hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paia, Achaea
Paia (Greek: Πάϊα) is a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, Greece. The seat of the municipality was in Dafni. The municipality was created after the Greek War of Independence and was dissolved in 1912. It was recreated in 1998 under the Capodistrian Plan. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kalavryta, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 99.325 km2.

Kapodistrias reform
Kapodistrias reform (Greek: Σχέδιο Καποδίστριας, "Kapodistrias Plan") is the common name of law 2539 of Greece, which reorganised the country's administrative divisions. The law, named after 19th-century Greek statesman (Ioannis Kapodistrias), passed the Hellenic Parliament in 1997, and was implemented in 1998. The administrative system was changed again at the 2010 Kallikratis reform.
George Adomeit
George Gustav Adomeit (15 January 1879 – 1967) was a Prussian-American painter and printmaker, and also co-founder and long-time president of the Caxton Company, a printing company that was bought by the Fetter Printing Company in 1955.

Printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets, used during the sixth century. Printing by pressing an inked image onto paper (using woodblock printing) appeared later that century. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
Düzce Province
Düzce Province (Turkish: Düzce ili) is a province in northwestern Turkey. The province is on the coastline of the Black Sea and is traversed by the main highway between Istanbul and Ankara. The primary town is Düzce, located in the center of the province. There are ancient Greek ruins in the province. Düzce separated from the Bolu province and became a province in its own right after a devastating earthquake in the city in November 1999. Its area is 2,492 km2, and its population is 405,131 (2022).

1999 Düzce earthquake
The 1999 Düzce earthquake occurred on 12 November at 18:57:22 local time with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), causing damage and at least 845 fatalities in Düzce, Turkey. The epicenter was approximately 100 km (62 mi) to the east of the extremely destructive 1999 İzmit earthquake that happened nearly three months earlier. Both strike-slip earthquakes were caused by movement on the North Anatolian Fault.
Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital
Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital is a rural teaching hospital in Sayre, Pennsylvania. It was founded as Robert Packer Hospital in 1885, making it the oldest hospital in the Twin Tiers of Pennsylvania and New York. The hospital is a primary stroke center and level I trauma center. It has received numerous awards, including being named one of the Truven Top 50 Cardiovascular Hospitals 10 times since 2001, "America’s 100 Best Hospitals for Coronary Intervention" by HealthGrades in 2017, 2018, and 2019 and receiving a Bariatric Surgery Excellence Award in 2019. It has also received a Center of Distinction Award for wound care and hyperbarics in 2018.

History of wound care
The history of wound care spans from prehistory to modern medicine. Wounds naturally heal by themselves, but hunter-gatherers would have noticed several factors and certain herbal remedies would speed up or assist the process, especially if it was grievous. In ancient history, this was followed by the realisation of the necessity of hygiene and the halting of bleeding, where wound dressing techniques and surgery developed. Eventually the germ theory of disease also assisted in improving wound care.
CRIME
CRIME (Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy) is a security vulnerability in HTTPS and SPDY protocols that utilize compression, which can leak the content of secret web cookies. When used to recover the content of secret authentication cookies, it allows an attacker to perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks. CRIME was assigned CVE-2012-4929.

SPDY
SPDY (pronounced "speedy") is an obsolete open-specification communication protocol developed for transporting web content. SPDY became the basis for HTTP/2 specification. However, HTTP/2 diverged from SPDY and eventually HTTP/2 subsumed all use cases of SPDY. After HTTP/2 was ratified as a standard, major implementers, including Google, Mozilla, and Apple, deprecated SPDY in favor of HTTP/2. Since 2021, no modern browser supports SPDY.

Google announced SPDY in late 2009 and deployed in 2010. SPDY manipulates HTTP traffic, with particular goals of reducing web page load latency and improving web security. SPDY achieves reduced latency through compression, multiplexing, and prioritization, although this depends on a combination of network and website deployment conditions. The name "SPDY" is not an acronym.
International Bottled Water Association
The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) is a trade association of companies in the bottled water industry.

It promotes bottled water through events such as National Hurricane Preparedness Week in the United States.
The association fights attempts to ban or tax bottled water and is active in other legislative and regulatory areas, including drafting bottled water regulations adopted by some state governments.

It has worked with the FDA in developing a Model Bottled Water Regulation (also known as the Model Code), providing specific guidance to bottlers on legal requirements, quality standards, monitoring procedures and labeling requirements. Members of the IBWA are required to abide by the Code.

Water industry
The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services (including sewage treatment) to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy. Typically, public utilities operate water supply networks. The water industry does not include manufacturers and suppliers of bottled water, which is part of the beverage production and belongs to the food sector.

The water industry includes water engineering, operations, water and wastewater plant construction, equipment supply and specialist water treatment chemicals, among others.

The water industry is at the service of other industries, e.g. of the food sector which produces beverages such as bottled water.
Ngāti Tamaterā
Ngāti Tamaterā is a Māori iwi (tribe) of the Hauraki region of New Zealand, descended from Tamaterā, the second son of Marutūāhu. It is a major tribe within the Marutūāhu confederation and its leaders have been prominent in Hauraki history and Marutūāhu tribal affairs. It is one of five tribes of the Marutūāhu confederation, the others being Ngāti Maru, Ngāti Paoa, Ngāti Rongoū and Ngāti Whanaunga. The Marutūāhu tribes are all descended from Marutūāhu, a son of Hotunui, who is said to have arrived in New Zealand on the Tainui canoe. The Marutūāhu tribes are therefore part of the Tainui group of tribes. The Marutūāhu confederation is also part of the Hauraki collective of tribes.

Te Raupa pā, on the banks of the Ohinemuri River near Paeroa, was a location where Ngāti Tamaterā traditionally settled.

Hauraki Gulf
The Hauraki Gulf (Māori: Tīkapa Moana) is a coastal feature of the North Island of New Zealand. It has an area of 4000 km2, and lies between, in anticlockwise order, the Auckland Region, the Hauraki Plains, the Coromandel Peninsula, and Great Barrier Island. Most of the gulf is part of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park.

Hauraki is Māori for north wind. In 2014, the gulf was officially named Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the mournful sea" for Tīkapa Moana.  In traditional legend, the Hauraki Gulf is protected by a taniwha named Ureia, who takes the form of a whale.
Georgette Chen
Georgette Liying Chendana Chen (born Chang Li Ying; 23 October 1906 – 15 March 1993), commonly known as Georgette Chen, was a Singaporean painter of the School of Paris and one of the pioneers of modern Singaporean art as well as of the Nanyang style of art in the region.

A key figure in the development of modern art in Singapore, Chen is known for her oil paintings and contributions to art education as a teacher at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts (NAFA) from 1954 to 1981. Prior to being based in Malaya and Singapore from the 1950s onwards, Chen often travelled between cities such as Shanghai, Paris, New York and Tokyo, which led to her fluency in English, French and many other languages. In 1982, Chen was awarded the Cultural Medallion for her contributions to the visual arts in Singapore.

On 15 March 1993, Chen died of complications from rheumatoid arthritis after an 11-year struggle with the ailment.

Singapore Art Museum
The Singapore Art Museum (Abbreviation: SAM) is an art museum with multiple venues across Singapore. It is the first fully dedicated contemporary visual arts museum in Singapore with one of the world’s most important public collections by local and Southeast artists. It collaborates with international art museums to co-curate contemporary art exhibitions.

SAM presents art across multiple spaces such as Tanjong Pagar Distripark, its heritage buildings and other partner venues across Singapore. The heritage buildings are located at two adjacent sites. The main building, dating back to 1955 is the former Saint Joseph’s Institution on Bras Basah Road; the second building known as the 'SAM at 8Q' was the former Catholic High School on Queen Street. The museum organised the Singapore Biennale in 2011, 2013, 2016, 2019 and will continue to do so in 2022.
Vrutham
Vrutham is a 1987 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by I. V. Sasi and produced by Raju Mathew for Central Pictures, starring Kamal Haasan, Suresh Gopi, Geetha, Captain Raju, Thilakan and Shobana.

The film marked the return of Kamal Haasan to Malayalam language films after 1982. Actor Suresh Gopi in the earlier period of his career did a supporting role in this film. The film did moderate business. This movie dubbed into Tamil-language as Viratham and released on 10 September 1987.

Captain Raju
Raju Daniel (27 June 1950 – 17 September 2018), better known by his stage name Captain Raju, was an Indian actor and former army officer. He acted in more than 600 films in various languages, including Malayalam, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and English. He was best known for his performances in character roles, and as a villain. He also appeared in television serials and advertisements and has also directed two Malayalam films. The comic professional assassin character called Pavanayi that he played in the movie Nadodikkattu developed a cult status in Malayalam cinema.
Karl von Arx
Karl von Arx, commonly known by his pseudonym Tschüppeli, (* 1921; † 1982) was a Swiss footballer who played in the 1940s. He played as midfielder.

Von Arx joined Basel's first team during their 1942–43 season. He played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 25 October 1942 against Lugano. He scored his first goal for his club on 21 March 1943 in the away game against Cantonal Neuchatel. But this could not save Basel from a 2–3 defeat.

Between the years 1942 and 1943 von Arx played a total of 46 games for Basel scoring a total of four goals. 31 of these games were in the Nationalliga, four in the Swiss Cup and 11 were friendly games. He scored one goal in the domestic league, the others were scored during the test games.

Neuchâtel Xamax FCS
Neuchâtel Xamax Football Club Serrières (pronounced [nøʃɑtɛl ksamaks]) is a Swiss football club based in Neuchâtel. It was created in 1970 through a merger between FC Cantonal, founded in 1906 and Swiss champions of 1916, and FC Xamax founded in 1912. The name Xamax comes from legendary Swiss international player 'Xam' Max Abegglen, one of the founding members. Xamax Neuchâtel FCS obtained its current name after a merger with FC Serrières, another side from Neuchâtel, in May 2013.
Indian Institute of Management Amritsar
The Indian Institute of Management Amritsar (IIM Amritsar) is a Public Business School and an Institute of National Importance located in Amritsar, Punjab, India established by Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2015. It is one of the young members of the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) Umbrella established in 2015. The institute was inaugurated by Surjit Singh Rakhra, the then Minister of Higher Education and Languages, Punjab on 6 August 2015.

Business school
A business school is a higher education institution or professional school that teaches courses leading to degrees in business administration or management.

A business school may also be referred to as school of business, school of management, management school, school of business administration, college of business, business college, or colloquially b-school or biz school.
Bedser
Bedser is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Sir Alec Bedser (1918–2010), Surrey and England cricketer, twin brother of Eric

Alec Bedser (South African cricketer) (1948–1981), South African cricketer

Eric Bedser (1918–2006), Surrey cricketer

Alec Bedser
Sir Alec Victor Bedser CBE (4 July 1918 – 4 April 2010) was an English professional cricketer, primarily a medium-fast bowler. He is widely regarded as one of the best English cricketers of the 20th century.

Bedser played first-class cricket for Surrey from 1939 to 1960 alongside his identical twin brother Eric.  He took 1924 first-class wickets in 485 matches. He played Test cricket for England from 1946 to 1955, taking 236 wickets in 51 Test matches.  He passed Clarrie Grimmett's world record for Test wickets in 1953.  He held the record until his final tally was passed by Brian Statham in 1963.

After retirement as an active cricketer, Bedser became the chairman of selectors for the English national cricket team, and was the president of Surrey County Cricket Club.  He was knighted in the 1997 New Year Honours.
Gjilan
Gjilan (Albanian definite form: Gjilani) or Gnjilane (Serbian Cyrillic: Гњилане), is the fourth-largest city in Kosovo, functioning as both a municipality and the administrative centre of the Gjilan District. According to the 2024 census, the municipality has a population of 82,901, with the majority of residents living in the city itself.

The city lies in eastern Kosovo, within the Anamorava region, and enjoys strong transport links to the capital, Pristina, as well as to surrounding cities including Ferizaj, Kamenica, Preševo and Bujanovac.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Charlestown, Manchester
Charlestown is a ward in the suburban north of the city of Manchester, England. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 14,332. Voters from this ward elect three councillors to Manchester City Council.

The M60 motorway, Moston railway station, and Boggart Hole Clough form the northern, eastern and southern boundaries of the ward respectively with the western portion leading into the suburb of Blackley along Rochdale Road. The ward is entirely within the Blackley and Middleton South constituency.

Moston railway station
Moston railway station in Moston, Manchester, England, is 4 miles (6 km) north of Manchester Victoria on the Caldervale Line managed by Northern.

Moston station opened in February 1872. It is on Hollinwood Avenue, in New Moston, and is unstaffed, the station buildings having been demolished in the late 1990s. Tickets must be purchased on the train.
Ain Tazitounte
Ain Tazitounte is a town and rural commune in Chichaoua Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 5,947 people living in 1,073 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Kari Solem
Kari Solem (born 1 December 1974) is a Norwegian handball player who played for the club Byåsen IL and the Norwegian national team in the 1990s. She was born in Trondheim. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where the Norwegian team finished fourth.

She won a bronze medal with the Norwegian team at the 1994 European Women's Handball Championship, silver medal at the 1996 European Women's Handball Championship, and siver medal at the 1997 World Women's Handball Championship.

1997 World Women's Handball Championship
The 1997 IHF World Women's Handball Championship took place in Germany 30 November – 14 December 1997. It was the first tournament with 24 teams. Denmark won its first World Championship title. Denmark's only defeat in the championship was by Macedonia.

The tournament was also remembered for a tragic incident in the stands during one match of the semi-final matches, between Denmark and Russia (32-22), when a fight broke out between a Danish and a German spectator. The fight developed into the German taking out a knife and stabbing the Dane. Another Danish spectator tried to intervene, but was stabbed himself. Both Danes soon died, and the German was soon arrested by the police. He admitted to the stabbing during the police interrogation, and said that he committed it while under the influence of alcohol.
The Bourbon Legend
The Bourbon Legend is Jason Boland & The Stragglers's fifth album. It was released in the fall of 2006. The song "Rattlesnakes" is a cover, co-written with Bob Childers.  It was produced by longtime Dwight Yoakam collaborator Pete Anderson.

Pete Anderson
Pete Anderson (born July 23, 1948) is an American guitarist, music producer, arranger and songwriter.

Anderson is most known for his guitar work with, and critically acclaimed production of, country music star Dwight Yoakam from 1984 through 2002, a partnership that resulted in numerous platinum records, sold-out tours, and some music in the Bakersfield and hillbilly traditions. On guitar, Anderson's technical proficiency and versatility allows him to perform a variety of styles, including country, western, rock, rockabilly, soul, blues, Flamenco, Tex-Mex.

Among the artists Anderson has produced are Dwight Yoakam, Roy Orbison, Jason Boland and the Stragglers, Meat Puppets, Jackson Browne, Michelle Shocked, Buck Owens, k.d. Lang, Steve Pryor Band, Lonesome Strangers, and Lucinda Williams. He more recently produced Mark Chesnutt's album Outlaw (2010) and George Ducas' album Long Way From Home (2024)
Tokuyama, Yamaguchi
Tokuyama (徳山市, Tokuyama-shi) was a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

On April 21, 2003, Tokuyama, along with the city of Shinnan'yō, the town of Kumage (from Kumage District), and the town of Kano (from Tsuno District), was merged to create the city of Shūnan.

The city had a population of about 150,000 people. Its location along the Sanyō Shinkansen made for easy access to nearby cities such as Hiroshima and Fukuoka. Hikari holds a sizable beach.

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.
Kirk Ziola
Kirk D. J. Ziola is a Canadian curler from London, Ontario.

Ziola is originally from Regina, Saskatchewan, and in 1983 won the provincial championship. His rink from Estevan, Saskatchewan represented the province at the 1983 Labatt Brier, where they finished with a 5-6 record.

Ziola moved to Ayr, Ontario in the 1980s. He played in the 1987 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, skipping his rink to a 3-4 record.

Ayr, Ontario
Ayr is a community in Ontario, Canada that is located within the Township of North Dumfries in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo in Southwestern Ontario. Ayr is located south of Kitchener and west of Cambridge.
USRC Erie
The USRC Erie was a United States Revenue Cutter stationed at Presque Isle in Erie, Pennsylvania. It replaced the USRC Benjamin Rush on the Great Lakes. Daniel Dobbins supervised the construction of and was in command of the USRC Erie from 1833 to 1841. Dobbins was placed back in command of the USRC Erie in 1845. USRC Erie was active in the prevention of the violation of United States neutrality during the Canadian Rebellions of 1837 and was placed under the control of the United States War Department in April 1839.

USRC Erie was sold in Erie on 31 July 1849 for $684.

United States Revenue Cutter Service
The United States Revenue Cutter Service was established by an Act of Congress (1 Stat. 175) on 4 August 1790 as the Revenue-Marine at the recommendation of the nation's first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton.

The federal government body was initially created to serve as an armed customs enforcement service. Over time, however, the service gradually gained missions either voluntarily or by legislation, including those of a military nature. It was generally referred to as the Revenue-Marine until 31 July 1894, when it was officially renamed the Revenue Cutter Service. The Revenue Cutter Service operated under the authority of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. On 28 January 1915, the service was merged by an act of Congress with the United States Life-Saving Service to form the United States Coast Guard.
Love Story in Shanghai
Love Story in Shanghai, also known as Symphony of Rain, is a 2001 Chinese period television drama series directed by Zhao Baogang, set in 1930s Shanghai.

The show was broadcast on 14 national networks almost simultaneously beginning in late May 2001, and more than 20 local networks during the year. It dominated ratings on Shanghai Television and was the top-rated show on Guangdong Television for the year. In Taiwan, it was broadcast on Taiwan Television in February/March 2001 and received respectable ratings. In Japan, the show was streamed on the website showtime.jp beginning in May 2007.

Shanghai Television
Shanghai Television (Chinese: 上海电视台; pinyin: Shànghǎi Diànshìtái) was a TV station based in Shanghai, China that was founded in 1958. Its old web site address was www.stv.sh.cn. In 2001, it was merged with Radio Shanghai, Eastern Radio Shanghai, Oriental Television Station and Shanghai Cable Television under the name of Shanghai Media Group. It broadcast 258 hours of TV and 214 hours of radio on a daily basis (2005).