hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spintria
A spintria (plural, spintriae) is a small bronze or brass Roman token that typically has a sexual image on one side, and a numeral ranging from I to XVI on the other. They are about 24 mm in diameter. The scenes of couples are typical expressions of sexuality in ancient Rome as found in other explicit art, depicting both female-male and male-male sex acts.

Known spintriae were all produced at a single location. Of the two sets found, the production of the first dates from 22 to 37 CE and the second from 30 to 79 CE. They show no wear from circulation.

Certainty about their use has eluded scholars, who have offered conjectures ranging from brothel passes, "locker room" tokens at the  baths, or gaming pieces.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
CARS1
Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1 is an enzyme (EC 6.1.1.16) that in humans is encoded by the CARS1 gene. It is an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase that attaches the cysteine amino acid onto its corresponding transfer RNA (tRNA). Cysteinyl tRNA in turn is used by the ribosome to transfer cysteine onto a growing peptide chain during protein synthesis, according to the genetic code.

Cysteine
Cysteine (/ˈsɪstɪiːn/; symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HS−CH2−CH(NH2)−COOH. The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. Cysteine is chiral, but both D and L-cysteine are found in nature. L‑Cysteine is a protein monomer in all biota, and D-cysteine acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian nervous systems. Cysteine is named after its discovery in urine, which comes from the urinary bladder or cyst, from Greek κύστις kýstis, "bladder".

The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. In this case, the symbol Cyx is sometimes used. The deprotonated form can generally be described by the symbol Cym as well.

When used as a food additive, cysteine has the E number E920.

Cysteine is encoded by the codons UGU and UGC.
Sabine Holtz
Sabine Holtz (born 16 September 1959) is a German historian who holds the position of Chair of Regional History at the University of Stuttgart. Since 2015, she has also been the head of the Commission for Regional Historical Studies in Baden-Württemberg.

University of Stuttgart
The University of Stuttgart (German: Universität Stuttgart) is a public research university located in Stuttgart, Germany. It was founded in 1829 and is organized into 10 faculties. It is one of the oldest technical universities in Germany with programs in civil, mechanical, industrial and electrical engineering, among others. It is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the nine oldest German institutes of technology.
Henry Balink
Henry Balink (1882–1963) was a Dutch-born American painter, draughtsman and etcher from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Born in Amsterdam, he was trained at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and emigrated to the United States. He first lived in Taos, New Mexico, in 1917 and settled in Santa Fe in 1924. Balink painted portraits of Native Americans. His work was exhibited at the New Mexico Museum of Art as early as 1917, and later at the Tucson Museum of Art. It is in the collections of the Kansas City Art Institute and the Gilcrease Museum.

New Mexico Museum of Art
The New Mexico Museum of Art is an art museum in Santa Fe governed by the state of New Mexico, United States. It is one of four state-run museums in Santa Fe that are part of the Museum of New Mexico.  It is located one block off the historic Santa Fe Plaza.  It was given its current name in 2007, having previously been referred to as The Museum of Fine Arts.
Aymeric Luc
Aymeric Luc (born 14 October 1997) is a French rugby union player, who plays for RC Toulon.

He was first called to the French national senior team by Fabien Galthié on the 26 October 2021, for the autumn internationals, after Virimi Vakatawa was ruled-out through injury.

2021 end-of-year rugby union internationals
The 2021 end of year rugby union tests, also referred to as the Autumn internationals in the Northern Hemisphere, were rugby union test matches during October and November 2021, mainly involving countries from the Northern Hemisphere hosting those from the Southern Hemisphere. These international games counted towards World Rugby's ranking system, with teams typically playing from two to four matches in this period.

Matches hosted by teams from the Six Nations Championship were branded the Autumn Nations Series for marketing purposes.
Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh
Nadaun is a historical town and a Nagar Parishad in the Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Previously a part of the princely state of Kangra, it was granted as a jagir to Jodhbir Chand by Ranjit Singh. Nadaun is presently an independent small town located on NH 3 and NH 303 in the Sivalik range foothills. It is situated on the banks of the Beas.

Nadaun has boundaries with districts Kangra and Una.

Bulleh Shah mentions Nadaun as the City of Innocent. He is said to have written the famous saying, "Aaye Nadaun, Jaaye Kaun" (meaning "who comes to Nadaun would never want to go back"). In his famous poem Bulla Ki Janna Mein Kaun, he mentions Nadaun as "Na mein rehnda vich Nadaun".

Una district
Una district is a district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Una shares its border with the Hoshiarpur and Rupnagar districts of  Punjab and Kangra, Hamirpur, and Bilaspur districts of Himachal Pradesh. The terrain is generally plain with semi hills.

Una has five tehsils, namely Ghanari, Haroli, Amb, Bangana and Una itself. It was a tehsil of Hoshiarpur district until the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 and Kangra district until 1972, after which it became a district of Himachal Pradesh.
Blues Bag
Blues Bag, subtitled Leonard Feather's Encyclopedia Of Jazz - Jazz Of The '60s, Vol. 2,  is an album by clarinetist Buddy DeFranco recorded in Los Angeles in late 1964 and released by the Vee-Jay label the following year.

Vee-Jay Records
Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll.

The label was founded in Gary, Indiana, in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken, a husband-and-wife team who used their initials for the label's name. Vivian's brother, Calvin Carter, was the label's A&R man. Ewart Abner, formerly of Chance Records, joined the label in 1955, first as manager, then as vice president, and ultimately as president.  One of the earliest Black American-owned record companies, Vee-Jay quickly became a major R&B label, with the first song recorded, the Spaniels' "Baby It's You,"  making it to the top ten on the national R&B charts.
Henry II of Ventimiglia
Henry II of Ventimiglia (c. 1230 – 1308), Count of Ventimiglia, of Maro, Geraci and of Ischia, Lord of Collesano, Gangi and of Petralie, Lord of Gratteri, Isnello, Castel di Lucio, Ipsigro, Fisauli, Belici, Montemaggiore and Caronia, was Vicar General in Marche and the Duchy of Spoleto, on behalf of King Manfred of Sicily, and one of the main organizers of the Sicilian Vespers.

Henry was also the founder of Castelbuono and began the construction of the castle there. Expropriated from the fiefs both in Sicily and in Liguria by Charles I of Anjou, he obtained recognition and restitution with the support of Frederick III of Aragon and the Republic of Genoa. He was ambassador of the Aragonese of Sicily to Genoa in 1300.

Castelbuono
Castelbuono (Sicilian: Casteḍḍu-bonu or, locally, Castiḍḍubbuonu) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily (southern Italy).

It is known for the castle from which its name derives, around which the city developed in the 14th century.
Tauchers Platform railway station
Tauchers Platform railway station served Glentauchers distillery, Mulben, Moray, Scotland that had originally opened in 1897 and the hamlet of Tauchers. The single platform halt was opened by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway circa 1923 on the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway route for the convenience of workers at the site and for the general public from 1949. The station lay 3 miles 70 chains (6.2 km) from Keith railway station.

Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway
The Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway (I&AJR) was a railway company in Scotland, created to connect other railways and complete the route between Inverness and Aberdeen. The Inverness and Nairn Railway had opened to the public on 7 November 1855 and the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) was building from Aberdeen to Keith. The I&AJR opened, closing the gap, on 18 August 1856.

It found the GNoSR a difficult partner and passenger journeys from Inverness to the south via Aberdeen were inconvenient and circuitous.
Irish Bob Murphy
Irish Bob Murphy (July 22, 1922 – August 17, 1961) was an Irish-American light heavyweight boxer who fought from 1945 to 1954. He was born Edwin Lee Conarty in Flagler, Colorado, but fought out of San Diego, California. Murphy, who was a southpaw, was a top light heavyweight contender, and in 2003 made the Ring Magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time.

The Ring (magazine)
The Ring (often called The Ring magazine or Ring magazine) is a boxing magazine, that was first published in 1922 as a boxing and wrestling magazine. As the sporting legitimacy of professional wrestling came more into question, The Ring shifted to becoming exclusively a boxing-oriented publication.

Ring began publishing annual ratings of boxers in 1924. With its November/December 2022 issue, the magazine stopped publication of its regular monthly print issues and will remain a digital publication, offering occasional special interest print issues.
Sib RNA
Sib RNA refers to a group of related non-coding RNA. They were originally named QUAD RNA after they were discovered as four repeat elements in Escherichia coli intergenic regions. The family was later renamed Sib (for short intergenic abundant sequences) when it was discovered that the number of repeats is variable in other species and in other E. coli strains.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Wigmund of Mercia
Wigmund may have briefly reigned in Mercia about 840, in succession to his father, Wiglaf of Mercia. He may, on the other hand, have predeceased his father and never been anything more than a co-ruler with him. He was himself the father of Wigstan who later declined kingship. He married Ælfflæd, daughter of Ceolwulf I, which suggests that Ceolwulf II was a descendant of Wigmund and the last king of the original Mercian dynasty. According to Ford Mommaerts-Browne, he may also have been the father of Eadburh, wife of Æthelred Mucel, and mother of Eahlswith.

Ealhswith
Ealhswith or Ealswitha (died 5 December 902) was the wife of King Alfred the Great. She was the mother of King Edward the Elder who succeeded King Alfred to the Anglo-Saxon throne. Her father was a Mercian nobleman, Æthelred Mucel, Ealdorman of the Gaini, which is thought to be an old Mercian tribal group. Her mother was Eadburh, a member of the Mercian royal family and her lineage was one of the primary reasons for Alfred taking Ealhswith as his wife. She founded the nunnery of Nunnaminster.
Él (video game)
Elle, also known as Él (エル, eru), is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by ELF Corporation which was originally released on June 13, 1991. A remake produced by ELF Corporation retitled Él was released on September 29, 2000. Green Bunny produced an anime original video animation titled Él which was released in two volumes in 2001. The series depicts the survivors of a nuclear war that are gathered in a single, tightly monitored city.

ELF Corporation
ELF Corporation (株式会社エルフ, Kabushiki-gaisha Erufu), stylized as élf, was a Japanese eroge studio. One of its most popular games is Dōkyūsei, a pioneering dating sim, which has had a sequel and been turned into adult OVA series.  The character design of the main villains from the -saku series is the company mascot. They are also known for role-playing video games such as the Dragon Knight series and visual novel adventure games such as YU-NO.   Many ELF games had been turned into adult OVA series.  Three of ELF game series had even been turned into TV anime series: Elf-ban Kakyūsei, Raimuiro Senkitan and YU-NO.

Elf was founded on April 27, 1989 in Tokyo. As of 2004, the CEO is Atsushi Shimoda (下田篤). EFC, the ELF Fan Club (エルフFC), has an active membership. There is a project that aims at recreating the game engine for other platforms. After 27 years, it was announced in October 2015 that the company was closing for business. Some of their games were re-released by DMM Games.
Meisenheimer rearrangement
In organic chemistry, the Meisenheimer rearrangement is the conversion of a tertiary amine oxide to a alkoxylamine.  The reaction is most common for benzylic or allylic amine oxides.  The reaction is names for Jakob Meisenheimer.  The process resembles the oxy-Cope rearrangement.

The 1,2-rearrangement:

The 2,3-rearrangement:

Hydroxylamine
Hydroxylamine (also known as hydroxyammonia) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH2OH. The compound exists as hygroscopic colorless crystals. Hydroxylamine is almost always provided and used as either an aqueous solution or, more often, as one of its salts, such as hydroxylammonium sulfate, a water-soluble solid.

Hydroxylamine and its salts are consumed almost exclusively to produce Nylon-6. The oxidation of NH3 to hydroxylamine is a step in biological nitrification.
Pixie Mountain
Pixie Mountain is a mountain in the North Carolina High Country, in the community of Linville. Its elevation reaches 4,058 feet (1,237 m). The mountain is adjacent to the Linville River.

The Linville Bypass (NC 181) goes around Pixie Mountain on its western side; while the majority of the Linville community is on its East and North.

Linville River
The Linville River is a river in western North Carolina, United States.  The river begins in the slopes of Peak Mountain, Sugar Mountain and Flattop Mountain, in the Linville Gap area (also known as Tynecastle).  As it goes south through Avery County, it passes through the communities of Grandfather, Linville, Pineola, Crossnore and finally at Linville Falls.  After entering Burke County at the community of Linville Falls, the river becomes the centerpiece of the Linville Falls and the Linville Gorge, an area referred to as "the Grand Canyon of North Carolina."  After approximately 30 miles (48 km), the river ends at Lake James and the Catawba River; the original confluence with the Catawba River has been flooded by the creation of the reservoir in 1923.

In 1975, North Carolina designated 13.0 miles (20.9 km) of the river as Linville State Natural River, including it in the state's Natural and Scenic Rivers System.
Climate of Colombia
The climate of Colombia is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator presenting variations within five natural regions and depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity, winds and rainfall. Each region maintains an average temperature throughout the year only presenting variables determined by precipitation during a rainy season caused by the Intertropical Convergence Zone.

Natural regions of Colombia
Because of its natural structure, Colombia can be divided into six distinct natural regions. These consist of the Andean Region, covering the three branches of the Andes mountains found in Colombia; the Caribbean Region, covering the area adjacent to the Caribbean Sea; the Pacific Region adjacent to the Pacific Ocean; the Orinoquía Region, part of the Llanos plains mainly in the Orinoco river basin along the border with Venezuela; the Amazon Region, part of the Amazon rainforest; and finally the Insular Region, comprising the islands in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Colombia is located in South America.
Scott Howell (political consultant)
Herbert Weston Scott Howell III is an American entrepreneur and political media consultant whose client list includes former President George W. Bush, Senate Majority Leader John Thune - SD, US Senator Lindsey Graham, SC, US Senator Mike Rounds, SD and Gov Kristi Noem, SD. Other notable clients included Meg Whitman and Rudy Giuliani.

Mike Rounds
Marion Michael Rounds (born October 24, 1954) is an American businessman and politician serving as the junior United States senator from South Dakota since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 31st governor of South Dakota from 2003 to 2011.

Rounds was raised in Pierre, South Dakota. He attended South Dakota State University, where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree. He was elected to the South Dakota Senate in 1990, representing the 24th district until 2001. Rounds ran for governor of South Dakota in 2002, and after an upset victory in the Republican primary, won the general election. He was reelected in 2006.

In 2014, Rounds was elected to the United States Senate, succeeding retiring Democrat Tim Johnson. He was reelected in 2020.
Matlock Bridge
Matlock Bridge also known as Derwent Bridge, is a  stone bridge spanning the River Derwent in Matlock town centre, Derbyshire, England. The bridge dates back to the 15th century, and is a Grade II* listed structure.

Matlock, Derbyshire
Matlock is the county town of Derbyshire, England. It is in the south-eastern part of the Peak District, with the National Park directly to the west.  The spa resort of Matlock Bath is immediately south of the town as well as Cromford lying further south still. The civil parish of Matlock Town had a population in the 2021 UK census of 10,000.

Matlock is 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Chesterfield and in close reach of the cities of Derby (19 miles), Sheffield (20 miles) and Nottingham (29 miles). Matlock is within the Derbyshire Dales district and is the headquarters of Derbyshire County Council.
Anita Louise Combe
Anita Louise Combe is an Australian actress, singer, dancer  who has worked extensively in the entertainment industry all around the world. Combe attended the Gwen Mackay School of Dancing and trained in the Cechetti method of ballet with Jennifer Pollard in Adelaide, South Australia before making her first professional appearance on stage as Sillabub in the Australian Premiere Production of Cats at the Theatre Royal in Sydney.  She is one of the few people in the world to date who has played both roles of Roxie Hart and Velma Kelly in the production of Chicago in the West End.  Anita created the role of Stephanie Mangano in the World Premiere Production of Saturday Night Fever opposite fellow Australian, Adam Garcia and produced by Adelaide born, Robert Stigwood.

Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra
The Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an English orchestra, founded in 1893 and originally based in Bournemouth. With a remit to serve the South and South West of England, the BSO is administratively based in the adjacent town of Poole, since 1979. The orchestra is resident at Lighthouse in Poole, with other major concert series given at Portsmouth Guildhall, the Great Hall of Exeter University and Bristol Beacon.

Principal conductors of the orchestra have included Sir Dan Godfrey, Rudolf Schwarz, Constantin Silvestri, Paavo Berglund, Andrew Litton, Marin Alsop, and Kirill Karabits. The current principal conductor is Mark Wigglesworth, as of the 2024–2025 season. The orchestra's current chief executive is Dougie Scarfe.
2009 Northeast Grand Prix
The 2009 American Le Mans Northeast Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 2009 American Le Mans Series season.  It took place at Lime Rock Park, Connecticut on July 18, 2009.

The race was won by Simon Pagenaud and Gil de Ferran in the de Ferran Motorsports Acura, their third American Le Mans Series victory in a row.  Dyson Racing Team earned their first victory with Mazda in the LMP2 category, overcoming several mechanical issues during the race.  Flying Lizard Motorsports continued their season streak with their fourth consecutive win, while Gruppe Orange won in the ALMS Challenge category.

Corsa Motorsports also became the first American Le Mans Series competitor to utilize a hybrid electric drivetrain on their Le Mans Prototype during an event, eventually completing the race in third position.

Lime Rock Park
Lime Rock Park is a natural-terrain motorsport road racing venue located in Lakeville, Connecticut, United States, a hamlet in the town of Salisbury, in the state's northwest corner. Built in 1956, it is the nation's third oldest continuously operating road racing venue, behind Road America (1955) and Willow Springs International Motorsports Park (1953). The track was owned by Skip Barber from 1984 to April 2021, a former race car driver who started the Skip Barber Racing School in 1975. Now, it is owned by Lime Rock Group, LLC. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
Elias Uppheim Skogvoll
Elias Uppheim Skogvoll (born 5 May 1996) is a Norwegian football midfielder who plays for Tromsdalen.

Hailing from Ballangen Municipality, he made his senior debut for Ballangen on the sixth tier in 2011 before playing youth football for Mjølner and Tromsø. He also represented Norway as a youth international In Tromsø he also made his senior debut, in the 2014 Norwegian Football Cup match against Mjølner. To play regular senior football, he joined Tromsdalen in 2015. Here he won promotion to the 2017 1. divisjon, but the next year he stepped down one notch to play for third-tier Mjølner. Ahead of the 2020 season he was signed by Odd and made his first-tier debut in June 2020 against Strømsgodset.

Odds BK
Odds Ballklubb, commonly known as Odd, is a Norwegian professional football club from Skien. Originally the football section of a multi-sports club, it was founded in 1894, nine years after the club's founding. Most sports other than football and gymnastics were discontinued and the club became dedicated primarily to football. Odd plays in the Norwegian First Division, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, and holds the record of winning the Norwegian Football Cup the most times with twelve wins, the last coming in 2000. The club was known as Odd Grenland between 1994 and 2012. Founded in 1894, Odd is the oldest football club in Norway. As of 13 May 2017 the club was granted a membership in Club of Pioneers. It then became the first Nordic football club to be granted this membership.