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Anthony Loyd
Anthony William Vivian Loyd (born 12 September 1966) is an English journalist and war correspondent, best known for his 1999 book My War Gone By, I Miss It So. He gained prominence in February 2019 when he tracked down a British ISIL bride, Shamima Begum.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
2016 Citi Open – Women's doubles
Belinda Bencic and Kristina Mladenovic were the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.

Monica Niculescu and Yanina Wickmayer won the title, defeating Shuko Aoyama and Risa Ozaki in the final, 6–4, 6–3.

Yanina Wickmayer
Yanina Wickmayer (born 20 October 1989) is a Belgian former professional tennis player. She reached the semifinals at the 2009 US Open, and a career-high ranking of world No. 12, on 19 April 2010. In doubles, she achieved a career-high of world No. 61, on 11 September 2023. She was awarded "Most Improved Player" by the WTA in 2009. Time magazine named her one of the "30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future" in June 2011.